OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1862 in animation

Events in 1862 in animation.

## Events

* January: In May 1861, Henri Désiré du Mont had filed French patent 49,520 for "a photographic device for reproduction of the successive phases of movement". In January 1862, DuMont explained his motives and ambitions in a demonstration for the Société Française de Photographie, stating that photographers already knew how to photograph subjects in motion, such as a galloping horse, but showed no interest in recording multiple images. He believed that series of successive images were much more interesting because of the harmony in lines and shadows, and because the captured poses of people would be much more natural. He therefore developed his patented stereoscopic and stroboscopic viewing apparatus and a camera that could capture the successive phases of movements with intervals of only fractions of seconds. He would attach the resulting images to the circumference of a cylindrical or prismatic drum, optionally bound together on a strip of fabric.
* May 28 The construction of the bell towers of the Santos Passos Church was initiated, a project led by Porto's architect Pedro Ferreira. The completion of the church was financed by earnings from the plays and magic lantern slide shows of the Afonso Henriques Theatre.
* Specific date unknown:
** In 1862, the French pioneering animator Émile Reynaud started his career as a photographer in Paris.
** The English inventor Peter Hubert Desvignes received an Honourable Mention "for ingenuity of construction" at the 1862 International Exhibition in London for his Mimoscope. He had created several monocular and stereoscopic variations of cylindrical stroboscopic devices, much like the later zoetrope. His device could "exhibit drawings, models, single or stereoscopic photographs, so as to animate animal movements, or that of machinery, showing various other illusions." Desvignes "employed models, insects and other objects, instead of pictures, with perfect success." The horizontal slits allowed a much improved view, with both eyes, of the opposite pictures.

## Births
### May

* May 26: Georg Jacob, German orientalist and Turkologist, (he produced scholarly research into the subject of shadow play. Shadow plays are considered a precursor to silhouette animation), (d. 1937).

### Specific date unknown

* Graystone Bird, English photographer, (much of Bird's most notable work, created during a peak period of his career in the 1890s and very early 1900s, involved creating pictorialist-style photographic images for publication-and-use as magic lantern slides. This was, at the time, a popular form of entertainment in private homes and public shows), (d. 1943).
# 1921 Belfast Duncairn by-election

The 1921 Belfast Duncairn by-election was held on 23 June 1921. The by-election was held due to the incumbent Ulster Unionist MP, Edward Carson, being appointed Lord of Appeal in Ordinary. It was won by the UUP candidate Thomas Edward McConnell, who was unopposed. The seat was abolished in 1922.
# Gustavus Brander

Gustavus Brander FRS (1720 – 21 January 1787), an English naturalist who came from a Swedish family, was born in London in 1720. He was brought up as a merchant, in which capacity he achieved success and became a director of the Bank of England.
His leisure time was occupied in scientific pursuits, and at his country residence at Christchurch in Hampshire he became interested in the fossils so abundant in the clays of Hordwell and Barton. A set of these was presented by him to the British Museum, and they were described by Daniel Solander in the beautifully illustrated work entitled Fossilia Hantoniensia collecta, et in Musaeo Britannico deposita a Gustavo Brander (London, 1766). Brander was elected Fellow of the Royal Society (F.R.S.) in 1754, and he was also a trustee of the British Museum. He was a founder member of the Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce in 1754.
Brander owned a manuscript of The Forme of Cury, one of the oldest medieval cookbooks, which was published by Samuel Pegge and presented to the Queen in 1790.

## Published works

* Brander, Gustavo (1766). Fossilia Hantoniensia collecta, et in Musaeo Britannico deposita [Hampshire fossils collected, and deposited in the British Museum] (in Latin and English) (1st ed.). London. 1766Brander.
# Georgios Sideras

Georgios Sideras (Greek: Γεώργιος Σιδεράς; born 30 May 2002) is a Greek professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Super League Greece 2 club Iraklis.

## Career

He joined Iraklis in 2024, signing a two-year contract.

