OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Motaz Hawsawi

Motaz Hassan Ali Hawsawi (Arabic: معتز حسن علي هوساوي; born 17 February 1992) is a Saudi Arabian professional footballer who plays as a defender. He represented the Saudi Arabia national team from 2012 until 2018.
In May 2018 he was named in Saudi Arabia's preliminary squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia.

## Career

He started playing for Al-Ahli and was often described as one of the best defenders in the history of the club.
On 11 January 2022, he joined Al-Taawoun on a free transfer.
On 12 September 2023, Hawsawi joined Saudi First Division League side Ohod on a one-year deal.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of match played 30 May 2021
| Club | Season | League | League | King Cup | King Cup | Crown Prince Cup | Crown Prince Cup | Asia | Asia | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Al-Ahli | 2014–15 | 22 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 0 | — | — | 33 | 2 |
| Al-Ahli | 2015–16 | 21 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | — | — | 30 | 3 |
| Al-Ahli | 2016–17 | 17 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 29 | 4 |
| Al-Ahli | 2017–18 | 23 | 3 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 7 | 0 | — | — | 31 | 3 |
| Al-Ahli | 2018–19 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Al-Ahli | 2019–20 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 6 | 0 | — | — | 14 | 0 |
| Al-Ahli | 2020–21 | 23 | 1 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 6 | 0 | — | — | 30 | 1 |
| Al-Ahli | Total | 115 | 6 | 8 | 2 | 10 | 4 | 34 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 168 | 13 |
| Career totals | Career totals | 115 | 6 | 8 | 2 | 10 | 4 | 34 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 168 | 13 |
* ↑ Appearances in Saudi Super Cup

### International

    Statistics accurate as of match played 25 June 2018.
Saudi Arabia :
| Year | Apps | Goals |
| 2012 | 1 | 0 |
| 2013 | 0 | 0 |
| 2014 | 4 | 0 |
| 2015 | 1 | 0 |
| 2016 | 3 | 0 |
| 2017 | 4 | 0 |
| 2018 | 6 | 0 |
| Total | 19 | 0 |

## Honours
### Al Ahli

* Saudi Crown Prince Cup : 2014–15
* Saudi Professional League : 2015-16
* King Cup : 2016
* Saudi Super Cup : 2016
# Nakiridde Catherine

Nakiridde Catherine (born 6 November 2000) is a Ugandan professional football player who plays as a midfielder and captain for UCU Lady Cardinals FC in the FUFA Women Super League.

## Education background

Nakiridde studied at St. Catherine International - Kangulumira, St Martin Mulago Primary school in Kampala for her Primary Leaving Examination in 2011.
Nakiridde joined Masaka Secondary school in 2012 for her Uganda Certificate of Education and Uganda Advanced Certificate of Education exams in 2014 and 2017 respectively.

## Achievements

Nakiridde won the FUFA Women Elite League in 2019. She won the Uganda Cup [FUFA Women Cup] in the 2017-2018 season. She also played in the Semi-finals of East Africa Secondary Schools Championship in 2016 and a Bronze medal in the Uganda U-17 Airtel Rising Stars 2014.

## Club career

Nakiridde started her club football career at UCU Lady Cardinals FC in 2014, she featured for the side until 2020, she has also played in Kenya for Thika Queens between 2021 and 2022 before returning back to UCU Lady Cardinals FC in 2023 where she currently plays.

## International career

Nakiridde went through all the national team levels, she played for Uganda women's national football team Under 17, Under 20 and the senior team The crested cranes, her first national team call came in 2010.
# Hugh S. Cumming Jr.

Hugh Smith Cumming Jr. (March 10, 1900 – November 24, 1986) was a career Foreign Service Officer from 1933 until 1963 when he retired. During these 30 years, he was a United States diplomat who was United States Ambassador to Indonesia from 1953 to 1957 and then Director of the Bureau of Intelligence and Research from 1957 to 1961.

