OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kay Stenshjemmet

Kay Arne Stenshjemmet (born 9 August 1953) is a former speed skater from Norway.

## Short biography

Together with Amund Sjøbrend, Sten Stensen, and Jan Egil Storholt, Kay Stenshjemmet was one of the legendary four S-es (which sounds like "four aces" in Norwegian), four Norwegian top skaters in the 1970s and early 1980s. Kay is now working for Romerikes Blad
During the 1976 European Allround Championships in Oslo, fellow Norwegian Sten Stensen (the defending European Champion), set a new world record on the 10,000 m, but Stenshjemmet still became European Champion by a tiny margin of only 0.005 points (equivalent to 0.10 seconds on the 10000 m).
At the end of the 1975–1976 season, the world record on the 5000 m was Piet Kleine's 7:02.38. On 19 March 1977, first Sergey Marchuk and then in the following pair Stenshjemmet were the first to skate the 5000 m below seven minutes, with 6:58.88 and 6:56.9, respectively. Stenshjemmet's world record would last for five years, until Aleksandr Baranov skated 6:54.44.
Stenshjemmet was European Allround Champion in 1976 and 1980. He was also Norwegian Allround Champion in 1976, 1977, 1978, and 1981, as well as Norwegian Sprint Champion in 1976. At the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, Stenshjemmet won silver on the 1500 m and on the 5000 m, both behind Eric Heiden.

## Medals

An overview of medals won by Stenshjemmet at important championships he participated in, listing the years in which he won each:
| Championships | Gold medal | Silver medal | Bronze medal |
| Winter Olympics | – | 1980 (1500 m) 1980 (5000 m) | – |
| World Allround | – | 1981 | 1979 |
| World Sprint | – | – | – |
| European Allround | 1976 1980 | 1977 1979 | 1981 |
| Norwegian Allround | 1976 1977 1978 1981 | 1979 | – |
| Norwegian Sprint | 1976 | 1980 | 1977 |

## World record

During his career, Stenshjemmet skated one world record:
| Discipline | Time | Date | Location |
| 5000 m | 6.56,9 | 19 March 1977 | Medeo |
Source: SpeedSkatingStats.com

## Personal records

To put these personal records in perspective, the WR column lists the official world records on the dates that Stenshjemmet skated his personal records.
| Event | Result | Date | Venue | WR |
| 500 m | 38.20 | 31 March 1981 | Harbin | 36.91 |
| 1000 m | 1:17.50 | 31 March 1981 | Harbin | 1:13.39 |
| 1500 m | 1:56.18 | 11 January 1981 | Davos | 1:54.79 |
| 3000 m | 4:07.22 | 16 January 1981 | Davos | 4:04.06 |
| 5000 m | 6:56.90 | 19 March 1977 | Medeo | 7:02.38 |
| 10000 m | 14:57.30 | 20 January 1980 | Trondheim | 14:34.33 |
| Big combination | 164.283 | 20 March 1977 | Medeo | 165.884 |
Note that Stenshjemmet's personal record on the big combination was not a world record because Jan Egil Storholt skated 163.221 at the same tournament.
Stenshjemmet has an Adelskalender score of 163.481 points. His highest ranking on the Adelskalender was a third place.
# Catherine Stihler

Catherine Dalling Taylor Stihler OBE FRSE (née Taylor; born 30 July 1973) is a Scottish former politician who was chief executive officer (CEO) of Creative Commons from 2020 to 2023. A member of the Scottish Labour Party, she was a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for Scotland from 1999 to 2019.
After leaving the European Parliament, she was CEO of non-profit organisation Open Knowledge Foundation and from August 2020 to January 2024 CEO of Creative Commons, followed by Anna Tumadóttir.
In October 2014, she was elected as the 52nd rector of the University of St Andrews, the second woman to hold that post.

