OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Floyd Abrams

Floyd Abrams (born July 9, 1936) is an American lawyer. A member of Cahill Gordon & Reindel since 1963 and currently senior counsel, he has argued in 13 cases before the Supreme Court of the United States. Abrams was co-counsel to The New York Times in the 1971 Pentagon Papers case, and represented Judith Miller in the CIA leak grand jury investigation, Standard & Poor's, and Lorillard Tobacco Company among others. He also represented Senator Mitch McConnell in the Citizens United 2010 Supreme Court case. Two of Abrams' clients had been on death row for crimes, and their convictions were overruled by the Supreme Court.

## Early life and education

Abrams was born in New York City on July 9, 1936, the son of Rae (née Eberlin) and Isadore Abrams. He is of Jewish descent and had a bar mitzvah ceremony. His first cousin is Elliot Abrams, President George W. Bush's deputy national-security advisor. He earned his undergraduate degree from Cornell University in 1956, and after trying to decide between a PhD in American History and law, he obtained his Juris Doctor from Yale Law School in 1960.
While at Cornell, Abrams participated in Reserve Officers' Training Corps and was a first lieutenant in the U.S. Army.

## Career

From 1961 to 1963, Abrams clerked for Judge Paul Conway Leahy of the United States District Court for the District of Delaware. Abrams joined Cahill Gordon & Reindel in 1963 and became a partner in 1970. He was also a Visiting Lecturer at Columbia Law School from 1981 to 1985. He was the William J. Brennan Jr. visiting Professor at the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism.
He created the Floyd Abrams Institute for Freedom of Expression at Yale Law School.
Abrams is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
His clients have included The McGraw-Hill Companies, ABC, NBC, CBS, CNN, Time Magazine, Business Week, The Nation, Reader's Digest, Hearst, AIG, and others.
He is the subject of the PBS - American Masters documentary Floyd Abrams: Speaking Freely, which was nominated for an Emmy.

## Personal life

Abrams lives in New York City with wife Efrat Surasky, who suffers from Alzheimer's disease. Together they have a son, television host Dan Abrams; and a daughter, Judge Ronnie Abrams of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York.
In 2008, Abrams played the role of Judge Hall in the movie Nothing but the Truth.

## Recognitions

* Presented with the Chambers and Partners' Lifetime Achievement Award in 2010.
* Recipient of the Freedom of Speech Award from The Media Institute in 2024.
* Honoree and recipient of the Inaugural Floyd Abrams Award by the National Coalition Against Censorship in 2024.

## Selected publications

* Speaking Freely: Trials of the First Amendment, (Viking Press, 2005) ISBN 978-0-670-03375-1.
* Friend of the Court: On the Front Lines with the First Amendment, (Yale University Press, 2013) ISBN 978-0-300-19087-8.
* The Soul of the First Amendment, (Yale University Press, 2017) and ISBN 978-0-300-19088-5.
# Yale Bridge

The Yale Bridge or Lewis River Bridge spans the Lewis River near Yale, Washington. It was built in 1932 by Cowlitz and Clark counties. The suspension bridge has a clear span of 300 feet (91 m), with a total length of 532 feet (162 m), replacing a previous steel truss bridge at the site. Construction of the Ariel Dam had created Lake Merwin with a water depth of 90 feet (27 m) at the site, requiring a new bridge that did not need to have support piers in the water. The road deck, stiffened by a steel Warren truss, is 50 feet (15 m) above the high water line of the reservoir.

## History

The bridge was designed by Harold H. Gilbert of the Washington State Highway Department, and was constructed by the Gilpin Construction Company of Portland, Oregon.

## Structure

The only short-span steel suspension bridge in Washington, the bridge incorporates unique features. Only the central span is slung from the cables, with separate unloaded cables acting as backstays running from the 88.75-foot (27.05 m) tall towers to concrete anchorages in the canyon's rocky sides. The approach spans were originally supported from below by a timber structure. The cables are discontinuous at the towers, unlike most suspension bridges, in which the cables run over a saddle on the towers. With less wear, the cables could be smaller. The bridge deck is made of timbers with an asphalt overlay. The counties transferred the bridge to the Washington State Department of Highways in the late 1930s and it was refitted in 1957–58 with steel approach spans. It is noted for prominent brackets supporting osprey nests.

