OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 2008 Colorado Republican presidential caucuses

"none" is preferred when the title is already sufficiently detailed; see [[WP:SDNONE]]
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The 2008 Colorado Republican presidential caucuses took place on February 5, 2008, with two national delegates.
Colorado chose 21 other delegates during district conventions from May 24 to June 7, 2008.

## Results

Official Results :
| Candidate | Votes | Percentage | Delegates |
| Mitt Romney | 42,218 | 60.11% | 22 |
| John McCain | 12,918 | 18.39% | 0 |
| Mike Huckabee | 8,960 | 12.76% | 0 |
| Ron Paul | 5,910 | 8.42% | 0 |
| Alan Keyes | 67 | 0.1% | 0 |
| Fred Thompson | 63 | 0.09% | 0 |
| Rudy Giuliani | 58 | 0.08% | 0 |
| Duncan Hunter | 25 | 0.04% | 0 |
| Tom Tancredo | 10 | 0.01% | 0 |
| Total | 70,229 | 100% | 22 |
# Alanduwaka

Alanduwaka is a village located in Kandy District, in Sri Lanka's Central Province.

## History

Archibald Campbell Lawrie writes in his 1896 gazetteer of the province that the inhabitants of Alanduwaka are of the "Chalia" caste.
# Benua

Benua may refer to:
* 5419 Benua, an asteroid
* Benua (protist), a Peronosporaceae oomycete
* Russian-language rendering of the French surnames Benois, Benoit, or Benoist:
** Alexander Benua or Alexandre Benois (1870–1960), Russian artist, art critic, historian, preservationist
** Alexander Benua (general) [ru] (1862–1944) General of the Russian Imperial Army
** Irina Benua [ru] (1912–2004) Soviet and Russian architect-restorer
# Jean-Baptiste Vaquette de Gribeauval

Lieutenant General Jean-Baptiste Vaquette de Gribeauval (French pronunciation:; 15 September 1715 – 9 May 1789) was a French artillery officer and engineer who revolutionised the French cannon, creating a new production system that allowed for lighter, more uniform guns without sacrificing range. His Gribeauval system superseded the de Vallière system. These guns proved essential to French military victories during the Napoleonic Wars. Gribeauval is credited as the earliest known advocate for the interchangeability of gun parts. He is thus one of the principal influences on the later development (over many decades by many people) of interchangeable manufacture.

## Early life

Jean-Baptiste was born in Amiens, the son of a magistrate. He entered the French royal artillery in 1732 as a volunteer, and became an officer in 1735. For nearly twenty years regimental duty and scientific work occupied him, and in 1752 he became captain of a company of miners. In 1755, he was employed in a military mission in Prussia.
In 1757, being then a lieutenant colonel, he was lent to the Austrian army on the outbreak of the Seven Years' War, and established the Austrian sapper corps. He led the sapping operations at the Siege of Glatz and the defence of Schweidnitz. At Schweidnitz, his 1748 design of fortification gun was tested and significantly improved by Master Carpenter Richter.
In 1762, he reported back to the Paris authorities on the Austrian artillery system compared with the existing French de Vallière guns. While with the Austrian army he also worked on the continued development of mining in siegecraft.
The empress Maria Theresa rewarded him for his work with the rank of Feldmarschallleutnant and the Grand Cross of the Military Order of Maria Theresa. On his return to France he was made maréchal de camp (major general), in 1764 Inspector of artillery, and in 1765 lieutenant général and commander of the Order of Saint Louis.

## Gribeauval system

Subsequently, he was for some years in disfavour at court. However, he became first inspector of artillery in 1776, in which year also he received the grand cross of the St Louis Order. He was now able to carry out the reforms in the artillery arm which are his chief title to fame. The Table des constructions des principaux attirails de l'artillerie ... de M. de Gribeauval covers all the French artillery equipment in detail. He was also responsible for the règlement for the French artillery issued in 1776. Although much of the work is not directly attributable to Gribeauval, these systems of organisation and uniformity in ordnance have been called le système Gribeauval.
# John Paul Visscher

John Paul Visscher (1895 – February 11, 1950) was an American protozoologist and was a professor and later head of the Biology Department of Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio.

