OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 2017 in Italy

Events during the year 2017 in Italy.

## Incumbents

* President: Sergio Mattarella
* Prime Minister: Paolo Gentiloni

## Events

* 18 January
** January 2017 Central Italy earthquakes; 34 people are killed.
** Rigopiano avalanche; 29 people are killed when the Hotel Rigopiano is demolished by an avalanche, following a series of earthquakes in the Abruzzo region.
* 21 January – A bus carrying Hungarian students crashes near Verona with 16 people dead.
* 11 February – Francesco Gabbani won Sanremo Music Festival 2017 by his YouTube sensational song Occidentali's Karma and went on to represent Italy in the Eurovision Song Contest 2017.
* 26–27 May – The 43rd G7 summit was held in Taormina
* 3 June – 2017 Turin stampede
* 21 August – 2017 Ischia earthquake; two people were killed, and 42 others were injured.
* 13 November – Italy failed to qualify for the 2018 FIFA World Cup after a 0–1 aggregate loss to Sweden in the two-leg play-off, missing World Cup for the first time since 1958. The head coach Gian Piero Ventura was subsequently sacked.

## Deaths

* 5 January
** Tullio De Mauro, 84, linguist.
** Leonardo Benevolo, 93, architect and city planner.
* 7 January – Lelio Lagorio, 91, politician
* 12 January – Giulio Angioni, Italian writer and anthropologist (b. 1939)
* 28 January – Salvatore Tatarella, 69, politician
* 8 March – Danilo Mainardi, 83, ethologist
* 23 March – Cino Tortorella, 89, television presenter
* 15 April – Emma Morano, 117, supercentenarian, world's oldest living person, oldest Italian person ever and last living person born in the 1800s
* 16 April – Gianni Boncompagni, 84, radio and television presenter
* 11 May – Clelio Darida, 90, politician
* 24 May – Giovanni Bignami, 73, physicist
* 26 May – Laura Biagiotti, 73, fashion designer
* 1 June – José Greci, 76, actress
* 10 June – Oscar Mammì, 90, politician and former minister
* 23 June – Stefano Rodotà, 84, jurist and politician
* 17 June – Paolo Limiti, 77, television presenter
* 3 July – Paolo Villaggio, 84, actor
* 5 August – Dionigi Tettamanzi, 83, cardinal and former archbishop of Milan
* 1 September – Armando Aste, 91, alpinist
* 4 September – Gastone Moschin, actor (b. 1929)
* 9 September – Velasio de Paolis, 81, Italian Roman Catholic cardinal, President of the Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See 2008–2011
* 27 September – Antonio Spallino, 92, fencer and politician, Olympic champion (1956) and Mayor of Como 1970–1985
* 1 October – Pierluigi Cappello, 50, poet, Viareggio Prize laureate 2010
* 3 October – Francesco Martino, politician, President of Region of Sicily 1993–1995 (born 1937)
* 5 October – Giorgio Pressburger, 80, Hungarian-born Italian writer
* 6 October – Roberto Anzolin, 79, footballer
* 8 October – Aldo Biscardi, 86, television presenter
* 21 October – Emilio D'Amore, 102, politician, Deputy 1948–1958, 1963–1968
* 17 November – Salvatore Riina, 87, criminal and chief of the Sicilian Mafia
* 26 December – Gualtiero Marchesi, 87, chef
* 27 December – Osvaldo Fattori, footballer, 95
# Jennifer George (playwright)

Jennifer George is an American playwright, director, and professor from the Metro Detroit area in Michigan. She is the author of the three act play Mixed.

## Early life

George was born in Granada, Spain, but mainly grew up in the Metro Detroit area in Michigan, and currently lives in Ferndale, Michigan. While George looks European, like her Polish, Irish, and Scottish mother, George began to strongly identify and embrace her Assyrian heritage on her father's side early in life. After growing up in the area, George decided to stay close by to family and attended Wayne State University, where she majored in Theatre Arts. It was while she was working at the Wayne State University bookstore at the time of the Gulf War, that she had an encounter with a woman who stated "I really just hate seeing the Middle Eastern students on campus. I just want to spit on them." This moment inspired George to become more culturally aware, as well as "want to work toward equality"; especially for those who identify with multiple cultural identities like herself.

