OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Colt New Line

The Colt New Line was a single action pocket revolver introduced by the Colt's Patent Fire Arms Manufacturing Company in 1873.
Two years after the Colt House Revolver (1871), a year after the Colt Open Top (1872) and almost simultaneously alongside the Colt Single Action Army (1873), the Colt New Line was one of the first metallic cartridge rear-loading revolvers manufactured by Colt. It was, alongside the Colt Open Top Pocket Model Revolver (1871), one of the first pocket metallic cartridge revolvers made by the company.

## History

When the Rollin White patent for metallic cartridges firearms manufacture expired (c. 1870) the Colt's Patent Fire Arms Manufacturing Company started working on its own metallic cartridge revolvers. Thus, after having introduced its first breech-loaders in 1871 (Colt House/Cloverleaf) and 1872 (Colt Open Top), in 1873 Colt launched the Colt Single Action Army along with a new line of pocket revolvers, sorted in five different calibers. Since it was an entirely new line of revolvers this model was called the Colt New Line.
Circa 1884-1886, submerged by the competitors' cheaper imitations and refusing to introduce a lower quality among its own firearms, the Colt company dropped the line and ceased production.

## Variants

The Colt New Line was chambered and produced as follows.
* Colt New Line .22 Caliber Revolver: in production from 1873 to 1877
* Colt New Line .30 Caliber Revolver: in production from 1874 to 1876
* Colt New Line .32 Caliber Revolver: in production from 1873 to 1884
* Colt New Line .38 Caliber Revolver: in production from 1874 to 1880
* Colt New Line .41 Caliber Revolver: in production from 1874 to 1879
The .22 caliber version was equipped with a 7-shot cylinder. All four other versions of the gun had 5-round cylinders.

## Specifications (.22 caliber version)

* Production period: 1873 - 1877
* Caliber: .22 short / .22 long
* Weight: 0.44 lbs (0.2 kg)
* Barrel length: 2.2 in (56mm)
* Capacity: 7-round cylinder
* Fire Modes: Single Action
* Loading Modes: Breach loading

## Specifications (.38 caliber version)

* Production period: 1874 - 1880
* Caliber: .38 Long Colt
* Weight: 0.84 lbs (0.38 kg)
* Barrel length: 2.25 in (57 mm), 4 in (10.2 cm)
* Capacity: 5-round cylinder
* Fire Modes: Single Action
* Loading Modes: Breech-loading
# Nowe Osowo

Nowe Osowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Oborniki, within Oborniki County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.
# Gustav Martinsen

Gustav Martinsen (5 November 1843 – 19 March 1920) was a Norwegian industrial leader and politician for the Conservative Party.
He was born in Drammen to merchant Martin Christophersen and Oline Gulbrandsen, and was the father of Haavard Martinsen. He founded the mill Bjølsen Valsemølle in 1884, and initiated and chaired Norsk Mølleforening. He was a member of the Storting from 1900 to 1906. He was decorated Knight, First Class of the Order of St. Olav in 1904, and was a Knight of the Order of the Dannebrog.
# Wells River (Vermont)

The Wells River is a tributary of the Connecticut River, approximately 15 miles (24 km) long, located in the U.S. state of Vermont.
The Wells River begins at the outlet of Ricker Pond at the southern boundary of Groton State Forest in the town of Groton. The river flows generally southeast through the towns of Ryegate and Newbury, reaching the Connecticut River at the village of Wells River. U.S. Route 302 follows the river for most of its length.
# Modoc High School (Alturas, California)

Modoc High School (MHS) is a small high school located in Alturas, California. It is one of two high schools located in Modoc County, California.
In 1994, Modoc High School was awarded the California Distinguished School award.

## Notable alumni

Kayte Christensen, color commentator and former professional basketball player
Ray Privette, 1978/79 track relay record holder
# Nhamo

Nhamo is a 2011 short film written and directed by Eunice Chiweshe Goldstein. It runs approximately eleven minutes and fifty-seven seconds long. Countries of production are United States, South Africa, and Zimbabwe. The film was nominated for Africa Movie Academy Awards Best Short Film.

