OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# El Peruano

Diario Oficial El Peruano (The Peruvian Official Newspaper) is the official daily newspaper of Peru. The paper was founded on 22 October 1825 by Simón Bolívar although it changed names between the following decades and it was not published continuously since its inception. It is the oldest Spanish-language newspaper still in circulation. In addition to carrying news, all laws passed in Peru must be published by El Peruano.
It is currently edited by Delfina Becerra González. It is published by the Peruvian Company of Editorial Services SA - Editora Peru (Empresa Peruana de Servicios Editoriales SA - EDITORA PERÚ), a state enterprise under private law. The company was created as part of the national information system (Sistema Nacional de Información) established by Decreto Ley No. 20550 of 5 March 1974. This law included the various collective state media under a unified management, the majority of which returned to private ownership following the departure of the military regime from power.

## History
### Early decades (1825-1854)

El Peruano was first published in Lima on 22 October 1825 under the name El Peruano Independiente, an "official" newspaper established by Simón Bolívar, who ordered Tomás de Heres to create a publication supporting his presence in Peru. In May 2045, the Ministry of Government declared the publication official and ordered that notices and documents relating to the civil service be inserted in it. Its name was changed to simply El Peruano on 13 May of that year. The cleric Lucas Pellicer was the first editor after the officialization of the publication.
The Gazette began publishing laws on 15 November 1826 because the newspaper El Registro Oficial, which was published for that purpose, was published irregularly. Over time El Registro Oficial lost its importance compared to El Peruano.
El Peruano underwent a series of name changes. It was called La Prensa Peruana under the leadership of José Joaquín de Larriva (1828-1829), El Conciliador under the leadership of Felipe Pardo y Aliaga (1830-1834). It was also called El Redactor Peruano (1834-1836 and 1838), La Gaceta de Gobierno (1835), El Eco del Protectorado (1836-1839), and in Lima El Eco del Norte (1837-1838).
# Château de Hautefort

The Château de Hautefort is a French château and gardens located in the town of Hautefort in the Dordogne. The castle was originally a medieval fortress that was reconstructed in the 17th century, and embellished with a jardin à la française. In 1853 the landscape architect the Count of Choulot [fr] redesigned the gardens, adding a landscape garden, geometric flower gardens, topiary gardens imitating the domes of the château, and a long tunnel of greenery. Next to the formal gardens is a hill with an Italian garden with winding shaded paths. Notable trees in the park include a Magnolia grandiflora and a Cedar of Lebanon. The gardens are listed by the Committee of Parks and Gardens of the Ministry of Culture of France as one of the Notable Gardens of France.

## In popular culture

The Château de Hautefort features in two films:
* Eye of the Devil, a 1966 British mystery/horror film with supernatural and occult themes, where the château (named Château Bellenac in the film) features extensively. Directed by J. Lee Thompson, the film stars Deborah Kerr, David Niven, Flora Robson, Donald Pleasence, David Hemmings, Kim Novak, and a young Sharon Tate.
* Ever After, a 1998 romantic drama inspired by "Cinderella", with the château portraying the character Prince Henry's castle; many scenes were shot in and around the Dordogne. The film stars Drew Barrymore, Anjelica Huston, Dougray Scott and Jeanne Moreau.
# Vytautas Kulakauskas

Vytautas Kulakauskas (August 25, 1920, in Kuršėnai – December 22, 2000, in Vilnius) was a Lithuanian basketball player, coach, and educator, who competed for the Soviet Union in the EuroBasket 1947 and won a gold medal.

## Biography

In 1940, Kulakauskas graduated Kaunas Military School. In 1944–1945 he studied at Vytautas Magnus University's Faculty of Medicine. In 1948 he graduated Lithuanian Sports University.
In 1945–1950 he taught at Lithuanian Sports University. In 1950–1960 at Lithuanian University of Educational Sciences, he was Head of the Department of Physical Education, in 1957–1960 even was the Dean of the Faculty of Music. In 1961–1980 became Vilnius Gediminas Technical University teacher, from 1964 Head of the Department of Physical Education. In 1968 he became associate professor.
He also published the book Krepšininko treniruote (English: The basketball player workout), where he included many epitomes regarding the training.

## Personal life

He had a wife, Elena Kulakauskienė.

