OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gianna Persaki

Gianna Persaki (Greek: Γιάννα Περσάκη; French: Jeanne Persaki; 5 June 1921 – 20 January 2008) was a Greek artist, pioneer abstract painter and committed modernist. She was focused on the geometric structure of pictorial space and the thorough analysis of colour relationships.

## Early years

From the age of 8, Persaki started working with the painter Eleftheria Sathopoulou, Fani Galanos and Dimitris Davis. At that time, her parents, whom she described as very noble and cultivated, requested that she learn mathematics and grammar at home. She then began lessons at her home address in Stournari Street in Athens but soon her teacher Lela realised that Persakis love and passion was in arts and painting. "My parents were thinking that I'm having grammar lessons, while I was actually learning how to paint by using a model that my teacher was bringing for me at home".

## Her work

She continued her studies in Paris in 1946–1955 first with her teacher Fernand Léger at his atelier and later at École des Beaux Arts under a scholarship granted by the French government. Whilst, she was taking lessons with André Lhote and Jean Souverbie, as well drawing at the Academy Grande Chaumière. Persaki had participated in several group exhibitions since 1945 but her first sole exhibition took place in Athens at 1955. Her works (paintings and ceramics) were exhibited since then in various exhibitions in Greece and Internationally. Since 1957 until 1982, she was a director of the Atelier of Χ.Ε.Ν in Athens and her paintings and ceramics decorate central buildings of Athens such as in 5 Mavromateon street and 11 Amerikis Street.
Her work is abstract, focused on geometrical shapes using very fresh clear colours with a discreet touch of cubism. Two characteristic paintings of hers may be seen at the Panayotis D. Cangelaris online display of his collection of contemporary Greek paintings.

## Personal life

She married the sculptor Costas Coulentianos in 1944 and got a divorce a year after her husband moved to Paris in 1947. Her life companion since 1955 was the Poet Miltos Sachtouri's but they never got married. Her daughter is the painter Eva Persaki.

## Her death

Persaki died in Athens at 2008 at the age of 87 and was buried at the First (A) Cemetery of Athens three years after her partner's Miltos Sachtouris death, leaving behind her daughter Eva Persaki and her granddaughters.
# Ismat T. Kittani

Ismat Taha Kittani (Arabic: عصمت طه كتاني; 5 April 1929 – 23 October 2001) was an Iraqi politician, most notable for being President of the United Nations General Assembly during its thirty-sixth session in 1981 and 1982.

## Early life

Ismat Kittani was born on 5 April 1929 in the Kurdish region of Northern Iraq in a town called Amadia. He was raised under poor circumstances and he liked to point out that he had not seen electric light till he was 12.
In 1946, Kittani received a scholarship to go study abroad and enrolled in Knox College.
During his time at Knox he played an active role in student affairs, serving as Student council member and as a chairman of the newly found honor code system. He was an active member of the international relations club as well and graduated in 1951 with an A.B. degree in international relations.

## Career

In 1952 Kittani worked as a high school teacher briefly before joining the international affairs section of the Ministry of foreign services and in 1954 was assigned to the Iraqi embassy in Cairo as an attache. He served in Iraq's United Nation mission from 1957 to 1961 where he was a delegate to a number of councils which included the United Nations Security Council and the World Health Organization. After that he went to Geneva to serve as the delegate of Iraq in Geneva - Switzerland from 1961 up till 1964.
In 1964 he was elected as the secretariat for the Economic and social council in New York. In 1971 he became the assistant secretary general for Inter-Agency affairs, and in 1973 he became the chief of staff for Secretary General Kurt Waldheim. He remained in New York until 1975.
He went back to Baghdad in 1975 and was elected as the head of an international organizations department at the foreign ministry and as an under secretary where he had to make frequent trips back and forth to New York and right before his secretariat position of the United Nations Security Council, in 1980 he was an under secretary in the Iraqi ministry of foreign affairs.
He received an honorary degree from Knox College on Saturday, 5 June 1982 where he was also one of the commencement speakers encouraging the youth of that time.
On September 15, 1985 he represented Iraq in the United Nations Security Council and was elected as the 36th president of the United Nations Security Council general assembly. He succeeded Rudiger Von Wechmar of Germany.
He had a rather unusual election, where he was elected by drawing lots and after two rounds of secret balloting it left him in a locked position with his opponent, Mohammed Kaiser of Bangladesh.
Kittani was representing a nation that was still recovering from an invasion that was carried out by his country to its neighboring nation (Iran).

