OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Alois Bachschmid

Alois Bachschmid, often mistakenly spelled Bachschmidt (13 June 1900 in Augsburg – 21 August 1968 in Bolzano), was a German politician and early member of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) who served as the Gauleiter of Gau Elbe-Havel.

## Life and career

From June to November 1918 Bachschmid served in a Royal Bavarian infantry regiment in the last months of the First World War. Discharged from the military in January 1919, he worked as a salesman and business manager. Drawn to nationalist, conservative politics, he was an early adherent of the Nazi Party in Swabia.
In the aftermath of the Beer Hall Putsch of November 1923, the Party officially was banned by the Weimar Republic. Bachschmid then joined the Greater German People's Community (Großdeutsche Volksgemeinschaft, GVG), a Nazi front organization set up in January 1924 by Alfred Rosenberg, on instructions from Adolf Hitler who was incarcerated in Landsberg prison. Bachschmid served as a member of the GVG executive committee. Other prominent Nazis who were GVG members included Max Amann, Hermann Esser and Julius Streicher.
In early 1925, Bachschmid served on a committee laying the groundwork for establishing an Ortsgruppe (Local Group) in Augsburg when the ban on the Party was eventually lifted. The Nazi Party was officially re-established on 27 February 1925. Bachschmid joined it on 1 April 1925 and received the low membership number 76.
On 25 November 1925, Bachschmid was appointed Gauleiter of Gau Elbe-Havel in central Germany, with headquarters first in Magdeburg, and later in Brandenburg an der Havel. In this capacity he served as the regional Party leader, reporting directly to Hitler and serving as his representative in the Gau. He remained in this position until 1 September 1926 when, on Hitler’s order, the Gau was dissolved and merged with Gau Anhalt and Gau Magdeburg to form Gau Anhalt-North Saxony Province, under the leadership of Gustav Hermann Schmischke who had headed Gau Anhalt. On 26 October 1926, as a member of Ortsgruppe Magdeburg, Bachschmid resigned from the Party for unknown reasons. After more than ten years of non-membership, he was allowed to rejoin it on 1 May 1937 and was assigned as a Gau public welfare administrator. No additional details about his life are known.
# Ephraim Lewis

Ephraim Lewis (27 November 1967 – 18 March 1994) was an English soul/neo-soul and R&B singer and songwriter. He died after falling from a balcony after being tasered during a police pursuit, with only one album to his name, Skin. The album peaked at number 185 on the Australian ARIA charts, with the lead single "Drowning in Your Eyes" peaking at number 145.

## Death

On 18 March 1994, Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) responded to reports of a "naked black man acting crazy" at 1710 Fuller Avenue, the apartment where Lewis was living. They reported that Lewis had tried to escape the officers, and began climbing the outside balconies. When he reached the top floor there was an altercation. While on the top balcony, the police had used a taser on Lewis three times. Police claimed this had "no apparent effect", although according to reports it was applied directly to Lewis's skin. Lewis fell from the balcony and landed on the courtyard below, suffering extensive head injuries.
After being kept alive on a ventilator for several hours, the decision was made to end life-sustaining measures, acting on the advice of the hospital. Lewis died at the hospital that night. The coroner assigned by the LAPD ruled the death as a suicide. It took a month for his body to be returned to the UK. The following month, hundreds of people gathered at the Darlington Street Methodist Church in Wolverhampton for his funeral. His manager, David Harper, covered most of the funeral expenses and the cost of returning Lewis's body to England, but did not attend the service. Lewis was laid to rest on 21 April 1994.
Naomi Hobbs, Lewis's cousin, who is a barrister, said:
   Ephraim was murdered by the police. Words fail me as to why they used a stun gun on someone standing on a balcony. They didn't just use it once but three times and as soon as they used that gun Ephraim was bound to fall and bound to die. It was so reckless
Kevin Bacon, whose Axis Studio discovered Lewis, said:
   Ephraim had the qualities to be a massive star... This was somebody so brilliant at what he did he never thought about it. Most singers have tremendous egos based around their insecurity about their own singing. Ephraim didn't have that kind of ego because it never occurred to him there was anything he couldn't do.
Naomi Hobbs challenged the Police department's account of events. An investigation was not carried out.

