OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# List of city nicknames in Pennsylvania

This partial list of city nicknames in Pennsylvania compiles the aliases, sobriquets and slogans that cities, boroughs, and towns in Pennsylvania are known by (or have been known by historically), officially and unofficially, to municipal governments, local people, outsiders or their tourism boards or chambers of commerce. City nicknames can help in establishing a civic identity, helping outsiders recognize a community or attracting people to a community because of its nickname; promote civic pride; and build community unity.
Nicknames and slogans that successfully create a new community "ideology or myth" are also believed to have economic value. Their economic value is difficult to measure, but there are anecdotal reports of cities that have achieved substantial economic benefits by "branding" themselves by adopting new slogans.
Some unofficial nicknames are positive, while others are derisive. Many of the unofficial nicknames listed here have been in use for a long time or have gained wide currency.
* Allentown
** A Town
** Band City USA
** Peanut City
** Silk City
** The Queen City
** Truck Capital of the World
* Bethlehem
** Christmas City U.S.A.
* Erie
** The Flagship City
** The Gem City
* Hanover
** Snack capital of the world
* Hershey
** Chocolate capital of the world
** Chocolate Town
** The sweetest place on Earth
* Indiana
** Christmas tree capital of the world
* Johnstown
** Flood City
** The Friendly City
* Lancaster
** The Red Rose City
* 'New Castle'
** Fireworks Capital
* Philadelphia
** Filthadelphia or Filthydelphia
** Killadelphia
** Philly
** The City of Brotherly Love
** The Great Fighting City of Philadelphia
** The Place That Loves You Back
* Pittsburgh
** Birmingham of America
** The 'Burgh
** The City of Bridges
** City of champions
** Iron City
** Shitsburgh
** Steel City
** The Smoky City
* Punxsutawney
** Weather capital of the world
* Reading
** Baseballtown
** Pretzel capital of the world
** Pretzel City
* Scranton
** The Electric City
** The Anthracite Capital of the world
** The All America City
** Steamtown
* State College
** Happy Valley
* Wilkes-Barre
** Diamond City
* York
** The White Rose City
# Vasudeo Narayan Sarmalkar

Vasudeo Narayan Sarmalkar (unknown – 29 November 1973) also known as Anna Sarmalkar, was an Indian politician who was a former member of the Goa Legislative Assembly representing the Margao Assembly constituency from 1963 to 1972 and Benaulim Assembly constituency from 1972 to 1973. He was a member of the United Goans Party.

## Early and personal life

Vasudeo Narayan Sarmalkar hailed from Bardez, Goa. He has a son, Jyoti.
# Giovan Battista Ludovisi

Giovanni/Giovan Battista Ludovisi (John Baptist Ludovisi) (1647 - 24 August 1699), 3rd Duke of Fiano and Zagarolo, was the Prince of Piombino, Marquis of Populonia, Prince of Venosa and Count of Conza, Lord di Scarlino, Populonia, Vignale, Abbadia del Fango, Suvereto, Buriano, Cerboli e Palmaiolan, and Lord prince of the Tuscan Archipelago including the islands of Elba, Montecristo, Pianosa, Gorgona, Capraia, and Isola del Giglio, serving from 25 December 1664 until his death in 1699.

## Life

Giovan Battista Ludovisi was the son and heir of Niccolò I Ludovisi and his third wife Costanza Pamphili, sister of Vatican cardinal Camillo Pamphili. He had four sisters, Lavinia (wife of Girolamo Acquaviva, Duke of Atri), Olimpia, Ippolita and Nicolina. Giovan inherited his parents' domains the Ludovisi de Candia and the Pamphili, including the Principality of Piombino on 1 September 1665. In 1690 he sold the Duchy of Fiano to the Ottoboni family of Venice.
Giovan married in 1669 to Mary of the House of Montcada, daughter of William Ramon de Moncada, Marquis of Aytona. Mary died in Rome in 1694 without leaving children.
In 1697, Giovan married a second time to Anna Maria Arduino, Furnari dei Notarbartolo. From his marriage to Arduino, they produced one son, Niccolò II Maria Domenico Ludovisi born c.1698, and who died in 1699 at the age of one.
After his death, the principality succession fell to his young son under the regency of his widow, and a few months later after his son died, it was passed on to his sister Olimpia as Princess of Piombino.
# Boncompagni

