OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Edward Henry Howard

Edward Henry Howard (13 February 1829 – 16 September 1892) was an English Catholic priest and archbishop, who was made a cardinal in 1877. He was a relative of the Dukes of Norfolk.
Howard is in the episcopal lineage of Pope Francis.

## Life

Howard was the son of Edward Gyles Howard, by his marriage to Frances Anne Heneage, and was educated at St Mary's College, Oscott. His father was the son of Edward Charles Howard, the youngest brother of Bernard Howard, 12th Duke of Norfolk. His father's sister Julia Barbara Howard was married to Henry Stafford-Jerningham, 9th Baron Stafford, from 1829 until she died in 1856.
After a short stint of service as a British Army officer with the Life Guards, during which he commanded the detachment escorting the hearse at the Duke of Wellington's funeral in 1852, Howard resigned his commission to study for the priesthood at the Academy of Noble Ecclesiastics in Rome, and was ordained a priest in 1854. He served as a missionary in Goa, Portuguese India. After his return to Rome, he continued to work with Englishmen who wished to convert from Anglicanism to the Church of Rome. In June 1871, he was made titular Archbishop of Neocaesaria in partibus and assistant bishop to the Cardinal Bishop of Frascati.
Howard was elevated to Cardinal-Priest of Ss. Giovanni e Paolo on 12 March 1877 and in 1878 appointed Protector of the English College at Rome, an institution to which he later left his valuable library. For about a year, he was papal envoy to Goa, India, to negotiate between the British and the Portuguese authorities the settlement of the problems concerning the ecclesiastical government of the Province of Goa. He wanted to become a missionary in the East but the Pope Pius IX insisted that he stay in Rome. He served in pastoral ministry in Rome as confessor of the poor and the soldiers. In December 1881 he became Archpriest of Saint Peter's Basilica. On 24 March 1884 he became Cardinal-Bishop of the suburbicarian diocese of Frascati.
In failing health, he retired to Brighton shortly before his death, which occurred on 16 September 1892. He is buried at the Fitzalan Chapel in Arundel, West Sussex.

## Honours

* Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Order of Kalākaua I, 1881
# Mount Sumbing

Mount Sumbing (Indonesian: Gunung Sumbing) is an active stratovolcano in Central Java, Indonesia. This volcano is symmetrical like its neighbor, Mount Sindoro which lies to its northwest. Administratively, The volcano is divided between 3 regencies: Temanggung, Wonosobo, and Magelang. The only report of historical eruptions is from 1730. It has created a small phreatic crater at the summit.
The summit of Mount Sumbing serves as the meeting point of the borders of three river basins, namely, the Progo basin on the eastern side of the mountain, the Serayu basin, and the Bogowonto basin on the western side of the mountain. The Progo River Basin covers more than 50% of the Mount Sumbing complex. Each of these river basins flows towards the southern coast of Java, eventually emptying into the Indian Ocean.

## Gallery

* Mount Sundoro (left), Mount Sumbing (right)
* Mount Sumbing (left) and Mount Sindoro (Sundoro) (right) seen from the sky by plane.
* The silhouette of Mount Sumbing from Bondowoso, Temanggung
* Mount Sumbing in 2016
# Black-striped sparrow