## Biography

Cumming was born in Richmond, Virginia on March 10, 1900, the son of Hugh Smith Cumming Sr. (1869–1948) and his wife, Lucy Booth Cumming (1871–1960).
During World War I, Cumming served in the United States Army. After the war, he received a law degree from the University of Virginia School of Law in 1924.
Cumming Jr married Winifred Burney West (1907-1978) As a member of the United States Department of State, Cumming served as counsel to the United States Embassy in Sweden and then in the U.S. Embassy in Russia.
In 1953, President of the United States Dwight D. Eisenhower named Cumming United States Ambassador to Indonesia. Cumming presented his credentials on October 15, 1953, and held the post until March 3, 1957.
In 1957, President Eisenhower nominated Cumming to be the 1st ever Director of the Bureau of Intelligence and Research within the U.S. Department of State. He held this office from October 10, 1957, until February 19, 1961. He retired as a Foreign Service Officer in 1963.
Hugh Smith Cumming Jr died on November 24, 1986, and was buried in the Saint Johns Church Cemetery in Hampton, Hampton City, Virginia.
# Christoffelpark

Christoffelpark is a national park, protected nature area and tourist attraction at the north-western end of the island of Curaçao surrounding Christoffelberg (Mt Christoffel).
Notable for its flora, fauna, culture and history, the park includes three former plantations, Plantage Savonet, Plantage Zorgvlied and Plantage Zevenbergen,$^{:14}$ a mine complex, Newton, and the island's highest point, Christoffelberg (1,239 feet (378 m)). The park covers 1,860 hectares$^{:14}$ of which 1,040 hectares are nature reserve, and has been part of Curaçao's national park system since 1978. It forms part of the North-east Curaçao parks and coast Important Bird Area.
As of 2001 the park is run by the Carmabi Foundation (Caribbean Research and Management of Biodiversity Foundation) and can be explored by visitors by car, bike, horse or on foot.

## History

Plantation Savonet in Christoffelpark is one of the earliest plantations to be founded on Curaçao. As of 2011 the irrigation system is still reasonably intact. Attempts were made to cultivate aloe, indigofera, sorghum, corn, cotton, and beans. Cows, sheep, goats and poultry were also farmed on the plantation.
The plantation houses of Savonet and Zorgvlied (situated at the mountain side of the park) were built on the island in the eighteenth century. Of Zorgvlied only ruins remain. About 100 metres (330 ft) west of Zorgvlied ruins is the house of the 'bomba', the slave in charge of other slaves, and a 'slave-pole'.
Roads in the park were sealed in 2004.

## Flora and fauna

Chistoffelpark has more biodiversity than elsewhere on the island. Flora present in the park includes three pillar cacti species (datu, kadushi, and kadushi di pushi), divi-divi trees and exotic flowers. Cacti in the park reach up to ten feet high, and several extremely rare orchids, such as the lady of the night and Humboldt's schomburgkia, can be found blooming on them. Plant species occurring only in Christoffelpark include Myrcia curassavica, endemic to Curaçao, and Maytenus versluysii, endemic to Curaçao and Bonaire.
Fauna notable in the park includes mammals like the white-tailed deer, the cottontail, and several species of bats, birds like the rare white-tailed hawk, an endemic subspecies of barn owl (Tyto alba bargei), hummingbirds like the common emerald and the crimson topaz, and the endemic yellow oriole. Reptiles and insects are also well represented.

## Tourism

Christoffelpark is open to visitors Monday to Sunday from 6am to 3pm, with no admittance after 1.30 pm. Visitors are not allowed to start climbing Mount Cristoffel after 10am.
There are eight hiking trails in the park, of which the Christoffel Mountain climb is the most challenging. Visitors are advised to attempt this climb early in the morning. There are four sealed roads through the park. Organised tours include a deer-spotting sunset tour, a pick-up safari, and the "Savonet history" tour.
The Savonet Museum is located in the plantation house near the entrance to Christoffelpark, and recounts the history of the Savonet plantation and its owners and slaves.
# 2007 Saitama gubernatorial election

The 2007 Saitama Gubernatorial elections were held on August 26, 2007. Incumbent Ueda Kiyoshi was re-elected for a second term, defeating Yoshikawa Haruko.

## Results

Gubernatorial election 2007: Saitama Prefecture :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Independent, | Kiyoshi Ueda | 1,093,480 | |
| | Independent, JCP | Yoshikawa Haruko | 389,875 | |
| | Independent, | Takeda Nobuhiro | 58,823 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 1,567,222 | 27.67 % |
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# Sjerstin Vermeulen

Sjerstin de Vries-Vermeulen (née Vermeulen, born 1972/73) is a Dutch former swimmer and equestrian, who competed at four Paralympic Games. She won five swimming medals at the 1988 Summer Paralympics, and won equestrian medals at the 2000 and 2004 Summer Paralympics in the mixed team dressage event.

