OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jacob Munch

Jacob Edvardsson Munch ( 9 August 1776 – 10 June 1839) was a Norwegian military officer and painter.

## Biography

Munch was born in Christiania, Norway. He was educated at the Academy of Fine Arts in Copenhagen (1804–1806) and later Paris. His teacher was French Neoclassical painter Jacques-Louis David. After his studies, he worked in Italy and Germany.
He painted a series of portraits of the famous people of the time. Munch was invited to Norway in 1813 by future Danish king Christian Frederik. His most notable assignment was the coronation picture of Charles XIV John as king of Norway from 1818. The coronation of Charles XIV John at Nidaros Cathedral was made on royal order.
Jacob Munch co-founded the Norwegian National Academy of Craft and Art Industry in Christiania in 1818 and also worked as a teacher there.

## Family

Jacob was a son of inspector Edvard Munch (1738–1793) and Petronelle Helene Krefting (1746 – 1810). He married Emerentze Carlsen Barclay (1786–1869), whose parents were Christen Carlsen Barclay and Severine Bøhme. They were the parents of Sophie Edvarda Munch, Emma Wilhelmine Munch, Nicoline Munch and Marie Fredrikke Munch.
His relatives included medical officer Christian Munch (1817–89) and historian Peter Andreas Munch (1810-1863) as well as the famous painter Edvard Munch (1863–1944).
# National Institute of Local Government

The National Institute of Local Government (Bengali: জাতীয় স্থানীয় সরকার ইনস্টিটিউট) is a government training and research institute that is responsible for training officials, both elected and appointed, of local government in Bangladesh and is located in Agargaon, Dhaka, Bangladesh. It is under the Local Government Division of the Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Co-operatives.

## History

In 1965, the government of Pakistan decided to establish a local government training institute in East Pakistan. A United States Agency for International Development consultant was appointed in 1967 to do a feasibility study. On 1 July 1969, the government of Pakistan established the Local government institute. The government of Bangladesh reformed the local government institute into the National Institute of Local Government in 1980. It is governed by a board of directors formed under National Institute of Local Government Law, 1992.
# Bundling (antitrust law)

Bundling is the setting of the total price of a purchase of several products or services from one seller at a lower level than the sum of the prices of the products or services purchased separately from several sellers. Typically, one of the bundled items (the "primary product") is available only from the seller engaging in the bundling, while the other item or items (the "secondary product") can be obtained from several sellers. The effect of the practice is to divert purchasers who need the primary product to the bundling seller and away from other sellers of only the secondary product. For that reason, the practice may be held an antitrust violation as it was in SmithKline Corp. v. Eli Lilly & Co. and LePage's, Inc. v. 3M.
# Maurice Perrin (bishop)

Paul-Marie-Maurice Perrin (30 June 1904 – 3 October 1994) was a French prelate of the Catholic Church who worked in Tunisia, including more than a decade as Archbishop of Carthage. He oversaw the dismantling of the Church's presence there with the end of French colonial rule in Tunisia. He then worked in Iraq as both archbishop and diplomat from 1965 to 1970 and ended his career as the Holy See's representative in Ethiopia from 1970 to 1972.

## Biography

Maurice Perrin was born on 30 June 1904 in Grenoble, France. He moved to Tunisia as a child and studied there and in Beirut before earning an engineering degree in France in 1927. He worked as an engineer in northern France for three years before returning to Tunis and entering the seminary. He was ordained a priest of the Archdiocese of Carthage, Tunisia, on 29 June 1936.
On 7 June 1947, Pope Pius XII appointed him titular archbishop of Utica and auxiliary bishop of Carthage. He received his episcopal consecration on 28 October 1947 from Charles-Albert Gounot, Archbishop of Carthage. On 29 October 1953, Pope Pius named him Archbishop of Carthage.
Perrin became Archbishop as Tunisia was struggling to establish its independence from France. Having achieved its independence on 20 March 1956, Tunisia then asserted its national aspirations against the Europeans, including restrictions on Christian worship. After years of negotiations, the Holy See and Tunisia signed an agreement called a modus vivendi that ceded all but a few Church properties to the government.
On 9 July 1964, the Archdiocese of Carthage was reorganized as the Territorial Prelature of Tunis. Perrin became the Territorial Prelate and titular archbishop of Nova. He held that post of territorial prelate for exactly six months before leaving Tunisia "at the request of the government" and receiving from Pope Paul the honorific title of Assistant to the Papal throne on 4 January 1965.
Pope Paul VI named Perrin Apostolic Delegate to Iraq on 31 July 1965 and Archbishop of Baghdad on 2 August. He was the first representative of the Holy See given diplomatic status by the Iraqi Republic. His pastoral role was minimal. On 14 October 1966 his title changed to Apostolic Pro-Nuncio to Iraq.
On 16 January 1970, Pope Paul appointed him Apostolic Pro-Nuncio to Ethiopia and titular archbishop of Gurza. He retired at age 68 as he was replaced in Ethiopia in November 1972 by Ippolito Rotoli.
He died on 3 October 1994.
# 1747 in science

