OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# John Askin Jr.

John Askin Jr. (c. 1765 – 1 January 1820) was a British Indian Department officer and merchant active in Upper Canada and Michigan. He and his wife, Madelaine, are remembered as being instrumental in the invention of the Mackinaw jacket in 1811.

## Early life

John Askin was born in c. 1765 in L'Arbre Croche. He was the son of Irish-born fur trader John Askin and his First Nations slave Monette. Like his father, John Askin Jr. was loyal to the British crown during a twenty-year period, from 1794 until 1815, as the allegiance of the Upper Great Lakes was being strongly contested between Great Britain and the young United States. Many First Nations were allied with the British, and the junior Askin joined them and fought against U.S. forces at the Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794. Askin tried to rally and advise the beaten Native Americans, but was subjected by the victorious U.S. commander, Anthony Wayne, to administrative detention. While Askin was detained, Wayne and the defeated Native Americans signed the Treaty of Greenville, relinquishing to the Americans much of the future state of Ohio.

## Removal to Canada

In line with the diminished status of the British on the Upper Great Lakes after the Treaty of Greenville and Jay's Treaty, young Askin retired to the Canadian side of what was becoming an international boundary. He accepted the King's appointment as collector of customs at Amherstburg, Upper Canada, in 1801, and accepted further appointment as storekeeper for the Indian Department at Fort St. Joseph on St. Joseph Island in 1807. In the latter post, he took the substantial career risk of issuing more than forty heavyweight Hudson's Bay point blankets in November 1811 to the fort's impecunious commander, Captain Charles Roberts, accepting a scrip warrant in payment. John's wife, Madelaine, and the other women of the fort sewed the blankets into the first Mackinaw jackets, which British Army soldiers used as greatcoats for winter fatigue duty.

## War of 1812

John Askin Jr. redoubled his connection to Roberts and the British cause in the following year upon the outbreak of the War of 1812. As a key fur trader at Fort St. Joseph with kinship connections to local First Nations peoples, he led the recruitment of approximately 300 tribal warriors to join the much smaller Fort St. Joseph British garrison in its expedition against a United States strong point, Fort Mackinac. As a civilian interpreter, Askin accompanied Roberts' expedition to British Landing. The warriors recruited by Askin helped to sharply outnumber the 61 Americans present for duty, who were forced to surrender the fort without a shot.
To Askin's disappointment, the British home country did not follow up on this victory. Its government signed a treaty in 1814 to restore the pre-1812 border. John Askin Jr. died in British Canada on January 1, 1820. His son, John Baptist Askin, born in 1788, became a prominent resident and community leader in London, Ontario.
# Şöhrat Kurbanow

Shokhrat Kurbanov (born 27 March 1971 in Ashgabat) is a retired amateur Turkmen boxer. He represented Turkmenistan in two editions of the Olympic Games (1996 and 2004), and later became a coach and chairman of the national sports centre for boxing, following his official retirement from his second Olympics.
Kurbanov made his official debut at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, where he ousted his opening match to Sweden's Roger Petterson in the men's light middleweight division with a scoring decision of 2–7.
Eight years after competing in his last Olympics, Kurbanov qualified for his second Turkmen team, as a 33-year-old, in the men's light heavyweight division (80 kg) at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens by finishing second and receiving a berth from the second AIBA Asian Olympic Qualifying Tournament in Karachi, Pakistan. Unable to improve his fair performance from Atlanta, Kurbanov lost again the opening match to Egypt's Ahmed Ismail El Shamy through a unanimous decision in a default total score of 22–24. Kurbanov was also appointed as the Turkmen flag bearer by the National Olympic Committee in the opening ceremony while wearing a traditional national costume.
# Stewart Enterprises

Stewart Enterprises, Inc., a provider of funeral and cemetery services, was founded in 1910 and grew to be the second-largest company of its kind in the United States before it was acquired in 2013.
As of 1991, the year it went public, the company was headquartered in Jefferson, Louisiana, and employed nearly 5,400 people in 218 funeral homes and 140 cemeteries in 24 states and Puerto Rico. The company was publicly traded and listed on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol STEI.
In December 2013, Service Corporation International acquired Stewart Enterprises for US$1.4 billion.

