OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 2002 Amarnath pilgrimage massacre

On 30 July and 6 August 2002, in the month of Shraavana, 11 people were killed and 30 injured in a terror attack by Islamic extremists from Lashkar-e-Taiba's front group of al-Mansuriyan, on Nunwan base camp at Pahalgam of the Amarnath Hindu pilgrimage (Yatra) to Amarnath Temple glacial cave shrine in Kashmir Valley in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir.
In the spate of attacks on Yatra in the third consecutive year, 2 pilgrims were killed and 3 injured on 30 July when terrorists threw grenades at a civilian taxi of pilgrims in Srinagar. Further, 9 people were killed and 27 injured on 6 August by Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT) terrorists' hail of bullets at Nunwan base camp at Pahalgam.

## Background

The 48-days July–August annual Hindu pilgrimage, undertaken by up to 600,000 or more pilgrims to 130 feet (40 m) high glacial Amarnath cave shrine of iced stalagmite Shiv linga e at 12,756 feet (3,888 m) in Himalayas, is called Amarnath Yatra. It begins with a 43 kilometres (27 mi) mountainous trek from the Nunwan and Chandanwari base camp at Pahalgam and reaches cave-shine after night halts at Sheshnag Lake and Panchtarni camps. The yatra is both a way of earning revenue by the state government by imposing tax on pilgrims, and making living by the local Shia Muslim Bakarwal-Gujjars by taking a portion of revenue and by offering services to the Hindu pilgrims, and this source of income has been threatened by the Islamist Kashmiri Sunni militant groups who have banned and attacked the yatra numerous times, and massacred at least 43 people in the Amarnath pilgrimage terrorist-attack massacre (2000) and Amarnath pilgrimage terrorist-attack massacre (2001) causing the deaths of 33 Hindu pilgrims and 10 Muslim civilians.
On 2 August 2000, pro-Pakistan Islamist terrorists from Hizbul Mujahideen (designated a terrorist organisation by India, European Union and United States,) massacred at least 31 people and injured at least 60 people in a two hour long indiscriminate shoot out at Nunwan base camp in Anantnag district, causing the death of 21 unarmed Hindu pilgrims and 7 unarmed Muslim shopkeepers, and 3 security force officers. This attack on Amarnath yatra was part of the larger 1st and 2nd August 2000 Kashmir massacre in 5 separate coordinated terrorist attacks that killed at least 89 (official count) to 105 people (as reported by PTI), and injured at least 62 more.
On 20 July 2001, a terrorist threw a grenade on a pilgrim night camp at Sheshnag near the Amarnath shrine in which at least 13 persons, including 3 women, were killed in two explosions and firing by militants, 2 were security officials and 3 were Muslim civilians. 15 other were also injured in the attack.

## Aftermath

Earlier attacks on Amarnath yatra and Bin Laden's September 11 attacks on USA, were some of the incidents that forced the change in global response to the Islamic terror attacks from aloof and sporadic to united and coordinated. Pakistan-backed Islamic terrorist organizations, Lashkar-e-Taiba founded by Hafiz Saeed and Hizbul Mujahideen were designated terrorist organisations by India, European Union and United States.
# Ferdinand Bloch-Bauer

Ferdinand Bloch-Bauer (16 July 1864 – 13 November 1945) was an Austrian banker and sugar business magnate who owned one of the most extensive art collections in Europe, most of which was looted by the Nazis during the Anschluss. Husband of salon hostess Adele Bloch-Bauer and uncle of Jewish refugee Maria Altmann, he commissioned Gustav Klimt to paint Adele Bloch-Bauer I and Adele Bloch-Bauer II, the former being the centerpiece of the 2015 movie Woman in Gold with Helen Mirren.

## Biography

Ferdinand Bloch was the youngest of six children of sugar industrialist David Bloch and Marie Bloch Straschnow. He worked his way into the family business in Prague in 1881 before becoming director of the company in 1892.
After wedding the notable socialite and patron of the arts Adele Bloch-Bauer in 1899, the couple moved to the 4th district of Vienna, where they expanded their art collection of paintings, sculpture, and classic Viennese porcelain that rivaled any museum in Europe. Ferdinand began commissioning the most sought after painter in Austria at that time, Gustav Klimt, to paint pictures of Adele, who became the only woman to have two full length portraits done by the artist.
Adele died in 1925 of Meningitis at the age of 43. One of Ferdinand's last art acquisitions was a portrait his friend Oskar Kokoschka painted of him in 1936. After the Anschluss in March 1938, most of Ferdinand's art collection was looted and he was exiled from Austria for his Jewish genealogy. He eventually landed in Switzerland, where he died nearly penniless in 1945.

