OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Vesting Clauses

In United States constitutional law, the Vesting Clauses are three provisions in the United States Constitution which vest legislative power in Congress, executive power in the President, and judicial power in the federal courts.
President Andrew Jackson interpreted these clauses as expressly creating a separation of powers among the three branches of the federal government. In contrast, Victoria F. Nourse has argued that the Vesting Clauses do not create the separation of powers, and it actually arises from the representation and appointment clauses elsewhere in the Constitution.

## Texts

| Vesting Clause | Article and Section | Text |
| Legislative Vesting Clause | Article I, Section 1 | All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. |
| Executive Vesting Clause | Article II, Section 1, Clause 1 | The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall hold his Office during the Term of four Years, and, together with the Vice-President chosen for the same Term, be elected, as follows:[...] |
| Judicial Vesting Clause | Article III, Section 1 | The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. |
# Francesco Della Rocca

Francesco Della Rocca (born 14 September 1987) is an Italian former footballer who played as a central midfielder.

## Club career
### Bologna

A Bologna youth product, he spent the early years of his professional career on loan to minor league clubs before playing his first full Serie A season in 2010–11.

### Palermo

On 23 August 2011, he signed a new five-year contract with Bologna, but left the club only a week later to join Palermo in a co-ownership bid, for €3.5 million.
In summer 2012, he joined ACF Fiorentina. However, he was injured in September 2012. On 12 January 2013, he moved on loan to Siena, and then spent the 2013–14 season on loan at his old club Bologna, playing only nine times.
He returned to Palermo after the end of his loan spell on 1 July 2014, and was called up for the Rosanero's first team pre-season camp. In summer 2014, Palermo also acquired the remain 50% registration rights of Della Rocca, for a peppercorn fee of €500.
On 30 August 2015, the contract of Palermo and Della Rocca was canceled in mutual consent.

### Perugia

On 30 August 2015, Della Rocca was signed by Perugia.

### Salernitana

On 31 August 2016, he joined Salernitana in a two-year deal.

### Padova

On 9 July 2018, he joined Serie B club Padova, signing a one-year contract with an additional one-year extension option. His contract was dissolved by mutual consent on 31 January 2019.

## Personal life

He is the younger brother of Luigi Della Rocca.
# Jamda Shahi

Jamda Shahi is a village in Uttar Pradesh state of India. It is located in the Sau Ghat block of Basti district. The villages under the administration of Jamda Shahi gram panchayat include Jamda Shahi itself and Katesar.
The village is home to the Darul Uloom Alimia Jamda Shahi, a famous Islamic seminary in India, which has 1500 students as of 2014.

## Demographics

The religious groups in Jamda Shahi are:
| Muslim | 97.6% |
| Hindu | 3.3% |
| Banjara | 0.1% |
# Louisiana meridian

The Louisiana meridian, in longitude 92° 24′ 15″ west of Greenwich, extends from the Gulf of Mexico to the north boundary of Louisiana, and with the baseline through the initial point conforming to the parallel of 31° north latitude, governs all the surveys in the state west of the Mississippi River.

## Sources

* Raymond, William Galt (1914). Plane Surveying for Use in the Classroom and Field (via Google Books). New York: American Book Company.
# Leo Afonso

Leonardo Frugis Afonso (born 13 July 2001) is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a forward for Major League Soccer club Inter Miami CF.

## Early life

Born in Brazil, Afonso moved to the United States at a young age and was raised in Boca Raton, Florida. He began playing football with the Miami-based club Boca United FC from 2016 to 2018. He followed that up with year long stints at Philadelphia Union, followed by Inter Miami. For college, he joined the Virginia Cavaliers in 2020

## Club career

He was selected by Inter Miami in the second round of the 2024 MLS SuperDraft on 19 December 2023. he subsequently signed with the second team (Inter Miami II) for the 2024 season. On 23 March 2024, he signed with the senior Inter Miami team on a short-term loan for a Major League Soccer match. He made his senior and professional debut with Inter Miami as a late substitute in a 4–0 loss to New York Red Bulls on 23 March 2024. On 30 March 2024, he signed on another short-term loan with Inter Miami. On 2 April 2024, he signed a one-year contract with the club with club options from 2025 to 2027.

