OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bulgae

Bulgae or pulgae (Korean: 불개; lit. fire dog) refers to the mythical fire dogs in Korean mythology. They come from the kingdom of darkness and always chase the Sun and Moon, causing eclipses when they bite both the celestial bodies. Bulgae are strong and fierce dogs or hairy dogs which are likely to be the indigenous Korean dog breed Sapsali, which means "ghost chasing dog".

## Myth

In Korean mythology, the cosmological narratives and legends such as the Isik, Wolsik legend, explain the eclipse phenomenon with the Bulgae dogs.
According to the myth recorded in the Hangug-ui seolwo (Folk Myths from Korea), there were many realms of heaven. One of them, the kingdom of darkness, was called Gamangnara, the Dark World. The king of Gamangnara was concerned and weary with the darkness and desired the light of the Sun and Moon for his kingdom. He sent one of the gigantic fiery hounds, the Bulgae, belonging to one of his dark world subjects, to chase the Sun and bring it to his realm. However, when the Bulgae tried to bite the Sun, the Sun was too hot, which made the dog unable to hold on to it, resulting in him giving up, and running back to the king. This failed attempt made the king angry since he could not have the Sun. In another attempt to get rid of the darkness he sent another more ruthless dog to steal the Moon. When the Bulgae tried to carry the Moon in its mouth, the Moon was so cold, that the mouth of the dog was icy and frozen, and caused the Bulgae to drop the Moon from its mouth. The Bulgae tried many times and many different ways to grab the Moon in its mouth, but eventually also gave up and ran back to the king in disappointment. The king never gave up this mission though. He continued to send fire dogs that were fiercer than the others, but none were able to collect the Sun and Moon. According to the Korean eclipse belief, during a solar eclipse or lunar eclipse, the dark sections are the parts where the dogs are biting. When the eclipses are over, the dogs have given up and run away back to Gamangnara.

## Dog breed

In South Korea, in the Daegu-Gyeongbuk province, an ancient, nearly extinct breed of dog is called Bulgae. The name of this breed refers to its resemblance of the mythical dog beasts, with its completely reddish-maroon coat and nails, amber-colored nose and amber-colored eyes. The dog looks very much like the Jindo spitz dog breed, with the curled bushy tail and pointy ears, just with the exception of the deep maroon coat. The looks are archaic and suggest some relation to Jindos and Inu Shibas. The average height of Bulgae would be 50–55 cm at the withers and average weight ranging from 15 to 25 kg. In the 1990s, this dog breed was threatened by extinction due to the Korean dog meat cuisine. In 2012, the breed was saved from complete annihilation by the efforts of Dongyang University, researching and rebreeding the 20 last individual dogs. On June 30, 2024, Jeongeup Boolgae (정읍 불개) was registered as a native resource in the Food and Agriculture Organization's Domestic Animal Diversity Information System (DAD-IS).
# Tygarts Creek

Tygarts Creek is a tributary of the Ohio River in Carter and Greenup counties of northeastern Kentucky in the United States. It is 88 miles (142 km) long and drains an area of 339.6 square miles (880 km$^2$). Via the Ohio, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River. Tygarts Creek is named for early Kentucky explorer Michael Tygart, who eventually drowned in the creek, somewhere near the mouth.
Tygarts Creek is formed in southwestern Carter County by the confluence of minor tributaries, Upper Tygart Branch and Flat Fork. It is joined a few miles down stream by the larger tributary known as Soldier Fork. Tygarts Creek flows generally north-northeastwardly past Olive Hill and Carter Caves State Park into Greenup County, where it flows into the Ohio River at the city of South Shore.
At its mouth, Tygarts Creek's mean annual discharge is 418.3 cubic feet per second (11.84 m$^3$/s).
# Rathakara

Rathakāra or the Chariot maker is mentioned in several Hindu scriptures such as Rigveda, Yajurveda, Atharvaveda, Saṃhitas etc. There are various types of Rathakāras mentioned in the texts, whose social status was not uniform, some enjoyed a very high status and some were degraded. Recent inscriptions found by Archeological department says Rathakaras are artisans, who were born out of Anuloma and Pratiloma.

