# Aleramici

The Aleramici were a Northern Italian noble and royal dynasty of Frankish origin which ruled various northwestern Italian territories in Piedmont and Liguria from the 10th to the 14th century, also reigning over the Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Kingdom of Thessalonica during the 12th and 13th centuries.
Their name derived from count Aleramo, proclaimed first Marquis of Central Liguria by emperor Otto the Great in 966. The Aleramici were divided in two main lines: the Marquises of Savona or Del Vasto, and the Marquises of Monferrato. In the 14th century the line of Monferrato ended in Irene of Montferrat, Empress of Constantinople, whilst the line of Savona carried on in multiple descending branches.

## History

The oldest known member of the lineage was the Frankish count Willehmus, a Burgundian who is thought to have gone to the Carolingian Kingdom of Italy around 888 or 889, possibly to aid Guy III of Spoleto in his quest for the Iron Crown of Lombardy. His son Aleramo, received from King Hugh of Italy the first feudal domains in Central Liguria in the year 933, later confirmed by Holy Roman Emperor Otto the Great, who in addition granted him and his descendants the hereditary title of Marchio or Margrave of the Holy Roman Empire.
The Aleramici formed one of the four imperial margraviates in the northern Kingdom of Italy, soon becoming one of the most powerful dynasties of the Middle Ages. Due to their ancestral Salic tradition, they divided their original territory into multiple marquisates, grouped into two main lines founded by Aleramo's two surviving sons: the Marquises of Savona, or del Vasto, descendants of the eldest son Anselmo, and the Marquises of Monferrato, descendants of the youngest son Otto. Despite their constant territorial division between the multiple male descendants, the Aleramici managed to maintain control over an important part of the Piedmont and the Eastern flank of the Ligurian Bay, forming powerful alliances throughout the ruling houses of Europe, including the Capetians and the Hohenstaufens.
The cadet line of Monferrato gained notable influence and power through their involvement in the Crusades, becoming kings and queens of Jerusalem, first by marriage and then by succession in the 12th century. Recognized as a royal lineage, the Aleramici of both lines married into numerous of royal dynasties, most notably the three Byzantine Imperial dynasties of Comnenus, Angelus and Palaeologus, with whom they formed their most important alliance. As a result of the Fourth Crusade, the Aleramici founded the Latin Kingdom of Thessalonica, then replaced by the Empire of Thessalonica. During this period, two women of the Monferrato line held the title of "Empress Consort" of the Eastern Roman Empire (Empress Agnes and Empress Irene). By the 14th century the Marquisate of Monferrato passed to Theodore I Paleologus, son of Empress Irene, last of the Aleramici of Monferrato.
Despite the extinction of their cadet branch, the Aleramici survived the Middle Ages through the multiple descending branches of the Marquises of Savona, including the Marquises of Saluzzo (from 1135 to 1548), Finale (ruled by the Aleramici del Carreto from 1135 to 1602), Ceva, Busca, Clavesana, Loreto, Bosco, Belforte, Ussecio, Pareto, Varazze, Ponzone, amongst others, whose domains were mostly absorbed by the Republic of Genoa between the 12th and 14th centuries. Only the Marquises of Finale and the Marquises of Saluzzo continued to rule over part of the original Aleramician domains until the 16th century.

## Rulers of the Aleramic dynasty
### Aleramic dynasty
#### Partitions of Liguria under Aleramic rule

Marquisate of Liguria (924-991) :
| Marquisate of Western Liguria (991-1125) | Marquisate of Western Liguria (991-1125) | Marquisate of Western Liguria (991-1125) | Marquisate of Western Liguria (991-1125) | Marquisate of Western Liguria (991-1125) | Marquisate of Western Liguria (991-1125) | Marquisate of Western Liguria (991-1125) | | | |
| Marquisate of Western Liguria (991-1125) | Marquisate of Western Liguria (991-1125) | Marquisate of Western Liguria (991-1125) | Marquisate of Western Liguria (991-1125) | Marquisate of Western Liguria (991-1125) | Marquisate of Western Liguria (991-1125) | Marquisate of Western Liguria (991-1125) | | | Marquisate of Occimiano (991-1275) |
| Marquisate of Western Liguria (991-1125) | Marquisate of Western Liguria (991-1125) | Marquisate of Western Liguria (991-1125) | Marquisate of Western Liguria (991-1125) | Marquisate of Western Liguria (991-1125) | Marquisate of Western Liguria (991-1125) | Marquisate of Western Liguria (991-1125) | Marquisate of Rocchetta (1084-1203) | Marquisate of Eastern Liguria Evolved as: Marquisate of Montferrat (991-1306) | Marquisate of Occimiano (991-1275) |
