OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Spring River (Maine)

The Spring River is a short stream in Township 16, MD, Hancock County, Maine, USA. From the outflow of Narraguagus Lake (44°40′04″N 68°07′59″W﻿ / ﻿44.6677°N 68.1331°W﻿ / 44.6677; -68.1331﻿ (Spring River source)), the river runs 4.0 miles (6.4 km) northeast to its confluence with the West Branch Narraguagus River.
# June–July 2016 Sulu and Basilan clashes

The Summer 2016 Sulu and Basilan clashes were armed conflicts that took place in two battlefronts on the southern islands of Mindanao, Philippines from 21 June to 12 July.

## Background

After Canadian hostage John Ridsdel had been beheaded by Abu Sayyaf group (ASG) in late April 2016, Canadian hostage Robert Hall was beheaded on June 13, 2016. ASG even demanded $13 million ransom for the release of two other hostages.
Philippine President Duterte warned ASG to stop kidnapping, saying he would eventually confront them.
On 17 June, about five thousand Philippine soldiers had been deployed to the target areas in Sulu to track down ASG.

## Clashes
### Sulu

On 21 June, soldiers from the 32nd Infantry Battalion encountered about two hundred ASG members in Patikul town. Three ASG members were killed and at least 10 were wounded. Sixteen Army soldiers were wounded.
On 22 June, another firefight left at least seven ASG members killed and eighteen soldiers wounded.
As the hostage tracking operation continued, on 7 July, troops encountered suspected ASG members. One soldier was killed with six wounded. Nine ASG members were killed and at least nineteen militants were wounded.
By 11 July, 22 ASG were dead.

### Basilan

On 6 July, suspected ASG bandits led by Furuji Indama and Isnilon Hapilon stormed a village in Tipo-Tipo, Basilan. The attack targeted the headquarters of the 18th Infantry Battalion. ASG occupied and fortified Hill 490 of Ungkaya Pukan town as a staging point.
On 12 July, Army rangers prepared to assault Hill 490 after an air and artillery barrage. One ranger was killed and five others were injured after one of them tripped an improvised explosive device. The government casualties were immediately airlifted to Camp Navarro General Hospital.
At least eighteen militants were killed with nine wounded.
# Elahe Ejbari

Elahe Ejbari (الهه اجباری) is a Baloch human rights activist.

## Life and education

Elahe Ejbari was born in Zabol, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran, and completed her education at a Sampad school. She is a former student of the University of Tehran, where she studied educational technology and psychology.
She began her human rights activism in 2015 by protesting the legal age of maturity and child marriage in Iran. She later expanded her efforts to focus on women's rights and economic empowerment. In 2020, due to her activism, she was accused of "propaganda against the regime" and spent three months in Evin Prison, much of it in solitary confinement.

## Arrest and sexual abuse

On December 5, 2022, during the Mahsa Amini protests, Ejbari was abducted by four men while returning from a class she had held. She was subjected to four days of sexual and psychological abuse.
She later fled Iran and publicly exposed human rights violations in the prisons of the Islamic Republic of Iran, including interrogation conditions and sexual assaults against female protesters.
# Whitefield

Whitefield may refer to:

## Places
### India

* Whitefield, Bengaluru, a neighbourhood of Bengaluru
** Whitefield railway station (Bengaluru)

### United Kingdom

* Whitefield, Dorset, England, a United Kingdom location
* Whitefield, Greater Manchester, England
** Whitefield tram stop
* Whitefield, Perthshire, Scotland, birthplace of the writer James Browne
* Whitefield, Somerset, England, a United Kingdom location

### United States

* Whitefield, Illinois, an unincorporated community
* Whitefield, Maine, a town
* Whitefield, New Hampshire, a town
** Whitefield (CDP), New Hampshire, a census-designated place and main village in the town
* Whitefield, Oklahoma, a town
* Whitefield Township, Marshall County, Illinois
* Whitefield Township, Kandiyohi County, Minnesota

## People

* Whitefield (surname), a list of people
* Whitefield Bentley (1884–1952), Canadian politician
* Whitefield J. McKinlay (1852–1941), American teacher, state legislator and real estate businessman

## Schools

* Whitefield College (disambiguation)
* Whitefield Academy (disambiguation)
* Whitefield School, a secondary school and sixth form in the London Borough of Barnet
* Whitefield Schools, a special school in Walthamstow in the London Borough of Waltham Forest
* Whitefield Christian Schools, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
# Project Grudge

Project Grudge was a short-lived project by the U.S. Air Force (USAF) to investigate unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Grudge succeeded Project Sign in February, 1949, and was then followed by Project Blue Book. The project formally ended in December 1949, but continued in a minimal capacity until late 1999.

