OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lyudmila Trut

Lyudmila Nikolayevna Trut (Russian: Людми́ла Никола́евна Трут; 6 November 1933 – 9 October 2024) was a Russian geneticist, ethologist, and evolutionist. She is known for developing domesticated silver foxes from wild foxes with Dmitry Belyayev at the Institute of Cytology and Genetics in Novosibirsk, Russia. The experiment, started in 1952, continues to this day covering nearly 60 generations of silver foxes selected for "tameness." She held the positions of Senior researcher for Evolutionary genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB AS USSR, from 1969 to 1985; Head of Laboratory for Evolutionary Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, USSR, 1985 to 1990; Main Scientific Employee in the Laboratory for Evolutionary Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB AS USSR, from 1990; and Professor in Genetics, from 2003 at the Institute of Cytology and Genetics. She coordinated educational activities at the experimental fox farm at the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Novosibirsk, Russia. Trut was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2020. She died in Novosibirsk on 9 October 2024, at the age of 90.

## Early life and education

Trut grew up in the town of Kirzhach in the Soviet Union, now Russia. She graduated with Honors at Moscow State University in 1958, majoring in biology. In 1966, she earned a Candidate of Sciences degree from the Institute of Cytology and Genetics in Novosibirsk. Her thesis was titled: "On correlation of behavior characteristics with reproductive function in fur bearing animals of the Canidae family." In 1981, she was awarded a Doctor of Sciences degree from the same institution, writing her thesis on the behavior of domesticated silver foxes.

## Research

The silver fox is a melanistic form of the red fox. Domesticated silver foxes are the result of an experiment which was designed to demonstrate the power of selective breeding to transform species, as described by Charles Darwin in On the Origin of Species. The experiment explored whether selection for tame behavior produced dogs from wolves. Only the tamest members of each generation were allowed to breed, and the changes in the population were recorded. Many of the descendant foxes became both tamer and more dog-like in morphology, including displaying mottled or spotted fur.
The experiment was under the supervision of Trut.
# Venevere, Lääne-Viru County

Venevere (German: Wennefer) is a village in Vinni Parish, Lääne-Viru County, in northeastern Estonia. Between 1992 and 2017 (until the administrative reform of Estonian municipalities) the village was located in Laekvere Parish.
# 2007 Basilan beheading incident

6°29′51″N 122°7′7″E﻿ / ﻿6.49750°N 122.11861°E﻿ / 6.49750; 122.11861
The 2007 Basilan beheading incident was an armed incident that took place in July 2007 between the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) rebels and the Philippine Army. The incident led to the execution of 14 or 23 members of the Philippine Marines; amongst them 11 were beheaded in the province of Basilan, which is located within the southern Philippines.

## Background

On June 10, 2007, the Italian priest Giancarlo Bossi, of the Pontifical Institute for Foreign Missions (PIME), was kidnapped in Payao, Zamboanga Sibugay province. His captors were believed to be either renegade MILF members or Abu Sayyaf.
His captors released photographs of Bossi that showed him to be alive and well, but they failed to negotiate a solution with the Philippine government. Early operations of the Armed Forces of the Philippines were concentrated on Zamboanga Sibugay, in the belief that the captors had not left the province.
Bossi survived the kidnapping, after being freed on 19th July, 2007.

## Operations in Basilan

On July 10, 2007, according to MILF chief negotiator Mohagher Iqbal, violence broke out at Tipo-Tipo, Basilan, a known Moro region, when Marines entered the town. Lieutenant Col. Ariel Caculitan, spokesman for the Philippine Marines, said the death toll of the Marines was 23 (some document say the location of the encounter was at Al-Barka a new municipality established by Islamic soldiers at Tipo-Tipo).
During the firefight, which lasted a day, at least 20 armed militants were killed, and seven others were wounded. MILF soldiers which later scoured the area after the firefight found 11 headless corpses of Marines. Aside from the beheaded remains, the MILF also recovered 27 firearms. Among the firearms recovered were six M60 machine guns, eight M203 grenade launchers, ten M-16 Armalite rifles, a 60-mm mortar, and several night vision goggles.
Brigadier General Ramiro Alivio, chief of 1st Marine Brigade, said that aside from the MILF, the guerrillas consisted of Abu Sayyaf, and other rebel groups.
However, the Philippine Army said the Abu Sayyaf were not present in the region where Bossi was captured. The official government death toll was 14, although Philippine newspapers says 23 soldiers were dead on the Marines' side.
The Moro Islamic Liberation Front stated "the Marines entered the MILF territory in the town of Tipo-Tipo in complete disregard of the ceasefire agreement between the Moro Islamic Liberation Front, and the Philippine government".

