OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lycopodium powder

Lycopodium powder is a yellow-tan dust-like powder, consisting of the dry spores of clubmoss plants, or various fern relatives. When it is mixed with air, the spores are highly flammable and are used to create dust explosions as theatrical special effects. The powder was traditionally used in physics experiments to demonstrate phenomena such as Brownian motion.

## Composition

The powder consists of the dry spores of clubmoss plants, or various fern relatives principally in the genera Lycopodium and Diphasiastrum. The preferred source species are Lycopodium clavatum (stag's horn clubmoss) and Diphasiastrum digitatum (common groundcedar), because these widespread and often locally abundant species are both prolific in their spore production and easy to collect.

## Main uses

Today, the principal use of the powder is to create flashes or flames that are large and impressive but relatively easy to manage safely in magic acts and for cinema and theatrical special effects. Historically it was also used as a photographic flash powder. Both these uses rely on the same principle as a dust explosion, as the spores have a large surface area per unit of volume (a single spore's diameter is about 33 micrometers (μm)), and a high fat content.
It is also used in fireworks and explosives, fingerprint powders, as a covering for pills, and as an ice cream stabilizer.

## Other uses

Lycopodium powder is also sometimes used as a lubricating dust on skin-contacting latex (natural rubber) goods, such as condoms and medical gloves.
In physics experiments and demonstrations, lycopodium powder can be used to make sound waves in air visible for observation and measurement, and to make a pattern of electrostatic charge visible. The powder is also highly hydrophobic; if the surface of a cup of water is coated with lycopodium powder, a finger or other object inserted straight into the cup will come out dusted with the powder but remain completely dry.
Because of the very small size of its particles, lycopodium powder can be used to demonstrate Brownian motion. A microscope slide, with or without a well, is prepared with a droplet of water, and a fine dusting of lycopodium powder is applied. Then, a cover-glass can be placed over the water and spore sample in order to reduce convection in the water by evaporation. Under several hundred diameters magnification, one will see in the microscope, when well focused upon individual lycopodium particles, that the spore particles "dance" randomly. This is in response to asymmetric collisional forces applied to the macroscopic (but still quite small) powder particle by microscopic water molecules in random thermal motion.
As a then-common laboratory supply, lycopodium powder was often used by inventors developing experimental prototypes. For example, Nicéphore Niépce used lycopodium powder in the fuel for one of the first internal combustion engines, the Pyréolophore, in about 1807, and Chester Carlson used lycopodium powder in 1938 in his early experiments to demonstrate xerography.
# Denyse Clairouin

Denyse Henriette Léonie Clairouin (27 August 1900 in Paris – 12 March 1945 in Mauthausen) was a French translator and Resistance fighter.
During the Second World War, she was part of the Resistance (group Secret Army). She was arrested in 1943 and deported to Ravensbrück and then Mauthausen. She died in deportation in March 1945. She was awarded the Legion of Honour and the Croix de Guerre.
In 1945, the Denyse Clairouin literary prize was created to celebrate her memory. In 1948, Louise Varèse was awarded the prize for her translation of Paris Spleen by Charles Baudelaire.
# John Wedgwood (doctor)

John Wedgwood CBE (28 September 1919 – 30 August 2007), was until his death the heir presumptive to the barony Wedgwood, as elder son of the second son of the 1st Baron Wedgwood. He was a noted British medical doctor, whose death was commemorated with a long obituary in The Daily Telegraph; his area of specialisation was geriatric medicine and improving conditions for elderly patients.
John Wedgwood was the elder son of the Hon. Josiah Wedgwood – later the managing director of the Wedgwood pottery firm – by his wife the former Dorothy Mary Winser. He was educated at Abbotsholme School and then at Trinity College, Cambridge before going on to Guy's Hospital. He studied surgery but was wounded during the Second World War, which left him unable to stand for long periods of time and therefore unable to practice surgery. He switched to general medicine, initially specialising in cardiology before becoming interesting in geriatric and disability medicine. In 1987 he was appointed CBE for his work.
He was twice married, and had three sons and two daughters by his first wife Margaret Mason whom he married 1943 and divorced 1971. He was also survived by his second wife Jo Tamlyn (née Ripsher) whom he married in 1972.
From 1970 he was the heir presumptive to his nephew, the 4th Baron Wedgwood. His eldest son, Antony John Wedgwood, born in 1944, succeeded as the 5th Baron in January 2014.
He is buried on the eastern side of Highgate Cemetery.
# Cettia janossyi

