OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Stráž (Tachov District)

Stráž (German: Neustadtl) is a market town in Tachov District in the Plzeň Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,400 inhabitants.

## Administrative division

Stráž consists of 11 municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
* Stráž (791)
* Bernartice (90)
* Bonětice (41)
* Bonětičky (29)
* Borek (37)
* Dehetná (37)
* Jadruž (25)
* Olešná (42)
* Souměř (49)
* Strachovice (57)
* Valcha (5)

## Geography

Stráž is located about 17 kilometres (11 mi) southeast of Tachov and 43 km (27 mi) west of Plzeň. It lies in the Upper Palatine Forest Foothills. The highest point is the hill Homole at 579 m (1,900 ft) above sea level. The Úhlavka River flows through the municipality. The territory of Stráž is rich in fishponds.

## History

The first written mention of Stráž is from 1331, when it became a market town. Existence of a Jewish community is also documented in 1331. After the Hussite Wars, the area began to be settled by Germans. From the mid-15th century, Stráž was a part of the Přimda estate.

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1869 | 3,172 | — |
| 1880 | 3,170 | −0.1% |
| 1890 | 3,087 | −2.6% |
| 1900 | 3,009 | −2.5% |
| 1910 | 2,944 | −2.2% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1921 | 2,800 | −4.9% |
| 1930 | 2,683 | −4.2% |
| 1950 | 1,380 | −48.6% |
| 1961 | 1,305 | −5.4% |
| 1970 | 1,145 | −12.3% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1980 | 1,019 | −11.0% |
| 1991 | 958 | −6.0% |
| 2001 | 1,070 | +11.7% |
| 2011 | 1,072 | +0.2% |
| 2021 | 1,203 | +12.2% |
Source: Censuses :

## Transport

Stráž is located on the railway line Tachov–Domažlice.

## Sights

The main landmark of Stráž is the Church of Saint Wenceslaus. It was originally a Romanesque church from the turn of the 12th and 13th centuries, rebuilt in all periods: in the Gothic in the second half of the 14th century; in the Renaissance in 1609, when the tower was added; in the Baroque in two stages – 1720–1722 and 1740s; and in 1878, when reconstruction was carried out after the fire in 1876.
The Church of Saint John the Baptist is a cemetery church located on the western edge of the market town. It was built in the Baroque church in 1734.
The Church of Saints Peter and Paul is located in Bernartice. It is a large Baroque church, built in 1734–1739 on the site of an old Gothic church.
The Jewish cemetery in Stráž is one of the oldest cemeteries of this kind in Bohemia. The first written mention of the cemetery is from 1450, but it is probably older. The preserved tombstones are from the 17–19th centuries.

## Notable people

* Anton Gag (1859–1908), painter
* Edmund Weil (1879–1922), German bacteriologist
# Desiré Dubounet

Desiré D. Dubounet (born William Charles Nelson; 19 June 1951) is an American alternative medicine inventor, filmmaker and performer currently living in Budapest. Dubounet developed the pseudoscientific Electro Physiological Feedback Xrroid, an energy medicine device that is considered to be dangerous to health and has been described as a scam.

## Biography

Dubounet developed the pseudoscientific EPFX device in the late 1980s which supposedly claimed could diagnose and eliminate diseases including AIDS and cancer. The EPFX device is described as balancing "bio-energetic" forces; bio-energetic forces do not exist. Some people died after using the EPFX system instead of seeking or continuing medical care.
In 1992 the United States Food and Drug Administration ordered Dubounet to stop claiming that the EPFX could diagnose or cure diseases, but she did not; in 1996 she was indicted on nine counts of felony fraud, though none were in relation to the EPFX. Dubounet has since left the United States. Dubounet is also involved in homeopathic medicine; she received a patent for a process for manufacturing homeopathic "remedies" in 1997. At least 10,000 EPFX devices have been sold in the United States.
Dubounet lives in Budapest, and performs at the nightclub Bohemian Alibi. and produced and starred in the English-Hungarian comedy The Story of F***. Dubounet also directed the erotic comedy Paprika Western.
# Alexander Alexandrovich Menshikov

Prince Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Menshikov (1 March 1714 – 27 November 1764) was a son of Prince Menshikov who, at one stage, was betrothed to Grand Duchess Natalya Alexeyevna, a granddaughter of Peter the Great. He later served as an officer in the Russian Imperial Army.

