OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Northern Securities Co. v. United States

Northern Securities Co. v. United States, 193 U.S. 197 (1904), was a case heard by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1903. The Court ruled 5-4 against the stockholders of the Great Northern and Northern Pacific railroad companies, which had essentially formed a monopoly and to dissolve the Northern Securities Company.

## Facts

In 1901, James Jerome Hill, president of and the largest stockholder in the Great Northern Railway, won the financial support of J. P. Morgan and attempted to take over the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad (CB&Q). The CB&Q served a traffic-rich region of the Midwest and Great Plains, was well-managed, and quite profitable. It possessed a finely-engineered line connecting the Twin Cities to the nation's rail center of Chicago, which made it particularly attractive as an addition to Hill's Great Northern.
Hill's strategy was for his railroad and Morgan's Northern Pacific Railway to jointly buy the CB&Q. However, Edward Henry Harriman, president of the Union Pacific Railroad and the Southern Pacific Railroad, also wanted to buy the CB&Q. Harriman demanded a one-third interest in the CB&Q, but Hill refused him. Harriman then began to buy up Northern Pacific's stock, forcing Hill and Morgan to counter by purchasing more stock as well. Northern Pacific's stock price skyrocketed, and the artificially high stock threatened to cause a crash on the New York Stock Exchange.
Hill and Morgan were ultimately successful in obtaining more Northern Pacific stock than Harriman and won control of not only the Northern Pacific but also the CB&Q.
Pressured by Harriman's actions, Hill created a holding company—the Northern Securities Company—to control all three of the railroads. The public was greatly alarmed by the formation of Northern Securities, which threatened to become the largest company in the world and monopolize railroad traffic in the western United States. President William McKinley, however, was not willing to pursue antitrust litigation against Hill. McKinley was assassinated, however, and his progressive Vice-President, Theodore Roosevelt, ordered the United States Department of Justice to pursue a case against Northern Securities. The case was led by Assistant Attorney General Milton D. Purdy.

## Judgment

Justice Harlan held that the merger was unlawful. Justices Day, Brown, McKenna and Brewer concurred.
Justice Holmes, joined by Fuller, White, Peckham, dissented. The Holmes dissent included the famous passage: "Great cases like hard cases make bad law. For great cases are called great, not by reason of their real importance in shaping the law of the future, but because of some accident of immediate overwhelming interest which appeals to the feelings and distorts the judgment."

## Significance

Hill was forced to disband his holding company and manage each railroad independently. The Northern Pacific; the Great Northern; and the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy companies would later merge in 1969. The case was an example of Roosevelt's trust-busting procedures, prosecuting under the Sherman Antitrust Act (1890), and it marked a major victory for the antitrust movement,
# John D. Haynes House

The John D. Haynes House is a house in Fort Wayne, Indiana, designed by Frank Lloyd Wright. The house is a small and modest Usonian design in glass, red tidewater cypress, and Chicago Common Brick on a red concrete slab.
The gallery is offset to meet the rear of the great room at its center, rather than typically to one side. A music room and three bedrooms drop off this gallery. The plan thus generated is an outside T, with great room facing southwest and southeast, bedrooms looking southeast to the morning sun. The gabled roofing is asymmetrical.
The house was designed inside the original layout of the Wildwood Park development which was designed by the noted American landscape architect, Arthur Asahel Shurcliff. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004, and the Historic Preservation Review Board declared the property a Local Historic District in April 2008, at the request of the out-of-state owner. In 2010, the owner, Richard Herber, asked the Historic Preservation Review Board to rescind the historic designation, a request they rejected, citing his failure to explain his change of mind as a factor in their decision. In 2016, he sued the city council and historic preservation commission in U.S. federal court, but the case was dismissed in March 2017.
# Naanum Single Thaan

Naanum Single Thaan (transl. I am also Single) is a 2021 Indian Tamil-language romantic comedy film directed by R. Gopi, starring Dinesh and Deepti Sati. It was produced by Jayakumar and Punnagai Poo Gheetha. It was released on 12 February 2021.

## Plot

Udhay is a tattoo artist who has ‘Virgin Boy’ and the names of Trisha and Nayanthara tattooed on his body. After several failed attempts at wooing women, this gang of ‘Single 90s kids’ come across Swetha. What follows is two hours of Udhay, and his friends, stalking her and forcing her to ‘love’ him, and insufferable sermons about this toxic hero helping the heroine "understand his feelings."

