OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1955 Sicilian regional election

The 1955 Sicilian regional election took place on 5 June 1955.
Christian Democracy was by far the largest party, largely ahead of the Italian Communist Party. After the election Giuseppe Alessi and, later, Giuseppe La Loggia governed the Region at the head of a centre-right coalition that included the Italian Liberal Party, the Italian Democratic Socialist Party and, since 1956, the Italian Social Movement.
After a brief one-party government by La Loggia, Silvio Milazzo, a left-wing Christian Democrat, broke ranks, launched his own Social Christian Sicilian Union and formed a government that included the extremes: the left-wing Italian Communist Party (along with the Italian Socialist Party) on one side and the right-wing Italian Social Movement (along with the Monarchist National Party) on the other side.

## Results

Electoral system: proportional representation
seats :
| | Christian Democracy | 897,397 | 38.6 | 39 |
| | Italian Communist Party | 482,793 | 20.8 | 20 |
| | Monarchist National Party–People's Monarchist Party | 295,745 | 12.7 | 8 |
| | Italian Socialist Party | 225,720 | 9.7 | 10 |
| | Italian Social Movement | 222,419 | 9.6 | 8 |
| | Italian Liberal Party | 91,980 | 4.0 | 3 |
| | Italian Democratic Socialist Party–Italian Republican Party | 72,351 | 3.1 | 2 |
| | Others | 37,627 | 1.5 | - |
| Total | Total | 2,326,032 | 100.0 | 90 |
Sources: Istituto Cattaneo and Sicilian Regional Assembly
# Hexafluoroethane

Hexafluoroethane is the perfluorocarbon counterpart to the hydrocarbon ethane. It is a non-flammable gas negligibly soluble in water and slightly soluble in methanol. It is an extremely potent and long-lived greenhouse gas.

## Physical properties

Hexafluoroethane's solid phase has two polymorphs. In the scientific literature, different phase transition temperatures have been stated. The latest works assign it at 103 K (−170 °C). Below 103 K it has a slightly disordered structure, and over the transition point, it has a body centered cubic structure. The critical point is at 19.89 °C (293.04 K) and 30.39 bar.
Table of densities:
| State, temperature | Density (kg.m$^{−3}$) |
| liquid, −78.2 °C | 16.08 |
| gas, −78.2 °C | 8.86 |
| gas, 15 °C | 5.84 |
| gas, 20.1 °C | 5.716 |
| gas, 24 °C | 5.734 |
Vapor density is 4.823 (air = 1), specific gravity at 21 °C is 4.773 (air = 1) and specific volume at 21 °C is 0.1748 m$^3$/kg.

## Uses

Hexafluoroethane is used as a versatile etchant in semiconductor manufacturing. It can be used for selective etching of metal silicides and oxides versus their metal substrates and also for etching of silicon dioxide over silicon. The primary aluminium and the semiconductor manufacturing industries are the major emitters of hexafluoroethane using the Hall-Héroult process.
Together with trifluoromethane it is used in refrigerants R508A (61%) and R508B (54%).
It is used as a tamponade to assist in retinal reattachment following vitreoretinal surgery.

## Environmental effects

Due to the high energy of C−F bonds, hexafluoroethane is nearly inert and thus acts as an extremely stable greenhouse gas, with an atmospheric lifetime of 10,000 years (other sources: 500 years). It has a global warming potential (GWP) of 9200 and an ozone depletion potential (ODP) of 0. Hexafluoroethane is included in the IPCC list of greenhouse gases.
Hexafluoroethane did not exist in significant amounts in the environment prior to industrial-scale manufacturing. Atmospheric concentration of hexafluoroethane reached 3 pptv at the start of the 21st century. Its absorption bands in the infrared part of the spectrum cause a radiative forcing of about 0.001 W/m$^2$.

