OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Russian presidential aircraft

The Russian presidential aircraft are aircraft of the Russian presidential fleet used by the President of Russia and other government officials. The presidential fleet is operated by the Special Air Squadron, or Special Air Detachment, part of the Directorate of the President of the Russian Federation. The main presidential aircraft is the four-engined, long-range, widebody Ilyushin Il-96-300PU, a highly modified Il-96, with the two last letters standing for "Command Point" in Russian. The presidential fleet of planes also includes Ilyushin Il-62, Tupolev Tu-154, and Sukhoi Superjet 100 aircraft, among others.

## History

Five modified Il-96s have been used as presidential aircraft, the first one was used by the first President of Russia, Boris Yeltsin. In 2005, the second PUM aircraft was used by President Vladimir Putin. In 2010, the third president, Dmitry Medvedev, announced that he wanted to expand the presidential fleet with two more PUM1 aircraft, manufactured by the Voronezh Aircraft Plant. The aircraft were delivered in 2012 and 2014. One more PUM1 (registration number RA-96022) was delivered in July 2016.
In May 2010, it was reported that the first new Russian airliner, the Sukhoi Superjet 100, could be used as the Russian presidential airplane in the future.

## Description

The aircraft is a highly customized version of the standard Il-96, with extensive modifications for luxury and safety, including advanced communications systems and laser anti-missile protection. The presidential aircraft formerly used the same color scheme as standard Rossiya aircraft, until Rossiya changed its mainline colors in April 2016. The presidential aircraft use the coat of arms of Russia or the Presidential Standard on the empennage instead of the standard flag of Russia. The interiors of the aircraft are inspired by Russian art. It was reported that Vladimir Putin had personally inspected the ongoing work at the Voronezh plant while he was the Prime Minister.
# Shafaatullah Khan

Shafaatullah Khan is a tabla, sitar and surbahar player. He is the fourth son of Imrat Khan.
# Rufous-gorgeted flycatcher

The rufous-gorgeted flycatcher (Ficedula strophiata) is a species of bird in the family Muscicapidae.
It is native to the Himalayas and Patkai ranges, central/southern China, northern Indochina and eastern Vietnam. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. The rufous-gorgeted flycatcher is also common in the northern Kachin State of Myanmar, in temperate forest areas near boreal mountains. They spend winters in places like Thailand, North Laos, and Vietnam, and the Himalayas are a major breeding range. They perform altitudinal migrations.
As the name denotes, they are known for their reddish brown color with a distinctly colored patch on their throat.
# Yesler Creek

47°39′25″N 122°17′17″W﻿ / ﻿47.65694°N 122.28806°W﻿ / 47.65694; -122.28806
Yesler Creek is a stream that originates in the Bryant and Wedgwood neighborhoods of Seattle, Washington, and flows southward to empty into Union Bay of Lake Washington. Portions are daylighted, such as those flowing between 39th and 40th Avenue NE and through Burke Gilman Park. The stream also continues underground underneath Seattle Children's Hospital.

## Restoration

Members of the Green Seattle Partnership and the University of Washington Restoration Ecology Network (UW-REN) have conducted work parties to mulch, clear invasive plants and plant native vegetation around the stream in Burke Gilman Park
# Frigyes Bán

Frigyes Bán (19 June 1902 – 30 September 1969) was a Hungarian screenwriter and film director. His wife was the actress Éva Vass.

## Selected filmography

* The Unquiet Night (1940)
* Matthew Arranges Things (1940)
* One Night in Transylvania (1941)
* Háry János (1941)
* The Last Song (1942)
* Guard House Number 5 (1942)
* Cadet Love (1942)
* The Night Girl (1943)
* Disillusion (1943)
* Quite a Lad (1943)
* The Night Serenade (1943)
* The Three Doves (1944)
* Prophet of the Fields (1947)
* Treasured Earth (1948)
* The Land Is Ours (1951)
* Baptism of Fire (1952)
* Semmelweis (1952)
* The First Swallows (1953)
* Rakoczy's Lieutenant (1954)
* By Order of the Emperor (1957)
* Spiral Staircase (1957)
* St. Peter's Umbrella (1958)
* A Quiet Home (1958)
* The Poor Rich (1959)
* A Husband for Susy (1960)
* Sunshine on the Ice (1961)
* I'll Go to the Minister (1962)
* The Moneymaker (1964)
* Car Crazy (1965)
* The Healing Water (1967)
# Theobald Johannes Krüper

Theobald Johannes Krüper (30 June 1829 – 23 March 1921) was a German ornithologist and entomologist who worked mainly as a curator at the University of Athens museum. He collected extensively in Iceland and in southern and central Europe including in the Balkans. Krüper's nuthatch (Sitta krueperi) was named for him by August von Pelzeln.