## Early and personal life

Stihler was educated at Coltness High School, later going on to the University of St Andrews where she gained an MA with joint honours in International Relations and Geography and a postgraduate MLitt in International Security Studies. In 2018 she received an honorary Doctorate (D. Litt) from the University of St. Andrews.
Stihler was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2019 Birthday Honours.
In 2022, she was elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.

## Political career

Whilst a student at St Andrews, she was elected president of the Students' Association, from 1994–95. She also was on the Scottish Executive Committee of the Labour Party from 1993–95 and was the Young Labour delegate to the National Executive Committee from 1995–97. Whilst a postgraduate student, she stood at the Angus constituency at the 1997 general election. She was not elected however, and finished in third place, behind Sebastian A.A. Leslie of the Conservatives and Andrew Welsh of the Scottish National Party.
Stihler worked for Anne Begg, Member of Parliament for Aberdeen South, as a researcher. She was placed at third on the Labour Party list for Scotland in the 1999 European Parliament election, and therefore took the third Labour Party seat under the d'Hondt electoral system becoming the UK's youngest MEP at the age of 25.
Stihler was re-elected as an MEP for Scotland in 2004 and 2009. She was the unsuccessful Labour candidate in the 2006 Dunfermline and West Fife by-election, coming second with 30.6% of the vote. She served as the Deputy Leader of the EPLP and held positions as Labour's Euro spokesperson on health and fisheries. Stihler was Labour's Euro-Spokesperson on Consumer Rights and was the only Scottish MEP on the economic and monetary affairs committee.
She supported Owen Smith in the 2016 Labour Party (UK) leadership election.
She resigned as an MEP on 31 January 2019, to take up a new role. Her seat was left vacant and not filled by the Scottish Labour Party due to the UK's [then] impending exit from The EU on 29 March 2019.

## Later career

In November 2018, Stihler was appointed as the new Chief Executive Officer of Open Knowledge Foundation. She stood down as an MEP on 31 January 2019 to take up the role in February 2019. On 9 July 2020, Creative Commons announced she would be the new CEO with a starting date of 17 August 2020.
# William Jewell (educator)

William Jewell (1789–1852) was a politician, physician, ordained minister, and educator from Columbia, Missouri and namesake of William Jewell College in Liberty, Missouri. He served as Columbia's second mayor.

## Life

Jewell graduated with a degree in medicine from Transylvania University. He moved to Columbia, Missouri and built a combination home, office, and hospital at the northwest corner of Sixth Street and Broadway. Jewell's two-story structure was the only hospital in Columbia at the time it was built. Jewell held political office as mayor of Columbia and later as a state legislator.
As mayor of Columbia, Jewell initiated the surveying and paving of the city's streets. He also improved sanitation standards in the early town. Later, as state legislator, Jewell worked for reforms such as abolishing the whipping post and pillory and for establishing a public hospital in St. Louis.
Though William Jewell had a full life of public service, he was also quite influential in Baptist life in Missouri. William Jewell was perhaps the leading force behind organizing the First Baptist Church in Columbia and its most influential member for almost forty years. He was buried in Columbia's Jewell Cemetery. Inside Jewell Cemetery, William Jewell's tombstone has a memorable epitaph: "His work is done, he did it well and faithfully."

## Educational advocacy

Dr. Jewell was known for his involvement with education. He was one of three men who accepted applications for enrollment to the University of Missouri, which was established in 1839. He was a member of the board of trustees in 1833 when Columbia Female College, predecessor to Stephens College was founded. He supported a bill to establish the location of the state university in Columbia and chaired a committee to raise subscriptions for the university, giving $1,800 himself.
In founding the college that bears his name, he initially wanted the Baptist school to be in Boonville, Missouri. However, after Alexander William Doniphan argued that the offer of a larger parcel of undeveloped land in Liberty, Missouri was worth more than the developed land in Boonville, the Liberty site was chosen and Jewell donated $10,000 (~$289,739 in 2023) to start school in 1849. He was appointed by the college's Board to supervise the construction of the first building in 1850. Later that year, during the exceptionally hot summer, Dr. Jewell while working on the building site got heat stroke and died a few days later. The building was also named after him, Jewell Hall, and was completed in 1858, at a cost of about $44,000 (~$1.21 million in 2023).
# Death of Lennon Lacy