## Career statistics

    As of 31 August 2024
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Panathinaikos B | 2021–22 | Superleague Greece 2 | 18 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 18 | 1 |
| Panathinaikos B | 2022–23 | Superleague Greece 2 | 24 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 24 | 1 |
| Panathinaikos B | 2023–24 | Superleague Greece 2 | 29 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 29 | 2 |
| Panathinaikos B | Total | Total | 71 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 71 | 4 |
| Panathinaikos | 2021–22 | Superleague Greece | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 2 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 72 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 73 | 4 |

## Honours
### Panathinaikos

* Greek Cup: 2021–22
# Holín

Holín is a municipality and village in Jičín District in the Hradec Králové Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 600 inhabitants.

## Administrative division

Holín consists of four municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
* Holín (335)
* Horní Lochov (52)
* Pařezská Lhota (102)
* Prachov (128)
# Anna the Prophetess

Anna (Hebrew: חַנָּה, Ḥana; Ancient Greek: Ἄννα, Ánna), distinguished as Anna the Prophetess, is a woman mentioned in the Gospel of Luke. According to that Gospel, she was an elderly woman of the Tribe of Asher who prophesied about Jesus at the Temple of Jerusalem. She appears in Luke 2:36–38 during the presentation of Jesus at the Temple.

## New Testament

The passage mentioning Anna is as follows:
   Luke 2:36–38 There was also a prophet, Anna, the daughter of Phanuel, of the tribe of Asher. She was very old; she had lived with her husband seven years after her marriage, and then was a widow until she was eighty-four.[*] She never left the temple but worshiped night and day, fasting and praying. Coming up to them at that very moment, she gave thanks to God and spoke about the child to all who were looking forward to the redemption of Jerusalem.
      * Footnote: Or then had been a widow for eighty-four years. (New International Version)
From these three verses in Luke, the following is known of Anna:
* She was a prophetess.
* She was a daughter of Phanuel.
* She was a member of the tribe of Asher.
* She was widowed after seven years of marriage (her husband is not named).
* She was a devout Asherite Hebrew who regularly practiced prayer and fasting.
Luke describes Anna as "very old". Many Bibles and older commentaries interpret the New Testament text to state that she was 84 years old.
The Greek text states καὶ αὐτὴ χήρα ὡς ἐτῶν ὀγδοηκοντατεσσάρων, generally translated as "she was a widow of eighty four years". The passage is ambiguous: it could mean that she was 84 years old, or that she had been a widow for 84 years. Some scholars consider the latter to be the more likely option, in which case she would likely have been around 105 years old.

## Church traditions and veneration

The Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church commemorate Anna as a saint, Anna the Prophetess. The Eastern Orthodox Church considers Anna and Simeon the God-Receiver as the last prophets of Old Testament and observes their feast on February 3/February 16 as the synaxis (afterfeast) following the Presentation of Christ, which Orthodox tradition calls "The Meeting of Our Lord and God and Savior, Jesus Christ". Along with Simeon, the prophetess Anna is commemorated on February 3 in the Byzantine rite of the Catholic Church.
She is also depicted in icons of the Presentation of Christ, together with the Holy Child and the Virgin Mary, Joseph and Simeon the God-Receiver. Orthodox tradition considers that Christ met his people, Israel, in the persons of Simeon and Anna.
# 1922 Newbury by-election

The 1922 Newbury by-election was held on 10 June 1922. The by-election was held due to the resignation of the incumbent Coalition Conservative MP, William Mount. It was won by the Coalition Conservative candidate Howard Clifton Brown.
# Kheyrabad-e Sani

Kheyrabad-e Sani (Persian: خيرابادثاني, also Romanized as Kheyrābād-e S̱ānī) is a village in Ben Moala Rural District, in the Central District of Shush County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 256, in 41 families.
# HMS Firm (1759)

HMS Firm was a 60-gun fourth rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched on 15 January 1759 at Blackwall Yard, London.
Her carpenter from 1775 was James Wallis, who had previously served aboard HMS Resolution with Captain James Cook on his second voyage to the Pacific.
She was on harbour service from 1784, and was broken up in 1791.

