OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Allegra Collins

Allegra Collins (born January 13, 1972) is an American attorney, educator and judge of the North Carolina Court of Appeals.
Collins attended the University of California at Los Angeles before transferring and earning an undergraduate degree from the College of William & Mary in 1994. She represented the United States in the Pan American Games on the United States women's national handball team. She earned her Juris Doctor degree from the Norman Adrian Wiggins School of Law at Campbell University in 2006. She worked as a law clerk to Judge Linda Stephens of the North Carolina Court of Appeals from 2007 to 2010, as an appellate reporter for the North Carolina Supreme Court from 2011 to 2014, and in private practice from 2015 to 2018. She also taught law at the Norman Adrian Wiggins School of Law. In 2023, Judge Collins received her LLM in Judicial Studies from Duke Law School.
In 2018, Collins was narrowly elected as a Democrat to an eight-year term on the North Carolina Court of Appeals (expiring 2026). She took office in January 2019.
She is married to Wake County Superior Court Judge Bryan Collins.
# Douglas Mast

Douglas Mast (7 April 1944 – 24 April 2002) was a sports shooter from the United States Virgin Islands. He competed in the 50 metre rifle, prone event at the 1972 Summer Olympics.
# Defence lines of the Netherlands
## Roman defense line

* Upper German Limes Limes Germanicus

## Pre-1874 defense lines

* Circumvallatielinie van Groenlo
* Frisian Water Line (Friese Waterlinie)
* Groningse Waterlinie
* Helperlinie
* West Brabant waterline
* Linie van Beverwijk
* Linie van de Eems
* Linie van de Eendracht
* Linie van Noord-Holland
* Oostfrontier
* Hollandic Water Line (Oude Hollandse Waterlinie)
* Positie van 's-Hertogenbosch
* Posten van Krayenhoff [nl]
* Staats - Spaanse Linies
* Stelling Den Helder [nl]
* Stelling West Noord-Brabant
* Zijper Stelling
* Zuider Frontier

## Fortification law 1874

The Vestingwet (eng: Fortification Law) or Wet tot regeling en voltooiing van het vestingstelsel (eng: Law to regulate and complete the fortification) was signed on 18 April 1874. The law dealt with the defense of the Netherlands against enemy attacks.
The main principle was defense by flooding where as the army of the Netherlands would withdraw to the area around Amsterdam. After the Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871) it became clear that a new defense plan was needed. The law was made by the Minister of War August Weitzel under King Willem III. The Law became dysfunctional at 28 March 1938.
* Grebbe Line (Grebbelinie)
* IJssel Line (IJssellinie)
* New Hollandic Line (Nieuwe Hollandse Waterlinie)
* Defence Line of Amsterdam (Stelling van Amsterdam)
* Stelling van het Hollandsch Diep en het Volkerak
* Stelling van de monden der Maas en van het Haringvliet
* Werken aan de Westerschelde
* Zuiderwaterlinie (Which includes the West Brabant waterline)

## Interbellum (1918–1940)

* Bath & Zanddijk Stellingen
* Geullinie
* Grebbe Line (Grebbelinie)
* IJssel Line (IJssellinie)
* Kazematten Afsluitdijk
* Maaslinie
* Linge - Waallinie
* Oranjestelling
* Peel-Raam Line (Peel-Raamstelling)
* Waal-Maaslinie
* Weerstandslinies Noord-Oost Nederland

## World War II (1939–1945)

During the occupation of the Netherlands, the Germans made fortifications to stop the Allies from liberating the Netherlands and to protect their V2 rocket platforms in the Netherlands. The Germans built new defense lines like the Atlantic Wall but also reused the Dutch defense line like the Grebbe line.
* Assenerstellung / Frieslandriegel
* Atlantic Wall (Atlantikwall)
* Brabantstellung
* Vordere Wasserstellung
* Hintere Wasserstellung
* Panther Line (Pantherstellung)
* IJsselstellung

## Cold War (1946–1991)

During the Cold War a defence line was created to slow down a potential Soviet attack on the Netherlands.
* IJssel Line (IJssellinie) (1953–1964)