The House of Boncompagni is a princely family of the Italian nobility which settled in Bologna in around the 14th century, but was probably originally from Umbria.
In 1572 Ugo Boncompagni was elected pope, taking the name Gregory XIII, and the family prospered. In 1579, the pope bought the Duchy of Sora from the Della rovere family for his son Giacomo, whose descendants reigned there as dukes until 1796. Later they also obtained the Principality of Piombino, following the marriage of Gregorio II Boncompagni with Ippolita Ludovisi, princess of Piombino and last of her dynasty. They reigned over Piombino as Boncompagni-Ludovisi, until Antonio II Boncompagni Ludovisi was deposed as Prince of Piombino in 1801; the heads of the family, though no longer reigning, continued to be known as "Prince [forenames] Boncompagni Ludovisi" as of 2023.

## History

The Bolognese family, perhaps originally from Umbria, rose socially with the marriage of Cristoforo Boncompagni (1470 - 1546) to the noble Angela Marescalchi. In 1572 Ugo Boncompagni, son of Cristoforo and Angela, was elected Pope Gregory XIII, the 226th pope of the Catholic Church, followed by increased power and prestige of the family.
Many family members obtained important positions in the Church; five were created cardinals: Filippo (1548 - 1586), Francesco (1592 - 1641), Girolamo (1622 - 1684), Giacomo (1652 - 1731), Ignazio Gaetano (1743 - 1790); of these, among other posts, one was Archbishop of Naples and two were Archbishops of Bologna, while another was also Secretary of State of the Holy See.
Gregorio II Boncompagni was lord of Piombino from 1706 to 1707.
The family later merged with the Ludovisi family.
The princes Boncompagni-Ludovisi inherited a large (30 hectare) estate in Rome with vast collections of art; in 1883 they subdivided it and sold most of it, retaining and living in what became known as the Casino di Villa Boncompagni Ludovisi or Villa Aurora, which remained in the family until 2023, when it was put up for auction. The 19th century mathematician Baldassarre Boncompagni-Ludovisi was a member of the family.
Prince Francesco Boncompagni Ludovisi (1886-1955) was Governor of Rome from 1928 to 1935. Prince Nicolò Boncompagni Ludovisi died in 2018, leaving three sons.
# Babu Naik

Ananth Narcinva "Babu" Naik was an Indian politician and businessman who served as a five-term member of the Goa, Daman and Diu Legislative Assembly (later the Goa Legislative Assembly), representing the Margao Assembly constituency from 1967 to 1984, and lastly from 1989 to 1994. He established the PANNaik Group in 1985.
# Shahrak-e Emam Hasan-e Mojtaba

Shahrak-e Emam Hasan-e Mojtaba (Persian: شهرك امام حسن مجتبي) is a neighborhood in the city of Kahrizak in Kahrizak District of Ray County, Tehran province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, Shahrak-e Emam Hasan-e Mojtaba's population was 5,394 in 1,275 households, when it was a village in Kahrizak Rural District. The following census in 2011 counted 5,403 people in 1,352 households.
The village was annexed by the city of Kahrizak in 2023.
# In Your Dreams (2013 TV series)

In Your Dreams (also known as Sommer Deines Lebens) is an Australian children's drama television series that was first screened on the Seven Network's digital channel 7TWO from 22 November 2013 to 27 December 2013. A second season, known as In Your Dreams 2, was screened from 15 June 2014. The series is a Southern Star Entertainment Production for NDR Germany and the Seven Network Australia.

## Synopsis

Australian teenaged twins, Samantha and Benjamin Hazelton, spend the summer with their eccentric, aristocratic relatives, the von Hasenburg family, who live in the remote German Schoneburg Castle. The family fortune has dwindled to almost nothing, so Sam and Ben must help them save the castle and turn their fortunes around before bankruptcy descends and centuries of von Hassenburg entitlement come to an end.

