OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Covey T. Oliver

Covey Thomas Oliver (April 21, 1913 – February 22, 2007) was a United States diplomat and law professor.

## Early life and education

Oliver was born in Laredo, Texas on April 21, 1913. His father, Pheneas Covey, was a rancher, and his mother, Jane Thomas Covey, was a schoolteacher. Oliver was educated at the University of Texas, graduating in 1933. He then attended the University of Texas School of Law, graduating in 1936.

## Career

Upon graduating, Oliver began teaching at the University of Texas School of Law, but his job was interrupted in 1939, because of World War II. Because of it, Oliver moved to Washington, D.C. to join the Board of Economic Warfare. In this capacity, he later served in Spain, where he was responsible for buying raw materials to keep them out of enemy hands.
Oliver left the United States Department of State in 1949, becoming professor of international law at the UC Berkeley School of Law. While teaching at Berkeley, he was also himself a student at Columbia Law School and received an S.J.D. in 1953. He taught at Berkeley until 1956 when he joined the faculty of the University of Pennsylvania Law School.
In 1962, President of the United States John F. Kennedy appointed Oliver to the Inter-American Juridical Committee of the Organization of American States. In 1964, President Lyndon B. Johnson nominated Oliver as United States Ambassador to Colombia and he subsequently served in this post from August 13, 1964, until August 29, 1966. President Johnson then nominated Oliver as Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs and Oliver held this office from July 1, 1967, until December 31, 1968, serving concurrently as director of the Alliance for Progress. In July 1968, Oliver said that "to speak of fair prices is a medieval concept, for we are in the era of free trade".
Oliver left government service in 1969, returning to the University of Pennsylvania Law School. Throughout his career, he advocated U.S. adherence to international law, the United Nations Charter, and the World Court. Oliver taught at the University of Pennsylvania Law School until his retirement in 1978, serving briefly as acting dean of the law school in 1978.

## Retirement and death

After his retirement, for three years, Oliver taught at Rice University in Houston, Texas. He then served as visiting professor at the American University and was an editor of the American Journal of International Law. He was a member of the Council on Foreign Relations, the American Law Institute, Phi Beta Kappa and the Order of the Coif.
Oliver spent the rest of his life in Inverness, California and Easton, Maryland. He died at his home in Easton on February 22, 2007.
# Makarska massacre

The Makarska massacre (Croatian: Pokolj u Makarskoj) was the mass murder of Croat civilians by Chetnik forces, led by Petar Baćović, from 28 August until early-September 1942, across several villages in the Dalmatian Hinterland of southern Croatia, around the town of Makarska.

## Timeline

The massacres took place during the final stages of the Italian-led Operation "Albia", which involved the participation of hundreds of Chetnik forces from Herzegovina and local MVAC Chetniks, with the objective of destroying Partisan forces in the Biokovo area. During their advance to the Makarska coast, Chetnik forces destroyed and massacred several Croat villages. The first attacks started on 29 August 1942, with the destruction of the Croat villages of Rašćane, Kozica, Dragljane and Župa, near Vrgorac. Hundreds of homes were destroyed and between 141 and 160 Croat civilians were killed. Among those killed included three Catholic Priests, who were skinned alive before being killed.
Baćović's Chetniks continued their advance to the Makarska coast into September 1942, razing a total of 17 Croat villages and killing 900 Croats.
In a report sent by Baćović to Draža Mihailović in September 1942, it was reported that:
   “I made my way to Herzegovina . Four of our battalions , about 900 people, started over Ljubuški , Imotski and Podgora on August 30 and made a breakthrough to the sea near Makarska . Seventeen villages were burned, 900 Ustashe [meaning Croatian civilians] killed, several Catholic priests skinned alive . For the first time since the collapse I put the Serbian flag in the sea and shouted salute to the king and Draža. Our losses are minimal.”
On 3 September 1942, Mihailović replied to Baćovic's report:
   “I am satisfied with the report on the breakthrough to the sea. Use this action to set up a secure channel to connect with Dinara Division. After this you have to clean up the space between: Mostar - Konjic - Visoko - Travnik - Jajce - Livno together with the dinars in the shortest possible time."