## Career

After receiving her undergraduate degree, George moved to Paris for a year, where she worked with Euro Disney. After a short stint back in the United States, she moved back to Paris, living there for eight more years. During this time, she received two French degree in Deug and License in theatre from La Sorbonne, University of Paris. At age 30, George moved back to Michigan where she worked as an adjunct theatre professor at her undergraduate alma mater. She then went on to teach French at Marygrove College for seven years.
After being nominated for Best Play and Best Director for her production of Hamlet Machine/Hamlet in 2003 by the Detroit Free Press, George went on to start her own production company where she began to write works under the company name By George, LLC, including her regionally popular play Mixed.
While George continues to write, Mixed is her only written work that has been produced on a larger scale. George currently continues to teach theatre at Oakland Community College and Birmingham Theatre House for mostly children and young adults.

## Awards

2003- Nominated for Best Play and Best Director for Hamlet Machine/Hamlet by the Detroit Free Press
# William H. T. Bush

William Henry Trotter “Bucky” Bush, CStJ (July 14, 1938 – February 27, 2018) was an American banker and businessman. A scion of the Bush family, he was the youngest son of US Senator Prescott Sheldon Bush and Dorothy Walker Bush, the youngest brother of former President George H. W. Bush, and an uncle of former President George W. Bush and former Florida governor Jeb Bush.

## Biography

Born in Greenwich, Connecticut, he graduated from the Hotchkiss School, Lakeville, Connecticut in 1956, and earned a B.A. from Yale University in 1960, where he became a brother of the Psi Upsilon fraternity. In 2009, he was appointed a Commander Brother of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem by Queen Elizabeth II.
Bush lived in St. Louis, Missouri, also the home of his late grandfather George Herbert Walker. He was married in 1959 to Patricia Redfearn, who died November 10, 2015. They had two children: William Prescott "Scott" Bush and Louisa Bush McCall. Bush died on February 27, 2018, in West Palm Beach, Florida, survived by three of his older siblings.

## Business

Bush worked in banking and venture capital, and sat on a number of corporate boards. He founded Bush O'Donnell & Co. in 1986 and remained CEO of that firm until his death. He worked on the election campaigns of George H. W., George W., and Jeb Bush, primarily as a fundraiser.
A former president of and director of the St. Louis-based Boatmen's Bancshares from 1978 to 1986, Bush was active in various St. Louis civic functions: he was chairman of the Board of Trustees of Saint Louis University from 1985 to 1992, chairman of the Missouri Botanical Garden from 1991 to 1993 and president of the Municipal Opera Association from 2005 to 2006. He was also a director of Maritz, Inc, and served on the Blue Cross Blue Shield of Missouri board of directors from 1989 to 1994.
On May 18, 2010, Bush was taken to Methodist Hospital of Indianapolis after collapsing during a WellPoint shareholder's meeting in Indianapolis. Bush was on the company's board of directors. One of the doctors at the hospital said that Bush was alert and talking and he "felt like he was going to be OK".
# Alexey Gordeyev

Alexey Vasilyevich Gordeyev (Russian: Алексей Васильевич Гордеев; born 28 February 1955) is a Russian politician who served as Member and Deputy Speaker of the State Duma. Previously he was the Deputy Prime Minister of Russia from 2000 to 2004 and from 2018 to 2020, Governor of Voronezh Oblast from 2009 to 2017 and Agriculture Minister of Russia from 1999 to 2009.
He has the federal state civilian service rank of 1st class Active State Councillor of the Russian Federation.

## Sanctions

Gordeyev was sanctioned by the UK government in 2022 in relation to the Russo-Ukrainian War.
# Princess Marie of Prussia (1855–1888)

Princess Marie of Prussia (Marie Elisabeth Luise Friederike; 14 September 1855, Marmorpalais, Potsdam – 20 June 1888, Dresden), was a princess of the House of Hohenzollern. She was the daughter of Prince Frederick Charles of Prussia and later became second wife of Prince Henry of the Netherlands then the first wife of Prince Albert of Saxe-Altenburg. She was also the grandniece of William I, German Emperor.

