# 2016 G20 Hangzhou summit

The 2016 G20 Hangzhou summit was the eleventh meeting of the Group of Twenty (G20). It was held in the city of Hangzhou, Zhejiang. It was the first ever G20 summit to be hosted in China and the second in an Asian country after 2010 G20 Seoul summit was hosted in South Korea.

## Context
### Pollution in China

In the days before the G20 Hangzhou summit, only some vehicles were allowed through the city, construction sites were stopped, inhabitants received a week-long holidays (and were encouraged to leave the city) and factories in the region (including more than two hundred steel mills) were asked to stop their production (in order to temporarily reduce air pollution).

### Climate change

On 3 September 2016, Barack Obama and Xi Jinping announced the ratification of the Paris Agreement (of the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference) by their countries, bringing the total number of countries ratifying the agreement to 26; the United States and China represent respectively 18 percent and 20 percent of global carbon dioxide emissions (the driving force behind global warming).

### Economic statements

The main themes of final communiqué of the summit are:
* Fight against tax evasion (asking the OECD for a black list of tax havens).
* Favour international trade and investments and opposition to protectionism.
* Fiscal stimulus and innovation to boost economic growth.
* Combating "populist attacks" against globalization.
* Strengthen support for refugees.

### Summit documents

The heads of state and government of G20 issued a joint statement with a summary of the main results of the meeting. The statement is divided in the following documents:
* Communiqué 2016
* Annex to the Leaders' Declaration
* Hangzhou Action Plan
* Blueprint on Innovative Growth
* G20 Action Plan on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

## Participating leaders

List of leaders who took part in the 2016 G20 Hangzhou summit:
* Argentina Mauricio Macri, President
* Australia Malcolm Turnbull, Prime Minister
* Brazil Michel Temer, President
* Canada Justin Trudeau, Prime Minister
* China Xi Jinping, President (Host)
* France François Hollande, President
* Germany Angela Merkel, Chancellor
* India Narendra Modi, Prime Minister
* Indonesia Joko Widodo, President
* Italy Matteo Renzi, Prime Minister
* Japan Shinzō Abe, Prime Minister
* Mexico Enrique Peña Nieto, President
* Russia Vladimir Putin, President
* Saudi Arabia Mohammad bin Salman Al Saud, Deputy Crown Prince
* South Africa Jacob Zuma, President
* South Korea Park Geun-hye, President
* Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, President
* United Kingdom Theresa May, Prime Minister
* United States Barack Obama, President
* European Union Donald Tusk, President of the European Council
* European Union Jean-Claude Juncker, President of the European Commission

### Invited guests

* Chad Idriss Déby, President, chairperson of the African Union for 2016
* Egypt Abdel Fattah al-Sisi, President, guest invitee
* Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev, President, guest invitee
* Laos Bounnhang Vorachith, President, chair of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations for 2016
* Senegal Macky Sall, President, president of New Partnership for Africa's Development
* Singapore Lee Hsien Loong, Prime Minister, guest invitee
* Spain Mariano Rajoy, Prime Minister, permanent guest invitee
* Thailand Prayut Chan-o-cha, Prime Minister, guest invitee

### International organizations

* World Bank Jim Yong Kim, president
* International Monetary Fund Christine Lagarde, managing director
* Financial Stability Board Mark Carney, chairman
* United Nations Ban Ki-moon, Secretary-General
* International Labour Organization Guy Ryder, director-general
* World Trade Organization Roberto Azevêdo, director-general
* OECD José Ángel Gurría, secretary-general

## Controversies

President Obama was snubbed by Xi Jinping and the Chinese Communist Party as he descended from Air Force One to the tarmac of Hangzhou International Airport without the usual red carpet welcome.

### Internet censorship

Xi Jinping in the speech quoted "Guoyu", Traditional Chinese history books, in Chapter 9 of the "通商宽农" (tōng shāng kuān nóng, meaning reducing taxes and make road easy to walk, promote commercialization, and relax agriculture), but he mistakenly pronounced it as "通商宽衣" ("宽衣" kuān yī means Undress), the Central Propaganda Department ordered media and social platforms to prohibit this discussion.