OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Wabash Memorial Bridge

The Wabash Memorial Bridge (Wabash Memorial Toll Bridge in INDOT documents) carries vehicular traffic across the Wabash River between Indiana State Road 62 and Illinois Route 141. The 4,932-foot-long (1,503 m), two-lane bridge is located in both Posey County, Indiana, and White County, Illinois. The bridge is operated by the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT). The bridge was built in 1956 and has an estimated life of 75 years. It is the southernmost span connecting Illinois and Indiana, with the next vehicular bridge is located 25 miles north near Griffin on Interstate 64.
Effective January 1, 2011, through June 30, 2014, INDOT adopted an electronic toll collection system for the bridge, with users being required to obtain a transponder in order to legally use the bridge. The automated toll collection system, called Wabash Pass, cost $900,000. Tolls were 50 cents for cars, 30 cents for motorcycles or bicycles, and $1.70 for six-axle trucks. The last toll increase was in 1984. Customers pre-paid their tolls on-line or over the telephone using an e-check, debit card or credit card. Each driver had to have a windshield decal that contained a transponder circuit associated with the driver's account. Over 7,000 of the ISO 18000 6C sticker tag transponders from Federal Signal/Sirit were issued.
Effective July 1, 2014, the State of Indiana discontinued tolls on the Wabash Memorial Bridge. Other than the Indiana Toll Road, it was the last state-owned toll bridge with tolls collected in Indiana. The bridge has an average daily traffic of 4,000 vehicles. The Cannonball Bridge across the Wabash River at St. Francisville, Illinois, a different bridge about 60 miles upstream, continues to collect tolls.
In a $1.67 million resurfacing of the bridge, the contractors used hydrojet demolition instead of jackhammering to remove a layer of the existing concrete surface. As a result, the project was completed in four months. The bridge remained open to one lane of traffic throughout the construction.
# Jeff Stone (American politician, born 1956)

Jeffrey Earle Stone (born January 30, 1956) is an American politician and pharmacist, currently serving as a member of the Nevada State Senate since 2022. A member of the Republican Party, Stone represented California's 28th State Senatorial district in the California State Senate, which encompassed parts of Riverside County at the time. Prior to his 2014 election to the California State Senate, he was a Riverside County Supervisor. Stone stepped down from the California State Senate in 2019 after being nominated Western Regional Director of the United States Department of Labor by President Donald Trump. After his federal position ended in 2021, he became a full-time resident of Nevada and now represents the Nevada's 20th Senate district.

## Early life and education

Stone was born and raised in Los Angeles County, California. He earned a Doctor of Pharmacy degree from the USC School of Pharmacy.

## Career

After earning his pharmacy degree, Stone relocated to Temecula, California and opened a small business. He served as a member of the Temecula City Council before being elected to the Riverside County Board of Supervisors.
In the 2014 general election, he defeated former Assemblywoman Bonnie Garcia, another Republican. Stone is Jewish. He was the only Republican member of the California Legislative Jewish Caucus until he resigned from the caucus, saying it was preoccupied with criticizing President Donald Trump. He resigned the same day the Jewish Caucus released a statement condemning President Trump's response to the white supremacist Unite the Right rally in Charlottesville.
In 2016, Stone was the Republican nominee for California's 36th congressional district, but he lost the general election to Raul Ruiz by a wide margin. He was narrowly re-elected to the Senate in 2018. He resigned on November 1, 2019, after accepting an appointment with the U.S. Department of Labor to become its Western Regional Director. After a special election held on May 13, 2020, Stone was succeeded in the State Senate by Republican Assemblywoman, Melissa Melendez. Stone's time at the Department of Labor ended on January 20, 2021.
Stone had previously purchased a home in Henderson, Nevada. In 2022, he announced his candidacy for Nevada's 20th state Senate district. Following his successful election, Stone became a Nevada senator in November 2022 encompassing the southeastern corner of the state.
# Assistant Secretary of the Interior for Fish and Wildlife and Parks

The Assistant Secretary for Fish and Wildlife and Parks is appointed by the president of the United States and confirmed by the United States Senate. The Assistant Secretary for Fish and Wildlife and Parks reports to the United States Secretary of the Interior, who is the head of the U.S. Department of the Interior. The Assistant Secretary for Fish and Wildlife and Parks has the direct responsibility for programs associated with the management and conservation of natural resources, including the National Park Service, Fish and Wildlife Service, Air Resources Division, American Indian Liaison Office, Geological Resources Division, and the Water Resources Division.
The current Assistant Secretary is Shannon Estenoz, who was confirmed on June 24, 2021.

