OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# All India Revolutionary Students Federation

The All India Revolutionary Students Federation (AIRSF) was a frontal organisation of the Communist Party of India (Maoist).

## History

The Radical Students Union (RSU) organised an all-India seminar in Madras in August 1981 to discuss the nationality question in India.
The Revolutionary Students' Organisations Co-ordination Committee (RSOCC) was formed as a follow-up step. Four years later, in 1985 the All India Revolutionary Students' Federation held its first conference in Hyderabad. Yalavarthi Naveen Babu, later to become a senior Naxalite leader, became editor of the AIRSF magazine Kalam in 1990. The AIRSF was banned in Andhra Pradesh, but in 2004 the state government lifted the ban to allow for peace talks. While talks were underway the People's War Group (PWG) merged with Maoist Communist Centre (MCC) to form the Communist Party of India (Maoist).
The Naxalites suffered a serious setback in 2005. After Congress legislator C. Narsi Reddy was killed, on 17 August 2005 a ban was re-imposed in Andhra Pradesh on the Communist Party of India (Maoist) and its frontal organisations including the AIRSF and the Radical Youth League. Bans were repeatedly reimposed, one year at a time. In August 2006 the ban was extended for a year. In August 2009 the Andhra Pradesh government extended the ban for another year. In August 2011 the ban was again extended for another year.
# Pavlivka, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast

Pavlivka (Ukrainian: Павлівка) is a village in the Ivano-Frankivsk Raion of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast in Ukraine.

## History

On 7 June 1946, by decree of the Presidium of the Verkhovna Rada of the Ukrainian SSR, the village of Pavelche was renamed to Pavlivka.
Until 18 July 2020, Pavlivka belonged to Tysmenytsia Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast to six. The area of Tysmenytsia Raion was merged into Ivano-Frankivsk Raion.
There is a cemetery of soldiers of the Austro-Hungarian Army who died during World War I, destroyed by the Soviet authorities, found and placed in order in 2022.

## Demographics

According to the 2001 Ukrainian Census, the distribution of the native languages of the population are as below:
| Language | Percentage |
| Ukrainian | 99.73 % |
| Russian | 0.13 % |
# Türkiye-Azerbaijan University

Türkiye-Azerbaijan University is a higher education institution established in 2024 through a partnership between Azerbaijan Technical University and Turkish institutions, including Middle East Technical University, Istanbul Technical University, and Hacettepe University.

## History

The establishment of Turkiye-Azerbaijan University was formalized on February 19, 2024, in Ankara, through a Memorandum of Understanding signed by Azerbaijan’s Ministry of Science and Education and Türkiye's Higher Education Council (YÖK), with Presidents Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and Ilham Aliyev overseeing the agreement.
TAÜ's first cohort consisted of 86 students enrolled in programs such as computer engineering (supported by Middle East Technical University), industrial engineering (supported by Istanbul Technical University), and food engineering (supported by Hacettepe University). The university aims to prepare professionals in strategic fields by leveraging the scientific expertise of both Azerbaijan and Turkey. It offers associate, undergraduate, and graduate programs in collaboration with notable Turkish institutions, with a focus on attracting international students.

## Education

Turkiye-Azerbaijan University (TAÜ) operates from the Baku Higher Oil School (BHOS) building, located on Khojaly Avenue in the Khatai district of Baku. The building formerly housed BHOS before the university's establishment. The university's administrative and financial matters are overseen by Azerbaijan, while academic affairs are managed by Turkey. A budget of 10 million manat has been allocated to support the university’s operations.
Initially, the university’s educational offerings are focused on Azerbaijani citizens, with plans to admit 90 students for the first academic year. Future enrollment is expected to increase by 100–200 students annually. Education at TAÜ is provided free of charge, with teaching conducted in English and Turkish. The university operates in partnership with Azerbaijan Technical University and engages faculty members from Istanbul Technical University, Middle East Technical University, and Hacettepe University, who visit regularly to conduct classes.

