OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nuphar polysepala

Nuphar polysepala, also known as the great yellow pond-lily, wokas, or wocus, is a perennial, rhizomatous, aquatic herb in the genus Nuphar native to western North America. It is commonly found in shallow muddy ponds from northern Alaska and Yukon southward to central California and northern New Mexico, and can be recognized easily by its large floating leaves and bright yellow blossoms.

## Description
### Vegetative characteristics

Nuphar polysepala is a perennial, rhizomatous, aquatic herb with spongy, creeping, branching, up to 5 m long, and 3-8 cm wide rhizomes and an extensive root system. The leaves are submerged or floating. The ovate to oblong leaf is 10–45 cm long, and 7–30 cm wide. The terete petiole is up to 2 m long.

### Generative characteristics

The solitary, pedunculate, bisexual, 5–10 cm wide flowers float on the water surface, or extend beyond it. They have (6–)9(–12) green to bright yellow sepals, which occasionally have a red base. The 10-20 green to yellow, thick petals are hidden by the stamens. The strongly ribbed, ovoid to cylindric, 4–6(–9) cm long, and 3.5–6 cm wide fruit bears 4 mm long seeds.

## Cytology

The chromosome count is 2n = 34.

## Taxonomy

It was published by George Engelmann in 1866. The lectotype specimen was collected by C. C. Parry in Osborn's Lake, Colorado, USA in 1864. It is placed in the section Nuphar sect. Astylus.

### Etymology

The specific epithet polysepala means "with many sepals".

## Habitat and ecology
### Habitat

It occurs in slowly flowing streams, ponds, and lakes in up to 2,4 m deep water. It provides shelter for fish.

### Pollination

It is pollinated by flies and beetles.

## Conservation

The NatureServe conservation status is T5 Secure.

## Uses
### Food

The seeds are edible; they pop like popcorn, and can be steamed as a vegetable, dried and ground for flour, or can be cooked like oatmeal. Historically they have been a significant source of carbohydrates for the Klamath and Modoc peoples who inhabit the area near Oregon's Upper Klamath Lake.

### Medicinal

Leaves and rootstocks have been used for ulcerous skin conditions and swelling. The rootstock infusion is used as a traditional gargle for mouth, sore throats and douche for vaginal inflammation. The rootstock is prepared from two tablespoon chopped rhizome with one cup boiling water .
# Roel Reiné

Roel Reiné (born 15 July 1970 in Eindhoven) is a Dutch film director. Occasionally he uses the alias John Rebel (Bear, Wolf Town). His production company is called Rebel Film.

## Career

Starting off directing television series and films in his home country, Reiné moved to Hollywood and began specializing in direct to DVD sequels such as Death Race 2 and Hard Target 2. He also became involved with television in the United States, directing episodes of Inhumans, Wu Assassins and Halo. Reiné also serves as cinematographer on many of his projects.

## Filmography
### Series

* "De uitdaging" (1990)
* "12 steden, 13 ongelukken" (1990)
* "Sam sam" (1994)
* "Voor hete vuren" (1995)
* "Brutale meiden" (1997)
* "Sterker dan drank" (1997)
* "'t Zal je gebeuren..." (1998)
* "De aanklacht" (2000)
* "Verkeerd verbonden" (2000)
* Blood Drive (2017)
* Inhumans (2017)
* Wu Assassins (2019)
* Halo (2022)

### Films

* No More Control (1996)
* Carwars (1999)
* The Delivery (1999)
* Adrenaline (2003)
* Deadwater (2007)
* Pistol Whipped (2008)
* Drifter (2008)
* The Forgotten Ones (2009)
* The Marine 2 (2009)
* Bear (2010)
* The Lost Tribe (2010)
* Death Race 2 (2010)
* The Scorpion King 3: Battle for Redemption (2012)
* Death Race 3: Inferno (2013)
* 12 Rounds 2: Reloaded (2013)
* Dead in Tombstone (2013)
* SEAL Team 8: Behind Enemy Lines (2014)
* The Condemned 2 (2015)
* Michiel de Ruyter (2015)
* The Man with the Iron Fists 2 (2015)
* Hard Target 2 (2016)
* Dead Again in Tombstone (2017)
* Redbad (2018)
* Fistful of Vengeance (2022)
* Classified (2024)
# Battle of Firebase Anaconda

