OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Vale Bridge

The Vale Bridge near Vale, South Dakota brings a local road over the Belle Fourche River. It was built in 1906. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.
It is a Pratt through truss bridge produced by the Canton Bridge Company. Its main span is a 142 feet (43 m) steel, pin-connected truss. Together with four timber approach spans, it is 236 feet (72 m) long.
It is located one mile east and .6 miles north of Vale.
# Golovnin

Golovnin (Japanese: 泊山, Tomari-yama; Russian: вулкан Головнина) is a caldera located in the southern part of Kunashir Island, Kuril Islands, Russia/Japan. It is the southernmost volcano of the Kuril Islands.
The Russian name is given after the Russian explorer Vasily Golovnin.
An eruption was confirmed in 1848. It is not ranked as an active volcano by the Japan Meteorological Agency.Tomariyama Volcanic activity since recorded history
# World Youth Day 1989

World Youth Day 1989 (Spanish: Jornada Mundial de la Juventud 1989; Galician: Xornada Mundial da Xuventude 1989) was an event organized by the Catholic Church and took place on 15–20 August 1989 in Santiago de Compostela, Spain. It was the first European edition of this bi-tri-ennal event, excluding the two "zero editions" held in Rome in 1984 and 1985, and the first time the meeting did not take place on Palm Sunday, but in the middle of summer.

## Programming
### Logo

The logo chosen for the WYD of Santiago consists of a blue circle surrounded by the words "I am the way, the truth and the life". The circle is crossed by a yellow stripe covered with shells that ends, at the top right, with a star. The latter is a reference to the legend concerning the discovery of the tomb of St. James; the yellow trail simultaneously represents the "tail" of the shooting star, both the streets of the Camino de Santiago, while the shells are the symbol of the pilgrim.

### The anthem

The hymn composed for the Santiago WYD is titled "Somos los Jóvenes del 2000" ("We Are the Youth of 2000").

## Procedure

Many WYD participants reached the event venue by walking hundreds of kilometers along the Camino de Santiago - famous way of medieval pilgrimage to the sanctuary of Saint James.
For the first time in Santiago the catecheses were organized (which took place on August 19), on the themes "Christ is the Way", " Christ is the Truth", " Christ is the Life", inspired by the verse of the Gospel of John (John 14,6) chosen as the theme for that edition. Among those responsible for catechesis, Chiara Lubich (founder of the Focolare Movement), Carlo Maria Martini (then Archbishop of Milan), Massimo Camisasca and Antonio Lanfranchi.
The closing vigil, with the presence of Pope John Paul II, was held at the Monte do Gozo - hill located about five kilometers from the city center. In that place was later raised a monument in memory of both the papal visit and the arrival in the city of St. Francis of Assisi, which took place in the thirteenth century.
There were a public of 600,000 persons.
# World Youth Day 1991

The 1991 World Youth Day (Polish: Światowe Dni Młodzieży 1991) was held on 10–15 August 1991 in Jasna Góra in Częstochowa, Poland. The choice of another European city after Santiago de Compostela meant that, so far unique, two consecutive world days were held in the "old continent". It was celebrated in the Pope's native country. The theme can be summarized in the sentences You have received a spirit of sonship and It is for freedom that Christ has set us free. 1.6 million people gathered on the final Mass.

## Preparation

In the Message for the World Youth Day, announced on 15 August 1990 in the Vatican, John Paul II reminded the role of the Holy Spirit in Christian life. The Pope drew attention to the essence of true freedom and responsibility of Christians towards the world. He invited young people to come to the sanctuary of the Black Madonna at Jasna Góra. The choice of the Polish city of Czestochowa had a strong symbolic value: It is the site of a great sanctuary, to which even Pope John Paul II was very devoted, besides, the city was in Poland, where the Pope was born, so it was an opportunity to pay tribute to all those killed during the war and the Soviet regime.

## Theme

The theme chosen by Pope John Paul II from these days is the eighth chapter of the Epistle to the Romans, verse 15: "You have received a spirit of children."

## Hymn

The hymn of the World Day chosen for this year is called Abba Ojcze, was composed of Slawomir Scychowiak, Mario Tomassi Tamoasso and Sergio Tomassi Tamoasso; and its anthem was composed by Jan Góra and Jacek Sykulski.

