OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Avions Fairey Junior

The Avions Fairey Junior, also known as the Tipsy Junior was a single-seat light aircraft built in Belgium following World War II.

## Development

The Junior was one of a series of light aircraft designed by and named after E.O.Tips of Fairey Aviation's Belgian subsidiary, Avions Fairey. Of wood and fabric construction, it was a conventional, low-wing monoplane with a tailwheel undercarriage and a single seat, open cockpit, though there was the option of a bubble hood. The constant chord wings were almost square ended and the tailplane, fin and rudder also angular. Both completed aircraft were initially powered by the 36 hp (27 kW) Aeronca JAP J-99 engine, later replaced by the more powerful, 62 hp (46 kW) Walter Mikron 2.
The Junior, registered OO-TIT, flew for the first time on 30 June 1947 from Gosselies in Belgium.

## Operational history

The first Junior was written off after a hard landing in 1948.
The second example (construction number J.111, registration OO-ULA) was bought by Fairey and taken to England in 1953, where it was registered as G-AMVP. In 1957, it was used in a publicity stunt when Fairey test pilot Peter Twiss landed it on the aircraft carrier HMS Ark Royal. For part of its time it had the bubble canopy. Rebuilt after a long time in storage following a forced landing in 1993, it flew again late in 2006. It had a minor landing accident in 2008 but had a permit to fly until May 2009.
The Junior did not sell, and the third airframe was cancelled before completion. It was purchased incomplete by Fairey in 1961 and has been under construction in the hands of a number of owners in the intervening years, but never finished.

## Specifications

Data from British Civil Aircraft 1919-59 Vol.II.
General characteristics
* Crew: 1
* Length: 5.65 m (18 ft 6 in)
* Wingspan: 6.9 m (22 ft 8 in)
* Height: 1.48 m (4 ft 10 in)
* Wing area: 10.5 m$^2$ (113 sq ft)
* Empty weight: 220 kg (485 lb)
* Gross weight: 350 kg (772 lb)
* Powerplant: 1 × Walter Mikron II 4-cylinder air-cooled inverted in-line piston engine, 46 kW (62 hp)
* Propellers: 2-bladed fixed pitch propeller
Performance
* Maximum speed: 174 km/h (108 mph, 94 kn)
* Cruise speed: 158 km/h (98 mph, 85 kn)
* Range: 430 km (270 mi, 230 nmi)
* Service ceiling: 1,800 m (5,900 ft)
# Ayres LM200 Loadmaster

The Ayres LM200 Loadmaster was a small cargo aircraft developed in the 1990s by Ayres Corporation largely for the needs of small-package carriers. In 1996, urged on by Federal Express, development was begun, designed to carry four demi containers. The aircraft was to be powered by a LHTEC CTP800-4T turboprop, which was composed of two CTP800s driving a single five-bladed Hamilton-Standard propeller through a combining gearbox. To support this development effort, Ayres acquired the LET aircraft manufacturing company in the Czech Republic in September 1998. In 2001, the company was forced into bankruptcy when creditors foreclosed on it, and the Loadmaster program was terminated.

## Specifications (LM200, as designed)

Data from The International Directory of Civil Aircraft, 2001-2002
General characteristics
* Crew: 1-2 (Aircraft was to have been certified for single pilot operation)
* Capacity: 9,000 lb (4,082 kg) of freight, or up to 34 passengers
* Length: 64 ft 4 in (19.61 m)
* Wingspan: 64 ft 1 in (19.53 m)
* Height: 23 ft (7.0 m)
* Wing area: 458 sq ft (42.5 m$^2$)
* Empty weight: 9,000 lb (4,082 kg)
* Max takeoff weight: 19,000 lb (8,618 kg)
* Powerplant: 1 × LHTEC CTP800-4T turboprop engine, 2,700 shp (2,000 kW)
Performance
* Maximum speed: 200 kn (230 mph, 370 km/h)
* Cruise speed: 150 kn (170 mph, 280 km/h)
* Range: 280 nmi (320 mi, 520 km)
* Ferry range: 1,630 nmi (1,880 mi, 3,020 km)
# Louis Francis

Louis Patrick Francis (May 24, 1923 - March 9, 1968) served in the California State Assembly for the 25th district. During World War II he served in the United States Navy.
Pinole, California has a park named for Louis Francis.
# Russell-Colbath House

The Russell/Colbath House is a historic house on the Kancamagus Highway in Albany, New Hampshire. It is located in the White Mountain National Forest, and is operated as a museum by the United States Forest Service. Built about 1831, it is the only surviving early homestead in the Swift River valley. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.