## Maps of the defense lines

* Stelling van Amsterdam Defense line of Amsterdam
* Oude Nederlandse waterlinie Hollandic Water Line
* Nieuwe Nederlandse waterlinie New Hollandic Water Line
* Stelling van het Hollands Diep en Volkerak Defense line of Hollands Diep en Volkerak
* West Brabantse waterlinie West Brabentse Water line
* Grebbelinie Grebbe line
* Peel-Raamstelling Peel-Raam line
* Circumvallatielinie van Groenlo Circumvallation of Groenlo
* Atlantikwall Atlantic Wall
# Piedmont Governor's School for Mathematics, Science, and Technology

The Piedmont Governor's School for Mathematics, Science, and Technology is one of Virginia's 18 state-initiated magnet Governor's Schools. It is a half-day school program where 11th and 12th grade students take advanced classes in the morning (receiving their remaining classes from their home high school.) Four classes are to be taken at the gov. school and two or three more per semester at their base school.
Students at PGSMST have the opportunity to earn an associate degree through Danville Community College (Danville students) or Patrick Henry Community College (Martinsville students) while enrolled at the Governor's School.
The School does not have a classroom facility of its own. Instead, students travel to the Institute for Advanced Learning and Research (Danville site) or New College Institute (Martinsville site) to take courses offered by the program.

## History

Before The Piedmont Governors School for Mathematics Science and Technology, it was commonly called the GSGET (Governors School for Global Economics and Technology.)
The school is designed for eleventh (11th) and twelfth (12th) grade students from Danville City, Henry County, Martinsville City, and Pittsylvania County school divisions.

## Upon Consideration for Gov. School...

Nominations of potential candidates may be received from a variety of sources including students, parents, school personnel, and community leaders. Multiple criteria will be used to create a pool of applicants from the nominations to insure that a student can not be eliminated by one measure. The criteria may include such items as grade-point averages, Standards of Learning End-of-Course test results, scores from standardized tests, and successful completion of specific courses in mathematics, science, and technology.
The selection process will utilize percentile rankings on standardized achievement and ability tests, such as the Matrix Analogies Test (MAT); writing samples; unweighted grade-point averages; and teacher recommendations. In the event of a tie between students’ scores, science and mathematics course grades, and achievement tests scores in those areas will be compared.

## Participating school systems

As of 2008 the school has 125 students enrolled from its participating school systems:
* Danville City
* Henry County
* Martinsville City
* Pittsylvania County

## Junior Curriculum

* College Chemistry (CHM 111, 112)
* College Biology (BIO 101, 102)
* Advanced Calculus I (MTH 273)
* Advanced Mathematical Analysis (MTH 166)
* Research Methodology and Design (ENG 131)
* English 11 IALR Site only (ENG 111, 112)
* Applied Statistics (MTH 157)
* Computer Applications and Concepts NCI Site only (ITE 115)

## Senior Curriculum

* College Physics (PHY 201, 202)
* College Biology (BIO 101, 102)
* Human Anatomy (BIO 141, 142)
* Microbiology (BIO 205)
* Calculus of One Variable (MTH 175, 176)
* Advanced Calculus II (MTH 274)
* College Statistics (MTH 241, 242)
* Senior Research Application and Evaluation (ENG 210)
* English 12/College Composition IALR Site only (ENG 243, 244)
# Yuzhi Lu station

Yuzhi Lu station (Chinese: 育知路站; pinyin: Yùzhīlù zhàn; lit. 'Yuzhi Road station') is a station on Line 8 of the Beijing Subway.

## Station layout

The station has 2 underground side platforms.

## Exits

There are 3 exits, lettered A, B, and D. Exit A is accessible.
# Starkville–Columbus, MS CSA

The Starkville–Columbus, MS Combined Statistical Area was formerly known as Columbus–West Point was defined as consisting of Clay and Lowndes counties in northeastern Mississippi, which were separately treated as the West Point Micropolitan Statistical Area and Columbus Micropolitan Statistical Area, respectively. As of the 2000 census, the CSA had a population of 83,565.
The metropolitan area delineations published by the Office of Management and Budget in February 2013 no longer include Clay County as a micropolitan statistical area and they no longer treat the two counties as a combined statistical area. When the 2023 core-based statistical areas were defined, the Columbus micropolitan area and the Starkville micropolitan area were combined, and the West Point micropolitan area was no longer defined

