# List of Guggenheim Fellowships awarded in 1956

Two hundred and seventy-five scholars and artists were awarded Guggenheim Fellowships in 1956. More than $1,100,000 was disbursed and the number of fellows was the highest in the fellowship's history up to that date.

## 1956 U.S. and Canadian Fellows

| Category | Field of Study | Fellow | Institutional association | Research topic | Notes |
| Creative Arts | Drama and Performance Art | Harry Miles Muheim | New York University | Writing a musical | |
| Creative Arts | Fine Arts | Roger William Anliker | Carnegie Tech | Painting | |
| Creative Arts | Fine Arts | Ralph Wilfred Borge | California College of Arts and Crafts, Oakland Technical Adult School | Painting | |
| Creative Arts | Fine Arts | John Hultberg | | Painting | |
| Creative Arts | Fine Arts | Ben Kamihira | Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, Philadelphia Museum of Art | Painting | Also won in 1955 |
| Creative Arts | Fine Arts | Roger Edward Kuntz | Scripps College, Claremont Graduate School | Exploration of a middle ground between objective and nonobjective paintings | |
| Creative Arts | Fine Arts | George L. Mueller | | Painting | |
| Creative Arts | Fine Arts | Robert Sterling Neuman | State University of New York | Survey of contemporary Spanish paintings | |
| Creative Arts | Fine Arts | Stanley Twardowicz | Hofstra University | Painting | |
| Creative Arts | Fine Arts | Andre Racz | Columbia University | Printmaking | |
| Creative Arts | Fiction | David Karp | | Novel writing | |
| Creative Arts | Fiction | Thomas Hal Phillips | | Novel writing | Also won in 1953 |
| Creative Arts | Fiction | Frank Rooney | | Novel writing | |
| Creative Arts | Fiction | David R. Wagoner | University of Washington | Novel writing | |
| Creative Arts | Fiction | Donald Wetzel | | Novel writing | |
| Creative Arts | Music Composition | Theodore Ward Chanler | Harvard University | Composing | Also won in 1944 |
| Creative Arts | Music Composition | Carlos Chávez | | Composing | Also won in 1938 |
| Creative Arts | Music Composition | Carlisle Floyd | University of Houston | Composing | |
| Creative Arts | Music Composition | Edmund Thomas Haines | | Composing | Also won in 1957 |
| Creative Arts | Music Composition | Earl Kim | Princeton University | Composing | |
| Creative Arts | Music Composition | Ezra Laderman | Yale School of Music | Chamber concerto collaboration with Jean Erdman | Also won in 1958, 1964 |
| Creative Arts | Music Composition | Bohuslav Martinů | Mannes School of Music | Composing | Also won in 1953 |
| Creative Arts | Music Composition | Jan Meyerowitz | | Composing | Also won in 1958 |
| Creative Arts | Music Composition | Julia Amanda Perry | | Composing | Also won in 1954 |
| Creative Arts | Music Composition | George Rochberg | University of Pennsylvania, Theodore Presser | Composing | Also won in 1966 |
| Creative Arts | Music Composition | Seymour J. Shifrin | University of California, Berkeley | Composing | Also won in 1959 |
| Creative Arts | Music Composition | Vladimir Alexis Ussachevsky | Columbia University | Composing | Also won in 1960 |
| Creative Arts | Music Composition | Richard Kenelm Winslow | Wesleyan University | Composing | |
| Creative Arts | Photography | Robert Frank | | Hungarian Revolution of 1956 | Also won in 1955 |
| Creative Arts | Photography | William A. Garnett | | Regional differences in California's geographical features | Also won in 1953, 1975 |
| Creative Arts | Photography | W. Eugene Smith | | Pittsburgh | Also won in 1957, 1968 |
| Creative Arts | Photography | Todd Webb | | The Oregon Trail | Also won in 1955 |
| Creative Arts | Poetry | Margaret Kirkland Avison | University of Toronto | Writing | |
| Creative Arts | Poetry | Barbara Gibbs Golffing | Bennington College | Writing | Also won in 1955 |
| Creative Arts | Poetry | Ned O'Gorman | Columbia University (MA student) | Writing | Also won in 1962 |
| Humanities | American Literature | Vivian Constance Hopkins | New York State College for Teachers | Influence of Francis Bacon on American thought in the first half of the 19th century | |
| Humanities | American Literature | Norman Holmes Pearson | Yale University | Nathaniel Hawthorne's letters | Also won in 1948 |
| Humanities | American Literature | Elizabeth Shepley Sergeant | | | |
| Humanities | American Literature | Thomas Anton Schafer | Duke University | Jonathan Edwards' Miscellanies as a source for the structure of his political thought | |
| Humanities | American Literature | James Leslie Woodress, Jr. | Butler University | Joel Barlow | |
| Humanities | Architecture, Planning and Design | Lewis Mumford | University of Pennsylvania | Development of cities as an aspect of modern civilization | Also won in 1932, 1938 |
| Humanities | Biography | Arthur McCandless Wilson | Dartmouth College | Biographies of Denis Diderot and Jean le Rond d'Alembert | Also won in 1939 |
| Humanities | British History | William Haller (de) | Barnard College | Protestant propaganda during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I and its effects on English nationalism | Also won in 1947, 1950 |
| Humanities | British History | Gustave Lanctot | Ottawa University | Influence of the American Revolution on the people of Canada | Also won in 1957 |
