OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Norwegian Institute of Marine Research

The Norwegian Institute of Marine Research (Norwegian: Havforskningsinstituttet) is a national consultative research institute which is owned by the Ministry of Fisheries and Coastal Affairs. The institute performs research and provides advisory services in the fields of marine ecosystems and aquaculture.
With a staff of almost 1100, the Institute of Marine Research is the largest centre of marine research in Norway, and among the largest in Europe. The institute has a highly qualified scientific staff, high-technology research stations and laboratories in Austevoll, Bergen (head office), Flødevigen (Arendal) and Matre, a department in Tromsø and several vessels.
The primary responsibility of the Institute of Marine Research is to provide advice to national authorities, society and industry regarding questions related to the ecosystems of the Barents Sea, the Norwegian Sea, the North Sea and the Norwegian coastal zone and in the field of aquaculture. The institute is heavily engaged in development aid activities through its Centre for Development Cooperation in Fisheries.
Norwegian Fisheries Investigations ("Norske Fiskeriundersøgelser") was initiated in Oslo in 1864. In 1900 the investigations was located to Bergen, and in 1947, the institute was separated as a research institute under the Norwegian Directorate of Fisheries. To further ensure its independence, the institute became an independent institution in 1989.
Among important scientific contributions was Johan Hjort's pivotal work on «Fluctuations in the Great Fisheries of Northern Europe» (1914). Einar Lea's use of ASDIC to find herring schools (1947) and the use of Echo Integration for estimating fish abundance (Midtun & Hoff, 1962) are also notable.
# Ihor Skybiuk

Ihor Anatoliivych Skybiuk (Ukrainian: І́гор Анато́лійович Скибю́к born 10 October 1976) is a Ukrainian Air Assault Forces major general involved in the Russo-Ukrainian war. He has been the commander of the Air Assault Forces since 2023, and a recipient of the title Hero of Ukraine and the Order of Bohdan Khmelnytsky.

## Early life and education

Skybiuk was born on 10 October 1976 in Konotop, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. He is a graduate of the Odesa Institute of the Ground Forces and the National Defense Academy of Ukraine.

## Military career

He served in the 80th Separate Airmobile Brigade from 1998 and participated in the Donbass War since 2014.
In 2022 he became the commander of the 80th Air Assault Brigade and led it during the Kharkiv counteroffensive later that year, for which he was awarded the title Hero of Ukraine.
In 2023 he became the chief of staff and deputy commander of the Air Assault Forces, and on 11 February 2024 he became the commander.
On December 5, 2024, Skybyn was promoted to major general.

## Awards

* Hero of Ukraine (14 October 2022)
* Order of Bohdan Khmelnytsky, 2nd class (27 May 2022)
* Order of Bohdan Khmelnytsky, 3rd class (8 March 2022)
# Mehrab Ali Laskar

Mehrab Ali Laskar is an Indian politician who was elected to the Assam Legislative Assembly from Silchar constituency in the 1952 Assam Legislative Assembly election as an Independent candidate.
# Weeraphon Wichuma

Weeraphon Wichuma (Thai: วีรพล วิชุมา, RTGS: Wiraphon Wichuma, Thai pronunciation:, born 10 August 2004) is a Thai weightlifter.

## Career

He qualified for the 2024 Summer Olympics, and won a silver medal in the Men's 73 kg category, becoming the youngest competitor to ever do so. He set a junior world record in Clear & Jerk lifting 198 kg. He was chosen to be Thailand's flagbearer for the Olympic Games Closing ceremony.