## Reaction

Matthew Lussenhop, United States press attaché in Manila, remarked that "It's a tragic incident. The United States embassy condoles with the families of killed, and wounded soldiers although it's still not clear to us what really happened".
# Vladyslav Bukhov

Vladyslav Serhiyovych Bukhov (Ukrainian: Владислав Сергійович Бухов, born 5 July 2002) is a Ukrainian swimmer. He competed in the men's 50 metre freestyle at the 2020 Summer Olympics.
# The Alphabet Versus the Goddess

The Alphabet Versus the Goddess: The Conflict Between Word and Image is a work of historical anthropology by American surgeon Leonard Shlain, published by Viking Press in 1998.

## Content

Shlain began with the insight: "when a critical mass of people within a society acquire literacy, especially alphabet literacy, left hemispheric modes of thought are reinforced at the expense of right hemispheric ones, which manifests as a decline in the status of images, women's rights, and goddess worship." He then applied this paradigm to 35 pairs of concepts and historical periods. These include, for example, Image/Word; Hunters/Gatherers; Aleph/Bet; Dionysus/Apollo; Birth/Death; Illiteracy/Celibacy, 500–1000; Faith/Hate; and Page/Screen, 1945–2000.

## Criticism

Criticism has been leveled at the book from several angles. Some critics dispute the scientific basis of Shlain's claims. Sandra Blakeslee writes in The New York Times, “The human nervous system, he says, was substantially rewired when people began reading alphabets. Never mind that there is no scientific evidence for this claim. Even Dr. Shlain admits that correlations don't prove cause and effect.” And “hemispheric lateralization is undergoing a renaissance. [Brain researchers] now know that the left and right halves of our brains interact dynamically and that specialization, which undoubtedly exists, is a matter of processing style rather than having specific mental traits reside on one side or the other.”
Other critics focus on a perhaps inevitable consequence of Shlain's wide-ranging application of his paradigm: errors of fact. “The factual errors in the book would take more space to detail than is worth devoting to their listing. A couple of examples must suffice. Purdah (the segregation of women) is said to be a Hindu practice (159); the word is Hindi, but the practice is primarily Muslim. The Aryan invaders are said to have found Sanskrit in India (161)j Sanskrit was the language of the invading Aryans, being sister to the Iranian languages and first cousin to Greek, Latin, and English. The ranks of the Buddha's disciples are said to have excluded women (174); women are reported in Buddhist writings to have been followers of the Buddha during his lifetime.”
A third critical approach addresses the paradigm itself as overly simplistic. Kirkus Reviews calls the book, “Continually engaging, although on the whole quite woolly.” “This is one of those annoying books, in which I find some bits gripping and enlightening, and other bits simply untenuously presumptuous…"
Several reviewers have commented that the book is readable and engaging: "And yet, having put all my reservations on the table, I am still left with a good feeling about some parts of the book.” George Steiner writes in The Guardian, "Whatever Schlain's competence, there is so much in The Alphabet versus The Goddess that is slapdash and amateurish...None the less, this is a stimulating read, and the central notion that women have not been fully welcome or at home in western civilisation is, ambiguously, seductive."
# Blackeberg

Blackeberg is a suburb of Stockholm built in the 1950s, and is part of the Bromma borough. Blackeberg was originally a croft first mentioned in 1599. The croft was demolished in 1861 by Knut Ljunglöf, who built a house, a stable, a mill and a saw instead. The saw and mill are now both cultural relics and are still standing in Kvarnviken for tourists to see. The city of Stockholm bought Blackeberg in the late 1940s. Three-story apartment blocks and a centre with a cinema and a library were built in the 1950s. Many people moved from the central parts of Stockholm to Blackeberg and neighbouring suburbs. Blackeberg has a metro station. It was designed by Peter Celsing and opened in 1952.

