OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Toshikazu Kase

Toshikazu Kase (加瀬 俊一, Kase Toshikazu, January 12, 1903 – May 21, 2004) was a Japanese civil servant and career diplomat. During World War II he was a high-ranking Foreign Ministry official. Hideaki Kase is his son and Yoko Ono is his niece.

## Biography

Kase was born in Chiba, Japan, from a family of upper-class landowners. After passing his Foreign Service Examination in 1925 he left Tokyo Higher Commercial College (later Hitotsubashi University) and attended Amherst College and Harvard as a Research Fellow, graduating in 1927.
He had a son, Hideaki Kase (1936–2022), who became a diplomatic critic in promoting Japanese WWII historical revisionism books and films.
He took up diplomatic posts in both Berlin and London before returning to Tokyo where he was posted to the North America desk of the Japanese Foreign Office. He was on duty on the weekend of the Pearl Harbor attack in December 1941. Acting as secretary to Foreign Minister Shigenori Togo, Kase had assisted in the preparation of the document formally terminating negotiations with the United States. In an interview after retirement, he blamed Japanese diplomats in Washington for delays in decoding and delivering the cabled text of the statement, which he claimed should have been delivered an hour prior to the beginning of the attack.
On September 2, 1945, Kase was present as part of the Japanese delegation on board USS Missouri for the signing of the treaty of surrender in 1945. At his suggestion Foreign Minister Mamoru Shigemitsu and other civilian members of the party wore formal diplomatic attire of morning dress and top hats "because we were representing our sovereign" (an exception to this was Saburo Ota, who wore no hat and whose white suit contrasted with other civilian members' mostly black morning dress). Kase had drafted the English text of the document accepting the terms of the Potsdam Declaration.
Kase continued to work in the Foreign Ministry until 1948 when he left to practice journalism. In 1950 Kase published a book that gave an account of the war from a Japanese perspective.
Resuming his diplomatic career in 1954, Kase took up an appointment as chief advisor to the same foreign minister whom he had assisted at the surrender ceremony on board the USS Missouri. In 1955 he became Japan's first ambassador to the United Nations. His final diplomatic posting, before retiring in 1960, was as ambassador to Belgrade.
Kase was interviewed in English for the 1970s documentary series The World at War.
Kase died, aged 101 years, in Kamakura, of heart failure.
# Murder of Brian Bishop

PC Brian John Bishop (24 July 1947 – 27 August 1984) was a British police officer who was shot in the head by an armed robber in Frinton-on-Sea, Essex, on 22 August 1984. He died from his injuries five days later in a London hospital.

## Background

Brian Bishop joined the former Essex Constabulary in 1962 as a fifteen-year-old cadet. Bishop was 6 ft 7 in tall when he became PC 389 on 11 August 1966 and was posted to Colchester. He joined the dog section as a handler in 1968 and moved to the Force Support Unit in 1975. Later, he became a firearms instructor. He had been assigned to the rank of Acting Sergeant before he died.

## Death

The epitaph next to Bishop's memorial stone summarises the circumstances surrounding his death as follows:
   Brian Bishop, a member of the Essex Police tactical firearms group, was called here to await the return of an armed robber to collect stolen money which he had hidden following post office raids in Walton and Frinton. Brian challenged the suspect who immediately opened fire causing extensive head injuries from which Brian subsequently died. A man was convicted of his murder.
Five days after the shooting in Central Avenue near Frinton's seafront took place, Bishop died at St. Bartholomew's Hospital in Smithfield, London, on 27 August 1984. His colleague Sergeant Mervyn Fairweather, who was shot in the groin in the same incident, later recovered.

## Conviction

Colin Richards, a 35-year-old man from Brentwood, was arrested at the scene after another of Bishop's colleagues returned fire. Richards's injuries resulted in paralysis from the waist downwards. He was found guilty of Bishop's murder and of wounding Fairweather (having been charged with the latter's attempted murder) at Norwich Crown Court on 19 July 1985, and was sentenced to life imprisonment with a minimum tariff of 20 years.

