OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Fault scarp

A fault scarp is a small step-like offset of the ground surface in which one side of a fault has shifted vertically in relation to the other. The topographic expression of fault scarps results from the differential erosion of rocks of contrasting resistance and the displacement of land surface by movement along the fault. Differential movement and erosion may occur either along older inactive geologic faults, or recent active faults.

## Characteristics

Fault scarps often involve zones of highly fractured rock and discontinuities of hard and weak consistencies of rock. Bluffs can form from upthrown blocks and can be very steep, as in the case of Pakistan's coastal cliffs. The height of the scarp formation tends to be defined in terms of the vertical displacement along the fault. Active scarp faults may reflect rapid tectonic displacement and can be caused by any type of fault including strike-slip faults. Vertical displacement of ten meters may occur in fault scarps in volcanic bedrock, but is usually the result of multiple episodic movements of 5 to 10 meters per tectonic event.
Due to the dramatic uplift along the fault, which exposes its surface, the fault scarp is very prone to erosion. This is especially true if the material being uplifted consists of unconsolidated sediment. Weathering, mass wasting, and water runoff can soon wear down these bluffs, sometimes resulting in V-shaped valleys along runoff channels. Adjacent V-shaped valley formations give the remaining fault spurs a very triangular shape. This formation is known as a triangular facet; however, this landform is not limited to fault scarps.
Fault scarps may vary in size from a few centimeters to many meters. Fault-line scarps are typically formed due to the differential erosion of weaker rocks along a fault. Such erosion, occurring over long time periods, may shift a physical cliff far from the actual fault location, which may be buried beneath a talus, alluvial fan or filled-in valley sediments. It may therefore be difficult to distinguish between fault scarps and fault-line scarps.

## Examples

* The Teton Range in Wyoming is an example of an active fault scarp. The dramatic topography of the Tetons is due to geologically recent activity on the Teton Fault.
* Fault scarps in Motosu, Japan, created by the 1891 Mino–Owari earthquake.
* The fault scarps bounding the East African Rift Valley.
* The fault scarps bounding the Rio Grande Rift in New Mexico.
* The Bree fault scarp of the Roer Valley in northeast Belgium
* The underwater Malta escarpment marks the eastern end of the Malta Plateau continental shelf and runs southwards from the eastern coasts from Sicily and the Malta towards the Medina Seamounts near the African coast.
# Paylocity

Paylocity Holding Corporation is an American provider of cloud-based payroll and human capital management (HCM) software solutions.

## History

Founded in 1997 and publicly traded since 2014, Paylocity has consistently been recognized nationally for its innovation, culture, and growth. The company was founded as Ameripay Payroll Ltd. by Steve Sarowitz in 1997. It was renamed Paylocity in December 2005. It relocated from Franklin Park, Illinois to Elk Grove Village, and later to Arlington Heights. The company has leased 309,000 square feet of office space in the former headquarters of Zurich Insurance North America in Schaumburg, Illinois. The move was completed in 2019.
It was one of the 5,000 fastest growing private companies according to Inc. Magazine in 2003, 2004, and from 2007 to 2014. The company was also included in the Deloitte Fast 500 as one of the fastest growing technology companies in 2013, 2014, and 2015.
Paylocity held an initial public offering in March 2014, raising about $120 million.
The company was listed in Glassdoor's Best Places to Work in 2019.
In 2021, Paylocity was listed at #51 in Fortune's 100 Fastest Growing Companies for 2021
On Sep 4th, 2024, Paylocity announced a Definitive Agreement to Acquire Airbase Inc., a spending management software solution provider.
# Camelia Macoviciuc-Mihalcea

Camelia Macoviciuc-Mihalcea (born 1 March 1968) is a Romanian rower.
# Young Investment Group

Young Investment Group (YIG) is a private company established in 1998 in Myanmar which employs more than 6000 local workers and operates 16 subsidiaries in Myanmar, China and Singapore.

