OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Atef Adwan

Atef Ibrahim Mohammad Adwan (Arabic: عاطف ابراهيم محمد عدوان), also spelled Odwan, Udwan or Edwan (nom de Guerre Abu Sharif), is the Minister of Refugees in the Palestinian Authority, having been named to this position following the Hamas victory in the 2006 Palestinian legislative election, when he was elected from the Northern Gaza District.
Adwan was born in 1952 in the town of Beit Hanoun, in the far north of the Gaza Strip, where he still resides, to a well-educated family. He earned a higher diploma in political science in Lebanon, probably in the early 1970s, a bachelor's degree in political science from the College of Economics and Political Sciences in Cairo in 1978, followed by a graduate diploma from the Center for Arab Research and Studies at the Beirut Arab University, and master’s and a PhD from British universities between 1983 and 1987. He became an associate professor in 1996 and a professor in political science in 2001 at the Islamic University of Gaza in Gaza City.
In addition to his political posts, he is acting chairman of the Islamic Society in Beit Hanoun, preaches weekly at the Omar Bin Abed Al-Aziz mosque, and has published books and research papers on political issues such as the relationships between the Jews and the Muslims in the early stages of Islam.
Adwan has been arrested several times by the Israeli government for alleged terrorist activities and the PLO-led Palestinian Authority for political activism through the years. In 1992 he was deported to Marj Al-Zuhour in Southern Lebanon/
He was the Minister of State for Refugee affairs in Palestinian Authority Government of March 2006.
# Qalqas

Qalqas or Qilqis (Arabic: قلقس) is a Palestinian village located four kilometers south of Hebron and adjacent to Beit Hagai. The village is in the Hebron Governorate Southern West Bank. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, the village had a population of 1,709 in 2017. The primary health care facilities for the village are designated by the Ministry of Health as level 1.

## History

French explorer Victor Guérin visited the place in 1863, and described it as "the ruins of a large village".
In 1883, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine called the place Khurbet Kilkis. It was described as having "walls and cisterns, and rock-cut tombs".
# John S. Preston

John Smith Preston (April 20, 1809 – May 1, 1881) was a wealthy planter, soldier, and attorney who became prominent in South Carolina politics in the 19th century. An ardent secessionist, he was the state's delegate dispatched to help convince the Virginia Secession Convention to join South Carolina in seceding from the antebellum Union in the months prior to the start of the American Civil War.

## Biography

Preston was born at "Salt Works," a sprawling estate owned by a prominent military family near Abingdon, Virginia. He was a son of General Francis Preston and Sarah Buchanan (Campbell) Preston. He graduated from Hampden-Sydney College in 1824, and then studied law at the University of Virginia and Harvard College. He passed his bar exam and established a practice in Abingdon. On April 28, 1830, he married Caroline Hampton, a daughter of South Carolina's wealthiest planter, Wade Hampton. They eventually had eight children.
Preston took up residence in Columbia, South Carolina, and established a legal practice there. He later invested heavily in a sugar plantation, The Houmas, near Baton Rouge, Louisiana, which prospered and gained him substantial wealth.
Preston joined the Democratic Party and was elected to the South Carolina State Senate for several successive terms, serving from 1848 until 1856. He was a delegate from South Carolina to 1860 Democratic National Convention. He was also the state's delegate dispatched to help convince the Virginia Secession Convention to join South Carolina in seceding from the antebellum Union in the months prior to the start of the Civil War.
During the early part of the war, Preston served as an aide to General P.G.T. Beauregard. He later accepted a commission as an officer in the Confederate Army and headed the bureau of conscription in Richmond. In 1864 he was promoted to brigadier general. His fashionable mansion, the Hampton-Preston House, was seized by the Union Army during the 1865 occupation of Columbia and used as the headquarters of Maj. Gen. John A. Logan.
After the war, Preston traveled to England, not returning to the United States until 1868. He remained a strong defender of the Confederacy until the end of his life.
Preston died in Columbia on May 1, 1881. Interment was at the Trinity Cathedral Cemetery in Columbia.
# Gus Young (activist)

Gustav Young (September 10, 1909 – March 19, 1969) was a prominent civil rights leader in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. In 1932, Young was one of only three blacks in East Baton Rouge Parish registered to vote. He was a member of the board of directors of his local National Association for the Advancement of Colored People chapter and his city's Bi-Racial Committee. He was a member of St. John Missionary Baptist Church and the Freemasons.
Gus Young Avenue (formally Capitol Avenue) in Baton Rouge is named for him. He is interred at the Gilbert Cemetery in Baton Rouge by descendants from his childhood and is a former military Rouge.

