OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kerend-e Gharb

Kerend-e Gharb (Persian: كرندغرب) is a city in the Central District of Dalahu County, Kermanshah province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.

## Demographics
### Language and ethnicity

The city is populated by Kurds and is important in the Yarsani religion as it is the location of the tombs of the holy men Pir Benjamin and Pir Musi.
Language distribution in the city:
Kerend-e Gharb linguistic composition
language
percent
Gorani
90%
Southern Kurdish
5%
Central Kurdish
5% :

### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 7,894 in 2,041 households. The following census in 2011 counted 8,311 people in 2,359 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 7,798 people in 2,349 households.
# Ebertarctia

Ebertarctia is a genus of tiger moths in the family Erebidae. These moths occur in Iran and Afghanistan.

## Taxonomy

Ebertarctia was established to make the genus Ocnogyna monophyletic. Some sources treat Ebertarctia as a synonym of Ocnogyna.

## Species

There are three recognized species:
* Ebertarctia afghanicola (Ebert, 1974)
* Ebertarctia nordstroemi (Brandt, 1947)
* Ebertarctia solitaria (Ebert, 1974)
# Anete Sietiņa

Anete Sietiņa (born Kociņa; 5 February 1996 in Limbaži) is a Latvian javelin thrower.

## International competitions

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Notes |
| Representing Latvia |||||
| 2014 | World Junior Championships | Eugene, United States | 22nd (q) | 47.86 m |
| 2015 | European Junior Championships | Eskilstuna, Sweden | 2nd | 58.88 m |
| 2017 | European U23 Championships | Bydgoszcz, Poland | 2nd | 64.47 m |
| 2017 | World Championships | London, United Kingdom | 13th (q) | 62.17 m |
| 2017 | Universiade | Taipei, Taiwan | 6th | 58.49 m |
| 2018 | European Championships | Berlin, Germany | 17th (q) | 57.48 m |
| 2019 | World Championships | Doha, Qatar | 24th (q) | 56.70 m |
| 2021 | Olympic Games | Tokyo, Japan | 22nd (q) | 58.84 m |
| 2023 | World Championships | Budapest, Hungary | 4th | 63.18 m |
| 2024 | European Championships | Rome, Italy | 7th | 59.34 m |
| 2024 | Olympic Games | Paris, France | 15th (q) | 60.47 m |
# Mehmed Indariqo Shuwpagwe

Mehmed Indariqo Shuwpagwe (Adyghe: Мэхьмэд Индарыкъо Шупаго), was the Prince of Pshada [ru], a noble of the Natukhai, and a Circassian leader. He is mentioned as "Indar-oku" in James Bell's book.

## Biography

Not much is recorded about Indariqo, as Circassians did not write down their history, and all knowledge comes from Russian and British sources. He was the largest landowner in the Pshada Valley and is known to have vassal nobles under his command. He is occasionally mentioned in the books of James Bell and Eduard Taitbout de Marigny. His religion was Christianity.
As he aged, the leadership of the Shuwpagwe family passed from Indariqo to Hawduqo Mansur [tr].

### Name

Mehmed's surname is Shuwpagwe, and "Indariqo" means "son of Indar." The Circassians had both surnames and titles ending with the "-qo" suffix, which is equivalent to the "-son" in English.

## Russo-Circassian War

Although he initially ensured the safety of Russian merchant ships and received gifts from the Russian Tsar, he later frequently took part in Circassian campaigns against the Russians.
He actively participated in battles against the Russians. On July 8, 1837, during clashes in Pshada, Indariqo's grandson and two of his vassals were injured. Later that year, his village was attacked and destroyed by a detachment under General Alexey Veliaminov. Consequently, Indariqo and his family migrated to Ts'emez (modern-day Novorossiysk).
   "We are too poor to recompense the English properly for thinking us in our distress; but God will reward them; and every day in my prayers, I pray God to do so. I am now old and very infirm, and my only wish before I die is, that I may see my country free and at peace."
# Craig Washington

Craig Anthony Washington (born October 12, 1941) is an American lawyer and Democratic Party politician from Texas who served in the Texas State Senate and the United States House of Representatives.
The son of Roy and Azalia Washington, Washington graduated from Prairie View A&M University in 1966 and was originally interested in becoming a doctor, but as admissions to medical school had already ceased, Washington decided to instead apply at Texas Southern University's law school.

