OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bloody Wednesday (Poland)

Bloody Wednesday (Polish: Krwawa środa) refers to the events of 15 August 1906 in the (Congress) Kingdom of Poland, where the Combat Organization of the Polish Socialist Party (OB PPS) carried out a series of attacks on Russians, primarily police officers and informants. This took place in the context of the Revolution in the Kingdom of Poland (1905–1907), and represented one of the biggest actions in the history of OB PPS.

## Events

The aim of OB PPS was to stop repressions following in the wake of the revolution, and demonstrate its strength to the Russian government. It organized a series of simultaneous attacks on Russian officials, primarily policemen, in the Russian partition of Poland that occurred on August 15, 1906.
There were about 100 incidents, with attacks reported in 18, 19 or 20 cities and towns. Sources vary significantly with regards to the number of fatalities, reporting about 80, 70, or 51, fatalities among Russian officials (primarily policeman) and informants (see Okhrana), and 43 or 69 injured. In Warsaw alone, sources note "over 100 civilian casualties"; another notes 50 Russian policemen killed and 100 wounded, Yet another talks of about 200 fatalities. There, an OB PPS group led by Henryk Baron attacked police offices and clashed with a Cossack military unit, which led to a panic in the Russian garrison, suspecting an uprising, and the retreat of some military units from the town. There was also a demonstration at Grzybowski Square. Another large assault took place in Łódź, where a 25-strong OB PPS group under F. Lipiński attacked a police station, and ambushed several patrols.

## Aftermath

Three days later, on 18 August 1906, OB PPS carried out another of its landmark operations, when OB PPS female activist Wanda Krahelska-Filipowicz attempted to assassinate the Russian Governor-general of Warsaw, Georgi Skalon, in Warsaw.
OB PPS was not fully united behind this operation; it was notably opposed by Józef Piłsudski. Other, more moderate organizations like Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania and Bund were also critical of this operation. The Russian response was a new wave of arrests and persecution of anti-state activists. The Imperial Russian Army terrorized worker districts in Warsaw, Łódź and other towns; the most infamous of the reprisal actions was the Russian-organized Siedlce pogrom on 8–10 September 1906.
Those events became among the best known actions of the OB PPS. They were also among the biggest terrorist-like events in the history of OB PPS. It also marked the high point of OB PPS activity, which would wind down over the next year or so.
# 1919 Bulgarian parliamentary election

Parliamentary elections were held in Bulgaria on 17 August 1919. The result was a victory for the Bulgarian Agrarian National Union, which won 77 of the 236 seats. Voter turnout was 55%.

## Results

| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
| | Bulgarian Agrarian National Union | 176,281 | 27.35 | 77 | +30 |
| | Bulgarian Social Democratic Workers' Party (Narrow Socialists) | 119,395 | 18.52 | 47 | +36 |
| | Bulgarian Social Democratic Workers Party (Broad Socialists) | 84,185 | 13.06 | 38 | +28 |
| | Democratic Party | 66,953 | 10.39 | 28 | –3 |
| | People's Party | 57,907 | 8.98 | 19 | +9 |
| | Progressive Liberal Party | 37,178 | 5.77 | 8 | +6 |
| | Radical Democratic Party | 33,861 | 5.25 | 8 | +3 |
| | People's Liberal Party–Genadiev | 14,307 | 2.22 | 1 | New |
| | People's Liberal Party–Petkov | 13,367 | 2.07 | 2 | New |
| | Agrarian Independents | 27,349 | 4.24 | 8 | – |
| | Independents | 13,863 | 2.15 | 8 | – |
| Total | Total | 644,646 | 100.00 | 236 | –9 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 644,646 | 98.22 | | |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 11,708 | 1.78 | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | 656,354 | 100.00 | | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 1,203,745 | 54.53 | | |
| Source: Nohlen & Stöver ||||||
* ↑ Former members of the Bulgarian Agrarian National Union.
# Battle of Nasielsk