## History

Stewart Enterprises was founded in New Orleans in 1910 by Albert Stewart, owner of the Acme Realty Company, when his real estate business acquired the three St. Vincent de Paul Cemeteries and the St. Vincent de Paul Marble Shop, a company that built monuments for the cemeteries. Stewart kept both businesses, and they flourished. By 1931, his sons Frank Sr. and Charles incorporated the business as the Acme Marble & Granite Co. In 1949, the company established Lake Lawn Park Cemetery in New Orleans and developed a large perpetual-care community mausoleum with more than 31,000 crypts. In 1969, under the tutelage of President Frank B. Stewart, Jr. (Albert's grandson), the company purchased the adjoining Metairie Cemetery.

## Expansion

In the 1980s, Stewart expanded from its base in Louisiana and Texas to Florida, Maryland, Washington, D.C., and West Virginia. Frank B. Stewart, Jr. was chairman, and Thomas J. Crawford was president and chief executive officer. Thomas M. Kitchen was senior executive vice president and chief financial officer. The company went public in 1991, and, over the next several years, expanded to 30 states and 12 countries. In 1997, the firm announced a partnership with the Archdiocese of Los Angeles for the building and construction of funeral homes on nine of the Church's cemeteries and management of preneed sales at 11 cemeteries. Stewart Enterprises celebrated its centennial on April 26, 2010.

## Associations

Stewart's associated businesses and affiliations include the Acme Mausoleum Corporation in Texas and Louisiana; Tributes.com, an online memorial site; and Investor Trust, Inc. (ITI), a wholly owned, Texas-based investment firm for preneed trust and the company's portfolio. Stewart owns a number of historic cemeteries including Metairie Cemetery (New Orleans, La.), Royal Palm Memorial Gardens and Funeral Home (West Palm Beach, Fla.), and Wisconsin Memorial Park (Brookfield, Wis.).
Approximately 41 percent of Stewart's business is located in California, Florida and Texas, states that have high proportions of senior citizens.
# Education in South Australia

Education in South Australia is primarily the responsibility of the South Australian Government.

## Early childhood education

Before starting school, children attend child care, or kindergarten (pre school). This is typically between the ages of three and five.

## School education

Schooling in South Australia has historically had two tiers, primary school and high school (secondary school). Primary school ranges from reception to grade 7 (5 to 12 years old), from around 2020 moving to grade 6, and high school covers ages 13–18 (moving to 12–18). High school students in Australia are eligible to complete the South Australian Certificate of Education (SACE), with many private schools running International Baccalaureate programs.
Schools are run by the government (public schools), or by private concerns (private schools). Many private schools are run by churches. Public education is free, and while government funding is provided to private schools, parents must generally pay additional fees for their child's attendance at school.
In South Australia it is compulsory for children to be enrolled in school by their sixth birthday. All people under the age of 17 are required to participate in full-time schooling, training or work for at least 25 hours per week. As of 2022 parents and guardians are responsible for the regular attendance of all children in their care between the ages of 6 and 16 years, under the Education and Children's Services Act 2019 (SA).

## Tertiary education

Tertiary education is principally provided by the state's three public universities, three private universities, and TAFE SA. The state's three main universities are the University of Adelaide, Flinders University, and the University of South Australia.

### Public universities

The public universities also have other campuses in the metropolitan area, around the state, inter-state and overseas.
Metropolitan campuses include:
    Flinders: Bedford Park; Victoria Square.
    Adelaide: The Waite at Urrbrae; Research Park at Thebarton; and The National Wine Centre in the Adelaide Park Lands.
    UniSA: Magill Campus (Magill) and Mawson Lakes Campus (Mawson Lakes).
Rural and regional campuses include:
    Flinders: The Flinders University Rural Clinical Schools at Mount Gambier, Goolwa and Renmark; and The Lincoln Marine Science Centre at Port Lincoln.
    Adelaide: Roseworthy Campus near Roseworthy.
    UniSA: Campuses at Mount Gambier and Whyalla.
Interstate campuses include:
    Flinders: The university maintains a number of external teaching partnerships in south-west Victoria and the Northern Territory.
Overseas campuses include:
    Adelaide: Singapore Campus.

