OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pusan American Cultural Service building arson

35°06′10″N 129°01′52″E﻿ / ﻿35.102689°N 129.031176°E﻿ / 35.102689; 129.031176
The 1982 Pusan arson attack or Pusan American Council Fire Accidents (부산 미국문화원 방화사건; 釜山美國文化院放火事件) was an anti-American attack against the United States Information Service building in Pusan on 18 March 1982. The attack resulted in the death of a Dong-a University student who was studying in the building; three others were injured.

## Aftermath

In June 1982, 16 people were put on trial in Busan for involvement in the attack. Theology student Moon Pu-shik (23) admitted the arson charge, saying the fire was a protest against US support for the Chun Doo-hwan dictatorship, particularly the suppression of the Gwangju Uprising. The other defendants included journalist Kim Hyong-jang (32) and Reverend Choi Ki-shik (39) head of the Catholic education center in Wonju, who was accused of sheltering the attackers. In August 1982 Kim Hyong-jang and Moon Pu-shik were sentenced to death for the arson, while Moon's wife Kim Un-suk (24) and Lee Mi-ok (21), were sentenced to life imprisonment. Following pleas for mercy from the US and protests by Catholic and Protestant groups, Kim and Moon's death sentences were commuted to life imprisonment in March 1983. Their sentences were reduced to 20 years in 1988. Moon Pu-shik was released from prison in 1988 after having served six years and nine months in prison.
The former USIS building now houses the Busan Modern History Museum.
# Kopice, Opole Voivodeship

Kopice (German: Koppitz, 1936–1945 Schwarzengrund) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Grodków, within Brzeg County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) south-east of Grodków, 25 km (16 mi) south of Brzeg, and 34 km (21 mi) west of the regional capital Opole.
The Schaffgotsch noble family left a Neo-Gothic palace, today in ruins.
# Toyota N platform

The Toyota N platform is a car platform for executive cars (E-class models) from Toyota, introduced in 2003. It is often called "Mark X platform" and "Crown platform", after its core uses, and, less frequently, "Lexus GS platform". It is used on a variety of sizes of rear- and all-wheel drive automobiles, ranging from compact to full-sized executive.
In 2018, the N platform was replaced by the Toyota New Global Architecture TNGA-L platform.

## Features

* The body is monocoque;
* It is a rear-wheel drive platform, with optional four-wheel drive;
* 4WD variants use Toyota's FOUR system, which is full-time with 3 differentials (center, rear and front);
* Engines are mounted longitudinally;
* Front suspension is double wishbone, while rear is multi-link;
* Disc brakes are used at all four corners.

## N
### Applications

* Lexus LF-X concept (2003)
* Toyota Crown/Crown Majesta — S180 (2003–2008), S200 (2008–2012), S210 (2012–2020)
* Toyota Mark X sedan — X120 (2004–2009), X130 (2009–2019)
* Toyota Century — G60 (2018–present)
* Lexus IS — XE20 (2005–2014)
* Lexus GS — S190 (2005–2012)
* Lexus LS — XF40 (2007–2017)

## New N
### Applications

* Lexus GS — L10 (2012–2020)
* Lexus IS — XE30 (2013–present)
* Lexus RC — XC10 (2014–2025)
# Calisto Bertramo

Calisto Bertramo (28 August 1875 – 30 September 1941) was an Italian stage and film actor. Bertramo appeared in around twenty films and frequently on the stage.

## Life and career

Born in Turin, after graduating from high school Bertramo began his acting career with Pia Marchi's theater company, with which he remained for three years. After touring in Italy, Russia and Romania with Italia Vitaliani's stage company, in the early 1900s he worked with Emma and Irma Gramatica, Ruggero Ruggeri, and Ermete Novelli. In 1918, he founded with Alda Borelli a stage company, active for two years. He played a leading role in the 1923 London staging of The Lady from the Sea. After working with Eleonora Duse and Tatyana Pavlova, between 1924 and 1929 he was active with a company he formed with his daughter Letizia and Umberto Casilini. In films, he was mainly active as a character actor.