vtePolish–Soviet War :
List of battles
1919
Soviet westward offensive
1st Vilnius
Bereza Kartuska
Lida
Pińsk
2nd Vilnius
Minsk
Sieliszcze
Berezina
Byteń
1920
Daugavpils
Latyczów
Koziatyn
Kiev offensive
Berezina
Wołodarka
Bystrzyk
Grodno
Boryspol
Głębokie
Dęblin and Mińsk Mazowiecki
Nasielsk
Radzymin
Ossów
Warsaw
Cyców
Lwów
Zadwórze
Białystok
Komarów
Kobryń
Dytiatyn
Niemen River :
The Battle of Nasielsk was fought on August 14 and August 15 of 1920 between Polish and Soviet forces. The Polish launched a counterattack against Soviet forces who were besieging Warsaw.
Polish General Władysław Sikorski, commanding the Fifth Army, consisting of three infantry and two cavalry divisions, was given the task of containing the Soviet right wing formed by the Soviet 4th, 15th, and 3rd Armies, consisting of twelve infantry and two cavalry divisions. The Poles took the offensive on the morning of 14 Aug., crossing the Wkra and Vistula Rivers. Gen. Karnicki raided Ciechanów and captured the Soviet IV Army's plans and cyphers. On 16 Aug., Sikorski entered Nasielsk, using tanks, armoured cars, and two armoured trains. On 18 Aug. he neared his objectives on the Orzyc and Narew Rivers.$^{:202–203}$
Sikorski's attacks allowed Pilsudski to launch his strike force on 16 Aug. Sikorski "had ensured the clearance of the Vistula bridgehead and the success of the counter-offensive from the Wieprz. The Soviets withdrew their 15th and 3rd armies, and abandoned the 4th Army to its fate.$^{:196,203}$
# Akira Uchiyama

Akira Uchiyama (内山 晃, Uchiyama Akira) born March 3, 1954, is a former Japanese politician, who served as a member of the House of Representatives in the Diet national legislature.

## Overview

A native of Kashiwa, Chiba and graduate of Senshu University, he was elected for the first time in 2003 as a member of the Democratic Party of Japan after an unsuccessful run in 2000. He was one of nine lawmakers to resign from the party in December 2011 over an intended consumption tax hike.
Uchiyama and his follow DPJ dissidents launched the Kizuna Party on January 4, 2012. He became the party President.
# Mark Uyeda

Mark Toshiro Uyeda (born 1970) is an American attorney and government official. A member of the Republican Party, Uyeda has served as a Commissioner of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) since June 30, 2022. Before becoming an SEC Commissioner, Uyeda served on the staff of the SEC for more than 15 years. He is the first Asian Pacific American to serve as a Commissioner of the SEC.

## Early life and education

Uyeda was born to a Japanese American family. His grandfather Mac Yukihiro, ran the family business, Yukihiro Produce, in Westminster, California. Uyeda stated his grandfather and mother were interned due to Executive Order 9066, which forced him to rebuild his business.
Uyeda graduated from Georgetown University with a bachelor of science degree in business administration in 1992. He later received his Juris Doctor degree from the Duke University School of Law. As a law student, Uyeda was the notes editor for the Duke Law Journal.

## Legal career

From 1995 to 1996, Uyeda worked as an associate at K&L Gates. He later became an associate at O'Melveny & Myers in Los Angeles, where he worked from 1997 to 2004. From 2004 to 2006, he served as a senior advisor to the commissioner of the California Department of Corporations.
In 2006, he became an attorney and advisor at the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Prior to serving as a commissioner, Uyeda was a staffer for SEC commissioner Michael Piwowar and worked for SEC chair Jay Clayton. He has also worked on detail as a Republican staffer for the United States Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs.

## Commissioner of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

In April 2022, President Joe Biden nominated Uyeda to fill a vacant seat on the SEC left formerly held by Elad Roisman. His nomination was supported by Senator Pat Toomey (R-PA), who signed a letter of recommendation in his favor.
On June 16, 2022, both Uyeda and Democratic SEC nominee Jaime Lizárraga were confirmed by the U.S. Senate. Alongside Hester Peirce, Uyeda is one of two Republicans on the five member body. Uyeda's confirmation made him the first Asian American to serve as an SEC commissioner. Since taking office, Uyeda has expressed concerns about the viability of thirty-day comment periods. On June 2, 2023, President Biden announced his intent to nominate Uyeda to a second term. On June 6, 2023, his nomination was sent to the Senate. On October 19, 2023, a hearing on his nomination was held before the Senate Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Committee. On November 7, his nomination was reported favorably out of committee by voice vote. On December 20, 2023, his nomination was confirmed in the Senate by voice vote. He was sworn in for a second term on January 3, 2024.
# Schmardaea

Schmardaea is a genus of trees in the family Meliaceae. It solely comprises the species Schmardaea microphylla.

