OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Strmilov

Strmilov (German: Tremles) is a town in Jindřichův Hradec District in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,400 inhabitants.

## Administrative division

Strmilov consists of five municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
* Strmilov (1,015)
* Česká Olešná (218)
* Leština (13)
* Malý Jeníkov (54)
* Palupín (70)

## Geography

Strmilov is located about 13 kilometres (8 mi) east of Jindřichův Hradec. It lies on the border between the Javořice Highlands, where most of the built-up area is located, and the Křemešník Highlands. The town is situated along the stream Hamerský potok. The built-up area is surrounded by fields and forests with several small fishponds.
Strmilov lies on the border of historical lands of Moravia and Bohemia; the confluence of two brooks near Strmilov is the westernmost point of Moravia.

## History

The original settlement was probably established at the beginning of 13th century. The first written mention of Strmilov is from 1255. In 1294, it was already titled as a market village. In 1385, it is referred to as a market town.
In 1945, the German population was expelled according to the Beneš decrees.

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1869 | 3,893 | — |
| 1880 | 3,631 | −6.7% |
| 1890 | 3,378 | −7.0% |
| 1900 | 3,318 | −1.8% |
| 1910 | 3,221 | −2.9% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1921 | 2,943 | −8.6% |
| 1930 | 2,724 | −7.4% |
| 1950 | 2,082 | −23.6% |
| 1961 | 2,138 | +2.7% |
| 1970 | 1,861 | −13.0% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1980 | 1,640 | −11.9% |
| 1991 | 1,471 | −10.3% |
| 2001 | 1,522 | +3.5% |
| 2011 | 1,436 | −5.7% |
| 2021 | 1,370 | −4.6% |
Source: Censuses :

## Transport

The I/23 road (the section from Jindřichův Hradec to Třebíč) passes through the town.

## Sights

The main landmark of the town is the Church of Saint Giles. It was built in the Empire style in 1843–1849.

## Twin towns – sister cities

Strmilov is twinned with:
* Trubschachen, Switzerland
# Rudman

Rudman is a surname, and may refer to:
* Brian Rudman (contemporary), New Zealand journalist
* David Rudman (born 1963), American Muppeteer
* David Rudman (wrestler) (1943–2022), Soviet wrestling champion, Sambo world champion, and judo European champion
* Laurie A. Rudman (contemporary), American professor of social psychology
* Shelley Rudman (b. 1981), British Olympic skeleton rider
* Warren Rudman (1930–2012), American politician from New Hampshire; U.S. Senator 1980–93
* William B. Rudman (b. 1940s), malacologist
* Les Rudman Major General, South Africa
# SPINA-GR

SPINA-GR is a calculated biomarker for insulin sensitivity. It represents insulin receptor gain.

## How to determine G$_R$

The index is derived from a mathematical model of insulin-glucose homeostasis. For diagnostic purposes, it is calculated from fasting insulin and glucose concentrations with:
${\widehat {G}}_{R}={\frac {{G}_{1}P(\infty )({D}_{R}+\left[I\right](\infty ))}{{G}_{E}\left[I\right](\infty )[G](\infty )}}-{\frac {{D}_{R}}{{G}_{E}[I](\infty )}}-{\frac {1}{{G}_{E}}}$.
[I](∞): Fasting Insulin plasma concentration (μU/mL) [G](∞): Fasting blood glucose concentration (mg/dL) G$_1$: Parameter for pharmacokinetics (154.93 s/L) D$_R$: EC$_{50}$ of insulin at its receptor (1,6 nmol/L) G$_E$: Effector gain (50 s/mol) P(∞): Constitutive endogenous glucose production (150 μmol/s)

## Clinical significance
### Validity

Compared to healthy volunteers, SPINA-GR is significantly reduced in persons with prediabetes and diabetes mellitus, and it correlates with the M value in glucose clamp studies, triceps skinfold, subscapular skinfold and (better than HOMA-IR and QUICKI) with the two-hour value in oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT), glucose rise in OGTT, waist-to-hip ratio, body fat content (measured via DXA) and the HbA1c fraction.

### Clinical utility

Both in the FAST study, an observational case-control sequencing study including 300 persons from Germany, and in a large sample from the NHANES study, SPINA-GR differed more clearly between subjects with and without diabetes than the corresponding HOMA-IR, HOMA-IS and QUICKI indices.