## Programs

* Food engineering
* Industrial engineering
* Computer engineering
# David Mahoney (soccer)

David Mahoney (born April 14, 1981) is an American soccer goalkeeper, who formerly played for the Chicago Fire of Major League Soccer.
Mahoney played college soccer at Brown University during the 2001 and 2002 seasons before transferring to Cornell University for 2003 and 2004. During his college years he was prolific in the Premier Development League, playing for Bradenton Academics and Cape Cod Crusaders. In 2005, he played one game for the Western Mass Pioneers.
He began his professional career with the Chicago Fire in 2005 as part of the newly formed MLS Reserve Division. He got his first call up after the two other goalkeepers on the Chicago Fire, Zach Thornton and Matt Pickens became injured. He started 3 games in October with a record of 1-1-1 with a 1.33 GAA, 7 saves and 1 shutout (10/01 @ Kansas City). In 2006, the Fire sent Mahoney on loan with the Seattle Sounders in the USL First Division.
Mahoney was released by the Fire in 2007 when Jon Busch was picked up off waivers.
In June 2014 Mahoney married longtime girlfriend Rachel Buchanan in Chicago.
# Mlázovice

Mlázovice is a market town in Jičín District in the Hradec Králové Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 600 inhabitants.

## Administrative division

Mlázovice consists of two municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
* Mlázovice (546)
* Mezihoří (5)

## Etymology

The name is derived from the personal name Mlaz, meaning "the village of Mlaz's people". Originally the name was Mlazovice, but in the 16th century it was distorted to Mlázovice because of its similarity with the word mlází ('young forest').

## Geography

Mlázovice is located about 12 kilometres (7 mi) east of Jičín and 30 km (19 mi) northwest of Hradec Králové. It lies in the Jičín Uplands. The highest point is the hill Maxinec at 450 m (1,480 ft) above sea level. The Javorka River flows along the eastern municipal border.

## History

The first written mention of Mlázovice is from 1360, when there was a fortress owned by Jiřík of Mlázovice. The owners of Mlázovice often changed. In 1424, during the Hussite Wars, the fortress and the village were burned down, but the village recovered. In 1540, during the rule of the Karlík of Nežetice family, Mlázovice was promoted to a market town. In 1594, Mlázovice was acquired by the Smiřický family and annexed to the Hořice estate.

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1869 | 1,049 | — |
| 1880 | 1,010 | −3.7% |
| 1890 | 914 | −9.5% |
| 1900 | 830 | −9.2% |
| 1910 | 790 | −4.8% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1921 | 782 | −1.0% |
| 1930 | 732 | −6.4% |
| 1950 | 553 | −24.5% |
| 1961 | 697 | +26.0% |
| 1970 | 659 | −5.5% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1980 | 683 | +3.6% |
| 1991 | 598 | −12.4% |
| 2001 | 594 | −0.7% |
| 2011 | 552 | −7.1% |
| 2021 | 551 | −0.2% |
Source: Censuses :

## Transport

There are no railways or major roads passing through the municipality.

## Sights

The main landmark of Mlázovice is the Church of the Holy Trinity. It was built in the Baroque style in 1725, on the site of an older wooden church. The bell tower was finished in 1760.

## Notable people

* Jan Křtitel Kuchař (1751–1829), musician and composer; lived here in childhood
# 1524 in science

The year 1524 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here.

## Exploration and geography

* January 17 – Florentine explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano, on board La Dauphine in the service of Francis I of France, sets out from Madeira for the New World to seek out a westabout sea route to the Pacific Ocean.
* March 1 (approximate date) – da Verrazzano's expedition makes landfall at Cape Fear.
* April 17 – da Verrazzano's expedition makes the first European entry into New York Bay.
* July 8 – da Verrazzano's expedition returns to Dieppe.
* Petrus Apianus publishes Cosmographicus liber in Landshut, a popular textbook on navigation.

## Mathematics

* Adam Ries publishes his algebraic text Coß.

## Births

* September 7 – Thomas Erastus, Swiss physician and theologian (died 1583)
* probable date – Thomas Tusser, English chorister and agriculturalist (died 1580)

## Deaths

* August 28 – Fazio Cardano, Italian mathematician (born 1444)
* December 20 – Thomas Linacre, English physician (born 1460)
* December 24 – Vasco da Gama, Portuguese navigator (born c. 1469)
# Chetna Natya Manch

Chetna Natya Manch (CNM; English: Awakening and Dramatic Arts Front) is the "Cultural Troupe" of the Communist Party of India (Maoist). Chetna Natya Manch is headed by Leng (who is from Andhra Pradesh), and has more than 10,000 members.

## Background and activities

   "Gearing the fallows, Ploughing the fields, With our sweat as streams, We harvested the crops. Whose was the grain? Whose was the gruel?"
The CNM is the "propaganda unit" and "cultural wing" of the Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) People's War (PWG), and "conducted dance, drama, poetry and musical workshops" in the villages, "inspiring young people to join the PWG." According to them, they are a "cultural team", and they "don't fight" but only "sing". They also focus on literature and plastic arts. They have raised their music cassettes by themselves and also have a "mobile editing unit."
The CNM attracts "huge crowds" to their presentations.

