OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 2011 Svalbard polar bear attack

The 2011 Svalbard polar bear attack was an attack by a presumed starving polar bear on a group of university students and their guides. The bear killed one person, injured four others, and was then shot.

## Event

On 5 August 2011, a polar bear in the Norwegian archipelago of Svalbard attacked a party of 13 university students, who were undertaking an expedition organised by the British Schools Exploring Society (BSES), and were camped near the Von Post glacier, 40 kilometres (25 miles) from the settlement of Longyearbyen. The bear was reported as being starving and emaciated. 17-year-old Horatio Chapple, a former pupil of Eton College, was killed in the attack. Four others were hurt, three seriously, and all were flown to Tromsø on mainland Norway for treatment. The bear was shot dead by one of the expedition's leaders, Michael "Spike" Reid, who himself suffered severe head and facial injuries.
The BSES party of 80 members had planned their trip to run from 23 July to 28 August, but it was cut short after the incident.

## Aftermath

Police later disclosed that the organisers of the expedition had not assigned a night watchman, because of dense fog on the night of the incident, and that during the emergency their gun failed to fire four times because its safety catch was engaged. Leaders of such expeditions are advised that camps should be protected by trip wires that detonate deterrent explosives, lookouts through the night, or guard dogs. Of those options, the camp used trip wires, but they failed to trigger.
The Sysselmann (local authority) requires a risk assessment for any camping trip such as this, which must then be approved by the Sysselmann.
In September 2011, it was announced that a high court judge would chair an inquiry into the death.
In March 2012, following an inquiry by Norwegian investigators, officials ruled that the attack could have been prevented if the expedition members had stayed in cabins instead of tents. However, since this additional safety precaution was not required by law, it was ruled that the expedition leaders would not face prosecution.
Chapple's parents launched a charity initiative, Horatio's Garden, in his memory. The charity has built six gardens in spinal injury centres across the UK, with more in development.
# Teguldet

Teguldet (Russian: Тегульдет, Chulym: Тӧгілдет) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Teguldetsky District, Tomsk Oblast, Russia. Population: 4,385 (2010 Census); 4,787 (2002 Census); 5,193 (1989 Soviet census).
# Chebogue Cemetery

Chebogue Cemetery is the oldest burial ground in Yarmouth County, Nova Scotia, Canada, established in 1771.
# Dietmar Nöckler

Dietmar Nöckler (born 29 September 1988) is an Italian cross-country skier. He has been in a relationship with fellow cross-country skier Ilaria Debertolis since 2009.
Nöckler is an athlete of the G.S. Fiamme Oro.

## Cross-country skiing results

All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).

### Olympic Games

| Year | Age | 15 km  individual | 30 km  skiathlon | 50 km  mass start | Sprint | 4 × 10 km  relay | Team  sprint |
| 2014 | 25 | 32 | — | — | 37 | 5 | 11 |
| 2018 | 29 | DNF | 37 | 21 | — | — | 5 |

### World Championships

* 2 medals – (1 silver, 1 bronze)
| Year | Age | 15 km  individual | 30 km  skiathlon | 50 km  mass start | Sprint | 4 × 10 km  relay | Team  sprint |
| 2013 | 24 | — | 28 | 18 | 35 | 4 | — |
| 2015 | 26 | — | — | 12 | — | 6 | Bronze |
| 2017 | 28 | 24 | — | — | — | 8 | Silver |
| 2023 | 34 | — | — | 20 | — | 9 | — |