## Aftermath

The crimes committed by Chetnik forces in the Makarska area were discussed as part of the trial against Draža Mihailović in 1946. Mihailović was ultimately found guilty of eight counts of crimes against humanity and high treason. Mihailović, sentenced to death on 15 July 1946, was executed with nine other Chetnik commanders in Lisičji Potok in the early hours of 18 July 1946.
# Sulamanaia Tauiliili Tuivasa

Sulamanaia Fetaiai Tauiliili Tuivasa is a Samoan politician and Member of the Legislative Assembly of Samoa. He is a member of the Human Rights Protection Party.
Tuivasa is a former public servant for the Ministry of Revenue. He is married to Nive Tauiliili a Certified Accountant with seven children. He was first elected to the Legislative Assembly of Samoa in the 2016 election, defeating Cabinet Minister Tuisugaletaua Sofara Aveau. In 2019, he accused the HRPP government of interfering in public service appointments. Later that year, he voted against removing Lands & Titles Court President Fepuleai Atila Ropati from office. He was re-elected in the 2021 election. On 4 May 2022, Sulamanaia was suspended from parliament for a day for raising his voice during a heated argument. He then was called back to Parliament the following day. He remains in the position until the next election 2026. Early 2025, he bestowed the Supreme Chief of the Letogo and one of the paramount chiefs in the Tuamasaga District and Samoa 'Tuliaupupu.'
# Fethaland

Fethaland or Fedeland (/ˈfeɪdələnd/) is an abandoned settlement at the extreme north end of Mainland, Shetland. It was the site of the largest Haaf fishing station in Shetland.

## Etymology

The name Fethaland derives from Old Norse and means rich pasture (literally "fat land"). There is a tradition that the name comes from the Picts who supposedly were forcibly removed from Fethaland, which was their last refuge. Upon being forced out to sea, they called out, "Fae da land, fae da land" (from the land), however this story is most likely apocryphal considering the shout is well-formed modern Shetland Dialect, which wouldn't have been spoken by the picts.

## Geography and geology

Fethaland, along with the more of the north tip of Mainland including Uyea is one part of the Shetland National Scenic Area. It is also a Site of Special Scientific Interest.

## Fishing station

Oil lamps made from common whelk shells, (known locally as "buckies") were used by haaf fishermen in their böds. An example of one from Fethaland was collected by ethnographer Dr Arthur Mitchell and is kept in the Shetland Museum. Commenting on the lamp, Mitchell proposed,
   ...every one will admit that the lamp is elegant and pretty. Nothing, however, but the fact that it is easily obtained leads the deep-sea fisherman at his station on Fetheland Point to employ a shell for a [lamp]. His doing so does not prove the existence in him of a sense of the beautiful, nor, on the other hand, does his coarsely made sinker prove the reverse.
On 10 October 1994 the Fethaland fishing station was designated as a scheduled monument.
Due to the risk of erosion damaging the site a survey of the fishing station including the use of laser scanning took place in August 2010.
# Koeksister

A koeksister (/ˈkʊksɪstər/; Afrikaans: ) is a traditional Afrikaner confectionery made of fried dough infused in syrup or honey. There is also a Cape Malay version of the dish, which is a fried ball of dough that is rolled in desiccated coconut called a koesister. The name derives from the Dutch word "koek", which generally means a wheat flour confectionery.
Koeksisters are prepared by frying plaited dough strips in oil, then submersing the hot fried dough into ice cold sugar syrup. Koeksisters have a golden crunchy crust and liquid syrup centre, are very sticky and sweet, and taste like honey.
A monument of a koeksister in the Afrikaner community of Orania alludes to the Afrikaner tradition of baking them to raise funds for the building of churches and schools.
* A shop specialising in the production and sale of koeksisters in Cape Town.
* Koeksister Monument in Orania
# Thomas Goodrich (cricketer)

Thomas Cooper Goodrich (c. 1823 – 10 March 1885) was an English first-class cricketer.
Goodrich was born in 1823 at Stamford, Lincolnshire. He later made two appearances in first-class cricket. His first appearance came for the Gentlemen of England against the Gentlemen of Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's in 1853. Goodrich took five wickets in the Gentlemen of Marylebone Cricket Club first-innings, before following that up with four wickets in their second-innings. Eight years later, he made his second first-class appearance for the Gentlemen of the North against the Gentlemen of the South at Nottingham. He took his second first-class five wicket haul in the Gentlemen of the South first-innings, taking figures of 7 for 83. Across both matches he also scored a total of 27 runs. He died in March 1885 at Stamford.
# Philippine Agenda

Philippine Agenda is a 2007 Philippine television public affairs show broadcast by GMA Network. The show focuses on the 2007 Philippine general election. Hosted by Jessica Soho, Mel Tiangco, Vicky Morales, Mike Enriquez and Arnold Clavio, it premiered on March 25, 2007. The show concluded on May 13, 2007 with a total of 8 episodes.