## Career

In 1972, the state of Texas began electing members of the state House of Representatives and State Senate, for the first time, by single-member districts. Washington, along with four other minority candidates, Anthony Hall, George T. "Mickey" Leland, Benny Reyes and Cecil Bush, (dubbed the "People's Five"), ran for seats in the Texas House of Representatives. Washington was elected, and represented District 86 in the state House from 1973 to 1982. He then represented District 13 in the state senate from 1983 until 1989.
Washington was elected as a Democrat to the 101st United States Congress for Texas's 18th congressional district, by special election, December 9, 1989, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Mickey Leland. He was reelected to the 102nd United States Congress and 103rd United States Congress and served from December 9, 1989, to January 3, 1995. He took stands against some projects, like the International Space Station, where spending would have flowed to his district.
In March, 1994, Washington was routed in the Democratic primary by Houston City Councilwoman Sheila Jackson Lee, winning only 36.5 percent of the vote. Lee won in November and held the seat until her death on July 19, 2024.
Since leaving Congress, Washington has practiced law in Houston and Bastrop, Texas.
# Alke

In Greek mythology, the name Alke or Alce /ˈælkiː/ (Ancient Greek: Ἀλκή, romanized: Alké, "prowess, courage") may refer to:
* Alke, the spirit and personification of the abstract concept of courage and battle-strength. In the Iliad, she was depicted on Athena's aegis alongside Ioke, Eris and Phobos.
* Alke, daughter of Cybele and Olympus. She was given a second name, Cybele, after her mother.
* Alke, an Amazon.
* Alke, one of Actaeon's dogs.
# Malcolm CasSelle

Malcolm CasSelle (1970-2020) was an American businessman. He was CEO of BIGtoken, Inc. He was the CIO of OPSkins and was the President of WAX (Worldwide Asset eXchange). Prior to WAX, CasSelle was CTO and president of New Ventures at Tribune Publishing. Prior to Tribune Publishing, he was senior vice president and general manager, Digital Media of SeaChange International, which he joined as part of the company's acquisition of Timeline Labs, where he was CEO. Previously, CasSelle led startups in the digital industry, including MediaPass, Xfire and Groupon's joint venture with Tencent in China.
CasSelle has also been an active early stage investor in companies including Facebook, Zynga, and most recently Bitcoin-related companies.

## Personal life

Malcolm CasSelle was engaged to Carolyn Land of Los Angeles, CA in Nov 2019.
Malcolm died in Mexico on November 17, 2020.

## Education

CasSelle held a bachelor's degree from MIT and a master's degree from Stanford University, both in computer science. He was a member of the Theta Xi fraternity. He spoke Japanese and Mandarin.

## Career

In 1995, CasSelle co-founded and was the CTO of NetNoir, one of the first media production websites focused on Afrocentric culture. The company was the first outside company to be accepted into the AOL Greenhouse Program. From 1998 to 2002 he was a senior vice president and advisor to the CEO at Pacific Century CyberWorks (PCCW), a publicly traded telco service provider based in Hong Kong where he developed the first commercially viable interactive television systems for global distribution.
He was a director of Hong Kong-based Capital Union Investments from 2006 to 2013 where he managed private direct investments into late-stage internet companies. He was also a senior executive at Groupon’s joint venture with Chinese instant messaging and gaming giant Tencent.
In April 2012, he was named CEO of the global social network for core video game players, Xfire. Since January 2013, he was CEO of MediaPass, an online paywall solution designed to generate subscription-based revenues for digital content. That same year, CasSelle co-founded Timeline Labs a social media tracking software company where he was CEO. In December 2014, the company was acquired by SeaChange International. Following the acquisition, CasSelle was Senior Vice President and General Manager, Digital Media of SeaChange International.
In February 2016, CasSelle was named CTO and President of New Ventures at Tribune Publishing. CasSelle was the President of Worldwide Asset eXchange and CIO of OPSkins until 2020 and was instrumental in their strategy, fund raising and whitepaper. CasSelle was CEO of BIGtoken, a publicly traded company that pays users for the value of their data.
# Hippomedon (Seven against Thebes)

In Greek mythology, Hippomedon /hɪˈpɒmɪdən/ (Ἰππομέδων, gen.: Ἰππομέδοντος) was one of the Seven against Thebes. He lived near the lake Lerna in Peloponessus; the foundations of his house on Mount Pontinus at Lerna were shown in Pausanias' times. In Euripides' The Suppliants, he is characterized as a person uninterested in comfort and entertainments, eager to face hardships, and dedicating a lot of time to training for combat.

## Family

Hippomedon's father was either Talaus, the father of Adrastus, or Aristomachus (a son of Talaus), or Mnesimachus. If he is the son of Mnesimachus, then his mother is Metidice, daughter of Talaus, which makes him Adrastus's sister's son. By Euanippe, daughter of Elatus, Hippomedon was father of Polydorus, one of the Epigoni. Elsewhere though, his wife is named Nealce, and the son Demophon.