## Honours

Inter Miami
* Supporters' Shield: 2024
# Evidence-based assessment

Evidence-based assessment (EBA) refers to the application of research and theory in selecting constructs for a specific assessment purpose, as well as informing the methods and measures used in the assessment process. This approach recognizes that, despite data from psychometrically robust measures, the assessment process inherently involves iterative decision-making. Clinicians formulate and test hypotheses by integrating often incomplete and inconsistent data. EBA has been shown to aid clinicians in reducing cognitive biases in their clinical decisions. Evidence-based assessment is a component of the broader movement towards evidence-based practices.
The concept of evidence-based assessment originated in the field of medicine, and has since been adopted in several other disciplines, notably clinical psychology. The EBA approach is widely recognized as an empirically driven method of clinical decision-making. Cochrane reviews have reported the efficacy of EBA methods.

## Limitations
### Test selection and inadequate assessment

Despite the availability of numerous guidelines to assist psychologists in conducting evidence-based assessments (EBAs), professionals often fall short in adhering to these guidelines. Projective tests, for instance, are frequently employed in the assessment of child adjustment. It has been observed that there is considerable variability among professionals in following professional guidelines, leading to instances where evaluators fail to assess general parenting abilities adequately.

### Issues in test interpretation

Professionals and authorities often erroneously recommend interpreting variability between and within scales that might not have been rigorously tested. For example, due to thorough efforts in establishing norms, reliability, and validity measures, certain measures like the Wechsler intelligence scales for both adults and children are considered as some of the most reliable psychological instruments. Authorities often advise the consideration of subtest scores. However, unlike full-scale IQ scores, subtest scores frequently have lower levels of internal consistency reliability. This results in reduced precision of measurement and an increased likelihood of false positive and false negative conclusions about the assessment.
# Dr. Walter Kennedy House

The Dr. Walter Kennedy House is a historic home in Sarasota, Florida. It is located at 1876 Oak Street. On April 14, 1994, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.

## References and external links

* ↑ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
* Laurel Park National Register of Historic Places District
* Sarasota County listings at National Register of Historic Places
* Sarasota County listings at Florida's Office of Cultural and Historical Programs
* This article about a property in Sarasota County, Florida on the National Register of Historic Places is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Memphis and Hernando Plank Road

The Memphis and Hernando Plank Road was a toll road between Memphis, Tennessee, and Hernando, Mississippi, in the United States. The plank road was built and opened in approximately 1852. The road was originally known as the Panola and DeSoto Plank Road. The distance covered was 22 miles (35 km). There was a toll gate every eight miles (13 km). The road passed by large plantations, colonial-style homes, and small farms. At the same time a similar toll road, known as the Memphis and Pigeon Roost Plank Road, was built between Memphis and Holly Springs, Mississippi.

## History

There were several plank roads built out of Memphis in the 1850s; in addition to the roads to Mississippi there were roads to Big Creek and Raleigh in Shelby County, and LaGrange in Fayette County, Tennessee.
In August 1851, Thomas Peters and slave trader Byrd Hill advertised that they sought to hire out between 50 and 100 enslaved male laborers to build the road. According to a 1921 reminiscence by a longtime citizen of White Haven, Tennessee, the road was "constructed by grading the roadbed and laying two and one-half-inch oak planks on stringers of timber laid flush with the roadbed. It made an excellent highway and made hauling and travel easy." Col. Charles Edward Ware may have been surveyor and contractor for both the Hernando and Pigeon Roost roads. Polly Turner Cancer of Marshall County, Mississippi told a WPA Slave Narratives recorder that the plank roads to Memphis had been considered dangerous places, known to be frequented by bandits: "In dose days hit was dang'us to travel 'cause dere was so many robbers 'festin' de roads; when de folks was fixin' to go to Memphis dey wud all go in gangs; dey wud meet at de Ferry at Wyatt an' go togedder; dey wud all have fierce dogs an' guns; Marster wud tell 'bout ridin' on de Plank Roads to Memphis." The opening of the Tennessee and Mississippi Railroad train station in Hernando in 1856 significantly cut into the plank road's revenues. The road may have been the site of a duel held 12 miles south of Memphis in which Alonzo Greenlaw killed Henderson Taylor.
During the American Civil War, the death of a civilian named William H. White who lived along the Memphis and Hernando plank road led to an exchange of tersely worded letters between U.S. Army General William T. Sherman and the Confederate Army commander in Mississippi J. C. Pemberton. According to a WPA-produced history of DeSoto County, Mississippi, Nathan Bedford Forrest and his men rode the plank road into Memphis at the time of their infamous 1864 raid.$^{:133}$
The present-day Interstate 55 follows the same route as the old Memphis to Hernando plank road.
# Roberto Massaro

Roberto Massaro (born 26 July 1983) is an Italian former footballer who played as a forward.

