OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tsambagarav

Tsambagarav (Mongolian: Цамбагарав) is a mountain between Khovd Province and Bayan-Ölgii Province in western Mongolia, it is a mountain of the Altai Mountains range. It has two peaks, its highest peak "Tsast Uul" (Mongolian: Цаст, lit. "snow-covered peak") has an elevation of 4,193 metres (13,757 ft) and another peak same named "Tsambagarav" (48.655196,90.847063). The mountain is the stand-alone eternally snow-capped mountain of the Mongol Altai and the regional sacred mountain in Mongolia.
Massif of Tsast Uul-Tsambagarev. Italians Gianni Pais Becher, Gastone Lorenzini and Elziro Molin climbed in western Mongolia in June and July. In late June, they first climbed Tsast Uul (4250 meters, 13,944 feet), the second highest peak in Mongolia, by the normal route. On June 27, they established Base Camp at 2520 meters north of the massif and the next day placed a camp in an alpine meadow. On June 29 the three Italians with Mongolians Jndonpuncav, Gotov, Samubun and Battulga climbed a 55° ice slope to the summit of unclimbed P 4030 (13,222 feet). On June 30, they moved camp to Tavan Betchir. On July 2, they started for a peak they had seen from Tsast Uul. They had to climb over a ridge to 3800 meters, down the far side, across a glacier and finally up the icy, 60° northwest face of P 4150 (13,616 feet). The summit was reached by Pais Becher, Molin, Mongolians Dorjpalam, Tumentogootch, Damba, Rentsenbyamba, Gaadamba and Vantchig.
# Mount Batur

Mount Batur (Gunung Batur) is an active volcano located at the center of two concentric calderas northwest of Mount Agung on the island of Bali, Indonesia. The southeast side of the larger 10×13 km caldera contains a caldera lake. Both the larger caldera, and a smaller 7.5 km caldera were formed by a collapse of the magma chamber, the first larger collapse taking place about 29,300 years ago, and the second inner caldera collapsing about 20,150 years ago. Another estimate of the inner caldera's formation date, formed during the emplacement of the Bali (or Ubud) ignimbrite, has been dated at about 23,670 and 28,500 years ago.
The first documented eruption was in 1804 and the most recent was in 2000.

## Active volcano and Lake Batur in the caldera

The eruption that brought this volcano to be visible above the ocean is one of the most forceful on the Earth. This volcano is marked by a collapsed top, called a caldera.
The caldera contains an active, 700-metre-tall stratovolcano rising above the surface of Lake Batur. The first documented eruption of Batur was in 1804, and it has been frequently active since then, most recently in 2000. The substantial lava field from the 1963 eruption is visible today when viewed from Kintamani, a town on the southwest ridge of the caldera.

## Villages in the caldera

The caldera is populated and includes the four main villages of Kedisan, Songan, Trunyan, and Toya Bungkah, among a total of 15 villages. The locals largely rely on agriculture for income but tourism has become increasingly popular due to the relatively straightforward trek to the summit of the central crater.

## Global Geoparks Network

On 20 September 2012 UNESCO made Mount Batur Caldera a part of the Global Geoparks Network.

## Sedimentation

Heavy sedimentation in Mount Batur Caldera decreases the water in the lake. A plan was devised to restrict locations around the lake for tourist accommodations, to inform residents of the problems of fish farm cages in the lake, and perhaps to dredge some of the natural sedimentation from volcanic ash.
The lake is subject to water pollution from fishing and agricultural runoff, promoting the growth of too many water hyacinths, further worsening conditions in the lake, causing some to wonder if the lake will disappear between heavy sedimentation at the bottom and a dense cover of water hyacinths.
* Indonesia portal
# Atsonupuri

Atsonupuri (Russian: Атсонупури; Ainu: アトゥサヌプリ, Atusa-nupuri; Japanese: 阿登佐岳, Atosa-dake) is a stratovolcano located in the central part of Iturup Island, Kuril Islands, Russia.
# Mount Lawit (Terengganu)

Mount Lawit (Malay: Gunung Lawit) is a mountain in Terengganu, Malaysia and has an elevation of 1,519 metres, which makes it the highest mountain in the state. Mount Lawit is situated northeast of Gunong Batil, and northwest of Sungai Susu Dara. Both locations are located in Besut District.
# Mount Tahan

Mount Tahan (Malay: Gunung Tahan), is the highest point in Peninsular Malaysia with an elevation of 7,175 ft (2,187 m) above sea level, on the border between the states of Pahang and Kelantan, with the peak lying on the Pahangese side. It is part of the Taman Negara that straddles Jerantut District in Pahang, Gua Musang District in Kelantan and Hulu Terengganu District in Terengganu. The mountain is part of the Tahan Range in the Tenasserim Hills and is popular with local climbers.
Gunung Tahan is considered by many to be one of the toughest treks in Peninsular Malaysia.

