OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Metro Railway, Kolkata

Metro Railway, Kolkata, is the owner and operator of Kolkata Metro, the oldest metro system of India. On 29 December 2010, it became the 17th zone of the Indian Railways, operated by the Ministry of Railways.

## History

In 1969, the Metropolitan Transport Project was formed under Indian Railways. In 1971, MTP proposed to build 5 rapid transit lines for Kolkata. With help of Soviet specialists (Lenmetroproekt) and East German engineers, prepared a master plan to provide metro lines for the city of Kolkata, totaling a route length of 97.5 km in 1971.

## Lines

Currently it owns and operates Blue Line, Purple Line, Orange Line and operates Green Line. It will operate other lines (Yellow, Pink) after their completion. From July 2019, KMRC handed over the operations of Green Line to Metro Railway, Kolkata.

## Construction
### Under Metro Railway, Kolkata

It is currently constructing the Yellow Line. It is a 16.876 km long line from Noapara to Barasat.

### Total sanctioned projects

* No. of projects: 6
* Total length: 98.3 kilometres (61.1 mi)
* Sanctioned cost: ₹23,481.79 crore (US$2.7 billion)
* Expenditure: ₹91,330.02 crore (US$11 billion) (up to March 2019)
* Budget outlay (2019-20): ₹1,676 crore (US$190 million)

## Departments

* Accounts
* Electrical
* Vigilance
* Traffic
* Engineering
* Signalling
* Personnel
* Medical
* Stores

## Magazine

Metro Chetna, a e-magazine published in Hindi, every 3 months by Metro Railway, Kolkata. It was first published in 2017, and discontinued in 2018.

## Durga Puja arrangements

Some special arrangements and services are made especially during Durga Puja and Depavali every year. These are-
* Greeting passengers along with commercial displays
* Distribution of pamphlets among pandal hoppers showing names of important puja pandals around the 24 stations
* Affixing of posters at earmarked locations inside 24 stations displaying names of important Puja pandals
* Vinyl stickers conveying festive greetings
* Placement of directional boards, showing names of well-known puja pandals for better crowd management
# Abeïbara massacres

The Abeïbara massacres were several massacres carried out by the Malian Armed Forces and Wagner Group against Tuareg civilians in and around Abeïbara, Mali between June 20 and 29, 2024. At least seventy people were killed in the massacres.

## Background

Following renewed conflict between former Tuareg rebel groups now under the coalition CSP-PSD and the Malian junta aided by Russian mercenaries from the Wagner Group that began in August 2023, Malian and Wagner forces launched an offensive on the Tuareg rebel capital of Kidal, capturing it in November 2023. Remaining CSP-PSD fighters fled to the rural towns of Abeïbara, Tinzaouaten, and the Adrar des Ifoghas mountains. The Abeibara area also has a presence of the jihadist coalition Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin (JNIM).
In June 2024, Malian and Wagner forces conducted an operation around Abeibara. Their convoys left the towns of Kidal and Tessalit, and settled in Imaswaqassen, a village four kilometers from Abeibara. Clashes broke out with the CSP-PSD in this area between June 21 and 22, and JNIM detonated nine IEDs near and on the Malian and Wagner forces.

## Massacres

Malian and Wagner forces launched reprisal attacks on civilians, assuming they were harboring CSP-PSD or JNIM militants. These killings took place between June 20 and 29. The son of the chief of Abeibara stated that the Malian and Wagner forces killed old men and shepherds and looted everything valuable they owned. The massacres took place in a forty kilometer radius in the villages of Aghli, Emadjlal, Hidjous, Akomas, Ouzen, and several others. Photos began circulating online of bodies in the streets of the villages. Tuareg civil rights organization Kal Akal dubbed the massacres as an ethnic cleansing campaign against Tuaregs. Malian and Wagner forces also poisoned water wells to kill livestock and civilians in Abeibara.
The exact death toll of the massacres is unknown. JNIM reported that 15 people were killed. RFI reported that all of the people were killed were civilians, with the exception of one CSP-PSD fighter and one to six JNIM jihadists. Wassim Nasr reported at least seventy civilians were killed or missing, citing local groups. Some of the bodies were put in mass graves, while others were tied up and scattered in the bush in isolation. No clan of Tuareg was targeted in particular; Ifoghas Tuaregs, Imghad Tuaregs, and Daoussahak were all targeted and killed. Many of the Imghad and Daoussahak were refugees from the Ménaka offensive in 2022 and 2023.
# Regina Vandysheva

Regina Vandysheva (born 31 October 1992) is a Kazakhstani model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Kazakhstan 2014 and represented her country at Miss World 2015 pageants.