### World Cup
#### Season standings

| Season | Age | Discipline standings | Discipline standings | Discipline standings | Ski Tour standings | Ski Tour standings | Ski Tour standings | Ski Tour standings | Ski Tour standings |
| Season | Age | Overall | Distance | Sprint | Nordic Opening | Tour de Ski | Ski Tour 2020 | World Cup Final | Ski Tour Canada |
| 2009 | 20 | NC | NC | NC | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2010 | 21 | NC | NC | NC | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2011 | 22 | NC | NC | NC | 56 | — | — | — | — |
| 2012 | 23 | 103 | 92 | 64 | 33 | 48 | — | — | — |
| 2013 | 24 | 40 | 32 | 61 | 43 | 31 | — | 13 | — |
| 2014 | 25 | 103 | 71 | 79 | DNF | DNF | — | — | — |
| 2015 | 26 | 34 | 32 | NC | 44 | 21 | — | — | — |
| 2016 | 27 | 70 | 50 | NC | 28 | DNF | — | — | 23 |
| 2017 | 28 | 60 | 47 | NC | 37 | DNF | — | 13 | — |
| 2018 | 29 | 91 | 58 | NC | 53 | DNF | — | 46 | — |
| 2019 | 30 | 110 | 75 | NC | 64 | DNF | — | — | — |
| 2020 | 31 | NC | NC | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2021 | 32 | 146 | 94 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2022 | 33 | 110 | 63 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2023 | 34 | 134 | 79 | NC | — | 27 | — | — | — |

#### Team podiums

* 3 victories – (1 RL, 2 TS)
* 7 podiums – (3 RL, 4 TS)
| No. | Season | Date | Location | Race | Level | Place | Teammate(s) |
| 1 | 2014–15 | 18 January 2015 | Otepää, Estonia | 6 × 1.5 km Team Sprint F | World Cup | 3rd | Pellegrino |
| 2 | 2015–16 | 16 January 2016 | Planica, Slovenia | 6 × .1.2 km Team Sprint F | World Cup | 1st | Pellegrino |
| 3 | 2015–16 | 24 January 2016 | Nové Město, Czech Republic | 4 × 7.5 km Relay C/F | World Cup | 3rd | De Fabiani / Clara / Pellegrino |
| 4 | 2016–17 | 15 January 2017 | Toblach, Italy | 6 × 1.3 km Team Sprint F | World Cup | 3rd | Pellegrino |
| 5 | 2017–18 | 14 January 2018 | Dresden, Germany | 6 × 1.3 km Team Sprint F | World Cup | 1st | Pellegrino |
| 6 | 2022–23 | 5 February 2023 | Toblach, Italy | 4 × 7.5 km Relay C/F | World Cup | 1st | De Fabiani / Daprà / Pellegrino |
| 7 | 2023–24 | 21 January 2024 | Oberhof, Germany | 4 × 7.5 km Relay C/F | World Cup | 2nd | Barp / Daprà / Pellegrino |
# Family Life (novel)

Family Life is a 2014 autobiographical novel by Akhil Sharma. Set in 1978, it tells the coming-of-age story of an eight-year old Indian boy named Ajay Mishra living with his recently immigrated family in New York City. The story develops around his older brother Birju, who suffers a life-changing accident, and how the family copes with the incident.
This was Sharma's second published novel. It won the 2015 Folio Prize and the 2016 International Dublin Literary Award.

## Reception

According to Book Marks, the book received a "rave" consensus, based on seven critic reviews: four "rave" and three "positive". Culture Critic assessed critical response as an aggregated score of 82% based on an accumulation of British and American press reviews. On The Omnivore, an aggregator of British press, the book received an "omniscore" of 4.0 out of 5.
# Friedrich Wilhelm Eckhardt

Friedrich Wilhelm Eckhardt (25 February 1892 – 9 April 1961) was a German engineer and head of the design office for the Berliner Maschinenbau Aktien Gesellschaft vormals L. Schwartzkopff.

## Life and Career in Germany

Eckhardt was born on 25 February 1892 in Kassel, Germany and initially worked for Henschel & Sohn before switching to L. Schwartzkopff in 1916. In 1936 he became a senior railway locomotive engineer (Oberingenieur) of the German Reich Railway in Germany.
He played a decisive role in the German designs of the DRG Class 41 2-8-2’s and Class 84 2-10-2’s steam locomotives during the Nazi dictatorship. For the latter, he developed the Schwartzkopff-Eckhardt II bogie named after him, which was designed to improve the curve running of steam engines.
In addition he published several books on the construction and design of steam locomotives. He died on 9 April 1961 in Niederlehme in East Germany.

