# List of state leaders in the 4th and 3rd millennia BC
## State leaders in the 20th century BC – State leaders by year

This is a list of state leaders in the 4th and 3rd millennium BC (4000–2001 BC).

## Africa: Northeast
### Lower Egypt

| Type | Name | Title | Royal house | From | To |
| Sovereign | Hsekiu | Pharaoh | — | ? | ? |
| Sovereign | Khayu | Pharaoh | — | ? | ? |
| Sovereign | Tiu | Pharaoh | — | ? | ? |
| Sovereign | Thesh | Pharaoh | — | ? | ? |
| Sovereign | Neheb | Pharaoh | — | ? | ? |
| Sovereign | Wazner | Pharaoh | — | Around 3100 BC? | Around 3100 BC? |
| Sovereign | Mekh | Pharaoh | — | ? | ? |

### Upper Egypt

| Type | Name | Title | Royal House | From | To |
| Sovereign | Scorpion I | Pharaoh | — | Around 3200 BC? | Around 3200 BC? |
| Sovereign | Iry-Hor | Pharaoh | — | Around 3150 BC? | Around 3150 BC? |
| Sovereign | Ka | Pharaoh | — | Around 3150 BC? | Around 3150 BC? |
| Sovereign | Scorpion | Pharaoh | — | Around 3150 BC? | Around 3150 BC? |
| Sovereign | Narmer | Pharaoh | — | Around 3150 BC? | Around 3150 BC? |

