OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Apateodus

Apateodus (meaning "confusing tooth") is a genus of prehistoric marine ray-finned fish which was described by Woodward in 1901. It was a relative of modern lizardfish and lancetfish in the order Aulopiformes, and one of a number of prominent nektonic aulopiforms of Cretaceous marine ecosystems.
The genus spans from the Albian to the late Maastrichtian, and appears to have been distributed worldwide; specimens have been found in Russia, India, the United States (Colorado, South Dakota, Iowa, Kansas), Canada, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands.

## Taxonomy

Apateodus has generally been placed in the suborder Enchodontoidei alongside most other Cretaceous nektonic aulopiforms, although its affinities have long been uncertain. However, since the 2000s, it has generally been placed in the family Ichthyotringidae. However, some authors have still placed it as an indeterminate enchodontoid, ichthyotringoid, alepisauroid, or even elsewhere in the Aulopiformes as the sister to the barracudinas, the latter two of which have been contradicted by anatomical studies.
The following species are known:
* †?A. assisi Schwarzans, Huddlestone & Takeuchi, 2018 - Santonian of Alabama, USA (Eutaw Formation) [otolith]
* †A. busseni Franz & Shimada, 2009 - Coniacian of Kansas, USA (Smoky Hill Chalk)
* †A. corneti (Forir, 1887) - Maastrichtian of the Netherlands (Maastricht Formation)
* †A. crenellatus Schwarzans & Stringer, 2020 - Maastrichtian of Mississippi, USA [otolith] (Owl Creek Formation)
* †A. glyphodus (Blake, 1863) (type species) - Albian of the United Kingdom (Folkestone Formation)
* †A. lanceolatus Woodward, 1901 - Cenomanian of the United Kingdom (English Chalk)
* †A. striatus Woodward, 1901 - Cenomanian of the United Kingdom (English Chalk), Cenomanian-Turonian of Germany (Hesseltal Formation), Maastrichtian of India (Intertrappean Beds)
Indeterminate remains are known from the Turonian of Canada (Kaskapau Formation of Alberta), the Albian of Russia (Belgorod), and the Cenomanian to Santonian of the United States (Greenhorn Limestone of Colorado & Iowa, Carlile Shale of Kansas, and the Niobrara Formation of South Dakota). A potential undescribed genus closely allied to Apateodus was identified in 2020 from fossils from Kansas.

## Description

Known by well preserved skull remains, Apateodus is estimated to be around 1 meter (3.3 ft) in length, and would have been an effective mesopredator.
# James McGhee

James McGhee (2 April 1862 – 30 July 1941) was a Scottish footballer who played for Hibernian and Celtic, and later became a manager with Hibernian's city rivals Heart of Midlothian.

## Playing career

McGhee began his career in his native Ayrshire with Cronberry in 1878 and then Lugar Boswell two years later before moving to Edinburgh side Hibernian in 1883. Hibernian had been founded for the benefit of Edinburgh's immigrant Irish Catholic population but the club quickly became a beacon for the Irish-Catholic minority throughout Scotland. They were able to attract players from Irish communities across the country and with this abundant supply of talent they rapidly became one of the dominant sides in Scotland. McGhee was one such player and, as a free-scoring inside forward, he developed into a key part of the side. He is still Hibs record goalscorer against Hearts with at least 24 goals. He scored a remarkable 5 goals in the first 25 minutes in the Rosebery Charity Cup final of 1887, Hibs winning 7–1.
In 1887, McGhee captained Hibs to victory in the Scottish Cup, the first time a side from the east of Scotland had won the tournament. A year earlier, alongside teammate, James Lundie, he had become the first Hibs player to be capped by the Scottish national side. Hibs suffered a rapid decline when the foundation of Celtic in 1888 usurped their position as the standard-bearers of the Irish community. After a brief period with St Bernard's, McGhee followed the example of many of his former Hibs team-mates by moving to Celtic. He later ended his playing career with short spells with Dykebar and Abercorn.