| | Marquisate of Busca (Lancia branch) (1125-1281) | Marquisate of Ceva (1125-1313) | Marquisate of Clavesana (1125-1385) | Marquisate of Finale (Del Carretto branch) (1125-1566) | Marquisate of Finale (Del Carretto branch) (1125-1566) | | Marquisate of Rocchetta (1084-1203) | Marquisate of Eastern Liguria Evolved as: Marquisate of Montferrat (991-1306) | Marquisate of Occimiano (991-1275) |
| Marquisate of Occimiano (991-1275) ||
| Evolved as: Marquisate of Saluzzo (Del Vasto branch) (1125-1548) | Evolved as: Marquisate of Saluzzo (Del Vasto branch) (1125-1548) | Marquisate of Ceva (1125-1313) | Marquisate of Clavesana (1125-1385) | Marquisate of Finale (Del Carretto branch) (1125-1566) | Marquisate of Finale (Del Carretto branch) (1125-1566) | Marquisate of Incisa (1125-1548) | Marquisate of Incisa (1125-1548) | | |
| Inherited by Palaiologos dynasty (1306-1536) ||
| Evolved as: Marquisate of Saluzzo (Del Vasto branch) (1125-1548) | Evolved as: Marquisate of Saluzzo (Del Vasto branch) (1125-1548) | Acquired by the House of Savoy | Marquisate of Clavesana (1125-1385) | Marquisate of Finale (Del Carretto branch) (1125-1566) | Marquisate of Finale (Del Carretto branch) (1125-1566) | Marquisate of Incisa (1125-1548) | Marquisate of Incisa (1125-1548) | Inherited by Palaiologos dynasty (1306-1536) | Inherited by Palaiologos dynasty (1306-1536) |
| Evolved as: Marquisate of Saluzzo (Del Vasto branch) (1125-1548) | Evolved as: Marquisate of Saluzzo (Del Vasto branch) (1125-1548) | Acquired by the House of Savoy | Divided between the House of Savoy, the Marquisate of Finale and the Genoese Republic | Marquisate of Finale (Del Carretto branch) (1125-1566) | Marquisate of Finale (Del Carretto branch) (1125-1566) | Marquisate of Incisa (1125-1548) | Marquisate of Incisa (1125-1548) | Inherited by Palaiologos dynasty (1306-1536) | Inherited by Palaiologos dynasty (1306-1536) |
| Evolved as: Marquisate of Saluzzo (Del Vasto branch) (1125-1548) | Evolved as: Marquisate of Saluzzo (Del Vasto branch) (1125-1548) | Acquired by the House of Savoy | Divided between the House of Savoy, the Marquisate of Finale and the Genoese Republic | | Marquisate of Zuccarello (Del Carretto branch) (1412-1631) | Marquisate of Incisa (1125-1548) | Marquisate of Incisa (1125-1548) | Inherited by Palaiologos dynasty (1306-1536) | Inherited by Palaiologos dynasty (1306-1536) |
| Inherited by the House of Gonzaga (from 1536) ||
| Inherited by the House of Gonzaga ||||
| Annexed to France | Annexed to France | Acquired by the House of Savoy | Divided between the House of Savoy, the Marquisate of Finale and the Genoese Republic | Annexed to Spain | Marquisate of Zuccarello (Del Carretto branch) (1412-1631) | Inherited by the House of Gonzaga | Inherited by the House of Gonzaga | Inherited by the House of Gonzaga | Inherited by the House of Gonzaga |
| Annexed to France | Annexed to France | Acquired by the House of Savoy | Divided between the House of Savoy, the Marquisate of Finale and the Genoese Republic | Annexed to Spain | Annexed to the Genoese Republic | Inherited by the House of Gonzaga | Inherited by the House of Gonzaga | Inherited by the House of Gonzaga | Inherited by the House of Gonzaga |

#### Table of rulers

| Ruler | Ruler | Born | Reign | Ruling part | Consort | Death | Notes |
| Guglielmo I | | c.900? | 924-933 | Marquisate of Liguria | Unknown one child | 933 aged 32–33? | A Frankish count and the oldest known member of the family. His title of Marquis is usually given in retrospection: it's possible that he never used the title. |
| Aleramo | | c.920? Son of Guglielmo I | 933-991 | Marquisate of Liguria | Adelaide three children Gerberga of Italy c.960 no children | 991 aged 70–71? | Invested with fiefs in 938, when he is firstly documented. |
| Guglielmo II | | c.940? First son of Aleramo and Adelaide | c.960-961 | Marquisate of Liguria | Unmarried | 961 aged 20–21? | Ruled alongside his father. |
| Anselmo I | | c.940? Second son of Aleram and Adelaide | 991-998 | Marquisate of Western Liguria | Gisela of Milan four children | 998 aged 57–58? | Younger children of Aleramo, ruled alongside his father at least since 983. After Aleramo's death the brothers made a division in their inheritance. |
| Oddone I | | c.940? Third son of Aleramo and Adelaide | 991 | Marquisate of Eastern Liguria | ? of Piacenza four children | 991 aged 50–51? | Younger children of Aleramo, ruled alongside his father at least since 983. After Aleramo's death the brothers made a division in their inheritance. |