## YIG Business Sectors

The conglomerate is involved in various business sectors in Myanmar, ranging from trading and automobiles to insurance and microfinance.
Young Investment Group (YIG) operates in various business sectors in Myanmar. They have established themselves as a prominent player in these industries, contributing to the country's economic development. YIG conducts its operations in the insurance sector through Young Insurance Global Co. Ltd., which holds a government-issued insurance license. This designation places them among the few companies authorized to provide insurance services in Myanmar. IG also holds a finance license from the Myanmar Government, enabling them to engage in SME financing. Additionally, they have a separate entity dedicated to providing microfinancing services, further bolstering their presence in the financial sector. WYIG is involved in various aspects of the energy sector, including oil and gas exploration (E&P), surveying, logistics, and hydropower projects such as Myitha and Yazagyo Hydropower. They have also secured key PSC (Production Sharing Contract) blocks in partnership with Pacific Hunt Energy Corp, marking their significance in Myanmar's energy landscape. The trading arm of YIG oversees the import of heavy machinery, construction materials, and automobiles while facilitating the export of manufactured goods, thus fostering international trade connections. In the mining industry, YIG's mining companies are significant players in Myanmar, engaged in the extraction of precious gems like rubies and jade, as well as mining for gold and minerals, further contributing to the nation's mineral resources. YIG also operates manufacturing facilities, producing a wide range of manufactured goods, and they have factories in the Magway and Mandalay regions. Their construction arm is actively involved in real estate development, infrastructure projects, housing, and factory construction, contributing to the growth of the construction industry in Myanmar. YIG has ventured into the TV broadcasting sector with YTV, a free-to-air channel which adds to its diversified portfolio of businesses.
# Bruce (Ontario provincial electoral district)

Bruce was a provincial riding in Ontario, Canada, that was created for the 1934 election. It was merged into Grey-Bruce prior to the 1967 election but was recreated in 1987. It was abolished a second time prior to the 1999 election. It was merged into the riding of Bruce—Grey.

## Members of Provincial Parliament

Bruce :
| Assembly | Years | Member | Party |
| Riding created from Bruce North and Bruce South |||||
| 19th | 1934–1937 | John William Sinclair | Liberal |
| 20th | 1937–1943 | John William Sinclair | Liberal |
| 21st | 1943–1945 | Thomas Neil Duff | Liberal |
| 22nd | 1945–1948 | John Philemon Johnstone | Progressive Conservative |
| 23rd | 1948–1951 | T. Kenzie Foster | Liberal |
| 24th | 1951–1955 | John Philemon Johnstone | Progressive Conservative |
| 25th | 1955–1959 | Ross Whicher | Liberal |
| 26th | 1959–1963 | Ross Whicher | Liberal |
| 27th | 1963–1967 | Ross Whicher | Liberal |
| Riding dissolved into Grey—Bruce and Huron—Bruce |||||
| Riding recreated from Grey—Bruce and Huron—Bruce |||||
| 34th | 1987–1990 | Murray Elston | Liberal |
| 35th | 1990–1994 | Murray Elston | Liberal |
| 36th | 1995–1999 | Barbara Fisher | Progressive Conservative |
| Sourced from the Ontario Legislative Assembly |||||
| Merged into Bruce—Grey—Owen Sound and Huron—Bruce |||||
# Suzanne Renaud

Suzanne Renaud (30 September 1889 – 21 January 1964) was a French poet and translator.

## Life

Renaud was born on 30 September 1889 in Lyon. She moved from Lyon to Grenoble in 1894, and during World War I she worked at the military infirmary there. In 1926 she married the Czechoslovak poet Bohuslav Reynek in Grenoble, who had come to seek her permission to translate her poetry in 1923. For the next ten years they divided their time between France and Czechoslovakia, settling in the latter country definitively in 1936. She translated her husband's works into French, as he did for her. In the years 1947–1959 she corresponded with the French writer Henri Pourrat. She also translated the Czech poets Vladimír Holan and František Halas into French.
They had two sons: Daniel Reynek (1928–2014), a photographer, and Jiří Reynek (1929–2014), a graphic artist, poet and translator.
She died on 21 January 1964 in Havlíčkův Brod.

## Works

* Ta vie est là (Saint-Félicien-en-Vivarais: éditions du Pigeonnier, 1922)
* Ailes de cendre (Pardubice: Vokolek, 1932), with illustrations by Bohuslav Reynek
* Křídla z popele (Pardubice: Vokolek, 1935), translation of Ailes de cendre by Reynek
* Victimae laudes (Pardubice: Vokolek, 1938), poetry collection
* Dveře v přítmí (Kroměříž: Magnificat, 1946), translation by Reynek
* Chvála oběti poems translated into Czech by Bohuslav Reynek (Brno: Atlantis, 1948)
* Romarin ou Annette et Jean - Ballades et poésies populaires tchèques et moraves Renaud's translation of Czech and Moravian ballads and poetry
# Marioara Popescu