Cettia janossyi is an extinct species of Cettia that inhabited Hungary during the Neogene period.

## Etymology

The specific epithet "janossyi" is a tribute to Hungarian ornithologist, conservationist, and paleontologist Dénes Jánossy (1926−2005).
# Darius Rice

Darius Lashaun Rice (born October 16, 1982) is an American professional basketball player. He played college basketball for the University of Miami. He is the nephew of former professional football player, Jerry Rice.

## College career

Rice played college basketball at the University of Miami.

### College statistics

| Year | Team | GP | GS | MPG | FG% | 3P% | FT% | RPG | APG | SPG | BPG | PPG |
| 2000-01 | Miami | 29 | 29 | 30.7 | .398 | .339 | .720 | 4.9 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 14.1 |
| 2001-02 | Miami | 32 | 31 | 32.8 | .383 | .365 | .800 | 5.9 | 1.7 | 1.2 | 0.7 | 14.9 |
| 2002-03 | Miami | 27 | 25 | 33.4 | .426 | .364 | .763 | 5.8 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 0.8 | 18.8 |
| 2003-04 | Miami | 28 | 27 | 31.5 | .407 | .306 | .802 | 6.4 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 16.9 |
| Career | | 116 | 112 | 32.1 | .403 | .344 | .776 | 5.7 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 16.0 |

## Professional career

Not being drafted by any NBA team and being unknown in Europe, Rice signed for the 2004–05 season with the NBA Development League club Florida Flame. During his career, Rice played in Venezuela, Poland, China, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Uruguay, Hungary, Bahrain, Japan, Israel and Macedonia.
During his time with Dakota, he became part of NBA D-League history. On April 29, 2007, the Wizards faced the Colorado 14ers for the championship at the Bismarck Civic Center in Bismarck, North Dakota. Coming off the bench, Rice scored 52 points, with one of his eleven three-point field goals coming with 4.5 seconds in regulation to force overtime. He set a record for most points in a D-League championship game and most three-point field goals, and the Wizards won 129–121 in overtime to win the championship.
On December 28, 2014, Rice signed with the Macedonian team KK Karpoš Sokoli.
On October 29, 2016, Rice was acquired by the Austin Spurs. However, he was waived on November 11.

## Career statistics
### NBA D-League
#### Regular season

| Year | Team | GP | GS | MPG | FG% | 3P% | FT% | RPG | APG | SPG | BPG | PPG |
| 2004–05 | Florida | 42 | 38 | 29.9 | .402 | .175 | .867 | 4.2 | 2.0 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 10.5 |
| 2006–07 | Dakota | 18 | 0 | 25.5 | .445 | .381 | .800 | 4.3 | 1.4 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 13.7 |
| 2012–13 | Texas | 25 | 25 | 30.9 | .384 | .350 | .731 | 6.9 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 15.6 |
| Career | | 85 | 63 | 29.2 | .404 | .340 | .816 | 5.0 | 1.6 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 12.7 |
# Black Cultural Centre for Nova Scotia

The Black Cultural Centre for Nova Scotia (also known as The Society for the Protection and Preservation of Black Culture in Nova Scotia) is located in Cherry Brook, Nova Scotia, in the Halifax Regional Municipality. The centre is a museum and a library resource centre that focuses on the history and culture of African Nova Scotians. The organization of the Black Cultural Society was incorporated as a charitable organization in 1977 and the centre opened its doors in 1983, with a goal to educate and inspire and to protect, preserve and promote Black culture in Nova Scotia. The centre is located on Trunk 7 at 1149 Main Street.
The centre holds many events on a weekly basis and is open to the public. The centre also has a permanent display about the former community of Africville.