| Guglielmo III | | c.970? First son of Oddone I | 991-c.1040 | Marquisate of Eastern Liguria | Waza c.1030 four children | c.1040 aged 69–70? | Children of Oddone, divided their inheritance. |
| Riprando I | | c.970? Second son of Oddone I | 991-c.1020 | Marquisate of Occimiano | Unknown at least one child | c.1020 aged 49–50? | Children of Oddone, divided their inheritance. |
| Anselmo II | | c.960? Second son of Anselmo I and Gisela of Milan | 998-c.1025 | Marquisate of Western Liguria | Adela of Milan three children | c.1025 aged 64–65? | |
| Oddone | | c.990 Son of Riprando I | c.1020-1050 | Marquisate of Occimiano | Unknown three children | c.1050 aged 59–60? | |
| Oddone | | c.990? First son of Anselmo II and Adela of Milan | c.1025-1060 | Marquisate of Western Liguria | Bertha of Turin 1036 six children | c.1060 aged 69–70? | |
| Oddone II | | 1015 First son of Guglielmo III and Waza | c.1040 – 20 November 1084 | Marquisate of Eastern Liguria | Costanza of Savoy two children | 20 November 1084 aged 50–51? | Children of Guglielmo III, ruled jointly. |
| Enrico | | c.1015 Second son of Guglielmo III and Waza | c.1040-1045 | Marquisate of Eastern Liguria | Unmarried | 1045 aged 29–30 | Children of Guglielmo III, ruled jointly. |
| Oberto I | | c.1040? Son of Oddone | c.1050-1115 | Marquisate of Occimiano | Unknown four children | c.1115 aged 74–75? | |
| Bonifazio | | 1055 Savona Third son of Oddone and Bertha of Turin | c.1060-1125 | Marquisate of Western Liguria | ? of Incisa seven children Agnes of Vermandois (1085-c.1130) six children | 1125 aged 69–70? | After his death, his large inheritance was thoroughly divided between his sons. |
| Guglielmo IV | | c.1030 First son of Oddone II and Costanza of Savoy | 20 November 1084 – 1100 | Marquisate of Eastern Liguria | Emma of Apulia one child Otta di Agledo two children | 1100 aged 69–70? | |
| Rainerio | | 1075 Second son of Guglielmo IV and Otta di Agledo | 1100-1137 | Marquisate of Montferrat | Gisela of Burgundy 1105 five children | 1137 aged 61–62 | Children of Guglielmo IV, divided their inheritance. Rainerio was the first to be titled Marquis of Montferrat. |
| Enrico Balbo | | c.1060 Second son of Guglielmo IV and Otta di Agledo | 1100-1127 | Marquisate of Rocchetta | Unknown one child | c.1127 aged 32–33? | Children of Guglielmo IV, divided their inheritance. Rainerio was the first to be titled Marquis of Montferrat. |
| Oberto II | | c.1090? Son of Oberto I | c.1115-1145 | Marquisate of Occimiano | Berta-Adelasia c.1125 five children | c.1145 aged 56–57? | |
| Manfredo I | | c.1110? Savona First son of Bonifacio | 1125-1175 | Marquisate of Saluzzo | Eleonora of Arborea six children | 1175 Saluzzo aged 64–65? | Children of Bonifazio, divided their inheritance. Ugo left no children and was succeeded by a nephew (son of Anselmo III). |
| Anselmo III | | c.1110? Second son of Bonifacio | 1125-1178 | Marquisate of Ceva | Unknown two children | c.1178 aged 67–68? | Children of Bonifazio, divided their inheritance. Ugo left no children and was succeeded by a nephew (son of Anselmo III). |
| Ugo | | c.1110? Third son of Bonifacio | 1125-1170 | Marquisate of Clavesana | Unmarried | c.1170 aged 59–60? | Children of Bonifazio, divided their inheritance. Ugo left no children and was succeeded by a nephew (son of Anselmo III). |
| Guglielmo I | | c.1110? Fifth son of Bonifacio | 1125-1140 | Marquisate of Busca | Unknown two children | c.1140 aged 29–30? | Children of Bonifazio, divided their inheritance. Ugo left no children and was succeeded by a nephew (son of Anselmo III). |
| Bernardo | | c.1080? Son of Enrico | 1127-1135 | Marquisate of Rocchetta | Unknown one child | c.1135 aged 54–55? | |
| Domicella | | c.1120? Daughter of Bernardo | 1135-1203 | Marquisate of Rocchetta | Alberto I, Marquis of Incisa six children | 1203 Incisa aged 82–83? | |
| Rocchetta annexed to Incisa ||||||||
| Guglielmo V the Elder | | 1110 First son of Rainerio and Gisela of Burgundy | 1137-1191 | Marquisate of Montferrat | Judith of Austria 1133 nine children | 1191 Tyre, Lebanonaged 50–51? | |
| Manfredo I | | c.1130? First son of Guglielmo I | 1140-1187 | Marquisate of Busca | Unknown one child | 1187 aged 56–57? | Siblings, possibly held the marquisate jointly, and founded two branches who apparently ruled concurrently, or jointly, the marquisate. |
| Berengario | | c.1140? Second son of Guglielmo I | 1140-1211/14 | Marquisate of Busca | Emilia four children | 1211/14 aged 71–74? | Siblings, possibly held the marquisate jointly, and founded two branches who apparently ruled concurrently, or jointly, the marquisate. |