Mărioara Popescu (later Ciobanu; born 9 November 1962) is a retired Romanian rower. She competed at the 1984, 1988 and 1996 Olympics and won gold medals in 1984 and 1996. At the world championships she won seven medals between 1983 and 2000, including two gold medals in the eights in 1990 and 1999.
# Gulam Ghaus Khan

Gulam Ghaus Khan (died 3 April 1858) also known as Topchi Ghulam Ghaus Khan was an Indian Independence activist who was a close confidant of Rani Lakhsmi Bai, the queen of Jhansi. He was the Main Gunner in the army of Rani Lakhsmi Bai. He had been a active participant in the 1857 Revolt against Britishers. He was a devout Muslim and a follower of Abdul Qadir Jilani, often known as Gausul Aazam by his followers. He belonged to a Pathan family.

## Legacy

Gulam Ghaus Khan Park in Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh.
In October 2024, Rani Lakhsmi Bai Samiti announced to install a Statue of Khan at a Park near Eidgah in New Delhi with the help of Municipal Corporation.
# James N. Huston

James Nelson Huston (1849–1927) was a United States banker, businessman, and politician who served as Treasurer of the United States from 1889 to 1891.

## Biography

James N. Huston was born in Greencastle, Pennsylvania in 1849, the son of William Huston (1801–1875) and his wife, Isabella E. (Duncan) Huston. In 1851, his father settled in Connersville, Indiana and in 1870 was one of the co-founders of a local bank known as the Citizens' Bank. William Huston amassed a large fortune that he left to James at his death on January 5, 1875. He became the owner of the Citizens Bank at that time. He would later get into a number of businesses, including coffins, milling, silver plating, buggies, hosiery, and gas.
A Republican, Huston was elected to the Connersville City Council in 1876, and was re-elected in 1878. In 1880, he was elected to the Indiana House of Representatives. In 1882, he was elected to the Indiana Senate, representing Fayette County, Rush County, and Union County. He was chairman of the Indiana Republican Party during the 1884 U.S. presidential election and the 1888 U.S. presidential election.
In 1889, President of the United States Benjamin Harrison nominated Huston to be Treasurer of the United States and Huston subsequently held that office from May 11, 1889 until April 24, 1891.
After leaving office, Huston later became president of the National Trust Company. On January 3, 1910, Huston and two associates were indicted in Washington, D.C. for mail fraud. He was convicted on December 14, 1910.
Huston died in 1927.
# Jaclyn Sienna India

Jaclyn Sienna India is an American entrepreneur and travel adviser. She is the founder and CEO of Sienna Charles, a lifestyle and travel concierge agency.

## Career

India began her career at Le Bec-Fin, a French restaurant in Philadelphia. After moving to Florida, she worked at a traditional travel agency. In 2008, she founded Sienna Charles with her husband, Freddy Charles Reinert.
In 2012, Sienna Charles planned its first trip for a world leader,as reported by CNN. In 2015, she organized a trip to Ethiopia's Omo Valley for former President George W. Bush. Since 2012, her agency has organized over 100 trips for at least 15 presidents, prime ministers, public figures and also celebrities, such as Mariah Carey. In a 2024 interview with ET Online, India stated that her firm has seen an increase in younger clients from the tech and media industries seeking private travel arrangements, including access to well-known landmarks and events.

## Controversy

In September 2024, during an appearance on Tosh Show, she stated that her first billionaire client contacted her after reading an article about her work. She claimed that the client requested assistance in bringing a private yacht into the Galápagos Islands, where such yachts are prohibited, and said that she "made it happen anyway."
# 2021 Gwangju building collapse

On Wednesday, 9 June 2021 at 16:22 KST, a five-story building collapsed in Gwangju, South Korea during demolition, killing at least nine people and critically injuring eight. All of the casualties were passengers on a bus that was stopped at a station next to the building.

## Collapse

At 04:22 p.m. KST, a 5-story building was in the process of being demolished when a portion of the building collapsed onto a 7-lane road. The collapse buried a bus and two cars near a station next to the building under thousands of tonnes of rubble, and trapped dozens of passengers. All of the fatalities were bus passengers. The heap of rubble was 10 metres tall; rescuers used heavy machinery to comb through the wreckage. Nine people were found dead inside of the bus and eight others were critically injured.
The collapse occurred due to the demolition company starting on the middle floor.