## Health risks

Due to its high relative density, it gathers in low-lying areas, and at high concentrations it can cause asphyxiation.
# Arjuno-Welirang

Mount Arjuno-Welirang is a stratovolcano in the province of East Java in Java, Indonesia. Mount Arjuno-Welirang lies about 50 kilometers (31 mi) south of Surabaya, and 20 kilometers (12 mi) north of Malang. It is a twin volcano, with the 'twins' being Arjuno and Welirang. There is at least one other stratovolcano in the area, and around 10 pyroclastic cones nearby. They are located in a 6 km line between Arjuno and Welirang. The Arjuno-Welirang volcanic complex itself lies in the older two volcanoes, Mount Ringgit to the east and Mount Linting to the south. The summit lacks vegetation. Fumarolic areas with sulfur deposits are found in several locations in Welirang.
The name Arjuno is a Javanese rendition of Arjuna, a hero in the Mahabharata epic, while Welirang is the Javanese word for sulfur.
A 1950 eruption was measured at VEI=2 in terms of explosiveness. There was an explosive eruption. Another eruption occurred two years later in 1952. This eruption was measured at VEI=0.
A 300 hectare slope of Mount Arjuno near the road of Surabaya-Malang is used by Taman Safari II.
# Antimicrobial nanotechnology

Antimicrobial nanotechnology is the study of using biofilms to disrupt a microbe's cell membrane, deliver an electric charge to the microbe, and cause immediate cellular death via a "mechanical kill" process, preventing the original microbe from mutating into a superbug.
The biofilms are made up of long atomic chains that can breach the cell wall. These spikes are roughly the size of a human hair and are far too small to injure large cells in mammals. These atom chains have a significant positive charge that attracts bacteria that are negatively charged. A new class of antimicrobial has been created by applying nanotechnology to the challenge of superbugs and multiple drug resistance organisms.

## Problem statement

According to a report published in the Archives of Internal Medicine on 22 February 2010, health care–associated infections affect 1.7 million hospitalizations per year.
The most prevalent nosocomial infections can live or stay on surfaces for months, posing a continuing transmission risk. On dry surfaces, most gram-positive bacteria, including Enterococcus spp. (including VRE), Staphylococcus aureus (including MRSA), and Streptococcus pyogenes, can persist for months.
VRE has been cultured from frequently touched objects and has been found to survive on surfaces for more than three days. Dried cotton fabrics have been shown to support Enterococci that is resistant to vancomycin for up to 18 hours and fungi for more than five days.
Nanotechnology antimicrobials are promising because they limit the spread of bacteria by lowering the number of infection agents at frequent contact points (doorknobs, rails, tables, etc.). These new treatments have been certified by the Environmental Protection Agency and are being considered for use in hospitals and other settings where community-acquired illnesses spread quickly, such as cruise ships and jails. Environmental measures and adequate antibiotic use are the first steps in preventing the emergence of superbugs. According to studies, even if a patient does not need an antibiotic, a doctor is considerably more likely to prescribe one if they believe the patient does.

## Safety and effects to the environment

Antimicrobial nanotechnology is an environmentally friendly solution because it is based from water and contains no heavy metals, arsenic, tin, or polychlorinated phenols. According to tests, a garment treated with antimicrobial nanotechnology will degrade in a landfill in 5 years to carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and silicon dioxide.

## Using a nanotechnology antimicrobial

Biofilms are being developed as consumer products that can be sprayed or wiped over porous and nonporous surfaces. The microbe resistance of a surface treated with the appropriate antimicrobial nanotechnology can last up to 90 days, or the product's usable life, if protected during the production process. On the preventative front, European researchers are developing MRSA-resistant nanotechnology-enhanced textiles that might be utilised in hospital gowns, curtains, bedding, and pillow coverings.
# Modesto Valle

Modesto Valle (Italian pronunciation:; 15 March 1893 – 7 June 1979) was an Italian footballer who played as a defender. He competed for Italy in the men's football tournament at the 1912 Summer Olympics.

## Honours
### Club
#### Pro Vercelli

Italian Football Championship: 1910–11, 1911–12, 1912–13
# 2008 Peshawar bombings

There were two bombings in Peshawar, North West Frontier Province, Pakistan, in 2008.

## September 2008 Peshawar bombing

The September 2008 Peshawar bombing was a bombing that occurred on 6 September 2008, in the outskirts of Peshawar. A suicide bomber blew up at a police checkpoint, killing 35 and injuring 70. The explosives-packed pick-up truck blasted a crater 3-foot-deep (0.91 m) crater and caused some buildings in a nearby market to collapse, leading to frantic rescue efforts.

## December 2008 Peshawar bombing

The December 2008 Peshawar bombing was a bombing that occurred on 5 December 2008 in Peshawar, killing 29 people and injuring over 100 others. Local police chief Naveed Khan suggested that chemicals intended to increase the spread of fire were contained in the bomb.
The attack destroyed a hotel and a mosque, and set fire to several shops.

