OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Daniel Vivian (actor)

Daniel Vivian (born 1963) is an actor of Bosnian origin.

## Biography
### Early life and career

Daniel Vivian was born in Bosnia and is of Serbian descent and later moved to the United Kingdom. He began acting with Bosnian film director Pjer Zalica in experimental short films. He later appeared in a one-man show which he took to the Edinburgh Fringe Festival.

### Screen and stage work

His debut was as one of the Russian thugs in John Landis' Blues Brothers 2000, followed by X-Men. His first American TV appearance was in CBS' Falcone as an Ahmed Alia. He was cast as Vinnie, the brutal mercenary, in cult film War Games: At the End of the Day by Cosimo Alemà, shot on location in Italy. Then, he played Dragan Ilic in Zombie Massacre, a horror film based on the video game, followed by his debut on Italian TV in Un passo dal cielo, as guest star, playing the Russian mastermind Nikolaj Yelisev. Vivian co-produced an indie feature film called Evidence of Existence, playing a thoughtful mobster, Manon. In 2013 he narrated the documentary Smash & Grab by award winning British director Havana Marking. In the following year he appeared in two feature films: The Perfect Husband and Morning Star. He has worked with director Gabriele Salvatores twice; first in Il ragazzo invisibile-Seconda generazione and then in Volare. In Paolo Sorrentino's The Young Pope and The New Pope, he plays Domen, the Pope's butler.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1998 | The Blues Brothers 2000 | Russian thug | Directed by John Landis |
| 2000 | X-Men | Canadian | Directed by Bryan Singer |
| 2011 | War Games: At the End of the Day | Vinnie | Directed by Cosimo Alemà |
| 2012 | The Seasoning House | Radovan | Directed by Paul Hyett |
| 2012 | Zombie Massacre | Dragan Ilic | Directed by Luca Boni, Marco Ristori. |
| 2012 | Evidence of Existence | Manon | Directed by Adam El-Sharawy |
| 2013 | Smash & Grab | Mr. Green | Directed by Havana Marking |
| 2014 | Morning Star | Companion | Directed by Luca Boni, Marco Ristori |
| 2014 | The Perfect Husband | Gypsy | Directed by Lucas Pavetto |
| 2016 | The Young Pope | Domen | Directed by Paolo Sorrentino |
| 2017 | The Music of Silence | Uomo Russo | Directed by Michael Radford |
| 2017 | Stan Lee's Lucky Man | Idriz Lazami | Directed by Philip John |
| 2017–2018 | Holby City | Lazlo Furz/Patient Zero | Directed by Paulette Randall, Michael Lacey, Jan Bauer |
| 2018 | The Invisible Boy: Second Generation | Lobanowski | Directed by Gabriele Salvatores |
| 2019 | Volare | Dragan | Directed by Gabriele Salvatores |
| 2020 | The New Pope | Domen | Directed by Paolo Sorrentino |
# Riley Melanson

Riley Melanson (born May 19, 1999) is a Canadian kayaker.

## Career

In September 2023, was named to Canada's 2023 Pan American Games team. At the 2023 Pan American Games, Melanson won silver as part of the Women's K-4 500 metres event. In June 2024, Melanson was named to Canada's Olympic team.
# Kim Kyong-ok

Kim Kyong-ok (Korean: 김경옥, 1930/1931 – 11 January 2024) was a North Korean politician and four-star army general in the Korean People's Army. He was a member of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea, first deputy director of the Organization and Guidance Department, and served as member of the Supreme People's Assembly.

## Biography

In 2008, he was appointed first vice-chairman of the Central Committee. Pursuant to the provisions of the 3rd Conference of the Workers' Party of Korea, on 28 September 2010, Kim Kyong-ok was appointed a member of the Central Military Commission of the WPK, and also sat in the Central Committee for the first time. He was also promoted to a four-star general in September 2010 and was a general by appointment only, having no formal military experience. In addition, he was the first deputy director of the Organization and Guidance Department at the Central Committee. He took this position in 2008. In the OGD, Kim was in charge of security for the Supreme Leader, thus he oversees activities of the Guards Command and the WPK Military Security Command.
Member of the Supreme People's Assembly, North Korea's unicameral parliament, from the 10th convocation.
After the death of Kim Jong Il in December 2011, Kim Kyong-ok was in 56th place in the 232-person Funeral Committee. In 2013 he was member of the funeral committee of Kim Kuk-thae. In 2015 he was ranked 36 in the funeral committee of Kim Yang-gon. In February 2012 he was awarded the Order of Kim Jong Il.
General Kim was sanctioned by the United States in 2016 and the United Nations in 2017 for human rights abuses.
Kim died on 11 January 2024, at the age of 93.
# Erin Rafuse

