OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1980 Turkish presidential election

The 1980 Turkish presidential election refers to the unsuccessful elections to choose the country's seventh president, to succeed Fahri Korutürk. The first round of the elections held on 12 March 1980. There were 115 unsuccessful rounds until 12 September 1980. The elections ended with a coup d'état on that date.

## History

The election agenda began as incumbent president Fahri Korutürk's 7-year term was to finish, in April 1980. According to the 1961 constitution, the winning candidate needed two thirds of the votes of the total members of parliament. Faik Türün was the Justice Party's (AP) candidate and Muhsin Batur was Republican People's Party's candidate; both were retired army generals. During the five and a half months of elections İhsan Sabri Çağlayangil, an AP member, was acting president. Neither of the candidates reached the 2/3 of votes required to become president. The last round was held on 11 September 1980, and the speaker of the parliament scheduled the next session for 12 September 1980 at 15:00 hours. The next session was called off because of the coup d'état.
# Margońska Wieś

Margońska Wieś is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Margonin, within Chodzież County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.
# Hawaii's at-large congressional district

Before achieving statehood in 1959, the Territory of Hawaii was represented by a non-voting territorial delegate. From statehood until 1963, Hawaii had one Representative. From 1963 to the creation of the two districts in 1971, Hawaii was represented in the United States House of Representatives with two Representatives. The district was eliminated in the 1970 redistricting cycle after the 1970 United States census.

## List of members representing the district

A second seat was added in 1963.
| Years | Cong ress | Seat A | Seat A | Seat A | Seat B | Seat B | Seat B |
| Years | Cong ress | Representative | Party | Electoral history | Representative | Party | Electoral history |
| August 21, 1959 – January 3, 1963 | 86th 87th | Daniel Inouye (Honolulu) | Democratic | Elected in 1959. Re-elected in 1960. Retired to run for U.S. senator. | | | |
| January 3, 1963 – January 3, 1965 | 88th | Spark Matsunaga (Honolulu) | Democratic | Elected in 1962. Re-elected in 1964. Re-elected in 1966. Re-elected in 1968. Redistricted to the 1st district. | Thomas Gill (Honolulu) | Democratic | Elected in 1962. Retired to run for U.S. senator. |
| January 3, 1965 – January 3, 1971 | 89th 90th 91st | Spark Matsunaga (Honolulu) | Democratic | Elected in 1962. Re-elected in 1964. Re-elected in 1966. Re-elected in 1968. Redistricted to the 1st district. | Patsy Mink (Waipahu) | Democratic | Elected in 1964. Re-elected in 1966. Re-elected in 1968. Redistricted to the 2nd district. |
# Arnold Kaufman

Arnold Saul Kaufman (14 September 1927 – 6 June 1971) was an American political philosopher.

## Early and personal life

Kaufman was born on 14 September 1927 in Hartford, Connecticut to Louis Kaufman and Norma Grant Kaufman Gofberg. His parents were Jewish immigrants from Lithuania and Belarus. His family moved to Queens, New York when he was young. Kaufman described himself as a "New York immigrant Jew". He served in the Navy for two years during World War II.
Kaufman graduated from City College of New York in 1949. He received his PhD from Columbia University in 1955, with a dissertation on Leonard Hobhouse written under Charles Frankel. He was a Fulbright scholar, studying at the London School of Economics and at Oxford University.
Kaufman had a wife, Betty, and two children, Margaret and William. His brother, Jerome, was an urban planner.

