OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Avraham Yehoshua Heshel

Avraham Yehoshua Heshel of Apt, popularly known as the Apter Rebbe or Apter Rov, was born in Żmigród, Poland in 1748 and died in Mezhbizh, Russian Empire (now Ukraine) in 1825.

## Rabbinical career

A scion of famous rabbinic families, on both his father's and his mother's side (his family can be traced back to Maharam Padua and Saul Wahl), Avraham Yehoshua Heshel showed great promise even at an early age. Acquiring fame as a talmudic scholar, he studied under Rabbi Elimelech of Lizhensk and Rabbi Yechiel Michl of Zlotchov. Becoming one of the foremost spokesmen of the growing Chasidic movement in Poland, he began his career as Rabbi of Kolbuszowa. In 1800 he accepted the post of Rabbi of Apt, or Opatów. Although he held many other rabbinic positions, to the chasidim he remained always the Apter Rov. In 1808 he was chosen as Rabbi of Iaşi, Moldavia. In the wake of communal strife there, he was forced to leave his post and settled in Mezhbizh, the home of the Baal Shem Tov and the cradle of Hasidism, where he devoted himself completely to the study and dissemination of Chasidism.
His daughter, Rachel Ashkenazi, authored several original commentaries on the Torah.
It was during this period in his life, in Mezhbizh, that he gained the veneration of thousands of followers, among whom were a number of the prominent rabbis of the age. His outstanding character trait was his strongly expressed love of the Jewish people, which earned him the title of Oheiv Yisrael, "Lover of Israel". Oheiv Yisrael became the title of the published collection of his thoughts arranged according to the weekly Torah portions. The work abounds with lofty kabbalistic insights and interpretations. It is one of the basic Chasidic texts and bespeaks the Apter Rov's passionate love of his fellow Jews. The Apter Rov is one of the most notable and beloved luminaries in the Hasidic firmament.
On his deathbed, crying bitterly over the long exile, he said: "Before his demise, Rabbi Levi Yitzchak of Berdichev promised that upon entering the World-to-Come he would not rest or sit until Mashiach would come. But they diverted his attention by teaching him lofty and mystical concepts until he forgot his pledge—but I assure you, I will not forget."
He was buried in Mezhbizh, near the Baal Shem Tov. An ornate stone ohel marks his grave in the old Jewish cemetery. According to one Hasidic legend, angels subsequently carried his body and buried him in the Holy Land, and in the Jewish Cemetery in Tiberias there is a stone marking his supposed grave.

## The Hasidic dynasty of Mezhbizh/Zinkov

Rabbi Avraham Yehoshua Heshel of Apt was the founder of the Mezhbizh/Zinkover rabbinic dynasty. In honor of the dynasty's founder, his descendants adopted the family name Heshel.
# Bubal Station

Bubal station (Korean: 부발역) is a railway station on Gyeonggang Line of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway and semi-high-speed Jungbunaeryuk Line in Bubal-eup, Icheon, Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. The former line is used by suburban trains that share the Seoul Subway's ticketing system, and the latter by high-speed Korea Train Express (KTX) trains.

## Station Layout

| L2 Platforms | Side platform, doors will open on the left | Side platform, doors will open on the left |
| L2 Platforms | Southbound | → Gyeonggang Line toward Yeoju (Sejongdaewangneung)→ |
| L2 Platforms | Northbound | ← Gyeonggang Line toward Pangyo (Icheon) |
| Side platform, doors will open on the left ||
| L1 Concourse | Lobby | Customer Service, Shops, Vending machines, ATMs |
| G | Street level | Exit |
# Bayu Baev

Bayu Yordanov Baev (Bulgarian: Баю Баев, born 5 January 1941) is a Bulgarian former freestyle wrestler who competed in the 1968 Summer Olympics and in the 1972 Summer Olympics.
# Siege of Bar (1649)

The Siege of Bar took place between the Cossack garrison of Bar and the Polish–Lithuanian forces of the Bar fortress, during which Polish commander Piotr Potocki laid a siege on the fortress, capturing the fortress and defeating its garrison, in February 1649.