## Discography

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |

### Charts

Weekly chart performance for Skin :
| Chart (1992) | Peak position |
| Australia (ARIA) | 185 |
# 2015 Jalalabad suicide bombing

vteWar in Afghanistan (2001–2021) :
The 2015 Jalalabad suicide bombing occurred on 18 April 2015. A suicide bomber on a motorcycle, allegedly affiliated with ISIL's Khorasan Province, struck a bank in the city of Jalalabad in Nangarhar Province, Afghanistan, killing at least 33 people and injuring another 100. It marked the first major attack by ISIL Khorasan after it was formed three months earlier, in January 2015.
# Cratocryptus

Cratocryptus is a genus of parasitoid wasps belonging to the family Ichneumonidae.
Species:
# Pete Silver & Will McLean

Pete Silver & Will McLean are two British architectural practitioners, educators, writers, and technical theorists who work together as a duo. They have taught at the Architectural Association, The Bartlett (University College London), and The University of Westminster's School of Architecture and the Built environment, thus gaining a privileged position in the contemporary London architectural scene.

## Background

Will McLean is a Doctor of Philosophy and artist Bruce McLean's son. He trained at the Architectural Association under Will Alsop OBE RA and Professor John Frazer. McLean has worked on a series of projects with Bruce McLean, most notably Dalry Primary School in North Ayrshire completed in 2007 (www.primaryspace.net), and with US architect and artist Adam Kalkin, working on such projects as 'Quik Build' container housing. He has had a regular feature, covering technical innovations, in Architectural Design magazine - McLean's Nuggets, and was an Editor of Construction History - the International Journal of the Construction History Society.
Pete Silver worked for Solon Housing Association in South London with architects such as Patrick Keiller, Edward Cullinan and Walter Segal. He trained at the Architectural Association under Professors John Frazer and Gordon Pask, and became a researcher in the Land Use Research Unit at King's College London, gaining a unique insight into Professor Alice Coleman's ground-breaking, if controversial work on post-war housing regeneration. Silver was for many years a director of the Chartered Practice Architects (CPA) Ltd. and holds a UK patent - GB2594037 - for a novel type of lightweight, structural diagrid.

## Collaborative career

In 2001, Silver and McLean joined the School of Architecture and the Built environment at the University of Westminster where they jointly head the Technical Studies Department, and co-curate a highly successful public lecture series. They have co-authored five architecture books:
* Fabrication: the designer's guide (Architectural Press);
* Introduction to Architectural Technology (Laurence King Publishing - available in 9 languages);
* Structural Engineering for Architects: A Handbook (Laurence King Publishing, co-authored with engineer Peter Evans - available in 4 languages);
* Air Structures (Laurence King Publishing);
* Environmental Design Sourcebook: Innovative Ideas for a Sustainable Built Environment (RIBA Publications).
# Airstrikes on Zintan Airport

In 2015, a series of aerial assaults were conducted on the town of Zintan (located in western Libya) during a period of heightened tension and conflict between rival factions in the country. The attacks, allegedly carried out by militias aligned with the Libya Dawn coalition, targeted the town which was known for its support of the government based in Tobruk.

## 17 February 2015

Libya Dawn militias reportedly initiated the attacks on Zintan, targeting an airstrip and another location in the city. These strikes were seen as a possible response to Egyptian air raids in the region. The assault led to the cancellation of various flights scheduled to depart from Zintan's airport, carrying Egyptian and Libyan citizens for their safety. Two or three MiG 23 jets, believed to be remnants from Gaddafi's air force, were allegedly used in the operation.
The first airstrike, around noon, damaged the edge of the town's runway. The second strike, four hours later, hit the town center. Authorities in Zintan reported damage to the runway.