The year 1747 in science and technology involved some significant events.

## Anatomy

* Bernhard Siegfried Albinus (1697–1770), with the help of the artist Jan Wandelaar (1691–1759), produces the most exact account of the bones and muscles of the human body in Tabulae Sceleti et Musculorum Corporis Humani.
* Albrecht von Haller publishes Experiments in the Anatomy of Respiration.

## Engineering

* École royale des ponts et chaussées established in Paris under Jean-Rodolphe Perronet.

## Exploration

* June 24 – October 14 – The English ships Dobbs galley and California, under Captains William Moore and Francis Smith, explore Hudson Bay, discovering there is no Northwest Passage by this route.

## Mathematics

* Jean le Rond d'Alembert uses partial differential equations in mathematical physics.

## Medicine

* January 1 - In France: Ordonnance du roi, portant règlement général concernant les hôpitaux militaires — Order of the king Louis XV, laying down general regulations concerning military hospitals.
* January 31 – The first venereal diseases clinic opens at London Lock Hospital.
* James Lind undertakes one of the first controlled experiments in clinical medicine, on the effect of citrus fruit as a cure for scurvy.

## Physics

* July 2 – Benjamin Robins presents a paper to the Royal Society describing the physics of a spinning projectile following his investigation of rifle barrels.

## Awards

* Copley Medal: Gowin Knight

## Births

* January 17 - Markus Herz, German physician (died 1803)
* January 19 – Johann Elert Bode, German astronomer (died 1826)
* March 11 – William Curtis, English botanist and entomologist (died 1799)
* May 4 - Philippe-Jean Pelletan, French surgeon (died 1829)
* June 23 - Michele Troja, Italian physician (died 1827)
* November 23 – Baron Sigmund Zois von Edelstein (Baron von Zois), Slovenian geologist after whom zoisite is named (died 1819)
* December 8 - Clément Joseph Tissot, French physician (died 1826).

## Deaths

* April 2 – Johann Jacob Dillenius, German botanist, botanical artist, and physician who studied and produced several papers on cryptogams (lower plants that do not have seeds or flowers), such as mosses and algae (born 1687)
* August 8 – Mårten Triewald, Swedish mechanical engineer (born 1691)
* Johann Heinrich von Heucher, German botanist, after whom the genus heuchera is named (born 1677)
# National Institute of Population Research and Training

The National Institute of Population Research and Training (NIPORT) is a government national research institute that researches family planning in Bangladesh and training government officers involved with family planning in Bangladesh and is located in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

## History

The institute was formed in July 1977 as the National Institute of Population Training. In 1980 the institute was placed in charge of the Family Welfare Visitors'Training Institutes (Now Regional Population Training Institute-RPTI) and Regional Training Centres(RTC)s. The institute carries out population surveys in Bangladesh. It is under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.
# Kailash Choudhary

Kailash Choudhary (born 20 September 1973) is an Indian politician who is Former Minister of State for Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare in Second Modi ministry. He is Former Member of Parliament from Barmer.

## Early life and education

Kailash Choudhary was born to father Taga Ram and mother Chuki Devi. He married Rupon Devi and has two sons. He was born in a Rajasthani Jat family. He was educated at the Nagpur University.