## Life

Princess Marie was the eldest daughter of Prussian field-marshal Prince Frederick Charles of Prussia (1828–1885) and Princess Maria Anna of Anhalt-Dessau (1837–1906). Marie's mother was the youngest daughter of Leopold IV, Duke of Anhalt and Princess Frederica of Prussia, Duchess of Anhalt-Dessau.
On 24 August 1878, Princess Marie married Prince Henry of Orange-Nassau at the Neuen Palais (1820–1879), who had since 1850 been Governor of Luxembourg and Admiralleutnant zur See. He was the third son of the King William II of the Netherlands and Grand Duchess Anna Pavlovna of Russia. The marriage between Marie and Henry was arranged in an attempt to save the House of Orange-Nassau from extinction, but it was to prove childless: barely five months later, in January 1879, Prince Henry died after contracting measles.
Six years later, on 6 May 1885, Princess Marie married Prince Albert of Saxe-Altenburg in Berlin (1843–1902), a son of Prince Eduard of Saxe-Altenburg and his second wife, Princess Luise Caroline Reuss zu Greiz. This marriage was to all reports a harmonious one and produced two daughters:
* Princess Olga of Saxe-Altenburg (1886–1955); married on 20 May 1913 Count Carl Friedrich von Pückler-Burghauss (1886–1945).
* Princess Marie of Saxe-Altenburg (1888–1947); married on 20 April 1911 in Altenburg, Prince Heinrich XXXV Reuss of Köstritz (b. 1 August 1887, Mauer – d. 17 January 1936, Loschwitz) son of Heinrich VII, Prince Reuss of Köstritz). They had one daughter before divorcing in 1921:
** Marie Helene Reuss of Köstritz (b. 23 February 1912, Silesia - d. 1 August 1933, Korfantow)
The princess died at Schloss Abrechtesberg on 20 June 1888 from the effects of puerperal fever and was buried in the Saxe-Altenburg family vault. Her second husband remarried in 1891 to Duchess Helene of Mecklenburg-Strelitz in Remplin (1857–1936), a niece of Friedrich Wilhelm, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, and granddaughter of Grand Duke Michael Pavlovich of Russia.
Princess Marie was the godmother to her nephew Prince Arthur of Connaught, only son of her sister Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia. The christening occurred in the private chapel at Windsor Castle.

## Ancestry

Ancestors of Princess Marie of Prussia (1855–1888) :
# Sulphur Gulch

The Sulphur Gulch is one of the tributaries of the Cherry Creek and is located in the U.S. states of Colorado. It is part of the Eastern Plains.

## Description

The Gulch is formed in Douglas County, Colorado, 20 miles (32 km) southeast of Denver, approximately 3 miles (4.8 km) east of Parker, and 5 miles (8.0 km) north of Hilltop.
The Gulch flows west through eastern Douglas County, and discharges into Cherry Creek in Bar CCC Park. The Gulch is dry during the summer unless there is heavy rain; it is full during spring after snow melt. The Gulch has flooded several times.

## Recreational Opportunities

There are trails along the Gulch.
# Ted Freeman (politician)

Edward George Freeman (May 1, 1900 – October 9, 1986) was a politician in Ontario, Canada. He was a New Democratic member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1963 to 1967 who represented the northern Ontario riding of Fort William as an NDP member.

## Background

Freeman had lied about his age in order to enlist in the Canadian army and serve during World War I. He was decorated several times during the war. He was a salesman and moved to Fort William in 1935. Freeman was a long-serving member of the Loyal Order of Elk Lodge #82, in Fort William. He joined the Lodge in 1940 and held a variety of positions, culminating in his election, in 1959-1960, as the Grand Exalted Ruler of the Lodge.

