OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# University of Paris Faculty of Humanities

The Faculty of Humanities of Paris (in French: Faculté des Lettres de Paris), commonly known as the Sorbonne, was one of the four faculties of the University of Paris, refounded in 1896, and an independent entity from 1808 to 1896, based in the Sorbonne building, in Paris. It was the heir to the Faculty of Arts of the old University of Paris, founded around 1200, and to the College of Sorbonne, founded in 1270.
It was set up by the imperial decree regarding the University of France on 17 March 1808. It partly succeeded the Faculty of Arts of the former University of Paris (1150–1793). In 1896, it was joined to four other faculties in Paris to form the new University of Paris. It was dissolved in 1970, at the same time as the University of Paris. Sorbonne University and the Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne University are its main successors today.

## History

The Faculty of Humanities was created by the decree of 17 March 1808 on the organisation of the Imperial University of France. Under the Bourbon Restoration, the faculty welcomed an average of 1,000 to 1,500 students a year, rising to 2,000 under the July Monarchy. But the number of teaching staff remained limited: between 1809 and 1878, only 51 professors taught at the Faculty of Humanities.
In 1896, the University of Paris, also known as the New University of Paris, was re-created as an umbrella organisation for the Faculty of Science, the Faculty of Arts, the Faculty of Law, the Faculty of Medicine, the Faculty of Protestant Theology and the École Supérieure de Pharmacie de Paris. The faculty was renamed the Faculty of Arts and Humanities until 1971.
Following the loi Faure of 8 October 1970, it was divided into the universities Paris-I (Panthéon-Sorbonne University), Paris-III (Sorbonne Nouvelle University), Paris-IV (Paris-Sorbonne University), Paris-V (Paris-Descartes University) and Paris-VII (Paris-Diderot University) in 1970.

## Teaching

Its first statutes were put in place by the university's council on 16 February 1810. Each professor taught two 90-minute lessons each week. The university year began in December and lasted eight months. The faculty ran nine courses:
* ancient Greek literature
* Latin prose or 'éloquence latine'
* Latin poetry
* French prose or 'éloquence française'
* French poetry
* philosophy
* history of philosophy
* ancient and modern history
* ancient and modern geography

## Deans

* Pierre-Paul Royer-Collard, philosopher
* Jean-Denis Barbié du Bocage (1815–1825), geographer
* Victor Le Clerc (1832–1865), Latinist
* Henri Patin (1865–1876), Latinist
* Henri Wallon (1876–1881), historian
* Auguste Himly (1881–1891), historian
* Ernest Lavisse (1903–...), historian
* Alfred Croiset (1845–1923), Hellenist
* Ferdinand Brunot (1919–1928),
* Henri Delacroix (1928–...), philosopher
* André Aymard, historian
* André Cholley, geographer
* Georges Davy (...-1955), philosopher
* Pierre Renouvin (1955–1958), historian
* Marcel Durry, Latinist
* Raymond Las Vergnas, scholar of the English language, final dean of the faculté (1968–1971), then first president of Université Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris 3
# University of Nevada, Reno Arboretum

University of Nevada, Reno Arboretum is a state arboretum located across the campus at the University of Nevada, Reno in Reno, Nevada.
The arboretum was established in 1985 and contains a collection of trees, shrubs, flowers, ornamentals and native flora, including over 60 genera and about 200 species of trees, many with several cultivars present. Thirty-six mature elm trees line the Quad.
* Cherry Blossom Garden – Mt. Fuji cherry trees, azaleas, bamboo and ornamental grasses.
* Benson Gardens and Xeriscape, with Challenger Tree Memorial – crabapples, plums, maples, evergreens, plus an area of drought tolerant plants. Blue Atlas Cedars commemorate the astronauts lost in the Challenger Space Shuttle accident.
* The Quad – The Quad was originally used as a parade ground for student cadets in the late 19th century and in 1908 replanted to Thomas Jefferson's design for the University of Virginia lawn. In 1988, several elms were removed due to Dutch elm disease. The Quad is now planted with a mixture of elm, hackberry, ash and oak trees, and the lawn is interspersed with weeping white birch, oak and evergreen trees.
* Jimmie’s Garden – rock daphne, hornbeam, weeping Nootka cypress, a Japanese pagoda tree, star magnolias, rhododendrons, perennial shrubs and flowers.
* Fleischmann Agriculture Entry Landscape – magnolia, spring-flowering bulbs and annuals. Trees include crimean lindens, ash, blue spruce, dwarf montgomery spruce and flowering pears along the street.
* Merriam A. Brown Rose Garden – roses.
* Manzanita Lake
* Joe Robertson Native Garden – plants from the Great Basin Desert, Mojave Desert and Sonoran Desert.
# Milton Gaither

Milton Gaither is an historian of education and a professor at Messiah College. Some of his most notable works include American Educational History Revisited, on the historiography of American education, and Homeschool: An American History.