## Life

Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Menshikov was the son of Prince Aleksandr Danilovich Menshikov and his wife Darya Mikhailovna Arsenyeva (1682-1728).
With the accession of Catherine, the second wife of Peter the Great, to the Russian throne in 1725, Prince Menshikov was practically the absolute ruler of Russia. Prince Menshikov arranged the betrothal of his elder daughter Princess Maria to the future Tsar Peter II. Prince Menshikov similarly arranged the betrothal of his son to Grand Duchess Natalya Alexeyevna, a granddaughter of Peter the Great. However, following the fall and exile of the Menshikovs in September 1727, the engagement was broken off and the family was stripped of all their positions and property titles and charged with embezzlement and abuse. The family was exiled to the Siberian town of Beryozovo.
After the death of their father in 1729, Aleksandr and his surviving sister, Alexandra, (his sister Maria had died of smallpox while they were in exile) were able to return from exile in 1731 during the reign of Empress Anna Ivanovna. Only part of their personal property was returned such as clothing, linens and tableware including copper and tin. However, the Menshikov jewels were retained by the Empress. The jewels of the family were later used for the crown for the coronation of the Emperor, including diamonds, pearls and emeralds.
In 1731, Aleksandr Menshikov became an ensign in the Guards Preobrazhensky Regiment. He participated in the capture of Ochakov (1737) and Khotin (1739), under the leadership of Count Munnich, and in 1738 became a captain-lieutenant. In 1748 he received the rank of second-major and took part in the Prussian War. In 1757 he was made a Knight of the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky and the given the rank of lieutenant-general.
He married Princess Elizaveta Petrovna Galitzina (1721–1764) and they had four children:
* Peter Aleksandrovich Menshikov (1743–1781) - married Princess Ekaterina Alexandrovna Dolgorukova (1747–1791);
* Sergei Aleksandrovich Menshikov (1746–1815) - Senator, married Princess Ekaterina Nikolaevna Galitzine (1764–1832), father of A.S Menshikov;
* Daria Alexandrovna Menshikova (1747–1817) - married Prince Alexander Bakarovich Gruzinsky (1726–1791);
* Catherine Alexandrovna Menshikova (1748–1791) - married Stepan Stepanovich Zinoviev.
In 1762, he was among the first residents notified of the accession to the throne of the Empress Catherine II. He was then elevated to the rank of General-in-chief. He died two years later.

## Awards

* Order of Saint Catherine (2 May 1727) - the only man who was awarded the medal.
* Order of the Black Eagle (2 May 1727)
* Order of St. Andrew (25 May 1727)
* Order of St. Alexander Nevsky (25 May 1727)
After the fall of his father he was deprived of all his ranks and awards.
* Order of St. Alexander Nevsky (30 August 1757)
# Japanese destroyer Aoi (1920)

The Japanese destroyer Aoi (葵) was one of 21 Momi-class destroyers built for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) in the late 1910s. She was converted into a patrol boat in 1940 and was lost during the Battle of Wake Island shortly after the beginning of the Pacific War in December 1941.

## Design and description

The Momi class was designed with higher speed and better seakeeping than the preceding Enoki-class second-class destroyers. The ships had an overall length of 280 feet (85.3 m) and were 275 feet (83.8 m) between perpendiculars. They had a beam of 26 feet (7.9 m), and a mean draft of 8 feet (2.4 m). The Momi-class ships displaced 850 long tons (864 t) at standard load and 1,020 long tons (1,036 t) at deep load. Aoi was powered by two Brown-Curtis geared steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft using steam provided by three Kampon water-tube boilers. The turbines were designed to produce 21,500 shaft horsepower (16,000 kW) to give the ships a speed of 36 knots (67 km/h; 41 mph). The ships carried a maximum of 275 long tons (279 t) of fuel oil which gave them a range of 3,000 nautical miles (5,600 km; 3,500 mi) at 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph). Their crew consisted of 110 officers and crewmen.
The main armament of the Momi-class ships consisted of three 12-centimeter (4.7 in) Type 3 guns in single mounts; one gun forward of the well deck, one between the two funnels, and the last gun atop the aft superstructure. The guns were numbered '1' to '3' from front to rear. The ships carried two above-water twin sets of 533-millimeter (21 in) torpedo tubes; one mount was in the well deck between the forward superstructure and the bow gun and the other between the aft funnel and aft superstructure.
In 1940, Aoi was converted into a patrol boat. Her torpedo tubes, minesweeping gear, and aft 12 cm gun were removed in exchange for two triple mounts for license-built 25 mm (1 in) Type 96 light AA guns and 60 depth charges. In addition one boiler was removed, which reduced her speed to 18 knots (33 km/h; 21 mph) from 12,000 shp (8,900 kW). These changes made her top heavy and ballast had to be added which increased her displacement to 950 metric tons (935 long tons).