## 24 March 2015

Another incident occurred on March 24, when the Libyan Dawn coalition had bombed Zintans airport. Forces aligned with the Tobruk-based government had claimed to have shot down a warplane flown by Libya Dawn. However, the Tripoli Administration had reported that the plane crashed due to technical difficulties. The Zintan airport spokesman, Omar Matooq, reported that two pilots of the downed jet were found, with one found dead due to burns, and the other pilot arrested.

## 1 April 2015

On April 1, an unidentified warplane conducted airstrikes on the airport in Zintan. The strike, which damaged a passenger terminal, was attributed by a military source to Libya Dawn. The following day, similar attacks occurred, with Zintan airport once again targeted by airstrikes, and the nearby town of Al-Rajban also facing bombardment.

## 23 April 2015

On April 23, a Libya Dawn warplane conducted airstrikes on Zintan's airport, causing damage to a passenger terminal, and destroying an airfield control tower. The strike coincided with a separate attack on the town of Rujban, with some claiming the strikes were conducted from Mitiga Airport.
# Fougeré, Maine-et-Loire

Fougeré is a former commune in the Maine-et-Loire department in western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the commune of Baugé-en-Anjou.
# 2015 Kano State gubernatorial election

The 2015 Kano State gubernatorial election occurred on April 11, 2015, to determine the governor of Kano State, Nigeria. APC candidate Abdullahi Umar Ganduje won the election, defeating PDP Salihu Sagir Takai and other candidates.
Abdullahi Umar Ganduje emerged APC's candidate in the primary election. He scored 5,588 votes, defeating Lawal Jafaru Isa who scored 126 votes. He chose Hafiz Abubakar as his running mate.
Salihu Sagir Takai emerged PDP's candidate in the primary election, scoring 1,226 votes out of 1,452 cast and defeating three other candidates. Risqua Murtala Muhammed, Mansur Ahmed and Bello Gwarzo were the three other candidates. Murtala scored 140 votes, Ahmed scored 106 and Gwarzo scored 24. He chose Risqua Murtala Muhammed as his running mate.

## APC primary

Abdullahi Umar Ganduje emerged APC's candidate in the primary election and chose Hafiz Abubakar as his running mate.
Hafiz Abubakar is a professor of Food Science at Bayero University Kano.
He is also the Deputy Vice Chancellor (Academics) at Bayero University Kano. He was a one-time Commissioner for Finance during the first tenure of Rabiu Kwankwaso between 1999 and 2003.

## PDP primary

Salihu Sagir Takai emerged People's Democratic Party (Nigeria) (PDP's) candidate in the primary election and chose Risqua Murtala Muhammed as his running mate. Risqua Murtala Muhammed is the son of the late Head of State in Nigeria, Murtala Muhammed.

## Results

Abdullahi Umar Ganduje from the APC won the election defeating Salihu Sagir Takai and other candidates. The total number of registered voters in the state was 5,006,713, accredited voters was 2,238,369, total votes cast was 2,109,811, valid votes was 2,073,165 and rejected votes was 36,646.
* Abdullahi Umar Ganduje, (APC)- 1,546,434 votes
* Salihu Sagir Takai, (PDP)- 509,726 votes
* Others- 17,005 votes
# Grugé-l'Hôpital

Grugé-l'Hôpital is a former commune in the Maine-et-Loire department in western France. On 15 December 2016, it was merged into the new commune Ombrée d'Anjou.
# 2015 Pakistan tornado

On the night of 26 April 2015, a severe storm hit areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, causing considerable damage in the cities of Peshawar, Nowshera, and Charsadda. The storm featured heavy rains accompanied by hail and high-speed winds of over 120 kilometers per hour (or 75 miles per hour). As a result of the storm's damaging effects, 45 people were killed and over 200 were wounded.
The storm occurred after parts of Pakistan were already partially flooded from prior rainfall in February 2015, up to a meter (or three feet) deep in some places. The storm also collapsed many buildings’ walls and roofs, took down many electricity poles, and killed livestock and damaged many crops in rural Peshawar and Charsadda (including wheat crops and orchards).