## Prelude

Bar fortress was an important defense point of Podolia, which came under control of Cossacks during the previous siege. Piotr Potocki gathered an army with the goal of retaking Bar fortress and taking revenge on Cossacks in 1649.

## Siege

On February, Piotr Potocki besieged Bar fortress. Potocki was responsible for maintaining the Kamianets-Podilskyi and was in charge of it, but he still took part in campaigns against Cossacks. Much like Maksym Kryvonis during the siege of 1648, Potocki used trickery and scheming in order to get into Bar fortress. After Potocki managed to get into the fortress with his army, he fought and defeated the Cossack garrison of Bar, reportedly leaving no one alive from the garrison. This was described as Polish forces taking revenge on Cossacks, who broke their promise of peaceful capitulation to the Polish Bar garrison in 1648, executing Polish prisoners.
The news of the loss of Bar fortress to Polish forces infuriated Bohdan Khmelnytsky. This led to crueler treatment of Polish prisoners held by the Cossacks, including Kudak garrison. Khmelnytsky reportedly refused to hand over Andrzej Polotcki who was captured in the previous siege of Bar.

## Aftermath

The loss of Bar fortress to Polish forces was a major blow to Cossack control over Podolia. Khmelnytsky was particularly dissatisfied about the loss of Bar. When the Commonwealth envoys arrived, Khmelnytsky treated them like captives, not allowing them to leave. Khmelnytsky clearly expressed his dissatisfaction about losing Bar fortress and ongoing actions of Piotr Potocki in Podolia, saying to the commissioners present at the meeting:
   It's a pity about this howory, God gave them to me. I will kill them, if there is no provocation to war from Lithuania and the Poles are not raised. Let Potocki wait here for his brother, the starost of Kamieniec, who took Bar, my city, from me; in my Podolia he is shedding Christian blood, I ordered the regiments to move there and bring him back alive.
# Onnetō Hot Falls

Onnetō Yu-no-Taki (オンネトー湯の滝) is a hot waterfall near Lake Onnetō in Akan Mashu National Park, Hokkaidō, Japan. Water of a temperature of 43 °C (109 °F) descends from a height of 30 m (98 ft). Formerly an onsen, its use as an open-air bath was discontinued after it was discovered that the site and its black mud contains an important deposit of manganese. The Onnetō Hot Falls Manganese Oxide Generation Area (オンネトー湯の滝マンガン酸化物生成地) was designated a Natural Monument of Japan in 2000.
# Gerhard von Tiesenhausen

Gerhard Diedrich Jakob von Tiesenhausen (Latvian: Gerhards fon Tīzenhauzens; 26 March 1878 in Tartu – 26 October 1917 in Tiraspol) was a Livonian Art Nouveau architect. He was from the Tiesenhausens ancestry, father of Hans-Diedrich von Tiesenhausen.
Gerhard von Tiesenhausen was born in Dorpat (Tartu) 26 March 1878. His father was a Major General Carl Jacob Reinhold von Tiesenhausen, member of Baltic nobility.
He studied architecture in Riga Polytechnical Institute and graduated in 1906. During his studies he became member of student corporation Fraternitas Baltica.
In 1907 he supervised construction works of a Lutheran church in Novorossiysk. Later he worked as an architect in St. Petersburg. In 1909 he returned to Riga and until 1910 was employed in the office of architect E. von Trompovsky. Later he actively participated in development of Keiserwald (Mežaparks) neighbourghood of Riga. Between 1911 and 1913 he designed 44 buildings there including his own family mansion.
After the start of First World war Gerhard von Tiesenhausen was drafted into Russian Imperial army. In 1916 he was sent to Tiraspol where he supervised construction works of a military barracks. He died there on 26 October 1917 after an accident.

