# Outline of Puntland

Puntland (Somali: Puntland, Arabic: أرض البنط), officially the Puntland State of Somalia (Somali: Maamul dowladda Puntland), is officially a federal member state in north-eastern Somalia though it is, as of 1 April 2024 A independent state until constitutional changes. The capital of Puntland is Garowe.
Puntland is officially a federal state in Somalia. Its location is the tip of the Horn.
A third of Somalia's population lives in the state, which contains about a third of the nation's geographical area.
The name "Puntland" is derived from the Land of Punt mentioned by ancient Egyptian sources. However, the exact location of the fabled territory is still a mystery. Many studies suggest that the Land of Punt was located in Somalia, whereas others propose that it was situated elsewhere.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Puntland. Part of Puntland is ex-Majertenia Sultanate, According to the Constitution of Puntland, Puntland consists of 9 regions:
* Bari
* Cayn
* Haylaan
* Karkaar
* Mudug
* Nugaal
* Ra'as Aseir
* Sanaag
* Sool
In the colonial era, the region had relationships with the outside world. In 1870s some area signed treaty with Italy. The terms of each treaty specified that Italy was to steer clear of any interference in the sultanates' respective administrations.[9] In return for Italian arms and an annual subsidy, the Sultans conceded to a minimum of oversight and economic concessions.[10] The Italians also agreed to dispatch a few ambassadors to promote both the sultanates' and their own interests.[9] The new protectorates were thereafter managed by Vincenzo Filonardi through a chartered company.[10] An Anglo-Italian border protocol was later signed on 5 May 1894, followed by an agreement in 1906 between Cavalier Pestalozza and General Swaine acknowledging that Badhan fell under the Majeerteen Sultanate's administration.[9] With the gradual extension into northern Somalia of Italian colonial rule, both Kingdoms were eventually annexed in the early 20th century.[11] However, unlike the southern territories, the northern sultanates were not subject to direct rule due to the earlier treaties they had signed with the Italians.

## General reference

* Common English regional name: Puntland
* Common endonym(s): Puntlaand
* Official endonym(s): أرض البنط
* ISO country codes: See the Outline of Somalia
* ISO region codes: See the Outline of Somalia
* Internet country code top-level domain: .so

## Geography of Puntland

Geography of Puntland
* Location — Puntland is located in the northern east of Somalia between the points of 48E and 52°48E / 13°48N and 7°48N.
* Puntland has 1525 km (825 nm) of coastline from Cape Galwein at 48°E, 13°10N in the west of Bosaso to the Cape Guardfui in the East of Bosaso at 52°48E , 14°00N between Abd Alkuri Island of Puntland and Samhah Island of Socatra, to the border sea with the South Somalia at 49°38 E, 7°24N to 50°48 E, 6°35N.
* The Puntland territorial water is (100 nm) according to the sea law on 2006, and situated within the following regions:
** Eastern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere
** Africa
*** East Africa
**** Horn of Africa
***** Somalia – see also States and regions of Somalia
** Time zone(s): EAT
* Population of Puntland: 5,000,000 - 128th most populous
* Area of Puntland: (124,320 km$^2$), (48,000 mi$^2$),
* Atlas of Somalia

### Environment of Puntland

* Climate of Puntland

#### Natural geographic features of Puntland

* Glaciers of Puntland: None

### Regions of Puntland
#### Administrative divisions of Puntland
##### Administrative regions of Puntland

* Bari
* Karkaar
* Haylaan
* Ra'as Aseir
* Nugaal
* Mudug

##### Districts of Puntland

Districts, by administrative of Puntland region:
* Districts of Ra'as Aseir
** Alula District
** Baargaal District
** Hafun District
* Districts of Bari
** Bosaso District
** Iskushuban District
** Qandala District
** Armo District
** Rako District
* Districts of Karkaar
** Qardho District
** Bayla District
** Waiye District
* District of Haylaan
** Badhan District
** Dhahar District
** Laasqoray District
* Districts of Nugaal
** Garoowe District
** Burtinle District
** Eyl District
** Dangorayo District
** Godobjiran District
* Districts of Mudug
** Galkayo District
** Jariban District
** Gara'ad District
** Galdogob District
** Tawfiiq District

##### Cities in Puntland

* Aluula
* Badhan
* Bali busle
* Balidhidhin
* Bargal
* Bayla
* Bosaso
* Buran
* Dangorayo
* Dhahar
* Hadhwanaag
* Falaydhyale
* Eyl
* Garowe
* Jalam
* Galgala
* Galkayo
* Garacad
* Goldogob
* Hafun
* Harfo
* Hadaftimo
* Lasqoray
* xingalol
* Xidda
* Iskushuban
* Qandala
* Qardho
* Taleex
* Waiye
* Yalho
* Kilmia

## Islands

* Abd al Kuri
* Hafun

## Government and politics of Puntland

Politics of Puntland
* Form of government: national autonomous presidential republic
* Capital of Puntland: Garowe

### Branches of the government of Puntland
#### Executive branch of the government of Puntland

* Head of state: President of Puntland
* Head of government: President of Puntland

#### Legislative branch of the government of Puntland

* House of Representatives of Puntland: 6th Parliament of Puntland (2023)

#### Judicial branch of the government of Puntland

Court system of Puntland
* Supreme Court of Puntland

### Foreign relations of Puntland

* Diplomatic missions of Puntland

#### International organization membership

* None (regional administration)

### Law and order in Puntland

* Human rights in Puntland
** LGBT rights in Puntland

### Law enforcement in Puntland

* Puntland Dervish Force
* Puntland Intelligence Security Agency
* Puntland Maritime Police Force
* Puntland Police Force
* Puntland Security Force

## History of Puntland

* History of Puntland
** Majeerteen Sultanate
** Sultanate of Hobyo

## Culture of Puntland

* National symbols of Puntland
** Coat of arms of Puntland
** Flag of Puntland
* Religion in Puntland
** Islam in Puntland
* Demonyms of Puntland
** Puntish, Puntian, Puntite, Puntlander

## Economy and infrastructure of Puntland

Economy of Puntland
* Communications in Puntland
** Media in Puntland
*** Puntland TV and Radio
*** Garowe Online
*** Puntland Post
*** Radio Garowe
* Companies of Puntland
** Golis Telecom Somalia
** Bosaso Tannery
* Energy in Puntland
** Oil exploration in Puntland
* Transport in Puntland
** Roads in Puntland
*** Garowe-Bosaso Highway
** Seaports in Puntland
*** Port of Bosaso
** Airports in Puntland
*** Abdullahi Yusuf Airport
*** Alula Airport
*** Bosaso International Airport
*** Candala Airport
*** Garowe International Airport
*** Iskushuban Airport
*** Qardho Airport

## Education in Puntland

* Puntland State University
* Admas University College–Garowe
* East Africa University
* Bosaso University
* RedSea University
* Sahal University

### Non-governmental organization

* Puntland Development Research Center
* Tadamun