OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Public health law

Public health law examines the authority of the government at various jurisdictional levels to improve public health, the health of the general population within societal limits and norms. Public health law focuses on the duties of the government to achieve these goals, limits on that power, and the population perspective.
Public health law also focuses on legal issues in public health practice and on the public health effects of legal practice.

## Police power

Police power can be defined as the inherent power of a government to exercise reasonable control over persons and property within its jurisdiction in the interest of the general security, health, safety, morals, and welfare except where legally prohibited. These areas perpetuate are employed by governmental agencies. Bioterrorism is a growing focus of this practice area in some jurisdictions; for example, public health lawyers in the United States have worked in the creation of the Model State Emergency Health Powers Act and the Model State Public Health Act.

## Disease and injury prevention

This broader area of public health law applies legal tools to public health problems associated with disease and injury. Practitioners apply legislation, regulation, litigation (private enforcement), and international law to public health problems using the law as an instrument of public health. Litigation against tobacco companies in the United States provides an excellent example.

## Public health and individual rights

Some research suggests a tension in public health law regarding institutions' duties to protect public health and their duties to protect individual freedom: the best predictor of support for common public health recommendations such as hand-washing, mask-wearing, and staying at home (to avoid the spread of disease) were people's beliefs that we should prevent great harm when doing so doesn't cause greater harm, but the best predictor of flouting these public health recommendation was people's preferences for liberty over equality. This suggests that public health policymakers may face a dilemma between being perceived as not protecting public health or as not protecting individual liberty. So securing support for public health laws will require a careful appeal to each of these seemingly competing concerns.

## Footnotes

* 1 2 Ogalthorpe), Gostin, Lawrence O. (Lawrence (2016-02-02). Public health law : power, duty, restraint. Wiley, Lindsay F., 1977- (Third ed.). Oakland, California. ISBN 9780520958586. OCLC 910309614.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
* ↑ Byrd, Nick; Białek, Michał (2021). "Your health vs. my liberty: Philosophical beliefs dominated reflection and identifiable victim effects when predicting public health recommendation compliance during the COVID-19 pandemic". Cognition. 212: 104649. doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2021.104649. PMC 8599940. PMID 33756152.
# Qunfang station

Qunfang station (Chinese: 群芳站) is a subway station on the Line 7 of the Beijing Subway.

## History

The station was formerly called Xiaomazhuang station. In May 2019, the Beijing Municipal Commission of Planning and Natural Resources proposed a naming plan for the stations of the eastern extension of Line 7, and they planned to name it Qun Fang station. On November 20, 2019, the station was officially named Qun Fang station. The station opened on December 28, 2019.

## Station layout

The station has an underground island platform.

## Exits

There are 4 exits, lettered A, B, C, and D. Exits A and C are accessible.
# Valentin Shashin

Valentin Shashin (Russian: Валентин Шашин; 1916–1977) was a Soviet engineer who served as the minister of oil industry for more than a decade, 1965–1977.

## Biography

Shashin was born in Baku in 1916. He was first educated at the Oil and Gas Training College. He graduated from Moscow Oil Institute in 1943 obtaining a degree in oil and gas engineering. While attending the Institute Shashin participated in the defense of Moscow against Nazi Germany. From 1947 to 1953 he worked as a chief engineer in various gas fields in Bashkiria. Next he headed a state-run oil company, Tatneft, between 1960 and 1965. Shashin was appointed minister of oil producing industry in 1965 when the ministry was established. In the 1970s the ministry was renamed as ministry of oil industry.
Shashin died in March 1977 while serving as the minister of oil industry. He was succeeded by Nikolai A. Maltsev, who was appointed to the post in April 1977.
# Arboretum du Puy Chabrol

45°40′12″N 2°01′30″E﻿ / ﻿45.67°N 2.025°E﻿ / 45.67; 2.025 The Arboretum du Puy Chabrol (38 hectares) is an arboretum located near the community of Barsanges, northwest of Meymac, Corrèze, Limousin, France. The arboretum was created between World War I and World War II by Marius Vazeilles (1881-1973), a naturalist and forestry expert. It contains approximately 400 exotic species.
# Life Upside Down

Life Upside Down is a 2022 American romantic comedy film directed and written by Cecilia Miniucchi. It stars Bob Odenkirk, Danny Huston, Radha Mitchell and Rosie Fellner.
Shot remotely during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, the film premiered at the 79th Venice Film Festival on September 1, 2022. It was released in limited theaters and video on demand on January 27, 2023. It began streaming on AMC+ in April 2023.