## Gallery

* Mansion on Stokholmas street 25, Riga. (1911)
* Mansion on Stokholmas street 39, Riga. (1912)
* Residential (twin) house on Stokholmas street 69, Riga (1911)
* Residential (twin) house on Stokholmas street 61/63, Riga. (1911)
# Dallas Post Tribune

The Dallas Post Tribune is a weekly newspaper published every Thursday. It is distributed throughout the Dallas–Fort Worth area of the U.S. state of Texas. The Dallas Post Tribune was originally created in 1947 in Tyler, Texas by Bert C. Muse. Before it became the Dallas Post Tribune, the paper went through a few different name changes, the first being the Tyler Morning Tribune, followed by The Dallas Star Post, before renaming the company to the Dallas Post Tribune. According to the print media experts Echo Media, the Dallas Post Tribune currently holds the title of being the largest black-owned newspaper in the northern Texas area.
Fred J. Finch Jr., a Dallas attorney affiliated with the Post Tribune in the 1980s, went on to found The Dallas Examiner, with a focus on a racially diverse audience, quality journalism and savvy business management. Finch retained an ownership stake in the Post Tribune. According to Willie Mae Hughey, business manager for the Examiner in the 1990s, during that time the Post Tribune contained "standard fare for a black weekly: church news, sorority-fraternity announcement, "man-on-street" reactions, and notable achievements by local residents, scattered among brief news reports and myriad columns featuring commentary on civil rights issues."
# Klamath Falls City Hall

Klamath Falls City Hall is a city hall building in Klamath Falls, Oregon, in the United States. It was built in 1914 and added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 30, 1989.
It is a two-and-a-half-story Beaux Arts-style building designed by Earl Veghte, a young architect.
It has four colossal Ionic columns. It has brick and contrasting concrete trim elements, including flat-arched lintels with raised keystones and voussoirs.
# Lebanese Haitians

Lebanese Haitians (French: Haïtiens libanais; Haitian Creole: Ayisyen Libanè; Arabic: الهايتيين اللبنانيين) are Haitians of Lebanese descent, one of several groups of Arab Haitians. Their history dates back to the late 1800s, when many individuals left Lebanon for the Americas, including Haiti. They are active in a variety of industries, including retail and telecommunications. As of 2010, their population was estimated at 12,000. As a minority with a position of relative power in the Haitian economy, they have faced ethnic discrimination, notably encouraged by gang leader Jimmy Chérizier.

## History

Lebanon saw widespread emigration to the Americas during the second half of the 19th century as a result of regional and international conflicts, such as the ethnic conflict between the Maronite Christians and the Druze in 1860. Lebanese individuals travelled to the United States, Canada, Brazil, Argentina, and various other Latin American states. These migrants began arriving in Haiti during the 1880s. In some cases, migrants attempting to reach the United States stopped in Haiti and decided to stay. They were followed by other groups of Arabs, including Syrians, Jordanians, and Palestinians.
This immigration has continued into more recent times, and in 2010, there were estimated to be 8,000 Lebanese Haitians. Many are active in the retail and telecommunications industries, trading pearls, owning stores (especially supermarkets), and working as engineers. After the 2010 Haiti earthquake, Lebanese engineers employed by Digicel worked to repair the damaged telecommunications network, including two who were on leave in Lebanon and returned to help their colleagues in Haiti.

## Demographics

The 12,000 or so Lebanese Haitians are part of a larger Arab Haitian community, the largest subgroup of which being Syrian Haitians. As of 2010, the total population of Haiti was estimated at 10 million.

## Discrimination

After the assassination of Jovenel Moïse in 2021, former police officer and gang leader Jimmy Chérizier, who described the event as an "international conspiracy", called on his followers to engage in violence against the "masters of the system". This included business owners of Syrian and Lebanese descent, whom Chérizier urged to leave the country, stating that supermarkets should by owned by "folks who looks [sic] like us". In a 2023 interview with Jon Lee Anderson, Chérizier further blamed "the Lebanese" for Haiti's problems, describing them as "oligarchs" who kept Black Haitians from having the same wealth and opportunities.
A 2022 report by the US Department of State made note of the ethnic discrimination faced by the relatively economically powerful Syrian-Lebanese community.