### Private universities

From 2006 to 2022 Carnegie Mellon University ran a campus in Adelaide.
# Blade: Trinity (soundtrack)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Blade: Trinity (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) is the soundtrack to David S. Goyer's 2004 film Blade: Trinity. It was released on November 23, 2004 via New Line Records, serving as a sequel to Blade II: The Soundtrack. Composed of a mix of hip hop and electronic music, it consists of twelve songs, and features contributions by the likes of Wu-Tang Clan members and affiliates, Black Lab, E-40, Lil' Flip, Overseer, Paris Texas, The Crystal Method, Thee Undatakerz and WC. Production was handled by RZA, Ramin Djawadi, Andy Ellis and Danny Saber, with executive producers George Drakoulias and Wesley Snipes.
The album proved to be the least successful of the three Blade soundtracks, peaking at number 68 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, number 15 on the Top Soundtracks and number eight on the Independent Albums.

## Versions

There are three different versions of the soundtrack: the clean version, the uncensored version, and the deluxe version. The deluxe version includes a 12-page comic by Takashi Okazaki and a bonus DVD featuring an animated short, a story board animatic, making-of footage, character designs, Blade Manga art, a weapons gallery, behind the scenes footage of the RZA scoring the film, and more. The song "Starting Over" by The Crystal Method was also used in the film, though it is not on the soundtrack.

## Charts

| Chart (2004-05) | Peak position |
| Austrian Albums (Ö3 Austria) | 28 |
| German Albums (Offizielle Top 100) | 54 |
# 18th G7 summit

The 18th G7 Summit was held in Munich, Germany between 6 and 8 July 1992. The venue for the summit meetings was at the Residenz palace in central Munich.
The Group of Seven (G7) was an unofficial forum which brought together the heads of the richest industrialized countries: France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada (since 1976), and the President of the European Commission (starting officially in 1981). The summits were not meant to be linked formally with wider international institutions; and in fact, a mild rebellion against the stiff formality of other international meetings was a part of the genesis of cooperation between France's president Valéry Giscard d'Estaing and West Germany's chancellor Helmut Schmidt as they conceived the first Group of Six (G6) summit in 1975.

## Leaders at the summit

The G7 is an unofficial annual forum for the leaders of Canada, the European Commission, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
The 18th G7 summit was the first summit for Italian Prime Minister Giuliano Amato and Japanese Prime Minister Kiichi Miyazawa. It was also the last summit for Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney and US President George H. W. Bush.

### Participants

These summit participants are the current "core members" of the international forum:
Core G7 members Host state and leader are shown in bold text. :
| Member | Represented by | Title |
| Canada | Brian Mulroney | Prime Minister |
| France | François Mitterrand | President |
| Germany | Helmut Kohl | Chancellor |
| Italy | Giuliano Amato | Prime Minister |
| Japan | Kiichi Miyazawa | Prime Minister |
| United Kingdom | John Major | Prime Minister |
| United States | George H. W. Bush | President |
| European Community | Jacques Delors | Commission President |
| European Community | John Major | Council President |

## Issues

The summit was intended as a venue for resolving differences among its members. As a practical matter, the summit was also conceived as an opportunity for its members to give each other mutual encouragement in the face of difficult economic decisions. Issues which were discussed at this summit included:
* World Economy
* United Nations Conference on Environment and Development(UNCED)
* Developing Countries
* Central and Eastern Europe
* New Independent States of the Former Soviet Union
* Safety of Nuclear Power Plants in the New Independent States of the Former Soviet Union and in Central and Eastern Europe

## Gallery of participating leaders
### Core G7 participants

* Canada Brian Mulroney, Prime Minister
* France François Mitterrand, President
* Germany Helmut Kohl, Chancellor (Host)
* Italy Giuliano Amato, Prime Minister
* Japan Kiichi Miyazawa, Prime Minister
* United Kingdom John Major, Prime Minister
* United States George H. W. Bush, President
* European Union Jacques Delors, Commission President
# Ciudad Juárez rehab center attack

The Ciudad Juárez rehab center attack was a shooting that occurred at 7:15 pm on September 2, 2009, at the El Aliviane drug treatment clinic in the city of Ciudad Juárez, Mexico. Seventeen men were killed in the attack, and another died the following day from injuries, bringing the total killed to eighteen.
Authorities believe the attack was part of a turf battle, one of the deadliest such shootings in Ciudad Juárez since President Felipe Calderón initiated a 2006 crackdown on gangs dealing drugs.
On the same day as the attack, Michoacán's deputy director of public safety, José Manuel Revuelta was killed alongside two bodyguards after two weeks in that post, the highest profile person to be killed in Mexico's drug violence. This rehab center shooting was described as a "copycat incident" to one where eight people were killed in a similar shooting in 2008.