## Premise

In March 2020, during the COVID-19 lockdowns three couples are uprooted from their high-society lives. They are now trapped in their individual Los Angeles homes and are forced to spend all day and night with their significant other.

## Cast

* Danny Huston as Paul Hasselberg
* Radha Mitchell as Clarissa Cranes
* Bob Odenkirk as Jonathan Wigglesworth
* Rosie Fellner as Rita Hasselberg

## Production

Under the working title Worlds Apart, the film was shot during the COVID-19 pandemic remotely over Zoom in May and June 2020 in Los Angeles.

## Release

Life Upside Down premiered at the 79th Venice Film Festival on September 1, 2021. IFC Films acquired North American distribution rights and released the film in limited theaters and video on demand on January 27, 2023. It began streaming on AMC+ in April 2023.
In its opening weekend it grossed $2,419 at 27 theaters. It went on to make a total of $4,467 in the United States and Canada.

## Reception

On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, 5% of 19 critics' reviews are positive, with an average rating of 4.4/10. Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the film a score of 37 out of 100, based on eight critics, indicating "generally unfavorable" reviews.
# Garay alphabet

The Garay alphabet was designed in 1961, as a transcription system "[marrying] African sociolinguistic characteristics" according to its inventor, Assane Faye. This alphabet has 25 consonants and 14 vowels. It is used in particular for the writing of the Wolof language, spoken mostly in Senegal, although that language is more often written in the Latin alphabet and to a lesser extent in the Arabic (Wolofal) alphabet. It is written from right to left, and distinguishes letter case.

## Letters
### Consonants

The consonants are written as standalone letters and are not joined as in Arabic.
There is a mark above some letters to show pre-nasalization. The letter labeled alif is used like its counterpart in Arabic, coming before an initial vowel. Extra to the standard Wolof set is /ħ/, available for Arabic loan words. Lacking is /q/, but /k/ may suffice for that. Also lacking is /nk/, but that may easily be formed with a mark above, like /mb/ etc.
In Garay, uppercase letters are distinguished from lowercase letters by a swash added to one side or the other of the letter. Each sentence begins with a capital letter. Personal names are likewise capitalized.
| Nasals |
| IPA | m ⟨m⟩ | n ⟨n⟩ | ɲ ⟨ñ⟩ | ŋ ⟨ŋ⟩ |
| Lowercase | | | | |
| Uppercase | | | | |
| Prenasalized plosives |
| IPA | mb ⟨mb⟩ | nd ⟨nd⟩ | ɲɟ ⟨nj⟩ | ŋɡ ⟨ng⟩ |
| Lowercase | | | | |
| Uppercase | | | | |
| Voiced plosives |
| IPA | b ⟨b⟩ | d ⟨d⟩ | ɟ ⟨j⟩ | ɡ ⟨g⟩ |
| Lowercase | | | | |
| Uppercase | | | | |
| Voiceless plosives |
| IPA | p ⟨p⟩ | t ⟨t⟩ | c ⟨c⟩ | k ⟨k⟩ |
| Lowercase | | | | |
| Uppercase | | | | |
| Fricatives |
| IPA | f ⟨f⟩ | s ⟨s⟩ | x~χ ⟨x⟩ | ħ ⟨h⟩ |
| Lowercase | | | | |
| Uppercase | | | | |
| Liquids and semivowels |
| IPA | r ⟨r⟩ | w ⟨w⟩ | l ⟨l⟩ | j ⟨y⟩ |
| Lowercase | | | | |
| Uppercase | | | | |
| Misc. |
| | Alif | | | |
| Lowercase | | | | |
| Uppercase | | | | |