## Personal life

Currently, Regina is being an Athlete as her professional career. In 2014, Regina was crowned as Miss Almaty 2014. Together at the event the reigning Miss Kazakhstan 2013, Aiday Isaeva gave a crown to Regina. Automatically she competed at Miss Kazakhstan 2014 National contest.

### Miss Kazakhstan 2014

On 28 November 2014, Regina was crowned as Miss Kazakhstan 2014.

### Miss World 2015

According to the official website of Miss Kazakhstan Organization, Regina joined at Miss World 2015 pageant and placed Top 20.
# Viktoriya Khitrinska

Viktoriya Khitrinska (Ukrainian: Вікторія Хітрінська born 1991 in Mykolaiv) is a Ukrainian diver.

## Career

She competed at the 2005 European Junior Aquatics Championships, held in Elektrostal, where she received a silver medal in 10 m platform event and two bronze medals in 1 m and 3 m springboard events.
Viktoriya represented her country at the 2006 European Junior Diving Championships, held in Palma de Mallorca winning two gold medals in 1 m and also 3 m springboard event and a bronze in 10 m platform event. She became the most successful competitor of this European Junior Championship.
Then she competed at the 2006 World Junior Diving Championships in Kuala Lumpur, where she won a bronze medal in 1 m springboard event.
# 2000 Preston by-election

The 2000 Preston by-election was a parliamentary by-election held in England on 23 November 2000, to elect a new Member of Parliament (MP) for the House of Commons constituency of Preston in Lancashire.
The vacancy was caused by the death on 2 September 2000 of Audrey Wise, the constituency's Labour Party MP. The Labour vote share declined, but with the main beneficiaries being fringe parties, the Labour candidate Mark Hendrick held the seat comfortably. The by-election was held on the same day as the 2000 West Bromwich West by-election and the 2000 Glasgow Anniesland by-election, both also won by the Labour Party.
Peter Garrett used the description "Preston Christian Alliance". David Braid used the description "Battle for Britain".
23 November 2000 was the last time three or more by-elections occurred on a single day until November 2012, when three by elections occurred on 15 November and three more on 29 November.

## Results

2000 Preston by-election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Mark Hendrick | 9,765 | 45.7 | −15.1 |
| | Conservative | Graham O'Hare | 5,339 | 25.0 | +3.1 |
| | Liberal Democrats | Bill Chadwick | 3,454 | 16.2 | +1.5 |
| | Socialist Alliance | Terry Cartwright | 1,210 | 5.7 | New |
| | UKIP | Gregg Beaman | 458 | 2.1 | New |
| | Green | Richard Merrick | 441 | 2.1 | New |
| | CPA | Peter Garrett | 416 | 2.0 | New |
| | BNP | Chris Jackson | 229 | 1.1 | New |
| | Independent | David Franklin-Braid | 51 | 0.2 | New |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 4,426 | 20.7 | −18.2 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 21,363 | 29.4 | −36.4 |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | -9.1 | |

## Previous general election result, 1997

General election 1997: Preston :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Audrey Wise | 29,220 | 60.8 | +6.5 |
| | Conservative | Paul Gray | 10,540 | 21.9 | −5.9 |
| | Liberal Democrats | Bill Chadwick | 7,045 | 14.7 | −2.5 |
| | Referendum | John Porter | 924 | 1.9 | New |
| | Natural Law | John Ashforth | 345 | 0.7 | 0.0 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 18,680 | 38.9 | +12.4 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 48,074 | 65.8 | −5.9 |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | +6.2 | |
# Jamie Pollock (footballer, born 1992)

Jamie Pollock (born 20 February 1992) is a Scottish footballer, who plays amateur football for Nicos United. He has previously played in the Scottish Premier League for Motherwell and for Scottish lower leagues teams such as East Fife, Clyde and Albion Rovers.