## Selected filmography

* Messalina (1924)
* Paradise (1932)
* Cardinal Lambertini (1934)
* Adam's Tree (1936)
* Thirty Seconds of Love (1936)
* The Make Believe Pirates (1937)
* It Was I! (1937)
* Mad Animals (1939)
* Heartbeat (1939)
* One Hundred Thousand Dollars (1940)
* A Romantic Adventure (1940)
# Aileeah Colgan

Aileeah Grace Colgan (born April 25, 1993) is an American country recording artist from Peoria, Illinois, United States. She is signed to Green Shoe Records, a subsidiary of Green Shoe Studio, which is owned by her brothers Jacob Colgan and Jon Colgan. She released her self-titled EP album at the Peoria, Illinois Apollo Theatre in May 2015. She is the 2015 Illinois State Country Showdown Winner. Aileeah has performed with Kane Brown, Rodney Atkins and Lee Greenwood. She's shared the stage with Scotty McCreery and RaeLynn at the 2016 Heartland Heroes American Red Cross event as well performing at the 2016 Common Ground Music Festival.
# 29 October 2024 Beit Lahia airstrike

This page is subject to the extended confirmed restriction related to the Arab-Israeli conflict.
On 29 October 2024, the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) conducted an airstrike on a five-story residential building in Beit Lahia in northern Gaza, killing at least 55 to 93 Palestinians, including 25 children, and leaving 40 others missing.

## Background

The IDF, which had been conducting operations in northern Gaza, said that its attacks were aimed at preventing Hamas forces from regrouping. The IDF also accused Hamas of placing themselves among the civilian population, which Hamas denied.

## Attack

The airstrike occurred at 6:30 a.m. local time. The building was being used to shelter displaced Palestinians. Ismail al-Thawabta, the director-general of Gaza's government Media Office, said that 200 people were inside the building when the attack occurred.
The airstrike caused the building to collapse. According to the Gaza Health Ministry, at least 93 people were confirmed killed in the strike, including 25 children, and dozens of others were injured. They also stated that more than half of those killed in the attack were women and children. The Palestinian Civil Defence said that at least 55 people were killed. Forty other people were reported missing.
An IDF official said the strike was conducted after Israeli soldiers noticed a "spotter" on the building's roof. The official added that the strike had not been planned and that Israeli soldiers were not aware that the building was being used to shelter displaced persons.

## Aftermath

The Kamal Adwan Hospital, which was besieged by Israeli forces at the time of the airstrike, could not treat the wounded due to a lack of doctors.

## Reactions
### Domestic

Gaza's Media Office condemned the strike, referring to it as a "horrific massacre against civilians, children and women", and demanded that medical teams be sent to northern Gaza.
After the attack, the Municipality of Beit Lahia announced that the town had been declared a "disaster area", saying "[w]e declare that the city is a disaster area due to the Israeli war of extermination and siege, and it has no food, water, hospitals, doctors, services, or communications".

### International

The IDF said in a statement released on the day of the attack that it had killed 40 "terrorists" in the northern Gaza city of Jabalia, and that it "eliminated many terrorists" in central Gaza.
The United States called the bombing a "horrifying incident with a horrifying result". The French Foreign Ministry condemned the attack. The UN Human Rights Office said it was "appalled" by the airstrike and emphasized that "civilians are protected under international humanitarian law."
# John Zarno

John Zarno (born 27 September 1950) is a British fencer. He competed in the individual and team sabre events at the 1984 Summer Olympics.
# Wolfgang Müller (field hockey)

Wolfgang Müller (born 18 February 1938) is a German field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1968 Summer Olympics.
# Ines Müller

Ines Müller, née Reichenbach (born 2 January 1959 in Grimma, Muldentalkreis, Saxony), is a German track and field athlete who represented East Germany in the shot put during the 1980s. Her biggest success was the bronze medal in the 1987 World Championship.

## International Competitions

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Notes |
| representing East Germany |||||
| 1980 | Olympic Games | Moscow, Soviet Union | 8th | 19.66 m |
| 1981 | Universiade | Bucharest, Romania | 2nd | 19.66 m |
| 1985 | World Indoor Games | Paris, France | 2nd | 19.68 m |
| 1986 | European Championships | Stuttgart, Germany | 2nd | 20.81 m |
| 1987 | World Championships | Rome, Italy | 3rd | 20.76 m |
| 1988 | Olympic Games | Seoul, South Korea | 4th | 19.79 m |
Müller represented the Empor Rostock sport club. During her sporting career she was 1.82 meters tall and weighed 90 kilograms.
# 1927 Geneva Covenanters football team

