OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Battle of Yalama

Battle of Yalama (Azerbaijani: Yalama döyüşü) took place on April 28, 1920, in the territory of Yalama between the Yala garrison of the Quba regiment of the National Army of the Azerbaijan People's Republic and the XI Red Army.
At 00:05 on April 28, 1920, the 11th Red Army of 70,000 crossed the bridge over the Samur River, led by the Third International, three more armored trains and a 300-man infantry. Anastas Mikoyan and Gazanfar Musabayov also came to Azerbaijan to establish a Soviet government on Russian bayonets.
They are surprised to see soldiers of the infantry and six cavalry armored trains guarding the bridge. Because only a few hours ago, they were dancing on this bridge with the Russian officers and soldiers who are now coming to them with guns, talking about friendship and brotherhood... It is not difficult for the Russians to break the resistance of a small group with artillery and machine gun fire. After that, the train goes to Yalama. Along the way, they are followed by cavalry patrols of Azerbaijanis from the forest on the side of the railway.
The Russians want to attack Yalama suddenly. Their landing cuts the telephone lines connecting the station and the border checkpoints. However, two companies armed with several light artillery and machine guns, a cavalry squadron of 300 people and a small gendarmerie detachment under the command of Agali Babazadeh, an officer of the Quba Regiment of the Azerbaijani Army, are waiting for the enemy near the station. The garrison was alerted by cavalry patrols. But the forces were extremely unequal. There was no hope that Hamdulla Efendi would be able to help anyone except a group of volunteers.
The first collision occurred one kilometer before the station. Azerbaijanis send a locomotive against armored trains from Yalama. The aim is to cause an accident, disrupt the railway and block the trains. However, the boiler of the steam engine was blown up by two accurate cannon fire from "III International". The locomotive slows down and stops before it reaches the train. After that, a heavy battle begins. The positions of Azerbaijani artillerymen and machine guns are destroyed by armored trains. A Russian paratrooper, backed by shrapnel and machine gun fire, attacked.
The licking garrison lasted two hours.350 fighters guard the station until their last breath. Survivors retreat to join guerrilla groups.
The Russian paratroopers also suffered heavy losses in the battle. For example, one of the famous commanders of the XI Red Army, a veteran of the 28th division Nemikin also died in this battle.
# Francesco de Tatti

Francesco de Tatti (also known as Francesco de'Tatti) was an Italian painter known for a few handfuls of works. Tatti was active in the Renaissance period from 1512 to 1520, in Varese.
# Francis Bird (architect)

Francis Bird (14 November 1845– 24 May 1937) was a businessman and architect in Western Australia. Bird was born in Hyde Park in London, the third son of Mr and Mrs George Bird of Pinner Hall, Middlesex.
After being articled to architects in England, he left the country and arrived in Fremantle in 1869 aboard the Bridgetown. Once settled he set up a business partnership with timber merchant Benjamin Mason named Mason, Bird and Co.
By 1871 Bird had secured a timber concession over 100,000 acres (40,469 ha) in the Canning District from the British Government. In 1877 he relinquished his milling interests and settled in Perth to practice as an architect. Eventually appointed as Chief Government Architect in 1883 he remained in the position until 1884. By 1889 he moved to Albany and took up residence at Old Farm, Strawberry Hill where he remained for the rest of his life. Bird stood unsuccessfully for the seat of Albany at the 1890 general election, losing by a large margin to Lancel de Hamel.
# 1940 Nottingham Central by-election

The 1940 Nottingham Central by-election was a parliamentary by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Nottingham Central on 19 July 1940. The seat had become vacant when the Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) Sir Terence O'Connor had died on 7 May 1940. O'Connor had held the seat since a by-election in 1930.
The Conservative party selected as its candidate Sir Frederick Sykes, the former Governor of Bombay who had been MP for Sheffield Hallam from 1922 to 1928. The parties in the war-time Coalition Government had agreed not to contest vacancies in seats held by other coalition parties, so Sykes was returned unopposed. He was defeated at the 1945 general election.
# Ferenc Szekeres

Ferenc Szekeres (born 21 March 1947) is a retired long-distance runner from Hungary, who twice won the Amsterdam Marathon, in 1979 and 1981. He represented his native country in at two Summer Olympics: 1972 and 1980.
# Fangshan Chengguan station

Fangshan Chengguan station (simplified Chinese: 房山城关站; traditional Chinese: 房山城關站; pinyin: Fángshān Chéngguān Zhàn) is a station on the Yanfang Line of the Beijing Subway. It was opened on 30 December 2017.