## Memorial

On 19 February 1986, the then Home Secretary, Douglas Hurd, unveiled a brown granite memorial stone adjacent to the seafront site where Bishop was shot. Bishop's memorial was only the third to be funded and erected by the Police Memorial Trust, and was the first to be sited outside London.
# Tony Page

Tony Page (formally Antony William Page), is a British Labour party politician who served as the Mayor of Reading and was a former parliamentary candidate. He held a seat on Reading Borough Council for 51 years – from his election in 1973 to his retirement in 2024.
Upon his retirement, Council Leader Liz Terry described him as "probably the most well-known of all Reading politicians." In recognition of his contributions, Page received an honorary Doctor of Letters from the University of Reading in July 2023. Furthermore, in October 2024, he was honoured with an award from the Local Government Information Unit.

## Early life and education

Tony Page is on record as saying that he was taken on one of the Aldermaston marches at the age of six by his parents, who were both members of CND. He graduated from the University of Reading with a Bachelor of Arts in Politics in 1975, two years after he was first elected as a local councillor.

## Reading Borough Council

Tony Page was first elected to Reading Borough Council on June 7, 1973, as the councillor for the now-defunct Castle Ward. He was 19 years old at the time, despite the legal requirement for councillors to be at least 21. Subsequently, he represented Abbey Ward, which encompasses a similar area of the town centre as his initial ward. Throughout his tenure on the council, he has held various positions, including Chair of the Transport Committee from 1986 to 1990, and Lead Member for Strategic Environment, Planning, and Transport from 2008 to 2023.
Councillor Page served as deputy leader of the council from 2008 to 2023. His long tenure made him a prominent figure in the town. In May 2023, Councillor Page was appointed Mayor of Reading, a largely ceremonial role. In October of that year, he announced his intention to retire as a councillor at the conclusion of his mayoral term in May 2024.

## Parliamentary candidature

In the 2005 general election, Tony Page stood as candidate for the Labour party in Reading East parliamentary constituency, following the deselection of Jane Griffiths, who previously held the seat for the same party. He came second, losing to Rob Wilson of the Conservative Party by 475 votes.

## Other roles

From 1986 to 2005, Tony Page was the chairman of Reading Transport Ltd, the town's arms length council owned bus company. From 2013 to 2023, he was chair of the Berkshire Local Transport Body, the local transport body responsible for determining the priorities for transport investment across Berkshire.
# Taken for a Ride

Taken for a Ride is a documentary film by Martha Olson and Jim Klein about the Great American Streetcar Scandal. The 55-minute film was first broadcast on August 6, 1996 on the PBS television series POV.

## Synopsis

Taken for a Ride begins with interviews on the inefficiencies and congestion on Los Angeles' highways. Next, the film displays a variety of archival footage on streetcar systems around the United States, asserting that streetcars were a widespread and efficient means of transportation. The film continues into a description of the General Motors streetcar conspiracy, starting with a history of National City Lines and Pacific City Lines and General Motors' investment in both companies. The film builds the argument that streetcar systems purchased by these companies were deliberately sabotaged through service reductions and fare increases, then replaced with profitable, less convenient, bus systems. Next, the film makes a connection between this conspiracy and the construction of the Interstate Highway System and the suburbanization of America in the face of the highway revolts in the 1960s and 1970s. The film ends with footage of the reduction of Philadelphia's trolleybus system at the time of filming.

## Analysis

Academic Sara Sullivan gave the film a mixed rating in her 2010 review: "(Taken for a Ride) presents a compelling history of the streetcars and the battles over freeways in the 1970s," but that the film "feels incomplete, with certain aspects needing to be fleshed out and other links made."
# The Soulless

The Soulless, formerly known as Ignominious Incarceration, are a metalcore band based in Bath in the south west of England.

## History
### Formation (2006–2009)

The band formed in the summer of 2006, playing their first gig to an audience of around 20 people. By their third show, they had replaced Abigail Williams on a tour slot as the main support act for Bring Me the Horizon and were playing to over 400 people. They were named as one of the best new English death metal bands, they have toured with the likes of Trigger the Bloodshed and Bleed from Within, and recorded a 6-track EP.
Two years later, the band signed a worldwide recording contract with extreme metal label Earache Records. They recorded a debut album, Of Winter Born, at Grindstone Studios in Suffolk in September 2008 with producer Scott Atkins (Sylosis, Gama Bomb).
Ignominious Incarceration toured, supporting Bring Me the Horizon, Deez Nuts, and the Red Shore on the European leg of their tour. In the UK, they played with bands the Argent Dawn and the Eyes of a Traitor. They also toured the UK and Europe with bands Beneath the Massacre and Cryptopsy.

