# Tenth Amendment of the Constitution Bill 1986

The Tenth Amendment of the Constitution Bill 1986 (bill no. 15 of 1986) was a proposed amendment to the Constitution of Ireland to remove the prohibition on divorce. The proposal was rejected in a referendum on 26 June 1986. It was the first of two referendums held in Ireland on the question of divorce; the Fifteenth Amendment in 1995 allowed for divorce under specified conditions.

## Background

The Constitution of Ireland adopted in 1937 included a constitutional ban on divorce. The prohibition reflected the religious values of the document's Catholic drafters, but was also supported by senior members of the Anglican Church of Ireland. In the 1930s, some other countries had similar bans, such as Italy, which would not repeal its ban until the 1970s. By the 1980s, however, many saw the prohibition on divorce as illiberal or as discriminating against those who did not share the Christian attitude to divorce. An Oireachtas Joint Committee on Marital Breakdown was established in 1983, which reported in 1985. It made recommendations on such matters as mediation, judicial separation, child custody, and barring orders; regarding divorce, it recommended that a referendum be held but did not agree on a yes vote.

## Proposed changes to the text

Tenth Amendment of the Constitution Bill proposed to delete the following Article 41.3.2° of the Constitution:
and to substitute that subsection with the following:
       i. a marriage has failed,
       ii. the failure has continued for a period of, or periods amounting to, at least five years,
       iii. there is no reasonable possibility of reconciliation between the parties to the marriage, and
       iv. any other condition prescribed by law has been complied with,

## Oireachtas debate

A private member's bill by Labour Party government backbencher Mervyn Taylor to remove the ban on divorce, Tenth Amendment of the Constitution (No. 2) Bill 1985, was defeated in Dáil Éireann on 26 February 1986 by 54 votes to 33.
On 14 May of the same year, Minister for Justice Michael Noonan introduced the Tenth Amendment of the Constitution Bill 1986 on behalf of the Fine Gael–Labour Party government of Garret FitzGerald. It passed the Dáil on 21 May and the Seanad on 24 May.

## Campaign

The amendment was supported by government parties Fine Gael and Labour as well as the Workers' Party. It was opposed by Fianna Fáil, the main opposition party, by the Catholic Church and by conservative groups.