## Major results

| Year | Venue | Weight | Snatch (kg) | Snatch (kg) | Snatch (kg) | Snatch (kg) | Clean & Jerk (kg) | Clean & Jerk (kg) | Clean & Jerk (kg) | Clean & Jerk (kg) | Total | Rank |
| Year | Venue | Weight | 1 | 2 | 3 | Rank | 1 | 2 | 3 | Rank | Total | Rank |
| Olympic Games |||||||||||||
| 2024 | Paris, France | 73 kg | 148 | 152 | 152 | — | 190 | 194 | 198 JWR | — | 346 | |
| World Championships |||||||||||||
| 2022 | Bogotá, Colombia | 67 kg | 143 | 147 | 147 | | 175 | 175 | 180 | | 323 | |
| 2023 | Riyadh, Saudi Arabia | 73 kg | 145 | 150 | 154 | | 190 | 190 | 195 JWR | | 349 | |
| IWF World Cup |||||||||||||
| 2024 | Phuket, Thailand | 73 kg | 147 | 150 | 151 | 19 | 192 | 193 | 193 | — | — | — |
| Asian Games |||||||||||||
| 2023 | Hangzhou, China | 73 kg | 151 | 154 | 156 | — | 190 | 195 | 195 | — | 351 JWR | |
| Asian Championships |||||||||||||
| 2023 | Jinju, South Korea | 73 kg | 146 | 150 | 154 | 4 | 186 | 190 | 192 | | 342 | |
# Jaipal Singh Stadium

Jaipal Singh Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium located in the city of Ranchi in Jharkhand, India. It was built in 1978 and named after the famous hockey player and captain Jaipal Singh Munda after a request was made by Birsa Seva Dal.
After it was built, the infrastructure was neglected until 2013, when the Government of Jharkhand and Ranchi Municipal Corporation made plans to revamp it into a sports complex with aid from the central government.
In 2008, a proposal came from the urban development minister, Raghubar Das, to make the stadium's site into a shopping complex but the plan was opposed by residents and sports lovers as well as councillors. Sport lovers and residents created "Jaipal Singh Stadium Bachao Sangharsh Samiti" to save the stadium.
In a proposal in 2013, the stadium would undergo changes and have a 300 by 150 metres football ground, tennis court, badminton court, multi-gymnasium with modern equipment, two pavilions, open-air theatre, food court and shops.
The stadium has hosted numerous games since being renovated. It has hosted the Women's Asian Champions Trophy 2023 and the 2024–25 Hockey India League.
# Atygay (lake)

Atygay (Kazakh: Атығай; Russian: Атыгай) is a salt lake in the Ekibastuz City Administration, Pavlodar Region, Kazakhstan.
Atygay is one of the main lakes surrounding Ekibastuz and is located 6.5 kilometers (4.0 mi) to the ENE of the city. The lake is part of the Irtysh Water Management Basin. Atygay village lies 4 kilometers (2.5 mi) to the west of its western shore.

## Geography

Atygay is an endorheic lake in the Irtysh Basin. It stretches from WSW to ENE for roughly 6 kilometers (3.7 mi). Larger lake Karasor lies 15 kilometers (9.3 mi) to the NNE, Zhyngyldysor 15 kilometers (9.3 mi) to the northwest, Kudaikol 23 kilometers (14 mi) to the northeast, and Angren 17 kilometers (11 mi) to the south.
Atygay is fed by snow and rain. It usually freezes in November and thaws in April.

## Ecology

Atygay is a natural salt lake that is used as an evaporation reservoir for the wastewater of Ekibastuz city. The polluted water drains through a ditch from a small lake located 2 kilometers (1.2 mi) to the NW where the solid waste settles. Lake Atygay has fish, such as perch, that reach big sizes and attract fishermen. Authorities warn everyone fishing in the lake about consuming the fish caught in its waters owing to the high concentration of toxic substances.
# Toshitsugu Saito

Toshitsugu Saito (斉藤 斗志二, Saitō Toshitsugu, born December 27, 1944) is a Japanese politician of the Liberal Democratic Party and a member of the House of Representatives in the Diet from 1986 to 2009. A native of Fuji, Shizuoka and graduate of Sophia University, he attended Waseda University for graduate study and business school at the University of Washington in the United States.
From 2001 to 2002 he was Director General of the Japan Defense Agency (now Minister of Defense).
# Ctiboř (Tachov District)

Ctiboř (German: Stiebenreith) is a municipality and village in Tachov District in the Plzeň Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.
Ctiboř lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) north of Tachov, 56 km (35 mi) west of Plzeň, and 133 km (83 mi) west of Prague.

