OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# U4 (Hamburg U-Bahn)

The U4 is a line of the Hamburg U-Bahn, which opened in 2012, serving 12 stations. It is the shortest line of the network, with a length of 11.9 kilometres (7.39 mi) and from Jungfernstieg to Billstedt it shares tracks with the U2. Its identifying colour, as seen on route maps, trains, and station signs is turquoise.

## Route

The U4 is the newest line of the Hamburg U-Bahn and the first line that is to form as a branch of an older, existing line. It shares the U2's tracks from Billstedt to the major transfer station Jungfernstieg, located in the city center, branching off 165 meters (541 ft) before the station and stopping at the outer tracks of the four-platform station. It then traverses under the Neustadt in a far-swinging 180° bend and reaches the newly built Überseequartier station in HafenCity after about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi). The following station, HafenCity Universität lies about 650 meters (2,130 ft) to the east in the Elbtorquartier. On 7 December 2018 the line was extended 1.3 km (0.81 mi) eastward, to a new terminus at Elbbrücken, allowing for a future S-Bahn connection with lines S3/S5.
The line runs almost entirely underground, only surfacing at Elbbrücken and Billstedt at both ends. There is also a short uncovered section east of Burgstraße.

## Projected extensions
### Elbbrücken

In January 2013, the government of Hamburg decided to build the U4 one more station to Elbbrücken. At Elbbrücken, the U4 will have connections to the Hamburg S-Bahn. In April 2015, the construction works for the extension of the U4 started. The new station at Elbbrücken opened on 7 December 2018.

### Eastern extension from Horner Rennbahn to Dannerallee

At Horner Rennbahn, the U4 is planned to branch off of the U2 and continue east under the Manshardtstraße. Two new stations are planned along this extension: Stoltenstraße, east of the existing bus stop with the same name, and Dannerallee, west of the bus station with the same name in the area of a local shopping center. Following the two stations, the construction of a two-track storage facility is also planned, which is to be built in such a way as to allow a later extension of the line towards Jenfeld. Overall, the extension to Dannerallee is expected to connect the households of around 13,000 people to the metro network. By 2030 the Hochbahn expects 13,600 daily passengers on the line.

## Gallery

* Elbbrücken
* HafenCity Universität
* Überseequartier
* Jungfernstieg
* Billstedt (shared with U2)
# 2017 Birling Gap incident

On 27 August 2017, Beachy Head and beaches including Birling Gap, in the English county of East Sussex, were evacuated following a suspected chemical leak. Visitors reported ill effects after the appearance of a "mist", and 233 people were treated at Eastbourne General Hospital, initially with a full chemical decontamination. Witnesses reported stinging and dried-up eyes, regardless of repeated eyewashes.
The identity of the gas was unclear, but chlorine was initially blamed. East Sussex Fire and Rescue Service stated that "due to the symptoms and situation described", the gas was unlikely to be chlorine. Previous chemical emission clouds had drifted across from industrial units in Northern France; however, the Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MCA) stated that in this incident such a scenario was unlikely due to weather models. The MCA said that one line of investigation was a possible leak from a disturbed shipwreck, with the SS Mira, a 3,700-tonne First World War armed tanker sunk by a German mine on 11 October 1917, suggested as one potential source. Investigators from the MCA also looked at some 180 ships that passed through the area on 27 August 2017.
In 2018 BBC Sussex requested police, fire and ambulance logs under a freedom of information request. The National Police Air Service and Ministry of Defence were asked to help but said their aircraft could not fly in the circumstances. Helicopters could not be used to investigate the haze in case the gas was explosive. East Sussex Fire Service used gas detection equipment, but could not detect anything as the cloud had dispersed.

## Reaction

Caroline Lucas, the Green Party MP for Brighton Pavilion, called for an urgent inquiry to determine the cause.

## Defra report

A report conducted by Defra into the incident was inconclusive as to the precise source of the release due to the absence of samples to determine the chemicals involved. The report did rule out land-based sources in either England or France but suggested that the cloud most likely originated from a ship, wreck or lost cargo in the English Channel.
# Wendell Meredith Stanley

Wendell Meredith Stanley (August 16, 1904 – June 15, 1971) was an American biochemist, virologist and Nobel laureate.

## Biography

Stanley was born in Ridgeville, Indiana, and earned a BSc in chemistry at Earlham College in Richmond, Indiana. He then studied at the University of Illinois, gaining an MS in science in 1927 followed by a PhD in chemistry two years later. His later accomplishments include writing the book "Chemistry: A Beautiful Thing" and being a Pulitzer Prize nominee.