## History

Project Grudge was intended to alleviate public anxiety over UFOs and persuade the public that UFOs constituted nothing unusual or extraordinary. UFO sightings were explained as conventional aircraft, balloons, stars, planets, meteors, optical illusions, solar reflections, or even "large hailstones." Project officials recommended that the project be reduced in scope because the very existence of Air Force official interest encouraged people to believe in UFOs and contributed to a "war hysteria" atmosphere. On 27 December 1949, the Air Force announced the termination of the project.

## Conclusions

Project Grudge issued its only formal report in August 1949. The report's conclusions included:
    A. There is no evidence that objects reported upon are the result of an advanced scientific foreign development; and, therefore they constitute no direct threat to the national security. In view of this, it is recommended that the investigation and study of reports of unidentified flying objects be reduced in scope.
    B. All evidence and analyses indicate that reports of unidentified flying objects are the result of:
       1. Misinterpretation of various conventional objects.
       2. A mild form of mass-hysteria and war nerves.
       3. Individuals who fabricate such reports to perpetrate a hoax or to seek publicity.
       4. Psychopathological persons.
The "Recommendations" section suggested that Air Force personnel receive basic instruction in astronomical phenomena.

## Response

An article by Sidney Shallet appeared in two consecutive issues of the Saturday Evening Post (April 30 and May 7, 1949) and supported Project Grudge's assessment that UFO reports could be explained by mundane phenomena, and that hoaxes and crackpots played a prominent role in popularizing UFOs.
Astronomer and ufologist J. Allen Hynek criticized Project Grudge, claiming that the project was "less science and more of a public relations campaign". Project Grudge also received criticism from former intelligence officer Edward J. Ruppelt, who was "convinced of the alien nature of UFOs and how he has seen the military and the U.S. government trying to discredit the extraterrestrial hypothesis". Both Hynek and Ruppelt claimed that Project Grudge was "as far from an objective, scientific examination of the phenomenon as one could get".
# Fole Church

Fole Church (Swedish: Fole kyrka) is a medieval church in Fole on the Swedish island of Gotland. The Romanesque tower is the oldest part of the otherwise largely Gothic church. It belongs to the Church of Sweden and lies in the Diocese of Visby.

## History

The currently visible church was preceded by a Romanesque stone church. Of this church, the tower remains and is thus the oldest part of Fole Church. It dates from circa 1200. The Romanesque church was gradually replaced with the current, more Gothic church. During the middle of the 13th century, the choir and about half of the nave were rebuilt, and a few decades later, the rest of the nave. The rebuilt church was inaugurated in 1280.
The church has remained relatively intact since. The sacristy was redecorated in 1707, and minor alterations to the interior have been made occasionally throughout the centuries.
Today, Fole Church belongs to the Church of Sweden and lies within the Diocese of Visby.

## Architecture

The church exterior has both Gothic and Romanesque elements. The tower is in its entirety Romanesque, reminiscent of the tower of nearby Bro Church. A portal, originally the choir portal, has been re-used from the earlier Romanesque stone church and now functions as the sacristy portal. The nave and the choir are however Gothic. The church lacks an apse and has a straight eastern wall with three vertical windows. One of the walls is inscribed with runes made by the locals as a sort of permanent record about their right to use a road through part of Fole.
The interior of the church has been decorated with murals, of which fragments remain. The church does however still contain several medieval items. The baptismal font dates from the early 13th century, with the upper part painted over during the 18th century. It contains on the upper part reliefs depicting the flight into Egypt and the apostles, and on the base sculpted heads and beasts. The church also has a triumphal cross from the middle of the 13th century (painted over in the 1840s), and contains several medieval tombstones. Other furnishings are later, including the Neo-Gothic gallery (1870s), one of only a few such pieces on Gotland.
In the vicinity of the church, is a school building from 1858 and a parsonage from 1820.
# BlackinChem

BlackInChem is an organization which aims to highlight and increase the visibility of black chemists. The organization was created as a response to Black Birders Week. The inaugural event ran from August 10 - 15, 2020.