## Recognition

The bridge was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on July 16, 1982.
# Esh

Esh or ESH may refer to:
* Esh, County Durham, a village in England
* Esh (letter) (Ʃ, ʃ), used in conjunction with the Latin alphabet
* Brighton City Airport, in England
* Eshtehardi language
* Environment, safety and health
* Esher railway station, Surrey, National Rail station code
* Western Sahara, ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 country code
# Yaquina Bay Bridge

The Yaquina Bay Bridge is an arch bridge that spans Yaquina Bay south of Newport, Oregon. It is one of the most recognizable of the U.S. Route 101 bridges designed by Conde McCullough and one of eleven major bridges on the Oregon Coast Highway designed by him. It superseded the last ferry crossing on the highway.

## History

Work on the Yaquina Bay Bridge began on August 1, 1934. The bridge opened on September 6, 1936, at a cost of $1,301,016 ($28,570,000 in today's dollars). A total of 220 people worked to pour 30,000 cubic yards (23,000 m$^3$) of concrete and fabricate 3,100 tons of steel. The contractors were the Gilpin Construction Company of Portland, Oregon, and the General Construction Company of Seattle, Washington. The main arch was built in toward the center from the anchorages, using tiebacks to support the arch until it could be closed. The piers are supported by timber pilings driven to a depth of about 70 feet (21 m) below sea level. The project received funding from the Public Works Administration.

## Description

The 600-foot (180 m) main span is a semi-through arch, with the roadway penetrating the middle of the arch. It is flanked by identical 350-foot (110 m) steel deck arches, with five concrete deck arches of diminishing size extending to the south landing. The main arch is marked by tall obelisk-like concrete finials on the main piers, with smaller decorative elements marking the ends of the flanking spans. The arches are built as box girders. The two-lane road is 27 feet (8.2 m) wide, running inside the arches with two 3.5-foot (1.1 m) sidewalks. The main arch is 246 feet (75 m) above sea level at its crown. Overall length of the bridge is 3,260 feet (990 m), including concrete deck-girder approach spans. The navigable channel measures 400 feet (120 m) wide by 133 feet (41 m) high.
The bridge uses Art Deco and Art Moderne design motifs as well as forms borrowed from Gothic architecture. The Gothic influence is seen in the balustrade, which features small pointed arches, and in the arches of the side span piers. The ends of the bridge are augmented by pedestrian plazas that afford a view of the bridge and provide access to the parks at the landings by stairways. Pedestals were provided for proposed sculptures of seals, but the statues were never executed.

## Designation

The Yaquina Bay Bridge was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 5, 2005.

## Gallery

* The main span
* From the roadway
* The interior of the bridge
* The base of the bridge
* Base, picnic tables.
* From the west
* The north staircase
* Looking south; photographer is next to north staircase
# Battle of Kočevje

The Battle of Kočevje (Slovene: bitka za Kočevje) was an encounter between the Slovene Partisans, the armed wing of the pro-Allies Liberation Front of the Slovene People and on the other hand the German occupying forces and the pro-Axis Slovene Home Guard in Operational Zone of the Adriatic Littoral during World War II.
Under the command of Mirko Bračič at midnight on 9 December 1943 the town of Kočevje (German: Gotschee) was attacked by three Slovene Partisans brigades. The attack was supported by the partisan artillery and mortars.
The Kočevje mine, student hostel, school and some other important buildings in the city were captured by the partisans. The remnants of the German-Home Guard garrison retreated into the Gotschee Castle where it remained protected by its thick walls until two German relief columns under the command of Oskar von Niedermayer came from Ljubljana and broke the partisan encirclement, rescuing the besieged German garrison on 12 December 1943.
# Drakeia massacre

The Drakeia massacre (Greek: Η σφαγή της Δράκειας) refers to the mass execution of 115 men by SS soldiers in the village of Drakeia, located on Mount Pelion, in Thessaly, on 18 December 1943. It was part of the multiple Nazi reprisals against the Greek Resistance in occupied Greece.
A wake in memory of the victims is held in the area every year, in the presence of members of the Greek Parliament, members of the Government of Greece and other dignitaries.
# Life's Highway

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Life's Highway is the fourth studio album by American country music artist Steve Wariner. It was released in 1985 by MCA. Three singles were released from it in 1986, and the first two singles, including the title track, went to number-one. This album peaked at #22. Rodney Crowell later recorded "She's Crazy for Leaving" on his 1989 album Diamonds & Dirt.