## Program

The event was held as part of the Pope's apostolic visit in Poland and Hungary celebrated 13 to 20, 1991. In particular, the WYD lasted five days, the first three with catechesis, as the vigil at the Mass in the Shrine of Jasna Góra for the pilgrims.
For the first time in the history of the world, the number of participants exceeded one million: these were, in fact, according to various estimates, between 1,500,000 and 1,800,000. It beat the previous record of WYD Buenos Aires in 1987. These pilgrims came from 75 countries. For the first time, young people from the Warsaw Pact countries could participate.
Pope John Paul II used Esperanto to address young people present at Mount Hela at the opening and closing of WYD.
# 18th World Scout Jamboree

The 18th World Scout Jamboree (Dutch: 18e Wereldjamboree) was held from 1 to 11 August 1995, and was hosted by the Netherlands on a polder near Biddinghuizen, Dronten community, Flevoland. 28,960 Scouts and staff members from 166 countries and territories participated in the event, the largest representation of countries to date, including 34 countries where Scouting was being born or reborn.

## Opening and royal attendees

The event was officially opened by Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands and her husband Prince Claus. The theme was Future is Now and the Jamboree was also visited by Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden, Princess Basma bint Talal of Jordan and Sadako Ogata, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, who inaugurated the second Global Development Village, a major attraction, with Scouts from all over the world sharing experiences and learning more about other ways of life. Various activities and stalls at the Plaza, in the middle of the Jamboree site, provided lighter entertainment.

## Activities

Some of the range of activities were the Jamboree Friendship Award, the interreligious ceremony on violence and peace, a Scout Forum and connection via satellite with Boutros Boutros-Ghali, Secretary-General of the United Nations, celebrating the 50th anniversary of the United Nations, with the participation of Scout associations, non-governmental organizations and specialized agencies of the United Nations, in particular UNHCR and the United Nations Children's Fund.

## First steps in forming the Community of Lusophone Scouting

The Comunidade do Escutismo Lusófono is based on the Carta do Escutismo Lusófono (Charter of Lusophone Scouting), formulated during the Jamboree on 6 August 1995. The original signatory organizations were the Corpo Nacional de Escutas - Escutismo Católico Português, the União dos Escoteiros do Brasil, the Corpo Nacional de Escutas da Guiné-Bissau and the Associação de Escuteiros de São Tomé e Príncipe.

## Subcamps

The 13 subcamps were named after constellations:
* 1 Lyra
* 2 Aries
* 3 Cygnus
* 4 Gemini
* 5 Pegasus
* 7 Leo
* 8 Phoenix
* 9 Aquarius
* 10 Serpens
* 11 Canis Major
* 12 Libra
* 13 Scorpius
The adult-only Hub for IST (International Service Team) members and other adults was:
* 15 Staff: Polaris
# Guamá

Guamá (died on June 6, 1533) was a Taíno rebel chief who led a rebellion against Spanish rule in Cuba in the 1530s. Legend states that Guamá was first warned about the Spanish conquistador by Hatuey, a Taíno cacique from the island of Hispaniola.

## Biography

After the death of Spanish governor Diego de Velázquez (circa 1460-1524), Guamá led a series of bloody indigenous uprisings against the Spanish that lasted for roughly 10 years. By 1530 Guamá had about fifty warriors and continued to recruit more pacified yndios. The rebellion mainly occurred in the extensive forests of the area of Çagua, near Baracoa in the easternmost area of Cuba, but also farther south and west in the Sierra Maestra.
Archaeologists and forensic pathologists believe that a body found in the Cuban mountains in February 2003 is indeed that of the legendary rebel chief Guamá.
According to the testimony of a captive Indian taken by the Spanish during the rebellion, Guamá was murdered by his brother Oliguama, who buried an axe in his forehead while he slept, in 1533. According to oral tradition Oliguama, also spelled Holguoma, killed Guamá because of a sexual relationship between Guamá and Oliguama's wife.
The death of Guamá and the capture and execution of his warrior wife Casiguaya, plus the killing or dispersal of most of the group by a cuadrilla, a war party of Spanish, Indians and Blacks under the orders of Spanish governor Manuel de Rojas, ended major resistance to the Spanish by 1533. Brizuela of Baitiquirí (Zayas, 1914) fought on until about 1540, when he was captured and imprisoned.
# Viking Bridge

The Viking Bridge, also known as Goose River Bridge, near Portland, North Dakota, was built in 1885 over the Goose River. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.
The bridge is the oldest documented bridge in the state. It is also historically significant "for its association with C.P. Jones, a nineteenth-century bridge fabricator important for introducing iron and steel bridge technologies to North Dakota."
# Vilas Bridge

The Charles N. Vilas Bridge is a 635-foot (194 m) two-span concrete deck arch bridge over the Connecticut River between Bellows Falls, Vermont, and North Walpole, New Hampshire. It was built in 1930 and has been closed since March 19, 2009. The state of New Hampshire has budgeted funds to repair the bridge, with work scheduled to begin in 2028.