## Early life

Gaither received a bachelor's degree from Wheaton College in 1990 in philosophy and literature, a Master of Arts in Religion from the Yale Divinity School in 1996 in church history and classical languages, and a Ph.D. in the history of American education from Indiana University Bloomington in 2000.
# Inget stoppar oss nu

"Inget stoppar oss nu", also known as "Inget kan stoppa oss nu" or "I natt, i natt", is a song written by Lasse Holm and Ingela "Pling" Forsman, and originally intended to be performed by Haakon Pedersen at Melodifestivalen 1987. The song never entered the contest, but instead he recorded it for the album Nattens drottning from 1989.

## Dansband standard

In the springtime of 1989, the song was recorded by Canyons orkester for Mariann Grammofon, (number: tmcs045). The song also topped Skånetoppen in 1990. In 1990, it was also recorded by Trastinis (B-side). A live recording by Stefan Borsch orkester on the 1990 video album Te' dans me' Stefan Borsch orkester was also done.
In 1991, Black Jack scored a major hit with the song, releasing it as a single in 1990, with "I ett lusthus" as B-side. It was also recorded for the 1990 movie soundtrack album Black Jack in 1990 from the film Blackjack and for the film with the same name.
In 1991, Kikki Danielsson recorded the song on the album "Vägen hem till dej", and Drifters with Marie Arturén recorded it as a B-side for the single "Säg varför". Leif Norbergs (single) and Mats Bergmans also recorded the song in the same year, as did Contrazt, Tottes and Cheeries, while Christie recorded it in the following year.
In 2001, Halländers recorded the song.
At Dansbandskampen 2008 the song was used during the finals, and performed by Larz-Kristerz and Scotts, where Larz Kristerz won. Scotts performed the song using an acoustic arrangement, which in 2009 was on the album Längtan. It was also recorded by CC & Lee for the album Gåva till dig in 2009.
At Dansbandskampen 2010, the song was performed by Jeppez & the Cowboys. Before the penultimate program the song was performed, outside any competition, by Elisas, Patrik's Combo and Willez.

## Other recordings

* Black Ingvars recorded a 1995 recording at "Inget stoppar oss nu" on the album "Earcandy Six", and the same year Flintstens med Stanley also recorded the song.
* At Körslaget 2009 the song was performed by Stefan Nykvist's choir from Älvdalen.
* Anne-Lie Rydé recorded the song on the 2010 album Dans på rosor.
* Ellen Krauss recorded the song on the 2023 album Så mycket bättre.
# Grabówiec, Greater Poland Voivodeship

Grabówiec is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Krzemieniewo, within Leszno County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.
# Salinópolis Airport

Salinópolis Airport (IATA: OPP, ICAO: SNSM) is the airport serving Salinópolis, Brazil.
It is managed by contract by Infraero.

## History

On March 1, 2024 the State of Pará signed a contract of operation with Infraero.

## Airlines and destinations

| Airlines | Destinations |
| Azul Conecta | Belém |

## Access

The airport is located 9 km (6 mi) from downtown Salinópolis.
# Alexander Lindsay, 4th Earl of Balcarres

Alexander Lindsay, 4th Earl of Balcarres (died 25 July 1736) was a Scottish peer.
Alexander Lindsay was born the son of Colin Lindsay, 3rd Earl of Balcarres and Lady Margaret Campbell. He inherited his title on the death of his father in 1722. He married in 1718 Elizabeth Scott, the daughter of David Scott of Scotstarvet.
He joined the army as an ensign then lieutenant in the grenadier horse guards. He then transferred, as a captain, to Lord Orkney's regiment and saw much action in Flander, where he was wounded at the siege of St Venant. He was in Ireland with his regiment at the time his father and brother took part in the Jacobite rising of 1715, which caused him to lose any chance of promotion in the army. He thus returned home to a commission in the foot guards.
At the general election in 1734, he was returned as one of the sixteen representative peers of Scotland.
He died on 25 July 1736. As he had no children, he was succeeded by his brother James Lindsay, 5th Earl of Balcarres.
# 1952 Yukon general election

The 1952 Yukon general election was held on 20 August 1952 to elect the five members of the Yukon Territorial Council. The council was non-partisan, and worked on the basis of consensus government.