## Soviet Union national team

In a 1990s interview, Kulakauskas described the Soviet squad by telling: "It could be said that there were the physical preparations and shootings, however all the tactics and the game-play was given to them by us. I remember by preparing for the Olympics in February, in Moscow, we were working on tactics for a month. On tactics exercises without any game-play. Not a single minute. We were working the whole month on techniques and tactics improvement. We gave the whole American school to them, which we received from the Lithuanian Americans".
# Crooked Creek (Allegheny River tributary)

Crooked Creek is a tributary of the Allegheny River in both Armstrong and Indiana counties in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania.
Several covered bridges span the stream and its tributaries in Indiana County. The Thomas Covered Bridge crosses Crooked Creek in Armstrong Township. The Harmon's Covered Bridge crosses the South Branch Plum Creek and the Trusal Covered Bridge crosses Plum Creek, tributaries of Crooked Creek, in Washington Township.

## Course

Crooked Creek joins the Allegheny River in both Bethel and Manor townships.

### Tributaries

(Mouth at the Allegheny River)
* Campbell Run
* Elbow Run
* Horney Camp Run
* Coal Bank Run
* Beers Run
* Pine Run
* Cherry Run
** North Branch Cherry Run
* Fagley Run
** Long Run
* Sugar Run
* Lindsay Run
* Craig Run
* Gobblers Run
* Plum Creek
** Dutch Run
** Cessna Run
** South Branch
*** Mudlick Run
*** Sugarcamp Run
*** Reddings Run
*** Leisure Run
*** Goose Run
** North Branch
* Walker Run
* Anthony Run
* Curry Run
** Cheese Run
* Mitchell Run
* Dark Hollow Run
* Fulton Run
* McKee Run
* Twomile Run
* Pine Run
* Brush Run
* Rayne Run

### Political subdivisions

Crooked Creek traverses the following political subdivisions, named in order they are first encountered traveling downstream:
* Rayne Township, Indiana County
* Washington Township, Indiana County
* Creekside
* White Township, Indiana County
* Armstrong Township, Indiana County
* Plumcreek Township, Armstrong County
* South Bend Township, Armstrong County
* Burrell Township, Armstrong County
* Bethel Township, Armstrong County
* Kittanning Township, Armstrong County
* Manor Township, Armstrong County
# Suru, Sistan and Baluchestan

Suru (Persian: سورو) is a village in Zarabad-e Gharbi Rural District of Karvan District, Zarabad County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran, serving as capital of the district.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 982 in 270 households, when it was in Zarabad District of Konarak County. The following census in 2011 counted 1,168 people in 312 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 1,372 people in 381 households. It was the most populous village in its rural district.
After the census, the district was separated from the county in the establishment of Zarabad County and renamed the Central District. The rural district was transferred to the new Karvan District.
# Rookwood Apartments

Rookwood Apartments is a historic apartment building at 718–734 Noyes Street in Evanston, Illinois. The three-story brick building was built in 1927. Architects Conner & O'Connor designed the building in the Tudor Revival style. The building's design includes limestone trim, large square blocks of stone separating the casement windows, and ashlar stone entrances and courtyard walls. The building is noteworthy among Evanston's apartments for its two courtyards; one is open and faces the street, while the second is more private and to the side of the building.
The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 15, 1984.
# Nu Octantis

ν Octantis, Latinised as Nu Octantis, is a star in the constellation of Octans. Unusually for having such a late greek letter in its name, it is the brightest star in this faint constellation at apparent magnitude +3.7. It is a spectroscopic binary star with a period around 2.9 years. Parallax measurements place it at 22.1 parsecs (72 ly) from Earth.
The primary has a spectral type of K1III, with the luminosity class III indicating that it is a giant star that has burned up the hydrogen at its core and has expanded. Nu Octantis A has 1.6 times the mass of the Sun, but has expanded to 5.8 times the radius of the Sun. Its photosphere has cooler to an effective temperature of 4,860 K and now is radiating 18 times as much luminosity as the Sun. It possibly hosts an extrasolar planet, a jovian planet on a retograde orbit.
The secondary star is likely either a red dwarf or a white dwarf, from its relatively low mass. This star is estimated to have around 60% the mass of the Sun. It shares a center of mass with the primary, completing an orbit around it every 2 years and 11 months. The orbit has an eccentricity of 0.24 and a semi-major axis of 2.63 au.