| Humanities | British History | Wallace T. MacCaffrey | Haverford College | Development of the merchant class in Bristol, 1500-1640 | Also won in 1982 |
| Humanities | British History | David Spring | Johns Hopkins University | Charles Wentworth-Fitzwilliam, 5th Earl Fitzwilliam | |
| Humanities | Classics | William Ayres Arrowsmith | University of California, Riverside | Role of the hero in Greek tragedy | |
| Humanities | Classics | Christopher Mounsey Dawson | Yale University | Early Greek lyric poetry and elegy | |
| Humanities | Classics | Glanville Downey | Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, Harvard University | History of Antioch on the Orontes | |
| Humanities | Classics | Charles Farwell Edson, Jr. | University of Wisconsin | Ancient history of Macedonia | Also won in 1936, 1937 |
| Humanities | Classics | Gordon Macdonald Kirkwood | Cornell University | History of lyric poetry of Ancient Greece | |
| Humanities | Classics | Bernard M. Knox | Yale University, Center for Hellenic Studies | Development of Sophocles' tragic vision illustrated in three plays | |
| Humanities | Classics | Matthew Immanuel Wiencke | Dartmouth College | Greek sculptural reliefs of the Archaic and Classical periods | |
| Humanities | Classics | Leonard Ernest Woodbury | University of Toronto | Protagoras of Abdera | |
| Humanities | East Asian Studies | Søren Christian Egerod (da) | University of California, Berkeley | Thai languages in Burma, especially Shan dialects | |
| Humanities | East Asian Studies | Richard Burroughs Mather | University of Minnesota | Buddhist influence in the writings of Chinese intellectuals of the fourth and fifth centuries A.D. | |
| Humanities | East Asian Studies | John Leon Mish | New York Public Library | "Literary and scientific activities of the Jesuits in Peking in the 17th and 18th centuries" | |
| Humanities | East Asian Studies | Nicholas N. Poppe | University of Washington | Mongolian manuscripts collected by Sir Aurel Stein | |
| Humanities | Economic History | David Granick | Fisk University | Soviet economic development, specifically in the metallurgy industry | |
| Humanities | English Literature | Walter Jackson Bate | Harvard University | John Keats | Also won in 1965 |
| Humanities | English Literature | Reuben Arthur Brower | Harvard University | Alexander Pope and poetic tradition | Also won in 1965 |
| Humanities | English Literature | Kathleen Coburn | University of Toronto | Samuel Taylor Coleridge's notebooks | Also won in 1953 |
| Humanities | English Literature | Roland Mushat Frye | Emory University | Christian life in William Langland, Edmund Spenser, John Milton, and John Bunyan | Also won in 1973 |
| Humanities | English Literature | Edgar Johnson | City College of New York | | Also won in 1966 |
| Humanities | English Literature | Gwin Jackson Kolb | University of Chicago | Works by Samuel Johnson | |
| Humanities | English Literature | Kathleen Martha Lynch | Mount Holyoke College | Roger Boyle, 1st Earl of Orrery | |
| Humanities | English Literature | Frederick Ludwig Mulhauser | Pomona College | Religion in Victorian England | |
| Humanities | English Literature | Gordon Norton Ray | University of Illinois | H. G. Wells | Also won in 1941, 1942, 1945 |
| Humanities | English Literature | Samuel Schoenbaum | Northwestern University | Thomas Middleton | Also won in 1969 |
| Humanities | English Literature | Arthur Sherbo | University of Illinois | Christopher Smart | |
| Humanities | English Literature | Linda Van Norden | University of California, Davis | Literary imagination during the late English Renaissance | |
| Humanities | English Literature | Aubrey Lake Williams, Jr. | Yale University | Works of Alexander Pope | |
| Humanities | Fine Arts Research | Jack Leonard Benson (de) | University of Pennsylvania | Archaic Greek art | |
| Humanities | Fine Arts Research | Justus Bier (de) | University of Louisville | Tilman Riemenschneider and other Gothic German sculptors | Also won in 1953 |
| Humanities | Fine Arts Research | P. J. Conkwright, Jr. | Princeton University | The art of book design | |
| Humanities | Fine Arts Research | Louisa Dresser | Worcester Art Museum | American paintings before the Revolution | |
| Humanities | Fine Arts Research | Lorenz Edwin Alfred Eitner (de) | University of Minnesota | German Romantic painting | |
| Humanities | Fine Arts Research | George Kubler | Yale University | Architecture of the Spanish and Portuguese empires, 1450-1800 | Also won in 1943, 1952 |
| Humanities | Fine Arts Research | Charles Merrill Mount | | Claude Monet | |
| Humanities | Fine Arts Research | Richard Offner | New York University | | |
| Humanities | Fine Arts Research | Leona E. Prasse | Cleveland Museum of Art | Graphic work of Feininger | |
| Humanities | Fine Arts Research | David M. Robb | University of Pennsylvania | Manuscript illumination | |
| Humanities | Fine Arts Research | Seymour Slive | Harvard University | Frans Hals | Also won in 1978 |
| Humanities | Folklore and Popular Culture | Marius Barbeau | Université Laval | | Also won in 1954 |
