OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pătrașcu the Good

Pătrașcu the Good (Romanian: Pătrașcu cel Bun), (? – 24 December 1557) was a ruler of the principality of Wallachia, between 1554 and 24 December 1557, one of many rulers of Wallachia during the 16th century. A member of the House of Drăculești, he was the son of Radu Paisie.

## Reign

At the Porte's command, he goes with his army in Transylvania (1556) to restore John Sigismund who, together with his mother, Queen Isabella, had to withdraw to Poland. 14,000 soldiers flee the Carpathians, one in May, the other in July, and the great saint Socol brings the queen from Lvov. On 28 October, Pătraşcu himself was in Cluj, satisfied with the result - (to which Mr. Moldovan, Alexandru Lăpuşneanu). As silence was not yet fully restored, a new action was needed in Transylvania. Patrascu could not accompany the armies: he was ill - he was in May at Ramnic, for the air, and a doctor sent by Sibiu. On 24 of December 1557 he died. Some say that the voivode would have been poisoned even by the great governor Socol who wanted to become a ruler: that was not proven. However, it is certain that Socol, when Mircea the Shepherd returned, retreat with his son, Radu stolnic to Transylvania and took with him the coffers of the deceased: 400, 00 ducats. (Later, he promised 14,000 ducats to the Ambassador of France in Istanbul, only not be surrendered to Turks and then, killed). He governed in 1545-1557.

## Family

His wife was named Voica, a descendant of the boyars from Slătioare. They had a daughter Maria (married in February 1555) and three sons: Peter, who was later called 'Cercel'. Some historians consider Petru Cercel, (who ruled Wallachia 1583 to 1588), to have been the son of Pătrașcu. Michael the Brave, who ruled Wallachia 1593–1601, is considered by most historians to have been a son of Pătrașcu, while others believe that he invented his descent in order to justify his rule. The two alleged sons were painted together at an inner wall of a church at Caluiu. According to official chronicles of Mihai Voda, he would have had a postum and illegitimate son Mihai Viteazul, which was denied by newer historiography, starting with Nicolae Iorga.

## Death

On 24 December 1557 Pătraşcu died in unclear circumstances in Bucharest. Some historians suggest that the Voivode might have died as a result of poisoning even by the great saint Socol, who had himself thoughts of his own: it is not proven. It is only a matter of fact that Socol, when Mircea Ciobanul returns, takes refuge with his son, Radu stolnic, in Transylvania, taking with him the coffers of the deceased: 400,000 ducats. (Later promises 14,000 ducats to the ambassador of France in Istanbul, only to be taught to the Turks and killed). His domination was between 1545 and 1557. Vintilă installed by the army of John Voda the Brave in 1574 (but only four days) and Petrascu, from Cyprus Pătrașcu was buried at Dealu Monastery.

## Legacy

He was called "the Good" by historians because he had a peaceful reign, without any murdering of nobility.
# Hermann Hölter

Hermann Hölter (31 January 1900 – 5 May 1989) was a German modern pentathlete and Generalleutnant during World War II. He competed at the 1928 Summer Olympics. Generalleutnant Hölter served as Chef des Generalstabs (chief of staff) of the 20th Mountain Army. After the war he was held prisoner of war at Island Farm (Special Camp 11).

## Awards

* Iron Cross (1914)
** 2nd Class (18 June 1918)
* Wehrmacht Long Service Award
* Clasp to the Iron Cross (1939)
** 2nd Class (25 October 1939)
* Iron Cross (1939)
** 1st Class (14 May 1940)
* Finnish Order of the Cross of Liberty, 2nd Class with Swords (26 September 1941)
* German Cross in Gold on 17 August 1944 as Generalmajor in the Oberkommando of the 20th Mountain Army
* Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 3 May 1945 as Generalleutnant and chief of staff of the 20th Mountain Army
# Travels in Atomic Sunshine

Travels in Atomic Sunshine: Australia and the Occupation in Japan is a history book by Robin Gerster dealing with the Australian contribution to the British Commonwealth Occupation Force.
# David Gamrekeli

David Aleksandrovich Gamrekeli (Georgian: დავით გამრეკელი, 27 July 1911 – 29 November 1977) was a Georgian baritone opera singer.