### Vowels

| a ⟨a⟩ | i ⟨i⟩ | ɛ ⟨e⟩ | ɔ ⟨o⟩ |
| ə ⟨ë⟩ | ü | e ⟨é⟩ | u ⟨u⟩ |

### Numbers
## Unicode

The Garay alphabet was added to the Unicode Standard in September 2024 with the release of version 16.0.
The Unicode block for Garay is U+10D40–U+10D8F:
Garay Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF) :
| | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F |
| U+10D4x | 𐵀 | 𐵁 | 𐵂 | 𐵃 | 𐵄 | 𐵅 | 𐵆 | 𐵇 | 𐵈 | 𐵉 | 𐵊 | 𐵋 | 𐵌 | 𐵍 | 𐵎 | 𐵏 |
| U+10D5x | 𐵐 | 𐵑 | 𐵒 | 𐵓 | 𐵔 | 𐵕 | 𐵖 | 𐵗 | 𐵘 | 𐵙 | 𐵚 | 𐵛 | 𐵜 | 𐵝 | 𐵞 | 𐵟 |
| U+10D6x | 𐵠 | 𐵡 | 𐵢 | 𐵣 | 𐵤 | 𐵥 | | | | 𐵩 | 𐵪 | 𐵫 | 𐵬 | 𐵭 | 𐵮 | 𐵯 |
| U+10D7x | 𐵰 | 𐵱 | 𐵲 | 𐵳 | 𐵴 | 𐵵 | 𐵶 | 𐵷 | 𐵸 | 𐵹 | 𐵺 | 𐵻 | 𐵼 | 𐵽 | 𐵾 | 𐵿 |
| U+10D8x | 𐶀 | 𐶁 | 𐶂 | 𐶃 | 𐶄 | 𐶅 | | | | | | | | | 𐶎 | 𐶏 |
| Notes 1.^ As of Unicode version 16.0 2.^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points |||||||||||||||||
# Crown Colony of Malacca

Malacca was a British Crown colony from 1946 to 1957. It came under British sovereignty after the signing of the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824, and had been part of the Straits Settlements until 1946.
During World War II, it was occupied by the Japanese from 1942 to 1945. Following the disbandment of the Straits Settlements in the aftermath of World War II, Penang and Malacca evolved into Crown colonies within the Federation of Malaya, while Singapore transformed into an individual Crown colony distinct from Malaya. In 1955, Tunku Abdul Rahman held a meeting with the British to discuss the end of British rule in Malacca with a merger with Malayan Union (which was then replaced by Federation of Malaya). On 31 August 1957, when Malaya achieved its independence from the United Kingdom, Malacca was integrated as part of the federation, which later known as Malaysia when it merged with another territories in British Borneo.

## Resident Commissioners

* Sep 1945 – 31 Mar 1946, James Calder (acting)
* 1946 – Nov 1947, Edward Victor Grace Day
* 24 Nov 1947 – 7 Mar 1949, John Falconer
* 1949, William Cecil Taylor
* 25 Oct 1949 – 1954, George Evans Cameron Wisdom
* 20 Dec 1950 – 9 Jan 1951, Jonathan Edgar Meredith Cave, acting for Wisdom
* 20 Dec 1951 – 6 Jan 1952, Jonathan Edgar Meredith Cave, acting for Wisdom
* 18 Apr 1952 – 21 Oct 1952, Harold George Hammett
* 21 Apr 1954 – 31 Aug 1957, Harold George Hammett
* 28 Aug 1954 – 15 Sep 1954, Fulwar Rupert Caven Fowle, acting for Hammett
* 25 Sep 1956 – Feb 1957, Maurice John Hayward, acting for Hammett
* 1957, Albert William Nicholson
# Lucy Gannon

Lucy Gannon, MBE (born 1948) is a British playwright, television writer, and producer. She is best known for creating series such as Soldier Soldier, Bramwell, and Peak Practice.

## Early life

Gannon was born to a military father. Gannon once worked as a military policewoman, a residential social worker, and a nurse, and lived in a concrete council house with no central heating. Her late husband George worked as an engineer. She later moved to a converted barn in Derbyshire and now lives near Cardigan, in Wales.