## Works

* Die Konstruktion der Dampflokomotive and ihre Berechnung, Verlag Technik 1952, Reprint: Transpress, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-613-71348-2
* Lokomotivkunde. H. 5. Das Fahrgestell der Dampflokomotiven, Fachbuchverlag Leipzig, 1957
* Einführung in die Theorie der Dampflokomotive für Praktiker zum Selbstunterricht, Fachbuchverlag Leipzig, 1952
* Das Entwerfen von Dampflokomotiven, Siemens, 1948
* Das Fahrgestell der Dampflokomotiven, Transpress, Berlin 1960
# Elizabeth de Burgh, 4th Countess of Ulster

Elizabeth de Burgh, Duchess of Clarence, suo jure 4th Countess of Ulster and 5th Baroness of Connaught (English: /dəˈbɜːr/ də-BUR; 6 July 1332 – 10 December 1363) was a Norman-Irish noblewoman who married Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence.

## Family

Elizabeth was born at Carrickfergus Castle near Belfast, Ireland, the only child of William Donn de Burgh, 3rd Earl of Ulster, and Maud of Lancaster, Countess of Ulster. She was the last of the senior legitimate line of the descendants of William de Burgh. Her paternal grandparents were John de Burgh and Elizabeth de Clare, and her maternal grandparents were Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster and Maud Chaworth. Her younger half-sister was Maud de Ufford, through her mother's second marriage to Sir Ralph de Ufford, Justiciar of Ireland.

## Marriage

Upon William's murder on 6 June 1333, she became the sole legal heir to all the de Burgh lands in Ireland. Actually, her kinsmen Sir Edmond de Burgh of Clanwilliam, Sir Edmond Albanach Bourke the Mac William Iochtar, Sir Ulick Burke the Mac William Uachtar became the de facto heads of the family and owners of de Burgh land during the Burke Civil War. This is because she was merely 11 months old at the time.
As Countess of Ulster, she was raised in England and married Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence, on 15 August 1352 at the Tower of London. He was the second son of Edward III of England and his queen consort, Philippa of Hainault. As a boy, the poet Geoffrey Chaucer served as page to Elizabeth.
The couple had one child, Philippa, born on 16 August 1355, the eldest grandchild of Edward III and Queen Philippa. Elizabeth's daughter Philippa succeeded as Countess of Ulster, and married Edmund Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March, in 1368. Both their titles passed to their son Roger Mortimer, and eventually through their granddaughter Anne de Mortimer, who married into the House of York. The House of York would base its claim to the English throne on their descent from Lionel of Antwerp.
Elizabeth died in Dublin in 1363 during her husband's term as Governor of Ireland. She was buried at Bruisyard Abbey, Suffolk; as her body was being repatriated, her husband obtained royal approval for her mother's new foundation of Franciscan nuns there.

## Ancestry

Ancestors of Elizabeth de Burgh, 4th Countess of Ulster :
# Cristiano Novembre

Cristiano Novembre (born 15 June 1987) is an Italian footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Serie D club Brindisi.

## Club career
### Youth career

Born in Brindisi, Apulia, Novembre started his career for Brindisi at the age of seven. He remained at the club, with the youth system until 2003, when he transferred into the youth squad of Serie A side U.S. Lecce.
In July 2003, Novembre was signed by another team from Apulia, in the form of U.S. Lecce, where he played three seasons in the youths system. He remained with the club until 2006, when he transferred to Serie D side Fano. He never made a senior appearance for Lecce.

### Debut

Novembre officially began his senior career with non-(fully)-professional club, Serie D side Fano, where he was the starting goalkeeper for the entire 2006–07 Serie D season, making 32 appearances. Following several impressive displays, Novembre was scouted by European powerhouse Juventus FC, which won its historical Serie B champion title back to Serie A after relegation due to the 2006 Italian football scandal.

### Juventus

In July 2007, Juventus FC officially offered a contract to Novembre. Juventus youth goalkeeper, Antonio Mirante was sent out on loan during that transfer window and hence, Novembre and Jess Vanstrattan were signed to provide extra cover for first choice Gianluigi Buffon and experienced backup Emanuele Belardi. Despite taking part in several friendly matches, as well as summer tournaments, Novembre spent the entire 2007–2008 season behind Buffon, Belardi, and Vanstrattan in the pecking order, partially due to his young age and lack of experience. In June 2008, Novembre was released.