## Early life

Gus Young was born September 10, 1909, in Zachary, Louisiana. He was educated in the segregated black schools and received a high school diploma equivalent from the Humble Oil and Refining Company.

## Civil rights activism

Young led the first voter registration drives in the Baton Rouge black community. In 1938, he founded the First Ward Voters League. He also worked to improve sanitary conditions in black sections of Baton Rouge.
Young was one of the leaders of the 1953 Baton Rouge bus boycott.
# Tom Trana

Tom Trana (29 November 1937 – 17 May 1991), was a Swedish motor rally driver. This Värmland sportsman was Volvo's counterpart to Saab's Erik Carlsson ("Carlsson på taket" - "Carlsson on the roof"). It has been said that he had to drive the rear-wheel drive Volvo more enthusiastically than Carlsson, with the front-wheel drive Saab.

## Early life

Trana was born in Kristinehamn, Sweden, on 29 November 1937. His father was Ivar Trana, who was an engineer at Albin Motor in Kristinehamn.

## Career

Originally a Volvo mechanic, Trana started his career in his hometown in the 1950s through Einar Nyqvist. He showed strong driving performances with his own Volvo P1800 and with a British BMC vehicle. He came to the attention of the Volvo works team and its leader, Gunnar Andersson, himself twice European Rally Championship, as early as 1962. For 1963, he was given a works drive and won the British RAC Rally in the same season. Volvo won the European Rally Championship in 1963 with a special 122S. Also in 1963 a 122S driven by Tom Trana finished a very close second to Jaguar in the European Touring Car Championship.
A year later, Trana was again the overall RAC Rally winner. He achieved further wins in the 1964 Acropolis Rally in Greece in 1964 and in his home event, the Swedish Rally in 1965. These achievements earned him a definitive place in the top league of motor sport and the nickname the "Horseman of the Apocalypse".
Soon thereafter, the Swede was in collision with a transporter and his co-driver Gunnar Thermaenius died. Trana was cleared of any guilt, in the subsequent legal proceedings. Nevertheless, he changed from daredevil to careful driver, who could still be very fast but without the conquering carefreeness that is linked to success. In addition, Volvo withdrew its works team for more than ten years, following a further fatal accident on the 1966 Akropolis Rally, in which two mechanics died. It continued to provide generous support for private entrants, however. Tom Trana changed to Saab for 1967, which resulted in relative success, including a win in the 1967 Norwegian Rally. He also took the Swedish Championship, in 1968. He rallied with Saab until 1972, when he finally hung up his helmet and retired from rallying.

## Postscript

Tom Trana died on 17 May 1991 at age 51.
Volvo only officially returned to motor sport at the end of the 1970s, sending the Volvo R-Team (R stood for Rallycross, Rallying and Racing) to the FIA Rallycross European Championships of the years 1978 to 1980. Driven by Per-Inge Walfridsson, the legitimate successor to Tom Trana as a representative of the Swedish car maker, Volvo succeeded in 1980 (with a 343 Turbo) against the Norwegian Martin Schanche (Ford Escort RS 1800) and won the Rallycross EC title.
# Elhadj Oumar Traoré

Elhadj Oumar Traoré is a Guinean politician. As of 2009, he was the regional president of the Nzérékoré Region of Guinea in the south-east.
# De Beers antitrust litigation

The De Beers diamonds antitrust class action sought to end an alleged 60-year conspiracy to fix the price of rough diamonds in the U.S. by the De Beers group of companies. The litigation includes several cases including Hopkins v. De Beers Centenary A.G., et al., No. CGC-04-432954, which commenced on July 24, 2004, and Sullivan v. DB Investments, No. 04-cv-02819, and earlier related cases that commenced in 2001.

## Allegations

The complaints charged that De Beers had created a global cartel in the markets of rough and polished diamonds – with a market share that reached nearly as high as 90% – through aggressive management of supply and prices, and collusive agreements with competitors, suppliers, and distributors. This was a quintessential antitrust violation of the Sherman Act.

