OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Baloch people in Punjab

The Balochs of Punjab (Urdu: پنجاب کے بلوچ; Saraiki, Punjabi: پنجاب دے بلوچ) are a community of Saraiki and Punjabi-speaking tribes of either full or partial Baloch descent settled in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The majority of which live in southern Punjab, including Dera Ghazi Khan and Rajanpur, which adjoin the province of Balochistan. Numerous of which no longer speak Balochi and instead speak Punjabi, Saraiki and Sindhi.

## History

Since 12th century Baloch chieftains ruled over most of Balochistan. Mir Jalal khan and Mir Chakar after the establishment of the Baloch Confederation, They extended their dominance on outside the borders of Balochistan, Mir Chakar seized control over Punjab and captured Multan. The great Baloch kingdom was based on tribal confederationn, Punjab and Balochistan remained under his rule for a period of time.
According to Dr. Akhtar Baloch, Professor at University of Karachi, the Baloch migrated from Balochistan during the Little Ice Age and settled in Sindh and Punjab. According to Professor Baloch, the climate of Balochistan was very cold during this epoch and the region was inhabitable during the winter so the Baloch people migrated in waves and settled in Sindh and Punjab. Baloch people form majority in Dera Ghazi Khan or Rajanpur districts and found significant numbers in Layyah, Muzaffargarh, Rahim Yar Khan districts, and Multan district.

## Demographics

In his book Searchlights on Baloches and Balochistan (1997), Justice Mir Khuda Bakhsh Marri estimated the Baloch population in Punjab to number 6 million, most of them not speaking Balochi as mother tongue anymore, but Punjabi and Saraiki; Marri concentrated on the statistics given by the British colonialists in British Punjab during their research, such as the Punjab Census Report of 1931, extrapolating the numbers by looking at the natural growth of Pakistan's overall population.
# Chu (Vietnamese surname)

Chu ( or Châu is a Vietnamese surname. It is transliterated as Zhou (for Chu) and Zhu (for Châu) in Chinese, and Ju in Korean.
Châu is also a unisex Vietnamese given name.
Chau is the anglicized variation of Châu.

## Notable people with the surname Chu/Châu

* Chu Văn An
* Châu Văn Tiếp (Châu Doãn Ngạnh), 18th century Vietnamese military commander
* Chau Giang (Chau Tu Giang), professional poker player.
* Chau Nguyen (born 1973), Vietnamese-American news anchor
* François Chau (born 1959), Cambodian-American actor
* Hong Chau, American actress
# Forstlicher Versuchsgarten Grafrath

The Forstlicher Versuchsgarten Grafrath is an arboretum in Grafrath, Bavaria, Germany.
The arboretum is located at Jesenwanger Strasse 11, Grafrath. It is 34 hectares (84 acres) large. It is open without charge on weekdays in the warmer months. It was established in 1881, and since 1995 has been maintained by the Bayerische Landesanstalt für Wald und Forstwirtschaft (LWF). It contains over 200 species of foreign trees and shrubs from the Americas, Asia, and Europe.
# Arboretum Lohbrügge

The Arboretum Lohbrügge (10 hectares), also known as the Arboretum der Bundesforschungsanstalt für Forst- und Holzwirtschaft or the Arboretum Lohbruegge der Bundesanstalt, is an arboretum with greenhouses maintained by the German Federal Research Center for Forestry and Forest Products (BFH). It is located at Leuschnerstrasse 91, Lohbrügge, Hamburg, Germany, and open by appointment.
The arboretum was established in 1965 by the BFH, Bundesforschungsanstalt für Forst- und Holzwirtschaft. According to Hamann and Seehann, as of 1983 it contained 1541 plant taxa in the arboretum and greenhouse; more recent figures increase that figure to 1570 taxa representing 126 families from all continents, including Taxodium distichum (about 70 years old) and Pinus longaeva.
Its greenhouses (about 700 m$^2$, 14 meters in height) contain about 500 tropical tree species from three climates: tropical, subtropical, and Mediterranean. They include notable specimens of Carapa guianensis, Cedrela odorata, Dalbergia latifolia, Entandrophragma utile, E. cylindricum, Khaya ivorensis, mahogany species, Swietenia macrophylla.
The arboretum also contains a herbarium (3,200 specimens) and a wood collection of 24,000 samples.
# Loki-Schmidt-Garten

The Loki-Schmidt-Garten, also known as Botanischer Garten Hamburg, or, more formally, as Botanischer Garten der Universität Hamburg or Biozentrum Klein Flottbek und Botanischer Garten, is a botanical garden maintained by the University of Hamburg. It has a size of around 25 hectares and is located at Ohnhorststrasse 18, Hamburg, Germany, beside the Klein Flottbek station in the Osdorf quarter, and open daily without charge. It was renamed in 2012 after Loki Schmidt, the wife of the former German chancellor Helmut Schmidt. Though it was renamed, the old name coexists with the new one. Nearby Klein Flottbek station still has the second name "Botanischer Garten".