Erin Rafuse (born December 2, 1988, in Halifax, Nova Scotia) is a Canadian sailor. Along with partner Danielle Boyd, Rafuse finished in sixth place at the 2015 Pan American Games. Rafuse and Boyd also qualified to compete at the 2016 Summer Olympics in the 49erFX, finishing 16th.
# Raffaele Pelligra

Raffaele Pelligra (6 December 1888 – 22 September 1971) was an Italian general during World War II. He was brother of General Salvatore Pelligra. After the war he was commander-general of the Guardia di Finanza from 1947 to 1953.

## Biography

He was born in Comiso, Sicily, on 6 December 1888, and in 1908 he entered the Royal Military Academy of Infantry and Cavalry of Modena, from which he graduated with the rank of cavalry second lieutenant on 19 September 1909, initially assigned to the "Cavalleggeri di Lodi" Regiment and then to the 29th "Cavalleggeri di Udine" Regiment in Nola. He participated in the First Italo-Senussi War (where he earned a Silver Medal of Military Valor) with the "Cavalleggeri di Lodi", and then in the Great War as a lieutenant and later captain, initially in command of the 139th Bombard Battery on the Karst plateau, and later as a staff officer in the 49th Division and subsequently the 22nd Division, the 7th Army, the Czechoslovakian Army Corps and the 5th Division, on the Piave river. During the war he earned two Bronze Medals of Military Valor.
After attending the War School, in 1919 he was assigned to the Military Division of Pola and later to the 19th "Cavalleggeri Guide" Regiment in 1924. He was promoted to major in 1926 and given command of a squadron group of the "Cavalleggeri del Monferrato" Regiment; after promotion to lieutenant colonel he was assigned to the command of the Staff Officer Corps and to the Motorized Troops Inspectorate, as head of office. In 1935-1936 he was appointed Chief of Staff of the "Sila" Division and participated in the conquest of Ethiopia (where he received another Bronze Medal). On 1 October 1936 he was promoted to colonel and given command of the 6th Regiment "Lancieri di Aosta" in Naples, which he maintained until 14 April 1939, when he was replaced by Colonel Giovanni Imperiali di Francavilla. Also in April 1939, he participated in the invasion of Albania at the head of an ad-hoc cavalry regiment.
On 1 January 1940 he was promoted to brigadier general and appointed quartermaster-general of the 2nd Army, deployed on the border with Yugoslavia. In February 1942 he assumed command of the 13th Infantry Division "Re" in Croatia, replacing General Ottorino Battista Dabbeni, and was promoted to the rank of Major General on 19 October. He was later included by Yugoslavia in a CROWCASS list of Italian personnel wanted for war crimes. On 12 July 1943 he was appointed Chief of Staff of the 7th Army in Potenza, replacing General Furio Monticelli. After the armistice of Cassibile he became director general of the commissariat and administrative services of the Ministry of War. After the end of the war and promotion to lieutenant general, he became the 13th Commander-General of the Guardia di Finanza on 15 July 1947, a post he held until 3 February 1952, when he was retired due to reaching the age limits.
# UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships – Women's under-23 race

The UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships – Women's Under-23 Cyclo-cross is the annual world championship in the discipline of cyclo-cross for women aged 23 or under, organised by the world governing body, the Union Cycliste Internationale. The event was first run in 2016. The winner has the right to wear the rainbow jersey for a full year when competing in Under-23 cyclo-cross events.

## Palmarès

| Year | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| 2016 | Evie Richards (GBR) | Nikola Nosková (CZE) | Maud Kaptheijns (NED) |
| 2017 | Annemarie Worst (NED) | Ellen Noble (USA) | Evie Richards (GBR) |
| 2018 | Evie Richards (GBR) | Ceylin del Carmen Alvarado (NED) | Nadja Heigl (AUT) |
| 2019 | Inge van der Heijden (NED) | Fleur Nagengast (NED) | Ceylin del Carmen Alvarado (NED) |
| 2020 | Marion Norbert-Riberolle (FRA) | Blanka Vas (HUN) | Anna Kay (GBR) |
| 2021 | Fem van Empel (NED) | Anniek van Alphen (NED) | Blanka Vas (HUN) |
| 2022 | Puck Pieterse (NED) | Shirin van Anrooij (NED) | Fem van Empel (NED) |
| 2023 | Shirin van Anrooij (NED) | Zoe Bäckstedt (GBR) | Kristýna Zemanová (CZE) |
| 2024 | Zoe Bäckstedt (GBR) | Kristýna Zemanová (CZE) | Leonie Bentveld (NED) |
| 2025 | Zoe Bäckstedt (GBR) | Marie Schreiber (LUX) | Leonie Bentveld (NED) |