## Career

He was a former member of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly representing the Baytu Vidhan Sabha constituency of Rajasthan. He is a Bharatiya Janata Party member.
On 31 May 2019, Choudhary became Minister of State for Agriculture and Farmers Welfare and served there till 11 June 2024. On 9 August 2020, he gave the news of being COVID-19 positive through Twitter.
# Thaddeus Lê Hữu Từ

Thaddeus Lê Hữu Từ (28 October 1896 – 24 April 1967) was a Vietnamese Catholic prelate who served as the Apostolic Vicar of Phát Diệm from 1945 to 1959. He was also a supreme advisor to the early government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. As a leading Vietnamese Catholic nationalist figure during the First Indochina War, Từ was an ardent opponent of both French colonialism and Vietnamese communism.
# List of Serbian soccer clubs in Australia

As one of the many migrant groups in Australia, the Serbian diaspora has contributed to the development of soccer in Australia by the formation of numerous organised football clubs across most states and territories in Australia providing a pathway for all Australians to compete.
The oldest of these clubs are White City Beograd Woodville and Fitzroy City Serbia founded in 1952 and 1963 respectively. These Serbian-backed clubs have participated and won at the highest levels of State League play as well as participating in the Karadjordje Cup which has been held every year since 1988.
This is a list of Serbian soccer (football) clubs in Australia:
ACT
New South Wales
* Bonnyrigg White Eagles
* Bonnyrigg Football Club
* Albion Park White Eagles
* White City Beograd Soccer Club
* Liverpool Sports Club
* FC Eagles Sydney
South Australia
Western Australia
* Dianella White Eagles
* Maddington Eagles
Victoria
* Casey Kings Krajina
* FC Melbourne Srbija
* Noble Park Drina
* Springvale White Eagles
* Westgate Sindjelic
QLD
* United Eagles
* Saint George Willawong FC
# 2009 European Parliament election in Sicily

The European Parliament election of 2009 took place on 6–7 June 2009.
The People of Freedom was largest party in Sicily with 36.4%, largely ahead of the Democratic Party (21.9%), the Movement for the Autonomies (15.6%), that ran in list within The Autonomy coalition, and the Union of the Centre (11.9%).

## Results

| Parties | votes | votes (%) |
| The People of Freedom | 692,340 | 36.4 |
| Democratic Party | 415,680 | 21.9 |
| The Autonomy (MpA–Right) | 297,155 | 15.6 |
| Union of the Centre | 225,964 | 11.9 |
| Italy of Values | 135,457 | 7.1 |
| Anticapitalist List (PRC–PdCI) | 42,692 | 2.2 |
| Left and Freedom (MpS–FdV–PS) | 40,278 | 2.1 |
| Bonino-Pannella List | 29,832 | 1.6 |
| Others | 20,246 | 1.1 |
| Total | 1,899,644 | 100.0 |
Source: Ministry of the Interior
# Thierno Youm

Thierno Youm (born 17 April 1960 in Rufisque, Senegal) is a former forward.
# István Szögi

István Dániel Szögi (born 12 September 1995) is a Hungarian middle- and long-distance runner. He represented his country at the 2021 European Indoor Championships finishing eighth in the 1500 metres. He made his first Olympic appearance in Tokyo in 2021 running in the Men’s 1500m event.
Before turning to running he was a competitive kayaker.

## International competitions

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Hungary ||||||
| 2014 | World Junior Championships | Eugene, United States | 12th | 5000 m | 14:11.35 |
| 2014 | World Junior Championships | Eugene, United States | 13th | 10,000 m | 30:15.93 |
| 2015 | European U23 Championships | Tallinn, Estonia | 16th | 5000 m | 14:59.72 |
| 2017 | European U23 Championships | Bydgoszcz, Poland | 7th | 5000 m | 14:18.06 |
| 2021 | European Indoor Championships | Toruń, Poland | 8th | 1500 m | 3:40.40 |
| 2021 | Olympic Games | Tokyo, Japan | 23rd (h) | 1500 m | 3:38.79 |
| 2022 | European Championships | Munich, Germany | 23rd (h) | 1500 m | 3:44.20 |
| 2023 | World Championships | Budapest, Hungary | 32nd (h) | 1500 m | 3:37.57 |

## Personal bests

Outdoor
* 800 metres – 1:47.62 (Pápa 2022)
* 1500 metres – 3:36.63 (Montreuil 2021)
* Mile – 3:56.72 (Cork 2022)
* 3000 metres – 8:25.55 (Budapest 2016)
* 5000 metres – 14:09.88 (Veszprém 2020)
* 10.000 metres – 30:04.34 (Budapest 2014)
Indoor
* 800 metres – 1:47.75 (Budapest 2021)
* 1500 metres – 3:37.55 (Vienna 2021) NR
* One mile – 3:58.00 (Ostrav 2023) NR
* 2000 metres – 5:00.73 (Liévin 2022) NR
* 3000 metres – 7:57.26 (Budapest 2023)
* 5000 metres – 15:40.57 (Bozeman 2016)
# Bryan Reeves

