# VMI Keydets football

The VMI Keydets football team represents the Virginia Military Institute in Lexington, Virginia. The Keydets compete in the Southern Conference of the NCAA Division I FCS, and are coached by Danny Rocco, named head coach on December 3, 2022. VMI plays their home contests at 10,000-seat Alumni Memorial Field, as they have since 1962.
Historically VMI's biggest rival was Virginia Tech. Today, VMI's biggest rival is The Citadel, as the two teams have battled 72 times, with The Citadel leading the series 40–30–2. The series was dubbed "The Military Classic of the South" in 1976 as a reference to the two school's status as the last two remaining all-military schools in the south, a region once rich with military colleges. The winner of each game receives an award known as the Silver Shako. The Silver Shako has been held by VMI since 2019. The last contest occurred on April 17, 2021.
In addition to The Citadel, VMI has minor rivalries with William & Mary and Richmond. The Tribe and the Keydets first met in 1908, and William & Mary leads that series 52–33–2. VMI's competition with Richmond goes back farther, to just their third year of existence (1893). Richmond has won 41 games to VMI's 40, and the teams have tied five times. Also, the Keydets have played Virginia and Virginia Tech 82 and 79 times, respectively.

## History
### 19th century

VMI football dates back to 1873 with a one-game season, featuring a 4–2 loss to Washington and Lee. No player or coaching records are known from that game. The Keydets would not have another intercollegiate team until 1891 under coach Walter Taylor III. Taylor was the son of Walter H. Taylor, a Civil War lieutenant colonel and aide to Robert E. Lee. The Keydets went 3–0–1 in 1891, with a win and tie against Washington and Lee and defeats of St. John's and Pantops Academy.
VMI had two additional undefeated seasons in 1892 and 1894, and a total record of 32–10–2 during the 19th century, setting the tone as being one of the state's top football schools. Although they were technically undefeated in 1899 by a virtue of a lone win over Washington & Lee, the season was cut short and all cadets were sent home due to an outbreak of typhoid fever.

### 1900–1920

VMI continued to have success on the field during the early 1900s. Sam Walker became the head coach at the turn of the century, and, after compiling a head coaching record of 11–7–3 in three seasons, was replaced by future College Football Hall of Famer William Roper. Roper's brief two-year tenure was highlighted by wins over NC State and Davidson.
After several seasons of mediocrity, VMI returned to their winning ways in 1911 under Alpha Brummage, who previously coached at now-NAIA Ottawa University in Ottawa, Kansas. In two years with Brummage, VMI went 14–2, and 7–1 each season, stumbling only to Virginia and St. John's, though VMI did manage to defeat and shutout the in-state rival and powerhouse Cavaliers 19–0 in 1912.
After Brummage left VMI for Kentucky, where he would become the school's football and basketball coach, the Keydets went 7–1–2 under new head coach Henry Poaque, his only season at the Institute. VMI joined the South Atlantic Intercollegiate Athletic Association (SAIAA) in 1918, many of the members of which formed the bulk of the Southern Conference after the conference's disbandment in 1921. In 1920, Blandy Clarkson led VMI to its third of only four perfect seasons with a 9–0 record, culminating with an SAIAA championship.

### Alumni Field

With the finished construction of Alumni Field in 1921, VMI football no longer needed to play on the Parade Ground situated in front of the barracks. The stadium was placed around the same place it is today, and was completed at a total cost of $69,000. The Keydets went 3–5–1 in the stadium's inaugural year, which included key wins over in-state opponents Roanoke, Hampden–Sydney, and a stunning victory over Virginia.

### Blandy Clarkson era

Following the perfect 9–0 championship season in 1920, VMI was much less successful the following year, posting a 3–5–1 record, which was the only losing season for the Keydets under Clarkson. After two stellar seasons of 7–2 and 9–1 as an independent, VMI joined the Southern Conference in 1924, where they would remain for nearly 80 years until 2003. In their inaugural SoCon season, VMI went 6–3–1, which was good for 13th place in a sizeable conference of 22. Clarkson departed VMI following the 1926 season, and totaled a record of 44–21–2 in seven years, the most wins by any Keydet head coach at the time.

