OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Scott Dragos

Scott Dragos (born October 28, 1975) is a former American football fullback and tight end. He played for the Chicago Bears in 2000-2001.

## Early years

Dragos attended Old Rochester Regional High School, which serves the towns of Marion, Mattapoisett, and Rochester, Massachusetts.

## College career

Dragos attended and played college football for Boston College from 1994 to 1997.

## Professional career
### First stint with Patriots

After going undrafted in the 1998 NFL draft, Dragos was signed by the New England Patriots on April 24, 1998, but was released on August 19, 1998.

### New York Giants

One day later after released by the Patriots, the Giants signed Dragos on the practice squad

### Chicago Bears

After released by the Giants, the Bears signed Dragos on practice squad on September 28, 1999. He was elevated to their active roster on October 10, 2000, and made his NFL debut on October 15, 2000, in a 28–16 loss to the Minnesota Vikings. Dragos Caught first career reception against the Buffalo Bills on November 12, 2000. Dragos gaining four yards … Grabbed two catches for 14 yards in win against the New England Patriots on December 10, 2000. One of Dragos' catches was against Hall of Fame cornerback Ty Law and led to one of the most iconic NFL photos of the decade. Dragos started season-finale against the Detroit Lions.
In 2001 Dragos played six games.

### Second stint with Patriots

Dragos signed with the Patriots on March 12, 2002. On August 25, 2002, Dragos was released by Patriots.

## Personal life

Scott was born in Montville, New Jersey to Stephen and Carolynne Dragos. He moved to Massachusetts when he was in elementary school. Dragos is an Executive Vice President at CBRE and is based in Boston, Massachusetts. He resides in Winchester, MA with his wife Marta and 3 children.
# Kent and Hitchens Houses

Kent and Hitchens Housese were a matched pair of historic homes located at Williamsport, Warren County, Indiana. They were built in 1854, and are two-story, Italian Villa style brick dwellings. Each features a three-story corner tower set at an angle to the main part of the building. The houses were originally mirror images of each other.$^{:5–6}$ The house at 500 Main was destroyed by a fire in the 1990s.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.
# Laramie High School (Wyoming)

Laramie High School (LHS) is a high school (grades 9–12) in Laramie, Albany County, Wyoming, United States. In the Albany County School District, high school begins in the 9th grade (freshman year); 9th grade students are now able to attend high school in Laramie due to the building of a new high school. Many LHS students concurrently attend classes at Laramie County Community College (Albany County Campus), or the University of Wyoming.
Laramie High School has an online newspaper, the CyberPlainsman.
As of the opening of the new building in the 2015–2016 school year, Laramie High School has the highest elevation in the state, at 7280 ft.

## Sports

The LHS mascot is the Plainsman (female counterpart: Lady Plainsman).
The Laramie High School football team was coached for 59 years by John E. Deti (1944-1976) and his son John R. Deti (1977-2002). Following the younger Deti's retirement, the team has been coached by Phil Treick (2003-2004), Neil Waring (2005-2007), Bob Knapton (2008-2011), Ted Holmstrom (2012), Chuck Syverson (2013-2016), Clint Reed (2017-2020), and Paul Ronga (2021-present).

## Notable alumni

* John S. Bugas - former FBI agent credited with breaking up two Nazi spy rings and deterring sabotage; former director of industrial relations at Ford Motor Company
* Frank Crum - NFL offensive lineman for the Denver Broncos
* Wayde Preston - actor
* Ken Sailors - basketball player for the Wyoming Cowboys and in the NBA, pioneer of the jump shot
* Gerry Spence - trial lawyer, author, and television legal consultant
# Pokrzywno, Greater Poland Voivodeship

Pokrzywno is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Trzcianka, within Czarnków-Trzcianka County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) north-east of Trzcianka, 25 km (16 mi) north of Czarnków, and 84 km (52 mi) north of the regional capital Poznań.
# Party of the Danes

The Party of the Danes (sometimes translated the Danes' Party) (Danish: Danskernes Parti) was a political party in Denmark. The party described itself as nationalist and ethnopluralist. Many experts and analysts have classified the Party of the Danes as a neo-Nazi party.
The Party of the Danes was founded by Daniel Carlsen and other former members of the National Socialist Movement of Denmark (DNSB) on 10 June 2011.
The party ran for municipal councils in 2013, but did not win any seats. In 2015 it started collecting signatures in order to get on the ballot for the next national election, and in April 2016 the party claimed to have collected half the necessary signatures. On 24 June 2017, the party announced that Daniel Carlsen had decided to retire from politics to concentrate on his family, and that the rest of the leadership therefore had decided to close the party.