The 1927 Geneva Covenanters football team was an American football team that represented Geneva College as a member of the Tri-State Conference during the 1927 college football season. Led by Bo McMillin in his third and final year as head coach, the team compiled an overall record of 8–0–1 with a mark of 4–0 in conference play, winning the Tri-State title.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 24 | Davis & Elkins* | Reeves FieldBeaver Falls, PA | W 21–0 | |
| October 1 | at Bucknell* | Christy Mathewson–Memorial StadiumLewisburg, PA | T 0–0 | |
| October 8 | at Duquesne | Pittsburgh, PA | W 20–0 | |
| October 12 | at Boston College* | Braves FieldBoston, MA | W 13–0 | 18,000 |
| October 22 | Waynesburg | Reeves FieldBeaver Falls, PA | W 12–6 | |
| October 29 | Bethany (WV) | Reeves FieldBeaver Falls, PA | W 46–6 | |
| November 5 | Grove City* | Reeves FieldBeaver Falls, PA | W 13–0 | |
| November 12 | at Allegheny* | Meadville, PA | W 39–7 | |
| November 19 | Thiel | Reeves FieldBeaver Falls, PA | W 67–6 | |
| *Non-conference game ||||||
# Timon (film)

Timon is a 1973 Yugoslavian film directed by Tomislav Radić. It is based on William Shakespeare's tragedy Timon of Athens.

## Plot

A theater premiere of Timon of Athens ends with a rapturous applause from the audience, and Boris, the lead actor (Boris Buzančić), is congratulated for having played the role of his lifetime. Encouraged by the sense of his own worth, he starts a romantic affair with a prompter, spurring gossip in the theater. The ensemble embarks on a tour, but as their performances achieve more success, Boris is becoming less liked among his colleagues, and he begins to experience the fate of the character he is playing...
# Governor Furnas Arboretum

The Governor Furnas Arboretum is a young arboretum located in Brownville, Nebraska, United States.
The arboretum was planted in 1992–93, and became an affiliate of the Nebraska Statewide Arboretum in 1996. It now contains over 100 species, including European beech, sweetgum, blackgum, willow oak, fringe tree, Balkan pine, and Japanese kerria.
The arboretum honors former Governor Robert W. Furnas, a Brownville native who became Nebraska's second governor in 1872. Together with Julius Sterling Morton, he promoted the planting of trees across Nebraska, and in 1874 signed a proclamation declaring the first Arbor Day.
# HD 18438

HD 18438 is a red giant star in the deep northern constellation of Cepheus, located about 730 light-years (220 parsecs) from Earth. With an apparent magnitude of 5.49, it is visible by the naked eye under dark skies as a red-hued dot of light about 10 degrees away from the celestial north pole. It is part of a wide binary system with an F-type subgiant star. In 2023, HD 18438 was discovered to be orbited by a 21 M$_J$ substellar object, potentially making it the largest host star to an exoplanet ever found as of September 2024.

## Stellar characteristics

HD 18438 is a red giant on the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) that has already gone through the helium shell flash, with a spectral type of M2.5 III. Thus, it has evolved past the main sequence after using up its core hydrogen. It has 1.84 times the mass of the Sun but 88.48 times its girth and, at an effective temperature of 3,860 K (3,590 °C; 6,490 °F) it radiates 929 times Sun's luminosity from its photosphere. The star is aged 5.5±2.4 billion years, making it likely older than the Solar System. It has a low metallicity of −0.4±0.1 dex, which translates to an iron abundance 32–50% that of the Sun.
It is the largest host star to a confirmed exoplanet included in the NASA Exoplanet Archive as of September 2024. However, some definitions may classify the planet as a brown dwarf instead due to its high mass.
Much like many AGB stars, HD 18438 is suspected to be a variable star, its apparent magnitude fluctuating between 5.43 and 5.49.

## Binary system

The star has been noted to be part of a double star since at least 1932, receiving the designation ADS 2294 in the Aitken Double Star Catalogue, with a 9th-magnitude F7IV star later designated TYC 4516-2148-1. Due to its similarities to HD 18438 in distance and proper motion, this star is thought to be a physical binary companion to HD 18438. Located at a wide separation of 1,100 AU from the primary star, TYC 4516-2148-1 is slightly more massive than the Sun, but is 2.5 times larger and 7.5 times as luminous. The star is similar to HD 18438 in that it is somewhat more massive than the Sun and is past the main-sequence stage, but its relationship with HD 18438 is poorly understood.