## Cast

* Dinesh as Udhay
* Deepti Sati as Swetha
* Rajendran as Mr Love
* Y. G. Mahendran as Guru
* Manobala as Udhay's father
* Rama as Udhay's mother
* Udayaraj as Guru
* G. M. Sundar as Thangavel
* Kathir
* Vikash Sampath
* Selva

## Production

Director Gopi wrote the film's script with Vignesh Shivan and Nayanthara in mind for the lead role, but the pair turned down the offer. Dinesh was thus signed on to play a Nayanthara fan in the film. After a guest appearance in Solo (2017), Deepti Sati made her first lead appearance in Tamil cinema. Rajendran was cast as a 'love guru', while Manobala also starred in the film. The film was produced by Punnagai Poo Gheetha and Jayakumar.
The film was predominantly shot in London during mid-2019, while remaining portions were completed in Chennai.

## Soundtrack

Soundtrack was composed by Hitesh Manjunath.
* Desi Lady – Lady Kash, Saisharan
* Idhuvarai – Chinmayi, Nivas
* Maamazhai – Armaan Malik

## Release

The film was released across theatres in Tamil Nadu on 12 February 2021, coinciding with Valentine's Day weekend. The film received predominantly negative reviews from critics, with a reviewer from Cinema Express noting "Naanum Single Thaan neither has good comedy nor good acting. All it has is an illogical love story at the heart of it. It’s a carelessly crafted story that normalises an emotionally unhealthy equation." A reviewer from the Times of India wrote "Even if we are just a month into the new year, one can safely predict that Naanum Single Thaan is certain to figure in the list of terrible films of 2021".
# Dreyer Farms

Dreyer Farms is a produce farm in Cranford, New Jersey. It was the winner of Edible Communities' New Jersey Farm local hero award in 2008.

## History

The farm was started in 1904 by Gustav Dreyer and Henry Dreyer when they purchased adjacent farms on Springfield Avenue in Cranford, New Jersey.
In 2018, a solar panel system was installed on the farm's barn and store.
# Jonas Schanche Kielland (born 1863)

Jonas Schanche Kielland (20 November 1863 – 1 June 1925) was a Norwegian judge and politician.

## Family

He was born in Horten to Jacob Kielland and his wife Thora Margrethe (1827–1902), née Bendz. His grandfather was Jacob Kielland, his uncle Jens Zetlitz Kielland and his cousins Kitty Lange and Alexander Kielland. Jonas Schancke Kielland had four older brothers, one of whom died young, and one older sister. His brother Axel Christian Zetlitz Kielland became a diplomat, and another brother Christian Bendz Kielland became a high-ranking civil servant.
In 1893 Jonas Schanche Kielland married Helene Christiane Lorange (1868–1925). The couple had two sons a one daughter:
* Wibeke Trane Kielland, daughter: wife of museum director Robert Kloster
* Thor Bendz Kielland, son: director of the Norwegian Museum of Decorative Arts and Design from 1928 to 1960

## Career

He enrolled in law studies in 1881, and graduated with the cand.jur. degree in 1886. From 1889 to 1910 he worked as an attorney in Stavanger. He rose in the hierarchy to become a judge in 1917 and stipendiary magistrate (byfogd) of Stavanger in 1919.
As a politician, he represented the Conservative Party and was first elected to Stavanger city council in 1902. He was later mayor of Stavanger from 1908 to 1909. He was elected to the Parliament of Norway in the 1909 Norwegian parliamentary election, but after one year of the three-year term he relinquished his seat because of illness. In 1911 he became burgomaster of Stavanger, a position his cousin Alexander Kielland had held from 1891 to 1902.
# Legislative Television

Legislative Television (officially The Legislative Television Broadcast and Recording Services) is a cable television network exclusively in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. Legislative Television was established in 1991 to broadcast the parliamentary proceedings of the Legislative Assembly of Nova Scotia. It is available on EastLink TV digital cable channel 95, as well as on analog cable 10 (or 5 in the Annapolis Valley) during portions of the day from Tuesday to Thursday. The channel is also available on Bell Aliant TV channel 230. The channel does not carry advertising during programming.
Legislative Television also offers audio transcripts of the sessions of government, and broadcasts a live television feed on its website.
# Jüri Aarma