## Career

Kaufman spent fourteen years at University of Michigan, from 1955 onwards. At Michigan, he was involved in organising the first ever teach-in in 1965, held to protest the Vietnam War. He was active within the Democratic Party (in particular, Eugene McCarthy's presidential campaign), the National Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam, Students for a Democratic Society, and SANE. He was also active in the NAACP and was once vice president of his local chapter at Ann Arbor.
For a time in the early 1960s he was in England, working freelance as a journalist and contributor to Socialist Commentary.
Kaufman's best known work is his 1968 book The Radical Liberal: New Man in American Politics, attempting to synthesise traditional liberalism and nonviolent radical tendencies in the New Left. He wrote in 1958 of liberalism
   Liberalism is no insipid political brew. It is potentially the most radical doctrine in the modern world. Because, rightly interpreted, it cannot respect any arrangements—however firmly en-trenched—which deny to every human being his full allotment of personal freedom. [...] A liberal hates that in man which seeks to accumulate power, prestige, and privileges at the expense of the rightful power, prestige, and privileges of others.
The book's title may have been the source of the pejorative use of "radical liberal" by Vice President Spiro Agnew. Kaufman also coined the term "participatory democracy" in 1960. He lectured to the SDS about participatory democracy at Port Huron in 1962, thus influencing the group's Port Huron Statement.
Kaufman taught at UCLA from 1969 to his death. He protested vigorously against the firing of Angela Davis.

## Death

Kaufman died on 6 June 1971 on board Hughes Airwest Flight 706 when it crashed into a military jet. He was on his way to a conference in Salt Lake City.

## Works

* The Radical Liberal: New Man in American Politics (New York: Atherton Press) 1968.
* On Freedom of the Will (an abridged version of Jonathan Edwards). Ed. Arnold S. Kaufman and William Franken (New York: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, Inc.) 1969.
# One Song a Day Takes Mischief Away

One Song a Day Takes Mischief Away (Croatian: Tko pjeva zlo ne misli lit. 'He Who Sings Means No Harm') is a 1970 Croatian comedy-drama film. Directed by Krešo Golik and based on a novella by Vjekoslav Majer [hr], the film achieved considerable critical and commercial success at the time of its release. In 1999, a poll of Croatian film critics found it to be the best Croatian film ever made.
Set in 1935 in Zagreb, the story is seen through the eyes of 6-year-old Perica Šafranek (played by Tomislav Žganec). A dandy from Zagreb, Mr Fulir (played by Relja Bašić), starts flirting with Perica's mother during a family picnic. At first, Perica's father does not notice anything and invites Fulir to their residence. Perica's father wants to marry off Perica's aunt to Fulir, pairing them because Fulir is a good man and she is rich. After multiple rendezvous, he becomes aware of Fulir's attempts to seduce his wife.
# Tanja Hauschildt

Tanja Hauschildt (born 28 December 1972) is a German former professional tennis player.
On 24 February 1992, Gustmane reached her best singles ranking of world number 207. On 22 March 1993, she peaked at world number 208 in the doubles rankings. Her only WTA Tour main-draw appearance came at the 1991 Croatian Lottery Cup Hauschildt, where she came through qualifying to make the main draw. She was defeated by Austrian Sandra Dopfer in straight sets in the first round.

## ITF finals

* $25,000 tournaments
* $10,000 tournaments

### Singles (0–1)

| Result | No. | Date | Tournament | Surface | Opponent | Score |
| Loss | 1. | 26 February 1990 | Wigan, United Kingdom | Hard | Agnès Zugasti | 6–1, 3–6, 3–6 |

### Doubles (2–1)

| Result | No. | Date | Tournament | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
| Win | 1. | 27 November 1989 | Budapest, Hungary | Carpet (i) | Agnese Gustmane | Alexandra Niepel Caroline Schneider | 6–3, 1–6, 6–1 |
| Win | 2. | 6 August 1990 | Paderborn, West Germany | Clay | Heike Thoms | Julia Apostoli Anna Mirza | 6–3, 6–1 |
| Loss | 1. | 10 September 1990 | Eastbourne, United Kingdom | Clay | Els Callens | Maria Lindström Heather Ludloff | 6–7$^{(6)}$, 1–6 |
# Mortal Kombat Arcade Kollection

Mortal Kombat Arcade Kollection is a 2011 video game co-developed by NetherRealm Studios, Other Ocean Interactive and Code Mystics and published by Warner Bros. Games. It is a compilation of three classic 2D fighting games in the Mortal Kombat series: Mortal Kombat (1992), Mortal Kombat II (1993) and Ultimate Mortal Kombat 3 (1995). The game was created after an ambitious previous incarnation, an HD remake project titled Mortal Kombat HD Arcade Kollection, was cancelled. Arcade Kollection was released as a downloadable title for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in August 2011, and for Microsoft Windows on February 1, 2012.