## Hearts manager

In 1908, McGhee was hired as manager of Hibernian's city rivals Hearts, the third person to hold the role at the Tynecastle club. His appointment was not popular with the Hearts' support because he had been a prolific scorer against their side in his playing days with Hibs. He had also been at the centre of an incident that resulted in crowd disturbance in a Rosebery Cup match between the sides in 1886, when his tackle broke the leg of Hearts opponent Peter Bell. McGhee left Hearts in December 1909 after he had suspended the club's star player Bobby Walker due to a breach in team discipline (missing a game). When Walker was reinstated by the board, McGhee and his assistant David Smart resigned.

## Later life

McGhee emigrated to the United States of America in 1910, where he settled in Philadelphia, sending for his family two years later. His son's Bart and Jimmy would both football in the United States. Bart would play for the United States as an outside left, earning selection in their squad for the 1930 World Cup and scoring their first goal at the finals. Jimmy would have a short-lived career with the Philadelphia Field Club.
McGhee died on 30 July 1941 in Philadelphia, PA. He is buried at Holy Sepulchre Cemetery with his wife, Ellen.
# Bjørn Frøysåk

Bjørn Tolleivson Frøysåk (1634 – 1709) was a Norwegian farmer and merchant.
Frøysåk was born at Gol in Buskerud, Norway. He was born into one of the major farming families in Hallingdal. His father, Tolleiv Arneson Frøysåk (1605-1677), had owned several properties. Frøysåk worked as a farmer all his life. In addition to farming, Frøysåk took part in timber trade and trading of real estate, and ran a coaching inn.
Frøysåk was married twice. With Ingebjørg Hersgård (died 1680), he had seven children. With Guri Tolleivsgard (1659-1733), he had eight children. Frøysåk is particularly known for a painted epitaph from 1699, showing Frøysåk with his family (both his wives including the deceased Ingebjørg and children). The epitaph, originally in Gol Stave Church, was relocated to the Norwegian Museum of Cultural History in 1906.
# James Smith (footballer, born 1844)

James Smith (summer 1844 – 20 September 1876) was a Scottish footballer who played for Scotland against England in the first official international match in 1872. He was a member of the Queen's Park and South Norwood clubs and was prominent in the early history of Queen's Park.

## Early life

Smith was born in Aberdeen in the summer of 1844, the son of Robert Smith and Barbara Abercrombie. His father was the gardener to the Earl of Fife, who was then based at Mar Lodge on Royal Deeside. His father was later the head gardener on the Duke's estate at Innes House, near Elgin. James Smith then attended Fordyce Academy.

## Football career

Smith was one of the founder members of the Queen's Park club, based in Glasgow.
In his "Scottish Football Reminiscences and Sketches" written in 1890, David Bone describes Smith thus:
   The least known, perhaps, of the original international men, but one whose name will ever be honoured by many of the older school of players, and local Queen's Park members, is Mr. James Smith, who died some years ago in London. Mr. Smith was, in conjunction with his brother Robert, early associated with the game in Scotland, and was an original member of the Queen's Park. Mr. Archibald Rae, the first secretary of the Scottish Football Association, and at one time an active member of the Queen's Park (and a beautiful dribbler in his day), tells an amusing anecdote of Smith, while playing against the Hamilton Club, leaping on the top of a hedge to win a touch-down, which in those days counted a point in the game. This entirely coincided with poor Smith's play, as he was sometimes very impetuous.
By November 1870, Smith had moved to London and, although he retained his membership of Queen's Park, was also a member of South Norwood, for whom he played in the FA Cup. Smith, along with his elder brother Robert, was named amongst 16 selected players in the publicity for the unofficial international match played on 24 February 1872, but neither actually played.
In November 1872, the first officially recognised football international was arranged between Scotland and England; unlike the earlier representative matches, all of which had been played at the Kennington Oval in London, this match was played at West of Scotland Cricket Club's ground at Hamilton Crescent in Partick, Glasgow. The match was organised by the Queen's Park club (the Scottish Football Association was not founded until the following year), who decided that only Queen's Park members should be selected. Smith started the match as a half-back.
Smith's brother, Robert, played in the match on 30 November 1872 as one of six forwards; thus, he and Robert were the first pair of brothers to play together at international level. Scotland played a 2–2–6 formation (with two backs and two half-backs) while England favoured a more attacking 1–1–8 formation with only two defenders; despite this, the match ended in a 0–0 draw.