| Humanities | French Literature | Gilbert Chinard | Princeton University | History of European concepts relating to the USA | Also won in 1951 |
| Humanities | French Literature | Robert Greer Cohn | Vassar College | Literary development of several French writers | Also won in 1985 |
| Humanities | French Literature | William Roach | University of Pennsylvania | | Also won in 1949 |
| Humanities | General Nonfiction | Redding Francis Perry | United States Army | 2nd Armored Division in World War II | |
| Humanities | General Nonfiction | George William Potter | Providence Journal | Catholic Irish in America, 1820-1860 | |
| Humanities | German and East European History | Hans Wilhelm Gatzke | Johns Hopkins University | Gustav Stresemann | |
| Humanities | German and East European History | Oscar Halecki | Fordham University | Slavic contribution to European culture | |
| Humanities | German and East European History | R. John Rath | University of Texas | Austrian government in Lombardy-Venetia | |
| Humanities | German and Scandinavian Literature | Heinz Bluhm | Yale University | Significance of Martin Luther for the early history of the printed Bible | |
| Humanities | German and Scandinavian Literature | Raymond M. Immerwahr | Washington University in St. Louis | Literary and cultural romanticism in German, French, and English literature | |
| Humanities | German and Scandinavian Literature | Egon Schwarz (de) | Harvard University | Influence of German literature on the writings of the Generation of '98 | |
| Humanities | German and Scandinavian Literature | Hans M. Wolff | University of California, Berkeley | Schopenhauer's philosophy | |
| Humanities | History of Science and Technology | I. Bernard Cohen | Harvard University | The development of Isaac Newton's scientific ideas and their influence in the 18th century | |
| Humanities | History of Science and Technology | Charles Mayo Goss | Louisiana State University | History of medicine in Ancient Greece | |
| Humanities | Iberian and Latin American History | Peter Muschamp Boyd-Bowman | Kalamazoo College | Regional origins of Spanish colonizers in America in the 16th century | |
| Humanities | Linguistics | Mark J. Dresden | University of Pennsylvania | | Also won in 1954 |
| Humanities | Linguistics | Murray B. Emeneau | University of California, Berkeley | Dravidian linguistics | Also won in 1949 |
| Humanities | Linguistics | Robert Louis Politzer (de) | Harvard University | Italian phonology | |
| Humanities | Linguistics | Paul Serruys | Saint Mary's College High School | Chinese language of the Han dynasty | |
| Humanities | Linguistics | Max Weinreich | City College of New York | | Also won in 1955 |
| Humanities | Literary Criticism | John Arthos | University of Michigan | The sublime in the criticism of poetry | |
| Humanities | Literary Criticism | Herschel Clay Baker | Harvard University | William Hazlitt | Also won in 1963 |
| Humanities | Literary Criticism | Wayne Clayson Booth | Earlham College | Problems of narrative form | Also won in 1969 |
| Humanities | Literary Criticism | Albert J. Guerard | Harvard University | Works of Joseph Conrad | |
| Humanities | Literary Criticism | William Hugh Kenner | University of California, Santa Barbara | | Also won in 1963 |
| Humanities | Literary Criticism | Murray Krieger | University of Minnesota | | Also won in 1961 |
| Humanities | Literary Criticism | René Wellek | Yale University | History of modern literary criticism | Also won in 1951, 1952, 1966 |
| Humanities | Medieval History | Marvin Burton Becker | University of Michigan, Baldwin-Wallace College | History of representative government in Florence in the fourteenth century | |
| Humanities | Medieval History | Peter Charanis | Rutgers University | Social structure of the Byzantine Empire" | |
| Humanities | Medieval History | Tryggvi Julius Oleson | University of Manitoba | Edward the Confessor | |
| Humanities | Medieval History | Felix Reichmann (de) | Cornell University | Book trade in medieval Italy | |
| Humanities | Medieval History | John Joseph Ryan, Jr. | St. John's Seminary, Pontifical Institute of Medieval Studies | Gregorian Reform | |
| Humanities | Medieval History | Brian Tierney | Catholic University of America | Ecclesiastical law concerning the relief of poverty in the Middle Ages | Also won in 1955 |
| Humanities | Medieval History | William L. Winter | Teachers College of Connecticut | Development of the Hanseatic League as an example of European supranational organization | |
| Humanities | Medieval Literature | Harry Caplan (de) | Cornell University | Medieval rhetoric | Also won in 1928 |
| Humanities | Medieval Literature | Margaret Williams Pepperdene | Miami University | Christian elements in Beowulf | |
| Humanities | Medieval Literature | Paul Ruggiers | University of Oklahoma | Geoffrey Chaucer | |
| Humanities | Music Research | Yury Arbatsky (de) (ru) | | | Also won in 1955 |
| Humanities | Music Research | Nathan Broder (de) | | History of orchestral music | |
| Humanities | Music Research | Hans Theodor A. David (de) | University of Michigan | Instrumental ensemble music of the late Renaissance | |
| Humanities | Music Research | Leo Franz Schrade | Yale University | Polyphonic music of the 14th century | Also won in 1949, 1951 |