### Egypt united: Old Kingdom

| Type | Name | Title | Royal house | From | To |
| Sovereign | Narmer | Pharaoh | First dynasty | 3150 BC? | 3125 BC? |
| Sovereign | Hor-Aha | Pharaoh | First dynasty | Around 3050 BC? | Around 3050 BC? |
| Sovereign | Djer | Pharaoh | First dynasty | 41–54 years | 41–54 years |
| Sovereign | Djet | Pharaoh | First dynasty | 10–23 years | 10–23 years |
| Sovereign | Merneith | Pharaoh | First dynasty | ? | ? |
| Sovereign | Den | Pharaoh | First dynasty | 14–42 years | 14–42 years |
| Sovereign | Anedjib | Pharaoh | First dynasty | 8–10 years | 8–10 years |
| Sovereign | Semerkhet | Pharaoh | First dynasty | 8.5–9 years | 8.5–9 years |
| Sovereign | Qa'a | Pharaoh | First dynasty | 2916 BC? | 2890 BC? |
| Sovereign | Hotepsekhemwy | Pharaoh | Second dynasty | 2890 BC? | 2853 BC? |
| Sovereign | Raneb | Pharaoh | Second dynasty | 10–39 years | 10–39 years |
| Sovereign | Nynetjer | Pharaoh | Second dynasty | 40–45 years | 40–45 years |
| Sovereign | Weneg | Pharaoh | Second dynasty | 8 years | 8 years |
| Sovereign | Senedj | Pharaoh | Second dynasty | 20 years | 20 years |
| Sovereign | Seth-Peribsen | Pharaoh | Second dynasty | 17 years | 17 years |
| Sovereign | Sekhemib-Perenmaat | Pharaoh | Second dynasty | ? | ? |
| Sovereign | Khasekhemwy | Pharaoh | Second dynasty | 17–18 years | 2686 BC? |
| Sovereign | Sanakht | Pharaoh | Third dynasty | 2686 BC | 2668 BC |
| Sovereign | Djoser | Pharaoh | Third dynasty | 2668 BC | 2649 BC |
| Sovereign | Sekhemkhet | Pharaoh | Third dynasty | 2649 BC | 2643 BC |
| Sovereign | Khaba | Pharaoh | Third dynasty | 2643 BC | 2637 BC |
| Sovereign | Huni | Pharaoh | Third dynasty | 2637 BC | 2613 BC |
| Sovereign | Sneferu | Pharaoh | Fourth dynasty | 2613 BC | 2589 BC |
| Sovereign | Khufu | Pharaoh | Fourth dynasty | 2589 BC | 2566 BC |
| Sovereign | Djedefre | Pharaoh | Fourth dynasty | 2566 BC | 2558 BC |
| Sovereign | Khafre | Pharaoh | Fourth dynasty | 2558 BC | 2532 BC |
| Sovereign | Menkaure | Pharaoh | Fourth dynasty | 2532 BC | 2503 BC |
| Sovereign | Shepseskaf | Pharaoh | Fourth dynasty | 2503 BC | 2498 BC |
| Sovereign | Userkaf | Pharaoh | Fifth dynasty | 2498 BC or 2494 BC | 2491 BC or 2487 BC |
| Sovereign | Sahure | Pharaoh | Fifth dynasty | 2490 BC or 2487 BC | 2477 BC or 2475 BC |
| Sovereign | Neferirkare Kakai | Pharaoh | Fifth dynasty | 2477 BC or 2475 BC | 2467 BC or 2455 BC |
| Sovereign | Neferefre | Pharaoh | Fifth dynasty | 2460 BC | 2458 BC or 2425 BC |
| Sovereign | Shepseskare | Pharaoh | Fifth dynasty | 2467 BC or 2455 BC | 2460 BC or 2448 BC |
| Sovereign | Nyuserre Ini | Pharaoh | Fifth dynasty | 2445 BC or 2425 BC | 2422 BC or 2421 BC |
| Sovereign | Menkauhor Kaiu | Pharaoh | Fifth dynasty | 2422 BC or 2421 BC | 2414 BC |
| Sovereign | Djedkare Isesi | Pharaoh | Fifth dynasty | 2414 BC | 2375 BC |
| Sovereign | Unas | Pharaoh | Fifth dynasty | 2375 BC | 2375 BC |
| Sovereign | Teti | Pharaoh | Sixth dynasty | 2345 BC | 2333 BC |
| Sovereign | Userkare | Pharaoh | Sixth dynasty | 2333 BC | 2332 BC |
| Sovereign | Pepi I Meryre | Pharaoh | Sixth dynasty | 2332 BC | 2283 BC |
| Sovereign | Merenre Nemtyemsaf I | Pharaoh | Sixth dynasty | 2283 BC | 2278 BC |
| Sovereign | Pepi II Neferkare | Pharaoh | Sixth dynasty | 2278 BC | 2184 BC |
| Sovereign | Merenre Nemtyemsaf II | Pharaoh | Sixth dynasty | 2184 BC | 2184 BC |
| Sovereign | Neitiqerty Siptah | Pharaoh | Sixth dynasty | 2184 BC | 2181 BC |