## Episodes

Episodes of Philippine Agenda :
| Episode | Original air date | Host | No. |
| Education | March 25, 2007 | Jessica Soho | 1 |
| Jessica Soho discusses the deteriorating system of education in the Philippines. ||||
| Healthcare | April 1, 2007 | Arnold Clavio | 2 |
| Arnold Clavio examines the healthcare system in the country. ||||
| Corruption | April 8, 2007 | Mike Enriquez | 3 |
| Mike Enriquez investigates the widespread corruption in the government. Philippine Agenda finds several anomalous projects in different parts of the country. ||||
| Housing | April 15, 2007 | Mel Tiangco | 4 |
| Mel Tiangco discusses the problems of housing in the Philippines and what are the long-term plans of the government that will address this issue. ||||
| Jobs | April 22, 2007 | Vicky Morales | 5 |
| Vicky Morales analyzes why most Filipinos prefer to work in other countries than in the Philippines and why do most people are still unemployed. ||||
| Hunger | April 29, 2007 | Mike Enriquez | 6 |
| Mike Enriquez tackles the effects of undernourishment and the issues surrounding hunger. ||||
| Crime and Justice | May 6, 2007 | Arnold Clavio | 7 |
| Arnold Clavio investigates how the government handles the situation of criminality and justice in the country and the issues surrounding the judicial system. ||||
| Electoral reform | May 13, 2007 | Jessica Soho | 8 |
| Jessica Soho examines how the electoral process works in the Philippines. ||||
# Antonov A-40

The Antonov A-40 Krylya Tanka (Russian: крылья танка, meaning "tank wings") was a Soviet attempt to allow a tank to glide onto a battlefield after being towed aloft by an airplane, to support airborne forces or partisans. A prototype was built and tested in 1942, but was found to be unworkable. This vehicle is sometimes called the A-40T or KT.

## Design and development

Instead of loading light tanks onto gliders, as other nations had done, Soviet airborne forces had strapped T-27 tankettes underneath heavy bombers and landed them on airfields. In the 1930s, there were experimental efforts to parachute tanks or simply drop them into water. During the 1940 occupation of Bessarabia, light tanks may have been dropped from a few meters up by TB-3 bombers, which, as long as the gearbox was in neutral, would allow them to roll to a stop.
The biggest problem with air-dropping vehicles is if their crews are dropped separately, they may be delayed or prevented from bringing them into action. Gliders allow crews to arrive at the drop/landing zone along with their vehicles. They also minimize exposure of the valuable towing aircraft, which need not appear over the battlefield. So the Soviet Air Force ordered Oleg Antonov to design a glider for landing tanks.
Antonov was more ambitious. Instead of building a glider, he added a detachable cradle to a T-60 light tank bearing large wood and fabric biplane wings and a twin tail. Such a tank could glide into the battlefield, drop its wings, and be ready to fight within minutes.
One T-60 was converted into a glider in 1942, intended to be towed by a Petlyakov Pe-8 or a Tupolev TB-3. The tank was lightened for air use by removing its armament, ammunition and headlights, and leaving a very limited amount of fuel. Even with these modifications, the TB-3 bomber had to ditch the glider during its only flight, on September 2, 1942, to avoid crashing, due to the T-60's extreme drag (although the tank reportedly glided smoothly). The A-40 was piloted by the famous Soviet experimental glider pilot Sergei Anokhin. The T-60 landed in a field near the airport, and after dropping the glider wings and tail, the driver returned it to its base. Due to the lack of a sufficiently powerful aircraft to tow it at the required 160 km/h (99 mph), the project was abandoned.

