OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Operation Hurricane (1944)

Operation Hurricane was a 24-hour bombing operation to "demonstrate to the enemy in Germany generally the overwhelming superiority of the Allied Air Forces in this theatre" (in the directive to Harris ACO RAF Bomber Command) and "cause mass panic and disorginazation [sic] in the Ruhr, disrupt frontline communications and demonstrate the futility of resistance" (in the words of the Official RAF History).
During the day of 14 October 1944, 957 RAF Bomber Command aircraft dropped 3,574 long tons (3,631 t) of high explosive and 820 long tons (830 t) of incendiaries on Duisburg. Also during the day, USAAF VIII Bomber Command Mission 677 made PFF attacks on Cologne marshaling yards at Gereon, Gremberg, and Eifelter; as well as Euskirchen. A second RAF raid on Duisburg during the night of 14/15 October in two waves about two hours apart dropped a further 4,040 tonnes of high explosive and 500 tonnes of incendiaries. In some cases RAF crews flew both the daylight and night-time raids; a total of nearly eleven hours flying time in 24 hours. During the same night the RAF also bombed Brunswick (German: Braunschweig), destroying the town centre. Nearly fifty Mosquitos carried out nuisance raids and 132 aircraft from No. 100 Group targeted German night fighter operations.
In 24 hours, RAF Bomber Command had flown 2,589 sorties, losing 24 aircraft, dropping approximately 10,050 long tons (10,210 t) of bombs and killing over 2,500 civilians in Duisburg alone.
# Chris Lancos

Christopher J. Lancos (born July 12, 1984) is an American soccer defender who last played for Real Salt Lake of Major League Soccer.
Lancos played collegiate soccer at the University of Maryland, College Park, where he made 93 appearances for the Terrapins from 2002 to 2005, scoring 7 goals and 18 assists. He was a starting member of Maryland's 2005 College Cup championship team.
He was selected in the fourth round, 41st overall by Real Salt Lake in the 2006 MLS Supplemental Draft, but opted instead to sign with the youth team of Germany's 1. FC Kaiserslautern. He was allowed to terminate his contract early in January 2007, after about a year with the German side. He subsequently signed with Real Salt Lake for the 2007 MLS season.
Lancos spent time in the U.S. Residency Program in Bradenton, Florida during 2000 and 2001. He has been capped numerous times for the United States national youth teams, and was a member of the squad during the 2001 FIFA U-17 World Championship.
Chris Lancos is a current member of SAM.
# 1589 in art

Events from the year 1589 in art.

## Events

* Painter, sculptor and architect Willem Boy takes a leading role in the construction of the fortifications at Vaxholm, Sweden.

## Paintings

* Anonymous - Portrait of Sir Christopher Hatton
* Annibale Carracci - Two Children Teasing a Cat (approximate date)
* Hieronimo Custodis
** Elizabeth Brydges
** Giles Brydges, 3rd Baron Chandos
* Cornelis van Haarlem - The First Family (approximate date)
* Lavinia Fontana - Holy Family (El Escorial)
* Quentin Matsys - Vision of the Prophet Ezekiel (approximate date)
* Kaspar Memberger
** Virgin and Child
** Wolf-Dietrich von Raitenau, prince-archbishop of Salzburg
* Tintoretto - Portrait of Nicolaus Padavinus
* Jacopo Zucchi - Amor and Psyche

## Births

* July 16 - Sinibaldo Scorza, Italian painter, draughtsman and etcher (died 1631)
* August 12 - Domenico Fiasella, Italian painter of primarily frescoes (died 1669)
* date unknown
** Johannes van der Beeck, Dutch painter (died 1644)
** Adriaen van de Venne, Dutch Baroque painter of allegories, genre subjects and portraits (died 1662)
** Giovanni Francesco Guerrieri - Italian painter and Caravaggisti (died 1655)
** Kanō Sansetsu, Japanese painter (died 1651)
** Bernardino Capitelli, Italian painter and etcher of the Baroque period (died 1639)
* probable
** Domenico Fetti, Italian painter (died 1624)
** Sebastian Furck, German engraver (died 1666)
** Hercules Seghers, Dutch painter and printmaker of the Dutch Golden Age (died 1638)

## Deaths

* date unknown
** Quentin Metsys the Younger, Flemish painter (born 1543)
** Cornelis Molenaer, Flemish painter (born 1540)
** Heo Nanseolheon, Korean poet and painter (born 1563)
** Sesson Shukei, Japanese Zen monk and painter of the Muromachi period (born 1504)
* probable - Bernard Palissy, French potter and craftsman (born 1510)
# Raffaele La Capria

Raffaele La Capria (3 October 1922 – 26 June 2022) was an Italian novelist and screenwriter.
His second novel, The Mortal Wound (Ferito a morte), won Italy's most prestigious award, the Strega Prize, and is today considered a classic of Italian literature. Sandro Veronesi referred to it as "the best Italian novel of all time".