## Background

El Aliviane is one of 62 rehabilitation centers that operate in Ciudad Juárez, a city of 1.5 million people. It is privately run and located in a neighborhood next to the United States border. The facilities are housed in a converted home.
State security minister Víctor Valencia de los Santos told El Universal prior to the shooting that Mexico's rehab centers were "the breeding ground for criminal gangs". He said: "In this type of place, the drug cartels are recruiting youngsters from 17 to 23 years of age". President Calderón was delivering his annual state of the union address around the time of the shootings and defended his efforts to beat the drug gangs.

## Shooting

The gunners tore through the door of the centre, breaking it down in the process. Eighteen patients were forced into a central corridor, lined up against a wall, and shot dead by hooded gunmen.
Details about the identities of victims are scarce. Women have demanded answers by gathering outside the offices of prosecutors to cry. One woman, Elisabeth Quintero, said three of her relatives were among the dead; her 16-year-old son, her 28-year-old brother and her 21-year-old cousin. She described her son as a "delinquent" but did not specify the addiction problems of her three family members. 17-year-old Jaime Saúl Pérez was beginning to "turn his life around" by asking for assistance with his urges for marijuana. His father, Jaime Valle, claimed he had never been in any other sort of trouble and would have returned to his home by now if he were alive. Valle commented: "I want justice! Kill those ungrateful dogs that are going around killing innocent people. Justice! I want justice!"
No suspects were named in the immediate aftermath. The El Diario newspaper reported that a number of victims belonged to the Barrio Azteca gang, which is believed to be aligned with the Juarez Cartel.
On September 3, it was reported that neighbors mopped blood from the sidewalk outside the crime scene.
# Kostadin Georgiev

Kostadin Toshkov Georgiev (Bulgarian: Костадин Тошков Георгиев; born 24 March 1986, in Burgas) is a Bulgarian footballer who plays as a goalkeeper.

## Career

On 30 January 2014, Georgiev signed with Neftochimic Burgas as a free agent.
# Mavis Hinds

Mavis Kathleen Hinds (1929–2009) was an English meteorologist who, together with Fred Bushby, pioneered the use of computers to carry out meteorological calculations in the UK. She studied Mathematics at University College London and on graduating joined the UK Meteorological (Met) Office in 1951, attending their Initial Forecasting Course that year. She went on to work with Bushby in using the Lyons Electronic Office (LEO), an early computer developed by J. Lyons & Co, becoming an expert in writing, running and correcting computer programs for weather forecasting. She was seen at that time as one of the first prominent female meteorologists and also the first to play a leading role in the development of numerical weather prediction, both in the UK and worldwide.

## Early life and education

Hinds passed her Higher School Certificate in pure mathematics, applied mathematics and physics. This was an ideal combination of subjects for the study of meteorology in which she was already developing an interest. On the strength of her examination results, she was awarded a scholarship and a place to read Mathematics at University College London.

## Research and career

From 1951 Hinds worked at the UK Met Office as part of their Forecast Research Division, which had been set up in 1949 in Dunstable. Hinds, as part of the Division, was instrumental in the development of numerical weather prediction (NWP). The earliest days of NWP in the late 1940s relied on hand calculation, but as electronic computing machines began to be developed in the US (ENIAC) and the UK (EDSAC and LEO), NWP grew in reliability and prevalence. In 1954, at a meeting of the Royal Meteorological Society, Fred Bushby and Hinds presented the first computer-based baroclinic forecast in Europe. Since 1951, they had been making use of the computing power of LEO, the world's first business computer, developed by J. Lyons & Co caterers.
Because in the early 1950s the UK Met Office had no in-house computing facilities, calculating power had to be obtained from part-time use of LEO and the Ferranti Mark 1 Star at the University of Manchester. Use of these very early computers involved working unsociable hours when the machines were not being used by others. Throughout the 1950s and 1960s, Hinds worked with Bushby and others on a series of published papers that detailed the developments made.
In 1981, Hinds reflected on the impact of computing on weather prediction and in 1994 contributed a chapter about the history of Met Office computerisation to Peter Bird's book on the development of the LEO computers.
Hinds later worked in management roles before her retirement in 1989.
# Katahdin sheep