| Humanities | Near Eastern Studies | Henry George Fischer | University of Pennsylvania Museum | Provincial government in Egypt prior to the Middle Kingdom | |
| Humanities | Near Eastern Studies | Benno Landsberger | | | Also won in 1953 |
| Humanities | Philosophy | Karl Aschenbrenner | University of California, Berkeley | Principle of coherence in art | |
| Humanities | Philosophy | George Boas | Johns Hopkins University | Presuppositions of Aristotle | |
| Humanities | Philosophy | Stuart MacDonald Brown, Jr. | Cornell University | Philosophical study of the theory of inalienable rights | |
| Humanities | Philosophy | Emil Ludwig Fackenheim | University of Toronto | Development of the philosophy of religion from Kant to Kierkegaard | |
| Humanities | Philosophy | Glenn Raymond Morrow | University of Pennsylvania | | Also won in 1952 |
| Humanities | Philosophy | John Daniel Wild, Jr. | Harvard University | Philosophical anthropology | Also won in 1930 |
| Humanities | Philosophy | Frederick D. Wilhelmsen | University of Santa Clara | | |
| Humanities | Renaissance History | Daniel C. Boughner | Evansville College | Ben Jonson's debt to the Italian Renaissance | Also won in 1958 |
| Humanities | Renaissance History | William Garrett Crane | City College of New York | | |
| Humanities | Renaissance History | Paul Alfred Jorgensen | University of California, Los Angeles | | |
| Humanities | Renaissance History | Robert Starr Kinsman | University of California, Los Angeles | | |
| Humanities | Renaissance History | Lewis William Spitz | University of Missouri | Religious thought of certain German Renaissance humanists | |
| Humanities | Russian History | Josef Korbel | University of Denver | Impact of Soviet-German relations in the countries located between the Soviet Union and Germany | |
| Humanities | Russian History | Wacław Lednicki (pl) | University of California, Berkeley | Pre-Soviet cultural and political trends in Russia and Poland | Also won in 1955 |
| Humanities | Russian History | Richard Edgar Pipes | Harvard University | Ideas and social bases of Russian conservatism from its emergence at the end of the 18th century to 1917 | Also won in 1965 |
| Humanities | Russian History | Adam Bruno Ulam | Harvard University | Development of Marxian socialism in the West and in Russia | Also won in 1969 |
| Humanities | Spanish and Portuguese Literature | Lloyd A. W. Kasten | University of Wisconsin–Madison | Alfonso the Wise | |
| Humanities | Theatre Arts | Leo Hughes | University of Texas at Austin | | |
| Humanities | Theatre Arts | Alan Leo Schneider | | | |
| Humanities | United States History | Richard Bardolph | University of North Carolina at Greensboro | African-American history | |
| Humanities | United States History | Moshe Davis | Jewish Theological Seminary of America | Elements of Jewish tradition in America and the effects of American experience on it | |
| Humanities | United States History | Wilma Dykeman Stokely | | American Civil War | |
| Humanities | United States History | Shelby Foote | | American Civil War | Also won in 1955, 1959 |
| Humanities | United States History | John Haskell Kemble | Pomona College | Maritime history of the Pacific Coast | |
| Humanities | United States History | James Hastings Nichols | University of Chicago | 19th century American intellectual and religious history | |
| Humanities | United States History | Earl S. Pomeroy | University of Oregon | History of Pacific Coast states | Also won in 1971 |
| Humanities | United States History | William S. Powell | University of North Carolina Library | Explorers and colonizers who came from England to present-day North Carolina in the 16th century | |
| Humanities | United States History | Paul McDonald Robinett | U. S. Army | Army transport overseas and battle participation of an armored regimental task force in World War II | |
| Humanities | United States History | T. Harry Williams | Louisiana State University | Huey Long's career | |
| Natural Science | Astrophysics and Astronomy | John Gardner Phillips | University of California, Berkeley | Photometric study of emission lines in long-period variable stars to learn about the physical conditions in the stars' atmosphere | |
| Natural Science | Astrophysics and Astronomy | Zdeněk Sekera | University of California, Los Angeles | | Also won in 1960 |
| Natural Science | Chemistry | Gene Blakely Carpenter | Brown University | The least squares refinement technique in crystal structure determination by means of X-rays | |
| Natural Science | Chemistry | Vernon H. Cheldelin | Oregon State College | Medical biochemistry | |
| Natural Science | Chemistry | Elias James Corey | University of Illinois | New synthetic methods based on biosynthetic principles | Also won in 1968 |
| Natural Science | Chemistry | Frank Albert Cotton | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | Chemistry of metal derivatives of cyclopentadiene | Also won in 1989 |
| Natural Science | Chemistry | Walter Francis Richard Edgell | Purdue University | Infrared spectra of certain metal carbonyl hydrides | |
| Natural Science | Chemistry | W. Conard Fernelius | Pennsylvania State University | Stability of coordination compounds in solution | |