## Politics

In the 1963 provincial election, Freeman ran as the New Democratic candidate in the riding of Fort William. He defeated Tory candidate Chris Asseff by 1,172 votes. Liberal incumbent John Chapple came in third. He served as an opposition member under the leadership of Donald MacDonald. In the 1967 election he was defeated by Tory candidate Jim Jessiman.
# Mirab Kishmaria

Mirab Boris-ipa Kishmaria (Abkhaz: Мираб Борис-иҧа Кишьмариа, Georgian: მერაბ ქიშმარია, Russian: Мира́б Бори́сович Кишма́рия) is a former Abkhaz politician and army general who served as the Minister of Defence of the disputed Republic of Abkhazia from 2015 until 2020.

## Early life and career

Mirab Kishmaria was born 3 August 1961 in Ochamchire in what was then the Abkhazian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. In 1984 he graduated from the Alma-Ata Higher Combined Arms Command School. From June 1987 until February 1989 Kishmaria fought with the 40th division of the Soviet army in Afghanistan. During the 1992–1993 War in Abkhazia, Kishmaria was commander of the eastern front of the Abkhazian army, in the Ochamchire district.

## Political career

In 2002, Kishmaria became co-chairman of the influential veteran movement Amtsakhara, together with Vladimir Nachach.
On 22 March 2005 Mirab Kishmaria was appointed First Deputy Minister of Defence. After Sultan Sosnaliyev resigned as Defence Minister on 8 May 2007, Kishmaria became acting Minister of Defence on 10 May. He was appointed permanently to the post on 26 June.

## Family

Mirab Kishmaria is married to a Georgian wife, they have 11 children. Out of these, seven fought in the 1992–1993 war with Georgia, and two died therein.

## Sources

* Лакоба, Станислав (2004). "Абхазия после двух империй XIX—XXI вв." // 21st Century COE Program Slavic Eurasian Studies — No. 5. Sapporo: Slavic Research Center, Hokudai University.
# Haymakers' Grounds

Haymakers' Grounds was a baseball grounds in Lansingburgh, New York, which is now part of Troy, New York. It was home to the Troy Haymakers of the National Association from 1871 to 1872 and home to the Troy Trojans of the National League from 1880 to 1881.
Most sources give the location of the ballpark as 104th Street (north); 2nd Avenue (west); 103rd Street (south); and 5th Avenue (east). Those streets were previously numbered 4th and 3rd. Before the streets were numbered, they had names: 2nd Avenue was State Street; 4th/104th was Vail Street; 3rd/103rd was Thomas Street; and 5th Avenue was Whipple Street. This is in the vicinity of the public park called Knickerbacker Park, which contains a monument outlining the history of Troy's brief major league experience.
The streets were renumbered to correspond with Troy's numbering system, and also the fact that some names were duplicated: For example, Troy has an east-west thoroughfare called State Street.
An alternate name for this location, as seen in some references, is "the Vail Lot" or "Vail's lot". The Vail family were early settlers of the area, and this location hosted baseball games starting in the 1860s.
The NL club played home games at Putnam Grounds, Troy, in 1879, and at Troy Ball Club Grounds, Watervliet, in 1882.
# Gusztáv von Pados

Gusztáv von Pados (11 October 1881 – 30 September 1963) was a Hungarian equestrian. He competed in two events at the 1936 Summer Olympics.
# Pie de la Cuesta, Oaxaca

Pie de la Cuesta is a town located in the Coast region of the State of Oaxaca, in Mexico, in the southeast of the country, 300 km south of Mexico City. Pie de la Cuesta is part of the municipality of San Juan Cacahuatepec, the municipality number 185 out of 570 of the state of Oaxaca. It has a population of 717 inhabitants. The language spoken in this town is Spanish.
The outskirts of Pie de la Cuesta are mountainous. The closest highest point is 729 meters above mean sea level, 2.0 km north of Pie de la Cuesta. The surroundings of Pie de la cuesta are sparsely populated, with 35 inhabitants per square kilometer. The closest town is San Juan Cacahuatepec, 3.1 km west of Pie de la Cuesta.

## Demographics

Pie de la cuesta has 717 inhabitants, of whom 376 are women and 341, men. 431 inhabitants are adults and 92 are older than 60 years.
There are a total of 171 private homes.

