OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Alovsat Bakhshiyev

Alovsat Gazanfar Bakhshiyev (Azerbaijani: Əlövset Qəzənfər oğlu Baxşıyev; born 22 June 1956) is an Azerbaijani politician and economist who was the Prime Minister of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic from 2000-2020.

## Biography

Alovsat Gazanfar Bakhshiyev was born on 22 June 1956 in the village of Karimbayli, in the Nakhichevan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. In 1963 he went to secondary school and graduated from high school in 1973. That same year, he entered the Finance and Credit Faculty of the D. Bunyadzade Azerbaijan National Economic Institute (now the Azerbaijan State University of Economics) and in 1977 graduated as an economist.
Bakhshiyev started his career in 1977 as an assistant accountant in the Ilic County Utilities Department. He was in military service in the Soviet Army from 1977 to 1979. From 1979 to 1986, he worked in the wine-growing sovkhoz "50th Anniversary of the Nakhichevan ASSR" as a legal adviser, economist, deputy chief accountant, chief accountant. He worked in the Ilich Regional Agro-Industrial Unity as leading economist-financier since 1986, and then until January 1992 served as Vice Chairman of the Council of People's Deputies of Ilich District. In 1992–1994 he was first deputy chairman and later chairman of the Executive Committee of the Assembly of People's Deputies of Sharur District.
Since August 1994 until February 2000, Bakhshiyev served as the Minister of Finance of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic.
Since 11 February 2000 Bakhshiyev has been serving as the Prime Minister of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic.
From 1990 to 1995 and from 1995 to 2000, he was elected as a deputy of the Supreme Assembly of Nakhchivan.
In 2006 he was awarded the honorary title of Civil Servant of the Autonomous Republic of Nakhchivan. In 2013 Bakhshiyev was awarded by the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Ilham Aliyev, with a 3rd degree "For Service to Fatherland" Order and in 2016 with the Order of Glory.
He is married and has 3 children.
# Gaby Papenburg

Gaby Papenburg (born 27 February 1960 in Walsrode) is a German sport television reporter and television presenter.

## Life

Papenburg studied Comparative literature in Bonn and in Hamburg. In Germany, Papenburg works as a television presenter on broadcaster SAT1. Papenburg is married and has two sons.
# Yukie Osumi

Yukie Osumi (born 1945; Japanese: 大角幸枝, romanized: Ōsumi Yukie) is a Japanese metalsmith. In 2015, she became the first woman in her field to be named a Living National Treasure of Japan.

## Biography

Yukie Osumi was born in Kakegawa, Shizuoka Prefecture, in 1945. She studied art history at Tokyo University of the Arts, graduating in 1969.
When Osumi began metalworking, very few Japanese women were involved in the field. However, she gained the support of mentors such as the well-known metalsmiths Shiro Sekiya and Moriyuki Katsura, the latter of whom granted her her first apprenticeship. After many years of pursuing her craft while working various side jobs to make ends meet, she was finally able to establish herself as a full-time artist and art professor at age 41.

## Style and influences

Osumi is known for her hand-shaped metal vessels, which she hammers into shape from a flat plate before applying intricate decorations. She is a master of the nunome zōgan metal inlay technique. Each of her pieces takes between three and six months to complete. Her designs are often drawn from natural motifs, influenced in part by her childhood in the countryside of Shizuoka.

## Exhibitions

Her pieces have been exhibited both in Japan and abroad, including in the United States and Italy.

## Teaching

In addition to her work as a craftsperson, Osumi has taught at Tokyo Kasei University, where she is now a professor emeritus.

## Awards

For her work, Osumi won the Japan Kōgei Association's President's Award in 1987. In 2014, she was awarded a residency in Japanese metalwork design at the Smithsonian's Freer-Sackler Gallery, the first artist to do so.
In 2015, she was named a Living National Treasure of Japan, as part of a program that supports and honors craftspeople who work using traditional techniques. She was the first female metalsmith to receive this designation. Two years later, she was awarded the Order of the Rising Sun, Gold Rays with Rosette.
# 28th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

