OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Miramshah airstrike

The Miramshah airstrike took place on Friday 12 September 2008 in Miramshah in North Waziristan in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) in Pakistan. It was part of a series of attacks targeting presumed militants, and was carried out by a United States Air Force drone aircraft. It took advantage of the power vacuum in Pakistan, following the fall of Pervez Musharraf on 18 August 2008. The missiles hit two buildings – in one three women and two children were killed, and in the other seven Taliban militants died.
President George W. Bush had two months prior to this attack issued a classified order authorizing US raids against militants in Pakistan without prior approval from Islamabad.
Missile strikes have traditionally provoked an outpouring of public resentment that Musharraf's political opponents used to help drive him from power. Many of those opponents are now seated in the new government – giving it broader political support and fewer high-profile critics.
   I think the government really is not concerned much about the domestic fallout because there is no leader who would challenge its position or who would rally people around him and launch a country-wide protest. So the coalition forces, the Americans, are taking full advantage of the situation where there is a sort of vacuum as far as leadership is concerned.
The attack came at the same time as American and international troops was fighting Taliban and al-Qaeda militants close by in neighboring Afghanistan. The upsurge in strikes alarmed Pakistani military and government officials, who said it seriously undermined their counter-insurgency operations. Pakistan had repeatedly stated, that it would not allow foreign forces onto its territory and that it would vigorously protect its sovereignty. It said that cross border raids were not the best way of fighting the "war against terror".
# 2008 South African presidential election

An indirect presidential election was held in South Africa on 25 September 2008 following the resignation of the President Thabo Mbeki. The ruling party, the African National Congress (ANC), with a two-thirds majority in the National Assembly of South Africa, elected Kgalema Motlanthe as president. The ANC indicated that Motlanthe would be a "caretaker" president until the 2009 election, after which ANC president Jacob Zuma would take office.

## Jacob Zuma's election as ANC President
### Candidature for ANC President

In terms of party tradition, as the deputy president of the ANC, Zuma was in line to succeed Mbeki as president of the ANC, and, by implication, the president of South Africa in 2009. Zuma was elected as President of the ANC on 18 December 2007 with 2329 votes to Mbeki's 1505 votes, making him the clear favorite to become the next president of South Africa following the 2009 general election, since Mbeki was constitutionally unable to run again.
On 28 December 2007, the Scorpions served Zuma an indictment to stand trial in the High Court on various counts of racketeering, money laundering, corruption and fraud linked to the $5bn arms procurement deal by the South African government in 1999. The trial was to proceed on 4 August 2008. Zuma applied to the High Court to have the charges against him declared unlawful. Zuma's application was successful, and the ruling made inferences of political interference by Mbeki and others in Zuma's prosecution.

## Resignation of Mbeki

As a result of the judge's inferences that Mbeki had interfered in Zuma's prosecution, the ANC National Executive Committee's decided to withdraw parliamentary support for Mbeki. Without that support, Mbeki formally announced his resignation on 21 September 2008. Parliament convened on 22 September and accepted the resignation with effect from 25 September, with 299 votes in favour to 10 against.
In cases of such a void in the presidency, the constitution requires that the replacement elected by parliament to serve as the interim president until the next general election must be either the Deputy President, the Speaker of Parliament, or a Member of Parliament. ANC president Jacob Zuma was not eligible as he did not hold any of those positions at the time. Deputy President Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka was not supported by parliament, apparently due to her close ties to Mbeki and because her husband, Bulelani Ngcuka was involved in the decision to charge Zuma with corruption. Zuma said that the deputy president of the ANC, Kgalema Motlanthe, would become acting president until the 2009 general elections: "I am convinced - if given that responsibility - he (Motlanthe) would be equal to the task." This was confirmed by the ANC.

## Election

In the parliamentary election, the ANC nominated Motlanthe, while the official opposition Democratic Alliance nominated Joe Seremane, its party chairman. Motlanthe was elected with 269 votes out of 361 cast to Seremane's 50.
# Silesian Warmblood

The Silesian Warmblood (Polish: Ciepłokrew Śląski; Silesian: Ślůnski Gorkokrew ; German: Schlesisches Warmblut) is a Polish breed of warmblood horse. It originates in the historic region of Silesia in south-western Poland and is the heaviest of the Polish warmblood breeds. It has been influenced mainly by the Oldenburger, and to some extent also by the East Friesian, the Hanoverian and the Thoroughbred.