## Mythology

In Aeschylus' tragedy Seven Against Thebes, Hippomedon is one of the seven champions who attack the seven gates of Thebes. Aeschylus describes him as very large and powerful. He bears the image of a fire-breathing typhon on his shield and attacks the gate of Athena Onca, and is confronted by Hyperbius, son of Oenops. In Euripides' Phoenician Women, he has the image of Argus Panoptes on his shield and assails the Ogygian Gates. According to the Bibliotheca, he was killed in the battle by Ismarus, a son of Astacus.
Hippomedon makes a prolonged appearance in Statius' Thebaid. In Book 9 he engages in the fight over the body of Tydeus, and when the attempt to seize it back from the Thebans fails, he goes on slaying one opponent after another and in the course of the battle, descends into the waters of River Ismenus. One of his victims is the young Crenaeus, son of Pan and the nymph Ismenis. The latter, upon discovering her son's dead body, implores her father, the river god Ismenus, to avenge the youth's death. Ismenus raises the waters of his river and nearly drowns Hippomedon, but he prays that he may not die a death like that, and Hera persuades Zeus to make Ismenus spare him. However, Hippomedon gets out of the water unarmored and is met with a storm of the enemy's missiles, which kill him. Hypseus then takes his helmet as trophy and announces his death to the allies, shortly before getting killed by Capaneus.
# Mimas (Giant)

In Greek mythology, Mimas (Ancient Greek: Μίμας) was one of the Gigantes (Giants), the offspring of Gaia, born from the blood of the castrated Uranus.

## Mythology

According to the mythographer Apollodorus, he was killed during the Gigantomachy, the cosmic battle of the Giants with the Twelve Olympians, by Hephaestus with "missiles of red-hot metal" from his forge. In Euripides' Ion (c. 410 BC), the chorus, describing the wonders of the late sixth century Temple of Apollo at Delphi, tell of seeing depicted there the Gigantomachy showing, among other things, Zeus burning Mimas "to ashes" with his thunderbolt. In the Argonautica by Apollonius of Rhodes, and the Gigantomachia by Claudian, Mimas was killed by Ares (or in Claudian's case by Ares' Roman counterpart Mars). Mimas is also mentioned in the company of other Giants, by the Latin writers Horace and Seneca.
A fragment of an Attic black-figure dinos by Lydos (Athens Akropolis 607) dating from the second quarter of the sixth century, which depicted the Gigantomachy, shows Aphrodite with shield and spear battling a Giant also with shield (displaying a large bee) and spear, whose name is inscribed (retrograde) as "Mimos", possibly in error for "Mimas".
He was said to be buried under Prochyte, one of the Phlegraean Islands off the coast of Naples. Claudian mentions Mimas as one of several vanquished Giants whose weapons, as spoils of war, hung on trees in a wood near the summit of Mount Etna.
Mimas is possibly the same as the Giant named Mimon on the Gigantomachy depicted on the north frieze of the Siphnian Treasury at Delphi (c. 525 BC), and a late fifth century BC cup from Vulci (Berlin F2531) shown fighting Ares.

## Namesake

In 1847, the mythological Giant inspired the name of the closest major moon to Saturn.
# Chionodraco

Chionodraco is a genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Channichthyidae, the crocodile icefishes. They are found in the Southern Ocean.

## Taxonomy

Chionodraco was first described as a genus in 1905 by the Swedish zoologist Einar Lönnberg when he described the Chaenichthys hamatus which he subsequently placed in a new monotypic genus. The genus name is a compound of chionos meaning "snow" and draco which means "dragon", Lönnberg did not explain this but it may allude to a relationship with the genus Cryodraco.

## Species

There are currently three recognized species in this genus:
* Chionodraco hamatus (Lönnberg, 1905)
* Chionodraco myersi H. H. DeWitt & J. C. Tyler, 1960 (Myers's icefish)
* Chionodraco rastrospinosus H. H. DeWitt & Hureau, 1979 (Ocellated icefish)

## Characteristics

Chionodraco icefishes may have the spine on the snout present or it is reduced to a small centrally placed knob. The gill rakers may bear teeth or are vestigial. The upper and lower jaws are of equal length, although the lower jaw may protrude. There are robust spines on the operculum with the other opercular bones each having a pair of spines where they join. The first and second dorsal fins are separate and there are three lateral lines. In the pelvic fin the outermost pair of fin rays are the longest and the tips are covered in thickened skin. The caudal fin is rounded. The maximum total length of these fishes varies from 38 cm (15 in) in C. myersi to 52 cm (20 in) in C. rastrospinosus.

