OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Maria Hasse

Maria-Viktoria Hasse (May 30, 1921 – January 10, 2014) was a German mathematician who became the first female professor in the faculty of mathematics and science at TU Dresden. She wrote books on set theory and category theory, and is known as one of the namesakes of the Gallai–Hasse–Roy–Vitaver theorem in graph coloring.

## Education and career

Hasse was born in Warnemünde. She went to the Gymnasium in Rostock, and after a term in the Reich Labour Service from 1939 to 1940, studied mathematics, physics, and philosophy at the University of Rostock and University of Tübingen from 1940 to 1943, earning a diploma in 1943 from Rostock. She continued at Rostock as an assistant and lecturer, earning a doctorate (Dr. rer. nat.) in 1949 and a habilitation in 1954. Her doctoral dissertation, Über eine singuläre Intergralgleichung 1. Art mit logarithmischer Unstetigkeit [On a singular integral equation of the 1st kind with logarithmic discontinuity], was supervised by Hans Schubert; her habilitation thesis was Über eine Hillsche Differentialgleichung [On Hill's differential equation]. She worked as a professor of algebra at TU Dresden from 1954 until her 1981 retirement.

## Contributions

With Lothar Michler, Hasse wrote Theorie der Kategorien [Category Theory] (Deutscher Verlag, 1966). She also wrote Grundbegriffe der Mengenlehre und Logik [Basic Concepts of Set Theory and Logic] (Harri Deutsch, 1968).
In the theory of graph coloring, the Gallai–Hasse–Roy–Vitaver theorem provides a duality between colorings of the vertices of a graph and orientations of its edges. It states that the minimum number of colors needed in a coloring equals the number of vertices in a longest path, in an orientation chosen to minimize the length of this path. It was stated in 1958 in a graph theory textbook by Claude Berge, and independently published by Hasse, Tibor Gallai, B. Roy, and L. Vitaver. Hasse's publication of this result was the second chronologically, in 1965.
# Premiership of Trudeau

Premiership of Trudeau may refer to:
* Premierships of Pierre Trudeau
* Premiership of Justin Trudeau
# Cristian García (Colombian footballer)

Cristian Yusset García Borrero (born 25 January 1995) is a Colombian footballer who plays as a defender. He is currently a free agent.

## Career

García was part of Atlético Huila's 2013 squad. He appeared for the Categoría Primera A team in the Copa Colombia on 29 May versus fellow top tier club Once Caldas, he was substituted on as Atlético Huila lost 3–0.

## Career statistics

    As of 23 January 2019.
Club statistics :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Atlético Huila | 2013 | Categoría Primera A | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
# Gordon Gallagher

Gordon Paul Gallagher (born 1970) is an American lawyer and jurist serving as a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Colorado. He previously served as a United States magistrate judge of the same court.

## Education

Gallagher earned a Bachelor of Arts from Macalester College in 1991 and a Juris Doctor from the Sturm College of Law at the University of Denver in 1996.

## Career

Gallagher spent most of his career in the Colorado Western Slope region. From 1996 to 1997, Gallagher worked as an associate at Underhill and Underhill P.C., representing small businesses. From 1997 to 2000, he served as a deputy district attorney in the Mesa County District Attorney's Office. He operated his own solo practice from 2000 to 2023, focusing on criminal defense, and worked as a federal magistrate judge of the District of Colorado from October 12, 2012, to March 24, 2023, sitting in Grand Junction, Colorado. As a magistrate judge, he oversaw petty offense and misdemeanor cases on federal lands in the western part of the state.
From 2002 until his appointment as a magistrate judge in 2012, Gallagher was a contracted attorney with the Colorado's Office of the Alternate Defense Counsel, representing indigent defendants who could not be represented by the Office of the Colorado State Public Defender due to a conflict. Gallagher has also represented the Southern Ute Indian Tribe and Ute Mountain Ute Tribe. He has been a member of the District Court's Pro Se Working Group and the Grand Valley Task Force's Criminal Justice Working Group.

