# 107th United States Congress

The 107th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from January 3, 2001, to January 3, 2003, during the final weeks of the Clinton presidency and the first two years of the George W. Bush presidency. The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the 1990 United States census.
The House of Representatives had a Republican majority throughout the session, while the Senate was tied 50–50 for only the second time in history resulting in numerous changes in the majority. Vice President Al Gore gave Democrats a majority for 17 days, then a Republican majority after Dick Cheney became Vice President on January 20, 2001. Senator Jim Jeffords (R-VT) became an independent who caucused with the Democrats on June 6, 2001, giving the party a 51–49 majority for the rest of the Congress.
When Bush was sworn in as president on January 20, the Republicans held a federal trifecta for the first time since the 83rd Congress in 1955.

## Major events

A rare even split in the United States Senate, the defection of a Senator, and the inauguration of a new Vice President, led to three changes in majorities.
* January 3, 2001: The 107th Congress officially begins, with the Senate split 50–50. Democrat Al Gore — the outgoing Vice President — briefly gives the Democrats a majority.
* January 3, 2001: First Lady Hillary Clinton, wife of outgoing President Bill Clinton, became the first, and, to date, only presidential spouse to hold political office (briefly serving as both First Lady and Senator).
* January 20, 2001: George W. Bush was sworn in as the 43rd President of the United States; simultaneously, Dick Cheney was sworn in as the 46th Vice President, giving Republicans a Senate majority.
* February 27, 2001: President Bush addressed a joint session of Congress.
* May 24, 2001: Senator Jim Jeffords left the Republican Party, becoming an independent who caucused with the Democrats, giving them a majority from June 6.
* September 11, 2001: The September 11 attacks occurred.
* September 20, 2001: President Bush addressed a joint session of Congress, announcing the investigation into the September 11 attacks.
* October 7, 2001: Operation Enduring Freedom began with airstrikes against the Taliban.
* October 9, 2001: Anthrax spores were mailed to, among others, two Senators, Majority Leader Tom Daschle (D-SD) and Patrick Leahy (D-VT).
* December 2001: Accounting scandals arise from the financial practices of Enron and WorldCom.
* June 12, 2002: John Howard, the Prime Minister of Australia, addressed a joint session of Congress. The address was originally scheduled for September 12, 2001, but was postponed after the September 11 attacks.
* September 6, 2002: Over 300 members of both houses of Congress meet in Federal Hall, New York City, to mark the first anniversary of the September 11 attacks and memorialize the victims.
* October 25, 2002: Senator Paul Wellstone (D-MN), dies in a plane crash, and non-caucusing Independence Party member Dean Barkley is appointed to hold the seat until a special election was held.
* November 23, 2002: Jim Talent wins the United States Senate special election for a Missouri seat, giving Republicans the majority once again (though formal reorganization was delayed until the 108th United States Congress convened).

