# Holiday Bowl

The Holiday Bowl is an annual college football bowl game held in San Diego, California. Operating since 1978, its current conference tie-ins are with the Pac-12 Conference and the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC). The bowl is held at Snapdragon Stadium; it was played at San Diego Stadium from 1978 to 2019, and at Petco Park from 2021 to 2023.
Historically, the Holiday Bowl had a long-standing tie-in with the Western Athletic Conference (WAC). During this period, the bowl hosted the game that clinched the national championship for the BYU Cougars in 1984, one of only two times a non-New Year's Six bowl game has done this. The bowl also previously had tie-ins with the Big 12 Conference and the Big Ten Conference.

## History

The Holiday Bowl was founded in 1978 to give the Western Athletic Conference an automatic bowl bid after the Fiesta Bowl, which previously had a tie-in with the conference, ended its association with the WAC following the departure of Arizona and Arizona State (the latter of which served as the game's host) to join the Pacific-8 Conference in the summer of 1978, leading to the conference renaming itself as the Pacific-10. The Holiday Bowl inherited the Fiesta Bowl's former WAC ties and gave the conference's champion its automatic bid. For the first several editions, the WAC champion played an at-large team; from 1991 through 1994, the Big Ten Conference was given the second bid, provided it had enough bowl-eligible teams.
Beginning in 1995, the Big Eight Conference replaced the Big Ten and remained tied with the bowl as the conference expanded to become the Big 12 the following year. The WAC's automatic bid was split, with first choice given to the Cotton Bowl Classic in Dallas, and a team from the Pacific-10 was added as the alternate pick (meaning that, if the WAC champion played in the Cotton Bowl, a Pacific-10 team would play in the Holiday Bowl). The WAC ended its association with the Holiday Bowl after 1997, and the game became a matchup between the Big 12 and Pacific-10.
From 1998 to 2009, the matchup featured the No. 2 team in the Pacific-10/Pac-12 and the No. 3 Big 12 team, but the Alamo Bowl outbid the Holiday Bowl to feature that matchup beginning in 2010. Holiday Bowl Executive Director Bruce Binkowski stated that average ticket prices for the Holiday Bowl would have had to be increased from $60 to $100 to match the Alamo Bowl's offer of a $3 million payout (the Holiday Bowl was only offering $2.35 million). The Pac-12 and Big 12 retained their contracts with the Holiday Bowl, however, and the 2010–2013 matchups pitted the No. 3 Pac-12 team against the No. 5 Big 12 team.
Starting with the 2014 game, the Big Ten signed a six-year contract to return after a 20-year absence to the Holiday Bowl, regaining the slot that it had held from 1991 to 1994. With this agreement, the Holiday Bowl featured the No. 3 Pac-12 team and the No. 4 Big Ten team. In 2019, the bowl announced plans to host a Pac-12 team and an Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) team during the 2020-2025 games.
Through 2019, the bowl was played at San Diego Stadium. The stadium was demolished beginning in the autumn of 2020, at which point the game was played at Petco Park. In 2024, the bowl returned to Mission Valley playing in Snapdragon Stadium, built on the site of San Diego Stadium.
On October 22, 2020, organizers canceled the 2020 edition of the bowl, citing complications from the COVID-19 pandemic. The 2021 edition was called off hours before kickoff on December 28, due to COVID-19 protocol issues within the UCLA program, and officially canceled the next morning, after organizers could not secure a replacement team to face NC State. In May 2023, organizers of the Holiday Bowl filed a lawsuit in San Diego County, seeking $3 million in damages from the Pac-12 and UCLA due to their withdrawal from the 2021 game. Organizers also stated that since reimbursement was not provided for cancellation of the 2021 game, the bowl withheld a $3.2 million payment to Pac-12 member Oregon for the 2022 game.
Sponsors of the game have included SeaWorld; Thrifty Car Rental; Chrysler Corporation (through its Plymouth brand); Culligan; Pacific Life; Bridgepoint Education; National University; National Funding, a San Diego–based alternative lender; San Diego County Credit Union, which formerly sponsored San Diego's other bowl game, the now-defunct Poinsettia Bowl; and DirecTV.