## Demographics

As of 2023, Blackeberg had 8,993 inhabitants, 33.5% of whom had a foreign background (either born outside of Sweden, or born in Sweden to two parents who were themselves born outside of Sweden). In Stockholm as a whole the rate is 34.9%.

## In popular culture

The critically acclaimed vampire novel Let the Right One In, as well as its movie adaptation, are set in Blackeberg.
# 1962 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference

The 1962 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference was the 12th Meeting of the Heads of Government of the Commonwealth of Nations. It was held in the United Kingdom in September 1962, and was hosted by that country's Prime Minister, Harold Macmillan.
This meeting saw the expansion of the Commonwealth to include several newly sovereign countries in Africa and the Caribbean.
The main topic of discussion was the British governments negotiations to join the European Economic Community and concerns by Commonwealth nations of the impact of such a move on trade between Britain and the Commonwealth.

## Participants

| Nation | Name | Portfolio |
| United Kingdom | Harold Macmillan | Prime Minister (Chairman) |
| Australia | Robert Menzies | Prime Minister |
| Canada | John Diefenbaker | Prime Minister |
| Ceylon | S.P.C. Fernando | Justice Minister |
| Cyprus | Archbishop Makarios III | President |
| Ghana | F.K.D. Goka | Finance Minister |
| India | Jawaharlal Nehru | Prime Minister |
| Jamaica | Sir Alexander Bustamante | Prime Minister |
| Malaya | Abdul Razak Hussein | Deputy Prime Minister |
| New Zealand | Keith Holyoake | Prime Minister |
| Nigeria | Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa | Prime Minister |
| Pakistan | Ayub Khan | President |
| Rhodesia and Nyasaland | Sir Roy Welensky | Prime Minister |
| Sierra Leone | Sir Milton Margai | Prime Minister |
| Tanganyika | Rashidi Kawawa | Prime Minister |
| Trinidad and Tobago | Eric Williams | Prime Minister |
# Graphium illyris

Graphium illyris, the cream-banded swordtail, is a forest butterfly of the swallowtail family (Papilionidae). It is native to the Afrotropical realm.

## Description

The markings of the upper surface yellow; the median band curved slightly basad at the costal margin of the forewing and without spot in cellule 7; the tail of the hindwing only white at the extreme tip; the hindwing with red-yellow marginal lunules. Ashanti to the Congo. — ab. (var. ?) flavisparsus Fruhst. has the submarginal spots of the hindwing and the red spots on the under surface larger than in the normal form. Island of Fernando Po. External images from Royal Museum of Central Africa.

## Habitat

Tropical and subtropical ecoregions.

## Status and biology

It is an uncommon to rare species and is seasonal in West Africa (with adults on wing mainly in February and March). Males mud-puddle, and are attracted to rotten fish as well as perspiration on humans.

## Subspecies

* G. i. illyris (Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, C.Ghana)
* G. i. flavisparsus (Fruhstorfer, 1903) (Equatorial Guinea)
* G. i. girardeaui (Guilbot & Plantrou, 1978) (Central African Republic)
* G. i. hamatus (Joicey & Talbot, 1918) (Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, Congo Republic, Tanzania)

## Taxonomy

Graphium illyris is a member of the antheus - clade Graphium antheus, Graphium colonna, Graphium evombar , Graphium kirbyi, Graphium junodi, Graphium polistratus, Graphium illyris, Graphium gudenusi).
# 1977 Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards

The 3rd Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards, honoring the best in film for 1977, were announced on 19 December 1977 and given on 10 January 1978.