## Members

| District | Member | Notes |
| Carmacks-Kluane | Alexander Hayes | Speaker of the Council |
| Dawson | Vincent Mellor | |
| Mayo | Alex Berry | |
| Whitehorse East | John Phelps | |
| Whitehorse West | Fred Locke | |
# Hope E. Hopps

Hope Elizabeth Hopps (June 15, 1926 – November 7, 1988) was an American microbiologist and immunologist who retired from the US Food and Drug Administration having served as assistant director of the Bureau of Biologics. She published 89 articles in scientific journals and books, and was awarded two patents related to vaccine development.
The Society for In Vitro Biology established the Hope E. Hopps Award, for outstanding students of in-vitro biology.

## Education

Hopps earned her undergraduate degree from University of Rhode Island and in 1950 her Master's degree in Microbiology from the University of Maryland.

## Career

Initially a bacteriologist at Garfield Memorial Hospital, she went on to do research at Walter Reed Army Institute of Research. She moved to the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases in 1956, then to the National Institutes of Health's Division of Biological Standards (which because the Bureau of Biologics in 1972) in 1960, where she served as assistant to the director.

## Research

Hopps developed a continuous grivet monkey kidney cell line to help create a live poliovirus vaccine. She discovered the ability of rickettsiae to produce interferon. She also helped study the attenuated rubella virus.
She later worked with Harry M. Meyer, Jr. and Paul D. Parkman on the Rubella vaccine although her role was not given full credit. She was included as a co-author on papers and jointly held a patent for the rubella blood test with Meyer and Parkman. The discovery however was credited to Meyer and Parkman. Despite this she was called a "Girl Friday" and an NIH photograph described her as a "female technician". She was credited with the "first practical procedure for wide-scale evaluation of rubella immunity".
She was elected national president of Graduate Women in Science in 1972. She was active in the Tissue Culture Association (TCA), now known as the Society for In Vitro Biology (SIVB), serving as president of the Washington, D.C. chapter from 1974 until 1975, national vice-president from 1978 until 1980, and was a member of its council and occasionally its executive board from 1974 until 1988. She chaired the publications committee and established a new name and format for the society's journal, In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology.

## Private life

She married George Hopps and they lived in Silver Spring. She died of cancer at age 62.

## Legacy

The Society for In Vitro Biology established the Hope E. Hopps Award in her honor, for students who demonstrate outstanding achievements in the field of in vitro biology.
In 2018 the NIH were amending their records of "female technician" in photographs to add her name.
# Siege of Constantinople (1394–1402)

The siege of Constantinople in 1394–1402 was a long blockade of the capital of the Byzantine Empire by the Ottoman Sultan Bayezid I. Already in 1391, the rapid Ottoman conquests in the Balkans had cut off the city from its hinterland. After constructing the fortress of Anadoluhisarı to control the Bosporus strait, Bayezid tried to starve the city into submission by blockading it both by land and, less effectively, by sea.
The Crusade of Nicopolis was launched to relieve the city, but it was decisively defeated by the Ottomans. In 1399, a French expeditionary force under Marshal de Boucicaut arrived, but was unable to achieve much. The situation became so dire that in December 1399 the Byzantine emperor, Manuel II Palaiologos, left the city to tour the courts of Western Europe in a desperate attempt to secure military aid. The emperor was welcomed with honours, but secured no definite pledges of support. The city was relieved when Bayezid had to confront the invasion of Timur in 1402. Bayezid's defeat in the Battle of Ankara in 1402 and the subsequent Ottoman civil war enabled the Byzantines to regain some lost territories in the Treaty of Gallipoli.
# 1992 Nigerian Senate elections in Bauchi State

The 1992 Nigerian Senate election in Bauchi State was held on July 4, 1992, to elect members of the Nigerian Senate to represent Bauchi State. Ibrahim Lame representing Bauchi Central, Mohammed Uba Ahmed representing Bauchi East and Mohammed Bello Katagum representing Bauchi North all won on the platform of the National Republican Convention.

## Overview

| Affiliation | Party | Party | Total |
| Affiliation | SDP | NRC | Total |
| Before Election | | | 3 |
| After Election | 0 | 3 | 3 |

## Summary

| District | Elected Senator | Party |
| Bauchi Central | Ibrahim Lame | NRC |
| Bauchi East | Mohammed Uba Ahmed | NRC |
| Bauchi North | Mohammed Bello Katagum | NRC |

## Results
### Bauchi Central

The election was won by Ibrahim Lame of the National Republican Convention.
1992 Nigerian Senate election in Bauchi State :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | NRC | Ibrahim Lame | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | | |
| | NRC hold | NRC hold | NRC hold | NRC hold |