## Municipal election results

| Year | # of total votes | Vote % | Seats |
| 2013 | 6,782 | 0.21 | 0 |
# Kate A. Toomey

Kate A. Toomey is an American judge. She was appointed to the Utah Court of Appeals by Governor Gary Herbert in 2014.
Toomey was first appointed as a judge in January 2007. She sat on the Third District Court until 2014. Toomey took her oath of office for the Utah Court of Appeals in September 2014. Herbert said of Toomey, "Having served on the bench for over seven years, Judge Toomey is experienced, respected and will add exceptional value to the Court of Appeals." Prior to her appointment to the Utah Court of Appeals, Toomey served as a Judge in Third District Court for almost eight years. Toomey attended the University of Maryland law school and graduated in 1991.
# 2016 Tshwane riots

The Tshwane riots occurred in the South African city of Pretoria and the surrounding City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality for several days from 20 June 2016, leading to the deaths of at least five people.

## Riots

The protests were sparked by dissatisfaction with the appointment of Thoko Didiza as the incumbent African National Congress's (ANC) Tshwane mayoral candidate in the upcoming South African municipal elections of 2016. By 22 June forty people had been arrested for participating in the riots. By the time the riots ended in Tshwane on 23 June a total of 54 people had been arrested. Rioters looted businesses and attacked members of the public including immigrants and small traders. Nineteen busses worth R28-million had been torched in the riots within the first two days of rioting with the worst rioting occurring in the areas of Mamelodi‚ Atteridgeville‚ Mabopane‚ Soshanguve and Hammanskraal.
Minister of State Security David Mahlobo stated that the protests were started by ANC members "who were not satisfied with the processes" that resulted in Didiza being appointed the party's candidate for mayor of Tshwane. The ANC Youth League went on to accuse supporters of ANC member and incumbent Tshwane mayor, Kgosientso Ramokgopa, as the people responsible for initiating the riots.
Riots spread to Cape Town by 1 July 2016 with protesters stoning vehicles and torching buses along the N2 highway outside the neighbourhood of Nyanga. The protests in Cape Town were sparked by the announcement that Xolani Sotashe was to be the ANC's choice as candidate for the mayor of Cape Town.
# Trimethyltin chloride

Trimethyltin chloride is an organotin compound with the formula (CH$_3$)$_3$SnCl. It is a white solid that is highly toxic and malodorous. It is susceptible to hydrolysis.

## Synthesis

Trimethyltin chloride can be prepared by the redistribution reaction of tetramethyltin with tin tetrachloride.
    SnCl$_4$ + 3 Sn(CH$_3$)$_4$ → 4 (CH$_3$)$_3$SnCl
This redistribution reaction is typically performed with no solvent because high temperatures are required and purification is simplified.
A second route to (CH$_3$)$_3$SnCl involves treating the corresponding hydroxide or oxide (in the following reaction, trimethyltin hydroxide (CH$_3$)$_3$SnOH) with a halogenating agent such as hydrogen chloride or thionyl chloride (SOCl$_2$):
    (CH$_3$)$_3$SnOH + HCl → (CH$_3$)$_3$SnCl + H$_2$O