## Winners

* Best Picture:
** Star Wars
* Best Director:
** Herbert Ross – The Turning Point
* Best Actor:
** Richard Dreyfuss – The Goodbye Girl
* Best Actress:
** Shelley Duvall – 3 Women
* Best Supporting Actor:
** Jason Robards – Julia
* Best Supporting Actress:
** Vanessa Redgrave – Julia
* Best Screenplay:
** Woody Allen and Marshall Brickman – Annie Hall
* Best Cinematography:
** Douglas Slocombe – Julia
* Best Music Score:
** John Williams – Star Wars
* Best Foreign Film:
** That Obscure Object of Desire (Cet obscur objet du désir) • France/Spain
* New Generation Award:
** Joan Micklin Silver
* Career Achievement Award:
** King Vidor
* Special Citation:
** Charles Gary Allison, for his initiative in organizing the production of Fraternity Row and thus opening a gateway into professional film production for advanced cinema students.
** Barbara Kopple – Harlan County, U.S.A.
# Thomas Edward Simpson

Thomas Edward Simpson (August 10, 1873 – July 16, 1951) was a Canadian politician.
Simpson was born on a farm in Dufferin County, Ontario on August 10, 1873. In the 1890s he moved to Sault Ste. Marie and started a furniture business.
He became involved in municipal politics, being elected a town councillor in 1908, and then town mayor in 1909 and 1910.
In April 1912, Sault Ste. Marie became incorporated as a city. Simpson became the city's second mayor and the first elected to the role. (Under the terms of incorporation, William H. Munro the town mayor in 1912 was made the first city mayor following incorporation until the end of his term.) Simpson was re-elected as mayor of the city in 1914.
He represented the electoral district of Algoma West in the House of Commons of Canada from 1917 to 1935. He was a member of Robert Borden's Unionist Party caucus from 1917 to 1921, and of the Conservative Party caucus after 1921.
He served as Chief Government Whip from 1930 to 1935. He served in parliament for nearly 18 years until announcing his retirement from politics in April 1935 due to his health. He completed his final term in parliament in October 1935.
He was husband to the former Minnie Maxwell. The couple had two daughters, Helen and Gertrude. Simpson operated a furniture store in Sault Ste. Marie and he, along with his brother Albert operated a funeral home at Queen and Elgin streets.
He was a charter member of the city's Rotary Club, and a volunteer with the Children's Aid Board, the Plummer Memorial Hospital Board and the public school board.
# Antonio F. Coronel

Don Antonio Francisco Coronel (October 21, 1817 – April 17, 1894) was a Californio politician and ranchero who was Mayor of Los Angeles and California State Treasurer. Coronel was considered one of the first preservationists in Los Angeles, and his private collection formed the basis of the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County.

## Career

Antonio Francisco Coronel was the son of Ygnacio Coronel, born in Mexico City in the last years of colonial New Spain. Coronel was 17 years of age when he came to Alta California with his parents in 1834, as a part of the Híjar-Padrés Colony.
In 1838, he was appointed Assistant Secretary of Tribunals for the Pueblo de Los Ángeles. In 1843, he became Justice of the Peace (Juez de Paz, the equivalent of Mayor at that time). During the Mexican–American War in 1846–47, Antonio was a captain and sergeant-at-arms in the Mexican artillery and took part in military operations against the United States.
Once the war had ended, Antonio Coronel was the first Los Angeles County Assessor from 1850 to 1856. In 1853, Coronel became Mayor of Los Angeles. Coronel was a ward councilman on the Los Angeles Common Council (1854–1867)
He was the California State Treasurer from 1867 to 1871. In 1873, Coronel married Mariana Williamson.
Coronel collected indigenous artifacts from California and Mexico, and mission-era relics. After his death his widow donated them to the Chamber of Commerce which put them on display in an exhibit of Californiana in their downtown headquarters. Coronel's donated collection made the basis for the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. Antonio Coronel became the owner of Rancho Los Feliz.