## Personnel

* Steve Wariner – lead vocals, acoustic guitar (2), guitar solo (3, 6), backing vocals (7)
* John Barlow Jarvis – keyboards (1, 10), electric piano (2, 5, 7-9), acoustic piano (3-6)
* Tony Brown – synthesizers (1), truculent yell (4), acoustic piano (9)
* Shane Keister – synthesizers (2, 5), vocoder (7), organ (9)
* Reggie Young – electric guitars, wham bar (2)
* Billy Joe Walker Jr. – acoustic guitar (1-3, 8, 10), electric guitars (4-7, 9)
* Chet Atkins – Del Vecchio guitar solo (7)
* Jerry Douglas – dobro (1)
* Allyn Love – steel guitar (1, 2, 4)
* Mark O'Connor – mandolin (1), fiddle (6, 10)
* Emory Gordy Jr. – bass guitar
* Eddie Bayers – drums
* Farrell Morris – percussion (2, 5, 7)
* Gove Scrivenor – autoharp (10)
* Carl Jackson – backing vocals (1)
* Mac McAnally – backing vocals (1, 7, 10), acoustic guitar (4, 7)
* Harry Stinson – backing vocals (2, 3)
* Terry Wariner – backing vocals (4, 6, 10)
* Doana Kuper – truculent yell (4)
* Keith Odle – truculent yell (4)
* Giles Reaves – truculent yell (4)
* Paul Davis – backing vocals (5, 10)
* Wendy Waldman – backing vocals (5)
* John Hall – backing vocals (8)
* Lance Hoppen – backing vocals (8)
* Larry Hoppen – backing vocals (8)
* John Wesley Ryles – backing vocals (9)

### Production

* Jimmy Bowen – producer
* Tony Brown – producer
* Steve Tillisch – recording, mixing
* Mike Hellman – assistant engineer
* Russ Martin – assistant engineer
* Keith Odle – assistant engineer
* Robbie Rose – assistant engineer
* Glenn Meadows – mastering at Masterfonics (Nashville, Tennessee)
* Simon Levy – art direction, design
* Peter Nash – photography
* June Morgan – make-up
* Austin Morgan – wardrobe
* Don Light Talent – management
# Paul Martinetti

Paul Martinetti (June 22, 1846 – December 26, 1924) was a French-American entertainer and stage actor. He was popular in English music halls and pantomimes between the 1870s and 1900s, and in retirement became a British national.

## Biography

Martinetti was born in France, the son of Julien and Adele Martinetti, who were Italian subjects. Julien Martinetti (1821–1884) was from a long-established family of acrobats, mime artists and pantomime performers who travelled widely throughout Europe. With his brother Philippe (1829–1874), he joined with the equally famous family troupe led by Gabriel Ravel, and they travelled in 1848 to the United States, where they performed together for several years, sometimes in association with Charles Blondin. After the Ravel family returned to France, Julien and Philippe Martinetti continued touring North and South America, and Australia, with their own troupe, including Paul and other family members performing on tightropes. Paul also performed in the character of Harlequin. Following Philippe's death, Julien remained in the United States.
Julien's sons Paul and Alfred (27 December 1854 – 17 August 1924) travelled to England in 1876. Paul made in his London debut in a performance of The Magic Flute at the Princess's Theatre, and his first music hall appearance in February 1877 as a member of a comedy ballet troupe. With Alfred, he then formed his own pantomime company. Over the next thirty years, he became "one of music hall's biggest attractions", and presented a series of "lurid mime melodramas" often with his brother. The sketches included "Robert Macaire", "The Duel in the Snow", and "The Remorse". He also performed realistic ape impressions, with the critic G.F. Scotson-Clark describing him in 1899 as "the finest pantomimist of his day... His work at best rises above mere agility. He is magnetic and versatile....".
Paul Martinetti remained in England. He became a leading member of the variety profession, and was 'King Rat' in the Grand Order of Water Rats in 1899. In 1910, he and his wife were neighbours and friends of Dr. Crippen, and attended a dinner given by Crippen and his wife, Belle Elmore, on the evening when she was killed. Martinetti became an important witness at his trial for murder. In 1914, he gave up his American citizenship and became a British national.
After relocating to Algiers on health grounds, he died in a hotel there in 1924 at the age of 78.
# Masterpiece (Lichtenstein)

Masterpiece is a pop art painting by Roy Lichtenstein, from 1962, that uses his classic Ben-Day dots and narrative content contained within a speech balloon. In 2017, the painting sold for $165 million.