| Guglielmo I | | c.1110? First son of Oberto II and Berta-Adelasia | c.1145-1150 | Marquisate of Occimiano | Galiana c.1145 no children | c.1150 aged 39–40? | Children of Oberto II, shared power, or at least shared, in documents, the title of marquis. |
| Oberto III | | c.1110? Fifth son of Oberto I | c.1145-1150 | Marquisate of Occimiano | Unmarried | c.1150 aged 39–40? | Children of Oberto II, shared power, or at least shared, in documents, the title of marquis. |
| Enrico | | c.1130? First grandson of Oberto I | c.1150-1180 | Marquisate of Occimiano | Unknown ? children | c.1180 aged 49–50? | Grandchildren of Oberto I (sons of a son or daughter of this marquis), and nephews of Oberto II. They shared power, or at least, in documents, the title of marquis. |
| Bernardo | | c.1130? Second grandson of Oberto II and Berta-Adelasia | c.1150-1180 | Marquisate of Occimiano | Unmarried | c.1180 aged 49–50? | Grandchildren of Oberto I (sons of a son or daughter of this marquis), and nephews of Oberto II. They shared power, or at least, in documents, the title of marquis. |
| Manfredo II | | c.1140 Saluzzo First son of Manfredo I and Eleonora of Arborea | 1175 – February 1215 | Marquisate of Saluzzo | Adelasia of Montferrat 1182 four children | February 1215 Saluzzo aged 74–75? | |
| Guglielmo I | | c.1140? First son of Anselmo III | 1178-1205 | Marquisate of Ceva | ? of Vento five children | c.1205 aged 64–65? | Children of Anselmo III, divided their inheritance: Guglielmo inherited his father's domains at Ceva; Bonifazio inherited his uncle Ugo's marquisate at Clavesana. |
| Bonifazio I | | c.1140? Second son of Anselmo III | 1170-1221 | Marquisate of Clavesana | Unknown three children | 1221 aged 80–81? | Children of Anselmo III, divided their inheritance: Guglielmo inherited his father's domains at Ceva; Bonifazio inherited his uncle Ugo's marquisate at Clavesana. |
| Anselmo I | | c.1170? First grandson of Enrico (?) | c.1180-1205 | Marquisate of Occimiano | Unknown | c.1205 aged 34–35? | Possibly grandchildren of Enrico, ruled jointly. |
| Guglielmo II the Monk | | c.1170? Second grandson of Enrico (?) | c.1180-1230 | Marquisate of Occimiano | Unknown | c.1230 aged 59–60? | Possibly grandchildren of Enrico, ruled jointly. |
| Corrado | | c.1170? Third grandson of Enrico (?) | c.1180-1200 | Marquisate of Occimiano | Unknown | c.1205? aged 34–35? | Possibly grandchildren of Enrico, ruled jointly. |
| Anselmo II Camar | | c.1170? Fourth grandson of Enrico (?) | c.1180-1205 | Marquisate of Occimiano | Unknown one child? | c.1205? aged 34–35? | Possibly grandchildren of Enrico, ruled jointly. |
| Corrado | | 1140 Montferrat Second son of Guglielmo V and Judith of Austria | 1191 – 28 April 1192 | Marquisate of Montferrat | Unknown no children Theodora Angelina (d.c.1195) 1187 (separated May/June 1187)no children Isabella I, Queen of Jerusalem 24 November 1190 one child | 28 April 1192 Tyre, Lebanon aged 51–52 | Also King of Jerusalem by right of his wife. |
| Bonifacio I | | 1140 Montferrat Second son of Guglielmo V and Judith of Austria | 28 April 1192 – 4 September 1207 | Marquisate of Montferrat | Elena of Bosco (1145-1204) c.1170 three children Jeanne of Châtillon no children Margaret of Hungary May 1204 Constantinople one child | 4 September 1207 Tyre, Lebanon aged 50–51? | Laid also claim on the Kingdom of Thessalonica, ruling it effectively from 1205, after the Sack of Constantinople. During his reign in Montferrat, he encouraged the development of literature, inviting many troubadours to his court. |
| Guglielmo II | | c.1160? First son of Guglielmo I | 1205-1230 | Marquisate of Ceva | Maria of Saluzzo one child | c.1230 aged 69–70? | Son-in-law of Manfredo II of Saluzzo, and father-in-law of Tommaso I of Saluzzo. |
| Guglielmo VI | | 1173 Montferrat First son of Bonifacio I and Elena of Bosco | 4 September 1207 – 17 September 1225 | Marquisate of Montferrat | Sophia of Hohenstaufen (d.1187/88) 1187 no children Berta of Clavesana 9 August 1202 three children | 17 September 1225 Almyros aged 51–52 | |
| Manfredo II | | c.1150? First son of Manfredo I | 1211/14-1215 | Marquisate of Busca | Bianca Maletta eight children | 1215 aged 64–65? | Cousins, possibly held the marquisate jointly. In spite of Manfred III having children, they stopped claiming co-rulership in the marquisate, which was then held exclusively by Berengar's line. |
| Guglielmo II | | c.1160? First son of Berengario and Emilia | 1211/14 – 5 April 1233 | Marquisate of Busca | Audisia thee children | 5 April 1233 aged 72–73? | Cousins, possibly held the marquisate jointly. In spite of Manfred III having children, they stopped claiming co-rulership in the marquisate, which was then held exclusively by Berengar's line. |