## Uses

Trimethyltin chloride is used as a source of the trimethylstannyl group ((CH$_3$)$_3$Sn−). For example, it is a precursor to vinyltrimethylstannane ((CH$_3$)$_3$SnCH=CH$_2$) and indenyltrimethylstanane (CH$_3$)$_3$SnC$_9$H$_7$ (see Transition metal indenyl complex):
    CH$_2$=CHMgBr + (CH$_3$)$_3$SnCl → (CH$_3$)$_3$SnCH=CH$_2$ + MgBrCl
    LiC$_9$H$_7$ + (CH$_3$)$_3$SnCl → (CH$_3$)$_3$SnC$_9$H$_7$ + LiCl
An example of an organolithium reagent reacting with (CH$_3$)$_3$SnCl to form a tin-carbon bond is:
    LiCH(Si(CH$_3$)$_3$)(Ge(CH$_3$)$_3$) + (CH$_3$)$_3$SnCl → (CH$_3$)$_3$SnCH(Si(CH$_3$)$_3$)(Ge(CH$_3$)$_3$) + LiCl
Organotin compounds derived from Me$_3$SnCl are useful in organic synthesis, especially in radical chain reactions. (CH$_3$)$_3$SnCl is a precursor to compounds used in PVC stabilization. Reduction of trimethyltin chloride with sodium gives hexamethylditin:
    2 Na + 2 (CH$_3$)$_3$SnCl → (CH$_3$)$_3$Sn−Sn(CH$_3$)$_3$ + 2 NaCl
# Ligusticum

Ligusticum (lovage,$^{:824}$ licorice root) is a genus of about 60 species of flowering plants in the family Apiaceae, native to cool temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Its name is believed to derive from the Italian region of Liguria.

## Species

* Ligusticum ajanense
* Ligusticum albanicum
* Ligusticum apiifolium
* Ligusticum brachylobum
* Ligusticum calderi
* Ligusticum californicum
* Ligusticum canadense
* Ligusticum canbyi - Canby's licorice root
* Ligusticum filicinum
* Ligusticum gingidium
* Ligusticum grayi - oshala, Gray's lovage
* Ligusticum holopetalum
* Ligusticum hultenii
* Ligusticum huteri
* Ligusticum ibukicola
* Ligusticum monnieri
* Ligusticum mutellina – alpine lovage
* Ligusticum porteri – oshá
* Ligusticum scoticum – Scots lovage
* Ligusticum striatum
* Ligusticum tenuifolium – Idaho lovage
* Ligusticum verticillatum – northern lovage

### Former species

* Ligusticum mutellinoides – small alpine lovage, is a synonym of Neogaya simplex (L.) Meisn.

#### Moved to Conioselinum

In 2003, Pimenov moved a number of species to Conioselinum as he found them closer related to C. tataricum (the type species of C.) than to L. scoticum (the type species of L.). Another change C. anthriscoides ← L. sinense was made in 2015, as the C. sinomedicum name assigned in 2003 was illegitimate.<
* L. acuminatum → C. acuminatum
* L. filifolium → C. nematophyllum
* L. gmelinii → C. chinense
* L. pteridophyllum → C. pteridophyllum ≡ L. pteridophylla, L. reptans
* L. pseudoangelica → C. pseudoangelica = L. glaucifolium
* L. sinense → [heterotypic] C. anthriscoides = L. chuanxiong, L. markgrafianum, L. pilgerianum (≡ L. harry-smithii)
** gaoben 藁本; Szechuan lovage, Szechwan lovage, chuanxiong, chuan xiong 川芎
* L. smithii → C. smithii = L. longilobum (≡ L. longiloba), L. jeholense
* C. sinchianum = L. moniliforme
* L. tenuisectum → C. tenuisectum
* L. vaginatum → [heterotypic] C. tataricum
* L. tenuissimum → C. tenuissimum ≡ Angelica tenuissima = L. multifidum

## Uses

The roots of several species are used as medicinal herbs. L. sinense (in older literature L. wallichi or L. chuanxiong) is one of the 50 fundamental herbs used in Chinese herbology, where it is called chuānxiōng (川芎); in English, Szechwan lovage. Chinese Ligusticum root contains alkaloids that have been shown in studies to inhibit TNF-alpha production and TNF-alpha-mediated NF-kappaB activation. One study conducted in Japan showed the active compounds found in Ligusticum sinense have both anti-inflammatory and pain-reducing effects, exerting its anti-inflammatory benefits in the early and the late stages of processes in the inflammatory pathology.
L. porteri (osha) is used in Western herbal medicine.
Both Ligusticum sinense and L. jeholens essential oils contain natural antimicrobial and antioxidant agents.
# Revolutionary Marxist League (Hong Kong)

The Revolutionary Marxist League was a Trotskyist vanguard party that existed in Hong Kong from 1975 to 1991.