The black-striped sparrow (Arremonops conirostris) is a passerine bird found from eastern Honduras to western Ecuador, northern Brazil, and Venezuela.
This American sparrow is a common bird in humid lowlands and foothills up to 1,500 m (4,900 ft) altitude, in semiopen habitats such as thickets, young second growth, overgrown fields, shady plantations, and gardens.
The large, domed nest, built by the female, is made of coarse plant material and has a wide side entrance. It is normally placed less than 1 m (3.3 ft) up in dense growth, but may be as high as 1.8 m (5.9 ft). The clutch is two, rarely three, unmarked white eggs, which are incubated by the female alone for 12–14 days before hatching.
The black-striped sparrow is a mainly terrestrial species, 16.5 cm (6.5 in) long and weighing 37.5 g (1.32 oz). The adult is distinctive, with a grey head which has broad black stripes each side of the crown and narrower black stripes through each eye. The upperparts are olive, with yellow on the bend of the wing. The underparts are dull white shading to grey on the breast sides and to olive on the lower belly. Young birds have brown stripes on a yellower head, brownish-olive upperparts and yellow-olive underparts.
This species resembles the olive sparrow, but is larger, and the ranges do not overlap. The seven subspecies are:
* A. c. conirostris (Bonaparte, 1850), the nominate, breeds in most of northern South America.
* A. c. inexpectatus Chapman, 1914 breeds in part of western Colombia. It is small, dull, and brownish-olive above.
* A. c. pastazae Krabbe & Stejskal, 2008 is found in eastern Ecuador
* A. c. richmondii Ridgway, 1898 breeds in Central America south to western Panama. It is smaller and brighter than nominate A. c. conirostris.
* A. c. striaticeps (Lafresnaye, 1853) breeds from central Panama to western Ecuador. It is whiter below than nominate A. c. conirostris or A. c. richmondii.
* A. c. umbrinus Todd, 1923 breeds in the Maracaibo basin of northern Colombia and Venezuela. It is another small, dull race, but brighter above and slightly larger than A. c. inexpectatus.
* A. c. viridicatus Wetmore, 1957 breeds on Isla de Coiba, Panama. It is greyer on the head, breast, and flanks than A. c. striaticeps.
The black-striped sparrow has a metallic churk call. The male's song, given from the ground or a low perch, consists of a whistles and slurred notes, tsweet-tsweet tsweet-tswee ti-ti-ti, followed by a trill, but varies geographically.
The black-striped sparrow feeds on insects, spiders, and seeds taken on the ground, and also picks berries and invertebrate prey from low bushes. It is seen in pairs, never in flocks, and is a shy and retiring species.
# Death and state funeral of Giorgio Napolitano

On 22 September 2023, former Italian president Giorgio Napolitano died at the Salvator Mundi International Hospital in Rome, aged 98. On the following day, the Italian government announced a state funeral and proclaimed a national day of mourning for 26 September. It was attended by international figures including four incumbent presidents, one former president, and over one hundred ambassadors, and was Italy's first secular funeral for a former president. It was Italy's third state funeral in 2023 after former Prime Ministers Silvio Berlusconi's in June and Arnaldo Forlani's in July.

## Illness and death

Napolitano was hospitalized at the Salvator Mundi International Hospital in Rome shortly after his 98th birthday on 29 June 2023. On 19 September, he was reported to be in critical condition with his health deteriorating, and was taken off life support. He died three days later on 22 September.

## Lying in state

The day after his death, Napolitano's body was brought to Palazzo Madama, Rome, where the Italian Senate has its seat, and was laid in state for three days.

## Reactions

Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni offered her "deepest condolences" to Napolitano's family. President Sergio Mattarella said that Napolitano's life "mirrored a large part of (Italy's) history in the second half of the 20th century, with its dramas, its complexity, its goals, its hopes." In a condolence note to Clio Maria Bittoni, Napolitano's widow, Pope Francis said that Napolitano "showed great gifts of intellect and sincere passion for Italian political life as well as strong interest for the fates of nations." Napolitano had been in a friendly relationship with both Francis and his predecessor Pope Benedict XVI.

## Funeral

Italy's Council of Ministers ordered flags to be flown half-mast for five days in his honour until the date of the funeral, which was also proclaimed to be a day of national mourning ; a state funeral was held on 26 September at Palazzo Montecitorio, where the Italian Chamber of Deputies has its seat. Since Napolitano was atheist, it was a secular funeral. He was buried in Rome's Non-Catholic Cemetery, near other historical figures like Antonio Gramsci, Andrea Camilleri, Emilio Lussu, Lindsay Kemp, Amelia Rosselli, John Keats, and Percy Bysshe Shelley.
Dignitaries who attended the funeral service included French President Emmanuel Macron, German President Frank-Walter Steinmeier, Cardinal Gianfranco Ravasi and Sophie, Duchess of Edinburgh. Pope Francis attended a wake for Napolitano at the Senate a day earlier on 25 September.
# Tyto richae