## Distribution and habitat

Chionodraco contains two circum-antarctic species, one of which is apparently confined to West Antarctica. They are demersal and pelagic fishes found on the continental shelf and slope.

## Biology

Chionodraco icefishes are predatory, feeding on other fish species and krill. They have a long post larval pelagic phase. In common with many other channichthyid fishes, reproduction in Chionodraco hamatus involves laying eggs in a nest and parental guarding. Similar morphological features suggest that at least Chionodraco rastrospinosus has similar reproductive behaviours.

## Fisheries

Chionodraco icefishes are targeted by some commercial fisheries and are also taken as bycatch.
# Ramnarayan Rawat

Ramnarayan Rawat (also spelled Ram Narayan Rawat and Ram Rawat) is an Associate Professor of History at the University of Delaware and a historian of the Indian subcontinent and has also had appointments at the University of Pennsylvania (as a postdoctoral scholar) and University of Washington. He received his B.A. and Ph.D. from the University of Delhi. He has conducted research on the Chamar caste in India, and displayed that their work centred on agriculture and not tanning as previously thought. He is the author of the book Reconsidering Untouchability: Chamars and Dalit History in North India and has co-edited the volume Dalit Studies with K. Satyanarayana. He is currently working on his second book entitled Parallel Publics: A History of Indian Democracy.
# Rondo Daszyńskiego metro station

Rondo Daszyńskiego is a station on the central part of Line M2 of the Warsaw Metro.
The station fully opened for passenger use on 8 March 2015 as the western terminus of the inaugural stretch of Line M2 between Rondo Daszyńskiego and Dworzec Wileński. It was designed by Polish architect Andrzej M. Chołdzyński and constructed by Metroprojekt. Murals were created by Wojciech Fangor, artist of the Polish School of Posters.
The station is located just west of Rondo Daszyńskiego (Daszyński Roundabout), named in honor of Ignacy Daszyński.
Construction of the station was made difficult by adverse hydrological conditions.

## Gallery

* Entrance to the station
* Entrance to the station
* Main platform
* Interior detail, murals designed by Wojciech Fangor
# Gimry fighting

Gimry fighting took place between January 2 – January 5, 2006, near the village of Gimry in Daghestan.

## The battle

The fighting happened on a mountain between some 3,000 Russian troops, including 1,500 special forces on one side and a group of estimated up to eight armed rebels (or 30 according to the Kavkaz Center version). The government forces were led by the Dagestani Interior Minister Adilgerei Magomedtagirov (the Ministry said the militant group included suspects in a recent assassination attempt on the Deputy Interior Minister that left his son dead).
Despite heavy artillery and aerial bombardment all the fighters managed to escape the encirclement back to the village, leaving behind only an abandoned dugout. At least three OMON and Spetznaz servicemen died and more than 10 were wounded in a three-day battle, some of them possibly by friendly fire. According to the separatist website, more than 50 Russian troops were "eliminated".
The government's plans to pacify the village of Gimry were initially dropped because of the village's symbolical importance as the historical birthplace of Imam Shamil. The large-scale cleansing operation in the village was however carried out in the winter of 2007-2008.
# 1559 in music
## Events

* Cipriano de Rore leaves his post as maestro di cappella in Ferrara when Alfonso II becomes duke.

## Publications

* Filippo Azzaiolo – Il secondo libro de villotte del fiore alla padoana con alcune napolitanae e madrigali, for four voices (Venice: Antonio Gardano)
* Jacob Clemens non Papa
** Eighth book of masses: Missa Pastores quidnam vidistis for five voices (Leuven: Pierre Phalèse), published posthumously
** Ninth book of masses: Missa A la fontaine du prez for six voices (Leuven: Pierre Phalèse), published posthumously
** First through sixth books of motets for four voices (Leuven: Pierre Phalèse), published posthumously
* Pierre Clereau
** First book of chansons tant françoises qu'italiennes for three voices (Paris: Le Roy & Ballard)
** Tenth book of chansons tant françoises qu'italiennes for four voices (Paris: Le Roy & Ballard)
* Johannes de Cleve
** First book of motets for four, five, and six voices (Augsburg: Philipp Ulhard)
** Second book of motets for four, five, and six voices (Augsburg: Philipp Ulhard)
* Thomas Crecquillon – Seventh book of motets for four voices (Leuven: Pierre Phalèse), published posthumously
* Nicolao Dorati – Second book of madrigals for five, six, seven, and eight voices (Venice: Girolamo Scotto)
* Philibert Jambe de Fer – Psalmodie de quarante et un pseaumes royaux (Lyon: Michel Du Bois)
* Clément Janequin – Octante deux pseaumes de David traduits en rithme françoise par Cl. Marot et autres avec plusieurs cantiques (Paris: Le Roy & Ballard), published posthumously
* Mattheus Le Maistre – Catechesis numeris musicis inclusa for three voices (Nuremberg: Johann Berg & Ulrich Neuber)
* Costanzo Porta
** First book of madrigals for five voices (Venice: Antonio Gardano)
** First book of motets for four voices (Venice: Antonio Gardano)
* Adrian Willaert – Musica Nova