## Career

A midfielder, Pollock started his career with Motherwell. He made his first-team debut against Celtic on 13 December 2009, coming off the bench as Motherwell lost the match 3-2. On 7 June 2011, Pollock signed a one-year professional contract at Motherwell. On 11 May 2012, unlike the previous season, Pollock would not be awarded with a new contract, leaving the club at the end of the 2011-12 season.
On 21 February 2012, Pollock joined Third Division club Clyde on a one-month loan, making his debut as a substitute the same day against Elgin City.
Pollock played as a trialist for East Fife in a league game against Arbroath on 15 September 2012, and signed for the club a few days later after impressing in training. Pollock left East Fife in January.
Pollock signed for his near namesake Pollok, on 1 August 2013. He made his debut in the first game of the season against St Anthony's setting up the only goal of the match in a 1-0 win at McKenna Park. Pollock was later released by the club on 25 August citing that he was only playing for Pollok on a temporary basis.
Albion Rovers picked up Pollock in the summer of 2014 but he ended the season on a second loan spell at Clyde. He lined up for new Junior side Gartcairn Juniors in 2015 alongside former Hibernian star Tam McManus but moved on to amateur football by November.
# Inshorts

Inshorts is a news aggregator and content distribution company based in India that publishes a software app that sends out news stories in 60-word bites.
The co-founders are Azhar Iqubal (Chairman), Anunay Pandey (Director), and Deepit Purkayastha (CEO).

## Funding

Inshorts has raised a total funding of $119M over six venture capital rounds. Its first funding round was on 5 September, 2013. Its latest funding round was a Series D round on Jul 15, 2021, for $60M. One investor, Vy Capital, participated in its latest round.
# Międzylesie, Turek County

Międzylesie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Władysławów, within Turek County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) south-east of Władysławów, 8 km (5 mi) north of Turek, and 113 km (70 mi) east of the regional capital Poznań.
# Hayden High School (Arizona)

Hayden High School is a high school in Hayden, Arizona. It is part of the Hayden-Winkelman Unified School District; it was founded in 1936 to serve the mining community.
# The Amazing Adventures of the Living Corpse

The Amazing Adventures of the Living Corpse is a 2012 American animated 3D horror film directed by Justin Paul Ritter, written by Ritter and Ryan Plato, and starring Michael Villar as an intelligent zombie who seeks to protect his son. It is based on The Living Corpse Exhumed, a comic book by Ken Haeser and Buz Hasson.

## Plot

As a zombie apocalypse begins, a group of zombies attack the residents in a house. When the family recognizes one of the zombies as a family member, the zombie is shocked back to his senses and decides to protect his family.

## Cast

* Michael Villar as the Living Corpse

## Release

The Amazing Adventures of the Living Corpse premiered at the 2012 San Diego Comic-Con. Four days later, it was picked up for distribution by Anchor Bay Entertainment. Director Ritter delayed the release of the film several times so that he could fix issues with it. It was released on home video on June 18, 2013.

## Reception

Gordon Sullivan of DVD Verdict said, "For most viewers the story isn't coherent enough to justify the low-tech animation." Ryan Keefer of DVD Talk rated the film 2/5 stars and said, "The corpse's adventures are less amazing and more mundane." Todd Dugan of The Digital Bits rated it D− and said that he would not recommend it to either horror or animation fans.
# Naylor Gardens

Naylor Gardens is a small neighborhood located in southeast Washington, D.C. It is bounded by Alabama Avenue SE, Naylor Road SE, Good Hope Road SE, and Branch Avenue SE. The neighborhood is located in the area south and east of the Anacostia River.
Naylor Gardens was founded in 1943, when the Defense Homes Corporation, a federal agency of the United States government which constructed housing for defense workers during World War II, constructed the $6 million, 750-unit Naylor Gardens apartment complex. The complex opened on February 1, 1943. Naylor Gardens is dominated by a housing cooperative. Hailed by The Washington Post as one of D.C.'s last best kept secrets, the neighborhood is minutes away from Capitol Hill and the Anacostia and Potomac riverfronts, and a short walk to the Southeast waterfront. The community is adjacent to Hillcrest to the northeast, Skyland to the northwest, and Garfield Heights to the west.
# Woody Gap

Woody Gap is a mountain ridge gap in northern Georgia where the Appalachian Trail crosses State Highway 60. At 3,160 ft above sea level, it affords scenic vistas of Yahoola Valley below and its trailhead is open to the public year-round. It is named for Arthur Woody, an early conservationist.
# Carlo Marangoni

Carlo Giuseppe Matteo Marangoni (29 April 1840 – 14 April 1925) was an Italian physicist.

## Biography

Marangoni graduated in 1865 from the University of Pavia under the supervision of Giovanni Cantoni with a dissertation entitled "Sull' espansione delle gocce liquide" ("On the spreading of liquid droplets").
He then moved to Florence where he first worked at the "Museo di Fisica" (1866) and later at the Liceo Dante (1870), where he held the position of High School Physics Teacher for 45 years until retirement in 1916.
He primarily studied surface phenomena in liquids, and the Marangoni effect and the Marangoni number are named after him. He also contributed to meteorology and invented a Nefoscopio to observe clouds.

