OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Coldbrook Creek (Michigan)

Coldbrook Creek is an urban stream in Grand Rapids in Kent County, Michigan. Its origin is the outflow of Fisk Lake on the John W. Blodgett Estate, and the stream eventually drains to the Grand River. Although parts of the stream are now in underground culverts, there are significant possibilities for daylighting, and open streambeds appear in areas on the campus of Aquinas College as well as within Highland Park. Part of its course through Grand Rapids is parallel to the Grand Rapids Eastern Railroad.

## History

Ke-way-coosh-cum, known in English as Long Nose, and a signer of the Treaty of Washington (1836), was killed by Was-o-ge-nan at the place where the creek enters the Grand River. This may have been in revenge for his participation in the treaty. The creek has also been referred to as Blood Creek, because of this occurrence. ,
There was a grist mill run by the Lyman brothers on the creek, near the present day Plainfield and Leonard.
Coldbrook Creek, and its tributary Carrier Creek. were the source of the water for the first pumped water supply in Grand Rapids, Michigan. The pumphouse was located near the mouth of the creek at Coldbrook and Monroe.

## Flora and fauna

* Cole, Emma J. (1901). Grand Rapids flora: a catalogue of the flowering plants and ferns growing without cultivation in the vicinity of Grand Rapids, Michigan (digitized book). A. Van Dort. p. 1. Retrieved 26 December 2009. Coldbrook Creek Grand Rapids.

## Natural Status and Restoration

Coldbrook creek starts at Fisk Lake in the backyard of the Blodgett mansion. Except for a portion that runs through the campus of Aquinas College and within Highland Park, most of the stream has been made to run in culverts as the Coldbrook Drain.
# Noel Cringle

Noel Quayle Cringle OBE (16 December 1937 – 28 August 2021) was President of Tynwald, the legislature of the Isle of Man, from 2000 to 2011.
Cringle was born and raised in Ballabeg, educated at Castle Rushen High School and became a farmer and later an auctioneer (Central Marts Limited). Married to Mary, with two sons. He was an Arbory Parish Commissioner from 1964 to 1974. He was first elected a Member of the House of Keys in 1974 as a member for Rushen. He lost his seat in 1986, whilst Chairman of the Home Affairs Board, but regained it in 1991, continuing as a Member for Rushen until 2000. From 1996 to 2000 he was Speaker of the House of Keys. From 2000 to 2011 he was President of Tynwald, and thus a member of the Legislative Council.
He was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2008 New Year Honours. He died on 28 August 2021 at the age of 83.

## Governmental positions

* Member of the Executive Council, 1978–1981
* Chairman of the Board of Social Security, 1976–1982
* Chairman of the Home Affairs Board, 1982–1986
* Member of the Executive Council, 1982–1986
* Chairman of the Telecommunications Commission, 1984–1986
* Chairman of the Civil Service Commission, 1992–1996
* Minister of Education, 1995–1996

## Other positions

* Chairman IOM Sports Council 1982–1987
* Chairman Manx Music Festival 1984–
* Treasurer Manx National Farmers Union 1969–2000
* President Manx Harriers Athletic Club
* Trustee Colby AFC
* Life Member Laa Columb Killey
* Life Member Island Games Association
# Murdochville strike

The Murdochville strike was a mining strike on March 10, 1957, in Quebec, Canada, during the regime of Quebec premier Maurice Duplessis. It provided the impetus and inspiration for other labour leaders to emerge and future calls for labour rights to become vocalized.
One thousand copper miners struck at the Gaspé Copper Mines in Murdochville, Quebec, acquired by mining company Noranda only two years earlier. (Murdochville was named for Noranda executive James Y. Murdoch.)
It was publicly supported by Pierre Trudeau who, as a lawyer in 1957, stated on CBC television that the strikers needed the "whole force of public opinion" in order to win in their efforts. Trudeau called the Murdochville strike a "fight for recognition" and advocated for all trade unions throughout Quebec to show their solidarity and the economic influence they collectively possessed.
The strike failed and was called off in October. Duplessis's labour laws and action against strikers here and in the 1949 Asbestos strike have been cited by individuals such as Pierre Vallières as providing catalyst for the development of his own social and political consciousness and actions.
Gaspé Copper, a 2013 short film by Alexis Fortier Gauthier, was set against the context of the strike.
# Eddie Garcia (American football)

Eddie Ivan Garcia (born April 15, 1960) is an American former professional football player who was a placekicker in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the SMU Mustangs.