## Administrative division

Ctiboř consists of two municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
* Ctiboř (285)
* Březí (9)
# East Geelong, Victoria

East Geelong is a residential suburb of Geelong, Victoria, Australia. At the 2016 census, East Geelong had a population of 3,862.
The post office opened on 6 June 1921. An earlier Post Office dating from 1871 was later renamed Moolap West.
The 81-hectare Eastern Park is located in East Geelong. It is Geelong's premier regional park and an important recreation focus for central Geelong. The Geelong Botanic Gardens are located at its centre.
East Geelong has an Australian Rules football team competing in the Geelong & District Football League. Golfers play at the course of the East Geelong Golf Club at Eastern Gardens.

## Heritage listed sites

East Geelong contains a number of heritage listed sites, including:
* 141 Ormond Road, Eastern Cemetery Gatehouse
* 1-55 Garden Street, Eastern Park and Geelong Botanic Gardens
* 1-55 Garden Street, First Geelong Customs House
* Hearne Parade, Limeburners Point Lime Kiln Complex

## Population

In the 2016 Census, there were 3,862 people in East Geelong. 82.4% of people were born in Australia. The next most common country of birth was England at 2.9%. 87.4% of people spoke only English at home. The most common responses for religion were No Religion 35.9%, Catholic 28.7% and Anglican 9.5%.
# Elio Villate

Elio Fidel Villate Lam (born 1 November 1957 in Pinar del Río, Cuba) is a Cuban painter.
Lam is a member of both the ACAA (Cuban Association of Craftsmen Artists) and the UNEAC (National Union of Writers and Artists of Cuba). Lam studied in 1969 at the Vocational Center of Arts of Pinar del Río. In 1972, he integrated the School of Fine Arts in the same city.

## Exhibitions
### Collective exhibitions

* 1982 – Art of the Town, Nicaragua 1990
* 1982 – National Fair of Artisans, Cuba
* 1982 – Pinartesania Provincial Gallery Art, Cuba
* 1991 – Provincial Fine Arts Hall, Pinar del Río, Cuba
* 1991 – FIART 91, Awarded Cuba
* 1992 – Museum of Fine Arts, Cuba
* 1992 – Provincial Fine Arts Hall, Pinar del Río, Cuba
* 1993 – Fine Arts Hall 13 March, Cuba
* 1993 – The Biodiversity of the Nature: A valuable patrimony. (Supported by the FAO)

### Cuba

* 1994 – Dreams for a Memory. (Tribute to Alfredo Sarabia), 23 and 12 Gallery, Cuba
* 1994 – Expo of the ACAA (National Hotel), Cuba
* 1995 – FITUR, Spain
* 1995 – Tourist Stock market of Mexico
* 1995 – FIART 95, Cuba
* 1995 – Art and Religion, Seat of the ACAA, Habana, Cuba
* 1995 – Carifesta, Trinidad and Tobago
* 1996 – Provincial Fine Arts Hall, Pinar del Río, Cuba
* 1997 – Fair"Popular Art", Concepción, Chile
* 1997 – FIART 97, Cuba
* 1997 – 15 Anniversary of the ACAA, Habana, Cuba
* 1998 – FITUR, Spain
* 1998 – Annual Exhibition"Pavilion of Culture" Expocuba, Havana, Cuba
* 1998 – National Hall "Tiburcio Lorenzo" UNEAC, Pinar del Río, Cuba
* 2001 – Seventh Biennial of Havana.
* 2001 – Expo "Domingo Gallery Register", Miami, USA
* 2001 – Expo "Alpha Gallery", Miami, USA
* 2001 – Auction "for Lights hope" Alpha International Gallery, Miami, USA
* 2002 – Expo"Artist Cuba" New Jersey, USA
* 2003 – "Los ruidos y las luces" abstract exhibition with the artist Jorge Luis Ballart. Hotel"Palacio O'farrill". Havana, Cuba
* 2005 -"Little paper boats" Domingo Padron Gallery. Miami, U.S.A.
* 2006 – Expo :"Urban testimonial" René Portocarrero's workshop. Havana, Cuba.