## Cast

* Thabo Nyaku as Musati
* Garion Dowds as Alden
* Kagiso Legoadi as Timbo
* Molefi Monaisa as Mutombo
# 2001 Hong Kong Election Committee (constituency) by-election

The 2001 Election Committee by-election was held on 16 September 2001 after resignation of the incumbent Legislative Councillor Professor Ng Ching-fai who represented one of the six seats in the Election Committee constituency, from the Legislative Council (LegCo) with effect from 15 July 2001.
Ng Ching-fai of the New Century Forum (NCF) resigned in 2001 to take the vice-chancellorship of the Hong Kong Baptist University. NCF convenor Ma Fung-kwok who ran as a nonpartisan was elected with 359 votes, representing about 52% of the total number of valid votes cast, defeating two other candidates, Ho Sai-chu of the Liberal Party and nonpartisan Chan Man-hung.

## Candidates

During the nomination period from 2 to August 2001, three nominations were received, including the Liberal Party's Ho Sai-chu, New Century Forum's Ma Fung-kwok, who ran as a nonpartisan, and nonpartisan Chan Man-hung.

## Result

Election Committee by-election 2001 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Nonpartisan (New Forum) | Ma Fung-kwok | 359 | 51.7 | +1.4 |
| | Liberal | Ho Sai-chu | 294 | 42.4 | −8.1 |
| | Nonpartisan | Chan Man-hung | 34 | 4.9 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 65 | 9.3 | |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 687 | 100.0 | |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 7 | | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 694 | 89.6 | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 775 | | |
| | Nonpartisan gain from Nonpartisan | Nonpartisan gain from Nonpartisan | Swing | +4.8 | |
# 2014 Nobel Peace Prize

The 2014 Nobel Peace Prize was shared, in two equal parts, between Kailash Satyarthi (b. 1954) and Malala Yousafzai (b. 1997) "for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education". Satyarthi is from India, the seventh person from his country to win a Nobel Prize and the second to win the Peace Prize after Mother Teresa, while Yousafzai is a Muslim from Pakistan, the second Nobel Prize winner from her country after Abdus Salam, the forty-seventh woman to win the Nobel Prize, and at the age of 17 years, the youngest winner of a Nobel Prize in any field.

## Motivation

In a press release, the Committee indicated that it had chosen the combination of a Hindu and a Muslim, and of an Indian and a Pakistani, on purpose, because they "join in a common struggle for education and against extremism". They stressed that "fraternity between nations" was one of the original criteria stipulated by Alfred Nobel.
The usage of child labour and discrimination against female education was the citation for the award. As of 2014 it is reckoned 168 million children are used for child labour, 60 million in India alone. This was mentioned by Thorbjørn Jagland in his handover ceremony speech.

## Nominations

The Nobel Prize Committee announced that it had received a record number of 278 different nominations for the Peace Prize, up from 259 in 2013. 47 of these nominations were for organizations.

## Favourites

Prior to the announcement, many news media speculated about who would win this year, providing lists of favourites. Often cited were Pope Francis, Ban Ki-moon, Chelsea Manning, Denis Mukwege, Edward Snowden, José Mujica, the Novaya Gazeta newspaper, and the so-called Japanese people who conserve Article 9, together with the eventual winner Malala Yousafzai. The other winner, Kailash Satyarthi, was not among the commonly cited favourites.
# Hans Konrad Foosnæs

Hans Konrad Henriksen Foosnæs (2 February 1846 – 30 July 1917) was a Norwegian politician for the Liberal Party. He served as Minister of Agriculture from 1908 to 1910.

## Personal life

He was born in Namdalseid Municipality. He was the grandson of politician, Hans Andersen Barlien.