## Early life

Garcia was born in New Orleans, Louisiana.

## Career

Garcia was selected by the Green Bay Packers in the tenth round of the 1982 NFL draft. He spent most of his rookie year on injured reserve. He later played two seasons with the team. He played at the collegiate level at Southern Methodist University.
He holds the record for total fields goals made at SMU, with 44 (tied with Chase Hover).
On July 26, 2021, Garcia was voted on to the Packers Board of Directors.
# Nushagak River

The Nushagak River /ˈnuːʃɪɡæk/ (Central Yupik: Iilgayaq) is a river in southwest Alaska, United States. It begins in the Alaska Range and flows southwest 450 km (280 mi) to Nushagak Bay, an inlet of Bristol Bay, east of Dillingham, Alaska.
The Mulchatna River is a major tributary. Other navigable tributaries include the Nuyakuk River and the King Salmon River.
Jet-boats are commonly used to access these tributaries and the upper Nushagak. The Wood River, Iowithla River and the Kokwok River are smaller tributaries.
The villages of Portage Creek, Ekwok, Koliganek and New Stuyahok are on the river. The town of Dillingham (Pop. 2,466) is on Nushagak Bay.
The Nushagak River is downstream of the proposed Pebble Mine, whose tailings storage lake would sit at the headwaters of the Koktuli River, one of the Nushagak's tributaries. Villages on the Nushagak are among the major opponents of the proposal.
Five species of Pacific salmon (Chinook, coho, sockeye, chum, and pink) spawn in the river or its tributaries. Commercial, subsistence and sport fishing are important in the area. Most notable is the annual run of king (Chinook) salmon which occurs from mid-June to mid-July. Rainbow trout, northern pike, grayling, burbot, whitefish and Arctic char are also present in the Nushagak. It is estimated that over 50% of the world's production of wild salmon is harvested in the Nushagak River and the Bristol Bay area.
# Myra Colson Callis

Myra Hill Colson Callis (March 13, 1892 – 1979) was an American social worker, educator, researcher, and YWCA administrator, best known for her work on employment.

## Early life and education

Colson was born in Petersburg, Virginia, the daughter of James Major Colson II and Kate Deaver Hill Colson. Her father was principal of the Virginia Normal and Collegiate Institute. Her mother and siblings also worked in education; her older sister was educator Edna Meade Colson.
Colson graduated from Fisk University in 1915; she and her sister Edna both spoke at the commencement ceremony. She earned a master's degree in social service administration at the University of Chicago, with a thesis titled "Home Work Among Negro Women in Chicago." She was a member of Alpha Kappa Alpha.

## Career

Callis taught high school science in Virginia for several years after college. She began working for the YWCA in 1919, and held jobs at YWCA branches in Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Chicago between 1919 and 1927. She was the first African-American woman to earn certification from the national training school for YWCA secretaries. From 1928 to 1930, she was a researcher and instructor at the Tuskegee Institute. From 1930 to 1932, she worked with Carter G. Woodson on data for his The Negro in the Professions project. She was a social worker and researcher in Washington, D.C. in the 1930s and 1940s, specializing in employment and placement services for Black women. She also spoke on the topic to community groups and YWCA conferences. In 1935, she joined the faculty of the Atlanta School of Social Service.
After World War II, Callis was supervisor of household operations at the United States Employment Service (USES) in Washington. She retired from USES in 1951.

## Publications

* "Negro Home Workers in Chicago" (1923)
* "The Employment of Negroes in the District of Columbia" (1936, with Lorenzo Johnston Greene and Carter G. Woodson)

## Personal life

Colson married physician and medical school professor Henry Arthur Callis in 1927, as his third wife. Her husband died in 1974, and she died in 1979. Her papers are in the collection of Howard University. Her family's papers are in the Johnston Memorial Library, Virginia State University.
# Indústria Nacional de Armas

Indústria Nacional de Armas (INA) was a Brazilian firearms manufacturer.

## Background

In April 1940, the Brazilian Army officer Plinio Cardoso was in Denmark visiting the Dansk Industri Syndicat factory on an official mission, when the Germans invaded the country. Afraid that their submachine gun designs would fall into the hands of the Wehrmacht, the company handed the designs over to Plínio, who would return to Brazil and keep the designs safely away from Europe.
After the end of the war, the Brazilian officer returned to Denmark to return the designs, which began manufacturing the Madsen M-46 submachine gun soon after. In recognition of his work, the company granted him the rights to manufacture the weapon in Brazil.
Some models and first prototypes of the submachine gun would have been developed and adapted inside the IMBEL factory in Itajubá, in partnership with the engineer Euclydes Bueno Filho, who would join Plinio to found INA.