| Natural Science | Chemistry | Joseph J. Katz | Argonne National Laboratory | | |
| Natural Science | Chemistry | Walter Joseph Kauzmann | Princeton University | Protein denaturation | Also won in 1974 |
| Natural Science | Chemistry | John Edgar Kilpatrick | Rice Institute | | |
| Natural Science | Chemistry | Robert L. Letsinger | Northwestern University | Chemistry of quaternary phosphonium salts and tertiary phosphines | |
| Natural Science | Chemistry | Arthur John Madden, Jr. | University of Minnesota | | |
| Natural Science | Chemistry | William Leitch Marshall, Jr. | Oak Ridge National Laboratory | Molecular interaction by the use of high pressure techniques | |
| Natural Science | Chemistry | Kurt Martin Mislow | New York University | | Also won in 1974 |
| Natural Science | Chemistry | Donald S. Noyce | University of California, Berkeley | Acid catalysis and reaction mechanism | |
| Natural Science | Chemistry | Robert Louis Pecsok | University of California, Los Angeles | | |
| Natural Science | Chemistry | Christian S. Rondestvedt, Jr. | University of Michigan | Reactions of carbon-carbon unsaturation | |
| Natural Science | Chemistry | Harold Abraham Scheraga | Cornell University | Internal configuration of proteins | Also won in 1962 |
| Natural Science | Chemistry | William E. Truce | Purdue University | Stereochemistry of nucleophilic additions to acetylenes | |
| Natural Science | Earth Science | Gustaf Olof Svante Arrhenius (fr) | Scripps Institution of Oceanography | | |
| Natural Science | Earth Science | Arthur J. Boucot | United States Geological Survey | Silurian/Devonian rocks of Western Europe | |
| Natural Science | Earth Science | Siemon William Muller | Stanford University | Paleontology and geological survey in Austria | |
| Natural Science | Earth Science | Francis Asbury Richards | Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution | Biochemical and hydrochemical cycles in the Eastern North Atlantic Ocean | |
| Natural Science | Earth Science | Harry Blackmore Whittington | Harvard University | The zonal stratigraphy and fossil faunas of the Bala Area of North Wales | |
| Natural Science | Earth Science | Robert W. Wilson | University of Kansas | | |
| Natural Science | Engineering | Adam Abruzzi | Stevens Institute of Technology | Effect of industrial codes and industrial technology in Italy on the theory of work | |
| Natural Science | Engineering | Israel I. Cornet | University of California, Berkeley | Corrosion fatigue and rate factors in stress corrosion | |
| Natural Science | Engineering | Thomas Paton Goodman | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | Recent German advances in automatic control engineering | |
| Natural Science | Engineering | Joseph Marin | Pennsylvania State University | Mechanics of the solid state | |
| Natural Science | Engineering | Herbert Mark Neustadt | U.S. Naval Academy | | Also won in 1957 |
| Natural Science | Engineering | Milton Clayton Shaw | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | Problem of wear on metal cutting tools | |
| Natural Science | Engineering | Leonid Michael Tichvinsky | University of California, Berkeley | Laws of dry and boundary friction | |
| Natural Science | Engineering | George Winter | Cornell University | Structural engineering | |
| Natural Science | Mathematics | Edward William Barankin | University of California, Berkeley | Quantitative study of human behavior | |
| Natural Science | Mathematics | Julian David Cole | California Institute of Technology | | |
| Natural Science | Mathematics | Sidney Davidson | University of Chicago | Comparison of governmental policies on depreciation accounting in the USA, UK, France, and Sweden | |
| Natural Science | Mathematics | Wolfgang Heinrich Fuchs | Cornell University | Deficient values of meromorphic functions of finite order | |
| Natural Science | Mathematics | Edwin E. Moise | University of Michigan | Classical problems in the topology of higher-dimensional Euclidean manifolds | |
| Natural Science | Mathematics | Clifford Ambrose Truesdell, III | Indiana University | History of the mathematical theory of elasticity | |
| Natural Science | Medicine and Health | Donald Leslie Augustine | Harvard University | | |
| Natural Science | Medicine and Health | Brian Francis Hoffman | Columbia University | | |
| Natural Science | Molecular and Cellular Biology | Edward Allen Adelberg | University of California, Berkeley | Study of microbial genetics and metabolism | Also won in 1965 |
| Natural Science | Molecular and Cellular Biology | Max Alfert | University of California, Berkeley | Cytochemical studies of the basic proteins of cell nuclei | |
| Natural Science | Molecular and Cellular Biology | David M. Bonner | Yale University | Genetic control of enzyme formation | |
| Natural Science | Molecular and Cellular Biology | Allan Harvey Brown | University of Pennsylvania, University of Minnesota | Botany | |
| Natural Science | Molecular and Cellular Biology | Arthur LeRoy Cohen | Oglethorpe University | Electron microscope of protoplasmic molecular orientation | |
| Natural Science | Molecular and Cellular Biology | Melvin Martin Green | University of California, Davis | Pseudo-parallelism and its effect on the nature of the gene | Also won in 1968 |
