# List of philosophers (A–C)

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vte :
Philosophers (and others important in the history of philosophy), listed alphabetically:
       Note: This list has a minimal criterion for inclusion and the relevance to philosophy of some individuals on the list is disputed.
* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z
* A–C
* D–H
* I–Q
* R–Z
* Notes

## A

* Nicola Abbagnano (1901–1990)
* Muhammad Abduh (1849–1905)
* Peter Abelard (1079–1142)
* Miguel Abensour (1939–2017)
* Abhinavagupta (fl. c. 975–1025)
* Abner of Burgos (c. 1270 – c. 1347)
* Isaac ben Judah Abravanel (1437–1508)
* Judah ben Isaac Abravanel (1460?–1535?)
* Marilyn McCord Adams (1943–2017)
* Robert Adams (born 1937)
* Jane Addams (1860–1935)
* Joseph Addison (1672–1719)
* Adelard of Bath (12th century)
* Alfred Adler (1870–1937)
* Vladimir Adoratsky (1873–1945)
* Theodor Adorno (1903–1969)
* Aenesidemus (1st century BC)
* Jamal al-Din al-Afghani (1839–1897)
* Giorgio Agamben (born 1942)
* Rodolphus Agricola (1443–1485)
* Agrippa the Sceptic (1st/2nd century)
* Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa (1486–1535)
* Aijaz Ahmad (1941–2022)
* Pierre d'Ailly (1350–1420)
* Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz (1890–1963)
* Ricardo Alarcón (1937–2022)
* Isaac Albalag (13th century)
* Hans Albert (1921–2023)
* Albert of Saxony (c. 1316–1390)
* Albertus Magnus (or Saint Albert the Great or Albert of Cologne), (1193?–1280)
* Joseph Albo (1380–1444)
* Alcinous (2nd century)
* Alcmaeon of Croton (5th century BC)
* Virgil Aldrich (1903–1998)
* Yohanan ben Isaac Alemanno (1433–1504)
* Alexander of Aphrodisias (2nd century)
* Alexander of Hales (died 1245)
* Samuel Alexander (1859–1938)
* Dante Alighieri (1265–1321)
* Antonio Aliotta (1881–1964)
* Archibald Alison (1757–1839)
* Abd al-Jabiri (1935—2010)
* Abdullah al-Qasemi (1907–1996)
* William Alston (1921–2009)
* Johannes Althusius (1557–1638)
* Louis Althusser (1918–1990)
* Robert Alyngton (died 1398)
* B. R. Ambedkar (1891–1956)
* Ambrose (c. 340–397)
* Abu'l Hasan Muhammad Ibn Yusuf al-'Amiri (died 992)
* Mahdi Amel (1936–1987)
* Ammonius Hermiae (5th century)
* Ammonius Saccas (3rd century)
* André-Marie Ampère (1775–1836)
* Anton Wilhelm Amo (1703–c. 1759)
* Anaxagoras (died 462 BC)
* Anaxarchus (fl. 340 BC)
* Anaximander (c. 610 BC–c. 546 BC)
* Anaximenes of Miletus (6th century BC)
* Alan Ross Anderson (1925–1973)
* John Anderson (1893–1962)
* Perry Anderson (born 1938)
* Ando Shoeki (1703–1762)
* Stephen Pearl Andrews (1812–1886)
* Andronicus of Rhodes (c. 70 BC)
* Peter Annet (1693–1769)
* Anniceris (fl. 300 BC)
* G. E. M. Anscombe (1918–2001)
* Anselm (1034–1109)
* Antiochus of Ascalon (c. 130–68 BC)
* Antiphon (480–403 BC)
* Antisthenes (c. 444–365)
* Karl-Otto Apel (1922–2017)
* Apuleius (c. 123–c. 180)
* Thomas Aquinas (1225–1274)
* Isaac ben Moses Arama (1420–1494)
* Arcesilaus (316–241 BC)
* Archytas (428–347 BC)
* Roberto Ardigò (1828–1920)
* Hannah Arendt (1906–1975)
* Aristippus of Cyrene (c. 435–366 BC)
* Aristo of Chios (fl. 250 BC)
* Aristotle (384 BC – 322 BC)
* Arius (256–336)
* Mohammed Arkoun (1928–2010)
* Jacobus Arminius (1560–1609)
* David Malet Armstrong (1926–2014)
* Antoine Arnauld (1612–1694)
* Matthew Arnold (1822–1888)
* Kenneth Arrow (1921–2017)
* Valentin Ferdinandovich Asmus (1894–1975)
* Mary Astell (1666–1731)
* Athanasius of Alexandria (298–373)
* Pandurang Shastri Athavale (1920–2003)
* Gwenaëlle Aubry (born 1971)
* Augustine of Hippo (354–430)
* Marcus Aurelius (121–180)
* Peter Aureol (c. 1280–1322)
* Sri Aurobindo (1872–1950)
* John Austin (1790–1859)
* John Langshaw Austin (1911–1960)
* Richard Avenarius (1843–1896)
* Averroes (or Ibn Rushd), (1126–1198)
* Avicenna (or Ibn Sina), (980–1037)
* Kostas Axelos (1924–2010)
* Lyubov Axelrod (1868–1946)
* Alfred Jules Ayer (1910–1989)