| Manfredo III | | c.1180? First son of Manfredo II and Bianca Maletta | 1215-1248 | Marquisate of Busca | Unknown three children | 1248 Asti aged 67–68? | Cousins, possibly held the marquisate jointly. In spite of Manfred III having children, they stopped claiming co-rulership in the marquisate, which was then held exclusively by Berengar's line. |
| Regency of Adelasia of Montferrat (1215-1218) | Regency of Adelasia of Montferrat (1215-1218) | Regency of Adelasia of Montferrat (1215-1218) | Regency of Adelasia of Montferrat (1215-1218) | Regency of Adelasia of Montferrat (1215-1218) | Regency of Adelasia of Montferrat (1215-1218) | Regency of Adelasia of Montferrat (1215-1218) | Grandson of Manfredo II. |
| Manfredo III | | 1204 Saluzzo Son of Bonifacio of Saluzzo and Maria of Torres | February 1215 – 29 October 1244 | Marquisate of Saluzzo | Beatrice of Savoy March 1233 four children | 29 October 1244 Saluzzo aged 39–40 | Grandson of Manfredo II. |
| Bonifazio II Tagliaferro | | c.1180? First son of Bonifazio I | 1221-1237 | Marquisate of Clavesana | Unmarried | 1237 aged 56–57? | Children of Bonifazio I, ruled jointly. |
| Oddone I | | c.1180? Second son of Bonifazio I | 1221 - 16 September 1233 | Marquisate of Clavesana | Mabilia (d. 16 June 1248/14 March 1251) six children | 1233 aged 52–53? | Children of Bonifazio I, ruled jointly. |
| Berta | | 1182 Daughter of Bonifazio I | 1221-1224 | Marquisate of Clavesana (at Mombarcaro and Cortemiglia) | Guglielmo VI, Marquis of Montferrat 9 August 1202 three children | 1224 aged 41–42 | Children of Bonifazio I, ruled jointly. |
| Bonifacio II the Giant | | July 1202 Montferrat First son of Guglielmo VI and Berta of Clavesana | 17 September 1225 – 12 May 1253 | Marquisate of Montferrat | Margherita of Savoy (I) (d.1254)c.1235 three children | 12 May 1253 Moncalvo aged 50 | |
| Giorgio I | | c.1190? Second son of Guglielmo I | 1230 – 10 June 1268 | Marquisate of Ceva | Unknown two children | 10 June 1268 aged 77–78? | |
| Aleramo | | c.1190? Son of Anselmo II (?) | c.1230-1265 | Marquisate of Occimiano | Unknown two children | c.1265 aged 74–75? | |
| Bonifazio III | | c.1210? First son of Oddone I and Mabilia | 1237-1268 | Marquisate of Clavesana | Unmarried | 1237 aged 56–57? | Children of Oddone I, ruled jointly. |
| Emmanuele I | | c.1210? Second son of Oddone I and Mabilia | 1237-1297 | Marquisate of Clavesana | Unknown two children | 1297 aged 86–87? | Children of Oddone I, ruled jointly. |
| Regencies of Beatrice of Savoy (1244) and Boniface II, Marquis of Montferrat (1244-1253) | Regencies of Beatrice of Savoy (1244) and Boniface II, Marquis of Montferrat (1244-1253) | Regencies of Beatrice of Savoy (1244) and Boniface II, Marquis of Montferrat (1244-1253) | Regencies of Beatrice of Savoy (1244) and Boniface II, Marquis of Montferrat (1244-1253) | Regencies of Beatrice of Savoy (1244) and Boniface II, Marquis of Montferrat (1244-1253) | Regencies of Beatrice of Savoy (1244) and Boniface II, Marquis of Montferrat (1244-1253) | Regencies of Beatrice of Savoy (1244) and Boniface II, Marquis of Montferrat (1244-1253) | |
| Tommaso I | | 1239 Saluzzo First son of Manfredo III and Beatrice of Savoy | 29 October 1244 – 3 December 1296 | Marquisate of Saluzzo | Luisa of Ceva (d.22 August 1291) c.1260 fifteen children | 3 December 1296 Saluzzo aged 64–65? | |
| Enrico | | c.1190? First son of Guglielmo II and Audisia | 1248-1281 | Marquisate of Busca | Rufina three children | 1281 aged 70–71? | Siblings and last known marquises. Ruled with Manfredo III since their father's death in 1233. |
| Oddone | | c.1190? Second son of Guglielmo II and Audisia | 1248-c.1250? | Marquisate of Busca | Unmarried | c.1250? aged 39–40? | Siblings and last known marquises. Ruled with Manfredo III since their father's death in 1233. |
| Busca annexed to Saluzzo ||||||||
| Regency of Margherita of Savoy (I) (1253-1257) | Regency of Margherita of Savoy (I) (1253-1257) | Regency of Margherita of Savoy (I) (1253-1257) | Regency of Margherita of Savoy (I) (1253-1257) | Regency of Margherita of Savoy (I) (1253-1257) | Regency of Margherita of Savoy (I) (1253-1257) | Regency of Margherita of Savoy (I) (1253-1257) | |
| Guglielmo VII the Great | | 1240 Trino Son of Bonifacio II and Margherita of Savoy (I) | 12 May 1253 – 6 February 1292 | Marquisate of Montferrat | Isabel de Clare (1240-1270) July 1258 Lyon two children Beatrice of Castile August 1271 Murcia seven children | 6 February 1292 Alessandria aged 51–52 | |
| Oberto IV | | c.1210? First son of Aleramo (?) | c.1265-1275 | Marquisate of Occimiano | Unknown | c.1275 aged 74–75? | Children of Aleramo, ruled jointly. |