## Background

The Black Cultural Centre was the "brainchild" of William Pearly Oliver OC CM (1934 – 1989), and was put forth in 1972 in order to help meet the needs of the local Black community. Its goals include the preservation and bolstering of the culture of Nova Scotians of African descent through exhibitions and lectures about "community life, religion, military service and immigration."
By 2007, the Cultural Centre had been successful in acquiring an Order of Canada medal and thirty Victory Medals from eBay. The Victory Medals had been originally awarded to Black soldiers who had served during World War I in the No. 2 Construction Battalion—"Canada's first and only black battalion." The Centre worked with Dave Thomson of St. George, Ontario who had helped purchase medals for the Centre. In February 2007, the family of Sapper PR. P.F. Fenton learned that his medal was being auctioned on eBay. The community raised thousands of dollars towards the purchase price of over CDN$7,400 so the medal could be placed at the Centre.

## Public transit

There is a Halifax Transit bus stop outside the Black Cultural Centre served by routes "61 North Preston" and "68 Cherry Brook". These operate all day and connect to nearby Portland Hills Terminal.
# The Hell Song

"The Hell Song" is a song by Canadian rock band Sum 41. The song was released on February 10, 2003, as the second single of the band's album Does This Look Infected?. "The Hell Song" became a top-40 hit in Ireland, Italy, and the United Kingdom. On May 29, 2015, it was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).

## Background

Deryck Whibley, the lead vocalist of Sum 41, wrote "The Hell Song" after learning that one of his friends had contracted HIV. He said, "That song just came out in, like, half an hour when I just found out," Whibley said. "I wasn't even meaning to write about it, but for some reason that just came out right away".

## Music video

The music video was of a concert with dolls and action figures, with Sum 41's faces on those "performing" in front of a Lite-Brite screen with the band's name on it. They were joined with other action figures such as those of Snoop Dogg, Eminem, Ozzy Osbourne with his family, Marilyn Manson, Korn, Metallica, Eddie the Head, Gene Simmons, Spice Girls, Angus Young, Jesus Christ, Alice Cooper, Destiny's Child, George W. Bush and Ludacris. The video ends when police dolls arrive to break up the concert, and the band avoids arrest by taking off in a helicopter (which is then comically hurled out of a window and falls to the ground, accompanied by laughter). The dolls' obscene finger gestures and nudity are comically censored, which parodies real life. The video was directed by Marc Klasfeld.
The music video was nominated for Best Breakthrough Video & Best Direction at the 2003 MTV Video Music Awards, losing both awards to Coldplay's "The Scientist".

## Certifications

Certifications and sales for "The Hell Song" :
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Italy (FIMI) | Gold | 50,000$^‡$ |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Silver | 200,000$^‡$ |
| United States (RIAA) | Gold | 500,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||

## Release history

Release dates and formats for "The Hell Song" :
| Region | Date | Format(s) | Label(s) |
| United Kingdom | February 10, 2003 | 7-inch vinylCD | Mercury |
| United States | February 17, 2003 | Mainstream rockactive rockalternative radio | Island |
| United States | April 7, 2003 | Contemporary hit radio | Island |
| Australia | April 14, 2003 | CD | Island |
# The Song Fishermen

The Song Fishermen, or the Song Fishermen's Circle (1928–1930), was an informal group of poets from Atlantic Canada that included the famous Canadian poets Bliss Carman and Charles G. D. Roberts.