Lennon Lacy was a student attending West Bladen High School, in Bladenboro, North Carolina. On August 29, 2014, at age 17, he was found dead, hanging from the frame of a swing set in the center of a mobile home community. The death was initially declared a suicide by North Carolina's Chief Medical Examiner, but Lacy's family believed that he had been lynched. Lacy, who was black, had been dating a white woman, who also believed Lacy had been murdered, and who claimed neighbors had warned her that their interracial relationship was "not right". In December 2014, the FBI announced it would investigate. In June 2016, the conclusion of the FBI investigation was announced, having found "no evidence to pursue federal criminal civil rights charges".

## Documentary

The death of Lacy is the central event in a documentary on lynching in America, Always in Season, shown at the Sundance Film Festival in January, 2019, where it won the special jury award for moral urgency. Ed Pilkington wrote in The Guardian that the film "is both a homage to Lennon Lacy and a critique of America’s rotten racial core, weaving the two together through an exploration of blurred memory, denial, obfuscation, betrayal and loss."
# Boniface I, Margrave of Tuscany

Boniface I (died 823) also known as Boniface the Bavarian, was sometimes considered as the first Margrave of Tuscany from 812 to 823.

## Biography

According to Ludovico Antonio Muratori, although the precise year and place of birth are not known, he was certainly originally from Bavaria and arrived in Italy following Charlemagne. He was nicknamed the Bavarian due to his origins and was the representative of imperial power at the request of Charlemagne. Boniface was then appointed as governor of Italy by Charlemagne after the death of King Pepin. He was the count and duke of Lucca and sometimes is considered the first margrave of Tuscany because of the various counties he amassed: Pisa, Pistoia, Volterra, and Luni. He was first attested in March 812.
He left a son, Boniface, who became margrave of Tuscany and another named Berard, who assisted his brother in the defence of Corsica. His only daughter, Richilda, became abbess of SS. Benedetto e Scolastica in Lucca.

## Sources

* Wickham, Chris. Early Medieval Italy: Central Power and Local Society 400-1000. MacMillan Press: 1981.
* Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani.
Italian nobility :
| New title | Margrave of Tuscany 812–823 | Succeeded byBoniface II |

## External Links

* Charles Cawley. "Conti di Lucca". Medieval Lands. Retrieved 22 June 2019.
* This biography of an Italian noble is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Bjørn Nyland (skater)

Bjørn Arne Nyland (born 8 October 1962) is a Norwegian speed skater.
He was born in Lillestrøm, and represented the clubs SK Ceres and Aktiv SK. He competed at the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo. He won a bronze medal at the 1983 European allround speed skating championships. In 1987 he became norwegian national allround speed skating champion at Hamar stadion, Hamar. The same season he also became the first national single distance champion of the 1500 meters at Stavanger, then outdoors at Sørmarka stadium, in the same single distance championships he also got a silver on the 1.000 meter behind Frode Rønning.
# Samuel Sawaji Jr.

Samuel Sawaji Green Jr. (born January 5, 1990) is a Japanese American professional basketball player who last played for the Yokohama Excellence of the B.League in Japan. He was selected by the Akita Northern Happinets with the 14th overall pick in the 2012 bj League draft.