## Biography

Visscher was born in 1895 in Holland, Michigan. He got his bachelor's degree from Hope College in his hometown in 1917, and in 1920 and 1924 got his A.M. and Ph.D. degrees from Johns Hopkins University. He served in the U.S. Army during World War I where he was a Lieutenant in the Chemical Warfare Service. From 1920 to 1922 he was an instructor of zoology at Washington University in St. Louis, where he served as a mentor to Francis Otto Schmitt. Two years later he became assistant professor of biology at Western Reserve University. Another two years went by, and he received another promotion, to associate professor. Three years later he became professor, followed by Head of the Biology Department in 1937. He stayed at Western Reserve University until his death in 1950.
Visscher was well known for his discoveries in the protozoology field. He studied barnacles and marine fouling of ships' bottom parts. Starting from 1922 to 1925 he worked as a special investigator for the United States Bureau of Fisheries, with whom he spent most of his summers. During this time he was busy with examination of marine fouling on the U.S. Navy and commercial ships. In 1928 he published his book, Nature and Extent of Fouling of Ships' Bottoms, which was based on his research. During 1935 and 1936, he worked at the United States Navy's Division of Construction and Repair with the same position that he had in 1920s. Ten years later, he became a consultant at the Naval Research Laboratory in Washington, D.C.
Working at Western Reserve University in Cleveland for many years, Visscher had an impact on its biology department as well as the northern Ohio community and local organizations relating to biology. In 1929 he was called upon in a Cleveland case to opine on whether bees feel pain. Visscher contributed to the founding of the Baldwin Bird Research Laboratory and the Cleveland birding community.
The Smithsonian maintains an archive of his papers.

## Honors and memberships

* American Association for the Advancement of Science, Fellow
* Ohio Academy of Science, Fellow
* American Society of Naturalists, member
* Cleveland Museum of Natural History, trustee
* Garden Center of Greater Cleveland, trustee
# Nodozana fifina

Nodozana fifina is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Paul Dognin in 1913. It is found in Panama.
# Davey Barr

Davey Barr (born March 3, 1977) is a Canadian freestyle skier currently residing in Whistler, British Columbia. Davey Barr is a member of the Canadian national ski cross team.
Barr managed his first world championship medal, a bronze, in 2009. His highest ranking on the World Cup tour was 3rd during the 2007–08 season. Barr won the first ever FIS world cup ski cross event held in North America at Deer Valley in 2008. The 2010 Vancouver Olympics will be taking place in his hometown of Whistler, British Columbia. Davey Barr was not originally selected by the Canadian Freestyle Ski Association to attend those games; however, he attended as a replacement for Brady Leman of Calgary, Alberta. Leman himself was a replacement for Dave Duncan who broke his right clavicle bone during a training run.
Barr qualified for the 1/8 finals with a time of 1:14:98, ranking him 25th out of 33 skiers. There, he avoided a near-collision between Simon Stickl of Germany and Anders Rekdal of Denmark to finish second. In the quarterfinals, Barr fought against Kerr, only to surpass him on the first turn and remain second throughout the heat. The semifinals saw Barr struggle to retain his position in third, sending him to the B-Final. Barr trailed the pack for the grand majority of the race, until a fall by Slovenia's Filip Flisar caused Australia's Scott Kneller to ski off-course, allowing him to place sixth overall.
# Ashim Ahluwalia

Ashim Ahluwalia (born 1972 in Mumbai, India) is a film director and screenwriter. He made his directorial debut with the feature-length documentary John & Jane (2005), which had a world premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival and a European premiere at the Berlin International Film Festival, and won him the 2005 National Film Award for Best First Non-Feature Film of a Director. This was followed by his first narrative feature film Miss Lovely, premiered at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival. which won him India's National Film Award – Special Jury Award (Feature film), and Best Production Design at the 61st National Film Awards.
Working outside the mainstream Bollywood film system, Ashim Ahluwalia is part of a new generation of Indian directors. His unconventional films blur the lines between documentary and fiction. His short films have shown at the Tate Modern, the Centre Pompidou and at the Venice Architecture Biennale.