## Births

* date unknown - Adam Gumpelzhaimer, Bavarian composer and music theorist (d. 1625)

## Deaths

* October 2 – Jacquet of Mantua, composer (b. 1483)
* date unknown
** Nicolas Payen, choirmaster and composer (b. c. 1512)
# Athylia ornata

Athylia ornata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Fisher in 1925. It was first identified at Mount Banahaw in the Philippines.
# Buddleja diffusa

Buddleja diffusa is a species of flowering plant in the family Scrophulariaceae. It is endemic to central Peru and northern Argentina, growing on dry hillsides above rivers and creeks at altitudes of 1000–1900 m; it was first described and named by Ruiz and Pavon in 1798.

## Description

Buddleja diffusa is a dioecious, scrambling, vine-like shrub 1–3.5 m high, with yellowish bark. The young branches are quadrangular, the younger growth covered with a white to buff tomentum. The sessile, membranaceous ovate or elliptic leaves 3–14 cm long by 2–8 cm wide, glabrescent above, tomentose below. The yellow inflorescences are 15–30 cm long, with one or two orders of branches; the flowers borne in capitate cymules, each 0.6–1 cm diameter, with 9–15 flowers; the corolla tubes are 3–3.5 mm long.

## Cultivation

The shrub is not known to be in cultivation.
# Wiesemann

Wiesemann is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Bernd Wiesemann (1938–2015), German pianist, composer, music educator and conceptual artist
* Claudia Wiesemann (born 1958), German medical ethicist and medical historian
* Karl-Heinz Wiesemann (born 1960), 96th Bishop of Speyer
* Mirjam Wiesemann (born 1964), German actress and author
# Little Salkehatchie River

The Little Salkehatchie River is a stream in Barnwell, Bamberg, and Colleton counties in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It originates in the Town of Blackville and accepts drainage from Lake Cynthia, Guess Pond, Brooker Pond, Ghants Branch, Halfmoon Branch, and Long Gall Branch. Further downstream, the river accepts drainage from Long Pond, Ben Rice Bay, Colston Branch (Ben Rice Branch, Doussoss Bay, Indian Camp Branch, McMillian Branch), and Long Branch (Little Clear Pond, Clear Pond). There are a total of 111.7 stream miles and 397.4 acres (1.608 km$^2$) of lake waters in this watershed, all classified freshwater.
# Hillcrest Cemetery

Hillcrest Cemetery is a historic cemetery in Holly Springs, Mississippi, United States. Established in 1837, it is known as the "Little Arlington of the South." It contains the graves of a U.S. Senator and five Confederate generals.

## Location

The cemetery is located on Center Street in Holly Springs, Marshall County, Mississippi.

## History

The cemetery was established in 1837, when William S. Randolph, an early settler of Holly Springs, donated the land. The railings were designed by the Jones, McElwain and Company Iron Foundry prior to the Civil War.
It is known as the "Little Arlington of the South" in allusion to the Arlington National Cemetery near Washington, D.C. Notable burials include five generals of the Confederate States Army: Samuel Benton, Winfield S. Featherston, Daniel Govan, Edward Walthall, and Absolom M. West. Other notable burials include Wall Doxey, Benjamin D. Nabers, Hiram Rhodes Revels, and James F. Trotter. Also buried there are painter Kate Freeman Clark, the wife and son of Alamo defender Micajah Autry, and architect Spires Boling.
The cemetery was vandalized in 1980.

## Heritage significance

It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since June 28, 1982.
# Black River (Red Lake River tributary)

The Black River is a 33.7-mile-long (54.2 km) tributary of the Red Lake River of Minnesota in the United States. Via the Red Lake River, the Red River of the North, Lake Winnipeg, and the Nelson River, it is part of the Hudson Bay watershed.
The Black River was so named on account of its peat-stained waters.