## Specifications

Data from The Osprey Encyclopedia of Russian Aircraft 1875–1995
General characteristics
* Crew: Two
* Capacity: 1 × T-60 tank
* Length: 12.06 m (39 ft 6.75 in)
* Wingspan: 18.00 m (59 ft 0.75 in)
* Wing area: 85.8 m$^2$ (923.5 sq ft)
* Empty weight: 2,004 kg (4,418 lb)
* Gross weight: 7,804 kg (17,205 lb)
# Anikó Nagy

Anikó Nagy (born April 1, 1970, in Sajószentpéter) is a former Hungarian team handball player and Olympic medalist. She received a bronze medal at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta. She received a silver medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney.
# Sanjay Raj Subba

Sanjay Raj Subba was a former legislator of Assam who won assembly elections in 2006 and 2011 from Naoboicha constituency as a member of the Indian National Congress.
# Hilal Areeha

Hilal Areeha (Arabic: هلال آريحا) is a Palestinian football team that played as part of the West Bank Premier League until 2012, when they were relegated to the West Bank First Division.

## History

Hilal Areeha was established in 1974 in Jericho.
# Lost Hills (disambiguation)

The Lost Hills are a mountain range in Kern County, California, U.S.
Lost Hills may also refer to:
* Lost Hills, California, a census-designated place
** Lost Hills Airport (defunct)
** Lost Hills Oil Field
* Lost Hills, a 2015 album by State Shirt
* Lost Hills Books, a publishing house founded by Bruce Henricksen
# Prairie River (Mississippi River tributary)

The Prairie River is a river in Itasca County, Minnesota. The river is located in northern Minnesota, near the communities of Taconite, Bovey, Grand Rapids, and La Prairie. It is a tributary of the Mississippi River.
In 1991 Enbridge's Line 3 pipeline ruptured near Grand Rapids, spilling 1.7 million of gallons of oil into the area, including the river, in the largest inland oil spill in US history.
On May 4, 1988, the world record shorthead redhorse (Moxostoma macrolepidotum), which weighed 5 pounds 6 ounces (2.4 kg), was caught on the Prairie River by angler Greg Clusiau.
# Pożarowo

Pożarowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wronki, within Szamotuły County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) west of Wronki, 24 km (15 mi) north-west of Szamotuły, and 55 km (34 mi) north-west of the regional capital Poznań.
# Inteha e Ishq

Inteha-e-Ishq is a Pakistani drama television series aired on A-Plus TV from September 2021 to April 2022. It is directed by Dilawar Malik and features Hiba Bukhari and Junaid Khan in leading roles.

## Plot

Rida and Saim are cousins and love each other, both want to marry each other and everyone except Saim's mother, Naseema, is supportive. She clearly forbids Rida's parents to make her daughter-in-law. On the engagement fixation of Rida, Saim tells everyone that she loves Rida. Due to all this drama, Rida's father's health deteriorates and he is shifted to hospital where Doctor Daniyal (a man who is smitten by Rida's beauty in market days before) treats him. Saim's father, Saeed, rebukes Naseema due to her schemes that cause the current condition of Rida's father. Saim is exhausted and tries to go abroad. However, Saeed has Rida and Saim engaged. Dr. Daniyal feels hurt when he learns that Rida is soon to marry.

## Cast

* Hiba Bukhari
* Junaid Khan
* Arez Ahmed
* Sara Aijaz
* Beena Chaudhary
* Ismat Iqbal
* Samia Butt
* Asad Mehmood
* Maria Malik
# Tervaskanto

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| Terrorizer Magazine | |
Tervaskanto ("Resinous Stump") is the fourth studio album by Finnish folk metal band Korpiklaani. It was released on 26 June 2007 through Napalm Records.

## Personnel

* Jonne Järvelä - vocals, guitars, mandolin
* Cane - guitars, backing vocals
* Jarkko Aaltonen - bass
* Matti Johansson - drums, backing vocals
* Juho Kauppinen - accordion, guitars, backing vocals
* Hittavainen - violin, jouhikko, tin whistle, recorder, torupill

### Guest musicians

* Nakki - additional vocals
* Pete Ilvespakka - additional vocals
* Yudai Fujita - additional vocals
* Samuel Dan - additional vocals
* Paukku - additional vocals

### Production

* Harri Hinkka - photography
* Jan "Örkki" Yrlund - artwork, photography
* Mika Jussila - mastering
* Jonne Järvelä - producer
* Samu Oittinen - producer, engineering, mixing
# Fell in Love at 22

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | link |
| HM Magazine | (not rated) link |
| Pitchfork Media | (8.5/10) link |
Fell in Love at 22 is an EP released by the band Starflyer 59 after the release of the band's fourth album, The Fashion Focus. It contains the title track, which appeared on The Fashion Focus, and four other songs, which were recorded at the same time but not included on the album.

