OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ford sewing machinists strike of 1968

The Ford sewing machinists strike of 1968 was a landmark labour-relations dispute in the United Kingdom. It was a trigger cause of the passing of the Equal Pay Act 1970.

## Strike action

The strike, led by Rose Boland, Eileen Pullen, Vera Sime, Gwen Davis, Violet Dawson, and Sheila Douglass, began on 7 June 1968, when women sewing machinists at Ford Motor Company Limited's Dagenham plant in London walked out, followed later by the machinists at Ford's Halewood Body & Assembly plant. The women made car seat covers and as stock ran out the strike eventually resulted in a halt to all car production at the Dagenham factory.
The Dagenham sewing machinists walked out when, as part of a regrading exercise, they were informed that their jobs were graded in Category C (less skilled production jobs), instead of Category B (more skilled production jobs), and that they would be paid 15% less than the full B rate received by men. At the time it was common practice for companies to pay women less than men, irrespective of the skills involved.
Following the intervention of Barbara Castle, the Secretary of State for Employment and Productivity in Harold Wilson's government, the strike ended three weeks after it began, as a result of a deal that immediately increased their rate of pay to 8% below that of men, rising to the full category B rate the following year. A court of inquiry (under the Industrial Courts Act 1919) was also set up to consider their regrading, although this failed to find in their favour. The women were only regraded into Category B following a further six-week strike in 1984.

## Impact

Inspired by the example of the machinists, women trades unionists founded the National Joint Action Campaign Committee for Women's Equal Rights (NJACCWER), which held an "equal pay demonstration" attended by 1,000 people in Trafalgar Square on 18 May 1969.
The movement ultimately resulted in the passing of the Equal Pay Act 1970, which came into force in 1975 and which did, for the first time, aim to prohibit inequality of treatment between men and women in Britain in terms of pay and conditions of employment. In the second reading debate of the bill, MP Shirley Summerskill spoke of the machinists playing a "very significant part in the history of the struggle for equal pay".
Once the UK joined the EEC in 1973, it also became subject to Article 119 of the 1957 Treaty of Rome, which specified that men and women should receive equal pay for equal work.
Several streets in Dagenham Green, built on the site of the Ford stamping plant, are to be named for the women who led the strikes and the equal pay campaign.

## Film and stage versions

A film dramatisation of the 1968 strike, Made in Dagenham, with a screenplay by William Ivory, was released at the Toronto Film Festival in September 2010.
A musical adaptation of the film premièred in London in 2014. The production closed on 11 April 2015.
# Celestina Cordero

Celestina Cordero (April 6, 1787 – January, 1862), was an educator who in 1802 founded a school for girls "escuela de amigas" in San Juan, Puerto Rico.

## Early years

Cordero (birth name: Celestina Cordero y Molina) was second of three children born in San Juan, Puerto Rico to Lucas Cordero and Rita Molina. Her older sister was named Gregoria and her younger brother was Rafael Cordero. Cordero's father, a former slave, was a "Freeman." In 1789, the Spanish Crown issued the "Royal Decree of Graces of 1789," also known as El Código Negro (The Black Code). In accordance with El Código Negro a slave could buy their freedom and thus a former slave would become known as “freeman” or “freewoman.”
Cordero's teache in San Juan. Her father was an experienced artisan who also worked in the tobacco fields. During his free time he taught his children and those in the neighborhood his artisan skills, while Cordero's mother taught her children the importance of obtaining an education.
Cordero's parents taught her and her siblings how to read and write. Inspired by her mother's teachings, Cordero developed the love of teaching others. It was in San Juan where Cordero and her brother began their careers as educators.

## Educator

During the Spanish colonization of the island, Puerto Rico, which depended on an agricultural economy, had an illiteracy rate of over 80% at the beginning of the 19th century. Most women were home educated. The first library in Puerto Rico was established in 1642 in the Convent of San Francisco, and access to its books was limited to those who belonged to the religious order. The only women who had access to the libraries and who could afford books, were the wives and daughters of Spanish government officials or wealthy landowners. Those who were poor had to resort to oral story-telling in what are traditionally known in Puerto Rico as Coplas and Decimas.
Cordero and her brother in San Juan. Despite the fact that she was subject to racial discrimination because she was a black free woman, she continued to pursue her goal of teaching others regardless of their race and or social standing. In 1802, Cordero founded a school for girls in San Juan called "escuelas de amigas.

