OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# East Branch Field Brook

East Branch Field Brook is a tributary of Field Brook in Susquehanna County and Wyoming County, in Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately 3.7 miles (6.0 km) long and flows through Lathrop Township in Susquehanna County and Nicholson Township in Wyoming County. The watershed of the stream has an area of 2.70 square miles (7.0 km$^2$). The stream is not designated as an impaired waterbody. It is a Coldwater Fishery and a Migratory Fishery.

## Course

East Branch Field Brook begins in an unnamed lake in Lathrop Township, Susquehanna County. It flows east-southeast for a few tenths of a mile before turning south-southeast for more than a mile as its valley becomes narrower. In this reach, it receives an unnamed tributary from the left and passes by Miller Hill. The stream then turns south for several tenths of a mile before turning south-southeast again. After a short distance, it exits Lathrop Township and Susquehanna County.
Upon exiting Susquehanna County, Eats Branch Field Brook continues flowing south-southeast. Its valley becomes shallower and several tenths of a mile further downstream, it reaches its confluence with Field Brook.
East Branch Field Brook joins Field Brook 1.48 miles (2.38 km) upstream of its mouth.

## Hydrology

East Branch Field Brook is not classified as an impaired waterbody.
An Erosion and Sediment Control permit has been issued to Williams Field Services Company, LLC, for which one of the receiving streams is East Branch Field Brook. Chief Gathering, LLC once requested a permit to construct and maintain a 6-inch (15 cm) pipeline for natural gas and a two timber mat bridges across the stream. One crossing would impact 65 feet (20 m) of the stream and the other would impact 102 feet (31 m).

## Geography and geology

The elevation near the mouth of East Branch Field Brook is 860 feet (260 m) above sea level. The elevation of the stream's source is between 1,260 and 1,280 feet (384 and 390 m) above sea level.
The surficial geology along the lower and middle reaches of East Branch Field Brook mainly consists of alluvium, while the rest of the stream's valley has surficial geology consisting of a till known as Wisconsinan Till. However, near the mouth of the stream, there is a patch of alluvial terrace. In the stream's upper reaches, the surficial geology mostly consists of Wisconsinan Till and a lake.

## Watershed and biology

The watershed of East Branch Field Brook has an area of 2.70 square miles (7.0 km$^2$). The stream is entirely within the United States Geological Survey quadrangle of Hop Bottom. The stream's mouth is within a mile (two kilometers) of Nicholson.
The designated use of East Branch Field Brook is aquatic life. The stream is classified as a Coldwater Fishery and a Migratory Fishery.

## History

East Branch Field Brook was entered into the Geographic Names Information System on August 2, 1979. Its identifier in the Geographic Names Information System is 1173743.
A bridge carrying State Route 2002 crosses East Branch Field Brook in Lathrop Township, Susquehanna County. A 1996 act authorized the rehabilitation of the bridge.
# East Branch Mohawk River (New York)

East Branch Mohawk River is a river in Lewis County and Oneida County in the U.S. state of New York. It begins south of the hamlet of Mohawk Hill, flows through the hamlet of West Leyden and empties into Mohawk River east of the hamlet of West Branch.
# East Branch Otsdawa Creek

East Branch Otsdawa Creek is a river in Otsego County, New York. It converges with Otsdawa Creek north-northwest of Otego.
# Sahler Stone House and Dutch Barn

Sahler Stone House and Dutch Barn is a historic home and Dutch barn located at Rochester in Ulster County, New York. The house was built about 1780 and is a five-bay, 1+1⁄2-story linear plan stone and frame gable ended house. It was restored in 1957. The 1-story Dutch barn has a corrugated metal roof and clapboard siding.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.
# East Fork Coquille River

The East Fork Coquille River is a tributary, about 34 miles (55 km) long, of the North Fork Coquille River in the U.S. state of Oregon. It begins near Bennett Rock in Douglas County in the Southern Oregon Coast Range.
The East Fork flows generally west through the Brewster Valley near the rural community of Sitkum to the vicinity of Dora in Coos County. Downstream of Dora, the river turns southwest to meet the North Fork at Gravelford. The mouth of the East Fork is about 10 miles (16 km) from the North Fork's confluence with the South Fork Coquille River near Myrtle Point and 46 miles (74 km) river miles from the Coquille River mouth on the Pacific Ocean at Bandon.
The land in the watershed is used mainly for timber production and farming; commercial forests dominate in much of the region.

