OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Woomera (spear-thrower)

A woomera is an Australian Aboriginal wooden spear-throwing device. Similar to an atlatl, it serves as an extension of the human arm, enabling a spear to travel at a greater speed and force than possible with only the arm.

## Name

The word "woomera" comes from the Dharug language of the Eora people of the Sydney basin. The name was adopted for the town of Woomera, South Australia, founded in 1947 as the home of the Anglo-Australian Long Range Weapons Establishment, also known as the "Woomera Rocket Range" and now called RAAF Woomera Range Complex.

## Description

The woomera is between 61 and 91 cm (24 and 36 in) in length. It is a left handed tool. Like many Australian Aboriginal tools, there is much diversity in design. Some versions have one end that is 7.6 cm (3.0 in) wide and possessing a hollow, curved cross-section not unlike an airfoil, while the other is more pointed and has a hook. Other versions used in northern Australia are less than 2.5 cm (0.98 in) wide, made of flat wood, with a wooden point angled back along the flat length of the woomera, fixed with Spinifex wax. Some woomera were traditionally decorated with incised or painted designs that indicated belonging to a particular linguistic group that it may be returned to if found abandoned.

## Use

Records show that the implement began to be used about 5,000 years ago, although the Mungo Man remains from at least 43,000 years ago show severe osteoarthritis in the left elbow associated with the use of a woomera. It is still used today in some remote areas of Australia. Like spears and boomerangs, woomeras were traditionally used only by men. Some woomeras, especially those used in the central and western Australian deserts, were multi-purpose tools. Often shaped like long narrow bowls, they could be used for carrying water-soaked vegetable matter (which would not spill and could later be sucked for its moisture) as well as small food items such as little birds or seeds. Many woomeras had a sharp stone cutting edge called a tula adze attached to the end of the handle with black gum from the triodia plant. This sharp tool had many uses, such as cutting up game or other food and wood. It is supposed that the woomera could be used as a shield for protection against spears and boomerangs. The woomera is held in one hand while the other hand places the butt of the spear on the woomera's hook; the hollow curved shape facilitates this alignment without looking. The woomera effectively lengthens the thrower's arm, greatly increasing the velocity of the spear. Correcting for the game animal's lateral dodging is accomplished by tilting the wing-shape woomera during the throw for last-second corrections. The kinetic energy of a spear launched from a woomera has been calculated as four times that of an arrow launched from a compound bow.
Different Aboriginal groups had different shapes and styles of woomera. For example, the woomera of the central desert tend to be very wide and slightly bowl-shaped whereas those of the Kimberley are flat long and narrow.
# Mike Brennan (American football)

Michael Sean Brennan (born March 22, 1967) is an American former professional football tackle who played with the Cincinnati Bengals in 1990 and 1991. He was selected by the Bengals in the fourth round of the 1990 NFL draft.
Pre-draft measurables :
| Height | Weight | Arm length | Hand span | 40-yard dash | 10-yard split | 20-yard split | 20-yard shuttle | Vertical jump | Broad jump | Bench press |
| 6 ft 4+7⁄8 in (1.95 m) | 267 lb (121 kg) | 32 in (0.81 m) | 10+3⁄4 in (0.27 m) | 5.27 s | 1.91 s | 3.02 s | 4.44 s | 24.5 in (0.62 m) | 8 ft 3 in (2.51 m) | 12 reps |
| All values from NFL Combine |||||||||||
# August 1915 Portuguese presidential election

Presidential elections were held in Portugal on 6 August 1915. Following Portugal's 1911 constitution, the Congress of the Republic must elect the president in Lisbon instead of the Portuguese people.
There were a total of seven candidates. One of the Democratic Party candidates, Bernardino Machado won against his opponents and he was elected as the new President of Portugal.

## Results

| Candidate | Candidate | Party | First round | First round | Second round | Second round | Third round | Third round |
| Candidate | Candidate | Party | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % |
| | Bernardino Machado | Democratic | 71 | 37.57 | 75 | 40.54 | 134 | 74.86 |
| | António Xavier Correia Barreto [pt] | Democratic | 44 | 23.28 | 45 | 24.32 | 18 | 10.06 |
| | Guerra Junqueiro | Evolutionist | 33 | 17.46 | 30 | 16.22 | | |
| | Duarte Leite | Republican Union | 20 | 10.58 | 19 | 10.27 | | |
| | Augusto Alves da Veiga [pt] | Democratic | 4 | 2.12 | 4 | 2.16 | | |
| | Joaquim Pedro de Oliveira Martins | Independent | 1 | 0.53 | | | | |
| | José Ernesto de Sousa Caldas | Independent | 1 | 0.53 | | | | |
| Blank votes | Blank votes | Blank votes | 15 | 7.94 | 12 | 6.49 | 27 | 15.08 |
| Total | Total | Total | 189 | 100.00 | 185 | 100.00 | 179 | 100.00 |
| Source: Archontology |||||||||
# 1916 Bodmin by-election