## Career

He was elected as a member of the municipal council of Beitstaden Municipality in 1878, and served as mayor there from 1880 to 1907. He was elected to the Parliament of Norway from Nordre Trondhjems Amt in 1882, and then won five non-consecutive re-elections in 1888, 1891, 1894, 1897 and 1903.
In 1906 he stood for re-election for a seventh time, now in the constituency Snaasen as the constituencies had been restructured. He was challenged by no less than three other candidates from his own party; Ivar Aavatsmark, Ole Olsen Five and Lorents Mørkved. In the first round of voting Aavatsmark took the lead with 1,210 votes against Foosnæs' 1,145 votes. In the second round of voting, Foosnæs with N. E. Brenne gathered 1,476 votes, and he lost his seat to Aavatsmark who won it with 2,157 votes.
From 1908 to 1910 he served in Knudsen's First Cabinet as the Minister of Agriculture. Foosnæs tried to re-contest the seat in 1912, and gathered 1,513 votes. However, Aavatsmark with Mørkved as running mate won 2,642 votes and hence the seat. In 1915 Foosnæs finished a distant third, now also beaten by the Labour candidate.
# West Branch Brandywine Creek

The West Branch Brandywine Creek is a 33.1-mile-long (53.3 km) tributary of Brandywine Creek in Chester County, Pennsylvania in the United States.
The West Branch Brandywine Creek is born near the community of Honey Brook. It later joins with the East Branch Brandywine Creek in the community of Lenape to form Brandywine Creek.
The Embreeville Historic District straddles the West Branch Brandywine Creek in Newlin Township.
# Barbados at the 1976 Summer Olympics

Barbados competed at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Eleven competitors, nine men and two women, took part in eleven events in two sports.

## Athletics

Men's 800 metres
* Orlando Greene
** Heat – 1:51.43 (→ did not advance)
Men's 4x100 metres Relay
* Rawle Clarke, Hamil Grimes, Pearson Jordan, and Pearson Trotman
** Heat – 41.15s (→ did not advance)
Men's 4x400 metres Relay
* Victor Gooding, Harcourt Wason, Hamil Grimes, and Orlando Greene
** Heat – 3:08.13 (→ did not advance)
* Lorna Forde
* Freida Nicholls-Davy

## Cycling

Two cyclists represented Antigua and Barbuda in 1976.

### Sprint

* Stanley Smith – 18th place

### 1000m time trial

* Hector Edwards – 1:10.084 (→ 18th place)
# Abu al-Fadl al-Abbas Forces

Abu al-Fadl al-Abbas Forces (Arabic: قوات أبو الفضل العباس Quwwat ‘Ābū al-Faḍl al-‘Abbās), officially named the Qaeda Quwwat Abu Fadl al-Abbas, is a Shiite militia operating in Iraq, formed following the June 2014 ISIL advances. The force is affiliated with Sheikh Aws al-Khafaji, who was previously aligned with Muqtada al-Sadr. The group claims an affinity with the similarly named Liwa Abu al-Fadhal al-Abbas group fighting in Syrian Civil War on behalf of the Syrian government. QQAFA also appears to have deep links to Kataib al-Imam Ali.
In February 2019, the Popular Mobilization Forces (PMF) raided a base belonging to the group, during the raid the group's leader Aws al-Khafaji was arrested by Iraqi forces, the Popular Mobilization Forces claimed that the raid was part of an ongoing operation to crack down on fake groups claiming to be part of PMF in order to commit crimes. The group also never formally declared itself as part of PMF nor had it ever registered as part of PMF with the Iraqi government.
The group's leader Aws al-Khafaji has also expressed ideological differences with Iran, and has been critical of Iranian influence in Iraq, and though having a falling-out with Muqtada al-Sadr still adheres to the Sadrist ideology. Khafaji also voiced support for protests in Iraq in mid-2018 over Iranian and Turkish policies causing high salinity in Iraqi water.
During the protests against Iranian policies and influence in Iraq, another commander in the group wrote, "Every noble Iraqi must boycott Iran and Turkey in business, tourism and politics. This is the fate of a country and the Messenger of God (SAWS) said: a non-Arab has shown no compassion for an Arab at all by the Lord of the Ka'aba." Prior to the arrest of the group's overall leader, Khafaji, he made statements in the media criticizing Iran, supporters of the group have claimed that his opposition and criticism of Iran are the real reasons for Khafaji's arrest. Other members of the group have condemned Iran on social media citing that they are not part of PMF as it contains several factions loyal to Iran. The group's branch in Syria and other allied militias composed of Iraqis released a statement condemning the arrest Khafaji.
# 2001 Macanese legislative election