## Tributaries

Named tributaries of the East Fork Coquille River from source to mouth are Knepper, Lost, Dead Horse, Camas, Brummit, China, and Bills creeks. Then come Steel and Hantz creeks followed by Yankee Run. Below that are Elk and Weekly creeks.

## Recreation

Frona County Park near Dora and Bennett County Park near Gravelford are campgrounds and day-use areas for picnicking and fishing.
The East Fork supports populations of cutthroat trout, steelhead, and Chinook and coho salmon. Frona Park has a steelhead acclimation pond along Hantz Creek. Only finclipped steelhead may be caught and kept, and the river is closed to coho fishing.
# Saint Matthew's Catholic Church (Mobile, Alabama)

Saint Matthew's Catholic Church is a historic Roman Catholic church building in Mobile, Alabama. It was built in the Mediterranean Revival style in 1913, shortly after its parish was founded. The building was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on July 3, 1991, as a part of the Historic Roman Catholic Properties in Mobile Multiple Property Submission.
# Edwards Run (Beaver River tributary)

Edwards Run is a tributary of the Beaver River in western Pennsylvania. The stream rises in western Lawrence County and flows east entering the Beaver River at Moravia, Pennsylvania. The watershed is roughly 60% agricultural, 33% forested and the rest is other uses.
# Pompholoogopaphlasmasin

Pompholoogopaphlasmasin was an expression used during World War II by a Royal Navy captain in a signal reporting on an action in the Mediterranean.

## The action

In November 1942 HMS Lotus was operating in support of Operation Torch. On 13 November she and HMS Poppy made an ASDIC contact on a submerged U-boat off the coast of Algeria. They attacked with depth charges and were rewarded with sounds of the vessel breaking up underwater. Lt. HJ Hall, the captain of Lotus, described this sound in his report with the Greek expression pompholoogopaphlasmasin, quoting "an onomatopeic line from Aristophanes". When the Admiralty received this, they were taken with it, and had the report circulated with the appropriate explanation.

## The signal

The expression pompholoogopaphlasmasin is derived from the play The Frogs, by the 5th century BC playwright Aristophanes.
(Classical Greek)
    "ή Διος φεύγεντες ομβρον
    ενύδρον εν Βύφο χορειαν
    αιολαν εφθεγςαμεσθα
    πομφολύγοπαφλασμασιν"
(transliteration)
    "he Dios pheugentes ombron
    enudron en Bupho choreian
    aiolan ephthegxamestha
    pompholugopaphlasmasin"
(English)
    "Or when fleeing the storm, we went
    Down to the depths and our choral song
    Wildly raised to a loud and long
    Bubble-bursting accompaniment"

## The outcome

Postwar analysis credited Lotus and Poppy with the destruction of U-605. However, this assessment was later changed, as further research determined in 1987 that the attack on 13 November had been directed at U-77 (which survived, with little damage) while U-605 had been destroyed on a different occasion the following day.
# Elk Creek (Kansas)

Elk Creek is a stream in Bourbon and Linn counties, in the U.S. state of Kansas.
Elk Creek was named for the elk seen there by early settlers.
# Elk Creek (Rock River tributary)

Elk Creek is a stream in Nobles and Rock counties, in the U.S. state of Minnesota. It is a tributary of the Rock River.
Elk Creek was named for the fact elk were once frequently seen there.
# Ellis Creek (Budd Inlet tributary)

Ellis Creek is a stream in Thurston County in the U.S. state of Washington. It is a tributary to Budd Inlet.
Ellis Creek has the name of Isaac "Ike" Ellis, a local lumberman.
# Baaghi 4

Baaghi 4 (transl. Rebel 4) is an upcoming Indian Hindi-language action thriller film directed by A. Harsha (in his Hindi film debut) and produced by Sajid Nadiadwala under Nadiadwala Grandson Entertainment. The film stars Tiger Shroff, Sanjay Dutt, Sonam Bajwa and Harnaaz Sandhu. It is the fourth installment of the Baaghi film series.
Baaghi 4 was announced in November 2024 and will theatrically release on 5 September 2025.