### Research

Although a member of National Research Council, he moved to Munich for temporarily academic work with Heinrich Wieland before he returned to the United States in 1931. On return he was approved as an assistant at The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research. He remained with the Institute until 1948, becoming an Associate Member in 1937, and a Member in 1940. In 1948, he became Professor of Biochemistry at the University of California, Berkeley and built the Virus Laboratory and a free-standing Department of Biochemistry building, which is now called Stanley Hall.
Stanley's work contributed to on lepracidal compounds, diphenyl stereochemistry and the chemistry of the sterols. His research on the virus causing the mosaic disease in tobacco plants led to the isolation of a nucleoprotein which displayed tobacco mosaic virus activity.
Stanley was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1940 and the United States National Academy of Sciences in 1941. He was awarded a ¼ share in the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 1946. In 1949, he was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. His other notable awards included the Rosenburger Medal, Alder Prize, Scott Award, the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement and the AMA Scientific Achievement Award. He was also awarded honorary degrees by many universities both American and foreign, including Harvard, Yale, Princeton and the University of Paris. Most of the conclusions Stanley had presented in his Nobel-winning research were soon shown to be incorrect (in particular, that the crystals of mosaic virus he had isolated were pure protein, and assembled by autocatalysis).

### Personal life

Stanley married Marian Staples (1905–1984) in 1929 and had three daughters (Marjorie, Dorothy and Janet) and a son (Wendell Meredith Junior). Stanley Hall at UC Berkeley (now Stanley Biosciences and Bioengineering Facility) and Stanley Hall at Earlham College are named in his honor. His daughter, Marjorie, married Robert Albo, physician to the Golden State Warriors basketball team as well as the Oakland Raiders football team. He died in Salamanca, Spain on June 15, 1971.
# L.J. McCray (defensive lineman)

Lawal “L.J.” McCray (born October 18, 2005) is an American football defensive lineman for the Florida Gators and was considered one of the top defensive prospects in the 2024 recruiting class.

## Early life and high school

McCray attended Mainland High School in Daytona Beach, Florida. He played as a defensive lineman and tight end on the varsity team but also as center for the basketball team. In his sophomore year, he racked up two sacks, two total tackles as a defensive lineman and three yards as a tight end.
In his junior year, McCray’s production increased drastically with 44 total tackles and three sacks. He also produced 159 yards and two touchdowns in receiving as a tight end.
In his senior year, his tackle production almost doubled with 77 tackles while his sack number quadrupled with 13.0 sacks and snagged his first and only interception of his high school career.
On October 21, 2023, McCray, a five-star recruit, committed to Florida over Georgia, Auburn, and Florida State.
College recruiting information (2024) :
| Name | Hometown | High school / college | Height | Weight | Commit date |
| L.J. McCray DL | Daytona Beach, Florida | Mainland | 6 ft 4 in (1.93 m) | 279 lb (127 kg) | Oct 21, 2023 |
| Star ratings: Rivals: 247Sports: ESPN: ESPN grade: 91 |||||||
# Taurean York

Taurean A. York (born June 21, 2005) is an American football linebacker for the Texas A&M Aggies.

## Early years

York attended Temple High School in Temple, Texas. During his high school career, he had 435 tackles, 15 sacks and one interception. He was the UIL District 12-6A Defensive MVP from his sophomore to senior seasons. York originally committed to play college football at Baylor University before switching to Texas A&M University.

## College career

York started all 13 games as a true freshman at Texas A&M in 2023 and was named a freshman All-American. He finished the year with 74 tackles and three sacks.
# 1999 Canisius Golden Griffins football team

