OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Arithmetic combinatorics

In mathematics, arithmetic combinatorics is a field in the intersection of number theory, combinatorics, ergodic theory and harmonic analysis.

## Scope

Arithmetic combinatorics is about combinatorial estimates associated with arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division). Additive combinatorics is the special case when only the operations of addition and subtraction are involved.
Ben Green explains arithmetic combinatorics in his review of "Additive Combinatorics" by Tao and Vu.

## Important results
### Szemerédi's theorem

Szemerédi's theorem is a result in arithmetic combinatorics concerning arithmetic progressions in subsets of the integers. In 1936, Erdős and Turán conjectured that every set of integers A with positive natural density contains a k term arithmetic progression for every k. This conjecture, which became Szemerédi's theorem, generalizes the statement of van der Waerden's theorem.

### Green–Tao theorem and extensions

The Green–Tao theorem, proved by Ben Green and Terence Tao in 2004, states that the sequence of prime numbers contains arbitrarily long arithmetic progressions. In other words, there exist arithmetic progressions of primes, with k terms, where k can be any natural number. The proof is an extension of Szemerédi's theorem.
In 2006, Terence Tao and Tamar Ziegler extended the result to cover polynomial progressions. More precisely, given any integer-valued polynomials P$_1$,..., P$_k$ in one unknown m all with constant term 0, there are infinitely many integers x, m such that x + P$_1$(m), ..., x + P$_k$(m) are simultaneously prime. The special case when the polynomials are m, 2m, ..., km implies the previous result that there are length k arithmetic progressions of primes.

### Breuillard–Green–Tao theorem

The Breuillard–Green–Tao theorem, proved by Emmanuel Breuillard, Ben Green, and Terence Tao in 2011, gives a complete classification of approximate groups. This result can be seen as a nonabelian version of Freiman's theorem, and a generalization of Gromov's theorem on groups of polynomial growth.

## Example

If A is a set of N integers, how large or small can the sumset
    $A+A:=\{x+y:x,y\in A\},$
the difference set
    $A-A:=\{x-y:x,y\in A\},$
and the product set
    $A\cdot A:=\{xy:x,y\in A\}$
be, and how are the sizes of these sets related? (Not to be confused: the terms difference set and product set can have other meanings.)

## Extensions

The sets being studied may also be subsets of algebraic structures other than the integers, for example, groups, rings and fields.
# Chemal FC

Chemal FC, before August 2022 known as ASC Tidjikja is a Mauritanian football club based in Nouakchott, the capital of Mauritania. The club plays in the Mauritanian Premier League.

## Stadium

Currently the team plays at the 10,000 capacity Stade Olympique (Nouakchott).

## Titles

* Coupe du Président de la République
** Runners-up (1): 2015
* Coupe de la Ligue Nationale
** Winners (1): 2018
** Runners-up (1): 2017
# Beechville-Lakeside-Timberlea Trail

The Beechville Lakeside Timberlea Trail (also known as the BLT Trail) is a multi-use recreational trail in Halifax, Nova Scotia that runs from Lewis Lake to Beechville. The trail is named for the towns through which it travels, namely Timberlea, Lakeside, and Beechville from west to east. The route is parallel to Trunk 3. The trail is part of the Rum Runners trail system, going from Halifax to Lunenburg, which is part of Nova Scotia's Blue Route cycling network.

## History

The rail line the trail follows now was built by Halifax and South Western Railway (H&SW) in 1904 to service towns along the South Shore. In 1906, H&SW merged with Canadian Northern Railway and in 1918, facing bankruptcy, was acquired by the federal government and placed under the control of the newly formed Canadian National Railways (CN). In 1969, CN ended passenger service along the line. In 1993, the tracks along which the trail runs today were abandoned and in 1997, the property was given to the provincial Department of Natural Resources at no cost.

## Route

The western trailhead can be found at the intersection of Trunk 3 and St. Margaret's Bay Trail in Lewis Lake. The trail travels east through Hubley before going under an overpass carrying Hwy 103. It crosses Trunk 3 again in Timberlea and continues west along Governor Lake before entering Lakeside and then Beechville, where it ends at the intersection of Lakeside Park Drive and the Chain of Lakes Trail.
# Ski orienteering at the 2025 Winter World University Games

Ski orienteering at the 2025 Winter World University Games was held at Pragelato Plan from 19 to 21 January 2025, making its return after absent during the 2023 Winter Games.