## Restitution of Ferdinand's Klimt paintings

After Adele's passing in 1925 there was a request found in her will that upon her death Ferdinand was to donate Adele Bloch-Bauer I, dubbed The Gold Portrait, to the Belvedere Palace in Vienna. At the time she was "entirely unaware" of the pending horror that would come when the Nazis annexed Austria in 1938. When Ferdinand was forced to flee Austria just a few days before Kristallnacht, he had to leave the painting of Adele and other works from Gustav Klimt behind. Just as the will had instructed, the portrait was gifted to the Austrian Gallery, in 1941.
Over a half century later, in 1998, Austrian investigative journalist Hubertus Czernin was permitted access to records at the Austrian Gallery in Vienna. He began publishing articles about the "suspicious" ownership of Adele's portrait and four other Klimts. One of his finds was the will of Ferdinand, who died twenty years after Adele, indicating his heirs, including his niece Maria Altmann, were to receive all the paintings. Since he had paid for the works, his will had now essentially rendered Adele's will obsolete. Czernin's articles and his startling discovery paved the way for Maria and her lawyer E. Randol Schoenberg to launch a nearly decade long legal battle to gain rightful ownership of the Bloch-Bauer estate. In 2006, Altmann and two other heirs were awarded all five Klimt works in a landmark Supreme Court of the United States decision that restituted $325 million.
# 1916 Berwickshire by-election

The 1916 Berwickshire by-election was a parliamentary by-election held for the UK House of Commons constituency of Berwickshire in the Scottish Borders on 18 July 1916.

## Vacancy

Under the provisions of the Succession to the Crown Act 1707 and a number of subsequent Acts, MPs appointed to certain ministerial and legal offices were at this time required to seek re-election. The by-election in Berwickshire was caused by the appointment of the sitting Liberal MP, Harold "Jack" Tennant as Secretary for Scotland.

## Process

The writ for the by-election was moved in Parliament on 10 July and the returning officer, the Sheriff of Berwickshire, fixed 18 July for the nomination of candidates.

## Candidates

As the other political parties were collaborating in the wartime coalition government of H H Asquith, the Tories were not expected to oppose Tennant and there was not, as yet, any tradition of Labour contesting Berwickshire. In the absence of any other candidate, Tennant was duly returned unopposed on 18 July and, introduced by the Prime Minister and Eugene Wason MP, re-took his seat in the House of Commons on 20 July to cheers as Secretary for Scotland.

## The result

Berwickshire by-election, 1916 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Harold Tennant | Unopposed | N/A | N/A |
| | Liberal hold | Liberal hold | Swing | N/A | |
# Renčišov

Renčišov is a village and municipality in Sabinov District in the Prešov Region of north-eastern Slovakia.

## History

In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1389.

## Geography

The municipality lies at an altitude of 627 metres and covers an area of 8.861 km$^2$. It has a population of about 178 people.
# 1994 Bolivia earthquake

The 1994 Bolivia earthquake occurred on June 9, 1994. The epicenter was located in a sparsely populated region in the Amazon jungle, about 200 miles from La Paz.
The Harvard CMT Project assigned it a focal depth of 647 km and a magnitude M$_w$ of 8.2, making it, at the time, the largest earthquake since the 1977 Sumba earthquake, later superseded by more recent larger events (e.g., 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake). It is also the second largest earthquake ever recorded with a focal depth greater than 300 km, along with the 2018 Fiji earthquake, the largest currently being the 2013 Okhotsk Sea earthquake. South America also experienced the then second and third largest earthquakes at focal depths greater than 300 km: Colombia, 1970; and northern Peru, 1922.

## Description

The rupture was located within the Nazca plate where it is being subducted beneath the mantle of the South American continent. It shook the ground from Argentina to Canada and its oscillations were the first to be captured on a modern seismic network. Such deep events are known as intraplate earthquakes because they occur within a tectonic lithosphere rather than at the boundary of two. The earthquake involved a particularly small slip area of only 30 km by 50 km. In 22 seconds, the rupture propagated with a velocity of 1.5 km/s, which is slower than the average rupture velocity of earthquakes.