### Lega Pro

In July 2008, Novembre joined Figline as free agent, serving as a reserve to experienced goalie Stefano Pardini in his first season with the club. Novembre did make four league appearances in the first season for the Lega Pro Seconda Divisione Champions. In his second season with the club, Novembre continued to serve as a back-up to Pardini and made an additional seven appearances in the league.

### Return to Serie D

On 10 December 2010, Novembre was signed by Serie D, Girone B side Caratese, following two disappointing seasons as a reserve for Figline. In June 2011 he was released. In September, Novembre returned to his hometown club, Brindisi. He left the club in November 2011 and returned to the hometown club in December 2012.

## Personal life

Novembre holds a diploma in accountancy and has a sister Giada.
# 1997 Fed Cup Asia/Oceania Zone Group I – Pool A

Group A of the 1997 Fed Cup Asia/Oceania Zone Group I was one of two pools in the Asia/Oceania Zone Group I of the 1997 Fed Cup. Four teams competed in a round robin competition, with the top two teams and the bottom two teams proceeding to their respective sections of the play-offs: the top teams played for advancement to the World Group play-offs, while the bottom teams faced potential relegation to Group II.
| | INA | TPE | NZL | IND | RR W–L | Set W–L | Game W–L | Standings |
| Indonesia | | 2–1 | 2–1 | 3–0 | 3–0 | 14–6 | 90–71 | 1 |
| Chinese Taipei | 1–2 | | 2–1 | 3–0 | 2–1 | 14–7 | 103–70 | 2 |
| New Zealand | 1–2 | 1–2 | | 2–1 | 1–2 | 10–11 | 100–100 | 3 |
| India | 0–3 | 0–3 | 1–2 | | 0–3 | 2–16 | 31–101 | 4 |

## Indonesia vs. New Zealand

| Indonesia 2 | Renouf Centre, Wellington, New Zealand 11 March 1997 Plexipave hard (outdoors) | Renouf Centre, Wellington, New Zealand 11 March 1997 Plexipave hard (outdoors) | New Zealand 1 |
| 1 2 3 1 Wynne Prakusya Rewa Hudson 6 1 6$^9$ 7$^{11}$ 6 4   2 Yayuk Basuki Gaye McManus 6 1 6 0     3 Mimma Chernovita / Eny Sulistyowati Leanne Baker / Shelley Stephens 2 6 6$^4$ 7$^7$ ||||

## Chinese Taipei vs. India

| Chinese Taipei 3 | Renouf Centre, Wellington, New Zealand 11 March 1997 Plexipave hard (outdoors) | Renouf Centre, Wellington, New Zealand 11 March 1997 Plexipave hard (outdoors) | India 0 |
| 1 2 3 1 Julie Huang Jahnavi Parekh 6 4 6 2     2 Wang Shi-ting Arati Ponnappa 6 1 6 1     3 Hsu Hsueh-li / Wang Shi-ting Jahnavi Parekh / Arati Ponnappa 6 0 6 1 ||||

## Indonesia vs. India

| Indonesia 3 | Renouf Centre, Wellington, New Zealand 12 March 1997 Plexipave hard (outdoors) | Renouf Centre, Wellington, New Zealand 12 March 1997 Plexipave hard (outdoors) | India 0 |
| 1 2 3 1 Wynne Prakusya Jahnavi Parekh 6 1 6 3     2 Yayuk Basuki Arati Ponnappa 6 1 6 0     3 Mimma Chernovita / Eny Sulistyowati Uzman Khan / Jahnavi Parekh 6 1 6 2 ||||

## Chinese Taipei vs. New Zealand

| Chinese Taipei 2 | Renouf Centre, Wellington, New Zealand 12 March 1997 Plexipave hard (outdoors) | Renouf Centre, Wellington, New Zealand 12 March 1997 Plexipave hard (outdoors) | New Zealand 1 |
| 1 2 3 1 Weng Tzu-ting Rewa Hudson 7$^7$ 6$^4$ 1 6 6 3   2 Wang Shi-ting Gaye McManus 6 0 6 1     3 Hsu Hsueh-li / Wang Shi-ting Leanne Baker / Shelley Stephens 5 7 6 3 5 7 ||||