## Cast

* Tessa de Josselin as Sam
* David Delmenico as Ben
* Jörn Knebel as Baron Philipp
* Lars Kokemüller as Marcus
* Soma Alusia Pysall as Lili
* Kendra Appleton as Sophie
* Bardiya McKinnon as Jack
* Raechelle Banno as Courtney
* Mia Morrissey as Lucy
* Patrick Phillips as Rude File Clerk
* Anna-Lena Schwing as Mia
# Alec Gallimore

Alec Damian Gallimore is an American aerospace engineer who has been serving as provost of Duke University since July 2023. Previously at the University of Michigan, he served as the 15th dean of engineering from 2016 to 2023 and a faculty member since 1992.

## Early life and education

Gallimore was born in Washington, D.C., to Jamaican immigrant parents Kathleen and Lascelles Gallimore but raised in Harrington Park, New Jersey, US.
Gallimore received a Bachelor of Science with a major in aeronautical engineering from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1986. He received a Master of Arts in 1988 and a Doctor of Philosophy in 1992, both in aerospace engineering and from Princeton University.

## Career

Following his undergraduate degree, Gallimore was one of forty engineering and science college students selected to participate in a summer program at the NASA Lewis Research Center. Following his PhD, Gallimore intended on pursuing a career with NASA but was informed he needed more experience. As a result, he chose to join the faculty at the University of Michigan College of Engineering to improve his public speaking. Upon joining the faculty, Gallimore founded the Plasmadynamics and Electric Propulsion Laboratory. He originally intended to return to NASA after five years of teaching but chose to pursue a career in academia instead. From 2005 to 2011, Gallimore served as an associate dean at the Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studies and from 2011 to 2013 he was the associate dean for research and graduate education.
As founding director of the Plasmadynamics and Electric Propulsion Laboratory (PEPL), Gallimore focused his research on electric propulsion, plasma diagnostics, space plasma simulation, electrode physics, nano-particle energetics, and hypersonic aerodynamics’ interaction with plasma. The PEPL was originally interested in improving and enhancing the Large Vacuum Test Facility (LVTF), a 20 by 30-foot vacuum chamber, and a small standalone vacuum antechamber. In 2015, the laboratory designed an X3 Nested-Channel Hall Thruster to be used in NASA's Next Space Technologies for Exploration Partnerships (NextSTEP).
Beyond his efforts in the PEPL, Gallimore served as director for the NASA Michigan Space Grant Consortium and for the Michigan/Air Force Center of Excellence in Electric Propulsion. In February 2016, Gallimore was named the next Robert J. Vlasic Dean of Engineering from July 1, 2016, through June 30, 2021. While serving in this role, he was elected to the National Academy of Engineering for "advanced spacecraft electric propulsion, especially Hall thruster technology." In 2020, Gallimore was presented with the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Wyld Propulsion Award for his "groundbreaking achievements and leadership in technology and workforce development that have contributed significantly to increased utilization of spacecraft electric propulsion systems."
On March 24, 2023, it was announced Gallimore would become Provost of Duke University. In his capacity of provost, Gallimore is ex officio chair of the Duke Kunshan University board of trustees.
# Willard Bridge

The Willard Bridge is an automobile crossing of the Kansas River at Willard, Kansas. The bridge was constructed by Frisbie Bridge Company of Topeka, Kansas, and opened in 1955 and rehabilitated in 1983. The bridge was demolished in October 2017 and rebuilt in August 2017.
The bridge connects nearby Rossville with Interstate 70. The bridge runs from West 1st Street in Willard to just over the Kansas River.
# Teleflora

Teleflora is a floral wire service company which brokers orders to local florists for delivery. It has been a subsidiary of The Wonderful Company since 1979.