## Retirement and death

Kittani retired in 1989 and went on to help diplomats in their UN careers. On October 23, 2001 he died at the age of 72 due to cancer. He was survived by a son named Dara.
# People's Artist

People's Artist is an honorary title in the Soviet Union, Union republics, in some other Eastern bloc states (and communist states in general), as well as in a number of post-Soviet states, modeled after the title of the People's Artist of the USSR.

## Russia

The term is confusingly used to translate two different Russian language titles: "народный артист" (awarded in performing arts, see e.g., Category:People's Artists of the USSR) and "народный художник" (awarded in some visual arts: painting drawing, and photography, see e.g., Category:People's Artists of the USSR (visual arts)). Both titles are awarded for exceptional achievements in the corresponding arts.
Some other arts gave rise special titles: People's Architect, People's Writer, People's Poet.

## Vietnam

In Vietnam the abbreviation NSND (Nghệ sĩ Nhân dân, People's Artist of Vietnam [vi]) is used. This is Vietnam's top artistic award for a living artist – second only to the often posthumous Ho Chi Minh Prize. The youngest ever recipient is the Russian-trained classical pianist Đặng Thái Sơn in 1984. The lesser award of Merited Artist of Vietnam is abbreviated NSƯT.

## China

The People's Artist (Chinese: 人民艺术家) is a type of national honorary titles. Currently 7 people are rated as this title:
* Lao She, awarded by Beijing Municipality Government in 1951
* Qi Baishi, awarded by Ministry of Culture of PRC Central Government in 1953
* Chang Xiangyu, awarded posthumously by State Council in 2004
* Wang Meng
* Qin Yi
* Guo Lanying, these three are awarded by SCNPC in 2019
* Tian Hua, awarded by SCNPC in 2024
# Michael Comay

Michael Saul Comay (October 17, 1908 – November 6, 1987) was an Israeli diplomat. He was the Israeli Ambassador to Canada from 1953 to 1957, Permanent Representative of Israel to the United Nations from 1960 to 1967, and was Ambassador to the United Kingdom from 1970 to 1973.

## Early life

Comay was born on 1908 in Cape Town, South Africa. He studied general sciences and law at the University of Cape Town, and was qualified to practice law at a higher level. From 1931, he worked as a lawyer and began to work with the South African Jewish community.
During World War II, Comey served in the infantry of the South African Army and fought in the North African campaign, and attained the rank of major. After the end of the war, Comay gave up his work as a lawyer in Cape Town and emigrated to the Mandatory Palestine with his family, and worked for the Jewish Agency.

## Diplomatic career

Initially, he worked as a representative of the South African Zionist Federation under the auspices of the Jewish Agency. Subsequently, he became more active in the political department of the Jewish Agency and in 1947, he was sent to the United Nations to advocate for support for the establishment of the Jewish state.
After the establishment of the state of Israel in 1948, Comey joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and served as the director of the Commonwealth division within the ministry. In 1952, he was appointed deputy director-general of the foreign ministry and a year later, he served as Israel's Consul General in Canada. In 1954, prior to becoming an ambassador to Canada, he sought the acquisition of 24 Canadair Sabres for the Israeli Air Force but failed due to the outbreak of the 1956 Suez War.
After serving as ambassador to Canada till 1957, Comey served as Israel's permanent representative to the United Nations from 1959 to 1967. From 1970 to 1973, he served as Israel's ambassador to the United Kingdom. Comay retired from foreign service in 1979.

## Personal life

Comay and his wife had two sons and one daughter. One of his sons, Yohanan, was killed in action during the 1973 Yom Kippur War while serving as a soldier in the Artillery Corps of the Israel Defense Forces.
Following his retirement from foreign service, Comay and his wife were leaders of the Israeli Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. In 1981, he published his book Zionism, Israel and the Palestinian Arabs: Questions and Answers. He died in 1987 at the age of 79.
# Mario Scialoja

Mario Scialoja (July 29, 1930 Rome, Italy - June 24, 2012) was an Italian diplomat. His last post was as Italian ambassador to Saudi Arabia from 1994 to 1996. Upon retiring, he decided to spend his last years serving the Muslim community of Italy.
In 1998, Scialoja promoted the opening in Rome of a branch of the Muslim World League, a Saudi NGO with its central headquarters in Mecca. He occupied the position of Vice President and Director General from 1998 to 2006, and, after resigning, remained a member of the group's Constitutive Committee. Subsequently, he was a member of the Consultative Commission for Italian Islam in the Ministry of the Interior, and Counselor of Administration of the Islamic Cultural Centre of Italy, the only Islamic institution officially recognized in Italy by a decree of the President of the Republic.
Scialoja converted to Islam at the end of 1988, when he was Deputy Permanent Representative of Italy to the United Nations.
# Nuriro