## Publication

The CNM, in August 1994, began publishing a bimonthly magazine named "Jhankar" in Bengali, Gondi, Hindi, Marathi and Telugu. It is still published.

## Opposition

The government of India's ministry of Information and Broadcasting has "activated its own cultural wing" to "counter" the CNM, which they believe is "instigating the tribals against the Indian state through songs and cultural programmes."
The CNM was banned by the government of Chhattisgarh on 16 August 2013 under the Chhattisgarh Special Public Security Act for its alleged participation in the "insurgency activities" in the Red corridor region of Chhattisgarh, and recently, the ban has been extended till 30 August 2015.
# Deep house

Deep house is a subgenre of house music that originated in the 1980s, initially fusing elements of Chicago house with the lush chords of 1980s jazz-funk and touches of soul music. Its origins are attributed to the early recordings of Larry Heard (aka Mr. Fingers), including his influential track "Can You Feel It".

## Characteristics

Deep house is known for tempos typically from 110 to 125 bpm, muted basslines, spacious use of percussion elements (typically using a Roland TR-909 drum machine), soft keyboard sounds (pads), use of advanced chord structures, ambient mixes, and soulful vocals.

## History

Deep house was largely pioneered by Chicago producers such as Marshall Jefferson (On the House) and Larry Heard (Mr. Fingers) and with tracks such as "Mystery of Love" (1985) and "Can You Feel It?" (1986); the latter had a similar impact on deep house to that of Derrick May's "Strings of Life" (1987) on Detroit techno. The jazzy sound became more common due to the favored use of gentler, more organic (yet still synthesizer based) production and instrument sounds. Author Richie Unterberger has stated that Heard's deep house sound moved house music away from its posthuman tendencies back towards the lush, soulful sound of early disco music (particularly that of old Philadelphia International and Salsoul records). "Can You Feel It" became a deep house blueprint; Heard used a Roland Juno-60 synthesizer to create the deep bassline, along with a Roland TR-909 drum machine for the beats.
DJ Ron Trent stated that the term was initially used to describe the DJ work of Frankie Knuckles and Ron Hardy, who departed from a strictly electronic house sound to incorporate eclectic elements like disco, jazz, and underground music.
In the 2000s and 2010s, the genre remained very popular. By around mid/late 2010s, however, the perception of the genre was resulting in a sense that some house music was being labeled "deep" inappropriately, and the term has since been used to encapsulate various types of bassline-driven house music, later named Brazilian bass or slap house, as the genre evolves from its historical origins.

## Artists, DJs and record labels

For a list of deep house producers and disc jockeys, see: Deep house musicians.
Record labels of the genre include Alleviated Records (Larry Heard), Madhouse Records. Inc (Kerri Chandler), AFTR:HRS, Glasgow Underground, Naked Music, Om Records, Peacefrog Records, Soma, Source, Anjunadeep and Spinnin' Deep. Examples of deep house albums from artists known from other genres include The Martyr Mantras (1990) and Modernism: A New Decade (1989) from The Style Council.
# Campbell, Ontario

Campbell is an unincorporated community in Ontario, Canada. It is recognized as a designated place by Statistics Canada.

## Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Campbell had a population of 595 living in 260 of its 462 total private dwellings, a change of 27.7% from its 2016 population of 466. With a land area of 158.09 km$^2$ (61.04 sq mi), it had a population density of 3.8/km$^2$ (9.7/sq mi) in 2021.
Population of Campbell :
| Name | Population (2021) | Population (2016) | Change | Land area (km$^2$) | Population density |
| Campbell part A | 595 | 466 | +27.7% | 158.09 | 3.8/km$^2$ |
| Campbell part B | 0 | 0 | NA | 0 | NA |
| Total | 595 | 466 | +27.7% | 158.09 | 3.8/km$^2$ |
# Inga-Stina Ewbank

Inga-Stina Ewbank SBS (13 June 1932 – 7 June 2004) was a Swedish-born academic and educator in Great Britain, Munich, Hong Kong and the United States, as well as an author and translator. She is believed to have been to date the only holder of an English chair of English Literature to have spoken no English until the age of 19 (in her case, having spoken only Swedish until that time).