Legislative elections were held in Macau on 23 September 2001.

## Results

| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
| | Union for Development | 12,990 | 16.04 | 2 | +1 |
| | Union for Promoting Progress | 11,276 | 13.92 | 2 | 0 |
| | Convergence for Development | 10,016 | 12.37 | 1 | 0 |
| | Association for Promotion of Social Services and Education | 9,955 | 12.29 | 1 | New |
| | Employees and Wage-Earners Association | 5,170 | 6.38 | 1 | +1 |
| | Tourism and Recreation Culture Promotion Association | 2,360 | 2.91 | 0 | New |
| | Awe-Inspiring Sunrise Association | 850 | 1.05 | 0 | New |
| Pro-Beijing camp | Pro-Beijing camp | 52,617 | 64.98 | 7 | +3 |
| | New Democratic Macau Association | 16,961 | 20.95 | 2 | +1 |
| | New Hope | 4,551 | 5.62 | 1 | New |
| | Union of Workers | 700 | 0.86 | 0 | New |
| Pro-democracy camp | Pro-democracy camp | 22,212 | 27.43 | 3 | +2 |
| | People-Friendly Association | 2,216 | 2.74 | 0 | New |
| | Roots in Macau | 1,569 | 1.94 | 0 | 0 |
| | Macao Democratic People's Livelihood Association | 1,250 | 1.54 | 0 | New |
| | Middle-level People's League | 877 | 1.08 | 0 | New |
| | Citizens' Rights Association | 237 | 0.29 | 0 | New |
| Total | Total | 80,978 | 100.00 | 10 | +2 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 80,978 | 96.81 | | |
| Invalid votes | Invalid votes | 2,116 | 2.53 | | |
| Blank votes | Blank votes | 550 | 0.66 | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | 83,644 | 100.00 | | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 159,813 | 52.34 | | |
| Source: Boletim Oficial ||||||

### Members

Directly-elected members
* 1. Antonio Ng (ANMD, with 16,961 votes)
* 2. Kwan Tsui Hang (UPD, with 12,990 votes)
* 3. Leong Heng Teng (UPP, 11.276 votes)
* 4. Chow Kam Fai, David (CODEM, with 10,016 votes)
* 5. Vitor Cheung Lup Kwan ( ARSEM, with 9,955 votes)
* 6. Au Kam San (ANMD, with 8,480.5 votes)
* 7. Leong Iok Wa ( UPD, with 6,495 votes)
* 8. Iong Weng Ian (UPP, with 5,638 votes)
* 9. João Bosco Cheang (AEA, with 5,170 votes)
* 10. Jorge Manuel Fão (CODEM, with 5,008 votes)
Members for indirect returned of the Legislative Assembly in the second term:
* Chan Chak Mo and Fong Chi Keong (DCAR –Group representing welfare, cultural, educational and sports interests: with 1 364 votes)
* Susana Chou, Hoi Sai Iun, Kou Hoi In and Cheang Chi Keong (OMKC Group representing business: with 279 votes)
* Lao Cheok Va and Tong Chi Kin (CCCAE Group representing labor: with 261 votes)
* Chui Sai Cheong and Leonel Alberto Alves (OMCY Group representing professional: with 188 votes)
# Ramsés Gil

Francisco Ramsés Gil Tordesillas (born 28 June 1976) is a Spanish football manager and former player who played as a right-back. He is the current manager of Gimnástica Segoviana CF.

