# Suleyman Shah

Suleyman Shah (Ottoman Turkish: سلیمان شاه; Modern Turkish: Süleyman Şah) was, according to Ottoman tradition, the son of Kaya Alp and the father of Ertuğrul, who was the father of Osman I, the founder of the Ottoman Empire. Early Ottoman genealogies disputed this lineage, and either Suleyman Shah or Gündüz Alp could be Osman's grandfather and the father of Ertuğrul. An Ottoman tomb initially in or near Qal'at Ja'bar has historically been associated with Suleyman Shah. He succeeded his father as bey in 1214 when he decided to lead the 50,000 strong tribe West in the face of Mongol invasion. After migrating to the North Caucasus, thousands of Kayis settled in Erzincan and Ahlat in 1214, while some of the other Kayi groups dispersed in Diyarbakir, Mardin, and Urfa.

## Family tree of Süleymanşâh

Various sources linked Süleymanşâh to Osman Gazi and his father Ertuğrul:
Family tree in Şükrullah's Behcetü't Tevârîh
| Oğuz | Oğuz | Oğuz | Oğuz | Oğuz | Oğuz |
| Gökalp | Gökalp | Gökalp | Gökalp | Gökalp | Gökalp |
| Kızıl Boga | Kızıl Boga | Kızıl Boga | Kızıl Boga | Kızıl Boga | Kızıl Boga |
| Kaya Alp | Kaya Alp | Kaya Alp | Kaya Alp | Kaya Alp | Kaya Alp |
| Süleymanşâh | Süleymanşâh | Süleymanşâh | Süleymanşâh | Süleymanşâh | Süleymanşâh |
| Ertuğrul | Ertuğrul | Ertuğrul | Ertuğrul | Ertuğrul | Ertuğrul |
| Osman Gazi | Osman Gazi | Osman Gazi | Osman Gazi | Osman Gazi | Osman Gazi |
Family tree according to Oruç Bey's Oruç Bey Tarihi
| Oğuz | Oğuz | Oğuz | Oğuz | Oğuz | Oğuz |
| Gunhan | Gunhan | Gunhan | Gunhan | Gunhan | Gunhan |
| Kayı Han | Kayı Han | Kayı Han | Kayı Han | Kayı Han | Kayı Han |
| 35 generations | 35 generations | 35 generations | 35 generations | 35 generations | 35 generations |
| Gökalp | Gökalp | Gökalp | Gökalp | Gökalp | Gökalp |
| Basak | Basak | Basak | Basak | Basak | Basak |
| Temür | Temür | Temür | Temür | Temür | Temür |
| Sugançaf | Sugançaf | Sugançaf | Sugançaf | Sugançaf | Sugançaf |
| Bakı Ağa | Bakı Ağa | Bakı Ağa | Bakı Ağa | Bakı Ağa | Bakı Ağa |
| Baysunkur | Baysunkur | Baysunkur | Baysunkur | Baysunkur | Baysunkur |
| Kayıtnun | Kayıtnun | Kayıtnun | Kayıtnun | Kayıtnun | Kayıtnun |
| Tugar | Tugar | Tugar | Tugar | Tugar | Tugar |
| Akulug Ağa | Akulug Ağa | Akulug Ağa | Akulug Ağa | Akulug Ağa | Akulug Ağa |
| Iğla | Iğla | Iğla | Iğla | Iğla | Iğla |
| Baytur | Baytur | Baytur | Baytur | Baytur | Baytur |
| Kızıl Buga | Kızıl Buga | Kızıl Buga | Kızıl Buga | Kızıl Buga | Kızıl Buga |
| Kaya Alp | Kaya Alp | Kaya Alp | Kaya Alp | Kaya Alp | Kaya Alp |
| Süleymanşâh | Süleymanşâh | Süleymanşâh | Süleymanşâh | Süleymanşâh | Süleymanşâh |
| Ertuğrul | Ertuğrul | Ertuğrul | Ertuğrul | Ertuğrul | Ertuğrul |
| Osman Gazi | Osman Gazi | Osman Gazi | Osman Gazi | Osman Gazi | Osman Gazi |
Family tree in Hasan bin Mahmûd el-Bayâtî's Câm-ı Cem-Âyîn
| | | | | | | Kaya Alp | Kaya Alp | Kaya Alp | Kaya Alp | Kaya Alp | Kaya Alp |
| | | | | | | Süleymanşâh | Süleymanşâh | Süleymanşâh | Süleymanşâh | Süleymanşâh | Süleymanşâh | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | Ertuğrul | Ertuğrul | Ertuğrul | Ertuğrul | Ertuğrul | Ertuğrul | | | | | | |
| Savcı Bey | Savcı Bey | Savcı Bey | Savcı Bey | Savcı Bey | Savcı Bey | Osman Gazi | Osman Gazi | Osman Gazi | Osman Gazi | Osman Gazi | Osman Gazi | Gündüz Bey | Gündüz Bey | Gündüz Bey | Gündüz Bey | Gündüz Bey | Gündüz Bey |