## Distribution and habitat

Found in cloud forests and dry forests at mid elevations and up to 2700 m in Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru.
# Yoshifumi Matsumura

Yoshifumi Matsumura (松村 祥史, Matsumura Yoshifumi, born April 22, 1964) is a Japanese politician of the Liberal Democratic Party, a member of the House of Councillors in the Diet (national legislature). A graduate of Senshu University, he was elected to the House of Councillors for the first time in 2004.
# Kay'Ron Lynch-Adams

Kay'Ron Lynch-Adams is an American football running back for the Michigan State Spartans. He previously played for the Rutgers Scarlet Knights and for the UMass Minutemen.

## Early life and high school

Lynch-Adams attended Warren G. Harding High School in Warren, Ohio. He was rated as a three-star recruit and committed to play college football for the Rutgers Scarlet Knights.

## College career
### Rutgers

In two years with the Scarlet Knights in 2019 and 2020, Lynch-Adams totaled 320 yards and two touchdowns on 83 carries and brought in six receptions for 120 yards and a touchdown. After the 2020 season, he entered his name into the NCAA transfer portal.

### UMass

Lynch-Adams transferred to play for the UMass Minutemen. In his first two seasons with UMass in 2021 and 2022, he rushed 123 times for 411 yards and two touchdowns in 18 games. In 2023, Lynch-Adams rushed 236 attempts for 1,157 yards and 12 touchdowns. After the season, he entered his name into the NCAA transfer portal once again.

### Michigan State

Lynch-Adams transferred to play for the Michigan State Spartans. In his team debut he rushed for 101 yards and a touchdown on nine carries in a season-opening win over FAU.
# 1st Venice International Film Festival

The 1st annual Venice International Film Festival was held between 6 and 21 August 1932. Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde was the first film to be screened at the festival. No official prizes were awarded, so an audience referendum took place to determine the winners.

## Awards

* Most Favorite Actor: Fredric March for Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde
* Most Favorite Actress: Helen Hayes for The Sin of Madelon Claudet
* Most Convincing Director: Nikolai Ekk for Putyovka v zhizn
* Best Technical Perfection: Leontine Sagan for Mädchen in Uniform
* Most Original Story (Fantasy): Rouben Mamoulian for Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde
* Most Amusing Film: René Clair for À nous la liberté
* Most Touching Film: Edgar Selwyn for The Sin of Madelon Claudet
# Coventry Centre, Rhode Island

Coventry Centre is a historic village in Coventry, Rhode Island.
The village was founded in 1809 and was originally called "Shoethread." The village was renamed Coventry Centre because it is the geographic center of the town. In the 18th century Bog iron was mined in Maroon Swamp (named after the color of the iron deposits), an area now known as Stump Pond. The area also contains Foster Ledge Quarry from which granite was transported by the Hartford Fishkill Railroad and used in various buildings across the state.
# Masayoshi Namiki

Masayoshi Namiki (並木 正芳, Namiki Masayoshi, born May 19, 1949) is a former Japanese politician of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), who served as a member of the House of Representatives in the Diet (national legislature). A native of Tokorozawa, Saitama and graduate of Saitama University, he had served in the assembly of Tokorozawa for three terms since 1979 and in the assembly of Saitama Prefecture for two terms since 1991. He was elected to the House of Representatives for the first time in 1996 as a member of the New Frontier Party. After losing his seat in 2000, he also lost the election in 2003. He was re-elected in 2005 as a member of the LDP.
# Battle of Almendralejo

The Battle of Almendralejo was a battle and massacre in Almendralejo, Spain, in August 1936, during the first stages of the Spanish Civil War.

## History

On 7 August 1936, the troops of General Francisco Franco, under the command of Gonzalo Queipo de Llano, entered Almendralejo and took the town. Upon the entrance of the troops, the Republican militiamen withdrew; forty of them holed up in the Tower of the Parish of the Purification (Torre de la Parroquia de la Purificación), whose profile dominates the surrounding countryside. Military staff then decided to set fire to the parish and shell the tower with a cannon installed in the Fuente La Negra, in order to force the Republicans to surrender.
Roughly 1,000 civilians were killed. The Republicans resisted until 15 August 1936.
# Battle of Mérida

The Battle of Mérida saw the Republican militia twice fail to halt the Spanish Army of Africa near the historic town of Mérida early in the Spanish Civil War.
The Nationalists beat the Republicans from the city on 10 August 1936 and secured control the following day, allowing General Juan Yagüe to surround and capture neighbouring Badajoz in the Battle of Badajoz several days later.