| Natural Science | Molecular and Cellular Biology | Seymour Putterman Halbert | Columbia University | | |
| Natural Science | Molecular and Cellular Biology | Nathan Kaliss | Roscoe B. Jackson Memorial Laboratory | The biological processes underlying the immune reactions of the host to tumor homografts | |
| Natural Science | Molecular and Cellular Biology | Martin David Kamen | Washington University School of Medicine | Function and structure of hematin compounds in photosynthesis | Also won in 1972 |
| Natural Science | Molecular and Cellular Biology | Milton Levy | New York University | | |
| Natural Science | Molecular and Cellular Biology | Nicholas Nicolaides | University of Chicago | Measuring the length of molecules | Also won in 1955 |
| Natural Science | Molecular and Cellular Biology | Harold E. Pearson | University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles County Hospital | Conducted research at the Institut Pasteur | |
| Natural Science | Molecular and Cellular Biology | Donald Montgomery Reynolds | University of California, Davis | Purification of microbial chitinase | |
| Natural Science | Molecular and Cellular Biology | Sidney Roberts | University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center | | |
| Natural Science | Molecular and Cellular Biology | Howard K. Schachman | University of California, Berkeley | Degradation of macromolecules | |
| Natural Science | Molecular and Cellular Biology | David Shemin (de) | Columbia University | Biosynthesis of porphyrins and related compounds, including vitamin B12 | Also won in 1970 |
| Natural Science | Molecular and Cellular Biology | Clara M. Szego | University of California, Los Angeles | New micromethods for separating and identifying protein and steroid hormones | |
| Natural Science | Molecular and Cellular Biology | Charles Tanford | State University of Iowa | Improvement of the theoretical treatment of the acid-base properties of proteins | |
| Natural Science | Molecular and Cellular Biology | Cornelius A. Tobias | University of California, Berkeley | Biological effects of radiation on processes of growth and cell division | |
| Natural Science | Molecular and Cellular Biology | Heinz von Foerster | University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign | Possible models of the input and output mechanism of information transfer from the nervous network to the memory | Also won in 1963 |
| Natural Science | Organismic Biology and Ecology | Huai Chang Chiang | University of Minnesota, Duluth | Conducted research at Cambridge University | |
| Natural Science | Organismic Biology and Ecology | Philip Jackson Darlington, Jr | Harvard University | Australian Carabidae beetles | Also won in 1947 |
| Natural Science | Organismic Biology and Ecology | William Hanna Elder | University of Missouri-Columbia | The nēnē goose of the Hawaiian islands | |
| Natural Science | Organismic Biology and Ecology | Perry Webster Gilbert | Cornell University | Shark reproduction | Also won in 1963 |
| Natural Science | Organismic Biology and Ecology | I. Michael Lerner | University of California, Berkeley | Principles of artificial selection animal and plant breeding | Also won in 1947, 1952 |
| Natural Science | Organismic Biology and Ecology | Cornelis Adrianus Gerrit Wiersma | California Institute of Technology | | |
| Natural Science | Physics | Stewart D. Bloom | Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, University of California, Davis | Conducted research at the University of Cambridge with Max Perutz and Wolfgang Pauli | |
| Natural Science | Physics | Harvey Brooks | Harvard University | Foundations of solid state physics | |
| Natural Science | Physics | Theodore Enns | Johns Hopkins University | Conducted research at the University of Oslo | |
| Natural Science | Physics | Sherman Frankel | University of Pennsylvania | | Also won in 1978 |
| Natural Science | Physics | William Frederick Fry | University of Wisconsin–Madison | Properties of unstable particles in nuclear fragments | |
| Natural Science | Physics | Harry Wilks Fulbright | University of Rochester | Nuclear physics | |
| Natural Science | Physics | John David Jackson | McGill University | Theoretical study of nuclear reactions | |
| Natural Science | Physics | Myron A. Jeppesen | Bowdoin College | Optical studies on surface and body properties of crystalline and amorphous solids | |
| Natural Science | Physics | Charles Kittel | University of California, Berkeley | Solid state physics | Also won in 1945, 1963 |
| Natural Science | Physics | James Stark Koehler | University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign | Dislocations and plastic deformation | |
| Natural Science | Physics | Ralph Stuart Mackay, Jr. | University of California, Berkeley, University of California Medical Center | Unobservable detail in X-ray images | Also won in 1957 |
| Natural Science | Physics | Mael A. Melvin | Florida State University | Application of generalized symmetry to electrodynamics and quantum physics | Also won in 1951 |
| Natural Science | Physics | Russell Allen Peck, Jr. | Brown University | Nuclear shell phenomena and selection rules near atomic number 5 | |