## Career

Born in Brindisi, southern Italy, Massaro started his professional career at AC Fiorentina of Florence. He played his only match at Serie A on 10 June 2001. After the bankrupt of La Viola, he joined Parma AC in August 2002. In summer 2003 he was included in a 6-men swap, which Massaro (for €2M), Filippo Porcari and Luca Ferretti of Parma swap for Davide Favaro, Marco Donadel (for €2M), and Mirko Stefani of Milan, all in co-ownership deal. He then spent 4 seasons on loan to clubs in Serie B, Serie C1 and Serie C2.
In June 2007, Milan got full registration rights for another €90,000, but Massaro then transferred to Varese. Since January 2008 he played for Olbia, but just played once. In June 2008 Olbia signed him on a free transfer.
# Luciano González (basketball)

Luciano "Chuzito" González (born 1 January 1990) is an Argentine basketball player for Diablos Rojos del México of the Liga Nacional de Baloncesto Profesional (LNBP). Standing at 188 cm (6 ft 2 in), he plays as shooting guard.

## Professional career

On 13 July 2019, González was announced by defending Argentine champions San Lorenzo. On 13 March, he scored 14 points in a quarterfinal win over Quimsa in the BCL Americas.
On 10 July 2020, González signed with Flamengo in Brazil.

## National team career

In 2011, González made his debut for the Argentine national basketball team.
# Fabryka Słów

Fabryka Słów (English: Factory of Words) is a Warsaw-based Polish publishing house. It was founded in Lublin in 2001 by Eryk Adam Górski and Robert Łakuta who always wanted to publish good literature they liked reading themselves. It is focused on the fantasy and science fiction genres. Fabryka Słów also publishes historical novels and journalism for example Hubal by Jacek Komuda and Polactwo by Rafał Ziemkiewicz. It owns a number of popular series, most notably: Pan Lodowego Ogrodu, Achaja, Demonic Cycle, Seria o Przygodach Jakuba Wędrowycza, Inkwizytor Mordimer. Since 2013 they have been publishing a literary series of Fabryczna Zona (post-apocalyptic S.T.A.L.K.E.R universe).
The first book published by the Fabryka Słów was Kroniki Jakuba Wędrowycza by Andrzej Pilipiuk. So far there have been more than fifteen titles in this series. Other notable Polish authors who published in Fabryka Słów are: Andrzej Ziemiański, Eugeniusz Dębski, Jacek Komuda, Rafał A. Ziemkiewicz, Jarosław Grzędowicz, Maja Lidia Kossakowska, Jacek Piekara, Michał Gołkowski, Tomasz Kołodziejczak, Magdalena Kozak, Adam Przechrzta. Fabryka Słów publishes foreign authors too, for example: Peter V.Brett, Miroslav Żamboch, Angus Watson, Brian McClellan, Patricia Briggs, Ilona Andrews, R. F. Kuang, Roman Kulikow, and Jack Campbell.
In June 2009, the publishing house took over the magazine "Science Fiction". After changing the owner, Rafał Dębski became the editor in chief of the magazine (currently not existing).
# Alemão (futsal player)

Júlio César Simonato Cordeiro (born 25 June 1976), commonly known as Alemão, is a Brazilian born, Spanish futsal player who plays for Dina Moscow as an Ala.

## Biography

Alemão began his career in the Brazilian clubs until he moved to Spanish club "CML Talavera." There he played for two seasons and helped the club to win the Spanish championship. Alemão three years after that he was playing in the Brazilian championship, until he signed a contract with a new Spanish champion "Playas de Castellón." During two years of being a part of that team he did not win any trophies in the domestic arena, but he achieved great success in European cups, winning two debut futsal UEFA Cups. Alemão scored goals in the finals of both games, and in the final of the 2002/03 season he was able to make a double.
In 2003, he moved to "Lobelle" and spent nine years there, helped the club to win the Cup and the Super Cup of Spain. Later he got the Spanish citizenship and his game was so impressive for the Spanish national team coach, that at the age of 34 he debuted in the national team. Later, he became a member of the UEFA Futsal Championship in 2012, where the Spaniards triumphantly won the gold. Alemão became the best player of the tournament in terms of goal and passes.
At the European championship Alemão was already a player of Dina Moscow. In February he debuted in the Russian championship.