The 1916 Bodmin by-election was held on 15 August 1916. The by-election was held due to the resignation of the incumbent Liberal Unionist MP, Sir Reginald Pole-Carew. It was won by the Conservative candidate Charles Hanson who was unopposed due to a War-time electoral pact.
# Stanisław Kozera

Stanisław Kozera (born 27 January 1943 in Trzebnica) is a retired Polish Olympic coxswain.
# 1923 Portuguese presidential election

Presidential elections were held in Portugal on 6 August 1923. The Congress of the Republic elected the president in Lisbon instead of the Portuguese people. However the new president Manuel Teixeira Gomes was elected In absentia, meaning that he wasn't present during the election.
There were a total of five candidates. Manuel Teixeira Gomes won the election against his opponents and became the next President of the Republic.

## Results

| Candidate | Candidate | Party | First round | First round | Second round | Second round | Third round | Third round |
| Candidate | Candidate | Party | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % |
| | Manuel Teixeira Gomes | Democratic Party | 108 | 57.75 | 117 | 58.50 | 121 | 62.37 |
| | Bernardino Machado | Nationalist Republican Party | 73 | 39.04 | 71 | 35.50 | 5 | 2.58 |
| | Duarte Leite | Republican Liberal Party | 3 | 1.60 | 1 | 0.50 | | |
| | Augusto Vieira Soares | Democratic Party | 1 | 0.53 | 2 | 1.00 | | |
| | Sebastião de Magalhães Lima [pt] | Democratic Party | 1 | 0.53 | | | | |
| Blank votes | Blank votes | Blank votes | 1 | 0.53 | 9 | 4.50 | 68 | 35.05 |
| Total | Total | Total | 187 | 100.00 | 200 | 100.00 | 194 | 100.00 |
| Source: CPHRC |||||||||
# Battle of Monte Pelado

The Battle of Monte Pelado ("Bald Mountain") was an engagement of the Spanish Civil War fought on 28 August 1936. It was notable as the first major engagement of the Italian Republican volunteers of the Matteotti Battalion.
Monte Pelado, in Aragon, between Huesca and Almudévar, was the site of a Francoist gun emplacement and a concentration of around five hundred Nationalist troops. In bitter fighting from five until nine in the morning, Italians and the Spanish anarchists of the Francisco Ascaso column seized the Nationalist position while suffering heavy losses.
Amongst those Italian volunteers killed were republican Mario Angeloni, commander of the Column, the anarchist Michele Centrone, the "giellista" Giuseppe Zuddas, the anarchist Fosco Falaschi, the Communist Attilio Papparotto and the anarchist Vincenzo Perrone.
Among those Italians who survived were socialist Carlo Rosselli, anarchists Camillo Berneri, Maria Zazzi, and Leonida Mastrodicasa.
# Marek Dopierała

Marek Franciszek Dopierała (born 30 July 1960 in Bielsko-Biała) is a Polish sprint canoeist who competed during the 1980s. Competing in two Summer Olympics, he won two medals with Marek Łbik at Seoul in 1988 with a silver in the C-2 500 m event and a bronze in the C-2 1000 m event.
Dopierała also won six medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with two golds (C-2 500 m: 1987, C-2 10000 m: 1986), three silvers (C-2 500 m: 1985, C-2 1000 m: 1986, 1987), and one bronze (C-2 1000 m: 1985).
# Shah Maroof Khushabi

Makhdoom Shah Maroof Khushabi was a sufi, saint and preacher of Islamic of Qadiriyya Silsila. He was the successor of Shah Mubarak Haqani (From Uch Sharif). He was a member of the Chishti Order (due to his father Shiekh Adam) and the Qadiriyya order (due to his spiritual leader Shah Mubarak Haqani).

## Early education and childhood

Shah Maroof Khushabi was born in Pakpattan. His father's name was Shiekh Adam. He got his early education from his father Sheikh Adam.

## Parents and family background

His family lineage goes to Fariduddin Ganjshakar, Ibrahim ibn Adham and Ameer ul Momineen Umar e Farooq.