## Biography

Krüper was born in Ückermünde in Pomerania where his father was a merchant. He went to the local schools before going to high school in 1844 to Stettin after which he went to the University of Berlin. As a child he began collecting butterflies and birds eggs and peaked at high school after meeting Carl August Dohrn. The lepidopterist Erich Martin Hering also inspired him and Martin Carl Heinrich von Lichtenstein, privy councillor in Berlin entrusted Krüper with the egg collections at the museum offering him a position to deal with the mollusc collections. Von Lichtenstein's death in 1857 prevented this. Otto Staudinger who was also studying in Berlin became a close and lifelong friend of Krüper. In 1856 he explored northern Iceland while Staudinger spent time in the southern part. In 1855 he travelled with natural history dealer Keitel from Berlin. He visited Iceland again in 1856 and Gotland in 1857 where he also obtained fossils. In 1872 he became a curator at the University Museum in Athens. He then collected extensively in the Mediterranean region covering Macedonia, Smyrna, Constantinople and the Kyllene Mountains. He published extensively in the journals Naumannia and the Journal für Ornithologie. Krüper lived with an Athenian woman from 1864 but at the time of his death in Athens they were childless and his collections were transferred to the Athens museum.
Some of his collections also went to "Otto Staudinger - Andreas Bang-Haas" and Wilhelm Schlüter from which they were sold on to several institutions including Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin and the now Slovak National Museum in Bratislava.
Krüper's nuthatch (Sitta krueperi) was named for him by August von Pelzeln. The millipede genus Krueperia was named for him by Karl Wilhelm Verhoeff in 1900.
# Mark Pearson (entrepreneur)

Mark Pearson (born 1980) is a London-based businessman. He founded and was CEO of Markco Media, a European discount network.
In June 2014, Markco Media, the parent company of MyVoucherCodes, was acquired by Monitise plc for £55m.

## Early Life and Career

Pearson grew up on a council estate in Liverpool with his mother and sister.
At age 23, Pearson founded Roses by Design, selling fresh rose petals with custom messages. Through this venture, he discovered affiliate marketing when Interflora and Flowers Direct requested to place discount code banners on his website.
In November 2006, aged 26, Pearson launched MyVoucherCodes with an initial investment of £300. The business operated from his bedroom until 2009, when he established an office in Croydon, later relocating to central London in 2011.

## Investment activities

Pearson has invested approximately £5m across nine companies, with minimum investments of £100,000.
His investment portfolio includes Shopwave, an iPad payment system for retailers, and Calq, a mobile analytics firm. He invested £1m in Ve Interactive, which expanded from 30 to 700 employees across 18 global offices. Ve Interactive reached a valuation of $3bn in June 2015 before entering administration in April 2017. A consortium including Pearson subsequently acquired the company for £2m.
In October 2014, Warner Music Group acquired Playlists.net, another of Pearson's investments.

## Fuel ventures

In December 2013, Pearson and Paul Rous, a former Goldman Sachs corporate financier, established Fuel Ventures, an early-stage e-commerce investment fund and startup studio.
The fund raised £539,900 through crowdfunding platform Seedrs, with tennis player Andy Murray among its investors.

## Community engagement

In 2010, Pearson appeared on Channel 4's The Secret Millionaire, donating £115,000 to three Nottingham-based charities addressing gun crime and domestic violence.
In 2012, he established Hackathon London, connecting developers with investors and mentors. He later sponsored the Young Rewired State Hackathon in Scotland when it faced cancellation.