### Of Winter Born and name change

Of Winter Born was released by Earache Records on 18 August 2009. A limited edition version included a bonus disc with four additional tracks. Of Winter Born has been described as "...relentless in nature" by Kerrang! magazine; "...an overpowering barrage of old school riffs" by Terrorizer; "...a striking, technically superb brutally memorable debut" by Rock Sound; and "...a taut and satisfying riff-storm that finds its melodic roots" by Revolver. According to Metal Hammer magazine, the band had "...already found the right balance of technique, melody and brutality. While many young metal bands rehash clichés and old school encumbrances, this lot are threatening to be something altogether different and more demanding."
On 23 September 2010, Ignominious Incarceration announced their band's name being changed to the Soulless. The group commented, "We wanted a new name which was easy to remember and say... the name has a dark, edgy feel to it, but is not instantly recognisable as metal and it's easy to say! We feel this represents us a lot better, as well as our new music."

## Members
### Current members

* Andy Wardle – vocals (2006–present)
* Steve Brown – guitar (2006–present)
* Chris Ball – bass (2006–present)
* Dan Wilding – drums (2011–present)
* Kristan Dawson – guitar (2011–present)

### Former members

* Danny Guy – guitar (2008–2009)
* John McGurrell – guitar (2009–2014)
* Carlos Collier – guitar (2006–2008)
* Sam Bailey – drums (2006–2011)

### Live members

* Bobby Daniels – guitar (2009–2010) (Only played live on the Masters of Metal Tour in 2009)

## Discography
### As Ignominious Incarceration

* Deeds of Days Long Gone (EP) (2008)
* Of Winter Born (2009)

### As the Soulless

* Isolated (2011)
# Hōryūji Station

Hōryūji Station (法隆寺駅, Hōryūji-eki) is a passenger railway station located in the town of Ikaruga, Ikoma District, Nara Prefecture,. It is operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR West).

## Lines

The station is served by the Kansai Main Line (Yamatoji Line) and is 24.8 kilometers from the starting point of the line at Kamo and 145.7 kilometers from Nagoya.

## Layout

Hōryūji Station is an above-ground station with two opposed side platforms and two tracks, connected by an elevated station building. The station is staffed.

### Platforms

| 1 | ■ Yamatoji Line | for Oji, Tennoji, JR Namba and Osaka |
| 2 | ■ Yamatoji Line | for Nara and Kamo |

## History

Hōryūji station opened on 27 December 1890 on the Osaka Railway. In 1900, the Kansai Railway took over operations of the Osaka Railway, and was subsequently nationalized in 1907. With the privatization of the Japan National Railways (JNR) on April 1, 1987, the station came under the control of West Japan Railway Company (JR West). The current station building was completed in 2007.
Station numbering was introduced in March 2018 with Hōryūji being assigned station number JR-Q33.

## Passenger statistics

The average daily passenger traffic in fiscal 2020 was 5558 passengers.

## Surrounding area

* Hōryū-ji
* Ikaruga Town Hall
* Tomio River
* Yamato River
# Toni Pensperger

Anton "Toni" Pensperger (died 5 February 1966) was a West German bobsledder who competed during the 1960s. He was posthumously awarded a gold medal in the four-man event after he was killed at age 26 during the event at the 1966 FIBT World Championships in Cortina d'Ampezzo. His surviving teammates Ludwig Siebert, Helmut Werzer, and Roland Ebert received their golds as well.
A street in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Toni Pensperger Strasse, is named in Pensperger's honor.
# West Huntington Bridge

The West Huntington Bridge (officially named the Nick Joe Rahall II Bridge, also called the West End Bridge or the 17th Street West Bridge) is a two-lane, 562-foot (171 m) cantilever bridge on the west side of Huntington, West Virginia, United States. It crosses the Ohio River and carries U.S. Route 52 between Ohio State Route 7 and Interstate 64.

## Background

The bridge was completed in 1968 at the cost of $5.2 million as part of the West Huntington Expressway.
West Virginia Route 94 was signed on this bridge until 1984 when U.S. Route 52 was diverted on to a new route with Interstate 64. In 1999, the bridge was closed to traffic for refurbishing, which included a new driving surface, barriers and a green paint scheme. On May 9, 1999, the bridge was reopened and subsequently dedicated to Nick Joe Rahall, the then-congressman for the 3rd District of West Virginia. It was the first public works project to bear his name.
The bridge can also be seen in the closing scene of the 2006 biopic We Are Marshall. A female character is seen traveling across the bridge, going into Ohio from Huntington.
# West Union Covered Bridge (West Virginia)

The West Union Covered Bridge (1843), on Middle Island Creek, was a local historical landmark of West Union, West Virginia, USA, until its destruction in a flood in 1950. It was one of more than 100 covered bridges constructed throughout the state in the mid- and late 19th century.