## Inscriptions

Some inscriptions refers to artisans as Rathakara and are said to have been born as Anuloma and Pratiloma. Anulomas are described as those who were the sons of high caste father and a low caste mother whereas Pratilomas means the sons of low caste father and a high caste mother.

## Niṣādapati

The Rathakāra's ways of earning a livelihood are stated as comprising chariots, carts and the like.

## Other scriptures

According to some doctrines these Rathakāras have no right to take part in any of the sacrifices as they are degraded to Śudra. A Śudra is not initiated to Vedic studies hence no Upanayana, as the sacrificer has to know Vedas, hence Śudra cannot participate in any kind of Yajña. Baudhāyana on the other hand admits this degraded Rathakāra to the ceremony of Upanayana, according to him fallen Rathakāra ought to perform this ceremony the rainy season. But some text mention that even a Śudra was allowed to participate in few sacrifices, and was even entitled to perform certain sacrifices like Pākayajñas, Śradhayajñas. But they were not entitled to perform the sacrifices which were strictly vedic. Sage Jaimini mentions another Rathakāra whose social status is inferior to Vaiśya but superior to that of a Śudra, and calls them Saudhavanas.
# Van Duzen River

The Van Duzen River is a river on the north coast of California. It is a major tributary of the Eel River and drains 429 square miles (1,110 km$^2$), mostly in Humboldt County, with a small portion in Trinity County. The river travels 63 miles (101 km) from its headwaters on the west side of the North Coast Range to its confluence with the Eel River, about 14 miles (23 km) upstream from the Pacific Ocean and 17 miles (27 km) south of Eureka, California. The river's elevation is over 5,000 feet (1,500 m) at its source and only 60 feet (18 m) when it merges with the Eel River. The river has two forks in its upper reaches. The North Fork travels northwest until it reaches the small town of Dinsmore, where it starts flowing west. The Little Van Duzen, which also flows northwest, joins the North Fork a few miles later. The river flows roughly west from then on. It meets its largest tributary, Yaeger Creek, about 5 miles (8.0 km) before it reaches the Eel River.
The river is used for recreation at locations including Grizzly Creek Redwoods State Park and for industrial, agricultural and municipal water supply by residents living along the western portion of California State Route 36. The river also provides wildlife habitat for preservation of rare and endangered species including cold freshwater habitat for fish migration and spawning. The primary land use in the watershed is timberland. Road construction and poor logging practices, particularly historical, have increased erosion, leading to excessive sediment buildup in the river and its tributaries. In addition, gravel mining, particularly at the confluence of the Van Duzen and Eel River, has increased erosion, affected channel alignment and may block fish migration.
About 26 percent of the land is owned by industrial timber companies. About 31 percent is privately owned, but not industrial, land used for timber production and ranches. Residential land makes up 26 percent and public land makes up 17 percent. Most of the public land is near the river's headwaters in Six Rivers National Forest.
The Van Duzen River has been federally designated as a "National Wild and Scenic River". It is named for James Van Duzen a member of the Josiah Gregg exploring party that first traveled to Humboldt Bay overland in 1849.
The deaths of 14 dogs after going swimming have occurred in the last twenty years due to cyanobacteria in blue-green algae on the Big Lagoon, South Fork Eel River or the Van Duzen River during times of warm weather and low water flow.
# Vermilion River (Minnesota)

The Vermilion River is located in Saint Louis County of northeast Minnesota, flowing between Crane Lake and Dago Bay of Lake Vermilion near Vermilion Dam.
The Vermilion River's width varies considerably, being the size of a large creek in places and looking like a large lake in another. The Vermilion River passes through the community of Buyck in Portage Township.
As its name suggests, the waters of the Vermilion are a brownish-red color. The murky waters and the over-abundance of leeches make the Vermilion an undesirable swimming destination. Forests around the Vermilion, being logged about 50 years ago, are thick and hard to penetrate as many competing trees are closely spaced.
# Chemical attack on Behbahan battalion