## Description and history

The Russell-Colbath House stands on the north side of the Kancamagus Highway, between the Jigger Johnson Campground and Oliverian Brook Road. It is a 1+1⁄2-story wood-frame structure, with a gable roof, central chimney, and clapboarded exterior. It has a symmetrical five-bay facade, with a center entrance flanked by sidelight windows and pilasters, and topped by a simple peaked entablature. The interior follows a center-chimney plan, with a small entrance vestibule, parlor spaces flanking the chimney, and a bedroom behind the chimney. A narrow space in the northeast corner includes both a kitchen space and stairs to bedrooms in the upper level.
The house was built in 1831-32 by Thomas and Amzi Russell, and is the only surviving 19th-century homestead in the Swift River valley. The Russells were among the early permanent settlers, arriving in the 1820s (failed settlements took place in 1805 and 1815). The Russells operated a sawmill on Oliverian Brook, and were part of a small farming and logging community in the immediate area, which constituted the best farmland in the valley. The house was owned by Russell descendants until 1930, after which it was used for a time as a summer residence. It was acquired by the Forest Service in 1961, which uses it as a museum and information center.
# Phalium fimbria

Phalium fimbria is a species of large sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Cassidae, the helmet snails and bonnet snails.

## Description

Shell size 80 mm.

## Distribution

Indian Ocean: Madagascar
# Pakistan Mint

The Pakistan Mint is the Pakistan's official maker of Pakistani coins. It is currently located in Shalimar Town, Lahore.

## History

The Pakistan Mint was founded in September 1943 as His Majesty's Mint when, during World War II, the British Indian government relocated mint operations from Calcutta to Lahore in response to Japanese bombing. After the partition of India in 1947, the mint was renamed Pakistan Mint.
In 2003, the Federal Investigation Agency (FIA) uncovered a Rs. 26 million fraud at the Pakistan Mint, implicating Mint Master Riaz Hasan Khan, Works Manager Raja Fayyaz Anwar, and Deputy Secretary Muhammad Younis. The probe was launched on the orders of the Lahore High Court after a complaint from the lowest bidder for supplying copper and nickel. According to the FIA, during 2001–2002 the accused colluded with a local supplier to award contracts at inflated prices, despite the mint's existing metal stocks. The inquiry found that they bypassed mandatory price comparisons with the London Metal Exchange, accepted substandard materials, and concealed procurement details. The FIA report alleged Riaz Hasan Khan received Rs. 5.5 million to favor a non-specialist firm, resulting in losses to the state exchequer and possible tax evasion by the supplier's chief executive.

## Products

Pakistan Mint has been manufacturing not only coins or currency for the state with denominations of 1, 2, 5 and 10. It also manufactures medals and awards for the Armed Forces, postal seals and stamps.
# Aïn El Hadid

Aïn El Hadid is a town and commune in Tiaret Province in northwestern Algeria.
15,482 Population [2008] – Census
441.0 km² Area
35.11/km² Population Density [2008]
1.5% Annual Population Change [1998 → 2008]
# Feltex Carpets

Feltex Carpets (originally Felt and Textiles Limited) is an Australian manufacturer of residential and commercial carpets.
The company began its manufacturing operations in Australia in 1921, as Felt and Textiles of Australia Ltd. The company was publicly listed and acquired by Australian and New Zealand carpet manufacturer Godfrey Hirst Carpets after going into receivership in 2006. Its well-known residential brands in Australia and New Zealand include Feltex, Redbook and Redbook green. Commercial ranges include Feltex Commercial, Feltex Woven Axminster and Feltex tile.
Henri Van de Velde became managing director of Felt and Textiles in 1924, holding the position until his death in 1947. During this time the company expanded its product range and opened factories in New Zealand and South Africa. Felt and Textiles expanded into New Zealand in 1929 with the establishment of a subsidiary in Wellington called New Zealand Slippers. A subsidiary of the company started weaving Axminster carpets in Sydney in 1938, the first time that woven carpet had been manufactured in Australia. The company also had wool-scouring mills and factories for processing cow hair for underfelts. By 1945 Felt and Textiles Australia and its subsidiaries were manufacturing carpet, many kinds of felt including "Feltex" moth-proof floor coverings, cotton wool and wadding, woollen clothing and slippers. During World War 2 the company made military boots and special hard felt for shell cases.
South African operations began with a slipper factory established in Durban in 1931, and by 1941 the company claimed that most of the shoes and slippers worn in South Africa were made by Feltex. Around 27 percent of the company's net profits in 1960 came from South Africa, where it had 3,250 employees.
By 1966 Feltex products were being sold in 49 countries. In 2000 Feltex Carpets became Australasia's biggest carpet manufacturer after it bought out US-based Shaw Industries but by 2005 the company was struggling and it went into receivership in 2006.
Factories in New Zealand were at Dannevirke, Feilding (closed 2009), Foxton (closed 2009), Kakariki yarn factory (closed 1997) Kakariki wool scouring plant (closed 2006), Gracefield in Lower Hutt, Riccarton (opened 1948, closed 2006) and Wainuiomata (closed 1997) and in Australia at Tottenham, Hallam, Braybrook and Brooklyn in Melbourne. In 1997 when the Wainuiomata and Kakariki yarn plants closed, the chief executive of Feltex Carpets stated that carpets made up 92 percent of Feltex's business while yarns was just 8 percent. The yarns business was struggling due to the high dollar, decline in hand knitting and less use of wool in fashion fabrics.

