OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Province of Prussia

The Province of Prussia (German: Provinz Preußen; Lithuanian: Prūsijos provincija; Polish: Prowincja Prusy; Kashubian: Prowincjô Prësë) was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1824 to 1878. The province was established in 1824 from the provinces of East Prussia and West Prussia, and was dissolved in 1878 when the merger was reversed.
Königsberg (present-day Kaliningrad, Russia) was the provincial capital.

## History

Ducal Prussia became part of Brandenburg-Prussia in 1618, and became the Kingdom of Prussia upon Frederick I of Prussia's coronation as king in 1701. After the coronation, the term "Province of Prussia" was used to designate East Prussia to differentiate the former duchy's territory within the larger kingdom. Royal Prussia (consisting of the Malbork Land and Warmia which were parts of historical Prussia, but also of historically Polish Pomerelia) was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia from the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1772 during the First Partition of Poland, placing them under Prussian rule under the name West Prussia, with the exception of Warmia integrated into East Prussia.
The Province of Prussia was created on 13 April 1824 as the easternmost province of the Kingdom of Prussia. The province was formed in a merger with the pre-existing provinces of East Prussia and West Prussia joined together in a personal union and, from 3 December 1829, in a real union. Its territory included the entire historical region of Prussia, from which the province and the kingdom derived their names, as well as Pomerelia and (following the Congress of Vienna) parts of Greater Poland. On 1 April 1878 the Province of Prussia was divided back into the provinces of West Prussia and East Prussia.
# 2024 South Dakota Democratic presidential primary

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The 2024 South Dakota Democratic presidential primary took place on June 4, 2024, as part of the Democratic Party primaries for the 2024 presidential election. 20 delegates to the Democratic National Convention will be allocated to presidential candidates.
Incumbent President Joe Biden announced on April 25, 2023, his bid for a second term. Biden won the primary.

## Candidates

Four candidates filed for the Democratic presidential primary ballot before the deadline:
* Joe Biden
* Armando Perez-Serrato
* Dean Phillips (withdrawn)
* Marianne Williamson

## Results

South Dakota Democratic primary, June 4, 2024 :
| Candidate | Votes | Percentage | Actual delegate count | Actual delegate count | Actual delegate count |
| Candidate | Votes | Percentage | Pledged | Unpledged | Total |
| Joe Biden (incumbent) | 13,372 | 74.6% | 16 | | |
| Marianne Williamson | 2,073 | 11.6% | | | |
| Dean Phillips (withdrawn) | 1,723 | 9.6% | | | |
| Armando Perez-Serrato | 763 | 4.3% | | | |
| Total: | 17,931 | 100.0% | 16 | 4 | 20 |
# Clear River (Rhode Island)

41°57′16″N 71°38′46″W﻿ / ﻿41.9545°N 71.6462°W﻿ / 41.9545; -71.6462
The Clear River is a river in the U.S. state of Rhode Island. It flows approximately 10.1 miles (16.3 km). There are five dams along the river's length.

## Course

The river rises from a swamp southeast of Wallum Lake in Burrillville. From there, the river flows roughly east past the villages of Pascoag and Harrisville. At Oakland, the river converges with the Chepachet River to form the Branch River.

## Crossings

Below is a list of all crossings over the Clear River. The list starts at the headwaters and goes downstream.
* Burrillville
** East Wallum Lake Road
** Warner Lane
** Laurel Ridge Avenue
** North Road
** Centennial Street
** Chapel Street (RI 107)
** Railroad Avenue
** Chapel Street (RI 107)
** Hill Road
** Sherman Farm Road (RI 98)
** East Avenue (RI 107)
** Broncos Highway (RI 102)
** Victory Highway
# Bazelat

Bazelat (French pronunciation:; Limousin: Balasac) is a commune in the Creuse department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in central France.

## Geography

A farming area comprising the village and several hamlets situated by the banks of the river Abloux, some 22 miles (35 km) northwest of Guéret, on the D71 road near its junction with the D70. The commune borders the département of Indre.
The river Abloux has its source in the commune.

## Sights

* The church, dating from the twelfth century.
* A restored public washhouse.
# Sturtian glaciation

The Sturtian glaciation was a worldwide glaciation during the Cryogenian Period when the Earth experienced repeated large-scale glaciations. As of January 2023, the Sturtian glaciation is thought to have lasted from c. 717 Ma to c. 660 Ma, a time span of approximately 57 million years. It is hypothesised to have been a Snowball Earth event, or contrastingly multiple regional glaciations, and is the longest and most severe known glacial event preserved in the geologic record after the much earlier Huronian glaciation.