## History

Headquartered in Los Angeles, California, Teleflora, LLC is a clearinghouse for transmitting and processing floral orders to customers throughout the United States and internationally. Teleflora, LLC was formerly known as Telegraph Delivery Service and was founded in 1934 by Edwin S. Douglas. Privately owned since 1979 by Lynda Resnick and Stewart Resnick, husband and wife, the company has 3,000 employees worldwide in 20 countries.
In 2013, Teleflora acquired Toronto-based Flowerbuyer.com, a company with more than 2,500 active customers.

### Advertising

Teleflora ran an advertisement during the 2011 Super Bowl featuring Faith Hill; in the advertisement, a man sends flowers to his girlfriend with the message "Dear Kim, your rack is unreal". Unfortunately, his love letter is a "bust." Teleflora's partnership with Faith Hill included a new collection of flower arrangements for Valentine's Day 2011.
In 2012, Teleflora ran a similar Super Bowl campaign, this time with model Adriana Lima. A 2022 advertisement features Mrs. Claus. Another ad campaign shows a teacher receiving flowers from a student.
# Micharzewo

Micharzewo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wągrowiec, within Wągrowiec County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north-east of Wągrowiec and 54 km (34 mi) north-east of the regional capital Poznań.
# Arsène Darmesteter

Arsène Darmesteter (5 January 1846 – 16 November 1888) was a distinguished French philologist and man of letters.

## Biography

He studied under Gaston Paris at the École pratique des hautes études, and became professor of Old French language and literature at the Sorbonne, where he met his wife, the painter Héléna Hartog. His Life of Words appeared in English in 1888. He also collaborated with Adolphe Hatzfeld in a Dictionnaire général de la langue française (2 vols., 1895–1900). Among his most important work was the elucidation of Old French by means of the many glosses in the medieval writings of Rashi and other French Jews.
His scattered papers on Romance and Jewish philology were collected by James Darmesteter as Arsène Darmesteter, reliques scientifiques (2 vols., 1890). His valuable Cours de grammaire historique de la langue française was edited after his death by E. Muret and L. Sudre (1891–1895; English edition, 1902).
# Gruissan

Gruissan (French pronunciation: ; Occitan: Grussan) is a commune in the Aude department in southern France. The historian Émile Raunié (1854–1911) was born in Gruissan.

## The town

Situated on the Mediterranean coast of Southern France, Gruissan is situated in the Parc naturel régional de la Narbonnaise en Méditerranée. Traditionally a fishing village, the circular town is built around the former castle; a 10th-century château of which only the Tour Barberousse (Redbeard Tower) remains.
# Ahamus yunnanensis

Ahamus yunnanensis is a species of moth of the family Hepialidae. It was described by D.R. Yang, C.D. Li and C. Shen in 1992, and is known from Yunnan, China, from which its species epithet is derived.
# Poi (dessert)

Poi is a traditional Samoan dessert made from mashing fruit into a smooth consistency and mixing in coconut milk and other flavourings.

## Preparation

Poi is traditionally prepared from bananas. Ripe bananas are peeled and added to a bowl with the addition of water. The bananas are kneaded along with the water with the hands until it resembled a smooth paste, with coconut cream mixed in. The Poi was served in cups made from coconut shells.
In a modern preparation, bananas are blended together along with cold water or ice, coconut milk and flavourings such as vanilla, lemon, lime or sugar in a mechanical blender into a smooth paste, poured into bowls or glasses and left to chill in a fridge for a few hours. Other fruits can replace bananas for poi in a recipe, such as mango which is known as Poi mago.
While Poi is similar to other Samoan desserts such as sua fa'i and supo esi, it differs from them as it isn’t thickened by starch and is eaten chilled, not hot.
# Dave Schneck

David Lee Schneck (born June 18, 1949) is an American former Major League Baseball outfielder. He played parts of three seasons, from 1972 until 1974, with the New York Mets.

## Early life

Schneck was born in Allentown, Pennsylvania, on June 18, 1949. He graduated from Whitehall High School, where he was a pitcher.
In 1967, Schneck was drafted as a pitcher by the New York Mets, but he did not begin his professional career until 1968 due to a shoulder injury. He was converted into an outfielder, and he started 1968 with the rookie class Marion Mets.
At age 19, he was drafted into the United States Army and served 14 months in the Vietnam War.

