OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Paldang station

Paldang Station (Korean pronunciation:) is a station on the Gyeongui–Jungang Line, located in the city of Namyangju by the northern banks of the Han River. Although it is one of the older train stations in Korea (built prior to the 1945 liberation), the area around the station is not developed to a great degree.

## Cultural Heritage

The old station is well preserved, and is one of the best surviving examples of the architectural style of the Japanese occupation era. The blue roof is typical of early train stations in Korea, and for this reason, it was designated as a national cultural asset. The old station building is currently juxtaposed with the newly renovated station (completed in 2007), and is a striking example of how Korean railroads have evolved so rapidly over a relatively short period of time.

## Subway

Many residents near the station commute to Seoul daily, but the infrequent passenger train service previously rendered the area relatively isolated. To rectify this problem, residents petitioned local politicians and the Ministry of Construction. In response, Dosim & Paldang Stations were incorporated into the Jungang Line commuter rail system earlier than originally planned. The opening of this service has reduced commute times by over 30 minutes.
# Rosamaria Murtinho

Rosa Maria Pereira Murtinho (born October 24, 1935), known professionally as Rosamaria Murtinho, is a Brazilian actress.
Murtinho was born in Belém. She is married to the actor Mauro Mendonça.

## Selected filmography

* A Muralha (1968)
* Pantanal (1990)
* A Próxima Vítima (1995)
* Corpo Dourado (1998)
* Chocolate com Pimenta (2003)
* Paraíso Tropical (2007)
* Sete Pecados (2007)
* Amor à Vida (2013)
# Jersson González

Jersson Amur González Díaz (born 16 January 1975) is a Colombian football manager and former footballer who played as a defender or a defensive midfielder.
González was notable for being an experienced free-kick taker and possessing great ball control.

## Career

González played for the Colombia national football team in the 2001 Copa América, which they hosted and won. He also won four Colombian League titles with América de Cali in 1997, 2000, 2001 and 2008.
González has played for various Colombian teams and other international teams from Turkey and Argentina. He played for América de Cali, Deportivo Pereira, Centauros in Colombia, Club Atlético River Plate in Argentina and Galatasaray in Turkey.
González played for Colombia at the 1993 FIFA World Youth Championship in Australia.

## Coaching career

González started his coaching career in 2013, when he became manager of Boyacá Chicó's U20 squad.
From 2014 to 2017, González was the manager of América de Cali's U20 squad. Through a video broadcast by América de Cali on its official YouTube channel, it was learned that Jersson González was appointed as the new manager of the women's team for the 2018 season.
On 20 August 2018, he was appointed caretaker manager for the first team of América de Cali. He was in charge for one game against Millonarios which he lost 0-2 and was replaced a few days later by a newly appointed manager. After Fernando Castro Lozada was fired on 15 April 2019, González was once again appointed caretaker manager, this time until the end of the season. He was recalled by América de Cali as caretaker on 28 April 2021, replacing Juan Cruz Real for the return leg of the quarter-finals of the 2021 Apertura tournament against Millonarios and four Copa Libertadores group stage games.
Following the end of América's involvement at the Copa Libertadores, he returned to the club's youth ranks, resigning on 2 April 2022 to become manager of Llaneros in the Colombian second division for his first professional manager job. González managed Llaneros until the end of the 2023 season, and on 16 November 2023 he was announced as manager of top tier club Deportivo Pasto for the 2024 season. He was dismissed from the position on 25 February 2024, after a poor start to the season that saw Pasto collect only four points in their first eight league matches.
# Kittanning Run

The Kittanning Run is one of the several streams draining the Allegheny Plateau, each one cutting an abrupt valley, one of the gaps of the Allegheny— one of several climbing valleys used for centuries by the Amerindian native peoples to pass East-to-West through the Allegheny Front escarpment, a barrier ridge separating the flat highlands plateau, the Appalachian Plateau—from the many barrier ridges making up the local Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians in the Central Pennsylvania heartland.
The stream was very likely followed by the Kittanning Path connecting the Indian communities west of the Alleghenies, especially Kittanning Village with the large Indian settlements in the Susquehanna Valley and points east though the naming of the divergent run up through the Kittanning Gap suggests settlers may have bent the trail up to the plateau along a wider shallower grade, perhaps more suitable to settlers carts and Conestoga wagons migrating west.
Unlike the Pennsylvania Canal System which built the Allegheny Portage Railroad for the 1845 railroad line chartered (ordered, in effect) to cross the Allegheny Mountains. The challenge of constructing a railroad through the ridge led to the construction of the unique Horseshoe Curve in 1854, once trumpeted as the world's busiest railway, and now designated as a National Historic Landmark. 40°29′54″N 78°27′03″W﻿ / ﻿40.498333°N 78.450833°W﻿ / 40.498333; -78.450833