## History

The League was founded in the background of the political changes in the early 1970s when the Cultural Revolution and Lin Biao Incident heavily discredited the Chinese Communist Party, as well as the emergence of the social movements in Hong Kong at the same time.
After a student movement broke out at the Chu Hai College in 1969, the student activists published a periodical called Seventies Biweekly which became the platform of the radical youths. Until in 1972, few of the Hong Kong youths made an expensive trip to Paris to meet with the exiled Chinese Trotskyists. Few of the returnees such as John Shum and Ng Chung-yin left the Seventies Biweekly dominated by anarchists, and established a Trotskyist youth group called Revolutionary International League. It later took the name Socialist League and changed its name into Revolutionary Marxist League in 1975.
The league published periodicals such as Combat Bulletin and aligned themselves with the International Majority Tendency of the United Secretariat. In 1975 it became the Chinese section of the Fourth International, together with another long-existing Trotskyist group the Revolutionary Communist Party.
The well-known Legislative Council member since 2004, "Longhair" Leung Kwok-hung was an active member of the league. After the league was disbanded in 1991, he became active member of another socialist group called April Fifth Action.
# 1701 in art

Events from the year 1701 in art.

## Events

* November – Philippe Bertrand becomes a member of the Académie de peinture et de sculpture.
* December 31 – Pierre Gobert becomes a member of the Académie de peinture et de sculpture.
* 13-year-old François Lemoyne becomes a member of the Académie de peinture et de sculpture.
* Peter Strudel becomes Reichsfreiherr and is appointed the director of the landscape academy in Vienna.
* A sculptured life-size series on the Danse Macabre theme is moved to the old Neustädter Kirchhoff following a fire at the palace of Duke George in Dresden.

## Paintings

* Giuseppe Maria Crespi – The Ecstasy of Saint Margaret
* Sir Godfrey Kneller – William III on Horseback
* Sebastiano Ricci – Ascension (Santi Apostoli, Rome)
* Hyacinthe Rigaud – Portrait of Louis XIV of the House of Bourbon, the Sun King

## Publications

* Gerard de Lairesse – Grondlegginge der teekenkonst

## Births

* April 28 – Françoise Basseporte, French court painter (died 1780)
* May 29 – Georg Friedrich Strass, Alsatian jeweler and inventor of imitation gemstones and the rhinestone (died 1773)
* June 4 – Theodoor Verhaegen, sculptor from the Southern Netherlands (died 1759)
* November 5 – Pietro Longhi, Venetian painter (died 1785)
* December 16 – Olof Arenius, Swedish portrait painter (died 1766)
* December 21 – Guillaume Taraval, Swedish painter of French descent (died 1750)
* date unknown
** Jan George Freezen, German portrait painter (died 1775)
** Thomas Hudson, English portrait painter (died 1779)
** Matthew Pilkington, Irish art historian and satirist (died 1774)
** José Romeo, Spanish painter of the Baroque period (died 1722)

## Deaths

* January 1 – Henri Gascar, French painter (born 1635)
* March 28 – Domenico Guidi, sculptor (born 1625)
* May 8 – Jacob de Heusch, painter (born 1656)
* June 29 – Pieter Mulier II, Dutch Golden Age painter (born 1637)
* July 16 – Justus Danckerts, Dutch engraver (born 1635)
* July 24 – John Bushnell, English sculptor (date of birth unknown)
* date unknown – Jacob Gillig, Dutch Golden Age painter of still lifes, usually of fish, as well as portraits (born 1636)
# Bomdigi

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
"Bomdigi" is a hip-hop song by American rapper Erick Sermon. It was released on October 17, 1995, through Rush Associated Labels as the lead single from his second solo studio album Double or Nothing. Recording sessions took place at Mirror Image in Dix Hills, New York. Production was handled by Sermon himself together with co-producer Sugarless, who utilized samples from the Mary Jane Girls' "All Night Long". An accompanying music video was directed by Terry Heller and Chuck Ozeas.
The single peaked at number 84 on the Billboard Hot 100, number 5 on the Dance Singles Sales, number 39 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and number 9 on the Hot Rap Songs charts in the United States.

