OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Death of Jonny K.

Jonny K. was a man who was fatally beaten at Alexanderplatz in Mitte, Berlin, Germany on 14 October 2012. Six people were criminally prosecuted for the beating.
Jonny K. was a 20-year-old Thai-German student. He was a Buddhist and was born in Khon Kaen, Thailand on 7 April 1992.

## Attack and arrests

He was with friends when one of them was attacked, and he received injuries when he attempted to intervene. The attack occurred close to a bar. Jonny K. was hospitalised before succumbing to a brain hemorrhage.
Police in Berlin arrested four of the accused while another one, Onur U., initially fled to Turkey. Onur U., a Turkish citizen, was 19 years old at the time and was an amateur boxer. He later said that he left Germany as he felt he was being presumed guilty. In April 2013 the Turkish authorities extradited Onur U. to Germany. Prosecutors stated that he was the primary culprit, as he was the first to punch the victim.
The trial began in May 2013. Two of the accused were charged with aggravated assault and the remaining ones were charged with grievous bodily harm causing death. The suspects were not charged with manslaughter or murder as the court could not determine that they planned to kill the victim. The prosecution wanted a five-and a-half-year sentence for Onur U. while the suspect said he did not hit Jonny K.
In June 2013 a mistrial was declared, therefore requiring the trial to occur again. Sentencing occurred in August 2013. Onur U., classified as a juvenile, was sentenced to four-and-a-half years. Five other men, all of ages ranging from 19 to 24, each received sentences with the highest being two years and eight months.

## Aftermath

According to Deutsche Welle, the killing sparked nationwide outrage and triggered a debate on youth violence.
Jonny K.'s sister, Tina K., began anti-violence advocacy. She was a co-plaintiff in the criminal case against the suspects.
# John Buchanan (footballer, born 1951)

John Buchanan (born 19 September 1951) is a Scottish former professional footballer and manager. During his career he played for Ross County, Northampton Town and Cardiff City, developing a reputation as a goalscoring midfielder.

## Career

Buchanan was playing in the Highland Football League for Ross County when he joined Northampton Town in 1970. He soon established himself in the first team and eventually moved to Cardiff City in October 1974 in exchange for John Farrington, making his debut in a 3–2 victory over York City. Cardiff were relegated in his first year at the club but bounced back up to the division the following season. Despite Buchanan being a midfielder he topped the club's scoring charts in two of his seven seasons with his impressive scoring record, his highest being a total of sixteen during the 1978–79 season including his only hattrick for Cardiff, during a 4–0 win over Sheffield United.
During his time at Cardiff, Buchanan was once arrested during a match. After watching Cardiff players Keith Pontin and Phil Dwyer receive red cards in the same incident Buchanan, himself suspended and watching the match from the stands, attempted to get on the pitch to voice his opinion to the referee only to be confronted by police. He left Ninian Park in 1981 to return to Northampton where he finished his career.
Buchanan later returned to the Highland League with Ross County as manager followed by a spell with Highland League neighbours, Brora Rangers Before playing football professionally he played shinty for Caberfeidh.

## After retirement

Buchanan worked as a butcher in his hometown Dingwall.

## Honours
### Cardiff City

* Welsh Cup runner-up: 1974–75, 1976–77
* Football League Third Division runner-up: 1975–76
# Bruno Contrada

Bruno Contrada (born September 2, 1931 in Naples, Italy) is the former police chief of Palermo and deputy director of the civil intelligence service SISDE who was arrested based on revelations of former Sicilian Mafiosi turned pentiti, Gaspare Mutolo and Giuseppe Marchese.