## History

Although the garden's institutional history dates to its first establishment in 1821 and transfer in 1919 to the University of Hamburg, today's Loki-Schmidt-Garten, then Botanischer Garten Hamburg, opened in 1979. Its earlier site still remains as the Alter Botanischer Garten Hamburg, which contains the garden's greenhouses. Therefore, Loki-Schmidt-Garten is sometimes called Neuer Botanischer Garten (New Botanical Garden).
The compound of today's Botanischer Garten had initially been one of the four sections of the ornamented farm of Caspar Voght, then as Norderpark (Northern park). Süderpark (Southern park) is known as Jenisch park nowadays.

## Layout

The garden is organized into three major sections:
* Systematic garden (approximately 3.5 hectares (8.6 acres)) - 90 beds of plants organized by evolutionary relationship, as defined by Armen Takhtajan in 1959.
* Geographical garden - plants arranged by geographic origin, with areas for Europe, North America, southern South America, and East Asia. This section also includes an alpine garden, Japanese garden, and Chinese garden.
* Plant and man - five thematic gardens: Farmer's Garden, Biblical Garden, crops, pharmacy garden, and poisonous and medicinal plants.
# Julian Egerton

Julian Egerton (24 August 1848 – 22 January 1945) was a British classical clarinetist.
Egerton was born in London. Despite contracting polio at the age of eight, he went on to have a lengthy, productive career, performing until the age of 93. He first studied under his father, William Egerton, and then with George Tyler of the Royal Philharmonic Society. He was the first British clarinetist to perform Brahms' Clarinet Quintet Op. 115. He was professor at the Royal College of Music in succession to Henry Lazarus from 1894 until 1910, and at Kneller Hall from 1889. His students included Charles Draper and Haydn Draper.
When Queen Victoria's State and Private Bands were re-organised in 1870, Julian Egerton took over his father's place, at the age of 22 years, a position he held until 1909. He was, in addition, principal at the Hans Richter Concerts from their inception in 1879, and at many provincial festivals. He played at the first and many subsequent Promenade Concerts at Queens Hall under Henry J. Wood.
In 1910 he gave up both teaching appointments for personal reasons, much to the surprise and regret of the institutions involved.
In 1911 his wife Caroline Wakelin, whom he married in 1872, died. Together they had seven children. He remarried in 1917 and moved shortly after to Bilsington in Kent, where he died, aged 96.
His Fieldhouse clarinets are preserved in the Edinburgh Collection of Historic Musical Instruments.
# Un Cadavre

Un Cadavre (A Corpse) was the name of two separate surrealist pamphlets published in France in October 1924, and January 1930, respectively.

## Pamphlet of October 18th, 1924

The first pamphlet, arranged largely by André Breton and Louis Aragon, appeared in response to the national funeral of Anatole France. France, the 1921 Nobel Laureate and best-selling author, who was then regarded as the quintessential man of French letters, proved to be an easy target for an incendiary tract. The pamphlet featured an essay called Anatole France, or Gilded Mediocrity that scathingly attacked the recently deceased author on a number of fronts. The pamphlet was an act of subversion, bringing into question accepted values and conventions, which Anatole France was seen as personifying.
The effect of the pamphlet was twofold; on the one hand, it brought considerable attention to the movement of surrealism and its aims; but on the other, its disrespectful nature alienated certain sympathizers of the movement, such as the designer and art-collector Jacques Doucet, who until then had been a primary sponsor of the group, and was prompted into a parting of ways.

