# Peter R. Orszag

Peter Richard Orszag (born December 16, 1968) is an American business executive and former government official. He is the chief executive officer (CEO) and chairman of Lazard. Announced as Lazard’s incoming CEO on May 26, 2023, he assumed the role on October 1, 2023, also joining the board.
Prior to becoming Lazard CEO, Orszag was CEO of Lazard's Financial Advisory from April 2019 to September 2023. He was previously Head of North American Mergers & Acquisitions and Global Co-Head of Healthcare from July 2018 to June 2019. Orszag joined Lazard as Vice Chairman of Investment Banking in May 2016.
Prior to Lazard, Orszag was a Vice Chairman of Corporate and Investment Banking and Chairman of the Financial Strategy and Solutions Group at Citigroup. Prior to that, he was the 37th Director of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) under President Barack Obama and had also been the Director of the Congressional Budget Office (CBO).
Orszag is a member of the National Academy of Medicine of the National Academies of Sciences. He is on the Boards of Directors of the Peterson Institute for International Economics, the Mount Sinai Hospital, and New Visions for Public Schools in New York. He has also been on the board of the Russell Sage Foundation.

## Early life

Orszag grew up in Lexington, Massachusetts, the son of Reba (née Karp) and Steven Orszag. His paternal great-grandparents were Jewish immigrants from Hungary who immigrated to New York City in 1903. His father, Steven Orszag, was a math professor at Yale University and his mother was the president and owner of a research and development company. His brother is Jonathan Orszag, the Senior Managing Director of Compass Lexecon, LLC.
After graduating from Phillips Exeter Academy with high honors (1987), Orszag earned an A.B. summa cum laude in economics from Princeton University in 1991 after completing an 80-page long senior thesis titled "Congressional Oversight of the Federal Reserve: Empirical and Theoretical Perspectives." He then received a M.Sc. (1992) and a Ph.D. (1997) in economics from the London School of Economics. His doctoral thesis was titled "Dynamic analysis of regime shifts under uncertainty: Applications to hyperinflation and privatization". He was a Marshall Scholar 1991–1992, and is a member of Phi Beta Kappa.

## Career
### Early years

Orszag became a lecturer at the University of California, Berkeley, and taught macroeconomics in 1999 and 2000. He then became a senior fellow and Deputy Director of Economic Studies at the Brookings Institution. In 2006 he co-founded and directed The Hamilton Project and was its first director. He was also director of the Pew Charitable Trust's Retirement Security Project.
He was Special Assistant to the President for Economic Policy (1997–1998), and as Senior Economist and Senior Adviser on the Council of Economic Advisers (1995–1996) during the Clinton administration. After leaving the Clinton White House, he formed a consulting group called Sebago Associates, which merged into Competition Policy Associates and was bought by FTI Consulting Inc. for a reported $70 million in 2005. He has been a columnist at Bloomberg Opinion.

### Congressional Budget Office (2007-2008)

Orszag was director of the Congressional Budget Office from January 2007 to November 2008. During his tenure, he repeatedly drew attention to the role rising health care expenditures were likely to play in the government's long-term fiscal problems—and, by extension, the nation's long-term economic problems. "I have not viewed CBO's job as just to passively evaluate what Congress proposes, but rather to be an analytical resource. And part of that is to highlight things that are true and that people may not want to hear, including that we need to address health-care costs." During his time at the CBO, he added 20 full-time health analysts (bringing the total number to 50), thereby strengthening the CBO's analytical capabilities and preparing Congress for health-care reform.
He was widely praised for his time at CBO for preparing the agency for the debates to come. When he stepped down, National Journal noted that
    Orszag, who will turn 40 on Dec. 16, has been praised by lawmakers from both parties as an objective analyst with deep knowledge of the most pressing fiscal issues of the day, including health care policy, Social Security, pensions, and global climate change. He is the unusual economist who blends an understanding of politics, policy and communications in ways that wrap zesty quotes around complex ideas.