Nuriro (Korean: 누리로) is a class of train operated by Korail, the national railroad of South Korea, it was introduced on June 1, 2009, to replace the short-range Mugunghwa-ho. The train was introduced as a replacement for the Bidulgi-ho/Tongil-ho/Mugunghwa-ho operating system between Seoul and Onyangoncheon, and will replace the short-range Mugunghwa-ho when a new train comes in. However, due to various problems, it is currently operating in Yeongdong Line and Jungang Line as a replacement for Mugunghwa-ho.

## Regular services
### Lines served

| Route | Section | Round trip count | Train number | Estimated time |
| Jungang line | Cheongnyangni - Andong | 2 times a day | 1611~1614 | |
| Yeongdong Line | Donghae - Yeongju | 1 times a day | 1679, 1684 | |
| Yeongdong Line | Donghae - Gangneung | 10 times a day | 1821~1840 | 50 minutes |

### Stops
#### Stations served

Stations in bold are required stops.

##### Jungang line (CheongnyangniーAndong)

Cheongnyangni, Deokso, Yangpyeong, Yongmun, Jipyeong, Seokbul, Ilsin, Maegok, Yangdong, Samsan, Seowonju, Wonju, Bongyang, Jecheon, Danyang, Punggi, Yeongju, Andong

##### Yeongdong Line (Yeongju-Donghae)

Yeongju, Bonghwa, Chunyang, Imgi, Hyeondong, Buncheon, Yangwon, Seungbu, Seokpo, Cheoram, Dongbaeksan, Dogye, Singi, Donghae

##### Yeongdong Line (DonghaeーGangneung)

Donghae, Mukho, Jeongdongjin, Gangneung

## Former services

* Janghang Line: Seoul, Yeongdeungpo, Anyang, Suwon, Osan, Seojeongni, Pyeongtaek, Cheonan, Asan, Onyangoncheon, Sinchang
* Honam Line
* Jeolla Line
* Chungbuk Line
* Taebaek Line

## Rolling stock

* Korail Class 200000 (since June 2009)
The first rolling stock was manufactured by Hitachi and Hitachi's A-train technology was also applied.

### Formations

| Car No. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| Accommodation | Reserved | Reserved | Reserved | Reserved |
| Facilities | | Wheelchair space / Toilet | Toilet | |

## Interior

Seats in a 2+2 abreast configuration. Seat pitch is 980 mm (39 in).
* Interior of Train
* Monitor
# Sergio Vento

Sergio Vento (born May 30, 1938) is an Italian diplomat, former Permanent Representative of Italy to the United Nations and Italian Ambassador to the United States.

## Career

Sergio Vento was born in Rome. He studied Political Sciences at the State University of Rome.
After having served in various positions in The Hague, Buenos Aires and Ankara, he had been a diplomatic councillor to the following Italian Prime Ministers: Giuliano Amato, Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, Silvio Berlusconi, Lamberto Dini. He served as Italian Ambassador to Yugoslavia, France, United Nations, United States of America. He retired from the career and become active in the following fields: law consulting, banking, infrastructures, and University teaching. A significant number of his relatives are American of Italian descent.

## Honours

Order of Merit of the Italian Republic 1st Class / Knight Grand Cross – June 2, 1994
* 1999, Commandeur of the Légion d'honneur, France.
* 2003, honorary Doctorate of Law, St. John's University in New York.
# ITX-Saemaeul

The Intercity Train eXpress-Saemaeul (ITX-Saemaeul; Korean: ITX-새마을) is a class of train operated by Korail, the national railroad of South Korea, it was introduced on May 12, 2014, to replace the Saemaeul-ho. The new ITX-Saemaeul trains have a faster average speed of 150 kilometers per hour. The name was taken from the Saemaul Undong after a public competition to determine the new train's name.