## Cast

* Tiger Shroff
* Sanjay Dutt
* Sonam Bajwa
* Harnaaz Sandhu

## Production

Principal photography began in November 2024. In December 2024, Sanjay Dutt was cast as the antagonist. Sonam Bajwa and Harnaaz Sandhu were cast as the leading actresses.

## Release
### Theatrical

Baaghi 4 is scheduled to be released on 5 September 2025.
# Karuste

Karuste is a village in Saaremaa Parish, Saare County in western Estonia.
# Marcus McDilda

First lieutenant Marcus Elmo McDilda (December 15, 1921 – August 16, 1998) was an American fighter pilot who was shot down over Japan during World War II. Under interrogation, he gave false information to the Japanese regarding the atomic bomb.
McDilda, who was from Dunnellon, Florida, was a P-51 fighter pilot. On August 8, 1945, two days after the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, his plane was shot down during a strafing mission over Osaka and he was taken prisoner.
After his capture, McDilda was paraded through the streets of Osaka, where he was blindfolded and beaten by civilians. He was then interrogated by the Kempeitai, the Japanese military police, who tortured McDilda in order to discover how many atomic bombs the Allies had and what the future targets were. McDilda, who knew nothing about the atomic bomb nor the Manhattan Project, initially admitted that he knew nothing about the atomic bombs, but, after a Japanese officer threatened to kill him, McDilda "confessed" that the U.S. had 100 atomic bombs that would be dropped on Tokyo and Kyoto, the only Japanese cities he knew the names of, within "the next few days". McDilda's "testimony" included the following nonsensical description of the A-bomb, which seemed to confuse it with an antimatter weapon:
   As you know, when atoms are split, there are a lot of pluses and minuses released. Well, we've taken these and put them in a huge container and separated them from each other with a lead shield. When the box is dropped out of a plane, we melt the lead shield and the pluses and minuses come together. When that happens, it causes a tremendous bolt of lightning and all the atmosphere over a city is pushed back! Then when the atmosphere rolls back, it brings about a tremendous thunderclap, which knocks down everything beneath it.
This "confession" led the Japanese to consider McDilda a "Very Important Person" and he was flown to Tokyo the next morning, where he was interrogated by a civilian scientist, who was a graduate of the City College of New York. The interrogator quickly realized McDilda knew nothing of nuclear fission and was giving fake testimony. McDilda explained that he had told his Osaka questioners that he knew nothing, but when that was not accepted, he had to "tell the lie to stay alive". McDilda was taken to a cell and fed, and awaited his fate; but he was rescued from the prisoner-of-war camp in Ōmori nineteen days later, after it was captured by the 4th Marine Regiment. The move to Tokyo had probably saved McDilda's life; after the announcement of the Japanese surrender, fifty U.S. soldiers imprisoned in Osaka were executed by Japanese soldiers.
This case has been cited as evidence that interrogational torture is ineffective, as his "confession" might have been counterproductive to Japan's intelligence-gathering.
# Emerson Run

Emerson Run is a tributary of Lake Run in Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately 1.8 miles (2.9 km) long and flows through Covington Township. The watershed of the stream has an area of 1.58 square miles (4.1 km$^2$). Wild trout naturally reproduce in the stream. The surficial geology in its vicinity consists of Wisconsinan Ice-Contact Stratified Drift, Wisconsinan Till, bedrock, wetlands, peat bogs, and sand and gravel pits.

## Course

Emerson Run begins in a wetland in a broad and shallow valley in Covington Township. It flows east for several hundred feet before turning north for a similar distance. The stream then turns northwest for a few tenths of a mile before turning east and crossing Pennsylvania Route 435. Several tenths of a mile further downstream, it turns north for a short distance before turning east. After a short distance, it reaches its confluence with Lake Run.
Emerson Run joins Lake Run 0.84 miles (1.35 km) upstream of its mouth.

