# TYW5

TRNA-YW Synthesizing Protein 5 (TYW5) is a human protein that is encoded by the TYW5 gene.

## Gene

TYW5 is located on chromosome 2q33.1 on the minus strand and spans 26,579 nucleotides.

### Gene neighborhood

TYW5 is neighbored upstream by the genes C2orf69 (199,911,293 - 199,955,935) and Matrix AAA Peptidase Interacting Protein 1 (MAIP1) (199,955,317-200,008,540).

## Protein

The TYW5 protein consists of 315 amino acids with a molecular mass of approximately 36.5 kDa. TYW5 functions as a homodimer and relies on Fe²⁺ ions as cofactors for its enzymatic activity, specifically involved in tRNA modification.

## Evolution
### Paralogs

There are four known paralogs to TYW5.
* HSPB1 Associated Protein 1 (HSPBAP1)
* Jumonji C Domain-Containing Protein 5 (JMJD5)
* Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1 Subunit Alpha Inhibitor (HIF1AN)
* Jumonji Domain-Containing Protein 7 (JMJD7)

### Orthologs

TYW5 in Homo sapiens is shown to be highly conserved. It is found in many vertebrates and invertebrates, as displayed in the table 1.
Table 1: Selected Orthologs of TYW5 (C2orf60) :
| Genus/Species | Common Name | Class | Order | Accession Number | Sequence Length (aa) | Sequence Identity (%) | Divergence from Humans (MYA) |
| Homo sapiens | Human | Mammalia | Primate | NP_001034782.1 | 315 | 100% | - |
| Gorilla gorilla gorilla | Gorilla | Mammalia | Primate | XP_018878290.1 | 315 | 99.68% | 8.6 |
| Artibeus jamaicensis | Jamaican fruit bat | Mammalia | Chiroptera | XP_037023423.2 | 315 | 94.92% | 94 |
| Hippopotamus amphibius kiboko | River Hippopotamus | Mammalia | Artiodactyla | XP_057601540.1 | 315 | 94.57% | 94 |
| Talpa occidentalis | Spanish mole | Mammalia | Eulipotyphla | XP_037379687.1 | 315 | 94.29% | 94 |
| Panthera tigris | Tiger | Mammalia | Carnivora | XP_007094793.1 | 315 | 93.65% | 94 |
| Ictidomys tridecemlineatus | Thirteen-lined ground squirrel | Mammalia | Rodentia | XP_005340922.1 | 315 | 92.06% | 87 |
| Eschrichtius robustus | Gray whale | Mammalia | Artiodactyla | XP_068400800.1 | 315 | 86.84% | 94 |
| Alligator mississippiensis | American alligator | Reptilia | Crocodilia | KYO33633.1 | 315 | 81.90% | 319 |
| Caretta caretta | Loggerhead sea turtle | Reptilia | Testudines | XP_048726478.1 | 315 | 81.27% | 319 |
| Gavia stellata | Red-throated loon | Aves | Gaviiformes | XP_059676631.1 | 318 | 79.55% | 319 |
| Gallus gallus | Red junglefowl | Aves | Galliformes | E1C7T6.1 | 318 | 77.52% | 319 |
| Pristis pectinata | Smalltooth sawfish | Chondrichthyes | Rhinopristiformes | XP_051883094.1 | 316 | 77.20% | 462 |
| Microcaecilia unicolor | Tiny Cayenne Caecilian | Amphibia | Gymnophiona | XP_030065847.1 | 354 | 77.07% | 352 |
| Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus | Atlantic sturgeon | Actinopterygii | Acipenseriformes | KAK1165839.1 | 341 | 72.82% | 429 |
| Danio rerio | Zebrafish | Actinopterygii | Cypriniformes | NP_001071011.1 | 326 | 66.99% | 429 |
| Haliotis asinina | Ass's-Ear Abalone | Gastropoda | Lepetellida | XP_067686775.1 | 326 | 65.91% | 686 |
| Owenia fusiformis | Tubeworm | Polychaeta | Canalipalpata | CAH1788010.1 | 370 | 65.33% | 686 |
| Exaiptasia diaphana | Pale anemone | Hexacorallia | Actiniaria | XP_020892862.1 | 308 | 60.34% | 685 |
| Anabrus simplex | Mormon cricket | Insecta | Orthoptera | P_066991715.2 | 313 | 59.40% | 686 |
| Ornithodoros turicata | relapsing fever tick | Arachnida | Ixodida | XP_064459258.1 | 309 | 54.18% | 686 |
| Drosophila melanogaster | Common fruit fly | Insecta | Diptera | 7YXJ_A | 322 | 23.49% | 686 |