OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Romainville

Romainville (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Seine-Saint-Denis department and in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France.

## Location

It is located 7.2 km (4.5 mi) from the center of Paris.

## History

On 24 July 1867, a part of the territory of Romainville was detached and merged with a part of the territory of Pantin and a part of the territory of Bagnolet to create the commune of Les Lilas.

### Heraldry

| arms of Romainville | The arms of Romainville are blazoned : Per fess azure and Or, a castle argent, open pierced and masoned sable, and an oak eradicated vert. |

## Population

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1793 | 1,011 | — |
| 1800 | 908 | −1.52% |
| 1806 | 1,035 | +2.21% |
| 1821 | 839 | −1.39% |
| 1831 | 1,012 | +1.89% |
| 1836 | 1,222 | +3.84% |
| 1841 | 1,672 | +6.47% |
| 1846 | 1,597 | −0.91% |
| 1851 | 1,499 | −1.26% |
| 1856 | 2,083 | +6.80% |
| 1861 | 4,289 | +15.54% |
| 1866 | 4,907 | +2.73% |
| 1872 | 2,044 | −13.58% |
| 1876 | 2,025 | −0.23% |
| 1881 | 1,854 | −1.75% |
| 1886 | 2,106 | +2.58% |
| 1891 | 2,106 | +0.00% |
| 1896 | 2,408 | +2.72% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1901 | 2,961 | +4.22% |
| 1906 | 4,472 | +8.60% |
| 1911 | 5,676 | +4.88% |
| 1921 | 8,087 | +3.60% |
| 1926 | 12,821 | +9.65% |
| 1931 | 18,449 | +7.55% |
| 1936 | 18,422 | −0.03% |
| 1946 | 17,022 | −0.79% |
| 1954 | 19,217 | +1.53% |
| 1962 | 23,494 | +2.54% |
| 1968 | 24,091 | +0.42% |
| 1975 | 26,260 | +1.24% |
| 1982 | 25,363 | −0.50% |
| 1990 | 23,563 | −0.92% |
| 1999 | 23,779 | +0.10% |
| 2007 | 25,563 | +0.91% |
| 2012 | 25,411 | −0.12% |
| 2017 | 27,567 | +1.64% |
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. :
Source: EHESS and INSEE (1968-2017) :

## Transport

Romainville is served by three station of the Paris Métro, which are Serge Gainsbourg, Romainville-Carnot, Montreuil-Hôpital. Also not far is Bobigny - Pantin - Raymond Queneau station on Paris Métro Line 5.

## Education

As of 2016 there were 1,147 preschool (maternelle) students and 1,637 elementary students in Romainville communal primary schools, making a total of 2,782 students.
Primary schools:
* Preschools: Marcel Cachin, Danielle Casanova, Charlie Chaplin, Jean Charcot, Youri Gagarine, Véronique et Florestan
* Elementary schools: Henri Barbusse, Marcel Cachin, Jean Charcot, Fraternité, Paul Langevin, Gabriel-Péri, Paul Vaillant-Couturier, Maryse-Bastié.
Junior high schools:
* Collège Gustave Courbet
* Collège Pierre-André Houël
Lycée Liberté, a vocational high school, is in Romainville.

## International relations

Romainville is twinned with:
* Casalecchio di Reno, Italy
* Pápa, Hungary
* Benfleet, England since 1962
# Robczysko

Robczysko is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rydzyna, within Leszno County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) east of Rydzyna, 15 km (9 mi) east of Leszno, and 66 km (41 mi) south of the regional capital Poznań.
# Rogal, Greater Poland Voivodeship

Rogal is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Koźminek, within Kalisz County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 15 kilometres (9 mi) east of Kalisz and 115 km (71 mi) south-east of the regional capital Poznań.
# Félix Gómez

Félix Gómez (born 1977) is a Spanish actor. He earned early success in Spain in the early 2000s for his performance in the television series Al salir de clase. He is also known for his performances in Amar en tiempos revueltos, 14 de abril. La República and High Seas.

