OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dennis Dalton

Dennis Gilmore Dalton is a professor of political science from the United States. From 1969 until 2008, Dalton was the Ann Whitney Olin Professor of Political Science at Barnard College, Columbia University. Dalton's work had a particular focus on the thought and leadership of Mahatma Gandhi and civil disobedience. Before his retirement from Barnard College at Columbia University, he gave lectures on political theory from Plato to the present, eastern and western philosophies. He began teaching at Barnard in 1969, teaching classes in classical and modern political theory.

## Academia

He received his bachelor's degree from Rutgers University (1960), his M.A. in Political Science from the University of Chicago (1962), and his Ph.D. in political theory from the University of London (1965). He started his teaching career in the Department of Economic and Political Studies, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London where he taught graduate seminars on political thought and comparative politics. His seminar on nonviolence at Barnard related his personal experiences with close associates of Mahatma Gandhi during his years of research in India beginning in 1960 and continuing as a Fulbright Scholar to South Asia in 1994-1995.
Joining a student hunger strike in 2007 at Barnard/Columbia, advocating a more multi-cultural curriculum, Dalton told a reporter, "I want the core curriculum supplemented by writings on Gandhi, King, Malcolm X. I would like some acknowledgement of nonviolence in the Core." Since Dalton's retirement in 2008, Columbia College has added Gandhi to its Core curriculum, assigning Dalton's edition of Gandhi's political writings. Most recently, Dalton has been among a team of five editors of Columbia's Sources of Indian Traditions (2014) and he has lectured for three years at the Fromm Institute, San Francisco University.
Dalton is the author of numerous articles and books, including Mahatma Gandhi: Nonviolent Power in Action and Indian Idea of Freedom.

## Awards

* Senior Fulbright Scholarship for Research and Teaching in Nepal, 1994–95
* Ann Whitney Olin Senior Award for Teaching and Research, 1989–94
* Emily Gregory Award for Distinguished Teaching, Barnard College, 1978
* American Council of Learned Societies grant for research in South Africa, August 1975
* American Philosophical Institute grant for research in India, January–July 1975
* American Council of Learned Societies grant for research at the India Office Library, London, England, June–August 1972

## Books

* Indian Idea of Freedom: Political Thought of Swami Vivekananda, Aurobindo Ghose, Mahatma Gandhi and Rabindranath Tagore, The Academic Press, 1982
* Mahatma Gandhi: Nonviolent Power in Action (Revised ed.). Columbia University Press. 2012 [1993]. ISBN 978-0-231-15959-3.
** Mahatma Gandhi: Nonviolent Power in Action, Columbia University Press, revised 3rd edition with new preface and afterword, 2014
* Mahatma Gandhi: Selected Political Writings, edited with introduction by Dennis Dalton, Hackett Publishers, 1996
# Khem Karan Singh

Lieutenant General Khem Karan Singh, MVC (March 5, 1921 – July 26, 2016) was an Indian senior military officer. He was awarded the Padma Bhushan for his role in the 1971 Indo-Pakistani War. He also received the Maha Vir Chakra for his services during the Indo-Pakistani war of 1965.

## Early life and education

He was born in 1919 in Rohtak district in Haryana. A third generation Cavalry Officer, his grandfather Risaldar Major Ram Singh and father Honorary Major Bharat Singh has served in the 14th Murray's Jat Lancers (which later became 20th Lancers). Singh attended the St. Stephen's College, Delhi.

## Military career

Singh was commissioned into the 16th Light Cavalry in 1941, which he later commanded. In the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, Singh commanded the 1 Armoured Brigade and was awarded the Maha Vir Chakra.