## Nationalist advance

The Nationalist army, under Colonel Carlos Asensio, assembled at Seville with assistance by German and Italian "advisors". The force began its Blitzkrieg-like drive northward on 2 August in trucks supplied by General Queipo de Llano. Major Antonio Castejón followed with a second column on 3 August.
Asensio raced north, smashing through fierce Republican resistance on 6 August. The next day, the Army of Africa captured the village of Almendralejo after a bloody struggle that decimated both sides. The Republicans retreated north to nearby Mérida, while the Nationalists waited for Castejón to arrive.

## The battle

On 10 August the Republican militia made another stand along the Guadiana River, several kilometers south of Mérida. Two banderas (IV Bandera and V Bandera) of the Spanish Foreign Legion and one tabor (II Tabor) of Moroccan Regulares took part in the battle. Before the attack, Mérida was subjected to powerful shelling from Nationalist artillery and aviation. The rebels then attacked the city from three directions: the IV Bandera from the south, crossing the Guadiana River after taking Alange and Zafra, the II Tabor from the east, and the V Bandera crossing the Puente Romano. The IV Bandera initially failed to cross the river, and retreated itself to Almendralejo, but the II Tabor entered the city.
In the meantime, Asensio, with the V Bandera, pushed forward and captured the bridge, then swept across the river and captured the city. The loyalist militia retreated rather than risk encirclement, and General Yagüe then arrived to take command of the rebel army. After the occupation of the city, Yagüe's troops carried out a bloody massacre. The committee of defense, led by Anita López was executed by the Nationalists.
Yagüe next moved west against Badajoz with Asensio and Castejón, leaving a detachment of soldiers under Major Heli Tella to hold Mérida. On 11 August the Republican militia reappeared with a strong contingent of Asaltos and Guardia Civil from Madrid. The Republicans attacked and were beaten by Tella's professional Legionnaires. Meanwhile, Yagüe's contingent took Badajoz by storm.

## Aftermath

After the occupation of Mérida and Badajoz, the Nationalists connected the Nationalist-held northern zone and the southern zone. Furthermore, the Nationalist occupied the occidental half of the Badajoz province and the Republican government lost the control of the Portuguese frontier. The Nationalists carried out a harsh repression in the conquered territory.
# Khalid Rashid

Sheikh Khalid Mohammad Hamad Al Rashid is a Saudi Arabian citizen who was arrested in the mid 2000's for his religious expression and associations.
Opinions on the date and reason for Al Rashid's arrest differ. Humans rights organisation Alkarama allege that the Sheikh was arrested on 19 March 2006 in Mecca, during the religious pilgrimage known as Umrah, and state that his family believe the reason for his arrest to be his public comments on government policy. They also note his connection with the so-called "Movement of Reformers" as being a possible reason for his detention. Sanad, another human rights organisation, instead state that he was arrested in 2005 following a sermon protesting Danish cartoons of the Prophet Muhammad.
In 2007, the OHCHR Working Group on Arbitrary Detention expressed the opinion that the detention of Al Rashid is based solely on his political activities and is thus in contravention of articles 9 and 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
Al Rashid was originally sentenced to five years in the prison Al-Hair in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, but following his appeal in 2009 his sentence was tripled to 15 years. Although his original sentence ended in 2020, his release was delayed and he was instead transferred to the General Directorate of Investigation in November 2021, where he was retried in February 2022 and received an additional sentence of eight more years in prison. In November of the same year the Court of Appeal harshened his sentence further, adding another 17 years for a total of 40 years in prison.
# USS Theodore Roosevelt (ID-1478)

The first USS Theodore Roosevelt (ID-1478) was a United States Navy troop transport in commission from 1918 to 1919.

## Construction, acquisition, and commissioning

SS Theodore Roosevelt was a passenger steamer built in 1906 at Toledo, Ohio, by the Toledo Shipbuilding Company, and operated commercially on Lake Michigan. Ordered taken over by the U.S. Navy on 6 April 1918 for World War I service as a troop transport, she was acquired by the United States Navy from the Roosevelt Steamship Company sometime in the spring of 1918, assigned Identification Number (Id. No.) 1478, and fitted out as a troop transport during the summer and fall of 1918. Though some sources suggest that Theodore Roosevelt served in a non-commissioned capacity in the Navy, the fact that the 1919 Navy Directory lists Lieutenant Harry D. Irwin, USNRF, as "...comdg U.S.S. Roosevelt..." is a strong indication that she was in fact commissioned as USS Theodore Roosevelt (ID-1478) during 1918.