## Biography

Gamrekeli was born in Chiatura, Western Georgia. In 1935, he graduated from the Tbilisi State Conservatory, studying under Professor Vronsky. That year, the young baritone sang at the Tbilisi Opera and Ballet Theatre the role of Prince Yeletsky from Tchaikovsky's opera The Queen of Spades. In 1937 in Moscow, Georgian Literature and the Arts of the decade, he performed Kiazo's role in Paliashvili's opera Daisi (Sunset). One year later he became laureate of the First All-Union Competition of Vocalists.
He sang the leading roles from Georgian and foreign operas at the Tbilisi Opera and Ballet Theatre. In 1943, he was awarded the title People's Artist. Gamrekeli performed as a soloist at the Bolshoi Theatre from 1944 to 1952. In 1947 he took the role of the Commissar (Sergo Ordzhonikidze) in Vano Muradeli's ill-fated opera, The Great Friendship.
Gamrekeli's opera repertoire included thirty opera roles, including Tchaikovsky's Eugene Onegin, Verdi's Rigoletto, the roles of Renato and Germont, Escamillo from Bizet's Carmen and others.
He died in Tbilisi in 1977, aged 66.
# Little Pine River

The Little Pine River is a 29.7-mile-long (47.8 km) tributary of the Pine River of Minnesota in the United States. Via the Pine River it is part of the Mississippi River watershed. The Little Pine River begins in the northeast corner of Crow Wing County at the outlet of Little Pine Lake and flows southwest to its junction with the Pine River in Crow Wing State Forest.
# M. americanus

M. americanus may refer to:
* Menticirrhus americanus, a kingcroaker species in the genus Menticirrhus
* Mergus americanus, a duck species, now a subspecies of the common merganser
* Merops americanus, a bee eater from the Philippines
* Metasiro americanus, a harvestman species in the genus Metasiro
* Monomitopus americanus, an eel species in the genus Monomitopus
* Morone americanus, a bass species
# Phosphorus trifluoride

Phosphorus trifluoride (formula PF$_3$), is a colorless and odorless gas. It is highly toxic and reacts slowly with water. Its main use is as a ligand in metal complexes. As a ligand, it parallels carbon monoxide in metal carbonyls, and indeed its toxicity is due to its binding with the iron in blood hemoglobin in a similar way to carbon monoxide.

## Physical properties

Phosphorus trifluoride has an F−P−F bond angle of approximately 96.3°. Gaseous PF$_3$ has a standard enthalpy of formation of −945 kJ/mol (−226 kcal/mol). The phosphorus atom has a nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shift of 97 ppm (downfield of H$_3$PO$_4$).

## Properties

Phosphorus trifluoride hydrolyzes especially at high pH, but it is less hydrolytically sensitive than phosphorus trichloride. It does not attack glass except at high temperatures, and anhydrous potassium hydroxide may be used to dry it with little loss. With hot metals, phosphides and fluorides are formed. With Lewis bases such as ammonia addition products (adducts) are formed, and PF$_3$ is oxidized by oxidizing agents such as bromine or potassium permanganate.
As a ligand for transition metals, PF$_3$ is a strong π-acceptor. It forms a variety of metal complexes with metals in low oxidation states. PF$_3$ forms several complexes for which the corresponding CO derivatives (see metal carbonyl) are unstable or nonexistent. Thus, Pd(PF$_3$)$_4$ is known, but Pd(CO)$_4$ is not. Such complexes are usually prepared directly from the related metal carbonyl compound, with loss of CO. However, nickel metal reacts directly with PF$_3$ at 100 °C under 35 MPa pressure to form Ni(PF$_3$)$_4$, which is analogous to Ni(CO)$_4$. Cr(PF$_3$)$_6$, the analogue of Cr(CO)$_6$, may be prepared from dibenzenechromium:
    Cr(C$_6$H$_6$)$_2$ + 6 PF$_3$ → Cr(PF$_3$)$_6$ + 2 C$_6$H$_6$
| Ball-and-stick model of [Pt(PF$_3$)$_4$] | Space-filling model of [Pt(PF$_3$)$_4$] |

## Preparation

Phosphorus trifluoride is usually prepared from phosphorus trichloride via halogen exchange using various fluorides such as hydrogen fluoride, calcium fluoride, arsenic trifluoride, antimony trifluoride, or zinc fluoride:
    2 PCl$_3$ + 3 ZnF$_2$ → 2 PF$_3$ + 3 ZnCl$_2$

## Biological activity

Phosphorus trifluoride is similar to carbon monoxide in that it is a gas which strongly binds to iron in hemoglobin, preventing the blood from absorbing oxygen.