## Counties

* Lowndes
* Noxubee
* Oktibbeha
* Webster

## Incorporated places

* Artesia
* Caledonia
* Columbus (principal city)
* Crawford
* New Hope
* Starkville (principal city)

## Unincorporated places

* Bent Oak
* Billups
* Flint Hill
* Forreston
* Kolola Springs
* Mayhew
* McCrary
* Penns
* Plum Grove
* Steens
* Trinity
* Wells
* Whitebury
* Woodlawn

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 83,565 people, 31,001 households, and 22,290 families residing within the CSA. The racial makeup of the CSA was 52.88% White, 45.44% African American, 0.14% Native American, 0.44% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.34% from other races, and 0.74% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.05% of the population.
The median income for a household in the CSA was $29,748, and the median income for a family was $36,855. Males had a median income of $30,915 versus $20,057 for females. The per capita income for the CSA was $15,513.
# Frederick I, Count of Zollern

Frederick I, Count of Zollern (nicknamed Maute; died before 1125), was often cited as a powerful Swabian Count and supporter of the imperial party of Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor.
He most likely was the son of Burkhard I,$^{:XXIX}$ and was married to Udilhild (or Udahild) of the House of Urach (died: 11. April, 1134),$^{:LXXXVII}$ which house later became the Fürstenberg family. They had nine children;$^{:LXXXVII}$ his eldest son was Frederick II. A younger son was Burkhard, who founded the Zollern-Hohenberg line (which became extinct in 1486).
Frederick was the first reeve of the Swabian Alpirsbach Abbey,$^{:LXXXVIII}$ which had been founded by Adalbert of Zollern (from the short-lived Zollern-Haigerloch line) and other lords.$^{:XXIX}$
The Zollern (later: Hohenzollern) dynasty based their rise to power on their loyalty to the ruling royal or imperial family. Frederick I served the Holy Roman Emperor Henry V, and was sent on a diplomatic mission to France. He also accompanied Henry V on his Italian expedition in 1110 and again in 1111, where Henry V intended to claim the imperial crown in Rome. He is also mentioned as an advisor to Henry V in both 1111 and 1114, both times while the imperial party was in Strasbourg.$^{:XC}$

## Family and children

Frederick I and Udilhild most likely had at least nine children:$^{:LXXXVII}$
* Frederick II (died around 1143), Count of Zollern$^{:XLI}$
* Burkhard (died between 1150 and 1155),$^{:XLI}$ also Burkhard II of Zollern-Hohenberg
* Egino
* Gotfried of Zimmern (most likely near Hechingen)$^{:XLII}$ (died between 1156 and 1160), likely Count of Zollern sometime around 1155$^{:XLI}$
* Ulrich (died 1135 by poisoning), who late in life became a monk, then abbot, at the Benedictine abbey in Reichenau, after supposedly having been involved in the murder of his predecessor$^{:LXXXVIII}$
* Adalbert (or Albert), who became a monk in Zwiefalten$^{:XXXIII}$
* Kuno (?)
* Luitgard
* Udilhild
# Statistical Policy Directive

Statistical Policy Directive (SPD) is a requirement by the Office of Management and Budget for Federal statistical agencies in "the design, collection, processing, editing, compilation, storage, analysis, release, and dissemination of statistical information".
The Directives identify minimum requirements for engaging in statistical activities, such as statistical surveys, statistical products, Standard Occupational Classification (SOC), and data on race and ethnicity. Directive No. 1 stipulates the responsibilities of Federal statistical agencies and units, and some may be more relevant than the other to the specific objective of an agency. Subsequent directives and revisions are issued only when necessary to ensure the quality, objectivity, and coordination of Federal official statistics and the agencies that collect them.
The Directives cover 13 principal Federal statistical agencies:
* Bureau of Economic Analysis (Department of Commerce)
* Bureau of Justice Statistics (Department of Justice)
* Bureau of Labor Statistics (Department of Labor)
* Bureau of Transportation Statistics (Department of Transportation)
* Census Bureau (Department of Commerce)
* Economic Research Service (Department of Agriculture)
* Energy Information Administration (Department of Energy)
* National Agricultural Statistics Service (Department of Agriculture)
* National Center for Education Statistics (Department of Education)
* National Center for Health Statistics (Department of Health and Human Services)
* National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (National Science Foundation)
* Office of Research, Evaluation, and Statistics (Social Security Administration)
* Statistics of Income Division (Department of the Treasury)
Statistical units such as Microeconomic Surveys Unit of the Federal Reserve Board and newly recognized Federal statistical agencies are also covered.
# Stuart Delery