30°33′56.91″N 48°8′36.47″E﻿ / ﻿30.5658083°N 48.1434639°E﻿ / 30.5658083; 48.1434639
On 9 January 1987, at the beginning of the Battle of Shalamcheh, in the midst of the Iran–Iraq War, the Iranian Behbehan Battalion came under a heavy aerial chemical bomb attack by Iraqi forces. The Behbahan Battalion was positioned near Shalamcheh, in the south of Iran, about 10 km from the port of Khorramshahr.
The battalion was waiting for orders to be deployed to the front line when they were attacked. The Fadjr Battalion soldiers, numbering around 300, took refuge in an open-air shelter on the side of the road. The mustard gas bombs were dropped both on the road as well as on the sides of the road close to where the soldiers took shelter, and the resulting debris greatly affected them. Soon, a thick layer of poisonous smoke covered the whole area.
Due to the high volume of mustard gas that the bombs contained, many soldiers were poisoned, some losing their lives in the few hours after the attacks. Other soldiers were evacuated to field hospitals in Ahwaz and to medical centers in Tehran. Some of those who were not initially wounded stayed behind in the contaminated area of the battlefield to help get the wounded out.
From the over 300 soldiers present at the time of the attack, 90 lost their lives as a result of the chemical bombs within a few days. This is one of the highest mortality levels of mustard gas bombs known to date.
The surviving veterans have suffered from a variety of illnesses due to exposure to mustard gas, some having lost their lives in recent years due to complications. The most recent veteran to lose his life due to exposure to mustard gas at Behbahan was Enaytollah Nasseri, who died in late 2009 in a hospital in Tehran, suffering from a collapsed lung. In addition to the soldiers of the Fajr Battalion, soldiers from nearby battalions–including Fath Platoon–were also affected by the use of chemical bombs.
On each anniversary of this attack, surviving veterans, families of the dead soldiers, and other veterans from the Iran-Iraq War join the people of Behbahan to commemorate the victims and celebrate the lost lives of their loved ones. The annual ceremony takes place every January at the location where the gas attack took place, with thousands of people attending the ceremony each year.
In 2009 a delegation from Hiroshima attended the ceremony and paid tribute to the victims of the gas attack.
In January 2012, more than 4,000 people including war veterans and their families attended the memorial ceremony.
# Brent Gaff

Brent Allen Gaff (born October 5, 1958) is an American former professional baseball player who played for the New York Mets from 1982–84.
Gaff was born in Fort Wayne, Indiana and attended Churubusco High School in Churubusco, Indiana. He was drafted by the New York Mets in 6th the round (146th overall) of the 1977 Major League Baseball Draft. He was 23 years old when he broke into the big leagues on July 7, 1982, with the New York Mets. Although the Mets lost the game, 3–2, to the San Francisco Giants, Mets manager George Bamberger was quoted as saying, "The kid's got good command of his stuff and great confidence in himself. His attitude's outstanding. He says 'Give me the ball and let me go.' I wanted him to win that game bad."
Gaff missed the entire 1985 season due to a partial tear of the rotator cuff in his right shoulder, and was released by the Mets in November of that year.
# Walton River

The Walton River is a 12.2-mile-long (19.6 km) tributary of the Cedar River on the Upper Peninsula of Michigan in the United States. It joins the Cedar River at the village of Cedar River, less than 0.4 miles (0.6 km) from the mouth of the Cedar River in Lake Michigan.
# Wando River

The Wando River is a tidewater river in the coastal area of South Carolina. It begins in the town of Awendaw, Charleston County, and has its mouth at the Cooper River shortly before it flows into Charleston Harbor. The Wando's drainage area is 73,061 acres (295.67 km$^2$). Nearby Drum Island is uninhabited. It is spanned by the bridges crossing the Wando River and Towne creek.
The river was named for the Wando people, a band of the Cusabo.
# Wappinger Creek

Wappinger Creek is a 41.7-mile-long (67.1 km) creek which runs from Thompson Pond to the Hudson River at New Hamburg in Dutchess County, New York, United States. It is the longest creek in Dutchess County, with the largest watershed in the county.