## Community activity

From 1970 to 1985, Feltex sponsored the New Zealand Feltex Awards, which recognised technical and artistic achievement in television.
# Tolbachik

Tolbachik (Russian: Толбачик) is a volcanic complex on the Kamchatka Peninsula in the far east of Russia. It consists of two volcanoes, Plosky (flat) Tolbachik (3,085 m) and Ostry (sharp) Tolbachik (3,672 m), which as the names suggest are respectively a flat-topped shield volcano and a peaked stratovolcano. As Ostry is the mountain's highest point, the entire mountain is often referred to as "Ostry Tolbachik", not to be confused with Ostry, a separate volcano to the north also on the Kamchatka Peninsula.

## Activity

Its eruptive history stretches back thousands of years, but the most notable eruption occurred in 1975, commonly known as "The Great Tolbachik Fissure Eruption". It was preceded by an earthquake swarm, which led to a successful prediction of the eruption by scientists from the Russian Institute of Volcanology. The eruption created several new cinder cones, and in terms of volume of lava emitted, was Kamchatka's largest basaltic eruption in historic times.
On November 27, 2012 a strombolian type eruption started from two fissures. Basaltic lava flows move relatively fast, and quickly flooded buildings 4 km away. The eruption continued for more than a month, as lava continued to flow from the fissures. Lava flowed up to 20 kilometers (12 miles) from the line of fissures on the volcano's southern flank. According to the Kamchatka Volcanic Eruption Response Team, the eruption ended September 15, 2013. Several lava caves were formed as a result of the 2012–2013 eruption.

## Mineralogy

The fumarole deposits of Tolbachik are rich in exotic minerals and, as of September 2017, 100 new minerals have been first described here including alarsite and tolbachite.
# Qingtoushan Formation

The Qingtoushan Formation is a Middle Permian-age geologic formation in the Qilian Mountains of Gansu, China. It is known for its diverse tetrapod fauna known as the Dashankou fauna, which likely dates to the Roadian, and includes some of the oldest known therapsids. This formation was previously erroneously named as the Xidagou Formation, a name which applies to otherwise Triassic strata in the northern Qillian Mountains. The formation is over 300 metres thick, and primarily consists of purple-red coarse sandstones, with minor purple mudstone.

## Paleobiota

| Color key Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon | Notes Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited. |

### Synapsida

| Genus | Species | Location | Material | Notes |
| Biseridens | B. qilianicus | | A well-preserved skull | An anomodont |
| Sinophoneus | S. yumenensis | | A single skull (GMV 1601) | An anteosaurid dinocephalian |
| Stenocybus | S. acidentatus | | A skull (IGCAGS V 361) and fragmentary jaw bones | Jr. synonym of Sinophoneus yumenensis |
| Raranimus | R. dashankouensis | Dashankou locality | A partial skull | A basal therapsid. |

### Sauropsida

| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
| Belebey | B. zhengi | | | | A bolosaurid parareptile | |
| Gansurhinus | G. qingtoushanensis | | | | A captorhinid | |

### Chronisuchia

| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
| Phratochronis | P. qilianensis | | | | A Chroniosuchid | |
| Ingentidens | I. corridoricus | | | | A Chroniosuchid | |

### Temnospondyli

| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
| Anakamacops | A. petrolicus | | | | A dissorophid temnospondyl | |
# Daimler Stahlradwagen