## Early life and education

Born as Inga-Stina Ekeblad, she attended school in Gothenburg before winning a scholarship to Carleton College, Minnesota. After graduating she had a string of research appointments: at Sheffield University (MA), at Liverpool University (as William Noble Fellow) from 1955 to 1957, and at the Shakespeare Institute of Birmingham University from 1957 to 1960. During the later part of this period she taught at the University of Munich.

## Teaching English literature

She returned to Liverpool University as lecturer in 1960, and was promoted to a Senior Lecturership in 1970. Her interest in women's literature was demonstrated by Their Proper Sphere: a study of the Brontë sisters as early-Victorian female novelists (1966). In 1972 she became Reader in English literature at Bedford College, London.
In 1985 Professor Ewbank accepted a chair at the University of Leeds. Greatly in demand as a lecturer and at overseas conferences, she travelled widely, with spells as a visiting scholar at Harvard University and other American universities. From 1982 to 1997 she was a member of the University Grants Committee for the University of Hong Kong.
She was recognized as a scholar of Ibsen's works and worked increasingly in both England and Norway during the later part of her life.

## Death

She died in London on 7 June 2004, at age 71.

## Family

In 1959 she married Roger Ewbank; they had one son and two daughters.

## Awards

* Elected to the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters in 1991
* Honorary doctorate from the University of Hong Kong in 1999
* Awarded the Silver Bauhinia Star in 1999
* Honorary doctorate from the University of Oslo in 1998
* Honorary doctorate from the University of Gothenburg in 2001
# Mount Semangkok

Mount Semangkok is a mountain in Malaysia with the height of 1,830 metres (6,004 ft). Its peak borders the states of Pahang and Selangor. The mountain is the highest point in Selangor. It is located very close to Fraser's Hill.
# Meldrim trestle disaster

The Meldrim trestle disaster was a train derailment and fire at Meldrim, Georgia, United States, on June 28, 1959. Involved was a Seaboard Air Line mixed freight train that derailed over a trestle bridge across the Ogeechee River. Loaded LPG tank cars from the train fell onto the riverbank below and ruptured. The resulting fire killed 23 people, including entire families and a woman who was eight months pregnant, who were at the river shore in an area popular for swimming and picnicking. The derailment was caused by deflection of the rails on the trestle due to heat-induced expansion, resulting in the wheels of one car dropping between the rails.

## Derailment

Eastbound Seaboard Air Line freight train no. 82 departed Americus, Georgia at 7 am, composed of 123 cars, four diesel-electric locomotives and a caboose. After stopping in Vidalia and Collins, it headed toward Savannah. At roughly 3:30 pm, while crossing the Ogeechee River over a 25-foot (7.6 m) high, 350-foot (110 m) long trestle bridge at an estimated speed of 46–49 miles per hour (74–79 km/h), sixteen cars derailed after the wheels of one of the cars slipped between the rails. The derailment occurred because of rail beam deflection on the trestle, due to the high ambient temperature and the consequent thermal expansion. Ten of the derailed cars broke free of the bridge and were scattered onto the riverbank. Seventy-five feet (23 m) of the bridge was destroyed by the initial derailment.

## Flash fire

Two of the cars that fell off the bridge were 11,000 U.S. gallons (42 m$^3$) LPG cars (effectively the only LPG cars in the mile-long train). The fall from the bridge drove the coupler of one of the LPG cars into the tank head of the other. The LPG then began to escape, boil and form a vapor cloud. At some point, the LPG was ignited, probably from mechanical sparks caused from the wreck or a campfire. The resulting flash fire was roughly 1,000 feet (300 m) wide and started secondary fires. Sources disagree as to whether a BLEVE occurred. Some 175 people were present at the time in a recreation area by the bridge. Some of them were caught on the bank, while others were bathing in the river. The fires destroyed a further 110 feet (34 m) of the bridge and damaged another 300 feet (91 m). Due to the poor accessibility of the area (limited to a single-lane dirt road), it was very hard for emergency services to reach the scene.

## Investigation

The Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) found the rail beams deflection as the proximate cause of the derailment. The investigation also faulted the railroad for not installing guard rails along the trestle, which might have helped to keep the derailed equipment on the trestle deck.
# Reza Abbasi Museum

The Reza Abbasi Museum (Persian: موزه رضا عباسی ) is a museum in Tehran, Iran. It is located in Seyed Khandan. The museum is named after Reza Abbasi, one of the artists of the Safavid era. The Reza Abbasi Museum is home to a unique collection of Persian art dating back to the second millennium BC, from both the pre-Islamic and Islamic eras.