## Citations

* 1 2 3 Lavery, Ships of the Line, vol. 1, p. 177.
* ↑ Beaglehole 1959, p.874
# Gruson-Gewächshäuser

The Gruson-Gewächshäuser, more formally known as the Gruson-Gewächshäuser Magdeburg Exotische Pflanzensammlung, is a botanical garden located in greenhouses at Schönebecker Strasse 129 b, Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. They are open daily except Monday.
The garden was created by industrialist and plant collector Hermann Gruson, who upon his death in 1895 bequeathed his extensive succulent collection and 100,000 Marks to the city of Magdeburg. The greenhouses opened to the public in 1896, with a Victoria house added in 1910. The garden suffered severe damage in World War II, with virtually all glass broken, and the palm house completely destroyed. By the summer of 1945, however, its cactus and succulent house reopened, as did the tropical house. Other houses were gradually restored, with the palm house rebuilt in 1986.
Today the garden maintains 10 exhibition halls (4000 m$^2$ area) which contain about 3000 plant species from approximately 350 genera. Major collections are as follows:
* Cactus house - 400 cactus species, including a 150-year-old golden ball cactus (Echinocactus grusonii) named in Gruson's honor.
* Tropical Houses - tropical plants including banana, cocoa, guava, pepper, pineapple, rubber trees, and sweet potatoes.
* Victoria house - Victoria amazonica, as well as lotus, mimosa, rice, and sugarcane.
* Palm House (16 meter height) - many palm species and giant bamboo.
* Grusonian greenhouses - 400 species of bromeliads, exotic birds, and a dwarf palm tree.
* Fern house - ferns, some of which are more than 130 years old, as well as cycads.
* Mediterranean house - plants from the Mediterranean region, including camellia, citrus plants, fruit trees, laurel, and myrtle.
An annex contains aquariums and terrariums. The largest aquarium represents a river landscape with typical fish of the river Elbe. Collections also include Nile crocodiles, turtles, and piranhas.
# Haru no Hi

"Haru no Hi" (ハルノヒ, lit. "Spring Day") is a song recorded by Japanese singer Aimyon from her third studio album Heard That There's Good Pasta. It was released on April 17, 2019, through Unborde and Warner Music Japan, as her ninth single. The song was featured as a theme for the 2019 animation movie Crayon Shin-chan: Honeymoon Hurricane – The Lost Hiroshi.
"Haru no Hi" expresses the male perspective of Hiroshi Nohara, Shinosuke's father, which reflects love of Nohara family, beginning at Kita-Senju Station in Tokyo. The title "Haru no Hi" was delivered from Kasukabe (春日部市), a setting of Crayon Shin-chan. The accompanying music video, directed by Tomokazu Yamada at Izu Peninsula, was premiered on March 11.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Aimyon

## Personnel

* Aimyon – vocals, acoustic guitar
* Yoshiyuki Yatsuhashi – acoustic guitar, electric guitar
* Michihiko Nakanishi (Yasei Collective) – bass
* Ken'ichi Shirane – drums
* Yusuke Tatsuzaki – programming, other instruments
* Yusuke Tanaka – programming, other instruments

## Certifications

Certifications for "Haru no Hi" :
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Japan (RIAJ) | Platinum | 250,000$^*$ |
| Streaming |||
| Japan (RIAJ) | 3× Platinum | 300,000,000$^†$ |
| $^*$ Sales figures based on certification alone. $^†$ Streaming-only figures based on certification alone. |||
# Ho Chi Minh City University of Fine Arts

Ho Chi Minh City University of Fine Arts (Vietnamese: Đại học Mỹ thuật Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh) is a university in Bình Thạnh District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The predecessor of this school was the École des Dessins, founded by André Joyeux in 1913, which became the École des Arts appliqués de Gia Đinh (Trung học Trang trí Mỹ thuật Gia Định) from 1940 to 1971.
Under the administration of the Republic of Vietnam, from 1971, the school was upgraded to become Saigon College of Fine Arts. The Fine Arts College was founded in 1976. In 1981, the Vietnamese prime minister decided to found the university as it is today.

## Alumni

* Nguyẽ̂n Lam (born 1941)
* Đỗ Quang Em (1942–2021)
* Lê Hiền Minh (born 1979)
# Antwann Hill

Antwann Hill is an American football quarterback for the Memphis Tigers.