## History

In the 18th century the Kittanning Path passed through the gap, providing a route between central and western Pennsylvania for Native Americans and early white settlers. Why the gap is left of the Kittanning Run can only be speculated upon, but a topographical examination suggests for 16th-19th century peoples on foot or pulling a cart or Conestoga wagon, turning right up the gap would lead them across gentler climbing terrains, so may have been the path of choice up onto the tableland above versus the climbs along either bigger stream.
# System usability scale

In systems engineering, the system usability scale (SUS) is a simple, ten-item attitude Likert scale giving a global view of subjective assessments of usability. It was developed by John Brooke at Digital Equipment Corporation in the UK in 1986 as a tool to be used in usability engineering of electronic office systems.
The usability of a system, as defined by the ISO standard ISO 9241 Part 11, can be measured only by taking into account the context of use of the system—i.e., who is using the system, what they are using it for, and the environment in which they are using it. Furthermore, measurements of usability have several different aspects:
* effectiveness (can users successfully achieve their objectives)
* efficiency (how much effort and resources are expended in achieving those objectives)
* satisfaction (was the experience satisfactory)
Measures of effectiveness and efficiency are also context-specific. Effectiveness in using a system for controlling a continuous industrial process would generally be measured in very different terms to, say, effectiveness in using a text editor. Thus, it can be difficult, if not impossible, to answer the question "is system A more usable than system B", because the measures of effectiveness and efficiency may be very different. However, it can be argued that given a sufficiently high-level definition of subjective assessments of usability, comparisons can be made between systems.
The formula for computing the final SUS score requires converting the raw scores, by subtracting 1 from each raw score, then utilizing the following equation:$SUS=2.5\left(20+\sum ({\text{SUS01}},{\text{SUS03}},{\text{SUS05}},{\text{SUS07}},{\text{SUS09}})-\sum ({\text{SUS02}},{\text{SUS04}},{\text{SUS06}},{\text{SUS08}},{\text{SUS10}})\right)$
SUS has generally been seen as providing this type of high-level subjective view of usability and is thus often used in carrying out comparisons of usability between systems. Because it yields a single score on a scale of 0–100, it can be used to compare even systems that are outwardly dissimilar. This one-dimensional aspect of the SUS is both a benefit and a drawback because the questionnaire is necessarily quite general.
Recently, Lewis and Sauro suggested a two-factor orthogonal structure, which practitioners may use to score the SUS on independent Usability and Learnability dimensions. At the same time, Borsci, Federici and Lauriola by an independent analysis confirm the two factors structure of SUS, also showing that those factors (Usability and Learnability) are correlated.
The SUS has been widely used in the evaluation of a range of systems. Bangor, Kortum and Miller have used the scale extensively over a ten-year period and have produced normative data that allow SUS ratings to be positioned relative to other systems. They propose an extension to SUS to provide an adjective rating that correlates with a given score. Based on a review of hundreds of usability studies, Sauro and Lewis proposed a curved grading scale for mean SUS scores.
# Guitar (song)

"Guitar" is the first single from Prince's 2007 album Planet Earth. This song was number 39 on Rolling Stone's list of the 100 Best Songs of 2007.
The digital single was released in MP3 format through a partnership with Verizon Wireless, and O2. The music video for the song, featuring his current dancers "The Twinz" premiered on the Verizon website. It was directed by Milos Twilight, and produced by Prince and Milos Twilight, through Umania Digital Studios and Twilight Films.
The song was released to radio stations on June 11, while the CD single format was released worldwide on July 9.
Although not as successful on the charts as many of his other songs, "Guitar" entered the Top 40 of the singles charts in four countries: Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, and Japan, where it peaked at number 10 on the singles chart.