## Life after football

By profession, Smith was a salesman for artists' supplies.
He died, aged 32, at his parents' home at Urquhart in Morayshire on 20 September 1876 from a stroke, after a long illness.
# 8 Letters (song)

"8 Letters" is a song performed by American boy band Why Don't We. The song was released as a digital download on August 19, 2018, by Signature and Atlantic Records as the third single from their eponymous debut studio album 8 Letters. The song peaked at number fourteen on the US Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart. The track samples the drum break from The Detroit Emeralds' song "You're Getting a Little Too Smart"

## Music video

A music video to accompany the release of "8 Letters" was first released onto YouTube on August 19, 2018. The video was directed by Éli Sokhn. The video shows the band frozen in time as they reflect on being incapable of opening up their hearts.

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Ceremony | Award | Result |
| 2019 | Teen Choice Awards | Choice Song: Group | Nominated |

## Personnel

Credits adapted from Tidal.
* The Monsters & Strangerz – Producer, programmer, recording
* Jonny Price – Additional Production, writer
* Nejeeb Jones – Assistant Mix Engineer
* James Abrahart – Background Vocals, writer
* Will Quinnell – Mastering Engineer
* Tony Maserati – Mixing Engineer
* R8DIO – Vocal Production
* Corbyn Besson – Vocals
* Daniel Seavey – Vocals
* Jack Avery – Vocals
* Jonah Marais – Vocals
* Zach Herron – Vocals
* Jordan K. Johnson – Writer
* Marcus Lomax – Writer
* Stefan Johnson – Writer

## Charts

| Chart (2018) | Peak position |
| Malaysia (RIM) | 5 |
| Singapore (RIAS) | 3 |
| US Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles (Billboard) | 14 |
| US Pop Airplay (Billboard) | 24 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Canada (Music Canada) | Platinum | 80,000$^‡$ |
| United States (RIAA) | Platinum | 1,000,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Label |
| United States | August 19, 2018 | Digital downloadstreaming | SignatureAtlantic Records |
# Paul Wynter

Paul Wynter was a competitive bodybuilder and sometimes film actor. He is best known for his two wins in the Mr. Universe competition. A native of Antigua and Barbuda in the Caribbean, he was born on October 28, 1935. He died on January 14 in 2019 aged 83.

## Bodybuilding and Mr. Universe

Wynter was first awarded the title of Mr. Universe in 1960. He won the title again in 1966, and placed highly in the same competition over several years from his first placing in 1958. During his career as a bodybuilder he was admired for having one of the most perfectly symmetrical bodies in the world, standing at a relatively average 5'8" tall and weighing 180 lbs. He was featured in at least fourteen issues of Health and Strength Magazine, even as recently as 1997.

## Film career

Wynter's best known roles are arguably in the Italian-made sword and sandal films Atlas in the Land of the Cyclops (1961) co-starring Gordon Mitchell and Mole Men Against the Son of Hercules (1961) co-starring Mark Forest. Additionally, he appeared in several French-made comedies.
Wynter performed his strongman act on Granada TV's much-loved variety show, The Wheeltappers and Shunters Social Club in 1974.

## Later life

According to a 2003 article, Wynter was living in New Moston, Manchester with his wife Mary, who two years his junior and manages a care home. In that year, a mentally unstable neighbor broke into the couple's home and attacked them with a knife. While the couple survived the incident, Wynter sustained a stab to the chest that punctured his lung.
The local police force honored Wynter with a special award. When it was revealed that the attacker, who had been caught, was awarded freedom by the Manchester court, Wynter boycotted the ceremony out of protest. His wife Mary accepted the award on his behalf.
# Listen (Collective Soul song)

"Listen" is a song by the American band Collective Soul. It is the second single from their third studio album, Disciplined Breakdown.