### Federal judicial service

On August 2, 2022, U.S. Senators Michael Bennet and John Hickenlooper recommended Gallagher, Sundeep Addy and Kato Crews for two vacancies on the U.S. District Court for the District of Colorado. On September 2, 2022, President Joe Biden announced his intent to nominate Gallagher to serve as a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Colorado. On September 6, 2022, his nomination was sent to the Senate. President Biden nominated Gallagher to the seat vacated by Judge William J. Martínez, who subsequently assumed senior status on February 10, 2023. He was the first Colorado Western Slope resident to be appointed to a federal Article III judgeship since 1989. Gallagher was unanimously rated "well qualified" for the judgeship by the American Bar Association's Standing Committee on the Federal Judiciary.
On December 13, 2022, a hearing on his nomination was held before the Senate Judiciary Committee. On January 3, 2023, his nomination was returned to the President under Rule XXXI, Paragraph 6 of the United States Senate. He was renominated on January 23, 2023. On February 9, 2023, his nomination was reported out of committee by a 14–7 vote. On March 2, 2023, the Senate invoked cloture on his nomination by a 50–41 vote. On March 22, 2023, his nomination was confirmed by a 53–43 vote. He received his judicial commission on March 24, 2023.
# Edgar Barth

Wilfried Edgar Barth (German pronunciation:; 26 January 1917 – 20 May 1965) was a German racing driver who competed under the East German flag in Formula One in 1953, and as a West German between 1957 and 1964, taking part in five Grands Prix in all. He also competed in sports car racing, winning the 1959 Targa Florio with Wolfgang Seidel.

## Racing career

Barth was born in Herold. He began his career as a DKW motorcycle racer and later switched to BMW sportscars. The East German factory of BMW would become the Eisenacher Motorenwerk (EMW) after the war. He drove the factory team car in the East German Formula 2 Championship, which he won in both 1952 and 1953. He was allowed to participate in three events in the West in 1953, including his first appearance in the Formula One World Championship. He finished fifth in the non-championship Eifelrennen, but retired from the Avusrennen and the German Grand Prix.
In 1957, he emigrated to the West and drove sporadically for the works Porsche team in Formula One until 1961. He drove in the F2 sections at his home race in 1956 and 1957, finishing outside the points both times. He drove a Formula 1 car in the 1960 Italian Grand Prix, finishing seventh. He was entered into his home race in 1961 but was later withdrawn and was entered as a substitute at Monza that year. His final F1 appearance came at the 1964 German Grand Prix driving a Cooper-Climax for Rob Walker Racing, failing to make the flag.
Barth participated in the 500 kilometers of the Nürburgring, in 1960 in a BMW 700, finishing fifth. Barth won the 1959, 1963 and 1964 European Mountain Championships (Hillclimb) for Porsche and also the 1959 Targa Florio. Apart from Formula 2 races with Porsche 718, he also took part in the 24 Hours of Le Mans on numerous occasions.
He began to suffer from cancer at the end of 1964, and succumbed to the disease in May 1965. His son Jürgen Barth became an engineer at Porsche and also went into motorsport, winning the Le Mans 24 Hours in 1977.

## Career results
### Complete Formula One World Championship results

(key)
| Year | Entrant | Chassis | Engine | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | WDC | Pts |
| 1953 | Rennkollektiv EMW | EMW R2 | EMW 6 2.0 L6 | ARG | 500 | NED | BEL | FRA | GBR | GER Ret | SUI | ITA | | | NC | 0 |
| 1957 | Dr Ing F. Porsche KG | Porsche RS550 (F2) | Porsche 547/3 1.5 F4 | ARG | MON | 500 | FRA | GBR | GER 12 | PES | ITA | | | | NC | 0 |
| 1958 | Dr Ing F. Porsche KG | Porsche RSK (F2) | Porsche 547/3 1.5 F4 | ARG | MON | NED | 500 | BEL | FRA | GBR | GER 6 | POR | ITA | MOR | NC | 0 |
| 1960 | Dr Ing F. Porsche KG | Porsche 718 | Porsche 547/3 1.5 F4 | ARG | MON | 500 | NED | BEL | FRA | GBR | POR | ITA 7 | USA | | NC | 0 |
| 1961 | Dr Ing F. Porsche KG | Porsche 787 | Porsche 547/3 1.5 F4 | MON | NED | BEL | FRA | GBR | GER WD | | | | | | NC | 0 |
| 1961 | Porsche System Engineering | Porsche 718 | Porsche 547/3 1.5 F4 | | | | | | | ITA PO | USA | | | | NC | 0 |
| 1964 | R.R.C. Walker Racing Team | Cooper T66 | Climax FWMV 1.5 V8 | MON | NED | BEL | FRA | GBR | GER Ret | AUT | ITA | USA | MEX | | NC | 0 |
| Source: |||||||||||||||||
# Candace Jackson-Akiwumi

Candace Rae Jackson-Akiwumi (born 1979) is an American attorney who has served as a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit since July 2021. She was previously a staff attorney at the federal defender program in the Northern District of Illinois from 2010 to 2020 and a partner at Zuckerman Spaeder in Washington, D.C., from 2020 to 2021.