Tyto richae is an extinct species of Tyto that lived in South Africa during the Early Pliocene, its fossils having been discovered in the Varswater Formation.
# Justine Germo Nzweundji

Dr. Justine Germo Nzweundji is a plant biotechnologist from Cameroon. She is the president of the Cameroon Academy of Young Scientists, and was a 2011 fellow of the L'Oréal-UNESCO For Women in Science Awards.

## Education

Nzweundji received her doctorate from the University of Yaoundé. During her studies, she also conducted research at the University of Florida Tropical Research and Educational Center and at Alabama A&M University between 2011 and 2013. Her work abroad from Cameroon was supported in part by a L'Oréal-UNESCO For Women in Science fellowship.
Nzweundji's doctoral thesis was on the topic on Prunus africana, a tree which is harvested for medicinal products made from its bark. In addition to its long history in traditional medicine, it may potentially be used as part of a treatment for prostate cancer. Nzweundji worked on developing a technique to harvest sustainably, providing long-term income for the local community while maintaining a healthy tree population. Over-exploitation is a threat to the trees in the wild, so for large industrial projects Nzweundji has considered the use of in-vitro production to preserve as many live trees as possible.

## Career

In 2022 Nzweundji received the University of Michigan African Presidential Scholars (UMAPS) for a project on Science policy. Nzweundji 2018, accepted a postdoctoral fellowship to work at Hochschule Geisenheim University. She currently works at the Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies/Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation in Cameroon. She began working there during her studies and returned after research projects abroad. She continues to investigate Prunus africana.
Nzweundji has participated in international science forums. She is keen to engage and mentor other young scientists and took on the role of president for the Cameroon Academy of Young Scientists. She organises public speaking events to foster science communication and outreach based on the "Three-minute thesis" format.
Nzweundji is also sits on the steering committee for the International Network for Government Science Advice (INGSA) Africa since 2016. Nzweundji has collaborated with international researchers to discuss scholarly communication, as well as inequities in research and how they are exacerbated by COVID-19.

## Awards and honours

* 2016 National finalist for "ma thèse en 180 secondes" in Cameroon.
* 2015 Junior researcher prize at the Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies.
* 2011 Fellow of the L'Oréal-UNESCO For Women in Science Awards.
* 2022 Fellow of the University of Michigan African Presidential Scholars (UMAPS)
# Peters Canyon Wash

Peters Canyon Wash is a tributary of San Diego Creek in central Orange County in the U.S. state of California.

## Background

About 11.8 miles (19.0 km) long north-south, the wash, now mostly channelized, flows in a relatively straight course southwest from the 55-acre (0.22 km$^2$) Peters Canyon Reservoir near the Orange/Tustin borderline to its confluence with San Diego Creek near the Irvine Civic Center Plaza. Less than 5 miles (8.0 km) below this confluence, San Diego Creek empties into Upper Newport Bay. The largest tributary of Peters Canyon is the Santa Ana Gardens Channel [ceb] (not to be confused with the Santa Ana-Delhi Channel [ceb], which flows directly into Upper Newport Bay.)

## Gallery

* Map of San Diego Creek watershed with Peters Canyon Wash subwatershed highlighted
# Nowa Wieś-Zamek

Nowa Wieś-Zamek is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zbąszyń, within Nowy Tomyśl County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south of Zbąszyń, 21 km (13 mi) south-west of Nowy Tomyśl, and 73 km (45 mi) west of the regional capital Poznań.
# Parzęczew, Greater Poland Voivodeship

Parzęczew is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jaraczewo, within Jarocin County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) east of Jaraczewo, 9 km (6 mi) west of Jarocin, and 60 km (37 mi) south-east of the regional capital Poznań.
# Karianne Bjellånes

Karianne Gåsland Bjellånes (born 9 August 1986 in Mo i Rana, Helgeland) is a Norwegian cross-country skier. She represents Henning SL, and lives in Trondheim.
She made her World Cup debut in March 2007 in Drammen, and collected her first World Cup points in that race with a 27th place. She finished among the top fifteen for the first time in February 2008 in Stockholm, with a 13th place; and finished eleventh in March 2008 in Drammen.