## Indonesia vs. Chinese Taipei

| Indonesia 2 | Renouf Centre, Wellington, New Zealand 13 March 1997 Plexipave hard (outdoors) | Renouf Centre, Wellington, New Zealand 13 March 1997 Plexipave hard (outdoors) | Chinese Taipei 1 |
| 1 2 3 1 Mimma Chernovita Wang Shi-ting 0 6 0 6     2 Wynne Prakusya Julie Huang 4 6 6 1 6 2   3 Yayuk Basuki / Wynne Prakusya Wang Shi-ting / Weng Tzu-ting 6 2 6 2 ||||

## New Zealand vs. India

| New Zealand 3 | Renouf Centre, Wellington, New Zealand 13 March 1997 Plexipave hard (outdoors) | Renouf Centre, Wellington, New Zealand 13 March 1997 Plexipave hard (outdoors) | India 0 |
| 1 2 3 1 Rewa Hudson Uzman Khan 2 6 3 6     2 Gaye McManus Arati Ponnappa 6 3 6 3     3 Leanne Baker / Shelley Stephens Jahnavi Parekh / Arati Ponnappa 6 2 6 2 ||||
# Gregg Ernst

Gregg Ernst (born September 30, 1961), is a former strongman competitor and powerlifter from Nova Scotia Canada.

## Strongman career

Ernst is best known for competing in the 1991 and 1992 World's Strongest Man competitions, finishing 6th and 7th respectively. Gregg began lifting at age 12 when his father bought him a set of weights for Christmas. By age 21, Ernst was a powerlifting world champion, winning the Atlantic Powerlifting Championships in 1982 and 1983. Gregg also won Canada's Strongest Man in 1990 & 1991, and the Nova Scotia Farmer's Walk in 1988 and 1989. Gregg once backlifted 2422 kg (app. 5,340 lbs.) of two cars on a platform to set a world record for live weight backlifting in July 1993. This record still stands today. At the 1992 World's Strongest Man contest in Iceland, Ernst set a world record in the Husafell Stone carry, carrying the 410 lb. stone 70 meters, narrowly edging Andrés Guðmundsson's near two full revolutions around the original pen. The record stood for 25 years until the emergence of Hafþór Júlíus Björnsson.
Ernst is also a blacksmith and a beef farmer, plays several instruments, and sang professionally with his four oldest sons.

## Personal records

* Squat – 750 pounds (340 kg)
* Deadlift – 800 pounds (360 kg)
* Bench Press – 510 pounds (230 kg)
# Ho-mobile

REDIRECT Ho Mobile
# Apookta Creek

Apookta Creek is a stream in the U.S. state of Mississippi. It is a tributary to the Big Black River.
Apookta is a name derived from the Choctaw language meaning "doubled". Variant names are "Apuchtah Creek" and "Opookta Creek".
# Walnut Lane Memorial Bridge

The original Walnut Lane Memorial Bridge was a prestressed concrete girder bridge in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, designed by Belgian Engineer Gustave Magnel and built by the City of Philadelphia. Completed and fully opened to traffic in 1951, this three-span bridge carried Walnut Lane over Lincoln Drive and Monoshone Creek. It was the first major prestressed concrete beam bridge designed and built in the United States when completed.
The form of the bridge was simple, and it looked similar to many highway bridges carrying traffic on US highways today. The bridge deck was supported by thirteen concrete girders, each spanning 160 feet (49 m). These girders were prestressed by post-tensioning four wire cables embedded in the concrete. Although this type of construction had been used in Europe for quite some time, the Walnut Lane Memorial Bridge was innovative in the United States and led to the successful application of this technology in this country. The material-saving bridge cost about $700,000 to construct, about 30 percent cheaper than a regular concrete arch design.
The fascia (external) beams of the main span exhibited longitudinal cracks in about 1957. The other girders exhibited no cracks. Through the years, the cracks in the fascia beams were repaired and monitored. However, in 1989, the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation made the decision to replace the bridge superstructure. Because of the historical significance of the structure, the decision was controversial. However, the replacement structure (the new Walnut Lane Memorial Bridge) comprises prestressed concrete girders and is similar in appearance to the original. The new bridge was completed in 1990.
A bronze plaque on the bridge's abutment reads:
* WALNUT LANE MEMORIAL BRIDGE
* Dedicated November 11, 1950
* Opened to Traffic February 1, 1951
* The First Prestressed Concrete
* Girder Bridge Built in the United States
* This structure is symbolic of the integrity and ability of the
* engineers and builders who during sixty six years – 1885-1951 –
* of Public Works Administrations, constructed many worthy
* projects for the City of Philadelphia. It is an outstanding
* example of the vision and courage these men showed in their
* planning and building.
* Bernard Samuel
* Mayor of Philadelphia
A second plaque reads: "Outstanding Civil Engineering Achievement / Designated May 1978"
# Big Cypress Bayou