## Early life and education

Ashim Ahluwalia grew up in Mumbai, India. He attended the city's Cathedral and John Connon School before attending Bard College in upstate New York, from which he graduated with a BA in filmmaking in 1995.

## Career

Ahluwalia began his film career with a series of experimental films made between 1993 and 2002. His first short, The Dust (1993), was made by reworking home movies shot by his grandfather in the 1950s.
He formed an independent production company, Future East, in 2005, providing an infrastructure for him to work outside mainstream film channels.
Ahluwalia was selected by the San Francisco Film Society as their Artist in Residence for 2013.
In May 2013, he received the Charles Flint Kellogg Award in Arts and Letters from Bard College, his alma mater. The award is "given in recognition of a significant contribution to artistic or literary heritage."
In November 2013, he was selected to be on the jury of the 8th edition of the Rome Film Festival for the CinemaXXI section.
In 2010, Ahluwalia was named "one of the ten best emerging film directors working today" by Phaidon Press in "Take 100: The Future of Film".

## Filmography
### Films

* Thin Air (1999)
* John & Jane (2005)
* Miss Lovely (2012)
* Events in A Cloud Chamber (2016)
* Daddy (2017)
* The Field Guide to Evil (2018)

### Web series

* Class (Season 1) on Netflix (2023)

## Awards

* Indian National Film Award (2007) - Best Non-Fiction Film for John & Jane
* Indian National Film Award (2013) - Special Jury Award (Feature Film) for Miss Lovely
* Indian National Film Award (2013) - Best Production Design for Miss Lovely
# Seppo Räty

Seppo Henrik Räty (born 27 April 1962) is a retired Finnish track and field athlete who competed in the javelin throw. He was a World Champion, having won gold in 1987. He was also an Olympic medalist (silver in 1992, bronze in 1988 and 1996). He was nicknamed Tohmajärven karhu ("The Bear of Tohmajärvi") and Tohmajärven tykki ("The Cannon of Tohmajärvi").
His personal best throw of 96.96 m, set in 1991, was one of his two world records with the "new javelin" at the time, however this throw was made using a "Nemeth" javelin that was banned by the IAAF later that year. All records made using this javelin were retrospectively deleted as from 20.9.1991 but remain ratified world records recognised by the IAAF. His best throw with the current javelin is 90.60 m, achieved in 1992.
While in the process of winning the 1987 World Championships, Räty was the subject of an often repeated video of failure. Räty tripped on the runway, his javelin throw sticking in the runway about 30 cm short of the foul line. While an embarrassing throw for negative gain, in fact since he had not crossed the line it did not even count as a foul.
After retiring, Räty became a coach. He currently (2008) mentors another javelin thrower from Northern Karelia, Oona Sormunen.

## Seasonal bests by year

* 1986 - 81.72
* 1987 - 83.54
* 1988 - 83.26
* 1989 - 83.92
* 1990 - 86.92
* 1991 - 96.96 (modified javelin)
* 1992 - 90.60
* 1993 - 85.68
* 1994 - 85.22
* 1995 - 87.68
* 1996 - 86.98
* 1997 - 82.22
* 1998 - 75.14
* 1999 - 79.47
# Concord River (Maine)

The Concord River is a 7.8-mile-long (12.6 km) tributary of the Androscoggin River in western Maine. The Androscoggin flows east and southeast to the Kennebec River near its mouth at the Atlantic Ocean.
The Concord River begins at the outlet of Concord Pond in Woodstock and flows northwest through Milton into the town of Rumford, where it reaches the Androscoggin.
# Nodozana fifi

Nodozana fifi is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Paul Dognin in 1891. It is found in Ecuador.
# Staryi Bridge

The Staryi Bridge (Ukrainian: Старий міст, lit. 'Old Bridge'), formerly known as Amurskyi Bridge (Ukrainian: Амурський міст), is a combined double-decker (road and rail) bridge across the Dnieper River in the city of Dnipro. It connects the Tsentralnyi (Central) and Nyzhnodniprovskyi districts of the city. On 29 July 2024, the bridge was renamed to comply with derussification laws, and thus its old name was returned.
# Jordyn Barratt

Jordyn Barratt (born December 28, 1998) is a regular-footed American skateboarder and surfer. Barratt lives and works in Encinitas, California.