## Achievements

* European Futsal Champion (1): 2012
* UEFA Futsal Cup (2): 2002, 2003
* Spanish Futsal League Champion (1): 1995/96
* Spanish Futsal Cup Winner (1): 2006
* Spanish Futsal Super Cup winner (1): 2010
* Russian Futsal Championship (1): 2014
# Vebjørn Rodal

Vebjørn Rodal (born 16 September 1972) is a retired Norwegian middle distance athlete, who won the gold medal in the 800 m at the 1996 Summer Olympics with the time 1:42.58.

## Biography

Rodal, born and raised in Berkåk in Rennebu Municipality, made his international senior debut in 1992, at the Barcelona Olympics, reaching the semi-finals in his event, the 800 m. Part of a group of successful Norwegian athletes, he won his first international medal only two years later, placing second at the 1994 European Championships .
By finishing third in the final of the 1995 World Championships, he established himself as one of the top 800 m runners in the world, and was among the medal contenders for the 1996 Summer Olympics, held in Atlanta. Not present at the Olympics was world champion Wilson Kipketer, who had emigrated from Kenya to Denmark, but wasn't allowed to run for his new country by the Kenyans. This made the final wide open. Rodal made the final, which was run in a blistering pace. Rodal overtook most of the field in his second lap, and took the lead at the last bend, crossing the line first in a new Olympic record of 1:42.58, which stood until the 2012 Summer Olympics. With four runners under 1:43, the final was one of the fastest 800 m ever run.
The Olympic title would remain Rodal's only international victory. He failed to make the final of the Sydney Olympics in 2000, finishing seventh in his semi-final. He more or less retired afterwards, although he has entered national competitions on occasion.

## Competition record

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Norway ||||||
| 1990 | World Junior Championships | Plovdiv, Bulgaria | 15th (sf) | 800 m | 1:49.94 |
| 1991 | European Junior Championships | Thessaloniki, Greece | 7th | 800 m | 1:50.62 |
| 1992 | Olympic Games | Barcelona, Spain | 21st (sf) | 800 m | 1:49.53 |
| 1993 | World Championships | Stuttgart, Germany | 18th (sf) | 800 m | 1:46.50 |
| 1994 | European Championships | Helsinki, Finland | 2nd | 800 m | 1:46.53 |
| 1995 | World Championships | Gothenburg, Sweden | 3rd | 800 m | 1:45.68 |
| 1996 | Olympic Games | Atlanta, United States | 1st | 800 m | 1:42.58 |
| 1997 | World Championships | Athens, Greece | 5th | 800 m | 1:44.53 |
| 1998 | European Indoor Championships | Valencia, Spain | 3rd | 800 m | 1:47.40 |
| 1999 | World Championships | Seville, Spain | 36th (h) | 800 m | 1:48.73 |
| 2000 | Olympic Games | Sydney, Australia | 22nd (sf) | 800 m | 1:48.73 |
# Leonardo Nunzella

Leonardo Nunzella (born 4 June 1992) is an Italian footballer who plays as a defender for Serie D club Brindisi.

## Career

He made his Serie C debut for Paganese on 9 September 2012 in a game against Sorrento.
On 3 January 2019, he joined Virtus Francavilla on a free transfer.
On 17 August 2021 he signed with Fidelis Andria.
On 1 September 2022, Nunzella joined Alessandria on a one-year contract.
# Imarti

Imarti is an Indian sweet made by deep-frying a batter prepared with black gram flour in a circular, flower-like shape, and then soaking it in sugar syrup Alternative names for the Imarti include Amitti, Amriti, Emarti, Omritti, Jahangir and Jhangiri/Jaangiri. This dish is similar to the jalebi, which is thinner and sweeter than Imarti.
The Imarti is a popular Iftar food in Bangladesh, while in India, Jaunpur in Uttar Pradesh is famous for its imartis.

## Ingredients

Imartis are made from batter made using various varieties of black gram flour— called urad dal— in North India, while in Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and other parts of the Indian subcontinent, jangiri parappu (jangiri black gram) is commonly used.
Saffron is added to the batter to give Imartis their bright orange colour.