## Substellar companion

In 2023, a team of South Korean astronomers reported the discovery of a substellar object, named HD 18438 b, which could either be described as a massive gas giant exoplanet or a low-mass brown dwarf. It is about 8% larger than the planet Jupiter and at least 21 times as massive, which places it above the deuterium burning limit (~13 M$_J$). It revolves around the star in a roughly circular (eccentricity 0.1) orbit with a semi-major axis of 2.1 AU (310,000,000 km) once every 803 days (2.20 years).
The HD 18438 planetary system :
| Companion (in order from star) | Mass | Semimajor axis (AU) | Orbital period (days) | Eccentricity | Inclination | Radius |
| b | ≥21 ± 1 M$_J$ | 2.1 ± 0.1 | 803 ± 5 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | — | ~1.08 R$_J$ |
# Julian Alps

The Julian Alps (Slovene: Julijske Alpe, Italian: Alpi Giulie, Venetian: Alpe Jułie, Friulian: Alps Juliis, German: Julische Alpen) are a mountain range of the Southern Limestone Alps that stretches from northeastern Italy to Slovenia, where they rise to 2,864 m at Mount Triglav, the highest peak in Slovenia. A large part of the Julian Alps is included in Triglav National Park. The second highest peak of the range, the 2,755 m high Jôf di Montasio, lies in Italy.
The Julian Alps cover an estimated 4,400 km$^2$ (of which 1,542 km$^2$ lies in Italy). They are located between the Sava Valley and Canale Valley. They are divided into the Eastern and Western Julian Alps.

## Name

The Julian Alps were known in antiquity as Alpes Iuliae, and also attested as Alpes Julianae c. AD 670, Alpis Julia c. 734, and Alpes Iulias in 1090. Like the municipium of Forum Julii (now Cividale del Friuli) at the foot of the mountains, the range was named after Julius Caesar of the gens Julia, perhaps due to a road built by Julius Caesar and completed by Augustus.

## Eastern Julian Alps

There are many peaks in the Eastern Julian Alps over 2,000 m high, and they are mainly parts of ridges. The most prominent peaks are visible by their height and size. There are high plateaus on the eastern border, such as Pokljuka, Mežakla, and Jelovica.
The main peaks by height are the following:
* Triglav 2,864 m (9,396 ft) – the highest mountain and on the coat of arms of Slovenia
* Škrlatica 2,740 m (8,990 ft)
* Mangart 2,679 m (8,789 ft)
* Jalovec 2,645 m (8,678 ft)
* Razor 2,601 m (8,533 ft)
* Kanjavec 2,568 m (8,425 ft)
* Prisojnik 2,546 m (8,353 ft)
* Rjavina 2,532 m (8,307 ft)
* Prestreljenik 2,499 m (8,199 ft)
* Špik 2,472 m (8,110 ft)
* Tosc 2,275 m (7,464 ft)
* Krn 2,244 m (7,362 ft)

## Western Julian Alps

The Western Julian Alps cover a much smaller area, and are located mainly in Italy. Only the Kanin group lies in part in Slovenia. The main peaks by height are:
* Jôf di Montasio (2,755 m or 9,039 ft)
* Jôf Fuart (2,666 m or 8,747 ft)
* High Mount Kanin (2,582 m or 8,471 ft)
* Jôf di Miezegnot (2,087 m or 6,847 ft)

## Passes

Important passes of the Julian Alps are:
* The Vršič Pass, 1,611 m (5,826 feet), links the Sava and Soča valleys. It is the highest mountain road pass in Slovenia.
* The Predil Pass (links Villach via Tarvisio and Bovec to Gorizia), paved road 1,156 m (3,792 feet)
* The Pontebba Pass (links Villach via Tarvisio and Pontebba to Udine), railway, paved road, 797 m (2,615 feet)
# Jastrebac

Jastrebac (Serbian Cyrillic: Јастребац) is a mountain in central Serbia, between cities of Niš, Kruševac and Prokuplje. It consists of two massifs, Great (Veliki) and Small (Mali) Jastrebac. Its highest peak Velika Đulica has an elevation of 1,491 meters above sea level. It is well-forested and presents a popular hiking and mountaineering destination.
Jastrebac is bounded by the rivers of West Morava on the west, Toplica on the south and Rasina on the east. Despite the relatively low height, it is prominent because of the surrounding valleys. It is on the boundary of Dinaric, Balkan and Rhodopes mountain ranges, but cannot be clearly classified into either. The mountain is close to other mountain peaks such as Leskovik (4.4 miles away), and Šiljak Rtanj (6.5 miles away).
# Arboretum Burgholz