Stuart Frank Delery (born 1968) is an American attorney who served as the White House Counsel, from July 2022 to September 2023 succeeding Dana Remus. On August 17, 2023, Delery announced that he would depart his position, with Ed Siskel announced to replace him by early September
Previously, Delery had served as Deputy Counsel to the President in the Biden administration, announced in December 2020. Prior to that, he was the Acting United States Associate Attorney General from 2014 to 2016.

## Education

Delery earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Virginia in 1990 and a Juris Doctor from Yale Law School in 1993. He served as a law clerk for Justices Sandra Day O'Connor and Byron White, in addition to Gerald Bard Tjoflat of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit.

## Career

Delery joined the United States Department of Justice in 2009 as the chief of staff and counselor to the United States Deputy Attorney General. He later served as a senior counselor to the United States Attorney General. From March 2012 to September 2014, Delery served as the 35th Assistant Attorney General for the Civil Division. After the resignation of Tony West, Delery served as acting Associate Attorney General from 2014 to 2016. Delery stepped down from his position in April 2016.
After leaving the Department of Justice, Delery worked as a partner at Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher in Washington, D.C., where he specialized in white collar defense, constitutional law, and national security. He also maintained a pro bono practice, where he specialized in LGBT and immigration cases.
In July 2022, Delery became White House Counsel after the departure of Dana Remus. He is the first openly gay person to hold this role.

## Personal life

Delery is gay. Upon his nomination as associate attorney general in 2012, he became the highest-ranking openly-gay person serving in the United States Department of Justice.
# Robert Myers (physicist)

Robert C. Myers is a Canadian theoretical physicist who specializes in black holes, string theory and quantum entanglement. He is currently the Director of Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics.

## Education

He did his undergraduate studies at University of Waterloo, gained his PhD at Princeton University, and was a postdoctoral researcher at University of California, Santa Barbara.

## Career

For a time, Myers was a professor at McGill University.
In 2019, Myers was appointed Director of the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics. where he holds the BMO Financial Group Isaac Newton Chair in Theoretical Physics. He served as Perimeter Institute's Faculty Chair from 2011 to 2018. He is also an adjunct professor of physics at the University of Waterloo.

### Research

Myers' research concerns quantum fields and strings, and quantum gravity. His work focuses on foundational questions in quantum theory and gravity. His contributions span a broad range, from foundational quantum field theory to gravitational physics, black holes, and cosmology.
The Myers-Perry metric describes the higher-dimensional generalization of the Kerr metric.

## Research and awards

Myers has also won the Canadian Association of Physicists' (CAP) Herzberg Medal in 1999 and the 2005 CAP-CRM Prize in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics "for his outstanding contributions to theoretical physics, ranging from aspects in gravitational physics to foundational aspects of string theory."
In 2006, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. He also won the CAP-TRIUMF Vogt Medal in 2012, and the Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal. He was awarded University of Waterloo Distinguished Alumni Award in 2018.
# John Wolf Kemp House

John Wolf Kemp House was a historic home located at Colonie in Albany County, New York. It was built about 1780 and was a 2-story, L-shaped frame farmhouse with a gable roof and five bays wide. It had a 1+1⁄2-story rear ell. It featured a 1-story hip-roofed enclosed porch over the three central bays. The entrance and side parlors have Federal-style details. Also on the property were a contributing privy and summer kitchen. The house was demolished in May 2003.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.
# Charles-Eugène Quinquaud