### Maha Vir Chakra

The citation for the Maha Vir Chakra reads as follows:
   Gazette Notification: 129 Pres/65,11-11-65
   Operation: 1965 Op Riddle Date of Award: 06 Sep 1965
   BRIGADIER KHEM KARAN SINGH
   Brigadier Khem Karan Singh, commander of an armoured brigade, led his brigade and some additional armoured units into action during the operations in the Sialkot Sector from 6 to 22 September 1965. He was to cope with enemy tanks which were superior in number and better in technical performance.
   During the first three days of battle, the force under the command of Brigadier Singh destroyed over 75 enemy tanks at the cost of a small number of our own tanks. This was possible due to Brigadier Singh's personal example, as he, in his own task, was present at the point of maximum enemy threat.
   Brigadier Singh fought the battle of Phillora for three days and nights, throwing out the enemy from this important communication centre. The enemy's morale was so much demoralised because of this action that he avoided close combat and engaged our forces only at extreme range.
   Brigadier Khem Karan Singh displayed outstanding leadership, high tactical ability and great devotion to duty, in the best traditions of the Indian Army.
After the war, Singh was promoted to the rank of Major General and commanded a division and served as the Chief of Staff of the Western Command. He then took over the important appointment of Director of Military Operations (DMO) at Army HQ under the Chief of the Army Staff General Sam Manekshaw. In October 1971, just before the outbreak of the war, Singh was sent to command I Corps, then the only Strike Corps of the Indian Army. For his meritorious service, Singh was awarded the third highest civilian award - the Padma Bhushan.
In November 1973, Singh was promoted to Army Commander grade and took over as the 5th General Officer Commanding-in-Chief (GOC-in-C) Central Command.
After a two-year stint as GOC-in-C Central Command, Singh retired in 1975.
# Morgex

Morgex French pronunciation (Valdôtain: Mordzé) is a town and comune in the Aosta Valley region of north-western Italy. High quality white wine is produced in the area, and it is home to the last few plantings of the very rare pink grape, Roussin de Morgex.
# Shove Memorial Chapel

The Shove Memorial Chapel is a Norman Romanesque chapel located on the campus of Colorado College in Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States. It was designed by John Grey and built from 1930 to 1931 and has been on the National Register of Historic Places since May 22, 2005.
John Grey, the architect, made a very comprehensive plan of the chapel, and hired various craftsmen from around the country to apply the detail he wanted. The chapel is made from Bedford limestone mined and cut in Indiana, and Robert Garrison designed gargoyles and exterior sculptures around the building. Robert E. Wade painted the ornate roof inside the chapel, and Joseph Reynolds Jr. designed the stained glass windows.
Despite being built in the middle of the Great Depression, it is widely considered to be one of the finest examples of Norman Romanesque architecture in the state of Colorado. The chapel is located on the main quadrangle of Colorado College.
On the master bell of the chapel, Westminster quarter chimes cast in Croydon, England, there is an engraving of a statement by poet Kahlil Gibran: "Yesterday is but today's memory, an tomorrow is today's dream."
# Babak Karimi

Babak Karimi (Persian: بابک کریمی; born 1960) is a Czech-Iranian actor. For his role in A Separation, he won the Silver Bear for Best Actor at the 61st Berlin International Film Festival in 2011.

## Filmography
### Film

* Tickets (2005)
* A Separation (2011)
* The Past (2013)
* Fish & Cat (2013)
* 360 Degree (2014)
* The Girl's House (2014)
* The Salesman (2016)
* A Wedding (2016)
* Death of the Fish (2016)
* Invasion (2017)
* The Last Prosecco (2017)
* The Role (2018) (short)
* Yalda, a Night for Forgiveness (2019)
* The Life Ahead (2020)
* No Choice (2020)
* Shahre Gheseh Cinema (2020)
* Careless Crime (2020)
* At the End of Evin (2021)
* Majority (2021)
* Zeros and Ones (2021)
* Until Tomorrow (2022)
* The Loser Man (2022)
* Visiting Time (2022) (short)
* Bucharest (2022)
* The Wastetown (2022)
* Guardian of the Field (2025)

### Web

| Year | Title | Role | Director | Platform |
| 2021 | I Want to Live | Homayoun Haghi | Sharam Shah Hosseini | Filimo |
| 2021–2022 | Once Upon a Time in Iran | Haji Zarabi | Tina Pakravan | Namava |
| 2022 | The Lion Skin | Behzad | Jamshid Mahmoudi | Filmnet |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Director | Network |
| 2020 | Compass | Nasser Tajali | Sharam Shah Hosseini | IRIB TV1 |
# Thomas Dunlop (cricketer)