## Settlement agreement

In October 2005, the parties reached a preliminary agreement to settle the claims of all indirect purchasers nationwide, with Sullivan serving as the procedural vehicle for seeking court approval of the settlement, notice and claims administration. Working out the details took three years between Plaintiffs' Counsel and De Beers. On April 14, 2008, the Court conducted a fairness hearing and on May 27, 2008, granted final approval to the settlement.
The settlement provides $295 million to purchasers of diamonds and diamond jewelry, including $130 million to consumers. In addition, De Beers consented to a historic injunction that prohibits De Beers from monopolizing the world supply of rough diamonds and from fixing the price of polished diamonds. The injunction also requires De Beers to submit to the continuing jurisdiction of the United States District Court for enforcement of the injunction. Commenting on the case, plaintiff's counsel Eric B. Fastiff of Lieff Cabraser stated that De Beers' offer to settle "showed that our strategy was correct. If you put litigation pressure and represent your client vigorously, eventually a guilty defendant will recognize that it needs to resolve its problems."
On May 21, 2012, the U.S. Supreme Court denied the final petition for review. Pursuant to an Order of the Court, Initial Distribution checks were mailed to Authorized Reseller Claimants on August 31, 2012. The remaining proceeds of the Reseller Subclass Net Settlement Fund were distributed to Authorized Reseller Claimants on March 15, 2013. As of November 24, 2015, distribution of settlement funds has been completed and the case is now closed.
# Milíře

Milíře (German: Brand, Tachauer Brand) is a municipality and village in Tachov District in the Plzeň Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.

## Administrative division

Milíře consists of two municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
* Milíře (206)
* Zadní Milíře (44)

## Etymology

The name literally means 'charcoal piles' in Czech.

## Geography

Milíře is located about 6 kilometres (4 mi) west of Tachov and 58 km (36 mi) west of Plzeň. It lies in the Upper Palatinate Forest. The highest point is at 750 m (2,460 ft) above sea level.

## History

The first written mention of Milíře is from 1669. Zadní Milíře was first mentioned in 1778.
In 1946, most German-speaking inhabitants were expelled. After the war, the area was only partly repopulated.

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1869 | 1,859 | — |
| 1880 | 1,814 | −2.4% |
| 1890 | 1,843 | +1.6% |
| 1900 | 1,852 | +0.5% |
| 1910 | 1,910 | +3.1% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1921 | 1,825 | −4.5% |
| 1930 | 1,720 | −5.8% |
| 1950 | 328 | −80.9% |
| 1961 | 448 | +36.6% |
| 1970 | 359 | −19.9% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1980 | 93 | −74.1% |
| 1991 | 81 | −12.9% |
| 2001 | 198 | +144.4% |
| 2011 | 235 | +18.7% |
| 2021 | 250 | +6.4% |
Source: Censuses :

## Transport

There are no railways or major roads passing through the municipality.

## Sights

The main landmark of Milíře is the Church of Saints Peter and Paul. It was built in the Neoclassical style in 1814–1816. Together with the rectory, school, memorial cross and World War I memorial, it forms a valuable set of historical buildings.
# 1999 Delta State gubernatorial election

The 1999 Delta State gubernatorial election occurred in Nigeria on January 9, 1999. The PDP nominee James Ibori won the election, defeating the APP candidate.
James Ibori emerged PDP candidate.

## Electoral system

The Governor of Delta State is elected using the plurality voting system.

## Primary election
### PDP primary

The PDP primary election was won by James Ibori.

## Results

The total number of registered voters in the state was 1,547,685. Total number of votes cast was 911,605, while number of valid votes was 899,287. Rejected votes were 12,318.
| Candidate | Candidate | Party | Votes | % |
| | James Ibori | People's Democratic Party | 558,332 | 65.28 |
| | All People's Party | 296,902 | 34.72 |
| Total | Total | Total | 855,234 | 100.00 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | Valid votes | 855,234 | 98.58 |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 12,318 | 1.42 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 867,552 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 1,547,685 | 56.05 |
| Source: Nigeria World, IFES, Semantics Scholar |||||
# Muchocinek

Muchocinek is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Międzychód, within Międzychód County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) west of Międzychód and 80 km (50 mi) west of the regional capital Poznań.
# Lars Johansson (sailor)

Lars Johansson (born 1 March 1953) is a Swedish sailor. He competed in the 470 event at the 1976 Summer Olympics.
# Antoine de Gramont, 1st Duke of Gramont