## Charts

| Chart (1997) | Peak position |
| U.S. Billboard Hot 100 | 72 |
| U.S. Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks | 1 |
| U.S. Billboard Modern Rock Tracks | 17 |
| Canadian RPM Alternative 30 | 2 |
| Canadian RPM Singles Chart | 39 |
| Mexico International (Notitas Musicales) | 4 |
| Peru (UNIMPRO) | 1 |
# 1987 Polish political and economic reforms referendum

A referendum on political and economic reforms was held in Poland on 29 November 1987. The government's aim in holding the referendum was to obtain a mandate for difficult economic and political reforms. Around a third of eligible voters did not participate, defying the regime. Only 44% of Poland's 26 million eligible voters voted yes to the question on economic reform, and 46% voted yes to the second question on "democratisation" in Poland. Even though a majority of the votes cast supported the propositions, according to the rules of the referendum the majority of eligible voters had to vote yes in order for the referendum to pass. The resulting failure of the referendum was unprecedented, as it was the first time that Communist authorities in Eastern Europe had lost a vote.

## Questions

Voters were presented with two questions:
* Are you for the support of radical economic reform?
* Are you for a deep democratisation of the political life?
The first proposal would allow the government to carry out the "full government program for radical economic recovery," aimed at "improving living conditions," on the understanding that this would require a "difficult" two-to-three-year period of "rapid changes." The second would lead to the introduction a new "Polish model" for "democratising political life, aimed at strengthening self-government, extending the rights of citizens and increasing their participation" in running the country.

## Results
### Question I

| Choice | Votes | % |
| Yes | 11,601,975 | 66.04 |
| No | 4,866,207 | 27.70 |
| Blank votes | 1,100,781 | 6.27 |
| Valid votes | 17,568,963 | 99.61 |
| Invalid votes | 69,520 | 0.39 |
| Total votes | 17,638,483 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | 26,201,169 | 67.32 |
| Majority required | 13,100,585 | 13,100,585 |
| Source: Central Committee for Referendum |||

### Question II

| Choice | Votes | % |
| Yes | 12,127,621 | 69.03 |
| No | 4,317,401 | 24.57 |
| Blank votes | 1,123,941 | 6.40 |
| Valid votes | 17,568,963 | 99.61 |
| Invalid votes | 69,520 | 0.39 |
| Total votes | 17,638,483 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | 26,201,169 | 67.32 |
| Majority required | 13,100,585 | 13,100,585 |
| Source: Central Committee for Referendum |||
# 1,3-Dimethylbutylamine

1,3-Dimethylbutylamine (1,3-DMBA, dimethylbutylamine, DMBA, 4-amino-2-methylpentane, or AMP), is a stimulant drug structurally related to methylhexanamine where a butyl group replaces the pentyl group. The compound is an aliphatic amine.
The hydrochloride and citrate salts of DMBA has been identified as unapproved ingredients in some over-the-counter dietary supplements, in which it is used in an apparent attempt to circumvent bans on methylhexanamine. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) considers any dietary supplement containing DMBA to be "adulterated". Despite the FDA's opposition, DMBA continues to be sold in the US.
There are no known human safety studies on DMBA and its health effects are entirely unknown.
DMBA is not an agonist of the rodent or human trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1).
# 1990 Faroese general election

Parliamentary elections were held in the Faroe Islands on 17 November 1990.

## Results

| | Social Democratic Party | 7,805 | 27.46 | 10 | +3 |
| | People's Party | 6,234 | 21.94 | 7 | –1 |
| | Union Party | 5,367 | 18.88 | 6 | –1 |
| | Republican Party | 4,178 | 14.70 | 4 | –2 |
| | Self-Government Party | 2,489 | 8.76 | 3 | +1 |
| | Christian People's Party | 1,681 | 5.91 | 2 | 0 |
| | Social Separatist Party | 666 | 2.34 | 0 | New |
| Total | Total | 28,420 | 100.00 | 32 | 0 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 28,420 | 98.27 | | |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 501 | 1.73 | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | 28,921 | 100.00 | | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 33,044 | 87.52 | | |
| Source: Árbók fyri Føroyar 2003 ||||||
* This Faroe Islands article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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* This European election-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Las Vegas Grand Prix

The Las Vegas Grand Prix is a motor racing event that forms part of the Formula One World Championship, taking place in Paradise, Nevada, in the United States. It is conducted as a night race on a temporary street circuit that includes parts of the Las Vegas Strip. The first race was held on November 18, 2023. Formula One and Las Vegas have signed an agreement until 2025 for the race.