## Scientific implications and other uses

Together with the secretory capacity of pancreatic beta cells (SPINA-GBeta), SPINA-GR provides the foundation for the definition of a fasting based disposition index of insulin-glucose homeostasis (SPINA-DI).
In combination with SPINA-GBeta and whole-exome sequencing, calculating SPINA-GR helped to identify a new form of monogenetic diabetes (MODY) that is characterised by primary insulin resistance and results from a missense variant of the type 2 ryanodine receptor (RyR2) gene (p.N2291D).

## Pathophysiological implications

In lean subjects it is significantly higher than in a population with obese persons. In several populations, SPINA-GR correlated with the area under the glucose curve and 2-hour concentrations of glucose, insulin and proinsulin in oral glucose tolerance testing, concentrations of free fatty acids, ghrelin and adiponectin, and the HbA1c fraction.

## Predictive aspects

In a longitudinal evaluation of the NHANES study, a large sample of the general US population, over 10 years, reduced SPINA-DI, calculated as the product of SPINA-GBeta times SPINA-GR, significantly predicted all-cause mortality.
# Les Becquets, Quebec

Les Becquets is an unincorporated community in Saint-Pierre-les-Becquets, Quebec, Canada. It is recognized as a designated place by Statistics Canada.

## Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Les Becquets had a population of 451 living in 213 of its 231 total private dwellings, a change of -1.3% from its 2016 population of 457. With a land area of 3.03 km$^2$ (1.17 sq mi), it had a population density of 148.8/km$^2$ (385.5/sq mi) in 2021.
# Christchurch Convention Centre

The Christchurch Convention Centre was New Zealand's only purpose-built convention centre, in Christchurch, the South Island's largest city. It was opened by the mayor of Christchurch, Vicki Buck, in November 1997, and was demolished in early 2012 following the 2011 Christchurch earthquake.

## Description

The Christchurch Convention Centre was located in Kilmore Street in the city centre.
The design was an extruded concrete box with a glass façade facing the Christchurch Town Hall across Kilmore Street, over which a glazed airbridge linked these two and the Crowne Plaza Hotel, adjacent to the Town Hall.
The Christchurch Convention Centre had a capacity of 2,500 people. There were seven breakout rooms, and three halls that could be hired separately or together, to host major plenary sessions for 2,200 people theatre-style.
Two major artworks were featured in the building: "Blue" a neon sculpture by Bill Cuthbert, was on the façade, and the 84 m mural "Passport to the New Millennium", by Philip Trusttum was in the circulation space that ran the full length of the building.
The Christchurch Convention Centre hosted many international conferences including APEC Small and Medium Enterprise Economics Conference, Shiseido Japan, New Zealand Law Society, Law ASIA, and the 11th Asian Retailers Conference and Exhibition, as well as many charity gala dinners.

## Christchurch earthquake

In August 2011, the Christchurch Convention Centre and several other public buildings were "recommended for demolition" because of extensive damage suffered in the February 2011 Christchurch earthquake and an aftershock on 13 June. The Convention Centre was demolished in March / April 2012 (see photo).
# International Boundary Wastewater Treatment Plant

The International Wastewater Treatment Plant (IWTP) is a sewage treatment plant developed by the International Boundary and Water Commission (IBWC) in the South Bay area of San Diego, California. Construction began on a 75-acre site (30 ha), west of San Ysidro in the Tijuana River Valley. The project, authorized by the U.S. Congress in 1989 and formally agreed between the two countries in July 1990, was part of a regional approach to solve long-standing problems, particularly the flow of sewage-contaminated water into the ocean via the Tijuana River.
Completed in spring 1997, the official ribbon-cutting ceremony took place on April 18 and the plant came on-line in May.
The International Wastewater Treatment Plant was created in an effort to mitigate pollution caused by untreated sewage coming from the city of Tijuana. The U.S. paid for the majority of the treatment plant, citing the sewage runoff as an international issue. It required the cooperation of multiple governmental bodies. Even though most of the plant's raw sewage comes from Tijuana, it is owned by the U.S. portion of the International Boundary and Water Commission, an agreement between Mexico and the US that helps delineate border lines and allocate water flow from the rivers and other bodies of water that intermingle between the U.S. and Mexico.
Due to the rapid growth Tijuana has experienced, failures of the sewer infrastructure are frequent. Mexico did not have the money to fund the entirety of a large treatment plant. The United States Environmental Protection Agency has assisted with funding the project under the rationale that the sewage flow from Tijuana often causes the closure of U.S. beaches due to bacterial contamination of the water. The project cost the U.S. a total of $239 million initially, and the addition of secondary treatment technology that helped meet regulations so the water could flow to the U.S. side of the border cost an additional $18 million. The treatment plant supports a daily flow of 25 million gallons of raw sewage per day. Ultimately, this agreement made strides to increase the availability of clean drinking water in Tijuana and helped to ensure that pollution and degradation to the surrounding environment was minimized.
# Erik Seletto

Erik Seletto (born 21 September 1975) is an Italian former alpine skier who competed in the 1998 Winter Olympics.