## Culture

The population of Pie de la Cuesta is mainly Roman Catholic. Holidays like Christmas, Day of the Dead, and Holy Week are celebrated.
# II Corps (North Korea)

The II Corps (Korean: 제 2군단) is a corps of the Korean People's Army. It was created on June 12, 1950 with Lt. General Kim Kwang-hyop in command. During the Korean War the unit was composed of the 2nd Infantry Division, the 5th Infantry Division, and the 12th Infantry Division.
The 27th Infantry Division was part of the II Corps. It defended the Kumchon County area north of Kaesong with the 19th Division. The U.S. 1st Cavalry Division began attacking on October 9, 1950, along the main highway from Kaesong to Kumchon. The US 8th Cavalry had to stop repeatedly and wait for engineer troops to clear mines from the road. Halfway to Kumchon on the twelfth the 8th Cavalry was halted by a North Korea strongpoint, defended by tanks, self-propelled guns, and antiaircraft weapons. In spite of a sixteen-plane air strike and a 155-mm. howitzer barrage, the strongpoint held.
1st Battalion, 5th Cavalry encountered the 19th and 27th Division's defenses on October 11 as they were holding a long ridge with several knobs— Hills 179, 175, and 174—that dominated a pass fifteen miles northeast of Kaesong. The 5th Cavalry finally drove the defenders from the ridge during the afternoon of the twelfth, after much fierce fighting.
Probably consisted of at least 3 divisions on January 7, 1951, when one division attacked the adjacent ROK 8th Infantry Division. They were assisted by one of the divisions of the NKPA V Corps. The II Corps also attacked the ROK III Corps to the east with its remaining divisions. The II Corps managed to penetrate the ROK III Corps defenses and cause concerns about the stability of the UN lines.
Globalsecurity.org has reported that the corps is part of the First Echelon of the KPA and now consists of the 3rd, 6th, and 8th Infantry Divisions.
# Lloyd Miller Cooke

Lloyd Miller Cooke (1916 – 2001) was an American industrial chemist and researcher. He was an early African American chemist specialized in cellulose and carbohydrate chemistry, and worked in a leadership role for many years at Union Carbide Corporation (now Union Carbide) chemical company.

## Early life and education

Lloyd Miller Cooke was born on June 7, 1916, in LaSalle, Illinois, to Black parents Anne (née Miller), and noted architect, William Wilson Cooke. His sister was Anne Cooke Reid, a noted stage director and academic. His maternal grandfather was Thomas Ezekiel Miller, a state legislator in South Carolina and founder of the Colored Normal, Industrial, Agricultural, and Mechanical College of South Carolina (now South Carolina State University).
Cooke graduated with a B.S. degree in 1937, from the University of Wisconsin–Madison; and a Ph.D. in 1941 in organic chemistry, from McGill University in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

## Career

Cooke began his career working in starch research at the Corn Products Refining Company (now Ingredion), an ingredient manufacturer in Illinois. In 1946, he joined the Visking Corporation in Chicago, where he worked on researching carbohydrate chemistry. He was promoted in 1954 to assistant manager of the technical department, and worked in a broader research capacity. The Visking Corporation was merged into the Union Carbide Corporation in 1957, and he was promoted to assistant director of their Chicago office. In 1965, Cooke was promoted to manager of marketing research, followed by a promotion in 1967 to manager of planning.
In 1969, Cooke contributed to the United States House Committee on Energy and Commerce's Subcommittee on Environmental Improvement publication, Cleaning Our Environment: The Chemical Basis of Action (1969), written for legislators and environmentalists. Cooke was awarded the William Procter Prize for Scientific Achievement in 1971, given by Scientific Research Society of America from Dr. Richard T. Arnold, for his work on Cleaning Our Environment (1969).
From 1970 until 1978, Cooke was the director of urban affairs at Union Carbide.
President Gerald Ford named Cooke as one of the seven chosen scientists to head the National Science Board in 1976, a role held until 1982. Cooke's role at the National Science Board was succeeded by physicist Roland W. Schmitt.
He was a member of the National Academy of Sciences; and served as the president of the National Action Council for Minorities in Engineering (NACME, Inc.).
Cooke died on October 3, 2001, in Oberlin, Ohio.