## Precautions

PF$_3$ is highly toxic, comparable to phosgene.
# Rutka-Tartak

Rutka-Tartak is a village in Suwałki County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland, close to the border with Lithuania. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Rutka-Tartak. It lies approximately 28 kilometres (17 mi) north of Suwałki and 136 km (85 mi) north of the regional capital Białystok.
# Rezina Ahmed

Rezina Ahmed is a Bangladeshi diplomat and ambassador of Bangladesh to Portugal. She is the former High Commissioner of Bangladesh to Mauritius. She was the Consul General of Bangladesh in Milan.

## Early life

Ahmed did her bachelor's degree and masters in International Relations at the University of Dhaka.

## Career

Ahmed worked for BRAC, the largest non-profit in Bangladesh.
In 1994, Ahmed joined the Bangladesh Civil Service as a foreign service cadre. She served in the Bangladesh High Commission, Canberra. She has served in the Embassy of Bangladesh, Moscow, and Embassy of Bangladesh, Yangon. She was the Deputy Chief of Protocol at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Ahmed was briefly appointed Ambassador of Bangladesh to Myanmar in August 2017. She had served as the Consul General of Bangladesh in Milan, Italy. In May 2018, Ahmed was appointed High Commissioner of Bangladesh to the Mauritius. She was concurrently accredited High Commissioner of Bangladesh to Seychelles.
Ahmed was appointed Ambassador of Bangladesh to Portugal in June 2023 replacing Ambassador Tarik Ahsan. She presented her credentials to President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa in January 2024. She is concurrently accredited as the ambassador of Bangladesh to Cape Verde.
In October 2024, Ahmed was recalled to Bangladesh following the fall of the Sheikh Hasina led Awami League government.
# Arumugam Manthiram

Arumugam Manthiram (MUN-thee-rum; born March 15, 1951) is an Indian-American materials scientist and engineer, best known for his identification of the polyanion class of lithium-ion battery cathodes, understanding of how chemical instability limits the capacity of layered oxide cathodes, and technological advances in lithium sulfur batteries. He is a Cockrell Family Regents Chair in engineering, Director of the Texas Materials Institute, the Director of the Materials Science and Engineering Program at the University of Texas at Austin, and a former lecturer of Madurai Kamaraj University. Manthiram delivered the 2019 Nobel Lecture in Chemistry on behalf of Chemistry Laureate John B. Goodenough.

## Early life and education

Manthiram was born in Amarapuram, Tamil Nadu, a small village in southern India. He completed his B.S. and M.S. degrees in chemistry at Madurai University. He then received his Ph.D. in chemistry from the Indian Institute of Technology, Madras.

## Career

After working as a lecturer at Madurai Kamaraj University for four years, he joined John B. Goodenough's lab as a Research Associate, first at Oxford University and then at the University of Texas at Austin. Manthiram joined the faculty of the University of Texas at Austin in 1991.

### Research

Manthiram identified the polyanion class of cathode materials for lithium ion batteries, which are widely used in commercial applications. This is a class which includes lithium iron phosphate. He demonstrated that positive electrodes containing polyanions, e.g., sulfates, produce higher voltages than oxides due to the inductive effect of the polyanion. These polyanion cathodes are also used in sodium ion batteries.
Manthiram discovered that the capacity limitations of layered oxide cathodes is a result of chemical instability that can be understood based on the relative positions of the metal 3d band relative to the top of the oxygen 2p band. This discovery represents the theoretical underpinnings of the anion-redox energy storage mechanism and has had significant implications for the practically accessible compositional space of lithium-ion batteries, as well as their stability from a safety perspective.
He has identified the critical parameters needed for transitioning lithium sulfur batteries towards commercial use. Specifically, lithium sulfur batteries need to achieve a sulfur loading of >5 mg cm$^{−2}$, a carbon content of <5%, electrolyte-to-sulfur ratio of <5 μL mg$^{−1}$, electrolyte-to-capacity ratio of <5 μL (mA h)$^{−1}$, and negative-to-positive capacity ratio of <5 in pouch-type cells. Key technological advances for lithium sulfur batteries developed by Manthiram include the use of microporous carbon interlayers and the use of doped graphene sponge electrodes.
# Little River (Big Bay de Noc)