## Early life and education

Raised in her early-life in Haleiwa, Hawaii, Barratt eventually moved to California and graduated from San Dieguito Academy in San Diego County, California, where she was captain of her surf team.

## Skateboarding

Barratt was a last-minute addition to the Women’s Skateboard Park field at the X-Games 2016. The competition was her first pro contest. The then 17-year-old Barratt earned bronze. In 2016, Barratt became the first female junior pro to compete in both surfing and skating at the VANS U.S. Open. In 2017, Barratt became the first woman to qualify for and compete at the Dew Tour. In 2017, Barratt won the Vans Girls Combi Bowl pool classic.
In 2018, Barratt placed second at the Vans Park Series women’s skateboard park event in Huntington Beach, California.
Barratt is among the 16 members of the inaugural U.S.A Skateboarding National Team announced in March 2019. Barratt will compete to qualify for the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games in the Women's Park division.

### Sponsors

Toyota, Vans, Pro-Tec, Bones, Independent, Mob Grip, Black & Decker, 187 Pads, Samsung
# 2014 Prague 10 by-election

A by-election for the Prague 10 Senate seat was held in the Czech Republic on 19–20 September 2014 and 26–27 September 2014. The election was held after incumbent Jaromír Štětina got elected member of European Parliament. Voter turnout was 15.8% for first round and 8.75% for second round. It was the lowest voter turnout for any Senate election so far.
Cabrnochová remained Senator until 2016 Senate election when she received 12% and was eliminated in the first round.

## Results

| Candidate | Party | First round | First round | Second round | Second round |
| Candidate | Party | Votes | % | Votes | % |
| Ivana Cabrnochová | Green Party-Czech Social Democratic Party | 2,092 | 15.83 | 3,664 | 50.91 |
| Jana Dušková | ANO 2011 | 2,060 | 15.59 | 3,532 | 49.08 |
| Renata Sabongui | TOP 09 | 2,055 | 15.55 | | |
| Antonín Panenka | NPP10-HPLD | 1,776 | 13.44 | | |
| Oldřich Choděra | Civic Democratic Party | 1,564 | 11.83 | | |
| Lubomír Chudoba | KDU-ČSL-LES | 1,293 | 9.78 | | |
| Jiří Payne | Party of Free Citizens | 977 | 7.39 | | |
| Milan Neubert | Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia | 954 | 7.22 | | |
| Miroslav Kos | SNOP13 | 399 | 3.01 | | |
| Pavel Jánský | Czech Sovereignty | 43 | 0.32 | | |
# Lord Provost of Glasgow Charity Cup

The Lord Provost of Glasgow Charity Cup, also called the John McLeod Trophy, was a super cup match between Division One champions Hibernian and Scottish Cup winners Motherwell.

## Match
### Team selection

Hibernian were without Tommy Younger, Jock Paterson, Lawrie Reilly, and Willie Ormond.
Paterson, Reilly, and Ormond were selected for the Scottish League XI to play the Welsh League XI in Cardiff on 24 September, while Wilson Humphries of Motherwell (a late replacement for Derek Grierson of Rangers) was also called up, but all of them were denied permission by the Scottish Football League to be released for the game.

### Match details

| GK | Jimmy McCracken |
| FB | Jock Govan |
| FB | Hugh Howie |
| WH | Archie Buchanan |
| CH | Mackenzie |
| HB | Mike Gallagher |
| MF | Tommy McDonald |
| IF | Bobby Johnstone |
| CF | Jim Souness |
| IF | Eddie Turnbull |
| MF | Gordon Smith |
| Manager: ||
| Hugh Shaw ||
| GK | John Johnston |
| FB | Willie Kilmarnock |
| FB | Archie Shaw |
| RH | Charlie Cox |
| LH | Andy Paton |
| OR | Willie Redpath |
| IF | Tommy Sloan |
| CF | George Dawson |
| IF | Archie Kelly |
| OL | Jim Forrest |
| CH | Johnny Aitkenhead |
| Manager: ||
| George Stevenson ||