## Aftermath

After the storm, many people remained injured or without drinkable water, food, and shelter. The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa government organized and sent members of the Provincial Disaster Management Authority (PMDA) and the military to aid with rescue and recovery efforts in the areas affected.
Subsequent wind, rain and hail in the aftermath of the cyclone disrupted the power supply and telecommunication services in the region. The storm was informally dubbed a “mini-cyclone” in the press. Later analysis by the Pakistan Meteorological Department determined that the event was a tornado.
Heavy weather on the next day forced the Pakistani military to cancel two flights to Nepal taking supplies to survivors of the earthquake on the previous day.
# Natalya Issachenko

Natalya Isachenko (born 14 February 1979) is a Kazakhstani cross-country skier. She competed at the 2002 Winter Olympics and the 2006 Winter Olympics.

## Cross-country skiing results

All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).

### Olympic Games

| Year | Age | 10 km | 15 km | Pursuit | 30 km | Sprint | 4 × 5 km  relay | Team  sprint |
| 2002 | 23 | — | 49 | — | — | 51 | — | — |
| 2006 | 27 | 61 | — | — | 38 | 45 | — | — |

### World Championships

| Year | Age | 10 km | 15 km | Pursuit | 30 km | Sprint | 4 × 5 km  relay | Team  sprint |
| 2001 | 22 | — | — | 55 | CNX | 29 | — | — |
| 2007 | 28 | 45 | — | — | 39 | 56 | — | — |
    a. $^1$ Cancelled due to extremely cold weather.

### World Cup
#### Season standings

| Season | Age | Discipline standings | Discipline standings | Discipline standings | Ski Tour standings |
| Season | Age | Overall | Distance | Sprint | Tour de Ski |
| 2004 | 25 | NC | — | NC | — |
| 2006 | 27 | 70 | 52 | 69 | — |
| 2007 | 28 | NC | NC | NC | — |
# Paris Is Burning (EP)

Paris is Burning is a 2006 EP release by American musician St. Vincent. "These Days" is a cover of a Nico song – written by Jackson Browne – from her album Chelsea Girl. It was her first release under the St. Vincent name.
# SDSS J1228+1040 b

SDSS J1228+1040 b is a disputed extrasolar planetesimal orbiting the white dwarf SDSS J1228+1040. It was discovered in 2019 using the variable calcium Ca II emission line.
Unlike other planetesimals around white dwarfs, the planetesimal SDSS J1228+1040 b needs high internal strength and a high density to not be tidally disrupted. The researchers calculate a density of 7.7 g/cm$^3$ or less. This density is close to the density of iron and it is speculated that this planetesimal is the core of a larger body. This larger parent body possibly got its crust and mantle stripped by the white dwarf, leaving the core behind. This crust and mantle material would then form the debris disk, which is now detected around the white dwarf.
At first the size of the planetesimal was estimated to be between 4 and 600 km or between 2 and 200 km for an eccentric orbit, but newer accretion models suggest a minimal radius of 72 km and a lifetime of 1500 years before it is completely sublimated.
The white dwarf SDSS J1228+1040 is surrounded by a debris disk, detected as both spectroscopic metal lines and infrared excess. The white dwarf also shows emission lines. While absorption lines represent metals that are already pollute the atmosphere of the white dwarf, the emission lines are interpreted as sublimated metal gas inside the disk. In the case of SDSS J1228+1040 it is suggested that the gas is sublimated on the surface of the planetesimal. The gas component also shows long-term variability over the 15 years observations. This is interpreted as precession of an assumed to be eccentric orbit of the planetesimal. Other gaseous disks around white dwarfs show similar long-term variability.
A study questions the existence of the planetesimal and instead suggests that the disk is precessing under the forces of general relativity and gas pressure. This eccentricity of the disk should dissipate within 200 years, meaning that the disk must have formed recently.
# Dyagilevo and Engels air bases attacks