## Personal life

Vermuelen is from Varik, Netherlands, and now lives in Ermelo, Netherlands. She was born with only one hand.

## Career

Vermeulen won two silver medals and three bronze medals in L6 classification swimming events at the 1988 Summer Paralympics. She came second in the 100m breaststroke L6, 100m backstroke L6 and 400m freestyle L6 events, and third in the 100m freestyle L6 and 200m individual medley L6 races.
In dressage, Vermeulen competed in the Grade IV classification. She competed in the dressage events at the 2000 Summer Paralympics. She came seventh and eighth in the individual events, and won a silver medal in the team event, alongside Gert Bolmer, Joop Stokkel and Ineke de Groot. At the 2004 Summer Paralympics, she came fifth and eighth in the individual dressage events, and won a bronze medal in the team dressage events, alongside Stokkel and Bolmer. Vermuelen initially failed to qualify for the 2008 Summer Paralympics dressage events on her horse Kenzo. After being recommended to change to the horse Sultano, she qualified for the Games. It was her fourth appearance at the Paralympics. She finished fourth and seventh in the individual events, and fifth in the team event. Her seventh place in the freestyle event made her the highest Dutch finisher in the competition. In 2009, she competed in the Netherlands National Championships in Breda.

## Post-career

In 2017, Vermeulen supervised a 12-hour trampolining session in Ermelo, to raise money for a 15-year-old club member. She now works as a coach at Stal Ermelo (Ermelo stables).
# Ivan Melnik

Ivan Yevgenyevich Melnik (Russian: Иван Евгеньевич Мельник; born 29 July 1991) is a former Russian football forward.

## Club career

He made his debut in the Russian Football National League for FC Ural Yekaterinburg on 9 July 2012 in a game against FC Petrotrest St. Petersburg. Overall, he played all 3 seasons of his pro career in the FNL.
# Operation Nasrat

vteWar in Afghanistan (2001–2021) :
Operation Nasrat ('Triumph') was a military campaign by the Taliban insurgency in September 2007. It was focused on targeting American and Coalition forces operating in Helmand and Kabul Province.
The start of the campaign was timed to coincide with the beginning of Ramadan, and it was announced that it would be led by commander Mullah Beradar, who had been reported killed by Coalition forces a month earlier.

## Timeline

The opening day of the operation saw three simultaneous attacks; one strike employed a suicide bomber detonating himself at a police station in Nad Ali District, killing four officers and three civilians. A British logistics convoyed was bombed in Gereshk, killing Cpl. Ivano Violino and destroying his Volvo FL-12 dumptruck. Meanwhile, gunmen killed Haji Merhjan Hadil, a cleric known for his support of the American-backed government.
On October 2, Helmand militant Abdullah Ghazi wore a stolen military uniform and tried to board a bus full of Afghan National Army soldiers, and detonated his explosive vest when confronted. The explosion killed 27 soldiers instantly, and three later died of their wounds.
On October 4, a command wire IED detonated as the British 1st Battalion RGR were returning to their base in Kandahar from a mission in Gereshk, killing Major Alexis Roberts. During the firefight that followed a Taliban mortar team were killed.
# Maurice Cardin

Maurice Cardin (July 19, 1909 – March 23, 2009) was an American politician who served in the Maryland House of Delegates from Baltimore City's 5th district from 1951 to 1966. His nephew is former Maryland U.S. Senator Ben Cardin, who took over his seat in the Maryland House of Delegates when he retired from politics.
He died of heart failure on March 23, 2009, in Lake Worth Beach, Florida at age 99.
# List of cities in Kerala by area

The article lists major cities in Kerala based on the total area coming under the jurisdiction of city corporations/municipalities. This list is based on the 2011 Census of India.
| Rank | City | Area in km$^2$ (corporation) |
| 1 | Thiruvananthapuram | 214.86 |
| 2 | Kozhikode | 118.58 |
| 3 | Kollam | 101.42 |
| 4 | Kochi | 94.88 |
| 5 | Kannur | 78.35 |
| 6 | Kottayam | 73.03 |
| 6 | Thrissur | 73.03 |
**Note:-
# 1943 Acton by-election

The 1943 Acton by-election was a by-election held on 14 December 1943 for the British House of Commons constituency of Acton in London.