Jüri Aarma (30 May 1951 Kirov Oblast – 21 May 2019 Tallinn) was an Estonian actor, musician and cultural journalist.
From 1970 to 1977, he studied at the Department of the Performing Arts of the Tallinn State Conservatory (now, the Estonian Academy of Music and Theatre) and completed the 6th Flight, under the guidance of Grigori Kromanov and Mikk Mikiver.
He was then an actor in the Youth Theater until 1995. From 1992 to 1996, he was a regular editor, then co-author of Kuku Raadio. From 1995 to 2002 he was a member of Teater. Muusika. Kino.
Aarma has worked for Maaleht since 2005 and has held a number of roles in editing cultural news, writing colorful interviews, participating in several television programs with which Maaleht was a partner. He also hosted the cultural program Praegu ja siin on Tallinna TV.
Aarma was married to choral conductor Merike Aarma and his children are Kiur Aarma and Roosi-Mae Aarma.
On 21 May 2019, Aarma was struck and killed by a train on the Tallinn-Veerenni level crossing while on his bicycle.
# Soft and Sentimental

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Soft and Sentimental is a 1955 album by Jo Stafford.

## Track listing

* "September in the Rain" (Harry Warren, Al Dubin) – 2:58
* "Early Autumn" (Ralph Burns, Woody Herman, Johnny Mercer) – 2:48
* "I'm Always Chasing Rainbows" (Harry Carroll, Joseph McCarthy) – 3:06
* "Don't Worry 'bout Me" (Rube Bloom, Ted Koehler) – 3:09
* "Smoking My Sad Cigarette" (Bee Walker, Don George) – 3:11
* "Love Is Here to Stay" (George Gershwin, Ira Gershwin) – 3:38
# Mary Woodham

Mary Anne Tims Woodham (March 2, 1947 – October 1, 1997), was an American Christian and member of a local Southern Baptist church, where she served in several capacities—teaching classes, singing in the choir, serving on committees, etc.

## Personal life

She was a sweet, kind, wonderful person with a strong work ethic and a great cook. She is dearly missed by all who knew her. Her family and friends were very important to her, and she had a large family and many friends.

## Death

On October 1, 1997, Mary was murdered by her own son, Luke Woodham. She was murdered before the school shooting started. She was bludgeoned by her own son before the shooting in 1997.

### Burial

Mary Woodham was buried at Newbern Cemetery in Newbern, Alabama.
# Cebuano Wikipedia

The Cebuano Wikipedia (Cebuano: Wikipedya sa Sinugboanong Binisayâ) is the Cebuano-language edition of Wikipedia, the free online encyclopedia. Despite being the second-largest Wikipedia in numbers of articles, it has a small community of only 147 active users; nearly all of the 6,116,831 articles were initially created through automatic programs, most notably Sverker Johansson's Lsjbot.

## Importance in the language area

It is the largest Philippine-language Wikipedia by number of articles, ahead of Waray Wikipedia and Tagalog Wikipedia (which as of 3 February 2025 have 1,266,599 and 48,228 articles respectively).
Cebuano is the second most spoken language in the Philippines with about 20 million speakers. The Cebuano-language Wikipedia community has claimed to be the only online encyclopedia in this language.
However, Cebuano Wikipedia does not appear to be widely used in the Philippines; as of March 2021, 90 percent of Wikipedia views from that country were directed at English Wikipedia, with 5 percent going to Tagalog and 3 percent to Russian Wikipedia. About 30 percent of Cebuano Wikipedia views come from China, 22 percent from the United States, and only about 11 percent from the Philippines (roughly the same number as from France).