## Investigation

In the immediate aftermath of the collapse, police charged four people with involuntary manslaughter. Three were workers from two different demolition companies and another was a supervisor from another company.
Police also probed whether a former member of an organized crime ring was overseeing the demolition of the building. On the 16th of June, police raided the headquarters of HDC Hyundai Development Company in Seoul to execute a search and seizure warrant ascertain whether the company was responsible for the disaster.
The person responsible for overseeing the demolition works was arrested at an airport after three months on the run.
# Hatulia B Administrative Post

Hatulia B, officially Hatulia B Administrative Post (Portuguese: Posto Administrativo de Hatulia B, Tetum: Postu administrativu Hatólia B), is an administrative post in Ermera municipality, East Timor. It was separated from Hatulia Administrative Post with effect from 1 January 2022.
# Andrew Kennedy (American politician)

Andrew Kennedy (July 24, 1810 – December 31, 1847) was an American lawyer and politician who served three terms as a U.S. Representative from Indiana from 1841 to 1847.
He was a cousin of Case Broderick.

## Biography

Born in Dayton, Ohio, Kennedy moved with his parents to a farm on the Indian reserve near Lafayette, Indiana. He soon afterward moved to Connersville, Indiana, where he became a blacksmith's apprentice. Kennedy attended the common schools and later studied law. He was admitted to the bar in 1833 and commenced practice in Connersville.
Kennedy then moved to Muncie (then Muncytown or Muncietown), Indiana, in 1834 and continued the practice of law. He served as member of the Indiana House of Representatives in 1835 and served in the Indiana Senate in 1838.

### Congress

Kennedy was elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-seventh, Twenty-eighth, and Twenty-ninth Congresses (March 4, 1841 – March 3, 1847).

### Death

He served as Democratic caucus nominee for United States Senator in 1847. He was stricken with smallpox on the eve of the legislative joint convention and died in Indianapolis, Indiana, December 31, 1847.
He was interred in Greenlawn Cemetery. He was reinterred in Beech Grove Cemetery, Muncie, Indiana.
# Adolf-Friedrich Kuntzen

General Adolf-Friedrich Kuntzen (26 July 1889 – 10 July 1964) was a German general in the Wehrmacht during World War II who commanded the LXXXI Army-Corps under Erwin Rommel in Normandy in 1944.
He saw service in World War I, and served in a variety of positions in the interwar period. Promoted to Generalmajor in 1938, he assumed command of the 3rd Light Division on 10 November 1938. This unit was reorganized as the 8th Panzer Division in 1939 and Kuntzen led the division in Poland and France. On 15 March 1941 he was appointed to command the LVII Panzer Corps, which he led in Russia until 1942.

## Awards

* Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 3 June 1940 as Generalleutnant and commander of 8th Panzer Division
# Relativity (M. C. Escher)

Relativity is a lithograph print by the Dutch artist M. C. Escher, first printed in December 1953. The first version of this work was a woodcut made earlier that same year.
It depicts a world in which the normal laws of gravity do not apply. The architectural structure seems to be the centre of an idyllic community, with most of its inhabitants casually going about their ordinary business, such as dining. There are windows and doorways leading to park-like outdoor settings. All of the figures are dressed in identical attire and have featureless bulb-shaped heads. Identical characters such as these can be found in many other Escher works.
In the world of Relativity, there are three sources of gravity, each being orthogonal to the two others. Each inhabitant lives in one of the gravity wells, where normal physical laws apply. There are sixteen characters, spread between each gravity source, six in one and five in each of the other two. The apparent confusion of the lithograph print comes from the fact that the three gravity sources are depicted in the same space.
The structure has seven stairways, and each stairway can be used by people who belong to two different gravity sources. This creates interesting phenomena, such as in the top stairway, where two inhabitants use the same stairway in the same direction and on the same side, but each using a different face of each step; thus, one descends the stairway as the other climbs it, even while moving in the same direction nearly side by side. In the other stairways, inhabitants are depicted as climbing the stairways upside-down, but based on their own gravity source, they are climbing normally.
Each of the three parks belongs to one of the gravity wells. All but one of the doors seem to lead to basements below the parks. Though metaphysically possible, such basements are unusual and add to the surreal effect of the picture.

## In popular culture

Relativity is one of Escher's most popular works, and has been used in a variety of ways.
# Mạc Kính Vũ

Mạc Kính Vũ (莫敬宇, ?–?) was the tenth emperor of the Mạc dynasty. He reigned from 1638 – 1677.
He ascended the throne in 1638. He was a supporter of Wu Sangui. After the Revolt of the Three Feudatories was pacificated, he was attacked by Trịnh lord, and fled to Qing China. He was no longer supported by Qing China, and died there in exile.
# Meleki Hatun

Meleki Hatun (Ottoman Turkish: ملکی خاتون; "Angel" died 27 February 1656) was a lady-in-waiting to Kösem Sultan, her son Sultan Ibrahim, and later to Turhan Hatice Sultan, Haseki of Ibrahim and mother of Mehmed IV.

