OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Benjamin Fitzpatrick

Benjamin Fitzpatrick (June 30, 1802 – November 21, 1869) was an American politician who served as the 11th Governor of Alabama and as a United States Senator from that state. He was a Democrat.

## Early life

Born in Greene County, Georgia, Fitzpatrick was orphaned at the age of seven and was taken by his sister (Celia Fitzpatrick Baldwin) to Alabama in 1815.
Fitzpatrick helped his brothers manage the land they owned on the Alabama River and served as deputy under the first sheriff of Autauga County. He worked in the law office of Nimrod E. Benson before he was admitted to the bar.
Fitzpatrick studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1821, commencing practice in Montgomery, Alabama. Fitzpatrick served as solicitor of the Montgomery circuit from 1822 to 1823 but moved to his plantation in Autauga County in 1829. He engaged in planting.

## Governor of Alabama and Senator for Alabama

Fitzpatrick became Governor of Alabama in 1841 and served until 1845. Later, he was appointed as a Democrat to the U.S. Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Dixon H. Lewis and served from November 25, 1848, to November 30, 1849, when a successor was elected.
He was again appointed on January 14, 1853, and elected on December 12, 1853, to the Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of William R. King, who had been elected Vice President of the United States, and served from January 14, 1853, to March 3, 1855. He served in that Congress as Chairman of the Committee on Printing and the Committee on Engrossed Bills. He was elected to the Senate again to fill the vacancy caused by the failure of the legislature to elect his successor on November 26, 1855. In that role, he served several times as President pro tempore of the Senate.

### Failure of state banks

The country was plagued by economic depression due to the Panic of 1837. Fitzpatrick's predecessor as Governor, Arthur P. Bagby, introduced measures to assist the state banks, but the state legislature rejected most of the measures. All of the state banks were closed by Fitzpatrick.

## Vice presidential nomination

In 1860, Fitzpatrick was nominated for Vice President of the United States by the wing of the Democratic Party that had nominated Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois for president. However, he refused the nomination, and Herschel V. Johnson of Georgia was ultimately nominated. Fitzpatrick withdrew from the Senate on January 21, 1861, following the secession of his home state.

## Confederacy

Fitzpatrick did not take a particularly active role in the politics of the Confederacy, although he served as president of the constitutional convention of Alabama in 1865.

## Family

In 1827, Fitzpatrick married Sarah Terry Elmore, daughter of John Elmore. Their marriage resulted in multiple children, Elmore J., Morris, Phillips, James M., and John A., with Sarah dying in 1839.
Fitzpatrick married his second wife, Aurelia Blassingame, in 1846. Only one child of theirs, Benjamin Jr., survived to adulthood.

## Death

He died on his plantation near Wetumpka, Alabama, on November 21, 1869, aged 67.
# 1508 in France

Events from the year 1508 in France

## Incumbents

* Monarch –Louis XII

## Events

* October 24 – King Louis XII of France convenes court at the Parlement de Normandie building in Rouen.
* December 10 – The League of Cambrai is formed as an alliance against the Republic of Venice, between Pope Julius II, Louis XII of France, Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor and Ferdinand II of Aragon.

## Births

* April 3 – Jean Daurat, French writer and scholar (d. 1588)

### Date unknown

* François Connan, French jurist (d. 1551)
* Lancelot de Carle, Bishop of Riez, scholar, poet and diplomat (d. 1568)
* Gabriel de Luetz, Baron and Lord of Aramon and Vallabrègues, French Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire (d. 1553)
* Jean de Monluc, French clergyman and diplomat (d. 1579)
* Anne de Pisseleu d'Heilly, Chief mistress of Francis I of France (d. 1580)
* Georges de Selve, French scholar, diplomat and ecclesiastic (d. 1541)
* Jérôme Souchier, French Roman Catholic cardinal (d. 1577)

## Deaths

* May 13 – Martial d'Auvergne, French poet (b. 1420)
* June 15 – Bernard Stewart, 3rd Lord of Aubigny, French General, commander of the Garde Écossaise, and diplomat (c. 1452)
* October 10 – Pierre II d'Urfé, French lord (b. unknown)

### Date unknown

* Palamède de Forbin, seigneur of Solliès (b. unknown)
# Joseph Tomlinson (railway engineer)

Joseph Tomlinson (11 November 1823 – 22 April 1894) was a British railway engineer, and executive.