## Notable Lebanese Haitians

* Michelle Buteau, American-born comedian and television host of partial Haitian Lebanese descent through her father
* Robert Malval, Prime Minister of Haiti (1993−1994)
# Basil McKinney

Basil McKinney (21 June 1912 – 1969) was a Bahamian sailor. He competed in the 5.5 Metre event at the 1952 Summer Olympics.
# Studding sail

A studding sail, or stun'sl (pronounced stuns'l /ˈstʌnsəl/) is an extra sail on a square rigged vessel for use in fair weather. It is set outside the square sails, using stun'sl booms which run out along the yards. They came into use some time in the middle of the 17th century and by the beginning of the 19th century were usual on all square rigged sailing vessels. They started to become less common in the last quarter of the 19th century, as the economies of smaller crews and avoidance of damage to the ship's gear became more important than a fast voyage.

## History

The origins of studding sails are relatively uncertain. The earliest reference is in 1655, but precise information on how these early examples were rigged is unknown. It is not until 1790 that this is available. Some changes in the detail of design and usage occurred over succeeding years.$^{:115}$
All ordinary working square-rigged vessels were usually fitted out to set stun'sls by the start of the 19th century. This started to change in the last quarter of the 19th century.$^{:131}$$^{:48–49}$ As steamers took over routes and cargoes that needed fast passages, sailing vessels competed by being able to cut costs much more easily. Crew sizes were reduced, so there were fewer experienced hands to set and take in stun'sls. Any ship which pressed on in rising winds risked breaking a stun'sl boom or damaging sails–if the owner had all or some of the stun'sls sent ashore, there was less to break and these repair costs avoided. Clippers on the routes to China continued to race against each other with large crews and full suits of sails (which included stun'sls) until they also had their trade taken over by steamers in the years following the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869. As these ships took other routes, most of them had the same economies applied.$^{:210}$

## Description

A studding sail is an extra sail hoisted alongside a square-rigged sail. It is named from the mast that it is set alongside: top-gallant studding sail, topmast studding sail and lower studding sail.$^{:234}$ These sails provide extra speed in fine weather.
# 1999 Saarland state election

The 1999 Saarland state election was held on 5 September 1999 to elect the members of the Landtag of Saarland. The incumbent Social Democratic Party (SPD) government led by Minister-President Reinhard Klimmt was defeated. The Christian Democratic Union (CDU) won a narrow majority of one seat. CDU leader Peter Müller was subsequently elected minister-president.

## Parties

The table below lists parties represented in the previous Landtag of Saarland.
| Name | Name | Name | Ideology | Leader(s) | 1994 result | 1994 result |
| Name | Name | Name | Ideology | Leader(s) | Votes (%) | Seats |
| | SPD | Social Democratic Party of Germany Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands | Social democracy | Reinhard Klimmt | 49.4% | 27 / 51 |
| | CDU | Christian Democratic Union of Germany Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands | Christian democracy | Peter Müller | 38.6% | 21 / 51 |
| | Grüne | Alliance 90/The Greens Bündnis 90/Die Grünen | Green politics | Christian Molitor | 5.5% | 3 / 51 |

## Opinion polling

| Polling firm | Fieldwork date | Sample size | SPD | CDU | Grüne | FDP | Others | Lead |
| 1999 state election | 5 Sep 1999 | – | 44.4 | 45.5 | 3.2 | 2.6 | 4.2 | 1.1 |
| Forschungsgruppe Wahlen | 31 Aug 1999 | 1,017 | 46 | 45 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 1 |
| Infratest dimap | 18 Aug 1999 | 1,000 | 43 | 45 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 2 |
| Infratest dimap | 14–18 Jul 1999 | 1,000 | 43 | 46 | 4.5 | 2 | 4.5 | 3 |
| Infratest dimap | 17–21 Jun 1999 | 1,000 | 42 | 46 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 4 |
| Emnid | 25–29 Mar 1999 | 1,000 | 45 | 42 | 6 | 3 | 4 | 3 |
| Forsa | March 1999 | ? | 51 | 41 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 10 |
| Forsa | 19 Feb 1999 | ? | 51 | 36 | ? | ? | ? | 15 |
| Emnid | 30 Jan 1999 | ? | 46 | 41 | 7 | 2 | ? | 5 |
| 1994 state election | 16 Oct 1994 | – | 49.4 | 38.6 | 5.5 | 2.1 | 4.4 | 10.8 |