### William Raftery era

Following the departure of Clarkson, Worcester, Massachusetts-native William "Bill" Raftery took over head coaching duties of VMI. The Keydets were 6–4 his first season, ranking among the last in the SoCon. Raftery led the team to an 8–2 season in 1929, but it was the last winning season under Raftery's reign, which lasted until 1936. In ten years his record at VMI was 38–55–5.

### Allison Hubert era

Allison Hubert took over for his predecessor Raftery in the 1937 season. Nicknamed "Pooley", Hubert was a Mississippi native and a veteran of World War I. After leading Alabama to the 1926 national championship, Hubert coached several sports at Southern Miss in the early 1930s. He went 5–5 in his first season with the Keydets. Hubert's most successful season with VMI was in 1940, where the squad finished 7–2–1, though it was only good enough to get them 7th in the conference. Hubert left with a 43–45–8 record under his belt after ten seasons.

### Tom Nugent era

When Arthur Morton left VMI for Mississippi State in 1949, he was 9–8–1 with the Keydets.Tom Nugent took his place that January. Nugent was famous for developing the I formation, though it did not happen until the year after he left VMI. Though the first two years were nothing special, Nugent took the 1951 squad to their first SoCon championship with a 7–3 record. The season included a 34–0 shutout of Richmond, a 29–6 drubbing of Wofford, a 27–21 win over rival Citadel, and a 20–7 win over Virginia Tech in the season finale. Nugent left following the 1952 season.

### Alumni Memorial Field and John McKenna era

Possibly the greatest decades in VMI football history were under John McKenna. In his thirteen years with the Keydets, McKenna had a record of 62–60–8, and won four SoCon championships. These occurred in 1957, 1959, 1960 and 1962.
In the same year VMI won the 1962 Southern Conference, 10,000-seat Alumni Memorial Field was built. Costs were around $250,000.

### Bob Thalman era

Bob Thalman came to VMI in 1971. Coming from the University of Richmond, he previously coached at Hampden–Sydney. Thalman brought another two SoCon championships to VMI in 1974 and 1977. He departed in 1984 after a 1–9 season.

### 1985–2002

Eddie Williamson took over the head coaching position for four years, all losing seasons. He was followed by Jim Shuck, Bill Stewart, Ted Cain, and Cal McCombs until 2005. No coach could produce a winning season for the Keydets.

### Big South and return to Southern Conference

In 2003, VMI joined the Big South Conference after 79 years in the SoCon. VMI still could not get back to its winning ways. They were under the direction of McCombs, who would be fired after 2005. Jim Reid would coach for two years, with a 3–19 record. Sparky Woods became the 30th head coach in 2008. The Keydets returned to the Southern Conference in 2014, but Woods was unable to lead a winning season; he was dismissed at the end of the 2014 season with a seven-year record of 17–62, and was replaced by Scott Wachenheim. The 2020 VMI Football team won the Southern Conference title with a 6-1 record, and a FCS Playoff berth. It is their first winning season since 1981.
During the 2021 FCS spring season, VMI defeated The Citadel 31–17 in the Military Classic of the South, retaining the Silver Shako, and winning their first Southern Conference Football Championship since 1977. By winning the SoCon Championship, The Keydets became an Automatic Qualifier for their first ever FCS Playoff berth. The following week, on April 24, The Keydets lost by one touchdown to the #1 ranked James Madison University Dukes, 31–24, in Harrisonburg, VA. Three members of the Spring 2021 Keydet Football team would eventually be selected as first-team All-Americans. Scott Wachenheim, Head Coach of the Keydets, would go on to win multiple collegiate coaching honors for the season including Southern Conference Coach of the Year and AFCA-FCS Coach of the Year. Wachenheim had led the spring 2021 Keydets to their first conference championship in over 40 years and their first ever FCS playoff bid. During the season, VMI was ranked amongst the Top 25 FCS Teams nationally for most of the season, rising as high as #10 in the FCS Stats Perform Poll and #11 in the AFCA Coaches Polls.