Family tree in Âşıkpaşazâde's History of Âşıkpaşazâde
| | | | | | | Oğuz | Oğuz | Oğuz | Oğuz | Oğuz | Oğuz | | |
| | | | | | | Kayık Alp | Kayık Alp | Kayık Alp | Kayık Alp | Kayık Alp | Kayık Alp | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | Gökalp | Gökalp | Gökalp | Gökalp | Gökalp | Gökalp | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | Basuk | Basuk | Basuk | Basuk | Basuk | Basuk | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | Kaya Alp | Kaya Alp | Kaya Alp | Kaya Alp | Kaya Alp | Kaya Alp | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | Süleymanşâh | Süleymanşâh | Süleymanşâh | Süleymanşâh | Süleymanşâh | Süleymanşâh | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | Ertuğrul | Ertuğrul | Ertuğrul | Ertuğrul | Ertuğrul | Ertuğrul | | | | | | |
| Saru-Yatı (Savcı) | Saru-Yatı (Savcı) | Saru-Yatı (Savcı) | Saru-Yatı (Savcı) | Saru-Yatı (Savcı) | Saru-Yatı (Savcı) | Osman Gazi | Osman Gazi | Osman Gazi | Osman Gazi | Osman Gazi | Osman Gazi | Gündüz Alp | Gündüz Alp | Gündüz Alp | Gündüz Alp | Gündüz Alp | Gündüz Alp |
| Bay-Hoca | Bay-Hoca | Bay-Hoca | Bay-Hoca | Bay-Hoca | Bay-Hoca | | | | | | | Ay-Doğdu | Ay-Doğdu | Ay-Doğdu | Ay-Doğdu | Ay-Doğdu | Ay-Doğdu |
Family tree in Neşrî's Kitâb-ı Cihannümâ
| | | | | | | | | | | Süleymanşâh | Süleymanşâh | Süleymanşâh | Süleymanşâh | Süleymanşâh | Süleymanşâh | | | | |
| Sunkur-Tekin | Sunkur-Tekin | Sunkur-Tekin | Sunkur-Tekin | Sunkur-Tekin | Sunkur-Tekin | Ertuğrul | Ertuğrul | Ertuğrul | Ertuğrul | Ertuğrul | Ertuğrul | | | Gündoğdu | Gündoğdu | Gündoğdu | Gündoğdu | Gündoğdu | Gündoğdu | Tündar (Dündar) | Tündar (Dündar) | Tündar (Dündar) | Tündar (Dündar) | Tündar (Dündar) | Tündar (Dündar) |
| Saru-Yatı | Saru-Yatı | Saru-Yatı | Saru-Yatı | Saru-Yatı | Saru-Yatı | Osman Gazi | Osman Gazi | Osman Gazi | Osman Gazi | Osman Gazi | Osman Gazi | | | Gündüz | Gündüz | Gündüz | Gündüz | Gündüz | Gündüz |
In chapter fourteenth of The History of Âşıkpaşazâde of Âşıkpaşazâde, Osman I asserted that he had descended from Gökalp and Suleiman ibn Qutulmish the founder of Anatolian Seljuk Sultanate instead of "Süleymanşâh ibn Kaya Alp". Erhan Afyoncu claims that the identity of Süleyman Şah in the Tomb of Suleyman Shah is unidentified. He also defends that the father of Ertuğrul according to the recent investigations is Gündüz Alp.

## Operation Shah Euphrates

In early 2015, during the Syrian Civil War, on the night of 21–22 February 2015, a Turkish military convoy including tanks and other armored vehicles numbering about 100 entered Syria to evacuate the tomb's 40 guards and to relocate the tomb of Suleyman Shah.
The tomb is now temporarily located in Turkey-controlled territory 200 meters inside Syria, 22 km (14 mi) west of Ayn al-Arab and 5 km (3.1 mi) east of the Euphrates, less than 2 km (1.2 mi) southeast of the Turkish village of Esmesi that is in southernmost Birecik District.
The Turkish government has highlighted that the relocation is temporary, and that it does not constitute any change to the status of the tomb site.

## In fiction

Serdar Gökhan appeared as Süleyman Şah in the Turkish TV series Diriliş: Ertuğrul, where he starred as a main character in the first season, and its sequel, Kuruluş: Osman, where he made a cameo appearance in the thirteenth episode.