## National titles

Seletto has won two national titles.
* Italian Alpine Ski Championships
** Downhill: 1997
** Super-G: 2003
# Viktor Ignatov

Viktor Alexandrovich Ignatov (Russian: Виктор Александрович Игнатов; born 15 October 1968, Novosibirsk) is a Russian political figure and a deputy of 7th and 8th State Dumas.
After graduating from the university in 1993, Ignatov started working as an assistant to the deputy of the State Duma Ivan Starikov. On 21 December 1997 Ignatov was elected deputy of the Novosibirsk Regional Council of Deputies of the 2nd convocation. In 2000 he was appointed the Advisor to the Governor of Novosibirsk Oblast. From 2001 to 2004, he was a member of the Federation Council from the Novosibirsk Oblast constituency. On 11 December 2005 he was elected deputy of the Novosibirsk Regional Council of Deputies of the 4th convocation. In May 2014, he became the first deputy to the Mayor of Novosibirsk.
In September 2016, Ignatov was elected deputy of the 7th State Duma from the Novosibirsk Oblast constituency. Since September 2021, he has served as a deputy of the 8th State Duma.

## Sanctions

Ignatov was sanctioned by the UK government in 2022 in relation to the Russo-Ukrainian War.
# Bob Boucher (cyclist)

Robert Boucher (born 12 June 1943) is a Canadian former cyclist and speed skater.
In December 1962, he went to Europe as part of the national team composing of eight Canadian speed skaters, for a six-week training project in Sweden. At that time he lived in Winnipeg. He competed in the cycling sprint event at the 1968 Summer Olympics and the 500m speed skating event at the 1968 Winter Olympics.
Boucher was inducted into the Manitoba Sports Hall of Fame in 1994 for speed skating.
# Terhune Run

Terhune Run is a tributary of Lawrence Brook in eastern South Brunswick, New Jersey in the United States.

## Course

Terhune Run starts at 40°24′1″N 74°32′29″W﻿ / ﻿40.40028°N 74.54139°W﻿ / 40.40028; -74.54139, near the intersection of Route 1 and Major Road. It flows south, crossing Major Road, until it drains into Lawrence Brook at 40°23′22″N 74°31′51″W﻿ / ﻿40.38944°N 74.53083°W﻿ / 40.38944; -74.53083, in Reichler Park.

## Accessibility

Terhune Run is short, crossing one road, making it hard to access.

## Sister tributaries

* Beaverdam Brook
* Great Ditch
* Ireland Brook
* Oakeys Brook
* Sawmill Brook
* Sucker Brook
* Unnamed Brook in Rutgers Gardens, unofficially named Doc Brook
* Unnamed Brook in Rutgers' Helyar Woods
# Lac-Carré, Quebec

Lac-Carré is an unincorporated community in Mont-Blanc, Quebec, Canada. It is recognized as a designated place by Statistics Canada.

## Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Lac-Carré had a population of 1,031 living in 498 of its 583 total private dwellings, a change of 5.6% from its 2016 population of 976. With a land area of 1.79 km$^2$ (0.69 sq mi), it had a population density of 576.0/km$^2$ (1,491.8/sq mi) in 2021.
# Bass River (Michigan)

The Bass River is a 3.6-mile-long (5.8 km) stream in Ottawa County, Michigan. It flows into the Grand River and thence into Lake Michigan. At the Bass River's Grand River mouth is the Bass River State Recreation Area.
# YMCA (Salem, Massachusetts)

The Salem YMCA is a historic YMCA building at 284-296 Essex Street in the Downtown Salem District in Salem, Massachusetts. Its large building is an anchor of the western end of Salem's business district, of which Essex Street is a major component, and is one of the finest Classical Revival buildings in Salem. The Salem YMCA was first organized in 1858, and it commissioned the construction of this building in 1898. The three-story brick-and-limestone building was designed by Walter J. Paine, and has retained most of its exterior styling. The ground floor was designed to house primarily retail establishments, with the YMCA entrance highlighted by an ornate entablature supported by twin columns on either side. Entrances to the retail establishments are also indicated by building bays that project out less prominently than the main entrance. The ground floor is built in limestone, while the upper floors are predominantly brick. The building originally had a loggia on top of the roof, but that was removed in the 1950s.
Faced with declining enrollments through the 1970s, the YMCA sold part of the second and third floors to the Salem Housing Authority, which converted that area to senior housing. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.
# Shawnee Park