## Aspirator and Compressor

Marangoni simplified the aspirator for the measurement of gas. A common flaw in aspirator were inaccurate measurements caused by ascending of air or gas through descending liquid. The perfected device uses a couple of vessels attached to a fixed horizontal shaft, FE, which rests on two erect supports. The shaft has various passages which conducts the functions of the taps. The water of the above receptacle releases into the bottom receptacle by passage A, and through the tube, BC, issuing at the lowest extremity at C. The air within the bottom vessel is omitted by the passage DE, cut into the shaft, meanwhile the air or gas is aspirated in the identical ratio by the passage, FG.
# Miława

Miława is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Trzemeszno, within Gniezno County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) south-east of Trzemeszno, 22 km (14 mi) east of Gniezno, and 70 km (43 mi) east of the regional capital Poznań.
# Moczydła, Czarnków-Trzcianka County

Moczydła is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Drawsko, within Czarnków-Trzcianka County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.
# Modlica, Greater Poland Voivodeship

Modlica is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Pyzdry, within Września County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) south of Pyzdry, 23 km (14 mi) south of Września, and 60 km (37 mi) south-east of the regional capital Poznań.
# Minuscule 506

Minuscule 506 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), δ 101 (in the Soden numbering), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 11th-century. Scrivener labelled it by number 492$^e$, 193$^a$, 277$^p$, and 26$^r$. It was adapted for liturgical use.

## Description

The codex contains the text of the New Testament on 240 parchment leaves (size 31.3 cm by 23.5 cm) with numerous lacunae. It is written in two columns per page, 36 lines per page. It has 12 omissions by homoioteleuton, N εφελκυστικον with ειπεν occurs 190 times, elsewhere 392 times in the Gospels. It has a large number of the itacistic errors (658). Codex contains a large number of the transcriptural errors.
The text is divided according to the κεφαλαια (chapters), whose numbers are given at the margin, with their τιτλοι (titles of chapters) at the top of the pages. There is also a division according to the Ammonian Sections (in Mark 233 sections, the last section in 16:8) in black, with references to the Eusebian Canons in red.
It contains the Epistula ad Carpianum, Eusebian Canon tables, prolegomena to the Gospels, tables of the κεφαλαια (tables of contents) are placed before each book, lectionary markings at the margin, incipits, Lectionary books with hagiographies (Synaxarion, Menologion), pictures, and Euthalian Apparatus. Some illuminations were cut out. It has also some other material about synods, about Joseph, epistle of Basil to Gregory of Nyssa.

### Lacunae

Luke 16:26-30; 17:5-8; 24:22-24; John 1:1-7:39; 8:31-9:11; 10:10-11:54; 12:36-13:27; Acts 1:1-7:49; 10:19-14:10; 15:15-16:11; 18:1-21:25; 23:18-28:31; James 1:1-3:17; 1 Corinthians 12:11-15:12; 16:13-15; 2 Corinthians 13:4. 5; Galatians [5:16-6:1]; 6:1-18; 2 Timothy 3:10. 11; Titus 3:5-7.

## Text

The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-type. Hermann von Soden included it to the textual family K$^x$. Aland placed it in Category V.
According to the Claremont Profile Method it represents textual cluster 276 in Luke 1, Luke 10, and Luke 20.

## History

Gregory dated the manuscript to the 11th or 12th-century. Currently it is dated by the INTF to the 11th-century.
The manuscript was written by Dionysius, a scribe (hence name of the codex). The manuscript came from Constantinople to England about 1731 and belonged to archbishop of Canterbury, William Wake, together with minuscule manuscripts 73, 74, 507-520. Wake presented it to the Christ Church College in Oxford. In 1732 John Walker slightly collated it for Bentley. Gregory saw it in 1883.
The manuscript was thoroughly collated by Scrivener (as W$^d$) in 1864 and was added to the list of the New Testament minuscule manuscripts (as 492$^e$, 193$^a$, 277$^p$, and 26$^r$). C. R. Gregory gave for it 506$^e$, 199$^a$, 256$^p$, and 26$^r$. In 1908 Gregory gave for it one number for all parts of the codex - 506.
Herman C. Hoskier collated the text of the Apocalypse.
It is currently housed at Christ Church (Wake 12) in Oxford.
# Modła Królewska

Modła Królewska is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stare Miasto, within Konin County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) south of Stare Miasto, 9 km (6 mi) south-west of Konin, and 92 km (57 mi) east of the regional capital Poznań.
# St. John Arena (Steubenville)

St. John's Arena was a 4,200-seat multipurpose arena located in Steubenville, Ohio U.S. was primarily used for indoor soccer, basketball, boxing, professional wrestling, wrestling, and other sports, plus conventions, trade shows, and concerts. As of 2024, the arena, which was a part of a local YMCA, is no longer in use.