## Lines served

| Route | Section | Round trip count | Train number | Estimated time |
| Gyeongbu Line | Seoul - Busan | 7 times a day | 1001~1014 | 4 hours and 30 minutes |
| Donghae Line | Seoul - Sinhaeundae | Monday through Friday: 1 times a day Saturday and Sunday: 2 times a day | 1021~1024 | 4 hours 50 minutes |
| Gyeongjeon Line | Seoul - Jinju | 2 times a day | 1031~1034 | 5 hours 20 minutes |
| Honam Line | Yongsan - Mokpo | 2 times a day | 1061~1064 | 4 hours 30 minutes |
| Gwangju Line | Yongsan - Gwangju | 4 times a day | 1071~1078 | 4 hours |
| Jeolla Line | Yongsan - Yeosu Expo | 2 times a day | 1081~1084 | 4 hours and 30 minutes |

### Stops
#### Stations served

* Stations in bold are required stops.

##### Gyeongbu Line (SeoulーBusan)

Seoul, Yeongdeungpo, Suwon, Pyeongtaek, Cheonan, Jochiwon, Daejeon, Yeongdong, Gimcheon, Gumi, Waegwan, Daegu, Dongdaegu, Gyeongsan, Cheongdo, Miryang, Mulgeum, Gupo, Busan

##### Donghae Line (SeoulーSinhaeundae)

Seoul, Yeongdeungpo, Suwon, Pyeongtaek, Cheonan, Jochiwon, Daejeon, Yeongdong, Gimcheon, Gumi, Daegu, Dongdaegu, Gyeongsan, Miryang, Gupo, Bujeon, Sinhaeundae

##### Gyeongjeon Line (SeoulーJinju)

Seoul, Yeongdeungpo, Suwon, Pyeongtaek, Cheonan, Jochiwon, Daejeon, Gimcheon, Gumi, Waegwan, Daegu, Dongdaegu, Gyeongsan, Cheongdo, Miryang, Jinyeong, Changwonjungang, Changwon, Masan, Haman, Jinju

##### Honam Line (YongsanーMokpo)

Yongsan, Yeongdeungpo, Suwon, Pyeongtaek, Cheonan, Jochiwon, Seodaejeon, Gyeryong, Nonsan, Ganggyeong, Iksan, Gimje, Sintaein, Jeongeup, Jangseong, GwangjuSongjeong, Naju, Hampyeong, Illo, Mokpo

##### Gwangju Line (YongsanーGwangju)

Yongsan, Yeongdeungpo, Suwon, Pyeongtaek, Cheonan, Jochiwon, Seodaejeon, Gyeryong, Nonsan, Ganggyeong, Iksan, Gimje, Sintaein, Jeongeup, Jangseong, Gwangju

##### Jeolla Line (YongsanーYeosu Expo)

Yongsan, Yeongdeungpo, Suwon, Pyeongtaek, Cheonan, Seodaejeon, Gyeryong, Nonsan, Ganggyeong, Iksan, Jeonju, Namwon, Gokseong, Guryegu, Suncheon, Yeocheon, Yeosu Expo

##### Jungang line (CheongnyangniーAndong)

Cheongnyangni, Deokso, Yangpyeong, Yongmun, Jipyeong, Seokbul, Ilsin, Maegok, Yangdong, Samsan, Seowonju, Wonju, Bongyang, Jecheon, Danyang, Punggi, Yeongju, Andong

## Rolling stock

* Korail Class 210000 (since October 2014)

### Formations

| Car No. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| Numbering | 21XX09 | 21XX55 | 21XX04 | 21XX53 | 21XX52 | 21XX01 |
| Accommodation | Reserved | Reserved | Reserved | Reserved | Reserved | Reserved |
The rolling stock was manufactured by Hyundai Rotem.

## Interior

Seats are laid out in a 2+2 abreast configuration. Seat pitch is 980 mm (39 in).
* Interior
# Anne Campbell

Ann(e) Campbell may refer to:
* Anne Campbell (politician) (born 1940), British MP
* Anne Campbell (academic) (1951–2017), British academic
* Anne Campbell (conductor) (1912–2011), Canadian choir conductor
* Anne Campbell (poet) (1888-1984), American poet
* Ann Campbell (sailor) in Clifford Day Mallory Cup
# Buffalo Creek (Juniata River tributary)

Buffalo Creek is a 31.4-mile-long (50.5km) tributary of the Juniata River in Perry County, Pennsylvania, in the United States.
Buffalo Creek joins the Juniata River at the borough of Newport.
# Plug-in electric vehicles in Nepal

Nepal leads with the newest car sales of electric vehicles in 2023 with 83% of new car purchases being electric. Nepal has witnessed significant growth in the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs), fueled by a combination of favorable policies, rising environmental awareness, and cost-effectiveness. As of 2023, around 45,000 electric vehicles are operating in the country, with sales more than doubling in recent years. In the fiscal year 2022–23, Nepal imported 4,050 electric four-wheelers, marking a significant rise compared to previous years. The total market for EVs, including three-wheelers, has also expanded, with 6,914 electric three-wheelers imported in the same year. The sales ratio of EVs to internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles now stands at an impressive 60:40, indicating the growing preference for EVs among consumers.