## Early life and high school

Hill attended Houston County High School in Warner Robins, Georgia. As a sophomore he threw for 3,663 yards, 40 touchdowns and three interceptions. As a junior Hill threw for 2,732 yards with 31 touchdowns to five interceptions, while also adding three touchdowns on the ground.

### Recruiting

Hill received his first scholarship from the Georgia Bulldogs prior to his freshman year. He was rated as a four-star recruit and received additional offers from schools such as Alabama, Auburn, Colorado, Florida, Florida State, Memphis, and Notre Dame. Hill committed to play college football for the Colorado Buffaloes under head coach Deion Sanders. However, soon afterwards, Hill de-committed and re-opened his recruitment. Hill eventually committed to play for the Memphis Tigers.

## College career

In 2025, Hill will compete for the Tigers starting quarterback spot.

## Personal life

Hill is the cousin of NFL offensive lineman Trey Hill.
# Kościuszko's Squadron

The Kościuszko Squadron (officially: Polish 7th Air Escadrille) was a Polish Air Force fighter squadron established in late 1919 by Merian C. Cooper, an American aviator who would go on to direct the film King Kong in 1933, then to advocate for McCarthyism in 1950s.
The unit was named after Tadeusz Kościuszko, and Major Cedric Fauntleroy became its commander. The squadron's insignia was designed by Elliot William Chess (1899–1962), an American pilot serving with the Polish Army during the Polish–Soviet War.
To encourage the recruitment of Americans of Polish descent, the Polish military set up a unit called the Polish–American Air Group.
The most famous successor to this original Kościuszko Squadron was the World War II No. 303 "Kościuszko" Polish Fighter Squadron (Warszawski im. Tadeusza Kościuszki), the most successful fighter squadron in the Battle of Britain.

## Formation

First formed after Poland regained independence following World War I, it consisted of a small group of American volunteers independent of the United States State Department or the American Expeditionary Forces. The fliers came from a number of militaries. Members included Ludomił Rayski (commander and of the Turkish Air Force), Jerzy Weber (of the Imperial Russian Air Service), Władysław Konopka , Aleksander Seńkowski (of the Austrian Air Service), and Ludwik Idzikowski (of the Imperial Russian Air Service).
One of the most famous pilots was Merian C. Cooper, producer of the 1933 movie King Kong, who was decorated for valor by Polish commander-in-chief Józef Piłsudski with the highest Polish military decoration, the Virtuti Militari. During World War II the Kościuszko Squadron was formed by refugee Polish pilots who joined the Royal Air Force and played an essential role during the Battle of Britain.
The Kościuszko Squadron emblem depicts the distinctive four-cornered Polish peasant cap characteristic to the Małopolska region with a peacock feather inside, set against a field of seven red vertical stripes on a white background (forming six white stripes as a result) from the flag of the United States, red and white also being two colors contained in both the Polish and American flags as well as representing the striped trousers of traditional małopolska men's folk dress. Behind the red cap is a pair of crossed war scythes. Thirteen blue stars encircle the badge, representing the thirteen original American states. The rogatywka cap and scythes commemorate the Kościuszko Uprising of 1794: ten years after General Tadeusz Kościuszko returned to Poland from America, and led a Polish insurgency marked by peasant participation (himself donning the traditional folk dress of the peasants in the region of Kraków, where the uprising was proclaimed) in an attempt to liberate Poland from Russia and Prussia. This later led to a mistaken belief that the simple to make polearms used by many footmen in the uprising were in fact actual scythes used for shearing wheat.
# Sarauer

Sarauer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Andrew Sarauer (born 1984), Canadian-Hungarian ice hockey player
* Nicole Sarauer (born 1986–87), Canadian politician
# Erik Ustruck

Erik John Ustruck (born January 4, 1985, in St. Louis, Missouri) is former soccer player for the Guam national football team. He played for Orlando City in the USL Professional Division before his retirement from club soccer in 2013. Ustruck was Director of Soccer Operations for Orlando City SC of Major League Soccer and General Manager for Orlando Pride of NWSL before departing professional soccer in 2021.

## Career
### College

Ustruck played four years at Santa Clara University, scoring eight goals during his collegiate career and fighting back from a knee injury during his junior year. Ustruck finished as Freshman of the Year runner-up in the West Coast Conference while earning All-Conference honors following his Freshman and Senior years. He was noted for his versatility and work ethic.

