OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Azhdahak (volcano)

Azhdahak (Armenian: Աժդահակ) is a volcano in Armenia, the highest point of Gegham mountains. It has an elevation of 3,597 m above sea. It is part of the Gegham Ridge volcanic field, which last erupted at 1900 BC ± 1000 years.
There is a lake in the crater of volcano Azhdahak that is formed from melting snow. From the top of the mountain opens the pictorial landscape of mountains Ararat, Hatis, Ara, Aragats, Lake Sevan, the whole Gegham mountains and the Kotayk valley.
In the surroundings of Azhdahak there is a lake, Akna (Armenian: Ակնալիճ Aknalich), of volcanic origin. “Akn” means "spring (water)" in Armenian.

## Geology

The compound scoria cone of Azhdahak is up to 1600m in diameter and about 370m high. The total area of volcanic lavas, partly eroded and overlapped by the streams of tar, is around 8 square km. The cone is formed of scoria, lapilli, sands, volcanic ash, debris, lava boulders, and volcanic bombs.

## Fauna and flora

Bird fauna of Gegham Mountain Range includes about 250 species, what makes up 70% of all Armenia's avifauna. Stony slopes are an irreplaceable habitat for birds of prey, such as:
* Golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos)
* Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus)
* Cinereous vulture (Aegypius monachus)
* Imperial eagle (Aquila heliaca)
* Griffon vulture (Gyps fulvus)
* Bearded vulture (Gypaetus barbatus)
On the snow-covered slopes, traces of brown bear (Ursus arctos) are often found.
The following plants are typically found in the Gegham Mountains area and surroundings of Azhdahak:
* Jurinea moschus
* Arabis caucasica
* Catsfoot diclinous (Antennaria dioica),
* Gentiana pontica
* Red everlasting (Helichrysum pallasii),
* Lady's-mantle (Alchemilla grossheimii),
* Alpine cinquefoil (Potentilla crantzi),
* Sibbaldia (Sibbaldia parviflora),
* Merendera Radde (Colchicum raddeanum),
* Oxytrope Lazica (Oxytropis lazica),
* Vavilovia Oshe (Lathyrus formosus)

## Rock carvings

A great number of petroglyphs – carvings have been found in the surroundings of Azhdahak. Most images depict men in scenes of hunting and fighting, as well as astronomical bodies and phenomena: the Sun, the Moon, constellations, the stellar sky, lightning, etc.

## Settlements near Azhdahak

In Gegham mountains are engaged the cattle breeding people called Yazidi – one of national minorities of Armenia, who move to the mountains for the summer and live in tents with families and even with infants. The Yazidis are an ethno-confessional group, whose main identity is religion; Yazidism or Sharfadin. Nomadic stockbreeding is their major occupation. The Yazidi society is a caste system including three main components: the Shaykhs, the Pirs (clergy) and murids (laymen).

## Tourism and hiking

The beauty of the Azhdahak surroundings have long attracted tourists. However, the probability of running across each other different hiking groups is insignificant. It depends on the remoteness from the civilization, orientation complexities, that aggravate with weather condition factors, such as: thunder and lightning, hail and snow, fog with visibility down to 2-3m.
# Mount Welel

Mount Welel (also known as Tullu Welel) is a mountain in southwestern Ethiopia. Located in the Mirab Welega Zone of the Oromia Region, it has an elevation of 3,301 metres (10,830 ft) above sea level. Characterized by twin peaks, Welel is the highest point in the Zone and Hawa Welele woreda.

## Human history

The name of the mountain is Oromo in origin, and the people of the Oromia region considered it sacred. According to author Mohammed Hassan, they named the peak after a mountain in Meda Welabu, which he considers to have been "the region of Borana dispersal in the early sixteenth century".
The Dutch explorer Juan Maria Schuver reached Mount Welel August 1882, but he declined to attempt to climb it, explaining in his memoirs that "an escort of 100 men would have been needed to reach the top, as the mountain and a large extent of the forest around it, are inhabited by fugitive slaves and criminals from different tribes."
In his book In Search of King Solomon's Mines, Tahir Shah explains that he first learned of this mountain in the memoirs of the explorer Frank Hayter, The Gold of Ethiopia, which was written in 1936. In the book, Hayter claimed to have found a shaft full of gold in the mountain, which he claims was the source of the wealth of the Queen of Sheba, but misfortune prevented him from benefiting from his discovery. Although in an interview with Richard Pankhurst he learns that Hayter is "rather unreliable", locating this mountain becomes Tahir Shah's goal in his further travels through Ethiopia, which he eventually reaches. When he reaches Begi, the locals warn him that the mountain is the home of the Devil; when he reaches the base of Mount Welel, he finds the land almost empty of people, and that the locals apparently sell the local crops to people in Gambela because they believe the harvest to be poisonous. In the penultimate chapter he describes reaching the mountain and finding a cave entrance, although at first he believes it is the entrance to the mines Hayter claimed to have discovered, upon investigation it took him no further than 20 feet into the mountain.
# Loleza Mountain