## History

The Silesian Warmblood originates in the historic region of Silesia, which lies mostly in the south-west of modern Poland. It is the heaviest of the Polish warmblood breeds, and also one of the largest of all European warmbloods.$^{:503}$ It derives from cross-breeding – particularly in the years after the Second World War – of the mares of the region with stallions of the Oldenburger of north-western Germany, with some input also from East Friesian, Hanoverian and Thoroughbred stallions.$^{:503}$
Records of this type of horse have been kept since the late nineteenth century; the stud-book dates from 1961. In 1993 there were approximately 64000 of the horses, but numbers declined sharply.$^{:503}$ In 2023 the total number for the old type of the breed was reported at 1400–1900 head, with 1468 brood-mares and 318 stallions at stud. For the new type, the total number was given in 2022 as 4320–4600, with 2567 brood-mares and 270 active stallions. The conservation status of both types was "at risk".

## Characteristics

Two types are recognised within the breed, an old and a new; the old type is more heavily built, the new type somewhat lighter and taller. At 3 years old, stallions of the old type stand some 160–170 cm at the withers, mares about 2 cm less; the girth is 190–210 cm, and the cannon-bone circumference some 23–24 cm.$^{:6}$ The new or racing type is taller and lighter, stallions standing 164–170 cm at the withers and mares about 2 cm less; the girth measures 185–200 cm and the cannon-bone 21.5–23 cm; weights average about 650 kg for stallions and some 600 kg for mares.$^{:7}$

## Use

It is a large horse with considerable pulling power. It may be used for riding, as a coach horse, or in cross-breeding to conserve coach horse breeds or strains.$^{:503}$
# Cetraria arenaria

Cetraria arenaria, commonly known as the sand-loving Iceland lichen, is a species of terricolous (ground-dwelling), fruticose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It was formally described as a new species in 1977 by the Norwegian lichenologist Ingvar Kärnefelt. The type specimen was collected in 1949 by Henry Imshaug from Mackinac County, Michigan, where he found it growing on sandy soil.

## Description

The thallus of Cetraria arenaria is gray-olive to olive-brown in color, comprising regularly branched, flat or curled lobes that are 1–4 mm wide. The lobes have pseudocyphellae (pores on the cortex) that are either broad and located along the margins, or irregularly shaped, depressed into the cortex, and all over the thallus surface. Apothecia (fruiting bodies) occur rarely in this species; they have a reddish-brown disc and are along the expanded tips of the lobes. The lichen has asci that measure between 35 and 50 micrometers (μm) in length and 10 to 12 μm in width. The spores are ellipsoidal, with dimensions of 5.5 to 6 μm in length and 3.5 to 4 μm in width, containing an axial body approximately 1 μm thick. The maximum thickness of the tholus, a thickened part of the ascus apex, is around 2.5 μm. Paraphyses, which are sterile filamentous structures among the asci, measure 40 to 50 μm in length and 1 to 2 μm in width. The lichen also contains cortical tissue beneath the pycnidia, specialized structures producing asexual spores called conidia. The conidia are oblong and lemon-shaped (citriform), measuring about 5 μm in length and 1 μm in width.

## Habitat and distribution

Cetraria arenaria is found in temperate lowland regions of North America, growing in sandy soils or thin layers of soil overlaying bedrock. Its distribution spans from the New England states across to the Northern Great Plains, where it is not uncommon in these particular habitats.
# V16 warning beacon lights

V16 is the official name given in Spain to warner beacon light. The driver can place it on the roof without getting out of the vehicle and immediately become visible in the event of an accident or breakdown.
The use of warner light beacons came into force on July 1, 2021, and both the warning triangle and conventional V16 lights can be used until January 2026. After that date, the only legal form of warning device that can be used in Spain is the V16 beacon light that has integrated geolocation and connected to the DGT 3.0 cloud.

## Description

The V16 are yellow flashing light devices that are placed on the top without getting out of the vehicle. The light covers a horizontal field of vision of 360 degrees, and at least ± 8 degrees up and down on the vertical field. The device's power supply is autonomous, unwired, with a button or battery to guarantee use after 18 months.
The V16 beacon must have an approval code that can be seen without difficulty and that does not deteriorate: LCOE XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXG1 or IDIADA PC XXXXXXXXXXXX. In this code, instead of the letter x, the date of approval and the serial number must be included.