## Biography

Contrada was born in Naples. He entered the Italian police in 1958, and in 1973 he received the command of the judiciary police in Palermo.
In 1982 he moved to SISDE with the responsibility of the offices in Sicily and Sardinia. In 1986, he was called to Rome in the Operational Division of the SISDE directory. In 1992, together with Italian Police head Arturo Parisi, he had a secret meeting with antimafia judge Paolo Borsellino under the direction of the then Minister of Interiors, Nicola Mancino. Borsellino, who was reportedly shattered by the meeting, was assassinated two days later in Palermo. Contrada later declared to have been a friend of Borsellino, but the latter's family sharply denied this. Other leading antimafia judge, Giovanni Falcone (also killed two months before Borsellino) had also declared that he did not trust Contrada.
On 24 December 1992, Contrada was arrested. He was accused of having informed the Mafia of upcoming police operations, and preventing an early capture of the Corleonesi boss and fugitive Totò Riina.
Contrada had initially come under suspicion when the first pentito, Tommaso Buscetta warned the anti-Mafia prosecutor, Giovanni Falcone that in 1984, Contrada was suspected of protecting certain bosses, tipping them off about possible police raids. Falcone had also suspected Contrada of informing the Mafia of his intention to invite visiting Swiss prosecutors to his summer house in Addaura on the afternoon of June 19, 1989, when an attempt was made on his life. During the investigations into the money laundering networks of the Mafia in Switzerland it became clear that Contrada had warned a suspect about his impending arrest so that he could escape in time.
The first trial against him began on April 12, 1994, lasted for twenty-two hearings and ended on April 5, 1996, the courts sentenced him to ten years imprisonment for collusion with the Mafia. On May 4, 2001, the Court of Appeal acquitted him, but on December 12, 2002, the Court of Cassation annulled that judgement on appeal, ordering a new trial before a different section of the Court of Appeal of Palermo. On February 26, 2006, the appellate court confirmed, after 31 hours of deliberations, the verdict of the first trial and sentenced Contrada to ten years in prison and payment of court costs. On May 10, 2007, the Court of Cassation confirmed the conviction on appeal.
In 2015, the European Court of Human Rights ruled that Contrada was convicted for acts that at that time were not a crime, in violation of the principle of non-retroactivity of criminal law (nulla poena sine lege). In 2017, 25 years after his arrest, the Supreme Court of Cassation definitively annulled the guilty verdict.
# 1871 in animation

Events in 1871 in animation.

## Events

* October 10: Thomas Ross received British Patent 2685 for an improved version of his small transparent phenakistiscope system, which was called Wheel of life. This version of the animation device had 13 images and a single slot shutter disc.
* Specific date unknown: During the Siege of Paris (1870-1871) by the Prussian Army, the inventor René Dagron proposed to the French authorities to use his microfilming process to carry the messages by carrier pigeons across German lines. Dagron photographed pages of newspapers in their entirety which he then converted into miniature photographs. He subsequently removed the collodion film from the glass base and rolled it tightly into a cylindrical shape which he then inserted into miniature tubes that were transported fastened to the tail feathers of the pigeons. Upon receipt the microphotograph was reattached to a glass frame and was then projected by magic lantern on the wall. The message contained in the microfilm could then be transcribed or copied. By 28 January 1871, when Paris and the Government of National Defense surrendered, Dagron had delivered 115,000 messages to Paris by carrier pigeon.

## Births
### September

* September 26 (estimated): Winsor McCay, Canadian-American animator, cartoonist, and vaudeville performer, (pioneered the animation techniques of inbetweening, registration marks, and cycling, directed the animated films Little Nemo, How a Mosquito Operates, Gertie the Dinosaur, The Sinking of the Lusitania, and The Centaurs), (d. 1934).

### October

* October 17: Segundo de Chomón, Spanish film director, cinematographer, and screenwriter, (pioneer in the production of trick films, his films relied extensively on animation, a field in which he was a pioneer; he used animation techniques which were seldom used by his main competitor, Georges Méliès. His stop-motion film Sculpteur moderne featured heaps of clay molding themselves into detailed sculptures that were capable of minor movements.) (d. 1929).
# Foja Range languages

The Foja Range languages, or Tor–Kwerba in more limited scope, are a family of about two dozen Papuan languages. They are named after the Foja Mountains of western New Guinea.

## Languages

All the languages had been part of Stephen Wurm's 1975 Trans–New Guinea proposal, but he did not recognize them as a unit, retaining Kwerba within Capell's 1962 Dani–Kwerba proposal, for example. Foley (2018) classifies the Orya–Tor and Kwerbic languages together, as Tor–Kwerba. Usher (2020) adds Nimboran and Mawes, naming the expanded family Foja Range, after the Foja mountain range that passes through all four branches of the family.
* Foja Range
** Orya–Tor
** Nimboran
** Mawes †
** West Foja Range (Greater Kwerbic)
*** Isirawa
*** Masep
*** Kapauri–Sause
*** Apauwar–Kwerba (Kwerbic)
**** Apauwar Coast
**** Kwerba

## Typological overview

Even though grammatical gender is present in Tor-Kwerba languages, there is no overt gender marking on nouns.