32°8′N 66°0′E﻿ / ﻿32.133°N 66.000°E﻿ / 32.133; 66.000
vteWar in Afghanistan (2001–2021) :
The Battle of Firebase Anaconda (not to be confused with Operation Anaconda) was a military engagement that took place on August 8, 2007, during the War in Afghanistan. A group of roughly 75 Afghan militants mounted a rare frontal assault on a United States' Firebase Anaconda, but was repulsed with approximately 20 fatalities. No Americans were killed.
The attack was rare in that, instead of using asymmetric warfare tactics such as launching mortars at the base and quickly retreating, the Taliban forces staged a direct assault on U.S.-led forces.

## Attack

The attacking force never passed the "Entry Control Point" and failed to penetrate the base's defences.

## Aftermath

A month after the initial assault, a second attempt was made to overrun one of the firebase's outer observation posts after a mortar attack. Ten militants were killed, again without inflicting any coalition casualties.
Shortly after the second attempt, the Australian SOF elements from the 4th Battalion Royal Australian Regiment (Commando) and Special Air Service Regiment (SASR) conducted a road-move from their operating base in Tarin Kowt to reinforce the combat fatigued US SOF elements based at FOB Anaconda. On arrival, the Australian SOF elements were met with some resistance but quickly gained control of the Khas Uruzghan district centre. Over the next two weeks, Australian and US SOF elements conducted a range of direct action operations from FOB Anaconda which degraded the adversaries' confidence and pushed their combat power out of the Khas Uruzgan District Centre. The Australian SOF elements subsequently extracted from the Khas Uruzgan area back to their base in Tarin Kowt before moving into the Chora area to conduct advanced targeting and screening operations in support of the "Battle of Chora" in September 2007. During this operation, Sgt Matthew Locke from the Special Air Service Regiment was killed. Following the operation and while en route to Tarin Kowt, Private Luke Worsley of the 4th Battalion Royal Australian Regiment (Commando) was killed in a direct action operation against known IED facilitators and leadership figures in the north of Mirabad in a village called Musoud Kalay.
# Robinsonia (plant)

Robinsonia is a genus of plants in the groundsel tribe within the sunflower family.

## Species

All the species are endemic to the Juan Fernández Islands in the Pacific Ocean, part of the Republic of Chile. The genus is named for the fictional character Robinson Crusoe, purportedly shipwrecked in this chain of islands.
* Robinsonia berteroi (DC.) R.W.Sanders, Stuessy & Martic.
* Robinsonia evenia Phil.
* Robinsonia gayana Decne.
* Robinsonia gracilis Decne.
* Robinsonia macrocephala Decne.
* Robinsonia masafuerae Skottsb.
* Robinsonia thurifera Decne.
# Robert Benvenuti

Robert J. Benvenuti III (born August 31, 1966) is an American politician and current chair of the Kentucky Republican Party.
Previously, he was a member of the Kentucky House of Representatives representing Kentucky's 88th House district 88 from 2013 to 2019. He did not seek reelection in 2018.

## Education

Benvenuti earned a BA in communication, a BS in science communication and an MPA from the University of Kentucky, and a JD from the University of Kentucky College of Law.