## Gameplay

The game is a compilation of the first three Mortal Kombat games. Along with a few very minor changes to them, it features online multiplayer, pause menus, achievements, also making unlockable characters always available in online mode.

## Development

The game was originally conceived as an HD remake of the early Mortal Kombat games, featuring remade character sprites, new backgrounds and new user interface system, before the scope of the project was changed. Known as Mortal Kombat HD Arcade Kollection, it was supposed to be made by Other Ocean Interactive, the studio that has created Ultimate Mortal Kombat for the Nintendo DS. This project was never even officially announced before it was canceled, and a simple compilation of original games was released instead, also created by Other Ocean.
Graphical assets, such as Zbrush models for the Animalities and Mileena's unmasked face were leaked by the artist Jeremy Kohar in 2013. Previously, more concept art from the project was revealed by the artist John Montenegro. In 2014, make-up artist Tanea Brooks released pictures of herself helping the new actors for Liu Kang, Kitana, Kung Lao, Shao Kahn, and Sonya Blade prepare for a shooting session for HD Kollection. Another attempt at re-editing the original trilogy in HD was made by Blind Squirrel Games, but was also cancelled before it came to be.

## Reception

Aggregate scores :
| Aggregator | Score |
| GameRankings | 61.53% (X360) 60.62% (PS3) |
| Metacritic | 62/100 (X360) 59/100 (PS3) |
The game received generally mixed or average reviews at release.
# United States Ambassador-at-Large for International Religious Freedom

The United States Ambassador-at-Large for International Religious Freedom is the ambassador-at-large who heads the Office of International Religious Freedom in the U.S. Department of State.
The position was created by the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998. The first ambassador at large was Bob Seiple who served from 1999 to 2001. He was succeeded by John Hanford who served from May 2002 until January 2009. Suzan Johnson Cook served in the role from May 2011 to October 2013. On July 28, 2014, President Barack Obama nominated Rabbi David Saperstein for the position. On December 15, 2014, the Senate confirmed him to the office, making him the first non-Christian to hold this post.
On July 26, 2017, the White House announced the nomination of Sam Brownback, then-Governor of Kansas to fill the vacancy in the office. Five months later, the Senate had yet to hold a confirmation vote, so per Senate rules, he was required to be nominated again in 2018 in order for a vote to be held. He was confirmed to the position on January 24, 2018, on a 49–49 vote of the Senate, with Vice President Mike Pence breaking the tie in favor of Brownback.

## Ambassadors-at-large

| # | Name | Appointment | Left office |
| 1 | Robert A. Seiple | 1999 | 2001 |
| 2 | John Hanford | 2002 | 2009 |
| 3 | Suzan Johnson Cook | 2011 | 2013 |
| 4 | David Saperstein | 2015 | 2017 |
| 5 | Sam Brownback | 2018 | 2021 |
| 6 | Rashad Hussain | 2022 | 2025 |
# Marszałki, Greater Poland Voivodeship

Marszałki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Grabów nad Prosną, within Ostrzeszów County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) south-west of Grabów nad Prosną, 10 km (6 mi) north-east of Ostrzeszów, and 132 km (82 mi) south-east of the regional capital Poznań.
The village has an approximate population of 700.
# Pandalam Bypass

Pandalam Bypass is a proposed road project by Kerala Infrastructure Investment Fund Board undertaking by Government of Kerala. The project set to be in Pandalam, Pathanamthitta, Kerala.
# Musa al-Qarni

Musa Al-Qarni (Arabic: موسى بن محمد بن يحيى القرني; 1954 – 12 October 2021) was a Saudi Arabian academic and lawyer. He was arrested at 2007 by Saudi authorities, and murdered while detention in Dhahban prison.