## Construction and career

Aoi, built at the Kawasaki Dockyard Co. shipyard in Kobe, was laid down on 1 April 1920, launched on 9 November 1920 and completed on 20 December 1920. During 1940, she was converted into a patrol boat and was renamed Patrol Boat No. 32 on 1 April 1940. The ship was deliberately run aground on 23 December 1941 during the second Battle of Wake Island at coordinates 19°17′N 166°37′E﻿ / ﻿19.283°N 166.617°E﻿ / 19.283; 166.617 to allow her Special Naval Landing Force troops to disembark. Nearby United States Marine Corps anti-aircraft guns then set her on fire. Patrol Boat No. 32 was struck from the Navy List on 15 January 1942.
# Francis Chang-Sam

Francis Chang-Sam (born July 30, 1948) is a barrister-at-law of Gray's Inn of London, an attorney-at-law of the Supreme Court of Seychelles, a Notary Public and a Senior Counsel of the Bar Association of Seychelles.

## Career

He started his legal career as a state counsel in the Seychelles Department of Legal Affairs headed by the Attorney General. He later held the post of Registrar General in the same Department where he acted as, among others duties, Registrar of Companies, Registrar of Land and Registrar of Trade Marks. He next served as Legal Draftsman and then Principal Legal Draftsman in the Attorney General’s Office specialising in the drafting of legislations, commercial and other legal documents. He later occupied the post of Attorney General for a period of 6 years. He also headed the Secretariat responsible for drafting the Constitution of the Third Republic of Seychelles.
During his time in the public sector, Mr. Chang-Sam served as board member on a number of Government-owned corporations and statutory bodies (including the board of the Central Bank of Seychelles and the board of Air Seychelles).
Recently, he has chaired both the National Law and Order Committee and the Constitution Review Committee.
# Saint-Antonin-de-Lacalm

Saint-Antonin-de-Lacalm (Languedocien: Sent Antonin de la Calm) is a former commune in the Tarn department in southern France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Terre-de-Bancalié.

## Geography

The commune is traversed by the river Dadou.

## Population

Historical population of Saint-Antonin-de-Lacalm (Source: EHESS) :
| Year | 1962 | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 | 2006 |
| Population | 316 | 356 | 261 | 255 | 243 | 237 | 242 |
# Unicorn mantis

Unicorn mantis is a common name for several species of praying mantis across different genera with horn-like protrusions on their heads including:
* Phthersigena unicornis (Timor unicorn mantis)
* Phyllovates chlorophaea (Texas unicorn mantis, Mexican unicorn mantis)
* Pseudovates arizonae (Arizona unicorn mantis)
* Zoolea (Paraguay unicorn mantis, etc.)
# Fredrik Rosencrantz

Fredrik Jakob Tage Ulfstand Rosencrantz (26 October 1879 – 15 April 1957) was a Swedish Army captain and horse rider who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. He was a member of the Swedish team that won the gold medal in jumping; however, he was not awarded a medal because only three best riders from each team were counted, and he placed fourth.
Rosencrantz became ryttmästare in 1913 and was placed in the Life Regiment Hussars' reserve in 1928.
# 2010 Mexican gubernatorial elections

Gubernatorial elections were held in fourteen Mexican states on Sunday, July 4, 2010. The gubernatorial elections were held simultaneously with other state and local elections. Elections for governor were held in Aguascalientes, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Durango, Hidalgo, Oaxaca, Puebla, Quintana Roo, Sinaloa, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz and Zacatecas.
A multi-party alliance between President Felipe Calderón's National Action Party (PAN) and left-wing parties won elections in Oaxaca, Puebla and Sinaloa.
The Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), led by Beatriz Paredes, captured Aguascalientes and Tlaxcala from PAN and also picked up the governor's mansion in Zacatecas from the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD).

## State Gubernatorial elections
### Aguascalientes

The results indicated an Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) pick-up from the National Action Party (PAN).