## History

The museum was officially opened in September 1977 under the guidance of Shahbanu Farah Pahlavi, but was closed in November 1978. It was reopened a year later in 1979, with some changes in its internal decorations and further expansion of its exhibition space. It was closed again in 1984 due to internal difficulties and reopened a year later. It was finally opened for the fifth time, after its renovation on 4 February 2000. The museum is currently administrated by the Cultural Heritage Organization of Iran.

## Collections

The collections of the museum belong to a period from the 7th millennium BC to the early 20th century. The displays are arranged chronologically. Objects on display include artifacts made of baked clay, metal and stone from the pre historic times to pottery and metal objects, textile and lacquer painting, manuscripts and jewelry belonging to the Islamic period.

## Library

The museum’s library possesses over 10,000 Persian, English, French and German books about Persian art, history, archaeology and classical paintings.

## Publication department

The publication department has published many books regarding Iranian arts and collections.

## Training courses

There are also different training courses in the museum such as Drawing, Calligraphy, Watercolor and Oil painting.

## Burning of documents

In May 2015 various documents of the museum which were mostly communications with Shahbanu Farah Diba's office before the 1979 Islamic Revolution were burned. The issue was revealed by Mehr News Agency in Tehran and created a lot of criticism in Persian-language media and social networks.

## The collection of silver coins

* Vonones II of Parthia
* Vologases V of Parthia
* Shapur II
* Shapur I
* Ardashir I
* Ardashir III
* Bahram V
* Hormizd IV
* Khosrau I
* Khosrau II
# Alfred Wäger

Alfred Wäger (17 August 1883 – 9 July 1956) was a General of the Infantry in the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany during the Second World War who commanded several units. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross.

## Career

After the beginning of the Second World War, Wäger was the commanding general of the XXV Army Corps. From 6 November 1939 to 23 December 1941, he led the XXVII Army Corps in the West. Finally, he commanded the Höheres Kommando z.b.V. XXXIV on the central section of the Eastern Front, which was defeated in the Battle of Moscow. He was transferred to the Führerreserve in early January 1942 and finally retired in August 1942.
Wäger settled in Baden-Baden and in the last days of the war was able to hand over the city to the advancing French without a fight. A bridge over the Oos river was named after him in 1995.

## Sources

* Alfred Wäger on lexikon-der-wehrmacht
* Armed conflicts
Military offices :
| Preceded byNone | Commander of 10. Infanterie-Division 10 October 1935 – 1 March 1938 | Succeeded byGeneralleutnant Conrad von Cochenhausen |
| Preceded byNone | Commander of XXV. Armeekorps 24 November 1938 – 6 November 1939 | Succeeded byGeneral der Infanterie Karl Ritter von Prager |
| Preceded byGeneral der Infanterie Karl Ritter von Prager | Commander of XXVII. Armeekorps 6 November 1939 – 23 December 1941 | Succeeded byGeneral der Infanterie Eccard Freiherr von Gablenz |
| Preceded byGeneral der Infanterie Hermann Metz | Commander of Höheres Kommando z.b.V. XXXIV 23 December 1941 – 31 January 1942 | Succeeded bynone |
* Biography
# Helperknapp

Helperknapp is a commune in central Luxembourg, in the canton of Mersch. It was established on 1 January 2018 from the amalgamation of the communes of Boevange-sur-Attert and Tuntange.

## Populated places

The commune consists of the following villages:

## History

In two referendums held simultaneously in Boevange-sur-Attert and Tuntange on 25 May 2014, the citizens of both communes approved a municipal merger, with 69.51% and 64.09%, respectively, in favour. Based on the poll, legislators of the two communes voted in favor of the merger. Consequently, on January 1, 2018, Boevange-sur-Attert and Tuntange were subsumed into the new municipality of Helperknapp. The name "Helperknapp" derives from the name of a hill of the same name located within the commune.

## Twin towns — sister cities

Helperknapp is twinned with:
* Zechin, Germany
# Phu Si Lung

Pu Si Lung (Núi Pu Si Lung, sometimes Phu Si Lung, Phu Xi Lùng), is a mountain in Southeast Asia on the international border between China and Vietnam. The peak, narrowly on the Vietnamese side, is 3,076 metres tall.
The mountain is in the xã (commune) Pa Vệ Sử, Mường Tè District, Lai Châu Province. It is adjacent to Pu Tả Tông (2,109 m) and Pu Đen Đinh (1,886 m).