The 1999 Canisius Golden Griffins football team represented Canisius College as a member of the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference (MAAC) during the 1999 NCAA Division I-AA football season. Led by Chuck Williams in his fifth and final season as head coach, the Golden Griffins compiled an overall record of 1–10 with a mark of 0–8 in conference play, placing last out of nine teams in the MAAC. The Canisius offense scored 133 points while the defense allowed 431 points.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 11 | 7:00 pm | at Rochester* | Fauver StadiumRochester, NY | W 26–14 | 3,164 |
| September 18 | 1:00 pm | at Saint Peter's | Cochrane StadiumJersey City, NJ | L 22–33 | 1,200 |
| September 25 | 1:30 pm | Fairfield | Demske FieldBuffalo, NY | L 20–59 | 765 |
| October 2 | 1:30 pm | Marist | Demske FieldBuffalo, NY | L 7–49 | 1,037 |
| October 9 | 1:00 pm | at La Salle | McCarthy StadiumPhiladelphia, PA | L 6–19 | 4,719 |
| October 16 | 1:30 pm | at Alfred* | Merrill FieldAlfred, NY | L 16–23 | 1,114 |
| October 23 | 1:00 pm | at Siena | Heritage ParkColonie, NY | L 6–38 | 491 |
| October 30 | 2:00 pm | Iona | Demske FieldBuffalo, NY | L 12–34 | 487 |
| November 6 | 1:00 pm | at St. John's* | DaSilva Memorial FieldJamaica, NY | L 0–45 | 814 |
| November 13 | 1:30 pm | Georgetown | Demske FieldBuffalo, NY | L 6–49 | 325 |
| November 20 | 12:00 pm | at Duquesne | Arthur J. Rooney Athletic FieldPittsburgh, PA | L 12–68 | 3,876 |
| *Non-conference gameAll times are in Eastern time |||||||
# Ptilotus auriculifolius

Ptilotus auriculifolius is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaranthaceae and is endemic to the north of Western Australia. It is an erect annual herb, with fleshy leaves at the base of the plant and on the stem, and oval to cylindrical spikes of hairy, densely arranged, green flowers with five fertile stamens.

## Description

Ptilotus auriculifolius is an erect annual herb that typically grows up to 0.4–1.3 m (1 ft 4 in – 4 ft 3 in) high and has fleshy leaves at the base of the plant and on the stems, 10–130 mm (0.39–5.12 in) long and 4–65 mm (0.16–2.56 in) wide. The flowers are green and densely arranged in oval to cylindrical spikes 12–110 mm (0.47–4.33 in) long and 25–35 mm (0.98–1.38 in) wide. There is a bract 4–5 mm (0.16–0.20 in) long and colourless bracteoles 7.0–8.4 mm (0.28–0.33 in) long at the base of the flowers. The outer tepals are 12.0–13.5 mm (0.47–0.53 in) long and the inner tepals are 11.8–13.0 mm (0.46–0.51 in) long with a tuft of hairs. Flowering occurs from May to October.

## Taxonomy

This species was first described in 1849 by Alfred Moquin-Tandon from an unpublished description by Allan Cunningham, and was given the name Trichinium auriculifolium in de Candolle's Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis. In 1882, Ferdinand von Mueller transferred the species to the genus, Ptilotus as P. auriculifolius. The specific epithet (auriculifolius) means 'ear-lobed-leaved'.

## Distribution and habitat

Ptilotus auriculifolius grows on rocky hills and stony, undulating plains in the Gascoyne, Great Sandy Desert, Little Sandy Desert, and Pilbara bioregions of northern Western Australia.

## Conservation status

Ptilotus auriculifolius is listed as "not threatened" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
# Qadam Shah Shahim

General Qadam Shah Shahim an Afghan diplomat and former army officer. He served as the Chief of Staff of the Afghan National Army from May 2015 to April 2017 before resigning amid political fallout over the 2017 Camp Shaheen attack.

## Early life and education

Shahim, an ethnic Tajik, was born in the Tashkan district of Badakhshan, in 1962 and attended Keshm High School, graduating in 1982.

## Military career
### Early military career

From the early 1980s, Shahim fought with Jamiat-e Islami against the Soviets. He later fought against other mujahedin factions during the civil war, and then against the Taliban. In 1994, he was appointed as commander of 82 Regiment in Qargha, and in 1997 was made a Brigadier. In 2001, Shahim was commander of the 37th Brigade of Commandos and dealt often with foreign forces.

### Late military career

In 2007, he commanded the 1st Brigade of the 111st Capital Division, based in Kabul. In 2011, he was appointed as commander of the 111st Capital Division, which is half the size of a normal division. Shahim was wounded in the July 2014 attack on Kabul Airport and hospitalised in Sardar Mohammad Daoud Khan hospital for further treatment. In May 2015, he was appointed as Chief of the General Staff of the Afghan National Army. In August and September 2016, Shahim visited India in order to enhance ties with the Indian army and to seek new avenues for acquiring military equipment.
# Freddy Moncada

Fredy Alonso Moncada Torres (born 10 November 1973 in Vélez, Santander) is a retired male road cyclist from Colombia. He won stages in the 1997 Vuelta a Colombia and the 2000 Vuelta a Venezuela.
# Felipe Hernández (soccer)

Felipe Hernández (born June 8, 1998) is a professional soccer player who plays as a midfielder. Born in Colombia, he represented the United States national under-19 team.