## Origins

The initiative was part of a cluster of initiatives, including #BlackBirdersWeek, #BlackinNeuro, #BlackinAstro, #BlackinData, #BlackinGeoscience, #BlackinMicro, and others, prompted in part by the Central Park birdwatching incident and episodes of killings and police brutality against Black Americans such as Ahmaud Arbery, Breonna Taylor, and George Floyd.
According to co-founder Ayanna Jones, the goal of the initiative is "for Black chemists at all stages of their careers to network and to encourage one another along a journey that no one should have to undergo alone".

## #BlackChemistsWeek 2020

The week-long event was conceived and organized by members of a group of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) professionals and students. Key people included; Devin Swiner, Samantha Theresa Mensah, Ashley Walker, Kathleen Muloma-Rink, Ayanna Jones, Natérica das Neves Rodrigues Lopes, Munashe Crispen and Heidi Nelson-Quillin.
The inaugural event series ran from August 10 - 15, 2020, using the #BlackChemistsWeek hashtag on Twitter. Through these events and others, the series highlighted research carried out by Black chemists, and the racism and other hurdles experienced. The week was themed around several different areas of chemistry, including analytical, biological, inorganic, organic and physical. The week drew attention from several Black celebrities, including MC Hammer.

## Impact and legacy

BlackInChem week was covered by the Royal Society of Chemistry, Chemical & Engineering News, USA Today, and Chemistry World. In response to the 2020 series, the University of California, Los Angeles launched a campaign to raise $100,000 in order to support a lectureship and fellowships for Black scholars. The organizers intend to continue the series in future years. The #BlackinX movements were recognized by the journal Science as a finalist for 2020 Breakthrough of the Year. The BlackInChem team was awarded the 2021 Inclusion and Diversity Prize from the Royal Society of Chemistry.
# Sprout Creek

Sprout Creek is a 24.8-mile-long (39.9 km) creek located entirely within Dutchess County, New York, United States. It is the largest tributary of Fishkill Creek, entering that creek some 11 miles (18 km) upstream from the Hudson River. The creek is annually stocked with 6,000 brown trout, and maintains its own natural population of trout.

## Course

Sprout Creek begins in Millbrook, at 755 feet (230 m) in elevation. Paralleling Oak Summit Road, the creek flows generally southward towards New York State Route 82, where it passes through Verbank. The creek turns towards the west, though after reaching Verbank Village, it resumes its southwestern course. It turns around several small hills and mountains, and later intersects New York State Route 55. Shortly thereafter, Sprout Creek crosses the Taconic State Parkway; it soon receives Jackson Creek. The Jackson Creek watershed covers 5,524 acres (2,235 ha) of land, draining a large portion of Union Vale into Sprout Creek, and has a small annual stocking of around 700 brown trout. Sprout Creek continues generally towards the southwest, and later towards the south, before once again passing under Route 82. The bridge over the creek, located in the town of Fishkill, was built in 1934. At 85 ft (26 m) long, the bridge carried an AADT of 19,400 vehicles as of February 2006. In 1722, William Verplanck constructed a dam across the creek. He also built a grinding mill on the creek's banks; during the American Revolution, this mill ground a large quantity of grain for the soldiers stationed at Fishkill. The creek ends at the Fishkill Creek, just north of New York State Route 52. Sprout Creek also passes through Sprout Creek Farm, an educational farm, in the town of LaGrange.

## Watershed

Comprising 24% of the overall Fishkill Creek watershed, the Sprout Creek subwatershed encompasses about 46 square miles (120 km$^2$) of land—of which 17% was being used for agricultural purposes in 2000. The creek's quality is described as "good" by the Fishkill Creek Watershed Committee, though agricultural operations, sewer treatment plants, and septic systems led to pollution at certain times during a study from 1973 to 2002. It drains portions of La Grange, Union Vale, Wappinger, and East Fishkill.
One of only three trout creeks in Dutchess County, the creek is annually stocked with 6,000 brown trout; wild trout are also present. A group of local residents formed the Sprout Creek Association, after the operation of a nearby rock mine prompted concerns about the creek's environmental health.
# Zvare

Zvare (Georgian: ზვარე) is a village in Georgia, in Kharagauli Municipality of Imereti Region. It is located on the western slope of the Likhi Range, on the bank of the river Zvariuli (left tributary of the Chkherimela). 700 m above sea level 24 km from Kharagauli.