## Conference affiliations

* Independent (1891–1899)
* Virginia Intercollegiate Athletic Association (1900–1906)
* Independent (1907–1917)
* SAIAA (1918–1921)
* Southern (1924–2002)
* Big South (2003–2013)
* Southern (2014–present)

## Record vs. SoCon opponents

| School | Series | First meeting | Last meeting |
| The Citadel | 32–42–2 | 1920 | 2021 |
| Chattanooga | 8–16–1 | 1971 | 2019 |
| East Tennessee State | 10–15–0 | 1979 | 2021 |
| Furman | 10–28–0 | 1946 | 2021 |
| Mercer | 2–5–0 | 2014 | 2021 |
| Samford | 2–6–0 | 2001 | 2021 |
| Western Carolina | 4–24–0 | 1978 | 2021 |
| Wofford | 11–13–0 | 1924 | 2021 |

## Championships
### Bowl games

The Keydets have six wins and 18 losses in 24 minor bowl games. This includes nine Tobacco Bowls and 15 Oyster Bowls.
| Year | Bowl Game | Opponent | Result |
| 1949 | Tobacco Bowl | Richmond Spiders | W 14–7 |
| 1952 | Tobacco Bowl | Virginia Cavaliers | L 33–14 |
| 1963 | Oyster Bowl | Navy Midshipmen | L 21–12 |
| 1964 | Tobacco Bowl | Virginia Cavaliers | L 20–19 |
| 1967 | Tobacco Bowl | William & Mary | L 33–28 |
| 1969 | Tobacco Bowl | Virginia Cavaliers | L 28–10 |
| 1974 | Tobacco Bowl | Virginia Tech Hokies | W 22–17 |
| 1975 | Tobacco Bowl | Richmond Spiders | L 24–19 |
| 1976 | Tobacco Bowl | Virginia Tech Hokies | L 37–7 |
| 1976 | Oyster Bowl | Virginia Cavaliers | W 13–7 |
| 1978 | Tobacco Bowl | Richmond Spiders | W 23–6 |
| 1980 | Oyster Bowl | Virginia Tech Hokies | L 21–6 |
| 1981 | Oyster Bowl | The Citadel Bulldogs | W 14–0 |
| 1982 | Tobacco Bowl | Richmond Spiders | W 14–0 |
| 1982 | Oyster Bowl | Virginia Tech Hokies | L 14–3 |
| 1984 | Oyster Bowl | Virginia Tech Hokies | L 54–7 |
| 1987 | Oyster Bowl | William & Mary Tribe | L 17–6 |
| 1988 | Oyster Bowl | The Citadel Bulldogs | L 31–20 |
| 1990 | Oyster Bowl | William & Mary Tribe | L 59–47 |
| 1991 | Oyster Bowl | The Citadel Bulldogs | L 14–17 |
| 1992 | Oyster Bowl | Richmond Spiders | L 41–18 |
| 1993 | Oyster Bowl | William & Mary Tribe | L 49–6 |
| 1994 | Oyster Bowl | The Citadel Bulldogs | L 58–14 |
| 1995 | Oyster Bowl | Georgia Southern Eagles | L 31–13 |

### Undefeated seasons

| Year | Record | Coach |
| 1894 | 6–0 | None |
| 1899 | 1–0 | Samuel Boyle, Jr. |
| 1920 | 9–0 | Blandy Clarkson |
| 1957 | 9–0–1 | John McKenna |

### Conference championships

The Keydets have won eight conference championships, with all of them coming in the Southern Conference, six outright and two shared.
| Season | Conference | Coach | Overall record | Conference record |
| 1951† | Southern Conference | Tom Nugent | 7–3 | 5–0 |
| 1957 | Southern Conference | John McKenna | 9–0–1 | 6–0 |
| 1959 | Southern Conference | John McKenna | 8–1–1 | 5–0–1 |
| 1960 | Southern Conference | John McKenna | 7–2–1 | 4–1 |
| 1962 | Southern Conference | John McKenna | 6–4 | 6–0 |
| 1974 | Southern Conference | Bob Thalman | 7–4 | 5–1 |
| 1977† | Southern Conference | Bob Thalman | 7–4 | 4–1 |
| 2020 | Southern Conference | Scott Wachenheim | 6–2 | 6–1 |
† Co-champions