Shawnee Park is a municipal park in Louisville, Kentucky. It was designed by Frederick Law Olmsted, who designed 18 of the city's 123 public parks. Along with the rest of the city's Olmsted-designed park system, Shawnee Park was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

## History

Shawnee Park was proposed in 1890 to be one of the three flagship parks (in addition to Cherokee Park and Iroquois Park) in Louisville's new park system. All three were located on the geographic edges of the city, in Shawnee's case it was the western edge bordering the Ohio River. The land at the time was still mostly used for truck farms, but it was clear residential development was imminent even without the park. Shawnee was the slowest of the parks to develop, as much of the land was already owned by investors who figured they could increase the sale price by holding out.
The city had to condemn the properties to acquire the land for park, and won its case in 1895. In 1896, the city began to create access to the park, another area in which Shawnee was lagging behind the other two parks. River Park Drive was paved in 1899, but the Broadway entrance remained unfinished until 1914.
The Olmsted firm initially advised the city not to build a golf course at Shawnee Park due to the "grave danger to visitors in the park and especially the children" but demand was such that the course was built anyway in 1927.
All three parks had the intended effect of spurring residential development near them. The interest was so great that developers found themselves advertising the parks rather than their own developments, as the highest prices would exist for the park perceived to be best. Dozens of subdivisions were built near Shawnee Park, and the neighborhood itself came to be called Shawnee.
Shawnee Park was legally restricted to whites from 1924 to 1954, although park officials and police had a de facto policy of denying blacks access to the park for some years prior to that. The only sizable park blacks were allowed access to was nearby Chickasaw Park, which many people entered by traveling through Shawnee.

## Features
### Great Lawn

Although now overshadowed by the Louisville Waterfront Park, Shawnee boasts an expansive Great Lawn which is very useful for formal gatherings. The Great Lawn, the principal feature of the park, is enclosed by plantings and a circular drive that is lined with trees.

### Riverwalk Trail

Louisville's Riverwalk Trail, which passes through Shawnee Park, extends across Louisville's waterfront, which is an extensive, mostly flat pedestrian pathway. The one-way distance between the Belvedere and Shawnee Park is 6.2 miles (10.0 km).
# Union Pacific Intermodal Bridge

The Union Pacific Intermodal Bridge is a rail crossing of the Kansas River in Kansas City, Missouri. It was built in 1911, as a four span thru-truss on the UPRR railroad. It has a screw jack lift system to allow it to be raised to avoid flood waters. It gets its "Intermodal" part of its name because it connects to the Union Pacific Intermodal yard about 500 feet to the west.
It is the sister bridge to the Missouri Pacific Bridge
Crossings of the Kansas River :
Upstream Rock Island Bridge (Kansas City) Rock Island Railroad
Union Pacific Intermodal Bridge Union Pacific Railroad
Downstream Missouri Pacific Bridge Union Pacific Railroad :
# Quintus Caecilius Redditus

Quintus Caecilius Redditus was a Roman eques who held a number of appointments during the reigns of the Emperors Trajan and Hadrian. He is known in a series of inscriptions.
The earliest known appointment Redditus is known to have held was as commander of Cohors I Montanorum in 102, then stationed in Pannonia. By 12 January 105, he had received another commission, this time as military tribune of the Cohors I Britannica milliaria civium Romanorum, which was stationed in Moesia Superior. We can surmise he was commissioned praefectus of an ala, for an inscription from Troesmis in Moesia Inferior congratulates Redditus on having completed his tres militiae and having been appointed procurator.
A pair of inscriptions attest that Redditus was procurator or governor of Mauretania Tingitana from 120 or before to at least 122. Hadrian or his representative must have found Redittus' service in this appointment acceptable, for an inscription found in Celeia, attests that he was then Procurator Augusti of Noricum.
We lack evidence for the life of Caecilius Redditus after he completed his term in Noricum.
# Domestic Terrorism Prevention Act

The Domestic Terrorism Prevention Act was a proposed law that would have created domestic terrorism offices within the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), the Department of Justice (DOJ), and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).