## List of Assistant Secretaries for Fish and Wildlife and Parks

* G. Ray Arnett 1981–1984
* Harold Craig Manson 2002 to 2005
* Matt Hogan (Acting) July 7, 2006
* David M. Verhey (Acting) July 28, 2006 to 2007
* R. Lyle Laverty 2007 to 2009
* Tom Strickland 2009 to 2011
* Rob Wallace 2019 to 2021
* Shannon Estenoz 2021 to Present
# Walden 7

Walden 7 is an apartment building designed by Ricardo Bofill Taller de Arquitectura and located in Sant Just Desvern near Barcelona, in Catalonia, Spain. It was built in 1975.

## Name

The name of the building is inspired by B. F. Skinner's novel, Walden Two, which depicts a utopian community and itself is a reference to Henry David Thoreau's novel Walden. It is noted for its use of modules to create apartments and many public community spaces.

## Structure and usage

The original project includes 446 residences. With a budget lower than the norm for subsidized housing at the time, Walden 7 was built in the area to the west of Barcelona. It was originally designed as one of five similar blocks. The building is composed of 18 towers which are displaced from their base, forming a curve and coming into contact with the neighbouring towers, described as a "vertical labyrinth with seven interconnecting interior courtyards." The area originally devoted to communal uses was reduced to allow an increased number of apartments. These apartments are formed on the basis of one or more 28-square-metre (33 sq yd) modules, which creates, on different levels, dwellings that range from single-module studios to large multiple-module apartments. Partitions between modules may be modified, designed to shift as family structures shift.
Walden 7 was designed with small, uniform windows and no central heating. Its original design included a bath in the middle of the room, which most residents removed. The original exterior façade was covered with small, red ceramic tiles backed with the wrong adhesive, creating a pedestrian hazard as the tiles fell off the building., The local government began repairing the structure in the 1990s, and a 1995 refurbishment removed most of the tiles and replaced them with red paint. The only remaining tiles exist on the small balconies. The interior is painted in blue, purple, and yellow. It is accessible by tram; the stop near the building is called Walden.
Although the building is a private apartment complex, it offers public tours.

## Reception

Walden 7 became instantly iconic and made the cover of the prestigious Architectural Design magazine in July 1975.
In an article for Architectural Digest, architectural historian Vincent Scully described Walden 7 as "a wildly expressionistic apartment house, part Gaudí, part Archigram."

## In popular culture

In the 1993 film The Bilingual Lover, two characters live in Walden 7. The falling tiles are mentioned.
# Bruce Christensen

Bruce Ray Christensen (born February 22, 1948) is a former Major League Baseball shortstop for the California Angels. He was drafted by the Angels in the 17th round of the 1966 amateur draft. In his only major league season, 1971, he got into a total of 29 games, 24 at shortstop, and was in the starting lineup 15 times. Most of his starts came when All-Star shortstop Jim Fregosi was on the disabled list. Christensen was called up to the Angels after hitting .309 in 82 games for the Salt Lake City Angels of the Pacific Coast League, and made his major league debut on July 17.
He was an excellent defensive player and an adequate hitter at the major league level. At short he made only one error in 81 chances for a fielding percentage of .988, much higher than the league average. He also participated in 13 double plays. At the plate he was 17-for-63 (.270), and his six walks pushed his on-base percentage up to .333. Not a power hitter, he had just one extra base hit (a double), three runs batted in, and four runs scored.
Christensen's best game as a hitter came on July 28, 1971, when he had three hits and a walk in a 5-1 victory over the Cleveland Indians at Cleveland Stadium. He scored one run and drove in another.
# Fredericton Botanic Garden

The Fredericton Botanic Garden is a 54-acre (22 ha) garden located on hillside backed by Odell Park in Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada. Its main features include terraces, streams, and springs, and natural habitats for local animals.