## Track listing

* "Fell in Love at 22" – 2:34
* "We Want It Bad" – 4:06
* "E.P. Nights" – 3:13
* "Traffic Jam" – 14:12
* "Samson" – 2:28

## Writing Credits

All songs written by Jason Martin

## Miscellaneous

At 14 minutes and 12 seconds, the instrumental "Traffic Jam" is the longest track released by Starflyer 59 to date.
# Prairie River (Wisconsin)

The Prairie River is a tributary of the Wisconsin River in north-central Wisconsin in the United States. It is about 40mi (65km) long. Via the Wisconsin River, it is part of the Mississippi River watershed.

## Course

The Prairie River flows from Horseshoe Lake in northwestern Langlade County and follows a generally southwestward course through southeastern Lincoln County to the city of Merrill, where it joins the Wisconsin River.
In an effort to restore trout habitat, the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources removed two dams on the Prairie River in Lincoln County in the 1990s, making the river free-flowing for its entire course.
# Elizabeth Bigler

Elizabeth Reeves Graham Bigler (c. 1809 – November 15, 1873) was First Lady of California, wife of John Bigler, Governor from 1852 to 1856.

## Life

Bigler was born Elizabeth Reeves Graham in New York, around 1809. She married John Bigler around 1847 in Mount Sterling, Illinois. They had one daughter, Virginia. In 1849 they joined the Gold Rush travelling by oxcart from Mount Sterling to Sacramento.
The Bigler home in Sacramento was a popular social center. After two gubernatorial terms, John was appointed United States Minister to Chile, from 1857 to 1861. The family moved to Chile and returned to Sacramento after the posting. John Bigler died in 1871; their daughter Virginia died on February 5, 1873, and Elizabeth Bigler died on November 15, 1873, in her mid-sixties. They are buried in the Sacramento City Cemetery. The California State Library holds a collection of Bigler family papers.
# C/2014 Q1 (PanSTARRS)

C/2014 Q1 (PanSTARRS) is a non-periodic/long period comet discovered on 16 August 2014 by the Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System (Pan-STARRS). The comet after its perihelion on July 6, 2015 reached a magnitude of +4 while being in evening twilight. The comet after perihelion featured three tails.

## Observations

C/2014 Q1 (PanSTARRS) was discovered in images taken by the 1.8m Ritchey-Chretien telescope of the Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System (Pan-STARRS) on 16 August 2014, when the comet had a magnitude of 18.4, and a preliminary orbit was published on August 19. The comet was observed as it moved northwards and Alan Hale observed it in the morning sky on June 14, 2015, when it featured condensed coma and its magnitude was estimated to be 8.
After its perihelion on July 6, 2015 reached a magnitude of +4 while being in evening twilight. On July 15-16 the comet was reported to have a magnitude of +5.2, however wasn't visible to naked eye because of it being in the twilight. The comet displayed three tails, an ion tail, the main dust tail and a broad dust tail at a right angle in respect to them. The ion tail was 1.5 degrees long and appeared to fork while the main dust tail was half a degree long. The dust tail indicated that the activity of the comet reduced rapidly between July 6 and July 12, as a gap in the dust tail appeared on 2015 July 14, 8 days after perihelion at 0.318 au, and progressed along the tail, following the expected motion of the dust that should have been present. The gap corresponds to dust ejected between July 5 and July 12.
The comet was observed by SWAN instrument onboard SOHO during its perihelion. The water production rate rose sharply during the days near perihelion, when the comet was less than 0,7 AU from the Sun, at 2×10$^{30}$ molecules per second. The sharp increase indicates that grainy ices and chunks of ice were continuously removed from the surface of the comet, resulting in increased sublimation. It is calculated that the nucleus of the comet lost more than half of its mass during the passage.