## Geography and geology

The elevation near the mouth of Emerson Run is 1,709 feet (521 m) above sea level. The elevation of the stream's source is between 1,840 and 1,860 feet (560 and 570 m) above sea level.
The path of a planned utility line crosses Emerson Run.
The surficial geology in the vicinity of the lower reaches of Emerson Run consists mainly of Wisconsinan Ice-Contact Stratified Drift. Slightly further from the stream is an area of a glacial till known as Wisconsinan Till and an area of bedrock consisting of conglomeratic sandstone, sandstone, and shale. There are also a few patches of sand and gravel pits. Along the stream's upper reaches, the surficial geology mainly consists of Wisconsinan Till. However, there are also patches of Wisconsinan Ice-Contact Stratified Drift and pits of sand and gravel. Additionally, there is a patch of wetlands and peat bogs near this reach of the stream.

## Watershed

The watershed of Lake Run has an area of 1.58 square miles (4.1 km$^2$). The stream's mouth is in the United States Geological Survey quadrangle of Sterling. However, its source is in the quadrangle of Moscow.

## History

Lake Run was entered into the Geographic Names Information System on August 2, 1979. Its identifier in the Geographic Names Information System is 1174218.
In the early 2000s, the Lackawanna River Watershed Conservation Plan recommended that Covington Township include protection of Emerson Run in its zoning plans.

## Biology

Wild trout naturally reproduce in a reach of Emerson Run, as far downstream as the stream's mouth. The stream is designated as a High-Quality Coldwater Fishery.
# Castor oil glycidyl ether

Castor oil glycidyl ether is a liquid organic chemical in the glycidyl ether family. It is sometimes called castor oil triglycidyl ether. It has the theoretical formula C$_{66}$H$_{116}$O$_{12}$. There are two CAS numbers in use, 14228-73-0 and 74398-71-3. The IUPAC name is 2,3-bis[[(E)-12-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)octadec-9-enoyl]oxy]propyl (E)-12-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)octadec-9-enoate. A key use is acting as a modifier for epoxy resins as a reactive diluent that adds flexibility and improved mechanical properties.

## Manufacture

It is made by glycidation of castor oil which is a vegetable oil. Castor oil and epichlorohydrin are reacted in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst to form halohydrin: each hydroxyl group of the triol reacts with an epoxide on epichlorohydrin. This process is followed neutralizing the catalyst with a small amount of sodium hydroxide and then adding a large excess of epichlorohydrin as solvent. To re-form the epoxide rings in a dehydrochlorination reaction, solid sodium hydroxide flake is used rather than a solution. On completion the epichlorohydrin is recovered and the product cleaned up. One of the quality control tests would involve measuring the epoxy value by determination of the epoxy equivalent weight.

## Uses

A 2018 study concluded that its use as a flexiblizing agent as well as an epoxy diluent has application in the aviation field. Poly(propylene glycol) diglycidyl ether may also be used for the same application but has the perceived disadvantage that it is petroleum based rather than renewable plant based like the castor oil glycidyl ether. A patent application shows it may also be used as a co-reactant-surfactant in herbicide production. As the molecule has 3 oxirane functionalities, a key use is modifying and reducing the viscosity of epoxy resins. These reactive diluent modified epoxy resins may then be further formulated into CASE applications: coatings, adhesives, sealants, elastomers. It is also used in composite production. It produces epoxy coatings with high impact resistance. Polymer systems with shape memory may also be produced with this particular molecule. The use of the diluent does effect mechanical properties and microstructure of epoxy resins. Production of biocompatible materials is also possible and the material is often classed as a renewable resource. It has also found use in oil well petroleum recovery.
# Invention (musical composition)

In music, an invention is a short composition (usually for a keyboard instrument) in two-part counterpoint. (Compositions in the same style as an invention but using three-part counterpoint are known as sinfonias. Some modern publishers call them "three-part inventions" to avoid confusion with symphonies.) Well-known examples are the fifteen inventions that make up the first half of Johann Sebastian Bach's Inventions and Sinfonias. Inventions are usually not performed in public, but serve as exercises for keyboard students, and as pedagogical exercises for composition students.

## Form

Inventions are similar in style to a fugue, though they are much simpler. They consist of a short exposition, a longer development, and, sometimes, a short recapitulation. The key difference is that inventions do not generally contain an answer to the subject in fugue does. Two-part and three-part inventions are in contrapuntal style.