## History

The group was led by Andrew and Tully Merkel, whose Halifax, Nova Scotia, home became "a favourite rendezvous for writers and artists." The historian Thomas Raddall described the group in his memoirs:
   In the mid-1920s some of the poets formed a sort of flying squad, calling themselves whimsically the Song Fisherman, including Charles G.D. Roberts, Bliss Carman, Robert Norwood, Evelyn Tufts, Stewart MacAuley, Kenneth Leslie, Ethel Butler and other lively spirits. ... From time to time this group made sallies by car into the countryside or by sail along the coast, always on the spur of the moment, and staying a day or a week wherever they chose to alight.
Other members of the set included Charles Bruce, James D. Gillis, and Joe Wallace. Besides road trips, the group organized recitals and lectures, produced broadsheets, and kept in contact with Maritime poets who had moved away from the region.
They published broadsheets and mimeographed Song Fishermen Songbooks which were distributed to fans across North America, including a published memorial to Bliss Carman after his death in 1929. Publishing was arranged by J. B. Livesay of Canadian Press, (modernist poet Dorothy Livesay's father). When that publishing outlet was closed in 1929, the Song Fishermen officially disbanded in September 1929 with a two-day celebration including poetry, reciting, piping, Highland dancing, and a marine trip to East Dover, Nova Scotia.
A short-lived attempt was made to revive the publishing arm of the group using Theodore Goodridge Roberts's Acadie publishing facilities in Saint John in 1930.
In The Quest of the Folk, Ian McKay discusses the anti-modernist tendencies of The Song Fishermen, who "combined Scottish romance with the cult of the fisherfolk.".
# Sudan News Agency

Sudan News Agency, also known as SUNA, is the official news agency of Sudan. It provides news to other organizations in English, French and Arabic.

## History and profile

The Sudan News Agency was established in 1970. It was officially inaugurated on the second anniversary of the May Revolution in 1971. Abdul Karim Mehdi was the first director of the SUNA. Then Mustafa Amin became the director of the agency. Amin served as the director until 1985.
# Little woolly mouse opossum

The little woolly mouse opossum (Marmosa phaea) is a nocturnal, arboreal and mainly solitary species of South American marsupial in the family Didelphidae. It is native to the western slopes of the Andes in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru, where it lives at altitudes from sea level to 1,500 metres (4,900 ft). It primarily inhabits lowland rainforest and montane cloud forest, although it has been reported from dry forest in the southern end of its range. It was formerly assigned to the genus Micoureus, which was made a subgenus of Marmosa in 2009. Its conservation status is vulnerable, due to habitat fragmentation and continuing loss of habitat via urbanization and conversion to agriculture.
# Factory Creek

Factory Creek is a stream in the U.S. state of Georgia. It is a tributary to the Chattahoochee River.
Factory Creek was named for the fact its waters powered a textile mill along its course in the 1850s.
# Ran McDonald

Ranald "Ran" John McDonald (November 21, 1889 – January 29, 1950) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player who played 159 games in various professional and amateur leagues, including the Pacific Coast Hockey Association (PCHA). Among the teams he played with were the New Westminster Royals, Portland Rosebuds, Victoria Aristocrats, and Spokane Canaries.
He also played lacrosse with the Vancouver Lacrosse Club.

## Playing career

Born in Cashion's Glen, Ontario, McDonald played for various senior teams in Fort William, Ontario, and Port Arthur, Ontario, before joining the new New Westminster Royals of the PCHA. He was named to the league's first all-star team in 1912, 1913, and 1914. McDonald played eight seasons in all in the PCHA before 1919. He played in the ill-fated 1919 Stanley Cup Finals, cancelled after five games due to the Spanish flu pandemic, and played one more season in 1920–21 with the Edmonton Dominions of the Big Four League before retiring.