Loleza Peak is a 2,809-metre-high (9,216 ft) mountain in Mbeya Region, Tanzania, East Africa. It is located in the Mbeya Range, just north of the city of Mbeya. It is the type locale for the moth Zamarada loleza.
# Ynnakh Mountain

Ynnakh Mountain, also known as Arga Ynnakh Khaya (Russian: Арга Ыннах Хая), Gora Ulakhan Ynnakh (Russian: Гора Улахан Ыннах) and as Mother Mountain (Russian: Мать-Гора), is a mountain in Verkhoyansky District, Yakutia, Russian Federation.
The mountain has been classified as a natural monument of Russia with number 1420068. It is an important mountain in Yakut culture, where the word "Ynnakh" comes from Yakut: Ыыннаах, meaning scary, creepy.

## Geography

Ynnakh Mountain is a granite massif located north of the Yana Plateau between the Yana River and the Adycha, a right hand tributary of the Yana. The mountain rises at the western limit of the Chersky Range, near the eastern foothills of the Verkhoyansk Range, a few miles to the southeast of Ese-Khayya.
The height of the summit is 1,609 metres (5,279 ft) according to the Operational Navigation Chart. According to other sources it is 1,622 metres (5,322 ft) high. The mineral kesterite is found in the mountain.

## Flora

There is sparse forest in the lower slopes and at the feet of the mountain. Mid and higher elevations have mountain tundra with mosses and lichens.
# Mount Kaputjugh

Kaputjugh (Armenian: Կապուտջուղ, lit. 'blue branch'; Azerbaijani: Qapıcıq, lit. 'small door, entrance') is the highest mountain in the Zangezur range, forming the border between the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan and the Syunik Province of Armenia. It has an elevation of 3,905 metres (12,812 ft).
# Laila Peak (Caucasus)

Mount Laila, Lahili (Georgian: ლაჰილი), Lailchala (Georgian: ლაილჭალა) but also known as Lahla, is the highest peak of the Svaneti Range in Georgia. The elevation of the summit is 4,009 metres (13,153 ft) above sea level. Lahili's geological makeup mostly consists of Upper Palaeozoic-Triassic quartzite, metamorphic rock and sandstone. The mountain is covered by snow and ice. The northern slope of the summit contains several valley glaciers; notably, the Lahili Glacier descends from the summit down to an elevation of 2,220 metres (7,283 ft) above sea level.
# Phnom Aural

Phnom Aural (Khmer: ភ្នំឱរ៉ាល់), also spelled Phnom Aoral, is the tallest peak in Cambodia. It is 1,813 meters tall (other sources give elevations between 1,771 and 1,667 meters). It is in the eastern part of the Cardamom Mountains.
To protect the biodiversity of the mountains, Phnom Aural Wildlife Sanctuary was established in 1993.
This mountain in located in Aoral District, Kampong Speu Province.
# Mount Tambuyukon

Mount Tambuyukon or Tamboyukon (Malay: Gunung Tambuyukon, Dusun: Nulu Tambuyukon) is a mountain located at the West Coast and Kudat divisions of Sabah, Malaysia (located on the tripoints of three districts namely Ranau, Kota Belud as well as Kota Marudu). It is considered the third-highest mountain in the country with height at 2,579 metres (8,461 ft), lying north of the highest Mount Kinabalu.

## Geology

The glaciated summit plateaus and Pleistocene glacial tills of the Kinabalu area including similar deposits near to Mount Tambuyukon indicate that the summits of Tambuyukon, Kinabalu and possibly Trusmadi were significantly higher than other parts of the Crocker Range by the Pleistocene. Together with Mount Kinabalu, it is part of the Wariu Formation.

## Biodiversity

The mountain supports a wide range of unique flora and fauna, including a number of pitcher plant species of the genus Nepenthes. A mammal survey in 2012 and 2013 from 300 metres (984 ft) to the summit, recorded the second known population of the summit rat, and a total of 44 mammal species.