## B

* Ba Jin (1904–2005)
* Franz Xaver von Baader (1765–1841)
* Charles Babbage (1791–1871)
* Gaston Bachelard (1884–1962)
* Johann Jakob Bachofen (1815–1887)
* Hans-Georg Backhaus (born 1929)
* Francis Bacon (1561–1626)
* Roger Bacon (1214–1294)
* Alain Badiou (born 1937)
* Hibat Allah Abu'l-Barakat al-Baghdaadi (1080–1165)
* Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi (1162–1231)
* Sergio Bagú (1911–2002)
* Annette Baier (1929–2012)
* Kurt Baier (1917–2010)
* James Black Baillie (1873–1940)
* Alexander Bain (1818–1903)
* Karl Friedrich Bahrdt (1741–1792)
* Lynne Rudder Baker (1944–2017)
* Mikhail Bakhtin (1895–1975)
* Mikhail Bakunin (1814–1876)
* Arthur Balfour (1848–1930)
* John Balguy (1686–1748)
* Étienne Balibar (born 1942)
* Domingo Báñez (1528–1604)
* Antonio Banfi (1886–1957)
* Abraham bar Hiyya Ha-Nasi (1070–1136)
* Jonathan Barnes (born 1942)
* Brian Barry (1936–2009)
* Karl Barth (1886–1968)
* Roland Barthes (1915–1980)
* Bartolus de Saxoferrato (1313–1357)
* Johann Bernhard Basedow (1724–1790)
* Basilides (c. 117–138)
* Georges Bataille (1897–1962)
* Charles Batteux (1713–1780)
* Jean Baudrillard (1929–2007)
* Bruno Bauer (1809–1882)
* David Baumgardt (1890–1963)
* Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten (1714–1762)
* Pierre Bayle (1647–1706)
* Monroe Beardsley (1915–1985)
* James Beattie (1735–1803)
* Cesare, Marquis of Beccaria (1738–1794)
* Jakob Sigismund Beck (1761–1840)
* Vissarion Belinsky (1811–1848)
* Robert Bellarmine (1542–1621)
* Nuel Belnap (born 1930)
* Gustave Belot (1859–1929)
* Aaron Ben-Ze'ev (born 1949)
* David Benatar (born 1966)
* Dirk Benedict (born 1945)
* Friedrich Eduard Beneke (1798–1854)
* Walter Benjamin (1892–1940)
* Gottfried Benn (1886–1956)
* Jonathan Bennett (born 1930)
* Daniel Bensaïd (1946–2010)
* Jeremy Bentham (1748–1832)
* Richard Bentley (1662–1742)
* Nikolai Berdyaev (1874–1948)
* Gustav Bergmann (1906–1987)
* Henri Bergson (1859–1941)
* George Berkeley (1685–1753)
* Isaiah Berlin (1909–1997)
* Claude Bernard (1813–1878)
* Bernard of Chartres (died 1130)
* Bernard of Clairvaux (1090–1153)
* Bernard Silvestris (or Bernard of Tours), (1147–1178)
* François Bernier (1620–1688)
* Eduard Bernstein (1850–1932)
* Ludwig von Bertalanffy (1901–1972)
* Bessarion (1403–1472)
* Bhartrhari (5th century)
* Gabriel Biel (1425–1495)
* Georg Bernhard Bilfinger (1693–1750)
* Alfred Binet (1857–1911)
* Ludwig Binswanger (1881–1966)
* Max Black (1909–1988)
* Simon Blackburn (born 1944)
* William Blackstone (1723–1780)
* Hugh Blair (1718–1800)
* William Blake (1757–1827)
* Maurice Blanchot (1907–2003)
* Louis Auguste Blanqui (1805–1881)
* Brand Blanshard (1892–1987)
* Blasius of Parma (or Biagio Pelacani da Parma), (1345–1416)
* Ernst Bloch (1885–1977)