Antoine de Gramont, 1st Duke of Gramont (1572–1644) was a member of minor French nobility by birth. Created the 1st Duke of Gramont in 1643 by King Louis XIV, he was automatically a Peer. His granddaughter Catherine Charlotte de Gramont married Louis I, Prince of Monaco, making Antoine a direct ancestor of the present reigning Albert II of Monaco. Though created the 1st Duke of Gramont, the creation of the title was not officially registered in Parliament before his death, so his son had to petition for the dukedom to be recognised. His mother had been royal mistress of King Henri III of Navarre (the future Henri IV of France) between 1582 and 1591.

## First marriage

He married Louise de Roquelaure, daughter of Antoine de Roquelaure
Antoine and Louise had two sons:
* Antoine (1604–1678), numbered Antoine III, who became the 2nd duc de Gramont
* Roger (died 1629), who was known as comte de Louvigny

## Second marriage

In 1618, he married Claude de Montmorency of the House of Montmorency.
Antoine and Claude had two sons:
* Henri (died 1679), Count of Toulongeon
* Philibert (1621-1707), courtier
—and four daughters
* Susanne-Charlotte (1627–1688), married Henri Mitte, Marquis of Saint-Chamond
* Anne-Louise (died 1666), married Isaac de Pas, Marquis of Feuquière
* Françoise-Marguerite, married Philippe, Marquis of Lons
* Charlotte-Catherine (died 1714), became abbess of Notre-Dame-du-Ronceray at Angers.

## Arms

* Écartelé, au I et IV, de gueules à trois fasce ondées d'or ; aux Iet III, cousu de gueules à trois jumelles d'argent ; sur-le-tout, contre-écartelé : au 1, d'or, au lion d'azur, armé et lampassé de gueules (Gramont) ; au 2, de gueules, à trois flèches d'or, armées et empennées d'argent, 2 et 1, les pointes en bas (Asté); au 3, d'or, à un lévrier de gueules, colleté d'azur, à l'orle de sable, semée de besants d'or (Aure) ; au 4, d'argent à un chef endenté d'azur.
# Bridget Donahue

Bridget Donahue is an American gallerist and curator.

## Education

Donahue's studies include a B.A. in anthropology and M.A. in textiles. Her work with textiles led her to the art of Rosemarie Trockel, and in turn, led Ms. Donahue to a position at the Gladstone Gallery, which represents Trockel.

## Career

After the Gladstone Gallery, Donahue worked at the D’Amelio Terras Gallery before becoming a gallery director at Gavin Brown's Enterprise. In 2008, she co-founded the Brooklyn gallery space Cleopatra’s with three friends.

### Bridget Donahue

In 2015, Donahue opened her eponymous gallery in Manhattan's Lower East Side, which made a number of “Best of 2015” lists from publications such as The New York Times and Art in America magazine. Bridget Donahue represents and shows contemporary artists including, as of 2019; Lisa Alvarado, Susan Cianciolo, Lynn Hershman Leeson, Satoshi Kojima, Monique Mouton, Sondra Perry, Jessi Reaves, John Russell, Olga Balema Martine Syms, and Mark Van Yetter. Two gallery artists were included in the 2017 Whitney Biennial: Jessi Reaves and Susan Cianciolo. Martine Syms and Olga Balema were included in the 2019 Whitney Biennial curated by Rujeko Hockley and Jane Panetta.
# 2021 Baghdad clashes

The 2021 Baghdad clashes were a civil conflict between Iraqi protesters and Iraqi security forces following the 2021 Iraqi election. The protestors were supporters of Iran-backed militias and political parties. The clashes left two dead and more than 125 injured.

## Background

The violence was fueled by the results of the 2021 Iraqi election which took place in October. Supporters of pro-Iranian groups, which suffered large losses in the polls, tried to storm the Green Zone, they threw stones at security forces, who fired tear gas and shot in the air to disperse the crowd. The protestors were mainly people affiliated with Iran-backed militias and Pro-Iran political parties. Some of the militias were Kata'ib Hezbollah, Asaib Ahl al-Haq, Badr Organization (militia wing), Kata'ib al-Imam Ali and Quwat al-Shaheed al-Sadr (militia wing of the Islamic Dawa Party), which are all part of the PMF. Some of the political parties were the Islamic Dawa Party, and the Fatah Alliance, which includes the Badr Organisation (political wing), the Al-Sadiqoun Bloc (the political wing of Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq), and much more, the Fatah Alliance are all close allies of the PMF.