## Legacy

Cordero never married and died penniless in her home in San Juan on January, 1862. Puerto Rico recognized her brother Rafael as "The Apostol of Public Education" in Puerto Rico. However, her contributions to the educational system of the island are seldom mentioned. On December 9, 2013, Pope Francis advanced the sainthood of her brother when he declared that he lived the Christian virtues in a heroic way and is venerable.
In 2012, the library of the Dr. José Celso Barbosa Jr. High School dedicated its "Women Day" to Celestina Cordero.
# Salvador Dalí Desert

Salvador Dalí Desert (Spanish: Desierto Salvador Dalí), also known as Dalí Valley (Valle de Dalí), is a desert within the borders of the Eduardo Avaroa Andean Fauna National Reserve, located in the southwestern region of the Potosí Department in Bolivia. It has an average altitude of 4,750 meters above sea level and an area of approximately 110 km² (42 sq mi).
The desert is situated in an extremely barren valley and stands out for its unique landscape in which many isolated rock formations created by wind erosion alternate along the arid and desolate plain, giving the landscape a unique character that closely resemble the surrealist paintings by Salvador Dalí. The geothermal and volcanic activity in the area, the salt flats, lagoons, hot springs and rock formations of various mineral soils all contribute to the unique landscape and color palette of the desert, recreating abstract shapes and a surreal aspect, similar to the paintings of the famous Catalan artist, from which the desert is named from. Among the isolated rock formations in the desert, the most prominent one is the Árbol de Piedra (Spanish for Stone Tree). It is a 7-meter-high volcanic rock carved through wind erosion carrying sand for centuries, giving it a tree-like appearance with a narrow stem and a wide crown at the top. It is the most visited natural object in the desert and is widely photographed.
# TWA Flight 358

Trans World Airlines Flight 358 (TWA Flight 358) was a domestic flight traveling from Chicago's O'Hare International Airport to New York City's John F. Kennedy International Airport. On June 11, 1971, a ticketless man named Gregory White boarded the Boeing 727 aircraft using force and demanded a machine gun, $75,000, and to be flown to North Vietnam. After murdering a passenger, White was soon apprehended at the John F. Kennedy International Airport by FBI agents, wounded, and arrested. It was the first attempted hijacking in the United States that resulted in a passenger fatality.

## Hijacking Events

On June 11, 1971, Gregory White bypassed security at O'Hare International Airport and entered onto the tarmac, preparing to board TWA Flight 358. When flight attendant Cathy Culver asked White to present his boarding ticket, White took out a pistol and held it to Culver's head. He then entered the aircraft and demanded to be flown to North Vietnam, in addition to demanding a machine gun and $75,000.
The pilot Captain Robert Elder and co-pilot Ronald Dupuis contacted TWA Operations for help. Passengers were allowed to exit the aircraft, and while they were doing so, U.S. Deputy Marshal Joseph Zito boarded by climbing a rope into a window in the cockpit. One passenger, Howard Franks, reentered the aircraft after forgetting an item and was shot dead by White. Captain Robert Elder dragged Franks' body back to the terminal, returned to the aircraft, and negotiated with the hijacker to stop at John F. Kennedy International Airport for a larger aircraft better suited for travel to North Vietnam.
While en route to New York, Zito gave an extra firearm to Don Welsheimer, the flight engineer, and both exchanged gunfire between the cockpit and the cabin with the hijacker. Once on the ground in New York, an FBI agent shot White in the arm and White surrendered. The pilots, flight engineer, flight attendant, and Deputy Marshal then escaped down an escape slide. White followed and was arrested and taken to Queens General Hospital. Later, White was deemed too incompetent for trial and was committed to a state mental hospital in Chester, Illinois.
# Shmuel Gal