## History

The V16 beacon was created by Galician inventor Jorge Torre who, aware of the high accident rate on the road due to vehicle breakdowns or accidents, had been looking for a solution to reduce the number of deaths and injuries. In 2015, Torre created the first prototype and teamed up with Jorge Costas, also an entrepreneur, to launch the first brand of V16 devices: Help Flash.
In 2018, following the commercialization of the product, several Spanish administrations recognized the V16 lights, which were approved by the DGT as the most efficient for reducing the accident rate associated with vehicle stops on the road due to breakdown or accident; they were therefore included in the Reform of the Vehicle Regulations through Ministerial Order PCI/810/2018.
In March 2021, Royal Decree 159/2021 was approved for the replacement of the triangle by V16 type signs, which in 2026 will be directly connected to the DGT 3.0 cloud.
# Cetraria peruviana

Cetraria peruviana is a rare species of fruticose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is known from a single collection in a high-elevation locale in Cusco, Peru.

## Taxonomy

Cetraria peruviana was first described by the lichenologists Ingvar Kärnefelt and Arne Thell in 1993. The holotype specimen was collected in Peru's Department of Cusco at an elevation of 4,000 m (13,000 ft) and is housed in the Farlow Herbarium (FH). The species was originally given the unpublished name "Platysma peruvianum" by George Knox Merrill.
Morphologically, C. peruviana shares some characteristics with C. kamczatica, though it has more curved and shorter lobes. It also bears some resemblance to C. nepalensis, but can be distinguished by its less distinctly canaliculate and almost subtubular lobes. The species' placement within the genus Cetraria is supported by its anatomical and chemical features, though mature reproductive structures (ascomata and conidiomata) were not observed in the type specimen.
The species was described during a broader systematic study of cetrarioid lichens, though it is known only from its type collection. While its precise habitat preferences are not documented, it is thought to be terricolous (growing on soil). It is one of several cetrarioid species that are known to occur in a single or few localities of very limited areas only.

## Description

Cetraria peruviana is a small, dark brown lichen characterised by curved lobes that reach approximately 1 cm in height. These lobes are relatively narrow, measuring about 1–2 mm in width, and are distinctly dorsiventral (having different upper and lower surfaces) with a channeled or grooved appearance (canaliculate).
The internal structure of C. peruviana is complex, with several distinct layers. The outermost layer, the epicortex, is particularly well-developed on the upper surface (approximately 5 μm thick) and slightly thinner on the lower surface. Beneath this lies the cortical layer, which is 20–30 μm thick and composed of 2–3 layers of thick-walled cells arranged in a tissue-like pattern (paraplectenchymatous). The cells in the outer portion of this layer are notably large, measuring 5–7 μm in diameter.
The interior of the lichen contains scattered algal cells of the genus Trebouxia, which form the photosynthetic partnership essential to the lichen's survival. The central portion (medulla) is loosely structured, containing thick fungal threads (hyphae) measuring about 5 μm that are strongly gelatinised.
Unlike some related species, C. peruviana lacks specialised structures such as cilia (hair-like projections) or projections along its margins, and no pseudocyphellae (small pores for gas exchange) have been observed. The species also shows negative reactions to common chemical spot tests, though it does contain two lichen substances: lichesterinic and protolichesterinic acids.
Reproductive structures, including both sexual (apothecia) and asexual (conidiomata) forms, have not been observed in this species, though some underdeveloped marginal pycnidia (structures that typically produce asexual spores) have been noted.
# Henri Rollan

Henri Rollan (23 March 1888 – 23 June 1967) was a French film actor. He appeared in more than 40 films between 1910 and 1962.

## Selected filmography

* De afwezige (1913)
* Les Trois Mousquetaires (1921)
* The Three Masks (1921)
* Paris Qui Dort (1925)
* Alone (1931)
* Moonlight (1932)
* The Three Musketeers (1932)
* The Ironmaster (1933)
* Miquette (1934)
* The Scandal (1934)
* Primerose (1934)
* The Adventurer (1934)
* Bux the Clown (1935)
* The Mysteries of Paris (1935)
* La Garçonne (1936)
* The Phantom Gondola (1936)
* Temptation (1936)
* The Dark Angels (1937)
* Giuseppe Verdi (1938)
* Troubled Heart (1938)
* Shot in the Night (1943)
* The New Masters (1950)
* Les joueurs (1951)
* Bluebeard (1951)
* The Case of Doctor Galloy (1951)
* Fanfan la Tulipe (1952)
* The Lovers of Marianne (1953)
* The Adventures of Arsène Lupin (1957)
# Jaap Meijer