### Chihuahua

The Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) held Chihuahua.

### Durango

The Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) held Durango.

### Hidalgo

The Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) held Hidalgo.

### Oaxaca

The incumbent government of Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) Governor Ulises Ruiz Ortiz was seen as increasingly repressive and corrupt by voters and political observers. Ruiz oversaw the crackdown on left-wing protesters in the city of Oaxaca in 2006, leading to at least seventeen deaths. Ruiz was also believed to be linked to Oaxacan paramilitary groups which are responsible to violence and deaths in rural areas of Oaxaca.
On the day of the election, Oaxacan police arrested 39 people for possessing bomb making materials in two hotels.
A party alliance between the state's largest vote winner, the Peace and Progress Coalition led by Gabino Cue, ousted the PRI from power.

### Puebla

An alliance between the National Action Party (PAN), the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD) and smaller parties won Puebla from the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). PAN-PRD pick-up.

### Quintana Roo

The Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) held Hidalgo. The mayor of Cancún had been arrested during the campaign for alleged connections to drug traffickers.

### Sinaloa

An alliance between the National Action Party (PAN), the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PDR) and smaller parties appear to have won Sinaloa from the incumbent Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). PAN-PDR pick-up.

### Tamaulipas

The gubernatorial election in Tamaulipas was marred by the violent assassination of the leading PRI candidate, Rodolfo Torre Cantú, and four members of his campaign on June 28, 2010. His brother, Egidio, became the PRI candidate following the assassination.
The Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) held Tamaulipas.

### Tlaxcala

The Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) won Tlaxcala from the National Action Party (PAN). PRI pick-up.

### Veracruz

The Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) held Veracruz.

### Zacatecas

The Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) won Zacatecas from the left-wing Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD). PRI pick-up.
# Saint-Lieux-Lafenasse

Saint-Lieux-Lafenasse (Languedocien: Sant Lionçe La Fenassa) is a former commune in the Tarn department in southern France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Terre-de-Bancalié.

## Geography

The commune is traversed by the river Dadou.
# Committee of Fifty (1829)

The Committee of Fifty met in New York City, United States, in October 1829. They advocated redistribution of property between the poor and rich; as well as abolition of banking, monopoly, and debt imprisonment.
Members included:
* Alexander Ming, Sr.
* Isaac Odell
* Robert Dale Owen
* Thomas Skidmore
* William G. Tillou
They also nominated a slate of Working Men's Party candidates for the upcoming elections.
# Hato-Builico Administrative Post

Hato-Builico, officially Hato-Builico Administrative Post (Portuguese: Posto Administrativo de Hato-Builico, Tetum: Postu administrativu Hatu-Builiku), is an administrative post (and was formerly a subdistrict) in Ainaro municipality, Timor-Leste. Its seat or administrative centre is Mulo [de].
# Thornbury, Herefordshire

Thornbury is a village in Herefordshire, England, 5.5 km (3.4 mi) north of the town of Bromyard. The population of the village as taken at the 2011 census was 197. The village has one church. To the north of Thornbury is Thornbury Court. Two tributaries of the River Frome surround the village.

## Hill forts

There are two hill forts near the village. Nine hundred metres east of the village is Wall Hills Camp, an oval enclosure about 484 m long by 322 m wide, covering 9 hectares. The bank is up to 12.5 m high with an outer ditch.
Two kilometres north of the village and just over the border in Worcestershire is Garmsley Hill fort, enclosing an area about 330 m long and 150 m wide. The walls are about 10 m wide, up to 5 m high from the interior and about 11 m higher than the land outside. Roman bricks marked with the Roman numeral V have been found there.
# Betfair Chase

The Betfair Chase is a Grade 1 National Hunt steeplechase in Great Britain which is open to horses aged five years or older. It is run at Haydock Park over a distance of about 3 miles and 1½ furlongs (3 miles 1 furlong and 125 yards, or 5,143 metres), and during its running there are nineteen fences to be jumped. The race is scheduled to take place in November each year.