## Track listing
### Sample credits

* Tracks 1 to 4 and 7 contain elements from "All Night Long" written by Rick James and performed by the Mary Jane Girls.
* Tracks 5 and 6 contain elements from "The Show" written by Doug E. Fresh and Slick Rick.

## Personnel

* Erick Sermon – vocals, producer (tracks: 1–4, 7), co-producer (tracks: 5, 6)
* Crystal Gamble – backing vocals (tracks: 1–4, 7)
* Keith Murray – vocals (tracks: 5, 6)
* Roslyn "Roz" Noble – vocals (tracks: 5, 6)
* Thomas "Tommy Gunn" Blincoe – vocals (track 7)
* Tyrone "Sugarless" Fyffe – co-producer (tracks: 1–4, 7)
* Rod 'KP' Kirkpatrick – producer (tracks: 5, 6)
* Troy Hightower – recording, mixing
* Mike Hogan – assistant mix engineering
* Tony Dawsey – mastering

## Charts

| Chart (1995) | Peak position |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 84 |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard) | 39 |
| US Hot Rap Songs (Billboard) | 9 |
| US Dance Singles Sales (Billboard) | 5 |
# United Left (Peru)

United Left (in Spanish: Izquierda Unida) was an alliance of leftist political parties in Peru founded in 1980 by Popular Democratic Unity (UDP), Revolutionary Left Union (UNIR), Peruvian Communist Party (PCP), Revolutionary Socialist Party (PSR), Revolutionary Communist Party (PCR) and FOCEP.
In 1984 UDP and a part of PCR converted itself into the Mariateguist Unified Party (PUM). PUM integrated itself in IU.
IU was led by Alfonso Barrantes Lingán (who lost to Alan García in the 1985 elections) up to 1987. In 1989 IU held its first congress. Gradually the IU disintegrated, with more and more groups deserting it. Recoloured versions of their logo by the Moquegua Entrepreneurial Regional Integration Front in 2018, the Popular Democratic Front in Abancay 2006, the Social Affirmation Movement [es] in Cajamarca, the Democratic Left Movement in Lima 2002, New Left Movement, Junín Popular Block Regional Movement in 2022 and the Más San Martín in 2018. The original Go on Country – Social Integration Party also claimed its legacy.
# Father Marquette National Memorial

Father Marquette National Memorial pays tribute to the life and work of Jacques Marquette, French priest and explorer. The memorial is located in Straits State Park near St. Ignace in the modern-day U.S. state of Michigan, where he founded a Jesuit mission in 1671 and was buried in 1678. The associated Father Marquette Museum building was destroyed in a fire on March 9, 2000.

## History

Marquette arrived in New France in 1666. Marquette established Michigan's earliest European settlements at Sault Ste. Marie and St. Ignace near Mackinac Island in 1668 and 1671. He lived among the Great Lakes Indians from 1666 to his death in 1675. During these nine years, Father Marquette mastered several native languages and joined Louis Jolliet in his expedition to explore and map a navigable route to the Pacific Ocean, which resulted in the French discovery of the Mississippi River.
The Marquette and Joliet expeditions explored the Fox River, the Mississippi River as far as Arkansas, the Illinois River, and the Chicago River. They did not proceed to the mouth of the Mississippi due to hostility of the natives and fear of confronting Spanish colonials.
In October 1674, Marquette and two companions set out on a missionary expedition. By the end of the year, he was afflicted with dysentery. He died near Ludington, Michigan while attempting to return to St. Ignace. The grave of Father Marquette was found to be located in downtown St. Ignace near the Ojibway Indian Museum on State Street.

## The site today

Subsequent to the destruction of the Marquette Memorial Museum by fire in 2000, the site contains exhibits and a fifteen-station interpretive trail. The main building is an open-concept wood structure with kiosks.