## Publications

* Subcommittee on Environmental Improvement (1969). Cleaning Our Environment: The Chemical Basis of Action. Washington, D.C.: American Chemical Society.
# Miss Paraguay 2011

The Miss Universo Paraguay 2011 pageant was held on June 23, 2011. Yohana Benítez, Miss Universo Paraguay 2010; Egni Eckert, Miss Mundo Paraguay 2010; and María José Paredes, Miss Internacional Paraguay 2010, crowned her successors Alba Riquelme, Nicole Huber and Stephanía Vázquez at the end of the event. The winners have the right to represent Paraguay in the 3 major international beauty pageants, Miss Universe 2011, Miss World 2011 and Miss International 2011. The pageant was broadcast live on Telefuturo.

## Results
### Placements

| Placement | Contestant |
| Miss Paraguay 2011 | Presidente Hayes – Alba Riquelme |
| Miss Mundo Paraguay 2011 | Ñeembucú – Nicole Huber |
| Miss International Paraguay 2011 | Caazapá – Stephania Stegman |
| Miss Earth Paraguay 2011 | Amambay – Alexandra Fretes |
| Top 8 | Canindeyú – Majandra Zaldivar  Boquerón - Coral Ruiz Alto Paraná – Lourdes Motta  Cordillera – Leticia Patiño |

### Special Awards

The special awards were given during the "Gala de la Belleza" event held on June 19, 2011, at Hotel Guaraní Esplendor.
| Special Award | Candidate |
| Miss Fotogénica (Miss Photogenic) | Coral Ruiz |
| Miss Silueta (Best Body) | Alexandra Fretes |
| Miss Elegancia (Miss Elegance) | Coral Ruiz |
| Miss Talento Day's (Miss Talent) | Nicole Huber |
| Miss Aerosur (Miss Aerosur) | Nicole Huber |
| Miss Pelo Sedal (Best Hair) | Alba Riquelme |

## Delegates

There are 15 official contestants.
| Represented | Candidates | Height (cm) | Age | Hometown |
| Alto Paraguay | Rosci Luz Mendoza Chaparro | 19 | 1.76 m (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | Coronel Oviedo |
| Alto Paraná | Lourdes María del Carmen Motta Rolón | 18 | 1.72 m (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | Ciudad del Este |
| Amambay | Alexandra Helena Fretes Galeano | 23 | 1.79 m (5 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | Asunción |
| Boquerón | Coral Margarita Ruiz Reyes | 23 | 1.74 m (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | Luque |
| Caazapá | Stephanía Sofía Vázquez Stegman | 18 | 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) | Asunción |
| Canindeyú | María Alejandra Zaldivar Rojas | 23 | 1.83 m (6 ft 0 in) | Asunción |
| Central | Mariela Magdalena Mora Roa | 18 | 1.75 m (5 ft 9 in) | Luque |
| Cordillera | Myrian Leticia Patiño Argüello | 21 | 1.73 m (5 ft 8 in) | Asunción |
| Distrito Capital | Nadia Yasmine Servian | 22 | 1.77 m (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | Asunción |
| Guairá | Karina Gizelle Arguello Szabo | 19 | 1.76 m (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | Paraguarí |
| Itapúa | Daisy Eliana Sanabria Benítez | 20 | 1.77 m (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | Encarnación |
| Ñeembucú | Nicole Elizabeth Huber Vera | 20 | 1.79 m (5 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | Asunción |
| Paraguarí | María Angela Recalde Ramírez | 18 | 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) | Yaguarón |
| Presidente Hayes | Alba Lucía Riquelme Valenzuela | 20 | 1.81 m (5 ft 11+1⁄2 in) | Asunción |
| San Pedro | Giselle María Alice Meyer Meza | 21 | 1.74 m (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | San Lorenzo |

## Judges

The following persons judged the final competition.
* Ignacio Kliche
* Salvador Mas
* Mariángela Martínez
* Tania Domaniczky
* María Eugenia Torres
* Hugo González
* Humberto Gilardini