The 28th Congress of the CPSU (2 July, 1990 – 13 July, 1990) was held in Moscow. It was held a year ahead of the traditional schedule and turned out to be the last Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) in the history of the party. Notably, this congress displayed open factionalism: opposing views were championed by the centrist "CPSU Central Committee platform" (supported by Gorbachev), the liberal "Democratic Platform" (which included Boris Yeltsin) and the conservative "Marxist Platform".
* Mikhail Gorbachev was reelected General Secretary with a 3411 to 1116 vote. Gorbachev's challenger, Teimuraz Avaliani, received 501 votes with 4020 opposing.
* Vladimir Ivashko was elected deputy general secretary, defeating Yegor Ligachyov.
* A new Party Statute was passed, which formalized the end of the monopoly of power of the CPSU announced at the previous Party Congress.
* The New Union Treaty project was proposed by Gorbachev.
* Boris Yeltsin and some others resigned from the party after the "Democratic Platform" group failed to advance the transition to a parliamentary structure of the organization, while the "Marxist Platform" failed to oppose Gorbachev's reforms of "healing socialism by capitalism".
* The congress failed to issue the next Program, and issued only a Program Declaration.
The first Plenum of the new 28th Central Committee was held 13-14 July, and with the exception of Gorbachev, a completely new 28th Politburo was elected.
Various organizations claiming to be the successor of the CPSU have held congresses continuing the numbering established by the CPSU and its predecessors. The Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1992) held its so-called 29th Restorative CPSU Congress in 1992 declaring the CPSU reinstated. Similarly, the Union of Communist Parties — Communist Party of the Soviet Union, established in 1993, has also held congresses starting from 29th, the most recent being the 33rd Congress.
# International Salt Co. v. United States

International Salt Co. v. United States, 332 U.S. 392 (1947), was a case in which the United States Supreme Court held that the Sherman Act prohibits as per se violations all tying arrangements in which a product for which a seller has a legal monopoly, such as a patent, requires purchasers to buy as well a product for which the seller has no legal monopoly.

## Background

The defendant, International Salt Company, had patented machines for processing salt and mixing or injecting it into various foodstuffs. The company required those who leased machines to buy the salt or salt tablets as well, which was processed through the machines from the defendant. The US government brought a case charging the company of an antitrust violation by the tying of its products. The defendant replied to the charges with the contention that the tying arrangement was necessary to control the quality of salt being used in its machines and claimed that salt not meeting certain standards would damage the machines.

## Issue

The Supreme Court was asked to determine whether such an arrangement was a per se violation of the antitrust laws.

## Decision

The Court found a per se violation. It also rejected the defense that the associated product must meet certain standards since competitors must be given the opportunity to meet them. The defense that customers could buy elsewhere if other vendors sold at lower prices was also rejected since the defendant could foreclose the market simply by meeting it.
# Make the Road New York

Make the Road New York (MRNY) is the largest progressive grassroots immigrant-led organization in New York state. The organization works on issues of workers' rights; immigrant and civil rights; environmental and housing justice; justice for transgender, gender nonconforming, intersex, and queer (TGNCIQ) people; and educational justice. It has over 23,000 members and five community centers in Brooklyn, Queens, Staten Island, Long Island, and Westchester County.
During the Donald Trump administration, Make the Road New York made national headlines for its work to end major banks’ financing of private prisons and immigrant detention centers and for leading protests at JFK Airport after the administration's January 27, 2017, announcement of an executive order suspending entry to refugees and to citizens of seven predominantly Muslim countries.
At the state level, the organization has championed legislation for immigrant New Yorkers, such as the New York Dream Act, which gives undocumented students access to financial resources in higher education, and the State Driver's License Access and Privacy Act, restoring access to driver's licenses for all New Yorkers regardless of immigration status.
There are sister Make the Road organizations in Connecticut, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Nevada.

## History

Make the Road New York was created in 2007 through the merger of two New York City-based organizations, Make the Road by Walking and the Latin American Integration Center.
Make the Road by Walking (MRBW) was a Bushwick, Brooklyn-based community organization founded in 1997 by low-income community members of color motivated by the belief that "the center of leadership must be within the community." It helped community members organize in order to change the public conversation about welfare and improving policy.
The Latin American Integration Center (LAIC), founded in 1992 in Jackson Heights, Queens, provided support to Latin American immigrants in the form of community organizing, adult education, and citizenship assistance.
Make the Road New York opened a Long Island office in Brentwood in 2012 to serve Nassau and Suffolk Counties’ growing immigrant communities. In 2018, through a merger with the Westchester Hispanic Coalition, it began working with immigrant and working-class communities in Westchester County out of its White Plains Office.
In April 2021, co-executive directors Deborah Axt and Javier Valdés stepped down, and Arlenis Morel, Jose Lopez, and Theo Oshiro became the new co-executive directors.
# Bartolomé Castagnola

Bartolomé Castagnola (born June 16, 1970, in Lomas de Zamora, Buenos Aires Province) is an Argentine polo player with a 10-goal polo handicap and ranked among the top twenty players. He is often referred to as Lolo.