## Division I-AA/FCS playoffs

VMI has made one appearance in the FCS playoffs. Their combined record is 0–1.
| Year | Round | Opponent | Result |
| 2020 | First Round | James Madison | L 24–31 |
| Playoff Record | Playoff Record | 0–1 | 0–1 | 0–1 |

## Head coaches

VMI has had 32 head coaches in their history. They are currently led by Danny Rocco, a graduate of Wake Forest and a native of Pennsylvania. The winningest coach in VMI history is John McKenna, who had a 62–60–8 in thirteen seasons at the school. Alpha Brummage, who led the Keydets for two seasons in 1911 and 1912, has the highest winning percentage among coaches with at least ten games coached (.875).
| Name | Joined | Left |
| Walter Taylor | 1891 | 1891 |
| George Bryant | 1895 | 1896 |
| R. N. Groner | 1897 | 1897 |
| Sam Boyle | 1898 | 1899 |
| Sam Walker | 1900 | 1902 |
| William Roper | 1903 | 1904 |
| Ira Johnson | 1905 | 1906 |
| Charles Roller | 1907 | 1908 |
| William Gloth | 1909 | 1910 |
| Alpha Brummage | 1911 | 1912 |
| Henry Poaque | 1913 | 1913 |
| Frank Gorton | 1914 | 1916 |
| Earl Abell | 1917 | 1917 |
| Earl Abell & Mose Goodman | 1918 | 1918 |
| Red Fleming | 1919 | 1919 |
| Blandy Clarkson | 1920 | 1926 |
| W. C. Raftery | 1927 | 1936 |
| Allison Hubert | 1937 | 1946 |
| Arthur Morton | 1947 | 1948 |
| Tom Nugent | 1949 | 1952 |
| John McKenna | 1953 | 1965 |
| Vito Ragazzo | 1966 | 1970 |
| Bob Thalman | 1971 | 1984 |
| Eddie Williamson | 1985 | 1988 |
| Jim Shuck | 1989 | 1993 |
| Bill Stewart | 1994 | 1996 |
| Ted Cain | 1997 | 1998 |
| Donny White # | 1998 | 1998 |
| Cal McCombs | 1999 | 2005 |
| Jim Reid | 2006 | 2007 |
| Sparky Woods | 2008 | 2014 |
| Scott Wachenheim | 2015 | 2022 |
| Danny Rocco | 2023 | - |
Pound sign (#) denotes interim head coach Note: From 1892–1894, the team had no coach

### Current coaching staff

| Name | Position |
| Danny Rocco | Head coach |
| Bryan Stinespring | Associate head coach/offensive assistant |
| Bill Parker | Assistant head coach/cornerbacks/recruiting coordinator |
| Patrick Ashford | Off. coordinator/QBs |
| Nick Reveiz | Def. coordinator/linebackers |
| Jack Abercrombie | Offensive Line/run game coordinator |
| JB Lageman | Defensive line |
| Kendrick Scott | Running backs |
| Dino Waites | Safeties coach |
| Bilal Marshall | Wide receivers |
| Greg Wood | Specialists coach/video coordinator |
| Chris Moore | Special teams coordinator/tight ends |
| Ellis Spratlin | Director of strength and conditioning/football strength and conditioning |

## Facilities
### Alumni Memorial Field

Alumni Memorial Field at Foster Stadium, located on the VMI post, has been the home of VMI football games since 1962. Completed at a cost of around $250,000, Foster seats 10,000. The stadium went through a major $12 million renovation process in 2006, with new ticket booths, concourses, restrooms, and a new scoreboard and jumbotron. The field's surface is Bermuda Grass.

### Sprinturf Field

Sprinturf Field serves as the Keydets practice facility, made of artificial grass. It also serves host to 1–2 lacrosse games throughout the season.