## Career

The Colombian-born Hernández was raised in Nashville, Tennessee, before joining Sporting Nashville Heroes, an academy affiliate. Hernández, formerly a US youth international, moved into SKC's residential academy in 2014. Hernández signed with Kansas City's USL affiliate Swope Park Rangers on March 10, 2016, developing into an MLS player. in 3 seasons with Swope Park Rangers Hernandez scored 13 goals and provided assists for a club-record 10 assists in 79 matches.
On August 30, 2019, Hernández moved to Swope Park's MLS parent club Sporting Kansas City.
On October 8, 2021, Hernández was suspended by the league for gambling on MLS games and would miss the remainder of the season. He returned to Sporting in 2022, playing in every regular season MLS match. In 2024, he was placed on administrative leave for once again violating the league's gambling policies.

## Career statistics

    As of match played October 7, 2020
| Club | Season | League | League | League | League cup | League cup | National cup | National cup | Continental | Continental | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Sporting Kansas City II | 2017 | USL Championship | 23 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 27 | 2 |
| Sporting Kansas City II | 2018 | USL Championship | 32 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 34 | 3 |
| Sporting Kansas City II | 2019 | USL Championship | 30 | 8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 30 | 8 |
| Sporting Kansas City II | 2020 | USL Championship | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 1 | 0 |
| Sporting Kansas City II | 2021 | USL Championship | 2 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 0 |
| Sporting Kansas City II | Total | Total | 88 | 13 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 94 | 13 |
| Sporting Kansas City | 2019 | Major League Soccer | 2 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 0 |
| Sporting Kansas City | 2020 | Major League Soccer | 15 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 15 | 0 |
| Sporting Kansas City | 2021 | Major League Soccer | 4 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | 1 |
| Sporting Kansas City | Total | Total | 21 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 21 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 99 | 13 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 115 | 14 |

## Honors

Swope Park Rangers
* United Soccer League Cup: Runner-up 2017
* U.S. Open Cup: 2017
# Nyziah Hunter

Nyziah Hunter (born December 6, 2004) is an American college football wide receiver for the Nebraska Cornhuskers. He previously played for the California Golden Bears.

## High school career

Hunter attended Salinas High School in Salinas, California. As a senior, he recorded 52 receptions for 912 yards and 14 touchdowns. A four-star recruit, he committed to play college football at the University of California, Berkely.

## College career
### California

After redshirting in 2023, Hunter emerged as one of California's leading receivers in 2024. In his collegiate debut against UC Davis, he caught four passes for 47 yards and a touchdown. Hunter finished the season, hauling in 40 receptions for a team-high 578 yards and five touchdowns. On December 10, 2024, he entered the transfer portal.

### Nebraska

On December 19, 2024, Hunter announced his decision to transfer to the University of Nebraska–Lincoln to play for the Nebraska Cornhuskers.

### Statistics

| Season | Games | Receiving | Receiving | Receiving | Receiving | Rushing | Rushing | Rushing | Rushing |
| Season | GP | Rec | Yards | Avg | TD | Att | Yards | Avg | TD |
| California Golden Bears ||||||||||
| 2023 | Redshirt | Redshirt | Redshirt | Redshirt | Redshirt | Redshirt | Redshirt | Redshirt | Redshirt |
| 2024 | 12 | 40 | 578 | 14.5 | 5 | 1 | 6 | 6.0 | 0 |
| Career | 12 | 40 | 578 | 14.5 | 5 | 1 | 6 | 6.0 | 0 |
# Hungarian Rhapsody No. 16

Hungarian Rhapsody No. 16, S.244/16, in A minor is the sixteenth Hungarian Rhapsody composed by Franz Liszt for solo piano. It was composed and published in 1882. The rhapsody, subtitled Budapest Munkácsy-Festlichkeiten, has a duration of approximately five minutes and is dedicated to Mihály Munkácsy. It was arranged for piano four-hands by the composer himself, marked as S.622, published in the same year. The piece begins with an outset of the main theme, A Minor, but with a distinct ambiguity of tonality. This section ends with a cadenza. The following section introduces a new theme, marked Lassan Langsam, and also ends with a cadenza. The third section is a repeat of the second section, but transposed to B-flat Minor. The fourth section of the piece repeats the theme from the first section and segues to the Friska of the piece, marked Allegro con Brio. This introduces the parallel major to A Minor (A Major) as the tonic and continues with lively variations on the first theme. The piece concludes with octaves ascending the keyboard in A Major arpeggios and is finished on four final A Major chords.
The first version, S.244/16i, was published earlier during the same year by the same publisher. It lacks the cadenza in the first section, among other changes.