Sir Thomas Charles Dunlop TD DL (4 February 1878 – 13 August 1960) was a Scottish first-class cricketer and administrator, newspaper proprietor, and British Army officer.
The son of William Hamilton Dunlop, he was born at Ayr in February 1878. Dunlop was educated firstly at Bilton Grange and latterly at Eton College. In 1900, he succeeded his uncle, A. B. Gemmell, as the publisher of the Ayr Advertiser following his death, becoming the youngest newspaper proprietor in Scotland. In the same year that he inherited the Ayr Advertiser, he was commissioned into the British Army as a second lieutenant in the Ayrshire (Earl of Carrick's Own) Yeomanry, with promotion to lieutenant coming in October 1907. A club cricketer for Ayr Cricket Club, he made a single appearance in first-class cricket for Scotland against the touring Indians at Galashiels in 1911. Playing as a wicket-keeper in the match, he was dismissed without scoring by Jehangir Warden in the Scotland first innings and made two stumpings in the Indians first innings.
In the military, he was promoted to captain in June 1912. Dunlop served in the First World War with the Yeomanry, during which he was promoted to major in February 1917, with precedence to September 1916. In May 1917, he was decorated by Belgium with the Croix de guerre. Following the war, was decorated with the Territorial Decoration in May 1920. The following year he relinquished his commission. Dunlop served as president of the Scottish Cricket Union in 1922. By the late 1920s, Dunlop had returned to the Territorial Army and was promoted to lieutenant colonel in March 1928. He was appointed a deputy lieutenant of Ayrshire in May 1930 and an aide-de-camp to George V in June 1931. Dunlop retired from the Yeomanry in March 1932, having spent a period in command of a battalion as a brevet colonel, retaining his rank.
Dunlop mostly left the running of the Ayr Advertiser to his two long serving editors, Hugh Allan and Thomas Kay, and remained as its sole proprietor until 1938, when the newspaper became a limited company, with Dunlop and William Herbert Dunlop as its directors. During the Second World War, he was approved as an aide-de-camp to George VI. He was later Knighted for political and public service to Ayrshire in the 1955 Birthday Honours. Dunlop died at Ayrshire in August 1960 and was succeeded as a director at the newspaper by his second son, William H. Dunlop. His grandson is Ian Dunlop, a former writer and art critic for the Evening Standard. His uncle was the cricketer George Dunlop.
# Éric Briffard

Éric Briffard (French pronunciation:; born 30 November 1961) is a French chef. He is the executive chef and director of the Culinary Arts at the school Le Cordon Bleu since January 2016.

## Career

Éric Briffard began his career at 19 as a cooking assistant at the Concorde Lafayette, and then at the restaurant Relais Saint Fiacre in Appoigny in 1976.
In 1988, he went to Japan for about a year and joined the restaurant Palazzo Royal Park Hotel.
In 1990, he was hired as a sous-chef of Joël Robuchon at the restaurant Jamin in Paris.
In 1994, he obtained the title of Meilleur Ouvrier de France, delivered by François Mitterrand at the Palais de l'Élysée.
In 2004, he obtained a second Michelin star at the Plaza Athénée in Paris, and then joined the restaurant Les Élysées du Vernet.
He joined in 2008 the restaurant Le Cinq (2 stars at the Guide Michelin) at the Hotel George V in Paris. In October 2014, he left the restaurant and was replaced by chef Christian Le Squer.
In January 2016, he joined the cooking school Le Cordon Bleu as the executive chef and director of the Culinary Arts.
# Ramdas Maluji Masram

Ramdas Maluji Masram is an Indian politician from Maharashtra. He is a member of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly from 2024, representing Armori Assembly constituency as a member of the Indian National Congress.
# Lev Berinski

Lev Berinski (Yiddish: לעװ בערינסקי‏‎, Cyrillic script: Лев Беринский ; Căușeni, Soviet Union today Moldova, April 6, 1939) is an Israeli translator and poet.

## Life

He was born in a Jewish family from Bessarabia; his father, Shmuel, was a taylor.
During World War II, he was taken to Tajikistan and to Zlatoust, in the Urals. Upon his return to Moldova, he met intellectuals such as Valeriu Gagiu, Alexander Gelman or Alexander Brodsky.
From 1954, he lived in Stalino (Donetsk), and after training (1957-1959) at the Stalin Technical School as a cultural employee, he worked as an accordionist and a music teacher.
He joined a group of local poets, was a close friend of the Ukrainian poet Vasyl Stus and published in the newspaper “Komsolez Donbassa”.
Berinsky lived and worked in Moldova in 1960-1961. Afterwards, he returned to Donetsk. From 1963 to 1968 he studied at the Smolensk Pedagogical Institute and translation at the Maxim Gorky Literature Institute. From 1970 to 1974 he taught German at the Moscow Trade Union Technical Institute.
He has lived in Israel since 1991.