Cypress Bayou is the name applied to a series of wetlands at the western edge of Caddo Lake, in and around Jefferson, Texas, making up part of the largest Cypress forest in the world. The bayou is divided into three areas—each part of the watershed of a small river or creek—Little Cypress, Big Cypress, and Black Cypress. The features had been modified, to an extent, by human beings in the 19th and 20th centuries, but today is endangered by pollution, development, and the deforestation, through clear cutting, of the Piney Woods that surround the bayous. Large groves of trees have completely died off, and land has been recently deforested up to the water's edge.
# Cheick Modibo Diarra

Cheick Modibo Diarra (born 1952) is a Malian astrophysicist, businessman, and politician who was acting Prime Minister of Mali from April 2012 to December 2012.
On 11 December 2012, Diarra presented his resignation on state television in a broadcast at 4 a.m. local time, hours after soldiers who led the 2012 Malian coup d'état arrested him at his home in Bamako.

## Life and career

Diarra was born in Nioro du Sahel, Mali. He is a Bambara and the son-in-law of former president Moussa Traoré. After graduating high school in Mali, Cheick Modibo Diarra studied mathematics, physics, and analytic mechanics in Paris at the University of Pierre and Marie Curie. He then received a Masters in aerospace engineering and a PhD in mechanical engineering, both from Howard University in Washington, D.C. He was recruited by Caltech's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a NASA Federally Funded Research and Development Center (FFRDC) operated under contract by the California Institute of Technology, where he played a role in several NASA programs, including the Magellan probe to Venus, the Ulysses probe to the Sun, the Galileo spacecraft to Jupiter, and the Mars Observer and Mars Pathfinder. He later became the director of education and public outreach for NASA's Mars Exploration program. Diarra also was an executive for the Microsoft Corporation. He also obtained American citizenship.
In 1999, he obtained permission from NASA to work part-time in order to devote himself to education development in Africa, founding the Pathfinder Foundation. He took a further sabbatical in 2002 to found a laboratory in Bamako, Mali for the development of solar energy. In 2000 and 2001 he also was a goodwill ambassador for UNESCO. In 2002 and 2003 he was CEO of the African Virtual University, based in Kenya.
Cheick Modibo Diarra was the chairman of Microsoft Africa from 2006 until the end of 2011. Turning to Malian politics, he founded the Rally for the Development of Mali, a political party, in March 2011, and he intended to stand as a candidate in the 2012 presidential election.

### Acting Prime Minister

Cheick Modibo Diarra was appointed interim Prime Minister of Mali on 17 April 2012 to help restore civilian rule after the March 2012 coup d'état. His government, composed of 24 members, was appointed on 25 April 2012. Three of the most important posts—the ministries for defense, internal security, and territorial administration—were assigned to officers associated with the military junta that seized power in March and retained an important role even after formally returning power to civilians. Otherwise, the government was composed of technocrats rather than political figures.
On 11 December 2012, soldiers reportedly sent by coup leader Captain Amadou Sanogo arrested Diarra as he prepared to leave the country for a medical check-up in France. Shortly after his arrest, Diarra appeared on state television and announced his resignation and that of his government.
On 1 December 2013, ALN, an alliance of independent top tier African law firms, announced the appointment of Diarra as its Chairman. Diarra succeeded John Miles, the CEO of J Miles & Co.