The Little River is a 3.7-mile-long (6.0 km) river on the Upper Peninsula of Michigan in the United States. It is a tributary of Big Bay de Noc on Lake Michigan.
# Benzylmorphine

Benzylmorphine (Peronine) is a semi-synthetic opioid narcotic introduced to the international market in 1896 and that of the United States very shortly thereafter. It is much like codeine, containing a benzyl group attached to the morphine molecule just as the methyl group creates codeine and the ethyl group creates ethylmorphine or dionine (used as a generic name for that drug just as peronine is for benzylmorphine). It is about 90% as strong as codeine by weight.
This drug, the benzyl ether of morphine, should not be confused with dibenzoylmorphine, an ester of morphine comparable to heroin. Another morphine ether developed around the same time, benzyldihydromorphine, saw some clinical use in the opening years of the 20th century. The ethers of morphine and codeine as well as dihydromorphine and dihydrocodeine number close to 100 and include such obscure opioids as formylallopseudoisocodeine.
Benzylmorphine is used in much the same way as codeine and ethylmorphine, primarily as a moderate strength analgesic, for eye surgery as a 1 to 2% solution, and as a cough suppressant. It was available in the United States prior to 1914 and was still used until the 1960s, but fell into disuse once alternative opiate derivatives became preferred by doctors (i.e. hydrocodone as an analgesic and codeine as a cough suppressant) Benzylmorphine is now a Schedule I Controlled Substance in the US and is regulated internationally under UN drug conventions.
Benzylmorphine is an active metabolite of the opioid analgesic myrophine, formed in the liver. It has a metabolic fate similar to that of codeine.
Benzylmorphine is used as the hydrochloride (free base conversion ratio 0.91) and methylsulphonate (0.80) and has a US DEA Administrative Controlled Substance Control Number of 9052.
# Gonzalo Puyat II

Gonzalo "Lito" Gil Puyat II (May 21, 1933 – January 7, 2013) was a Filipino sport administrator and politician. Puyat was the longest-serving president of the Basketball Association of the Philippines from 1968 to 1995 and was the president of FIBA for two terms from 1976 to 1984. Puyat later became an honorary president after his tenure as president of FIBA.
Puyat was elected as the city councilor of the 4th district of Manila in 1967. He became the minority floor leader in 1969 and was reelected as city councilor in 1971. Puyat was also elected as Manila's opposition assemblyman in 1984. After his term as assemblyman, he unsuccessfully ran for Mayor of Manila in 1988.
Puyat died on January 7, 2013, due to cardiac arrest. He was reportedly rushed to the Makati Medical Center due to an asthma attack.
# Cranagh

Cranagh (Irish: An Chrannóg) is a small village in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. It is in the Glenelly Valley, about seven miles from Plumbridge In the 2001 Census it has a population of 60 people. It is within the Strabane District Council area
# Alenia Aermacchi Sky-X

The Alenia Aeronautica Sky-X is a self-financed unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for demonstration and research purpose; on May 29, 2005, it became the first European-designed UAV in the over 1000 kg category to fly with success.

## Design and development

The roll-out of the Sky-X was carried out by Alenia in May 2003 and, after 18 months of development, it first flew at the Swedish test area of Vidsel.
After a first test campaign conducted with ground control in order to explore the whole flight envelope the development has focused on the autonomous flight systems, in particular the ATOL system (Assisted take off and landing), the collision avoidance, the precision autonomous navigation, the sight autonomous landing and attack and the autonomous formation fly capabilities. In 2008 the Sky-X demonstrated the capability of carrying out the join-up maneuvers necessary for in-fly refueling with an Alenia C-27J.
Thanks to the technologies developed for the Sky-X in 2005 Alenia Aeronautica has joined the nEUROn European program with a consistent development share.

## Specifications (Sky-X)

Data from
General characteristics
* Length: 7.8 m (25 ft 7 in)
* Wingspan: 5.94 m (19 ft 6 in)
* Height: 1.86 m (6 ft 1 in)
* Empty weight: 1,000 kg (2,205 lb)
* Gross weight: 1,200 kg (2,646 lb)
* Max takeoff weight: 1,450 kg (3,197 lb)
* Powerplant: 1 × Microturbo TRI 60-268 turbojet engine, 4.43 kN (1,000 lbf) thrust
Performance
* Maximum speed: 648 km/h (403 mph, 350 kn)
* Cruise speed: 482 km/h (300 mph, 260 kn)
* Service ceiling: 7,260 m (23,820 ft) +
# NWSL Championship Most Valuable Player

The NWSL Championship Most Valuable Player award is presented to the best player in the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL) Championship Game.
Tobin Heath received the first NWSL championship MVP award in 2013; she scored the opening goal of Portland Thorns FC's 2–0 victory in the inaugural championship game. In 2022, Portland's Sophia Smith received the championship MVP award the same season she was named league MVP. The most recent winner is Barbra Banda (2024).