## Career statistics
### Regular season

| Year | Team | GP | GS | MPG | FG% | 3P% | FT% | RPG | APG | SPG | BPG | PPG |
| 2012–13 | Akita | 9 | 1 | 3 | .778 | – | .500 | 0.9 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0 | 1.8 |
| 2013–14 | Osaka | 22 | 1 | 10.4 | .529 | – | .400 | 1.6 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0 | 3.7 |
| 2013–14 | Tokyo CR | 16 | 9 | 12.6 | .400 | .000 | .286 | 3.1 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0 | 3.4 |
| 2014–15 | Gunma | 42 | | 6.6 | .592 | .000 | .700 | 1.5 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0 | 2.2 |
| 2015–16 | Toyama | 31 | | 4.6 | .377 | .143 | .600 | .8 | .2 | .1 | .0 | 1.9 |
| 2016–17 | Iwate | 50 | 2 | 7.6 | .465 | | .621 | 1.6 | .3 | .1 | .0 | 2.2 |
| 2017–18 | Shiga | 20 | | 3.9 | .421 | .000 | .500 | .5 | .1 | .1 | .0 | 0.8 |
| 2018–19 | Saitama | 55 | 16 | 14.5 | .460 | .341 | .726 | 2.8 | .7 | .4 | .0 | 5.5 |
| 2019–20 | Tokyo CR | 27 | 8 | 18.7 | .492 | .275 | .533 | 3.3 | 1.5 | .5 | .0 | 5.4 |

### Playoffs

| Year | Team | GP | GS | MPG | FG% | 3P% | FT% | RPG | APG | SPG | BPG | PPG |
| 2015–16 | Toyama | 5 | | 2.80 | .556 | 1.000 | .500 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 | 2.4 |
# Glen Gano

Glen Gano (December 11, 1892 – May 7, 1973) was an American cinematographer and actor.

## Early life and career

Born in Kokomo, Indiana, Gano later attended the Egan Dramatic School in Los Angeles, where, as reported by The Times in July 1912, he and a young Eugene Pallette—then billed as E. W.—were amongst the "advanced pupils" appearing in the "Christmas-tree act" from Clyde Fitch's The Climbers.
Launched 2 years later, Gano's screen acting career comprised a half-dozen appearances prior to America's entry into World War I, during which he served in the United States Army Corps of Engineers.
By contrast, Gano's behind-the-camera credits span roughly half a century, beginning with the 1921 canine-centered adventure film The Silent Call and concluding with American International's ill-conceived 1971 Thing with Two Heads precursor, The Incredible 2-Headed Transplant. In the interim, Gano shot such works such as Three Stooges shorts Booby Dupes, Micro-Phonies, Idiots Deluxe, and The Yoke's On Me, the Charles Starrett western Frontier Gun Law, and Budd Boetticher's A Guy, a Gal and a Pal, starring future producer Russ Meyer.
As a cinematographer, Gano became something of a celebrity, at least among industry insiders, both as a speaker and as the author of numerous articles on the subject, published in The Amateur Cinematographer and The Film Mercury. He was also an innovator, having employed his own, home-made panchromatic stock on his 1921 DP debut.
One particularly ironic footnote to Gano's 2-part career is the fact that it is precisely that brief, now all but forgotten first chapter during which his most widely publicized—and nearly fatal—feat occurred. On December 6, 1915, during the filming of an episode of the serial The Hazards of Helen, Gana, reportedly acting as a stunt double for the film's star, Helen Holmes, suffered what, over the next few days, would be described variously as "a fatal fall," "tragic death," "injuries from which he will probably die," (aka "probably fatal injuries"), making an ill-fated leap from the 4th Street Bridge in Los Angeles. Thankfully, reports of his demise proved premature.

## Death

Gano died on May 7, 1973, in Los Angeles, California, at the age of 80.

## Selected filmography

* The Silent Call (1921)
* White Fang (1925)
* Flashing Fangs (1926)
* Romance of the West (1930)
* Hot Biskits (1931), Spencer Williams directorial debut
* Gold Fever (1952)
# Soraya (wasp)

Soraya is a bitypic genus of parasitoid wasp in the family Braconidae. It is represented in Brazil. As of the description of the genus in 2024, it holds two species.