## History

In 1949, the Indústria Nacional de Armas S/A was founded in the Utinga neighborhood of Santo André. During the 1950s and 1960s, INA supplied thousands of M950 and M953 submachine guns to the Brazilian Armed Forces, which remained in use from 1950 to 1972, mainly in the Brazilian Army, where it was the standard weapon of use during this period.
The first model of the INA submachine gun (M950) was heavily criticized by the military at the time due to its quality. The original design had been changed to the .45 ACP caliber in place of the original Danish design caliber, the 9×19mm Parabellum.
It also developed two models of revolvers and a small pistol based on the Czech CZ-45. It was the first Brazilian firearms manufacturer to export products to the U.S. arms market, achieving great success with its Tiger revolver (exported to the U.S. market under the name Tiger), whose design was based on the Smith & Wesson Model 10 and used .32 S&W Long caliber.
In 1966, it released a new revolver model in .38 Special caliber (until then, restricted for the civilian market) and later, a model in .357 Magnum that would not have entered the production line. With the passage of the Gun Control Act in the United States in 1968, it had to develop several adaptations in its designs to meet the new North American gun laws.
After years of accumulating debt, a reduction in the volume of exports of its products, the replacement of its old machine guns in the armed forces by the new Beretta M12s, and an alleged influence of the military government to close the manufacturer, INA closed its operations in 1972, selling its machinery and factory to Companhia Brasileira de Cartuchos.
After the sale, the old factory was used by Companhia Brasileira de Cartuchos until 1983. IMBEL even manufactured 9mm caliber versions of the M950.

## Products

* INA Tigre revolver (.32 caliber S&W Long)
* INA .38 revolver (.38 Special caliber)
* INA Chanticler pistol (6.35mm caliber)
* Submachine gun INA M1950 (.45 ACP caliber)
* Submachine gun INA M1953 (.45 ACP caliber)
# Test harness

In software testing, a test harness is a collection of stubs and drivers configured to assist with the testing of an application or component. It acts as imitation infrastructure for test environments or containers where the full infrastructure is either not available or not desired.
Test harnesses allow for the automation of tests. They can call functions with supplied parameters and print out and compare the results to the desired value. The test harness provides a hook for the developed code, which can be tested using an automation framework.
A test harness is used to facilitate testing where all or some of an application's production infrastructure is unavailable, this may be due to licensing costs, security concerns meaning test environments are air gapped, resource limitations, or simply to increase the execution speed of tests by providing pre-defined test data and smaller software components instead of calculated data from full applications.
These individual objectives may be fulfilled by unit test framework tools, stubs or drivers.

## Example

When attempting to build an application that needs to interface with an application on a mainframe computer, but no mainframe is available during development, a test harness may be built to use as a substitute this can mean that normally complex operations can be handled with a small amount of resources by providing pre-defined data and responses so the calculations performed by the mainframe are not needed.
A test harness may be part of a project deliverable. It may be kept separate from the application source code and may be reused on multiple projects. A test harness simulates application functionality; it has no knowledge of test suites, test cases or test reports. Those things are provided by a testing framework and associated automated testing tools.
A part of its job is to set up suitable test fixtures.
The test harness will generally be specific to a development environment such as Java. However, interoperability test harnesses have been developed for use in more complex systems.
# Colliding Rivers

The Colliding Rivers is the name of the confluence of Little River into the North Umpqua River at Glide, Oregon, approximately 12 miles (19 km) east-northeast of Roseburg. It is known as Colliding Rivers because of the nearly head-on angle at which the streams meet, the only place in the state of Oregon where a river meets its tributary in such a straight angle. Prior to the point of the Colliding Rivers, the Little River approaches from the south and the North Umpqua has completed a sharp bend and intersects the Little River.

## Location

The Colliding Rivers is on the west side of the town of Glide, which is accessed off Oregon Route 138. Interstate 5 connects to Route 138 from the West and U.S. Route 97 from the East.
Route 138 has a rest area and viewpoint adjacent to the Colliding Rivers Visitor Center that includes a comfort station, plus several interpretive panels about the area and its natural phenomenon.