## Why electric vehicles make sense in Nepal

Several factors make EVs a highly attractive option in Nepal:
* Lower Import Tax: Electric vehicles benefit from a much lower import tax (about 10%) compared to ICE vehicles (238%). This makes EVs a more economical choice for consumers.
* Clean Energy Source: Nepal generates over 90% of its electricity from hydropower, making EVs a sustainable option that helps reduce the country's dependence on imported fossil fuels.
* Economic Savings: EVs are cheaper to maintain and operate compared to their fossil-fuel counterparts. An EV can cover 100 miles on just 30 kWh of charge, compared to higher fuel costs for traditional vehicles.

## Challenges and policy roadblocks

Despite these benefits, there are still challenges in Nepal's transition to electric mobility. The country faces a shortage of charging infrastructure, with around 250 charging stations currently installed. The Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA) has ambitious plans to expand this number by adding 500 more charging stations across the country. However, policy contradictions and fluctuating tax regulations continue to create uncertainty. In recent years, taxes on EVs have fluctuated, with higher taxes being imposed on high-end electric vehicles, although entry-level EVs still enjoy favorable tax rates.
Additionally, public awareness and availability of after-sales service remain areas of concern. Many potential buyers are hesitant due to "range anxiety" and concerns about the reliability of charging stations on highways, particularly in rural areas.

## Public transportation and EVs

Electric vehicles are also making inroads in Nepal's public transportation system. Several cities, including Kathmandu, Pokhara, and Nepalgunj, have introduced electric buses, and the Bagmati Province now mandates that all new taxis must be electric. Despite these positive developments, further investment in commercial EVs is needed to realize the full potential of electric public transport.
# VIP Road metro station

VIP Road metro station may refer to:
* VIP Road metro station (Kolkata) on Orange Line (Kolkata Metro)
* VIP Road metro station (Surat) on Line 1 (Surat Metro)
# Socialist National Defence Committee

The Socialist National Defence Committee also known as the Socialist National Defence League was a pro First World War socialist faction.

## History

The party's origins lay in the 1915 split by the right-wing of the British Socialist Party, led by Victor Fisher, primarily over issues raised by the First World War, comprising the supporters of the failed leadership candidate Henry M. Hyndman. They supported "the eternal idea of nationality" and aimed to promote "socialist measures in the war effort". This group, including H. G. Wells and Robert Blatchford, formed the Socialist National Defence Committee.
They believed that it was desirable to support the United Kingdom in World War I against "Prussian militarism". They still maintained that they were a Marxist party. They were grouped around the newspaper Justice.
Elements later became part of Hyndman's National Socialist Party which affiliated with the Labour Party in 1918. They were to renounce vanguardism and see the Russian Revolution as a danger that in weakening the United Kingdom's war effort.
Other supporters joined the British Workers League, formed in March 1916, which in turn became part of the pro-coalition National Democratic and Labour Party, in May 1918.
Coinciding with the Socialist National Defence Committee was Lord Alfred Milner's leadership of the National Service League. Milner's strong position on conscription brought him into contact with Victor Fisher, through R. MacLeod, the Secretary of the National Service League. Through talks, Fisher decided to take up an, 'imperial labor' platform, based on Lord Milner's book, The Nation and the Empire. For his service, Waldorf Astor agreed to pay Fisher a salary of £660 a year for three years (£68,000 in 2020), and £1,000 a year (£104,000 in 2020) for advertising. After a name change, on 17 March 1916 The British Workers National League published its manifesto in the Clarion, on 25 August Fisher published the first edition of its weekly newspaper, The British Citizen and Empire Worker, and by the end of the year the league claimed to have 70 branches throughout the country.
The British Workers National League changed its name to the National Democratic and Labour Party in May 1918, it merged with the National Liberal Party in 1922, and it reemerged as the Empire Citizens' League in 1925, and likely dissolved toward the end of 1927.