## Notable games

For the first seven games, BYU represented the WAC as its champion. In the inaugural 1978 game, the Navy Midshipmen came in with an 8–3 record and a Commander-in-Chief's Trophy and then capped their season with a 23–16 comeback victory over the highly favored Cougars. BYU has played in a total of 11 Holiday Bowls, more than any other team. The 1980 game was known as "The Miracle Bowl" as BYU erased a 20-point SMU lead in the last two minutes of the game, tying the score on the last play of the game—a 60-yard pass from All-American quarterback Jim McMahon to tight end Clay Brown as time expired. BYU kicker Kurt Gunther added the game-winning extra point.
The 1983 game between BYU and Missouri had its own dramatic ending, as BYU rallied behind All-American quarterback Steve Young. With just 23 seconds left, Young gave a handoff to Eddie Stinnett. Stinnett then turned around and passed it back to Steve Young, who caught it and ran in for a touchdown, giving BYU a 21–17 win. Young achieved a rare feat in college football: one touchdown pass, one touchdown run, and one touchdown reception all in a single game. For his efforts, he was named offensive MVP.
In the 1984 edition, BYU secured the national championship by defeating the Michigan Wolverines, 24–17. Because of the WAC's contract with the Holiday Bowl, BYU, top-ranked and the only undefeated team in Division I-A going into that season's bowls, was obligated to play in the mid-tier Holiday Bowl against a mediocre (6–5) Michigan squad. Again, the Holiday Bowl came down to the final few plays. BYU drove the length of the field and scored on a pass from injured All-American quarterback Robbie Bosco to Kelly Smith with 1:23 remaining. Marv Allen, who had played in the very first Holiday Bowl as a redshirt freshman in 1978, sealed the victory with an interception. This game marks a rare example of a non-New Year's Six bowl game featuring a team later named national champion.

## Game results

Rankings are based on the AP poll prior to the game being played.
| Date Played | Winning team | Winning team | Losing team | Losing team | Attnd. | Notes |
| December 22, 1978 | Navy | 23 | BYU | 16 | 52,500 | notes |
| December 21, 1979 | Indiana | 38 | #9 BYU | 37 | 52,500 | notes |
| December 19, 1980 | #14 BYU | 46 | #19 SMU | 45 | 50,200 | notes |
| December 18, 1981 | #14 BYU | 38 | #20 Washington State | 36 | 52,419 | notes |
| December 17, 1982 | #17 Ohio State | 47 | BYU | 17 | 52,533 | notes |
| December 23, 1983 | #9 BYU | 21 | Missouri | 17 | 51,480 | notes |
| December 21, 1984 | #1 BYU | 24 | Michigan | 17 | 61,243 | notes |
| December 22, 1985 | #14 Arkansas | 18 | Arizona State | 17 | 60,641 | notes |
| December 30, 1986 | #19 Iowa | 39 | San Diego State | 38 | 59,473 | notes |
| December 30, 1987 | #18 Iowa | 20 | Wyoming | 19 | 61,892 | notes |
| December 30, 1988 | #12 Oklahoma State | 62 | #15 Wyoming | 14 | 60,641 | notes |
| December 29, 1989 | #18 Penn State | 50 | #19 BYU | 39 | 61,113 | notes |
| December 29, 1990 | Texas A&M | 65 | #13 BYU | 14 | 61,441 | notes |
| December 30, 1991 | BYU | 13 | #7 Iowa | 13 | 60,646 | notes |
| December 30, 1992 | Hawaii | 27 | Illinois | 17 | 44,457 | notes |
| December 30, 1993 | #11 Ohio State | 28 | BYU | 21 | 52,108 | notes |
| December 30, 1994 | #20 Michigan | 24 | #10 Colorado State | 14 | 59,453 | notes |
| December 29, 1995 | #10 Kansas State | 54 | Colorado State | 21 | 51,051 | notes |
| December 30, 1996 | #8 Colorado | 33 | #13 Washington | 21 | 54,749 | notes |
| December 29, 1997 | #18 Colorado State | 35 | #19 Missouri | 24 | 50,761 | notes |
| December 30, 1998 | #5 Arizona | 23 | #14 Nebraska | 20 | 65,354 | notes |
| December 29, 1999 | #7 Kansas State | 24 | Washington | 20 | 57,118 | notes |
| December 29, 2000 | #8 Oregon | 35 | #12 Texas | 30 | 63,278 | notes |
| December 28, 2001 | #9 Texas | 47 | #21 Washington | 43 | 60,548 | notes |
| December 27, 2002 | #6 Kansas State | 34 | Arizona State | 27 | 58,717 | notes |
| December 30, 2003 | #15 Washington State | 28 | #5 Texas | 20 | 61,102 | notes |
| December 30, 2004 | #23 Texas Tech | 45 | #4 California | 31 | 63,711 | notes |
| December 29, 2005 | Oklahoma | 17 | #6 Oregon | 14 | 65,416 | notes |
| December 28, 2006 | #20 California | 45 | #21 Texas A&M | 10 | 62,395 | notes |
| December 27, 2007 | #17 Texas | 52 | #12 Arizona State | 34 | 64,020 | notes |
| December 30, 2008 | #15 Oregon | 42 | #13 Oklahoma State | 31 | 59,106 | notes |
| December 30, 2009 | #20 Nebraska | 33 | #22 Arizona | 0 | 64,607 | notes |
| December 30, 2010 | Washington | 19 | #17 Nebraska | 7 | 57,921 | notes |
| December 28, 2011 | Texas | 21 | California | 10 | 56,313 | notes |
| December 27, 2012 | Baylor | 49 | #17 UCLA | 26 | 55,507 | notes |
| December 30, 2013 | Texas Tech | 37 | #16 Arizona State | 23 | 52,930 | notes |
| December 27, 2014 | #24 USC | 45 | #25 Nebraska | 42 | 55,789 | notes |
| December 30, 2015 | #23 Wisconsin | 23 | USC | 21 | 48,329 | notes |
| December 27, 2016 | Minnesota | 17 | Washington State | 12 | 48,704 | notes |
| December 28, 2017 | #19 Michigan State | 42 | #21 Washington State | 17 | 47,092 | notes |
| December 31, 2018 | Northwestern | 31 | #20 Utah | 20 | 47,007 | notes |
| December 27, 2019 | #19 Iowa | 49 | #22 USC | 24 | 50,123 | notes |
| December 2020 | Canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic | Canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic | Canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic | Canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic | — | |
| December 28, 2021 | Canceled due to COVID-19 protocols | Canceled due to COVID-19 protocols | Canceled due to COVID-19 protocols | Canceled due to COVID-19 protocols | — | |
| December 28, 2022 | #15 Oregon | 28 | North Carolina | 27 | 36,242 | notes |
| December 27, 2023 | USC | 42 | #16 Louisville | 28 | 35,317 | notes |
| December 27, 2024 | #22 Syracuse | 52 | Washington State | 35 | 23,920 | notes |
Source:

## MVPs

The bowl names offensive and defensive MVPs; in some instances, co-MVPs have been named, or two offensive MVPs in lieu of a defensive MVP.
| Game | Offensive MVP | Offensive MVP | Offensive MVP | Defensive MVP | Defensive MVP | Defensive MVP |
| Game | Player | Team | Pos. | Player | Team | Pos. |
| 1978 | Phil McConkey | Navy | WR | Tom Enlow | BYU | LB |
| 1979 | Marc Wilson | BYU | QB | Tim Wilbur | Indiana | CB |
| 1980 | Jim McMahon Craig James | BYU SMU | QB RB | | | |
| 1981 | Jim McMahon | BYU | QB | Kyle Whittingham | BYU | LB |
| 1982 | Tim Spencer | Ohio State | RB | Garcia Lane | Ohio State | CB |
| 1983 | Steve Young | BYU | QB | Bobby Bell | Missouri | DE |
| 1984 | Robbie Bosco | BYU | QB | Leon White | BYU | LB |
| 1985 | Bobby Joe Edmonds | Arkansas | RB | Greg Battle | Arizona State | LB |
| 1986 | Mark Vlasic Todd Santos | Iowa San Diego State | QB QB | Richard Brown | San Diego State | LB |
| 1987 | Craig Burnett | Wyoming | QB | Anthony Wright | Iowa | CB |
| 1988 | Barry Sanders | Oklahoma State | RB | Sim Drain | Oklahoma State | LB |
| 1989 | Blair Thomas Ty Detmer | Penn State BYU | RB QB | | | |
| 1990 | Bucky Richardson | Texas A&M | QB | William Thomas | Texas A&M | LB |
| 1991 | Ty Detmer | BYU | QB | Josh Arnold Carlos James | BYU Iowa | DB DB |
| 1992 | Michael Carter | Hawaii | QB | Junior Tagoai | Hawaii | DT |
| 1993 | Raymont Harris John Walsh | Ohio State BYU | RB QB | Lorenzo Styles | Ohio State | LB |
| 1994 | Todd Collins Anthoney Hill | Michigan Colorado State | QB QB | Matt Dyson | Michigan | LB |
| 1995 | Brian Kavanagh | Kansas State | QB | Mario Smith | Kansas State | DB |
| 1996 | Koy Detmer | Colorado | QB | Nick Ziegler | Colorado | DE |
| 1997 | Moses Moreno Darran Hall | Colorado State Colorado State | QB WR | | | |
| 1998 | Keith Smith | Arizona | QB | Mike Rucker | Nebraska | DE |
| 1999 | Jonathan Beasley | Kansas State | QB | Darren Howard | Kansas State | DE |
| 2000 | Joey Harrington | Oregon | QB | Rashad Bauman | Oregon | DB |
| 2001 | Major Applewhite Willie Hurst | Texas Washington | QB RB | Derrick Johnson | Texas | LB |
| 2002 | Ell Roberson | Kansas State | QB | Terrell Suggs | Arizona State | DE |
| 2003 | Sammy Moore | Washington State | WR | Kyle Basler | Washington State | P |
| 2004 | Sonny Cumbie | Texas Tech | QB | Vincent Meeks | Texas Tech | DB |
| 2005 | Rhett Bomar | Oklahoma | QB | C. J. Ah You Anthony Trucks | Oklahoma Oregon | DE DB |
| 2006 | Marshawn Lynch Nate Longshore | California California | RB QB | Desmond Bishop | California | LB |
| 2007 | Colt McCoy | Texas | QB | Brian Orakpo | Texas | DE |
| 2008 | Jeremiah Masoli | Oregon | QB | Jairus Byrd | Oregon | DB |
| 2009 | Niles Paul | Nebraska | WR | Matt O'Hanlon | Nebraska | DB |
| 2010 | Chris Polk | Washington | RB | Mason Foster | Washington | LB |
| 2011 | David Ash | Texas | QB | Keenan Robinson | Texas | LB |
| 2012 | Lache Seastrunk | Baylor | RB | Chris McAllister | Baylor | DE |
| 2013 | Davis Webb | Texas Tech | QB | Will Smith | Texas Tech | LB |
| 2014 | Cody Kessler | USC | QB | Leonard Williams | USC | DE |
| 2015 | Joel Stave | Wisconsin | QB | Jack Cichy | Wisconsin | LB |
| 2016 | Rodney Smith | Minnesota | RB | Blake Cashman | Minnesota | LB |
| 2017 | Brian Lewerke | Michigan State | QB | Chris Frey Jr. | Michigan State | LB |
| 2018 | Clayton Thorson | Northwestern | QB | JR Pace | Northwestern | S |
| 2019 | Ihmir Smith-Marsette | Iowa | WR | A. J. Epenesa | Iowa | DE |
| 2022 | Bucky Irving | Oregon | RB | Mase Funa | Oregon | LB |
| 2023 | Miller Moss | USC | QB | Jaylin Smith | USC | S |
| 2024 | Kyle McCord | Syracuse | QB | Alijah Clark | Syracuse | DB |
Source:

## Most appearances

Updated through the December 2024 edition (45 games, 90 total appearances).

### Teams with multiple appearances

| Rank | Team | Appearances | Record | Win pct. |
| 1 | BYU | 11 | 4–6–1 | .409 |
| 2 | Texas | 5 | 3–2 | .600 |
| 2 | Washington State | 5 | 1–4 | .200 |
| 3 | Iowa | 4 | 3–0–1 | .875 |
| 3 | Oregon | 4 | 3–1 | .750 |
| 3 | USC | 4 | 2–2 | .500 |
| 3 | Washington | 4 | 1–3 | .250 |
| 3 | Nebraska | 4 | 1–3 | .250 |
| 3 | Arizona State | 4 | 0–4 | .000 |
| Rank | Team | Appearances | Record | Win pct. |
| 10 | Kansas State | 3 | 3–0 | 1.000 |
| 10 | California | 3 | 1–2 | .333 |
| 10 | Colorado State | 3 | 1–2 | .333 |
| 13 | Ohio State | 2 | 2–0 | 1.000 |
| 13 | Texas Tech | 2 | 2–0 | 1.000 |
| 13 | Arizona | 2 | 1–1 | .500 |
| 13 | Michigan | 2 | 1–1 | .500 |
| 13 | Oklahoma State | 2 | 1–1 | .500 |
| 13 | Texas A&M | 2 | 1–1 | .500 |
| 13 | Missouri | 2 | 0–2 | .000 |
| 13 | Wyoming | 2 | 0–2 | .000 |

### Teams with a single appearance

Won (13): Arkansas, Baylor, Colorado, Hawaii, Indiana, Michigan State, Minnesota, Navy, Northwestern, Oklahoma, Penn State, Syracuse, Wisconsin
Lost (7): Illinois, Louisville, North Carolina, San Diego State, SMU, UCLA, Utah
As of 2024, every Pac-12 legacy school except Stanford and Oregon State had appeared in the game (Colorado appeared during their first stint in the Big 12). The only current or former Big 12 members that have not played in the bowl are Cincinnati, Houston, Iowa State, Kansas, TCU, UCF and West Virginia.