## Whitewaters

The Colliding Rivers area is a constricted spot of the two rivers because of several large rock formations. Within a 5-mile radius surrounding the Colliding Rivers point there are many straight river routes leading to several class 2 and 2+ pool drop rapids with frequent 2–3 feet standing waves.
# 1929 Navy Midshipmen football team

The 1929 Navy Midshipmen football team represented the United States Naval Academy during the 1929 college football season. In their fourth season under head coach Bill Ingram, the Midshipmen compiled a 6–2–2 record, shut out four opponents, and outscored all opponents by a combined score of 233 to 59.
The annual Army–Navy Game was not played in 1929 due to disagreement over player eligibility standards.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 28 | Denison | Thompson StadiumAnnapolis, MD | W 47–0 | |
| October 5 | William & Mary | Thompson StadiumAnnapolis, MD | W 15–0 | |
| October 12 | vs. Notre Dame | Municipal StadiumBaltimore, MD (rivalry) | L 7–14 | 64,681–71,000 |
| October 19 | Duke | Thompson StadiumAnnapolis, MD | W 45–13 | |
| October 26 | at Princeton | Palmer StadiumPrinceton, NJ | T 13–13 | |
| November 2 | at Penn | Franklin FieldPhiladelphia, PA | L 2–7 | |
| November 9 | Georgetown | Thompson StadiumAnnapolis, MD | T 0–0 | |
| November 16 | Wake Forest | Thompson StadiumAnnapolis, MD | W 61–0 | |
| November 23 | West Virginia Wesleyan | Thompson StadiumAnnapolis, MD | W 30–6 | |
| November 30 | vs. Dartmouth | Franklin FieldPhiladelphia, PA | W 13–6 | |
# Ocqueoc River

The Ocqueoc River (/ˈɑːkiːɑːk/ AH-key-ock) is a 34.2-mile-long (55.0 km) blackwater river in the U.S. state of Michigan. The river is located in the northeastern Lower Peninsula, flowing into Lake Huron in Presque Isle County. The river drains a watershed of approximately 94,394 acres (382.00 km$^2$). Along the river are the Ocqueoc Falls, the largest and only named waterfall in Michigan's Lower Peninsula.
Ocqueoc is a French adaptation of an Anishinabemowin (Ojibwe) term meaning "crooked waters".

## Description and course

The Ocqueoc River is the largest river entirely within Presque Isle County and drains several lakes, including Ocqueoc Lake, and receives a few tributaries, the largest being the Little Ocqueoc River and Silver Creek. The Ocqueoc River's source is in southern Bismarck Township at 45°13′15″N 83°55′45″W﻿ / ﻿45.22083°N 83.92917°W﻿ / 45.22083; -83.92917 approximately 10 miles (16 km) southeast of the village of Millersburg, which with a population 263 people at the 2000 Census is the largest community in the watershed.
Ocqueoc Falls are the largest waterfalls in the Lower Peninsula of Michigan with a drop of about 5 feet (1.5 m). The falls and the Ocqueoc Falls Bicentennial Pathway, which offers groomed winter trails and summer hiking trails, are a tourist attraction of Presque Isle County. The Ocqueoc River is one of the few rivers in the Lower Peninsula to flow north.
The Ocqueoc River flows through a limestone karst region, and some of its tributaries, notably the Little Ocqueoc, are not continuous on the surface but flow through subterranean systems for part of their course. The upper reaches of the river's watershed is swampy with cedar, tamarack, balsam, poplar, aspen and black ash common. The warmer upper ranges have more warm-water fish including sunfish, pike and bass, while the lower cooler part of the river has salmon and trout. Smelt dipping is a style of fishing used near the mouth of the Ocqueoc.

## Drainage basin

The Ocqueoc River drainage basin includes all or portions of the following townships and municipalities in Presque Isle County:
* Bearinger Township
Bismarck Township
* Case Township
* Millersburg
* Moltke Township
* Ocqueoc Township
A very small portion of the watershed is located in northern Montmorency County but contains no surface water.