## Medal count by country

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Netherlands (NED) | 5 | 4 | 5 | 14 |
| 2 | Great Britain (GBR) | 4 | 1 | 2 | 7 |
| 3 | France (FRA) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 4 | Czech Republic (CZE) | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| 5 | Hungary (HUN) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 6 | Luxembourg (LUX) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 6 | United States (USA) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 8 | Austria (AUT) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (8 entries) | Totals (8 entries) | 10 | 10 | 10 | 30 |
# Art Cohn

Art Cohn (April 5, 1909 – March 22, 1958) was an American sportswriter, screenwriter and author. Cohn and Hollywood producer Mike Todd died in a plane crash in New Mexico in 1958.

## Career
### Sportswriter

Cohn was born in New York City. Early in his career he wrote for the Long Beach Press-Telegram. From 1936 to 1943, he was a sportswriter and sports editor for the Oakland Tribune, which published his sports column Cohn-ing Tower (wordplay on "conning tower"). He worked as a press correspondent during World War II. In January 1958, after being away from newspaper work for 14 years, Cohn joined The San Francisco Examiner; in his first column there, he wrote, "Things seem to happen where I happen to be."
Cohn was a controversial opinion writer of the time; he "afflicted the sports world with hard questions about racial equality long before the civil rights movement." He was also a boxing fan.

### Screenwriter

Cohn was a Hollywood screenwriter on many movies, including:
* The Set-Up (1949)
* Stromboli (1950)
* The Tall Target (1951)
* Tomorrow Is Another Day (1951)
* Carbine Williams (1952)
* Glory Alley (1952)
* Red Skies of Montana (1952)
* Fatal Desire (1953)
* The Girl Who Had Everything (1953)
* Tennessee Champ (1954)
* Men of the Fighting Lady (1954)
* Ten Thousand Bedrooms (1957)
* Seven Hills of Rome (1958)
He also wrote teleplays for unsold television pilots Plane for Hire in 1957 and The Celeste Holm Show in 1958.

### Author

Cohn was the author of the Joe E. Lewis biography The Joker Is Wild, published by Random House in 1955, on which the movie The Joker Is Wild (1957) was based. At the time of his death, Cohn was writing a biography of Mike Todd, The Nine Lives of Michael Todd, which was finished by Cohn's wife and released by Random House in 1958.

## Death

Cohn died on March 22, 1958, in the same plane crash that killed Broadway theatre and Hollywood film producer Mike Todd, pilot Bill Verner and co-pilot Tom Barclay. The twin-engine, 12-passenger Lockheed Lodestar crashed in bad weather in the Zuni Mountains near Grants, New Mexico. Ironically, Todd had named the plane The Lucky Liz after wife Elizabeth Taylor. Cohn, a resident of Beverly Hills, was survived by his wife, Marta, and his two sons, Ian and Ted.

## Works

* Cohn, Art (1955). The Joker is Wild: The Story of Joe E. Lewis. Random House. ASIN B0007DEU8S.
* Cohn, Art (1959). The Nine Lives of Michael Todd. Pocket Books. ASIN B001Q6TNF0.
# Uridine diphosphate galactose

Uridine diphosphate galactose (UDP-galactose) is an intermediate in the production of polysaccharides. It is important in nucleotide sugars metabolism, and is the substrate for the transferase B4GALT5.