The Stahlradwagen (or "steel-wheeled car") was Gottlieb Daimler's second motor car.
After seeing Panhard's Daimler-designed V-twin engine demonstrated at the Paris Exposition of 1889 and inquiring into the engine's weight and power, Armand Peugeot expressed his interest in a lightweight motor vehicle powered by the engine. Daimler worked with Wilhelm Maybach to develop the vehicle. The tubular steel frame resembled two bicycles joined side by side and was made by bicycle manufacturer Neckarsulmer Stahlfabriken, which would later become part of NSU Motorenwerke. Water, to cool the engine, was run through the tubular frame.
The Stahlradwagen was demonstrated toward the end of the 1889 Exposition. Peugeot began building cars based on the Stahlradwagen design by 1890.
# Dallara SF14

The Dallara SF14 is a single-seater open-wheel chassis made by Italian manufacturer Dallara for the Super Formula series in Japan. It was introduced for the 2014 season and used until the 2018 season. For the 2019 season, the chassis was replaced by the Dallara SF19. It was the sole chassis used in Super Formula during these seasons, though engine competition between Honda and Toyota resulted in performance differences between the Honda and Toyota powered versions.
# Rutter Store

The Rutter Store is a historic commercial building located at 7346 Illinois Route 15 in St. Libory, Illinois. Merchant and German immigrant Heinrich Rutter constructed the building in 1849 as a general store. The building became a commercial and social center for St. Libory, as it house a variety of other businesses in addition to the village's main store. The St. Libory post office became part of the building in 1856 and remained there until 1990, when it moved to a new building. Rutter operated a hotel and a bar in the building from the late 1850s until World War I, and a doctor's office occupied the second floor during the 1870s. The general store closed in 1986, and the building was later converted to a restaurant.
The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 6, 1994.
# René Meléndez (footballer, born 1928)

René Orlando Meléndez Brito (born 29 December 1928 – 14 November 2002) was a Chilean footballer.
He is well known in the Chilean football for be a key player in Everton de Viña del Mar’s two first league title obtention as well as who obtained the 1952 league top-scorer award after netting 30 goals.

## Honours
### Club
#### Everton

* Primera División de Chile (2): 1950, 1952

#### Unión La Calera

* Segunda División de Chile: 1961
# UUM-125 Sea Lance

The UUM-125 Sea Lance, known early in development as the Common ASW Standoff Weapon, was to be an American standoff anti-submarine missile, initially intended to carry a W89 thermonuclear warhead. It was conceived in 1980 as a successor to both the UUM-44 SUBROC and RUR-5 ASROC anti-submarine missiles. The Sea Lance was to be available in two versions, known as UUM-125A and RUM-125A. The former would be a submarine-launched version, the latter surface-launched. It was cancelled in 1990 as its importance was obviated by the collapse of the Soviet Union.

## Design and development

In 1982, Boeing was awarded the main contract to develop the system, named the Sea Lance. By the following year, it had become apparent that developing two different versions of the missile was too ambitious, and further development of the RUM-125 was suspended. The RUM-139, a vertical-launch model of the ASROC, was developed as a stopgap weapon in this role.
The Sea Lance was to be housed inside a watertight capsule which could be launched from an ordinary 21 inch torpedo tube. The Mk 117 digital fire-control system provided targeting information to the missile prior to launch. After being fired, the capsule would float to the surface where the rocket would ignite and its fins would deploy. An inertial guidance system would direct the missile to the general location of the target. Initial plans were to have the surface-launched version operate in a similar manner: launched from the Mk 41 vertical launching system. When the missile reached the intended area, the payload would separate from the missile, then deploy a parachute to decelerate the warhead or torpedo. Both missiles were initially planned to carry a depth charge with a 200 kiloton W89 thermonuclear warhead. Such a yield would have given the missile a lethal radius against submarines of around 10 kilometres (6.2 mi). This massive warhead, combined with the fact that the target would be unable to detect the missile until the payload hit the water, made it virtually impossible for a target to escape.
In the mid-1980s, a conventional variant of this missile was proposed which would carry the new Mark 50 torpedo submarine-seeking weapon. This version was dubbed the UUM-125B.
A contract for the full-scale development of the Sea Lance was awarded in 1986. In 1988, it was decided to proceed again with the surface-launched RUM-125 version. The nuclear warhead was canceled in favor of a purely conventional missile. In 1990, the entire program was canceled as a result of the collapse of the Soviet Union. Today the U.S. Navy attack submarines do not have any long-range supersonic stand-off anti-submarine weapon, while U.S. Navy surface warships do have the new RUM-139 VL-ASROC.