## Biography

Born in Carmona, province of Seville, in 1977, Gómez had his television debut in the Andalusian regional series Plaza alta, whereas he landed his debut in a feature film with a minor performance in the 2000 comedy film Kisses for Everyone. He earned success and public recognition in his early career for his performance as Jero Ruiz in the television series Al salir de clase, a role played by Gómez from 2000 to 2002 for close to 500 episodes. He later had a main cast role in the miniseries Padre coraje.

## Filmography
### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2000–02 | Al salir de clase | Jero Ruiz | |
| 2004 | Los 80 [es] | Enrique | |
| 2005–06 | Amar en tiempos revueltos | Rodrigo Robles | |
| 2007–09 | Herederos | Jacobo García Orozco | |
| 2009 | La huella del crimen | Rafael Escobedo | 1 episode: "El crimen de los Marqueses de Urquijo" |
| 2010 | Raphael: una historia de superación personal [es] | Raphael | TV Miniseries. Young version of the singer. |
| 2011–19 | 14 de abril. La República | Fernando de la Torre | |
| 2014 | Cuéntame un cuento | Marko (dwarf) | 1 episode: "Blancanieves" |
| 2015 | La dama velata | Ludovico | |
| 2015–16 | Carlos, rey emperador | Fernando de Alba | |
| 2017–18 | Ella es tu padre [es] | Juan Carlos | |
| 2019 | Alta mar (High Seas) | Aníbal de Souza | |
| 2021 | La caza. Tramuntana | Ernesto Selva | |
| TBD | Señor, dame paciencia [es] | Carlos | |

#### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2006 | El camino de los ingleses (Summer Rain) | Paco Frontón | |
| 2007 | Abrígate (Wrap Up) | Marcelo | |
| 2007 | Las 13 rosas (13 Roses) | Perico | |
| 2008 | 3:19 | Eric | |
| 2010 | Agnosia | Vicent | |
| 2012 | Insensibles (Painless) | Adán Martel | Young version of the character |
| 2015 | Tiempo sin aire (Breathless Time) | Iván | |
| 2018 | Ibiza | Diego | |

## Accolades

| Year | Award | Category | Work | Result |
| 2008 | 17th Actors and Actresses Union Awards | Best Television Actor in a Secondary Role | Herederos | Nominated |
| 2009 | 18th Actors and Actresses Union Awards | Best Television Actor in a Secondary Role | Herederos | Won |
| 2025 | 4th Carmen Awards | Best Supporting Actor | Alone in the Night | Nominated |
# Farid Zarif

Farid Zarif (Persian: فرید ظریف; born 1951, in Kabul, Afghanistan) was United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon’s Special Representative and head of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK). In August 2015, he was promoted to the level of United Nations Under-Secretary-General and appointed as Special Representative of the United Nations Secretary-General to Liberia and Coordinator of the United Nations Operations in Liberia (UNMIL).

## Career

Zarif has extensive experience in diplomatic, international and United Nations affairs. During his diplomatic service, he served in various positions inside and outside Afghanistan, including as Permanent Representative to the United Nations in New York from 1981 to 1987; Deputy Foreign Minister from 1987 to 1989; and Presidential Adviser on International Affairs from 1989 to 1991.
Having joined the United Nations in 1993, Mr. Zarif has since served at Headquarters in New York as well as in political, humanitarian and peacekeeping operations in Eritrea, Liberia, South Africa, Iraq and Sudan in various capacities, including Chief of Section, Director of Division, Deputy Humanitarian Coordinator and Chief of Staff. He was appointed Director of the Europe and Latin America Division in the Office of Operations, Department of Peacekeeping Operations, in August 2010, and served as Acting Special Representative of the Secretary-General in Kosovo since August 2011.
Mr. Zarif graduated from Kabul University's Faculty of Law and Political Science in 1973, and entered the Ministry of Foreign Affairs the following year. After graduating with honours from the Afghan Institute of Diplomacy, he studied international relations and diplomacy at Oxford University in the United Kingdom.
# Mario Macea

Mario Macea (born January 27, 1982) is a Colombian defender who plays for Atlético Junior in the Copa Mustang.
# Miki Igarashi

Miki Igarashi (五十嵐 美紀, Igarashi Miki, born August 22, 1971 in Gunma, Japan) is a retired Japanese female long-distance runner. She represented Japan at the 1992 Summer Olympics, finishing in 14th place in the women's 10,000 metres. She set her personal best (31.45.82) in the event in 1994.