## Life

Joseph Tomlinson was born in London on 11 November 1823. After leaving school in 1837, he joined his father, who was passenger superintendent, at the Stockton and Darlington Railway.
From 1846 to 1852, he was outdoor foreman for J. V. Gooch. In 1851, at the time of the Great Exhibition, he was working for the London and South Western Railway, and often drove the special train which took Prince Albert from Windsor to Waterloo and back, often accompanied by his two sons, the Prince of Wales and Prince Alfred. From 1854 to 1858, Outdoor Superintendent to Matthew Kirtley for the Midland Railway. From 1872 to 1885, he was resident engineer and locomotive superintendent of the Metropolitan Railway.
He was President of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers in 1890 and 1891, and Chairman of the Research Committee on Friction.
He died in West Hampstead on 22 April 1894.
# Thomas Creek Bridge

Thomas Creek Bridge crosses Thomas Creek in Curry County, in the U.S. state of Oregon. It is on U.S. Route 101 and lies within the boundaries of Samuel H. Boardman State Scenic Corridor.
It is a Warren deck truss designed by Ivan D. Merchant. Built in 1961, it has a length of 956 feet (291 m) in total, and a deck width of 30 feet (9.1 m). The longest span is 371 feet (113 m). The bridge is the highest bridge in Oregon, at 345 feet (105 m).
# Chris Bachelder

Chris Bachelder (born 1971) is an American writer and frequent contributor to the publications McSweeney's Quarterly Concern and The Believer.
Born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, he grew up in Christiansburg, Virginia. He attended Virginia Tech (BA, 1992) and the University of Florida at Gainesville (MFA, 2002).
Bachelder has taught fiction writing and literature courses at Colorado College (Assistant Professor), North Carolina Governor's School West, New Mexico State University (Visiting Professor), and The University of Massachusetts Amherst MFA Program for Poets & Writers, along with Sabina Murray, Noy Holland and Anthony Giardina. He has also taught at the Sewanee School of Letters and the Governor's School of North Carolina. He currently teaches at the University of Cincinnati (Associate Professor).
Bachelder's e-book Lessons in Virtual Tour Photography was McSweeney's first career-development e-book. By 2004, more than 45,000 people had downloaded the novel. His most recent novel, The Throwback Special, was published by W.W. Norton and Company in March 2016 and was named as a finalist for the National Book Award.
# 2020 Bulgarian Socialist Party leadership election

Leadership elections within the Bulgarian Socialist Party were held on the 12th of September, 2020, and were the first direct elections in the history of the Bulgarian Socialist Party. They were won by incumbent chairwoman, Korneliya Ninova, in the first round.

## Candidates

The following individuals appeared on the finalised ballot.
| Name | Experience | No. of Nominations | Notes |
| Korneliya Ninova (51) | MP from BSPzB (since 2009) Chairwoman of BSP (since 2016) | 285 | Incumbent |
| Kiril Dobrev (48) | MP from BSPzB (2005–2017) Member of the National Council of BSP (since 2000) Member of the Executive Council of BSP (since 2007) Deputy Chairman of BSP (since 2016) | 144 |
| Krasimir Yankov [bg] (45) | MP from BSPzB (since 2013) Member of the National Council of BSP (since 2012) Leader of BSP-Varna(2011–2013) | 55 | Withdrew his candidacy prior to election day but remained on the ballot. |
| Valeri Zhablyanov [bg] (55) | MP from BSPzB (since 2013) Member of the National Council of BSP | 34 | Withdrew his candidacy prior to election day but remained on the ballot. |
The following candidates were registered as candidates for the election, but withdrew and did not appear on the ballot.
* Georgi Todorov, member of the BSP National Council. Withdrew from the elections on the 10th of September and called for a boycott.
The following candidates submitted documents to participate in the elections, but their candidacy was not approved by the electoral commission due to not fulfilling the party experience requirement.
* Galina Vasileva, BSP activist.
* Irina Mihaylova, BSP activist.
The persons received a substantial number of nominations from the province, community or municipal branches of the Socialist Party, but did not submit their documents in order to run:
* Kaloyan Pargov, leader of BSP-Sofia, received 63 nominations.
* Dragomir Stoynev, MP and vice-chair of the BSPzB Parliamentary Group, received 40 nominations.
* Kostadin Paskalev, former BSP MP and Mayor of Blagoevgrad, received 36 nominations.
* Krum Zarkov, BSP MP and member of the National Council, received 34 nominations.
* Yanaki Stoilov, former BSP MP until 2017, received 23 nominations.