## Quotes

* "We don't agree with those who disavow this completely and say that the religion [of Islam] doesn't use the sword. No. Islam uses the sword when there is no other alternative. Therefore wisdom, as the religious authorities say, consists in utilizing each thing in its proper place. If there is need for the sword, then it is wise to use the sword, and if the occasion requires kind words and outreach, then it is wise to utilize them."
* "The terrorists are these Jews and Christians who implement these policies through the use of force, repression, and tyranny, and to this end make use of planes, tanks, and all manner of deadly weapons."
* "I think that fighting the Americans on the land of Iraq is jihad, that the Americans are aggressors, and that the [fighting] of Iraqis and Muslims against the Americans in Iraq constitutes a legitimate and obligatory defense. The Americans are the aggressors. "Those who came from Florida, from Washington, and so on - is Iraq their country? Is it their land? Is it their property? What brought them? How can we explain this? By any standard, this is aggression. "Nobody says that defense against aggression..."

## Views

He believed that fighting against aggression and tyranny, both from the Soviet Union and the United States, is a fundamental aspect of Islam.
He also advocated for a constitutional monarchy in Saudi Arabia, rather than absolute rule by the royal family.
and he opposed detention without trials and believed that all detainees should face public trials.
Moreover, he proposed numerous reforms to the king and the royal family, and he was a friend of Jamal Khashoggi.

## Detention and death

02 February 2007 - He was arrested among a group of academics and clerics known as “the Jeddah Reformers.”
22 November 2011 - He was sentenced by the Criminal Court to 20 years in prison followed by a travel ban of similar duration.
May 2018 - He suffered a stroke. The prison administration gave him the wrong medication before transferring him to a psychiatric hospital with the aim of damaging his intellectual reputation and giving the impression that he was mentally ill.
12 October 2021 - He was murdered in prison. He was beaten around the head and face with sharp objects, causing facial injuries and fractures to his skull that led to his death.
# Nicola Caricola

Nicola Caricola (born 13 February 1963) is an Italian former footballer who played as a sweeper.

## Career

At club level, Caricola played for Bari, Juventus, Genoa, and Torino in Italy. In 1995, he had an unsuccessful trial with English side Aston Villa. He finished out his career with the New York / New Jersey MetroStars of Major League Soccer, playing with them during the league's inaugural season in 1996. He retired in February 1997.(subscription required)
# Abu Yahia al-Hamawi

Mohannad al-Masri (Arabic: مهند المصري; born 1981), known by the alias Abu Yahia al-Hamawi, (Arabic: أبو يحيى الحموي; sometimes transliterated Abu Yahya al-Hamawi or Abu Yehya al-Hamawi) was the third leader of the Ahrar al-Sham during the Syrian Civil War. He served from 12 September 2015 until his term ended in November 2016.

## Biography

Al-Hamawi came from Qalaat al-Madiq, Hama, Syria. He trained as a civil engineer and studied at Tishreen University in Latakia. He was with Hadi Al Abdullah who was a journalist during the civil war. He was an activist and an inmate of the "Islamist wing" of the Syrian government’s main political prison in Sednaya from 2007 to 2011. An article in the Toronto Star described him as a "political prisoner". He was released in 2011, when the Syrian uprising began.
He later became leader of the Osama bin Zeid Company, a militia based around his hometown of Qalaat al-Madiq, and then rose through the ranks to become leader of Ahrar al-Sham in September 2015. According to Al-Monitor, the change is leadership is said to have made Ahrar Al-Sham "more palatable to the West" since al-Hamawi "is seen as someone who will fit the 'moderate Salafist' image Ahrar al-Sham wants to have". According to The Daily Beast, al-Hamawi claimed that "Ahrar al-Sham was mainstream and aligned with Western interests." In December 2015, al-Hamawi sent Labib al-Nahhas to Riyadh, Saudi Arabia in order to participate in the Saudi-led rebel conference that produced the High Negotiations Committee (HNC). Al-Hamawi has also falsely claimed that Al-Nusra had withdrawn from the Army of Conquest.
His term as leader could have been extended, but the Shura Council of Ahrar al-Sham appointed Ali al-Omar as leader in November 2016.
# Old Stock Jews

Old Stock Jews, also referred to as Old Immigrant Jews, are Jews who have been present in the United States for multiple generations.