## Elections

When District 88 Representative Bill Farmer retired and left the seat open, Benvenuti was unopposed for the May 22, 2012 Republican primary and won the November 6, 2012 general election with 12,959 votes (54.0%) against Democratic nominee Reginald Thomas.
# 1 August 2007 Baghdad bombings

The 1 August 2007 Baghdad bombings occurred on 1 August 2007, when several suicide bombings and car bombings occurred in Baghdad, the capital of Iraq. In one of the attacks, a fuel tanker packed with explosives exploded near a petrol station in the suburb of Mansour. The bombing set fire to ten vehicles at the petrol station killing 50 and wounding 60 in and around the petrol station.
# Jenkins Commission (UK)

The Independent Commission on the Voting System, popularly known as the Jenkins Commission after its chairman Roy Jenkins, was a commission into possible reform of the United Kingdom electoral system.

## The commission

The commission was set up in December 1997 by the Labour government with the support of the Liberal Democrats, to investigate alternatives to the single member plurality (or "first past the post") electoral system used for British general elections. A referendum was planned on whether to change the voting system.
The commission was asked to take into account four requirements:
* broad proportionality,
* the need for stable government,
* an extension of voter choice, and
* the maintenance of a link between MPs and geographical constituencies.
The commission reported in September 1998 and suggested the alternative vote top-up or AV+ system, which would directly elect some MPs by the alternative vote, with a number of additional members elected from top up lists similarly to Mixed-member proportional representation. The commission considered a single transferable vote system but rejected it because it would require massive constituencies of around 350,000 electors resulting in an oppressive degree of choice (i.e. too many candidates to choose from). Also, they described the counting of votes in STV as "incontestably opaque" and argued that different counting systems could produce different results. Finally, Jenkins rejected STV because it was a different system from those used in European and devolved parliaments, as well as the London Assembly.

## Actions taken from the commission

No action was taken by the Labour government to change the electoral system.
After the 2010 election, with a hung parliament, and the Liberal Democrats potentially holding the balance of power, AV+ was again the subject of discussion, as a potential part of a coalition deal. However, the eventual coalition's deal – between the Liberal Democrats and the Conservatives – specified that there would be a referendum on "the introduction of the Alternative Vote". This was confirmed in February 2011, when the referendum on AV (not AV+) was approved by Parliament.
The referendum took place on Thursday 5 May 2011, resulting in a 67.9% "No" vote, in favour of keeping the existing first-past-the-post; versus 32.1% "Yes" in favour of moving to AV. Of 440 voting areas (based on Parliamentary constituencies) only 10 of the 440 areas returned "yes" votes in favour of AV, of which six were in London, the others being Oxford and Cambridge, Edinburgh Central and Glasgow Kelvin.
# Lamuel A. Stanislaus

Lamuel A. Stanislaus CBE (April 22, 1921 – September 18, 2016) was a Grenadian dentist and diplomat. Lamuel Stanislaus left Grenada in the mid 1940s to attend dental school at Howard University. After 1956 he lived in Brooklyn where he founded Caribbeans for Ed Koch. On January 18, 1985 he was appointed Permanent Representative of Grenada to the United Nations in New York City where he was representative from May 10, 1985 to June 30, 1990, he would also serve as Ambassador-at–Large and Deputy Permanent Representative for two years. On December 18, 1998 Stanislaus was again appointed Permanent Representative of Grenada to the United Nations in New York City, he would hold this position from December 21, 1998 to November 8, 2004.
Stanislaus died on September 18, 2016, at the age of 95 in Brooklyn, New York, U.S.
# Indiana Sánchez

Indiana María Sánchez Sánchez (born August 3, 1987, in Managua) is a Nicaraguan model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Nicaragua 2009 on March 7, 2009 at the Ruben Dario National Theater in Managua. She received the crown from the outgoing Miss Nicaragua, Thelma Rodriguez. Indiana went off to represent Nicaragua at the 58th edition of the Miss Universe pageant held in August at the Atlantis Paradise Island in the Bahamas, Bahamas. She was one of the heavy favorites, appearing on many predictions list, but she did not place among the top 15. She was awarded 2nd Place in National Costume.
Sánchez was a sophomore at Miami Dade College, attending the school of Nursing. She had to put her studies on a hiatus to fulfill her duties as Miss Nicaragua 2009, where she represented the department of Managua. After her reign as Miss Nicaragua, she entered the Nuestra Belleza Latina 2010 Reality Show aired on Univision, where she landed in 11th Place. Currently Indiana is residing in Miami where she plans to leave nursing aside and pursue a career as an actress. Indiana will also represent Nicaragua in Reina Hispanoamericana 2010 held in Santa Cruz, Bolivia
# Baldomer Galofre

Baldomer Galofre i Giménez, in Spanish: Baldomero Galofré y Jiménez (25 May 1845 – 26 July 1902) was a Spanish painter.