## Results

According to result data published by the BSP Electoral Commission, Ninova won in the first round of the election, gathering around 81.5% of the vote. Further, the elections were deemed as completed due to turnout of registered BSP members exceeding 50%.
| Candidate | Votes | % |
| Korneliya Ninova | 43,222 | 81.54 |
| Kiril Dobrev | 7,910 | 14.92 |
| Krasimir Yankov | 1,117 | 2.11 |
| Valeri Zhablyanov | 760 | 1.43 |
| Total | 53,009 | 100.00 |
| Valid votes | 53,009 | 98.59 |
| Invalid/blank votes | 760 | 1.41 |
| Total votes | 53,769 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | 80,214 | 67.03 |
| Source: NOVA, Free Europe Baricada |||

## Aftermath

On the 14th of September, Emil Voynov, head of the BSP Electoral Commission, announced the final results of the vote, and accredited Ninova as the elected chairwoman of the party.
# Multimatic

Multimatic Inc. is a privately held Canadian corporation that supplies components, systems and engineering services to the global automotive industry. Headquartered in Markham, Ontario, Multimatic has manufacturing divisions and engineering facilities in North America, Europe and Asia. Multimatic was ranked 93 on the Automotive News 2019 Top 100 Global OEM Parts Suppliers list and 56 in their list of the largest suppliers to North America, ranked by sales of original equipment parts in 2018.
Multimatic engineered and constructed the carbon chassis and suspension systems for the RUF CTR3, and Aston Martin One-77, and was Ford's build partner for the third-generation Ford GT. Multimatic also manufactures the lightweight carbon-fibre Monocoque for the Aston Martin Valkyrie. The company has also provided input on the Aston Martin V12 Zagato, Aston Martin CC100, and Aston Martin Vulcan models.

## Organization

Multimatic Inc. is organized into five operating groups that make up the structure of the corporation.
* Multimatic Engineering supports the manufacturing duties within the company.
* Multimatic Mechanisms produces systems including aerodynamics, complex mechanisms, and hinges.
* Multimatic Niche Vehicles is responsible for the production of low volume sports cars. Cars such as the second-generation Ford GT have come from this division.
* Multimatic Special Vehicle Operations assists in the assembly and engineering of full-scale vehicles. This division also supports Multimatic Niche Vehicles and the company's motorsport arm, Multimatic Motorsports.
* Multimatic Structures & Suspension produces automotive structural components and vehicle dynamics.

## In racing

Multimatic also has a motorsport arm, Multimatic Motorsports, where they help engineer and develop for different racing teams and manufacturers. Currently, they provide engineering assistance to Aston Martin for their Valkyrie AMR-LMH project, and development assistance for both Ford with their Ford Mustang GT3 and Ford Mustang GT4 sports cars. In the past, Multimatic also assisted Ford with the development of the Ford GT LM GTE. Multimatic have also manufactured a sports car of their own with the Multimatic MDP1, a Daytona Prototype that they won in class with at the 2003 24 Hours of Daytona.
In 2017, the LMP2 prototype class saw a new set regulations, and Multimatic, in a joint venture with Riley Technologies, was selected as one of four chassis manufacturers. Riley and Multimatic unveiled the Riley-Multimatic MkXXX as their car for the new set of LMP2 regulations. The Mazda RT24-P was also born out of the project to compete in the new DPi regulations that were unveiled in the same year.
Their chassis was evolved for 2023, as Multimatic was selected as one of the four chassis suppliers for the new LMDh ruleset, one of two categories that would replace the outgoing LMP1 regulations, as well as DPi in North America. Multimatic's LMDh chassis has seen considerable success thanks to Porsche's 963, having accumulated multiple wins and a championship since the car's debut at the 2023 24 Hours of Daytona.
# Erlend Blikra

Erlend Blikra (born 11 January 1997) is a Norwegian racing cyclist, who currently rides for UCI ProTeam Uno-X Mobility.