## Biography
### Career

Bartolomé Castagnola started playing polo seriously, when he was 14 and his father took him to the La Martina Polo School, where he got to know Adolfo Cambiaso. In 1988, he started playing polo abroad, when he went to San Diego with Marcelo Caset and won the San Diego Open. Since then, he won the Sotogrande Gold Cup, the US Open, the USPA Gold Cup, the Queen's Cup and the Hurlingham Open among other.
He participated 14 times in the Campeonato Argentino Abierto de Polo (Argentine Open), won six times and took part in the final another three times.
Castagnola played for La Martina, Ellerstina, Outback and Dubai and played in Argentina, Spain, Dubai, United Kingdom and Australia. In 2000 he co-founded the La Dolfina Polo Team, together with Adolfo Cambiaso, where he usually played on position 4. In 2011 he split with Cambiaso and founded La Natividad.

### Marriage

Bartolomé is married to Camila Cambiaso, sister of Adolfo Cambiaso. They have four sons: Bartolomé Jr., Camilo, Benicio and Lola, with the two elders also professional polo players, having won the 2019 British Open Polo Championship for Dubai Polo Team.
# Amalda virginea

Amalda virginea is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Ancillariidae.

## Distribution

This marine species is endemic to Australia and occurs off Western Australia.
# St. Patrick's Christian Brothers' College, Kimberley

Christian Brothers’ College Kimberley (“CBC”), the first Christian Brothers’ College (School) in South Africa, was founded by the Christian Brothers from Ireland, UK on 8 September 1897. It is situated in Kimberley, Northern Cape, South Africa. The founder was E.I.Rice. It is a Catholic High School.

## Beginnings

JJ Mulan was the first Head Master. In 1905, the school opened boarding facilities. These hostels were designed by Rogers and Ross. It was built by Church and MacLauchlin.

## School crest

The crest consists of a star, a cross, a circle and a book, that is open. It also shows the symbols A and Ω, Alpha and Omega The meaning is:
* Star an indication of guidance.
* The circle shows eternity.
* Christ is pertained in the cross.
* The open book shows learning from an early age.
* The A and Ω is from Revelation 1:8 "I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the ending, saith the Lord, which is, and which was, and which is to come, the Almighty".

## School motto

Two mottos are used collectively:
* Latin: Facere et Docere, lit. 'To do and to teach' and
* Latin: Age Quod Agis, lit. 'Translated: Do what you do well'

## Temporarily closed

CBC was temporarily closed from 16 February 1900 to 7 May 1900. During World War I it was used as a military hospital. Teaching went ahead in tents erected on the schools premises. In 1933 a clock tower as erected as a memory to the soldiers that died in the war.

## Chapel

On the school’s ground, a chapel was built which opened in 1923. It was designed by an Irish architect o’Connor, G.L.

## Today

It is a co-ed school, with English as medium of education. It is an Independent School, regulated by the Independent Schools Association of Southern Africa (ISASA).

## 1997

In 1997, the school on its 100th year celebration decided to change its name to St Patrick CBC.

## Other CBC schools in South Africa

* Veritas College – Springs, Gauteng
* Christian Brothers' College, St John's Parklands – Cape Town, Western Cape
* Christian Brothers' College, St Joseph's – Bloemfontein, Free State
* St Dominic's College – Welkom, Free State

## Alumni

* Clive Derby-Lewis - A Conservative Party (South Africa) a politician who was a collaborator with Janusz Walus in the assassination of Chris Hani
* Tommy Bedford - Springbok rugby captain and apartheid critic.
* Donald Woods - Journalist and anti-apartheid activist.
* Frank Templeton Prince - British Poet
* John Briscoe – An engineer (water) and received the Stockholm Water Prize.
* Patrick (Pat) Joseph Lyster – Springbok Rugby Wing, playing for the Springboks between 1933 and 1937.
* Graham Etherington –Journalist and editor of Diamond Fields Advertiser
* Reunert Sidney Bauser - Rugby administrator, Freemason Grand Master and Mayor of Kimberley.
* John Steele Chalsty -Investment banker and Chairman of the United Nations Association of the USA
Gosego Realeboga Holele: founder of the 360view renewable energy group
# Name of Quebec City

The official name of Quebec City (used by both the federal and provincial governments) is Québec, with an acute accent, in both official languages of Canada (Canadian English and Canadian French). In English, the acute accent differentiates between the official name of the city named Québec, and the constitutional name of the province named Quebec, spelled without any diacritics. In French, they're both spelled Québec, with an acute accent.