## Statistics

| | | | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs |
| Season | Team | League | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 1907–08 | Fort William Arenas | NOHL | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – |
| 1908–09 | Fort William Forts | NOHL | 12 | 6 | 0 | 6 | – | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – |
| 1909–10 | Fort William Forts | NOHL | 10 | 12 | 0 | 12 | 50 | – | – | – | – | – |
| 1910–11 | Port Arthur North Stars | NOHL | 7 | 8 | 0 | 8 | 6 | – | – | – | – | – |
| 1912 | New Westminster Royals | PCHA | 15 | 16 | 0 | 16 | 56 | – | – | – | – | – |
| 1912–13 | New Westminster Royals | PCHA | 12 | 11 | 3 | 14 | 29 | – | – | – | – | – |
| 1913–14 | New Westminster Royals | PCHA | 16 | 15 | 5 | 20 | 34 | – | – | – | – | – |
| 1914–15 | Portland Rosebuds | PCHA | 18 | 22 | 7 | 29 | 24 | – | – | – | – | – |
| 1915–16 | Victoria Aristocrats | PCHA | 16 | 10 | 3 | 13 | 32 | – | – | – | – | – |
| 1916–17 | Spokane Canaries | PCHA | 23 | 13 | 9 | 22 | 23 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1917–18 | Vancouver Millionaires | PCHA | 18 | 3 | 6 | 9 | 32 | – | – | – | – | – |
| | | Stanley Cup | – | – | – | – | – | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 9 |
| 1919 | Seattle Metropolitans | PCHA | 11 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| | | Stanley Cup | – | – | – | – | – | 5 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 1920–21 | Edmonton Dominions | Big-4 League | 4 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | – | – | – | – | – |
| NOHL totals | NOHL totals | NOHL totals | 30 | 26 | 0 | 26 | 56 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| PCHA totals | PCHA totals | PCHA totals | 129 | 92 | 34 | 126 | 236 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| Stanley Cup totals | Stanley Cup totals | Stanley Cup totals | – | – | – | – | – | 8 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 12 |
# Diego Cadavid

Diego Cadavid (born Diego Andrés Cadavid on December 8, 1978) is a Colombian actor, cinematographer and musician known for his roles in telenovelas.
He is currently dating Laura Archbold, a fellow Colombian actress who also appeared in the 2021 reboot of Café con aroma de mujer.

## Filmography
### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2002 | Te busco | José | |
| 2003 | El carro | Óscar | |
| 2006 | Soñar no cuesta nada | Lloreda | |
| 2006 | Dios los junta y ellos se separan | Wilman | |
| 2007 | Esto huele mal | Guzmán | |
| 2011 | El callejón | Gabriel | |
| 2011 | The Snitch Cartel | Pepe Cadena | Sequel to the telenovela |
| 2012 | La Lectora | Cachorro | |
| 2016 | El Empantanado: The Muddy | Juan Ignacio Gavaria | |

### Television roles

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1995–2000 | Padres e hijos | Diego Montoya | |
| 1996 | Conjunto cerrado | Sarah's Husband | |
| 1997 | Yo amo a Paquita Gallego | Handsome Young Boy | Uncredited |
| 2000 | Se armó la gorda | Felipe Galán | |
| 2001 | Juan Joyita quiere ser Caballero | Roberto | |
| 2001 | Yo soy Betty, la fea | Román | 18 episodes |
| 2002 | María Madrugada | Juan Solo | |
| 2003 | Amor a la plancha | José Chipatecua | |
| 2004 | La saga, negocio de familia | Young Pedro Manrique / Young Manuel Manrique / Óscar Manrique | |
| 2004 | Mesa para tres | Alejandro "Alejo" Toro | |
| 2005 | El baile de la vida | Ricardo Zambrano | |
| 2006 | Las profesionales, a su servicio | Dante Quiróga | |
| 2007–2008 | Tiempo final | Almeida / Miguel / Ladrón | 3 episodes |
| 2008–2010 | El Cartel de los Sapos | Pepe Cadena | |
| 2008 | Sin retorno | Daniel | Episode: "Cruces" |
| 2010 | El encantador | Rolando Castaño | |
| 2011 | La Pola | Ambrosio Almeida | 24 episodes |
| 2013 | 5 viudas sueltas | Robin Ruíz | |
| 2014 | La ronca de oro | Álvaro José Sálas | 62 episodes |
| 2016 | Contra el tiempo | Leonardo Pérez | |
| 2017 | Ingobernable | Jaime Bray | 4 episodes |
| 2017–18 | Señora Acero | Julián Montero "Señor Romero" | Main role (season 4); guest role (season 5) |
| 2019 | El General Naranjo | Teniente Hector Talero | |
| 2021 | Café con aroma de mujer | Iván Vallejo | Main role |
| 2022 | Primate | Andrés | |
| 2024 | Darío Gómez: el rey del despecho | Darío Gómez | Main role |
# Gawaan