## Biography

Galofre was born in Reus. His first art lessons were in the workshop of the amateur painter and wine merchant, Domènec Soberano, when he was still quite young. Shortly after, his family moved to Barcelona, where he was enrolled at the Escola de la Llotja and studied with Ramon Martí Alsina. He later moved to Madrid to continue his studies.
His first exhibition was at the "Exposició de Belles Arts del 1866" in Barcelona, where he presented his work "Els traginers" (The Porters). He later participated in the Barcelona exhibitions of 1870 and 1872, as well as one in Zaragoza in 1868, where he presented a series of landscapes depicting the hills of Montjuïc and Vallvidrera as well as some maritime paintings. His watercolors won a silver medal at an exposition in Salamanca.
From 1870 to 1882, he lived in Rome on a pension, granted by the First Republic, while he studied at the "Academia Española de Bellas Artes de Roma", a branch of the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando. At this time, he came under the influence of Marià Fortuny, but preserved his own style; especially his use of color.
His personal exhibition in Barcelona in 1884 was very popular. Narcís Oller praised his sense of naturalism and skill at history painting. At an exhibition in Madrid in 1890, one of his works was purchased by Queen María Cristina. In 1886, he became a regular contributor to the Sala Parés. His final work "El cavall més valent" (The Bravest Horse) was left unfinished at his death, but sold for 20,000 Pesetas. He died in Barcelona, aged 57.
Despite his reputation, his popularity quickly faded and a major retrospective at the Museu Municipal de Belles Arts de Barcelona (the predecessor of MNAC) in 1903 was poorly attended.
# Herne

Herne may refer to:

## Places
### Australia

* Herne Hill, Victoria
* Herne Hill, Western Australia, a suburb of Perth
* Riverwood, New South Wales, formerly known as Herne Bay

### England

* Herne, Kent, near the town of Herne Bay
* Herne Bay, seaside town located in southeastern Kent
* Herne Common, Kent
* Herne Hill in London

### Elsewhere

* Herne, Belgium
* Herne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
* Herne Bay, New Zealand, a suburb of Auckland

## Other uses

* Herne (surname)
* Herne the Hunter, an English mythological figure said to haunt Windsor Forest
# 2003 San Marino voting system referendum

A referendum on the voting system was held in San Marino on 3 August 2003. The proposed change would have reduced the number of preferential votes from three to one. Although it was approved by 80.72% of voters, the number voting in favour (8,755) did not pass the required quorum of 32% of all registered voters (10,105).

## Background

The original proposal was to only reduce the number of preferential votes for overseas voters. However, the Electoral Tribunal ruled on 10 June 2003, that this was inadmissible, as it differentiated between voters in the country and abroad.

## Results

| Choice | Votes | % |
| For | 8,755 | 80.72 |
| Against | 2,091 | 19.28 |
| Invalid/blank votes | 227 | – |
| Total | 11,073 | 100 |
| Registered voters/turnout | 31,577 | 35.07 |
| Source: Direct Democracy |||
# John Simpson Ford

John Simpson Ford FRSE (1866-17 March 1944) was a Scottish industrial chemist and microbiologist specialising in brewing who served as Technical Director of William Younger & Co. Scottish candidates for a Diploma in Brewing may apply for the J S Ford Award which is named in his honour.