## History and activities

The garden was established in 1969. It houses the largest collection of rhododendrons in the Province. The collection of Azaleas and perennial beds are recognized throughout the botany community.
The garden also maintains the Fredericton Botanic Garden Fund, which provides educational programming for the community.
The venue also attracts photographers, artists, bird watchers, trailers, and naturalists.
# Juvonte Reddic

Juvonte Reddic (born May 23, 1992) is an American professional basketball player for Ironi Kiryat Ata of the Israeli Basketball Premier League. A 6' 9" power forward, Reddic played college basketball for Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU).

## College career

Reddic chose VCU over Maryland, Ole Miss and Oklahoma out of Quality Education Academy in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. As a freshman, Reddic was a role player, but did contribute to the Rams' run to the 2011 NCAA Final Four. He moved into the starting lineup as a sophomore, averaging 10.3 points and 6.7 rebounds per game and earning third-team All-Colonial Athletic Association honors.
As a junior and senior, Reddic became one of the top big men in the Atlantic 10 Conference, earning second-team all-conference honors both seasons and earned national recognition in his senior season as he was one of 50 players nationally added to the John R. Wooden Award watch list for national player of the year. Reddic finished with 1,438 points and 895 rebounds for his career.

## Professional career
### 2014–15 season

Following the close of his college career, Reddic was not drafted in the 2014 NBA draft. On August 6, 2014, he signed with Victoria Libertas Pesaro of Italy for the 2014–15 season. In January 2015, he left Pesaro and signed with Virtus Pallacanestro Bologna for the rest of the season.

### 2015–16 season

In July 2015, Reddic joined the Brooklyn Nets for the 2015 NBA Summer League. On October 31, Reddic was selected by the Canton Charge in the third round of the 2015 NBA Development League draft.

### 2016–17 season

On August 22, 2016, Reddic signed with the Greek team Kolossos Rodou. He was voted as the Greek Basket League MVP of the 1st round.

### 2017–present

Reddic played for Falco KC Szombathely of the Hungarian League. In the 2019–20 season he averaged 15.4 points and 5.4 rebounds per game. On May 29, 2020, he signed with Chorale Roanne Basket of the LNB Pro A. Reddic averaged 12.3 points, 5.1 rebounds and 1.4 steals per game. He re-signed with the team on June 19, 2021.
In the summer of 2022, he signed with Ironi Kiryat Ata of the Israeli Basketball Premier League.
# Hasan Bitmez

Hasan Bitmez (15 December 1969 – 14 December 2023) was a Turkish politician who was a member of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey for the Felicity Party.

## Personal life and death

Born in the town of Alucra on 15 December 1969, Bitmez attended Gebze Imam-Hatip High School in Istanbul, and went to college at Al-Azhar University. He was married and had one child.
On 12 December 2023, Bitmez collapsed from a heart attack in parliament, moments after finishing a speech denouncing Israel in the context of the 2023 Israel–Hamas war, saying that Israel "will suffer the wrath of Allah," and criticizing the ongoing relationship between Turkey's ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) and Israel. While he collapsed, AKP members of parliament chanted "this is the wrath of Allah". He died at Ankara Bilkent City Hospital two days later, on 14 December at the age of 53, one day before his 54th birthday. He was buried at Merkezefendi Cemetery in Istanbul.
Bitmez is the fourth MP in the history of Turkey to have died during or after an event that took place in the Assembly, following Halid Karsıalan, Mehmet Abdurrezak Ceylan, and Mehmet Fevzi Şıhanlıoğlu. Following his death, the Felicity and Future Alliance failed to maintain the 20-deputy quota to unify, and it subsequently fell apart. However, CHP Kütahya MP Ali Fazıl Kasap switched parties and refounded the group until the group dissolved to create New Path.
# Chris Oguso

Chris Mmbwanga Oguso is a senior superintendent with Kenya Police, the chief executive officer of Kenyan premier league side Police F.C., and a grassroots football developer.

## Professional career

Oguso started as a police constable and rose through the ranks.
Between 2010 and 2015, Oguso was sent by the Kenya Government to investigate a 2010 terror attack in Kampala, Uganda, as the lead phone analyst. He had similar assignments in 2013 (Westgate, Nairobi), 2015 (Garissa University), and 2019 (DusitD2, Nairobi). In 2022, he was assigned to the office of the Prime Cabinet Secretary.