## History

Colonel Enoch Hale built a wooden covered toll bridge on this site in 1784, the first bridge over the Connecticut River. The toll was 3¢ for a man on horseback, double if he were in a chaise. If he were in a two-horse chaise, the toll was 20¢.
Captain Isaac Damon replaced Hale's bridge with the lattice truss Tucker Toll Bridge in 1840. He built lattice truss covered bridges all over New England and New York, including 11 over the Connecticut River.
The Vilas Bridge was built in 1930, rehabilitated in 1974, and closed on March 19, 2009. It is a two-span, concrete arch bridge with open spandrels and "turned" concrete bolsters holding up its railing. A plaque is mounted on the bridge containing a section of "The Bridge Builder" by Will Allen Dromgoole.
The bridge was named in honor of Charles Nathaniel Vilas of Alstead, New Hampshire, who donated funds for its construction. Vilas was a philanthropist who had owned and managed a hotel on Fifth Avenue in New York City; he died in 1931 at the age of 78.

### Rehabilitation effort

The condition of this bridge has been a concern of the community for some time because it has been crumbling. New Hampshire delayed repairs due to financial restrictions on the New Hampshire Department of Transportation (NHDoT). The Vermont Agency of Transportation (VTrans) has made overtures to the NHDoT to get the bridge open sooner, as the NHDoT was in the middle of a financial crisis. VTrans' commissioner Brian Searles made the offer to Chris Clement at the NHDoT in December 2013 to front the repair money if NHDoT would fund Vermont's part of other repairs later.
Opponents of repair state that there are other bridges nearby which serve this community, so the Vilas Bridge is not needed, while other bridges without any nearby alternatives are also in need of maintenance. New Hampshire rejected Vermont's offer.
New Hampshire bill HB 1205 was created in 2014 to split the estimated $5M repair cost evenly with Vermont, instead of the usual 7 percent from Vermont and 93 percent from New Hampshire by ownership percentage. Further action will mean putting the Vilas Bridge back on New Hampshire's 10-year plan, which requires New Hampshire legislative action.
In 2021, Rockingham, Vermont, researched whether federal funds were available to help pay for repairs. New Hampshire had about $10 million budgeted for repairs as part of their 10-year plan. In 2022, New Hampshire budgeted $17.7 million in its 10-year plan to repair the bridge, with work scheduled to begin in 2028.
# Izuo Anno

Izuo Anno (Japanese: 阿武巌夫) (December 2, 1909 – December 18, 1939) was a Japanese Olympic athlete who participated in the 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. He was born in Yamaguchi Prefecture. He competed in the 100m and 200m sprints. He was 169 cm tall and weighed 63 kg. He was a graduate of Keio University. During the Second Sino-Japanese War, while undergoing his military service, he was killed in action in Nanning, Guangxi, Republic of China.
# 1999 Prague 1 by-election

A by-election for the Prague 1 Senate seat was held in the Czech Republic on 27 and 28 August 1999. Václav Fischer was elected a member of Senate with over 70% of votes in the first round of voting. Fischer then became the most popular politician in polls.

## Opinion polls

| Agency | Date | Fischer (NK) | Medek (4K) | Jirásková (ODS) | Fischer (KSČM) | Srp (ČSSD) | Tomášková (Rural) | Knot (NEI) | Tyl (RU) |
| iDnes.cz | 20 August | 68.1 | 16.5 | 11.8 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 0.2 | 0.1 |
| Sofres-Factum | 18–19 August | 51.1 | 10.1 | 18.2 | 4.2 | 4.1 | N/A | N/A | N/A |

## Results

| Candidate | Party | Votes | % |
| Václav Fischer | Independent | 22,461 | 71.24 |
| Jiřina Jirásková | Civic Democratic Party | 3,844 | 12.19 |
| Ivan Medek | Four-Coalition | 2,948 | 9.35 |
| Stanislav Fischer | Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia | 1,725 | 5.47 |
| Karel Srp | Czech Social Democratic Party | 327 | 1.04 |
| Elvíra Tomášková | Rural Party | 130 | 0.41 |
| Richard Knot | Independent Initiative (NEI) | 48 | 0.15 |
| Otakar Tyl | Republican Union | 46 | 0.15 |
| Source: CZSO ||||
# Department store "Centrs" bombing

The Centrs bombing was an attack on a downtown Riga shopping center on 17 August 2000, where two time bombs detonated independently of each other. The two blasts occurred in the lobby of the supermarket ten minutes apart. One person died of their injuries and 35 were wounded in the attack.