## Background

According to the Lichtenstein Foundation website, Masterpiece was part of Lichtenstein's first exhibition at Ferus Gallery in Los Angeles from April 1 – April 27, 1963, featuring Drowning Girl, Portrait of Madame Cézanne and other works from 1962 and 1963. When discussing another work (I Know...Brad), Lichtenstein stated that the name Brad sounded heroic to him and was used with the aim of clichéd oversimplification. Drowning Girl is another notable work with Brad as the heroic subject.
The source of this image was a comic book panel with the two subjects positioned similarly to their position here, but they were situated in an automobile. In the source image the narrative content of the speech balloon said "But someday the bitterness will pass..."
Masterpiece was part of the largest ever retrospective of Lichtenstein, which visited The Art Institute of Chicago from May 16 to September 3, 2012, the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C., from October 14, 2012, to January 13, 2013, the Tate Modern in London from February 21 to May 27, 2013, and The Centre Pompidou from July 3 to November 4, 2013. Several publications presented Masterpiece as part of their announcement of the retrospective.
In January 2017, Agnes Gund sold the 1962 painting Masterpiece, which for years hung over the mantle of her Upper East Side apartment, for $165 million. The proceeds of the sale were used to inaugurate the Art for Justice Fund, a fund for criminal justice reform. The price was one of the fifteen highest ever to be paid for an artwork. The purchaser was Steven A. Cohen.

## Critical response

Masterpiece is regarded as a tongue-in-cheek joke that reflects upon Lichtenstein's own career. In retrospect, the joke is considered "witty and yet eerily prescient" because it portended some of the future turmoil that the artist would endure. In the painting, the blonde woman's speech bubble, "Why, Brad darling, This painting is a masterpiece! My, soon you'll have all of New York clamoring for your work!" conveys her remark as she gazes at the painting, of which a corner of the back is shown. Silent Brad conveys his agreement by his facial expression. Adrian Searle of The Guardian says that the 1962 work, whose narrative and graphical content were both borrowed, was timely because Lichtenstein had his first exhibition in New York City at Leo Castelli Gallery that year, making the painting aspirational in an ironic way that comments on success and "the socio-sexual status of the hot young artist". The satirical commentary on Lichtenstein's career, followed the inside joke made the year before in Mr. Bellamy. According to Roberta Smith of The New York Times, Masterpiece was one of Lichtenstein's works created in a way that produced "faint and uneven" Ben Day dots.
# 1959 Cypriot presidential election

Presidential elections were held in Cyprus for the first time on 13 December 1959. Only two candidates contested the election; Makarios III, who was backed by EOKA, and Ioannis Clerides, a member of the Democratic Union who was also supported by AKEL. The result was a victory for Makarios III, who received 67% of the vote, although he did not take office until 16 August 1960. Voter turnout was 91.2%.
A separate election for Vice President of Cyprus took place. Fazıl Küçük was the only candidate, and was elected unopposed.

## Electoral system

The elections were held using a two-round system; if no candidate received over 50% of the vote in the first round, a second round was to be held between the top two candidates. The constitution required the President of Cyprus to be a Greek Cypriot and the Vice-President to be a Turkish Cypriot. Greek Cypriots elected the President and Turkish Cypriots elected the Vice-President.

## Results

| Candidate | Votes | % |
| Makarios III | 144,501 | 66.82 |
| Ioannis Clerides | 71,753 | 33.18 |
| Total | 216,254 | 100.00 |
| Valid votes | 216,254 | 99.22 |
| Invalid/blank votes | 1,702 | 0.78 |
| Total votes | 217,956 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | 238,879 | 91.24 |
| Source: Nohlen & Stöver |||
# Neardonaea

Neardonaea is a genus of moths in the subfamily Arctiinae. It contains the single species Neardonaea metallica, which is found in Venezuela.
# Dahlia Malkhi

Dahlia Malkhi (Hebrew: דליה מלחי) is an Israeli-American computer scientist, who works on distributed systems and cryptocurrency.

## Education and career

Malkhi earned her bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, finishing her Ph.D. under the supervision of Danny Dolev. She taught at the Hebrew University until 2004, and then joined Microsoft Research at their Silicon Valley research center. In 2014, when Microsoft closed the center, she moved to VMware, a company working in cloud computing and platform virtualization.
She became a lead researcher at Novi Financial, a subsidiary of Meta Platforms (Facebook), and the lead maintainer of Meta's Libra cryptocurrency project. Libra later became Diem and Malkhi became chief technology officer at the Diem Association. In 2022, the Diem project shut down, and she moved to Chainlink Labs as their chief research officer. As of 2023, she joined the University of California, Santa Barbara, as a professor of computer science; and remains a chief scientist at Chainlink Labs and an advisor to various industries.