## Biography

La Capria was born in Naples, where he was to spend the formative years of his life. There he graduated in law, before staying in France, England, and the United States and then settling in Rome. He contributed to the cultural pages of the Corriere della Sera and was co-director of the literary journal Nuovi Argomenti. A particular interest was English poetry of the 1930s: as well as writing numerous articles he translated works including T. S. Eliot's Four Quartets. In the 1950s he wrote and produced a number of radio programmes for RAI on foreign contemporary drama. In 1957 La Capria was invited to participate in the International Seminar of Literature at Harvard University. In 1961 his novel Ferito a morte won the prestigious Premio Strega.
La Capria worked as co-scriptwriter on a number of Francesco Rosi's films, including Le mani sulla città (1963), Uomini contro (1970), and Cristo si è fermato a Eboli (1979). In September 2001 he received a Premio Campiello lifetime achievement award and in 2005 L'estro quotidiano was selected as the winner of the Viareggio Prize for fiction.
La Capria was the widower of the actress Ilaria Occhini. He died in Rome on 26 June 2022, at the age of 99, 3 months shy of his 100th birthday
# Kurt Morsink

Kurt Morsink Ramos (born June 27, 1984) is a Costa Rican and American former professional soccer player.

## Career
### College and amateur

Morsink was born on June 27, 1984, in Orlando, Florida, from American father and Costa Rican mother. From childhood, he raised in San José, Costa Rica. Growing up, he played for Costa Rican powerhouse Alajuelense's youth system; but, he never play with the Alajuelense first team. He was a member of the U-15 Costa Rica national team. He joined the US U17 National team 84 age group for the residency program at IMG Academy in Bradenton Florida, although he never played an official match. He played collegiate soccer at James Madison University from 2003 to 2006. He started 73 out of 76 games scoring 32 goals and assisting on 29. He was an All Conference and All American as well as the National Player of the Week. During his college years he also played with both Bradenton Academics and Cape Cod Crusaders in the USL Premier Development League.

### Professional

Morsink was drafted by the Kansas City Wizards in the 4th round of the 2007 MLS SuperDraft (No. 42 overall) with their third pick. Started in all play-off games his rookie year, a team whom lost in the Western Conference Finals to eventual MLS Cup champions Houston Dynamo. After three seasons with the club, Morsink was traded to D.C. United in February 2010. After struggling with injuries, Morsink retired from playing professional soccer on August 9, 2012.
# Chiswick Records

Chiswick Records was a British independent record label. Established in 1975, Chiswick was the "first true 'indie' label to be established in Britain for nearly a decade". The label has been described as "significant" in the "punk era". It released some of the earliest records recorded by The Hammersmith Gorillas, The Count Bishops, Motörhead, Joe Strummer’s The 101ers, The Damned, Skrewdriver, Billy Bragg, Kirsty MacColl, and Shane MacGowan.

## History

The label was started by Ted Carroll and Roger Armstrong in 1975 as a subsidiary of Rock On Records. Shortly after Trevor Churchill joined, it was incorporated into Swift Records Ltd. Two years later it entered into a licensing deal with EMI. Subsidiary Ace Records was started in 1978, and Chiswick Records closed in 1983; its back catalogue is still owned by Ace Records Ltd.
The label released a number of sampler compilation albums showcasing their bands. These included Submarine Tracks & Fool's Gold (Chiswick Chartbusters Volume One) (1977) and Long Shots, Dead Certs And Odds On Favourites (Chiswick Chartbusters Volume Two) (1978).