### First Intermediate Period of Egypt

| Type | Name | Title | Royal house | From | To |
| Sovereign | Menkare | Pharaoh | Eighth dynasty | ? | ? |
| Sovereign | Neferkare II | Pharaoh | Eighth dynasty | ? | ? |
| Sovereign | Neferkare Neby | Pharaoh | Eighth dynasty | ? | ? |
| Sovereign | Djedkare Shemai | Pharaoh | Eighth dynasty | ? | ? |
| Sovereign | Neferkare Khendu | Pharaoh | Eighth dynasty | ? | ? |
| Sovereign | Merenhor | Pharaoh | Eighth dynasty | ? | ? |
| Sovereign | Neferkamin | Pharaoh | Eighth dynasty | ? | ? |
| Sovereign | Nikare | Pharaoh | Eighth dynasty | ? | ? |
| Sovereign | Neferkare Tereru | Pharaoh | Eighth dynasty | ? | ? |
| Sovereign | Neferkahor | Pharaoh | Eighth dynasty | ? | ? |
| Sovereign | Neferkare Pepiseneb | Pharaoh | Eighth dynasty | ? | ? |
| Sovereign | Neferkamin Anu | Pharaoh | Eighth dynasty | ? | ? |
| Sovereign | Qakare Ibi | Pharaoh | Eighth dynasty | 2169 BC | 2167 BC |
| Sovereign | Neferkaure II | Pharaoh | Eighth dynasty | 2167 BC | 2163 BC |
| Sovereign | Neferkauhor | Pharaoh | Eighth dynasty | 2163 BC | 2161 BC |
| Sovereign | Neferirkare | Pharaoh | Eighth dynasty | 2161 BC | 2160 BC |
| Sovereign | Neferkare III | Pharaoh | Ninth dynasty | ? | ? |
| Sovereign | Senenh/Setut | Pharaoh | Ninth dynasty | ? | ? |
| Sovereign | Mer[ibre Khety] | Pharaoh | Ninth dynasty | ? | ? |
| Sovereign | Shed— | Pharaoh | Ninth dynasty | ? | ? |
| Sovereign | H— | Pharaoh | Ninth dynasty | ? | ? |
| Sovereign | Meryhathor | Pharaoh | Tenth dynasty | 2130 BC | ? |
| Sovereign | Neferkare IV | Pharaoh | Tenth dynasty | ? | ? |
| Sovereign | Wahkare Khety I | Pharaoh | Tenth dynasty | ? | ? |
| Sovereign | Merikare | Pharaoh | Tenth dynasty | ? | 2040 BC |
| Sovereign | Mentuhotep I | Pharaoh | Eleventh dynasty | ? | ? |
| Sovereign | Intef I | Pharaoh | Eleventh dynasty | 2134 BC | 2118 BC or 2117 BC |
| Sovereign | Intef II | Pharaoh | Eleventh dynasty | 2117 BC or 2112 BC | 2069 BC or 2063 BC |
| Sovereign | Intef III | Pharaoh | Eleventh dynasty | 2069 BC | 2061 BC or 2060 BC |
| Sovereign | Mentuhotep II | Pharaoh | Eleventh dynasty | 2061 BC or 2060 BC | 2040 BC |

### Egypt reunited: Middle Kingdom

* Eleventh Dynasty of Middle Kingdom Egypt (complete list) –
   * Mentuhotep I, King (c.2135 BC)
   * Intef I, King (c.2120 BC or c.2070 BC)
   * Intef II, King (2112–2063 BC)
   * Intef III, King (2069–2061 BC, 2063–2055 BC, or 2016–2009 BC)
   * Mentuhotep II, King (c.2061–2010 BC)
   * Mentuhotep III, King (2010 BC – 1998 BC)

## Asia: West
### Assyria: Early Assyrian period
#### Kings who Lived in Tents

| Type | Name | Title | Royal house | From | To |
| Sovereign | Tudiya | King | — | 23rd century BC? | 23rd century BC? |
| Sovereign | Adamu | King | — | ? | ? |
| Sovereign | Yangi | King | — | ? | ? |
| Sovereign | Suhlamu | King | — | ? | ? |
| Sovereign | Harharu | King | — | ? | ? |
| Sovereign | Mandaru | King | — | ? | ? |
| Sovereign | Imsu | King | — | ? | ? |
| Sovereign | Harsu | King | — | ? | ? |
| Sovereign | Didanu | King | — | ? | ? |
| Sovereign | Hanu | King | — | ? | ? |
| Sovereign | Zuabu | King | — | ? | ? |
| Sovereign | Nuabu | King | — | ? | ? |
| Sovereign | Abazu | King | — | ? | ? |
| Sovereign | Belu | King | — | ? | ? |
| Sovereign | Azarah | King | — | ? | ? |
| Sovereign | Ushpia | King | — | Around 2030 BC? | Around 2030 BC? |
| Sovereign | Apiashal | King | — | ? | ? |

#### Kings whose Fathers Are Known

| Type | Name | Title | Royal house | From | To |
| Sovereign | Apiashal | King | — | ? | ? |
| Sovereign | Hale | King | — | ? | ? |
| Sovereign | Samani | King | — | ? | ? |
| Sovereign | Hayani | King | — | ? | ? |
| Sovereign | Ilu-Mer | King | — | ? | ? |
| Sovereign | Yakmesi | King | — | ? | ? |
| Sovereign | Yakmeni | King | — | ? | ? |
| Sovereign | Yazkur-el | King | — | ? | ? |
| Sovereign | Ila-kabkabu | King | — | ? | ? |
| Sovereign | Aminu | King | — | ? | ? |