Shmuel Gal (Hebrew: שמואל גל; born 1940) is a mathematician and professor of statistics at the University of Haifa in Israel.
He devised the Gal's accurate tables method for the computer evaluation of elementary functions. With Zvi Yehudai he developed in 1993 a new algorithm for sorting which is used by IBM.
Gal has solved the Princess and monster game and made several significant contributions to the area of search games.
He has been working on rendezvous problems with his collaborative colleagues Steve Alpern, Vic Baston, and John Howard.
Gal received a Ph.D. in mathematics from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. His thesis advisor was Aryeh Dvoretzky.
# 1973 Semaphore state by-election

The 1973 Semaphore state by-election was a by-election held on 2 June 1973 for the South Australian House of Assembly seat of Semaphore. This was triggered by the death of state Labor MHA Reg Hurst. The seat had been retained by Labor since it was created and first contested at the 1970 state election.

## Results

The Socialist Party, who contested the previous election on 3.7 percent of the vote, did not contest the by-election. Labor easily retained the seat.
Semaphore state by-election, 2 June 1973 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labor | Jack Olson | 9,959 | 71.9 | −0.8 |
| | Liberal and Country | John Howarth | 3,892 | 28.1 | +4.5 |
| Total formal votes | Total formal votes | Total formal votes | 13,851 | 96.2 | +0.5 |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 542 | 3.8 | −0.5 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 14,393 | 81.3 | −13.5 |
| | Labor hold | Labor hold | Swing | N/A | |
# Zahira College, Matale

Zahira College (National School) Matale, (Arabic: Zahira means "Excellence"; Tamil: சாஹிரா தேசிய கல்லூரி; Sinhala: සහිරා ජාතික පාසල), is one of the oldest schools in the Matale District. It is situated in the centre of the city.

## History

The school was founded on 3 August 1942 by Tuan Burhanuddin Jayah. The original 4.5 ha (11 acres) school site was donated by Vithanage Tergin Nanayakkara, the local member for Matale. The first buildings were funded by a donation from a local Muslim philanthropist, Cassim Had Sar.
The school is noted for its accomplishments in the field of hockey, winning a number of national schoolboy championships. Hockey was first introduced to the school by a local businessman, George Mant, who learnt the sport at St. Thomas' College, Mount Lavinia. Mant with a number of other enthusiasts established the Matale Hockey Association in September 1942. The school has produced a number of national players, including S. I. Ajward, M. Ayub, M. Zarook, and A. J. M. Farook.

## Houses

The houses compete to win the inter-house games held by the college annually.
* House
* Azad
* Iqbal
* Jayah
* Jinnah

## Past Principals

| Principal | Arrived | Departed |
| T. S. Sally | 03-08-1942 | 29-06-1943 |
| A. R. M. Nilam | 30-06-1943 | 12-01-1945 |
| S. Rauf Pasha | 08-02-1945 | 13-01-1946 |
| A. V. Ponnusaami | 09-02-1946 | 30-03-1946 |
| Anif Doray | 01-04-1946 | 30-04-1946 |
| M. V. Mathai | 28-08-1947 | 27-08-1961 |
| S. H. A Wadood | 28-08-1961 | 31-05-1965 |
| A. Z. Omerdeen | 01-06-1965 | 15-02-1968 |
| A. C. M. Zeirideen | 16-02-1968 | 07-12-1970 |
| S. H. A. Wadood | 07-12-1970 | 27-04-1976 |
| A. M. Rakeem | 28-04-1976 | 22-11-1977 |
| A. A. M. Fuaji | 23-11-1977 | 30-11-1979 |
| A. C. M. Zeirideen | 01-12-1979 | 01-03-1985 |
| A. A. M. Fuaji | 01-03-1985 | 31-12-1990 |
| T. Uzair | 01-01-1991 | 24-09-1994 |
| A. J. M. Farook | 24-09-1994 | 19-04-1996 |
| M. Azeez | 19-04-1996 | 31-07-1998 |
| K. M. Buharideen | 01-08-1998 | 05-11-1999 |
| M. I. Thaibdeen | 11-02-2000 | 12-11-2003 |
| K. M. Buharideen | 13-11-2003 | 20-03-2006 |
| J. M. Nisfer | 20-03-2006 | 15-06-2006 |
| Kamil Sarap | 16-06-2006 | 02-08-2007 |
| J. M. Iqbal | 02-08-2007 | 01-09-2018 |
| Abdul Kalam | 01-09-2018 | 15-08-2019 |
| Siddique Najeen | 15-08-2019 | Currently in office |