## Artists released

* Albania
* The Damned
* Amazorblades
* The Count Bishops
* Edith Nylon
* Dr. Feelgood (Fast Women and Slow Horses album) (1982)
* Drug Addix (with Kirsty MacColl on backing vocals)
* The Gorillas
* Jakko
* Jeff Hill
* Johnny Moped
* Johnny & the Self Abusers
* Little Bob Story
* Matchbox
* Motörhead
* The Nipple Erectors
* The 101ers
* The Radiators from Space/The Radiators (Dublin)
* Radio Stars
* Riff Raff (with Billy Bragg)
* The Rings (with Twink)
* Sniff 'n' the Tears
* Rocky Sharpe and the Replays
* Skrewdriver
* T. V. Smith
* The Table
* Whirlwind
# DIN 31635

DIN 31635 is a Deutsches Institut für Normung (DIN) standard for the transliteration of the Arabic alphabet adopted in 1982. It is based on the rules of the Deutsche Morgenländische Gesellschaft (DMG) as modified by the International Orientalist Congress 1935 in Rome. The most important differences from English-based systems were doing away with j, because it stood for /dʒ/ in the English-speaking world and for /j/ in the German-speaking world and the entire absence of digraphs like th, dh, kh, gh, sh. Its acceptance relies less on its official status than on its elegance (one sign for each Arabic letter) and the Geschichte der arabischen Literatur manuscript catalogue of Carl Brockelmann and the dictionary of Hans Wehr. Today it is used in most German-language publications of Arabic and Islamic studies.
Along with rules for the Arabic language, it also includes transliteration standards for Ottoman Turkish, Persian, Kurdish, Urdu, and Pashto.

## Table

    The 28 letters:
| Arabic letters | ء‎ / ا | ب | ت | ث | ج | ح | خ | د | ذ | ر | ز | س | ش | ص | ض | ط | ظ | ع | غ | ف | ق | ك | ل | م | ن | ه | و | ي / ى‎ |
| DIN 31635 | ʾ / ā | b | t | ṯ | ǧ | ḥ | ḫ | d | ḏ | r | z | s | š | ṣ | ḍ | ṭ | ẓ | ʿ | ġ | f | q | k | l | m | n | h | w / ū | y / ī |
| ALA-LC | ʼ / ā | b | t | th | j | ḥ | kh | d | dh | r | z | s | sh | ṣ | ḍ | ṭ | ẓ | ʻ | gh | f | q | k | l | m | n | h | w / ū | y / ī |
| IPA (MSA) | ʔ, aː | b | t | θ | dʒ ɡ ʒ | ħ | x | d | ð | r | z | s | ʃ | sˤ | dˤ | tˤ | ðˤ zˤ | ʕ | ɣ | f | q | k | l | m | n | h | w, uː | j, iː |

## Rules

The ḥarakāt (fatḥah, kasrah and ḍammah) are transliterated as a, i and u. A šaddah results in a geminate (consonant written twice). The article is written with the sun letters assimilated.
An ʾalif marking /aː/ is transliterated as ā. The letter (ﺓ) tāʾ marbūṭah is transliterated as word-final -h normally, or -t in a word in the construct state.
Hamzah has many variants, أ إ ء ئ ؤ; depending on its position, all of them are transliterated as ⟨ʾ⟩. The initial ʾalif (ا) without a hamzah is not transliterated using ʾ initially, only the initial vowel is transliterated (if pronounced): i-.
(ﻯ) ʾalif maqṣūrah appears as ā, transliterating it indistinguishable from ʾalif. Long vowels /iː/ and /uː/ are transliterated as ī and ū. The nisbah suffix /ij(j), ijja/ appears as -iyy, -iyyah although the former is normally transliterated as -ī, and nunation is ignored in transliteration. A hyphen - is used to separate clitics (the article, the prepositions and the conjunction) from words to which they are attached.
The Eastern Arabic numerals (‭٠ ١ ٢ ٣ ٤ ٥ ٦ ٧ ٨ ٩‬) are rendered as western Arabic numerals (0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9).
# Terry MacTavish

Terry Isobel MacTavish MNZM (born 1950) is an actress and teacher from Dunedin, New Zealand.

## Early life and family

MacTavish was born in Taiwan in 1950, where her parents MacDonald MacTavish, a Scottish Free Church minister, and Shona Dunlop MacTavish, were working at the English Presbyterian Church Mission in Tainan. Her mother taught English and ballet to the local children. The family later moved to South Africa, where MacTavish's parents worked as missionaries: her father died there in 1957, and she returned to New Zealand with her mother and two siblings to live in Dunedin.