## Planetary system

In 2009, the system was hypothesised to contain a superjovian exoplanet based on perturbations in the orbital period. A prograde solution was quickly ruled out but a retrograde solution remains a possibility, although the variations may instead be due to the secondary star being itself a close binary, since the formation of a planet in such a system would be difficult due to dynamic perturbations. Further evidence ruling out a stellar variability and favouring the existence of the planet was gathered by 2021.
The Nu Octantis A planetary system :
| Companion (in order from star) | Mass | Semimajor axis (AU) | Orbital period (days) | Eccentricity | Inclination | Radius |
| b | 2.1059 M$_J$ | 1.276 | 414.8 | 0.086 | 112.5° | — |
# Local ethnic nationalism

Local ethnic nationalism, simply local nationalism or local ethnic chauvinism refers to the tendency of minority nationalities to secede from China.
In mainland China, "local ethnic nationalism/chauvinism" contrasts with "Han nationalism" (or "Han chauvinism"), but both are perceived as divisive ideas.

## History

From the 1930s to 1945, the Japanese imperialists proclaimed the idea of "national liberation" (民族解放, minzu jiefang) and "national self-determination" (民族自決, minzu zijue) to encourage the separation of Northeast China and North China from the rest of the country.
During the Taiwan under Japanese rule, Xie Xuehong supported "Taiwan independence" (rather than pan-Chinese nationalism) by organizing the Taiwanese Communist Party in Shanghai. In the 1950s, Taiwan Democratic Self-Government League leader Xie supported Taiwanese self-determination than radical Chinese reunification, which led to her being denounced as a "local [ethnic] nationalist" by Mao Zedong and his supporters during the Anti-Rightist Campaign.
On September 1, 1979, Deng Xiaoping, while listening to the report of the 14th National Conference on United Front Work, said: There are indeed many problems in the national work to which attention should be paid; the current issue is how to strengthen national unity and oppose 'great Han-ism' (大漢族主義) and 'local ethnic nationalism' (地方民族主義), and there is also 'great [ethnic] nationalism' (大民族主義) in some ethnic minorities.

## Hong Kong nationalism

Hong Kong nationalism recognizes Hongkongers as individual minzu as distinct from "Chinese nation/ethnicity". The term minzu (民族) may mean "ethnic group" depending on the context, but may also mean "nation" in a broad sense. Therefore, Hong Kong nationalists who reject the concept of "Chinese nation/ethnicity" (中華民族) and insist on "Hong Konger nation/ethnicity" (香港民族) can also be called "local [ethnic] nationalism" (地方民族主義).

## Types
### China's non-Han nationalisms

* Korean nationalism (Chaoxianzu)
* Manchurian nationalism
* Mongolian nationalism (Mongolian Chinese)
** Inner Mongolian independence movement
** Pan-Mongolism
* Tibetan nationalism
** Tibetan independence movement
* Vietnamese nationalism (Hoa people)
* Uyghur nationalism

### Other

* Bashu nationalism
* Cantonese nationalism
* Hong Kong nationalism
** Hong Kong Autonomy Movement
** Hong Kong independence
* Macau nationalism
** Macau independence
* Shanghai nationalism
** Shanghai National Party
* Taiwanese nationalism
** ROC independence
** Taiwan independence movement
# Thinaboomi

Thinaboomi is a Tamil daily newspaper headquartered in Madurai, Tamil Nadu. The newspaper was established in the late 1990s by S. Manimaran. It is printed and published from Chennai, Coimbatore, Madurai, Salem, Tiruchirappalli, Tirunelveli, Vellore and Pondicherry.

## History

In 2010, Thinaboomi's editor S. Manimaran and his son Ramesh Kumar were arrested by the police. The pair subsequently alleged they were harassed due to political pressure as a result of covering the Madurai granite scandal. In the following years, the Press Council of India and the newly elected Tamil Nadu government supported the editor in his case to get the case dropped.
# Crooked River (Machias River tributary)

The Crooked River is an 11.7-mile-long (18.8 km) river in Maine Township 30 MD, BPP, Maine. From its source (44°56′06″N 67°56′48″W﻿ / ﻿44.9349°N 67.9468°W﻿ / 44.9349; -67.9468﻿ (Crooked River source)), the river runs about 5 miles (8 km) southeast, then winds generally northward to its confluence with the Machias River.
# Frank A. Rose

Frank A. Rose (born 1972) served as the Principal Deputy Administrator of the National Nuclear Security Administration in the Biden administration from August 2021 to April 2024. From 2018 to 2021, he was co-director of the Center for Security, Strategy, and Technology at the Brookings Institution. Previously Rose served as the Assistant Secretary of State for Verification, Compliance, and Implementation in the Obama administration from December 2014 to January 2017.