| Natural Science | Physics | Gerald Cleveland Phillips | Rice Institute | Conducted research at the University of Cambridge | |
| Natural Science | Physics | John Hamilton Reynolds | University of California, Berkeley | Fundamental particles and nuclear emulsion techniques | Also won in 1986 |
| Natural Science | Physics | William S. Rodney | National Bureau of Standards | Optics | |
| Natural Science | Physics | Clemens Carel Johannes Roothaan | University of Chicago | Molecular calculations | |
| Natural Science | Physics | Malvin Avram Ruderman | University of California, Berkeley | Quantum field theory | Also won in 1979 |
| Natural Science | Physics | David S. Saxon | University of California, Los Angeles | | Also won in 1961 |
| Natural Science | Physics | Leonard Isaac Schiff | Stanford University | Theoretical physics | |
| Natural Science | Physics | Fred Henry Schmidt | University of Washington | | |
| Natural Science | Physics | Robert Serber | Columbia University | | |
| Natural Science | Physics | Raymond Sheline | Florida State University | Nuclear chemistry | Also won in 1955, 1964 |
| Natural Science | Physics | Jack Steinberger | Columbia University | Elementary particle physics | |
| Natural Science | Physics | Joseph Ward Straley | University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill | Measurement and interpretation of the intensities of infrared absorption bands | |
| Natural Science | Physics | Georges Maxime Temmer (de) | Carnegie Institution of Washington | Coulomb excitation in low-lying excited states of nuclei | |
| Natural Science | Physics | Felix Marc Hermann Villars | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | High-energy elementary particle physics | |
| Natural Science | Physics | Victor Frederick Weisskopf | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | | |
| Natural Science | Plant Science | Edgar Anderson | Washington University in St. Louis, Shaw's Garden | New method for obtaining valid conclusions from complex statistical data | Also won in 1943, 1950 |
| Natural Science | Plant Science | Spencer Wharton Brown | University of California, Berkeley | Tapetal cytology of the banana and other tropical plants | |
| Natural Science | Plant Science | John Thomas Curtis | University of Wisconsin | Vegetation of Wisconsin | Also won in 1942 |
| Natural Science | Plant Science | Ralph Emerson | University of California, Berkeley | Tropical water molds | Also won in 1948 |
| Natural Science | Plant Science | Thomas H. Goodspeed | University of California Botanical Garden | | Also won in 1930, 1935 |
| Natural Science | Plant Science | Sigurd W. Melsted | University of Illinois | Chemistry of manganese in soils | |
| Natural Science | Plant Science | Alf Erling Porsild | Canadian National Museum of Science | East Asian arctic plants | |
| Natural Science | Plant Science | Kanjyo Sakimura | Bishop Museum, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Pineapple Research Institute of Hawai'i | Transmission of plants virus diseases by thrips | |
| Natural Science | Plant Science | Charles Arthur Schroeder | University of California, Los Angeles | | |
| Natural Science | Plant Science | Clarence Sterling | University of California, Davis | Relationship of submicroscopic structure of rheological properties in certain plant polysaccharides | Also won in 1963 |
| Natural Science | Statistics | Joseph Lawson Hodges, Jr. | University of California, Berkeley | Use of combinatorial analysis in mathematical statistics | |
| Social Sciences | Anthropology and Cultural Studies | Oscar Lewis | University of Illinois | Urbanization effects in Mexico City on peasant families | Also won in 1962 |
| Social Sciences | Anthropology and Cultural Studies | Robert Lawrence Rands | University of Mississippi | Mayan ceramics excavated from Palenque | |
| Social Sciences | Economics | William Jack Baumol | Princeton University, New York University | Theory of economic development | |
| Social Sciences | Economics | E. Cary Brown | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | Theory and measurement of automatic fiscal stabilization in the USA and other countries | |
| Social Sciences | Economics | Robert Aaron Gordon | University of California, Berkeley | American business cycles in the interwar period and of the forces making for instability and growth in the West European economy | |
| Social Sciences | Economics | William Jaffé | Northwestern University | Leon Walras | |
| Social Sciences | Economics | Earl R. Rolph | University of California, Berkeley | Debt management practice of national American, British, and French governments since 1920" | |
| Social Sciences | Economics | Jacob Schmookler | Michigan State University | Socio-economic roots of inventive activity in the American shoe industry | |
| Social Sciences | Law | Thomas Edward Davitt | Marquette University | Concept of natural law | |
| Social Sciences | Law | Myron Piper Gilmore | Harvard University | Legal humanism in the 15th and 16th centuries | |
| Social Sciences | Law | Stephan Kuttner | Catholic University of America | Medieval canon law | Also won in 1966 |