## Notable alumni

* Abdul Cader Shahul Hameed (former Foreign Minister)
# 1973 St Albans City and District Council election

The 1973 St Albans City and District Council election took place on 7 June 1973 to elect members of St Albans City and District Council in England. This was on the same day as other local elections.
This was the inaugural election of St Albans City and District Council.

## Summary

1973 St Albans City and District Council election :
| Party | Seats | Gains | Losses | Net gain/loss | Seats % | Votes % | Votes | +/− |
| Conservative | 32 | N/A | N/A | N/A | 59.3 | 49.1 | 55,376 | N/A |
| Labour | 14 | N/A | N/A | N/A | 25.9 | 31.3 | 35,286 | N/A |
| Liberal | 7 | N/A | N/A | N/A | 13.0 | 18.1 | 20,360 | N/A |
| Independent | 1 | N/A | N/A | N/A | 1.9 | 1.5 | 1,715 | N/A |
# Pantai Merdeka (state constituency)

Pantai Merdeka is a state constituency in Kedah, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Kedah State Legislative Assembly.

## Demographics

Ethnic breakdown of Pantai Merdeka's electorate as of 2023

## History
### Polling districts

According to the gazette issued on 30 March 2018, the Pantai Merdeka constituency has a total of 19 polling districts.
| State constituency | Polling districts | Code | Location |
| Pantai Merdeka (N27） | Bukit Kechik | 015/27/01 | SK Bukit Kechik |
| Pantai Merdeka (N27） | Bukit Meriam | 015/27/02 | SK Bukit Meriam |
| Pantai Merdeka (N27） | Sintok Bugis | 015/27/03 | Maktab Mahmud Kuala Muda |
| Pantai Merdeka (N27） | Padang Salim | 015/27/04 | SK Seri Kuala |
| Pantai Merdeka (N27） | Kuala Muda | 015/27/05 | Dewan KEDA Kampung Tepi Sungai |
| Pantai Merdeka (N27） | Haji Kudong | 015/27/06 | SK Haji Sulaiman |
| Pantai Merdeka (N27） | Kota Kuala Muda | 015/27/07 | SK Kota Kuala Muda |
| Pantai Merdeka (N27） | Sungai Mas | 015/27/08 | SMK Kota Kuala Muda |
| Pantai Merdeka (N27） | Rantau Panjang | 015/27/09 | SK Rantau Panjang |
| Pantai Merdeka (N27） | Pekan Tikam Batu | 015/27/10 | SJK (C) Peng Min |
| Pantai Merdeka (N27） | Kampung Simpor | 015/27/11 | SK Simpor |
| Pantai Merdeka (N27） | Batu Lintang | 015/27/12 | SK Simpor |
| Pantai Merdeka (N27） | Simpor Timor | 015/27/13 | SK Darulaman |
| Pantai Merdeka (N27） | Telok Wang | 015/27/14 | SMK Sungai Pasir |
| Pantai Merdeka (N27） | Kampung Berapit | 015/27/15 | SK Berapit |
| Pantai Merdeka (N27） | Kampung Tikam Batu | 015/27/16 | SK Tikam Batu |
| Pantai Merdeka (N27） | Pekula | 015/27/17 | SMK Pekula Jaya |
| Pantai Merdeka (N27） | Padang Temusu | 015/27/18 | SJK (C) Tai Tong |
| Pantai Merdeka (N27） | Pinang Tunggal | 015/27/19 | SMK Pinang Tunggal |