## Resort

Zvare is a balneological resort of local importance due to the presence of mineral water sources.
# Hardy Williams

Hardy Williams (April 14, 1931 – January 7, 2010) was an American politician who served as a Democratic member of the Pennsylvania State Senate for the 8th district from 1983 to 1998.

## Background

He faced criticism in the 1980s for questions over his campaign finance practices. In 1998, he retired hours before the deadline to file nominating petitions, allowing his son Anthony Hardy Williams the opportunity to run unopposed for his father's 8th senatorial district seat. The younger Williams had already filed his nominating petitions to run for his House seat, so he remained on both ballots. He resigned his House seat when he won both elections simultaneously.
Hardy Williams died on January 7, 2010, at the Kearsley Home in the Wynnefield section of Philadelphia.
# Ko Kradan

Ko Kradan (Also known as: Paradise beach) (Alternately transliterated as Koh Kradan, Ko Kadan or Koh Kadan) (Thai: เกาะกระดาน) is an island in Trang province, Southern Thailand. Ko Kradan is described by Tourism Thailand as one of the most beautiful islands in Trang. Ko Kradan has white sandy beaches and transparent water which allow the coral reef to be seen clearly. Most of Ko Kradan is controlled by Hat Chao Mai National Park. The rest is privately owned.

## Ranking awards

In 2023, it was ranked as the best beach in the world.

## Geography

Ko Kradan is named from its oblong shape. Ko Kradan has an area approximately 600 acres or 2.4 square kilometers. It is located about 10 kilometers from the west coast of Southern Thailand.

## Beach division

* Ko Kradan Beach is located on the east of the island. The beach is about 2 kilometers long. From the beach, you can see Ko Libong, Ko Whan, Ko Mook, and Ko Cherg.
* Ao Niang Beach is located on the south of the island. The beach is about 800 meters lon.. From the beach, you can see Ko Libong.
* Ao Pai Beach is located on the north of the island. The beach is about 200 meters long but has no coral reef. From the beach, you can see Ko Cherg, Ko Whan, and Ko Mook.
* Ao Chong Lom Beach is located on the west of the island. The beach is about 800 meters long, and is called "Sunset Beach" for its exceptional sunset.
# Bob Brinker

Robert John Brinker (October 1, 1941 – August 18, 2024) was an American financial advisor and radio host. From 1986 to 2018, Brinker hosted the syndicated financial radio show Moneytalk. He previously had a show on local New York radio on WMCA. Prior to that Brinker hosted talk radio programs on WCAU (now WPHT) and WWDB in Philadelphia.

## Early life and career

Born in Philadelphia on October 1, 1941, Brinker graduated from La Salle College High School. In 1964, Brinker graduated from La Salle University with a B.A. in economics. He then did master's degree studies in communications and finance at Temple University and became a news anchor with Philadelphia news radio station KYW in 1966.

## Financial career

In 1970, Brinker joined Provident National Bank as a portfolio manager. In 1973, Brinker became an investment officer with New Jersey National Bank. While working in New Jersey, Brinker was the adjunct professor of finance at Rider College in Lawrenceville, New Jersey. Brinker was a vice president and investment counselor with the Bank of New York from 1974 to 1981. Then from 1981 to 1992, Brinker was U.S. chief investment officer with the London-based British firm Guardian Royal Exchange Assurance. Brinker is a member of the CFA Institute and the CFA Society New York.