## Events

| Event | Gold | Gold | Silver | Silver | Bronze | Bronze |
| Men's sprint details | Teodor Mo Hjelseth Norway | 12:52 | Jonatan Ståhl Sweden | 12:54 | Josef Nagy Czech Republic | 13:03 |
| Women's sprint details | Amanda Yli-Futka Finland | 12:39 | Idunn Strand Norway | 13:15 | Delia Giezendanner Switzerland | 13:22 |
| Mixed relay details | Finland 1 Amanda Yli-Futka Niklas Ekström | 45:10 | Sweden 1 Anna Aasa Jonatan Ståhl | 45:19 | Switzerland 1 Delia Giezendanner Corsin Boos | 45:28 |

## Medal table

* Host nation (Italy)
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Finland | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 2 | Norway | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 3 | Sweden | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 4 | Switzerland | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 5 | Czech Republic | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (5 entries) | Totals (5 entries) | 3 | 3 | 3 | 9 |

## Participating nations

* Austria (2)
* Czech Republic (2)
* Estonia (2)
* Finland (7)
* Germany (3)
* Italy (3) (Hosts)
* Japan (2)
* Kazakhstan (10)
* Latvia (4)
* Lithuania (2)
* Norway (11)
* Switzerland (3)
* Slovakia (3)
* Sweden (4)
# European Telecommunications Standards Institute

The European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) is an independent, not-for-profit, standardization organization operating in the field of information and communications. ETSI supports the development and testing of global technical standards for ICT-enabled systems, applications and services.

## Overview and history

ETSI was set up in 1988 by the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT) following a proposal from the European Commission (EC). ETSI is the officially recognized body with a responsibility for the standardization of information and communication technologies (ICT). It is one of the three bodies officially recognized by the European Union as a European Standards Organisation (ESO), the others being CEN and CENELEC. The role of the ESOs is to support EU regulation and policies through the production of harmonised European Standards (ENs) and other deliverables. The standards developed by ESOs are the only ones that can be recognized as ENs.
ETSI develops standards in key global technologies such as: GSM, TETRA, 3G, 4G, 5G, DECT.
ETSI's standardization activities are organized around sectors: Home & Office, Better Living with ICT, Content Delivery, Networks, Wireless Systems, Transportation, Connecting Things, Interoperability, Public Safety and Security. Technical activities are carried out in the different ETSI technical groups (Technical Committee (TC), ETSI Project (EP), ETSI Partnership Project (EPP), Industry Specification Group (ISG), and Special Committee (SC). ETSI's Cloud Group aims to consider standardisation within cloud computing and conformity with interoperability standards in this field.
In October 2023, ETSI reported a data breach. Hackers stole a database containing information on ETSI's online users.

## Membership

ETSI has more than 900 member organizations worldwide from 65 countries and five continents. Its community is diverse and includes all the key stakeholders of the ICT sector: private companies, research entities, academia, government and public bodies as well as societal stakeholders. Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) and Micro-Enterprises (MEs) represent more than a quarter of ETSI's total membership. The list of current members can be found on the ETSI website.
Membership contributions are calculated depending on the type of membership. Members' and associate members' contributions are calculated by class which is derived from the member company's annual ECRT band.

## Location

The organisation is located in Sophia-Antipolis, in the south of France.
# August 2023 Chilean winter storm

The August 2023 Chilean winter storm was a winter storm affecting Central Chile. The regions spanning from Valparaíso in the north to Bío Bío in the south were impacted. Three people died as a consequence of the events. The total number of affected people was counted as 33,234 and 42,120 people were left temporarily isolated due to the shutdown of roads. By August 23 and 24, damages to houses were counted as following; 21,832 houses with minor damage, 2,899 with major damage and 44 houses destroyed and while the impact on 1,509 houses was still being evaluated.
# Whitchurch Alport F.C.

Whitchurch Alport Football Club is an English football club based in Whitchurch, Shropshire. The club participates in the Midland League Premier Division.