## Major League Baseball

After missing the 1969 and 1970 seasons while serving in the Army, Schneck continued to progress through the minor leagues until 1972, when he made his Major League Baseball debut.

### New York Mets

In 1974, after spending most of 1973 back in the minor leagues with the Tidewater Tides, Schneck received a long shot at the major league in 1974. He played 93 games with the New York Mets that season, batting .205 with 5 home runs. However, that proved to be the end of his Major League career.
Schneck went 2–11 at the plate on September 11, 1974, during a 25 inning marathon night game against the St. Louis Cardinals. Those 11 at bats tied a Major League record for most at bats in a game.

### Philadelphia Phillies and Cincinnati Reds

On December 3, 1974, Schneck, Tug McGraw, and Don Hahn were traded to the Philadelphia Phillies by the Mets for Del Unser, John Stearns, and Mac Scarce at the Winter Meetings.
He started the 1975 season with their top farm club, the Toledo Mud Hens, and on August 5 he was traded to the Cincinnati Reds for John Vukovich. He played with their top farm team, the Indianapolis Indians, until the end of the 1976 season. During that offseason, he was traded again, this time to the Chicago Cubs, for outfielder Champ Summers. After playing one more season in the minors, for the Wichita Aeros, Schneck retired. Schneck currently owns a company known as Schneck Waterproofing in Northampton, Pennsylvania.
# S. Ramanathan (musician)

S. Ramanathan (1917-1988) was a Carnatic music singer and musicologist. He was awarded the Sangeetha Kalanidhi title in 1985 by Madras Music Academy.
He learned music from Tiger Varadachariar, Sabesa Iyer, Ponniah Pillai, and Sathur Krishna Iyengar. Post this, he also trained under Vidwan Valadi Krishnaiyer known as "Kirthana Kutir" - Granary of Kirthanas for vocal music and Devakottai Narayana Iyengar for the veena and acquired proficiency in both fields.
He received a Ph.D. in ethnomusicology from Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut, where he also taught.
He had disciples who have carved names for themselves such as P. Unnikrishnan, S. Sowmya, Savithri Sathyamurthy, Anuradha Subramanian, Seetha Narayanan, Vasumathi Nagarajan, Sukanya Raghunathan (veena), his daughter Geetha Ramanathan Bennett (veena player and a renowned short story writer in Tamil) and her husband Frank Bennett, Vidya Hariharan (veena and vocal), Thiagarajan/Raju (Vocal), Banumathy Raghuraman (veena), Latha Radhakrishnan (violin and vocal), Padma Gadiyar (veena), Vanathy Raghuraman (Vocal), and the Krishnan Sisters (Padmapriya (veena and vocal), Harini (vocal) and Subhapriya (vocal).
He also has composed many varnams and kritis, which have been popularized by his disciples. The American ethnomusicologist David Nelson studied with him.
In 1981 Ramanathan released an album of Carnatic music, Navagraha Krtis (The 9 Planets), Cāturdaṡa Rāgamālika (The 14 Worlds) and Srī Gurunā: By Muttuswāmī Dīkṣitar (1775-1835), on Folkways Records.
# Linde (surname)

Linde is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Ann Linde (born 1961), Swedish foreign minister
* Andrei Linde, Russian physicist
* Bo Linde, Swedish composer
* Carl von Linde, German engineer
* Dennis Linde, American songwriter
* Elmarie Linde, South African politician
* George Linde, South African cricketer
* Hans-Martin Linde, flute and recorder player
* Hans A. Linde, American justice from Oregon
* Iluta Linde (born 1972), Latvian curler
* Johan Linde, Australian boxer
* Klaus Linde, German alternative medicine researcher
* Leif Linde (born 1955), Swedish politician
* Marie Linde (1894–1963), South African author
* Peter Linde, Swedish sculptor
* Samuel Linde (1771-1847), German-Polish lexicographer
* Steve Linde (born 1960), newspaperman
# Gyranthera caribensis