## Station layout

The station has an elevated island platform.

## Exits

There are 4 exits, lettered A1, A2, B1, and B2. Exits A1 and B2 are accessible.

## Gallery

* Platform
# Scotland Decides: Salmond versus Darling

Scotland Decides: Salmond versus Darling is a Scottish television debate that was first broadcast on BBC One Scotland on 25 August 2014. The 90-minute broadcast marked the second and last face-to-face debate between First Minister Alex Salmond and Alistair Darling before the Scottish independence referendum held on 18 September 2014. The event took place in front of a studio audience of 200 people.
The debate, moderated by Glenn Campbell, saw both politicians make opening statements, cross-examine each other and take questions from the audience. At the end of the clash, they were both given the chance to make a closing speech.

## Responses

A snap poll conducted by ICM Research stated Salmond won the debate by 71% to 29%. In an analysis piece for the What Scotland Thinks website, Professor John Curtice said that although the poll showed the majority of undecided voters had thought Salmond had won, it had only a very small effect (less than 1%) on the voting intention figures.
Amongst the national newspapers, The Herald, the Daily Record and The Scottish Sun reckoned that Salmond won. The Scotsman and the Scottish Daily Mail took a different line, highlighting the "heated" nature of the exchanges, which the Mail believed would turn off voters. Some of the headlines referred to the debate as "Salmond fighting back" or "Salmond strikes back", contrasting the outcome of the two debates.
BBC political editor Nick Robinson commented that Darling was "edgy and nervy", while Salmond appeared "better prepared and more confident". Yes Scotland chief executive Blair Jenkins compared the two debates to a European Cup tie in football, implying that Salmond had performed better overall. Speaking for the no campaign, Labour MP Douglas Alexander said that Darling had asked the right questions of Salmond and that there was insufficient clarity in response.

## Broadcast arrangements

The audience for the live broadcast on BBC One Scotland reached an audience of 843,000, a 37% share of the television audience in Scotland. Unlike the first debate, which was not broadcast live on television elsewhere in the United Kingdom, the debate was broadcast live on BBC Two in the rest of the United Kingdom. The average audience for the BBC Two broadcast was 1.5 million, representing a 6.8% share. The debate was also simulcast on Sky News and the BBC News Channel. BBC News said the following day that 4.5 million people had watched the debate across its outlets.
# JanusVR

JanusVR was a company based in San Mateo, California, and Toronto, Ontario, that developed immersive web browsing software. It was founded by James McCrae and Karan Singh in December 2014. Named after Janus, the Roman God of passages, JanusVR portrayed web content in multi-dimensional spaces interconnected by portals. The company shut down in 2019, but released their code as open source in the hopes that the community would continue its development.

## Company

The founders of JanusVR came from the Dynamic Graphics Project, Computer Science at the University of Toronto. Development of JanusVR began in the middle of 2013, with early progress documented on the Oculus VR Rift Forum, and subsequently in the JanusVR subreddit. In August 2015, JanusVR joined the Boost.VC accelerator program, and raised a Seed Series round with Lerer Hippeau Ventures.
# Sheikh Obaid bin Thani House

The Sheikh Obaid bin Thani House is a historic building and former residence of Sheikh Obaid bin Thani, located in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
The house was built of stone from the sea, gypsum, and mud in 1916. It is now a museum. The house is located in the Al Shindagha area close to the Sheikh Saeed Al Maktoum House.
# Ruth Linn

Ruth Linn (Hebrew: רות לין) is a professor in the Department of Counseling and Human Development at the University of Haifa. Specializing in moral psychology, she has focused on moral disobedience, including resistance to authority.
Linn is the author of five books, including Not Shooting and Not Crying: Psychological Inquiry into Moral Disobedience (1989); Conscience at War: the Israeli Soldier as a Moral Critic (1996); and Escaping Auschwitz: A Culture of Forgetting (2004).

## Education

Born in Israel, Linn attended the Hebrew Reali School in Haifa, after which she was conscripted, in 1968 aged 18, into the Israel Defence Forces. She obtained her doctorate in education (EdD) from Boston University in 1981.

## Career
### Positions held

Linn taught in the Faculty of Education at the University of Haifa from 1982, and from 2001 to 2006 served as its dean. She has held visiting scholarships at Harvard University, the University of Maryland, the University of British Columbia, and the National Institute of Mental Health.