### Representation history

Kedah State Legislative Assemblyman for Pantai Merdeka :
| Assembly | Years | Member | Party |
| Constituency created from Tikam Batu ||||
| 7th | 1986–1990 | Ghazali Haji Bakar | BN (UMNO) |
| 8th | 1990–1995 | Haji Abd. Manaf Haji Ahmad | BN (UMNO) |
| 9th | 1995–1999 | Jamaludin Yusof | BN (UMNO) |
| 10th | 1999–2004 | Mohd Akhair Shafie | BN (UMNO) |
| 11th | 2004–2008 | Shuib Saedin | BN (UMNO) |
| 12th | 2008–2013 | Abdullah Jusof | PR (PAS) |
| 13th | 2013–2018 | Ali Yahaya | BN (UMNO) |
| 14th | 2018–2020 | Ahmad Fadzli Hashim | PAS |
| 14th | 2020–2023 | Ahmad Fadzli Hashim | PN (PAS) |
| 15th | 2023–present | Shahrir Long | PN (PAS) |
# Sylvain White

Sylvain White (born 21 December 1971) is a French film director and screenwriter.

## Life and career

Filmmaker Sylvain White was born and raised in Paris, France.
At 18 he attended the university of La Sorbonne then earned a scholarship to go to film school in Los Angeles. After graduating with honors in both film production and media studies, a series of award-winning short films led him to direct a spectrum of music videos and commercials in the US, Europe and Japan.
He debuted his smash feature film, Stomp the Yard, at number one in the US for Sony. He went on to direct the explosive Warner Bros. action comedy The Losers, starring Chris Evans, Idris Elba and Zoe Saldana. He wrote and directed the critically acclaimed French murder mystery The Mark of the Angels, starring Gérard Depardieu, and followed by directing the theatrical summer horror film Slender Man for Sony.
White has also directed episodes on television series such as Fargo, The Umbrella Academy, For All Mankind, Billions, Justified, The Americans, The Terminal List, Amazing Stories, CSI, Hawaii Five-0, The Following, Person of Interest, Major Crimes and Sleepy Hollow.

## Filmography
### Short films

| Year | Title | Director | Writer |
| 2002 | Quiet | Yes | No |
| 2013 | Bring the Love Back | Yes | Yes |

### Films

| Year | Title | Director | Writer | Notes |
| 2004 | Trois 3: The Escort | Yes | No | Credited as "Skav One" |
| 2006 | I'll Always Know What You Did Last Summer | Yes | No | Direct-to-video |
| 2007 | Stomp the Yard | Yes | No | |
| 2009 | Walled In | No | Yes | |
| 2010 | The Losers | Yes | No | |
| 2013 | The Mark of the Angels – Miserere | Yes | Yes | |
| 2018 | Slender Man | Yes | No | |

### Television

| Year | Title | Notes |
| 2012 | CSI: Miami | 1 episode |
| 2012–2016 | Hawaii Five-0 | 8 episodes |
| 2013 | Covert Affairs | 1 episode |
| 2013–2014 | Person of Interest | 2 episodes |
| 2014 | The Mentalist | 1 episode |
| 2014–2015 | The Originals | 2 episodes |
| 2015 | The Following | 1 episode |
| 2015–2017 | Major Crimes | 3 episodes |
| 2015 | Scorpion | 1 episode |
| 2015 | Empire | 1 episode |
| 2016 | Sleepy Hollow | 1 episode |
| 2016 | Rush Hour | 1 episode |
| 2017 | Lethal Weapon | 1 episode |
| 2017 | MacGyver | 1 episode |
| 2017–2018 | The Americans | 2 episodes |
| 2018 | Magnum P.I. | 1 episode |
| 2018 | Station 19 | 1 episode |
| 2019–2021 | The Rookie | 6 episodes |
| 2019 | Strange Angel | 1 episode |
| 2020 | Amazing Stories | 1 episode |
| 2020 | Fargo | 2 episodes |
| 2020–2022 | The Umbrella Academy | 3 episodes |
| 2022 | Billions | 1 episode |
| 2022 | Bel-Air | 1 episode |
| 2022 | The Terminal List | 2 episodes |
| 2022 | Reasonable Doubt | 1 episode |
| 2023 | All American: Homecoming | 1 episode |
| 2023 | Justified: City Primeval | 1 episode |
| 2023 | For All Mankind | 1 episode |
| 2023–24 | Fargo | 2 episodes |
# Gábor Füredi

Gábor Füredi (born 2 August 1944) is a Hungarian fencer. He competed in the team foil event at the 1968 Summer Olympics.
# Walide Khyar

Walide Khyar (born 9 June 1995) is a French judoka. He competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in the men's 60 kg event, in which he was eliminated in the second round by Felipe Kitadai.
In 2021, he won the silver medal in his event at the 2021 Judo Grand Slam Antalya held in Antalya, Turkey.