## Biography
### Education

Rose received his bachelor's degree in history from American University in 1993. He received a master's degree in war studies from King's College London in 1999.

### Career

Rose began his career on the staff of then-Senator John Kerry and subsequently served as a national security analyst with Science Applications International Corporation. After graduate school, Rose was presidential appointee in the Defense Department during the Clinton Administration.
During the Bush Administration he served as a civil servant in the Department of Defense as a policy advisor. Once he left, Rose served as a professional staff member on the House Intelligence Committee and the House Armed Services Committee.
During the Obama Administration, Rose was appointed to be the Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Space and Defense Policy from 2009 to 2014. In 2014 Rose was confirmed as the Assistant Secretary of State for Arms Control, Verification, and Compliance. At the conclusion of the Obama administration Rose joined The Aerospace Corporation as their chief of government relations until 2018. In addition to providing commentary on nuclear and space issues, Rose has testified before Congress as an expert witness. Additionally, Rose has also served as an Adjunct Assistant Professor in the Security Studies Program at Georgetown University.
On April 22, 2021, President Biden announced his intent to nominate Rose to be the Principal Deputy Administrator for National Nuclear Security at the Department of Energy. He appeared before the Senate Committee on Armed Services on May 27, 2021, and was confirmed by voice vote of the full Senate on July 29, 2021. Rose was sworn in on August 2, 2021, by Secretary Jennifer Granholm.
In April 2024, he resigned from NNSA to pursue private consultancy. Allegations of having made a joke that some considered sexist formed part of an internal NNSA investigation that led to no charges being leveled against him.
# Fernandópolis Futebol Clube

Fernandópolis Futebol Clube, commonly referred to as Fernandópolis, is a Brazilian professional football club based in Fernandópolis, São Paulo. The club competes in the Campeonato Paulista Segunda Divisão, the fourth division in the São Paulo state football league system.

## History

The club was founded on 15 November 1961. They won the Campeonato Paulista Segunda Divisão in 1979 and in 1994.

## Honours

* Campeonato Paulista Série A4
** Winners (2): 1979, 1994

## Stadium

Fernandópolis Futebol Clube play their home games at Estádio Municipal Cláudio Rodante, nicknamed Estádio Ninho da Águia. The stadium has a maximum capacity of 7,850 people.
# Kaytee

Kaytee is a company based in Chilton, Wisconsin and United States. It is an international supplier of bird seed.

## History

Nicholas W. Knauf and Peter Juckem founded a grain elevator, on East Main Street in Chilton in 1866. At age 19, William N. Knauf became co-owner with Frank Tesch when Nicholas W. Knauf died. They took the company name from their initials, K & T. They built a gristmill and general store to sell seeds to farmers. They used the 1872 railroad to ship barley and oats to markets; which led to selling barley to Milwaukee breweries. In 1920, the company became a national supplier of peas to be used for pigeon feed. It expanded into making feed for birds and other small animals, becoming the first commercial supplier of wild bird seed in 1955.
William Engler Sr., a long-term employee and son-in-law of William N. Knauf, purchased the company in 1964 and renamed it Kaytee Products, Inc. His son, Bill Engler Jr., took over the company in 1982. Bill Engler Jr. was named the Small Business Person of the Year in 1993 by United States President Bill Clinton. As of 1993, Kaytee had 365 employees and annual sales of about $70 million. At that time, it also held about 1300 exotic bird species in an aviary in Chilton.
Engler sold the company to Central Garden & Pet in 1997. They renamed the company Central Avian & Small Animal and continued to market products under the Kaytee brand.