## Trails

There are three trails to the summit, commonly referred to as:
* Kuala Tahan-Kuala Tahan
* Merapoh-Kuala Tahan or Kuala Tahan-Merapoh
* Merapoh-Merapoh
The Kuala Tahan classic trail is the oldest and most scenic trail. A return trip on this trail typically takes seven days. Climbers have to trek across undulating ridges and make several river crossings before finally reaching the foot of the mountain to make the final ascent. Climbers without adequate physical fitness or training are not advised to attempt Gunung Tahan.
The other two trails are from Merapoh (Sungai Relau). The Merapoh-Merapoh trail is significantly shorter than the other two. A return trip on the Merapoh trail takes 3–4 days. A traverse from Kuala Tahan to Merapoh (or the other way around) takes around 5 days.

## Temperature

Mount Tahan can be very cold at night. Temperatures can range from 4 °C to 18 °C between December and January, and 7 °C to 27 °C between June and September. Frost can sometimes appear at the summit.

## 1905 Expedition by Federated Malay States Museums

In 1905, the director of the Federated Malay States Museums, Leonard Wray Jnr, and Selangor Museum curator Herbert Robinson led a museum collecting expedition to Gunung Tahan.
The expedition involved sixty-five men and lasted five months. Dato’ To Muntri Idin and Penghulu Panglima Kakap Husin laid the groundwork before the main party arrived. On July 15, Bulang, Che Nik, Mat Aris, Mu’min and Robinson were the first to reach the summit.
* Pulling boats up the rapids in the Tahan river during the 1905 museum expedition to Gunung Tahan.
* Gunung Tahan from sixth camp during the 1905 museum expedition to Gunung Tahan.
* Bar-throated minla collected during the Federated Malay States Museums expedition to Gunung Tahan.
* Snowy-browed flycatcher collected during the Federated Malay States Museums expedition to Gunung Tahan.
* Red-billed malkoha collected during the Federated Malay States Museums expedition to Gunung Tahan.

## Hikers Gallery

* Hikers fording near Kuala Juram
* Sunset near Kem Botak
* View at dawn near Kem Botak
* Unnamed lesser peak, viewed from Kem Botak
* Wooden signboard at the peak. The roof has been torn off due to severe weather in recent years
* Lembah Teku, above Kem Gedung
* Kem Gedung
* Steep descent via a series of metal ladders at Gunung Tangga Lima Belas
* Usnea near the peak
* Orchids near the peak
* Rafflesia near Wray's Camp
# Baluran

Baluran is a stratovolcano located on the island of Java. It is at the very northeast of the island and is overshadowed by its much larger neighbour Ijen. The mountain has not erupted in historical times, although it is considered to be of Holocene age.
# Mount Lokon

Mount Lokon (Indonesian: Lo'kon), also known as Gunung Lokon, together with Mount Empung, is a twin volcano (2.2 km or 1.4 mi apart) in the Tomohon, Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi, Indonesia, roughly 10 km (6 mi) south of Manado. Both rise above the Tondano plain and are among active volcanoes of Sulawesi. Mount Lokon has a flat and craterless top. Its active crater is located on its foot, named "Tompaluan" crater.

## History

Lokon formed during a period of andesitic volcanism on ring fractures resulting from the Tondano caldera's early to mid-Pleistocene collapse. Recently erupted material remains andesitic in composition and consists of ash plumes and, less commonly, pyroclastic flows and lava domes.
The volcano erupted on 15 July 2011, forcing thousands of people to evacuate.
The volcano again began showing signs of activity on 10 February 2012, and 19 September 2012 (11:01pm). An eruption occurred at 8:20, am the same day sending an ash plume two miles into the sky. Local residents were evacuated from a two and a half mile exclusion zone around the volcano. An eruption occurred on 17 December 2012.
Indonesia has 129 volcanoes including Mount Lokon. The eruption of Mount Lokon in 1991 killed a Swiss hiker and forced thousands of people to flee their homes.
# Mount Chersky

Mount Chersky (Russian: Гора Черского) is a mountain in the Baikal Range, Russian Federation.
This peak is named after Lithuanian explorer Jan Czerski (1845 - 1892, Ivan Chersky transcribed from Russian), who greatly contributed to the study of Lake Baikal.