## Playing career

Born in Segovia, Castile and León, Gil made his senior debut with CD La Granja before moving to hometown side Gimnástica Segoviana CF in 1996. In 1999, after achieving promotion to Segunda División B with the latter, he joined Getafe CF.
In 2000, Gil returned to Segoviana after making no appearances for Geta, with the club now back in Tercera División. He was regularly used for the club in the following years, becoming team captain and achieving another promotion to the third level in 2011.
On 15 February 2012, after being rarely used during the campaign, Gil left Segoviana due to "sporting reasons"; he later retired at the age of 35.

## Managerial career

Shortly after retiring, Gil returned to Gimnástica Segoviana as a sporting director. He was also an assistant during the 2018–19 season, before leaving the club on 30 July 2020.
On 13 March 2022, Gil returned to Segoviana after being named manager of the club in the place of Manu González. On 30 May, after avoiding relegation from Segunda División RFEF, he renewed his contract with the club.
Gil led Segoviana to the top of their group in the 2023–24 Segunda Federación, achieving promotion to Primera Federación.
# Chiselet

Chiselet is a commune in Călărași County, Muntenia, Romania. It is composed of a single village, Chiselet.
The commune is situated in the south of the Wallachian Plain, at an altitude of 17 m (56 ft), on the left bank of the Danube. A massive Neolithic tell called Măgura Fundeanca exists just a few kilometers south of the village center, towards the often flooded forest that borders the bank of the Danube.
Chiselet is located in the southern part of Călărași County, 25 km (16 mi) east of Oltenița and 44 km (27 mi) west of the county seat, Călărași. It is crossed by national road DN31 [ro], which connects the two cities.
As of the 2021 Romanian census, Chiselet had a population of 3,104; of those, 70.81% were Romanians and 23.26% Roma.
# Executive Order 13991

Executive Order 13991, officially titled Protecting the Federal Workforce and Requiring Mask-Wearing (and also referred to as the 100 Day Masking Challenge), is an executive order signed by U.S. President Joe Biden on January 20, 2021. The order commands federal agencies and properties to require that mitigations to help reduce the spread of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), as recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), be employed and enforced by the employees and visitors of federal land and properties, including social distancing and the wearing of face masks.

## Provisions

The order states that the heads of executive departments and agencies "shall immediately take action, as appropriate and consistent with applicable law, to require compliance with CDC guidelines with respect to wearing masks, maintaining physical distance, and other public health measures" by visitors and employees of federal land and properties, and commands the Secretary of Health and Human Services to "engage" with political leaders and community members to "[maximize] public compliance with, and addressing any obstacles to, mask-wearing and other public health best practices identified by [the] CDC." The order was revoked on April 12, 2024.
# Life Goes On (Little Texas song)

"Life Goes On" is a song recorded by American country music group Little Texas. It was released in August 1995 as the first single from the band's Greatest Hits compilation album. The song was co-written by the band's drummer, Del Gray and songwriters Thom McHugh and Keith Follesé. Life Goes On was Little Texas's thirteenth entry on the Billboard charts, peaking at #5 on the Hot Country Songs chart and reaching #4 on Canada's RPM country tracks chart. It would be their last single to make it to the Top 40.

## Content

"Life Goes On" is an uptempo song in the band's characteristic harmonizing style. The song's lyrics are simple in that the narrator remembers a lost love and basically sums up his feelings with "I miss ya honey but life goes on."

## Music video

The music video was directed by Gerry Wenner and premiered in September 1995. It was filmed on August 8, 1995, and features the band playing the song at a bar with a pool table, while clips from their previous music videos are shown.

## Chart performance

"Life Goes On" debuted at #59 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of September 2, 1995.
| Chart (1995) | Peak position |
| Canada Country Tracks (RPM) | 4 |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 5 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (1995) | Position |
| Canada Country Tracks (RPM) | 49 |
# 2001 Aston by-election

The 2001 Aston by-election was held in the Australian electorate of Aston in Victoria on 14 July 2001. The by-election was triggered by the death of the sitting member, the Liberal Party of Australia's Peter Nugent, on 24 April 2001. The writ for the by-election was issued on 1 June 2001.