## Sugar metabolism

Uridine diphosphate (UDP)-galactose is relevant in glycolysis. UDP-galactose is the activated form of Gal, a crucial monosaccharide building block for human milk oligosaccharide (HMO). The activated form of galactose (Gal) serves as a donor molecule involved in catalyzing the conversion of UDP-galactose to UDP-glucose. The conversion is a rate-limiting step essential to the pace of UDP-glucose production that determines the completion of glycosylation reactions.
To further explain, UDP-galactose is derived from a galactose molecule which is an epimer of glucose, and via the Leloir pathway, it is used be used as a precursor for the metabolism of glucose into pyruvate. When lactose is hydrolyzed, D-Galactose enters the liver via the bloodstream. There, galactokinase phosphorylates it to galactose-1-phosphate using ATP. This compound then engages in a "ping-pong" reaction with UDP-glucose, catalyzed by uridylyltransferase, yielding glucose-1-phosphate and UDP-galactose. This glucose-1-phosphate feeds into glycolysis, while UDP-galactose undergoes epimerization to regenerate UDP-glucose.
# Garcia d'Ávila Tower House

The Tower House of Garcia d'Avila (Portuguese: Casa da Torre de Garcia d'Ávila), also known as the Castelo de Garcia d'Ávila, Forte de Garcia d'Ávila, is a 17th-century building complex in Mata de São João, Bahia, Brazil. It was constructed in the present-day settlement of Praia do Forte, 1,200 metres (3,900 ft) from a small natural harbor on the Atlantic coast. Tomé de Sousa (1503-1579), the first governor-general of Brazil, appointed his son Garcia de Sousa d'Ávila (1528-1609) to build a fortress on the Bahia coast. The castle sits on a hill with a good view of the Atlantic Ocean; the castle, as well as the village of Tatuapara, served as an advanced point of vigilance for Salvador and settlements around the Bay of All Saints. Alerts of the approach of enemy ships were sent from the castle to Salvador via encrypted messages of smoke and torches; they traveled from the castle through a chain of Jesuit villages and other small settlements until they reached Salvador.
Garcia built a complex that included a fortified watchtower, a castle, and a church. The site is now in ruins.

## History

This pioneering in the hinterland, starting from the tower house, gave rise to the figure of the vaqueiro, popularly known as "vaqueiro nordestino", it was through this pioneering taking livestock to the Bahian sertão, that vaqueiros began to look for leather as "armor" to deal with the cattle in the thorny forest.
Casa da Torre was the embryo of a great morgado that began in the captaincy of Bahia in the 16th century and that, for 250 years, expanded over the generations of its lords for more than 400 leagues in the Northeast region of Brazil — a territory that corresponded to twice the captaincy of Piauí — at the cost of wars against the Indians, with their enslavement to work in the sugar cane plantations, in the sugar mills and in the creation of oxen, horses and mules (all these animals were used for transport over short distances and as traction force on the mills). The expansion was also motivated by the search for silver mines, although only saltpeter mines were found. It constitutes the center of an expressive military power in the colonial period. From 1798 onwards, he was involved in the struggles for the Independence of Brazil. Many of its members were awarded titles of nobility by both Pedro I of Brazil and Pedro II of Brazil.

## Protected status

The Garcia d’Ávila Tower House and Chapel of Our Lady of the Conception were listed as a historic structure by the National Institute of Historic and Artistic Heritage in 1938.
# Battle of Rathangan

The Battle of Rathangan was a military engagement between the forces of the British Crown and the United Irishmen during the 1798 rebellion.
On 24 May 1798 a group of rebels from the United Irishmen led by a Captain Doorley attacked the town of Rathangan, County Kildare, which was being defended by a small corps of yeomanry led by Captain James Spencer; the rebels held the town for four days. On 28 May 1798 two squadrons of the 7th Dragoon Guards were sent to re-capture the town. The commanding officer, Lieutenant-Colonel Stephen Mahon, took one squadron into the town while the other waited outside. A pitched battle then took place with heavy losses on both sides.
# 1946 Icelandic parliamentary election

Parliamentary elections were held in Iceland on 30 June 1946. The Independence Party remained the largest party in the Lower House of the Althing, winning 13 of the 35 seats.

## Electoral system

The elections were conducted under rural–urban proportional representation. Twenty-one members were elected in single-member constituencies via first-past-the-post voting, while the remainder were elected using D'Hondt method proportional representation: twelve members in two-member constituencies, eight members in Reykjavík, and eleven from a single national compensatory list. To earn national list seats, a party had to win at least one constituency seat. In constituencies electing two or more members, within the party list, voters had the option to re-rank the candidates and could also strike a candidate out. Allocation of seats to candidates was done using a system based on the Borda count.