## History

The club were formed in 1946 in the football season that followed World War II, being named after Alport Farm in Alport Road, Whitchurch, which had been the home of Coley Maddocks, a local footballer who had been killed in action in the war. They joined the Shrewsbury and District League, spending two seasons in the league, winning the title in their second season. In 1948 they were briefly elected as members of the Birmingham League, before becoming founder members of the Mid-Cheshire League.
In 1974 they became the last English team to take the Welsh Amateur Cup out of Wales prior to its becoming the Welsh Intermediate Cup, defeating Cardiff College of Education 2–1 at Latham Park, Newtown.
They were admitted to the North West Counties Football League Division One from the Mercian Regional Football League in 2015.
On 24 September 2019, Alport lifted the Shropshire Senior Cup for the first time – defeating reigning champions Shrewsbury Town 3–1 in the final at New Meadow. At the end of the 2020–21 season the club were transferred to the Premier Division of the Midland League.

## Ground

The club play at Yockings Park. The dressing rooms were constructed from wooden packing crates acquired from the Military Camp at Prees Heath shortly after the end of World War II.

## Records

* Best FA Cup performance: 1st qualifying round, 2019–20, 2022–23, 2024–25 (replay)
* Best FA Vase performance: Quarter-finals, 2021–22, 2024–25

## Honours

* Mid-Cheshire League
** Winners 1969–70
** Runners-up 1949–50, 1954–55, 1970–71, 1977–78
* Shrewsbury & District League
** Winners 1947–48
* Welsh Amateur Cup/Welsh Intermediate Cup
** Winners 1973–74
** Runners-up 1958–59, 1976–77
* Shropshire County Cup
** Winners 1969–70, 1997–98, 2008–09, 2021–22, 2022–23
** Runners-up 1995–96
* Shropshire County FA Huddersfield Cup
** Winners 2018–19
* Shropshire Senior Cup
** Winners 2019
# Ego Trip (Kurtis Blow album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Christgau's Record Guide | B− |
| The Encyclopedia of Popular Music | |
| The Philadelphia Inquirer | |
| The Rolling Stone Album Guide | |
Ego Trip is the fourth album by the rapper Kurtis Blow, released in 1984 on Mercury Records. The only charting singles were "8 Million Stories", which peaked at 45 on the Hot Black Singles chart, and "Basketball", which peaked at 71 on the Hot 100.

## Critical reception

Trouser Press dubbed Ego Trip one of Blow's "state-of-the-art in an almost mainstream vein" early albums, noting that the inclusion of Run-D.M.C. was a "concerted effort to get hipper." The Washington Post wrote that Blow "knows how to mix plain talk with his rhymes, so that his records carry an extra bit of street feel, but his most impressive moments come when he exploits the studio, as he does on the intoxicatingly sinuous 'AJ Scratch'." The Philadelphia Inquirer wrote that "the hit single 'Eight Million Stories' suggests that other people are worthier subjects of his songwriting than Kurtis Blow."
In a tribute to "Basketball" and its legacy, Slam wrote that "none of the NBA/hip-hop empire building happens—or at the very least none of it happens the way we remember it happening—without the skills of Kurtis Blow."

## Track listing

* "8 Million Stories" – 8:00 (featuring Run-D.M.C.)
* "AJ Scratch" – 5:48
* "Basketball" – 6:30
* "Under Fire" – 7:23
* "I Can't Take it No More" – 4:14
* "Ego Trip" – 5:34
* "Fallin Back in Love Again" – 5:23

## Charts
### Weekly charts

| Chart (1984–1985) | Peak position |
| US Billboard 200 | 83 |
| US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums (Billboard) | 18 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (1985) | Position |
| US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums (Billboard) | 47 |
# Bradyrhizobium retamae

Bradyrhizobium retamae is a bacterium from the genus of Bradyrhizobium.
# America (Kurtis Blow album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Christgau's Record Guide | B |
America is the fifth album by rapper Kurtis Blow, released in 1985 on Mercury Records. The album includes the song "If I Ruled the World" from the film Krush Groove, Blow's biggest hit since "The Breaks" and one of the last of his musical career. The album was the first album Kurtis Blow produced in a new deal with PolyGram Records that gave Kurtis the title Hip Hop's First Millionaire. The album was released in an era when old school hip hop was being overtaken by a harder sound and attitude. The album includes the first sample loop that revolutionized the music industry. The single, "If I Ruled the World", reached number 24 in the UK Singles Chart in January 1986.