## Geography

This 2,572 m (8,438 ft) high mountain is the highest point of the Baikal Range, part of the South Siberian System of ranges. It is an ultra-prominent peak, located near Lake Baikal, in the border of Irkutsk Oblast and Buryatia.
# Włodowice Palace

Włodowice Palace is a ruined Baroque palace situated in Włodowice, Poland.

## History

It was built on the spot of a wooden manor owned by the Firlej family. The first building was destroyed during the Polish-Swedish war in 1655-1660. The brick and stone palace was founded by the castellan of Kraków, Stanisław Warszycki at the end of 17th century (between 1669 and 1681). It was a two-storey baroque building with basements and an attic, covered with a mansard roof. It can be seen as a representation of an entre cour et jardin type of manor. In front of the palace there used to be a court with the entrance gate and behind the building there was a garden situated on the slope of the hill. In the 18th century the palace was owned by the Męciński family who redecorated the insides in classicist style. In the 1850s the new owners of the palace were the Poleski family. Michał Poleski, scientist and insurgent of the January Uprising in 1863, created a private agronomic school that was located on the second storey of the palace. One of the chambers was changed into a chemistry and physics laboratory, another one contained a library. The school existed here between 1870 and 1880. Probably around the turn of the 20th century the palace was rebuilt in a neogothic style. The last owner of the palace was Countess Maria Elwira O’Rourke, from a Polish noble family of Irish origin. She left Włodowice probably in 1927 or 1928, selling the palace to a local family. The present condition of the palace is a result of two fires that occurred in 1935 and 1956, along with negligent ownership.
# Jaime González (Colombian footballer)

Jaime "Charol" González Ortíz (1 April 1938 – 1985) was a Colombian footballer. He was part of the Colombia national football team at the 1962 FIFA World Cup, which was held in Chile.
# Stuart Dutamby

Stuart Dutamby (born 24 April 1994) is a French sprinter. He competed in the men's 4 × 100 metres relay at the 2016 Summer Olympics.
# Klatka, Greater Poland Voivodeship

Klatka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Koźmin Wielkopolski, within Krotoszyn County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.
# Firoozeh Koobi

Firoozeh Koobi (Persian: فیروزه کوبی; Firouze Koobi, or Firuzehkubi) is an Iranian handicraft made of a copper vessel that is covered with inlaid turquoise stone. It is one of the most popular souvenirs of Isfahan. Although the technique has a short history (less than 100 years), due to the use of precious stones and the design it is highly valued.

## History

Since the ancient times in Persia, turquoise has been a valued gemstone; the oldest turquoise mine in Iran is the Nishapur mine. Roughly in the 1950s, Yusef Hakimian founded this art in Mashhad. Today, Firoozeh Koobi is created primarily in Isfahan, and many artists and craftsmen have set up turquoise workshops in this city.
Firoozeh Koobi is a product made of copper, brass, silver, or bronze, in which small pieces of turquoise stone are placed together on a part of its surface in a mosaic form. Turquoise inlaying is recognized in Iran as an art-industry in the division and classification of Iranian handicrafts, which has an artistic and aesthetic aspect and has a decorative application. Turquoise Inlaying is commonly used for decorating items such as jewelry, vases, candlesticks, and mirror frames.
# Kliny, Poznań County

Kliny is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Czerwonak, within Poznań County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) east of Czerwonak and 13 km (8 mi) north-east of the regional capital Poznań.
# Kobylanki, Greater Poland Voivodeship

Kobylanki is a village in the administrative district Gmina Skulsk, within Konin County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) south-west of Skulsk, 25 km (16 mi) north of Konin, and 93 km (58 mi) east of the regional capital Poznań.
# Kocanowo

Kocanowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pobiedziska, within Poznań County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) east of Pobiedziska and 31 km (19 mi) east of the regional capital Poznań.
# Koczury

Koczury is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Włoszakowice, within Leszno County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) south-east of Włoszakowice, 14 km (9 mi) north-west of Leszno, and 66 km (41 mi) south-west of the regional capital Poznań.
# Kokorzyn

Kokorzyn is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kościan, within Kościan County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) west of Kościan and 42 km (26 mi) south-west of the regional capital Poznań.
# 2008 Karmah bombing