vteRussian invasion of Ukraine :
Timeline
February – April 2022
April – August 2022
August – November 2022
November 2022 – June 2023
June – August 2023
September – November 2023
December 2023 – March 2024
April – July 2024
August – December 2024
January 2025 – present
Prelude
Casualties
Territorial control
map
List of engagements
War crimes
Attacks on civilians
Economic impact
Peace negotiations
Collaboration with Russia
Russian emigration
Nuclear risk
Humanitarian impacts
Russian annexation
Treatment of prisoners of war :
The Dyagilevo and Engels air bases attacks are an alleged shelling by Ukrainian forces of the Engels Air Base in Saratov Oblast and Dyagilevo Air Base in Ryazan Oblast, which took place on December 5, 2022, and December 26, 2022, during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.

## Course of events

On the morning of December 5, 2022, the residents of the city of Engels reported hearing explosions. At 9 A.M, the governor of the Saratov region said that there were no casualties, and no civilian objects were damaged. Later, two Tu-95 aircraft were seriously damaged. That same morning, an attack on the Diaghilev air base was reported. A Tu-22M3 was damaged and a fuel tanker exploded, 3 people were killed and 6 people were injured.
# Israeli airstrikes on the Gaza Strip

This page is subject to the extended confirmed restriction related to the Arab-Israeli conflict.
The Israeli Air Force was founded on 28 May 1948. Since the 2005 Israeli disengagement from Gaza, the Israel Defense Forces have launched thousands of airstrikes on the Gaza Strip from Israel as part of the continuing Gaza–Israel conflict. The airstrikes, widely condemned for targeting civilians, have been described as war crimes by the United Nations, human rights groups Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch. The international community considers indiscriminate attacks on civilian targets to be illegal under international law. Israel says the airstrikes are a response to the rocket attacks by Palestinian militants.

## West Bank

The vast majority of Israeli airstrikes are aimed at the Gaza Strip, but smaller munitions, such as from drones and helicopters, are occasionally used in the West Bank region.
In 2001, PFLP leader Abu Ali Mustafa was killed by two rockets fired from two Israeli Apache helicopters through his two office windows, as he sat at his desk in his office in Al-Bireh city, in a targeted killing on 27 August 2001.
Between October 2023 and August 2024, Israeli forces carried out 50 or 60 air strikes in the West Bank.

## Gaza Strip
### Killing of Ahmed Yassin

On 22 March 2004, Ahmed Yassin, the founder and spiritual leader of the Palestinian group Hamas, was killed by an Israeli airstrike outside a mosque in Gaza City.

### Destruction of the al-Jalaa Building

On 15 May 2021, an Israeli airstrike targeted and destroyed a high-rise building in Gaza City that housed offices of Al Jazeera, the Associated Press and other media outlets.

## Israel-Hamas war (2023 to 2024)
### World Central Kitchen

On 1 April 2024, a strike by Israel's armed forces on a convoy of the humanitarian group World Central Kitchen, traveling from Deir al-Balah to Khan Younis, killed six aid workers and their Palestinian driver.
# Karl Neumeister

Karl Neumeister (15 August 1903 – 2 October 1990) was an Austrian equestrian who competed in individual eventing at the 1936 Summer Olympics.
# 2012 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group II – Pool A

Group A of the 2012 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group II was one of two pools in the Europe/Africa Zone Group II of the 2012 Fed Cup. Four teams competed in a round robin competition, with the top team and the bottom team proceeding to their respective sections of the play-offs: the top teams played for advancement to Group I, while the bottom team faced potential relegation to Group III.
| | | FIN | RSA | DEN | MNE | RR W–L | Set W–L | Game W–L | Standings |
| 53 | Finland | | 0–3 | 2–1 | 0–3 | 1–2 | 6–15 | 78–114 | 3 |
| 59 | South Africa | 3–0 | | 3–0 | 3–0 | 3–0 | 18–1 | 117–61 | 1 |
| 67 | Denmark | 1–2 | 0–3 | | 1–2 | 0–3 | 6–14 | 86–107 | 4 |
| 78 | Montenegro | 3–0 | 0–3 | 2–1 | | 2–1 | 10–10 | 95–94 | 2 |