## Features

There are two climbing trails towards the mountain summit, one from Monggis village and the other from the Sabah Parks substation in the same village, both located in the Kota Marudu district with permission from the park authority needing to be obtained before the climbing. The mountain is considered one of Sabah's ecotourism destinations, albeit minorly.
* The mountain peak signboard.
* The mountain trail.
* Trees on the mountain.
# Mount Siple

Mount Siple (/ˈsaɪpəl/ SIGH-p'l) is a potentially active Antarctic shield volcano, rising to 3,162 metres (10,374 ft) and dominating the northwest part of Siple Island, which is separated from the Bakutis Coast, Marie Byrd Land, by the Getz Ice Shelf. Its youthful appearance strongly suggests that it last erupted in the Holocene. It is capped by a 4-by-5-kilometre (2.5 mi × 3.1 mi) summit caldera, and tuff cones lie on the lower flanks. Recely Bluff is on the northeast slope of the mountain, about 7 nautical miles (13 km) from the peak. Its volume of 1,800 cubic kilometres (430 cu mi) is comparable to that of Mount Erebus.
Mount Siple is named after Paul A. Siple (1908–68), a US Antarctic explorer and geographer who took part in six Antarctic expeditions, including the two Byrd expeditions of 1928–30 and 1933–35 (Siple Coast, Siple Island). He was in command of the West Base of the US Antarctic Service (USAS), 1939–41, and was navigator on all major exploratory flights from the base, including the flight on which Mount Siple was discovered.
The volcano was visited in February 2017 as part of the Swiss Polar Institute's Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition. Al Jazeera English Science and Technology editor Tarek Bazley was on board and filed a news report on his visit to a colony of Adele penguins breeding there.
# Mount Foster

Mount Foster is a peak rising to 2,025 metres (6,644 ft) in the Imeon Range on Smith Island in the South Shetland Islands of the British Antarctic Territory. It is the highest point of the South Shetland Islands archipelago. Mount Foster has triple peaks of which Mount Foster proper is the southernmost, the central one is Evlogi Peak (2,024 m), and the northern one is Antim Peak (1,995 m). The first ascent was made by Greg Landreth and his team comprising Brice Dowrick, Dan Mannix and Roger Thompson on 29-30 January 1996.
The feature is named after Captain Henry Foster, commander of HMS Chanticleer who explored the South Shetlands in 1829.

## Elevation

Traditionally, the elevation of Mount Foster was put at 2,105 metres (6,906 ft). However, according to the American high accuracy Reference Elevation Model of Antarctica (REMA) edition 2022, the actual elevation (at 2-meter spatial resolution) is 2,025 m, just 1 m higher than the adjacent Evlogi Peak.

## Location

Mount Foster is linked by Zavet Saddle (elevation 1,350 m) to Slaveykov Peak to the southwest and by a saddle of elevation 1,899 m to Evlogi Peak to the north-northeast. It surmounts Bistra Glacier to the west, Chuprene Glacier to the north-northwest, Rupite Glacier to the east, Landreth Glacier to the southeast and Dragoman Glacier to the south-southeast. The peak is located 5.45 km northeast of Riggs Peak, 2.78 km south-southeast of Garmen Point, 7.64 km southwest of Mount Pisgah and 3.86 km north-northwest of Ivan Asen Point (Bulgarian mapping in 2009).

## Maps

* Chart of South Shetland including Coronation Island, &c. from the exploration of the sloop Dove in the years 1821 and 1822 by George Powell Commander of the same. Scale ca. 1:200000. London: Laurie, 1822
* L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands. Scale 1:120000 topographic map. Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2010. ISBN 978-954-92032-9-5 (First edition 2009. ISBN 978-954-92032-6-4)
* South Shetland Islands: Smith and Low Islands. Scale 1:150000 topographic map No. 13677. British Antarctic Survey, 2009
* Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). Since 1993, regularly upgraded and updated
* L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Smith Island. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2017. ISBN 978-619-90008-3-0
# Banasura Hill

Banasura Hill is situated in Padinjarathara and it is one of the tallest mountains in the Western Ghats of the Wayanad district, Kerala, India. The hill is named after Banasura, a mythical character of Indian legends. It is one of the highest peaks exceeding 2,000m between Nilgiris and Himalayas after Chembra Peak.