## Early life and education

Jackson-Akiwumi was born in Norfolk, Virginia, to United States District Judge Raymond Alvin Jackson and former Norfolk General District Court Judge Gwendolyn Jackson. Jackson-Akiwumi received her Bachelor of Arts, with honors, from Princeton University in 2000 and her Juris Doctor from Yale Law School in 2005. At Yale, she served as a senior editor on the Yale Law Journal.

## Career

She began her legal career as a law clerk to Judge David H. Coar of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois from 2005 to 2006, and then for Judge Roger Gregory of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit from 2006 to 2007. She was a litigation associate at Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom in Chicago from 2007 to 2010.
From 2010 to 2020, she worked as a staff attorney at the federal public defender program in the Northern District of Illinois. In 2018, she also co-taught a class in criminal law at Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law. From 2020 to 2021, she was a partner at Zuckerman Spaeder in Washington, D.C., where she focused on complex civil litigation, white collar criminal defense, and investigations.

### Federal judicial service

On March 30, 2021, President Joe Biden announced his intent to nominate Jackson-Akiwumi to serve as a United States circuit judge for the Seventh Circuit. On April 19, 2021, her nomination was sent to the Senate. President Biden nominated Jackson-Akiwumi to the seat vacated by Judge Joel Flaum, who assumed senior status on November 30, 2020. On April 28, 2021, a hearing on her nomination was held before the Senate Judiciary Committee. On May 20, 2021, her nomination was favorably reported by the committee by a 12–10 vote. On June 21, 2021, Majority Leader Chuck Schumer filed cloture on her nomination. On June 23, 2021, the United States Senate invoked cloture on her nomination by a 53–47 vote. On June 24, 2021, her nomination was confirmed by a 53–40 vote. She received her judicial commission on July 1, 2021. She is the second African-American woman (after Ann Claire Williams) and the first former federal public defender to sit on the Seventh Circuit.

### U.S. Supreme Court speculation

In January 2022, Supreme Court Associate Justice Stephen Breyer announced that he would retire at the end of the term. Jackson-Akiwumi was included in lists of potential nominees for a Supreme Court appointment under President Joe Biden, who pledged to nominate the first Black woman to the Supreme Court if given the opportunity. Ultimately, Biden nominated Ketanji Brown Jackson, who was confirmed in April of that year.
# Paul Mahlo

Friedrich Paul Mahlo (born 28 July 1883 in Coswig, Duchy of Anhalt; died 20 August 1971 in Halle, Bezirk Halle) was a German mathematician.
Mahlo introduced Mahlo cardinals in 1911. He also showed that the continuum hypothesis implies the existence of a Luzin set.

## Publications

* Mahlo, Paul (1908), Topologische untersuchungen über Zerlegung in Ebene und sphaerische Polygone, Halle: C. A. Kaemmerer & co. PhD dissertation
* Mahlo, Paul (1911), "Über lineare transfinite Mengen", Berichte über die Verhandlungen der Königlich Sächsischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig. Mathematisch-Physische Klasse, 63: 187–225
* Mahlo, Paul (1912), "Zur Theorie und Anwendung der ρ$_0$-Zahlen", Berichte über die Verhandlungen der Königlich Sächsischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig. Mathematisch-Physische Klasse, 64: 108–112
# 1047

Year 1047 (MXLVII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar.

## Events
### By place
#### Byzantine Empire

* September 25–28 – Rebel general Leo Tornikios (a nephew of Emperor Constantine IX) proclaims himself emperor at Adrianople, and besieges Constantinople. Byzantine troops personally led by Constantine repel him, and re-occupy the walls. Tornikios is forced to withdraw, while his followers start to abandon him. Finally, he is captured at a church in Boulgarophygon (modern Turkey), and is publicly blinded.
* Winter – Constantine IX allows the Pecheneg tribes to cross the Danube and settle permanently in Byzantine territory. He buys their alliance with presents, using them to attack his enemies (Bulgars and Magyars) in the rear, and so to prevent any southward advance of the Kievan Rus'.