## Implications

Pressures and temperatures at the depth of 200 to 400 miles are so great that rock should not undergo frictional sliding processes that produce earthquakes on faults at lesser depths, and the physics of deep-focus earthquakes remains a field of research investigation. The 1994 Bolivia earthquake was notable in that it excited a wide variety of Earth normal modes due to its large magnitude and depth, which were among the first to be recorded by digital very broadband global seismographs.

## Effects

There were unconfirmed reports of five people killed in Peru's Arequipa and Cuzco provinces. Three deaths from Arequipa Province were attributed to a landslide while the other two in Cuzco Province died from falling debris or a heart attack. Many more were injured in landslides in other parts of southern Peru. In Cochabamba, La Paz and Oruro, the windows in many tall structures shattered. There were unverified claims of buildings damaged in Arica, Chile, and Manaus, Brazil. Limited damage to buildings was reported in São Paulo, Brazil, and Toronto, Canada, as well. In Chile, the tremors caused panic among residents of major cities, driving them out of buildings. It also disrupted power and communication services. Due to the earthquake's great depth, it was felt at places far from its epicenter. A geologist with the US Geological Survey described the effects in Los Angeles, California, as a "very gentle motion". Similar effects were observed in Sioux Falls, Sioux City, Minneapolis, and Omaha in the United States.
# 1994 Páez River earthquake

The 1994 Páez River earthquake occurred on June 6 with a moment magnitude of 6.8 at a depth of 12 km (7.5 mi). The event, which is also known as the Páez River disaster, included subsequent landslides and mudslides that destroyed the small town of Páez, located on the foothills of the Central Ranges of the Andes in Cauca in south-western Colombia. It was estimated that 1,100 people, mostly from the Páez, were killed in some 15 settlements on the Páez River basin, Cauca and Huila departments of which the eponymous town of Páez suffered 50% of the death toll. In response to the disaster, the government created the Nasa Kiwe Corporation to bring relief to the area, and begin the reconstruction of the affected areas.
# Siedmiorogów Pierwszy

Siedmiorogów Pierwszy is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Borek Wielkopolski, within Gostyń County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.
# Ksawerów, Kalisz County

Ksawerów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Koźminek, within Kalisz County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 19 kilometres (12 mi) east of Kalisz and 121 km (75 mi) south-east of the regional capital Poznań.
# 2004 Dhemaji school bombing

The 2004 Dhemaji school bombing occurred on 15 August 2004, on the occasion of Independence Day in Dhemaji, Assam. The bombing by the Assamese militant group called the United Liberation Front of Assam (ULFA) killed 18 people and injured many others. Most of the victims were schoolchildren aged between 12 and 14 and their mothers.

## Details

On the occasion of Independence Day, 15 August 2004, people, mostly were school children and their mothers, gathered at Dhemaji College ground for an Independence Day parade. At around 09:30 a bomb went off killing at least 18 and injuring many more. According to police, the bomb was planted near the college-gate and triggered by a remote-controlled device. It was exploded when the students and teachers of various schools were passing through the gate.

## Investigations

Police blamed ULFA, a banned Assamese militant group, which had called for a boycott of the event. The group continued denying responsibility.

## Aftermath

Soon after the incident the local people allegedly attacked the police vehicles at the site for failure to protect the parade. Police had to launch a lathi charge and fire tear gas to bring the situation under control. The Superintendent of Police T. Thangneo and the Additional Superintendent of Police Abu Sufian of Dhemaji were suspended for negligence of duty. The Deputy Commissioner was transferred for security lapse.

## Reactions

The injured were admitted to the Dhemaji Civil Hospital and other 10 being critically injured were shifted to Dibrugarh Civil Hospital. Chief Minister of Assam Tarun Gogoi condemned the blast stating it to be "most barbaric, inhuman and pathetic" incident. He also announced that the state would be observing 16 August of every year as Mourning Day in memory of those killed. The chief minister announced Rs 300,000 for the victims and Rs 50,000 for the seriously injured. The Dhemaji and Lakhimpur unit of AASU called a 12-hour bandh on 16 August 2004 in protest of the blast. The AASU had also demanded the resignation of the chief minister. The Assam State Committee of CPI(M) vehemently condemned the incident. It also organized a protest rally in the capital city of Guwahati on 17 August against the extremists for the killings and against the administration for the failure of protection. The committee had also called a 12-hour Assam-bandh on 18 August.

## Armed Forces Special Powers Act

The chief minister Tarun Gogoi said that the Armed Forces Special Powers Act should stay in the disturbed areas to avoid the increasing activities by the rebel groups.

## ULFA takes responsibility after five years

On 16 August 2004, one day after the blast, in a statement, Arabinda Rajkhowa, the chairman of the group, stated that the "Indian Occupation Force" and its agents used the schoolchildren as shield to defy the boycott call of the outfit. On 13 December 2009, Paresh Barua, the C-in-C of the group, sought public apology and forgiveness for the blast. He stated in an e-mail that the ULFA leadership was misled by some of their cadres and junior leaders about the blast, which is why the leadership had to deny its involvement.
# Macacine gammaherpesvirus 12

Macacine gammaherpesvirus 12 (McHV-12) is a species of virus in the genus Rhadinovirus, subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae, family Herpesviridae, and order Herpesvirales.
# Ali Nagar Pali

Ali Nagar Pali is a village in the Indian state of Bihar.
* This article related to a location in Bihar is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
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# Battle of Nukeib

Battle of Nukeib, called in Syria, Battle of Nairab Hill (Arabic: معركة تل النيرب) and in Israel Operation Swallow (Hebrew: מבצע סנונית) took place between the Syrian and Israeli forces at Tel al-Nairab in the village of Al-Nuqayb, located near the Sea of Galilee.

## Battle

Abd al-Karim al-Nahlawi, who planned and orchestrated the coup that caused Syria to split from the United Arab Republic, claimed on this battle that "Israel was assaulting Syria and fights were taking place between the Israelis and the Syrian outposts. In Tell al-Nairab in the town of al-Naqeeb, there was a Palestinian-populated area near to Lake Tiberias, and at the same time, Israel diverted Jordan's waters to the Negev in the south, so Syria was blocking them."
# Scadding Cabin

Scadding Cabin (or Simcoe Cabin) is a 1794 log cabin on the grounds of Exhibition Place in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It was constructed for John Scadding and is now the oldest surviving building in Toronto.

## History

The cabin was originally built on the property of John Scadding, an immigrant from Devonshire, in order to fulfill his settlement duties to the Crown. The cabin stood at the east side of the Don River south of Queen Street East on a 253-acre land grant that stretched north from Lake Ontario to present-day Danforth Avenue. Scadding lived in the cabin until he returned to England in 1796.
When Scadding returned to York in 1818, he sold his property, and cabin, to a farmer named William Smith, who used the cabin as an outbuilding. The cabin remained in the Smith family until 1879 when the cabin was offered to the York Pioneers. Henry Scadding, son of John Scadding, was a founding member of the historical society.
In 1879 John Smith, the owner of the Scadding property, gave Scadding Cabin to the York Pioneers. In 1879, the Toronto Industrial Exhibition began (later the Canadian National Exhibition (CNE) ) and the York Pioneers worked with the Exhibition's founders to move the Cabin to its current site to celebrate the Fair's inauguration. The cabin was dismantled, moved and reconstructed by the York Pioneers on the grounds of the first Industrial Exhibition (now Exhibition Place) on August 22, 1879 near the site of Fort Rouillé.

### Current use

The York Pioneers currently operate Scadding Cabin as a museum. The Scadding Cabin is furnished as a pioneer home from the 1830s to early 1840s, although there are artifacts that date back to the 1790s. The oldest item is a baby's cradle, made by Scadding. Furnishings include two spinning wheels and a wool winder, equipment for making bread and butter, a candle mould, and utensils for cooking on an open hearth.
Scadding Cabin is open during the CNE, held each year from mid-August to the end of the Canadian Labour Day weekend. The cabin is also open through special arrangements and for community events during the summer months such as Toronto's Doors Open. In the past, the cabin has been open during the Luminato Festival and annual CHIN picnic when these events are held at Exhibition Place.
In 2022, rot was found in one of the main log timbers. The York Pioneers raised funds and made repairs to the Cabin in 2023.
# Frederick (German ship)

Frederick also written as Frederica Pattenborg Zetland was a German brig or schooner sailing ship in the 19th century. Due to a storm, the ship wrecked between Audresselles and Cap Gris Nez, Pas-de-Calais, France on 15 March 1876. There were only two survivors.

## Fate

In 1876 the ship was on a voyage from Hamburg, Germany to Rosario, Argentina. The cargo of the ship consisted of wine, alcohol, packs of sheets, linen and other fabrics. The people on board consisted of the 21-years-old captain, his 21-years-old wife, their child and several sailors.
In the night of 15 March 1876 there was a storm and the ship was driven ashore and wrecked between Audresselles and Cap Gris Nez, Pas-de-Calais, France. Due to the bad weather and darkness, no one saw the ship in distress. To stay out of the water, the captain, his wife and the sailors climbed into the masts. The captain and his wife had left their child in the cabin. After several hours, the masts threatened to break. The captain jumped into the sea. The captain did not want to leave his wife, who was numb from cold and fatigued. While they held each other, the main mast fell on them and they drowned. Several sailors also drowned, two managed to reach the coast.

## Aftermath

One of them who survived managed to drag himself to a house. However, because of the way he looked, his torn clothes and different language the residents were suspicious. He was eventually allowed to sleep in the barn. However, when they realized what had happened, they tried to help the man as best they could, but he remained seriously ill.
The ship was smashed off the coast and shattered. Parts of the ship and the ship's cargo washed ashore over a length of several miles. The bodies of the captain, his wife and some sailors were found. They were buried at the cemetery of Audresselles.
# Charles Haberkorn

Charles Haberkorn (born Karl Haberkorn; 16 November 1880 – 26 November 1966), later Habercorn, was a German-American tug of war competitor and wrestler who participated in both sports in the 1904 Summer Olympics.
In the 1904 Olympics, he won a bronze medal as a member of Southwest Turnverein of Saint Louis No. 2 team, which is officially considered a mixed team.
As a wrestler, he competed in the freestyle lightweight category and was eliminated in the quarterfinals. He was born in Württemberg, Germany and died in St. Louis, Missouri.
Haberkorn was born in the Kingdom of Württemberg and immigrated to St. Louis in 1894 with his family. He became a U.S. citizen in 1911.
He died in November 1966, two days after being severely burned in an accident trying to light his gas oven.
# Lissodrillia fasciata

Lissodrillia fasciata is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Drilliidae.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 16 mm.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the Atlantic Ocean off the Canopus Bank, Ceará, Brazil
# Murid gammaherpesvirus 7

Murid gammaherpesvirus 7 is a species of virus in the genus Rhadinovirus, subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae, family Herpesviridae, and order Herpesvirales.
# Târgu Frumos

Târgu Frumos (also spelled Tîrgu Frumos, sometimes Târgul / Tîrgul Frumos), Romanian pronunciation:) is a town in Iași County, Western Moldavia, Romania. Eleven villages were administered by the town until 2004, when they were split off to form Balș, Costești, and Ion Neculce communes.

## History

During World War II, in March and May 1944, this area was the scene of the two Battles of Târgu Frumos, part of the First Jassy-Kishinev Offensive.
According to the 1930 census, 1,608 Jews lived in Târgu Frumos. In the fall of 1940, all Jewish men, from 18 to 50 years old, were subjected to forced labor. Many were sent to the work camp Tudoreni-Rechita, situated in Botoșani County, while others were deported to Transnistria. Târgu Frumos was also a 24-hour stop of the "Death train" going to the Călărași camp. On July 1, 1941, when the train arrived in Târgu Frumos, 654 bodies were removed from the train and transported to the local Jewish cemetery where they were buried.

## Demographics

As of 2011, 10,475 people inhabited the town, 81.6% Romanians, 9.14% Lipovans, and 9.08% Roma. At the 2021 census, Târgu Frumos had a population of 9,597; of those, 70.92% were Romanians, 4.77% Roma, and 2.72% Lipovans.

## Natives

* Gabriela Crețu (born 1965), politician
* Garabet Ibrăileanu (1871 – 1936), literary critic
* Dumitru Theodor Neculuță (1859 – 1904), poet and socialist activist
* Belu Zilber (1901 – 1978), communist activist

## Gallery

* Garabet Ibrăileanu Primary School
* Ion Creangă Primary School
* Roman Catholic Church