# Lengshuijiang

Lengshuijiang (Chinese: 冷水江; pinyin: Lěngshuǐjiāng) is a county-level city in Hunan Province, China, it is under the administration of Loudi prefecture-level city. Located in central Hunan, the city is bordered to the north and west by Xinhua County, to the south by Xinshao County, and to the east by Lianyuan City. Lengshuijiang City covers 439 km$^2$ (169 sq mi). As of 2015, it has a registered population of 370,300 and a resident population of 342,700. The city has four subdistricts, five towns and a township under its jurisdiction, the government seat is Lengshuijiang Subdistrict (冷水江街道).
Lengshuijiang was incorporated as a city in 1960 and was created from parts of Xinhua County. It is a resource-based city with the world's largest antimony mine, which produces more than 50% of the world's antimony.

## Subdivision

According to the result on adjustment of township-level administrative divisions of Lengshuijiang on November 23, 2015, the divisions of Lengshuijiang, according to the result on adjustment of township-level administrative divisions of Lengshuijiang on November 23, 2015: Kuangshan Township was merged into Xikuangshan Subdistrict, Yankou Town was merged into Duoshan Town, Zilong Township was merged into Zhadu Town, Panqiao Township, Tongxing Township and Maoyi Town were revoked.
| English name | Chinese name | Population (2015) | Area (2015) |
| Buxi Subdistrict | 布溪街道 | 20,000 | 12.24-square-kilometre (4.73 sq mi) |
| Lengshuijiang Subdistrict | 冷水江街道 | 81,200 | 15.9-square-kilometre (6.1 sq mi) |
| Shatangwan Subdistrict | 沙塘湾街道 | 49,000 | 47.57-square-kilometre (18.37 sq mi) |
| Xikuangshan Subdistrict | 锡矿山街道 | 30,500 | 67.05-square-kilometre (25.89 sq mi) |
| Duoshan Town | 铎山镇 | 47,300 | 52.29-square-kilometre (20.19 sq mi) |
| Heqing Town | 禾青镇 | 36,800 | 44.44-square-kilometre (17.16 sq mi) |
| Jinzhushan Town | 金竹山镇 | 15,000 | 26.6-square-kilometre (10.3 sq mi) |
| Sanjian Town | 三尖镇 | 20,000 | 36.8-square-kilometre (14.2 sq mi) |
| Zhadu Town | 渣渡镇 | 32,000 | 74.97-square-kilometre (28.95 sq mi) |
| Zhonglian Township | 中连乡 | 27,500 | 53.03-square-kilometre (20.47 sq mi) |

## Geography

Lengshuijiang is located in the middle of Hunan province, on foothills of the Xuefeng Mountains and along the Zi River. The city is bordered to the north by Anhua County, to the east by Lianyuan, to the south by Xinshao, and to the west and northwest by Xinhua. The city has a total area of 439-square-kilometre (169 sq mi).

### Rivers

Zi River, is a tributary of Xiang River, flows through the city, draining an area of 326.5 square kilometres (126.1 sq mi).

### Reservoirs

Zhoutou Reservoir (周头水库) is a reservoir and the largest body of water in the city.

### Mountains

There are 123 mountains in the city over 400-metre (1,300 ft) above sea level, and 20 of them are more than 800-metre (2,600 ft). The highest natural elevation in Lengshuijiang is 1,073-metre (3,520 ft) at Zushiling Ridge (祖师岭).