## Etymology of name

Ultimately, current usage of the term is in reference to the globally significant Sturt Formation (originally Sturtian Tillite) within the Adelaide Superbasin of Australia. The Sturt Formation is named after Sturt Gorge, South Australia; itself named after the Sturt River, which was given its name in April 1831 by British Military Officer Captain Collet Barker, after fellow officer and explorer Charles Sturt.
The Sturtian glaciation is an informal, but commonly used name for the older of two worldwide glacial events (the other is known as the Marinoan/Elatina glaciation) preserved in Cryogenian rocks. The term Sturtian was originally defined as a chronostratigraphic unit (Series) and later proposed as an international chronostratigraphic division; however, this has been superseded by international nomenclature. The suggestion of the glacial nature of the Sturt Formation during the early 20th century resulted in discussion about Neoproterozoic glaciations (thought to be Cambrian at the time) and encouraged the research that eventually resulted in the Snowball Earth hypothesis.

## Geology

Rocks preserving evidence for the Sturtian Glaciation are found on every continent. Notable sections are found in Australia, Canada, China, Ethiopia, Namibia, Siberia, and Svalbard.
According to Eyles and Young, "Glaciogenic rocks figure prominently in the Neoproterozoic stratigraphy of southeastern Australia and the northern Canadian Cordillera. The Sturtian glaciogenic succession (c. 740 Ma) unconformably overlies rocks of the Burra Group." The Sturtian succession includes two major diamictite-mudstone sequences which represent glacial advance and retreat cycles. It is stratigraphically correlated with the Rapitan Group of North America.
Reusch's Moraine in northern Norway may have been deposited during this period.
In 2024 researchers at the University of Adelaide and University of Sydney, using a combination of known geological formations from the Cryogenian Period and plate tectonic modelling, using EarthByte computer models, proposed the low temperature was the result of low levels of CO$_2$ degassing along mid-ocean ridges, the result of the break-up of the supercontinent Rodinia.
The duration of the ice sheet advance at the start of the Sturtian glaciation lasted for less than a million years.

## Effects on life

In the aftermath of the Sturtian glaciation, biomarkers and body fossils indicate an increase in biological complexity.
# Andrey Doroshenko

Andrey Nikolaevich Doroshenko (Russian: Андрей Николаевич Дорошенко; born 10 March 1977, Armavir, Krasnodar Krai) is a Russian political figure and a deputy of the 8th State Duma. From 2010 to 2012, Andrey Doroshenko was a deputy of the Armavir City Duma. From 2012 to 2021, he was a deputy of the Legislative Assembly of Krasnodar Krai of the 5th and 6th convocations.
Since 2021, he has served as a deputy of the 8th State Duma from the Armavir constituency in Krasnodar Krai.

## Sanctions

He was sanctioned by the UK government in 2022 in relation to the Russo-Ukrainian War.
# 2024 U.S. Virgin Islands Democratic presidential caucuses

The 2024 U.S. Virgin Islands Democratic presidential caucuses was held on June 8, 2024, as part of the Democratic Party primaries for the 2024 presidential election. 13 delegates to the Democratic National Convention were allocated to presidential candidates.
Incumbent President Joe Biden announced on April 25, 2023, his bid for a second term.
This was the last contest to take place during the 2024 Democratic primaries. This was the third primary or caucus for the Democratic nomination to feature one candidate since the Alaska caucuses and Indiana primary.

## Results

United States Virgin Islands Democratic primary, June 8, 2024 :
| Candidate | Votes | Percentage | Actual delegate count | Actual delegate count | Actual delegate count |
| Candidate | Votes | Percentage | Pledged | Unpledged | Total |
| Joe Biden (incumbent) | 467 | 100.0% | 7 | | 7 |
| Uncommitted | 0 | 0.0% | | | |
| Marianne Williamson | 0 | 0.0% | | | |
| Total: | 467 | 100.0% | 7 | 6 | 13 |
# Category mistake

A category mistake (or category error, categorical mistake, or mistake of category) is a semantic or ontological error in which things belonging to a particular category are presented as if they belong to a different category, or, alternatively, a property is ascribed to a thing that could not possibly have that property. An example is a person learning that the game of cricket involves team spirit, and after being given a demonstration of each player's role, asking which player performs the "team spirit".

## History

Al Martinich claims that the philosopher Thomas Hobbes was the first to discuss a propensity among philosophers mistakenly to combine words taken from different and incompatible categories.
The term "category-mistake" was introduced by Gilbert Ryle in his book The Concept of Mind (1949) to remove what he argued to be a confusion over the nature of mind born from Cartesian metaphysics. Ryle argues that it is a mistake to treat the mind as an object made of an immaterial substance because predications of substance are not meaningful for a collection of dispositions and capacities.
The phrase is introduced in the first chapter. The first example is of a visitor to Oxford. The visitor, upon viewing the colleges and library, reportedly inquires, "But where is the University?" The visitor's mistake is presuming that a University is part of the category "units of physical infrastructure", rather than that of an "institution". In his second example, a child witnesses the march-past of a division of soldiers. After having had battalions, batteries, squadrons, etc. pointed out, the child asks when the division is going to appear. He is told that "the march-past was not a parade of battalions, batteries, squadrons and a division; it was a parade of the battalions, batteries and squadrons of a division" (Ryle's italics). His third example is of a foreigner being shown a cricket match. After being pointed out batsmen, bowlers and fielders, the foreigner asks: "who is left to contribute the famous element of team-spirit?" He goes on to argue that the Cartesian dualism of mind and body rests on a category mistake.