## Gallery

* Sea Lance in-service capsule
* Depth bomb shell. The W89 warhead would be fitted to this device.
# Bankhaus Bondi & Maron

Bankhaus Bondi & Maron was a defunct private bank based in Dresden.
Founded in 1755 by Simon Isaac Bondi (1711–1773), who came from Prague and was appointed court factor in Dresden, the bank initially focused on the bill of exchange business and transactions for the House of Wettin. Starting in the 1830s, it shifted its focus to financing the wool trade and the textile industry.
In 1870, Joseph Bondi's (1818–1897) sister Cecilie, a granddaughter of the founder, married the Hanau banker Ignatz Maron (1842–1922), who then joined the bank as a partner and helped it to acquire the double name that it kept to this day. The bank flourished during the founding period, when the bank, managed by Joseph Bondi (1818–1897) and Maron, acquired a majority shareholding in the renowned Waldschlößchen brewery, among other things.
After Bondi's death, his son Felix Bondi took a role in managing the bank. Ignatz Maron's son Ernst married Isle Arnhold, of the Arnhold banking family.
When the Nazis came to power in Germany in 1933, the Jewish heritage of the bank's owners made their families and the bank a target for Nazi persecution. In 1937, the bank was taken over by Deutsche Bank as part of the "Aryanization" process of transferring business to non-Jews under the Nazis' antisemitic racial laws.

## Literature

* Simone Lässig: Jüdische Privatbanken in Dresden. In: Dresdner Hefte. Nr. 61, ISBN 3-910055-53-2, p. 86.
# Huangmaojian

Huangmaojian (Chinese: 黄茅尖; pinyin: Huángmáojiān; lit. 'Black Speargrass Peak') is a 1,930-meter (6,330 ft) mountain in Longquan County in southwest of Zhejiang province in eastern China. The mountain is the highest peak of Zhejiang and part of the Wuyi Mountains that have their bulk in Fujian province. Huangmaojian is an ultra prominent peak. The mountain is located within the Fengyangshan–Baishanzu National Nature Reserve.
# 1948 Niger by-election

A by-election was held in the Niger constituency of the French National Assembly on 27 June 1948, after the territory was given a second seat in the Assembly. The result was a victory for Georges Mahaman Condat [fr] of the Union of Nigerien Independents and Sympathisers.

## Results

| Candidate | Candidate | Party | Votes | % |
| | Georges Mahaman Condat [fr] | Union of Nigerien Independents and Sympathisers | 15,219 | 71.74 |
| | Djibo Bakary | Nigerien Progressive Party | 5,375 | 25.34 |
| | Ferron | | 396 | 1.87 |
| | Petit | | 225 | 1.06 |
| Total | Total | Total | 21,215 | 100.00 |
| Source: Sternberger et al. |||||
# Sielinko-Osada

Sielinko-Osada is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Opalenica, within Nowy Tomyśl County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.
# Siernicze Małe

Siernicze Małe is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ostrowite, within Słupca County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.
# Patricio Quiroz

Patricio Gerardo Quiroz Kong (born 24 January 1980) is a Chilean former professional football midfielder who played for clubs in Chile, Australia, Austria, and Germany.

## Career

As a youth player, Quiroz was with the Colo-Colo youth ranks for two years before joining Deportes Iquique youth system, taking part of the first team in 1998 thanks to the coach Jorge Garcés. In 2002, he switched to Coquimbo Unido in the top division with José Sulantay as coach, with whom he developed a close friendship. In his homeland, he also had a stint with Trasandino in 2009.
He spent most of his career in minor categories of Austrian football, where he came thanks to his fellow in Coquimbo Unido, Claudio Chavarría, who had played for Borussia Dortmund II. He also had a stint with German side FC Hammerau.
In Austria, he played for clubs such as SV Wals-Grünau, SV Anthering, USV Fuschl, SV Bürmoss, USV Lamprechtshausen, among others.

## Personal life

His son, Gianfranco, was born in Germany and was with the Universidad Católica youth ranks before emigrating to Europe and joining Austrian club VfB Hohenems.
# Riverside (Grandin, North Carolina)

Riverside, also known as the John Langdon Jones House, is a historic home located near Grandin, Caldwell County, North Carolina. It was built about 1860 and is a two-story, three-bay, brick, Greek Revival-style house with a rear ell. It features a center-bay, two-tier front porch with decorative woodwork. The landscape is considered a contributing site.
The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.