### Professional

Ustruck was drafted by the Dynamo in the third round of the 2007 MLS Supplemental Draft – a draft that he watched online with his friends – as the 39th supplemental pick overall. Though he played as both a forward and a midfielder in college, Ustruck appears likely to be converted to a right back or right-sided midfielder in MLS.
Ustruck made his full professional debut for Dynamo on 10 July 2007, in a US Open Cup third-round game against Charleston Battery.
He was sent on loan to Austin Aztex on June 16, 2009.
After returning from his short loan spell, Ustruck made his MLS debut, coming on as a sub in Houston's 2–1 loss to Seattle Sounders FC on the road in Seattle.
Ustruck was waived by Houston on March 24, 2010, and signed a one-year contract with the FC Tampa Bay on April 5, 2010.
After his contract was up for FC Tampa Bay, Ustruck signed a multi-year contract with USL Pro club Orlando City on March 18, 2011.

### International

He played several games with the Under-20 United States national team in 2004, but never made an official FIFA or confederation appearance for the senior team, so he is not cap tied to any National federation. He was also selected into the Guam National team preliminary squad for the AFC Challenge Cup qualifiers in February 2013. He made his debut for the Matao against Laos in November 2013 during the FIFA International friendly between the two nations.

## Honours
### Orlando City

* USL Pro (2): 2011, 2013

### Honorable Mention

* Three time runner-up at Small Town Showdown Hot Dog eating contest.
# Arsène Ade-Mensah

Arsène Ade-Mensah (born June 6, 1971) is a retired French professional basketball player who played as a point guard. His career featured successful stints with several top European clubs and notable achievements in French basketball. He won LNB Pro A Best Defender in 1996 and 1998.

## Career

Ade-Mensah began his career with Olympique Antibes during the 1990–91 season, where he won the French National Championship in the 1990–91 and 1994–95 seasons. He then played for Paris Saint Germain Racing from 1996 to 1998, winning another French National Championship in the 1996–97 season.
He continued his career with Olympiacos Piraeus in Greece during the 1998–99 and 1999–2000 seasons, followed by a season with A.O. Near East in 2000–01. Ade-Mensah concluded his professional career with ASVEL Lyon-Villeurbanne in the 2001–02 season.

## Achievements

* French National Championship Titles: 1990–91 and 1994–95 with Olympique Antibes; 1996–97 with Paris Saint Germain Racing
# Zbigniew Stypułkowski

Zbigniew Stypułkowski (26 March 1904 – 30 March 1979) was a Polish lawyer and politician, Member of the Council of National Unity. He was sentenced by the Soviets in the infamous Trial of the Sixteen in 1945.

## Biography

In 1944 he took part in the Warsaw Uprising. In March 1945, he was arrested by the NKVD and brought to Moscow. After 3 months of interrogations, he was sentenced to 4 months in prison in a staged trial of 16 leaders of the Polish Underground State held by the Soviet Union in Moscow. In August he came back to Poland. Fearing arrest, he escaped from Poland in November 1945.
The arrest, imprisonment, and trial of Polish leaders is described in his 1951 book Invitation to Moscow. The book was soon translated into French (Invitation à Moscou), Italian (Invito a Mosca), Portuguese (Convite de Moscobo), Spanish (Invitation a Moscou), Burmese and Arabic. The Polish version of the book was published outside Poland in 1951 (W zawierusze dziejowej). In 1991 the book was re-published in Warsaw. Hugh Trevor-Roper, professor at the University of Oxford, wrote that the book was "of unique value" and that "there is no other evidence known to me from which we can learn, as here, the psychology and method behind these Communist trials". He died and was buried in London.
In 1927 Stypułkowski married Aleksandra Rabska, a fellow lawyer and legal partner and later, a notable émigré political commentator and activist. They had a son, Andrzej, who also became an émigré activist in the United Kingdom.

## Selected bibliography
### Works available in English

* Invitation to Moscow (London 1951), with a preface by Hugh Trevor-Roper

## Cultural Depictions

The film, I Am Not Alone, depicts Stypułkowski's story during his incarceration at the Lubyanka prison.