### Auschwitz research

In 1998, Linn arranged for the University of Haifa to award an honorary doctorate to Rudolf Vrba, who escaped from the Auschwitz concentration camp in April 1944, in recognition of his escape and his contribution to Holocaust education. She also arranged for the University of Haifa Press to publish Vrba's memoirs and the Vrba–Wetzler report in Hebrew. Linn subsequently wrote Escaping Auschwitz (2004), a book about Vrba.

### Awards

Linn was awarded the Erikson Award by the International Society of Political Psychology in 1990 for her work on Israeli soldiers and conscientious objection.

## Personal life

Linn is married with three children.

## Selected works

* (1989). Not Shooting and Not Crying: Psychological Inquiry into Moral Disobedience. New York: Greenwood Press. 1989. ISBN 978-0-313-26497-9.
* (1996). Conscience at War: the Israeli Soldier as a Moral Critic. Albany: State University of New York Press. March 1996. ISBN 978-0-7914-2778-1.
* (2002). Mature Unwed Mothers: Narratives of Moral Resistance. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers. 2002. ISBN 978-0-306-46523-9.
* (2004). Escaping Auschwitz: A Culture of Forgetting. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. 2004. ISBN 0-8014-4130-7.
* (2004). "Voice, silence and memory after Auschwitz". In Lentin, R. (ed.). Representing the Shoah for the 21st Century. Oxford and New York: Berghahn Books. ISBN 978-1571818027
* (2008). "Between the 'Known' and the 'Could be Known': The case of the escape from Auschwitz". In Christina Guenther and Beth Griech-Polelle (eds.). Trajectories of Memory: Intergenerational Representations of the Holocaust in History and the Arts. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. 15–40. ISBN 978-1847186461
* (2011). "Rudolf Vrba and the Auschwitz reports: Conflicting historical interpretations". In Randolph L. Braham and W. J. vanden Heuvel (eds.). The Auschwitz Reports and the Holocaust in Hungary. New York: Columbia University Press, 153–210. ISBN 978-0880336888
* (2016) with Esther Dror. איך קרה ששרדת. (How Did You Survive). Tel Aviv: Hakibbutz Hameuchad Publications (Hebrew). OCLC 951010824
# Ahuacatlán, Nayarit

Ahuacatlán (Spanish pronunciation:) is both a municipality and a municipal seat in the Mexican state of Nayarit. The municipal seat had a population of 8,819 in 2005.

## Geography

It is located in the southeastern part of the state and has boundaries with the following municipalities: in the north with San Pedro Lagunillas, Santa María del Oro and Jala; in the south with the state of Jalisco and the municipality of Amatlán de Cañas; in the east with Ixtlán del Río, Jala and Amatlán de Cañas; and in the west with San Pedro Lagunillas.
The area of the municipality is 466.60 square kilometers and the population was 14,114 in 2005. The municipal seat had a population of 8,819 in 2005.

## Etymology

The name Ahuacatlán, means "place where there is a lot of avocado", coming from the Nahuatl words "Tlan", which means place; and "Ahua" which means "avocado".

## Economy

The main economic activity is agriculture with the growing of avocados, sugarcane, maize, sorghum, peanuts, and beans. There is also cattle and pig raising. Small industries produce molasses, tequila, and building materials.
# 4 O'Clock murders

The 4 O'Clock murders was a coordinated shooting of four people at the same time on June 6, 1988, at three locations in Texas led by Mormon fundamentalist leader Heber LeBaron of the Church of the Firstborn. Heber was the successor as church leader to Ervil LeBaron (nicknamed the "Mormon Manson" after Charles Manson)$^{:4}$ of the similarly named Church of the First Born of the Lamb of God. Ervil had previously orchestrated the murder of several others he perceived as apostates. Authorities say the religious organizations were responsible for over 20 deaths over several decades.

## Depictions

The murders were depicted in the 2024 Hulu documentary Daughters of the Cult, and the 1992 book The 4 O'Clock Murders: The True Story of a Mormon Family's Vengeance.
# Qilizhuang station

Qilizhuang (simplified Chinese: 七里庄站; traditional Chinese: 七里莊站; pinyin: Qīlǐzhuāng Zhàn) is an interchange station between Line 9 and Line 14 of the Beijing Subway. When Line 14 opened in May 2013, trains skipped this station. The station was opened to Line 14 trains on February 15, 2014.