## Operations

By 1 November 1918, Theodore Roosevelt was assigned to duty as a transport carrying troops back and forth across the English Channel between the United Kingdom and France. She continued that duty at least until 1 April 1919 and probably returned to the United States sometime in April or May.

## Decommissioning and disposal

As of 1 June 1919, Theodore Roosevelt was at New York awaiting disposition. On 1 July 1919, she was sold to the Cleveland Steamship Company and her name was struck from the Naval Vessel Register the same day.

## Later career

Once again SS Theodore Roosevelt, she resumed her commercial career as a passenger ship on the Great Lakes, operating on Lake Erie. In 1926, she was sold to the Maritime Securities Company of Manitowoc, Wisconsin, and underwent modifications. In 1927, she was sold to the Chicago Roosevelt Steamship Company of Duluth, Minnesota. As a result of either the 1926 or 1927 sale, she moved back to Lake Michigan. Later in her career she also operated in the Detroit, Michigan, area, and perhaps elsewhere in the Great Lakes. She was sold again to T.J. McGuire of Duluth,
Theodore Roosevelt appears to have been laid up sometime around 1945. She was sold in 1946 to the Cleveland and Cedar Point Steamship Company of Duluth, then again in 1947 to the Cleveland and Buffalo Steamship Company of Cleveland. She finally was sold for scrapping in 1950 to the Cream City Lumber and Wrecking Company of Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
# Motion ratio

The motion ratio of a mechanism is the ratio of the displacement of the point of interest to that of another point.
The most common example is in a vehicle's suspension, where it is used to describe the displacement and forces in the springs and shock absorbers. The force in the spring is (roughly) the vertical force at the contact patch divided by the motion ratio, and the spring rate is the wheel rate divided by the motion ratio squared.
    $IR={\frac {SpringDisplacement}{WheelDisplacement}}.$$MR={\frac {WheelDisplacement}{SpringDisplacement}}.$
    $Wheelrate={Springrate}*{IR^{2}}.$$Wheelrate={Springrate}/{MR^{2}}.$
This is described as the Installation Ratio in the reference. Motion ratio is the more common term in the industry, but sometimes is used to mean the inverse of the above definition.
Motion ratio in suspension of a vehicle describes the amount of shock travel for a given amount of wheel travel. Mathematically, it is the ratio of shock travel and wheel travel. The amount of force transmitted to the vehicle chassis reduces with increase in motion ratio. A motion ratio close to one is desired in the vehicle for better ride and comfort. One should know the desired wheel travel of the vehicle before calculating motion ratio, which depends much on the type of track the vehicle will run upon.
Selecting the appropriate ratio depends on multiple factors:
* Bending moment: To reduce the bending moment the strut point should be close to the wheel.
* Suspension stiffness: Suspensions tends to stiffen when the inclination of the shock absorber to horizontal tends to 90 degrees.
* Half-shafts: In suspensions of driven wheels, wheel travel is in many cases constrained by the universal joints of the half shafts. Design the motion ratio such that at maximum bounce and rebound shocks are the first components that bottom out by hitting bump stops.
# Prebold

Prebold (pronounced) is a settlement in central Slovenia. It is the seat of the Municipality of Prebold. It lies on the edge of the lower Savinja Valley at the northern edge of the Sava Hills west of Celje. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. The municipality is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region.

## Name

The name of the settlement was changed from Sveti Pavel pri Preboldu (literally, 'Saint Paul near Prebold') to Prebold in 1952. The name was changed on the basis of the 1948 Law on Names of Settlements and Designations of Squares, Streets, and Buildings as part of efforts by Slovenia's postwar communist government to remove religious elements from toponyms. At the time, a proposal was also made for the settlement to be renamed Šlandrovo (after the Slovenian communist Slavko Šlander), but it was not carried through. The settlement is also locally known as Šempavel (< Šent Pavel 'Saint Paul'). The name Sveti Pavel is derived from the church in the settlement, and the name Prebold is believed to be derived from German Prewald, in turn borrowed from Slovene preval 'mountain pass'. The name Prebold formerly referred to a part of the settlement known today as Graščina, but may have originally referred to the Vrhe Pass on the route from Prebold to Trbovlje.

## Church

The parish church in the settlement is dedicated to Saint Paul and belongs to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Celje. It was built in 1898 on the site of a 14th-century church.