## Track listing

* 3121.com download:
* "Guitar" (demo)
* Verizon download:
* "Guitar" (album version)
* Worldwide download
* "Guitar"
* CD single:
* "Guitar" (album version)
* "Somewhere Here on Earth" (album version)

## Charts

Chart performance for "Guitar" :
| Chart (2007) | Peak position |
| Belgium (Ultratip Bubbling Under Flanders) | 23 |
| France (SNEP) | 200 |
| Italy (FIMI) | 17 |
| Netherlands (Dutch Top 40) | 21 |
| Netherlands (Single Top 100) | 13 |
| Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade) | 63 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 81 |
# Subaru G

The Subaru FF-1 G (also sold as the 1100 and 1300) is a compact car produced by Japanese company Fuji Heavy Industries from 1971 to 1972, replacing the FF-1 Star. It was a front-wheel drive vehicle with a typical Subaru EA61 or EA62 flat-4 engine. The car also had independent torsion bar suspension and rack and pinion steering, inboard front drum brakes and dual radiators. The car used only a small radiator (which was also the heater core) on starting, hastening warm up. Achieving 29 miles per US gallon (8.1 L/100 km; 35 mpg$_{‑imp}$), the Subaru quickly became a strong-selling import car in the United States.

## Engines

The 1.1L EA61 and 1.3L EA62 engines had no cooling fan, only an electric fan on the small radiator cooled the engine. The 1.1L was shared with the Subaru FF-1 Star, however the 1.3L engine was unique to this model and the only Subaru engine to have rear-facing exhaust ports. In the United States, most 1972–1973 models were equipped with the 1.3L EA62 engine. The transmission was also borrowed from the Subaru FF-1 Star.
EA61 1.1L OHV water-cooled flat-4
* Displacement: 76 mm x 60 mm, 1088 cc
* Power: 62 PS (46 kW) JIS Gross at 6,000 rpm, 8.7 kg⋅m (85 N⋅m; 63 lb⋅ft) at 3,200 rpm with 9:1 compression and two-barrel carburetor
EA62 1.3L OHV water-cooled flat-4
* Displacement: 82 mm x 60 mm, 1268 cc
* Power: 80 PS (59 kW) JIS Gross at 6,400 rpm, 10.1 kg⋅m (99 N⋅m; 73 lb⋅ft) at 4,000 rpm with 9:1 compression and dual two-barrel carburetors
* Sports: EA62S, 93 PS (68 kW) JIS Gross at 7,000 rpm, 10.5 kg⋅m (103 N⋅m; 76 lb⋅ft) at 5,000 rpm with 10:1 compression and dual two-barrel carburetors

## Transmission

Subaru T71 four-speed manual, front-wheel drive
* Gear Ratios: 1st 3.540 2nd 2.235 3rd 1.543 4th 1.033, Rev 4.100 Final 4.125
# Proclamation 10043

Proclamation 10043 is a presidential proclamation signed by Donald Trump, the 45th US president, on May 29, 2020, in order to prohibit students in the People's Republic of China associated with the People's Liberation Army from obtaining F visas or J visas.

## Effect

As was reported by Reuters in Sep 2020, visas of more than 1,000 Chinese students had been canceled. In June 2021, a survey of 310 students showed that most of students who had been rejected studied at one of the following eight universities:
* Beihang University
* Beijing Institute of Technology
* Harbin Institute of Technology
* Harbin Engineering University
* Northwestern Polytechnical University
* Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
* Nanjing University of Science and Technology
* Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications
Otherwise, they were funded by China Scholarship Council.

## Response

On June 10, 2021, the Association of American Universities, the American Council of Education, and 39 other associations sent a letter to the United States Department of State asking them to explain the scope of Proclamation 10043.
On July 6, 2021, during a regular press conference, Zhao Lijian, spokesman for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China, expressed "grave concern" and stated that China "has lodged solemn representations with the US side" regarding the enforcement of the proclamation.
On June 27, 2022, eighteen students filed a class action lawsuit regarding the proclamation. The defendants of the case were Joseph R. Biden (as president of the United States), Antony J. Blinken (as secretary of state), Alejandro Mayorkas (as secretary of homeland security), the United States Department of Homeland Security, the United States Department of State, and the United States of America. The plaintiffs also hosted a website called 10043.org to share their experiences. On June 22, 2023, the case was dismissed with prejudice and terminated by Judge Colin Stirling Bruce of the United States District Court for the Central District of Illinois. The dismissal came after the judge granted the Defendant's Motion to Dismiss filed by the defendants.
# John Mena

John Jairo Mena (born 23 February 1968) is a retired Colombian sprinter. He won a gold medal in the 100 metres at the 1989 South American Championships.