### Bauchi East

The election was won by Mohammed Uba Ahmed of the National Republican Convention.
1992 Nigerian Senate election in Bauchi State :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | NRC | Mohammed Uba Ahmed | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | | |
| | NRC hold | NRC hold | NRC hold | NRC hold |

### Bauchi North

The election was won by Mohammed Bello Katagum of the National Republican Convention.
1992 Nigerian Senate election in Bauchi State :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | NRC | Mohammed Bello Katagum | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | | |
| | NRC hold | NRC hold | NRC hold | NRC hold |
# Sipho Sibiya

Sipho Sibiya Riopel (born 28 July 1971), also known as Siphos Sibya, is a retired soccer player who is an assistant coach with the Vancouver Whitecaps women's team. Born in South Africa, he represented Canada at international level in futsal and beach soccer.

## Player
### Youth

In 1991, Sibiya, at the time known as Sipho Riopel, played a single season for Seattle Pacific University.

### Professional

In 1994, Sibiya began his professional career with the Vancouver 86ers of the American Professional Soccer League. He played four seasons in Vancouver. In 1998, he played a single season with the Montreal Impact of the USISL A-League. In December 1998, he tore his achilles tendon playing indoor soccer. The injury kept him from playing outdoors in 1999. In 1996, Sibiya began playing winter indoor soccer with the expansion Edmonton Drillers of the National Professional Soccer League. Sibiya played all four plus seasons of the team's existence. The Drillers began the 2000–2001 season, but folded after nine games. On 4 December 2001, the Milwaukee Wave selected Subiya in the first round of the dispersal draft. He played three seasons with the Wave. On August 38, 2003, the Wave traded Sibiya and future considerations to the Cleveland Force for Giuliano Oliviero. The Force then traded Sibiya and D.J. Newsom to the St. Louis Steamers for Ato Leone. In June 2004, Sibiya was again part of a complicated three team trade. The Steamers traded Siphiya to the Milwaukee Wave for Joe Reiniger. The Wave then traded Siphiya, Gary DePalma and future considerations to the Cleveland Force in exchange for Lee Edgerton. While this was taking place, Sibiya was playing for the Edmonton Aviators of the USL A-League. On 29 March 2005, the Force traded Sibiya and Joel John Bailey to the Baltimore Blast for Neil Gilbert and Allen Eller. On 21 March 2007, Sibiya signed with the Winnipeg Alliance of the Canadian Major Indoor Soccer League. In 2008, Sibiya became a player-coach for the Saskatoon Accelerators of the Professional Arena Soccer League. In 2009, he became a player-coach with the Prince George Fury of the Professional Arena Soccer League.

### National team

Sibiya played for the Canada national beach soccer team which went to the quarterfinals of the 2006 FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup.

## Coach

Sibiya has held numerous coaching positions, including assistant coach to the 2006 Canada national beach soccer team and head coach of the Saskatoon Accelerators and Prince George Fury. He is an assistant coach with the Vancouver Whitecaps women's team. From September 2009 to November 2011, he served as Technical Director for the Guildford Athletic Club in Surrey, British Columbia.
# Manhar Raskapur

Manhar Rangildas Raskapur (8 May 1922 – 14 February 1980) was an Indian film director primarily known for his works in Gujarati cinema.

## Biography

Raskapur was born in 1922 in Surat, Gujarat, India. He studied up to the first year of college before joining the film industry. He, along with his producer Champsibhai Nagda, was the only person who consistently made Gujarati films during 1940s. His debut film was Jogidas Khuman (1948), which he remade twice. His other best known film was Mendi Rang Lagyo (1960) which became perennial hit. In 1955, he made Rajput war sagas film Mulu Manek in which he introduced Marathi singer Shanta Apte in Gujarati cinema. He adapted Gujarati writer Pannalal Patel's novel Malela Jeev into 1956 eponymous film. In 1966, he directed Kalapi which is a biopic of Gujarati poet Kalapi. In 1978, he directed children film Miya Fuski 007. He had planned the third remake of Jogidas Khuman, but died in 1980 in Halol.