## Life

Meleki Hatun had originally been a (cariye or odalisque) member of Kösem Sultan's staff. She became a lady-in-waiting (musahibe) to Sultan Ibrahim after he ascended the throne in 1640.
In early 1648, the treasury of Egypt was lavished on Ibrahim’s favourite wives and women, which also included Meleki. In the same year Ibrahim was deposed, and replaced by his six-year-old son, Prince Mehmed as Mehmed IV. Instead of retiring to the Old Palace, Kösem was asked by the leading statesmen of the state to act as Valide Sultan to her grandson, the new Sultan, and Meleki remained with her.
However, Mehmed's mother Turhan Sultan turned out to be ambitious. Kösem planned to replace Mehmed by another grandson, Süleyman, whose mother could easily be controlled. However, her plan was exploited by Meleki Hatun. Kösem was killed in a palace coup in 1651 led by Turhan's chief black eunuch.
Meleki became a favourite retainer of the new Valide Sultan because of her loyalty to her. She married Şaban Halife, a former page in the palace training school. The couple set up a residence in the imperial capital, Istanbul. They suited to act as channel for information and intercessors on behalf of individuals with petitions for the palace. Meleki received female petitioners, and her husband received male petitioners. Meleki exploited her relationship with Turhan Sultan, while Şaban exploited contacts he had formed while serving within the palace.
Meleki was accused of having a forbidden relationship with Turhan's son, stepsons and with Turhan herself.

## Death

The political influence of the couple grew so much that they lost their lives in 1656, when the troops stationed at Istanbul rebelled against alleged abuses in government.

## In popular culture

* In the 2010 film Mahpeyker: Kösem Sultan Meleki Hatun is portrayed by a Turkish actress Bulut Köpük.
* In the 2015 TV series Muhteşem Yüzyıl: Kösem, Meleki Hatun is portrayed by Turkish actresses Melis Kara, Ahsen Eroğlu and Şeyma Burcu Gül.
# Gerry McAvoy

John Gerard McAvoy (born 19 December 1951) is a Northern Irish blues rock bass guitarist. He played with blues rock musician Rory Gallagher between 1970 and 1991, and then with Nine Below Zero until 2011.

## Biography

McAvoy was born in Belfast, Northern Ireland on 19 December 1951. In his youth, he enjoyed listening to his sister's collection of Buddy Holly, Beatles and Rolling Stones records. Aged 13, he bought a second-hand Muddy Waters album in a Belfast record store and later said it "changed my life". He began playing in bands soon afterwards, initially on rhythm guitar before switching to bass.
He later joined the band Deep Joy, playing Motown and 60s pop covers. During his tenure in the band he first played with drummer Brendan O'Neill, who was later to tour with Rory Gallagher and appeared on his last three albums Jinx, Defender and Fresh Evidence. Deep Joy eventually moved to London but split in late 1970, at the same time as Gallagher's band, Taste broke up. During their career, Deep Joy had played support slots to Taste. Gallagher contacted McAvoy, who had returned to Belfast, to come back and rehearse. The pair jammed with latterday Deep Joy drummer Wilgar Campbell, and the trio became Gallagher's first solo touring band.
McAvoy began listening to blues records at an early age. As well as rock and roll, his main influences include Muddy Waters, Paul McCartney and Jet Harris. In his autobiography he cites his brother-in-law (of the same name) as an influence on much of his musical taste. On 18 December 2011 McAvoy performed his last gig (to date) with Nine Below Zero in Leicester, at a venue called 'The Musician'.
He subsequently formed "Gerry McAvoy's Band of Friends". On 15 May 2014, Gerry McAvoy's Band of Friends performed at the Flowerpot in Derby for a celebration of the music of Rory Gallagher and were supported by British acoustic blues singer songwriter, Matt Woosey.

## Riding Shotgun

2005 saw the publication of his biography, Riding Shotgun: 35 Years on the Road with Rory Gallagher and Nine Below Zero. (Published by SPG Triumph, ISBN 9780955032011)

## Discography (solo)

* 1978 - Live - A week at The Bridge E16 (2 tracks on this compilation by Gerry McAvoy Jam)
* 1980 – Bassics
* 2010 – Can't Win 'Em All