Jacob "Jaap" Meijer (20 April 1905 in Amsterdam – 2 December 1943 in Meer, Belgium) was a track cyclist from the Netherlands, who represented his native country at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris, France. There he won the silver medal in the Men's 1.000m Sprint (Scratch).
# Je réalise

"Je réalise" is a pop duet between French singer Sinik and British singer-songwriter James Blunt. It was released as the second single from Sinik's album Le Toit Du Monde. The single was released on 28 February 2008. The song was also featured on the deluxe version of Blunt's second studio album, All the Lost Souls. The single was very successful in Europe, however, was not released in the UK or Ireland. The single was released simultaneously digitally and physically. The song contains an interpolation of Blunt's "I'll Take Everything" as the chorus.

## Release

The single was released on one digital and physical format, both containing the same track listing. The song was backed with a brand new song written exclusively for the French market, entitled "Daryl".

## Music video

A music video was released in many European territories. The video features Blunt and Sinik together in a recording studio. Scenes showing Sinik and Blunt recording are intertwined with images of a girl in a forest who seems lost. As the video progresses, the girl seems to become more and more distressed, until she loses her footing and falls into a lake. Her mother comes later to find her, but it seems she has drowned. The video was included on the deluxe edition bonus DVD of Blunt's All the Lost Souls.

## Track listing

* "Je Realise" (Sinik feat. James Blunt) – 3:28
* "Daryl" (Sinik) – 3:41

## Charts

| Chart (2008) | Peak position |
| French Singles Chart | 16 |
| Swiss Singles Chart | 38 |
# Jean-Jacques Debout

Jean-Jacques Debout (born 9 March 1940, in Paris) is a French singer-songwriter. In addition to his albums, he has written for a number of renowned artists like Johnny Hallyday, Sylvie Vartan, Dalida, and Chantal Goya. He has also composed a great number of films.

## Personal life

He is married to French singer and actress Chantal Goya. They have two children, Jean-Paul and Clarisse.

## Discography

* 1965: Les boutons dorés
* 1967: Les cloches d'Ecosse
* 1974: Redeviens Virginie
* 1976: Si tu reviens
* 1989: Depuis 1959... Avec toi
* 1991: Paul et Virginie
* 1996: Best of
* 1997: A Long Island
* 2003: Les Enfants du Paradis
* 2012: Bourlingueur des étoiles
* 2013: Sous le soleil des Guinguettes (peaked in FR: #14, BEL (Wa): #87)
* 2014: Sur le chemin du bonheur

## Filmography

* 1962: The Dance
* 1963: D'où viens-tu Johnny?
* 1964: Cherchez l'idole as himself
* 2009: Partir as Paul Marais

### soundtracks

* 1963: D'où viens-tu Johnny?
* 1966: Masculin, féminin
* 1971: L'amour c'est gai, l'amour c'est triste
* 1979: Le temps des vacances
* 1983: Les parents ne sont pas simples cette année
* 2001: Absolument fabuleux
* 2004: Michel Strogoff
* 2010: Gigola

### Themes of TV series and TV films

* 1972: Églantine
* 1979: Les malheurs de Sophie
* 1980: Les Misérables
* 1980: Capitaine Flam
* 1981: Bouba, le petit ourson
* 1984: Les Trois Mousquetaires
* 1984: Les quatre filles du docteur March
* 1987: David le gnome
* 1998: Michel Strogoff
* 2001: Conan, le fils du futur
# Brunetto Bucciarelli-Ducci

Brunetto Bucciarelli-Ducci (18 June 1914 – 4 February 1994) was an Italian politician and magistrate.
His name appears in the list of members of the P2 lodge found in Castiglion Fibocchi on 17 March 1981.