## Biography

* In 1988, she set a new section record of 19 minutes 31 seconds in the 2nd section (6km) of the East Japan Women's Ekiden
* Participated in the 1991 World Championships in Athletics in Tokyo . 16th place in the women's 10,000m final (32 minutes 44.62 seconds)

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Japan ||||||
| 1991 | World Championships | Tokyo, Japan | 16th | 10,000 m | 32:44.62 |
| 1995 | World Championships | Gothenburg, Sweden | 11th | Marathon | 2:34:34 |
# Gasparia kaiangaroa

Gasparia kaiangaroa is a species of Toxopidae spider that is endemic to New Zealand.

## Taxonomy

This species was described in 1970 by Ray Forster from a male specimen. The holotype is stored in Otago Museum.

## Description

The male is recorded at 3.52mm in length. The carapace is coloured reddish brown with pale markings. The legs are pale yellow brown. The abdomen is creamy with black markings dorsally.

## Distribution

This species is only known from Chatham Island, New Zealand.

## Conservation status

Under the New Zealand Threat Classification System, this species is listed as "Data Deficient" with the qualifiers of "Data Poor: Size", "Data Poor: Trend" and "One Location".
# 1992 Niuean constitutional referendum

A constitutional referendum was held in Niue on 13 June 1992. The proposed amendments to the constitution were the first since the country's original constitution was approved in a 1974 referendum. The changes were approved by 70.4% of voters, and came into force on 1 July.

## Proposed changes

The changes to the constitution included the introduction of the Niuean High Court and Court of Appeal, replacing the use of the equivalent courts in New Zealand. The reforms also abolished the Niue Land Court and the Niue Land Appeal Court, instead creating a Land Division in the new High Court.
Qualifications for political candidates were amended to require New Zealand citizenship. It also removed article 31, a requirement for the Chief Justice to approve any legislative proposal that would affect criminal law or personal status. This effectively removed the human rights element of the constitution.

## Results

| Choice | Choice | Votes | % |
| For | For | 604 | 70.40 |
| Against | Against | 254 | 29.60 |
| Total | Total | 858 | 100.00 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 858 | 96.30 |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 33 | 3.70 |
| Total votes | Total votes | 891 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 1,036 | 86.00 |
| Source: Niue: Review of Constitution ||||

## Aftermath

Following the approval of the changes, there was subsequent criticism that the individual changes should have been voted on separately, as well as of the removal of article 31.
# Paul Vogel (American football)

Paul Richard Vogel (born February 2, 1961) is a former American football linebacker who played for the Houston Oilers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at University of South Carolina.
# Little Town Flirt (album)

Little Town Flirt is the third studio album by American rock and roll singer-songwriter Del Shannon, released in June 1963 by Bigtop Records. His final album for the label, it features the singles "Two Kinds of Teardrops" and "Little Town Flirt". They peaked at numbers 50 and 12, respectively, on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart, number 55, and 12, on the Cashbox Single Charts in the United States, and numbers 5 and 4, respectively, in the United Kingdom.
Little Town Flirt included multiple cover songs, including "Dream Baby", "Go Away Little Girl", and "Runaround Sue". It also included Del Shannon's second U.S. top five hit, "Hats off to Larry".
The album debuted on the Billboard Top LPs chart in the issue dated June 22, 1963, and remained on the album chart for 26 weeks, peaking at No. 12, his highest position had achieved on that chart. It reached No. 19 on the Cashbox albums chart, where it stayed for 22 weeks.
The album was released on Compact Disc by Beat Goes On on August 25, 1998, paired with Shannon's 1964 album Handy Man. Bear Family included also the album in the 2004 Home and Away box set. Edsel Records included the album in the 2023 Stranger in Town: A Del Shannon Compendium box set.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Encyclopedia of Popular Music | |
| New Record Mirror | |
Billboard in its Spotlight of the Week album reviews, "saying the title track is included with "a flock of his other winners".
Cashbox described the album as a "teen-angled dancing and listening disk."
New Record Mirror called it "excellent album" and stated that "A few other hits will be noticed if you scan the title list. Undoubtedly another winner as Del is in top form".
Richie Unterberger of AllMusic noted that "Half of the songs on Shannon's second album [...] are on Greatest Hits. These are also the best and most popular songs on Little Town Flirt, which is filled out with competent but unremarkable covers of early '60s hits [...] That means that everyone except Shannon collectors should head to Greatest Hits instead."