## Climate

Lengshuijiang is in the subtropical monsoon climate zone, with an average annual temperature of 16.7 °C (62.1 °F), total annual rainfall of 1,354-millimetre (53.3 in), a frost-free period of 269 days and annual average sunshine hours in 1401.8 hours. It exhibits four distinct seasons.
Climate data for Lengshuijiang, elevation 249 m (817 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 25.9 (78.6) | 30.2 (86.4) | 35.0 (95.0) | 35.7 (96.3) | 36.5 (97.7) | 37.2 (99.0) | 39.5 (103.1) | 40.0 (104.0) | 38.4 (101.1) | 35.4 (95.7) | 31.5 (88.7) | 24.3 (75.7) | 40.0 (104.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 8.9 (48.0) | 11.6 (52.9) | 16.0 (60.8) | 22.4 (72.3) | 26.8 (80.2) | 29.7 (85.5) | 33.0 (91.4) | 32.4 (90.3) | 28.5 (83.3) | 23.1 (73.6) | 17.8 (64.0) | 11.8 (53.2) | 21.8 (71.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 5.3 (41.5) | 7.6 (45.7) | 11.6 (52.9) | 17.4 (63.3) | 21.8 (71.2) | 25.2 (77.4) | 28.1 (82.6) | 27.2 (81.0) | 23.3 (73.9) | 18.1 (64.6) | 12.9 (55.2) | 7.5 (45.5) | 17.2 (62.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 2.6 (36.7) | 4.7 (40.5) | 8.4 (47.1) | 13.7 (56.7) | 18.0 (64.4) | 21.8 (71.2) | 24.2 (75.6) | 23.6 (74.5) | 19.8 (67.6) | 14.6 (58.3) | 9.3 (48.7) | 4.2 (39.6) | 13.7 (56.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −6.3 (20.7) | −4.7 (23.5) | −1.6 (29.1) | 2.1 (35.8) | 7.5 (45.5) | 12.2 (54.0) | 17.1 (62.8) | 16.5 (61.7) | 12.0 (53.6) | 2.9 (37.2) | −1.8 (28.8) | −8.2 (17.2) | −8.2 (17.2) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 69.1 (2.72) | 75.1 (2.96) | 131.1 (5.16) | 164.2 (6.46) | 204.1 (8.04) | 260.6 (10.26) | 175.5 (6.91) | 136.3 (5.37) | 79.1 (3.11) | 76.5 (3.01) | 72.1 (2.84) | 51.0 (2.01) | 1,494.7 (58.85) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 13.8 | 13.9 | 17.8 | 17.2 | 15.9 | 17.0 | 11.6 | 13.0 | 9.6 | 10.1 | 10.4 | 11.2 | 161.5 |
| Average snowy days | 5.7 | 3.4 | 0.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.3 | 2.2 | 12.3 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 77 | 77 | 79 | 78 | 79 | 82 | 76 | 78 | 78 | 76 | 75 | 73 | 77 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 58.8 | 58.1 | 77.6 | 101.6 | 124.7 | 119.4 | 196.0 | 175.9 | 130.1 | 113.5 | 104.3 | 86.8 | 1,346.8 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 18 | 18 | 21 | 26 | 30 | 29 | 46 | 44 | 36 | 32 | 33 | 27 | 30 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration ||||||||||||||

## Economy

As of 2016, Lengshuijiang's GDP is CN¥ 28,880,000,000. The city's economy is dominated by coal resource, which is venerated as "Coal Sea in Jiangnan".

## Demographics
### Population

As of 2016, the National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China estimates the city's population to be 372,400. Lengshuijiang has a majority Han population with Miao, Hui and Tujia ethnic minorities.

### Language

Mandarin is the official language. The local people speak Loudi dialect.

### Religion

The city hosts religious institutions of various faiths, including Christianity, Islam, Chinese folk religion, Buddhism, and Taoism.

## Education

As of 2016, Lengshuijiang has two high schools, 11 middle schools, 57 primary schools and 78 kindergartens.
Lengshuijiang Normal School is an institution of higher education in Lengshuijiang, which has no university.

## Transportation
### Railway

The Shanghai–Kunming railway passes through the middle of the city.
The Shanghai–Kunming high-speed railway also passes through the southwestern portion of the city.

### Expressway

The S70 Loudi–Huaihua Expressway, more commonly known as "Louhuai Expressway", is a west–east highway passing through the southwestern portion of the city.

### Provincial Highway

The Provincial Highway S312 runs east to west through the city.
The Provincial Highway S217 is a north–south highway passing through the town of Sanjian.

## Tourism

Boyue Cave is situated in Zhonglian Township. It is the most well-known tourist spot in the city. The spot was used for location filming of the 1986 fantasy television series Journey to the West.
Dachengshan Scenic Spot (大乘山风景名胜区) is a provincial-level scenic spot in southeastern Lengshuijiang.
Zhoutouhu Holiday Resort (周头湖度假区) is a popular attraction in the city for recreation for residents.

## Notable people

* Duan Chuxian (段楚贤; 1889–1954), entrepreneur.
* Jiang Yunqing (姜云清; 1914–2000), a notable soldier in the Red Army.
* Su Jing (苏镜; 1912–1989), politician.
* Su Peng (苏鹏; 1880–1853), revolutionist.
* Xie Bingying (谢冰莹; 1906–2000), writer.
* Xie Dingzhong (谢定中; born 1938), chemist.
* Zeng Jie (曾杰; 1886–1941), mathematician.
* Zhu Jiang (朱江; 1916–1988), an official in the People's Liberation Army.