## Background

The seat had become vacant after the death in October of the Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) Hubert Duggan. He had first been elected at the 1931 general election.
During World War II, the major parties had agreed an electoral pact under which they would not contest by-elections in seats held by their respective parties, and as a result many wartime by-elections resulting in a candidate being returned unopposed. However, other parties and independent politicians were free to field candidates.
The by-election was held on an electoral roll which had not been updated since 1937.

## Candidates

As of 19 November 1943, there were as many as seven candidates. Following the withdrawal of three candidates, the remaining candidates Walter Padley for the Independent Labour Party (ILP); Edward Godfrey who sought election as an 'English Nationalist'; Independent Dorothy Crisp who wrote for the Sunday Dispatch ; and the official Conservative candidate Henry Longhurst.
During the war Walter Padley had been a conscientious objector. In 1950 he was elected Labour Party MP for Ogmore and served until 1979.
Godfrey was founder of the English National Association, an organisation with alleged Fascist leanings.

## Result

The Conservative candidate, Henry Longhurst, was elected with a majority of 3,301 more votes than all his opponents combined.

## Votes

Acton by-election, 1943 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | Henry Longhurst | 5,014 | 60.3 | |
| | Ind. Labour Party | Walter Padley | 2,336 | 28.1 | New |
| | Independent | Dorothy Crisp | 707 | 8.5 | New |
| | Independent | Edward Godfrey | 258 | 3.1 | New |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 2,678 | 32.2 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 8,315 | | |
| | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Swing | | |
# 2023 Mexico City Metro train crash

A train crash occurred on 7 January 2023 at 09:16 CDT (UTC−5) when a Mexico City Metro train going northward towards Indios Verdes metro station crashed into another one that was parked inside the Potrero–La Raza interstation tunnel of Line 3, which runs below Avenida de los Insurgentes. The collision killed one person and injured 106 others, including the driver of the train that crashed.

## Background
### Metro system

The Sistema de Transporte Colectivo (STC) operates the Mexico City Metro, one of the busiest in the world, carrying around 4.5 million passengers a day. Commencing operations in 1969, it is the second-largest metro system in North America, after the New York City Subway system.
Prior to the crash, the system had shown signs of deterioration, with general concerns being expressed about its maintenance, which increased after Line 12's overpass collapse in southern Mexico City, which resulted in the deaths of 26 people in 2021. Previous accidents included a train crash at Tacubaya station caused by a train driver who disregarded parking guidelines and caused the train's brakes to fail, and a fire in the Metro's downtown headquarters where a police officer was killed, 30 people resulted hospitalized, and the lengthy suspension of service of six subway lines, including Line 3.
After conducting an investigation into the 2021 collapse of the bridge in Line 12, DNV, the company hired by the city government, came to the conclusion that the overpass collapsed because it was built without quality and safety standards and that buckling of the girders would have been discovered if maintenance checks had been performed. The report was labeled "biased" by Mexico City mayor Claudia Sheinbaum, who also questioned the firm's methodology for concluding that maintenance checks were not performed.

### Line 3

Line 3, also known as the Olive Line in reference to its color on the system map, runs from the northern borough of Gustavo A. Madero, to the south-central borough of Coyoacán. In 2022, it was the second most used line, servicing 117 million passengers. The line was the third one to be built; Ingeniería de Sistemas de Transportes Metropolitano, Electrometro, and Cometro, the latter a subsidiary of Empresas ICA, constructed it. It was inaugurated on 20 November 1970 by Gustavo Díaz Ordaz and ran from Tlatelolco to Hospital General stations; subsequently, it began a northward expansion, first to La Raza station and eventually to Indios Verdes station, which became its terminus on 1 December 1979.

## Train crash

On January 7, 2023, two trains collided between La Raza and Potrero on Metro Line 3.
# Daniel Rankin Steuart

Daniel Rankin Steuart FRSE FIC FCS (10 March 1848 – 1 August 1925) was a 19th/20th century Scottish industrial chemist.