The 26 June 2008 Karmah bombing was a suicide attack on a meeting of tribal sheiks in the town of Al-Karmah. Three Marines from 2nd Battalion 3rd Marines (including the battalion's commanding officer), as well as twenty Iraqi sheiks and the mayor of Karmah, were killed when a suicide bomber dressed as an Iraqi Policeman detonated an explosive vest. Two interpreters were also killed in the blast. The aftermath of the attack was captured on film by photojournalist Zoriah Miller. The commanding officer of 2/3, LtCol Max Galeai and two other Marines (Captain Philip J. Dykeman and Cpl. Marcus W. Preudhomme) from the battalion were killed. In June 2008, it was announced that Anbar would be the tenth province to transfer to Provincial Iraqi Control, the first Sunni Arab region to be handed back. This handover was delayed due to the attack. The handover did occur on September 1, 2008. Two insurgents linked to the bombing were later caught in Tamariya.
# Kolno, Międzychód County

Kolno is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Międzychód, within Międzychód County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) east of Międzychód and 69 km (43 mi) west of the regional capital Poznań.
# Orca (DC Comics)

Orca is the name of two fictional supervillain characters who appear in American comic books published by DC Comics, commonly known as one of the adversaries to the superhero Batman.

## Publication history

The Grace Balin incarnation of Orca first appeared in Batman #579 (July 2000) and was created by Larry Hama and Scott McDaniel.
The Dean Toye incarnation of Orca first appeared in Aquaman (vol. 8) #12 (February 2017), and was created by Dan Abnett and Philippe Briones.

## Fictional character biography
### Grace Balin

Grace Balin is a marine biologist who is paralyzed in an accident and experiments with orca tissue to regain her mobility, gaining the ability to transform into a monstrous orca hybrid. While battling Batman, she is forced into an underwater cave and begins to revert to normal, forcing Batman to give her a serum to permanently transform her into Orca and prevent her from drowning. In the One Year Later event, Orca dies under unspecified circumstances.
In "DC Rebirth", Orca appears alive as a member of the Whale's Enders and an enemy of Nightwing.

### Dean Toye

"DC Rebirth" introduces a separate Orca, Dean Toye, a sergeant who transforms himself into an orca hybrid to combat the forces of Atlantis.

## Powers and abilities

Both Orcas possess immense physical attributes, an enhanced sense of smell, and the ability to operate underwater. However, they must periodically rehydrate themselves to avoid drying out.

## In other media

* The Grace Balin incarnation of Orca appears in The Lego Batman Movie, voiced by Laura Kightlinger.
* The Grace Balin incarnation of Orca appears as a character summon in Scribblenauts Unmasked: A DC Comics Adventure.
* The Grace Balin incarnation of Orca appears in Lego Dimensions via The Lego Batman Movie DLC pack.
* The Grace Balin incarnation of Orca appears in the Injustice 2 prequel comic. This version is a member of Ra's al Ghul's Suicide Squad and lover of squad-mate Killer Croc, who she later has a child with and leaves the Squad to live a normal life.
# Kolonia Warzymowska

Kolonia Warzymowska is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Skulsk, within Konin County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.
# Komorowo, Gniezno County

Komorowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kłecko, within Gniezno County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) south of Kłecko, 13 km (8 mi) west of Gniezno, and 38 km (24 mi) north-east of the regional capital Poznań.
# Komorowo-Kolonia

Komorowo-Kolonia is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Kazimierz Biskupi, within Konin County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north-west of Kazimierz Biskupi, 18 km (11 mi) north-west of Konin, and 81 km (50 mi) east of the regional capital Poznań.
# Konarskie, Śrem County

Konarskie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Książ Wielkopolski, within Śrem County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) south-west of Książ Wielkopolski, 15 km (9 mi) east of Śrem, and 44 km (27 mi) south-east of the regional capital Poznań.
# Konary, Konin County

Konary is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Grodziec, within Konin County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) south of Grodziec, 28 km (17 mi) south-west of Konin, and 91 km (57 mi) south-east of the regional capital Poznań.
# Mixbook

Mixbook, a #1 rated photo book brand, based in Redwood City, California, offers a large selection of design choices to create personal stories through customizable photo books, cards, calendars and home decor.
Mixbook Studio, the company's suite of storytelling tools, along with its mobile app, leverages machine learning technology and AI-powered recommendations, to turn photos into personal stories and keepsakes.