## Overview

The creek flows in a north–south direction on the eastern side of the Hudson River. The creek's source is Thompson Pond near Pine Plains, and it heads southwestward towards its mouth in the Hudson River near New Hamburg. Along the way, it goes through fluctuations in width and follows an erratic path. The initial .25 mi (0.40 km) of the creek runs through rocky, steep, wooded terrain. However, as it approaches the Hudson it enters the river's tidal range, and has sandbars, mudflats and marshes. The creek is also home to numerous species, and is an important spawning area for anadromous fish, which thrive in the creek between April and June. Largemouth bass, bluegill, pumpkinseed, red-breasted sunfish, and brown bullhead, however, are resident species. Also, the creek is annually stocked with various species of trout for the purpose of recreational fishing.
In Wappingers Falls, the creek forms Wappinger Lake, a man-made reservoir.
Some residents and maps such as the 1867 Dutchess County Atlas refer to the creek as the Wappingers, as does the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, the National Weather Service, and the Hudson River Riverkeeper.

## Tributaries

Wappinger Creek has four distinct tributaries; the longest of which is Little Wappinger Creek which enters the creek from the east bank.
The tributaries are listed below from the source to the mouth, with Hunns Lake Creek being the northernmost and Little Wappinger Creek being the southernmost.
| Name | Mouth coordinates | Source coordinates | Remarks |
| Hunns Lake Creek | 41°52′29″N 73°42′10″W﻿ / ﻿41.8748°N 73.7029°W﻿ / 41.8748; -73.7029﻿ (Hunns Lake Creek) | 41°54′50″N 73°38′39″W﻿ / ﻿41.9139°N 73.6442°W﻿ / 41.9139; -73.6442﻿ (Hunns Lake Creek) | Named after its source, Hunns Lake |
| Willow Brook | 42°43′36″N 73°42′26″W﻿ / ﻿42.7267°N 73.7072°W﻿ / 42.7267; -73.7072﻿ (Willow Brook) | 41°42′14″N 73°42′26″W﻿ / ﻿41.7038°N 73.7072°W﻿ / 41.7038; -73.7072﻿ (Willow Brook) | Enters Wappinger Creek where County Route 17 crosses |
| East Branch Wappinger Creek | 41°48′50″N 73°45′29″W﻿ / ﻿41.8139°N 73.7581°W﻿ / 41.8139; -73.7581﻿ (West Branch Wappinger Creek) | 41°47′39″N 73°41′33″W﻿ / ﻿41.7942°N 73.6926°W﻿ / 41.7942; -73.6926﻿ (East Branch Wappinger Creek) | One of the two largest tributaries of Wappinger Creek |
| Little Wappinger Creek | 41°47′51″N 73°47′20″W﻿ / ﻿41.7975°N 73.7890°W﻿ / 41.7975; -73.7890﻿ (Little Wappinger Creek) | 41°59′18″N 73°46′16″W﻿ / ﻿41.9884°N 73.7712°W﻿ / 41.9884; -73.7712﻿ (Little Wappinger Creek) | Longest Tributary of Wappinger Creek |
# Wateree River

The Wateree River, about 75 mi (120 km) long, is a tributary of the Santee River in central South Carolina in the United States, which flows to the Atlantic Ocean. It was named for the Wateree Native Americans, a tribe who had migrated to this area from western North Carolina. They lived here until the early 18th century, when they were set upon and displaced by mostly English settlers during the Yamasee War. Survivors merged with the larger Catawba people, becoming extinct as a tribe.

## Course

The Wateree River is a continuation of the Catawba River, which flows from the Blue Ridge Mountains in North Carolina; this river had the different names of Catawba and Wateree assigned to different sections by different groups of settlers.
Today the name change is marked at the point where Wateree Creek empties into Lake Wateree. This is a manmade lake formed by Wateree Hydro Station Dam, a Duke Energy hydroelectric project built in the 20th century in Kershaw County, South Carolina.
The Wateree flows generally southward through Kershaw County and along the common boundary of Richland and Sumter counties, past the Piedmont town of Camden. It joins the Congaree River to form the Santee River about 35 mi (55 km) southeast of Columbia.

## Crossings

The following is a list of crossings along the short length of the Wateree
* US Route 1/US 601 in Camden & Lugoff
* Railroad bridge in Camden
* Interstate 20 in Camden
* Garner's Ferry Road US 378 near Stateburg & Eastover
* Two railroad bridges near the confluence with the Congaree River near Eastover
# 1974 Tamil conference incident

The 1974 Tamil conference attack occurred during the fourth World Tamil Research Conference, which was held in the city of Jaffna between 3 and 9 January 1974. Sri Lankan Police disrupted the meeting with force, killing nine or eleven people, and resulting in substantial civilian property damage and more than 50 civilians sustaining severe injuries.