## Preparation

Black gram is soaked in water for a few hours, and then stone-ground into a fine batter. The batter is poured into ghee, though other oils are sometimes used. Like funnel cakes, the batter is poured into geometric patterns, although imartis are generally smaller than funnel cakes. There is often a small ring in the middle.
Before frying the batter, sugar syrup is prepared and is flavored with edible camphor, cloves, cardamom, kewra and saffron. The fried imartis is then dipped in sugar syrup until they expand in size, having soaked up a significant amount of the syrup. In Northern India, imartis are drained, and thus tend to be drier than jalebis. Imartis can be served hot, at room temperature, or cold.
* Frying process
* After frying

## Serving

In India, Imartis are served as dessert at the end of a meal, sometimes accompanied by dahi as a dipping. They are also distributed as sweetmeats to relatives, guests and neighbours during celebrations, like festivals and marriages.
* Imartis served as dessert in Tamil Nadu
# Charles S. Abbot

Charles Stevenson "Steve" Abbot (born January 19, 1945) is a retired United States Navy Admiral who served as Deputy Commander in Chief, United States European Command (DCINCEUR) from 1998 to 2000.

## Military career

Abbot was born on January 19, 1945, in Pensacola, Florida. He graduated from Phillips Academy, Andover, in 1962 and from the United States Naval Academy in 1966 and was chosen as a Rhodes Scholar to attend Oxford University. Selected as a naval aviator, he graduated from the U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School and later naval nuclear power training. During the Gulf War, he commanded the aircraft carrier USS Theodore Roosevelt (CVN-71) and commanded the Theodore Roosevelt battle group while assigned as commander, Carrier Group Eight. He commanded the United States Sixth Fleet from 1996 to 1998, and completed his naval career as Deputy Commander-in-Chief, United States European Command.

## Post military career

Abbot retired from the Navy in 2000, and later assumed the position of Deputy Homeland Security Advisor to President George W. Bush, a position he held from 2001 to 2003. He then served as the President and CEO of Navy-Marine Corps Relief Society, a private, non-profit organization for assisting Sailors, Marines, and their families until he retired in 2019. He is also active within the Military Officers Association of America, where he sits on several committees. He lives in Arlington, Virginia.
In 2020, Abbot, along with over 130 other former Republican national security officials, signed a statement that asserted that President Trump was unfit to serve another term, and "To that end, we are firmly convinced that it is in the best interest of our nation that Vice President Joe Biden be elected as the next President of the United States, and we will vote for him."
In July 2022, he joined with other former U.S. military leaders in condemning former president and commander in chief, Donald Trump. "While rioters tried to thwart the peaceful transfer of power and ransacked the Capitol on Jan. 6, 2021, the president and commander in chief, Donald Trump, abdicated his duty to preserve, protect and defend the Constitution."
In the 2024 United States presidential election, Abbot endorsed Kamala Harris.
# Fernando Drasler

Fernando Drasler da Cunha (born 29 June 1988) is a Brazilian-born naturalized Georgian professional futsal player who plays as a defender for JEC Krona Futsal and the Georgian national team.

## Honours

Benfica
* Taça da Liga: 2019–20
# David Budescu

David Budescu (Hebrew: דוד בודסקו) is a psychologist and academic. He is the Anne Anastasi Professor of Psychometrics and Quantitative Psychology at Fordham University.

## Personal life

Budescu graduated from the University of Haifa in Haifa, Israel and received his Ph.D. in quantitative psychology from the University of North Carolina in 1980. From 1982 to 1992 he taught at the University of Haifa and, in 1992, accepted an appointment at the University of Illinois. He is a fellow of the American Psychological Society and is a past director of the European Association of Decision Making. In 2016 he won the Exeter Prize for the best paper published in the fields of experimental economics, decision theory, and behavioural economics. In 1999 he edited "Games and Human Behavior: Essays in Honor of Amnon Rapoport."

## Current work

Budescu researches the effects of uncertainty in human decision-making as well as psychometrics. He has also done work on group decision-making and markets. Budescu is currently the editor of the American Psychological Association journal Decision. He also sits on the editorial board of the Journal of Behavioral Decision Making. In 2009 he was appointed Anne Anastasi Professor of Psychometrics and Quantitative Psychology at Fordham University. His regular collaborators include Amnon Rapoport, Boris Maciejovsky, and Dan Ariely.