## History

Co-founded in 2006 by Andrew Laffoon and Aryk Grosz, the company was initially created to assist high school groups and students in crafting personal yearbooks. The company launched its photo book editor tool in 2009 providing consumers the means to design fully customizable photo books. In 2010, Mixbook added calendars and photo cards to its product line.
In 2011, Mixbook expanded its reach and revenue fourfold, acquiring Scrapblog and raising $10M from Level Equity. In 2012, Mixbook released new features to its photo book editor tool, enabling users to customize with Instagram photos. It also released a photo book app called Mosaic, which allowed users to build a book with photos found on their mobile device. In 2013 the company launched another photo book service called Montage, which offered a web-based interface, powered by image recognition technology.
Notably, Mixbook has forged partnerships with brands like Martha Stewart, Crayola, Hallmark and PetSmart, contributing to its reputation as a trusted platform for creating personalized products.

## Awards and recognition

* #43, America's Most Promising Companies, Forbes
* #176 on Inc 500, Inc Magazine
* "Second fastest growing company in Silicon Valley", Silicon Valley Business Journal
* Best Photo Book Service, Tom's Guide
* Best Overall Photo Book Service, WSJ.com
* The Best PHoto Book Service, NYtimes Wirecutter
* Editor's Choice Best Photo Book, Top Ten Reviews
Since its inception, Mixbook has been named “the best photo book service” by Tom's Guide, and the title of “best overall photo book service” by WSJ's The Buy Side.

## Acquisitions

* WedPics, acquired in 2017.
* Scrapblog, acquired in 2011 - Scrapblog had raised $11.5M from Steamboat Ventures and Longworth Venture Partners, Disney's venture capital arm
* Citrify
* Yobongo, acquired in 2012 - Yobongo had raised $1.35 million from True Ventures, Freestyle Capital, Mitch Kapor and others. The Yobongo team helped develop Mixbook's mobile app, Mosaic.
# 1975 Nigerian coup d'état

The 1975 Nigerian coup d'état was a bloodless military coup which took place in Nigeria on 29 July 1975 when a faction of junior Armed Forces officers overthrew General Yakubu Gowon (who himself took power in the 1966 counter-coup). Colonel Joseph Nanven Garba announced the coup in a broadcast on Radio Nigeria (which became FRCN in 1978). At the time of the coup, Gowon was attending the 12th Organisation of African Unity (OAU) Summit in Kampala, Uganda. The coup plotters appointed Brigadier Murtala Mohammed as head of state, and Brigadier Olusegun Obasanjo as his deputy. The coup was motivated by unhappiness of junior officers at the lack of progress Gowon had made in moving the country towards democratic rule, while Garba's role as an insider is credited with ensuring that the coup was bloodless.
Mohammed, whose policies and decisiveness won him broad popular support and elevated him to the status of a folk hero, stayed in power until 13 February 1976 when he was assassinated during a coup attempt. Obasanjo succeeded him as head of state.
* This article is part of a series about Murtala Muhammed
Independent
Head of State of Nigeria
1975-1976
Government
1975 coup
Murtala Era
Military governors
Supreme Military Council
1976 coup attempt
Battle Career
2 Division
Asaba massacre
1966 counter-coup
Nigerian Civil War
Operation Torch
First Invasion of Onitsha
Second Invasion of Onitsha
Abagana ambush
Congo Crisis
Others
MMIA
Ramat Polytechnic :
vte :
# Djiguibombo massacre

On 1 July 2024, a group of armed men entered Djiguibombo, in the Mopti Region of Mali, and massacred dozens of civilians. The attackers, who targeted a wedding ceremony, rode into the village on motorcycles. While the attackers have not been identified, and no group has claimed responsibility, local government officials blamed the attack on militants. The death toll of the attack has been pegged as at least 21 by local residents and some government officials, although other officials have stated that around 40 people were killed.

## Background

Since the start of the Mali War in 2012, northern and central Mali have experienced frequent violence from multiple factions, including ones tied to Al-Qaeda and the Islamic State. Since gaining power after the 2020 coup, Mali's military leaders have struggled to contain the violence, and a 2015 peace deal with Tuareg rebels collapsed.

## Perpetrators

Numerous local government officials stated they were unable to identify the attackers, who arrived via motorcycles. However, one attributed the attacks to "jihadists". A reporter for the Associated Press said while no group claimed responsibility for the attack, "it follows the pattern of ones by the al-Qaida-linked JNIM extremist group which often targets the region".