## Finland vs. Montenegro

| Finland 0 | Golf El Solaimaneyah Club, Cairo, Egypt 18 April 2012 Red clay (outdoors) | Golf El Solaimaneyah Club, Cairo, Egypt 18 April 2012 Red clay (outdoors) | Montenegro 3 |
| 1 2 3 1 Ella Leivo Vladica Babić 2 6 7$^7$ 6$^5$ 1 6   2 Piia Suomalainen Danka Kovinić 6 4 4 6 4 6   3 Johanna Hyöty / Emma Laine Danka Kovinić / Danica Krstajić 6$^4$ 7$^7$ 3 6 ||||

## South Africa vs. Denmark

| South Africa 3 | Golf El Solaimaneyah Club, Cairo, Egypt 18 April 2012 Red clay (outdoors) | Golf El Solaimaneyah Club, Cairo, Egypt 18 April 2012 Red clay (outdoors) | Denmark 0 |
| 1 2 3 1 Ilze Hattingh Mai Grage 7$^7$ 6$^1$ 5 7 6 0   2 Natalie Grandin Karen Barbat 7$^7$ 6$^4$ 6 4     3 Natalie Grandin / Madrie Le Roux Malou Ejdesgaard / Mai Grage 7 5 6 3 ||||

## Finland vs. South Africa

| Finland 0 | Golf El Solaimaneyah Club, Cairo, Egypt 19 April 2012 Red clay (outdoors) | Golf El Solaimaneyah Club, Cairo, Egypt 19 April 2012 Red clay (outdoors) | South Africa 3 |
| 1 2 3 1 Johanna Hyöty Ilze Hattingh 2 6 1 6     2 Piia Suomalainen Natalie Grandin 4 6 3 6     3 Johanna Hyöty / Ella Leivo Natalie Grandin / Madrie le Roux 0 6 1 6 ||||

## Denmark vs. Montenegro

| Denmark 1 | Golf El Solaimaneyah Club, Cairo, Egypt 19 April 2012 Red clay (outdoors) | Golf El Solaimaneyah Club, Cairo, Egypt 19 April 2012 Red clay (outdoors) | Montenegro 2 |
| 1 2 3 1 Mai Grage Vladica Babić 6 3 6 2     2 Karen Barbat Danka Kovinić 1 6 3 6     3 Malou Ejdesgaard / Mai Grage Danka Kovinić / Danica Krstajić 4 6 4 6 ||||

## Finland vs. Denmark

| Finland 2 | Golf El Solaimaneyah Club, Cairo, Egypt 20 April 2012 Red clay (outdoors) | Golf El Solaimaneyah Club, Cairo, Egypt 20 April 2012 Red clay (outdoors) | Denmark 1 |
| 1 2 3 1 Ella Leivo Mai Grage 2 6 3 6     2 Piia Suomalainen Karen Barbat 6 2 6 4     3 Emma Laine / Piia Suomalainen Karen Barbat / Malou Ejdesgaard 6 2 4 6 7 5 ||||

## South Africa vs. Montenegro

| South Africa 3 | Golf El Solaimaneyah Club, Cairo, Egypt 20 April 2012 Red clay (outdoors) | Golf El Solaimaneyah Club, Cairo, Egypt 20 April 2012 Red clay (outdoors) | Montenegro 0 |
| 1 2 3 1 Ilze Hattingh Vladica Babić 6 2 6 4     2 Natalie Grandin Danka Kovinić 6 4 7$^7$ 6$^2$     3 Lynn Kiro / Madrie Le Roux Vladica Babić / Milica Šljukić 6 1 6 2 ||||