## History

Unlike the term "Old Stock American", which denotes white Americans with roots stretching back to the colonial era, old stock Jews are a specific sub-group of American Jewry who arrived any time before the mass immigration of Eastern European Jews in the late 19th century and later. The vast majority of these Jews were Western Sephardim and Ashkenazim arriving from Holland, England, Germany, or other European colonies in the Americas.
Some of these early Jewish immigrants, specifically those from Germany, promoted a higher degree of assimilation into American culture, in contrast with later waves of Jewish immigrants. Groups like the anti-Zionist American Council for Judaism were led primarily by wealthy, assimilated German-Jews who claimed Jews were not a nation, but solely a religion. However, many old stock Jews vehemently opposed assimilation and the Reform movement, such as Rabbi Isaac Leeser and Rabbi Sabato Morais.
# Battle of Bamba

On April 6, 2020, jihadist militants from the al-Qaeda linked Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin (JNIM) attacked a secluded Malian military base in Bamba, killing dozens of Malian soldiers. A raid in retribution the following day killed JNIM leader Abu Yahya al-Jizari.

## Battle

Prior to the battle, residents of Bamba stated JNIM militants were riding around the town on motorbikes, and setting up positions in preparation for the attack. The attack was launched at 5:15am on April 6, with the fighters attacking an old inn that Malian troops were using as a military base. After destroying and seizing equipment from the base, the jihadists retreated. The attack was claimed four days later, on April 10, by JNIM.

## Casualties and aftermath

On the day of the attack, local elected officials stated that at least twenty Malian soldiers were killed in the attack. Both civilians and the elected officials stated that JNIM only targeted the Malian base, and no civilians were harmed. In the following days, after Malian operations to recover bodies and the captured weaponry, it was assessed that 25 Malian troops were killed and six wounded, with around a dozen JNIM fighters sustaining casualties during the battle. JNIM claimed in its statement admitting its involvement in the attack that around 30 Malian troops were killed.
In late April, it was reported that Abu Yahya al-Jizari, the leader of JNIM and commander in the battle at Bamba, succumbed to injuries sustained during combat in Bamba. He was later replaced by Talha al-Libi.
# Mary-Dell Chilton

Mary-Dell Chilton (born February 2, 1939, in Indianapolis, Indiana) is one of the founders of modern plant biotechnology.

## Early life and education

Chilton attended private school for her early education. She earned both a B.S. and Ph.D. in chemistry from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. She later completed postdoctoral work at the University of Washington at Seattle

## Career and research

Chilton taught and performed research at Washington University in St. Louis. While on faculty there in the late 1970s and early 1980s, she led a collaborative research study that produced the first transgenic plants.
Chilton was the first (1977) to demonstrate the presence of a fragment of Agrobacterium Ti plasmid DNA in the nuclear DNA of crown gall tissue. Her research on Agrobacterium also showed that the genes responsible for causing disease could be removed from the bacterium without adversely affecting its ability to insert its own DNA into plant cells and modify the plant's genome. Chilton described what she had done as disarming the bacterial plasmid responsible for the DNA transfer. She and her collaborators produced the first genetically modified plants using Agrobacterium carrying the disarmed Ti plasmid (1983). She has been called the "queen of Agrobacterium."
Chilton is author of more than 100 scientific publications. She is a Distinguished Science Fellow at Syngenta Biotechnology, Inc. She began her corporate career in 1983 with CIBA-Geigy Corporation (a legacy company of Syngenta).

## Awards and honors

For her work with Agrobacterium tumefaciens, she has been recognized with an honorary doctorate from the University of Louvaine, the John Scott Medal from the City of Philadelphia, membership in the United States National Academy of Sciences, and the Benjamin Franklin Medal in Life Sciences from the Franklin Institute.
She was honored by the Crop Science Society of America in 2011 with the organization's Presidential Award.
In honor of her many achievements, in 2002 Syngenta announced creation of the Mary-Dell Chilton Center – a new administrative and conference center which was added to the company's facility in Research Triangle Park, in North Carolina.
In June 2013, she was named a laureate of the prestigious 2013 World Food Prize.
In 2015, Chilton was elected to the National Inventors Hall of Fame. In 2020, she was one of eight women featured in "The Only One in the Room" display at the Smithsonian National Museum of American History.
Chilton has been recognized as a Pioneer Member of the American Society of Plant Biologists.
The National Medal of Technology and Innovation was awarded to Chilton by President Biden in 2023.