Bryan K. Reeves (born July 10, 1970) is a former American football wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL) and Arena Football League (AFL). He played in the NFL for the Arizona Cardinals and the AFL for the Anaheim Piranhas, Milwaukee Mustangs and New York CityHawks. He played college football at El Camino College, Arizona State and Nevada.
# XHTKR-FM

XHTKR-FM is a radio station in Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico. Broadcasting on 103.7 FM, XHTKR is owned by Multimedios Radio and carries the La Ke Buena Regional Mexican format from Radiópolis. The transmitter is located atop Cerro del Mirador.
XHTKR-FM broadcasts in HD and is authorized to carry three subchannels:
* HD1 is a simulcast of the analog (traditional) signal.
* HD2 is a simulcast of XEAW-AM 1280.
* HD3 is Milenio Radio.

## History

The concession history for XHTKR begins with the award of XHNL-FM to Alfonso Flores López on August 23, 1979. At that time, the station broadcast on 94.9 MHz, but soon after moved to the current frequency. In 1988, XHNL became XHITS-FM (the current call sign of 106.1), and in 1999 There was a format swap with XHMNR-FM and XHITS-FM along with the callsign change.
When the Milenio Radio format of news programs with English classic hits music was brought to Monterrey on XHFMTU in 2012, the FM Tú format went online-only. Milenio Radio itself was nearly completely wound down in early 2018, with XHFMTU being the last station to exit the format by way of the relaunch of FM Tú as an urban station on April 1, 2018. Milenio Radio was transitioned to the HD3 subchannel. XERG-AM 690 was on the HD3 subchannel until Multimedios was authorized to replace it with XENL-AM 860 on August 21, 2019; by that time, XHERG-FM 92.9 was operating.
On September 17, 2023, XHFMTU dropped FM Tú a second time and became a franchise of the Ke Buena regional format from Radiópolis. Ke Buena had previously been broadcast on XHCHL-FM as part of a lease deal with Heraldo Media Group, which ended on December 1, 2022. The call sign was changed to XHTKR-FM in 2024.
# William Cruickshank (chemist)

William Cruickshank (born circa 1740 or 1750, died 1810 or 1811) was a Scottish military surgeon and chemist, and professor of chemistry at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich.
William Cruickshank was awarded a diploma by the Royal College of Surgeons of England on 5 October 1780. In March 1788 he became assistant to Adair Crawford at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, at a salary of £30 a year. On 24 June 1802, he became a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS).

## Discoveries and inventions

In 1797 he discovered that concentrated urine treated with nitric acid gives crystals, which exhibit acidic properties in solution, and may detonate if set on fire. That was urea nitrate.
He identified carbon monoxide as a compound containing carbon and oxygen in 1800. In 1800 he also used chlorine to purify water. He also discovered the chloralkali process.

### Strontium

Some authors credit Cruickshank with first suspecting an unknown substance in a Scottish mineral, strontianite, found near Strontian, in Argyleshire. Other authors name Adair Crawford for the discovery of this new earth, due to the mineral's property of imparting a redding color to a flame. It was later isolated by Humphry Davy and is now known as strontium.

### Diabetes

Cruickshank worked with John Rollo at Woolwich in the 1790s, and some of his discoveries about diabetes were published in Rollo's book on the dietary treatment of the condition. This research led him to isolate urea in 1798, though his priority was not recognised at the time.

### Trough battery

Circa 1800, Cruickshank invented the Trough battery, an improvement on Alessandro Volta's voltaic pile. The plates were arranged horizontally in a trough, rather than vertically in a column.

### Electrolysis

Shortly after learning of Alessandro Volta's discovery of the Voltaic Pile in 1800, Cruickshank conducted a number of experiments involving electrolysis. He connected wires of silver to the poles of a battery and placed them into a solution of distilled water, and later into a variety of other solutions, observing the results. When the wires were placed into the various solutions of lead acetate, copper sulfate and silver nitrate, deposits of pure lead, copper and silver formed, respectively, on one wire. From these experiments he observed that "where metallic solutions are employed instead of water, the same wire which separates the hydrogen revives the metallic calx, and deposits it at the extremity of the wire in its pure metallic state." This process of extraction of pure metals from metallic solutions is known today as electrowinning. It is used in the refining of copper and other metals.