| Bonifazio | | c.1210? Son of Aleramo (?) | c.1265-1275 | Marquisate of Occimiano | Unknown | c.1275 aged 74–75? | Children of Aleramo, ruled jointly. |
| Occimiano re-merged in Montferrat ||||||||
| Giorgio II | | c.1250? First son of Giorgio I | 10 June 1268 – 22 February 1313 | Marquisate of Ceva | Unknown two children | 1324 aged 73–74? | In 1313, Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor, gave the marquisate to the duke of Savoy. This meant the loss of independence of the various branches that descended from Giorgio II. The marquisate itself met its end in 1427, when it was absorbed officially by Savoy. |
| Ceva annexed to Savoy ||||||||
| Giovanni I the Just | | 1277 Milan Third son of Guglielmo VII and Beatrice of Castile | 6 February 1292 – 9 January 1305 | Marquisate of Montferrat | Margherita of Savoy (II) 23 March 1296 no children | 9 January 1305 Montferrat aged 27–28 | Left no descendants. |
| Manfredo IV | | 1262 Saluzzo First son of Tommaso I and Luisa of Ceva | 3 December 1296 – 29 July 1332 | Marquisate of Saluzzo | Beatrice of Sicily 1287 two children Isabella Doria 1308 five children | 16 September 1340 Cortemilia aged 77–78 | In 1332, after a war between his children over the succession, Manfredo signed a treaty with Amadeus VI, Count of Savoy, in which he abdicated to his eldest son, Federico. |
| Oddone II | | c.1250? First son of Emmanuele I | 1297-1308 | Marquisate of Clavesana | ? Spinola one child | 1308 aged 57–58? | Children of Emmanuele I, ruled jointly. |
| Francesco | | c.1250? Second son of Emmanuele I | 1297-1310 | Marquisate of Clavesana | Giacomina two children | 1310 aged 59–60? | Children of Emmanuele I, ruled jointly. |
| Violante-Irene | | 1274 Casale Monferrato First daughter of Guglielmo VII and Beatrice of Castile | 9 January 1305 – 1306 | Marquisate of Montferrat | Andronikos II Palaiologos 1284 (separated 1303) seven children | 1317 Constantinople aged 42–43 | Inherited the marquisate from her brother in 1305, and tried to propose her eldest son to succeed her brother, but got rejected by Patriarch Athanasius I of Constantinople. Given that she inherited the marquisate, it's probable that she ruled in Montferrat between the death of her brother and the arrival of the chosen successor of John, her son Theodore. Yolande was also Eastern Roman Empress consort at Constantinople. |
| Montferrat inherited by the Palaiologos dynasty ||||||||
| Regency of Oberto Spinola (1310-1314?) | Regency of Oberto Spinola (1310-1314?) | Regency of Oberto Spinola (1310-1314?) | Regency of Oberto Spinola (1310-1314?) | Regency of Oberto Spinola (1310-1314?) | Regency of Oberto Spinola (1310-1314?) | Regency of Oberto Spinola (1310-1314?) | The marquisate was probably ruled by Federico (Oddone's son) and Argentina and Caterina, Francesco's daughters. As Argentina and Caterina's children were also known as Marquis of Clavesana, it's possible that, at this point, the three ruled jointly, or they divided the marquisate between them. |
| Federico | | c.1300? Only son of Oddone II and ? Spinola | 1310-1363 | Marquisate of Clavesana (1/3) | Unknown two children | 1363 aged 62–63? | The marquisate was probably ruled by Federico (Oddone's son) and Argentina and Caterina, Francesco's daughters. As Argentina and Caterina's children were also known as Marquis of Clavesana, it's possible that, at this point, the three ruled jointly, or they divided the marquisate between them. |
| Argentina | | c.1300? First daughter of Francesco and Giacomina | 1310-1355 | Marquisate of Clavesana (1/3) | Rafaele Doria no children ? of Saluzzo one child | c.1355 aged 54–55? | The marquisate was probably ruled by Federico (Oddone's son) and Argentina and Caterina, Francesco's daughters. As Argentina and Caterina's children were also known as Marquis of Clavesana, it's possible that, at this point, the three ruled jointly, or they divided the marquisate between them. |
| Caterina | | c.1300? Second daughter of Francesco and Giacomina | 1310-1350 | Marquisate of Clavesana (1/3) | Enrico del Carretto (d.22 April 1328/8 May 1340) two children | c.1350? aged 49–50? | The marquisate was probably ruled by Federico (Oddone's son) and Argentina and Caterina, Francesco's daughters. As Argentina and Caterina's children were also known as Marquis of Clavesana, it's possible that, at this point, the three ruled jointly, or they divided the marquisate between them. |