## Major results
### 2013

    1st Time trial, European Youth Summer Olympic Festival

### 2014

    National Junior Road Championships
       1st Time trial
       2nd Road race
    1st Overall Le Trophée Centre Morbihan
       1st Points classification
       1st Young rider classification
       1st Stages 1 & 2 (ITT)
    1st Stage 2b Course de la Paix Juniors
    4th Overall Tour of Istria
       1st Young rider classification

### 2018

    1st Criterium, National Road Championships

### 2019

    Dookoła Mazowsza
       1st Prologue, Stages 1 & 2

### 2020

    1st International Rhodes Grand Prix
    1st Stage 2 International Tour of Rhodes

### 2021

    1st Stage 3 Tour de la Mirabelle
    8th Overall A Travers les Hauts de France
    10th Omloop van het Houtland Middelkerke-Lichtervelde

### 2022

    Tour de Langkawi
       1st Points classification
       1st Stage 6
    9th Elfstedenronde

### 2023

    1st Stage 2 Région Pays de la Loire Tour
    1st Stage 3 Olympia's Tour
    4th Elfstedenronde
    5th Ronde van Limburg

### 2024

    6th Gooikse Pijl

### 2025

    3rd Trofeo Palma
    3rd Trofeo Ses Salines
# 2024 ABN AMRO Open

The 2024 ABN AMRO Open was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It took place at the Rotterdam Ahoy in the Dutch city of Rotterdam, between 12 and 18 February 2024. It was the 51st edition of the Rotterdam Open, and part of the ATP Tour 500 series on the 2024 ATP Tour. The tournament also included a wheelchair tennis singles and doubles draw for both men and women.

## Champions
### Singles

* Jannik Sinner def. Alex de Minaur, 7–5, 6–4.

### Doubles

* Wesley Koolhof / Nikola Mektić def. Robin Haase / Botic van de Zandschulp, 6–3, 7–5.

## Point distribution

| Event | W | F | SF | QF | Round of 16 | Round of 32 | Q | Q2 | Q1 |
| Singles | 500 | 330 | 200 | 100 | 50 | 0 | 25 | 13 | 0 |
| Doubles | 500 | 300 | 180 | 90 | 0 | — | 45 | 25 | 0 |

### Prize money

| Event | W | F | SF | QF | Round of 16 | Round of 32 | Q2 | Q1 |
| Singles | €399,215 | €214,795 | €114,490 | €58,495 | €31,225 | €16,655 | €8,535 | €4,790 |
| Doubles* | €131,140 | €69,940 | €35,390 | €17,690 | €9,160 | — | — | — |
| Doubles prize money per team |||||||||

## Singles main-draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Ranking$^1$ | Seed |
| ITA | Jannik Sinner | 4 | 1 |
| | Andrey Rublev | 5 | 2 |
| DEN | Holger Rune | 7 | 3 |
| POL | Hubert Hurkacz | 8 | 4 |
| AUS | Alex de Minaur | 11 | 5 |
| BUL | Grigor Dimitrov | 13 | 6 |
| FRA | Ugo Humbert | 21 | 7 |
| KAZ | Alexander Bublik | 23 | 8 |
* $^1$ Rankings are as of 5 February 2024.

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the main draw:
* Jesper de Jong
* Gaël Monfils
* Dino Prižmić
The following player received entry using a protected ranking:
* Milos Raonic
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Zizou Bergs
* Maxime Cressy
* David Goffin
* Denis Shapovalov

### Withdrawals

* Daniil Medvedev → replaced by Botic van de Zandschulp

## Doubles main-draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| CRO | Ivan Dodig | USA | Austin Krajicek | 7 | 1 |
| GER | Kevin Krawietz | GER | Tim Pütz | 31 | 2 |
| USA | Nathaniel Lammons | USA | Jackson Withrow | 43 | 3 |
| FRA | Nicolas Mahut | FRA | Édouard Roger-Vasselin | 45 | 4 |
* $^1$ Rankings as of 5 February 2024.