## History and growth of articles

The Cebuano-language Wikipedia was launched in June 2005. In January 2006, 1,000 articles were created, while in November 2006 there were 1,400 articles. At the end of 2006 and 2007, the bots created ten thousand articles on municipalities in France.
By the end of 2012, the number of articles increased to about 30,000. In December 2012, Lsjbot began to create articles. As a result, the number of articles increased dramatically in 2013, and from February to December 2013, the number of articles increased ninefold. By the end of 2015, about 99 percent of the then 1.4 million articles had been created by bots, including about 25,000 articles about localities and the rest of articles about living beings by Lsjbot.
On 16 July 2014, the Cebuano-language Wikipedia comprised one million articles, making it the twelfth-largest Wikipedia. After overtaking Spanish-, Italian-, Russian-, French-, Dutch- and German-speaking Wikipedia within a year and a half, in February 2016 it reached the two-million mark. After about half a year, followed by the third million, and another half a year later, the fourth million. In August 2017, the five millionth article was created, and it became the second largest Wikipedia.
* The number of articles in Cebuano Wikipedia
* New articles by user groups, bots in blue
* Typical automated article by Lsjbot
An analysis of Cebuano Wikipedia content on Wikidata in July 2015 showed that of the then 1.21 million articles, 95.8 percent are on living beings and biological species (1,160,787) and 3.3 percent are cities and communities (39,420).
# Pawan Khera

Pawan Khera (born 31 July 1968) is an Indian politician from Indian National Congress. He worked as political secretary to Delhi Chief Minister Mrs. Sheila Dixit and is currently serving as Indian National Congress Party's chairman of media and publicity department.
Pawan Khera was appointed as a member of Empowered Action Group of Leaders and Experts (EAGLE) which was constituted by Indian National Congress on 2 February 2025 to monitor the conduct of free and fair elections by the Election Commission of India.

## Political career

Pawan worked as a social sector activist before joining as political secretary to former Delhi Chief Minister Sheila Dikshit.

## Personal life

Pawan is married to Indian author and politician Kota Neelima.
# Pointe-Noire Bay

Pointe-Noire Bay (French: Baie de Pointe-Noire) is a small bay in the Republic of the Congo, at 4°44′36″S 11°49′31″E﻿ / ﻿4.7433333°S 11.8252778°E﻿ / -4.7433333; 11.8252778. The city of Pointe-Noire lies at the southern end of the bay.
# MHG

MHG or mhg may refer to:

## Organisations

* Moscow Helsinki Group, a human rights organization in Russia
* Morgans Hotel Group, an operator of hotels
* Meredian Holdings Group, a biopolymer manufacturer

## Other uses

* Middle High German, a period in the history of the German language
* Mannheim City Airport (IATA code), Germany
* Marrgu language (ISO 639 code), an extinct Aboriginal language
* Monster Hunter Generations
# Challa Vamshi Chand Reddy

Challa Vamshi Chand Reddy is an Indian politician and a member of the Indian National Congress party. In 2014 he was elected as an MLA from Kalwakurthy constituency, situated in Mahbubnagar district of Telangana, India. Before being elected as an MLA, he was the President of Andhra Pradesh Youth Congress.
Vamshi was appointed as a member of Empowered Action Group of Leaders and Experts (EAGLE) which was constituted by Indian National Congress on 2 February 2025 to monitor the conduct of free and fair elections by the Election Commission of India.

## Personal life

He was born in Seri Appareddypally, Mahaboobnagar district into a middle-class family. His father was a Government employee.

## Education

He did his schooling from Board of Intermediate Education and a Gandhi medical college dropout.

## Political career

In 2012, he was elected as the President of Andhra Pradesh Youth Congress. The election holds significance as it was for the first time when the President was not nominated but democratically elected. The election was the idea of Rahul Gandhi who wanted to promote internal democracy in the party. He was briefly suspended from Congress party for instigating a mob to attack Reliance Inc Outlets, based on a Russian website.
| Year | Position |
| 2014 | Member of Legislative Assembly, Kalwakurthy |
| 2012 - 2014 | State President, Andhra Pradesh Youth Congress |
| 2011 - 2012 | NSUI Election Commission, Assam |
| 2006 - 2010 | State President, National Students' Union of India (NSUI) |
| 2005 - 2006 | NSUI State General Secretary |
| 2000 - 2005 | NSUI College President, Gandhi Medical College |
| 2 February 2025 - | Empowered Action Group of Leaders and Experts (EAGLE) Committee Member |
# Palmers Island

Palmers Island may refer to:

## Places

* Palmers Island, New South Wales, Australia
* Palmer Island Light, New Bedford, Massachusetts, USA.
# 1998 Sokcho submarine incident

The 1998 Sokcho submarine incident occurred on 22 June 1998, offshore of the South Korean city of Sokcho.