## Pronouns

Reconstructed proto-Tor-Kwerba independent pronouns are:
    Proto-Tor-Kwerba independent pronouns sgpl 1 *ati ~ *ait*ne(n) 2 *ame*ame

## Cognates

Reconstructed proto-Tor-Kwerba words that are widely distributed throughout the family (Foley 2018):
* *nukwe 'eye'
* *tVn 'leg'
* *nen 'louse'
* *uŋis 'sky'
* *ti ~ *it 'tree'
# Vello Kaaristo

Vello Kaaristo (before 1936 Vassili Krassikov; 17 March 1911 in Narva – 14 August 1965) was the first Estonian cross-country skier to compete in the Olympics. At the 1936 Winter Olympics in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, he placed 30th in the 18 km event with a time of 1'25:11, and 23rd in the 50 km event with a time of 4'02:52.
# 2012 Paris Motor Show

The Mondial de l'Automobile de Paris 2012, known in English as the 2012 Paris Motor Show, took place from 29 September to 14 October 2012 at Paris Expo.

## Introductions
### Motorsport cars

Ferrari teased the successor to the Enzo by showing just the bare-bones skeleton of the new car. It will be a hybrid and will be revealed in 2013.
# Tisovec Limestone

The Tisovec Limestone is a geologic formation in Austria. It preserves fossils dated to the Triassic period.
# Quendon Hall

Quendon Hall is a historic manor house located in the village of Quendon, Essex, England. The name "Quendon" derives from the Old English words *cwena* (queen or woman) and *denu* (valley), meaning "valley owned by a queen or woman." This may refer to Ricula, wife of King Sledd of Essex, who is associated with the adjacent parish of Quendon and Rickling.

## History
### Early Ownership

In 1520, Thomas Newman acquired the property and built the original hall. Later, in the 17th century, John Turner, Esq., rebuilt the house and enclosed the park. The estate subsequently passed to Henry Cranmer in 1741, from whom it descended to James Powell Cranmer. Other notable residents included William Foot Mitchell, MP, and Launcelot Cranmer-Byng.

### Architectural Evolution

Originally named "Newman Hall," the house was constructed as a timber-framed, gabled structure in the mid-16th century. It was remodeled in brick by Thomas Turner around 1670–1680, when it was renamed Quendon Hall. Turner also established the park's iconic north and south avenues.
In the 18th and 19th centuries, the Cranmer family enlarged the park and added a beamed dining room. Sir William Foot Mitchell, who purchased the estate in 1907, updated the gardens and added a new wing.
Following a fire in 1956, Sir Robert Adeane purchased the estate. In 1969, the third Earl of Inchcape remodeled the interior, added a dry moat, and re-routed the south drive.

### Modern usage

The property is now under corporate ownership, run as Parklands Quendon, hosting both weddings and corporate events.

## Description
### Location and Setting

Quendon Hall is situated approximately 8 km north of Bishop's Stortford, at the northern edge of Quendon village. The estate spans approximately 60 hectares, bordered by farmland and the village to the south. The M11 motorway intersects the estate's eastern boundary.

### Principal Building

The Grade I-listed mansion is a two-storey red-brick building with stucco bands and a tiled roof. The irregular west entrance front features an early 20th-century Doric-columned porch. Originally timber-framed, the house was remodeled in brick during the late 17th century. Notable additions include a 20th-century south-west wing and interior modifications following the mid-20th-century fire.

### Gardens and Parkland

The estate features formal gardens to the south, east, and north of the Hall, including a gravel terrace, box-hedged lawns, and remnants of a 17th-century moat. The parkland is characterized by mature trees, including oaks and horse chestnuts, and retains elements of 17th-century design, such as the north avenue.