## History

The locally celebrated bridge replaced an earlier one built at the settlement then called Lewisport. According to an early resident, A.A. Bee, "The first bridge across Middle Island Creek [at West Union] was of hewed logs with a center abutment of stones. In the great flood of 1835 it was washed away".
In 1842, a contract for a replacement was awarded to the well-known civil engineer Colonel Benoît "Claudius" Crozet (1789–1864). (Crozet was an immigrant from France who had served in the French military and later taught at the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, as well as helping found the Virginia Military Institute.) The new covered bridge at West Union was part of a series of public works along the Northwestern Turnpike which stretched from Winchester west to the Ohio River through what was then all the state of Virginia. Ephraim Bee (1802–1888), a local blacksmith, magistrate, and state legislator, made all the iron bolts and bands for the bridge, which was completed in 1843.
The West Union Covered Bridge was destroyed after 107 years in a long-remembered flood that devastated the region in June 1950. The inundation also destroyed homes and businesses, killing more than 20 people throughout Doddridge County. The bridge collapsed into the river below, and, because officials feared that it would dam the flood water and create more problems, the still intact wooden structure was demolished.
# 1924 Hessian state election

The 1924 Hessian state election was held on 7 December 1924 to elect the 70 members of the Landtag of Hesse.

## Results

| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
| | Social Democratic Party of Germany | 220,108 | 35.21 | 26 | +2 |
| | Centre Party | 100,384 | 16.06 | 11 | –2 |
| | Hessischer Bauernbund | 82,742 | 13.24 | 9 | –2 |
| | German People's Party | 73,930 | 11.83 | 8 | –2 |
| | German Democratic Party | 53,301 | 8.53 | 6 | +1 |
| | German National People's Party | 43,717 | 6.99 | 5 | +2 |
| | Communist Party of Germany | 33,689 | 5.39 | 4 | +2 |
| | National Socialist Freedom Movement | 8,478 | 1.36 | 1 | New |
| | Reich Party of the German Middle Class | 5,851 | 0.94 | 0 | New |
| | Vereinigte schaffende hessische Landwirte | 2,932 | 0.47 | 0 | New |
| Total | Total | 625,132 | 100.00 | 70 | 0 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 625,132 | 98.10 | | |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 12,132 | 1.90 | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | 637,264 | 100.00 | | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 846,196 | 75.31 | | |
| Source: Elections in the Weimar Republic, Elections in Germany ||||||
# Wildcat Creek Bridge

Wildcat Creek Bridge is a covered bridge built in 1925 at Austa, near Walton, in the U.S. state of Oregon. It uses Howe truss engineering and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. The 75-foot (23 m) bridge carries Austa Road over Wildcat Creek near its confluence with the Siuslaw River.
The bridge is among those for which Lane County minted commemorative coins between 2005 and July 2012 for sale to the public to raise funds to maintain and repair covered bridges.Lane County has 17 covered bridges, 14 of which are active. Through 2012, the county issued 325 Wildcat Creek Bridge coins.
# William A. Stickel Memorial Bridge

The William A. Stickel Memorial Bridge is a vertical-lift bridge in New Jersey that crosses the Passaic River, connecting Newark and East Newark as part of Interstate 280. The bridge is named in honor of William A. Stickel, a civil engineer from Newark who served as the Essex County engineer for over 20 years.
The bridge was constructed from 1948 to 1949 as Route 25A and is owned and operated by the New Jersey Department of Transportation. The total length of the structure is 209.6 metres (688 ft), and it provides a clearance of 11.7–15.1 metres (38–50 ft). The length of the movable section is 41.9 metres (137 ft). The bridge was inaugurated on May 1, 1949, and became part of the interstate system in 1971.
The bridge is one of the few movable bridges that remain in the Interstate Highway System. The bridge remained manned by a drawtender until March 3, 1999. It rarely opens and requires 24-hour notice to NJDOT for opening. The six-lane Stickel Bridge has four through-traffic lanes and two lanes for traffic entering and exiting Route 21 at exit 15 just west of the bridge.