## Radio career

During the late 1970s, Brinker hosted weekend talk shows on WCAU and WWDB in Philadelphia. Brinker also became the play-by-play radio voice for La Salle and Villanova college basketball.
In 1981, New York City radio station WMCA hired Brinker to host an investment talk show. ABC Radio launched Brinker's nationally syndicated program Moneytalk in 1986. The show was heard on over 200 radio stations nationwide and was also streamed worldwide on the internet. Brinker began publishing the Marketimer newsletter in 1986. Marketimer covers market timing, the Federal Reserve, and mutual funds among other topics. Marketimer is listed on the Hulbert Financial Digest Investment Letter Honor Roll. Moneytalk aired on Sundays from 4 to 7 p.m. (Eastern Time).
In 2014, talkers.com named Brinker to its list of the 100 most important radio talk show hosts of all time. He is a member of the Screen Actors Guild American Federation of Television & Radio Artists.
After more than 32 years of hosting nationally syndicated "MoneyTalk," Bob Brinker decided to step away from radio. The last live broadcast of the program was on September 30, 2018. The final edition of the Marketimer newsletter was published June 2023. In mid-June, newsletter recipients received a letter saying that the newsletter was ending publication following 450 monthly editions beginning in January 1986.

## Personal life and death

Brinker lived in Henderson, Nevada. He was married and has three grown children. Brinker has also lived in Cocoa Beach, Florida.
Brinker died on August 18, 2024, at the age of 82.
# Cromwell Lock

Cromwell Lock is a large navigation lock on the River Trent in Nottinghamshire, England. The first lock to be built on the site was constructed by the Trent Navigation Company, having been authorised by an Act of Parliament obtained in 1906. Construction began in late 1908, as soon as the Company had raised sufficient capital. The lock was extended in 1935, when an extra pair of gates were added downstream of the main lock, effectively forming a second lock. The lock was further improved in 1960, when the two locks were made into one, capable of holding eight standard Trent barges.
Cromwell Weir by the side of the lock is one of the largest weirs on the Trent and marks the tidal limit of the river.
The site is defined by the Ordnance Survey as the nearest tidal location to Coton in the Elms in Derbyshire, which is the furthest point from the sea in Great Britain, located 72 kilometres (45 mi) away.
On 28 September 1975, during an eighty-mile, night navigation exercise in extreme weather conditions, ten members of the 131 Parachute Squadron, Royal Engineers were killed after a power failure caused the navigation lights on the weir to go out and their boat went over the crest. A memorial garden with a block of Scottish granite bearing the names of the men who died, lies next to the lock.
# Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Missile Complex

Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Missile Complex is a military missile research center in Hyderabad, India.

## Laboratories

The complex has following three laboratories:
* Advanced Systems Laboratory (ASL): Conducts research and development on motors, jet vanes and structures for launch vehicles and missiles, primarily known for contributions to Agni Missiles.
* Defence Research and Development Laboratory (DRDL): famous for its contributions to Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP).
* Research Centre Imarat (RCI): A missile Avionics Laboratory founded by Dr A. P. J. Abdul Kalam.

## History

Manohar Parrikar, the then Defence Minister of India, on 15 October 2015 renamed DRDO Missile Complex at Hyderabad into Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Missile Complex, after Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, the former President of India also regarded as the Missile Man of India.
# Spurr River

The Spurr River is a short stream in the Upper Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan. It rises from the outflow of Beaufort Lake at 46°32′47″N 88°11′14″W﻿ / ﻿46.54639°N 88.18722°W﻿ / 46.54639; -88.18722 and flows 3.9 miles (6.3 km) east-southeast into Lake Michigamme at 46°31′43″N 88°07′54″W﻿ / ﻿46.52861°N 88.13167°W﻿ / 46.52861; -88.13167.
The river flows along the south side of US 41/M-28 for most of its course. To the north of the road is a high ridge. There is a lookout tower at the top with views of Beaufort Lake, George Lake, and Ruth Lake to the south of the ridge and the smaller Trout Lake, Middle Lake, and Coon Lake to the north.
The source of the river, Beaufort Lake, is the last and largest in a series of three small lakes. Ruth Lake is fed by Nestoria Creek from the west and Canal Town Creek from the south. The outflow from a series of smaller lakes to the east, Coon Lake, Middle Lake, and Trout Lake enters Ruth Lake from the northeast. George Lake lies between Ruth Lake and Beaufort Lake.
The river is entirely within Spurr Township in Baraga County. Both the Spurr River and Spurr Township take their name from the Spurr Mountain mining settlement of the Spurr Mountain Iron Company near Imperial Heights.