## Distinction with the province

In unofficial English texts, the accent is often dropped and Québec is informally referred to as "Quebec City". In French, names of geographical regions such as provinces and countries are typically preceded by articles whereas city names are not (unless it is part of the name, such as "La Malbaie"). As a result, the province is called le Québec ("in Quebec" = au Québec, "from Quebec" or "of Quebec" = du Québec) while the city remains simply Québec ("in Québec City" = à Québec, "from / of Quebec City" = de Québec). Where context requires further differentiation, words such as "la ville de Québec" and "la province de Québec" can be used (taking care not to capitalize the word "ville").

## Other names

The name of the municipal corporate body instituted to govern Québec is Ville de Québec, in both English and French. This naming convention applies to all municipal corporations in the province (e.g. Ville de Montréal is the corporate body governing Montréal, etc.) Thus, where "Ville de ..." is capitalized, it means the corporate body and it is not part of the toponym (Montréal, Québec), but is the incorporated name of the city. In the English section of Ville de Québec's official website, the city is variously referred to as "Québec" and "Québec City" (with an accent) whereas the corporate body is referred to as "City of Québec".
Quebec City is sometimes referred to as "la capitale nationale" ("the national capital"). The government officially named it this way under the Union Nationale party. The provincial administrative region where the city is situated bears the name Capitale-Nationale (capitalized). The word national is the adjective for the noun nation used in its normal basic sense and refers to Quebec as a nation within the country of Canada, and has no indication of sovereignty.

## Demonyms

Residents of Québec are called, in French, Québécois (male) or Québécoise (female). To avoid confusion with Québécois/e meaning an inhabitant of the province, the term Québécois/e de Québec for residents of the city is sometimes used. In English, the terms Quebecer (or Quebecker) and Québécois/e are common.
# Copper(II) tetrafluoroborate

Copper(II) tetrafluoroborate is any inorganic compound with the formula Cu(H$_2$O)$_x$(BF$_4$)$_2$. As usually encountered, it is assumed to be the hexahydrate (x = 6), but this salt can be partially dehydrated to the tetrahydrate. Regardless, these compounds are aquo complexes of copper in its +2 oxidation state, with two weakly coordinating tetrafluoroborate anions.
The compound is used in organic synthesis, e.g. as a Lewis acid for Diels Alder reactions, for cyclopropanation of alkenes with diazo reagents, and as a Lewis Acid in Meinwald Rearrangement reactions on Epoxides. In the former two applications, the copper(II) is reduced to a copper(I) catalyst. The compound is also used for copper electroplating in fluoroborate-based plating baths.
# Valea Lupului minibus train collision

The Iași train accident occurred on September 8, 2013 at 15:00 local time (UTC+3) when 11 people died, including a 14-year-old boy after a collision between a minibus and a train in Iași County, Romania.
The train involved in the accident was operated by private rail company Regiotrans and ran between Iași and Dorohoi. All of the dead were on the minibus, which ignored posted signs at the railway crossing, none of the passengers and crew aboard the train were injured or killed. There were no survivors in the minibus.
# Jack Fischel

Jack R. Fischel (born 1937) is an American academic. Fischel was a professor of history at Millersville University of Pennsylvania, where he lectured for 37 years.

## Education and career

Fischel was born in Brooklyn in 1937. After "seven years of night classes", he graduated from Hunter College with a B.A. in 1955. In 1965 he earned a master's degree from the University of Delaware and in the same year began teaching at Millersville University. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Delaware in 1973. He became chair of the history department at Millersville in 1985, and remained chair until retiring in 2003.