## Sources of the melodies

This Hungarian Rhapsody is based entirely on Liszt's original ideas.
# Travel Time

Travel Time is a Philippine television travel documentary show broadcast by GMA Network and Studio 23. It premiered in 1986. The show is the longest running travel documentary show in the Philippine television. The show concluded on ANC in 2015.
# Orlando Ramírez

Orlando Ramírez Leal (born December 18, 1951), nicknamed as "El Ñato" (Snub Nose), is a Colombian former Major League Baseball shortstop who played for the California Angels between 1974 and 1979. He was the first recognized Colombian-born player in major league history, following Luis Castro, who played 42 games for the Philadelphia Athletics in the 1902 season.
In his 143-game major league career, Ramírez batted .189 with 16 RBI, 24 runs, five doubles, one triple and 16 stolen bases. On the international stage, he led the Colombian national team at the Baseball World Cup and Pan American Games.

## Professional career

Ramírez began his career with the Willard club from Barranquilla, Colombia in 1966 which was recognized as the top level of Colombian baseball.
Ramírez first played for the Shreveport Captains in the Texas League, the Double-A affiliate of the California Angels. He excelled and was transferred to the Idaho Falls Angels in the Pioneer Rookie League. From Idaho Falls, he was sent to the minors in 1973, playing for the Quad Cities Angels where he soon played Double-A again in 1974. A short time after playing Double-A, Ramírez was promoted to the majors.

## International career

At the age of 17, Ramírez made the Colombian national team and debuted in his first game in the 1969 Amateur World Series held in Santo Domingo. He batted third and played third base on the Colombian national team. In the 1970 and 1971 Amateur World Series, Ramírez played shortstop and led all players in stolen bases. He led the Colombian national team to a silver medal in the 1971 tournament, held in Havana. He also won a bronze medal at the 1971 Pan American Games.

## Colombian significance

Ramírez was inducted in the Colombian Baseball Hall of Fame in September 2009. He was the first Colombian to play in the Major Leagues. The Colombian Professional Baseball League Most Valuable Player award has been in his name since the winter of 2005-06.
# Koichi Tanaka

Koichi Tanaka (田中 耕一, Tanaka Kōichi, born August 3, 1959) is a Japanese electrical engineer who shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2002 for developing a novel method for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules with John Bennett Fenn and Kurt Wüthrich (the latter for work in NMR spectroscopy).

## Early life and education

Tanaka was born and raised in Toyama, Japan, his biological mother died one month after he was born. Tanaka graduated from Tohoku University with a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering in 1983, afterward he joined Shimadzu Corporation, where he engaged in the development of mass spectrometers.

## Soft laser desorption

For mass spectrometry analyses of a macromolecule, such as a protein, the analyte must be ionized and vaporized by laser irradiation. The problem is that the direct irradiation of an intense laser pulse on a macromolecule causes cleavage of the analyte into tiny fragments and the loss of its structure. In February 1985, Tanaka found that by using a mixture of ultra fine metal powder in glycerol as a matrix, an analyte can be ionized without losing its structure. His work was filed as a patent application in 1985, and after the patent application was made public reported at the Annual Conference of the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan held in Kyoto, in May 1987 and became known as soft laser desorption (SLD).
However, there was some criticism about his winning the prize, saying that contribution by two German scientists, Franz Hillenkamp and Michael Karas was also big enough not to be dismissed, and therefore they should also be included as prize winners. This is because they first reported in 1985 a method, with higher sensitivity using a small organic compound as a matrix, that they named matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI). Also Tanaka's SLD is not used currently for biomolecules analysis, meanwhile MALDI is widely used in mass spectrometry research laboratories. But while MALDI was developed prior to SLD, it was not used to ionize proteins until after Tanaka's report.

## Recognition

* 1989 – Award of the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan
* 2002 – Nobel Prize in Chemistry
* 2002 – Order of Culture
* 2002 – Person of Cultural Merit
* 2002 – honorary doctorate from Tohoku University
* 2003 – Honorary citizenship of Toyama Prefecture
* 2003 – Special Award of the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan
* 2006 – Member of Japan Academy