| Federico I | | 1287 Savona Son of Manfredo IV and Beatrice of Sicily | 29 July 1332 – 29 June 1336 | Marquisate of Saluzzo | Margaret of Viennois 1303 two children Giacomina di Biandrate 21 June 1333 no children | 29 June 1336 Saluzzo aged 64–65? | From 1330, fought with his younger half-brother Manfredo, who their father had favoured and designated successor with the influence of Federico's stepmother Isabella Doria. The treaty with the count of Savoy (1332) made his father abdicate and give the land to him. |
| Tommaso II | | 1304 Saluzzo Son of Federico I and Margaret of Viennois | 29 June 1336 – 1341 1342 – 18 August 1357 | Marquisate of Saluzzo | Ricciarda of Milan 1329 eleven children | 18 August 1357 Saluzzo aged 52–53 | Became involved in his father's previous war of succession, as his uncle Manfredo came back to reclaim power once more. However, his uncle's victory was short-lived, and he recovered the throne not long after. |
| Manfredo V | | c.1310? Saluzzo Second son of Manfredo IV and Isabella Doria | 1341-1342 | Marquisate of Saluzzo | Eleonora of Savoy 1333 eight children | 1392 Pavia aged 81–82? | After the war with his brother and subsequent exile, he managed to take power from his nephew. However, he was eventually persuaded by the House of Visconti to abandon his claim on Saluzzo. |
| Federico II | | 1332 Saluzzo First son of Tommaso II and Ricciarda of Milan | 18 August 1357 – 1396 | Marquisate of Saluzzo | Beatrice of Geneva 1360 nine children | 1396 Saluzzo aged 63–64 | |
| Emmanuele II | | c.1320? Only son of Federico | 1363-1385 | Marquisate of Clavesana (1/3) | Andriola three children | 1385 aged 64–65? | After his death, what was left on the marquisate on the male line was divided between Savoy, the Republic of Genoa, and the Marquisate of Finale. |
| Clavesana divided between Savoy, Finale and the Republic of Genoa ||||||||
| Tommaso III | | 1356 Saluzzo First son of Federico II and Beatrice of Geneva | 1396-1416 | Marquisate of Saluzzo | Margaret of Roucy 1403 five children | 1416 Saluzzo aged 59–60 | |
| Regency of Margaret of Roucy and Valerano of Saluzzo (1416-1424) | Regency of Margaret of Roucy and Valerano of Saluzzo (1416-1424) | Regency of Margaret of Roucy and Valerano of Saluzzo (1416-1424) | Regency of Margaret of Roucy and Valerano of Saluzzo (1416-1424) | Regency of Margaret of Roucy and Valerano of Saluzzo (1416-1424) | Regency of Margaret of Roucy and Valerano of Saluzzo (1416-1424) | Regency of Margaret of Roucy and Valerano of Saluzzo (1416-1424) | |
| Ludovico I | | 1405 Saluzzo First son of Tommaso III and Margaret of Roucy | 1416 – 15 April 1475 | Marquisate of Saluzzo | Isabella Palaiologina of Montferrat 7 August 1435 nine children | 15 April 1475 Saluzzo aged 69–70 | |
| Ludovico II | | 23 March 1438 Saluzzo Second son of Ludovico I and Isabella Palaiologina of Montferrat | 15 April 1475 – 27 January 1504 | Marquisate of Saluzzo | Giovanna Palaiologina of Montferrat August 1481 one child Margaret of Foix-Candale 1492 five children | 27 January 1504 Genoa aged 65 | |
| Regency of Margaret of Foix-Candale (1504-1522) | Regency of Margaret of Foix-Candale (1504-1522) | Regency of Margaret of Foix-Candale (1504-1522) | Regency of Margaret of Foix-Candale (1504-1522) | Regency of Margaret of Foix-Candale (1504-1522) | Regency of Margaret of Foix-Candale (1504-1522) | Regency of Margaret of Foix-Candale (1504-1522) | Left no descendants. The marquisate passed to his brothers. |
| Michele Antonio | | 26 March 1495 Saluzzo First son of Ludovico II and Margaret of Foix-Candale | 27 January 1504 – 18 October 1528 | Marquisate of Saluzzo | Unmarried | 18 October 1528 Aversa aged 33 | Left no descendants. The marquisate passed to his brothers. |
| Giovanni Ludovico | | 21 October 1496 Saluzzo Second son of Ludovico II and Margaret of Foix-Candale | 18 October 1528 – 2 June 1529 | Marquisate of Saluzzo | Unmarried | 1563 Beaufort-en-Vallée aged 66–67 | In 1529, he was forced to abdicate to his younger brother by Francis I of France. |
| Francesco Ludovico | | 25 February 1498 Saluzzo Third son of Ludovico II and Margaret of Foix-Candale | 2 June 1529 – 28 March 1537 | Marquisate of Saluzzo | Unmarried | 28 March 1537 Carmagnola aged 39 | Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his younger brother. |
| Gabriele | | 26 September 1501 Saluzzo Fifth son of Ludovico II and Margaret of Foix-Candale | 28 March 1537 – 29 July 1548 | Marquisate of Saluzzo | Madeleine d'Annebault no children | 29 July 1548 Pinerolo aged 46 | Last marquis of the family in Saluzzo. After his death the marquisate was annexed to France. |
| Saluzzo annexed by France ||||||||

## Gallery

* Marriage of Conrad of Montferrat and Isabella I of Jerusalem
* Coin depicting Irene of Montferrat as Eastern Roman Empress
* Several marquises of del Vasto at Castello della Manta