## Career

MacTavish's acting career started with the Southern Players at age 18. She went on to perform in productions at the Globe Theatre and the Fortune Theatre.
For 47 years MacTavish taught at Queen’s High School, Dunedin, including being head of drama. She was part of the educational group that developed drama in a new arts curriculum in New Zealand including establishing drama as an NCEA subject.
MacTavish was also part of Allen Hall at the University of Otago in the 1960s.
In 2008, MacTavish and Ross Johnston revived a play they had performed in 1975 at the Fortune Theatre, Pinter's Old Times, directed by Lisa Warrington. MacTavish's 1975 performance had been described as "dark, textured and petulant", while her 2008 interpretation of Anna was "sophisticated and mysterious".
In 2011, she played the "flamboyant medium" Madame Arcati, in Noel Coward's Blithe Spirit at the Globe Theatre, Dunedin.
In May 2013, MacTavish and Emerita Professor Jocelyn Harris presented Women Behaving Badly, a selection of readings from Jane Austen, at the Globe.
One reviewer called MacTavish's performance as Elizabeth I in Friedrich Schiller's Mary Stuart at the Globe in 2016 "mesmerising".

## Honours and awards

In the 2019 New Year Honours, MacTavish was appointed a Member of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to theatre and education. In 2021, she was recognised as a distinguished alumna of Columba College.
# Solar eclipse of March 7, 1598

A total solar eclipse occurred on March 7, 1598 (25 February 1597 using the Old Style date). A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide.

## Visibility

Totality was visible from the British Isles with a diagonal track from Cornwall in the south-west to Aberdeen in the north-east of Scotland.
It was observed from Germany by Tycho Brahe.

## Related eclipses

It is a part of solar Saros 133.
This is the 22nd member of Solar Saros 133. The previous event was on February 15, 1580 (21st member). The next event would be on March 17, 1616 (23rd member).
# Miss Grand Sierra Leone

Miss Grand Sierra Leone is a national beauty pageant title awarded to Sierra Leonean representatives competing at the Miss Grand International contest. The title was first mentioned in 2017 when Rubie Timbo, who was affiliated with Swadu Beckley's pageant organizer IAMSL Pageant, was appointed to represent the country in the Miss Grand International contest in Vietnam.
Sierra Leone participated in Miss Grand International twice; in 2017 and 2018, but its both representatives were unplaced on the international stage. In 2019, the Sierra Leonean candidate for Miss Grand International 2019 was also decided but she withdrew.

## History

Sierra Leone made the debut in the Miss Grand International pageant in 2017 after the license was granted by Swadu Beckley, the director of Face of Sierra Leone organizer company named IAMSL Pageant, and a model from Freetown, Rubie Timbo, was assigned to represent the country internationally in Vietnam. However, Rubie was unable to join the international for undisclosed reasons and was replaced by former Miss Tourism Queen Sierra Leone, Nyallay Sia, The following representatives for the 2018 and 2019 international contests were also appointed; no Miss Grand National was held to determine titleholders.
In 2019, a 24-year-old model, Ramatulai Wurie, was hand-picked by the national licensee to compete at Miss Grand International 2019 in Venezuela, but she withdrew; security concerns in the host country was expected as the main reasons. She was later elected to compete at the Miss Supranational 2021 pageant in Poland, but went unplaced.
Due to lacking franchise holders, the Sierra Leonean representatives for Miss Grand International have not been determined since 2020.

## International competition

The following is a list of Sierra Leonean representatives at the Miss Grand International contest.
| Year | Representative | Original national title | Competition performance | Competition performance | National director |
| Year | Representative | Original national title | Placement | Other awards | National director |
| 2017 | Rubie Timbo | — | Unable to compete | Unable to compete | Natasha Beckley |
| 2017 | Nyallay Sia Kamara | Miss Tourism Sierra Leone 2017 | Unplaced | — | Natasha Beckley |
| 2018 | Fanta Kabia | — | Unplaced | — | Natasha Beckley |
| 2019 | Ramatulai Wurie | — | Unable to compete | Unable to compete | | Natasha Beckley |
| No representatives since 2020 ||||||
# M. Young Botanic Garden

The M. Young Botanic Garden 2.5 acres (1.0 ha) is a botanical garden located at 14178 West Kearney, Kerman, California, United States. Every plant used is drought-tolerant. One section contains Southwestern native trees, shrubs and ground covers. Another will include 12 different gardens with a water-conservation theme, some with paths, arbors, patios and seating areas.
# Jim Delahanty

James Christopher Delahanty (June 20, 1879 – October 17, 1953) was a second baseman in Major League Baseball. He played thirteen seasons with eight clubs: the Chicago Orphans (1901), New York Giants (1902), Boston Beaneaters (1904–05), Cincinnati Reds (1906), St. Louis Browns (1907), Washington Senators (1907–09), Detroit Tigers (1909–12), and Brooklyn Tip-Tops (1914–15).
Born in Cleveland, Ohio, he batted and threw right-handed. He was the fourth of six brothers, and all of them played professional baseball, with five of them (Jim, Ed, Frank, Joe, and Tom) appearing at the major-league level. After his baseball career, Delahanty moved back to Cleveland occasionally playing in exhibition games with his brothers, where he lived until he died.