## Major legislation

* June 7, 2001: Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act, Pub. L. 107–16 (text) (PDF), 115 Stat. 38
* September 18, 2001: Authorization for Use of Military Force of 2001, Pub.L. 107-40
* September 22, 2001: Air Transportation Safety and System Stabilization Act, Pub.L. 107-42
* September 28, 2001: United States-Jordan Free Trade Area Implementation Act, Pub.L. 107-43
* October 26, 2001: "USA PATRIOT" Act, Pub. L. 107–56 (text) (PDF), 115 Stat. 272
* October 27, 2001: International Money Laundering Abatement and Financial Anti-Terrorism Act of 2001, Pub.L. 107-57
* November 19, 2001: Aviation and Transportation Security Act, Pub.L. 107-71
* December 18, 2001: MD-Care Act, Pub.L. 107-84
* December 21, 2001: Zimbabwe Democracy and Economic Recovery Act of 2001, Pub.L. 107-99
* January 8, 2002: No Child Left Behind Act, Pub. L. 107–110 (text) (PDF), 115 Stat. 1425
* January 8, 2002: District of Columbia Police Coordination Amendment Act of 2001, Pub.L. 107-113
* January 11, 2002: Small Business Liability Relief and Brownfields Revitalization Act, Pub. L. 107–118 (text) (PDF), 115 Stat. 2356
* March 9, 2002: Job Creation and Worker Assistance Act, Pub. L. 107–147 (text) (PDF), 116 Stat. 21
* March 27, 2002: Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (McCain-Feingold), Pub. L. 107–155 (text) (PDF), 116 Stat. 81
* May 13, 2002: Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002, Pub. L. 107–171 (text) (PDF), 116 Stat. 134
* May 14, 2002: Hematological Cancer Research Investment and Education Act, Pub.L. 107-172
* May 14, 2002: Enhanced Border Security and Visa Entry Reform Act of 2002, Pub.L. 107-173
* May 15, 2002: Notification and Federal Employee Antidiscrimination and Retaliation (No-FEAR) Act of 2002, Pub.L. 107-174
* July 30, 2002: Sarbanes–Oxley Act, Pub. L. 107–204 (text) (PDF), 116 Stat. 745
* August 5, 2002: Born-Alive Infants Protection Act of 2002, Pub.L. 107-207
* August 6, 2002: Trade Act of 2002, Pub. L. 107–210 (text) (PDF), 116 Stat. 933
* October 1, 2002: National Construction Safety Team Act, Pub.L. 107-231
* October 16, 2002: Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq, Pub. L. 107–243 (text) (PDF), 116 Stat. 1497
* October 21, 2002: Sudan Peace Act, Pub. L. 107–245 (text) (PDF), 116 Stat. 1504
* October 29, 2002: Help America Vote Act, Pub. L. 107–252 (text) (PDF), 116 Stat. 1666
* November 6, 2002: Rare Diseases Act of 2002, Pub.L. 107-280
* November 25, 2002: Maritime Transportation Security Act of 2002, Pub.L. 107-295
* November 25, 2002: Homeland Security Act, Pub. L. 107–296 (text) (PDF), 116 Stat. 2135
* November 26, 2002: Terrorism Risk Insurance Act of 2002, Pub.L. 107-297
* December 17, 2002: E-Government Act of 2002, Pub. L. 107–347 (text) (PDF), 116 Stat. 2899

## Party summary
### Senate

* Senate membership
* Final (from December 2, 2002)
* January 3, 2001 – January 20, 2001
* January 20, 2001 – June 6, 2001
* June 6, 2001 – October 25, 2002
* October 25, 2002 – November 4, 2002
* November 4, 2002 – November 23, 2002
* November 23, 2002 – November 30, 2002
* November 30, 2002 – December 2, 2002
| | Party (Shading indicates party control) | Party (Shading indicates party control) | Party (Shading indicates party control) | Party (Shading indicates party control) | Total | |
| | Democratic | Independent | Independence | Republican | Total | Vacant |
| End of previous Congress | 46 | 0 | 0 | 54 | 100 | 0 |
| Begin | 50 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 100 | 0 |
| January 20, 2001 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 100 | 0 |
| June 6, 2001 | 50 | 1 | 0 | 49 | 100 | 0 |
| October 25, 2002 | 49 | 1 | 0 | 49 | 99 | 1 |
| November 4, 2002 | 49 | 1 | 1 | 49 | 100 | 0 |
| November 23, 2002 | 48 | 1 | 1 | 50 | 100 | 0 |
| November 30, 2002 | 48 | 1 | 1 | 49 | 99 | 1 |
| December 2, 2002 | 48 | 1 | 1 | 50 | 100 | 0 |
| Final voting share | 49% | 49% | 1% | 50% | | |
| Beginning of the next Congress | 48 | 1 | 0 | 51 | 100 | 0 |