The Arboretum Burgholz (about 250 hectares) is an arboretum maintained by the Landesbetrieb Wald und Holz Nordrhein Westfalen. It is located in the Staatsforst Burgholz at Friedensstraße 69, Wuppertal, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, and is open daily without charge.
The arboretum was begun before 1900 to test the suitability of exotic tree species for forestry, and became an arboretum in large part through the efforts of forester Heinrich Hogrebe (1913–1998). It now contains over 130 deciduous and coniferous tree species arranged in North American, Asian, and Mediterranean plantings, with four marked hiking trails.
# Burnings of Kali Sykia

The Burnings of Kali Sykia (Greek: Πυρπολήσεις της Καλής Συκιάς) is one of many atrocities perpetrated in Greece by Fritz Schubert and his people during the Nazi occupation of Greece in World War II. On October 6, 1943, 13 individuals were killed by being burned alive in the mountainous village of Kali Sykia (Καλή Συκιά), in Rethymno, Crete.

## Background

Crete had fallen to the Germans after a fierce, ten-day battle in May 1941. Soon after, resistance groups were formed by the Cretans and began to harass the German forces till the end of the war. In response to the resistance activities, the Germans formed the Jagdkommando Schubert, a paramilitary force led by Sdf. Fritz Schubert, whose aim was to terrorize the civilian population.
In late 1943, after the destruction of the Viannos villages, the partisan group of Manolis Bandouvas fled westwards, being chased by the Germans. In October 1943, Bandouvas and his people were hiding at Mt. Tsilivdikas (Greek: Τσιλίβδικας). They were supplied provisions by the residents of the village of Kali Sykia which is located nearby. On October 4, 1943 Bandouvas and his group clashed with and eliminated a German detachment near their hideout.

## The burnings

Soon after the discovery of the dead Germans, Schubert and his people were sent to the region upon an order for punitive operations by Bruno Bräuer. On October 6, 1943, they surrounded Kali Sykia and gathered everyone they could find for questioning. Only women and children were still at the village, as the men had fled to the mountains for fear of reprisals. A few houses were set ablaze and the women were beaten and threatened with death. Despite these threats, none of the women gave any information about the whereabouts of the village men. In response to that, the Schuberai dragged several women into a few houses, locked them in and set the houses on fire, burning the women alive.

## Aftermath

The murders, while by no means the most numerous carried out by occupation forces in Crete, were unique in that they almost exclusively targeted women. Twelve women were burned in total, eight from the village of Kali Sykia and four from the nearby Rodakino. One of these women was eight months pregnant. Furthermore, an elderly man who could not leave his house was also burned in it. Schubert and his group moved further west and two days later took part in the execution of around 30 civilians in Kallikratis.
The only person to be brought to trial for the killings of Kali Sykia was Schubert, who was executed in Thessaloniki on October 22, 1947.
In 2017, Kali Sykia was declared a martyred village (Π.Δ. 49, 1/6/2017).
# Osijek prison massacre

Osijek prison massacre was a massacre which was committed by the members of OZNA. Shortly after Second World War finished, 25 October 1945, they killed 48 Croatian war prisoners by throwing bombs and shooting them with firearms.
Prisoners were situated in Osijek prison without water and food in unhygienic conditions. When they referred to the Geneva Convention, members of OZNA came and killed them all.
Seventy-one years after the crime, Dragan Vulin, deputy of Osijek-Baranja county, Croatian defenders, domobrans and members of Croatian Army, revealed a memorial plaque on 25 October 2016 in remembrance of this crime.
Croatian president Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović send a letter in which she stressed importance of discovering mass partisan and Yugoslav crimes against Croats and other people.
# October 1946 French constitutional referendum

A constitutional referendum was held in France on 13 October 1946. Voters were asked whether they approved of a new constitution proposed by the Constituent Assembly elected in June. Unlike the May referendum, which saw a previous constitutional proposal rejected, the new Constitution of 27 October 1946 was accepted by 53% of voters, and brought the Fourth Republic into existence. Voter turnout was 68%.

## Results

| Choice | Choice | Votes | % |
| For | For | 9,297,470 | 53.24 |
| Against | Against | 8,165,459 | 46.76 |
| Total | Total | 17,462,929 | 100.00 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 17,462,929 | 98.15 |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 329,079 | 1.85 |
| Total votes | Total votes | 17,792,008 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 26,311,643 | 67.62 |
| Source: Nohlen & Stöver ||||