## Allegiance to Shah Mubarak And Silsila e Qadriyya

In 908 Hijri, Shah Mubarak Haqani came to the forest near Khushab. People heard that a friend of Allah has come to the jungle but they did not dare to go there. Shah Maroof also listened and went to his place. Shah Mubarak was in meditation when Shah Maroof arrived. Shah Mubarak warned him not to come but he approached nevertheless. He became unconscious when he came near to him. After 3 days he regained consciousness again. Shah Mubrakak was impressed by him. So he made him his successor, linking him to Silsila e Qadiria.

## Spiritual lineage

He got his spiritual teachings from Shah Mubarak Haqani.
He belonged to Silsila e Qadriyya as below:
* Muhammad
* Ali
* Hasan al-Basri
* Habib al-Ajami
* Dawud Tai
* Maruf Karkhi
* Sirri Saqti
* Junayd of Baghdad
* Abu Bakr Shibli
* Abdul Aziz bin Hars bin Asad Yemeni Tamimi
* Abu Al Fazal Abdul Wahid Yemeni Tamimi
* Mohammad Yousuf Abu al-Farah Tartusi
* Abul Hasan Hankari
* Abu Saeed Mubarak Makhzoomi
* Abdul Qadir Gilani
* Syed Abdul Wahab Gilani
* Syed Abdul Salam Gilani
* Syed Ahmad Gilani
* Syed Masood Gilani
* Syed Ali Gilani
* Syed Shah Meer Gilani
* Shams Uddin Gilani
* Shah Muhamamd Ghoas Gilani
* Syed Mubarik Haqani
* Shah Maroof Khushabi

## Successors

His successor in Silsila e Qadiriyya and "Sajaada e Nasheen" was Sakhi Shah Suleman Noori Hazoori from Purana Bhalwal.
The following are his successors:
* Shah Sulaimān Nūri Bhalwali
* Sheikh Abdullah Qureshi
* Syed Abdul Lateef
* Shah Muhammad Sherazi Shahpuri
* Sheikh Mehr Ali Ranjha

## Teachings and blessings

He travelled many places on the verdict of his "Murshid" and blessed everyone he met. He always remained in remembrance of Allah. At each place, the people gathered around him. He did not wanted to show himself but "it is impossible to hide a sun" so people always found him. It is said that many patients became fit on his one eyesight. Many non-Muslims became Muslim on his hand. He brought the message of Allah to Khushab

## Death

Shah Maroof Qadri Chisti Khushabi died on 10th Muharram 1579 in the era of Mughal king Jalal-uddin Mohammad Akbar. His feast is held every year on 9th and 10th Muharram.

## Shrine

His shrine is situated in Khushab Sharif. It has a mosque with it.
# K04QR-D

K04QR-D (channel 38) is a low-power television station licensed to Esparto, California, United States, airing classic movies and paid programming from Magnificent Movies Network. The station is owned by Innovate Corp.; K04QR-D's transmitter is located on Crescent Ridge in El Dorado Hills, California.

## History

In June 2013, K04QR-D was slated to be sold to Landover 5 LLC as part of a larger deal involving 51 other low-power television stations; the sale fell through in June 2016. Mako Communications sold its stations, including K04QR-D, to HC2 Holdings (now Innovate Corp.) in 2017.

## Technical information
### Subchannels

The station's signal is multiplexed:
Subchannels of K04QR-D :
| Channel | Res. | Aspect | Short name | Programming |
| 38.1 | 480i | 4:3 | K04QR-D | Magnificent Movies Network |
| 38.2 | 480i | 4:3 | K04QR-D | Timeless TV |
| 38.3 | 480i | 16:9 | K04QR-D | 365BLK |
| 38.4 | 480i | 16:9 | K04QR-D | Outlaw |
| 38.5 | 480i | 16:9 | K04QR-D | Law&Crime |
| 38.6 | 480i | 4:3 | K04QR-D | Timeless TV |
| 38.7 | 480i | 4:3 | K04QR-D | Magnificent Movies Network |

### Analog-to-digital conversion

In 2008, the station flash-cut to digital. This was made before the transition to DTV was required by the FCC.
# St. Paul Union Pacific Rail Bridge

St. Paul Union Pacific Rail Bridge, also known as the Hoffman Swing Bridge, is a swing bridge that spans the Mississippi River between South Saint Paul, Minnesota and Saint Paul, Minnesota in the United States. It was built in 1910 by the St. Paul Bridge and Terminal Railway, and was rebuilt in 1925, after a flood in 1951, and again in 1982.