* Castel Gavone of the Marquises of Finale
* Castello di Savona

## Family tree

* Aleramici
* Aleramo (958–991) I Marquis of Central Liguria married 1. Adelaide 2. Gerberga of Ivrea (daughter of Berengar II, king of Lombardy)
* William II, Marquess of Montferrat co-ruler with his father (no offspring)
* Anselmo I founder of the main branch Aleramici de Savona or del Vasto
* Anselmo II
* Otto marquess of Western Liguria
* Boniface del Vasto marquess of Western Liguria
* Manfred I, Marquess of Saluzzo (1125–1175) married Eleanor
* Manfred II, Marquess of Saluzzo (1175–1215) married Azalaïs of Montferrat (daughter of William V, Marquess of Montferrat)
* Boniface married Maria Torres (daughter of Comita III, guidice in Sardinia)
* Manfred III, Marquess of Saluzzo (1215–1244) married Beatrice of Savoy (daughter of Amadeus IV, Count of Savoy)
* Thomas I, Marquess of Saluzzo (1244–1296) married Luigia/Aloisia di Ceva
* Manfred IV, Marquess of Saluzzo (1296–1330) married 1.Beatrice of Hohenstaufen (daughter of Manfred, King of Sicily) 2.Isabella Doria (daughter of Bernabo Doria)
* Manfred V, Marquess of Saluzzo (1330–1332)
* Frederick I, Marquess of Saluzzo (1330–1336) married Margarete de La Tour-du-Pin (daughter of Humbert I of Viennois)
* Thomas II, Marquess of Saluzzo (1336–57) married Richarda Visconti (daughter of Galeazzo I, lord of Milan)
* Frederick II, Marquess of Saluzzo (1357–1396) married Beatrice (daughter of Hugh of Geneve)
* Thomas III, Marquess of Saluzzo (1396–1416)
* Ricciarda married Niccolò III d'Este, Marquis of Ferrara
* Ludovico I, Marquess of Saluzzo (1416–1475) married 1.Isabella Palaiologo (daughter of John Jacob, Marquess of Montferrat)
* Ludovico II, Marquess of Saluzzo (1475–1504) married 1.Giovanna Palaiologo (daughter of William VIII, Marquess of Montferrat) 2.Margaret de Foix (daughter of Jean, count of Candale)
* Michele Antonio, Marquess of Saluzzo (1504–1528)
* Giovanni Ludovico, Marquess of Saluzzo (1528–1529)
* Francesco of Saluzzo (1529–1537)
* Gian Gabriele I of Saluzzo (1537–1548) king Henry II annexed Saluzzo to France
* Otto I, Marquess of Montferrat (d. 991), founder of the cadet branch of Montferrat
* William III, Marquess of Montferrat (991–1042) married Wasa
* Otto II, Marquess of Montferrat (1042–1084)  married Constance of Savoy (daughter of Amadeus II, Count of Savoy)
* William IV, Marquess of Montferrat (1084–1100)  married Otta di Aglie
* Rainier, Marquess of Montferrat (1100–1136)  married Gisela of Ivrea (daughter of William I, Count of Burgundy)
* Giovanne married William Clito of Normandy, count of Flanders
* William V, Marquess of Montferrat the old (1136–1191)  married Judith of Babenberg (daughter of Leopold III, Margrave of Austria)
* William of Montferrat, Count of Jaffa and Ascalon the longsword married Sibylla d'Anjou, queen of Jerusalem (daughter of Amalric I, king of Jerusalem)
* Baldwin V king of Jerusalem (1185–1186)
* Conrad of Montferrat marquess (1191–1192) married 2.Theodora Angelina (sister of Isaac II, Roman Emperor) 3.Isabella d'Anjou, queen of Jerusalem (daughter of Amalric I, king of Jerusalem)
* Renier of Montferrat married Maria Komnene (daughter of Manuel I, Roman emperor)
* Azalais/Adelasia married Manfred II, Marquess of Saluzzo
* Boniface I, Marquess of Montferrat marquis of Montferrat (1192–1207), king of Thessalonica (1205–1207)  married 1.Helena del Bosco 2.Jeanne de Chatillon 3.Margaret of Hungary (daughter of king Bela III of Hungary)
* Agnes married Henry of Flanders, Latin emperor of Constantinople
* Demetrius, king of Thessalonica (1207–1224)
* William VI, Marquess of Montferrat (1207–1225)  married Berta di Clavesna (daughter of Bonifacio, marquess of Cortemiglia)
* Beatrice married 1.Guigues VI of Viennois 2.Guy II lord of Bauge 3.Pierre de La Roue
* Alix/Alasia married Henry I de Lusignan, king of Cyprus
* Boniface II, Marquess of Montferrat, the giant (1225–53)  married Margaret of Savoy (daughter of Amadeus IV, Count of Savoy)
* Adelaide married Albert I of Welf, duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
* William VII, Marquess of Montferrat, the great (1253–1292)  married 1.Isabella de Clare (daughter of Richard, earl of Gloucester) 2.Beatrice of Ivrea (daughter of Alfonso X, king of Castile)
* Margherita married 1.Pallavicini 2.Juan of Castile
* John I, Marquess of Montferrat (1292–1305)  married Marguerite of Savoy (daughter of Amadeus V, Count of Savoy)
* Yolanda/Violante (renamed Irene) marchioness of Montferrat married Andronikos II Palaiologos, Roman Emperor
* Theodore I Palaiologos marquess of Montferrat (1338–1372) Montferrat ruled by the Palaiologos family and later by the Gonzaga family