## Cross-country skiing results

All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).

### World Cup
#### Season standings

| Season | Age | Discipline standings | Discipline standings | Discipline standings | Ski Tour standings | Ski Tour standings | Ski Tour standings |
| Season | Age | Overall | Distance | Sprint | Nordic Opening | Tour de Ski | World Cup Final |
| 2007 | 20 | 107 | — | 78 | — | — | — |
| 2008 | 21 | 52 | NC | 36 | — | — | — |
| 2009 | 22 | 114 | — | 76 | — | — | — |
| 2010 | 23 | 51 | — | 21 | — | — | — |
| 2011 | 24 | NC | — | NC | — | — | — |
# Abdulkhamid Akhilgov

Abdulkhamid Khuseynovich Akhilgov (Russian: Абдулхамид Хусейнович Ахильгов; born 31 August 1980) is a Russian former professional football player.

## Club career

He made his Russian Football National League debut for FC Angusht Nazran on 26 March 2006 in a game against FC Terek Grozny. He played one more season in the FNL for Angusht.
# 2014 in philosophy

2014 in philosophy

## Events

* July 16-19 - The Charles S. Pierce International Centennial Congress was held at the University of Massachusetts Lowell in commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the death of Charles Sanders Peirce. According to the Charles S. Peirce Foundation, "the aim of the Centennial Congress is to advance scholarship on all aspects of Peirce's thought and biography, and to investigate the relevance and potential of his philosophy for the 21st century - for contemporary philosophical debates and beyond".
* September 25-27 - Faith and Reason: Themes from Swinburne was held at Purdue University in celebration of the life and works of Richard Swinburne. Various philosophers presented in the conference, some of whom include: Alvin Plantinga, Dean Zimmerman, Eleonore Stump, Laura Ekstrom, Marilyn McCord Adams, Nicholas Wolterstorff, Paul Draper and Peter van Inwagen.

## Publications

* Louis Althusser - On The Reproduction Of Capitalism: Ideology And Ideological State Apparatuses
* Diego Bubbio- Sacrifice in the Post-Kantian Tradition
* Sam Harris - Waking Up: A Guide to Spirituality Without Religion
* Robert L. Holmes - Basic Moral Philosophy (Cengage Learning)
* Lee Smolin & Roberto Mangabeira Unger - The Singular Universe and the Reality of Time
* Peter Sloterdijk - Globes: Spheres Volume II: Macrospherology
* Peter Unger, Empty Ideas: A Critique of Analytic Philosophy (Oxford University Press)
* Valtteri Viljanen - Spinoza's Geometry of Power

## Deaths

* January 5 - E. J. Lowe (born 1950)
* February 16 - Israel Scheffler (born 1923)
* March 5 - Luis Villoro (born 1922)
* March 14 - Ted Cohen (born unknown)
* April 21 - James Higginbotham (born 1941)
* May 13 - David Malet Armstrong (born 1926)
* October 2 - Fred Sommers (born 1923)
* November 17 - Patrick Suppes (born 1922)
* December 3 - Nathaniel Branden (born 1930)
# Pickering Creek

Pickering Creek is a 15.3-mile-long (24.6 km) tributary of the Schuylkill River in Chester County, Pennsylvania.
Pickering Creek's source is located in Upper Uwchlan Township, close to the intersection of Pottstown Pike (Pennsylvania Route 100) and Graphite Mine Road, near Eagle, Pennsylvania. It flows through West Pikeland Township, East Pikeland Township, Charlestown Township, and Schuylkill Township.
The creek's tributaries include Pine Creek and Pigeon Run. It is impounded to form the Pickering Creek Reservoir in Schuylkill Township, near the borough of Phoenixville, just above the creek's confluence with the Schuylkill River.
The Pickering Creek Trail follows the creek for part of its length. The Pickering Valley Railroad formerly ran in the valley as well.
# George Brouwer