## Application

Massimo Pigliucci, Professor of Philosophy at the City University of New York, argues that the "hard problem of consciousness", as expressed by David Chalmers and others, rests on a category mistake, in that explaining "experience" is being incorrectly treated as different from explaining the underlying biological processes which generate experience.
# Woods College of Advancing Studies

The Woods College of Advancing Studies is one of the eight constituent colleges and schools of Boston College. It offers flexible undergraduate, graduate, and certificate programs, as well as non-degree coursework, for non-traditional students.

## History

Founded in 1929, Woods College's roots can be traced back to the establishment of Boston College Law School in the late 1920s. A "Downtown Center," which later became known as the Junior College in downtown Boston, was formed as a collaboration between the law school and Graduate School as a way to provide educational opportunities for those with only a high school diploma or the less than two years of college coursework needed to enter the law school. A special program of study was offered in the late afternoon and evening in such courses as English, accounting, economics, public speaking, modern languages, psychology, ethics, government, and sociology. Another evening program, which offered the equivalent of a four-year college course leading to a Bachelor of Arts (A.B.) degree, became known as the Extension School under the direction of the Graduate School. In September 1935, the two program merged in new quarters at 126 Newbury Street in Boston, where it became known as Intown College and later in the late 1950s, the Evening College.
In 1996, the college's name was changed from the Evening College to the College of Advancing Studies to reflect its evolving mission and expanded academic program that included both bachelor's and master's degrees.
In May 2002, the College of Advancing Studies was renamed, through a private donation with naming rights, by University trustee and businessman Robert M. Devlin and his wife Katharine B., in honor of its dean, James A. Woods, S.J., who had served since 1968 as the University's longest-ever serving dean.

## Notable alumni

* Marty Walsh, BA '09, Secretary of Labor.
# Martinaire

Martinaire Aviation, L.L.C. is an American cargo airline based on the grounds of Addison Airport in Addison, Texas, United States, near Dallas. It operates feeder flights for overnight package delivery services, most notably on behalf of UPS. It is owned by Xwing.

## History

The airline was established and started operations in 1978 and acquired the freight operations of CCAir on 2 January 1990. It was in turn bought by a group of investors led by The Acker Group in December 1993. In 2005, Martinaire acquired fellow package carrier Mid Atlantic Aviation. In 2006, Martinaire acquired Superior Aviation of Lansing, Michigan. In 2011, Martinaire began acquiring Beechcraft 1900 aircraft to replace the Fairchild Metroliner, a move completed by mid-2012. The Beech 1900 aircraft were later removed and sold to Alpine Air. As of January 2013, Martinaire is the second-largest single feeder carrier in the country.
The company was acquired by autonomous aircraft company Xwing in 2022.

## Fleet

The Martinaire fleet consists of the following aircraft (as of April 2009):
* 29 Cessna 208B Super Cargomaster
# June 2024 Sevastopol missile attack

On 23 June 2024, fragments from a US-provided Ukrainian ATACMS missile that was shot down by a Russian anti-air system fell over a beach in Sevastopol, Crimea. According to Russian authorities, the attack killed four or five people and injured around 151 others.

## Attack

According to the Russian Ministry of Defence, four ATACMS rockets, which were provided to Ukraine by the United States, were intercepted over Sevastopol, while the fragments of the fifth missile fell on the beach, killing four or five civilians, including two or three children, and injuring 151 others.
Eyewitnesses reported that air raid sirens were not active during the attack. Video taken at the beach where the missile fragments fell showed people running from falling debris, while some were being carried away on sunloungers.

## Responsibility

According to ISW, the Russian Ministry of Defence "acknowledged that a Russian air defense interceptor caused the Ukrainian missile to deviate from its flight path and detonate in Sevastopol." "... the civilian casualties in Crimea resulted from Russia's interception of an incoming ATACMS missile rather than a deliberate Ukrainian targeting decision." Reuters reported that, according to an US official, the ATACMS missile was targeting a Russian missile launcher. Per OSINT researchers, the air defence launcher which was presumably targeting the ATACMS was set up on another Sevastopol beach near Radiogorka.