### Background

The incidents took place while people were shopping for the Eid al-Adha festival, which starts on 9 December 2008, and it took place on the same day as another attack in the country, which killed six people. This attack took place in the area south of Peshawar.
During the weeks before the attack Sunni Muslim groups of militants launched attacks on the minority Shi'ite population, with this attack being located near a community centre for Shi'ites.

### Reaction

Asif Ali Zardari, the President of Pakistan, strongly condemned the attacks, and said that the perpetrators of the attacks will be found and brought to justice, and expressed his condolences to the families of the dead.
He also stated, in response to the attacks, that his country was committed to fighting terrorism. The Pakistani military strengthened its operations against the Taliban and al-Qaida, who are blamed for the attacks.
# Elette Boyle

Elette Boyle (Hebrew: אלט בויל) is an American and Israeli computer scientist and cryptographer, known for her research on secret sharing, digital signatures, and obfuscation. She is a professor of computer science at the Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya, where she directs the Center for Foundations and Applications of Cryptographic Theory.

## Education and career

Boyle is originally from Yamhill, Oregon. She studied mathematics at the California Institute of Technology, competed for Caltech in the high jump, and was named Caltech's female scholar-athlete of the year for 2007–2008. After graduating in 2008, she completed her Ph.D. at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, under the joint supervision of Shafi Goldwasser and Yael Tauman Kalai. Before joining the IDC Herzliya faculty, she was a postdoctoral researcher at the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology and at Cornell University.

## Recognition

A paper by Boyle on secret sharing using homomorphic encryption was given the best paper award at the 2016 International Cryptology Conference (Crypto). She was an invited plenary speaker at Public Key Cryptography 2018.
# Dinu Cristea

Dinu Cristea (10 August 1911 – 1991) was a Romanian long-distance runner. He competed in the marathon at the 1952 Summer Olympics, finishing in 31st place.
He ran for the first time in an official competition in 1933. With a height of 1.66 m (5 ft 5 in) and a weight of 60 kg (130 lb), his physique was well-suited for running.
During his running career, Cristea earned 46 national titles (the highest number in Romanian athletics) and established 19 national records. His favorite events were the 5000 metres and the 10,000 metres, although he would also occasionally compete in the 1500 metres and the marathon. He retired at age 51.
# Achanak (1973 film)

Achanak (transl. Suddenly) is a 1973 Indian Hindi-language film, directed by Gulzar, written by Khwaja Ahmad Abbas, and starring Vinod Khanna. Gulzar received a Filmfare nomination as Best Director for this film. Even though Gulzar is an accomplished lyricist, this film did not have any songs in it. K. A. Abbas earned a Filmfare nomination for best story. It is inspired by the real-life sensational 1958 murder case K. M. Nanavati v State of Maharashtra.
The actual messages conveyed by the movie are more sublime than simple cuckoldry. First and foremost is the futility of a doctor's efforts to save life of an already condemned person. Tragically, the doctor saves the life of a person, who is already condemned. After months of untiring efforts of doctors, nurses and all paramedical staff, the condemned person finally meets his fate at the gallows. Ethics of human killing is another message. While on one hand the protagonist is awarded a Vir Chakra for killing several humans, on another he is punished to death for killing just two humans.
1963 movie Yeh Rastey Hain Pyar Ke was also based on the same case. Akshay Kumar starrer 2016 movie Rustom is based on the same case as well.
The film had no songs, the background score is composed by Vasant Desai.

## Plot

Major Ranjit Khanna loves his wife Pushpa, who loves him equally. His commanding officer, Lt. Col. Bakshi, is his father-in-law. Ranjit is happy in his married life, until he finds out about his wife's affair with his best friend. On realizing this, however, he kills both of them and surrenders himself to the police. Then, he escapes from the police in search of the river Ganga, as he wants to fulfill his wife's desire to leave her Mangalsutra in the river Ganga. However, in that attempt, the police shoot him and he is injured. He is then admitted to the hospital, where he becomes emotionally attached to the doctors and nurses. So, when he is finally sentenced to death, they also move to tears.