## Recognition

In 2011, Malkhi became a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery "for contributions to fault-tolerant distributed computing." In 2021, she received the Technical Achievement Award of the IEEE Computer Society Technical Committee on Distributed Processing.

## Selected publications

* Malkhi, Dahlia; Reiter, Michael (1998), "Byzantine quorum systems", Distributed Computing, 11 (4): 203–213, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.210.325, doi:10.1007/s004460050050, S2CID 812968. Preliminary version in ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, STOC '97, doi:10.1145/258533.258650.
* Malkhi, Dahlia; Naor, Moni; Ratajczak, David (2002), "Viceroy: A scalable and dynamic emulation of the butterfly", Proceedings of the Twenty-First Annual Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing (PODC '02), New York, NY, USA: ACM, pp. 183–192, doi:10.1145/571825.571857, ISBN 978-1-58113-485-8, S2CID 825856.
* Malkhi, Dahlia; Nisan, Noam; Pinkas, Benny; Sella, Yaron (2004), "Fairplay – a secure two-party computation system", Proceedings of the 13th USENIX Security Symposium (Sec. '04), Berkeley, CA, USA: USENIX Association.
# Minor Earth Major Sky

Minor Earth Major Sky (stylised as minor earth | major sky) is the sixth studio album by Norwegian band A-ha, released on 14 April 2000 by WEA.

## Background and release

Following the release of a-ha's fifth studio album, Memorial Beach (1993), the band decided to go on a hiatus. In 1998, the band was invited to perform at the Nobel Peace Prize Concert. Paul Waaktaar-Savoy had written "Summer Moved On" especially for this performance. They also performed "The Sun Always Shines on T.V.". This performance was a-ha's comeback into the world of music and the band decided to return to the studio.
Almost the entire album was remixed by producer Niven Garland at the record company's insistence to make it more radio-friendly for the band's German market.
"Summer Moved On", "Minor Earth Major Sky" and "Velvet" were commercially released as singles. "I Wish I Cared" was an Internet download single, accompanied by an Internet-only music video—one of the first of its kind.
The aircraft cockpit on the cover art is from a Boeing 707.
Backing vocals for the track "Velvet" were provided by Simone Larsen of Norwegian band D-Sound.

## Reception
### Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | link |
| The Encyclopedia of Popular Music | |
| Musicfolio | link |

### Commercial performance

Minor Earth Major Sky debuted at number one on the Norwegian Albums Chart, and became the band's first number one album in Germany. The album peaked at number 27 on the UK Albums Chart, but was not released in the U.S. This album was certified platinum in Norway and Germany and gold in Austria, Spain and Switzerland.
# Arboretum of Craonne

49°26′24″N 3°47′10″E﻿ / ﻿49.44°N 3.786°E﻿ / 49.44; 3.786
The Arboretum of Craonne (French Arboretum de Craonne) is a 7-hectare arboretum located near Craonne, Aisne, Picardy, France. The arboretum was planted on the site of the former village of Craonne, totally devastated between April and May 1917 by French artillery during the First World War, and serves as the village's memorial. Its cratered landscape is a reminder of the war's extreme destruction. Today the arboretum contains 57 varieties of trees, together with signs displaying maps and photographs of the former village. It is open every day without an entry fee.
# Ryusuke Senoo

Ryusuke Senoo (妹尾 隆佑, Senoo Ryusuke, born February 20, 1986) is a former Japanese football player.

## Club statistics

| Club performance | Club performance | Club performance | League | League | Cup | Cup | Total | Total |
| Season | Club | League | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Japan | Japan | Japan | League | League | Emperor's Cup | Emperor's Cup | Total | Total |
| 2008 | Fagiano Okayama | Football League | 32 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 34 | 3 |
| 2009 | Fagiano Okayama | J2 League | 42 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 43 | 3 |
| 2010 | Fagiano Okayama | J2 League | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 1 |
| 2011 | Fagiano Okayama | J2 League | | | | | | |
| Country | Japan | Japan | 83 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 86 | 7 |
| Total | Total | Total | 83 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 86 | 7 |