## Reactions

The Russian Ministry of Defence accused the United States of being directly responsible for the attack, stating "All flight missions for the American ATACMS operational-tactical missiles are entered by American specialists based on U.S.’ own satellite reconnaissance data.”
Kremlin Press Secretary Dmitry Peskov told reporters that the "involvement of the United States, the direct involvement, as a result of which Russian civilians are killed, cannot be without consequences."
# Clover Creek (Bruneau River tributary)

Clover Creek (previously East Fork Bruneau River) is a 55-mile (89 km) long tributary of the Bruneau River in the U.S. state of Idaho. Beginning at an elevation of 5,229 feet (1,594 m) in southeastern Owyhee County, it flows generally northwest through East Fork Bruneau Canyon to its mouth in the Bruneau – Jarbidge Rivers Wilderness, at an elevation of 3,218 feet (980.8 m).
# List of monuments and memorials in Taganrog

This is a list of monuments and memorials in Taganrog. Taganrog, on the Black Sea in the Kuban area, Rostov Oblast, of Russia is of high historical importance relative to its small size, and relatedly has unusual memorials. The city was founded, like St. Petersburg later, to provide Russia with a seaport.

## Peter I monument

Peter I Monument in Taganrog

## Alexander I monument

Only significant monument in Russia to Alexander I, emperor of Russia from 1801 to 1825.

## Checkhov monument

Checkhov was born in Taganrog. Chekhov Monument in Taganrog.

## Garibaldi monument

Garibaldi sojourned here.
# Henry Milling

Lieutenant Colonel Henry Milling (died 30 December 1822) was a British Army officer who fought in the Napoleonic Wars.

## Biography

Milling was commissioned a lieutenant in the 81st Regiment of Foot in 1801. He served with them in the Peninsular War and was severely wounded at the Battle of Corunna (16 January 1809).
In 1815 Milling was present on the Waterloo Campaign with the 2/81st Foot, but did not fight at the Battle of Waterloo, instead the 2/81st Foot remind on garrison duty in Brussels guarding the British Army's pay chest.
On 18 August 1819 Milling was promoted to lieutenant colonel. In 1822 Milling, from 81st Foot, was gazetted to the 93rd Foot, but retired a few months afterwards without having joined his new regiment. He died on 30 December 1822.

## Family

Henry Milling was the brother of John Milling, of Shanlis, Ardee, County Louth.
# Our Croatia

Our Croatia (Croatian: Naša Hrvatska) is a Croatian political alliance that was created on 7 October 2023, initially by the Social Democrats and the Croatian Peasant Party. It has been described as centre-left.
At the time of its founding, Davorko Vidović pointed out that the goal of the alliance is to prevent emigration from Croatia, and in its activities, they emphasize the fight against corruption. The slogan "Seriously for Croatia" was chosen because of Vidović's belief that Croatia "needs responsibility and seriousness more than ever."
The Croatian Peasant Party (HSS), one of the founding parties, left the alliance to join the Rivers of Justice coalition in March 2024.

## Members

| Party | Abbr. | Ideology | Leader | Seats |
| Social Democrats | SD | Social democracy Progressivism | Davorko Vidović | 0 / 151 |
| Croatian Labourists – Labour Party | HL–SR | Social democracy Labourism | David Bregovac | 0 / 151 |
| Democrats | D | Social democracy Social liberalism | Ivan Lukež | 0 / 151 |

### Associate parties

| Party | Abbr. | Ideology | Leader | Seats |
| Istrian Democratic Assembly | IDS | Istrian regionalism Liberalism | Dalibor Paus | 2 / 151 |
| Alliance of Primorje-Gorski Kotar | PGS | Regionalism Liberalism | Darijo Vasilić | 0 / 151 |
| Independent Platform of the North | NPS | Regionalism | Matija Posavec | 2 / 151 |
Davorko Vidović said that the alliance is also open to the membership of prominent individuals and other political parties of the center and left of the center.
On the 27th March 2024 the Our Croatia alliance signed a treaty of cooperation with three regional parties IDS, PGS and Independent Platform of the North.
# Sofyank

Muhammad Sofian bin Abdullah (born November 30, 1996), better known as Sofyank, is a Malaysian social media personality and digital content creator. He is known for producing edited videos with special effects.
Sofyank was listed as one of the top 5 influencers in the Anugerah MeleTOP Era 2020 for the category Influencer Meletop Syok.
# Kirk Springs

Kirk Edward Springs (born August 16, 1958) is an American former professional football player who was a safety for five seasons with the New York Jets of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Miami RedHawks.
Springs' most memorable NFL play came in a Monday Night Football contest at New Orleans on November 21, 1983, when he returned a Russell Erxleben punt 76 yards for a touchdown with less than four minutes remaining to lift the Jets to a 31–28 victory over the New Orleans Saints. The Jets scored 17 unanswered points in the fourth quarter to deny the Saints their first MNF victory. The loss eventually cost the Saints their first winning season and playoff berth, as New Orleans finished 8–8 under Bum Phillips.