## Etymology

The genus is named after Soraya Alencar for their contributions to the taxonomy of parasitoid wasps.
# S2 (TV channel)

S2 was a television station broadcast throughout the Scottish and Grampian ITV regions by SMG plc, the holder of the Scottish and Grampian region ITV franchises. The channel existed for two years, from April 1999 until July 2001.

## History

S2 launched on the digital terrestrial platform ONdigital (The channel was also broadcast on cable television services NTL and Telewest) on 30 April 1999. Broadcasting from 4 pm and 2 am, the channel was targeted towards a 15- to 34-year-old youth audience and aired a mixture of drama and documentary programmes from the Scottish and Grampian libraries and a spree of new programmes. The channel's flagship programme, an entertainment programme named S2 Live, aired every night, presented by Sarah Heaney. S2 also broadcast sports coverage, including Scottish rugby.
By the beginning 2001, the channel had all but lost its original intentions after removing almost all of its Scottish programmes and mostly became a simulcast of ITV2, but covered the ITV2 graphic with an opaque S2 graphic. This change caused controversy.
Eventually, SMG signed a deal with Carlton Communications and Granada plc to add the standard ITV2 to the newly-rebranded ITV Digital service, and S2 was effectively replaced with ITV2 and the ITV Sport Channel on 27 July 2001.
# Lorraine Pilkington

Lorraine Pilkington (born 18 April 1974) is an Irish actress from Dublin who is best known for her roles as Katrina Finlay from Monarch of the Glen and Lulu in Human Traffic.

## Early life and education

Born in Dublin in 1974, one of four children, Pilkington grew up in the affluent suburban village of Malahide, and attended Manor House School, Raheny until the age of 14. She trained at the Gaiety School of Acting.

## Career

Pilkington began her acting career at the age of 15 when she appeared in The Miracle directed by Neil Jordan. She appeared onstage in the plays The Plough and the Stars and The Iceman Cometh. At age 18 she moved to London where she was given a part in a Miramax film which eventually fell through after a meeting with Harvey Weinstein. She later returned to Dublin, living in Ballsbridge for a time.
After a period involving substantial voiceover work, she moved back to London in the late 1990s, with the self-described aim of relaunching her career. Pilkington subsequently appeared in films including Human Traffic and My Kingdom, a retelling of King Lear. In 1999, she was cast as Katrina Finlay, a schoolteacher in a Scottish village, a major role in the BBC television series Monarch of the Glen, which was broadcast from 2000. After leaving the show at the beginning of the third season, she appeared in various other television productions such as Rough Diamond and Outnumbered.
In 2008, she appeared in a short film by Luke Massey Within the Woods, with James Chalmers. In 2016 she voiced the lead role in a Paramount animated film Capture the Flag.

### Filmography

* 1991 The Miracle
* 1994 All Things Bright and Beautiful (direct to TV)
* 1996 The Last of the High Kings
* 1997 The Boxer
* 1998 The Nephew
* 1999 Human Traffic
* 2001 My Kingdom
* 2004 Rabbit on the Moon (Conejo en la Luna, Mexico)
* 2006 After Thomas
* 2006 In a Day
* 2008 Within the Woods (short film)
* 2012 What Richard Did
* 2016 Capture the Flag (voice role)

### Television

* 2000 Monarch of the Glen as Katrina Finlay
* 2003 The Clinic on RTÉ One
* 2003 Waking the Dead episode "Walking on Water" as Mandy Lovell
* 2005 Robotboy on Cartoon Network as Tommy Turnbull, Debbie Turnbull and Computer Teacher
* 2007 Rough Diamond on RTÉ One
* 2008 Britannia High on ITV1 as Anna
* 2008 Outnumbered on BBC1 as Barbara
* 2011 Narrator on Masterchef Ireland on RTÉ Two
* 2016, 2017 & 2019 Casualty on BBC One as Rosa Hide (Nurse David Hide's ex-wife)