## Cast

| Character | Actor |
| EX -Major Ranjeet Khanna | Vinod Khanna |
| Dr Chaudhary | Om Shivpuri |
| Mrs Pushpa Khanna | Lily Chakravarty |
| Nurse Radha | Farida Jalal |
| Dr Kailash | Asrani |
| Colonel Bakshi | Iftekhar |
| Mr Gupta, Supdt of Police | Kamal Deep |

## Production

The entire film production was completed in 28 days. Achanak was based on a Khwaja Ahmed Abbas story, The Thirteenth Victim, which had appeared in the magazine called Imprint. In 1973 N.C Sippy's sons, Romu Sippy and Raj Sippy collaborated with partner Hrishikesh Mukherjee to produce Achanak and they approached Gulzar to direct it. Gulzar approached Vasantrao, a marathi background score composer to compose the score for this film since it would have no songs otherwise.

## Soundtrack

Background music was composed by Vasant Desai.
| # | Song Title | Singer |
| 1 | "Sun Mere Bandhu Re" | S D Burman |
# Mount Gamkonora

Mount Gamkonora is a stratovolcano on Halmahera island, Indonesia. With an elevation of 1,560 metres (5,118 ft), it is the highest peak on the island. It has produced an elongated series of craters along the north–south rift.
Mount Gamkonora is an active volcano that produced 13 eruptions with indices from 1 to 5 on the Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI). The largest eruption occurred on 20 May 1673 (VEI-5) and was accompanied by a tsunami which inundated the nearby villages. Between 1564 and 1989 the volcano erupted twelve times.
The volcano erupted again on 10 July 2007, with over 8,000 people reported to have fled their homes in the vicinity.
# Comberton Village College

Comberton Village College is an 11–18 mixed secondary school and sixth form with academy status on the edge of Comberton village in Cambridge, Cambridgeshire. It opened in 1960 as a village college.

## History

The school was first opened in 1960 by Henry Morris, where it was opened to 330 children and 11 teaching staff. In 1974, the school became fully comprehensive and, in April 1993, it became grant-maintained. It changed to a Foundation School and has recently become a Foundation School with a Trust: the recently formed Comberton Educational Trust. The school was granted a presumption to open a new sixth form due to its high-performing status. Capital funding from the Learning and Skills Council was secured to build the required new facilities for a sixth form. The sixth form department of the college opened in September 2011. The new sixth form building was opened by Sir David Bell, permanent secretary for the Department for Education on 14 June 2011.
In February 2011, Comberton Village College became an academy, operated by the Cam Academy Trust. The trust also operates Cambourne Village College which opened in Cambourne in September 2013, and Melbourn Village College in Melbourn, St Peter's School, Hartford Infant and Junior Schools in Huntingdon, Gamlingay First School and Jeavons Wood Primary School in Cambourne. The Gamlingay Village College joined the trust in September 2017.
In January 2016, Comberton Village College were featured in the ITV news for providing teaching resources to Edlumino in order to support the education of refugees in France.
In 2022, the college installed a ground source heat pump, as a ‘first’ in the UK.

## Standards

The college retained "Outstanding" status from Ofsted in February 2013. A 2015 "section 8" monitoring inspection confirmed the excellent standards at the college. In 2014, 77% of GCSE students achieved 5 A*-C grades (including English and Maths) and 66% of all A-level grades were A*-B.
# Dwaar Kill (Shawangunk Kill tributary)

The Dwaar Kill is a 7.8-mile-long (12.6 km) tributary of the Shawangunk Kill in Ulster County, New York, in the United States.
The source of the Dwaar Kill is located in the Minnewaska State Park Preserve.
# Knobbly knees competition

A knobbly knees (or knobbliest knees) competition is a parody of a beauty contest, in which the winner is the person judged to have the knobbliest, or most misshapen, knees.
Such competitions were popular entertainments at British pre- and post-war era holiday camps such as Butlin's (where they were introduced in the 1930s) and Pontins. The competitions became a byword for the holiday camp lifestyle.
A June 1947 knobbliest knees contest at Butlin's Skegness camp was judged by Laurel and Hardy. The denouement of the 1973 British comedy-drama film The Best Pair of Legs in the Business—from which the film takes its title—relies on a character having participated in a knobbly knees competition.
# Sara Bertolasi

Sara Bertolasi (29 April 1988, Busto Arsizo) is an Italian rower. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, she competed in the Women's coxless pair with Claudia Wurzel. At the 2016 Olympic Games, she competed in the same event with Alessandra Patelli. She was part of the Italian women's eight who won the silver medal at the 2012 European Rowing Championships on home water in Varese. She and Wurzel won bronze at the 2011 European Rowing Championships.
# Cerium(III) fluoride

Cerium(III) fluoride (or cerium trifluoride), CeF$_3$, is an ionic compound of the rare earth metal cerium and fluorine.
It appears as a mineral in the form of fluocerite-(Ce) - a very rare mineral species related mainly to pegmatites and rarely to oxidation zones of some polymetallic ore deposits. CeF$_3$ may be used as a Faraday rotator material in the visible, near-infrared and mid-infrared spectral range.