## History

The St. Paul Bridge and Terminal Railway was formed by the St. Paul Union Stockyard Company, which was controlled by Swift and Company, the meat-packing industry. The purpose of the railway was to switch freight from St. Paul into the stockyards in South St. Paul. The railway was leased to the Chicago Great Western Railway. The CGW was merged into the Chicago and North Western Railway system, along with the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad. The Rock Island "Spine Line" and CGW line to Oelwein and Kansas City ran in parallel in South St. Paul. The Union Pacific Railroad purchased the assets of the C&NW.

## Present day usage

The current Union Pacific Railroad Albert Lea Subdivision from Des Moines, the former Rock Island "Spine Line", enters the Twin Cities area and terminates in a yard in South Saint Paul. From this area, traffic to downtown St. Paul takes two routes: one across this bridge, with yards on the east side of the river south of Dayton's Bluff; and the other route using the St. Paul Union Pacific Vertical-lift Rail Bridge into downtown St. Paul.

## Incidents

On October 26, 2017, a towboat struck a stationary bridge pier. The towboat was the "Cooperative Venture," owned by American River Transportation Company. It was moving several barges with dry goods but nothing was spilled. Repairs begin shortly afterward. Traffic was routed to the St. Paul Union Pacific Vertical-lift Rail Bridge and other locations.
On August 8, 2018, a train carrying oil across the bridge derailed, puncturing an oil tanker car and spilling 3,200 gallons of oil into the Mississippi River.
# Christ Lutheran Church Kattukadai

Christ Lutheran Church Kattukadai is a church in Kattukadai, functioning under the Indian Evangelical Lutheran Church (IELC). It is one of the oldest and most famous churches in the town. Historically, it received financial support from foreign missionaries and local landlords. Nearest Landmarks are Midalakadu within 1 km Distance, from Karungal 2 km.

## Sunday Services

Every Sunday mass services starts from 8am to 10am. Usually services will be conducted in Tamil. Followed by the service Sunday class sessions will be conducted by promoter & Teachers (except first Sunday). Every month first Sunday will be the Communion (sacrament) Sunday.

## Youth Prayer Club

This prayer club is Organized by Christ Lutheran Church Kattukadai youth members there will be the Head, Treasurer and Organizers, every second Sunday meeting to be held in church campus.they are doing some of the activities in within the church and outside of the church such as Help the helpless, keep the church clean and tidy, conducting outdoor prayer meetings etc.
# Christ'l Joris

Christ'l Joris (born Antwerp, Belgium, 17 July 1954) is a Belgian businesswoman. She is the President of the Board of ETAP Lighting, president of Agoria Flanders and of Flanders Investment and Trade. Christ'l Joris is a daughter of Norbert Joris, founder of the ETAP group of companies.
Christ'l Joris obtained a master's degree in psychology and a PhD in social and cultural anthropology at the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (Leuven).
She started her career in Academia and the non-profit sector in mental healthcare. She also worked for the King Baudouin Foundation on programs for environmental care and economics. In 1994 she joined ETAP Lighting, and in 2005 she became president of Flanders Investment and Trade (FIT). She is president of Rode Kruis-Vlaanderen.
# Yatabaré

Yatabaré is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Mustapha Yatabaré (born 1986), Malian footballer
* Sambou Yatabaré (born 1989), Malian footballer, brother of Mustapha
# Furnace Run (Catawissa Creek tributary)

Furnace Run is a tributary of Catawissa Creek in Columbia County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately 2.5 miles (4.0 km) long and flows through Catawissa Township and Main Township. The stream is the last named tributary to enter Catawissa Creek before its mouth. The stream's watershed has an area of 2.82 square miles (7.3 km$^2$). The main rock formations are the Pottsville Group and the Mauch Chunk Formation. The stream itself is considered to be a high quality coldwater fishery and Class A Wild Trout Waters.

## Course

Furnace Run begins on Catawissa Mountain in eastern Catawissa Township. It flows northeast in a valley and enters Main Township after approximately a thousand feet. After continuing northeast for a few tenths of a mile, it turns east-southeast. A short distance downstream, it receives an unnamed tributary and turns east-northeast and crosses a road. More than a mile further downstream, the stream reaches its confluence with Catawissa Creek.
Furnace Run joins Catawissa Creek 7.37 miles (11.86 km) upstream of its mouth.

### Tributaries

Furnace Run has one unnamed tributary. It is known as "Trib 27545 to Furnace Run".

## Geography, geology, and hydrology

The elevation near the mouth of Furnace Run is 551 feet (168 m) above sea level. The elevation of the stream at its source is between 1,440 feet (440 m) and 1,460 feet (450 m) above sea level.
The main rock formation in the watershed of Furnace Run is the Pocono Formation. However, the Mauch Chunk Formation is found in the watershed's lower reaches. The main soils in the watershed are the Hazleton soil and the Leck Kill soil.
The total concentration of alkalinity in the watershed of Furnace Run is 2 milligrams per liter.