## Career

Gannon's career started, in 1987, when she entered the Richard Burton Award for New Playwrights. Her play, Keeping Tom Nice, about a disabled boy whose father commits suicide, earned her the award and a six-month writer-in-residence at the Royal Shakespeare Company. In 1988 Keeping Tom Nice was shown at the Almeida Theatre in London, and in 1989 shown as a BBC TV Screenplay starring Linus Roache.
As well as creating longer series, including Peak Practice, Gannon has written several single or short run dramas for television, including Dad, Tender Loving Care, Trip Trap, The Gift, Big Cat, Pure Wickedness and The Children. In 2012 Gannon wrote the one-off BBC Two drama The Best of Men which told the story of the first Paralympic Games and starred Eddie Marsan and Rob Brydon. She was the lead writer and creator of the 2013 BBC One drama series Frankie.
In 2008 Gannon criticized the BBC, saying that delays in commissioning programmes threaten writers and producers.
In 2020, Gannon published her memoir, The Amazingly Astonishing Story. It was shortlisted for Wales Book of the Year 2021. In 2022, Gannon published a writing guide, Do Drama: How to stop watching TV drama. And start writing it..

## Awards

In 1996, Gannon was awarded the MBE for services to Drama, and among her awards are The Eileen Anderson Award, The Richard Burton Drama Award, the 1989-90 Susan Smith Blackburn Prize., The BAFTA Cymru, the Contribution To The Media Award (Women in Film and Television) and, most recently, the RTS Award (South West England) for Best Writer for The Best Of Men.
# Carp River (Marquette County)

Carp River is a 21.9-mile-long (35.2 km) river in Marquette County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The Carp River is formed by the outflow of Deer Lake in Ishpeming Township north of Ishpeming at 46°31′58″N 87°40′01″W﻿ / ﻿46.53278°N 87.66694°W﻿ / 46.53278; -87.66694﻿ (Carp River (source)) in the Upper Peninsula.
The river flows generally east, emptying into Marquette Bay of Lake Superior at 46°31′07″N 87°23′02″W﻿ / ﻿46.51861°N 87.38389°W﻿ / 46.51861; -87.38389﻿ (Carp River (mouth)) near the Marquette Branch Prison on the south side of the city of Marquette.

## Tributaries and features

From the mouth:
* (right) Morgan Creek (also known as Gordons Creek and Little Carp River)
** Morgan Falls
** Lower Carp River Fall
** Morgan Pond
* Carp River Lake
* (left) Mud Lake (also known as Beaver Creek Meadow and Beaver Meadow)
* Upper Carp River Falls
* (right) Picket Lake
* (right) Nealy Creek
* Deer Lake
** Gold Mine Creek
*** North Lake
** Cooper Creek
*** Cooper Lake
* Carp Creek
** (left) Larson Creek

## Drainage basin

The drainage basin of the Carp River includes portions of the following:
* In Marquette County:
** Ely Township
** City of Ishpeming
** Ishpeming Township
** City of Marquette
** Marquette Township
** City of Negaunee
** Negaunee Township
** Sands Township
** Tilden Township
Fish Brook Trout
# AGO C.VII

The AGO C.VII was a prototype German reconnaissance aircraft of World War I.

## Design

In the C.VII, AGO attempted to improve upon its C.IV design by revising the wing bracing. The vertical fin and rudder were similar to that seen on the AGO C.V and AGO C.VI.

## Operational history

After the end of World War I, the sole C.VII prototype was sold the Estonian Air Force.

## Operators

* Estonian Air Force

## Specifications

* Powerplant: one 200 hp Benz Bz.IV inline engine
# Alex McCalister

Alex McCalister (born October 17, 1993) is an American professional football linebacker. He played college football as a defensive end at the University of Florida from 2012 to 2015. He was selected in the seventh round of the 2016 NFL draft by the Philadelphia Eagles.

## College career

It was reported that McCalister was dismissed from the Florida Gators football team prior to the 2016 Citrus Bowl against Michigan; however, McCallister in reality never was dismissed and instead was merely injured. He declared for the 2016 NFL draft as an early entrant.