## Appearances by conference

Updated through the December 2024 edition (45 games, 90 total appearances).
| Conference | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record | Appearances by season | Appearances by season | Appearances by season |
| Conference | Games | W | L | T | Win pct. | Won | Lost | Tied |
| Pac-12 | 28 | 9 | 19 | 0 | .321 | 1998, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2022, 2023 | 1981, 1985, 1996, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2024 | |
| Big 12 | 18 | 11 | 7 | 0 | .611 | 1996, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2013 | 1997, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2008, 2010 | |
| WAC | 18 | 6 | 11 | 1 | .361 | 1980, 1981, 1983, 1984, 1992, 1997 | 1978, 1979, 1982, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1993, 1994, 1995 | 1991 |
| Big Ten | 15 | 11 | 3 | 1 | .767 | 1979, 1982, 1986, 1987, 1993, 1994, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 | 1984, 1992, 2014 | 1991 |
| Big Eight | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | .667 | 1988, 1995 | 1983 | |
| SWC | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | .667 | 1985, 1990 | 1980 | |
| ACC | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | .333 | 2024 | 2022, 2023 | |
| Independents | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1.000 | 1978, 1989 | | |
* The Pac-12's record includes appearances when the conference was known as the Pac-10 (before 2011).
* Conferences that are defunct or no longer active in FBS are marked in italics.
* Independent appearances: Navy (1978), Penn State (1989)

## Game records

| Team | Record, Team vs. Opponent | Year |
| Most points scored (one team) | 65, Texas A&M vs. BYU | 1990 |
| Most points scored (losing team) | 45, SMU vs. BYU | 1980 |
| Most points scored (both teams) | 91, BYU vs. SMU | 1980 |
| Fewest points allowed | 0, Nebraska vs. Arizona | 2009 |
| Largest margin of victory | 51, Texas A&M vs. BYU | 1990 |
| Total yards | 698, Oklahoma State vs. Wyoming | 1988 |
| Rushing yards | 393, SMU vs. BYU | 1980 |
| Passing yards | 576, BYU vs. Penn State | 1989 |
| First downs | 35, BYU vs. Penn State | 1989 |
| Fewest yards allowed | 109, Nebraska vs. Arizona | 2009 |
| Fewest rushing yards allowed | –12, Texas A&M vs. BYU | 1990 |
| Fewest passing yards allowed | 46, Nebraska vs. Arizona | 2009 |
| Individual | Record, Player, Team vs. Opponent | Year |
| All-purpose yards | | |
| Touchdowns (all-purpose) | 5, Barry Sanders, Oklahoma State vs. Wyoming | 1988 |
| Rushing yards | 235, Raymont Harris, Ohio State vs. BYU | 1993 |
| Rushing touchdowns | 5, Barry Sanders, Oklahoma State vs. Wyoming | 1988 |
| Passing yards | 576, Ty Detmer, BYU vs. Penn State | 1989 |
| Passing touchdowns | 6, Miller Moss, USC vs Louisville | 2023 |
| Receptions | | |
| Receiving yards | 172, Kyle Williams, Washington State vs. Syracuse | 2024 |
| Receiving touchdowns | 3, Clay Brown, BYU vs. SMU | 1980 |
| Tackles | 18 (total), Garland Rivers, Michigan vs. BYU 17 (solo), same | 1984 |
| Sacks | 4, Bobby Bell, Missouri vs. BYU | 1983 |
| Interceptions | 2, by several players—most recent: Brandon Foster, Texas vs. Arizona State | 2007 |
| Long Plays | Record, Player, Team vs. Opponent | Year |
| Touchdown run | 76, Jeremiah Johnson, Oregon vs. Oklahoma State | 2008 |
| Touchdown pass | 76, Koy Detmer to Rae Carruth, Colorado vs. Washington | 1996 |
| Kickoff return | 98, shared by: Adoree' Jackson, USC vs. Nebraska Ihmir Smith-Marsette, Iowa vs. USC | 2014 2019 |
| Punt return | 85, Darran Hall, Colorado State vs. Missouri | 1997 |
| Interception return | 48, Vincent Meeks, Texas Tech vs. California | 2004 |
| Fumble return | 82, Jared McGee, Northwestern vs. Utah | 2018 |
| Punt | 64, shared by: Justin Tucker, Texas vs. California Sam Foltz, Nebraska vs. USC | 2011 2014 |
| Field goal | 51, Ray Tarasi, Penn State vs. BYU | 1989 |
Source:

## Media coverage

The bowl was previously broadcast by Mizlou (1978–1984), Lorimar (1985), ESPN (1986–2016) and FS1 (2017–2019). It then moved over to Fox, although Fox did not carry its first Holiday Bowl until the 2022 edition, due to the 2020 and 2021 cancellations.