## Rehabilitation

The April 2001 release of a New Jersey Department of Transportation report labeling the Stickel Bridge "structurally deficient and functionally obsolete" has prompted officials to consider options to either rehabilitate or replace the bridge. Inspectors found both the superstructure and substructure of the old span to be in "poor" condition, the result of wall cracks and severe corrosion of structural steel. Furthermore, the steel-grated roadway, narrow lanes and tight ramps leading to the local streets have contributed to the bridge's high accident rate.
In May 2008, the rehabilitation work on the span was completed. Work included having its mechanical systems overhauled, and removal of its old black coating, in favor of a light blue paint.
# 1928 Free City of Danzig MP reduction referendum

A referendum on reducing the number of MPs was held in the Free City of Danzig on 9 December 1928. Voters were presented with two different proposals on reducing the size of the 120-seat Volkstag and the Senate. Voters were only allowed to vote "yes" to one proposal, but neither received a majority in support. Two years later Volkstag members voted to reduce the size of the body to 72 seats.

## Background

The Free City of Danzig was created as an entity by the Treaty of Versailles. Its constitution came into force on 5 November 1922, and provided for a 120-seat Volkstag and a 22-member Senate, which functioned as the territory's cabinet. It also set out that Danzig City Council was elected by Volkstag members rather than the public.
On 21 September the Volkstag rejected a bill to reduce it in size; despite MPs voting by 72–2 to reduce their number, the quorum of 80 votes was missed. As a result of the vote, two citizen initiatives were started. The initiatives required the signature of at least 10% of voters, which based on there being 214,363 registered voters for the 1927 elections, was 21,437 signatures.
The "People's Will" (Volkswille) initiative collected 28,961 signatures. It proposed a 72-seat Volkstag, which would elect a 12-member Senate with 5 full-time members and 7 part-time members. Danzig City Council would still be elected by the Volkstag, but based on the proportion of votes received in the previous election.
The "Citizen Protection" (Bürgerschutz) initiative gathered 46,219 signatures, and proposed a 61-seat Volkstag, which would elect a 12-member Senate with 5 full-time members and 7 part-time members. It also proposed the direct election of Danzig City Council.

## Results

In order to be ratified, the proposal had to be approved by at least 50% of the number of registered voters in the 1927 elections. Voters could only vote on one of the proposals, and any ballot on which a vote had been cast for both proposals, even if they had votes "yes" to one and "no" to the other, was void.
A total of 73,739 people voted on the Citizens' Protection initiative, whilst 59,442 people voted on the People's Will initiative, with 99% of voters voting for one of the two. Just over 4,000 invalid ballots were cast.
| Choice | Votes | % | % of registered voters in 1927 |
| For People's Will | 58,495 | 43.92 | 27.29 |
| Against People's Will | 947 | 0.71 | 0.44 |
| For Citizen's Protection | 73,179 | 54.95 | 34.14 |
| Against Citizen's Protection | 560 | 0.42 | 0.26 |
| Invalid/blank votes | 4,155 | – | – |
| Total | 137,336 | 100 | – |
| Registered voters/turnout | 215,545 | 63.72 | – |
| Source: Direct Democracy ||||
# Wilson Pigott Bridge

The Wilson Pigott Bridge (also locally known as the State Road 31 Bridge) is a small two-lane drawbridge located near Fort Myers Shores in Lee County, Florida. It is one of four drawbridges in Lee County. It is 27 feet tall.
The Wilson Pigott Bridge was built in 1960, and it carries State Road 31 over the Caloosahatchee River. This segment of State Road 31 is located between State Road 80 on the southern side of the river, and State Road 78 on the north side of the river. The Lee Civic Center is located nearby.
It is named for Wilson Pigott, a Lee County Commissioner.

## History

The Wilson Pigott Bridge opened for traffic in 1960. It was built to replace an earlier swing bridge in Olga that previously carried State Road 31. The now-demolished swing bridge in Olga was built in 1915. It was located about three miles upstream from the Wilson Pigott Bridge, where it linked North Olga Drive and South Olga Drive.

## Future

The Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) is planning to widen much of SR 31 to a multi-lane divided highway. This project will eventually lead to the replacement of the Wilson Pigott Bridge with a wider bridge. FDOT is considering replacing the bridge with either another drawbridge or a high-level fixed-span bridge.