## Results

| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats | Seats | Seats | Seats |
| Party | Party | Votes | % | Lower House | +/– | Upper House | +/– |
| | Independence Party | 26,428 | 39.50 | 13 | 0 | 7 | 0 |
| | Progressive Party | 15,429 | 23.06 | 9 | –1 | 4 | –1 |
| | People's Unity Party – Socialist Party | 13,049 | 19.50 | 7 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| | Social Democratic Party | 11,914 | 17.81 | 6 | +1 | 3 | +1 |
| | Independents | 93 | 0.14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 66,913 | 100.00 | 35 | 0 | 17 | 0 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 66,913 | 98.55 | | | | |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 983 | 1.45 | | | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | 67,896 | 100.00 | | | | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 77,670 | 87.42 | | | | |
| Source: Nohlen & Stöver ||||||||
# Mill Menghini

Emilio Menghini (1903 – 31 October 1980) was an Australian sports shooter. He competed in the 300 m rifle event at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London.
# Eduardo Bengoechea

Eduardo Bengoechea (born 2 July 1959) is an Argentine former tennis player born in Córdoba. He achieved a highest career ranking in singles of world No. 21 in September 1987. Bengoechea did not win a singles or doubles title on the ATP tour level but was twice a finalist in doubles. After his playing career he was captain of the Argentinian Davis Cup team in 1996.

## Career finals
### Doubles (2 losses)

| Result | W/L | Date | Tournament | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
| Loss | 0–1 | Mar 1985 | ATP Buenos Aires | Clay | Diego Pérez | Martín Jaite Christian Miniussi | 4–6, 3–6 |
| Loss | 0–2 | Nov 1988 | ATP Buenos Aires | Clay | José Luis Clerc | Carlos Costa Javier Sánchez | 3–6, 6–3, 3–6 |
# Sergey Petrov (politician)

Sergey Valerievich Petrov (Russian: Сергей Валериевич Петров; born 19 April 1965, Volkhov) is a Russian political figure and a deputy of the 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th State Dumas.
From 1989 to 2001, Petrov served in command and engineering positions at the A.F. Mozhaysky Military-Space Academy. In 2002, he co-founded the development company SVP group. In 2008, he started working as the head of the North-West Interregional Coordinating Council of the United Russia. Petrov started his political career in 2007 when he was elected deputy of the 5th State Duma. In 2011, 2016, 2021, he was re-elected as deputy of the 6th, 7th, and 8th State Dumas from the Leningrad Oblast constituency.

## Sanctions

Sanctioned by the UK government in 2022 in relation to Russo-Ukrainian War.

## Awards

* Order of Friendship
# World Logic Day

World Logic Day is an international day proclaimed by UNESCO in association with the International Council for Philosophy and Human Sciences (CIPSH) in November 2019 to be celebrated on 14 January every year. It was first celebrated on 14 January 2019, before the UNESCO declaration. World Logic Day intends to bring the intellectual history, conceptual significance and practical implications of logic to the attention of interdisciplinary science communities and the broader public.

## Date

The date chosen to celebrate World Logic Day, 14 January, corresponds to the date of death of Kurt Gödel and the date of birth of Alfred Tarski, two of the most prominent logicians of the twentieth century.

## Proclamation

The proclamation of World Logic Day was proposed to the UNESCO Executive Board in the middle of 2019. It was discussed and adopted at the 207th session of the UNESCO Executive Board in October 2019 and proposed to the 40th General Conference of UNESCO. On 26 November 2019, the 40th General Conference proclaimed 14 January to be World Logic Day, coordinated by CIPSH.

## Celebrations

The Logica Universalis Association, an informal meta-association promoting logic, promoted the celebration of World Logic Day 2019 by encouraging logicians worldwide to organise independent events on 14 January 2019. The success of this informal first World Logic Day formed part of the deliberations of the 40th UNESCO General Conference in November 2019 which led to the formal proclamation by UNESCO. On the first World Logic Day after the UNESCO proclamation, the Director-General of UNESCO, Audrey Azoulay, issued a statement highlighting the importance of logic:
   In the twenty-first century—indeed, now more than ever—the discipline of logic is a particularly timely one, utterly vital to our societies and economies. Computer science and information and communications technology, for example, are rooted in logical and algorithmic reasoning.
The first two World Logic Days (in 2019 and 2020) were informally organised and consisted of approximately sixty events in about thirty countries. After the second World Logic Day, the coordination of the celebrations was taken over by CIPSH: World Logic Days 2021, 2022, and 2023 had between sixty and eighty events each. In addition to events, World Logic Day 2022 was celebrated with a special puzzle The two tribes of If by Alex Bellos on the Guardian website.