### Notable Features

* Walled Garden — situated north-east of the Hall, this area includes a swimming pool and tennis court. Historically, it served as a kitchen garden and bowling green.
* Outbuildings — these include a Grade II-listed 17th-century barn, a Grade II*-listed octagonal dovecote, and late 20th-century stable buildings.
# József Horváth (handballer)

József Horváth (7 August 1947 – 30 September 2022) was a Hungarian handball player who competed in the 1972 Summer Olympics.
Horváth was born in Bátmonostor on 7 August 1947. In 1972, he was part of the Hungarian team which finished eighth in the Olympic tournament. He played four matches. He died in Madrid, Spain on 30 September 2022, at the age of 75.
# Agathon Marie Rene de La Bintinaye

Agathon Marie René de La Bintinaye (24 March 1758- December 1792) was a French naval officer, known for being central in the victory on 7 October 1779, near the island of Ouessant off the coast of Brittany, of his frigate La Surveillante over the British frigate HMS Quebec, 6 October 1779. The incident occurred during the English channel skirmishes of the Anglo-French war (1778-1783). He lost an arm during the combat. He emigrated to England in 1790 due to the French Revolution, renouncing his pension. He died in London.
# James Cornford (cricketer, born 1978)

James Michael Cornford (born 6 September 1978) is an English former first-class cricketer.
The son of an antiques restorer, Cornford was born in Crewe. After completing his secondary education, Cornford attended Reaseheath College where he studied golf course and green management. Having found himself unemployed six months after leaving Reaseheath College, Cornford took a loan of £3,000 from The Prince's Trust to start his own cricket bat making business, which by 2000 counted Keith Semple and Muazam Ali as clients.
He made his debut in minor counties cricket for Cheshire in the 1999 Minor Counties Championship against Devon. He made five appearances in 1999 and nine in 2000. Cornford also made six appearances for Cheshire in the 2000 MCCA Knockout Trophy, and one appearance in the 2001 MCCA Knockout Trophy. He travelled to Zimbabwe in March 2002 to play for the Midlands cricket team, making his debut in first-class cricket in the 2001–02 Logan Cup against Matabeleland. He made four further appearances during the competition, ending as Midlands' leading run-scorer for the season with 314 runs. Returning to England, Cornford played one match for the Worcestershire Cricket Board in the 2002 MCCA Knockout Trophy, before returning to Zimbabwe to play List A one-day cricket for Midlands in the 2002–03 Faithwear Inter-Provincial One-Day Series, making two appearances against Matabeleland and Mashonaland.
By 2009, his cricket equipment business was supplying the England cricket team and the Australia national cricket team with training aids.
# Molunkus Stream

Molunkus Stream is a tributary of the Mattawamkeag River in Maine. From the confluence of the stream's East Branch and West Branch (45°53′50″N 68°24′20″W﻿ / ﻿45.8973°N 68.4055°W﻿ / 45.8973; -68.4055﻿ (Molunkus Stream source)) in Sherman, the river runs 35.6 miles (57.3 km) southeast to its mouth on the Mattawamkeag in Kingman.
# John Clarke (actor)

John Clarke (April 14, 1931 – October 16, 2019) was an American television actor. Clarke is recognized for originating and portraying Mickey Horton on the NBC soap opera Days of Our Lives for 39 years, beginning with the debut of the program in 1965, until his retirement in 2004.
In 1959, Clarke acted with Ida Lupino in an episode of CBS's The Twilight Zone titled The Sixteen-Millimeter Shrine. In the 1961-1962 television season, he was cast in 27 episodes as Patrolman Joe Huddleston in Leslie Nielsen's ABC crime drama series, The New Breed.
His daughter is actress Melinda Clarke, who started out on Days of our Lives and later played Julie Cooper on the television series, The O.C.
Clarke died on October 16, 2019, from complications of pneumonia at the age of 88.

## Awards

He was nominated for the 1979 Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Actor in a Daytime Drama Series for Days of Our Lives. In 2005 he was awarded the Daytime Emmys Lifetime Achievement Award

## Selected filmography
### Film

* Operation Bottleneck (1961) - Sgt. Marty Regan
* You Have to Run Fast (1961) - Chuck
* Gun Street (1961) - Deputy Sheriff Sam Freed
* Judgment at Nuremberg (1961) - Prison Guard (uncredited)
* It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World (1963) - Helicopter Pilot (uncredited)
* The Thin Red Line (1964) - (uncredited)
* Finger on the Trigger (1965) - Numitah
* The Satan Bug (1965) - Lt. Raskin
* Critics and Other Freaks (1997) - Curmundgeon