## Controversy

In April 2012, Kaytee recalled five lots of parrot hand-feeding formula due to excessive vitamin D.
In February 2013, Kaytee recalled a number of treat mixes due to reports from a parsley supplier of salmonella contamination. They recalled the mixes to comply with FDA regulation, but it was later found that none of the treat mixes recalled contained salmonella.
# Clemence Massif

Clemence Massif (72°11′S 68°43′E﻿ / ﻿72.183°S 68.717°E﻿ / -72.183; 68.717) is an elongated, mostly ice-free massif, 15 nautical miles (28 km) long and rising to 1,274 metres (4,180 ft), standing 30 nautical miles (56 km) southeast of Shaw Massif on the east side of Lambert Glacier. It was discovered by Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions personnel from Beaver aircraft piloted by Flying Officer D.M. Johnston, Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF), in 1957, and named by the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia for Squadron Leader P.H. Clemence, who commanded the RAAF Antarctic Flight at Mawson Station in 1957.
# MusicXML

MusicXML is an XML-based file format for representing Western musical notation. The format is open, fully documented, and can be freely used under the W3C Community Final Specification Agreement.

## History

MusicXML was invented by Michael Good and initially developed by Recordare LLC. It derived several key concepts from existing academic formats (such as Walter Hewlett's ASCII-based MuseData and David Huron's Humdrum). It is designed for the interchange of scores, particularly between different scorewriters. MusicXML development was managed by MakeMusic following the company's acquisition of Recordare in 2011. MusicXML development was transferred to the W3C Music Notation Community Group in July 2015.
Version 1.0 was released in January 2004. Version 1.1 was released in May 2005 with improved formatting support. Version 2.0 was released in June 2007 and included a standard compressed format. All of these versions were defined by a series of document type definitions (DTDs). An XML Schema Definition (XSD) implementation of Version 2.0 was released in September 2008. Version 3.0 was released in August 2011 with improved virtual instrument support, in both DTD and XSD versions. Version 3.1 was released in December 2017 with improved support for the Standard Music Font Layout (SMuFL). Version 4.0 was released in June 2021 and resolved multiple issues.
The MusicXML DTDs and XSDs are each freely redistributable under the W3C Community Final Specification Agreement.

## Support

As of September 2024, over 270 notation programs have at least some MusicXML interchange capability. These programs include:
* Most scorewriting programs, including Finale, Dorico, Sibelius, and MuseScore
* Most optical music recognition programs, including SmartScore, PhotoScore and Audiveris
* Most music sequencer programs, including Cubase, Logic Pro, Digital Performer, and SONAR
Additionally, web support is possible through the use of the HTML5 canvas element and JavaScript resulting in the rendering of legible music within a web browser.
Features include key and time signatures, clefs, beaming information, stem directions, slurs, ornaments, barlines, and written repeats.

## Example

Like all XML-based formats, MusicXML is intended to be easy for automated tools to parse and manipulate. Though it is possible to create MusicXML by hand, interactive score writing programs like Finale and MuseScore greatly simplify the reading, writing, and modifying of MusicXML files.
The following example is a score consisting of a single whole note middle C in the key of C major on the treble clef.
The textual representation listed above is verbose; MusicXML v2.0 addresses this by adding a compressed zip format with a .mxl suffix that can make files roughly one-twentieth the size of the uncompressed version.
# Arturo Squinobal

Arturo Squinobal or Arthur Squinobal (born 16 November 1944) is an Italian mountain climber, mountain guide of Monte Rosa and ski mountaineer from Gressoney-Saint-Jean. He is also director of the skiing school in his hometown.
Together with his brothers Oreste and Lorenzo, he placed first in the mountain guides team category in the 1975 Trofeo Mezzalama edition, which was carried out as the first World Championship of Skimountaineering. Together with Lorenzo and Danilo Barell he also won the 1978 Trofeo Mezzalama in the same category.
Together with his brother Oreste he made he first winter ascent of the South Face of Matterhorn (23 December 1971), the first winter ascent of the Peuterey Integral (26 December 1972, together with Yannick Seigneur, Michel Feuillarade, Marc Galy, and Louis Audoubert), and the first winter ascent of the West Face of Matterhorn (11 January 1978, together with Rolando Albertini, Marco Barmasse, Innocenzo Menabreaz, Leo Pession, Augusto Tamone).
Oreste and Arturo Squinobal's story is told in "Brothers of the Mountains".