The Katahdin is a modern American breed of sheep. It is an easy-care sheep: it grows a hair coat with little wool which moults naturally in the spring, and so does not need to be shorn. It is reared for meat only.
It was developed by a breeder named Michael Piel in Maine, and is named for Mount Katahdin in that state. From about 1957 he cross-bred a small number of African Hair Sheep from the Virgin Islands with various meat breeds, principally the Suffolk.$^{:837}$

## History

In 1957 a farmer named Michael Piel imported three African Hair Sheep – a ram and two ewes – from the island of Saint Croix in the Virgin Islands to his farm in Abbot, Maine.$^{:153}$ For almost twenty years he experimentally cross-bred them with sheep of a wide variety of breeds, among them the American Tunis, the Cheviot, the Hampshire Down, the Southdown, the Suffolk and other English Down breeds.$^{:837}$ All but the Suffolk crosses were eventually discarded,$^{:837}$ and a flock of about 120 breeding ewes was selected.$^{:153}$ In the 1970s he experimented with cross-breeding with the Wiltshire Horn, the only naturally-moulting English sheep; after his death in 1976, his widow took steps to breed out unwanted characteristics of this cross including the horns, the lower prolificacy and the reduced ease of handling.$^{:153}$
A breed society, Katahdin Hair Sheep International, was formed in 1985, and a flock-book was started.$^{:153}$
The Katahdin was formerly an endangered breed, included on the watchlist of the Livestock Conservancy; it was removed ("graduated") in 2013. In 2024 its conservation status was listed in DAD-IS as "not at risk"; the world-wide population was estimated at 13957, of which approximately 85% was in the United States. The sheep were also present in Canada and in sixteen other countries, principally in the Caribbean, in Central America and in South America.

## Characteristics

The Katahdin is of medium size: the average weight for ewes is approximately 65 kg (145 lb) and for rams about 95 kg (210 lb). The sheep may be of any colour, and are usually naturally polled (hornless).$^{:153}$
The Katahdin has the typical characteristics common to hair sheep: it has an outer coat of fine hair, and in winter may grow a wool undercoat which moults naturally in the spring, so that it does not need to be shorn; it is tolerant of hot and humid climatic conditions, and has good resistance to parasites including some gastrointestinal nematodes resistant to anthelmintic drugs; ewes are to some extent aseasonal and capable of breeding in the spring.$^{:153}$$^{:52}$$^{:503}$

## Use

The Katahdin is reared for meat. The lambing rate is some 168%.$^{:52}$
# Barbara Gibbs Golffing

Barbara Gibbs (September 23, 1912 – August 13, 1993) was an American poet and translator.

## Life

Gibbs was born in on September 23, 1912, in Los Angeles, and attended Stanford University and U.C.L.A. She was married to the poet J. V. Cunningham from 1937 to 1945, and, later, to Francis Golffing. She was a 1955 Guggenheim Fellow.
Her work appeared in Poetry, The New Yorker, The Nation, and The Hudson Review.

## Works

* The well: poems, A. Swallow, 1941
* The green chapel, Noonday Press, 1958
* Poems written in Berlin, Claude Fredericks, 1959
* The meeting place of the colors: poems, Cummington Press, 1972
* Francis Golffing, Barbara Gibbs, Possibility: an essay in utopian vision, P. Lang, 1991, ISBN 978-0-8204-1431-7
* "Some Feminist Literary Criticism and a Theory", The Journal of Pre-Raphaelite Studies, November 1985

### Translations

* Marthiel Mathews; Jackson Mathews, eds. (1989). The flowers of evil. New Directions Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8112-1117-8.
* Paul Valéry, Le cimetière marin
* Angel Flores, ed. (2000). The Anchor anthology of French poetry: from Nerval to Valéry, in English translation. Anchor Books. ISBN 978-0-385-49888-3.