## Recognition

* 2010 - Real Business Growing Business Awards "Young Entrepreneur of the Year"
* 2011 - Ernst and Young "Emerging Entrepreneur of the Year"
* 2011 - Smarta "Young Gun"
* 2012 - Digital Entrepreneur Awards "Digital Entrepreneur of the Year"
The Sunday Times Rich List 2011 valued his fortune at £60m.
# Gangarampur Government Polytechnic

Gangarampur Government Polytechnic is a Government Polytechnic College located in Kadighat, Gangarampur of Dakshin Dinajpur district in West Bengal. Established in 2013. This Polytechnic College is affiliated to the West Bengal State Council of Technical Education, and recognised by All India Council for Technical Education. This polytechnic offers diploma courses in Automobile, Mechanical and Civil Engineering.
# Doughboy (disambiguation)

Doughboy is a former nickname for an American infantryman, especially one from World War I.
Dough boy, Doughboy, Doughboys, etc. may also refer to:

## Places
### Australia

* Doughboy, Queensland, a locality in the Bundaberg Region
* Doughboy River, a river in Mapoon, Queensland, Australia
* Hemmant, Queensland, Australia, historically called Doughboy Creek
* The Doughboys (Tasmania), a pair of islands off Cape Grim, Tasmania

### New Zealand

* Doughboy Bay, a bay on the western side of Stewart Island, New Zealand

### United States

* Doughboy, Nebraska, a community in the United States
* Doughboy Park, a public park in Queens, New York City, United States

### Other

* Doughboy Island (disambiguation), any of several islands worldwide

## Arts, entertainment, and media
### Characters

* Pillsbury Doughboy, a character in advertisements for the Pillsbury Company
* Doughboy (character), a fictional character in the Marvel Universe
* Darrin "Doughboy" Baker, a character in the film Boyz n the Hood
* Dough Boy, a steward in Moby Dick

### Films

* Doughboys (film), a 1930 film starring Buster Keaton
* Dough Boys, a 2008 film directed by Louis Lombardi
* Dough Boys (film), a 2009 film

### Music

* Doughboy (record producer) (born 1989), American hip hop producer
* Doughboys (Canadian band), 1980s-90s Canadian alternative rock band
* The Doughboys (American band), an American rock band from Plainfield

### Other uses in arts, entertainment, and media

* The Doughboy (Ivone), a sculpture by Arthur Ivone
* Dough Boy (video game), a 1984 game for the Commodore 64
* Doughboys (podcast), a fast-food review comedy podcast

## Military

* Doughboy Award, an American military honor
* Doughboy helmet or Brodie helmet, used by British and American troops in World War I

## Other uses

* Fried dough, also known as "doughboys", a deep-fried yeast dough snack
# Rüdiger Bering

Rüdiger Bering (born 1961, Hanover) is German dramaturge, academic, and theatre historian.

## Life and career

Rüdiger Bering was born in Hanover, Germany in 1961. He lived with his family in the South Palatinate region of Germany. He was educated at the Free University of Berlin where he began his studies in theatre and journalism in 1982. After graduating in 1988 with a Master of Arts degree, he was employed by a variety of theatres in Berlin as a dramaturge.
In 1991 Bering joined the faculty of the Berlin University of the Arts where he taught courses in theatre history and dramaturgy. In 2008 he joined the staff of Theater Oberhausen as the organization's executive dramaturge. He remained in that position until 2017 when he left to succeed Peter Carp as chief dramaturge at the Theater Freiburg. As of 2025 he remains in that position.
As an author, Bering co wrote a book on musical theatre, Musical: Das Unterhaltende Genre, which was published by Laaber-Verlag in 1997. Alone he wrote a book on musical theatre history, DuMont Schnellkurs Musical which was published by M. DuMont Schauberg in 1997. It was translated into English and published under the title Musicals: An Illustrated Historical Overview by Barron's in 1998. Performing arts scholar Alisa C. Roost in her assessment of this work in 2001 stated that at that time it was the only general reference work on musicals to include a section on political satire.
Bering is also the author of several German-language translations of plays written by American and French playwrights. His 2017 translation of Alan Jay Lerner's libretto for Kurt Weill's Love Life was approved of by the Kurt Weil Foundation and was praised for successfully "striking a tone reminiscent of the great song and operetta lyricists of the German and Viennese interwar years, such as Marcellus Schiffer and Fritz Löhner-Beda". He is also the author of the German-language translation of Hedwig and the Angry Inch.
# Styx rule

The styx rule, also known as Lipscomb's styx rule, can be used to calculate the structures of boranes. It was developed by William Lipscomb in 1954. The rule defines boranes to have four types of bonds besides the terminal B-H bonds:
Where:
* B-H-B bonds are 3c-2e bonds, taking up three orbitals and two valence electrons.
* B-B-B bonds are 3c-2e bonds, taking up three orbitals and two valence electrons.
* B-B bonds are 2c-2e bonds, taking up two orbitals and two valence electrons.
* The -BH$_2$ group consists of an extra B-H bond formed on the BH units and is thus considered to take up two orbitals and two valence electrons.
The bonding structure deduced by the styx rule doesn't reflect the true symmetry of boranes. More modern methods that more accurately reflect the bonding nature of boranes like Wade's rules have been developed.