## Filmography

As a director:
* Jogidas Khuman (1948)
* Kahyagaro Kanth (1950)
* Kanyadaan (1951)
* Mulu Manek (1955)
* Malela Jeev (1956)
* Kadu Makrani (1960)
* Mendi Rang Lagyo (1960)
* Jogidas Khuman (1962)
* Akhand Saubhagyavati (1963)
* Kalapi (1966)
* Upar Gagan Vishal (1971)
* Vala Tara Deshma Danko (1973)
* Jai Ranchhod (1975)
* Jogidas Khuman (1975)
* Santu Rangili (1976)
* Bhrashtachar Murdabad (1977)
* Mari Hel Utaro Raj (1977)
* Miya Fuski 007 (1978)
* Nari Tu Narayani (1978)
* Saurashtrano Sinh-Chhelbhai (1980)
# Gralewo, Greater Poland Voivodeship

Gralewo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Międzychód, within Międzychód County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.
# Hitra (island)

Hitra is an island in Hitra Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The 571.5-square-kilometre (220.7 sq mi) island is the 7th largest island in Norway (excluding Svalbard) and the largest island south of the Lofoten archipelago. The island lies between the Trondheimsleia strait and the Frøyfjorden, just southwest of the entrance to the Trondheimsfjorden.
Hitra is surrounded by many islands such as Smøla to the southwest; Bispøyan, Helgbustadøya, Dolmøya, and Frøya to the north; Ulvøya, Fjellværsøya, and Leksa to the east; and Hemnskjela and the mainland of Norway to the south. The 345-metre (1,132 ft) tall Mørkdalstuva is the highest point on the island.
Most of the island's residents live near the coastline. The largest villages on the island are Fillan, Sandstad, Hestvika, Kvenvær, Ansnes, and Melandsjøen.

## History

The entire island is now part of Hitra Municipality, but prior to 1965, the island was divided into four municipalities: Hitra Municipality, Fillan Municipality, Sandstad Municipality, and Kvenvær Municipality.
In 2004, Statkraft completed the construction of the Hitra Wind Farm on the island. The farm has 24 windmills and produces a maximum power output of 55 megawatts (74,000 hp).
# List of regions of Palestine by Human Development Index

This is a list of regions of the State of Palestine by Human Development Index as of 2022.
| Rank | Region | HDI (2022) |
| High human development |||
| 1 | Jenin, Tubas, Tulkarm, Nablus, Qalqilya | 0.725 |
| 2 | Bethlehem, Hebron | 0.720 |
| 3 | Salfit, Ramallah and Al-Bireh, Jericho | 0.717 |
| – | Palestine | 0.715 |
| 4 | Jerusalem | 0.711 |
| 5 | Deir al-Balah, Khan Yunis, Rafah | 0.707 |
| 6 | North Gaza, Gaza | 0.703 |

## Trends by UNDP reports (international HDI)

Human Development Index (by UN Method) of Palestinian Governorates since 2004.
| Unit | HDI 2004 | HDI 2005 | HDI 2006 | HDI 2007 | HDI 2008 | HDI 2009 | HDI 2010 | HDI 2011 | HDI 2012 | HDI 2013 | HDI 2014 | HDI 2015 | HDI 2016 | HDI 2017 | HDI 2018 |
| Bethlehem, Hebron | 0.631 | 0.639 | 0.640 | 0.649 | 0.654 | 0.659 | 0.664 | 0.672 | 0.678 | 0.675 | 0.676 | 0.679 | 0.682 | 0.684 | 0.685 |
| Deir al-Balah, Khan Yunis, Rafah | 0.646 | 0.654 | 0.655 | 0.665 | 0.669 | 0.675 | 0.680 | 0.685 | 0.688 | 0.683 | 0.680 | 0.683 | 0.686 | 0.688 | 0.689 |
| Jenin, Tubas, Tulkarm, Nablus, Qalqilya | 0.636 | 0.643 | 0.644 | 0.654 | 0.658 | 0.663 | 0.668 | 0.680 | 0.689 | 0.690 | 0.695 | 0.698 | 0.700 | 0.702 | 0.703 |
| Jerusalem | 0.652 | 0.659 | 0.660 | 0.670 | 0.675 | 0.680 | 0.685 | 0.693 | 0.699 | 0.695 | 0.696 | 0.699 | 0.701 | 0.703 | 0.704 |
| North Gaza, Gaza | 0.638 | 0.645 | 0.646 | 0.656 | 0.661 | 0.666 | 0.671 | 0.672 | 0.672 | 0.662 | 0.656 | 0.659 | 0.662 | 0.664 | 0.664 |
| Salfit, Ramallah and Al-Bireh, Jericho | 0.634 | 0.642 | 0.642 | 0.652 | 0.656 | 0.661 | 0.666 | 0.680 | 0.691 | 0.693 | 0.700 | 0.703 | 0.705 | 0.707 | 0.708 |
| Palestine | 0.638 | 0.646 | 0.647 | 0.657 | 0.661 | 0.666 | 0.671 | 0.679 | 0.684 | 0.681 | 0.682 | 0.685 | 0.687 | 0.689 | 0.690 |
# Grobelka

Grobelka is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Śrem, within Śrem County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) north-east of Śrem and 30 km (19 mi) south of the regional capital Poznań.