### House of Representatives

| | Party (Shading indicates majority caucus) | Party (Shading indicates majority caucus) | Party (Shading indicates majority caucus) | Party (Shading indicates majority caucus) | Total | |
| | Democratic | Independent | Independent | Republican | Total | Vacant |
| | Democratic | caucused with Democrats | caucused with Republicans | Republican | Total | Vacant |
| End of previous Congress | 208 | 1 | 1 | 222 | 432 | 3 |
| Begin | 211 | 1 | 1 | 221 | 434 | 1 |
| January 31, 2001 | 211 | 1 | 1 | 220 | 433 | 2 |
| March 30, 2001 | 210 | 1 | 1 | 220 | 432 | 3 |
| May 15, 2001 | 210 | 1 | 1 | 221 | 433 | 2 |
| May 28, 2001 | 209 | 1 | 1 | 221 | 432 | 3 |
| June 5, 2001 | 210 | 1 | 1 | 221 | 433 | 2 |
| June 19, 2001 | 210 | 1 | 1 | 222 | 434 | 1 |
| August 5, 2001 | 210 | 1 | 1 | 221 | 433 | 2 |
| August 16, 2001 | 210 | 1 | 1 | 220 | 432 | 3 |
| September 6, 2001 | 210 | 1 | 1 | 219 | 431 | 4 |
| October 16, 2001 | 211 | 1 | 1 | 220 | 433 | 2 |
| November 20, 2001 | 211 | 1 | 1 | 221 | 434 | 1 |
| December 18, 2001 | 211 | 1 | 1 | 222 | 435 | 0 |
| July 24, 2002 | 210 | 1 | 1 | 222 | 434 | 1 |
| August 1, 2002 | 210 | 1 | 0 | 223 | 434 | 1 |
| September 9, 2002 | 209 | 1 | 0 | 223 | 433 | 2 |
| September 28, 2002 | 208 | 1 | 0 | 223 | 432 | 3 |
| November 30, 2002 | 209 | 1 | 0 | 223 | 433 | 2 |
| Final voting share | 48.5% | 48.5% | 51.5% | 51.5% | | |
| Beginning of the next Congress | 205 | 1 | 0 | 229 | 435 | 0 |

## Leadership
### Senate

* President: Al Gore (D), until January 20, 2001
** Dick Cheney (R), from January 20, 2001
* President pro tempore: Robert Byrd (D), until January 20, 2001
** Strom Thurmond (R), January 20 – June 6, 2001
** Robert Byrd (D), from June 6, 2001

#### Republican leadership

* Minority Leader: Trent Lott (R), until January 20, 2001, and from June 6, 2001
** Majority leader January 20 – June 6, 2001
* Minority Whip: Don Nickles (R), until January 20, 2001, and from June 6, 2001
** Majority whip January 20 – June 6, 2001
* Republican Conference Chairman: Rick Santorum
* Republican Conference Secretary: Kay Bailey Hutchison
* Republican Campaign Committee Chair: Bill Frist
* Republican Policy Committee Chairman: Larry Craig

#### Democratic leadership

* Majority Leader: Tom Daschle (D), until January 20, 2001, and from June 6, 2001
** Minority leader January 20 – June 6, 2001
* Majority Whip: Harry Reid (D), until January 20, 2001, and from June 6, 2001
** Minority whip January 20 – June 6, 2001
* Democratic Policy Committee Chairman: Byron Dorgan
* Democratic Conference Secretary: Barbara Mikulski
* Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: Patty Murray
* Democratic Chief Deputy Whip: John Breaux

### House of Representatives

* Speaker: Dennis Hastert (R)

#### Majority (Republican) leadership

* Majority Leader: Dick Armey
* Majority Whip: Tom DeLay
* Chief Deputy Whip: Roy Blunt
* Republican Conference Chairman: J. C. Watts
* Republican Conference Vice-Chairman: Deborah Pryce
* Republican Conference Secretary: Barbara Cubin
* Policy Committee Chairman: Christopher Cox
* Republican Campaign Committee Chairman: Thomas M. Davis
* House Rules Committee Chairman: David Dreier

#### Minority (Democratic) leadership

* Minority Leader: Dick Gephardt
* Minority Whip: David E. Bonior, until January 15, 2002
** Nancy Pelosi, from January 15, 2002
* Chief Deputy Minority Whips: John Lewis, Ed Pastor, Max Sandlin & Maxine Waters
* Democratic Caucus Chairman: Martin Frost
* Democratic Caucus Vice Chairman: Bob Menendez
* Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: Nita Lowey

