# Purushottam Chakraborty

Purushottam Chakraborty is an Indian physicist who is one of the renowned experts in materials analysis using ion beams and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS).
He is a former senior professor of Physics at Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India & former adjunct professor of Physics at University of Pretoria, South Africa.

## Scientific career

Prof Chakraborty did his Ph.D. on the "Design and development of a radio-frequency (RF) quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS) for the study of secondary-ions emitted from ion-bombarded metal surfaces". The QMS was initially fabricated by Profs S D Dey, S B Karmohapatro and B M Banerjee at Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India.
Prof Chakraborty upgraded the equipment by appropriately lowering the frequency of the RF voltage so that the QMS could handle the masses above 200 amu and also by converting the system into a full-fledged UHV-based Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) Setup at Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata. Making use of the indigenous SIMS instrument, he initiated the experimental research on Ion-Matter Interactions, for which he was awarded "Premchand Roychand Scholarship (PRS)" and conferred "Mouat Medal" by the University of Calcutta in 1986. Later, he pursued research on Atomic Collisions in Solids, Inelastic Ion-Surface Collisions and Ion-Beam Modifications & Analysis of Materials. His other research areas include Low-Dimensional Materials and Nanoscale Systems, X-UV Optics, Optoelectronics, Nonlinear Optics, Photonics, Plasmonics, etc.
Prof Chakraborty's work on the fabrication of ‘layered Synthetic Microstructures (LSM)’, at the FOM-Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics – Amsterdam (AMOLF), in collaboration with the Philips Research Laboratories Netherlands, was recognized as a pioneering contribution in the "realization of optical devices for the extreme ultraviolet to soft X-rays".
The methodology of fabricating aspherically-curved mirrors for reflecting soft x-rays at near-normal incidence was employed to construct ‘Soft X-ray Telescopes’ for imaging Solar Corona and Solar Flakes in the X-UV domain of electromagnetic spectrum. The European Space Agency, Netherlands also used this technique for reflecting X-rays with wavelengths of 1.85 and 10 to 17 Angstroms.
Prof. Chakraborty's "Alkali-element based MCsn+ Molecular-ion SIMS" approach has been used for the quantitative analysis of materials without calibration standards, in general and for the composition analysis of surfaces and interfaces of ultrathin films, superlattices and nanostructured materials, in particular. The technique has been recognized as an important contribution in the field of ion-beam analysis of materials.
Prof Chakraborty's work on ‘Ion-beam Synthesis of Metal-Glass Nanocomposites’ has led to the development of novel photonic materials, thereby opening the way for advances in all-optical switching, coupled waveguides and optical computation.
Professor Chakraborty visited and delivered invited lectures at various renowned universities and research institutes across the globe such as Imperial College London, UK; Vanderbilt University, USA; Yale University, USA; Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand; Kyoto University, Japan; and CERN (Geneva), Switzerland to name a few.
Prof Chakraborty was the visiting professor of Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Osaka Electro-Communication University, Japan; Universite Laval, Quebec, Canada; Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany; University of Padova, Italy; International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Trieste, Italy; FOM - Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics, The Netherlands to name a few.

## Awards and recognition

* Adjudged the "Most Eminent Mass Spectrometrist of India' by the Indian Society for Mass Spectrometry (ISMS) for his outstanding contributions in SIMS
* Conferred "Gold Medal" in 2003 by the Chairman, Atomic Energy Commission, Government of India
* Premchand Roychand Scholar of the University of Calcutta (1979)
* Mouat Silver Medal – Awarded by the University of Calcutta (1986)
* Fellow, West Bengal Academy of Science and Technology
* Fellow, Indian Chemical Society

## Keynote speeches

Prof Chakraborty organized and delivered keynote address at various international conferences; to name a few:
* 16th International Workshop on Inelastic Ion-Surface Collisions (IISC-16) 17 - 22 Sep. 2006 Hernstein, A-2560 Hernstein, Austria
* 7th Asian International Seminar on Atomic and Molecular Physics, 4 – 7 December, IIT-Madras, India
* International Summit on Current Trends in Mass Spectrometry, 13 – 15 July 2015, New Orleans, USA
* 8th World Congress on Spectroscopy and Analytical Techniques, September (11 – 12), 2018, Stockholm, Sweden
* 9th World Congress on Spectroscopy and Analytical Techniques, March (06 – 07), 2019, Paris, France
* International Webinar on Mass Spectrometry and Separation Techniques, London, March (05 – 06), 2021
* "Professor Hiralal Das Memorial Lecture", Physics Department, Rajiv Gandhi University, Arunachal Pradesh, India, 11 November 2021
* 4th Edition of World Nanotechnology Conference (World Nano 2021), Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, 25 – 27 April 2022
* Global Conference on Nanotechnology, Madrid, Spain (NanoSeries 2022), 21 - 24 June 2022
* 30th National Conference on Condensed Matter Physics, National Institute of Technology (NIT) – Nagaland, 14 – 16 December 2022 (Plenary Speaker)
* 67th Annual Conference of the South African Institute of Physics, held at the University of Zululand, South Africa during July 3-7, 2023

## Publications

Purushottam Chakraborty has published more than 120 research papers in international journals that includes monographs, reviews and book-chapters.
* Purushottam Chakraborty, MCsn+-SIMS: An Innovative Approach for Direct Compositional Analysis of Materials without Standards, Energy Procedia, Volume 41, (2013), p. 80-109
* M P Bruijn, Prof. Chakraborty, J. Verhoeven, H W van Essen, M. J. van der Wiel, Automatic electron-beam deposition of multilayer soft x-ray coatings with laterally graded d-spacing, Optical Engineering 25, 916 (1986)
* Purushottam Chakraborty, Layered synthetic microstructures as optical elements for the extreme ultraviolet and soft X-rays, Int. J. Mod. Phys B 5, (1991), p:2133-2228
* Biswajit Saha, Purushottam Chakraborty, Hubert Gnaser, Manjula Sharma and Milan K Sanyal, Exact compositional analysis of SiGe alloys by matrix effect compensated MCs+-SIMS, Appl Phys A 108, 671 (2012)
* P. Chakraborty, Metal nanoclusters in glasses as non-linear photonic materials, Journal of Materials Science (Kluwer Academic Publishers) Volume 33, p: 2235-2249 (1998)
* Binita Ghosh and Purushottam Chakraborty, Optical Nonlinearities of Colloidal Metal Quantum Dot – Glass Composites for Nanophotonics (Book: Nanocomposites and Polymers with Analytical Methods) (Edited by John Cuppoletti, Intech Publishers) (2011)
* Journal of Physics: Conference Series (IOP Publications, UK), Volume 80 (Edited by Pranawa C Deshmukh, Purushottam Chakraborty and Jim F Williams), (2006)
* Binita Ghosh and Purushottam Chakraborty, Photonic Materials (Ed: Purushottam Chakraborty), Encyclopedia of Materials: Electronics, Volume 2 (Elsevier)

## Books edited

* "Ion Beam Analysis of Surfaces and Interfaces of Condensed Matter Systems" (Edited by Purushottam Chakraborty), Nova Science Publishers, New York, 2002, ISBN 1590335384
* Photonic Materials (Volume 2; Encyclopaedia of Materials: Electronics), Elsevier Science USA, 1st Edition, 1 January 2023: ISBN 9780128197288
* Nanoscale Matter and Principles for Sensing and Labeling Applications: 206 (Advanced Structured Materials), 1st Ed 2024 Edition, 21 January 2024: ISBN 9819978475