## Professional career

Pre-draft measurables :
| Height | Weight | Arm length | Hand span | 40-yard dash | 10-yard split | 20-yard split | 20-yard shuttle | Three-cone drill | Vertical jump | Broad jump |
| 6 ft 6+1⁄8 in (1.98 m) | 239 lb (108 kg) | 36 in (0.91 m) | 9+3⁄8 in (0.24 m) | 4.80 s | 1.68 s | 2.78 s | 4.00 s | 7.01 s | 34.5 in (0.88 m) | 10 ft 8 in (3.25 m) |
| All values from NFL Combine |||||||||||

### Philadelphia Eagles

McCalister was selected by the Philadelphia Eagles in the seventh round, 240th overall, of the 2016 NFL draft. On August 28, 2016, the Eagles placed McCalister on injured reserve with a calf strain.
On September 2, 2017, McCalister was waived by the Eagles. He was re-signed to the practice squad on October 10, 2017. He was released by the team on October 24, 2017.

### Washington Redskins

McCalister was signed to the Washington Redskins' practice squad on December 12, 2017. He signed a reserve/future contract with the Redskins on January 1, 2018, but was waived on August 6.

### Winnipeg Blue Bombers

McCalister signed with the Winnipeg Blue Bombers of the Canadian Football League (CFL) on February 15, 2019, but was released during final roster cuts on June 9. He was re-signed to the team's active roster on August 20. He was released on June 1, 2021.

### BC Lions

On December 15, 2022, McCalister signed with the BC Lions of the CFL. On May 31, 2023, McCalister was released by the Lions.
# Ernest Dalton

Ernest Alfred Dalton (17 August 1885 – 12 April 1963) was a Canadian fencer. He competed at the 1932 and 1936 Summer Olympics.
# Hong Kong Museum of History

The Hong Kong Museum of History is a public museum that preserves Hong Kong's historical and cultural heritage. It is located next to the Hong Kong Science Museum, in Tsim Sha Tsui East, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
The collections of the museum encompass natural history, archaeology, ethnography and local history.

## History

The museum was established by the Urban Council in July 1975 when the City Museum and Art Gallery was split into the Hong Kong Museum of History and Hong Kong Museum of Art; some of the Museum of History's collections were on display at the City Museum and Art Gallery's original 1962 location at the City Hall.
From 1975 to 1983, the Hong Kong Museum of History was housed in a 700 m$^2$ (7,500 sq ft) rented space within Star House. In 1983, the Museum was moved to a temporary location (which now houses Hong Kong Heritage Discovery Centre) in Kowloon Park. It was moved to its present premises near Hong Kong Science Museum on Chatham Road South, Tsim Sha Tsui in 1998. It is currently managed by the Leisure and Cultural Services Department of Hong Kong Government.

## The Hong Kong Story

The Hong Kong Story permanent exhibition was a showcase of the history and development of Hong Kong. Occupying an area of 7,000 m$^2$ (75,000 sq ft), The Hong Kong Story comprised eight galleries located on two floors. Through the display of over 4,000 exhibits with the use of 750 graphic panels, a number of dioramas and multi-media programmes, and enhanced with special audio-visual and lighting effects, The Hong Kong Story outlined the natural environment, folk culture, and historical development of Hong Kong. The exhibition started from the Devonian period 400 million years ago and concluded with the Handover of Hong Kong in 1997. The museum exhibited prehistoric fossils, colonial documents from the 19th Century and Ancient Chinese pottery.
The permanent exhibit is now closed. Museum visitors can instead browse exhibits about the Chinese Communist Party and the Hong Kong national security law.

## Branch museums

The museum runs five branch museums: Hong Kong Museum of Coastal Defence at Shau Kei Wan, Lei Cheng Uk Han Tomb Museum at Sham Shui Po, and Law Uk Folk Museum at Chai Wan, Fireboat Alexander Grantham Exhibition Gallery inside the Quarry Bay Park and Dr. Sun Yat-sen Museum at Mid-Levels in Central.