## Attack

The first bomb exploded at 5:19 pm. Police arrived few minutes later and started the evacuation. The blast had shattered glass windows and filled the ground floor with smoke. Eight minutes later the second bomb exploded. Dozens were injured, three had to be rushed to hospitals whilst 33 others were treated at the scene. One woman died in hospital.

## Investigation

After a year and a half, the police arrested a suspect, Leonards Gromovs, who was initially known as Leonards Butelis. He was later charged for planting the second bomb but was acquitted by the Supreme Court one year later due to lack of evidence. Since then no one has been found guilty and charged for the explosions.
# List of Hungarian films of 2014

The Hungarian film industry produced over thirty feature films in 2014. This article fully lists all non-pornographic films, including short films, that had a release date in that year and which were at least partly made by Hungary. It does not include films first released in previous years that had release dates in 2014. Also included is an overview of the major events in Hungarian film, including film festivals and awards ceremonies, as well as lists of those films that have been particularly well received, both critically and financially.

## Major releases

| Opening | Opening | Title | Cast and Crew | Studio | Genre(s) |
| J A N U A R Y | 16 | Anita B. | Director: Roberto Faenza Cast: Eline Powell, Robert Sheehan, Andrea Osvárt | | Drama |
| J A N U A R Y | 17 | The Mighty Angel | Director: Wojciech Smarzowski Cast: Robert Więckiewicz, Julia Kijowska, Adam Woronowicz | | Drama |
| F E B R U A R Y | 8 | Land of Storms | Director: Ádám Császi Cast: András Sütő, Ádám Varga, Sebastian Urzendowsky | TLA Releasing | Drama |
| M A Y | 23 | White God | Director: Kornél Mundruczó Cast: Zsófia Psotta | | Drama |
| J U L Y | 5 | Afterlife | Director: Virág Zomborácz | | Comedy |
| J U L Y | 9 | Corn Island | Director: Giorgi Ovashvili Cast: İlyas Salman | | Drama |
| S E P T E M B E R | 5 | Mirage | Director: Szabolcs Hajdu Cast: Isaach De Bankolé | | Drama |
| S E P T E M B E R | 6 | The Duke of Burgundy | Director: Peter Strickland Cast: Sidse Babett Knudsen, Chiara D'Anna | Artificial Eye | Drama |
| O C T O B E R | 9 | Symphony No. 42 | Director: Réka Bucsi | | Animated short |
| O C T O B E R | 30 | For Some Inexplicable Reason | Director: Gábor Reisz Cast: Aron Ferenczik | | Drama/Comedy |

## Notable deaths

| Month | Date | Name | Age | Nationality | Profession | Notable films |
| January | 31 | Miklós Jancsó | 92 | Hungarian | Director, Screenwriter | Hungarian RhapsodyPrivate Vices, Public Pleasures |
| November | 7 | Zoltán Gera | 91 | Hungarian | Actor | Escape to VictorySunshine |
# Ghinghinda, Queensland

Ghinghinda is a rural locality in the Shire of Banana, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Ghinghinda had a population of 47 people.

## Geography

The locality is bounded to the south-west by Palm Tree Creek and to the south and south-east by the Gilbert Range (25°26′00″S 149°54′00″E﻿ / ﻿25.4333°S 149.9°E﻿ / -25.4333; 149.9﻿ (Gilbert Range)).
The Leichhardt Highway enters the locality from the south (Taroom) and exits to the east (Isla). The Fitzroy Developmental Road (also known as Taroom Bauhinia Downs Road, State Route 7) enters the locality from the west (Gwambegwine) and exits to the north (Coorada).
There are numerous protected areas in the locality, including the Theodore State Forest, Mebir State Forest, Tualka State Forest, and Waterstone State Forests 1 and 2. Apart from these, the land use is grazing on native vegetation.