## About

St. John Arena was built as the Diocesan Community Arena by the Diocese of Steubenville, and was completed in 1960. Among the musical acts that appeared at the arena in its early days were Johnny Mathis, The Supremes, Bobby Rydell, Bobby Vinton and Chubby Checker, along with several popular big bands. It is not known whether Steubenville's most famous native son, Dean Martin, ever appeared in concert at the arena.
The arena floor measures 16,290 sq ft (1,513 m$^2$), 181 by 90 ft (55 by 27 m), while the lobby measures 4,425 sq ft (411.1 m$^2$), 177 by 25 ft (53.9 by 7.6 m). There is a 2,210 sq ft (205 m$^2$), 65 by 34 ft (20 by 10 m) meeting room at the arena, and several tractor trailers can be accommodated at the rear of the arena, thanks to access through a 12 by 11 ft (3.7 by 3.4 m) garage door at the arena's loading bay.
When used for concerts, the arena can seat up to 5,400, and as a basketball arena it seats 5,200. The Steubenville O.H. St. John's Arena is now used as a YMCA Wellness Center.
The Ohio Junior High wrestling championships were held at the arena.
# September 1993 Bill Clinton speech to a joint session of Congress

Bill Clinton, the 42nd President of the United States, discussed his plan for health care reform in a speech delivered to a joint session of the 103rd United States Congress on September 22, 1993, at 9:00 PM (EDT). The speech was delivered to Congress on the floor of the chamber of the United States House of Representatives in the United States Capitol. House Speaker Tom Foley presided over the joint session and was accompanied by the President of the United States Senate, Al Gore, the Vice President of the United States.
# Operation Devon

Operation Devon was the code name of an amphibious landing by British Commandos in 1943 at Termoli, on the Adriatic coast of Italy, during the Italian Campaign of World War II.

## Landing

Devon was launched on 3 October 1943, as part of the attack on the Volturno Line, and was undertaken by No. 3 Commando, No. 40 (Royal Marine) Commando and other elements of the 2nd Special Service Brigade. It was later reinforced by two brigades of the British 78th Infantry Division.
In the early hours of 3 October 1943, 3 and 40 Commandos, and elements of the Special Raiding Squadron landed behind the German lines under cover of darkness at Termoli, a seaport town on the Adriatic coast, north of the Biferno River. 40 Commando penetrated well into the town before the Germans were alerted.
There was brisk close-quarter fighting with German paratroopers from Kampfgruppe Rau – a defensive detachment made up of one Fallschirmjäger (paratrooper) platoon, with flak, engineer, transport and other support units from 1. Fallschirmjäger Division.
By 08:00 hours, the commandos had captured the town and controlled the approaches. So complete was the surprise that the kampfgruppe commander, Major Rau, was wearing pyjamas when captured, and German vehicles and motorcyclists drove into a commando ambush position until around noon.
Elements of the 78th Division, including tanks, had arrived to reinforce the commandos by the time German forces counter-attacked in strength: two battalions from 16. Panzer Division and the paratroopers of Kampfgruppe Schultz. The British held off repeated counter-attacks until 6 October. By noon on the 6th they had linked up with the British Eighth Army, and by noon on the 6th the enemy was in full retreat.

## Aftermath

The operation was a success. It had won a valuable harbour and the assault force had repelled all counterattacks. Devon subsequently caused German forces to withdraw from the natural defence line on the Biferno and denied them use of an important lateral road from Naples, thereby forcing them to retreat further northwards.
The operation had been a costly one for the commandos, however. Between them they lost three officers and 29 other ranks (ORs) killed, seven officers and 78 ORs wounded, and one officer and 22 ORs missing.
# Moraczewo, Leszno County

Moraczewo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rydzyna, within Leszno County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) south-east of Rydzyna, 14 km (9 mi) south-east of Leszno, and 72 km (45 mi) south of the regional capital Poznań.