## Named tributaries

Named waterbodies with direct surface flow into the Ocqueoc River system, from the mouth:
* Ocqueoc Lake
* (right) Orchard Lake
** Mud Lake
* (left) Silver Creek
* (left) Little Ocqueoc River
** (right) Fox Creek
* (left) Indian Creek
* Upper Barnhart Lake
** (right) McIntosh Lake
* Lower Barnhart Lake
** (left) Mud Lake
* Lake Nettie
** (left) Bullhead Lake
** (right) Lake Ann
** (left) Horseshoe Lake
** (right) Lake Emma
*** Moores Lake
** (right) Marl Bed Lake
# Shields, Indiana

Shields was an unincorporated village in Hamilton Township, Jackson County, Indiana. It is the site of the Shields' Mill Covered Bridge, a National Register of Historic Places-listed property.

## History

Shields was laid out in 1866 by L. L. and William H. Shields, and named for them. A post office was established at Shields in 1866, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1904.
# Parmu Nature Reserve

Parmu Nature Reserve is a nature reserve located in Võru County, Estonia. Its area is 990 ha.
The protected area was founded in 2006 to protect valuable habitat types and threatened species in Kiviora, Muraski, Parmu, Pupli and Ritsiko village (all in Rõuge Parish).
# Thomas Robson (politician)

Thomas E. Robson (1851–1940) was a Canadian politician from Ontario. He represented Middlesex East in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1900 to 1902.
In 1820, his English father immigrated from Cumberland and settled in London Township.
# List of postmodernist composers

Lists of classical composers by era and century :
| Medieval | (500–1400) |
| Renaissance | (1400–1600) |
| Baroque | (1600–1760) |
| Classical | (1730–1820) |
| Romantic | (1815–1910) |
| Modernist | (1890–1950) |
| Postmodernist | (since 1930) |
| 20th century | (1901–1999) |
| 21st century | (since 2000) |
| | vte |
Lists of composers by philosophical stance: Postmodernist composers

## Canada

* John Oswald (born 1953)

## Estonia

* Arvo Pärt (born 1935)

## Finland

* Kaija Saariaho (1952–2023)

## France

* Pierre Boulez (1925–2016)
* René Leibowitz (1913–1972)
* Olivier Messiaen (1908–1992)

## Germany

* Hans-Jürgen von Bose (born 1953)
* Hans-Christian von Dadelsen (born 1948)
* Heiner Goebbels (born 1952)
* Wilhelm Killmayer (1927–2017)
* Detlev Müller-Siemens (born 1957)
* Wolfgang Rihm (born 1952)

## Greece

* Iannis Xenakis (1922–2001)

## Hungary

* György Ligeti (1923–2006)

## Italy

* Luciano Berio (1925–2003)
* Aldo Clementi (1925–2011)
* Luigi Nono (1924–1990)

## Norway

* Marcus Paus (born 1979)

## Poland

* Henryk Górecki (1933–2010)
* Zygmunt Krauze (born 1938)

## United Kingdom

* Thomas Adès (born 1971)
* Harrison Birtwistle (1934–2022)
* Cornelius Cardew (1936–1981)
* Brian Eno (born 1948)
* Brian Ferneyhough (born 1943)
* John Tavener (1944–2013)

## United States

* John Adams (born 1947)
* Robert Ashley (1930–2014)
* William Bolcom (born 1938)
* Henry Brant (1913–2008)
* Earle Brown (1926–2002)
* John Cage (1912–1992)
* John Corigliano (born 1938)
* Morton Feldman (1926–1987)
* Philip Glass (born 1937)
* Steve Reich (born 1936)
# Comal Springs (Texas)

Comal Springs (/ˈkoʊmæl/ KOH-mal) are the largest concentration of naturally occurring freshwater springs in Texas. They are located in the city of New Braunfels and are the result of water percolating through the Edwards Aquifer formation.

## History

The springs were historically a magnet for the indigenous population of the region, often Tonkawas. The first Spanish explorer to visit the springs was Damián Massanet in 1691. The site was later home to a Spanish mission. Spanish settlers eventually called the site "Las Fontanas". The area has been home to a mixture of recreational and commercial endeavors, including Landa Park.

## Geology and natural history

The Comal Springs are fed by the Edwards Aquifer, a large karst aquifer that runs through most of central Texas. The aquifer consists of porous, water-bearing limestone features which channel rainfall and surface runoff from the aquifer's recharge zone down to various discharge zones, including the springs.
The Comal Springs are home to a variety of unique plant and animal life. One notable example is the fountain darter (Etheostoma fonticola). In addition to the association of groundwater availability with this locale along the Balcones Fault, the area is also considered an ecological dividing line for occurrence of some species; for example, the California Fan Palm, Washingtonia filifera occurs only at or west of Comal Springs, i.e. Balcones Fault zone.