## Winners

| Year | Player | Position | Nationality | Club |
| 2013 | Tobin Heath | Midfielder | United States | Portland Thorns FC |
| 2014 | Lauren Holiday | Midfielder | United States | FC Kansas City |
| 2015 | Amy Rodriguez | Forward | United States | FC Kansas City |
| 2016 | Sabrina D'Angelo | Goalkeeper | Canada | Western New York Flash |
| 2017 | Lindsey Horan | Midfielder | United States | Portland Thorns FC |
| 2018 | Jessica McDonald | Forward | United States | North Carolina Courage |
| 2019 | Debinha | Midfielder | Brazil | North Carolina Courage |
| 2021 | Aubrey Bledsoe | Goalkeeper | United States | Washington Spirit |
| 2022 | Sophia Smith | Forward | United States | Portland Thorns FC |
| 2023 | Midge Purce | Forward | United States | NJ/NY Gotham FC |
| 2024 | Barbra Banda | Forward | Zambia | Orlando Pride |

## Teams

| Club | Won | Years won |
| Portland Thorns FC | 3 | 2013, 2017, 2022 |
| FC Kansas City | 2 | 2014, 2015 |
| North Carolina Courage | 2 | 2018, 2019 |
| Western New York Flash | 1 | 2016 |
| Washington Spirit | 1 | 2021 |
| NJ/NY Gotham FC | 1 | 2023 |
| Orlando Pride | 1 | 2024 |
# Little River (Broad River tributary)

The Little River is a tributary of the Broad River flowing through Fairfield County, South Carolina, and forming a small portion of Fairfield's border with Richland County. You can find bullfrogs living in the "Little River".
# Boul'aos

Boul'aos (Arabic: بولعوس) is a town in Djibouti. It is located in the Djibouti region, just outside the capital.
# Argus As 292

The Argus As 292 was originally developed in 1939 as a small, remote-controlled unmanned anti-aircraft target drone. A short-range reconnaissance version was also developed. The success of the project led to the Argus Fernfeuer UAV proposal.

## Development

The As 292 was designed by Dr. Ing. Fritz Gosslau at Argus Motoren GmbH. Work began on the drone in 1937 at the Argus-Flugmotorenwerke (Argus aero-engine factory) in Berlin-Reinickendorf. Apart from Argus, two other companies were involved in the production of the As 292: Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Segelflug (German: German Research Institute for Gliding) supplied technical assistance with the airframe construction; C. Lorenz Company with the radio-control system. At DFS the drone was referred to as Model 12.
As a target for anti-aircraft gunners, the As 292 was given the designation of Flakzielgerät 43 (Flak-Target Apparatus 43). An earlier effort in 1937 at developing an aircraft-sized target drone, the Fieseler Fi 157, ended in failure.
The first As 292 made the type's first unguided flight on 9 June 1937. The first remotely-controlled flight was made on 14 May 1939. During flight testing, cameras were fitted to a prototype As 292. Testing of this Aufklärungsgerät (reconnaissance device) version started in early 1939 and first aerial photography was made on 2 October 1939. After successful demonstrations Argus received an initial production order for 100 As 292 aircraft in late 1939. Ordered aircraft were delivered in 1942–43. The airframe was of simple tubular construction; the high dihedral wings were removable for when the As 292 was being transported.
At least one As 292 was painted in overall red with white strips.

## Operators
### Nazi Germany

* Luftwaffe

## Specifications

General characteristics
* Length: 2.4 m (7 ft 10 in)
* Wingspan: 2.4 m (7 ft 10 in)
* Empty weight: 27 kg (60 lb)
* Powerplant: 1 × Argus Motoren GmbH , 2.2 kW (3 hp) 6–7 hp (4.5–5.2 kW)
Performance
* Maximum speed: 100 km/h (62 mph, 54 kn)
* Endurance: 30 minutes
Avionics
* 3 kg (7 lb) control system