### Other entrants

The following pairs received wildcards into the doubles main draw:
* Tallon Griekspoor / Bart Stevens
* Robin Haase / Botic van de Zandschulp
The following pair received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Andreas Mies / John-Patrick Smith

### Withdrawals

* Rohan Bopanna / Matthew Ebden → replaced by Ariel Behar / Adam Pavlásek
* Jamie Murray / Michael Venus → replaced by Albano Olivetti / Michael Venus
# Signal Hill, Calgary

Signal Hill is a community in Calgary, Alberta. It contains the residential neighbourhoods of Sienna Hills and Signal Ridge. It is bounded by Sarcee Trail to the east, 17th Ave to the north, Stoney Trail to the south and 69th St to the west.
Battalion Park is established on the southern slopes of the hill and the shopping centres at Westhills Towne Centre, Signal Hill Centre, Westmarket Square and Signature Park Plaza serve the community. Located in the Signal Hill Centre area is a public library called Signal Hill, which serves the surrounding community.
The land was annexed to the City of Calgary in 1956, and Signal Hill was established in 1986. It is represented in the Calgary City Council by the Ward 6 councillor Jeff Davison, on a provincial level by Calgary West MLA Mike Ellis, and at federal level by Calgary Signal Hill MP Ron Liepert.

## Demographics

In the City of Calgary's 2012 municipal census, Signal Hill had a population of 13,914 living in 5,253 dwellings, a 0.9% increase from its 2011 population of 13,795. With a land area of 5.6 km$^2$ (2.2 sq mi), it had a population density of 2,485/km$^2$ (6,440/sq mi) in 2012.
Signal Hill is a wealthy neighbourhood, with the median household income of $205,844 (2013). The wealthier residents ($200,000-$400,000 median household income) live in Upper Signal hill, which is located on the top of the hill, above the first few rows of houses which are located above the famous Signal Hill numbers. The entrance to this area can be found along Signal Hill Drive. As of 2006, 4% of the residents were immigrants.

## Amenities
### Battalion Park

Battalion Park, located on the hillside of Signal Hill, overlooks the Sarcee Nation. The area was a military reserve prior to World War I for the Canadian Forces. The hill features 16,000 stones hauled by soldiers and arranged to form four numbers (137, 113, 151 and 51). The numbers correspond to the four battalions of the Canadian Expeditionary Force who trained in that area before leaving to fight in World War 1. Battalion Park officially opened on November 3, 1991.

### Signal Hill Shopping Centre

The Signal Hill area is also home to the Signal Hill Shopping Centre, located West of Sarcee Trail and north of Richmond Road. This shopping area is also located adjacent to the WestHills Towne Centre, located in Stuart Green, in Southwest Calgary. The Signal Hill Shopping Centre houses over 50 unique stores and services, including grocery stores, restaurants, fast food restaurants, and various retail stores. The presence of many stores, as well as the proximity to the more than 40 stores and services located in WestHills Towne Centre make this a popular shopping destination for residents of Southwest Calgary.

## Education

Signal Hill is home to the Battalion Park School. Operated by the Calgary Board of Education, the school serves students in kindergarten through grade six. In September 2012, it had an enrolment of 694 students drawn from Signal Hill and the nearby Richmond Hill and Springbank Hill communities.
# History of Larimer County, Colorado

History of Larimer County, Colorado is a work of history published in 1911 by Ansel Watrous. The book was the first published comprehensive history of Larimer County, Colorado in the United States. It was republished in 1972 by the Cache la Poudre chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution.
# Rong Yi

Rong Yi (Chinese: 容易; pinyin: Róng Yì; born October 1978) is a Chinese rocket engineer of Tujia ethnicity who is the chief designer of Long March 2F.
Rong is a member of the 14th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.

## Biography

Rong was born Rong Yi (容艺; 容藝; Róng Yì) in Enshi, Hubei, in October 1978. In 1994 she attended Enshi No.1 High School. In 1997, she enrolled at the National University of Defense Technology, where she majored in space engineering. In 2001, she pursued advanced studies at Tsinghua University, earning her doctor's degree in engineering in 2006. Soon after, she was a postdoctoral fellow at the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology.
After graduating in March 2008, Rong was assigned as a rocket designer to the Overall Design Department of China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology. In 2017 she became deputy chief designer of the Long March 9. In 2021, she succeeded Zhang Zhi as the chief designer of Long March 2F.

## Honours and awards

* 2020 Fellow of the International Academy of Astronautics