## Soccer career

In 2011, he launched the annual Chris Oguso Cup, a football tournament that provides a platform for young talent in Mahanga Village, Mungoa location, in Vihiga County. In February 2021, Oguso was appointed as the chief executive officer of Police F.C.

## Awards

During Kenya's Jamhuri Day celebration on 12 December 2022, Oguso was decorated by the President of the Republic William Ruto with a Head of State Commendation (HSC) for his service to the nation.
# Universe (Exo song)

"Universe" is a song by South Korean–Chinese boy band Exo, released on December 26, 2017, as the lead single of their sixth extended play Universe. It was released in both Korean and Chinese versions by their label SM Entertainment.

## Background and release

Produced by Shin Hyuk and MRey, "Universe" is described as a soft pop-rock ballad, with lyrics about how a person will search the universe just to find their lover. The song was released on December 26 with the album.

## Music video

The Korean and Chinese music videos for "Universe" were released on December 26, 2017. It features Exo "melancholically reflecting on the caffeinated beverage and performing different activities that serve as metaphors for the tightly-wound, messy emotions described in the lyrics".
The Korean music video has over 44 million views on YouTube.

## Promotion

Exo performed "Universe" for the first time on December 31 on MBC's year-end show, MBC Gayo Daejejeon. The song was also performed during Nature Republic's Green Nature Exo Fan Festival on February 3, 2018.

## Commercial performance

"Universe" debuted at number two on the South Korean Gaon Digital Chart. It also topped the Billboard Korea Kpop Hot 100 for the first week of 2018.

## Credits and personnel

Credits adapted from the album's liner notes.

### Studio

* SM LVYIN Studio – recording
* SM Concert Hall Studio – mixing
* Sterling Sound – mastering

### Personnel

* SM Entertainment – executive producer
* Lee Soo-man – producer
* Yoo Young-jin – music and sound supervisor
* Exo – vocals
** Chen – background vocals
* Sarah Yoon – Korean lyrics
* Xiao Han – Chinese lyrics
* Hyuk Shin – producer, composition, arrangement
* Marco "MRey" Reyes – producer, composition, arrangement
* JJ Evans – composition
* Jeff Lewis – composition
* Seo Mi-rae – vocal directing, background vocals, Pro Tools operating, digital editing
* Lee Ji-hong – recording
* Nam Koong-jin – mixing
* Randy Merrill – mastering

## Sales
### Downloads

| Region | Sales |
| South Korea | 140,698+ |

## Accolades

| Year | Award | Category | Result |
| 2017 | Gaon Chart Music Awards | Song of the Year – December | Nominated |
| 2018 | Korea Popular Music Awards | Best Digital Song | Nominated |
| 2019 | Golden Disk Awards | Digital Bonsang | Nominated |

### Music program awards

| Program | Date |
| Music Bank (KBS) | January 5, 2018 |
| Music Bank (KBS) | January 12, 2018 |
| Show! Music Core (MBC) | January 6, 2018 |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Label |
| South Korea | December 26, 2017 | Digital downloadstreaming | SMGenie |
| Various | December 26, 2017 | Digital downloadstreaming | SM |
# 1931 in Spain

Events in the year 1931 in Spain.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Alfonso XIII until 14 April
* President of the Council of Ministers of Spain (President): Niceto Alcalá-Zamora (starting 14 April)
* President of the Council of Ministers of Spain (Prime Minister):
** until 18 February: Dámaso Berenguer
** 18 February-14 April: Juan Bautista Aznar-Cabañas
** 14 April-14 October: Niceto Alcalá-Zamora
** starting 14 October: Manuel Azaña

## Events
### Full date unknown

* Acción obrera newspaper from Ceuta is launched.

## Births

* February 11 - Agustín García-Gasco Vicente, cardinal (d. 2011)
* February 18 - Laura Valenzuela, television presenter (d. 2023)
* March 18 - Canito (d. 1998)
* March 23 - Gloria Begué Cantón, professor, jurist, senator and magistrate (d. 2016)
* September 7 – Josep Lluís Núñez, businessman and football club president (d. 2018)

## Deaths

* October 9 - Santiago Artigas, Spanish actor (b. 1881)
# John H. Hilldring

Major General John Henry Hilldring (March 27, 1895 – January 20, 1974) was a senior United States Army officer who fought during both World War I and World War II and served as Assistant Secretary of State for Occupied Areas from 1946 to 1947.