## Biography

Delahanty was born to a Cleveland teamster into a family of six boys and two girls. Five of the Delahanty brothers became Major League Baseball players, including older brother Ed Delahanty, and the sixth brother played minor-league baseball.
Beginning in 1896, Delahanty played minor-league baseball for several teams until the Chicago Orphans bought his contract in 1901. His introduction to the major leagues was brief, as Delahanty broke his patella after 17 games, ending his rookie season. After that season, Delahanty was traded to the New York Giants. He played briefly for the team, but he spent most of 1902 and all of 1903 back in the minor leagues. He hit .382 for the 1903 Little Rock Travelers.
He played his first full season in 1904, in which he batted .285 with the Beaneaters. Boston traded Delahanty to the Cincinnati Reds in 1906 in exchange for Al Bridwell. In September 1906, the St. Louis Browns bought him from the Reds, and the next June, the Washington Senators purchased his contract from the Browns.
He was traded mid-season by the Senators to the Tigers in 1909 for Germany Schaefer and played in his only World Series that season, batting .346 with 4 RBI in 7 games against the Pittsburgh Pirates. In 1911, Delahanty hit for his highest batting average (.339) and he had a career-high in runs batted in (94). He stayed in the major leagues until the middle of the 1912 season, having encountered illness and injuries that year that limited his productivity. He finished his playing career in the Federal League. In 1,186 career games, Delahanty had 1,159 hits with 19 home runs and 151 stolen bases.
After his baseball career, Delahanty worked for the city of Cleveland as a street paver. He died in a Cleveland hospital in 1953 after a long illness. He was buried in Calvary Cemetery in Cleveland. He was survived by a wife, Hester, and a daughter.
# Saba Rock

Saba Rock is a small island of the British Virgin Islands in the Caribbean, approximately an acre and a half in size. The island contains a small hotel, restaurant, bar, and gift shop. A dock is available for day visitors and a large mooring field accommodates yachts staying overnight. The resort operates a boat shuttle from Saba Rock to Bitter End Yacht Club and Leverick Bay Marina.

## Geography

It sits entirely within the North Sound of Virgin Gorda. Saba Rock is among the cluster of serene, scarcely inhabited Islands that form the North Sound of Virgin Gorda in the British Virgin Islands. The North Sound neighbourhood consists of Richard Branson's exclusive Necker Island and the private Island of Eustatia with the surrounding pristine waters of Eustatia Reef, a snorkeler's paradise.
The island provides habitat for the crested anole (Anolis cristatellus wileyae).

## History

It was formerly owned and occupied by Bert Kilbride, a marine archaeologist who for many years served as Her Majesty's Receiver of Wreck in the Territory. It was subsequently sold to the McManus family of Hawaii and now has a small hotel and restaurant on it. Over the years it's developed into a famous stop for the celebrity and yachting crowd. The island is consistently ranked as one of the most popular watering holes in the Caribbean.
In 2017 the island was devastated by hurricane Irma. The reconstruction began in 2018. It is planned to reopen spring 21 by latest owner Petr Kellner.
* A kiteboarder soars over cheering fans at Saba Rock Resort, British Virgin Islands
* Sunset at Saba Rock Resort, British Virgin Islands
* Fiery sky at sunset, Saba Rock, British Virgin Islands
# Estadio Independencia

Estadio Independencia is a multi-use stadium in Estelí, Nicaragua. It is used for football matches and is the home stadium to Real Estelí.
The stadium holds 5,000 people, and was renovated and equipped with synthetic turf to be used by Real Estelí for their home matches in the group stage of the 2012–13 CONCACAF Champions League and beyond.

## Hooliganism

In April 2004, an explosive went off in the stands during the national football league final between Real Estelí and Diriangén, seriously injuring 14 people.