## Retirement and death

In March 1803, Cruickshank became very ill and it is possible that this was due to exposure to phosgene during his experiments. On 6 July 1804, he retired on a pension of 10 shillings a day. He died in 1810 or 1811 and military records state that the death occurred in Scotland.
# 2009 Dublin South by-election

A by-election was held in the Dáil Éireann Dublin South constituency in Ireland on Friday, 5 June 2009, following the death of the Fianna Fáil Teachta Dála (TD) Séamus Brennan on 9 July 2008. As Brennan was a Fianna Fáil TD, that party had the responsibility of deciding when the by-election should take place. It was held on the same day as the 2009 European and local elections. There was no legal requirement on when to hold a by-election in Ireland in 2009 but it was generally held within six months. A by-election in the Dublin Central constituency was held on the same date.
Eight candidates contested the vacant seat, with victory going to the Fine Gael candidate, George Lee who was elected on the first count.

## Result

2009 Dublin South by-election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | FPv% | Count |
| Party | Party | Candidate | FPv% | 1 |
| | Fine Gael | George Lee | 53.4 | 27,768 |
| | Labour | Alex White | 19.8 | 10,294 |
| | Fianna Fáil | Shay Brennan | 17.8 | 9,250 |
| | Green | Elizabeth Davidson | 3.5 | 1,846 |
| | Sinn Féin | Shaun Tracey | 3.3 | 1,705 |
| | Independent | Ross O'Mullane | 1.2 | 650 |
| | Independent | Frank O'Gorman | 0.7 | 351 |
| | Independent | Noel O'Gara | 0.3 | 172 |
| Electorate: 90,802 Valid: 52,036 Spoilt: 443 (0.8%) Quota: 26,019 Turnout: 52,479 (57.8%) |||||
George Lee resigned from Dáil Éireann on 8 February 2010 after serving 8 months as a TD.
# Hokes Mill Covered Bridge

Hokes Mill Covered Bridge is a historic covered bridge at Ronceverte, Greenbrier County, West Virginia. It was built over Second Creek between 1897 and 1899, and measures 12 feet wide and 81.6 feet long. It has red board-and-batten siding and a standing seam metal roof. It is one of two remaining covered bridges in Greenbrier County, the other being Herns Mill Covered Bridge.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981.
# Roper's Knob Fortifications

Roper's Knob Fortifications were constructed by Union Army forces between February and May 1863 in Franklin, Tennessee. According to Tennessee Archaeology, "Roper's Knob served as part of a chain of signal stations that provided a communications link from Franklin to Murfreesboro. Additionally the knob had a large redoubt capable of holding four large artillery pieces, a blockhouse, cisterns, and a magazine. ... "
Artillery at Fort Granger, another fortification in Franklin, played a role in the November 1864 Battle of Franklin, but it is believed that Roper's Knob was not then occupied. It is nonetheless believed that artillery had at some point been hoisted into the fortification, in part on the archeological evidence of an artillery fuse found there, but was removed in 1864 when the battlefronts moved south. The area was investigated by an archeological dig in 2000.
A letter written by a 22nd Wisconsin soldier - Herman L. Cunningham - on June 28, 1863, from atop Roper's Knob, reveals in part, "Company H, K, & G occupy a Knob about three hundred feet high, with breastworks, stockade, and 125 pounder (cannon). The rest of the Regiment is over to the other fort [Fort Granger] 3/4 of a mile from here, that and the 85th Indiana command this post." The letter header says "Roper's Knob, Franklin."
In a study of Civil War Historic and Historic Archeological Resources in Tennessee, it is noted that Winstead Hill, Fort Granger, the Carter House, and Carnton comprise the Franklin Battlefield National Historic Landmark area, but Roper's Knob is not included.$^{:28}$ The document describes criteria for listing of fortifications on the National Register of Historic Places which applied to the later Roper's Knob nomination. The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000. The listing was for an area of 58.4 acres (23.6 ha).
# Julie Edel Hardenberg

Julie Edel Hardenberg (Born in 1971) is a Greenlandic photographer with Nordic and Inuit roots.
Her picture books include The Quiet Diversity. Kuuk, curated by her and Iben Mondrup and hosted by Institute in Greenland, explored Greenlandic identity.