## Station layout

The line 9 station uses an underground island platform, and the line 14 station uses 2 underground stacked side platforms. The eastbound line 14 platform is located under the line 9 platforms, whilst the westbound line 14 platform is located above the line 9 platforms.

## Exits

There are 6 exits, lettered A, B, C, E, G, and H. Exit A is accessible. There is also an unnamed accessible exit.

## Gallery

* Line 9 platform
* Line 9 concourse
* Line 14 west concourse
* Line 14 westbound platform
* Line 14 eastbound platform
# 1989 Narragansett Bay oil spill

On June 23, 1989, several hundred thousand gallons of fuel oil were spilled at the mouth of the Narragansett Bay in Rhode Island after the tanker MV World Prodigy ran aground on a reef near Aquidneck Island.
World Prodigy, a 532 feet (162 m) long ship operated by Ballard Shipping under the Greek flag, was inbound to Providence and Tiverton, Rhode Island when at about 16:40 local time she ran aground on Brenton Reef, about 1 mile (1.6 km) offshore from Brenton Point State Park, after passing the wrong side of a buoy marking the channel. She had a cargo of about 8.1 million gallons of fuel oil. The grounding damaged four of the ship's eight cargo compartments; early reports indicated that as much as a million gallons of oil had spilled, but later estimates put the total at about 300,000 gallons. Oil covered about 50 square miles and washed up on shore, but due to its low viscosity and choppy seas that broke up the slick it evaporated fairly quickly. The Coast Guard estimated that the cleanup cost about $2 million.
The collision damaged the hull of World Prodigy in two places, but she was floated off the reef in early July and repaired at a shipyard in New York City.
After the collision, World Prodigy's captain, Iakovos Georgudis, was charged with two violations of the Clean Water Act and Ballard Shipping with one. Both the captain and company pleaded guilty; Ballard paid $1 million and Georgudis $10,000 in fines. In December 1990, the National Transportation Safety Board released the results of their investigation of the spill, finding that Captain Georgudis had been suffering from sleep deprivation and was distracted by working on paperwork at the time of the collision. World Prodigy, having arrived at the mouth of the bay earlier than planned, had not taken on a harbor pilot, and shortly before she ran aground, Captain Georgudis had sent both his first officer and watchman away from the bridge to work on other tasks, which the NTSB judged left the ship "without a qualified deck watch officer for several minutes prior to the grounding."
# 1941 Edinburgh West by-election

The 1941 Edinburgh West by-election was a by-election in the Edinburgh West constituency that occurred on 12 July 1941.
Ian Clark Hutchison stood for the Unionist Party. As he faced no opposition, he was declared elected. It remains the last uncontested by-election in Scotland to date.
# Chappaqua Suite

Chappaqua Suite is a free jazz album by alto saxophonist Ornette Coleman which was recorded in 1965 for Columbia Records.
It was originally commissioned by director Conrad Rooks as the soundtrack to his film Chappaqua; however, the music was not used in the released version of the film because Rooks decided upon hearing Coleman's music that its inherent beauty might detract from the force of the film.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings | |
The AllMusic review by Thom Jurek stated: "While not considered a masterwork of Coleman's, perhaps because of its unavailability in the United States in its entirety, Chappaqua Suite is a testament to Coleman's vision as a composer and the power of his orchestral direction. Very worthwhile indeed". A writer for Eartrip magazine described the nature of Coleman's playing on the album: "the unfolding of ideas on a similar plane is not about building up to emotional climaxes, [...] but about the constant stream of ideas within particular parameters which are open to change but which are not under the force of having to change."

## Track listing

* "Chappaqua Suite, Part 1" – 21:06
* "Chappaqua Suite, Part 2" – 18:41
* "Chappaqua Suite, Part 3" – 17:36
* "Chappaqua Suite, Part 4" – 21:48
    All compositions by Ornette Coleman

## Personnel

* Ornette Coleman – alto saxophone
* Pharoah Sanders – tenor saxophone
* David Izenzon – double bass
* Charles Moffett – drums
* Orchestra arranged by Joseph Tekula
# 1932 West Virginia gubernatorial election