## Track listing

* "America (Vocal)" (Kurtis Blow) – 6:17
* "America (Dub Mix)" (Blow) – 2:42
* "Super Sperm" (Blow) – 1:16
* "AJ Meets Davy DMX" (Blow, David Reeves) – 6:37
* "Hello Baby" (Blow, Reeves) – 6:42
* "If I Ruled the World" (Blow, Reeves, Aaron O'Bryant) – 7:10
* "Respect to the King"(Blow, Delaney McGill) – 1:57
* "AJ is Cool" (Blow, Reeves) – 5:51
* "Summertime Groove" (Blow, Danny Harris, Robert Robertson) – 5:44
* "MC Lullaby" (Blow) – :28
* "Don't Cha Feel Like Making Love" (Anthony Foster, Daniel Harris) – 4:16
# 2023 Ethiopian state of emergency

A six-month state of emergency was declared on 4 August 2023 by the Ethiopian government in response to severe conflict and instabilities in Amhara Region after the Amhara militia Fano and the Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF) clashed in several locations in the region on 1 August. On 3 August, the Amhara Region government requested additional help to the federal troops. The fighting is the most serious security crisis since the Tigray War.
Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed stated on the declaration issue that "it was found necessary to declare a state of emergency as it had become difficult to control this outrageous activity based on the regular legal system." The state of emergency restrictions include a ban on public gatherings, warrantless arrests, as well as imposing of curfew. Internet access has been blocked and Ethiopian Airlines flights to Gondar and Lalibela have been cancelled until the ENDF military retook the towns after a week since the start of the clash. The state of emergency ends on 6 June 2024 after postponed in February 2024.

## Aftermath

Following their control of Amhara towns, the Ethiopian parliament issued arbitrary arrest and searches for civilians without warrant on 13 August. The Ethiopian Federal Police arrested hundred people in Addis Ababa. The measure was criticized by the Ethiopian Human Rights Commission stating "there has been widespread arrest of civilians who are of ethnic Amhara origin." Many activists called out the arbitrary arrest, saying it was targeted to ethnic Amharas. Suspects were captivated in schools, police stations and temporary detention centers after moving to streets.
# Finote Selam drone strike

On 13 August 2023, the Ethiopian National Defense Force launched a drone strike on the town of Finote Selam, in the West Gojjam Zone of Amhara Region in Ethiopia which killed 30 people while injuring more than 55 people who underwent emergency treatment. The strike was occurred after the ENDF recaptured several towns in the Amhara Region during its clashes with Fano militia in early August.
The Ethiopian Human Rights Commission (EHRC) told they received "credible reports of strikes and shelling, including from Debre Birhan, Finote Selam, and Bure, resulting in many civilian casualties and damage to residential areas and public spaces". According to the Ethiopian Media Service, the causality has been arisen to 70 retrieved from some sources.

## Event

On 13 August 2023, a drone strike carried out by the ENDF hit the center of the town of Finote Selam, in the West Gojjam Zone of the Amhara Region. Health workers said 26 people were killed by the strike. A doctor at Finote Selam Hospital said that many injured people were arriving at midday saying "there are many people who died at the site of the accident, but we do not have the exact numbers of that. But the ones who arrived here and passed away are around 26 people as of now." The health workers stated that medical equipment like oxygen tanks couldn't arrive at hospital due to roadblocks as the doctors struggled to treat victims. The hospital official told to Agence France-Presse that the injured civilians arrived "wearing either casual civilian clothing or Sunday traditional clothes".
The attack was the deadliest since the start of the conflict in Amhara Region between the Fano militia and the Ethiopian military. As of 15 August, the death toll rose to 30 with more than 55 injured people receiving emergency treatment. The Ethiopian Media Service stated that the causality number has reached 70 according to some sources.

## Response

The Ethiopian Human Rights Commission (EHRC) called on "conflicting parties to immediately end" for human rights abuses in the region". The commission told they received "credible reports of strikes and shelling, including from Debre Birhan, Finote Selam, and Bure, resulting in many civilian casualties and damage to residential areas and public spaces".
# Marie Roch Louis Reybaud

Marie Roch Louis Reybaud (15 August 1799 – 26 or 28 October 1879) was a French writer, political economist and politician. He was born in Marseille.