#### Kings whose Eponyms Are not Known

| Type | Name | Title | Royal house | From | To |
| Sovereign | Sulili | King | — | 21st century BC? | 21st century BC? |
| Sovereign | Kikkiya | King | — | 21st century BC? | 21st century BC? |
| Sovereign | Akiya | King | — | 21st century BC or early 20th century BC? | 21st century BC or early 20th century BC? |

### Ebla

* Ebla: First Eblaite kingdom (complete list) –
   * Sagisu, King (c.2680 BC, middle chronology)
   * Kun-Damu, King (c.2400, middle chronology)
   * Igrish-Halam, King (c.2360, middle chronology)
   * Irkab-Damu, King (c.2340, middle chronology)
   * Isar-Damu, King (c.2320, middle chronology)

### Elam

| Type | Name | Title | Royal house | From | To |
| Sovereign | Humbaba | ? | — | Around 2700 BC | Around 2680 BC |
| Sovereign | Humban-Shutur | ? | — | ? | ? |
| Sovereign | The unnamed king of Awan | King of Awan | Awan dynasty | Around 2580 BC | ? |
| Sovereign | ...Lu | King of Awan | Awan dynasty | ? | ? |
| Sovereign | Kur-Ishshak | King of Awan | Awan dynasty | ? | Around 2550 BC |
| Sovereign | Peli | King of Awan | Awan dynasty | Around 2500 BC | ? |
| Sovereign | Tata I | King of Awan | Awan dynasty | ? | ? |
| Sovereign | Ukku-Tanhish | King of Awan | Awan dynasty | ? | ? |
| Sovereign | Hishutash | King of Awan | Awan dynasty | ? | ? |
| Sovereign | Shushun-Tarana | King of Awan | Awan dynasty | ? | ? |
| Sovereign | Napi-Ilhush | King of Awan | Awan dynasty | ? | ? |
| Sovereign | Kikku-Siwe-Temti | King of Awan | Awan dynasty | ? | ? |
| Sovereign | Hishep-Ratep I | King of Awan | Awan dynasty | ? | ? |
| Sovereign | Luh-ishan | King of Awan | Awan dynasty | ? | Around 2325 BC |
| Sovereign | Hishep-Ratep II | King of Awan | Awan dynasty | Around 2325 BC | ? |
| Sovereign | Emahsini | King of Awan | Awan dynasty | Around 2315 BC | 2311 BC |
| Sovereign | Helu | King of Awan | Awan dynasty | ? | ? |
| Sovereign | Khita | King of Awan | Awan dynasty | Around 2250 BC | Around 2250 BC |
| Sovereign | Kutik-Inshushinak | King of Awan | Awan dynasty | Around 2100 BC | Around 2100 BC |
| Sovereign | The unnamed king of Simashki | King of Shimashki | Shimashki dynasty | ? | Around 2100 BC |
| Sovereign | Gir-Namme I | King of Shimashki | Shimashki dynasty | ? | ? |
| Sovereign | Tazitta I | King of Shimashki | Shimashki dynasty | Around 2040 BC | Around 2037 BC |
| Sovereign | Eparti I | King of Shimashki | Shimashki dynasty | ? | Around 2033 BC |
| Sovereign | Gir-Namme II | King of Shimashki | Shimashki dynasty | Around 2033 BC | ? |
| Sovereign | Tazitta II | King of Shimashki | Shimashki dynasty | ? | ? |
| Sovereign | Lurak-Luhhan | King of Shimashki | Shimashki dynasty | Around 2028 BC | 2022 BC |
| Sovereign | Hutran-Temti | King of Shimashki | Shimashki dynasty | ? | ? |
| Sovereign | Indattu-Inshushinak I | King of Shimashki | Shimashki dynasty | ? | 2016 BC |
| Sovereign | Kindattu | King of Shimashki | Shimashki dynasty | Before 2006 BC | After 2005 BC |