## Result

Tenth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland Bill 1986 :
| Choice | Votes | % |
| No | 935,843 | 63.48 |
| Yes | 538,279 | 36.52 |
| Valid votes | 1,474,122 | 99.43 |
| Invalid or blank votes | 8,522 | 0.57 |
| Total votes | 1,482,644 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | 2,436,836 | 60.84 |
Results by constituency :
| Constituency | Electorate | Turnout (%) | Votes | Votes | Percentage of votes | Percentage of votes |
| Constituency | Electorate | Turnout (%) | Yes | No | Yes | No |
| Carlow–Kilkenny | 78,273 | 61.6 | 15,211 | 32,540 | 31.9 | 68.1 |
| Cavan–Monaghan | 75,717 | 57.5 | 11,882 | 31,365 | 27.5 | 72.5 |
| Clare | 64,022 | 58.2 | 11,707 | 25,356 | 31.6 | 68.4 |
| Cork East | 55,522 | 66.3 | 10,794 | 25,856 | 29.5 | 70.5 |
| Cork North-Central | 63,345 | 59.7 | 11,494 | 26,166 | 30.5 | 69.5 |
| Cork North-West | 41,319 | 67.7 | 5,829 | 21,959 | 21.0 | 79.0 |
| Cork South-Central | 74,920 | 65.2 | 18,294 | 30,388 | 37.6 | 62.4 |
| Cork South-West | 42,171 | 62.4 | 7,045 | 19,135 | 26.9 | 73.1 |
| Donegal North-East | 44,795 | 54.0 | 6,395 | 17,642 | 26.6 | 73.4 |
| Donegal South-West | 45,817 | 52.4 | 7,225 | 16,711 | 30.2 | 69.8 |
| Dublin Central | 69,375 | 55.9 | 15,098 | 23,482 | 39.1 | 60.9 |
| Dublin North | 46,393 | 63.1 | 14,781 | 14,420 | 50.6 | 49.4 |
| Dublin North-Central | 56,942 | 67.5 | 16,851 | 21,470 | 44.0 | 56.0 |
| Dublin North-East | 50,515 | 66.8 | 17,173 | 16,469 | 51.0 | 49.0 |
| Dublin North-West | 51,989 | 60.2 | 14,849 | 16,344 | 47.6 | 52.4 |
| Dublin South | 77,144 | 66.4 | 27,768 | 23,248 | 54.4 | 45.6 |
| Dublin South-Central | 69,864 | 58.1 | 18,314 | 21,945 | 45.5 | 54.5 |
| Dublin South-East | 67,739 | 52.8 | 19,107 | 16,464 | 53.7 | 46.3 |
| Dublin South-West | 67,908 | 60.5 | 21,915 | 19,018 | 53.5 | 46.5 |
| Dublin West | 80,347 | 59.0 | 23,089 | 24,181 | 48.8 | 51.2 |
| Dún Laoghaire | 76,219 | 64.9 | 28,954 | 20,299 | 58.8 | 41.2 |
| Galway East | 42,551 | 60.6 | 5,961 | 19,701 | 23.2 | 76.8 |
| Galway West | 77,286 | 51.0 | 14,428 | 24,626 | 36.9 | 63.1 |
| Kerry North | 45,480 | 59.2 | 7,210 | 19,497 | 27.0 | 73.0 |
| Kerry South | 42,413 | 59.6 | 6,034 | 19,080 | 24.0 | 76.0 |
| Kildare | 74,075 | 57.6 | 19,094 | 23,354 | 45.0 | 55.0 |
| Laois–Offaly | 74,955 | 61.5 | 12,185 | 33,540 | 26.6 | 73.4 |
| Limerick East | 67,227 | 63.2 | 14,879 | 27,440 | 35.2 | 64.8 |
| Limerick West | 43,375 | 63.5 | 6,812 | 20,530 | 24.9 | 75.1 |
| Longford–Westmeath | 61,072 | 58.5 | 10,355 | 25,087 | 29.2 | 70.8 |
| Louth | 61,795 | 64.2 | 14,135 | 25,274 | 35.9 | 64.1 |
| Mayo East | 41,227 | 57.7 | 5,734 | 17,890 | 24.3 | 75.7 |
| Mayo West | 40,695 | 55.7 | 5,916 | 16,548 | 26.3 | 73.7 |
| Meath | 73,678 | 63.4 | 14,708 | 31,655 | 31.7 | 68.3 |
| Roscommon | 41,435 | 61.6 | 5,747 | 19,597 | 22.7 | 77.3 |
| Sligo–Leitrim | 59,551 | 60.3 | 10,490 | 25,073 | 29.5 | 70.5 |
| Tipperary North | 41,516 | 66.2 | 6,972 | 20,323 | 25.5 | 74.5 |
| Tipperary South | 54,887 | 65.2 | 9,649 | 25,869 | 27.2 | 72.8 |
| Waterford | 59,614 | 64.4 | 12,555 | 25,415 | 33.1 | 66.9 |
| Wexford | 69,541 | 63.3 | 13,470 | 30,312 | 30.8 | 69.2 |
| Wicklow | 64,127 | 60.6 | 18,170 | 20,574 | 46.9 | 53.1 |
| Total | 2,436,836 | 60.8 | 538,279 | 935,843 | 36.5 | 63.5 |

## Aftermath

The Judicial Separation and Family Law Reform Act 1989, enacted three years after the referendum, had been initiated as a private member's bill by Fine Gael backbencher Alan Shatter. This allowed for separation to be recognised by the courts, without the right to remarry.
The Fifteenth Amendment of the Constitution Act 1995 was proposed by Mervyn Taylor, now as Minister for Equality and Law Reform, which again proposed to allow for divorce in certain circumstances. It was narrowly passed by referendum on 24 November 1995 with 50.3 of the vote.

## Sources
### Primary

* Taylor, Mervyn (1 November 1985). "Tenth amendment of the Constitution (no.2) bill 1985 : as introduced" (PDF) (in English and Irish). Dublin: Stationery Office. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
* "Tenth Amendment of the Constitution (No. 2) Bill, 1985 (Bill 36 of 1985)". Bills. Oireachtas. Debates. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
* Dukes, Alan (23 April 1986). "Tenth amendment of the Constitution bill 1986 : as initiated" (PDF) (in English and Irish). Dublin: Stationery Office. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
* "Tenth amendment of the Constitution bill 1986 : as passed by both Houses of the Oireachtas" (PDF) (in English and Irish). Dublin: Stationery Office. 24 May 1986. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
* "Tenth Amendment of the Constitution Bill 1986 (Bill 15 of 1986)". Bills. Oireachtas. Debates. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
* "Electoral (Amendment) Act 1986". electronic Irish Statute Book. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
* "Judicial Separation and Family Law Reform Act 1989". electronic Irish Statute Book. Retrieved 5 October 2020.