### Office of Management and Budget (2008-2011)

On November 25, 2008, President-elect Barack Obama announced that Orszag would be his nominee for director of the Office of Management and Budget, the arm of the White House responsible for crafting the federal budget and overseeing the effectiveness of federal programs.
Orszag, in a November 2009 speech in New York, said that the national deficits, which were expected to add $9 trillion to the existing national debt of $12 trillion over the next decade, were "serious and ultimately unsustainable." He said that deficit spending was necessary to help boost the economy when unemployment is hovering around 10 percent. But he said that red ink must be stopped as the economy recovers. During a recovery, private investment will again pick up and compete with the federal government for capital. In 2011, he was described by New York Magazine as a "deficit hawk and clashed with Larry Summers, who wasn’t as focused on the long-term debt crisis." He was invited to attend the Bilderberg Group conferences in 2010, 2011 and 2012. He was also a Distinguished Visiting Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations and a contributing columnist for the New York Times op-ed page.
In July 2010 Orszag said that "The problem now is weak growth and high unemployment rather than outright economic collapse". Still, the deficit would be equivalent to 10 percent of the gross domestic product, the highest level since World War II. The Office of Management and Budget's mid-session review, forecast a smaller deficit and stronger economic growth than the administration's initial budget release. The deficit forecast in 2011 increased to $1.42 trillion, up from the $1.27 estimate in February. For 2012, the deficit estimate rose to $922 billion, up from $828 billion in the previous report. The annual budget shortfall would bottom out in 2017 at $721 billion, or 3.4 percent of GDP, and begin rising again in following years.
A review of Orszag's daily schedules showed focus on healthcare reform as soon as he joined Obama's Cabinet. The daily schedules for Orszag, who left his position as OMB director in July 2010, reveal that he and key White House aides regularly met to discuss healthcare starting in January 2009, within days of Obama entering office. Orszag also had meetings with insurance executives and health experts as the White House made health reform its top legislative priority after enacting the $814 billion stimulus from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009.
When Orszag resigned, the Progressive Policy Institute summed up his time in office: "For an administration numbers-cruncher, he was unusually visible, which was a good thing. With a reputation for impartiality and brilliance, Orszag gave the administration's agenda analytical ballast. There will no doubt be efforts on the right to brush Orszag with the red ink that the administration finds itself swimming in, but that's politics as usual. Inheriting the worst economy since the 1930s, Orszag presided over the Herculean task of preventing a complete meltdown and setting the foundation for a recovery. In many ways, he's a reflection of the administration at its best: a rigorous, pragmatic empiricist."

### Citigroup (2011-2016)

After leaving the Obama administration, Orszag took a job with Citigroup in 2011. A 2011 article in New York Magazine suggested Citi's hiring of Orszag "signaled that Citi would be invested in the intellectual marketplace," and that "just about anyone will take the call of a former White House budget director." Orszag held two jobs at Citigroup: Vice Chairman of Corporate and Investment Banking and Chairman of the Financial Strategy and Solutions Group. According to New York Magazine in 2011, "for an ambitious economist like Peter Orszag, going to work for Citigroup represented a choice. As a young staffer working in the Clinton White House, he saw laid before him two different paths: Stiglitzism and Rubinism. There were both intellectual and career-arc components to these. While both are liberal Democrats, Rubin was the consummate insider, whose philosophy was that the free markets, balanced budgets, and limited regulation would create a rising tide that would lift all boats (or at least make Wall Street not complain too much about Clinton's social programs). Stiglitz, the public intellectual, is as concerned with the boats as with the tide. Orszag certainly had a lot in common with Stiglitz's academic mien, having grown up in an intensely intellectual family in Lexington, Massachusetts, outside Boston. His father was the celebrated Yale math professor Steven Orszag. But Orszag possessed an ambition that would take him beyond the ivory tower. He ultimately chose Rubinism. It makes perfect sense that Orszag would have been drawn toward Rubin. It must have been incredibly seductive seeing this world, watching the Rubin wing of the Democratic Party move so easily from government to Wall Street boardrooms to the table with Charlie Rose." While remaining Citigroup's Vice Chair of Corporate and Investment Banking as well as Chairman of Citigroup's Financial Strategy and Solutions Group, in 2015, he rejoined the Brookings Institution as a non-resident senior fellow of the Economic Studies program.

### Lazard (2016-present)

In May 2016, Orszag joined Lazard as Vice Chairman of Investment Banking and Managing Director. He was named Global Co-Head of Healthcare in July 2018, and subsequently Head of North American M&A. Before June 2019, he was the firm's Head of North American M&A and Global Co-Head of Healthcare. Orszag took over as CEO of Lazard's Financial Advisory in April 2019, overseeing the firm's advisory work for corporations and governments. He created Lazard Geopolitical Advisory in 2022 while CEO of Lazard's Financial Advisory. Also while in the role, he expanded data analytics and AI for the firm's banking and asset management businesses.
After he was announced as the future CEO of Lazard in early 2023, in September 2023, Orszag said his aim as CEO would include doubling Lazard’s revenue by 2030. Orszag assumed the position of Lazard CEO on October 1, 2023. He announced plans in late 2023 to expand Lazard's managing directors by ten per year. He recruited former PayPal CEO Dan Schulman to the Lazard board in January 2024, when he also oversaw the board appointment of former Ernst & Young chairman Stephen R. Howe Jr. In mid 2024, Bloomberg reported that Orszag was eyeing the acquisition of firms particularly in the fields of private credit, infrastructure, and real estate. Effective January 1, 2025, his role expanded to serve as both CEO and chairman.

## Personal life

Orszag's first wife was Cameron Rachel Hamill. They had two children before divorcing. In 2009, he fathered a child with his former girlfriend, Claire Milonas, daughter of shipping magnate Spiros Milonas. In 2010, Orszag married Bianna Golodryga, then co-host of ABC's GMA Weekend. They have a son and a daughter. Orszag is Jewish. In 2014, a judge ruled in Orszag's favor in a child support case brought by his first wife.