## Prizes and recognitions

* 1991 – Provincial Hall of Fine Arts, Pinar del Río, Cuba
* 1991 – First Prize of the Hall
* 1991 – Prize UNEAC
* 1993 – Prize ACAA
* 1993 – Provincial Hall of Fine Arts, Pinar del Río, Cuba
* 1993 – First Prize of the Hall
* 1993 – Prize Fondo cubano de Bienes Culturales, Havana, Cuba
* 1993 – Hall Fine Arts"13 March" – First Prize 2001
* 1993 – Recognition for the participation of the Artist in the"Dictionary of Contemporary Artists" and its contribution to disclose the Hispanic culture in the USA. Miami, Florida, USA
# E. G. Pretyman

Colonel Ernest George Pretyman, PC, JP, DL (13 November 1859 – 26 November 1931), known as E. G. Pretyman, was a British Conservative politician and soldier.

## Background and education

Born on 13 November 1859 and christened on 1 January 1860 at Great Carlton, Lincolnshire, Pretyman was the son of Reverend Frederic Pretyman, Canon of Lincoln. He was the great-grandson of George Pretyman Tomline, a prominent late 18th-century cleric, as well as the heir of "Colonel" George Tomline, his father's first cousin. He was educated at Eton and at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich. He entered the Royal Artillery in 1880 and retired in 1889. After George Tomline's death in 1889, he inherited the Orwell Park estate in Suffolk.

## Political career

Pretyman served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Woodbridge, Suffolk from 1895 to 1906 and for Chelmsford from 1908 to 1923. He defeated the Liberal MP Robert Lacey Everett in 1895 and lost his seat to Everett in 1906. He was Civil Lord of the Admiralty from 1900 to 1903, Parliamentary and Financial Secretary to the Admiralty from 1903 to 1906, Parliamentary Secretary to the Board of Trade from 1915 to 1916 and Civil Lord of the Admiralty again from 1916 to 1919. He was appointed a Privy Counsellor in 1917.
E. G. Pretyman made a Gramophone Company recording of an address "On the Navy" in 1908.

## Family

Pretyman married Lady Beatrice Adine Bridgeman (2 December 1870 – 27 June 1952), daughter of George Bridgeman, 4th Earl of Bradford, on 28 June 1894. They had three sons and three daughters. His most notable descendant today is Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 7th Marquess of Salisbury, sometime Tory leader of the House of Lords in the 1990s.
* Maj. George Marcus Tomline Pretyman, of Orwell Park, Suffolk, (24 April 1895 – 1979); his only child Gillian (who married Mark Bence-Jones) inherited the family papers.
* Lt. Cmdr. Herbert Ernest Pretyman, R.N., of Newbury, Berkshire (19 June 1900 – 1987); twice married, with children by both marriages
* Sir Walter Frederic Pretyman, of Campos, Brazil (17 October 1901 – 1987), who emigrated to Brazil 1924, and was appointed KBE 1967. His second wife Vera de Sa Sottomaior was former wife of Randal Plunkett, 19th Lord Dunsany and mother of the 20th Lord Dunsany. Sir Walter Pretyman was twice married, and had children by both marriages.
* Ida Beatrice Pretyman (5 April 1896 – 1977), who married Captain Charles Wilfrid Lindley Meynell, a grandson of Charles Wood, 1st Viscount Halifax, and left children.
* Marjorie Elizabeth Pretyman (1 May 1897 – 6 May 1969), who married Capt. Hon. Valentine Maurice Wyndham-Quin, R.N., of Chieveley, Berkshire. They were parents of three daughters, including Marjorie "Mollie" Wyndham-Quin, widow of the 6th Marquess of Salisbury and mother of the present Marquess, formerly styled Viscount Cranbourne, sometime Tory leader of the House of Lords in the 1990s. Another grandson is the biographer Max Egremont.
* Katharine Louise Pretyman (1907– ?), who married Lt.-Col. Charles Algernon Peel and left children.
# 2018 Derry riots