## Life

He was born in Edinburgh in 1866. He studied at the Roya High School then was articled as an apprentice in 1880 under the Public Analyst, Falconer King. He then studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh but having won the Chemistry Medal (the Hope Prize) for his year (chemistry forming part of the medical course) was inspired to concentrate on chemistry instead. This was also partly inspired by the quality of his professor, Alexander Crum Brown.
Following graduation, in 1889 he was employed as a chemist by the brewer William Younger & Co. He remained with the firm for 55 years. During his time in the firm he made an important trip to Denmark to study Danish brewing techniques with Johan Kjeldahl and introduced the Kjeldahl method into British brewing. He also met Emil Christian Hansen and from him introduced new techniques in the use of yeast in beer. He independently worked out the importance of stabilisers and the impact of impurities such as copper or salt leaching during the process. He served as Vice President of the Institute of Brewing.
In 1892 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were Prof Alexander Crum Brown, Hugh Marshall, Leonard Dobbin and John Gibson. He was winner of the Horace Brown Medal.
In the early 20th century he lived at 4 Nile Grove in the Morningside district of southern Edinburgh. He died in Edinburgh on 17 March 1944 (some sources state 27 March).
# Sigurd Heimdal Rosnes

Sigurd Heimdal Røsnes (” Ziggy”) is a Norwegian songwriter and producer. He has worked with artists such as Cher, Luis Fonsi, Cliff Richard, Ace of Base, BoA, Kumi Koda, Namie Amuro, E-Girls, L5, A-Teens, Ch!pz, Sharon Kips, and Suzie McNeil. Sigurd Røsnes scored a #1 on Billboard´s Hot Dance Music with Cher's "A Different Kind of Love Song".

## Partial discography
### Cher

* "A Different Kind Of Love Song" (Michelle Lewis, Sigurd Røsnes, Johan Åberg) from the album Living Proof & The Very Best of Cher No#1 Billboard´s Hot Dance Music

### Cliff Richard

* "Everything That I Am" (Tom Nichols, Sigurd Rösnes, Martin Sjølie) from the album Rise Up #4 UK Albums

### Luis Fons]

* "Keep My Cool" ("Fuera de Control") (Sigurd Røsnes, Johan Åberg, Allan Rich, Clyde Lieberman) from the album Amor Secreto #1 Billboard Top Latin Albums

### E-Girls

* "Pink Champagne" (Sigurd Røsnes, Nemin Harambasic, Courtney Woolsey, Stephen Stahl, Rie Fujioka, Dominique Rodriguez) #1 Oricon Singles Chart (2016)

### Namie Amuro

* "Black Make-Up" (Sigurd Røsnes, Andreas Öberg, Xin Xin Gao) B-Side from the single "Red Carpet" #2 Oricon Chart Japan (2015) (Produced by Sigurd Rösnes)

### Kumi Koda

* "Dance In the Rain" (Ziggy, Koda Kumi, Her0ism, Melanie Fontana) from the album Walk of My Life #1 Oricon Chart Japan (2015)

### Nádine

* "Made Up My Mind" (Ziggy, Lindy Robbins, Manic) 1st single from the album This Time I Know

### BoA

* "No. 1" (Ziggy) from the album No. 1
* "Spark2" (Sigurd Røsnes, Johan Åberg, Allan Rich, Clyde Lieberman) from the album 'My Name
* "Touch" (Røsnes, Manic, Djuström, Jonsson) from the album Summer SMTown

### A-Teens

* "Rockin" (Røsnes, Pettersen, Eikemo) from the album Teen Spirit

### L5 (band)

* "Toutes Les Femmes De Ta Vie" (Steinberg, Røsnes, Åberg, Maïdi Roth, Doriand) from the album L5
* "Plaisir Extensible" (Ziggy, Åberg, Sandén, Lydy Louisy Joseph) from the album Turbulences

### Suzie McNeil

* "Broken & Beautiful" (Michelle Lewis, Sigurd Røsnes, Johan Åberg) from the album Broken & Beautiful

### Joy Williams (singer)

* "Touch of Fatel (Ty Lacy, Sigurd Røsnes, Johan Åberg) from the album Joy Williams