## History

The Gilbert Range was named by explorer Ludwig Leichhardt on 14 November 1844, after naturalist John Gilbert who was a member of Leichhardt's 1844 expedition.
In 1862, the pastoral station of Ghinghinda is mentioned as the home of William Kelman, a Commissioner for the Peace.

## Demographics

In the 2016 census, Ghinghinda had a population of 36 people.
In the 2021 census, Ghinghinda had a population of 47 people.

## Education

There are no schools in Ghinghinda. The nearest government schools are Taroom State School (Prep to Year 10) in neighbouring Taroom to the south and Theodore State School (Prep to Year 10) in Theodore to the north-east. However, students living in the north-west of Ghinghinda would be too distant from these schools for a daily commute. Also, there are no schools offering schooling to Year 12 nearby. The alternatives are distance education and boarding school.
# Yayoi Matsumoto

Yayoi Matsumoto (松本 弥生, Matsumoto Yayoi, born March 8, 1990 in Shizuoka, Shizuoka) is a Japanese swimmer. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, she competed for the national team in the Women's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay, finishing in 7th place in the final. She also competed in the women's 50m freestyle, finishing with a time of 25.73 seconds in 35th place in the heats, and the 4 x 200 m freestyle relay. At the 2016 Summer Olympics, she competed in the 50 m freestyle, finishing in 43rd, and was part of the Japanese women's 4 x 100 m freestyle team.
# Alon Harel

Alon Harel (Hebrew: אלון הראל; born 1957) is a law professor at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, where he holds the Phillip P. Mizock & Estelle Mizock Chair in Administrative and Criminal Law. He was educated at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Yale University, and Balliol College, Oxford (where he earned a D.Phil. in legal philosophy with a dissertation supervised by Joseph Raz). He has been a visiting professor at Columbia University, Harvard University, the University of Toronto, the University of Texas at Austin, and the University of Chicago.
Harel writes on political philosophy, jurisprudence, criminal law, constitutional law, and law and economics. His articles often undertake philosophical and legal issues of contemporary political relevance. In a recent article (co-authored with Yuval Eylon), Harel defends judicial review on the grounds of a "right to a hearing", which, as a participatory right, does not conflict with the right to equal democratic participation.
A leading advocate of Israeli human rights in Israel, Harel has served on the board of directors of the Association for Civil Rights in Israel, and submitted a Brief on Behalf of Conscientious Objectors to the Israeli Supreme Court. He often publishes op-ed pieces in Israeli newspapers. A member of Academia for Equality, an organization working to promote democratization, equality and access to higher education for all communities living in Israel.
Harel is the founder and editor of the journal Jerusalem Review of Legal Studies, together with David Enoch.
In 2015, Harel drew criticism for degrading a right-wing student on his Facebook page, tagging her in a post and suggesting that she "return to first grade civics lessons." The student also said that Harel sent her a personal Facebook message at 2:00am informing her of the post that he wrote.

## Books

* Harel, Alon (2014). Why Law Matters. Oxford Legal Philosophy.
* Harel, Alon (February 2018). Wozu Recht: Rechte, Staat und Verfassung im Kontext moderner Gesellschaften. Translated by Veit Friemert (from English). Verlag Karl Alber. ISBN 978-3495489383.
* Harel, Alon (2018). Por Que el Derecho Importa. Translated by Mariano Vitetta. Marcial Pons.

## Selected publications

* ——— (1994), "Efficiency and Fairness in Criminal Law: The Case for a Criminal Law Principle of Comparative Fault", California Law Review, 82 (5): 1181–1229, doi:10.2307/3480909, JSTOR 3480909.
* ———; Parchomovsky, Gideon (1999), "On Hate and Equality", Yale Law Journal, 109 (3): 507–539, doi:10.2307/797410, JSTOR 797410.
* ———; Segal, Uzi (1999), "Criminal law and behavioral law and economics: observations on the neglected role of uncertainty in deterring crime", American Law and Economics Review, 1 (1): 276–312, doi:10.1093/aler/1.1.276.
* ———; Bar-Gill, Oren (2001), "Crime Rates and Expected Sanctions: The Economics of Deterrence Revisited", Journal of Legal Studies, 30 (2): 485–502, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.629.9747, doi:10.1086/322055.
* ———; Eylon, Yuval (2006), "The Right to Judicial Review", Virginia Law Review, 92 (5): 991–1022, archived from the original on 16 July 2011, retrieved 20 February 2010.