Gawaan (Somali: Gawaan Dheere) is a populated place in the north-central Mudug region of Somalia.

## Overview

The town is built upon high ground. From this elevation, it is possible to see the city of Hobyo and the Somali Sea, which lies a further 30 km to the east.
Wisil is located to the west on the road to Galkacyo.

## Demographics

Gawaan's population mostly belongs to the Somali ethnic group, with the Sacad sub-clan of the Habar Gidir Hawiye especially well represented.
# 1956 Gibraltar general election

General elections were held in Gibraltar on 21 September 1956. The Association for the Advancement of Civil Rights remained the largest party in the legislature, winning four of the seven elected seats.

## Electoral system

The legislature was elected by single transferable vote, with the number of elected seats expanded from five to seven.

## Campaign

The AACR nominated four candidates, while the new Commonwealth Party nominated three. Three candidates ran as independents.

## Results

| Party | Party | First preferences | % | Seats | +/– |
| | Association for the Advancement of Civil Rights | 3,546 | 48.11 | 4 | +1 |
| | Commonwealth Party | 1,369 | 18.58 | 1 | New |
| | Independents | 2,455 | 33.31 | 2 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 7,370 | 100.00 | 7 | +2 |
| Source: Garcia, Parliament ||||||

### Elected members

| Member | Party |
| John Alcantara | Association for the Advancement of Civil Rights |
| Joshua Hassan | Association for the Advancement of Civil Rights |
| Peter Isola | Independent |
| Albert Risso | Association for the Advancement of Civil Rights |
| Abraham Serfaty | Association for the Advancement of Civil Rights |
| Solomon Seruya | Independent |
| Juan Jose Triay | Commonwealth Party |
| Source: Garcia, Parliament ||
# Edwar Ortiz

Edwar Stíber Ortiz Caro (born 12 August 1980) is a Colombian cyclist, who most recently rode for UCI Continental team Equipe Continental Orgullo Paisa.

## Major results
### 2009

    1st Overall Vuelta a Chiriquí
    1st Stage 1 (TTT) Vuelta a Colombia
    1st Stage 3 Vuelta a Bolivia

### 2010

    1st Overall Tour de Santa Catarina
       1st Stage 2
    Vuelta a Chiriquí
       1st Stages 8 & 10
    3rd Road race, National Road Championships
    9th Overall Volta Ciclística Internacional de Gravataí

### 2011

    Vuelta a Chiriquí
       1st Stages 2 & 6

### 2012

    3rd Overall Vuelta Mexico Telmex
    7th Overall Vuelta a Bolivia
       1st Stages 3 (TTT), 6 & 10

### 2013

    1st Stage 1 Vuelta a Colombia
    3rd Overall Tour do Rio

### 2014

    1st Stage 1 (TTT) Vuelta a Colombia
    1st Stage 7 Vuelta a Chiriquí

### 2015

    1st Stage 1 (TTT) Vuelta a Colombia
    1st Stage 7 Clásico RCN
    1st Stage 1 (TTT) Vuelta a Chiriquí
    2nd Overall Vuelta a la Independencia Nacional
# Halat Um al-Baidh

Halat Um al-Baidh (Arabic: حالة أم البيض) is a town in the island of Sitra, Bahrain. The area was inhabited by 150 people in 1905.
Today it is inhabited by 100 people, most working with tourist facilities located in the town. It is the only village on Sitra belonging to the Southern Governorate of Bahrain.