* Ned Block (born 1942)
* Maurice Blondel (1861–1949)
* Charles Blount (1654–1693)
* Norberto Bobbio (1909–2004)
* Jean Bodin (1530–1596)
* Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius (AD 480–524/525)
* Boetius of Dacia (c. 1240–c. 1280)
* Leonardo Boff (born 1938)
* Alexander Bogdanov (1873–1928)
* Grace Lee Boggs (1915–2015)
* Jakob Böhme (1575–1624)
* David Bohm (1917–1992)
* Niels Bohr (1885–1962)
* Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux (1636–1711)
* Samuel Bold (1649–1737)
* Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke (1678–1751)
* Ludwig Boltzmann (1844–1906)
* Bernard Bolzano (1781–1848)
* Louis Gabriel Ambroise de Bonald (1754–1840)
* Francesco Bonatelli (1830–1911)
* Bonaventure (1221–1274)
* Dietrich Bonhoeffer (1906–1945)
* Charles Bonnet (1720–1793)
* George Boole (1815–1864)
* Amadeo Bordiga (1889–1970)
* Bernard Bosanquet (1848–1923)
* Rudjer Boscovich (1711–1787)
* Pierre Bourdieu (1930–2002)
* Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet (1627–1704)
* Christopher Jacob Boström (1797–1866)
* Henri de Boulainvilliers (1658–1722)
* Emile Boutroux (1845–1921)
* Oets Kolk Bouwsma (1898–1978)
* Borden Parker Bowne (1847–1910)
* Robert Boyle (1627–1691)
* F. H. Bradley (1846–1924)
* Thomas Bradwardine (c. 1290–1349)
* Richard-Bevan Braithwaite (1900–1990)
* Richard B. Brandt (1910–1997)
* Ray Brassier, (born 1965)
* Franz Brentano (1838–1917)
* Percy Williams Bridgman (1882–1961)
* Edgar S. Brightman (1884–1953)
* Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin (1755–1826)
* Richard Brinkley (fl. 1350–1373)
* Radulphus Brito (c. 1270–c. 1320)
* C. D. Broad (1887–1971)
* David H.M. Brooks (1950–1996)
* Thom Brooks (born 1973)
* Luitzen Egbertus Jan Brouwer (1881–1966)
* Thomas Brown (1778–1820)
* Peter Browne (1666–1735)
* Orestes Brownson (1803–1876)
* Emil Brunner (1889–1966)
* Giordano Bruno (1548–1600)
* Leon Brunschvicg (1869–1944)
* James Bryce, 1st Viscount Bryce (1838–1922)
* Martin Buber (1878–1965)
* Justus Buchler (1914–1991)
* Ludwig Büchner (1824–1899)
* Henry Thomas Buckle (1821–1862)
* Malcolm Budd (born 1941)
* Johann Franz Buddeus (1667–1729)
* Buddhaghosa (5th century)
* Claude Buffier (1661–1737)
* Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon (1707–1788)
* Nikolai Bukharin (1888–1938)
* Sergei Nikolaevich Bulgakov (1871–1944)
* Edward Bullough (1880–1934)
* Rudolf Bultmann (1884–1976)
* Mario Bunge (1919–2020)
* Jacob Burckhardt (1818–1897)
* Tyler Burge (born 1946)
* Jean Buridan (1300–1358)
* Edmund Burke (1729–1797)
* Walter Burley (c. 1275–c. 1345)
* Myles Frederic Burnyeat (1939–2019)
* Richard Burthogge (1638–1704)
* Joseph Butler (1692–1752)
* Judith Butler (born 1956)
* Samuel Butler (1835–1902)