### Exposition

In the exposition, a short motif is introduced by one voice in the tonic key. This is also known as the theme. The subject is then repeated in the second voice in the dominant key while the initial voice either plays a countersubject or plays in free counterpoint.

### Development

The development comprises the bulk of the piece. Here the composer develops the subject by writing variations either melodically or harmonically. This usually involves the alternation of episodes with statements of the theme, similar to the development of a fugue. In minor- and major-mode inventions, the theme is typically restated in the relative major and the dominant, respectively. New key areas are reached through episodes, which usually move sequentially through the circle of fifths. The final episode ends on a half cadence in the original key, and is often exaggerated to make the subject sound extra special when it returns. Many of Bach‘s Inventions follow this plan, including BWV 775 and BWV 782.

### Recapitulation

If an invention does have any recapitulation at all, it tends to be extremely short—sometimes only two or four measures. The composer repeats the theme in the upper voice and the piece ends. The repetition of the theme contains very little variation (or no variation at all) on the original theme. The lower line usually plays the countersubject, and if there is no countersubject, plays in free counterpoint.

## History

The invention is primarily a work of Johann Sebastian Bach. Inventions originated from contrapuntal improvisations in Italy, especially from the form of the composer Francesco Antonio Bonporti. Bach adapted and modified the form to what is considered to be a formal invention. Bach wrote 15 inventions (BWV 772–786) as exercises for his son, Wilhelm Friedemann Bach. Bach later wrote a set of 15 three-part inventions, called sinfonias (BWV 787–801).
# Dun Borrafiach

57°34′43″N 6°37′35″W﻿ / ﻿57.578588°N 6.62633°W﻿ / 57.578588; -6.62633
Dun Borrafiach is an Iron Age broch located on the north coast of the island of Skye, in Scotland (grid reference NG23556371).

## Location

Dun Borrafiach is located on the Waternish peninsula of Skye, about 8 kilometres northwest of the village of Lusta. It occupies a rocky outcrop overlooking the Borrafiach Burn.

## Description

Dun Borrafiach has an external diameter of 16.5 metres, and the walls still stand to a height of 2.7 metres on the south side. The entrance is on the northwest side of the broch.
The northeast side of the entrance-way appears to have been narrowed in antiquity by the insertion of additional walling. Inside the broch, a long stretch of the outer face of the intramural gallery is still visible on the east side.
# Stradyń

Stradyń is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wolsztyn, within Wolsztyn County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) south of Wolsztyn and 66 km (41 mi) south-west of the regional capital Poznań.
# Phalaenopsis honghenensis

Phalaenopsis honghenensis, also known as 红河蝴蝶兰 (hong he hu die lan) in Chinese, is a species of orchid native to Southeast China and Vietnam. The specific epithet honghenensis refers to Honghe, China.

## Description

Like other members of Phalaenopsis section Aphyllae, this plant exhibits deciduous leaflessness. However, it usually has 1–2 leaves, which are produced on up to 1 cm long stems, which are imbricated in leaf bases. The 5–7 cm long and 1.5–2.5 cm wide leaves are obliquely elliptic and show purple spotting. Verrucose, photosynthetic adventitious roots radiate from the stem. Pink to pale green, 2.9 cm wide flowers are produced on 3–6 flowered, up to 7.7 cm long racemes. A small spur is produced by the labellum.

## Gallery

* Lateral view of flower bud of Phalaenopsis honghenensis F.Y.Liu with distinct spur
* Flower bud of Phalaenopsis honghenensis F.Y.Liu
* Fully opened flower of Phalaenopsis honghenensis F.Y.Liu viewed from behind

## Taxonomy

The variable colouration may be a source of confusion. The flowers may be rose pink or infused with green. The true phylogenetic relationships within the section Aphyllae are subject of dispute, which is fueled by confusion caused through various authors describing and synonymizing species within this group. Thus, species delimitation and identification is a complex matter.

## Ecology

This species grows in elevations of 2000 m above sea level.

## Conservation

International trade is regulated through the CITES appendix II regulations of international trade.