## Election result

Summary of the 5 September 1999 election results for the Landtag of Saarland :
| Party | Party | Votes | % | +/- | Seats | +/- | Seats % |
| | Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | 253,856 | 45.5 | 6.9 | 26 | 5 | 51.0 |
| | Social Democratic Party (SPD) | 247,311 | 44.4 | 5.0 | 25 | 2 | 49.0 |
| | Alliance 90/The Greens (Grüne) | 18,106 | 3.2 | 2.3 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| | Free Democratic Party (FDP) | 14,259 | 2.6 | 0.5 | 0 | ±0 | 0 |
| | Others | 23,805 | 4.2 | | 0 | ±0 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 557,337 | 100.0 | | 51 | ±0 | |
| Voter turnout | Voter turnout | | 68.7 | 14.8 | | | |

## Sources

* The Federal Returning Officer Archived 2004-12-06 at the Wayback Machine
# Leandro Barrera

Leandro Iván Barrera (born February 22, 1991) is an Argentine football forward who plays for Chilean club Cobreloa.

## Career

Barrera began his career in the renowned youth ranks of Argentinos Juniors, making his debut in the Primera Division Argentina in 2010. Pedro Troglio handed Barrera his first team debut against Club Atlético Huracán as he came in for Andrés Romero. With Argentinos Barrera made 42 league appearances and scored three goals.
Barrera was loaned to Chivas USA of Major League Soccer on February 19, 2014, with Chivas having an option to purchase the player.
Following the 2014 season, the Chivas USA franchise was contracted by MLS. In November 2014, Barrera was available to other MLS clubs in the 2014 MLS Dispersal Draft but was not selected. In December 2014, Barrera was selected by San Jose Earthquakes in the MLS Waiver Draft.
On 25 June 2018 Leandro Barrera signed a three-year professional contract with Marítimo.
Barrera signed with Chilean club Cobreloa for the 2025 season, his third club in that country after Santiago Morning in 2020–2022 and Deportes Santa Cruz in 2024.

## Honours

Argentinos Juniors
* Argentine Primera División: 2009–10 Clausura
# Kadu Makrani (film)

Kadu Makrani is a 1960 Gujarati historical fantasy film directed by Manhar Raskapur from India. The film tells the story of the historical figure Kadu Makrani, a bandit, fighting the British. The lead role was played by Arvind Pandya. The music was composed by Avinash Vyas. It was a commercial success.

## Plot

A century ago, Makrani clan of Inaj, a settlement in Junagadh State, defy the British Raj. The British invades the settlement thus four Makrani members become bandits and harass the British. The British orders Harbhai Desai who was an administrator under the Nawab of Junagadh, to capture or kill their leader Kadar Baksh, also known as Kadu Madrani. Harbhai Desai and Kadu Makrani were childhood friends who clash on the battlefield with each other. Kadu retracted but was identified and finally captured. In June 1887, he was hanged at Karachi jail.

## Cast

The cast is as follows:
* Arvind Pandya
* Shalini
* Champshibhai Nagada
* Mahesh Desai
* Bhudo Advani
* Babu Raje
Other cast members included Champak Lala, Radha, Ruby Myers (Sulochana), Ulhas, Jaya Bhatt, Honey Chhaya, Vishnu Vyas, Padmakumar Joshi, Ajit Soni, Mukund Desai, Devika Roy, Bhimjibhai, Upendra Trivedi, Gunvant Kayastha, Bagla, Manjula Moti.