### Television

* Gunsmoke (1959, 1962 & 1963) - Tom Rutger, Mackie & Young Man
* Destination Space (1959, TV Movie) - Space Ship Crew
* The Twilight Zone (1959, 1 episode) - Young Jerry Hearndan
* Hawaiian Eye (1960, 1 episode) - Jablonsky
* The New Breed (1961–1962, 27 episodes) - Officer Joe Huddleston
* Petticoat Junction (1963, 1 episode, Cave Woman) - Brooks T Webster
* Death Valley Days (1960–1968, 7 episodes) - Reverend Peter Green / Fred Gilmer / Maurice Dory / Bill Crawford / Virgil Earp / Harlow / Mark Kellogg / Will Skidmore
* Days of Our Lives (1965–2004) - Mickey Horton (final appearance)
# Nebraska Center for the Book

The Nebraska Center for the Book is the Nebraska affiliate of the Center for the Book in the Library of Congress. It bestows out the annual Nebraska Book Awards in conjunction with the Nebraska Library Commission.
The Center's goal is to bring "readers, writers, booksellers, librarians, publishers, printers, educators, and scholars" together to excite interest in "the written word".

## Awards
### Nebraska Book Awards

The Nebraska book awards are given annually to books written by Nebraska authors, set in Nebraska, related to Nebraska or published by Nebraska-based publishers. Prizes are awarded in the categories of, Nonfiction, Fiction, Children/Young Adult, Cover/Design/Illustration, Anthology and Poetry.
In 2019 the Center was at the center of a political controversy when Governor Pete Ricketts refused to sign the customary proclamation declaring the winner on the grounds that the winning book, This Blessed Earth, by written by Nebraska journalist and author Ted Genoways, is a "political activist" whose book is "divisive." According to the Associated Press, Genoways has been critical of Obama administration policies, of the fact that Nebraska has an entirely Republican congressional delegation and of the Keystone XL pipeline.

### Mildred Bennett Award

The Mildred Bennett Award is given to an individual for a significant contribution to the Nebraska literary tradition. It is named in honor of Mildred Bennett, who was the founding president of Nebraska's Willa Cather Pioneer Memorial and Educational Foundation.
# ஒண்டாரி

←Removed redirect to Kapu (caste)
# 1877 in animation

Events in 1877 in animation.

## Events

* August 11: On August 11, 1877, the Daily Alta newspaper announced a project by Eadward Muybridge and Leland Stanford to produce sequences of photographs of a running horse with 12 stereoscopic cameras. Muybridge had much experience with stereo photography and had already made instantaneous pictures of Stanford's horse Occident running at full speed. He eventually managed to shoot the proposed sequences of running horses in June 1878, with stereoscopic cameras. The published result and animated versions for his zoopraxiscope were not stereoscopic, but in 1898 Muybridge claimed that he had (privately) viewed the pictures in two synchronized zoetropes with Wheatstone's reflecting stereoscope as a "very satisfactory reproduction of an apparently solid miniature horse trotting, and of another galloping".
* August 30: Charles-Émile Reynaud patented the praxinoscope, an animation device that improved on the zoetrope. Like the zoetrope, the praxinoscope used a strip of pictures placed around the inner surface of a spinning cylinder. The praxinoscope improved on the zoetrope by replacing its narrow viewing slits with an inner circle of mirrors that intermittently reflected the images. The praxinoscope allowed a much clearer view of the moving image compared to the zoetrope, since the zoetrope's images were actually mostly obscured by the spaces in between its slits. Reynaud mentioned the possibility of projecting the images in his 1877 patent, but did not complete his praxinoscope projection device until 1880.

## Births
### February

* February 13: Sidney Smith, American cartoonist (created an animated film series adapting his own comic strip Old Doc Yak, credited as the first animated series with a recurring character; created the popular comic strip The Gumps, which was adapted into a film series combining live-action and animation), (d. 1935).

### May

* May 25: Billy Murray, American singer (voice of Bimbo in the Betty Boop cartoons), (d. 1954).

### July

* July 27: Florence Gill, British actress (voice of Clara Cluck, and the title character in The Wise Little Hen), (d. 1965).

### August

* August 8: Aleksandr Khanzhonkov, Russian cinema entrepreneur, film director, and screenwriter (producer of Ladislas Starevich's ground-breaking stop motion animation), (d. 1945).

### December

* December 14: Harry Hemsley, English comedian, radio presenter, comics artist, illustrator, actor, and animator (made a 1940 animated short based on the characters from his Ovaltiney's Concert Party radio show and comics in which he also voiced himself), (d. 1951).