# Dongbei renaissance

The Dongbei renaissance or Northeast renaissance (Chinese: 东北文艺复兴; pinyin: Dōngběi wényì fùxīng) is a term coined by rapper Gem [zh] to describe the revival of interest in Dongbei Chinese culture which began in the late 2010s and continues today. Works associated with the Dongbei renaissance include Gem's viral song Wild Wolf Disco (野狼Disco) and the 2023 television drama The Long Season.
Artwork associated with the Dongbei renaissance often incorporates nostalgia for the "corny" aesthetics of 1970s China, self-deprecating humor, and speculations on the decline and potential future of the economically depressed region. Commentators have noted that the unique history of the Northeast resonates with the anxiety felt by people all over the country as China's economic growth begins to slow in the 2020s.

## Historical background

Compared to Southeastern China, the Dongbei or Northeast region of China was settled by Han Chinese relatively recently, only in the past 200 years or so, during a migration movement referred to as Chuang Guandong. Jia Xingjia, a Chinese essayist, compared this expansion to the Western Expansion of the United States, in which the Northeast was seen by China as a sort of cultural blank slate. Many of these migrants abandoned their hometowns and left behind their folk traditions and languages. During the 1970s and 1980s, the Northeast was an industrial hotbed of China. State-owned industrial operations guaranteed lifetime employment to blue-collar workers, the "iron rice bowl." During this time, it was the most urbanized area of China, and boasted the country's most extensive rail network. Communities were organized around factories which provided not just employment, but also a community to their workers, such as in state-owned cultural palaces, which could serve as movie theaters, libraries, chess rooms, and stadiums, among other roles. These palaces and their decline are a common element of Dongbei renaissance works, and could be seen as a communist analogue to the capitalist dead mall: a once-vibrant physical community center that has become outmoded after economic decline and the rise of Internet-based communities.
Economic reforms in 1990s China led to privately-owned businesses outcompeting state enterprises. Corruption and increased competition caused state-owned manufacturing plants to decline, and their employees were laid off en masse. The resulting economic depression in these areas created urban decay. The northeast, more so than other regions, was both economically and culturally enmeshed with the Communist state. As a result, it struggled to adapt to a liberalized China.

## Notable works

The popularity of the 2017 song Wild Wolf Disco (Chinese: 野狼Disco; pinyin: Yěláng Disco) by underground rapper Gem led to the coining of the term "Dongbei renaissance." The song incorporates audio from a livestream done in Dongbei dialect, with a sung chorus in the style of 1990s Cantopop. Its verses describe a scene in a nightclub in the 1990s. After appearing on the first season of hip hop reality TV show The Rap of China, its nostalgic musical style and lyrics caused the song to go viral. As of September 2019, it had been played on Douyin over 1.3 billion times. Other musicians associated with the movement include Second Hand Rose and Omnipotent Youth Society.
The acclaimed 2014 film Black Coal, Thin Ice directed by Diao Yinan was connected to the Dongbei Renaissance, and even said to typify the genre. The film is described as a post-industrial neo-noir thriller, along with following works in this vein such as Lou Ye's The Shadow Play, Diao's The Wild Goose Lake, and the 2023 tv series The Long Season.
The authors Zheng Zhi, Ban Yu, Jia Hangjia, and Shuang Xuetao are notable authors associated with the Dongbei renaissance. In particular, Shuang's 2016 collection Moses on the Plain - translated into English as Rouge Street - is noted for ushering in the era of neo-Dongbei literature. Works in this movement often depict working-class characters in a setting of urban decay, coping with the aftermath of economic reforms.
The standup comedians Li Xueqin (a native of Tieling, Liaoning province) and Wang Jianguo also discuss Dongbei culture and have been linked with this movement.