## Production

The film was a anti-Imperialist historical fantasy. The film was based on a biographical story of Kadu Makrani by Gujarati author Gunvantrai Acharya. It was directed by Mahnar Raskapur and produced by Champshibhai Nagada under banner of film company Sadhna Chitra. The production was launched on 18 September 1958, Ganesh Chaturthi.

## Soundtrack

The soundtrack is as follows:
All lyrics are written by Avinash Vyas, Apa Hamir; all music is composed by Avinash Vyas

## Reception

The film was a commercial success. It is Raskapur's best-known film. Film critic Amrit Gangar has considered the film as one of the "landmark" films of Raskapur.

## Legacy

The film started a tradition of films depicting the struggle with the establishment in Gujarati cinema. Large number of such films were produced subsequently and the tradition was also mirrored in the Hindi cinema after a decade and half. The film's success pushed for more films based on folklore in Gujarati cinema.
The film was remade in 1973 in Gujarati by Manu Desai.
# Croixanvec

Croixanvec (French pronunciation:; Breton: Kroeshañveg) is a former commune in the Morbihan department of Brittany in north-western France. On 1 January 2022, it was merged into the new commune Saint-Gérand-Croixanvec.

## Demographics

Inhabitants of Croixanvec are called in French Croixanvequois.
# Christopher Larson

Christopher Larson (born 1 October 1991) is a Bahamian international footballer who played college soccer for The Catholic University of America, as a midfielder.

## Playing career
### Club

Larson played college soccer in the United States for the Catholic University Cardinals. He scored six goals in 63 games for the Cardinals.

### International

He made his international debut for Bahamas in a July 2011 FIFA World Cup qualification match against the Turks and Caicos Islands , and has appeared in FIFA World Cup qualifying matches.
# Ricardo McPhee

Ricardo Rivaldo Jade McPhee (born 3 June 1999) is a Bahamian footballer who plays for United FC and the Bahamas national football team.

## International career

McPhee made his senior international debut on 7 September 2018 in a 4–0 away defeat to Belize during CONCACAF Nations League qualifying.

### International goals

    Scores and results list the Bahamas' goal tally first.
| No. | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1. | 16 March 2019 | Thomas Robinson Stadium, Nassau, Bahamas | Turks and Caicos Islands | 3–0 | 6–1 | Friendly |
# 45th Army Corps (Russian Empire)

The 45th Army Corps was an Army corps in the Imperial Russian Army.

## Part of

* 11th Army: 1916
* 9th Army: 1917
* 5th Army: 1917
# Vionville

Vionville (French pronunciation:) is a former commune in the Moselle department in Grand Est in north-eastern France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Rezonville-Vionville.
The battle of Vionville (Rezonville or Mars-la-Tour) was fought here on 16 of August 1870 between the French and the Germans during the Franco-Prussian War.
# Nowa Kaźmierka

Nowa Kaźmierka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Chocz, within Pleszew County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.
# Nowa Obra, Wolsztyn County

Nowa Obra is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wolsztyn, within Wolsztyn County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) south-west of Wolsztyn and 72 km (45 mi) south-west of the regional capital Poznań.
# The Black Book (serial)

The Black Book is a 1929 American silent film serial directed by Spencer Gordon Bennet and Thomas Storey, starring Allene Ray and Walter Miller.

## Cast

* Allene Ray as Dora Drake
* Walter Miller as Ted Bradley
* Frank Lackteen as Valdez
* Paul Panzer as The Hawk
* Marie Mosquini as Sally
* Edith London as Mrs. Valdez
* Willie Fung as Tin Lung
* Edward Cecil as Limpy Lambert
* John Webb Dillion as LeBec
* Fred Malatesta as Sudro
* Floyd Adams as Michael
* Olga Vanna as The Maid
* Jock Fraser as Crook
* Evan Pearson as Crook
* Clay De Roy as Crook