Charles-Eugène Quinquaud (26 December 1841, Lafat – 9 January 1894, Paris) was a French internist and dermatologist.
He studied medicine in Limoges and Paris, receiving his doctorate in 1873. While working as a hospital interne, he was influenced by Pierre-Antoine-Ernest Bazin to study dermatology. In 1878 he became médecin des hôpitaux, obtained his agrégation in 1883, and from 1886 served as chef de service at the Hôpital Saint-Louis in Paris. During his career, he worked closely with dermatologists Ernest Besnier, Jean Alfred Fournier and Émile Vidal. In 1892 he was elected as a member of the Académie de Médecine.
In 1888 he described folliculitis decalvans, a scalp disease sometimes referred to as "Quinquaud’s disease". His name is also associated with "Quinquaud's sign", a form of finger tremor with a sideways finger movement from the interossei. The phenomenon was first described in alcoholics, and its description was first published by a student of Quinquaud's, six years after his death.
In 1882, with physiologist Nestor Gréhant, he developed a method for determining blood volume through the use of carbon monoxide.

## Selected writings

* Étude sur les affections articulaires (first fascicle), 1876.
* Mesure de la quantité de sang contenu dans l'organisme d'un mammifère vivant (with Nestor Gréhant), 1882.
* Traité technique de chimie biologique, 1883.
* De la scrofule dans ses rapports avec la phtisie pulmonaire, 1883.
* Folliculite épilate décalvante. Réunions clin. Hôpital St. Louis, Comptes rendus. Paris, 1888–1889, 9: 17.
* Folliculite destructive des régions velues. Bulletins et memoires de la Société medicale des hôpitaux de Paris, 1888, 5: 95–98.
* Études de thérapeutique expérimentale et clinique, 1892.
# 2019 Hualien earthquake

The 2019 Hualien earthquake (Chinese: 418花蓮地震) struck Hualien County, Taiwan with a moment magnitude of 6.1 on 18 April at 13:01 local time (05:01 UTC).

## Geography

A 6.1 earthquake hit Taiwan which caused damage to weak buildings and roads in Taipei and other districts. Two people were injured while hiking and 15 other people were injured in Taipei. This was a moment magnitude earthquake 9 kilometres off of Hualien County, Taiwan. One of the two injured hikers which is identified as from Malaysia later died in local hospital on 28 April as the only fatality in the earthquake, which is the worst since 2018.

## Aftermath

Several buildings were damaged after the earthquake with many buildings having to be evacuated. Outside walls of buildings damaged and furniture knocked off the wall was not unprecedented. Train services on Taipei's subway were suspended as were the airport subway to Taoyuan International Airport and most other metro and train systems in various parts of Taiwan, especially those around eastern and northern Taiwan, for safety inspections. A building was also leaning on its side in Hualien City.
# Artyom Kavinov

Artyom Kavinov (Russian: Артем Александрович Кавинов; born 3 September 1969, Gorky) is a Russian political figure and deputy of the 8th State Duma. In 2005, he was awarded a Candidate of Sciences in Economics degree.
He began his career in civil service back in 1994 when he started working at the Regional Center for Youth Initiatives of the Department of Education and Science of the Administration of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast. From 2001 to 2004, he was First Deputy Head of the Administration of the Kstovsky District of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast. Up until 2009, he worked as the head of the Department for Public Relations of the Office of the Governor of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast and as Deputy Chief of Staff. From 2009 to 2011, he was the First Deputy Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia for the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast. In March 2011, he was elected deputy of the Legislative Assembly of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast. From 2014 to 2016, he was the Minister of Social Affairs of the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast. He left the post to become the deputy of the 7th State Duma from the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast constituency. Since September 2021, he has served as deputy of the 8th State Duma.

## Sanctions

He was sanctioned by the UK government in 2022 in relation to the Russo-Ukrainian War.
# Kabira Bay

Kabira Bay (川平湾, Kabira wan) is located on the north coast of Ishigaki Island, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. Renowned for its white sands, turquoise waters and dense vegetation, the bay forms part of the Iriomote-Ishigaki National Park. Alongside Mount Omoto, it has been designated a Place of Scenic Beauty. Black pearls are cultured in the bay.
Kabira Village is located near the bay. Its traditional culture was studied by American anthropologists in 1950-52.
* Kabira Bay in 2019
* Tour boats