## Early conflict

The SLFP-dominated government of Sirimavo Bandaranaike had requested that the conference be held in the capital Colombo but the conference organizers held it in the Tamil-dominant city of Jaffna.
On 10 January the organisers decided to hold a public meeting to distribute awards to those who had participated in the cultural program. The audience, more than 10,000 in number, spanned the road and overflowed into open expanses.

## The incident

Assistant Superintendent of Police Chandrasekera, led a truckload of anti-riot police of more than 40 to the scene. Their unheralded arrival ended in the chaotic disruption of the ceremony.
The police had been advancing slowly through the crowd in jeep and truck wearing steel helmets, ordering the crowd to move. At the time Professor Naina Mohamed, a distinguished Tamil scholar from India, was speaking and the crowd was heavily packed, such that the police could proceed no further. Then the policemen who were armed with rifles, tear-gas bombs, batons and wicker shields started attacking those who stood in their way. The result was a stampede to escape the police attack, as policemen fanned out in all directions assaulting all and sundry. Some even jumped into the moat beside the Fort to escape the attack.
The overhead electric wires were brought down by gunshots. A policeman was seen throwing a tear-gas bomb which did not explode, and then firing at the electric wire, resulting in a burning coil falling on him. The foreign delegates who attended the conference had also confirmed that the police had fired into the air.
Seven civilians died of electrocution. Several others sustained severe injuries due to the police charging at them.

## The government response

The police officers involved were subsequently promoted instead of being reprimanded by the government.
The report of the Commission of Inquiry on the Tragedy of January Tenth 1974 published on 18 February 1974 said,
   "The irresistible conclusion we come to is that the police on this night (10 January 1974) was guilty of a violent and quite an unnecessary attack on unarmed citizens.
   "We are gravely concerned that they lacked the judgment which we expected of policemen in a civilian police force whose duties call for tactful handling even in the most difficult situation.”

## Legacy

Appapillai Amirthalingam stated
   "the refusal of the government to appoint a Presidential Commission to inquire into the seven deaths and the conduct of the Police which led to those deaths, was a prime cause of the demand for a separate state."
This incident was the precursor to the revenge killing of the SLFP mayor of Jaffna, Alfred Duraiappah by the LTTE which began the era of Tamil militancy amongst the youth leading up to the Sri Lankan Civil War.
# Youth Crime Watch of America

Youth Crime Watch of America, Inc., based in Miami, Florida, is a non profit 501(c)(3) organization dedicated to establishing Youth Crime Watches across the United States and other countries. Sponsored in part by the US Department of Justice, OJJDP, it is a youth-led crime prevention/leadership program..

## Background

Youth Crime Watch developed initially in 1979 as an outgrowth of Citizen's Crime Watch of Miami-Dade County, Florida as a direct result of an outraged neighborhood coming together against injustice following the rape of a 12-year-old girl on Halloween night.
The successful pilot Youth Crime Watch program was located in North Miami Beach Senior High School, where it saw much success. In the first year of the program's implementation, students helped to reduce their school's drug problem by more than half by pinpointing drug pushers. In addition, chain snatchings, a prevalent problem at the time, were decreased by seventy-five percent. Equally important was the change in the students' attitudes: they were learning they could make a positive difference in their schools and in their communities. Students were reporting crime, saw positive results and enjoyed significantly improved morale and school spirit.
Youth Crime Watch went national in 1986 with the establishment of Youth Crime Watch of America, Inc. (YCWA), a non-profit organization.
# Szidónia Puhalák

Szidónia Puhalák (born 5 July 1996) is a Hungarian handballer who plays for Siófok KC.
She made her international debut on 22 March 2018 against Netherlands.

## Achievements

* EHF Champions League:
** Winner: 2017, 2018, 2019
* Nemzeti Bajnokság I:
** Winner: 2017, 2018, 2019
* Magyar Kupa:
** Winner: 2018, 2019, 2021