#### Europe

* Spring – Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor ("the Black") travels to southern Italy, and deprives Guaimar IV of his title Duke of Apulia and Calabria. He receives homage from Drogo of Hauteville, who becomes "Duke and Master of all Italy".
* August 10 – Battle of Val-ès-Dunes: Norman duke William I secures control over Normandy with assistance from King Henry I of France by defeating rebel Norman barons at Caen. Later in October, William promulgates the "Truce of God" throughout his duchy.
* October 25 – Harald Hardrada becomes sole king of Norway on the death of his nephew and co-regent Magnus I ("the Good"). The crown of Denmark passes to Sweyn II.

### By topic
#### Religion

* October 9 – Pope Clement II dies suddenly after a 9-month pontificate. Benedict IX usurps the papal throne as the 150th pope of the Catholic Church (his third time in the office).
* November – Benedict IX, with support of Boniface III, Margrave of Tuscany, seizes the Lateran Palace in Rome.

## Births

* December 28 – Sunjong, ruler of Goryeo (d. 1083)
* Cai Jing, Chinese official and calligrapher (d. 1126)
* Qingshui, Chinese Chan Buddhist monk (d. 1101)
* Xiang, Chinese empress regent of the Song dynasty (d. 1102)
* Yizong, Chinese emperor of Western Xia (d. 1068)
* Approximate date
** Hugh d'Avranches, Norman nobleman (d. 1101)
** Simon de Crépy, French nobleman
** Wyszesława of Kiev, duchess of Poland

## Deaths

* March 29 (or 1048) – Æthelstan of Abingdon, English abbot (or 1048)
* June 16 – Poppo, archbishop of Trier
* August 29 – Ælfwine, bishop of Winchester
* September 7 – Otto II, duke of Swabia
* October 9 – Clement II, pope of the Catholic Church
* October 16 – Henry VII, German nobleman
* October 25 – Magnus the Good, king of Norway
* Eustace I, count of Boulogne (House of Flanders)
* Grimketel, English clergyman and bishop
* Humbert I, founder of the House of Savoy (or 1048)
* Levente, Hungarian nobleman (House of Árpád)
* Miecław (or Miesław), Polish nobleman
* Nripa Kama II, Indian king (Hoysala Empire)
* Raymond III, count of Pallars Jussà
* Rodulfus Glaber, French Benedictine chronicler (b. 985)
* Stephen II, count of Troyes and Meaux
* Approximate date
** Gerard Flaitel, Norman nobleman and knight
** Godgifu, English princess
# List of protected areas of Latvia

The Baltic nation of Latvia is home to several protected areas, which receive protection because of their environmental, cultural or similar value.
The total area of Latvia’s protected terrestrial territories is 11,726 km$^2$ (4,527 sq mi), which amounts to approximately 18.18% of the country’s territory. In addition 4,631 km$^2$ (1,788 sq mi) of marine area protected, or 16.04% of the country’s territorial waters. Total number of protected areas — 1118. In Latvia there are 4 Strict Nature Reserves, 4 National Parks, 261 Managed Nature Reserves, 325 Natural Monuments, 6 Ramsar sites and 9 Protected Landscape.

## Managed Reserves

In Latvia there are 294 Managed Nature Reserves.

## Ramsar sites

In Latvia there are 6 Ramsar Sites.
* Lake Engure (Latvian: Engures ezers),
* Lake Kaņieris (Latvian: Ķemeru Nacionālā parka teritorija),
* Lubana wetland complex (Latvian: Lubāna mitrājs),
* Northern Bogs (Latvian: Ziemeļu purvi),
* Pape Wetland Complex (Latvian: Pape),
* Teiči and Pelecare bogs (Latvian: Teiču purvs, Latvian: Pelečāres purvs).

## Protected Landscapes

In Latvia there are 9 Protected Landscapes.
* Ādaži
* Augšdaugava
* Augšzeme
* Kaučers
* Nīcgales Meži
* Veclaicene
* Vecpiebalga
* Vestiena
* Ziemeļgauja
# Ai Uchida

Ai Uchida (Japanese: 宮岡•愛; born: November 24, 1984), previously known as Ai Miyaoka, is a former wushu taolu and taijiquan athlete from Japan. She was a multiple-time medalist at the World Wushu Championships and the Asian Games, and also won the bronze medal in women's taijiquan at the 2008 Beijing Wushu Tournament. She is Japan's most renowned wushu athlete at the Asian Games.
# K-NFB Reader