## Public transport

The museum is accessible within walking distance West from Hung Hom station or north from East Tsim Sha Tsui station of MTR.
# Hiram Braxton House

Hiram Braxton House is a historic house located near Snow Camp, Alamance County, North Carolina.

## Description and history

The original one-story V-notched log house was built about 1865. A side frame addition was built in 1884. The house has a standing seam metal roof and sits on a rock pier foundation.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 22, 1993.
# Colwyn, Pennsylvania

Colwyn is a borough in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 2,546 at the 2010 census.

## Geography

Colwyn is located along the eastern border of Delaware County at 39°54′47″N 75°15′12″W﻿ / ﻿39.91306°N 75.25333°W﻿ / 39.91306; -75.25333 (39.913062, -75.253409), where Darby Creek and Cobbs Creek intersect. It is bordered to the north by the borough of Darby, to the west by Sharon Hill, to the south by Darby Township, and to the east by Philadelphia.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the borough has a total area of 0.26 square miles (0.67 km$^2$), all land.

## Transportation

As of 2008, there were 3.96 miles (6.37 km) of public roads in Colwyn, all of which were maintained by the borough.
No numbered highways serve Colwyn directly. Fourth Street is the longest street within borough limits.
The Darby station on the SEPTA Wilmington/Newark Line is on Pine Street in Darby, just west of the Colwyn border.

## Demographics

As of 2010 census, the racial makeup of the borough was 15.9% White, 80.1% African American, 0.7% Asian, 0.6% from other races, and 2.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.6% of the population. 25.7% of the borough's population was foreign-born, mostly African-born.

## Budgetary disarray

The borough government is in financial difficulty. In May 2015, it was declared to be "financially distressed" by the state. With an annual budget of about two million dollars, the borough is more than one million dollars in debt.
The local district attorney has seized financial records, although at least some from 2011, 2012, and 2013 cannot be accounted for.
The local tax rate is very high; press reports indicate it to be five times higher than in richer regional towns. No new buildings have been built in Colwyn since 2007.

## Education

William Penn School District serves Colwyn. The district was created in 1972; prior to that year, Colwyn was in the Darby-Colwyn School District.
* Colwyn Elementary School (K-6)
* Penn Wood Middle School (7-8) (Darby)
* Penn Wood High School, Cypress Street Campus (9-10) (Yeadon)
* Penn Wood High School, Green Ave Campus (11-12) (Lansdowne)
* Borough Hall
* New Life Baptist Church

## Notable person

* Alice Neel, visual artist
* Robert Becker, Entertainment Producer
# Olya Ovtchinnikova

Olya Ovtchinnikova (born February 6, 1987) is a Canadian fencer. Ovtchinnikova started fencing for recreation in Moscow, Russia, where she participated in local competitions. In 2000, her family moved to Toronto, Ontario, Canada, where she began to train more seriously. She speaks both Russian and English.
She competed in the individual and team sabre events at the 2008 Summer Olympics, but did not win a medal. She was a member of the Canadian team that finished in seventh place.
# Elfriede Blauensteiner

Elfriede Martha Blauensteiner (22 January 1931 – 16 November 2003), dubbed The Black Widow, was an Austrian serial killer who murdered at least three victims by poison. In each case, she inherited the victim's possessions.

## Crimes

On 7 March 1997, Blauensteiner was found guilty of murdering 77-year-old Alois Pichler and sentenced to life imprisonment. Her former lawyer Harald Schmidt was jailed for seven years for being an accomplice to grievous bodily harm and for forging the will of Alois Pichler. She was a gambling addict, and it is believed that she would deliberately date rich elderly men and poison them before gambling away the money which had been left to her in their fabricated wills. Four years later, she was found guilty of murdering her 64-year-old husband Friedrick Doecker and 84-year-old female neighbour Franziska Koeberl. Although she was only convicted of a total of three murders, Austrian police believe that she may have murdered at least 10 people. Koeberl is believed to have been her only female victim.
After serving less than seven years of her life sentence, Blauensteiner died from a brain tumour on 18 November 2003, in a Vienna hospital. She was cremated at Feuerhalle Simmering, where her ashes were also buried.