The 2018 Derry riots were riots and civil disturbances taking place in Derry, Northern Ireland from 8 July 2018, before the Protestant Orange Order parade. It was the first 12 July parade to take place in Derry for five years. Violence broke out in the republican Bogside area in what has been called the worst in the city in "decades". The Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI) has blamed the New IRA group for trying to kill police officers. Riot police fired plastic baton rounds, whilst at least 70 petrol bombs have been thrown at them.
The riots have been condemned by senior leaders, including Sinn Féin leader Mary Lou McDonald who attended a "not in my name" rally. An Ulster Unionist Party MLA has claimed that the republican rioters are "using children" to blame the PSNI for the violence.
Violence linked to the riots overspilled in other parts of Northern Ireland. On 13 July, the house of Gerry Adams in west Belfast was attacked with a home-made bomb. Adams survived injury and claimed that his two grandchildren were standing at the doorway only ten minutes before the blast at 10:50 pm. The house of another republican in Belfast, Bobby Storey, was also attacked the same day. However, no casualties were reported in either of the attacks.
On 20 July, the New IRA claimed responsibility for gun and bomb attacks at police during the disturbances in Derry.
# Shariz Ahmad

Shariz Ahmad (born 21 April 2003) is a Dutch cricketer. He has played for the Netherlands national cricket team since 2022. He is a right-arm leg spin bowler.

## Personal life

Ahmad was born in Amsterdam on 21 April 2003. He is the younger brother of fellow Netherlands international Musa Ahmed. Their father Nadeem Ahmad played top-level club cricket in the Netherlands after immigrating from Lahore, Pakistan, with he and his sons playing for Groen en Wit CC in Amsterdam.

## Junior career

In October 2020, Ahmad was named in the Dutch academy squad, following his performances at the under-18 level. The following September, he was part of the Dutch squad for the under-19 qualification matches in the Europe group for the 2022 ICC Under-19 Cricket World Cup. He was the leading wicket-taker for the Netherlands in the group.

## International career

In February 2022, Ahmad earned his maiden senior international call-up, after being named in the Dutch limited overs squads for their tour of New Zealand. In May 2022, he was named in the Dutch One Day International (ODI) squad for their series against the West Indies. He made his ODI debut on 2 June 2022, against the West Indies.
In July 2022, he was named in the Netherlands' Twenty20 International (T20I) squad for the 2022 ICC Men's T20 World Cup Global Qualifier B tournament in Zimbabwe. He made his T20I debut on 11 July 2022, against Papua New Guinea; although he went wicketless but conceded only 16 runs in his three overs. He was the Netherlands' best bowler in the 1st T20I against New Zealand, taking 2/15.
In March 2023, he was named in the Netherlands' ODI squad for their series against Zimbabwe. In the second ODI, on 23 March 2023, he took his maiden five-wicket haul in international cricket.
# 2020 Civic Democratic Party leadership election

The 2020 Civic Democratic Party (ODS) leadership election was held on 18 January 2020. The incumbent leader Petr Fiala was running for another term as the sole candidate. Fiala was reelected with 90% of the vote.

## Background

Petr Fiala has been the leader of the party since 2014. Leadership elections are held every 2 years.
Vysočina regional organisation held a meeting on 2 November 2019. It gave its nomination to Petr Fiala. Fiala was supported by almost all delegates.
Fiala then received nominations from other regional organisations, being the only candidate.

## Candidates

* Petr Fiala, the incumbent leader.

## Voting

| Candidate | Vote | % | % |
| Petr Fiala | 470 | 90.56% | |
| Against | 39 | 9.44% | |
# Minuscule 507

Minuscule 507 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 142 (in the Soden numbering), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 11th century. Scrivener labeled it by number 493. It was adapted for liturgical use.