## History

The event was established in 2005, and it originally served as the first part of a bonus scheme called the Betfair Million. Its sponsor, Betfair, offered a sum of £1,000,000 to leading contenders for successful performances in two subsequent races.
The initial version of the Betfair Million was awarded if the winner of the Betfair Chase went on to win both the King George VI Chase and the Cheltenham Gold Cup. The Lexus Chase was included as an alternative second leg for the next two years, and Kauto Star won the prize by taking the original route in 2006–07. The format was changed in 2008–09, when the bonus became available to any first-three finisher achieving first or second at the Cheltenham Festival and then winning the Grand National. The Betfair Million was dropped the following year. The £1,000,000 bonus returned as the "Chase Triple Crown" in 2015 when Jockey Club Racecourses offered it to any horse winning the race, the King George VI Chase and Cheltenham Gold Cup. Cue Card won the first two legs of the 2015–16 bonus but fell when in contention at Cheltenham. Since 2016 the Kauto Star Trophy has been awarded to the owner of a horse completing the Chase Triple Crown.
The Betfair Chase is familiarly known by its sponsored name, but its registered title is the Lancashire Chase. It is now the first Grade 1 event of the British National Hunt season. Prior to 2017 it was run over a distance of about 3 miles. The distance was increased to allow a longer run from the start to the first bend.
The original Lancashire Chase was first run at Manchester Racecourse in 1884.

## Records

Most successful horse (4 wins):
* Kauto Star – 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011
Leading jockey (4 wins):
* Ruby Walsh – Kauto Star (2006, 2009, 2011), Silvianaco Conti (2012)
Leading trainer (6 wins):
* Paul Nicholls – Kauto Star (2006, 2007, 2009, 2011), Silvianaco Conti (2012, 2014)
# List of Argentine computer scientists

This is a list of computer scientists, people who do work in computer science, from Argentina.

## A

* Martin Abadi

## B

* Cecilia Berdichevsky
* Fabián E. Bustamante
* Paula Bonta

## C

* Gregory Chaitin

## D

* Veronical Dahl

## E

* Sebastian Elbaum

## F

* Martin Farach-Colton
* Eduardo Fermé
* Luciana Ferrer

## G

* Hector Geffner
* Rebeca Guber

## H

* Bernardo Huberman
* Armando Haeberer

## K

* Delia Kesner

## M

* Alberto O. Mendelzon

## N

* Gonzalo Navarro

## R

* Gustavo Rossi

## S

* Manuel Sadosky
* Sebastian Sardina
* Gerardo Schneider
* Hugo Scolnik
* Guillermo Simari

## W

* Gabriel Wainer
# Oss rail accident

The Oss railway accident happened on 20 September 2018 when a passenger train collided with a Stint [nl] cart on a level crossing at Oss, North Brabant, Netherlands. Four children on the cart were killed, and two were seriously injured. Stint carts were subsequently banned from use on public roads in the Netherlands. An investigation into the cause of the accident is ongoing.

## Accident

On 20 September 2018 a passenger train was involved in a level crossing collision at Oss, near Nijmegen in the Southern part of the Netherlands. Four children were killed, with two further serious injuries; one a child and one adult.
The infrastructure operator of the rail line, ProRail, started an investigation into the accident. The children involved had been travelling to school in a Stint cargo bike-style electrically-powered cart. Initial reports from the scene reported that the barriers and level crossing lights were working correctly.
The Braakstraat level crossing at Oss West railway station has been the location of six accidents since 1975. The seven-car Stadler FLIRT train was operating passenger service 6722 which had departed from Den Bosch ('s-Hertogenbosch) at 08:12 towards Oss.

## Responses

The head of Nederlandse Spoorwegen, CEO Roger van Boxtel travelled back early from the InnoTrans rail exhibition in Berlin.
On 21 September 2018 the child care organisation that operated the Stint temporarily halted the use of the transporters, awaiting the findings of the investigation. Some other child care organisations in the Netherlands also paused the use of Stint transporters.
On 1 October, Minister for Infrastructure and Water Management Cora van Nieuwenhuizen banned Stint vehicles from public roads in the Netherlands, a move described as unjustified by Edwin Renzen, owner of Stint Urban Mobility. On 29 October, Stint Urban Mobility filed for bankruptcy.

## Investigation

Oss West station and the train were both fitted with closed-circuit television cameras, enabling this footage to be used during the investigation. On 23 September 2018, De Telegraaf reported that the investigation included the possibility of electromagnetic interference from the level crossing equipment affecting the electrical control system of the Stint. In July 2019, it was reported that the driver of the Stint cart had been found not to have been at fault.

## Prosecution

In August 2023, the Dutch Public Prosecution Service announced that two companies and two executives were to be prosecuted. They face several charges, amongst them forging documents stating that the Stints were safe.