## Biography

After travelling in the Levant and in India, he settled in Paris in 1829. Besides writing for the Radical press, he edited the Histoire scientifique et militaire de l'expédition française en Égypte in ten volumes (1830–36) and Dumont d'Urville's Voyage au tour du monde (1833).
In 1840 he published Études sur les réformateurs ou socialistes modernes which gained him the Montyon prize (1841) and a place in the Académie des sciences morales et politiques (1850). In 1843 he published Jérôme Paturot à la recherche d'une position sociale, a clever social satire that had a prodigious success. In 1846 he abandoned his democratic views, and was elected liberal deputy for Marseille.
Reybaud was an early member of the Société d'économie politique organized in 1842 by Pellegrino Rossi.
His Jérôme Paturot a la recherche de 10 meilleure des republiques (1848) was a satire on the new republican ideas. Afterwards he published La Vie de l'emploi (1855), L'Industrie en Europe (1856), Études sur le régime de nos manufactures (1859), and Le coton: son régime, ses problèmes (1863).
Reybaud died in Paris.
# Raj Television Network

Raj Television Network is an Indian satellite television network established on 3 June 1994 and is based in Chennai, India. It owns television channels across four South Indian languages Tamil, Telugu, Kannada and Malayalam. Its flagship channel is Raj TV.

## History

In 1983, four brothers established a video cassette lending company named Raj Video Vision. In 1984, the group started acquiring rights for Tamil films. In 1987, Rajendra an integrated studio was opened by Raj group and were used by independent movie and TV serial producers. The group used the studio to export 35 mm films and teleserials to Singapore, Malaysia, United Kingdom, UAE among others. Raj television network was established on 3 June 1994 with the launch of the Tamil channel Raj TV on 14 October 1994.

## Owned Channels

| Channels | Language | Genre | Notes |
| Raj TV | Tamil | General Entertainment Channel | |
| Raj Digital Plus | Tamil | Movies | |
| Raj Musix Tamil | Tamil | Music | |
| Raj News Tamil | Tamil | News | |
| Seithimalar | Tamil | General Entertainment Channel | (Web) Digital |
| Vissa | Telugu | General Entertainment Channel | |
| Raj Musix Telugu | Telugu | Music | Shutdowning Soon |
| Raj News Telugu | Telugu | News |
| Raj Musix Kannada | Kannada | Music | |
| Raj News Kannada | Kannada | News | |
| Raj Musix Malayalam | Malayalam | Music | |
| Raj News Malayalam | Malayalam | News |
| Shri Raj | OTT | News | |
Shut down channel
| Channels | Language | Genre | Notes |
| Raj Pariwar | Hindi | General Entertainment Channel | 25 December 2013 |
# Lawrence Kelly

Lawrence Kelly may refer to:
* Laurie Kelly Sr. (1883–1955), Australian politician
* Laurie Kelly (politician) (1928–2018), his son, Australian politician
* Lawrence P. Kelly (1913–1999), Wisconsin legislator
* Laurence Kelly (politician) (born 1946), Irish politician
* Laurence Kelly (writer), English writer
* Lawrie Kelly (1911–1979), Scottish footballer
# Atlantis Is Calling (S.O.S. for Love)

"Atlantis Is Calling (S.O.S. for Love)" is a song by German pop duo Modern Talking, released as the second single from their third studio album, Ready for Romance (1986). It is the duo's fifth and final consecutive single to reach No. 1 on the German Singles Chart. "Atlantis is Calling (S.O.S. for Love)" was released in Germany and in other European territories on 28 April 1986, it peaked at No. 1 in Germany on 16 June 1986 after spending two weeks at No. 2 position. The single spent four weeks at the top and total of 14 weeks on the top 100. While "Atlantis Is Calling (S.O.S. for Love)" entered the top five in Switzerland, Austria and Sweden, it managed to chart within the top 10 in the Netherlands and Norway.

## Critical reception

In a review published in Smash Hits, Gary Kemp of the Spandau Ballet band was critical of "Atlantis Is Calling (S.O.S. for Love)", stating he considered it as "rubbish" and that the appeal of the song lies in "the simplicity and the fact that the hookline is 'woah woah woah'", which means that people of any language can sing it.

## Track listings

* 7-inch single (Hansa 108 239 1986)
* "Atlantis Is Calling (S.O.S. for Love)"
* "Atlantis Is Calling (S.O.S. for Love)" (Instrumental)
* 12-inch single (Hansa 608 239 1986)
* "Atlantis Is Calling (S.O.S. for Love)" (Extended Version)
* "Atlantis Is Calling (S.O.S. for Love)" (Instrumental)

## Certifications

Certifications for "Atlantis Is Calling (S.O.S. for Love)" :
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Belgium (BEA) | Gold | 100,000 |