## Personal life

He was married to Mariana W. de Coronel.
His brother, Manuel F. Coronel, was the first Zanjero of Los Angeles. He had a sister, Maria Antonio Coronel, who married Alexis Godey in 1863.
# Chris Caple

Chris Caple, FSA, FIIC, is a British archaeologist and conservator, who specialises in the conservation of artefacts. He was a senior lecturer/associate professor at Durham University and was director of their postgraduate programme in artefact conservation. Upon his retirement in 2018, he was appointed Emeritus Reader in Archaeological Conservation.
Involved in archaeological excavations from the age of 14, Caple holds degrees from the University of Wales and the University of Bradford. He has worked as a conservator at York Castle Museum and in 1988 was appointed as director of Durham University's artefact conservation postgraduate programme. In 2002 he was elected a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries.
Caple directed excavations at Dryslwyn Castle between 1984 and 1995 and at Nevern Castle between 2008 and 2018. He retired from Durham University. He has written multiple books and papers on archaeology.

## Early life and education

Involved in the excavation of archaeological sites since the age of 14, Caple graduated from Cardiff College of the University of Wales in 1979, with a Bachelor of Science degree in archaeological conservation. In 1986 he received a Ph.D. from the University of Bradford, for researching the composition and manufacturing of medieval copper alloy pins.

## Career

Caple has been an excavating archaeologist for 34 years, an archaeological conservator for 32, and a lecturer in the latter subject for 20 years. From 1984, while still a student, to 1988, he worked at the York Castle Museum as the artefacts conservator, after which he took a post at Durham University's department of archaeology as a lecturer in archaeological conservation and archaeological science; in 1988 he also became the director of the university's artefact conservation postgraduate programme.
Caple has authored two books: Conservation Skills: Judgement, Method and Decision Making in 2000, and Objects: Reluctant Witnesses to the Past in 2006. Both are used as textbooks in courses on conservation, and museum studies. Conservation Skills was reviewed as a broad assessment of the conservation field, and as a "well-balanced" book that "achieves a detached approach without preaching to the audience", using case studies to illustrate the underlying issues of, and philosophy of approach to, conservation. A case study on the "re-reconstruction" of the Sutton Hoo helmet, which became an icon of Anglo-Saxon England after it was reconstructed by Herbert Maryon in the 1940s, yet was then reconstructed again by Nigel Williams in the 1970s, focuses on the concepts of reversibility and truthfulness.

## Publications

* Caple, Chris (2000). Conservation Skills: Judgement, Method and Decision Making. Abingdon: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-18880-6.
* Caple, Chris (2006). Objects: Reluctant Witnesses to the Past. Abingdon: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-30589-6.
* Caple, Chris (2007). Dryslwyn Castle Excavations 1980-1995. Society for Medieval Archaeology. ISBN 9781905981885.
# BeBee

beBee is a business and employment-oriented online service that operates via a website. The platform allows businesses to post jobs and users to post their CVs and interests. The website also incorporates a microblogging and social aspects.
The startup was established in February 2015, and originally launched in English, Spanish and Portuguese.
# Man Arenas

Man Arenas (born Jacinto Manuel Arenas on 25 April 1966) is a motion picture production designer, art director and a comic book creator. He worked as a production designer on the animated films Help! I'm a Fish and The Gruffalo, as well as Laura's Star, among other films. He was born in Brussels, Belgium, and lives in Llanes, Spain.

## Background

Man Arenas started his career in Brussels in 1988, working for the animation company S.E.P.P. in the visual development department for several animated TV series related to the most famous comic book characters. Since then, he has worked on many animated feature films for companies such as Warner Bros. Family Entertainment, A. Film A/S, Thilo Rothkirch Cartoon Film, Vanguard Animation or Studio Soi.

## Filmography
### Production Designer

* Laura's Star
* The Gruffalo
* The Shark and the Piano
* The Little Polar Bear 2 – The Mysterious Island

### Art director

* Kleiner Dodo

### Set and Character designer/Workbook

* The Gruffalo
* Help! I'm a Fish
* Space Chimps
* Laura's Star
* Derrick – Die Pflicht ruft [de]
* Laura's Star in China
* Kleiner Dodo
* The Little Polar Bear 2 – The Mysterious Island
* Werner - gekotzt wird später
* Ottifants - Das Gold des Stoertebecker [de]

### Layout-Artist

* Help! I'm a Fish
* Laura's Star
* The Abrafaxe – Under The Black Flag

### Background-Painter

* The Gruffalo (film)