The K-NFB Reader (an acronym for Kurzweil — National Federation of the Blind Reader) is a handheld electronic reading device for the blind. It was developed in a partnership between Ray Kurzweil and the National Federation of the Blind.
The original version of the reader was composed of a digital camera and a PDA, which contained specialised OCR software and speech synthesizers to read the scanned material aloud. It was released at a price of $3,495.
The software was later ported to the Symbian operating system, to be used on Nokia N82 camera phones, with a new price of $1,595.
Developed by the National Federation of the Blind and Sensotec NV in 2014, an iOS port was released at a price of $99. An Android version was released shortly after.
KNFB Reader can read:
* Receipts
* Package labels and mail
* Product and nutritional information
* Print on your computer or tablet screen
* Longer documents such as books and user manuals
* Private documents such as tax materials, mortgage documents, bills, and medical reports
* Ebooks and documents in the ePub format
* Documents in more than thirty languages

## Innovative features

Source:
* Text Detection (shows you where there is print to capture)
* Tilt and Viewfinder Assist (ensures you capture the entire page)
* Text Highlighting (pinpoints text for dyslexic and other print-disabled users)
# Equity Bank Park

Equity Bank Park is a baseball park in downtown Wichita, Kansas, United States. It serves as the home ballpark of the Wichita Wind Surge of the Texas League. The team relocated from the New Orleans suburb of Metairie, Louisiana, after the 2019 season.
Equity Bank Park has a total seating capacity of 10,025 people with 6,000 in fixed seating in addition to luxury suites and a grass berm in right field. When not used for baseball, the city plans to use the facility for sports festivals, high school football, concerts, and an ice rink in winter. The new ballpark will share hosting of the National Baseball Congress World Series (NBC World Series) with Eck Stadium at Wichita State.

## History
### Previous stadiums

Island Park baseball stadium was built in 1912 on what was then Ackerman Island in the Arkansas River, north of the Douglas Street bridge. Baseball was played there from 1912 to 1933, when the stadium was torn down so the island could be removed to widen the river into one channel.
Lawrence Stadium was built on the site of the current stadium in 1934 as a Works Progress Administration (WPA) project during the Great Depression. In 1978, it was renamed to Lawrence–Dumont Stadium. In November 2018, the stadium was demolished to make room for the new Riverfront Stadium. The National Baseball Congress World Series was played entirely at Lawrence–Dumont Stadium from 1935 until 2018.

### Current stadium

Riverfront Stadium was built on the site of the former Lawrence–Dumont Stadium. Ground was broken for the ballpark in February 2019. A topping out ceremony, marking the placement of the last steel beam, was held on August 7, 2019. The stadium name was announced on March 6, 2020.
The ballpark was built to host the Wichita Wind Surge, a Triple-A team of the Pacific Coast League. However, a combination of the cancellation of the 2020 season due to the COVID-19 pandemic and Major League Baseball's realignment of the minor leagues for 2021, resulted in the team dropping down to the Double-A Texas League without having played a Triple-A game.
On April 10, 2021, the Wichita State Shockers baseball team hosted the University of Houston in the first baseball game played at Riverfront Stadium.
On January 21, 2025, the stadium was renamed to Equity Bank Park after locally based Equity Bank bought the naming rights, which will last until 2039.
# Papua Komboy

Papua Gosner Paskhalino Komboy (born May 11, 1999) is an Indonesian professional footballer who plays as a winger for Liga Nusantara club PSCS Cilacap.

## Club career
### Persipura Jayapura

He was signed for Persipura Jayapura to play in Liga 1 in the 2018 season.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of match played 1 February 2025
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Persipura Jayapura | 2018 | Liga 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Persipura Jayapura | 2019 | Liga 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Muba Babel United | 2021 | Liga 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Batavia | 2021 | Liga 3 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 1 |
| Persiba Balikpapan | 2022 | Liga 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| Persiba Balikpapan | 2023–24 | Liga 2 | 15 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15 | 2 |
| PSPS Riau | 2024–25 | Liga 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| PSCS Cilacap | 2024–25 | Liga Nusantara | 11 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 2 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 38 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 38 | 5 |
* ↑ Includes Piala Indonesia.
# Bright Nights Dark Days

Bright Nights Dark Days is Cavo's first major label (and second studio) album, released on August 11, 2009 on Reprise Records. It debuted at No. 47 on the Billboard 200.

## Charts

| Chart (2009) | Peak position |
| Billboard 200 | 47 |
| Billboard Rock Albums | 13 |
| Billboard Alternative Albums | 10 |
| Billboard Hard Rock Albums | 3 |