### Sharon Kips

* "Heartbreak Away" (Ziggy, Marjorie Maye, Nick Manic) 1st single from the album 10 #1 Holland Single Chart

### Ch!pz

* "Captain Hook" (Røsnes, Jaxx, Manic) -3:14 from the album Adventures Of Ch!pz
* "Christmas Time Is Here" (Røsnes, T.Nichols, Manic) from the album Past:Present:Future
* "High School Love" (Røsnes, Jaxx, Manic) from the album Past:Present:Future
* "1929" (Røsnes,Manic) from the album Past:Present:Future
* "Rockstar" (Røsnes, Jaxx, Manic) -3:10 from the album The World Of Ch!pz
* "The Biggest Show On Earth" (Røsnes,Manic) from the album The H!ts Collection
# Mario Monteforte Toledo

Mario Monteforte Toledo (September 15, 1911 – September 4, 2003) was a Guatemalan writer, dramatist, and politician. Born in Guatemala City, he played important roles in the governments of both Juan José Arévalo and Jacobo Arbenz, including periods as Ambassador to the United Nations between 1946 and 1947, as a deputy in the National Congress from 1947 to 1951, and being both President of the Congress and Vice-President between 1948 and 1949 before retiring from politics in 1951. With the fall of the Arbenz administration in 1954, Monteforte went into exile in Mexico until 1987.
A master of narrative prose, in 1993, Mario Monteforte was awarded the Guatemala National Prize in Literature for his body of work. He died of heart disease in Guatemala City.

## Published work
### Novels

* Anaité (1948)
* Entre la piedra y la cruz (1948)
* Donde acaban los caminos (1952)
* Una manera de morir (1958)
* Llegaron del mar (1966)
* Los desencontrados (1977)
* Unas vísperas muy largas (1996)
* Los adoradores de la muerte (2000)

### Short stories

* La cueva sin quietud (1949)
* Cuentos de derrota y esperanza (1962)
* Casi todos los cuentos (anthology) (1982
* Pascualito (children's story) (1991)
* La isla de las navajas (1993)
* Cuentos de la Biblia (2001)

### Essays

* Guatemala. Monografía sociológica (1959–1965)
* Las piedras vivas (1965)
* Centroamérica, subdesarrollo y dependencia (1973)
* Mirada sobre Latinoamérica (1975)
* Literatura, ideología y lenguaje (1983)
* Los signos del hombre (1984)
* Las formas y los días - El barroco en Guatemala (1989)
* Palabras del retorno (1992).
# Lower Bhavani Project Canal

Lower Bhavani Project Canal is a 201-kilometre (125 mi) long irrigation canal which runs in Erode district in Tamil Nadu, India. The canal is a valley-side contour canal, fed by Bhavanisagar Dam and irrigates 2.07 lakh hectares of land. The main canal feeds Thadapalli and Arakkankottai channels which irrigate the cultivable lands. The canal was the brainchild M.A Eswaran, member of the legislative assembly of the Erode constituency in the early 1950s.

## Opposition to Concrete Lining

In 2013, the government of Tamil Nadu took up the project of the concrete lining of the LBP canal, however, it was dropped after farmers heavily opposed it. Now again after several years, the government has planned to start this project , by just referring to renovation works which include concrete lining. According to many farmers, if the project gets started, it will severely affect the recharge of underground water, thereby posing a serious threat to the whole agriculture ecosystem and domestic water supply system and directly affecting lakhs of farmers and ordinary citizens living in the districts of Erode, Tiruppur and Karur. According to them, groundwater will not be replenished and the entire region will be turned into a desert.
Some farmers support concrete lining, but majority of farmers living in this region oppose concrete lining. These districts receive low rainfall and are classified as semi-arid regions and this canal is the only source of water for all the people living here. Several Panchayats and Municipalities depend on this canal for domestic water supply. Massive demonstrations and protests were also held against this concrete lining.