## Administrative history

The 52-acre (210,000 m$^2$) memorial is owned and administered by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources and is an affiliated area of the National Park Service. The national memorial was authorized on December 20, 1975. Unlike most national memorials, Father Marquette is not listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
# Polanowo, Piła County

Polanowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wyrzysk, within Piła County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 36 km (22 mi) east of Piła and 87 km (54 mi) north of the regional capital Poznań.
# 1994 Bavarian state election

The 1994 Bavarian state election was held on 25 September 1994 to elect the members of the 13th Landtag of Bavaria. The Christian Social Union (CSU) led by Minister-President Edmund Stoiber retained its majority with minor losses. The largest change in the election was the collapse of the Free Democratic Party (FDP), which lost all its seats.

## Parties

The table below lists parties represented in the 12th Landtag of Bavaria.
| Name | Name | Name | Ideology | Leader(s) | 1990 result | 1990 result |
| Name | Name | Name | Ideology | Leader(s) | Votes (%) | Seats |
| | CSU | Christian Social Union in Bavaria Christlich-Soziale Union in Bayern | Christian democracy | Edmund Stoiber | 54.9% | 127 / 204 |
| | SPD | Social Democratic Party of Germany Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands | Social democracy | Renate Schmidt | 26.0% | 58 / 204 |
| | Grüne | Alliance 90/The Greens Bündnis 90/Die Grünen | Green politics | | 6.4% | 12 / 204 |
| | FDP | Free Democratic Party Freie Demokratische Partei | Classical liberalism | | 5.2% | 7 / 204 |

## Opinion polling

| Polling firm | Fieldwork date | Sample size | CSU | SPD | Grüne | FDP | REP | Others | Lead |
| 1994 state election | 25 Sep 1994 | – | 52.8 | 30.0 | 6.1 | 2.8 | 3.9 | 4.3 | 22.8 |
| Basisresearch | Jul 1993 | 1,002 | 52 | 28 | 6 | 4 | – | ? | 24 |
| Infratest | Feb 1993 | 1,002 | 39 | 29 | 9 | 6 | 11 | 6 | 10 |
| Forsa | 4–10 Dec 1992 | 1,034 | 45 | 28 | 8 | ? | 12 | ? | 17 |
| 1990 state election | 14 Oct 1990 | – | 54.9 | 26.0 | 6.4 | 5.2 | 4.9 | 2.7 | 28.9 |

## Election result

Summary of the 25 September 1994 election results for the Landtag of Bavaria :
| Party | Party | Votes | % | +/- | Seats | +/- | Seats % |
| | Christian Social Union (CSU) | 6,163,888 | 52.8 | 2.1 | 120 | 7 | 58.8 |
| | Social Democratic Party (SPD) | 3,506,620 | 30.0 | 4.0 | 70 | 12 | 34.3 |
| | Alliance 90/The Greens (Grüne) | 713,732 | 6.1 | 0.3 | 14 | 2 | 6.9 |
| | The Republicans (REP) | 454,170 | 3.9 | 1.0 | 0 | ±0 | 0 |
| | Free Democratic Party (FDP) | 327,305 | 2.8 | 2.4 | 0 | 7 | 0 |
| | Ecological Democratic Party (ÖDP) | 248,983 | 2.1 | 0.4 | 0 | ±0 | 0 |
| | Bavaria Party (BP) | 119,872 | 1.0 | 0.2 | 0 | ±0 | 0 |
| | Others | 135,311 | 1.2 | | 0 | ±0 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 11,669,881 | 100.0 | | 204 | ±0 | |
| Voter turnout | Voter turnout | | 67.8 | 1.9 | | | |
Popular vote
CSU
52.82%
SPD
30.05%
B'90/GRÜNE
6.12%
REP
3.89%
FDP
2.80%
Other
4.32% :
Landtag seats
CSU
58.82%
SPD
34.31%
B'90/GRÜNE
6.86% :

## Sources

* Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik
# Bitecta murina

Bitecta murina is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Franciscus J. M. Heylaerts in 1891. It is found on Java.