## Clashes

It was the first major clash between in Iraq since the election. Protesters threw stones and tried storming into the Green Zone, an area in Baghdad which holds all government buildings and embassies. Protesters threw projectiles and blocked all access to the Green Zone, until police pushed them out. Police fired at the protesters and also used tear gas. Security forces were accused of burning tents set up by protesters.

## Aftermath

The clashes left 125 people injured and two people dead. 21 protesters were injured by smoke inhalation, and nine police officers were hurt from getting stones thrown at them. Prime Minister Mustafa Al-Kadhimi ordered a full investigation into the events, while President Barham Salih called for restraint. Nouri Al-Maliki, former Prime Minister of Iraq, said on Twitter that “protesters were ‘claiming their legitimate rights’, but should not have fueled the violence and should’ve avoided provoking security forces in the first place”. Qais al-Khazali, leader of the Iran-backed Asaib Ahl al-Haq, condemned the violence and urged justice for the wounded demonstrators. In Khazali’s own words, “Whoever they were, they must be held accountable”, referring to the security forces.
Two days later on the 7 November, an assassination attempt was made on Prime Minister Mustafa Al-Kadhimi via a drone strike. The PM survived the attack unharmed but resulted in six of his bodyguards being injured. The security forces opened fire on demonstrators, leading to at least two deaths. The assassination attempt was connected to these protests, as a militia source who requested to remain anonymous said it was done by a Shia militia, most likely Kataib Hezbollah or Asaib Ahl al-Haq. The weapons used in the assassination attempt were made in Iran.
# 1999 Kano State gubernatorial election

The 1999 Kano State gubernatorial election occurred in Nigeria on January 9, 1999. People's Democratic Party (PDP) candidate Rabiu Kwankwaso won the election, defeating All People's Party (APP) Magaji Abdullahi and other candidates.

## Results

Rabiu Kwankwaso from the PDP won the election. Magaji Abdullahi and AD candidate contested in the election.
The total number of registered voters in the state was 3,680,990, total votes cast was 943,189, valid votes was 908,956 and rejected votes was 34,233.
* Rabiu Kwankwaso, (PDP)- 587,619
* Magaji Abdullahi, APP- 311,218
* AD- 10,119
# Didier Haudepin

Didier Haudepin (born 15 August 1951) is a French actor, film producer, director and screenwriter. He has appeared in 44 films and television shows, and plays since 1960. His film Those Were the Days was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1995 Cannes Film Festival. He is most well known for his lead role in Les amitiés particulières, the film adaptation of the eponymous novel by Roger Peyrefitte, as Alexandre Motier.

## Selected filmography

* Seven Days... Seven Nights (1960)
* Les amitiés particulières (1964)
* The Uninhibited (1965)
* Cotolay (1966)
* Promise at Dawn (1970)
* A Time for Loving (1971)
* L'innocente (1976)
* No Trifling with Love (1977)
* Those Were the Days (1995 – directed)
# Alexis Hall (writer)

Alexis Hall is an English author of urban fantasy, science fiction, and LGBTQ romance. His novels include Boyfriend Material, The Affair of the Mysterious Letter, and others.
His work has been nominated for the 26th Lambda Literary Awards, 28th Lambda Literary Awards, and 29th Lambda Literary Awards in the category of Gay Romance.

## Career

Alexis Hall has held a variety of jobs, "including ice cream maker, fortune teller, lab technician, and professional gambler." A published author since 2013, he had four newly released romance books in 2022.
In 2021 Sourcebooks obtained the rights to Hall's Spires series, re-releasing the original 4 installments followed by two new stand-alone romances in the series.
In 2022, Paramount Pictures' Original Film production company obtained the rights to Rosaline Palmer Takes the Cake. Cameron Fuller, Gregg Sulkin, and Maisie Richardson-Sellers were attached to executive produce.
In 2024, For Real was listed on Oprah Daily's 25 Greatest Romance Novels of All Time.
# Emma Johansson (orienteer)

Emma Johansson (born 7 October 1981) is a Swedish orienteering competitor.
She won a bronze medal in the middle distance at the 2015 World Orienteering Championships in Inverness.