## Legislative history

On May 18, 2022, the Act passed the House in a 222–203 vote, with only one Republican, Adam Kinzinger (IL), voting in favor of the Act. A previous version of the Act had passed unanimously in the House in 2020. The 2022 version of the Act was proposed in response to the Buffalo Tops shooting that was motivated by racism. On May 26, Senate Republicans blocked the bill in a 47–47 vote, arguing that the bill created redundant offices and portrayed law enforcement as white supremacists.

## Reception

Republicans have opposed the 2022 version of the Act, comparing it to the recently paused Disinformation Governance Board (DGB) and saying that the Act could be used to censor conservatives with anti-government, anti-immigration, and anti-illegal immigration views. Republicans also argued that the measure duplicated already existing efforts by American law enforcement while also risking targeting individuals unfairly as political extremists. Democrats noted the tough polarization in Congress while arguing that the Republicans failed to compromise on pragmatic changes to fight gun deaths.
# Cupsuptic River

The Cupsuptic River is a 23.7-mile-long (38.1 km) river in Maine. It flows from its source (45°14′10″N 70°53′52″W﻿ / ﻿45.2362°N 70.8978°W﻿ / 45.2362; -70.8978﻿ (Cupsuptic River source)) near the Canada–United States border to Cupsuptic Lake, the northern arm of Mooselookmeguntic Lake, which drains via other lakes into the Androscoggin River. Although short, the Cupsuptic River includes three of the highest mountains of New England — Kennebago Divide, Snow Mountain, and White Cap Mountain — within its watershed. The name "Cupsuptic" derives from the Abenaki language, meaning "a closed-up stream."
# Sony Television

Sony Television, Sony TV, or Sony HD may refer to any of the following television-related products from Japanese conglomerate Sony:
* Television sets designed and manufactured by Sony Corporation in Japan
** Trinitron, television hardware brand (1968–2008)
** Bravia (brand), television hardware brand (2005–present)
** Sony WEGA, television hardware brand (1975–2005)
** Sony Watchman, pocket television line (1982–2000)
* Television offerings from Sony Pictures in the United States
** Sony Pictures Television, American television studio
*** Sony Pictures Television Networks, operator of Sony-branded television channels
**** Sony Channel, a brand of general entertainment television channels
**** Canal Sony, Latin American television channel
**** Sony Pictures Networks India, Indian television broadcaster
***** Sony Entertainment Television, Indian television channel
# Stephen McClashie

Stephen McClashie is a Trinidad and Tobago politician from the People's National Movement. He is Labour Minister and member of parliament for La Brea.
In December 2024, he was deselected for the 2025 Trinidad and Tobago general election.
# Thames River (Connecticut)

The Thames River (/θeɪmz/ THAYMZ) is a short river and tidal estuary in the state of Connecticut. It flows south for 15 miles (24 km) through eastern Connecticut from the junction of the Yantic River and Shetucket River at Norwich, Connecticut, to New London and Groton, Connecticut, which flank its mouth at Long Island Sound. The Thames River watershed includes a number of smaller basins and the 80-mile (130 km) long Quinebaug River, which rises in southern Massachusetts and joins the Shetucket River about four miles northeast of Norwich.

## History

The river has provided important harbors since the mid-17th century. It was originally known as the Pequot River after the Pequot Indians who dominated the area. Other early names for the river have included Frisius, Great, Great River of Pequot, Little Fresh, New London, and Pequod. The town was officially named New London in 1658 and the estuary river was renamed Thames after the River Thames in London, England.
The United States Coast Guard Academy, Connecticut College, a U.S. Navy submarine base, and the Electric Boat submarine shipyard are located on the river at New London and Groton. USS Nautilus was launched into the river on January 21, 1954 from Electric Boat, becoming the world's first nuclear-powered submarine.
In addition to the submarine bases, a US Navy Magnetic Silencing Facility is also installed within the mouth of the river.
Two historic forts overlook the mouth of the river at New London harbor, now Connecticut State Parks: Fort Griswold on the eastern Groton Heights, and Fort Trumbull on the New London side.

### Events

The Harvard-Yale Regatta is held annually in New London. New London's Sailfest is an annual event which includes OpSail, a gathering of large sailing vessels including the Coast Guard training ship USCGC Eagle.

## Crossings

| Town | Name | Carrying |
| Montville/ Preston | Mohegan-Pequot Bridge | Route 2A |
| New London/ Groton | Gold Star Memorial Bridge | I-95 and US 1 |
| New London/ Groton | Thames River Bridge | Amtrak |