## Pamphlet of January 15th, 1930

The second pamphlet was arranged by a number of disaffected surrealists, sharply criticizing the movement's leader, André Breton, in response to criticism Breton made in his Second Surrealist Manifesto. The manifesto, published in December 1929, directly criticized certain members of the movement and attempted to set the course for future group activities.
The Second Manifesto attacked individuals who were already moving away from Breton, and can be regarded both as his way of formalizing the break and attacking Georges Bataille, who he feared was starting an anti-surrealist movement. The pamphlet Un Cadavre contained short essays by a number of those Breton criticized, many of whom he had formally expelled from the movement for reasons seemingly contrary to its goals, which in hindsight appear to be more a result of his famously imperious pride. For example, according to the Second Manifesto, the prose writer Georges Limbour was expelled for "literary coquetry in the worst sense of the word," a reason that emphasizes Breton's rigid disdain for literature, as opposed to poetry. Another major reason for division in the group was its increasingly politicized position, which tended toward Marxism.
The pamphlet included essays by Bataille, Limbour, Robert Desnos, Raymond Queneau, Michel Leiris, Alejo Carpentier, Jacques Baron, Jacques Prévert, Roger Vitrac, Max Morise, Georges Ribemont-Dessaignes and Jacques-André Boiffard. Though equally criticized, Antonin Artaud and Philippe Soupault declined to participate.
# Stele Forest

The Stele Forest or Beilin Museum is a museum for steles and stone sculptures in Beilin District in Xi'an, Northwest China. The museum, which is housed in a former Confucian Temple, has housed a growing collection of Steles since 1087. By 1944 it was the principal museum for Shaanxi province. Due to the large number of steles, it was officially renamed the Forest of Stone Steles in 1992. Altogether, there are 3,000 steles in the museum, which is divided into seven exhibitions halls that display works of Chinese calligraphy, painting and historical records.

## History

The Stele Forest began with the Kaicheng Shi Jing Steles (开成石经碑) and Shitai Xiao Jing Steles (石台孝经碑), two groups of steles both carved in the Tang dynasty and displayed in the temple to Confucius and the Imperial College in Chang'an, capital of the empire. In 904, a rebel army sacked Chang'an, and the steles were evacuated to the inner city. In 962, they were returned to the rebuilt temple. In the Song dynasty, a special hall with attached facilities was built to house and display the two stele groups. It was damaged in the 1556 Shaanxi earthquake during the Ming dynasty. In 1936, famous Chinese calligrapher Yu Youren donated his entire collection of more than three hundred rubbings from steles to the Xian Forest of Stele Museum. It became a Major Historical and Cultural Site Protected at the National Level in 1961 and thus survived the Cultural Revolution.

## Steles

It houses nearly 3,000 steles and it is the biggest collection of steles in China. Most of its exhibits are steles of the Tang dynasty. Ink rubbings of the steles are available for sale.
Among the unusual examples is an 18th-century stele depicting a Yangtze River flood control project. Another appears to be a bamboo forest, but on examination the leaves and branches form a poem.
The famous Xi'an Stele was moved to the Stele Forest in 1907, after the local authorities learned that the Danish adventurer Frits Holm was in town, trying to "obtain" the ancient monument and take it out of the country.
* Cao Quan Stele (曹全碑, Han dynasty)
* Sima Fang Stele (司马芳碑, Jin dynasty)
* Kaicheng Shi Jing Stele (开成石经碑, Tang dynasty)
* Xi'an Stele (大秦景教流行中国碑, Tang dynasty)

## Stone sculptures

* Four Steeds of Zhao Mausoleum (Tang dynasty)
The collections of the Beilin Museum are far more extensive than suggested by this inadequate thumbnail stub. To give but one example, artifacts produced by the ancient buddhasasansangha of part of China are well represented: Buddhist Sculpture from China: Selections from the Xi'an Beilin Museum Fifth through Ninth Centuries (China Institute Gallery, New York, 2007).
# Carrie Hott

Carrie Hott is an interdisciplinary artist, researcher, and educator based in Oakland, California. Hott’s multidisciplinary projects often take the form of multi-media installations that incorporate drawings, prints, books, sound, video or performance in sculptural settings. Her research-based practice focuses on technological mediation and systems that are difficult to access, visualize, or understand.
Active as an arts administrator, curator, and educator, Hott is currently Term Associate Professor in the Design program in the department of Art and Architecture at the University of San Francisco. She is a co-founder of the Royal None Such Gallery in Oakland, California, an alternative art and community event space; she also helped co-found the Ortega y Gasset Projects, an artist-run exhibition space in Bushwick, Brooklyn. She is a former board member at Headlands Center for the Arts in Sausalito, California.

## Early life

Hott was born in Fort Collins, Colorado, and grew up in Arizona, Colorado, and California. She received her BFA in Painting with a minor in Psychology from Arizona State University in 2003, and her MFA from the San Francisco Art Institute in 2007.
In addition to her studio practice, Hott is a faculty member in the University of San Francisco’s department of Art + Architecture, is a visiting lecturer in the Art Practice Department at UC Berkeley and in the past has been a Lecturer San Jose State University.