Elections in West Virginia :
Federal government
Presidential elections
1864
1868
1872
1876
1880
1884
1888
1892
1896
1900
1904
1908
1912
1916
1920
1924
1928
1932
1936
1940
1944
1948
1952
1956
1960
1964
1968
1972
1976
1980
1984
1988
1992
1996
2000
2004
2008
2012
2016
2020
2024
Presidential primaries
Democratic
2000
2004
2008
2012
2016
2020
2024
Republican
2000
2008
2012
2016
2020
2024
U.S. Senate elections
1863
1865
1871
1877
1877 sp
1882
1883
1887
1888
1889
1892
1893
1893 sp
1895
1899
1901
1905
1907
1911
1911 sp
1913
1916
1918
1922
1924
1928
1930
1934
1936
1940
1942
1942 sp
1946
1948
1952
1954
1956 sp
1958
1958 sp
1960
1964
1966
1970
1972
1976
1978
1982
1984
1988
1990
1994
1996
2000
2002
2006
2008
2010 sp
2012
2014
2018
2020
2024
2026
U.S. House of Representatives elections
1863
1864
1866
1868
1870
1872
1874
1876
1878
1880
1882
1883
3rd sp
1884
1886
1888
1890
1892
1894
1896
1898
1900
1902
1904
1905
2nd sp
1906
1908
1910
1912
1913
1st sp
1914
1916
2nd sp
1918
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
1930
1932
1933
3rd sp
1934
1936
1938
1940
1942
1944
1946
1948
1950
1951
5th sp
1952
1954
1956
1958
1960
1962
1964
1966
1968
1970
1972
1974
1976
1978
1980
3rd sp
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
2018
2020
2022
2024 :
State government
General elections
2010
2012
2014
2016
2018
2020
2022
2024
Gubernatorial elections
1863
1864
1866
1868
1870
1872
1876
1880
1884
1888
1892
1896
1900
1904
1908
1912
1916
1920
1924
1928
1932
1936
1940
1944
1948
1952
1956
1960
1964
1968
1972
1976
1980
1984
1988
1992
1996
2000
2004
2008
2011 sp
2012
2016
2020
2024
Attorney General elections
2012
2016
2020
2024
Secretary of State elections
2012
2016
2020
2024
Auditor elections
2012
2016
2020
2024
Treasurer elections
2012
2016
2020
2024
Senate elections
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
2018
2020
2022
2024
House of Delegates elections
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
2018
2020
2022
2024 :
Local government
Charleston (mayoral elections)
2022
Huntington (municipal elections)
2020
2024
Wheeling (municipal elections)
2020
2024 :
vte :
The 1932 West Virginia gubernatorial election took place on November 8, 1932, to elect the governor of West Virginia. J. Alfred Taylor unsuccessfully ran for the Democratic nomination.

## Results

West Virginia gubernatorial election, 1932 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Herman G. Kump | 402,316 | 53.77 |
| | Republican | T. C. Townsend | 342,660 | 45.80 |
| | Socialist | J. H. Snider | 2,788 | 0.37 |
| | Communist | Miles Stone | 452 | 0.06 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 748,216 | 100 |
| | Democratic gain from Republican | Democratic gain from Republican | Democratic gain from Republican | Democratic gain from Republican |
# Institute of Democracy and Cooperation

The Institute of Democracy and Cooperation is a think tank in Paris. It is a separate organisation from the similarly named think-tank in New York. Both were founded in 2008 by a Russian lawyer, Anatoly Kucherena and a group of Russian NGOs, but they were operationally and structurally independent of one another. The main purpose of the organisations was to provide a symmetrical response to the allegations of Freedom House about the human rights violations in Russia. The New York IDC gets defunct in 2015. The Paris site is headed by historian and former Russian State Duma deputy Natalia Narochnitskaya. The British philosopher and historian John Laughland is Director of Studies.
The institute is connected to Russian funds and visions in media and by researchers, and is said to be created following an initiative by Putin and Surkov. When asked about sources of financing, the former IDC director John Laughland stated that the funds are provided by the Foundation for Historical Outlook in Moscow, which in turn is financed by Russian Presidential grants.

## Focus

The Institute describes its aims as being
   part of the debate about the relationship between state sovereignty and human rights; about East-West relations and the place of Russia in Europe; about the role of non-governmental organisations in political life; about the interpretation of human rights and the way they are applied in different countries; and about the way in which historical memory is used in contemporary politics.
It describes its outlook on human rights and international relations as "broadly conservative", referring to its emphasis on the nation-state as the best framework for the realisation of human rights and a belief that "humanitarian intervention" is often counter-productive.
The institute is active all over Europe, with partners in Rome, Berlin and Prague, and it has organised several Side Events at the UN in Geneva (it is accredited to the UN with ECOSOC status).