## International competitions

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Colombia ||||||
| 1989 | Bolivarian Games | Maracaibo, Venezuela | 8th | 200 m | 22.75 |
| 1989 | Bolivarian Games | Maracaibo, Venezuela | 2nd | 4 × 100 m relay | 40.91 |
| 1989 | South American Championships | Medellín, Colombia | 1st | 100 m | 10.4 |
| 1989 | South American Championships | Medellín, Colombia | 5th (h) | 200 m | 21.41$^1$ |
| 1989 | South American Championships | Medellín, Colombia | 2nd | 4 × 100 m relay | 39.87 |
| 1990 | Ibero-American Championships | Manaus, Brazil | 7th | 200 m | 22.05 |
| 1992 | Ibero-American Championships | Seville, Spain | 7th | 200 m | 22.05 |
| 1992 | Ibero-American Championships | Seville, Spain | 5th | 4 × 100 m relay | 40.50 |
| 1993 | South American Championships | Lima, Peru | 7th | 100 m | 10.98 |
| 1993 | Central American and Caribbean Games | Ponce, Puerto Rico | 8th | 100 m | 10.85 |
| 1993 | Central American and Caribbean Games | Ponce, Puerto Rico | 3rd | 4 × 100 m relay | 40.09 |
| 1995 | South American Championships | Manaus, Brazil | 6th | 100 m | 10.63 |
| 1995 | South American Championships | Manaus, Brazil | 2nd | 4 × 100 m relay | 40.31 |
| 1995 | Pacific Ocean Games | Cali, Colombia | 1st | 4 × 100 m relay | 39.81 |
| 1995 | Central American and Caribbean Championships | Guatemala City, Guatemala | 3rd | 4 × 100 m relay | 39.65 |
| 1995 | Universiade | Fukuoka, Japan | 26th (q) | 100 m | 10.81 |
| 1995 | Universiade | Fukuoka, Japan | 31st (q) | 200 m | 21.93 |
$^1$Disqualified in the final

## Personal bests

Outdoor
* 100 meters – 10.2h (Medellín 1993)
# XVI Paloma O'Shea International Piano Competition

The XVI Paloma O'Shea International Piano Competition took place at the Palacio de Festivales in Santander, Spain, from July 25 to August 7, 2008. Twenty pianists, selected through three shortlists of candidates (Madrid, Moscow and New York) took part in the event. The Dresden Philharmonic accompanied the three finalists in the final on August 6. Both the Semi-finals and the Final were broadcast through TVE.

## Jury

** Dmitry Alexeev
** Klaus Hellwig
** Jerome Lowenthal
** Luis Pereira Leal
** Sergio Perticaroli
** Jerome Rose
** Jacques Rouvier
** Yang Liqing
Maria Tipo could not travel to Santander due to health problems.

## Competition results, by rounds
### First round

July 25–27, 16:00-23:00. Palacio de Festivales, Sala Pereda. Recital.
** Alina Artemyeva
** Lucas Blondeel
** Stefan Ciric
** Emmanuel Christien
** François Dumont
** Kotarô Fukuma
** Vyacheslav Gryaznov
** Violetta Khachikian
** Ka Ling Colleen Lee
** Hyo Sun Lim
** Wu Muye
** Akiko Nikami
** Yuma Osaki
** Shizuka Susanna Salvemini
** Anastasya Terenkova
** Jue Wang
** Andrey Yaroshinsky
** Avan Yu
** Yubo Zhou
** Zuo Zhang

### Second round

July 29-August 1, 16:00-23:00. Palacio de Festivales, Sala Pereda. Recital + Chamber music (quintet).
** Alina Artemyeva
** Lucas Blondeel
** Stefan Ciric
** Emmanuel Christien
** Kotarô Fukuma
** Ka Ling Colleen Lee
** Hyo Sun Lim
** Wu Muye
** Shizuka Susanna Salvemini
** Jue Wang
** Andrey Yaroshinsky
** Avan Yu

### Semi-finals

August 3–4, 21:00. Palacio de Festivales, Sala Argenta. Mozart piano concerto.
** Kotarô Fukuma
** Ka Ling Colleen Lee
** Shizuka Susanna Salvemini
** Jue Wang
** Andrey Yaroshinsky
** Avan Yu
Real Philharmonía de Galicia. Juanjo Mena, conductor.