## Biography

Bucciarelli-Ducci was born in Terranuova Bracciolini, Province of Arezzo. He graduated in law at the University of Florence in 1937. Subsequently, he passed the competition for judicial auditor in 1940 and entered the judiciary.
During the Second World War he was called to arms as an artillery officer and subsequently served at the military tribunal of Bari, where he met Aldo Moro, then an airman assigned to the same tribunal, to whom he was always bound by a deep friendship. At the end of the war period he resumed his career as a magistrate as investigating judge at the Arezzo court.
In 1948 he was elected deputy in the Siena-Arezzo-Grosseto constituency and reconfirmed continuously until the 6th parliamentary term, among the ranks of the Christian Democracy. In 1953 he became vice-chairman of the Christian Democratic group in the Chamber, led by Attilio Piccioni. On 12 June 1958, he was elected vice-president of the Chamber of Deputies and was also confirmed in the subsequent parliamentary term. Following the appointment of President of Chamber Giovanni Leone as Prime Minister, in the session of 26 June 1963 Bucciarelli-Ducci was elected president of the assembly with a wide parliamentary consensus.
On 27 January 1977, he was elected judge of the Constitutional Court by Parliament in a joint session, together with Alberto Malagugini and Oronzo Reale. He held the position until 31 January 1986.
He died in Arezzo on 4 February 1994 of a myocardial infarction

## Electoral history

| Election | House | Constituency | Party | Votes | Result |
| 1948 | Chamber of Deputies | Siena–Arezzo–Grosseto | DC | 14,149 | Y Elected |
| 1953 | Chamber of Deputies | Siena–Arezzo–Grosseto | DC | 21,854 | Y Elected |
| 1958 | Chamber of Deputies | Siena–Arezzo–Grosseto | DC | 33,930 | Y Elected |
| 1963 | Chamber of Deputies | Siena–Arezzo–Grosseto | DC | 44,346 | Y Elected |
| 1968 | Chamber of Deputies | Siena–Arezzo–Grosseto | DC | 38,133 | Y Elected |
| 1972 | Chamber of Deputies | Siena–Arezzo–Grosseto | DC | 43,049 | Y Elected |

## Honours and awards

* Italy: Knight of the Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (5 July 1976)
# 2010 Badarwas train collision

The 2010 Badarwas train collision occurred on 20 September 2010, at Badarwas, Madhya Pradesh, India, when two trains collided with each other. Twenty-three people were reported dead as a result of the accident, and 30 people were reported injured.

## Accident

The accident happened at around 5 A.M. when a freight train rammed the stationary Indore-Gwalior Intercity Express from behind at Badarwas railway station, resulting in the piling up of the last three compartments of the Intercity express on top of one another.
# Hương Mai

Hương Mai is a commune (xã) and village in Việt Yên, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.
# Tiên Sơn, Bắc Giang

Tiên Sơn is a commune (xã) and village in Việt Yên, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.
# Nicholas Alexandre Voboam II

(Nicholas) Alexandre Voboam (1634/46–1692/1704) was a French luthier from a renowned Parisian family of instrument makers. A total of 26 signed baroque guitars and two violas da gambas have been attributed to the Voboam family of which three guitars bear the signature of Alexandre Voboam and the date 1652.
He was the son of Luthier René Voboam and brother to Jean Voboam. Records note that Alexandre Voboam lived at rue des Arcis, Paris and that he married Anne Bourdet on 19 January 1671. Alexandre's guitars were held in high esteem during his lifetime and a century later were still considered desirable instruments.
# Omer Verschoore

Omer Verschoore (2 December 1888 – 27 November 1931) was a Belgian racing cyclist. He won the Belgian national road race title in 1912.
# Don't Come Crying to Me

"Don't Come Crying to Me" is a song written by Michael Gore and Dean Pitchford and performed by Linda Clifford. It was released in 1982 as a single from the album I'll Keep on Loving You. Along with the track "Let It Ride", "Don't Come Crying to Me" spent three weeks at number one on the US Dance chart. The track would be Clifford's final number one on the dance charts, and unlike her previous entries to the top spot, "Don't Come Crying to Me" did not cross over to any other chart.
# Hussain Qassem

Hussain Qasim (Arabic: حسين قاسم, born 21 September 1997) is a Saudi Arabian professional footballer who plays as a left back for Pro League side Al-Fateh.

## Career

Hussain Qassem started his career at the youth team of Al-Hilal. On 1 August 2018, Hussain Qassem left Al-Hilal and joined Pro League side Al-Ettifaq. On 14 September 2020, Hussain Qassem left Al-Ettifaq and joined Pro League side Al-Faisaly. On 28 July 2022, Qassem joined Al-Tai on a two-year deal. On 31 January 2025, Qassem joined Al-Fateh.

## Honours
### Club

Al-Faisaly
* King Cup: 2020–21