## C

* Pierre Jean George Cabanis (1757–1808)
* Étienne Cabet (1788–1856)
* Amílcar Cabral (1924–1973)
* Edward Caird (1835–1908)
* Dorion Cairns (1901–1973)
* Thomas Cajetan (1469–1534)
* Calcidius (4th century)
* Mario Calderoni (1879–1914)
* Callicles (late 5th century BC)
* John Calvin (1509–1564)
* Jacques Camatte (born 1935)
* Tommaso Campanella (1568–1639)
* George Campbell (1719–1796)
* Norman Robert Campbell (1880–1949)
* Albert Camus (1913–1960)
* Georges Canguilhem (1904–1995)
* Georg Cantor (1845–1918)
* Ángel Cappelletti (1927–1995)
* Johannes Capreolus (1380–1444)
* Claudia Card (1940–2015)
* Gerolamo Cardano (1501–1576)
* Thomas Carlyle (1795–1881)
* Gershom Carmichael (c. 1672 – 1729)
* Rudolf Carnap (1891–1970)
* Carneades (c. 214 – 129 BC)
* Edward Carpenter (1844–1929)
* Lewis Carroll (1832–1898)
* Nancy Cartwright (born 1943)
* Carl Gustav Carus (1789–1869)
* Paul Carus (1852–1919)
* Antonio Caso (1883–1946)
* Ernst Cassirer (1874–1945)
* Hector-Neri Castañeda (1924–1991)
* Cornelius Castoriadis (1922–1997)
* Carlo Cattaneo (1801–1869)
* Christopher Caudwell (1907–1937)
* Jean Cavaillès (1903–1944)
* Stanley Cavell (1926–2018)
* Margaret Cavendish (1623–1673)
* Celsus of Alexandria (2nd century)
* Michel de Certeau (1925–1986)
* Pyotr Chaadaev (1794–1856)
* Houston Stewart Chamberlain (1855–1927)
* Chanakya (or Kautilya) (321–296 BC)
* Chang Hsueh-ch'eng (or Zhang Xuecheng) (1738–1801)
* Chang Tsai (or Zhang Zai), (1020–1077)
* William Ellery Channing (1780–1842)
* Walter Charleton (1619–1707)
* Pierre Charron (1541–1603)
* José Chasin (1937–1998)
* François-René de Chateaubriand (1768–1848)
* François Châtelet (1925–1985)
* Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya (1918–1993)
* Walter Chatton (1290–1343)
* Ch'en Hsien-chang (1428–1500)
* Cheng Hao (or Ch'eng Ming-Tao) (1032–1085)
* Cheng Hsuan (or Zheng Xuan) (127–200)
* Cheng Yi (or Ch'eng Yi Chu'an) (1033–1107)
* Nikolai Chernyshevsky (1828–1889)
* Chia Yi (or Jia Yi or Chia I) (201–169 BC)
* Chiao Hung (1540–1620)
* Boris Chicherin (1828–1904)
* Ch'ien Mu (1895–1990)
* Chih Tun (or Zhi Dun) (314–366)
* William Chillingworth (1602–1644)
* Roderick Chisholm (1916–1999)
* Noam Chomsky (born 1928)
* Tasan Chông Yagyong (1762–1836)
* Chou Tun-Yi (or Zhou Dunyi or Chou Lien-Hsi or Zhou Lianxi) (1017–1073)
* Christine de Pizan (c. 1365 – c. 1430)
* Chrysippus (279–207 BC)
* Thomas Chubb (1679–1747)
* Alonzo Church (1903–1995)
* Patricia Churchland (born 1943)
* Paul Churchland (born 1942)
* Leon Chwistek (1884–1944)
* Cicero (106 – 43 BC)
* August Cieszkowski (1814–1894)
* Emil Cioran (1911–1995)
* Hélène Cixous (born 1937)
* Clarembald of Arras (1110–1187)
* Samuel Clarke (1675–1729)
* Johannes Clauberg (1622–1665)
* Cleanthes (301–232 BC)
* Clement of Alexandria (2nd–3rd century)
* Catherine Clément (born 1939)
* Cleomedes (2nd century)
* William Kingdon Clifford (1845–1879)
* Catherine Trotter Cockburn (1679–1749)
* Lorraine Code (born 1937)
* G.A. Cohen (1941–2009)
* Hermann Cohen (1842–1918)
* L. Jonathan Cohen (1923–2006)
* Morris Raphael Cohen (1880–1947)
* Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772–1834)
* John Colet (1466–1519)
* Lucio Colletti (1924–2001)
* Arthur Collier (1680–1732)
* R. G. Collingwood (1889–1943)
* Anthony Collins (1676–1729)
* John Comenius (1592–1670)
* Auguste Comte (1798–1857)
* Étienne Bonnot de Condillac (1715–1780)
* Marquis de Condorcet (1743–1794)
* Confucius (551 – 479 BC)
* Victor Prosper Considerant (1808–1893)
* Benjamin Constant (1767–1830)
* Lady Anne Finch Conway (1631–1679)
* Anna J. Cooper (1858–1964)
* Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543)
* Henry Corbin (1903–1978)
* Geraud de Cordemoy (1626–1684)
* Moses ben Jacob Cordovero (1522–1570)
* Maurice Cornforth (1909–1980)
* Carlos Cossio (1903–1987)
* Newton da Costa (born 1929)
* Uriel da Costa (1585–1640)
* Antoine Augustin Cournot (1801–1877)
* Victor Cousin (1792–1867)
* Louis Couturat (1868–1914)
* Crates of Thebes (c. 365 – c. 285 BC)
* William Crathorn (14th century)
* Cratylus (c. 400 BC)
* James Edwin Creighton (1861–1924)
* Hasdai Crescas (c. 1340–1410)
* Benedetto Croce (1866–1952)
* Alexander Crummell (1819–1898)
* Christian August Crusius (1715–1775)
* Ralph Cudworth (1617–1688)
* Nathaniel Culverwel (1619–1651)
* Richard Cumberland (1631?–1718)
* Cyrano de Bergerac (1619–1655)
* Heinrich Czolbe (1819–1873)

## Contents
### List of philosophers

    (A–C)
    (D–H)
    (I–Q)
    (R–Z)