## Afterwards

The trophy and mementoes for the players were presented by Mr T.A. Kerr, the Lord Provost of Glasgow, at the end of the match.
Hibernian faced Motherwell again five days later on 27 September in the Scottish Football League and gained a measure of revenge with a 7–3 victory at Fir Park. Lawrie Reilly and Jock Paterson were restored to the Hibs line up. Reilly netted four times for the Hibees.
# Abhijeet Shah

Abhijeet Shah is an Indian politician from Madhya Pradesh. He is a Member of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly from 2023, representing Timarni Assembly constituency as a Member of the Indian National Congress.
# Gurinder Sandhu

Gurinder Singh Sandhu (born 14 June 1993) is an Australian international cricketer who plays for Queensland in Domestic cricket. He is the first male cricketer of Indian descent to represent Australia in an international tournament.

## Early life and family

Sandhu was born in Blacktown, New South Wales. Coming from Indian descent, his parents emigrated to Australia in the 1980s.

## Career
### Domestic career

Sandhu made his senior cricket debut for the Sydney Thunder in the 2011–12 Big Bash League season. He made his List A and First-class cricket debut for New South Wales at the end of the 2012–2013 Australian cricket season.
In March 2013, Sandhu was voted the Australian Cricketers' Association player of the month.
Sandhu played three games for New South Wales in the 2017–18 JLT One-Day Cup, taking 5 wickets but conceding 6.13 runs per over. His best performance of the tournament came against Western Australia, when he took 4 wickets for 57 runs in a 9-run loss.
It was announced on 26 April 2018 that Sandhu had signed for Tasmania for the upcoming season, ending a five-year stint with New South Wales.

### International career

Sandhu played for the Australia Under-19 cricket team in the 2012 ICC Under-19 Cricket World Cup.
Sandhu made his senior international debut for Australia in a One Day International against India at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in January 2015. He had limited success in the series and played no further games for Australia.
# White Paper on the National Transition of Catalonia

The White Paper on the National Transition of Catalonia is a white paper that analyzes the different aspects to consider in the process of transition towards an independent Catalonia. The book, published by the Government of Catalonia in 2014, includes all of the reports prepared by the Advisory Council for the National Transition and a summary of those made by the Secretary of the Council.
# 2023 Rio Grande do Sul floods

In September 2023, heavy rainfall and strong winds from an extratropical cyclone resulted in the deaths of at least 47 people in Rio Grande do Sul state of Brazil, 940 injured, and caused $1.3 million in damage. Flooding also impacted several municipalities in Rio Grande do Sul, including Bento Gonçalves, Caxias do Sul, Ibiraiaras, Lajeado do Bugre, Nova Bassano, Santo Expedito do Sul, and São Jorge. The floods also prompted a state of emergency to be declared in the state by governor Eduardo Leite.

## Background

The flooding was caused by the warming atmosphere resulting from climate change, which increases the likelihood of extreme rainfall. Global temperatures have risen by approximately 1.2 degrees Celsius since the onset of the industrial era.
In 2022, torrential rain led to landslides and mudflows near the city of Recife in the country's northeast, resulting in the deaths of at least 100 people. That same year, floods in Petropolis, Rio de Janeiro, killed 231 people and caused 1 billion R$ ($193.8 million USD) in damage. In February 2023, flooding and landslides in Brazil's São Paulo state killed 40 people as 627 millimetres (24.7 in) of rain fell in São Sebastião.

## Impact

Within a span of 72 hours, over 200mm (11 inches) of rainfall deluged the state from an extratropical cyclone, resulting in floods and landslides. The heaviest rainfall in the 72-hour period was in Passo Fundo, receiving 291 millimetres (11.5 in). Officials reported that thousands of individuals were compelled to evacuate their residences. In Muçum, local media sources indicated that hundreds were rescued from their rooftops as 85% of the town became inundated and 16 deaths occurred. The floods affected more than 354,711 people, with 940 injuries, 46 missing, 25,855 of them displaced and an additional 3,800 homeless.

## Response

Rescue teams employed helicopters to access regions isolated by floodwaters. The governor of Rio Grande do Sul, Eduardo Leite, declared a state of emergency as he assessed damage across the state.