## Calculation

When given the chemical formula of a borane (B$_m$H$_n$), one can deduce its styx numbers by first separating the formula into (BH)$_m$H$_{n-m}$. Then, one can make use of three equations:
* s+x=n-m, due to the number of hydrogen atoms
* 3m+n=2m+2s+2t+2y+2x, due to the number of electrons
* 4m+n=2(n-m)+3s+3t+2y+2x, due to the number of bonding orbitals
With these, one can come up with several integer combinations of styx. However, some are ruled out because styx are non-negative.
# Pokój

Pokój is a village in Namysłów County, Opole Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Pokój. It lies approximately 20 kilometres (12 mi) south-east of Namysłów and 29 km (18 mi) north of the regional capital Opole.

## History

The area became part of the emerging Polish state in the 10th century. Following the fragmentation of Poland into smaller provincial duchies, it formed part of the duchies of Silesia and Oleśnica. In 1742, it passed under the suzerainty of Prussia.
It was established in 1748 as a hunting lodge by Duke Charles Christian Erdmann, a scion of the House of Württemberg, whose ancestors had been enfeoffed with the Silesian Duchy of Oels (Oleśnica) in 1649. The adjacent settlement erected in 1763 with its streets radiating out from the ducal palace was modeled on and named after the Baden residence of Karlsruhe. The Polish name of the village was Pokój. When the Oels fiefdom fell to the Dukes of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel in 1792, Charles Christian Erdmann's cousin Duke Eugen of Württemberg retained the town and palace of Carlsruhe as a fee tail. In the winter of 1806-07, he hosted the young composer Carl Maria von Weber, who wrote his two symphonies (Jähns 50/51) here. In 1842, the village had a population of 2,069. In the mid-19th century, the residents spoke mostly Polish and German. In 1847 Carlsruhe received the status of a spa town (Bad).
In 1871 Carlsruhe together with the Prussian Province of Silesia was incorporated into the German Empire. Four annual fairs were held in the village in the late 19th century.
In the final stages of World War II, a German-organized death march of Allied prisoners of war from the Stalag Luft 7 POW camp stopped in the village on 20 January 1945, and the POWs slept in an abandoned brickyard. The village was heavily bombarded during the end of World War II following the Vistula–Oder Offensive of the Red Army, and the palace was destroyed. After the war, in 1945, the territory became again part of Poland. The Baroque Sophia's Church finished in 1775 is preserved, as is the extended English garden laid out by the Württemberg dukes. An annual Carl Maria von Weber festival is held to commemorate the composer's stay.
Pokój's coat of arms shows the Württemberg three black antlers on the right, and the Upper Silesian eagle of the Dukes of Opole on the left side.

## Notable people

* Duke Paul Wilhelm of Württemberg (1797-1860), explorer
* Duchess Maria Dorothea of Württemberg (1797-1855), Archduchess of Austria, Palatiness of Hungary
* Duke William of Württemberg (1828–1896), Austrian and Württemberg General
* Ferdinand von Richthofen (1833–1905), geographer
* Duke Nicholas of Württemberg (1833–1903), Austrian officer
* Duchess Agnes of Württemberg (1835-1886), German aristocrat
* Siegfried Translateur (1875-1944), composer
* Johannes Winkler (1897-1947), rocket pioneer
# Mutxamel bombing

A car bombing was carried out by the Basque separatist organisation ETA on 16 September 1991 in the town of Mutxamel (Spanish: Muchamiel) near Alicante. The target was the Civil Guard barracks in the town. However the bomb initially failed to explode near its target. The police treated the car as an abandoned vehicle, not realising that it contained a bomb and while being towed away, the car bomb exploded, killing two police officers and the civilian towing the car away. The bombing was the deadliest of the 40 attacks which ETA carried out in the Province of Alicante between 1979 and 2004.