## References and external links

* ↑ https://collections.yadvashem.org/en/names/7284034
* This article about an Israeli writer is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# 2022 Scotland bin strikes

* This article is part of a series aboutNicola Sturgeon
Political positions
Electoral history
MSP for Glasgow
MSP for Glasgow Southside
Deputy First Minister of Scotland (2004–2014)
Salmond Ministry
2004 deputy leadership election
Cabinet Secretary for Health and Wellbeing
Tobacco sale restrictions
Minimum unit pricing
Cabinet Secretary for Infrastructure, Capital Investment and Cities
Independence referendum
Votes at 16
2014 Scottish independence referendum
Leader of the SNP (2014–2023)
2014 leadership election
First Minister of Scotland (2014–2023)
Premiership
International trips
First Ministry
Revenue Scotland
LBTT
SLfT
Community right to buy
Second Ministry
2016 election
Proposed second independence referendum
Brexit referendum
People's Vote
Social Security Scotland
Scottish National Investment Bank
Alex Salmond scandal
COVID-19 pandemic
Third Ministry
2021 election
Bute House Agreement
COP26
Ferry fiasco
Operation Branchform
Cost of living crisis
Bin worker strikes
ScotRail strikes
2023 proposed referendum
2022 Supreme Court referral
Gender reform bill
Resignation
2023 leadership election
UK General elections
2015
2017
2019 :
vte :
The 2022 Scotland bin strike was a labour strike by bin workers across Scotland. The workers, represented by the GMB were striking for a pay rise to match that being given to local government workers in the rest of the UK. The strikes began in Edinburgh but spread to other parts of Scotland, affecting 20 of Scotland's 32 council areas.

## Events

On 18 August, and following a pay dispute with Convention of Scottish Local Authorities (COSLA), refuse workers belonging to the Unison, Unite and GMB trade unions launched industrial action in Edinburgh. The 12-day strike began as the city played host to the 2022 Edinburgh Festival. The walkout ended at 04:59 on 30 August. The trade unions stated the main reason for strike was due to the UK cost of living crisis.
Residents in Edinburgh were told by Edinburgh City Council to keep all rubbish indoors.
On 29 August, GMB rejected the offer proposed by the Convention of Scottish Local Authorities. According to the Scottish Government, the deal included a payment of at least £1,925 for council staff, with those earning £20,000 receiving £2,000.
On 1 September, First Minister of Scotland Nicola Sturgeon met with council leaders and trade union leaders to resolve the dispute. On 2 September, the strikes were called off by the three unions involved after a 10% pay deal was agreed upon. Sturgeon had previously been criticised for attending Edinburgh Festival events while the strike was ongoing.

## Health warning

A health warning was declared by Public Health Scotland due to the build-up of rubbish in urban areas. They also called on local authorities to deep clean public areas.
# Portrait of Caroline Murat, Queen of Naples

Portrait of Caroline Murat, Queen of Naples is an 1814 oil on canvas painting by the French Neoclassical artist Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres. Caroline Murat, née Bonaparte, was the sister of Napoleon, and married Joachim Murat, a Marshal of France and Admiral of France, and later King of Naples. Caroline commissioned the portrait as part of an effort to convey her standing and worth to reign as Queen of Naples during an unstable political climate.
Long considered lost or destroyed since the fall of Murat in 1815, the painting was rediscovered in 1987 by the art historian Hans Naef. It is now in a private collection in New York.

## Commission

Caroline was an art lover, and in 1814 commissioned a number of paintings from Ingres, her favored artist. These include his Grande Odalisque, its now lost sister piece La Dormeuse de Naples, and Paolo and Francesca. The painting was completed shortly before the 1815 collapse of the Naples regime after Napoleon's empire crumbled following his defeat of the Battle of Waterloo. Joachim was executed by firing squad in October of that year (his wife lived until 1839). Consequently, Ingres's was not paid for his earlier commissions. The painting was begun in Naples, and completed after he had moved to Rome in May 1815.
Ingres' created several preparatory studies, including close-ups of her face, and full sketch of the family. Due to the artist's exacting and precise approach and technique, the undertaking was long and slowly moving. Both Caroline and Ingres considered painting to be unfinished.

