# Sultan bin Muhammad Al-Qasimi

Sheikh Sultan bin Muhammad Al-Qasimi (Arabic: سلطان بن محمد القاسمي, romanized: Sulṭān bin Muḥammad al-Qāsimī; born 2 July 1939) is an Emirati politician, author, historian, and the current and 11th ruler of the Emirate of Sharjah and a member of the Federal Supreme Council of the United Arab Emirates since January 1972. He is best known for his historical publications, support for education, and preservation of cultural landmarks. He restored the Al Hisn Fort in Sharjah in 1970 and served as the United Arab Emirates first Minister of Education in 1971. As an academic, he has authored multiple historical documents as well as memoirs, studies, novels, poetry and plays regarding the Middle East and North Africa.

## Early life and education

Sultan's mother was Maryam bint Sheikh Ghanem Al Shamsi (1915–2010). He has four brothers and two sisters: Khalid, Sheikh Saqr, Abdul Aziz, Abdullah, Sheikha and Naema.
In 1948, at the age of nine years, he enrolled in Eslah As Qasimia School. After completing his elementary and secondary education between Sharjah, Kuwait City and Dubai, Al-Qasimi went on to study a Bachelor of Science in Agricultural Engineering at Cairo University, graduating in 1971. He completed a PhD in history at the University of Exeter in 1985, and another in the political geography of the Gulf at Durham University in 1999.

## Career
### Minister of Education

In December 1971, Sultan was appointed the first Minister of Education for the Emirates.
Al Qasimi became president of both the American University of Sharjah and the University of Sharjah in 1997 and was named a visiting professor at the University of Exeter, his alma mater, in 1998. He became a professor of modern history of the Gulf at the University of Sharjah in 1999. In 2008, he became a visiting professor at Cairo University.

### Ruler of Sharjah

Al Qasimi succeeded his brother, Khalid bin Mohammed Al Qasimi, as emir after his assassination on January 25, 1972.
Al Qasimi has ruled Sharjah continuously since coming to power in the wake of the 1972 Sharjawi coup where the former Sheikh, Khalid bin Mohammed Al Qasimi was killed by forces loyal to Saqr bin Sultan Al Qasimi, apart from a seven-day period in June 1987, during the 1987 Sharjawi coup led by his elder brother Sheikh Abdulaziz bin Mohammed Al-Qasimi.
In May 2018, Al Qasimi established the "Irada" drug addiction treatment and rehabilitation centre in Sharjah.
Sultan celebrated the 50th anniversary as the Ruler of Sharjah on 25 January 2022.

### Writing career

Al Qasimi has authored at least 82 books by 2023 which include historical, literary, and theatrical books.
In 2020, a historical film titled Khorfakkan based on the book Khorfakkan’s Resistance Against the Portuguese Invasion of September 1507 written by Al Qasimi was released. The movie tells the story of the resistance of Khorfakkan city against the Portuguese invasion in the 16th century.

## Honours and awards
### Honours
#### National honour

* United Arab Emirates: Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of Zayed

#### Foreign honours

* Armenia: Grand Cross of the Order of Honour
* Belgium: Knight Grand Cordon of the Order of Leopold
* Egypt: Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of the Republic
* France:
** Commander of the Order of Arts and Letters
** Commander of the Legion of Honour
* Germany: Great Cross with Star of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
* Senegal: Grand Cross of the Order of Merit
* Sudan: Sash of Honour

### Honorary degrees

Al Qasimi has been awarded multiple honorary degrees from various institutions for his work in promoting education in social studies, law, science, and arts.
Degrees :
| Country | Date | University | Degree |
| Pakistan | 1983 | Faisalabad University | Doctorate in Science (DSc) honoris causa |
| Sudan | 1986 | Khartoum University | Doctor of Law honoris causa |
| Sudan | 2020 | Sudan University of Science and Technology | PhD in Drama honoris causa |
| United Kingdom | 1993 | University of Exeter | Doctorate in Arabic and Islamic studies honoris causa |
| United Kingdom | 2001 | University of Edinburgh | Doctorate in Humane Letters honoris causa |
| United Kingdom | 2003 | South Bank University | Doctor of Law honoris causa |
| United Kingdom | 2008 | University of Sheffield | Doctor of Arts (D.A) honoris causa |
| Russia | 1995 | Russian Academy of Sciences | Doctor of History honoris causa |
| Malaysia | 2001 | International Islamic University of Malaysia | Doctor of Philosophy and Doctor of Education honoris causa |
| Canada | 2004 | McMaster University | Doctor of Law honoris causa |
| Armenia | 2005 | Armenian National Academy of Sciences | honoris causa |
| Germany | 2006 | University of Tübingen | Doctor of Philosophy honoris causa |
| Jordan | 2008 | University of Jordan | Doctor of Public Administration honoris causa |
| Egypt | 2009 | Cairo University | Doctorate in Humane Letters honoris causa |
| Egypt | 2015 | American University in Cairo | Doctor of Social Science honoris causa |
| Japan | 2010 | Kanazawa University | Honorary Doctorate honoris causa |
| South Korea | 2011 | Hanyang University | Doctor of Social Science honoris causa |
| France | 2012 | Paris Diderot University | Doctorate in Humane Letters honoris causa |
| India | 2017 | University of Calicut | Doctorate in Education and Cultural Relations honoris causa |
| Portugal | 2018 | University of Coimbra | honoris causa |
| Italy | 2019 | Polytechnic University of Turin | Doctorate in Urban and Regional Development honoris causa |
| Spain | 2019 | Autonomous University of Madrid | honoris causa |

## Personal life

Al Qasimi has had at least two wives. With his first wife, Al Qasimi had two children:
* Azza bint Sultan al Qasimi
* Mohammed bin Sultan Al Qasimi (1974–1999). He was the crown prince. He died after a heroin overdose at the Emir's residence in Wych Cross Place, near Forest Row, East Grinstead, UK, on 3 April 1999 at the age of 24 years.
With his second wife, Jawaher bint Mohammed Al Qasimi, he had four children:
* Bodour bint Sultan (b. 1978). She is married to Sultan bin Ahmed Al Qasimi and has three children:
** Maryam bint Sultan Al Qasimi
** Ahmed bin Sultan Al Qasimi
** Alya bint Sultan Al Qasimi
* Noor bint Sultan (b. 1979)
* Hoor bint Sultan (b. 1980)
* Khalid bin Sultan (1980–2019). He was the owner of British clothing chain Qasimi. He died in London aged 39. His death was, according to the coroner, 'drug related' as 'toxicology tests revealed Khalid had high levels of GHB and "recreational" amounts of cocaine in his system'.