## Capture

On 22 June, a North Korean Yugo-class submarine became entangled in a fishing driftnet in South Korean waters approximately 18 kilometres (11 mi) east of the port of Sokcho and 33 kilometres (21 mi) south of the inter-Korean border. A South Korean fishing boat observed several submarine crewmen trying to untangle the submarine from the fishing net. The South Korean navy sent a Pohang-class corvette which towed the submarine (with the crew still inside) to a navy base at the port of Donghae. The submarine sank as it was being towed into port; it was unclear if this was as a result of damage or a deliberate scuttling by the crew.
On 23 June, the Korean Central News Agency admitted that a submarine had been lost in a training accident.
On 25 June, the submarine was salvaged from a depth of approximately 30 metres (100 ft) and the bodies of nine crewmen were recovered; five sailors had apparently been killed while four agents had apparently committed suicide. The presence of South Korean drinks suggested that the crew had completed an espionage mission. Log books found in the submarine showed that it had infiltrated South Korean waters on a number of previous occasions.
The bodies of the members of submarine crew were subsequently returned to North Korea in a ceremony that took place in Panmunjom on 3 July 1998.
# 1999 Cook Islands general election

General elections were held in the Cook Islands on 16 June 1999 to elect 25 MPs to the Parliament. The Cook Islands Party won 11 seats, the Democratic Alliance Party 10 seats, and the New Alliance Party 4 seats.

## Results

| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
| | Democratic Alliance Party | 4,168 | 44.48 | 10 | +7 |
| | Cook Islands Party | 3,731 | 39.81 | 11 | –9 |
| | New Alliance Party | 1,256 | 13.40 | 4 | +2 |
| | Independents | 216 | 2.30 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 9,371 | 100.00 | 25 | 0 |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 10,601 | – | | |
| Source: Nohlen et al. ||||||

## Aftermath

Following the elections, the CIP formed a coalition with the NAP, with Geoffrey Henry as Prime Minister and NAP leader Norman George as his deputy. However, three members of the CIP subsequently quit the party and joined the Democrats, forcing Henry's resignation. Joe Williams subsequently became Prime Minister, but was forced to resign in November following a by-election and further coalition realignment. Finally, the Democratic party's Terepai Maoate became Prime Minister, with George as his deputy.
# Kwame Adjeman-Pamboe

Kwame Adjeman-Pamboe (born 24 October 1987), is an English/American professional soccer player who plays as a winger.

## Club career
### Youth and college

Adjeman-Pamboe grew up in Bowie, Maryland, attended Eleanor Roosevelt High School, played club soccer for the Bethesda Raptors and Columbia United, and played two years of college soccer at Saint Francis University before transferring to George Mason University as a junior. In his senior season at George Mason he was named the Most Outstanding Player at the CAA Men's Soccer Championship, was a CAA All-Tournament Team selection, a First-Team NSCAA All-South Atlantic Region selection, and a First-Team All-CAA selection.

### Professional

Adjeman-Pamboe was selected in the 2009 MLS SuperDraft (28th overall) by Colorado Rapids, but after trialling with them was not offered a contract by the club. Adjeman-Pamboe instead signed with Finnish club Viikingit in August 2009 and spent one year with the team, scoring 4 goals in 9 Ykkönen appearances.
Adjeman-Pamboe returned to the United States in 2010, and signed the FC Tampa Bay of the USSF Division 2 Professional League in January.
In February 2011, he returned to his country of birth, England, and signed for Barnet. On February 26, 2011, Kwame made his debut coming off the bench in added time against Lincoln City replacing Sam Deering. He left Barnet at the end of the 2010-11 season.
In Summer 2011, Adjeman-Pamboe joined Agrotikos. He scored his first goal for Agrotikos against Kallithea, with his team winning 1–0. In January 2013, he joined Panachaiki, leaving at the end of the season.
In December 2013, he joined El Qanah in the Egyptian Premier League, scoring on his debut against Ismaily on December 25, in a 1–2 loss. He scored his second goal in a 1–1 draw against Wadi Degla on January 29, 2014.
In November 2018, he joined Jordanian Pro League side Al-Salt, becoming the first English footballer to play in Jordan.