## Exhibitions & Projects

Hott's work has been presented in exhibitions including Southern Exposure, the Oakland Museum of California, the Santa Cruz Museum of Art and History, the Museum of Capitalism, and the International Symposium on Electronic Arts in New Mexico. Hott was also part of the Bay Area Now 8 exhibition at San Francisco’s Yerba Buena Center for the Arts and her project, The Key Room, is a permanent installation at the Headlands Center for the Arts.
Hott has been an artist-in residence at Recology San Francisco and at Mills College. In 2024 she was an artist-in-residence at the Center for Spaceflight Research at the University of California, Davis as part of the China Shop residency. She is currently working on a long-term web-based collaboration with The Lab, an experimental art and performance space in San Francisco’s Mission District. Additionally, Hott contributed to an essay and photo project in the latest Living Room Light Exchange publication: Rare Earth The Ground is Not Digital which was released October 2020.

## Awards

Hott was a recipient of the 2017 Artadia Award in San Francisco, and was named one of 24 Artists to Watch in 2015 by Modern Painters Magazine. Her work has been reviewed in Art Practical, Artslant, and Whitehot Magazine of Contemporary Art.
# Yo Kan

Yo Kan (韓陽, Kan Yo, born October 19, 1978 in Shenyang, Liaoning), or Han Yang in Chinese, is a Japanese table tennis player of Chinese origin. He won two gold medals in the men's singles at the 2007 ITTF Pro Tour series in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, and in Santiago, Chile. As of December 2012, Kan is ranked no. 99 in the world by the International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF). Kan is a member of the table tennis team for Tokyo Art Club in Tokyo, Japan, and is coached and trained by Ryo Yuzawa. Kan is also right-handed, and uses offensive, penhold grip.
Representing his adopted nation Japan, Kan qualified for the men's singles at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, by earning an entry score of 12,000.75 points, and being selected as one of the top 15 seeded players from ITTF's Computer Team Ranking List. He received three byes in the preliminary rounds, before defeating Russia's Alexei Smirnov in the fourth match. Kan progressed to the round of sixteen match, where he lost to Chinese table tennis player and Olympic silver medalist Wang Hao, with a set-score of 1–4.
Kan also joined with his fellow players Seiya Kishikawa and Jun Mizutani for the inaugural men's team event. He and his team progressed to the knock-out stage by winning the preliminary pool round against Hong Kong, Nigeria, and Russia, with a total of six points and three straight victories. They lost the semi-final match to the German team (led by Dimitrij Ovtcharov), with a sudden death set score of 2–3, but offered another shot for the bronze medal by entering the play-offs. Kan and his team, however, were defeated in the second play-off by the Austrian trio Chen Weixing, Robert Gardos, and former world champion Werner Schlager, with a set score of 1–3.
# Waterloo (Hanover Stadtbahn station)

Waterloo is a Hanover Stadtbahn station served by lines 3, 7 and 9, situated below Waterloo Plaza that surrounds the Waterloo Column, all named after the Battle of Waterloo. At its south, the lines branch off; lines 3 and 7 turn south in order to travel towards Wallensteinstraße and Wettbergen, while line 9 keeps west towards the centre of Hannover-Linden in order to reach Empelde.
The station has four tracks to prevent simultaneously arriving trains from Empelde and Wettbergen from having to wait in the tunnel. It was opened as the first underground Stadtbahn station in Hanover, and was renovated in 2014. The walls and columns now display images and information about the history of Hanover.
* Inside Waterloo station in June 2020
* Southern tunnel junction

## Next stations

| Towards | Next station | Waterloo | Next station | Towards |
| Wettbergen | Allerweg | 3 | Markthalle/Landtag | Altwarmbüchen |
| Wettbergen | Allerweg | 7 | Markthalle/Landtag | Misburg |
| Empelde | Schwarzer Bär | 9 | Markthalle/Landtag | Fasanenkrug |
# Durham Coalfield

The Durham Coalfield is a coalfield in north-east England. It is continuous with the Northumberland Coalfield to its north. It extends from Bishop Auckland in the south to the boundary with the county of Northumberland along the River Tyne in the north, beyond which is the Northumberland Coalfield.
The two contiguous coalfield areas were often referred to as the Durham and Northumberland Coalfield(s) or as the Great Northern Coalfield.