## History

The inaugural Las Vegas Grand Prix, held on November 18, 2023, marked the first Formula One race in Las Vegas since the 1982 Caesars Palace Grand Prix and the first street race in the city since the 2007 Vegas Grand Prix Champ Car. The event took place around the Las Vegas Strip on a brand-new street track. It was the third Grand Prix in the United States on the 2023 calendar after the Miami and the United States Grands Prix, and marked the first time since 1982 that there were three races held in the United States in a Formula One season.
Formula One and Las Vegas have signed an agreement until 2025 for the race, with the intent being for the race to continue into perpetuity.

## Circuit

The circuit was designed by Tilke GmbH, with the project led by Carsten Tilke, son of Hermann Tilke. Formula One itself purchased a piece of land to build permanent pit and paddock facilities that are used during race weekends.
With a length of 6.201 km (3.853 mi) and consisting of 17 corners, the Grand Prix lasts 50 laps, giving a race distance of 309.958 km (192.599 mi). The circuit is located next to many of the most famous casinos, including a 1.9 km (1.2 mi) straight down the Las Vegas Strip, as well as two other lengthy straight sections.

## Winners

All Las Vegas Grands Prix were held at the Las Vegas Strip Circuit.

### By year

| Year | Driver | Constructor | Report |
| 2023 | Max Verstappen | Red Bull Racing-Honda RBPT | Report |
| 2024 | George Russell | Mercedes | Report |
| Source: ||||
# Anna Paaske

Anna Paaske (26 September 1856 – 4 July 1935) was a Norwegian opera singer and music teacher. She often performed in Wagner roles in concerts in Scandinavia and Northern Europe.

## Early life

Anna Paaske was born on 26 September 1856 in Sandsvær to mining engineer Carl Anthon Paaske and Caroline Louie Amalie Nielsen. She and her family moved to Karmøy after her father became the director of Viksnes mines. During an interview later in life, Paaske stated that her singing voice was a cradle gift. As a young girl she also studied with singer Thorvald Lammers.

## Career

She met Olefine Moe, who asked Paaske if she wanted to make her debut with Moe's opera company. Her debut took place on 20 April 1884 in Christiania, when she portrayed Gilda in the opera Rigoletto, after only having studied opera for half a year. She stayed in Södertälje in 1885 before making her debut on the lyrical stage in Stockholm, where she was engaged as a soloist at a concert by the King.
She made her Bergen debut at Den Nationale Scene in autumn 1888 as Betty in the operetta Schweitzerhytten. Paaske continued to be employed Den Nationale Scene until 31 October 1889 when she was released from her position, as they did not have the capacity to run an opera.
She had begun to make a name for herself with these roles, but it was only when she came to Germany that she reached new heights of stardom. Whilst there, she appeared as a guest on several opera stages, in popular works such as Lohengrin, Tannhäuser and Il Trovatore. Paaske also worked as a permanent employee at the Hoftheater in Lippe-Detmold, the Stadttheater in Kaiserslautern and in Lübeck. She achieved great success in Germany, but returned to Norway in 1905, intending to settle in Christiania.
From 1905 to 1914, Paaske was again living in Bergen, where she taught at the Bergens Musikkakademi. After one of her students performed a concert, Paaske slipped and damaged her foot, from which she never fully recovered, ending her stage career. From November 1915, she opened her own singing school in Haugesund. Paaske taught her students based directly on their speaking voice and believed that anyone could learn how to sing.

## Personal life and death

In 1913 in Bergen, she married Per Hugo Axberg and was sometimes known as Anna Paaske von Gerthen-Axberg.
Paaske died on 4 July 1935 in Haugesund, at the age of 78.