## Geography

Banasura Hill has an altitude of 2,073 metres (6,801 ft) and is a part of the Western Ghats. It is the northernmost peak higher than 2,000 metres (6,562 ft) south of the Gangetic plains in India. It lies off the state highway from Kuttiady to Mananthavady. Mananthavady which lies 25 km away is the closest town and the closest state transport depot. The closest National Highway is NH 766 that passes through Kalpetta which is about 37 km away.

## Trekking routes and visitor information

Along the way there is a thunderous waterfall that locals call "Meenmutty".Trekking pass should be collected from Meenmutty falls ticket counter itself.Ticket counter will close at 11 AM.Only limited tickets are issued per day.It is a good three-hour climb to the top of the hill. The view from there is spectacular. At the foot of the hill is the Banasura Sagar Dam, the largest earth dam in India. The dam is another point from where one can start the trek up Banasura Hill.

## Flora and fauna

The narrow trail that leads up to the top of the hill winds through thick tropical vegetation. The flora includes some rare medicinal plants. The fauna found en route consist of monkeys, wild boars, deer and wild elephants.

## Tribes and local history

There are four tribal settlements at the foot of the Banasura Hill belonging largely to the Kurichiya tribe. The Kurichiyas have a martial tradition, and are experts with the bow and arrow. When Kerala Varma Pazhassi Raja revolted against the British for imposing exorbitant tax on agricultural products, and fled to the forests of Wayanad to fight a long-drawn guerilla war against them, it was to these Kurichiya tribesmen that the Pazhassi Raja turned for support. The Pazhassi Raja used their knowledge of the topography of the area to inflict defeats on the British forces. The rugged and thickly forested terrain around Banasura Hill with numerous caves, streams and watercourses formed an ideal hiding place for the Pazhassi Raja. In modern days, the higher elevations are inhabited by descendants of the Pazhassi Raja who have set up an intricate system of Ziplines and swinging ropes to traverse the network of tree houses they've constructed.
# Radivoj

Radivoj (Serbian Cyrillic: Радивој) is a Serbian given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Radivoj Berbakov (1925–2003), Serbian painter
* Radivoj Korać (1938–1969), Yugoslav basketball player
* Radivoj Lazić (born 1953), Serbian musician
* Radivoj Radić (born 1954), Serbian historian
# Spotlight Automotive

Spotlight Automotive Ltd. (Chinese: 光束汽车; pinyin: Guāngshù Qìchē) is a joint venture between BMW Group and Great Wall Motor (GWM) founded in 2018 to develop and produce Mini-branded battery electric vehicles in China.

## History

In November 2019, following an agreement in 2018, BMW and GWM established Spotlight Automotive.
Its manufacturing plant in Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu was constructed between 2020 and 2022. Its first mass-produced vehicle, a Mini Cooper SE (J01) rolled off from the plant on 14 October 2023.

## Products

* Mini Cooper E/SE (J01) (2023–present), subcompact hatchback, BEV
* Mini Aceman (J05) (2024–present), subcompact SUV, BEV
* Mini Cooper SE (J01)
* Mini Aceman (J05)
# 1990 Chinese census

The 1990 Chinese census, officially the Fourth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China, was conducted by the National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China. Based on the fourth census of July 1990, mainland China's population was estimated to be 1.133 billion. Among them, the Han Chinese had a population of 1.042 billion (94% of overall population).
# Kurukkalmadam massacre

The Kurukkalmadam massacre was a massacre of Sri Lankan Muslims in Kurukkalmadam by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). The number of casualties is estimated to be 60-168.

## Background

Following the breakdown of the June 1990 peace talks, Tamil-Muslim relations in the Eastern Province deteriorated rapidly. Many Muslims in the East took a pro-army stance in the war. Some acted as informants for the army, identifying LTTE hideouts and LTTE supporters. A cycle of tit-for-tat violence between the LTTE and Muslim Home Guards emerged, leading to the massacres of civilians on both sides.

## Incident

Muslim travellers from Kattankudy and Colombo in vehicles, including Hajj pilgrims, were stopped by the LTTE near Kurukkalmadam. Some Muslims were removed from the vehicles but others were allowed to return, allegedly so that they could inform other Muslims about what was happening at Kurukkalmadam. The LTTE supposedly picked which Muslims should live and which should die at random. 35 Muslim bus passengers were shot dead by the LTTE. The LTTE, at first, seemed to only be interested in holding the rest for ransom. However, at some point, the LTTE decided to kill them. The Muslim captives, including seniors and children, were hacked to death and their corpses were burnt.
Various explanations for the decision to massacre exist. One theory is that the LTTE was appealing to the anti-Muslim sentiment among Tamil refugees in the east who saw the Muslims as complicit in government atrocities against Tamils. Tamil villagers in Kurukkalmadam suspected that the LTTE's motive for the massacre was to draw negative army attention towards the villagers. Muslim residents of Kalmunai, on the other hand, saw the massacre as a way to warn Muslims against identifying LTTE hideouts for the Sri Lankan Army.
In response to the massacre, Muslim leaders sought the intervention of the Roman Catholic Church.