## Description

The codex contains the complete text of the four Gospels on 221 parchment leaves (size 28.5 cm by 21 cm). It is written in two columns per page, 26 lines per page.
The text is divided according to numbers of the κεφαλαια (chapters), whose numbers are given at the margin, with τιτλοι (titles) at the top of the pages. There is also a division according to the smaller Ammonian Sections (in Mark 234 sections, the last section in 16:9), with references to the Eusebian Canons (written in the same line as Ammonian Sections).
It contains (Epistula ad Carpianum later hand), Eusebian Canon tables, (prolegomena later hand), tables of the κεφαλαια (tables of contents) are placed before each Gospel, lectionary markings at the margin (partly later), incipits, Synaxarion (liturgical book with hagiographies), subscriptions at the end of each Gospel (some from later hand), ρηματα, and numbers of στιχοι.

## Text

The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-type. Hermann von Soden included it to the textual family K$^x$. Aland placed it in Category V.
According to the Claremont Profile Method it represents textual family K$^x$ in Luke 1 and Luke 20. In Luke 10 no profile was made.

## History

The manuscript was written by Abraham Teudas, a scribe. In 1724 (or 1727) the manuscript came from the Pantokratoros monastery to England and was presented to archbishop of Canterbury, William Wake, along with the codices 73, 74, 506-520. Wake presented it to Christ Church in Oxford. In 1732 John Walker slightly collated it for Bentley.
The manuscript was added to the list of New Testament minuscule manuscripts by F. H. A. Scrivener (493) and C. R. Gregory (507). Gregory saw it in 1883.
It is currently housed at Christ Church (Wake 21) in Oxford.
# Parsons Music Group

Parsons Music Group (Chinese: 柏斯音樂集團, also known as Parsons Music Corporation) is a musical instruments manufacturer and retailer based in Hong Kong, China.

## Company profile

Parsons was founded in 1986 by Terence and Arling Ng and became China's largest music retailer with more than 100 retail locations and 80 music schools all around the country. In its retail locations, Parsons sells acoustic and digital musical instruments including guitars, pianos, amplifiers, electronic keyboards, as well as sheet music and books.

## Pianos

Parsons manufactures pianos for its own brands (Yangtze River and Schönbrunn), grand pianos for Baldwin and manufactures a few Kawai models for sale only in Parsons Music's stores in China.
Parsons is the majority shareholder of the German piano manufacturers Wilh. Steinberg since 2013 and Grotrian-Steinweg since 2015.
# Modła Księża

Modła Księża is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stare Miasto, within Konin County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) south of Stare Miasto, 9 km (6 mi) south-west of Konin, and 93 km (58 mi) east of the regional capital Poznań.
# 2006 Srinagar bombings

11 July 2006 Srinagar bombings consisted of five grenade attacks by militants, killing 8 people and injuring 43 in Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir.

## Attacks

The attack took place within an hour of the departure of Prime Minister Manmohan Singh's conclusion of a two-day round table conference. The first attack occurred at 11:40 am when a grenade was thrown into a minibus carrying tourists from Bengal. Five people, died and another 10 were injured. The dead included a mother, her son and her daughter-in-law. At 12:40 pm, another grenade was lobbed at a car with a Haryana registration number. Three bystanders were injured. At 1:10 pm, another grenade was thrown at a van carrying tourists in Lal Chowk. One person died and several were injured. A child lost one of his legs in the explosion. The last grenade was thrown at a taxi stand at 3:00 pm.

## Aftermath

Mohammad Afzal of the Baramulla district, who allegedly threw the grenade, was caught by onlookers and handed over to the police. He confessed to being a member of Lashkar-e-Taiba. These bombings happened on the same day as 11 July 2006 Mumbai train bombings and were overshadowed by them.

## Reaction

UN secretary general Kofi Annan condemned both the attacks saying that "such acts cannot possibly be excused by any grievance".