### Stage

* 1990s The Plough and the Stars and The Iceman Cometh
* 1999 Trust (Gary Mitchell), Royal Court Theatre, London
* 2015 When we were women (Orange Tree Theatre)

## Personal life

In late 2001, in Wicklow, Pilkington married Simon Massey. They originally met on the set of Ballykissangel in 1999, and he was later director of Monarch of the Glen. She has three sons with Massey, and two step-children from his previous marriage.
# MYCO-006

MYCO-006 is an MDMA-like entactogen that is under development for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. It is a short-acting and fast-onset MDMA analogue. Based on animal studies, it is predicted that MYCO-006 will have a duration of 1 to 2 hours, about one-third the 6- to 8-hour duration of MDMA, and to onset 4 times as fast as MDMA. MYCO-006 is being developed by Mydecine. As of February 2024, it is in preclinical research. The chemical structure of MYCO-006 does not yet appear to have been disclosed. 5-BZT-MDMA (MY100) and 6-BZT-MDMA (MY101) were described in Mydecine's patent for short-acting MDMA analogues.
# 2013 Green Party of Quebec leadership election

The 2013 Green Party of Quebec leadership election took place September 21, 2013 in Quebec City, Quebec
Following the party's sagging fortunes in the 2012 campaign, including a public incident in which a journalist with the newspaper La Presse was able to secure candidacy with the party without vetting, incumbent Green Party leader Claude Sabourin resigned.

## Registered candidates

* Alex Tyrrell, candidate for Jacques-Cartier in the 2012 Quebec general election.
* Patricia Domingos, mayor of Sainte-Justine-de-Newton.
* Marc-André Beauchemin, candidate for the Action démocratique du Québec in La Pinière in the 2007 and 2008 Quebec general elections.
* Pierre Étienne Loignon, party activist.

## Potential candidates who did not enter

* Paul-André Martineau, 2010 candidate for leader.
# Spin-exchange

In quantum mechanics, spin-exchange is an interaction process between two particles mediated by an exchange interaction. It preserves total angular momentum of the system but may allow other aspects of the system to change. When two spin-polarized atoms in their ground state experience a spin-exchange collision, the total spin of the atoms is preserved yet the orientation of the individual spins may change. For example, if atoms $A$ and $B$ are oppositely polarized, a spin-exchange collision reverses the spins:
    $A(\uparrow )+B(\downarrow )\rightarrow A(\downarrow )+B(\uparrow )$

## In alkali metals

In a typical vapor of alkali metal atoms, spin-exchange collisions are the dominant type of interaction between atoms. The collisions happen so rapidly that they only alter the state of the electron spins and do not significantly affect the nuclear spins. Thus, spin-exchange collisions between alkali metal atoms can change the hyperfine state of the atoms while preserving total angular momentum of the colliding pair. As a result, spin-exchange collisions cause decoherence in ensembles of polarized atoms precessing in the presence of a magnetic field.
The time between spin-exchange collisions for a vapor of alkali metal atoms is
    $T_{se}=(\sigma _{se}n{\bar {v}}_{rel})^{-1}$
where the spin exchange cross section for alkali metals such as K, Rb, and Cs is
    $\sigma _{se}=2\times 10^{-14}\ \mathrm {cm} ^{2}$
and where $n$ is the vapor density and ${\bar {v}}_{rel}$ is the average relative velocity given by the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution:
    ${\bar {v}}_{rel}={\sqrt {\frac {16RT}{\pi m}}}$
where $R$ is the ideal gas constant, $T$ is the temperature, and $m$ is the molar mass of the atoms.
# Bashmaq, Mianeh

Bashmaq (Persian: باشماق) is a village in, and the capital of, Kolah Boz-e Gharbi Rural District of the Central District of Mianeh County, East Azerbaijan province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 988 in 214 households. The following census in 2011 counted 677 people in 180 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 533 people in 156 households.