## Traditions

* Moe the Kangaroo
VMI chose a kangaroo to represent the school as a mascot in 1947, when two cheerleaders saw one on a magazine cover and thought how "uncommon the animal was as a mascot". Originally the kangaroo was named TD Bound, but later changed to Moe at an unknown time. VMI is one of four colleges with a marsupial mascot. Zippy of Akron is the one other school with a kangaroo mascot.
* 12th Man
Around 20 minutes before VMI home games, the Corps of Cadets march from their barracks down to Foster Stadium while the regimental band plays. VMI uniquely requires every student to attend the football games from start to finish.
* Little John
A replica of a 1750 Howitzer cannon, "Little John" is a corps-owned cannon fired when the Keydets come on to the field, and after every VMI score and quarter end. The one currently in use was designed by Col. Cary S. Tucker. The previous one was retired to the VMI museum after the undefeated 1957 football team finished.
* Rat Push-Ups
After every point scored by The Keydets, the entire class of first-year Cadets (also known as Rats), runs down to the North end zone and does the same number of push-ups as the total number of points The Keydets have on the scoreboard.

## Rivalries
### The Citadel

Arguably the school's biggest rival, The Citadel and VMI have played 76 times in a matchup known as the Military Classic of the South. The teams first met in 1920, where VMI cruised to a 35–0 shutout win in Lynchburg. The most recent meeting occurred in 2021, when VMI prevailed 31-17, their second consecutive win in the Military Classic of the South. The Silver Shako (the trophy awarded to the winner) has rested in Lexington since 2019. Though the schools did not play in 2004 and from 2008 to 2010, the series is set to be played every year once again as VMI returned to the Southern Conference beginning in 2014.

### Virginia Tech

Virginia Tech and VMI first met in 1894 and played annually from 1913–71, usually in Roanoke on Thanksgiving Day. Like the current rivalry between VMI and The Citadel, the match-up was referred to as the Military Classic of the South, due to the military heritage of both schools. Starting again in 1973, the teams would continue to play on a yearly basis, making multiple appearances together in the Tobacco Bowl (1974, 1976) and Oyster Bowl (1980, 1982, 1984). The 1984 Oyster Bowl is the last time they played each other.
After the 1984 Oyster Bowl, Virginia Tech led the series 49–25–5. At 79 games, it is the second-longest series for the Hokies and fourth-longest for the Keydets. Due to the long pause of the VMI-VPI series, the Virginia–Virginia Tech rivalry has emerged as the dominant one in the state. However, in 2017, Virginia Tech and VMI agreed to a one-time rivalry matchup on September 5, 2026 at Lane Stadium.

## Notable players

| Name | Team(s) | Played |
| Tim Maypray | Montreal Alouettes | 2006–2009 |
| Gregory Clifton | Washington Commanders (then Redskins) | 1993 |
| Thomas Haskins | Montreal Alouettes | 1997–2002 |
| Sam Horner | Redskins, New York Giants | 1960–1962 |
| Joe Muha | Philadelphia Eagles | 1946–1950 |
| Ray Reutt | Pittsburgh Steelers | 1943 |
| Mark Stock | Redskins, Steelers, Indianapolis Colts | 1989, 1993, 1996 |
| Bobby Thomason | Eagles, Los Angeles Rams, Green Bay Packers | 1949–1957 |
| Mike Wooten | Redskins | 1987 |

## NCAA records
### Team single game

* Most rushing attempts: 90 vs. East Tennessee State, 1990 (FCS record)
* Fewest passing yards allowed: -16 vs. Richmond, 1957 (FBS record)

### Individual single season

* Most punts: 101, Jim Bailey, 1969 (FCS record)

## Future non-conference opponents

Announced schedules as of February 1, 2025.
| 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 | 2030 | 2031 | 2032 |
| at Navy | at Virginia Tech | William & Mary | Richmond | at Richmond | at William & Mary | William & Mary | at Davidson |
| Ferrum College | Bucknell | at West Virginia | at Liberty | at Louisville | Virginia–Wise | Davidson | at Virginia |
| at Bucknell | at Davidson | at Bucknell | at Norfolk State | Davidson | Georgetown | at Georgetown | |
| at Richmond | | | | | at Virginia | | |