## Personal life

Kyar was born in Bondy, in the Seine-Saint-Denis department. He is of Moroccan descent.
# Marlies Amann-Marxer

Marlies Amann-Marxer (born July 31, 1952) (mother: Emma Marxer) is a politician from Liechtenstein who served as the former Minister of Infrastructure, Environment and Sport in the Government of the Principality of Liechtenstein until March 30, 2017.
Amann-Marxer is married, has four children, and lives together with her husband in Eschen.

## Career

Marlies Amann-Marxer went to St. Elizabeth Business School in Schaan, where, in 1969, she earned a trade-diploma. After that she travelled to Neuchâtel, Geneva and Torquay to learn the languages and for business trips. Additionally she worked from 1970 on in various commercial jobs at the National bank of Liechtenstein, the international steeltrading institute and the Pattchom Int. Eng. AG in Vaduz. From 1989 to 1995 she was employed in her husband's company, the Amann Architektur AG where she was working on human resources, accounting and finances. From 1993 to 2001, Amann-Marxer was a lay judge of the Liechtenstein Criminal Court, and from 1997 to 2003, a spare lay judge of the Administrative Court.
Amann-Marxer's first political office was the membership in various community-commissions as well as the election as a member of the local council of Eschen in 2000, where she was holding the portfolio for schools. In 2005, Amann-Marxer was elected to serve as a Member of Parliament in the Landtag, the parliament of Liechtenstein. After the 2013 parliamentary election, Amann-Marxer was appointed to serve under the new government Prime Minister Adrian Hasler as Minister of Infrastructure, Environment and Sport.

## Honours

* : Commander's cross of the Order of Merit of the Principality of Liechtenstein (08/06/2017).
# (672457) 2014 UR116

(672457) 2014 UR$_{116}$, also known as 2008 XB, is an eccentric sub-kilometer asteroid, categorized as a near-Earth object and potentially hazardous asteroid of the Apollo group with a diameter of approximately 400 meters (1,300 ft). It was first observed on 1 December 2008, by the Mount Lemmon Survey at Mount Lemmon Observatory in Arizona, United States.

## Orbit

2014 UR$_{116}$ orbits the Sun at a distance of 0.6–3.6 AU once every 3 years (1,088 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.73 and an inclination of 7° with respect to the ecliptic.

### Close approaches

The asteroid has an Earth minimum orbital intersection distance of 0.0290 AU (4,340,000 km) which translates into 11.3 lunar distances. On 21 October 2014, it passed 0.0854 AU (12,780,000 km; 7,940,000 mi) from Earth. On 10 April 2047, the asteroid will safely pass 0.0296 AU (4,430,000 km; 2,750,000 mi) from Earth.
Although some inaccurate press reports have suggested that it may pose an impact risk to Earth, the NASA/JPL Near Earth Object Program Office reported that it poses no risk of impact to any planet for at least 150 years. Between 1904 and 2174, the closest approach it makes to any planet was on 9 June 2008 when it passed 0.0144 AU (2,150,000 km; 1,340,000 mi) from Mars. The asteroid has never been listed on the Sentry Risk Table and has a well determined orbit with an observation arc of 6 years.

## Discovery

The asteroid was first detected on 1 December 2008 by the Mount Lemmon Survey and received the provisional designation 2008 XB. However, at an apparent magnitude of 20 and an assumed orbital eccentricity of 0.3, the object had a very short observation arc of less than 2 hours and the body became a lost minor planet. It was only recovered as 2014 UR$_{116}$ on 27 October 2014, by observers at the MASTER-II Observatory (C41) at Pulkovo Observatory in Kislovodsk, Russia.