George Brouwer was the Ombudsman for the state Victoria for a decade He was appointed to the position in 2004. His term expired in March 2014, and he was succeeded by Deborah Glass. Concurrently with work as Ombudsman, Brouwer was also head of Victoria's Office of Police Integrity.
Mr Brouwer was educated at Aloysius College (Netherlands), Xavier College (Victoria), University of Melbourne and Australian National University.
Mr Brouwer has the following qualifications:
* Master of Laws (Australian National University)
* Bachelor of Laws (University of Melbourne)
* Bachelor of Arts (Hons) (University of Melbourne)
* Graduate of the École Nationale d’Administration (Paris)
* Barrister (Non-practising) (Supreme Court, NSW and ACT; High Court of Australia).
Mr Brouwer has over thirty years experience working in federal and state public service including head of statutory authorities and abroad giving him experience in public policy, strategic development, and change management at senior executive and chief executive levels.
Mr Brouwer has worked in the Commonwealth Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet under Harold Holt, John McEwen, William McMahon, John Gorton, Gough Whitlam and Malcolm Fraser.
At State level, Mr Brouwer has worked as Chief Executive in the Victorian Department of Premier and Cabinet under John Cain and Joan Kirner, and in the Department of Business and Employment under Jeff Kennett.
# Askold Ivantchik

Askold Igorevich Ivantchik (Russian: Аско́льд И́горевич Ива́нчик; born 2 May 1965) is a Russian historian. Receiving his Ph.D. in history in 1996, Ivantchik was made a Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2003 and is Professor of History at Moscow State University. Since 2009 he has been editor-in-chief of the Journal of Ancient History. Ivantchik specializes in the study of the ancient Eurasian steppe nomads such as the Cimmerians and Scythians. From 2017 he has been an editor-in-chief of the Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia and foreign Corresponding Member of the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres.
# Jan Egil Andresen

Jan Egil Andresen (born 25 September 1978) is a Norwegian cross-country skier, born in Mo i Rana. He competed at the Winter Olympics in Turin in 2006, placing 27th in the 30 km and 41st in the 50 km.

## Cross-country skiing results

All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).

### Olympic Games

| Year | Age | 15 km  individual | 30 km  skiathlon | 50 km  mass start | Sprint | 4 × 10 km  relay | Team  sprint |
| 2006 | 27 | — | 27 | 41 | — | — | — |

### World Championships

| Year | Age | 15 km  individual | 30 km  skiathlon | 50 km  mass start | Sprint | 4 × 10 km  relay | Team  sprint |
| 2005 | 26 | 29 | — | — | — | — | — |

### World Cup
#### Season standings

| Season | Age |
| Season | Age | Overall | Distance | Long Distance | Middle Distance | Sprint |
| 2000 | 21 | NC | — | — | — | NC |
| 2002 | 23 | 117 | — | — | — | — |
| 2003 | 24 | 117 | — | — | — | NC |
| 2004 | 25 | 107 | 68 | — | — | — |
| 2005 | 26 | 73 | 46 | — | — | — |
| 2006 | 27 | 72 | 49 | — | — | — |
# Cho Pak

Cho Pak (Korean: 조박; Hanja: 趙璞; 1356 – December 22, 1408) was a Korean civil official during the late Goryeo and early Joseon era. The brother-in-law of King Taejong, Cho was a contributor to the founding of the Joseon dynasty.

