# Fiona Murray

Dame Fiona Elizabeth Murray DCMG CBE is the Associate Dean for Innovation at the MIT Sloan School of Management. She is a member of the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom's Council for Science and Technology and Vice-Chair of the Board of Directors of the NATO Innovation Fund.

## Early life and education

Murray studied at Merton College, Oxford, where she earned her BA degree in 1989 and MA in 1990, both in Chemistry. She moved to the United States for her graduate studies, where she worked in applied science at Harvard University. For her research Murray studied decision making surrounding renewable energy policy in China. She obtained an AM degree in 1992 and a PhD in 1996 from Harvard, both in Applied Sciences. After completing her doctorate Murray returned to the University of Oxford, where she was appointed a lecturer at the Saïd Business School. She held a fellowship at St Catherine's College, Oxford.

## Research and career

Murray was appointed to the faculty at the MIT Sloan School of Management in 1999, where she serves as the William Porter Professor of Entrepreneurship. At MIT, Murray works on the commercialisation of scientific research and the development of mechanisms that can better connect academics to entrepreneurs. She specialises in biotechnology, biomedical science, clean energy, innovation ecosystems, deep tech and geopolitics. She helps scientific start-ups and spin-outs to develop their business strategy, partnering the public and private sectors. She teaches two courses at the MIT Sloan School of Management, including innovation teams and new enterprises, and launched the Martin Trust Center for MIT Entrepreneurship Entrepreneurship & Innovation degree in 2006. Her research considers the role of women in the commercialisation of science.
Murray is Faculty Director of the MIT Innovation Initiative. This role has seen her partner with communities in Africa, launching programs to support African entrepreneurs in their fundraising, networking and business proposals, as well as initiatives that champion diversity in innovation. Together with Scott Stern, she also serves as the Faculty Director of the MIT Regional Entrepreneurship Acceleration Program (REAP), a program that brings leaders from developing regional ecosystems around the world to MIT for two years to improve innovation-driven entrepreneurship and inclusion in their respecting regional economies.
In 2020, Murray showed that women scientists are less likely to score highly on their grant applications because of the words that they use. Specifically, women are 16 % less likely to score highly on their grant proposals, which Murray attributes to different communication styles between men and women. She found that women use fewer of reviewer's favourite words, and more of the words that are associated with lower scores. She has studied the differences between men and women's patenting rates, as well as investigating where women inventors are located. Together with her first Ph.D. student at MIT, Prof. Kenneth G. Huang (National University of Singapore), they showed in 2009 that gene patents decrease follow-on public genetic knowledge, with broader patent scope, private sector ownership, patent thickets, fragmented patent ownership and gene's commercial relevance exacerbating their effect.
In 2023, she founded the MIT Murray Lab, a multilateral research group that focuses on deep tech and geopolitics.

## Awards and honors

Murray was elected to the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom's Council for Science and Technology in 2014. In 2023, Murray was appointed to serve as the Vice-Chair of the Board of Directors of the NATO Innovation Fund alongside Venture Capitalist Klaus Hommels.
In 2015, she was made a Commander of the British Empire (CBE) in the New Year Honours for her services to entrepreneurship, and was appointed Dame Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (DCMG) in the 2023 New Year Honours for services to science, technology and diversity.

## Selected publications

* Murray, Fiona; Stern, Scott (2005). "Do Formal Intellectual Property Rights Hinder the Free Flow of Scientific Knowledge? An Empirical Test of the Anti-Commons Hypothesis". Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization. Cambridge, MA. doi:10.3386/w11465.
* Murray, Fiona (1 December 2002). "Innovation as co-evolution of scientific and technological networks: exploring tissue engineering". Research Policy. 31 (8–9): 1389–1403. doi:10.1016/s0048-7333(02)00070-7. ISSN 0048-7333.
* Murray, Fiona (2004). "The role of academic inventors in entrepreneurial firms: sharing the laboratory life". Research Policy. 33 (4): 643–659. doi:10.1016/j.respol.2004.01.013. ISSN 0048-7333.
* Huang, Kenneth; Murray, Fiona (2009). "Does Patent Strategy Shape the Long-run Supply of Public Knowledge? Evidence from Human Genetics". Academy of Management Journal. 52 (6): 1193–1221. doi:10.5465/amj.2009.47084665. S2CID 16944597.