## Biography

Hilldring was born in New Rochelle, New York on March 27, 1895. He was of Swedish descent, and was educated at Columbia University before transferring to the University of Connecticut, graduating in 1918. He served in the United States Army during World War I, with the rank of first lieutenant, into the infantry. He saw action on the Western Front and was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross.
Hilldring went on to become a career officer in the Army. In this capacity, he was posted in the Philippines. In 1936, he was appointed to the General Staff of the United States Army.
With the American entry into World War II, Hilldring became Assistant Chief of Staff of the United States Army in 1942. With the rank of major general, he became the Commanding General (CG) of the 84th Infantry Division later in 1942. In 1943, he became the Chief of the Army's Civil Affairs Division. In this capacity, he served as a U.S. delegate at the Potsdam Conference. Hilldring retired from the Army in 1946.
On April 12, 1946, the President of the United States, Harry S. Truman, nominated Hilldring to be Assistant Secretary of State for Occupied Areas. He was sworn in on April 17, 1946, and held office until August 31, 1947.
In 1950, Hilldring became foreign-operations manager of General Aniline & Film, a Swiss chemical firm that was seized by the U.S. during World War II on suspicion of Nazi domination. He was promoted to executive vice president in 1954, and became the company's president in 1955.

## Decorations

* Distinguished Service Cross
* Army Distinguished Service Medal with Oak Leaf Cluster
* World War I Victory Medal with five Battle clasp
* Army of Occupation of Germany Medal
* American Defense Service Medal
* American Campaign Medal
* European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal
* World War II Victory Medal

## Works by John H. Hilldring

* "What is Our Purpose in Germany?", The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science (January 1948)
* "The Common Market", The International Executive (Summer 1960)
# Allan Barcellos

Allan Barcellos Silveira (born 27 July 1992), is a Brazilian football manager who currently works at São Paulo under-20 team.

## Career

Graduated in physical education from PUC-RS, Barcellos began his career as a coach in the youth sectors of Grêmio FBPA, from 2013 to 2021.
Barcellos arrived at São Paulo FC in 2022, to command the under-13 team. Over the years he was a coach in practically all of the club's categories, arriving in the second half of 2024 in charge of the under-20 squad. He stood out for the great reaction obtained in the Brazilian Championship, for reaching the final of the Campeonato Paulista, and for the title in the Copa do Brasil in December. In January 2025, he won the main youth category title in Brazilian football, the Copa SP de Futebol Jr.

## Honours
### São Paulo U20

* Copa São Paulo de Futebol Jr.: 2025
* Copa do Brasil Sub-20: 2024
# Kurzweil Educational Systems

Kurzweil Education (formerly Kurzweil Educational Systems) is an American-based company that provides educational technology.
Kurzweil Education provides literacy solutions, tools and training for those with learning differences and challenges, or people with blindness or partially sighted.
Founded in 1996, the company has pioneered the development of computerized assistive technology. Its headquarters are in Dallas, Texas.
The company supplies two principal software products to its customers—Kurzweil 1000 and Kurzweil 3000. Kurzweil 1000 is a software which enables a visually impaired user to gain access to both web-based, digital or scanned print materials through its OCR and text to speech features; Kurzweil 1000 software provides easy access to most printed forms and presents them with the fields, labels, boxes, and text areas in the appropriate reading order to enable forms completion via the computer.
Kurzweil 3000 is an educational technology, or assistive technology, which provides a reading, writing and study platform aimed at people with learning disabilities or other disabilities that make reading or writing difficult. Kurzweil 3000 is used to support those with dyslexia, dysgraphia, English language learners in school, higher education, at home and in the workplace. Kurzweil 3000 can read aloud web-based, digital or scanned print material, convert web-based, digital or scanned print materials into mp3 to provide audible files to listen to on the go or through its firefly web app can be read on an iPad.
Though the company was formed in 1996, its text to speech software is actually something that dates back to the 1970s, when Raymond Kurzweil developed his first Kurzweil Reading Machine, a device which could scan and speak text.
In 2005, Kurzweil Educational Systems was acquired by Cambium Learning Technologies. Cambium owns a number of other education related companies.