## The attack

ETA had carried out similar attacks against Civil Guard barracks in Zaragoza in 1987, killing 12 people, and in Vic three and a half months before the Mutxamel attack, killing ten people. The Mutxamel barracks was home to six Civil Guards, three of them married and living there with their families.
To commit the attack, ETA used a Ford Fiesta, bearing false number plates, which had been stolen months earlier in the Basque country, loading it with 50 kilos of explosives. They used an anti-theft bar, attached to the steering wheel, to guide the direction, ignition and gears and pushed the driverless car towards the barracks. However it missed its target, crashing instead into the wall of a nearby bank. Having failed to detonate the bomb, they abandoned the vehicle. An hour later, employees of the bank began arriving for work and notified the police of the vehicle. Believing that they were dealing with a simple traffic accident, potentially caused by a drunk driver who had panicked and abandoned his vehicle, the police ordered the vehicle to be towed away. Inside the car pound, the bomb exploded, with the tow truck driver and the two police accompanying him killed instantly. A further 30 people were injured.

## Convictions

In 1995, Gonzalo Rodriguez Cordero and Jose Gabriel Zabala Erasun were each sentenced to 136 years in prison for unlawful use of motor vehicles, unlawfully replacing license plates, possession of explosives and as participants in a crime of assault, three of murder, four of causing injuries and one of terrorism.
In January 2007, three streets in the town were renamed in memory of the victims.
# Young Womans Creek

Young Womans Creek is an 11.3-mile-long (18.2 km) tributary of the West Branch Susquehanna River in Pennsylvania in the United States.

## Right Branch

The northernmost branches of the creek are the County Line Branch and the Dyer Branch, which joins the County Line Branch in the midst of Susquehannock State Forest. The Wilcox Branch has its origins further south, running along the east side of Lecox Ridge in the forest, and emptying into the County Line Branch just south of the Potter County line, in Clinton County. By this time, the converging branches both lie in deep, wooded gorges. The Baldwin Branch rises to the east near the Pump Station Fire Tower and reaches the County Line Branch a little below the last confluence, forming the main stream of the Right Branch. Benson Run discharges into the Baldwin Branch a little above the confluence.
The valley is now somewhat wider, but very steep-sided. Lebo Run empties into it a little further below, and then Laurel Fork. Bull Run enters the creek just before it enters Sproul State Forest and meets McUrquoy Run. Summerson Run and then Shaney Brook also enter it before it leaves the state forest, and, just below, joins the Left Branch to form the main stream.

## Left Branch

The Left Branch arises in a natural gas field in Potter County. Flowing southward through Susquehannock State Forest in a deep and narrow gorge, it is joined by Spring Brook and Greenlick Run, and then the Shingle Branch. Hollows made by smaller streams appear along both sides of the canyon.
The Osborne Branch arises to the west of the Left Branch in the gas field, and is soon joined by the small Scout Branch, rising further to the west, and then by the westernmost Porter Branch to form the Shingle Branch and enter Sproul State Forest. The Shingle Branch is at first somewhat crooked and marked by hollows, but the lower part of its course is straight and steep to the junction with the Left Branch.
South of the confluence, Mudlick Run is the last named tributary before the Left Branch exits the State Forest and joins the Right Branch.

## Main Stream Young Woman's Creek

The main stream runs along the west side of Summerson Mountain through Gleasonton and North Bend before joining the West Branch Susquehanna River just downstream of Renovo.

## History

The watershed is largely uninhabited, and is heavily forested by pine and hemlock. The Mensch & Lowenstein partnership ran a narrow gauge logging railroad three or four miles up the Right Branch from Gleasonton to supply their sawmill there, 1872–1878.
From 1893–1903, the North Bend and Kettle Creek Railroad (standard gauge) had extensive logging operations on both branches, and the Slate Run Railroad (3-foot gauge) operated on the upper part of the County Line Branch for some time between 1886–1910.
# Chris Stanley

Chris Stanley (born June 18, 1979) is a Canadian professional ice hockey player who last played with the Rostock Piranhas of the German Oberliga. He was selected by the Vancouver Canucks in the 4th round (90th overall) of the 1997 NHL Entry Draft. Stanley attended Brooklyn Technical High School in New York City.

## Awards and honours

| Award | Year |
| CIS Player of the year | 2003–04 |