### Final

August 6. Palacio de Festivales, Sala Argenta. Symphonic piano concerto.
** Shizuka Susanna Salvemini
** Jue Wang
** Avan Yu
Dresden Philharmonic. Rafael Frühbeck de Burgos, conductor.
** First Prize: Jue Wang
** Second Prize: Avan Yu
** Third Prize: Shizuka Susanna Salvemini
** Audience Prize: Avan Yu
# Riverside Park (stadium)

Riverside Park is a former baseball ground located in Buffalo, New York, United States. The ground was home to the Buffalo Bisons baseball club of the International Association in 1878, and the National League from 1879 through 1883.
Although first used in 1878, its name as known to historians first surfaced in 1882. One local newspaper, employing that era's typical built-in editorializing, stated "The Directors have dubbed the ballgrounds 'Riverside Park.' The name is not appropriate, but it will do." [Buffalo Commercial, April 29, 1882, p.3] (The ballpark was at least 1,000 feet from the Niagara River bank.)
Located on a block bounded by Fargo Avenue (southwest), Rhode Island Street (northwest), West Avenue (northeast), and Vermont Street (southeast), Riverside Park was the first ballpark to be used by the major league Bisons. The stadium was demolished at the request of its owner, Alexander Culbert, who wanted to redevelop the property. The Bisons moved to Olympic Park for the 1884 season and beyond. The rectangular block is today part of the residential neighborhood of Prospect Hill.
| Preceded byNone | Home of the Buffalo Bisons 1878–1883 | Succeeded byOlympic Park |
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# Knapp Brook (Ouleout Creek tributary)

Knapp Brook is a river in Delaware County, New York. It flows into the Ouleout Creek east of North Franklin.
# William McCracken

William C. McCracken (April 11, 1864 – June 13, 1940) was an American college football coach and educator. He served as the head football coach at Geneva College in Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania from 1890 to 1896 and Northern State Normal School—now known as Northern Michigan University–in Marquette, Michigan in 1904, compiling a career coaching record of 19–19–1. McCracken chaired the chemistry department at Western Michigan University—in Kalamazoo, Michigan for many years and served as the school's acting president in 1922–23.

## Early life and education

Born in St. Louis, McCracken attended Columbia University, the University of Michigan, and the University of Chicago.

## Coaching career
### Geneva

McCracken was the first head football coach at Geneva College in Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania, serving for seven seasons, from 1890 to 1896, and compiling a record of 17–18–1. He also played on Geneva's teams of 1891, 1892, and 1894.

### Northern Michigan

After starting the program at Geneva, McCracken went to the newly-formed Normal School of Northern Michigan—now known as now Northern Michigan University—in Marquette, Michigan to teach chemistry and physics. Records show that he was on staff at Normal as early as 1901.
In 1904, he was asked to start the program there, making the second school where he was the first coach. His team produced a record of 2–1 in the inaugural 1904 season and played their games at the County Fairgrounds.

## Education career

In 1907, McCracken took a position as head of the chemistry department at Western State Normal School—now known as Western Michigan University—in Kalamazoo, Michigan. He remained at Western Michigan until his retirement in 1939, also serving as acting university president for the 1922–23 school year. He was the first faculty advisor for the Western Herald student newspaper in 1916.

## Death and honors

McCracken died on June 13, 1940, at Borgess Hospital in Kalamazoo, following a two-week-long illness. In 1946, the school began plans for McCracken Hall to honor his legacy.

## Head coaching record

| Year | Team | Overall |
| Geneva Covenanters (Independent) (1890–1896) ||||||
| 1890 | Geneva | 0–1 |
| 1891 | Geneva | 4–2 |
| 1892 | Geneva | 3–3 |
| 1893 | Geneva | 2–2–1 |
| 1894 | Geneva | 5–1 |
| 1895 | Geneva | 0–5 |
| 1896 | Geneva | 3–4 |
| Geneva: | Geneva: | 17–18–1 |
| Northern State Normal (Independent) (1904) ||||||
| 1904 | Northern State Normal | 2–1 |
| Northern State Normal: | Northern State Normal: | 2–1 |
| Total: | Total: | 19–19–1 |