## Watershed

The watershed of Furnace Run has an area of 2.82 square miles (7.3 km$^2$). The upper reaches of the watershed are in the Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 58. The watershed of the stream is mostly in southwestern Main Township, but a portion of it is in southeastern Catawissa Township.

## History

A furnace known as the Catawissa Furnace was constructed on Furnace Run near Mainville in 1815 by John Hauck.
Furnace Run was named in the middle of the 1800s after an iron furnace that was located in its vicinity. A nineteenth-century school district or geographical district known as the Furnace District was located in Cleveland Township. It was named after Furnace Run.

## Biology

The Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection classifies Furnace Run as a high-quality coldwater fishery. The stream is considered by the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission to be Class A Wild Trout Waters from its headwaters to its mouth.
Brook trout inhabit Furnace Run and reproduce naturally there.
# 1997 San Marino referendum

A referendum was held in San Marino on 26 October 1997. Voters were asked whether they approved of a proposal that any corporation buying, administering or selling land and property would have to be a public company. It was approved by 88.1% of voters.

## Results

   Do you want that corporations with the purpose of acquiring, administering or selling real estate have to exercise their economic activities in the form of a public company?
| Choice | Votes | % |
| For | 11,877 | 88.1 |
| Against | 1,607 | 11.9 |
| Invalid/blank votes | 412 | – |
| Total | 13,896 | 100 |
| Registered voters/turnout | 29,932 | 46.4 |
| Source: Nohlen & Stöver |||
# Lowes Bridge

Lowes Bridge is a covered bridge in a rural part of Guilford, Maine. Built in 1857, this bridge was washed away by the flood of April 1, 1987. A modern covered bridge, patterned after the original, was built on the original abutments in 1990. The replacement was built to have a larger load-capacity and was raised in order to prevent damage from future flooding.
The bridge, located just off Route 15 south of Guilford Village, has a clear span of 120 feet over the Piscataquis River.
# Umberto Bonadè

Umberto Bonadè (2 January 1909 – 2 November 1992) was an Italian rower who competed in the 1928 Summer Olympics. In 1928 he was part of the Italian boat, which won the bronze medal in the coxless four event. He was born in Piacenza.
# Michael Silbermann

Michael Silbermann (Hebrew: מיכאל זילברמן) is an Israeli maxillofacial surgeon and health educator. He is currently the executive director of the Middle East Cancer Consortium.

## Background

Silbermann was born on January 19, 1935, in the old quarters of the Arab city of Acre then part of Mandatory Palestine under British administration. His parents, Herbert and Marga-Miriam emigrated from their native Germany to Palestine in 1934.

## Career

Following his military service, Silbermann moved to Jerusalem to study dental medicine at the Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine.
Following his studies in Jerusalem (1967), he moved to Boston (MA, United States) for specialty training in maxillo-facial surgery at Boston City Hospital under Philip Maloney and Chris Doku. After completing his Ph.D. at Tufts University (under Jack Fromer and Larry Cavazos), he joined a new medical school at the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology (Haifa).
After serving for 20 years as chair of the Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology in the Technion's Ruth & Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, and 10 years as director of the Laboratory for Musculoskeletal Research, he was elected dean of the Technion's Faculty of Medicine. Upon completing his tenure as dean, he was appointed Chief Scientist of the Israel Ministry of Health in Jerusalem, starting January 1993.
In 2015, Silbermann received the Honorary Member Award of the Oncology Nursing Society for his contributions to oncologic nursing.

## Middle East Cancer Consortium

Silbermann is the executive director of the Middle East Cancer Consortium (MECC) since 1996.

## Selected publications

* Silbermann, M; Slavkin, H, eds. (1982). Current Advances in Skeletogenesis. Amsterdam-Oxford-Princeton: Excerpta Medica.
* Bernes, DS; Abramsky, O; Silbermann, M, eds. (1996). Director of Medical Research in Israel. Institutions and Scientists. Jerusalem, Israel: Ministry of Health (Israel) and Laster Pages.
* Silbermann, M, ed. (2004). Palliative Care to the Cancer Patient. The Middle East as a Model for Emerging Countries. New York, NY: Nova Publishers.
# Ali Al-Dhanhani

Ali Al-Dhanhani (Arabic:علي الظنحاني; born 1 June 1991) is an Emirati footballer. He currently plays as a right back for Dibba Al-Hisn.