## Description

Her regal pose is reminiscent of Napoleon in Ingres' Bonaparte, First Consul of 1804. Ingres shows her in full length, dress in a long, high waisted black velvet dress and pelisse. Her expression is pious, while her black hat is trimmed with ostrich feathers. She stands in the royal apartment in Naples, before a large bay window which looks out to Mount Vesuvius. The painting is filled with luxurious, prestige items appealing to both Italian and French taste. Moorish influence can be seen in the heavy velvet and lace.
# Arne Strömberg

Arne Strömberg (20 June 1920, in Karlskrona, Sweden – 25 January 1988) was a Swedish ice hockey coach. He coached the Sweden national men's ice hockey team and several Swedish hockey clubs during his career.
He resigned after the 1971 World Championship, following Sweden's defeat, 1-2, against West Germany. He was replaced with Billy Harris.
Strömberg was inducted into the IIHF Hall of Fame in 1998, and into the Swedish Hockey Hall of Fame in 2012.
# Gyda Ellefsplass Olssen

Gyda Ellefsplass Olssen (born November 16, 1978, in Elverum) is a Norwegian sport shooter. At age twenty-nine, Olssen made her official debut for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where she competed in two rifle shooting events. She placed thirty-fourth out of forty-seven shooters in the women's 10 m air rifle, with a total score of 391 points. Nearly a week later, Olssen competed for her second event, 50 m rifle 3 positions, where she was able to shoot 195 targets in a prone position, and 190 each in standing and in kneeling, for a total score of 575 points, finishing only in twenty-seventh place.
# 2023 Manaus Aerotáxi Embraer Bandeirante crash

On 16 September 2023, an Embraer 110 Bandeirante of Manaus Aerotáxi crashed on approach. The crash occurred as the aircraft was attempting to land at Barcelos Airport while performing a go-around, killing all 14 occupants on board. All the occupants on board were tourists going to a fishing competition in Rio Negro.

## Background

The accident took place during the high rainy season.
Barcelos is known for ecotourism activities, particularly fishing, and it is one of the main sport fishing destinations in Brazil.

## Accident

The aircraft was on final approach after an aborted landing and an attempt to go-around in heavy rain and bad weather conditions when it crashed into an embankment short of the runway. All the occupants on board the aircraft died. There was no post-crash fire.
Early reports stated that American citizens were among the victims; later reports stated that all the passengers were Brazilians.
Due to the bad weather, other airplanes that approached the airport at around the same time returned to Manaus.

## Aircraft

The aircraft involved in the accident was an Embraer 110 Bandeirante with registration PT-SOG, built in 1991 with serial number 110490.
The EMB-110P1 is powered by two PT6A-34 turboprop engines produced by Canadian manufacturer Pratt & Whitney.

## Investigation

An investigation is launched into the cause of the accident. The bodies were taken to Manaus for formal identification.
# Elling Øvergård

Elling Øvergård (6 May 1947 – 17 March 1999) was a Norwegian sports shooter. He competed in three events at the 1968 Summer Olympics.
# Engebret Skogen

Engebret Engebretsen "Embret" Skogen (20 August 1887 – 4 September 1968) was a Norwegian rifle shooter who competed in the early 20th century. At the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm he won the bronze medal in Military rifle, three positions. He also participated in the 300 metre free rifle, three positions event and finished 31st.
He was a grandfather of Dag Fornæss, a former Olympic speed skater.
# Kenneth Skoglund

Kenneth Skoglund (born 21 July 1953) is a Norwegian sport shooter. He was born in Eidskog. He competed in 50 metre running target at the 1976 and 1984 Summer Olympics, wherein he came fifth and seventeenth respectively.
He won the kongepokal trophy in 1975.
# Gunnar Fredriksen

Gunnar Fredriksen (28 February 1907 – 1 May 1994) was a Norwegian athlete. He competed in the men's decathlon at the 1928 Summer Olympics.
# Arild Lenth

Arild Lenth (20 November 1904 – 28 March 1972) was a Norwegian long jumper and triple jumper.
His personal best long jump was 7.18 metres, achieved in July 1928 on Bislett stadion. In August 1928 at the same stadium he jumped 14.11 metres in the triple jump, another career best. At the 1928 Summer Olympics he competed in the long and triple jump. In the long jump he achieved 6.60 metres and failed to reach the final; in the triple jump he achieved 13.39 metres and again failed to reach the final. He became Norwegian champion in the long jump in 1928 and 1929, representing Hamar IL. He also won the national bronze medal in 1927. He became Norwegian triple jump champion once, in 1928. He did not hold the triple jump club record in Hamar IL, as Lauritz G. Bryhn had jumped 14.28 metres in 1921.
Lenth chaired the club Hamar IL from 1946 to 1947. Together with Guri Bakke (1910–1989) he had the son Borger Arildssøn Lenth (b. 1937), a jurist and banker.
# The Picture of Dorian Gray (1910 film)

The Picture of Dorian Gray (1910), also known as Dorian Grays Portræt, is a Danish silent film based on the 1890 novel The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde.