OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nowe Kamienice

Nowe Kamienice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ostrów Wielkopolski, within Ostrów Wielkopolski County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 14 kilometres (9 mi) east of Ostrów Wielkopolski and 110 km (68 mi) south-east of the regional capital Poznań.
# Erv Wilson

Ervin Wilson (June 11, 1928 – December 8, 2016) was a Mexican/American (dual citizen) music theorist.

## Early life

Ervin Wilson was born in Colonia Pacheco, a small village in the remote mountains of northwest Chihuahua, Mexico, where he lived until the age of fifteen. His mother taught him to play the reed organ and to read musical notation. He began to compose at an early age, but immediately discovered that some of the sounds he was hearing mentally could not be reproduced by the conventional intervals of the organ. As a teenager, he began to read books on Indian music, developing an interest in concepts of raga. While he was in the Air Force in Japan, a chance meeting with a total stranger introduced him to musical harmonics, which changed the course of his life and work. Influenced by the work of Joseph Yasser, Wilson began to think of the musical scale as a living process—like a crystal or plant.

## Works

Despite his avoidance of academia, Wilson has been influential on those interested in microtonal music and just intonation, especially in the areas of scale, keyboard, and notation design. Among his developments are Moments of Symmetry, Combination Product Sets, Golden Horograms, scales based on recurrence relations (scales of "Mt. Meru"), and mapping scales to the generalized keyboard. He cited Augusto Novaro and Joseph Yasser as influences. Wilson built instruments and explored the resources of 31 and 41 equal divisions of the octave. He supported the work of Harry Partch, proposing the design of the Quadrangularis Reversum and helping build the instrument, as well as providing diagrams for Partch's book Genesis of a Music.
The goal of Wilson's research with scales was to make them musically accessible to the composer and the listener. "I sculpt in the architecture of the scale. Other people come along and animate it."

## Musicians influenced by Wilson

* Warren Burt
* Jim French
* Kraig Grady
* Terumi Narushima
* Catherine Lamb
* Paul Rapoport
* Emil Richards
* Marcus Satellite
* Greg Schiemer
* Stephen James Taylor
* Daniel James Wolf
# Old Main, University of Arizona

Old Main, University of Arizona, originally known as the University of Arizona, School of Agriculture building, was the first building constructed on the University of Arizona campus in Tucson, Arizona, United States. Old Main is one of the oldest surviving educational structures in the western United States. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.
Designed by Phoenix architect James Miller Creighton, construction of Old Main began on October 27, 1887. The budget of $37,969 ran out before the roof was finished. When university officials discovered federal loans were available for agricultural schools, they renamed the building from the originally planned School of Mines to the School of Agriculture. Federal funding allowed completion of the building and it opened for the first class of the university on October 1, 1891. Old Main, then the only building on the campus, contained the classrooms, library, offices, and dorms. Six faculty taught 32 students in 1891.
In 1919, the Alexander Berger Memorial Fountain was constructed in front of Old Main. Berger funded the project as a memorial for 13 University of Arizona students who were killed in World War I, including his nephew. Completed for $5500, the fountain was dedicated on January 31, 1920 by General John J. "Blackjack" Pershing.
Due to neglect by the University, Old Main fell into disrepair and was condemned by the City of Tucson in 1938. Demolition was averted when the US Navy repaired the building in 1942, for use as a Naval Indoctrination Training School during World War II. The Navy then paid $20,000 in 1945 to turn it back into a functioning campus building.
The first floor of Old Main was restored and renovated in 2008 at a cost of $4.6 million. It then housed the University's Office of Admissions, Center for Exploratory Students, and the Dean of Student's Office. In January 2013, renovation of the entire building began — including a modernization of the interior spaces, replacing the roof, and framing the porch. It reopened before the 2014-15 academic year. In addition to extensive improvements, the Office of the President was relocated to Old Main.

## Gallery

* Old Main in 1889
* Northeast view of Old Main and the surrounding gardens, 2008
* Southwest view
* Eastern Façade in April 2017
# Wilhelm Schlüssel

Wilhelm Schlüssel is a West German sprint canoer who competed in the late 1950s. He won a silver medal in the K-2 10000 m event at the 1958 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships in Prague.
# Cherenkov detector

A Cherenkov detector (pronunciation: /tʃɛrɛnˈkɔv/; Russian: Черенко́в) is a particle detector using the speed threshold for light production, the speed-dependent light output or the speed-dependent light direction of Cherenkov radiation.

## Fundamental

A particle passing through a material at a velocity greater than that at which light can travel through the material emits light. This is similar to the production of a sonic boom when an airplane is traveling through the air faster than sound waves can move through the air. The direction this light is emitted is on a cone with angle θ$_c$ about the direction in which the particle is moving, with cos(θ$_c$) = ⁠c/nv⁠ (c = the vacuum speed of light, n = the refractive index of the medium, and v is the speed of the particle). The angle of the cone θ$_c$ thus is a direct measure of the particle's speed. The Frank–Tamm formula gives the number of photons produced.

## Aspects

Most Cherenkov detectors aim at recording the Cherenkov light produced by a primary charged particle. Some sensor technologies explicitly aim at Cherenkov light produced (also) by secondary particles, be it incoherent emission as occurring in an electromagnetic particle shower or by coherent emission, for example Askaryan effect.
Cherenkov radiation is not only present in the range of visible light or UV light but also in any frequency range where the emission condition can be met i.e. in the radiofrequency range.
Different levels of information can be used. Binary information can be based on the absence or presence of detected Cherenkov radiation. The amount or the direction of Cherenkov light can be used.
In contrast to a scintillation counter the light production is instantaneous.

## Detector types

In the simple case of a threshold detector, the mass-dependent threshold energy allows the discrimination between a lighter particle (which does radiate) and a heavier particle (which does not radiate) of the same energy or momentum. Several threshold stages can be combined to extend the covered energy range.
Cherenkov threshold detectors have been used for fast timing and time of flight measurements in particle detectors.
More elaborate designs use the amount of light produced. Recording light from both primary and secondary particles, for a Cherenkov calorimeter the total light yield is proportional to the incident particle energy.
Using the light direction are differential Cherenkov detectors.
Recording individual Cherenkov photon locations on a position-sensitive sensor area, RICH detectors then reconstruct Cherenkov angles from the recorded patterns. As RICH detectors hence provide information on the particle velocity, if the momentum of the particle is also known (from magnetic bending), combining these two pieces of information enables the particle mass to be deduced so that the particle type can be identified.
# Malkajgiri Junction railway station

Malkajgiri Junction railway station (station code: MJF) is a railway station in Malkajgiri, Telangana, India. It is a hub of commuter rail in Secunderabad Urban railway. Localities like Malkajgiri and Anandbagh are accessible from this station.

## Services

Malkajgiri railway station is well served with some passenger trains that operate on Secunderabad–Manmad line. Even a couple of Express trains halt here. They are:
* Kacheguda–Narker Express
* Krishna Express
* Ajanta Express
* Dr. Ambedkar Nagar (Mhow)–Yesvantpur Weekly Express
* Chennai–Nagarsol Express
* Yesvantpur–Lucknow Express (via Kacheguda)
* Yesvantpur–Jabalpur Superfast Express
* Guntur–Kacheguda AC Double Decker Express
There is also a proposal to halt four more express trains in this station due to increasing demands. The Seetaphalmandi–Malkajgiri chord line which was proposed was commenced its services from 2007. By this the commuters of SB line will be able to be connected with the rest of Hyderabad Multi-Modal Transport System directly. The line is electrified.

## Lines

* Hyderabad Multi-Modal Transport System
* Secunderabad–Bolarum route (SB Line)
* Malkajgiri–Moula Ali–Kazipet

## Future

Due to a rapid rise in rail transport in Hyderabad, the Railway Board (India) had decided of a fourth railway terminal in addition to the existing ones at Secunderabad railway station, Kacheguda railway station and Hyderabad railway station. The board would decide after the proposals of Secunderabad and Hyderabad divisions. The Hyderabad division proposed the Malkajgiri railway station as the fourth rail terminal in Hyderabad. Even if the Railway Board does not consider the proposal of the Hyderabad division's bid for Malkajgiri as the fourth terminal, passengers of the division can benefit since the existing station at Malkajgiri willsoon be transformed into a passenger terminal at an estimated cost of Rs.1 crore. Besides proposing the Malkajgiri station for the fourth terminal, the board is determined to transform the station into a passenger terminal at an estimated cost of Rs. 1 crore. Once the station transforms into a terminus, trains bound to Delhi from Bangalore and Mumbai could pass through the station without touching Secunderabad.
# Devereaux Ferris

Devereaux St Bruno Ferris (born October 24, 1994) is a New Zealand-born, American rugby union player who plays at scrum-half for the Seattle Seawolves in Major League Rugby (MLR). He also represents America as a member of the United States men's national team and USA Selects.
Ferris has also played for the San Diego Legion, the New Orleans Gold and the Houston SaberCats in MLR, but returned to the Seattle Seawolves. He previously played for the San Francisco Rush in PRO Rugby, the USA Islanders, and Life West.

## Early life

Ferris was born on October 24, 1994 in Auckland, New Zealand and is of Māori descent. Ferris began playing rugby at the age of three and attended King's College. After having played rugby with Mid Northern RFC in New Zealand and with the San Diego Old Aztecs of San Diego, California for one season, Ferris moved to the United States permanently to play for Life West, where he has been coached by his father. In 2016, Ferris won a DII National Championship as a member of the Life West rugby team.

## Club career
### San Francisco Rush

In April 2016, it was announced that Ferris had signed with the San Francisco Rush of PRO Rugby for that competition's first and only season. Ferris made his debut for the Rush on April 17, appearing as a substitute, in a 37–25 loss to Sacramento. Ferris made his first start for the Rush at scrum-half on April 24, in a 35–18 defeat to Denver. Ferris scored two tries in one match on two occasions during the season: on July 16 against the San Diego Breakers and on July 30 against the Sacramento Express.

### San Diego Legion

Ferris was listed on the roster for the San Diego Legion for their inaugural season in Major League Rugby, but he did not make an appearance for the club.

### Seattle Seawolves

Ferris signed with Seattle for the 2021 MLR season.

### NOLA Gold

Ferris signed with NOLA Gold for the 2022 MLR season.

### Houston Sabercats

Ferris signed with the Houston Sabercats for the 2023 MLR season.

## International career
### USA Islanders

In 2017, it was announced that Ferris had been named to the roster of the USA Islanders and would serve as vice-captain. On August 10, 2017, Ferris started for the Islanders at scrum-half in their inaugural match—a 92–0 defeat to Saracens F.C.

### USA Selects

Ferris was first named to the USA Selects' roster in September 2017, as a non-travelling reserve, in advance of the 2017 Americas Pacific Challenge. In September 2018, it was announced that Ferris had been named to the Selects' roster for the 2018 Americas Pacific Challenge. Ferris made his debut for the Selects on October 6, 2018, appearing as a substitute, in a 39–30 defeat to Tonga.

### USA Eagles

Ferris was first named to the roster for the USA Eagles for the 2018 Americas Rugby Championship, but he did not make an appearing during the competition. Ferris made his debut for the Eagles on November 10, 2018, appearing as a substitute, in the Eagles' 30–29 victory over Samoa during the 2018 end-of-year tests.
# Acoetes (Bacchic myth)

In Greek mythology, Acoetes (from Greek Ἀκοίτης, via Latin Ăcoetēs) was the fisherman known for helping the god Bacchus.

## Mythology

This Acoetes was, according to Ovid, the son of a poor fisherman in Maeonia, who served as pilot in a ship. After landing at mist sand, some of the sailors brought a beautiful sleeping boy on board with them. They had found him on the island and wished to take him with them. Acoetes, who recognized in the boy the god Bacchus, was unable to dissuade them from it. When the ship had reached the open sea, the boy awoke, and desired to be carried back to Naxos. The sailors promised to do so but did not keep their word. Hereupon the god showed himself to them in his own majesty: Vines began to twine round the vessel, and Bacchus stood crowned with grapes, holding his thyrsus (a staff with a pine cone on top, wrapped with vines and ivy leaves) and surrounded by panthers and tigers. The sailors, seized with madness, jumped into the sea and were turned into dolphins. Acoetes alone was saved and continued on his journey with Bacchus, returning to Naxos, where he was initiated in the Bacchic mysteries and became a priest of the god.
In Ovid's Pentheus and Bacchus, Acoetes was brought before the King to determine if Bacchus was truly a god. After listening to Acoetes tale of being on the ship with Bacchus, Pentheus ordered him jailed and tortured. However, in trying to imprison Acoetes "[l]ocks exploded...[d]oors flew open untouched. And untouched shackles fell off."
Hyginus, whose story on the whole agrees with that of Ovid, and all the other writers who mention this adventure of Bacchus, call the crew of the ship Tyrrhenian pirates and derive the name of the Tyrrhenian Sea from them.
# Schmidt Spiele

Schmidt Spiele is a German games publisher for a wide variety of games, especially German-style board games.
Founder Josef Friedrich Schmidt developed Mensch ärgere dich nicht in 1907/1908, based on antique forerunners. Five years later his new publishing firm began the game's serial production. The firm expanded their range of products to include a very wide range of games of all kinds.
In the 1980s, Schmidt Spiele published the highly successful German role-playing game Das Schwarze Auge (The Dark Eye).
Josef Friedrich Schmidt's son Franz founded his own independent enterprise named Schmidt Spiele in Nuremberg prior to the Second World War (seated in Munich after the war). The two enterprises maintained a shared channel of distribution, and merged in 1970. The firm's complete archives were lost in a fire in the 1970s.
Schmidt Spiele went bankrupt in 1997 and were bought up by the Blatz-Gruppe who subsequently maintained the vastly better known brand name Schmidt Spiele, publishing their own games under this name as well.
Schmidt Spiele is run as a GmbH (Schmidt Spiele GmbH). In 2006 their turnover was reportedly 33.5 million Euro.
# Mediterranean Ridge

The Mediterranean Ridge is a wide ridge in the bed of the Mediterranean Sea, running along a rough quarter circle from Calabria, south of Crete, to the southwest corner of Turkey.
It is an accretionary wedge caused by the African Plate subducting under the Eurasian and Anatolian plates. As the African Plate moves slowly north-northeastward, the sedimentary rocks covering the Mediterranean seafloor are being affected by active shortening, involving both thrust faulting and folding, lifting them up and forming the ridge.
Along the ridge, five deep basins full of anoxic brine have been found (including the L'Atalante basin), where Messinian evaporite deposits of brine caught up in this ongoing orogeny have dissolved.
In the far future, it could form part of a long high mountain range as the continued northward movement of the African Plate obliterates the eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea.

## Incipient collision with Africa

The central section of the Mediterranean Ridge shows evidence for the initial stages of collision with the Cyrenaica peninsula. Detailed bathymetric mapping using multibeam echosounders, shows that deformation within the "outer zone" (southernmost part) of the ridge, is much more intense against the promontory, with out-of-sequence thrusting replacing the gentle folding observed further east and west.
# Mochi ice cream

Mochi ice cream is a confection made from Japanese mochi (pounded sticky rice) with an ice cream filling. It was invented by Japanese-American businesswoman and community activist Frances Hashimoto with help from her husband, Joel.

## Description

Mochi ice cream is a small, round confection consisting of a soft, pounded sticky rice dumpling (mochi) formed around an ice cream filling. The ice cream adds flavor and creaminess to the confectionery while the mochi adds sweetness and texture. The traditional ice cream flavors used are vanilla, chocolate and strawberry. Other flavors, such as Kona coffee, plum wine, green tea, and red bean, are also widely used. Mochi can also be flavored as a complement to the ice cream filling. When making mochi, it is dusted with either potato or cornstarch to keep it from caking while being formed and handled.

## History

Japanese daifuku is the predecessor to mochi ice cream, commonly featuring adzuki bean filling. Due to the temperature and consistency of mochi and ice cream, both components must be modified. This is to achieve the right viscosity that will remain constant regardless of changes in temperature.
An early predecessor form of the dessert was originally produced by Lotte as Yukimi Daifuku in 1981. The company first made the product by using a rice starch instead of sticky rice and a rice milk instead of real ice cream.
Frances Hashimoto, the former president and CEO of Mikawaya, is credited as the inventor of mochi ice cream. Hashimoto's husband, Joel Friedman, conceived the idea of taking small orbs of ice cream and wrapping them in a Japanese traditional mochi rice cake. Frances Hashimoto expanded on her husband's idea, inventing the fusion dessert now popular in the United States and elsewhere. Hashimoto introduced seven flavors in the mochi product line.
Mikawaya, a company in America, began production of mochi ice cream in the United States in 1993. Research and development took over a decade to evolve into the mass production form used today, due to the complex interactions of the ingredients. Trial and error was used in order to successfully pull the delicate mochi dough over the ice cream without leaving a sodden mess. Friedman explained that in order to conduct production of the ice cream, experts in fields ranging from construction to microbiology were brought in to perfect the state-of-the-art production building.
Mikawaya debuted their mochi ice cream in Hawaii in 1994. The frozen treat was so popular, it captured 15% of the novelty frozen treat market during its first four months.
Mochi ice cream gained huge popularity in the UK following a viral TikTok trend, which began in January 2021. The trend of ‘Looking for Little Moons in Big Tesco’ became a sensation, receiving 341.8M views and a surge in sales of 1400% in Tesco alone.
Now, stores like Trader Joe's sell mochi ice cream with flavors such as mango, chocolate, and, in some places, purple yam.
# 2005 Kurdistan Region independence referendum

An informal independence referendum for Kurdistan Region was held on 30 January 2005, with final results showing the vast majority of votes, 98.98 per cent, cast in favour of independence. Conducted by the Kurdistan Referendum Movement alongside the Iraqi parliamentary elections and Kurdistan Region elections of 2005, the referendum asked the people of Kurdistan Region whether they favoured remaining a part of Iraq or were in favour of an independent Kurdistan.

## Background

On 22 December 2004, a non-partisan delegation headed by Ardishir Rashidi-Kalhur, president of the Kurdish American Education Society met with Carina Perelli, Head of the U.N. Electoral Assistance Division and staff, at the United Nations Headquarters in New York, to hand over 1,732,535 signatures, which were collected endorsing the call for an independence referendum on the future of Southern Kurdistan.
The referendum was held at the end of the term of the Iraqi Interim Government.

## Impact

The referendum did not lead to the independence of Kurdistan because of threats from neighboring countries, but the Kurdistan Region was granted autonomy in the Constitution of Iraq adopted on October 15, 2005.

## Results

| Area: | Independence | Independence | Stay in Iraq | Stay in Iraq | Stay in Iraq | Total | Total | Total | Total | Independence % | Independence % | Stay in Iraq % | Stay in Iraq % | Stay in Iraq % |
| Kerkuk: | 131,274 | 131,274 | 181 | 181 | 181 | 131,582 | 131,582 | 131,582 | 131,582 | 99.88 | 99.88 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.12 |
| Nineveh: | 165,780 | 165,780 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 165,891 | 165,891 | 165,891 | 165,891 | 99.93 | 99.93 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.07 |
| Diyala: | 35,786 | 35,786 | 627 | 627 | 627 | 36,413 | 36,413 | 36,413 | 36,413 | 98.28 | 98.28 | 1.72 | 1.72 | 1.72 |
| Silemani: | 650,000 | 650,000 | 5,796 | 5,796 | 5,796 | 656,496 | 656,496 | 656,496 | 656,496 | 99.12 | 99.12 | 0.88 | 0.88 | 0.88 |
| Hewler: | 622,409 | 622,409 | 11,289 | 11,289 | 11,289 | 636,898 | 636,898 | 636,898 | 636,898 | 98.23 | 98.23 | 1.77 | 1.77 | 1.77 |
| Dahuk: | 368,163 | 368,163 | 2,247 | 2,247 | 2,247 | 370,781 | 370,781 | 370,781 | 370,781 | 99.39 | 99.39 | 0.61 | 0.61 | 0.61 |
| Total: | 1,973,412 | 1,973,412 | 20,251 | 20,251 | 20,251 | 1,998,061 | 1,998,061 | 1,998,061 | 1,998,061 | 98.88% | 98.88% | 1.12% | 1.12% | 1.12% |