## Background

The by-election was an important test for the Liberal Party. The federal Liberal government had introduced a controversial Goods and Services Tax just over a year before, and unpopular sentiment surrounding the government and its GST were believed to have led to the defeat of the Coalition in Western Australia and Queensland state elections in landslides. The Liberals had also lost the seat of Ryan in a recent by-election, and the ALP led by Kim Beazley was ahead in opinion polls.

## Results

Aston by-election, 2001 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Chris Pearce | 31,640 | 40.73 | −7.76 |
| | Labor | Kieran Boland | 28,716 | 36.96 | −1.55 |
| | Democrats | Pierre Harcourt | 6,271 | 8.07 | +0.54 |
| | Independent | Garry Scates | 3,401 | 4.38 | +4.38 |
| | Greens | Mick Kir | 1,877 | 2.42 | +2.42 |
| | One Nation | June Scott | 1,369 | 1.76 | −1.13 |
| | Independent | Peter O'Loughlin | 1,160 | 1.49 | +1.49 |
| | HEMP | Graeme Dunstan | 711 | 0.92 | +0.92 |
| | Liberals for Forests | Luke James Chamberlain | 680 | 0.88 | +0.88 |
| | No GST | Mark Sloan | 618 | 0.80 | +0.80 |
| | Citizens Electoral Council | Doug Mitchell | 334 | 0.43 | +0.43 |
| | | Josephine Cox | 328 | 0.42 | +0.42 |
| | Independent | Steve Raskovy | 227 | 0.29 | +0.29 |
| | Hope | Tim Petherbridge | 232 | 0.30 | +0.30 |
| | | Mark Ward | 126 | 0.16 | +0.16 |
| Total formal votes | Total formal votes | Total formal votes | 77,690 | 94.16 | −3.01 |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 4,819 | 5.84 | +3.01 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 82,509 | 92.54 | −4.10 |
| Two-party-preferred result ||||||
| | Liberal | Chris Pearce | 39,299 | 50.58 | −3.66 |
| | Labor | Kieran Boland | 38,391 | 49.42 | +3.66 |
| | Liberal hold | Liberal hold | Swing | −3.66 | |

## Aftermath

Chris Pearce won the by-election, retaining Aston for the Liberal Party, but suffering a swing of 3.66%. Prime Minister John Howard appeared on the first episode of the ABC program Insiders the next day, where he suggested that Labor's electoral momentum had been held in check, and the government was back in the game:
   I believe that the Government is well and truly back in the game. If there were an unstoppable momentum for Labor to win the federal election, they'd have rolled us over in Aston.
The Howard government reportedly spent $700,000 on political advertising in the lead-up to the by-election.
# Cameroon at the 1976 Summer Olympics

During the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Cameroon, along with many other African countries, boycotted due to the participation of New Zealand, who still had sporting links with South Africa.
Athletes from Cameroon, Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia competed on 18–20 July before these nations withdrew from the Games.

## Results by event
### Cycling
#### Team time trial

* Joseph Kono, Maurice Moutat, Henri Mveh, and Nicolas Owona – did not finish (→ 28th place)
# London International Stamp Exhibition 1960

The London International Stamp Exhibition was held at the Royal Festival Hall from 9 to 16 July 1960. Souvenir labels were produced for the event depicting Colonel Henry Bishop, as it was the tercentenary of the General Post Office. A non-postal souvenir sheet showing six rare stamps was also produced by Harrison and Sons.

## Palmares

The principal awards went to the following exhibits:
The Grand Prix went to Reginald M. Phillips (U.K.) for ‘Great Britain’.
Special Awards went to Gerald E. Anderegg (Switzerland) for ‘Switzerland’ and Mario Tomasini (Italy) for ‘Italian States’.