## Track listing
### Side one

All tracks are written by Del Shannon unless otherwise stated.

### Side two
## Charts
### Album

| Chart (1963) | Peak position |
| U.S. Top LPs (Billboard) | 12 |
| U.S. Cashbox | 19 |

### Singles

| Year | Title | US Hot 100 | UK Charts | US Cashbox |
| 1963 | "Two Kinds of Teardrops" | 50 | 5 | 55 |
| 1963 | "Little Town Flirt" | 12 | 4 | 11 |
# Santa Rosa District, Lima

Santa Rosa is a district of Lima Province, Peru. Officially established as a district on February 6, 1962. It borders the Ancón District to the north and the east, the Pacific Ocean on the west, and the Ventanilla District on the south.

## History

The district of Santa Rosa was created on February 6, 1962, by Law No. 13982 signed by president Manuel Prado Ugarteche.
It is the district most visited by tourists in Lima North, and the headquarters of more than 500 companies, mostly in the field of transport, restaurants, advertising, internet, real estate and hotels.

## Geography

The district has a total land area of 21.5 km$^2$. Its administrative center is located 79 meters above sea level.

### Boundaries

* North and East: Ancón
* South: Ventanilla (in the Callao Region)
* West: Pacific Ocean

## Demographics

Santa Rosa is the sixth least populated district of Lima with 18,751 inhabitants, only surpassed by Pucusana (17,786), Punta Negra (8,271), San Bartolo (7,989), Punta Hermosa (7,895), and Santa María del Mar (1,675).
11% of the inhabitants are children under 5 years of age. 11.8% are from 6 to 11 years old, and 11.2% are from 12 to 17 years old.

## Tourist sites

* Playa Grande, the only archaeological beach in Peru.
* Club de la Union.
# James Punch

James Punch was a Canadian politician in British Columbia. He was the mayor of Surrey, British Columbia from 1888 to 1890, and was elected to the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 1890 to 1894. Punch attempted to be re-elected in 1894 but was unsuccessful. Alongside his political career, Punch was a prominent businessman in Brownsville and was the proprietor of the Brownsville Hotel from 1882 to 1897.

## Electoral record

vte1890 British Columbia general election: Westminster :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | Elected |
| | Government | John Robson | 506 | 17.66 | Y |
| | Opposition | Thomas Edwin Kitchen | 503 | 17.55 | Y |
| | Independent | James Punch | 484 | 16.89 | Y |
| | Independent | Colin Buchanan Sword | 461 | 16.08 |
| | Government | John A. Kirkland | 420 | 14.65 |
| | Government | John Calvin Henderson | 349 | 12.18 |
| | Independent | Arthur Herring | 81 | 2.83 |
| | Opposition | Marshall Sinclair | 62 | 2.16 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 2,866 | 100.00 |
| Source: Elections BC |||||||
| Note: Robson also won the seat of Cariboo in the 1890 general election, and resigned his Westminster seat prior to the first session of the new legislature. |||||||
1894 British Columbia general election: Westminster-Delta :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | Elected |
| | Opposition | Thomas William Forster | 545 | 63.23 | Y |
| | Government | James Punch | 317 | 36.77 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 862 | 100.00 |
| Source: Elections BC |||||||
# United States v. E. C. Knight Co.

United States v. E. C. Knight Co., 156 U.S. 1 (1895), also known as the "Sugar Trust Case," was a United States Supreme Court antitrust case that severely limited the federal government's power to pursue antitrust actions under the Sherman Antitrust Act. In Chief Justice Melville Fuller's majority opinion, the Court held that the U.S. Congress could not regulate manufacturing and thus gave state governments the sole power to take legal action against manufacturing monopolies. The case has never been overruled, but in Swift & Co. v. United States and subsequent cases, the Court has held that Congress can regulate manufacturing when it affects interstate commerce.