## Structure

The crystal structure of cerium(III) fluoride is described as the LaF$_3$ or tysonite structure. It contains 9-coordinate cerium ions that adopt an approximately tricapped trigonal prismatic coordination geometry, although it can be considered 11-coordinate if two more distant fluorides are considered part of the cerium coordination environment. The three crystallographically independent fluoride ions are 3-coordinate and range in geometry from trigonal planar to pyramidal.
Coordination in cerium(III) fluoride :
| Cerium coordination | Fluorine F1 coordination | Fluorine F2 coordination | Fluorine F3 coordination |
# Baga Bogd

Baga Bogd (Mongolian: Бага Богд, lit. "lesser saint") is a mountain of the Gobi-Altai Mountains and located in the Övörkhangai Province in Mongolia. Its highest peak Myangan Yamaat has an elevation of 3,620 metres (11,877 ft).
# The Brits Who Built the Modern World

The Brits Who Built the Modern World is a British factual television series that was first broadcast on BBC Four from 13 to 27 February 2014. The three-part series tells the story of British architects Richard Rogers, Norman Foster, Nicholas Grimshaw, Michael Hopkins and Terry Farrell.

## Production

The series was produced with the Open University and a Royal Institute of British Architects exhibition (which also included Lady Patty Hopkins). The exhibition was open between 13 February and 27 May 2014.

## Episode list

| # | Title | Directed by | Written by | Original air date |
| 1 | "The Freedom of the Future" | Peter Sweasey | Peter Sweasey | 13 February 2014 (2014-02-13) |
| 2 | "The Power of the Past" | Peter Sweasey | Peter Sweasey | 20 February 2014 (2014-02-20) |
| 3 | "The Politics of Power" | Peter Sweasey | Peter Sweasey | 27 February 2014 (2014-02-27) |

## Controversy

The series was the subject of controversy when the BBC were accused of removing Patty Hopkins from a photograph of the architects, used to illustrate the third programme of the series. Patty Hopkins had been a full partner in the Hopkins company from the outset. The BBC were accused of ignoring women architects, though the BBC responded by saying that at the start of making the series, the director met with both Michael and Patricia Hopkins to discuss their involvement in the series.
# Operation Lucky Alphonse

Operation Lucky Alphonse was a failed British Armed Forces operation that occurred during the EOKA insurgency in Cyprus. The British military sustained more than 30 casualties. Albeit almost all casualties were sustained from an accidental forest fire.

## Background

Operation Lucky Alphonse was launched in the area of the Troodos Mountains in order to destroy bases in the area and also to find and capture or even eliminate the EOKA leader Georgios Grivas. It was the continuation of the previous "Operation pepperpot" which had led the British Armed Forces to capturing a few weapons and weakening three cells. Grivas, alongside EOKAs second in command, Grigoris Afxentiou, had previously escaped capture by the British in the Battle of Spilia, which took place in December 1955, making the British forces get entangled in a friendly fire incident which Britain took heavy casualties.

## Operation

The operation entailed multiple units of the armed forces in the Troodos mountains and at some point, Grivas was spotted, however, in the ensuing gunfight, Grivas managed to escape. A fire starting shortly after leaving more than 30 casualties, however having minor success in the seizure of some ammunition, documents and the arrest of two individuals.
# Dyberry Creek

Dyberry Creek is a 7.3-mile-long (11.7 km) tributary of the Lackawaxen River in Wayne County, Pennsylvania, in the United States.
Dyberry Creek joins the Lackawaxen River at Honesdale. The creek is formed by the confluence of two branches: the east and west.
The creek and its branches are often stocked with trout.
# Spring Glen, Washington

Spring Glen is an unincorporated community in King County, Washington.