## Geology

    See also Geology of County Durham
The following coal seams are recorded from the Durham coalfield. They are listed here in stratigraphic order with the youngest at the top and the oldest/deepest at the bottom:
Upper Coal Measures
   * Hylton Castle
Middle Coal Measures
   * Dean
   * Hebburn Fell
   * Usworth
   * Ryhope Five-Quarter
   * Ryhope Little
   * High Main
   * Metal
   * Five-Quarter
   * Main
   * Maudlin
   * Durham Low Main
   * Brass Thill
   * Hutton
Lower Coal Measures
   * Harvey
   * Tilley
   * Busty
   * Three-Quarter
   * Brockwell
   * Victoria
   * Marshall Green
   * Ganister Clay

## Future developments

With the development of modern technology to produce energy and capture carbon dioxide by carbon capture and storage (CCS) there is renewed interest in the exploitation of the Durham Coalfield reserves by underground coal gasification. This is strategically important to local energy-intensive industries, such as the commodity chemical and steel members of the Northeast of England Process Industry Cluster (NEPIC).
# Katherine E. Standefer

Katherine E. Standefer is an American writer of creative nonfiction. She was a recipient of the 2015 Iowa Review Award in Nonfiction.

## Biography

She was born in the Chicago metropolitan area and currently lives in Wyoming. Standefer's book Lightning Flowers: My Journey to Uncover the Cost of Saving A Life was a non-fiction finalist for the Kirkus Prize in 2020. She has also written for High Country News and the Los Angeles Times. In 2018, Standefer was a Logan Nonfiction Fellow at The Carey Institute for Global Good in Rensselaerville, New York.
Lightning Flowers: My Journey to Uncover the Cost of Saving A Life was also a New York Times Book Review Editor's Choice/Staff Pick and a NYTBR's Group Text Pick. It was named one of the Best Books of Fall 2020 by O, The Oprah Magazine.
Standefer's work appeared in The Best American Essays (BAE) 2016.

## Awards and recognition

She was named “notable” in BAE 2017, 2019, and 2020. She won the 2015 Iowa Review Award in Nonfiction.
# 1926 Geneva Covenanters football team

The 1926 Geneva Covenanters football team was an American football team that represented Geneva College as a member of the Tri-State Conference during the 1926 college football season. Led by first-year head coach Bo McMillin, the team compiled an overall record of 8–2 with a mark of 4–0 in conference play, winning the Tri-State title.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 25 | at Cornell* | Schoellkopf FieldIthaca, NY | L 0–6 | |
| October 2 | at Harvard* | Harvard StadiumBoston, MA | W 16–7 | |
| October 9 | Duquesne | Reeves FieldBeaver Falls, PA | W 56–0 | |
| October 16 | at Canisius* | Buffalo, NY | W 28–9 | |
| October 22 | at Waynesburg | Waynesburg, PA | W 20–6 | |
| October 30 | Thiel | Reeves FieldBeaver Falls, PA | W 19–0 | |
| November 13 | Grove City* | Reeves FieldBeaver Falls, PA | L 0–3 | |
| November 20 | Allegheny* | Reeves FieldBeaver Falls, PA | W 15–0 | |
| November 27 | Bethany (WV) | Reeves FieldBeaver Falls, PA | W 20–0 | |
| January 1 | vs. Oglethorpe* | Jacksonville, FL (Orange Blossom festival) | W 9–7 | 6,000 |
| *Non-conference game ||||||
# Tatsuya Yamaashi

Tatsuya Yamaashi (山足 達也, Yamaashi Tatsuya, born October 26, 1993 in Hirakata, Osaka, Japan) is a professional Japanese baseball player. He plays infielder for the Hiroshima Toyo Carp.
# Ani vody proud

"Ani vody proud" is a first single from the Holomráz album of the Czech pop music group Slza. The music was created by Lukáš Bundil and Dalibor Cidlinský Jr. and the text composed by Ondřej Ládek aka Xindl X.

## Music video

The fans of Slza, Petr Lexa and Lukáš Bundil played it. The music video was filmed in Březnice in April. Filming took three days.
# Otvazhnyy Voin (Arkhangelsk)

Otvazhnyy Voin (Russian: Отважный воин, 'Brave Warrior') was a daily newspaper for the Belomorsky Military District published from Arkhangelsk, Soviet Union 1946-1955. Until June 3, 1947 it carried the byline 'Red Army Newspaper for the Arkhangelsk Military District'. From June 4, 1947 to mid-1951 it carried the byline 'Newspaper of the Arkhangelsk Military District'.
Writer Evgeny Kokovin [ru] worked at the editorial office of Otvazhnyy Voin from 1946 to 1951.