# Mandarin orange varieties

Mandarin oranges are cultivated in many varieties. These include both the original wild mandarins and many hybrid varieties with other Citrus species.

## Stem mandarins (Citrus reticulata)

* Mangshan wild mandarins (only some, others being the genetically distinct mangshanyegan)
* Daoxian mandarines
* Suanpangan

## Domesticated mandarins and hybrids

Species names are those from the Tanaka system. Recent genomic analysis would place them all in Citrus reticulata, except the C. ryukyuensis hybrids
* Sun Chu Sha
* Nanfengmiju - one of China's most widely cultivated varieties.
* Cleopatra mandarin, acidic mandarin containing very small amount of pomelo introgression.
* Sunki, acidic mandarin containing very small amount of pomelo introgression.
* Tangerines (Citrus tangerina) is a grouping used for several distinct mandarin hybrids. Those sold in the US as tangerines have usually been Dancy, Sunburst or Murcott (Honey) cultivars. Some tangerine × grapefruit hybrids are legally sold as tangerines in the US.
* Mediterranean/Willowleaf/Thorny (Citrus × deliciosa), a mandarin with small amounts of pomelo.
* Dalanghita (Citrus reticulata) is a smaller mandarin endemic widely cultivated in the Philippines. Also known by other local names, naranghita and sintones.
* Huanglingmiao (Citrus reticulata), a mandarin–pomelo hybrid.
* Kishumikan (Citrus reticulata), or simply Kishu, a close clonal relative of Huanglingmiao, the two sharing a common origin before diverging as they were propagated
** Kunenbo (Citrus nobilis) a heterogeneous group that includes at least four distinct mandarin-pomelo hybrids.
*** King (in full, 'King of Siam', Citrus nobilis) a Kunenbo mandarin with high levels of pomelo admixture, sometimes classed as a tangor.
**** Kinnow (see image), a King × Willowleaf hybrid.
*** Satsuma (Citrus unshiu), a mandarin × pomelo hybrid with more pomelo than seen in most mandarins. It derived from a cross between a Huanglingmiao/Kishu and a non-King Kunenbo that was itself a pomelo × Huanglingmiao/Kishu cross. It is a seedless variety, of which there are over 200 cultivars, including Wenzhou migana, Owari, and mikan; the source of most canned mandarins, and popular as a fresh fruit due to its ease of consumption
**** Owari, a well-known Satsuma cultivar that ripens during the late autumn
** Komikan, a variety of Kishumikan
* The Ponkan (Citrus reticulata), a mandarin–pomelo hybrid
** The Dancy tangerine (Citrus tangerina) is a hybrid, the cross of a Ponkan with another unidentified hybrid mandarin. Until the 1970s, most tangerines grown and eaten in the US were Dancys, and it was known as "Christmas tangerine" and zipper-skin tangerine
*** Iyokan (Citrus iyo), a cross between the Dancy tangerine and another Japanese mandarin variety, the kaikoukan.
* Bang Mot tangerine, a mandarin variety popular in Thailand.
* Shekwasha (Citrus depressa), a group of clonal citrus that arose from multiple independent natural crosses of C. ryukyuensis with a Sun Chu Sha relative, a very sour mandarin grown for its acidic juice.
* Tachibana, also a cluster of similar clones, deriving from natural crosses between different individual C. ryukyuensis and a clonal C. reticulata lineage with both northern and southern subspecies contribution.
* Kinnow, also known as Pakistani mandarin is popular variety in Pakistan and Middle East.

## Mandarin crosses

* Tangelos, a generic term for modern mandarin (tangerine) × pomelo and mandarin × grapefruit crosses
** The Mandelo or 'cocktail grapefruit', a cross between a Dancy/King mixed mandarin and a pomelo. The term is also sometimes used generically, like a tangelo, for recent mandarin × pomelo hybrids.
* The sour orange (Citrus x aurantium) derives from a direct cross between a pure mandarin and a pomelo
** Lemon (Citrus x limon), a sour orange × citron hybrid.
*** Lime (Citrus x latifolia), a lemon × Key lime cross
*** Bergamot orange (Citrus x bergamia), a lemon × sour orange backcross
** Limetta (Citrus limetta), a distinct sour orange × citron hybrid
* The common sweet orange (Citrus x sinensis) derives from a cross between a non-pure mandarin and pomelo parents
** Tangors, or Temple oranges, are crosses between the mandarin orange and the common sweet orange; their thick rind is easy to peel, and its bright orange pulp is sour-sweet and full-flavoured. Some such hybrids are commonly called mandarins or tangerines.
*** Clementine (Citrus × clementina), a spontaneous hybrid between a Willowleaf mandarin orange and a sweet orange. sometimes known as a "Thanksgiving Orange" or "Christmas orange", as its peak season is winter; an important commercial mandarin orange form, having displaced mikans in many markets.
**** Clemenules or Nules, a variety of Clementine named for the Valencian town where it was first bred in 1953; it is the most popular variety of Clementine grown in Spain.
**** Fairchild is a hybrid of Clementine and Orlando tangelo
*** Murcott, a mandarin × sweet orange hybrid, one parent being the King.
**** Tango is a proprietary seedless mid-late season irradiated selection of Murcott developed by the University of California Citrus Breeding Program.
*** Kiyomi (Citrus unshiu × sinensis) is a Satsuma/sweet orange hybrid from Japan
**** Dekopon, a hybrid between Kiyomi and ponkan, marketed in the United States as Sumo Citrus(R)
** Grapefruit (Citrus x paradisi), the result of backcrossing the sweet orange with pomelo
** Meyer lemon (Citrus x meyer), a cross between a mandarin × pomelo hybrid and a citron.
** Palestinian sweet lime (Citrus x limettioides), a distinct (mandarin × pomelo) × citron hybrid
* Rangpur lime (Citrus x limonia), a pure-mandarin × citron cross
* Rough lemon (Citrus x jambhiri), a pure-mandarin × citron cross, distinct from rangpur
* Volkamer lemon (Citrus volkameriana), a pure-mandarin x citron cross, distinct from rangpur and rough lemon
* Jabara (Citrus jabara), a Kunenbo mandarin × yuzu cross.
* several of the kumquat-hybrid Citrofortunella, including calamansi, citrangequat, orangequat, mandarinquat and sunquat

## Non-mandarins

* Mangshanyegans, long thought to be mandarins, are a separate species.