## The case

In 1892, the American Sugar Refining Company gained control of the E. C. Knight Company and several others, which resulted in a 98% monopoly of the American sugar refining industry. U.S. President Grover Cleveland, in his second term of office (1893–1897), directed the national government to sue the Knight Company under the provisions of the Sherman Antitrust Act to prevent the acquisition. The question the court had to answer was, "could the Sherman Antitrust Act suppress a monopoly in the manufacture of a good, as well as its distribution?"

## The decision

The court's 8–1 decision, handed down on January 21, 1895 and written by Chief Justice Melville Weston Fuller, went against the government. Justice John Marshall Harlan dissented.
The Court held "that the result of the transaction was the creation of a monopoly in the manufacture of a necessary of life" but ruled that it "could not be suppressed under the provisions of the act."
The Court ruled that manufacturing, in this case, refining, was a local activity, not subject to congressional regulation of interstate commerce. Fuller wrote:
   That which belongs to commerce is within the jurisdiction of the United States, but that which does not belong to commerce is within the jurisdiction of the police power of the State. . . . Doubtless the power to control the manufacture of a given thing involves in a certain sense the control of its disposition, but . . . affects it only incidentally and indirectly.
The decision required any action against manufacturing monopolies to be taken by individual states. The ruling prevailed until the end of the 1930s, when the Court took a different position on the federal government's power to regulate the economy.
In his dissent, Harlan argued "the doctrine of the autonomy of the states cannot properly be invoked to justify a denial of power in the national government to meet such an emergency." He continued to argue the Constitution gives Congress "authority to enact all laws necessary and proper" to regulate commerce and cited McCulloch v. Maryland. .

## Later developments

Although the decision was never expressly overturned, the Court later retreated from its position in a series of cases such as Swift and Company v. United States, which have defined various steps of the manufacturing process as part of commerce. Eventually, E.C. Knight came to be a precedent narrowed to its precise facts, with no other force.
# Goetsch–Winckler House

The Goetsch–Winckler House is a building that was designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, built in 1940. It is located at 2410 Hulett Road, Okemos, Michigan. The house is an example of Wright's later Usonian architectural style, and it is considered to be one of the most elegant. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1995 and is #95001423.

## History

In the 1930s eight professors from Michigan State University in East Lansing, Michigan, formed a co-op and bought a 40-acre (16 ha) tract of land in neighboring Okemos. Two of them, Alma Goetsch and Kathrine Winckler, approached Wright asking him to design a community for them. Wright's concept, derived from the Broadacre City plan, was to be known as Usonia I. The community was to consist of seven houses and a caretaker's cottage surrounding a common farm, orchard, and fish pond. Access to the houses was by a U-shaped road around the farm, with each house at the end of a long driveway and each with a private garden. Although the design of each house varied, they did share common features such as flat roofs, accentuated horizontal lines, and simple massing. Due to lack of financing, the project collapsed, and only the Goetsch–Winckler House was built on a different site.
After World War II, Wright designed houses separately for several other co-op members, although the only design that was built was for Erling P. Brauner, also in Okemos, less than a mile and a half from Goetsch–Winckler House.

## Design

One of Wright's earliest Usonian homes, at 1,350 sq ft (125 m$^2$) the house is an "in-line Usonian", literally a house built in a straight line. The carport, living room, dining room, kitchen and bedrooms all form rectangular spaces that slide past each other. The living room takes up most of the house, with a chimney at one end in front of a workspace. At the opposite end, two bedrooms, separated by a bathroom, open out on to a veranda. The workspace exemplifies the Usonian interior, with its clerestory windows supplementing a bank of full length casement windows on the adjacent wall. Despite its small size the house seems large due to built-in furniture and shelves. Built-ins include the dining room table, a seat by the fireplace, a bar, a desk and bookcase in the workspace, as well as numerous storage spaces.