| Social Sciences | Law | Kurt Hans Nadelmann (de) | New York University | History of the development of the rules of conflict of laws in the United States | |
| Social Sciences | Law | Samuel E. Thorne | Harvard University | | Also won in 1948, 1951 |
| Social Sciences | Political Science | Rupert Emerson | Harvard University | The development in recent decades of the nationalist movements of non-white peoples of the world | Also won in 1953 |
| Social Sciences | Political Science | Joseph Pratt Harris | University of California, Berkeley | Parliamentary control of administration in Great Britain | |
| Social Sciences | Political Science | Ruth Catherine Lawson | Mount Holyoke College | The problem of collective security in Europe since 1945 | |
| Social Sciences | Political Science | Felix Oppenheim | University of Delaware | Wrote prior political science research as a book | |
| Social Sciences | Psychology | Mason Haire | University of California, Berkeley | Influence of cultural factors on the motivation of industrial workers | |
| Social Sciences | Sociology | Edward P. Hutchinson | University of Pennsylvania | Socioeconomic significance in population growth | Also won in 1941 |
| Social Sciences | Sociology | Richard David Lambert | University of Pennsylvania | Work ethic of industrial laborers in India | |
| Social Sciences | Sociology | Roland Leslie Warren | Alfred University | Voluntary citizen participation in Germany | |

## 1956 Latin American and Caribbean Fellows

| Category | Field of Study | Fellow | Institutional association | Research topic | Notes |
| Creative Arts | Fine Arts | Geoffrey Lamont Holder | Metropolitan Opera Ballet | Painting | |
| Creative Arts | Fine Arts | Lorenzo Homar | Puerto Rico Department of Education | Painting | |
| Creative Arts | Music Composition | Carlos Botto Vallarino (es) | University of Chile | Composing | |
| Humanities | Iberian and Latin American History | John Horace Parry | University of Ibadan | | Also won in 1952 |
| Humanities | Music Research | José Maceda | University of the Philippines | | |
| Natural Science | Astronomy and Astrophysics | Pedro E. Zadunaisky | | Maxtrix iterative methods | Also won in 1977 |
| Natural Science | Earth Science | Esteban Boltovsky | Bernardino Rivadavia Natural Sciences Argentine Museum | Submarine foraminifera in Patagonia | |
| Natural Science | Mathematics | Samuel Barocio Barrios | National Institute of Scientific Investigation | | |
| Natural Science | Mathematics | Günter Lumer | | Research at the University of Chicago | |
| Natural Science | Mathematics | Orlando Eugenio Villamayor | National University of Cuyo | | |
| Natural Science | Medicine and Health | Tulio Pizzi Possi (es) | University of Chile | | Also won in 1958 |
| Natural Science | Medicine and Health | Juan Francisco Recalde | National University of Asunción | | |
| Natural Science | Molecular and Cellular Biology | Amadeu Cury | University of Brasília, National Council for Scientific and Technological Development | Biochemical activities of bacteria | |
| Natural Science | Molecular and Cellular Biology | José Ramírez de Arellano | National Institute of Cardiology | | Also won in 1955 |
| Natural Science | Molecular and Cellular Biology | Adolfo Max Rothschild | Biological Institute of São Paulo | histamine biochemistry | Also won in 1957 |
| Natural Science | Molecular and Cellular Biology | Carmen C. Velasquez | University of the Philippines | | Also won in 1962 |
| Natural Science | Molecular and Cellular Biology | Rodrigo Zeledón Araya | University of Costa Rica | Research at Johns Hopkins University | Also won in 1959 |
| Natural Science | Organismic Biology and Ecology | J. Enrique Avila Laguna | | The application of ecological research in mathematics | Also won in 1955 |
| Natural Science | Organismic Biology and Ecology | Alceu Lemos de Castro | National Museum, Rio de Janeiro | Certain crustaceans in Brazil | |
| Natural Science | Organismic Biology and Ecology | Dioscoro S. Rabor | Silliman University | | Also won in 1950 |
| Natural Science | Organismic Biology and Ecology | Alfredo de la Torre y Callejas | IES La Matanza | Caribbean molluscs | Also won in 1955 |
| Natural Science | Physics | Luis Münch Paniagua | Tonantzintla Observatory | Radial velocity determination and spectral classification of O-type and high-luminosity stars | |
| Natural Science | Plant Science | Jaime Díaz Moreno | Universidad de Guayaquil | Vegetable pathology with special reference to potato diseases | |
| Natural Science | Plant Science | Victor Manuel Patiño Rodríguez | Oficina de Investigaciones Agricolas de Bogota | History of agriculture and cattle in Western Colombia | Also won in 1955, 1965 |
| Natural Science | Plant Science | José Ploper | Tucumán Agricultural Experiment Center, National University of Tucumán | Plant hybridization | Also won in 1960 |
| Natural Science | Plant Science | Gregorio T. Velasquez | University of the Philippines | | |
| Social Science | Anthropology and Cultural Studies | Aquiles Escalante Polo | University of Atlántico | | |
| Social Science | Anthropology and Cultural Studies | Alberto Rex González (es) | National University of La Plata, National University of the Littoral | | Also won in 1966, 1967 |