## Mass grave

Families of the deceased alleged that the bodies of the massacred are in a mass grave at Kaluwanchikudy. In 2014, 66 relatives of the victims requested that the skeletons be exhumed from the mass grave to allow them to give the deceased proper burials. The Kaluwanchikudy court ordered an exhumation and asked the office of the Chief Judicial Medical Officer (Colombo) to carry it out. The Justice Ministry was contacted by the office for funding for experts for a length of time but never responded.
# Mother's Milk (novel)

Mother's Milk is a novel by Edward St Aubyn. The 279-page book is a sequel to the trilogy Some Hope that St. Aubyn wrote in the 1990s. Mother's Milk was written in 2006 and was short listed for the Booker Prize that year. It was republished in a single volume with Never Mind, Bad News and Some Hope in 2012. All four novels are based on the author's life growing up in an upper-class English family and deal with issues including alcoholism, heroin addiction, parent-child relationships, and child molestation.
In 2012, the book was adapted into a film directed by Gerry Fox and co-written by St. Aubyn. The film starred Jack Davenport, Adrian Dunbar, Diana Quick, and Margaret Tyzack.

## Synopsis

The novel recounts the vicissitudes of the family of Patrick and Mary Melrose; it is divided into four parts, each being the month of August in the years 2000 to 2003. They have two sons, Robert who is five when the novel opens, and Thomas who is born in that year. The family lives in London. Patrick is in his early forties. He is a barrister, though not a very busy one.
Mary is totally devoted to her children, especially Thomas. She is no longer a sexual partner for her husband, who has an affair and, when that ends, turns to drink.
Patrick’s mother, Eleanor, is incapacitated by a stroke, and lives in a nursing-home in France. Eleanor’s family was once immensely rich, but her mother bequeathed most of the wealth to her second husband (Eleanor’s stepfather), a French aristocratic adventurer. The asset remaining, which should in due course become Patrick’s, is a house and land in Saint-Nazaire, France. However, Eleanor has fallen under the influence of a charlatan-guru, Seamus, an Irishman, a former nurse, who heads a so-called self-discovery foundation, and she has in effect given the property to him. At present Patrick’s family still has the right to stay in the house in August each year, but Seamus contrives to take that right away from them.
Eleanor requests to be moved to a nursing-home in London, which enables Seamus to take full control. In London she asks Patrick to kill her. He arranges for her to travel to Switzerland, where she can be legally assisted to commit suicide, but almost at the last minute she writes a new instruction, “Do nothing.” Patrick makes his own interpretation of these words: he will never visit her again.

## Reception

The Bookseller reported on reviews from several publications with a rating scale for the novel out of "Top form", "Flawed but worth a read", and "Disappointing": Daily Telegraph, Independent, and Sunday Telegraph reviews under "Flawed but worth a read".
# Coryphaenoides yaquinae

The rough abyssal grenadier (Coryphaenoides yaquinae) is a species of deep-sea grenadier fish in the family Macrouridae. First described as a separate species in 1974, the rough abyssal grenadier was historically confused with its congener, Coryphaenoides armatus. Unlike C. armatus, which has been recorded in the waters of the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, and Southern oceans, observations of C. yaquinae have been confined exclusively to the Pacific ocean. C. yaquinae tends to inhabit abyssopelagic depths between 3,400 and 5,800 meters (11,200 and 19,000 ft). However, observations of C. yaquinae have been made as deep as 6,945 meters (22,785 ft) in the Japan Trench and 7,012 meters (23,005 ft) in the Mariana Trench. C. yaquinae is the only known macrourid from the hadal zone.

## Diet and ecology

The rough abyssal grenadier is an active benthic forager, with a diet that features a variety of seafloor fauna. Squids, crustaceans, and polychaetes comprise the most consistent sources of prey for C. yaquinae, though stomach content analyses have revealed echinoderms, fish, and food scavenged from carrion. The availability of these food sources varies, however, as seasonal migrations of pelagic teleosts and changes in the rate of phytodetritus affect the amount of organic matter that reaches the ocean floor.