## Life

He was born in Bogside, North Lanarkshire on 10 March 1848, the son of Sarah Whitehead (1805-1888), and her husband the elderly Alexander Steuart (1789-1865).
He studied chemistry at the University of Edinburgh under Prof Alexander Crum Brown. He then undertook postgraduate studies in Glasgow and Munich before joining the Oakbank Oil Works under George Beilby. In 1877 he was appointed Chief Chemist of the newly created Broxburn Oil Company.
In 1916 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were John Horne, Leonard Dobbin, Robert Kidston, and John Smith Flett. He lived at 11 Melville Crescent in Edinburgh's West End.
He retired in 1920 and died at 20 Hillview (Road?) in Blackhall, Edinburgh on 1 August 1925.

## Family

In 1883 he married Margaret Osborne (d.1907). They had three sons and two daughters. Their son Alexander Steuart became a famous clock-maker. Their youngest son 2nd Lt James William Harvie Steuart served in the Royal Scots during the First World War and was severely wounded in the Battle of Arras in April 1917, eventually dying of his wounds on 12 May 1920. He is buried in Ecclesmachan Cemetery.

## Publications

* Bygone Days (1936)
# Radu Mareș

Radu Mareș (March 3, 1941 – March 26, 2016) was a Romanian prose writer and journalist.
# John Barradell

John Bernard Barradell OBE (born 20 August 1960), served as Town Clerk and Chief Executive of the Corporation of London (2012–23).

## Career

Educated at Bishop Challoner School, he went up to UCL where he read geography (graduating BA).
Barradell pursued a career in the information and communication technology sector, playing a variety of marketing management roles for such companies as Unisys and Hewlett Packard.
Serving with the Special Police Force, he was promoted Chief Officer and was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2008 New Year Honours for "services to the police".
In 2002, Barradell joined Westminster City Council, being promoted Deputy Chief Executive, then Chief Executive 2006–09. Chief Executive of Brighton and Hove Council 2009-12, he became in 2012 Town Clerk of London, succeeding Chris Duffield.
He chairs the National Emergencies Trust and since 2016, he chairs the Sir Simon Milton Foundation, a charitable organisation set up to promote the vision of society developed by the Conservative politician Sir Simon Milton, Leader of Westminster City Council from 2000 to 2008.

### Town Clerk successor

Ian Thomas CBE succeeded as 51st Town Clerk of London in February 2023, after the ten-year tenure of John Barradell ended on 31 December 2022.
# Lazar C. Margulies

Lazar C. Margulies (1895 – 1982) was a physician who specialized in obstetrics and gynecology. He is best known for developing a type of safe intrauterine device (IUD) made of plastic.

## Biography

Margulies was born in Galicia, which later became part of Poland. He served in the Austro-Hungarian army in World War I in their medical corps. On 11 June 1919, while a student at University in Vienna, he married fellow medical student Rafaella Pomeranz. They had two children, Stephen (later Steven, born 28 April 1927) and Bibi (later Phoebe, born 30 December 1931). Margulies completed his studies at the University of Vienna in 1921. Following this, he continued his training while working as a gynecologist and obstetrician.
Margulies worked in Vienna from 1929 until 1938. Later, as the Nazi movement spread, because he was Jewish, he was arrested as a political prisoner and held in Buchenwald as inmate number 20124 in Block 20. On 17 February 1939 he was put into the standard striped clothing worn by inmates and given a new number 5585. He was released from Buchenwald on 28 April 1939 after his family had made plans to emigrate to Great Britain.
Margulies fled to Britain in 1940. In 1941 he emigrated to the United States where he settled in New York City. Margulies started working at Mount Sinai Medical Center in 1954.
Margulies was working in the obstetrics department of Mount Sinai in 1958 when he suggested his idea for a new IUD to the head of the department, Alan F. Guttmacher. Margulies has successfully used IUDs in Berlin. Guttmacher approved Margulies' idea to create a safer type of IUD using plastic. Margulies developed a spiral-shaped IUD in 1960. It was made of thermoplastic and introduced in a thin tube and then inserted with a plastic plunger. After it was expelled from its tubing, the plastic IUD retained its shape inside the uterus. The method of insertion Margulies developed meant that a woman's cervix did not have to be dilated for the insertion to take place. Margulies' method solved many problems inherent in metallic IUDs. Guttmacher allowed Margulies to do clinical trials which were successful. Margulies presented the clinical results and demonstrated the plastic IUD at the first international symposium on IUDs in New York in 1962. His invention was patented in 1965 and assigned to Mount Sinai by Margulies.
Margulies died in 1982 of a cerebral hemorrhage in Manhattan.