## Members

    Skip to House of Representatives, below

### Senate

Senators are listed by their class. In this Congress, Class 2 meant their term ended with this Congress, facing re-election in 2002; Class 3 meant their term began in the previous Congress, facing re-election in 2004; and Class 1 meant their term began in this Congress, facing re-election in 2006.
* Alabama
* Alaska
* Arizona
* Arkansas
* California
* Colorado
* Connecticut
* Delaware
* Florida
* Georgia
* Hawaii
* Idaho
* Illinois
* Indiana
* Iowa
* Kansas
* Kentucky
* Louisiana
* Maine
* Maryland
* Massachusetts
* Michigan
* Minnesota
* Mississippi
* Missouri
* Montana
* Nebraska
* Nevada
* New Hampshire
* New Jersey
* New Mexico
* New York
* North Carolina
* North Dakota
* Ohio
* Oklahoma
* Oregon
* Pennsylvania
* Rhode Island
* South Carolina
* South Dakota
* Tennessee
* Texas
* Utah
* Vermont
* Virginia
* Washington
* West Virginia
* Wisconsin
* Wyoming

### House of Representatives

Congressional district numbers are linked to articles describing the district itself.
* Alabama
* Alaska
* Arizona
* Arkansas
* California
* Colorado
* Connecticut
* Delaware
* Florida
* Georgia
* Hawaii
* Idaho
* Illinois
* Indiana
* Iowa
* Kansas
* Kentucky
* Louisiana
* Maine
* Maryland
* Massachusetts
* Michigan
* Minnesota
* Mississippi
* Missouri
* Montana
* Nebraska
* Nevada
* New Hampshire
* New Jersey
* New Mexico
* New York
* North Carolina
* North Dakota
* Ohio
* Oklahoma
* Oregon
* Pennsylvania
* Rhode Island
* South Carolina
* South Dakota
* Tennessee
* Texas
* Utah
* Vermont
* Virginia
* Washington
* West Virginia
* Wisconsin
* Wyoming
* Non-voting members

## Committees

Lists of committees and their party leaders for members of the House and Senate committees can be found through the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of this article. The directory after the pages of terms of service lists committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and, after that, House/Senate committee assignments. On the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.

### Joint committees

* Economic (Chair: Rep. Jim Saxton, Vice Chair: Sen. Jack Reed)
* Taxation (Chair: Rep. Bill Thomas, Vice Chair: Sen. Max Baucus)
* The Library (Chair: Rep. Vernon J. Ehlers, Vice Chair: Sen. Chris Dodd)
* Printing (Chair: Sen. Mark Dayton, Vice Chair: Rep. Robert W. Ney)

## Employees
### Legislative branch agency directors

* Architect of the Capitol: Alan M. Hantman
* Attending Physician of the United States Congress: John F. Eisold
* Comptroller General of the United States: David M. Walker
* Director of the Congressional Budget Office: Dan Crippen
* Librarian of Congress: James H. Billington
* Public Printer of the United States: Michael F. DiMario, until 2002
** Bruce James, from 2002

### Senate

* Chaplain: Lloyd John Ogilvie (Presbyterian)
* Curator: Diane K. Skvarla
* Historian: Richard A. Baker
* Parliamentarian: Bob Dove, until May 2001
** Alan Frumin, May 2001 - end
* Secretary: Gary Lee Sisco, until July 11, 2001
** Jeri Thomson, July 12, 2001 - end
* Librarian: Greg Harness
* Sergeant at Arms: James W. Ziglar, until August 2, 2001
** Alfonso E. Lenhardt, September 4, 2001 - end
* Secretary for the Majority / Minority:
** Martin P. Paone (Democrats)
** Elizabeth B. Letchworth (Republicans)
** David J. Schiappa (Republicans)

### House of Representatives

* Chaplain: Daniel P. Coughlin (Roman Catholic)
* Chief Administrative Officer: James M. Eagen III
* Clerk: Jeff Trandahl
* Parliamentarian: Charles W. Johnson
* Reading Clerks:
** Mary Kevin Niland (D)
** Paul Hays (R)
* Sergeant at Arms: Wilson Livingood
* Inspector General: Steven McNamara