## Biography

Cho Pak was born in 1356 as a member of the Pyongyang Cho clan. Cho was the son of Cho Sagyŏm (조사겸; 趙思謙), who served as chŏnŭiryŏng (전의령; 典儀令). Cho Pak's art name was Ujŏng and his courtesy name was Ansŏk. In 1382, Cho passed the literary examination.
As the brother-in-law of Yi Pangwŏn, son of Yi Sŏnggye, Cho Pak was a supporter of Yi Sŏnggye and his ambitions. As a result, Chŏng Mong-ju, Yi's political rival, demoted Cho to the post of magistrate of Cheongju. On April 23, 1392, Cho was stripped of his post as magistrate and exiled. However, Chŏng was killed and Yi Sŏnggye was able to found the new Joseon dynasty. As a reward for his contributions, Cho was awarded Dynasty Founding Merit Subject First Class (개국공신 1등), given the office of Minister of Rites (예조 전서; 禮曹 典書; yejo chŏnsŏ), and enfeoffed as the Lord of Pyeongwon (평원군; 平原君). A month after the founding of the new dynasty, Cho was also given the post of surveillance commissioner of Yanggwang Province (양광도 안렴사; 楊廣道 按廉使; Yanggwang annyŏmsa). In 1394, he was appointed as the governor of Jeolla province. However, on March 8, 1395, he was jailed in Gongju for his failure to conduct a head count of the provincial army. He was pardoned on April 10.
In 1398, Cho was appointed as inspector-general (대사헌; 大司憲; taesahŏn). He helped his in-law, prince Yi Pangwŏn, to triumph in the First Strife of the Princes and was made a merit subject. In 1400, he was exiled to Icheon for false accusations against Cho Chun. However, in the same year, he was recalled from exile and given the post of assistant grand councilor of the Chancellery (참찬문하부사; 參贊門下府事; ch'amch'an munhabu sa). In 1401, Yi Pangwŏn, now King Taejong, made Cho a merit subject for his achievements in bringing Taejong to the throne. In 1408, he was appointed the Minister of Taxation (호조판서; 戶曹判書; hojo pansŏ) and the provincial garrison commander of Tongbungmyŏn (동북면도제찰사; 東北面都體察使; Tongbungmyŏn to chech'alsa). On December 22, 1408, Cho Pak died.
# Li Hui (wrestler)

Li Hui (simplified Chinese: 李绘; traditional Chinese: 李繪; pinyin: Lǐ Huì; born March 25, 1985, in Guangxi) is a female Chinese freestyle wrestler who competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics.
She finished ninth in the 48 kg freestyle competition.
# Caged Collision

Caged Collision was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by Ring of Honor (ROH). It took place on January 31, 2009, at the Frontier Fieldhouse in Chicago Ridge, Illinois, and aired on pay-per-view on April 17, 2009. Nine matches took place the event's card, with seven that aired on the broadcast.

## Results

| No. | Results | Stipulations | Times |
| Dark | The Ring Side Review (Gavin Star and Keith Creme) defeated Erin Scott and Andrew Ridgeway | Tag team match | 04:34 |
| Dark | Egotistico Fantastico defeated Derrick St. Holmes | Singles match | 03:35 |
| 1 | Alex Payne defeated Kenny King and Silas Young | Three-way match | 07:11 |
| 2 | Claudio Castagnoli defeated Kevin Steen | Singles match | 09:05 |
| 3 | Grizzly Redwood defeated Rhett Titus | Singles match | 04:50 |
| 4 | Jerry Lynn and Necro Butcher defeated The Age of the Fall (Brodie Lee and Delirious) (with Jimmy Jacobs) | Tag team match | 11:39 |
| 5 | Tyler Black defeated Austin Aries, Bryan Danielson and Jimmy Jacobs | Four Corner Survival match for a future ROH World Championship match | 19:51 |
| 6 | Nigel McGuinness (c) defeated El Generico by submission | Singles match for the ROH World Championship | 17:06 |
| 7 | Ace Steel, Brent Albright, Erick Stevens, Jay Briscoe and Roderick Strong defeated Sweet & Sour Inc. (Adam Pearce, Bobby Dempsey, Davey Richards, Eddie Edwards and Tank Toland) (with Larry Sweeney) | Steel Cage Warfare | 17:24 |
| (c) – refers to the champion heading into the match ||||