## Books

Fischel is the author of:
* The Holocaust (Greenwood, 1998)
* Historical Dictionary of the Holocaust (Rowman & Littlefield, 1999; 2nd ed., Scarecrow Press, 2010)
* The Holocaust and Its Religious Impact (with Susan M. Ortmann, Praeger, 2004)
He is the editor of:
* Jewish-American History and Culture: An Encyclopedia (edited with Sanford Pinsker, Garland, 1992)
* Encyclopedia of Jewish American Popular Culture (2008)
# Bruni

Bruni can refer to:
* Bruni (surname)
* Bruni, Texas
* Bruni (horse), an Irish-bred Thoroughbred racehorse
* Bruni Olympic .380 BBM blank firing revolver
* a character from Frozen 2
# Schmied

Schmied is a surname of German origin. Its meaning is derived from the German word Schmied, which is a smith (of tin, gold, silver, or other metal). Common variants are Schmidt, Schmitt, and Schmitz.

## People

* Bernard Schmied (1933–2024), a Swiss basketball player
* Claudia Schmied (born 1959), an Austrian politician
* Ernst Schmied (1924−2002), a Swiss mountaineer
* Evelyn Schmied (19652019), an Austrian Paralympic shot put and discus athlete
* François-Louis Schmied (1873–1942), a French painter and illustrator
* Frédéric Schmied (1893−1972), a Swiss sculptor
* Harald Schmied (1968−2018), Austrian founder of the Homeless World Cup
* Joël Schmied (born 1998), a Swiss footballer
* Josef J. Schmied (born 1955), a German linguist
* Kenneth A. Schmied (1911–1973), a Republican, served as Mayor of Louisville, Kentucky
* Kurt Schmied (1926–2007), a goalkeeper for First Vienna FC and Austria national football team
* Kurt Schmied (cyclist) (born 1965), an Austrian cyclist
* Richard Schmied, an Austrian cyclist
* Uli Schmied (born 1947), a German rower
* Wieland Schmied (1929–2014), an Austrian art historian
# Little Gay Boy

Little Gay Boy is a French film directed by Antony Hickling in 2013. It has been screened at LGBTQ film festivals around the world and had a cinema release in Paris, France 2013.

## Plot

The film centers around a young man Jean-Christophe (J.C) played by Gaëtan Vettier. Born to a prostitute mother and an absent father, J-C. experiments with his sexuality and pushes the limits of his identity, until the day he finally meets this fantasized father. Between raw violence and phantasmagoric reveries, J-C. finds his own path and gradually free himself from the demons of the past.

## Cast

* Gaëtan Vettier: J.C
* Manuel Blanc: God
* Amanda Dawson: Maria
* Gala Besson: Angel Gabriel
* Biño Sauitzvy: Danser

## Awards

* The Trilogy (Little Gay Boy, Where Horses Go To Die & Frig) receives the Christian Petermann award for an innovative work. Controversial scenarios expressed through music, dance and daring at the IV DIGO – Goias Sexual diversity and gender international Film Festival, Brazil, 2019
* Special Mention for his work as a director at Rio FICG, Brazil, 2015
* Little Gay Boy – Special mention from the Jury. Chéries-Chéris, France, 2013
# Marie-Odette Dubois-Violette

Marie-Odette Dubois-Violette (1918-2004) was the first female Inspector General of National Education in France.

## Personal life

She was born in 1918 in France, and her father was Léon Blaise. She married the physicist Pierre-Louis Dubois-Violette.

## Career and honors

From 1942 to 1945, she received a research grant from the CNRS. From 1946 to 1950, she was a researcher at the CNRS while working on her thesis; she obtained her doctorate in 1951.
She was a member of the jury for the mathematics agrégation in the late 1960s.
From 1971 until 1976 she was the first female Inspector General of National Education in France.
She retired in 1976.
She was named a Chevalier of the Legion of Honor in 1977.
# Rodney Ubbergen

Rodney Ubbergen (born 6 April 1986) is a Dutch former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He is of Surinamese descent.

## Career

Born in Amsterdam, Ubbergen has played for AFC, Ajax, AZ, RKC Waalwijk, RBC Roosendaal, Telstar, Cambuur and FC Oss.
After two seasons with Cambuur, he signed with FC Oss in August 2014 on an amateur basis. In 2016, he joined amateur club DOVO.

## Personal life

Ubbergen has discussed his preference for the lower pressure and greater community feel of amateur football. In an interview with Vice, he explained that he finds more personal satisfaction and happiness playing on amateur fields and in local community settings rather than within the professional circuit.
His private life has occasionally featured in the media, with Ubbergen dating model Kim Feenstra between 2014 and 2015.