Gyranthera caribensis is a rainforest tree in the Amazon forest of southern Venezuela. Traditionally placed in the Baobab Family (Bombacaceae), which is now a subfamily of the Mallow Family (Malvaceae). One individual called "El Pie Grande" ("Bigfoot") near Orgueta, Venezuela, has a diameter at breast height (DBH) of 18 ft 6in (17.12 meters girth), possibly the thickest presently living in the Amazon Basin.
The tree was described by the botanist Henri François Pittier in 1921.
# Jian'ou dialect

The Jian'ou dialect (Northern Min: Gṳ̿ing-é-dī / 建甌事; Chinese: simplified Chinese: 建瓯话; traditional Chinese: 建甌話; pinyin: Jiàn'ōuhuà), also known as Kienow dialect, is a local dialect of Northern Min Chinese spoken in Jian'ou in northern Fujian province. It is regarded as the standard common language in Jian'ou.

## Phonetics and phonology

According to The Eight Tones of Kien-chou (建州八音), a rime dictionary published in 1795, the Jian'ou dialect had 15 initials, 34 rimes and 7 tones in the 18th century, however there are only 6 tones in the modern dialect as the "light level" (陽平) tone has disappeared.

### Initials

Initials of the Jian'ou dialect :
| | | Bilabial | Alveolar | Velar | Glottal |
| Nasal | Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |
| Plosive | voiceless unaspirated | p | t | k | ʔ |
| Plosive | voiceless aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | kʰ | |
| Affricate | voiceless unaspirated | | ts | | |
| Affricate | voiceless aspirated | | tsʰ | | |
| Fricative | Fricative | | s | x | |
| Approximant | Approximant | | l | | |

### Rimes

Rimes of the Jian'ou dialect :
| | Open syllable | Open syllable | Open syllable | Open syllable | Open syllable | Open syllable | Open syllable | Open syllable | Open syllable | Open syllable | Nasal coda | Nasal coda | Nasal coda | Nasal coda | Nasal coda | Nasal coda |
| Open mouth | | a | e | ɛ | œ | ɔ | o | ai | au | | | aŋ | aiŋ | eiŋ | œyŋ | ɔŋ |
| Even mouth | i | ia | | iɛ | | iɔ | | | iau | iu | iŋ | iaŋ | | ieiŋ | | iɔŋ |
| Closed mouth | u | ua | | uɛ | | | | uai | | | uiŋ | uaŋ | uaiŋ | | | uɔŋ |
| Round mouth | y | | | yɛ | | | | | | | yiŋ | | | | | |

### Tones

Jian'ou has four tones, which are reduced to two in checked syllables.
Tone chart of the Jian'ou dialect :
| Tone number | Tone name | Tone contour |
| 1 | level (平聲) | ˥˦ (54) or ˥ (5) |
| 2 | rising (上聲) | ˨˩ (21) or ˩ (1) |
| 3 | dark departing (陰去) | ˨ (2) |
| 4 | light departing (陽去) | ˦ (4) |
| 5 | dark entering (陰入) | ˨˦ (24) |
| 6 | light entering (陽入) | ˦˨ (42) |
The entering tones in the Jian'ou dialect do not have any entering tone coda (入聲韻尾) such as /-ʔ/, /-p̚/, /-t̚/ and /-k̚/ which makes it distinct from many other Chinese varieties.
# Penebel

Penebel is a district (kecamatan) in Tabanan Regency, Bali Province, Indonesia. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 49,637 and covers an area of 141.98 km².

## Geography
### Villages

Penebel District is divided into 18 villages (desa), namely:
* Babahan
* Biaung
* Buruan
* Jatiluwih
* Jegu
* Mengesta
* Penatahan
* Penebel
* Pesagi
* Pitra
* Rejasa
* Rianggede
* Sangketan
* Senganan
* Tajen
* Tegallinggah
* Tengkudak
* Wongaya Gede