OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Beijing–Chengde railway

The Beijing–Chengde railway or Jingcheng railway (simplified Chinese: 京承铁路; traditional Chinese: 京承鐵路; pinyin: jīngchéng tiělù), is a railroad in northern China between Beijing, the national capital, and Chengde in Hebei Province. The line is 256 km (159 mi) long and runs northwest from Beijing Municipality to Chengde in northern Hebei.

## Route & history

The Jingcheng line from Dongbianmen to Huairou, 65.86 km (41 mi) in length was built in 1938 during the Japanese occupation of Beiping. The remaining 169 km (105 mi) from Huairou to Shangbancheng was built from 1955 to 1959. The line emerges north of the Great Wall at Chengzilu and then proceeds to Xinglong County and Yingshouyingzi before reaching Shangbancheng, where the line joins the Jinzhou–Chengde railway to Chengde.
The Beijing to Chengde section of the Beijing–Shenyang high-speed railway, opened in 2021, takes a similar but more direct and faster route between Beijing and Chengde.

## Rail connections

* Beijing railway station: Beijing–Shanghai railway, Beijing–Harbin railway, Beijing–Baotou railway
* Beijing East railway station: Beijing–Harbin railway, Beijing–Baotou railway
* Gaogezhuang: Datong–Qinhuangdao railway
* Huairou: Beijing–Tongliao railway
* Shangbancheng: Jinzhou–Chengde railway
* Chengde: Chengde–Longhua railway
# Gabriel Melconian Alvez

Jose Gabriel Melconian Alvez (born July 7, 1987) is an Olympic freestyler swimmer from Uruguay, with Armenian background.
Melconian competed at the 2011 Pan American Games in the Men's 50 metre freestyle, Men's 100 metre freestyle and at the Men's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay, finishing 9th, 12th and 5th respectively.
At the 2012 Summer Olympics, he competed in the Men's 100 metre freestyle, finishing in 35th place overall in the heats, failing to qualify for the semifinals.
His brother Martin Melconian is also a swimmer.
# Gadzhi Umarov

Gadzhi Umarov (born 6 May 1985 in Buynaksk) is a Russian taekwondo practitioner. He competed in the +80 kg event at the 2012 Summer Olympics; he was eliminated by Canada's François Coulombe-Fortier in the preliminary round.
He is a graduate of the "Five Directions of the World" boarding school in Dagestan, Russia.
# Casa di Santo Stefano

Casa di Santo Stefano or Szent István Ház is the Hungarian pilgrim's hostel in Rome, located in Via del Casaletto 481.

## Background

The first Hungarian pilgrim's hostel in Rome was established by King Stephen I of Hungary next to the church of Santo Stefano degli Ungheresi in Vatican. The hostel received travelers from the Kingdom of Hungary through 700 years. It was pulled down by Pope Pius VI in 1776 when he built a new sacristy for the St Peter's Basilica.
The Pope gave 7,500 scudos as compensation for the Collegium Germanicum et Hungaricum. Only in the 20th century was the old pilgrim's hostel of St. Stephen re-established by Catholic emigrants who left the country after the 1956 Hungarian Revolution.

## History

Erzsébet Fáy became the nurse of a wealthy English gentleman, Lord Oliver Duncan and inherited his fortune. Erzsébet Fáy made contact with József Zágon, the Regent of the Hungarian Papal Institute and leader of the Hungarian emigrant community in Rome. She made a donation for a new pilgrim's hostel.
In 1965 József Zágon bought a parcel in the Gianicolense district of Rome from a lawyer named Pasini for 120 million liras. At that time Via del Casaletto was a rural neighbourhood with pastures and reeds but in the next decades it became a suburb of the growing city.
Hungarian university students who went into exile after 1956 gave 16 million liras for buying the lot. The remaining part of the sum was donated by Hungarians living in the United States and Switzerland.
The modern hostel was inaugurated on 20 August 1967. It is the property of the St. Stephen Foundation but run by the Congregatio Sororum Scholarum de Kalocsa (Kalocsai Iskolanővérek), a Hungarian religious order for women.
Casa di Santo Stefano was visited by the exiled leader of the Catholic Church, József Mindszenty on 2 October 1971. The house is a popular place of accommodation for Hungarian travelers and pilgrims in Rome from Hungary, Romania, Slovakia and other countries. It is decorated with the paintings of an emigrant priest-artist, Péter Prokop and surrounded with a garden.
The Casa di Santo Stefano was consecrated by Cardinal Péter Erdő, Archbishop of Esztergom-Budapest in September 2021. Also present was Miklós Soltész, Hungarian state secretary for church and minority relations.
# Brigida Silva de Ochoa

Brigida Silva de Ochoa was born in Peru in 1776. She came from a family of insurgents in Peruvian war of independence. Her older brother, Coronal Remigio Silva, was arrested during the conspiracy of 1809 and imprisoned, and her younger brother Mateo was a supporter of the failed governmental overthrow of 1809. Her brother Mateo was arrested and imprisoned for ten years. At age 18 she married Francisco Ochoa Camargo, a Cuzco native, who shared her family’s politics.
She devoted her life to helping imprisoned insurgents, especially those who were sent to Spain after the failed uprising of Aguilar and Ubaide in Cuzco. She also served as an intermediary, transporting communication between the patriots in the outskirts of the capital. Although this task was dangerous, she was never caught nor suspected of involvement since her oldest son worked as an officer in the Artillery, at the service of the King of Spain. This situation gave her easy access to where her brother Remigio was imprisoned and permitted her to have inside information which was used to help the patriots in their victory at Maipu.
# Jamila Abdallah Taha al-Shanti

This page is subject to the extended confirmed restriction related to the Arab-Israeli conflict.
Jamila Abdallah Taha al-Shanti (Arabic: جميلة عبد الله طه الشنطي‎; 15 March 1955 – 19 October 2023) was a Palestinian politician who was a member of Hamas who had previously been a member of the Palestinian Legislative Council. She was killed in an Israeli strike on Gaza on 19 October 2023, during the Israel–Hamas war.

## Early life and education

Al-Shanti was born on 15 March 1955. She held a PhD in English.

## Career

Al-Shanti was a member of Hamas and was the founder of the group's women's organization.
She taught at the Islamic University in Gaza until 2006.
On 3 November 2006 she led an unarmed women's march that succeeded in breaking an Israeli siege on a mosque in the town of Beit Hanoun. The Israeli military opened fire on the group, describing them as "human shields", one was killed and ten were wounded.
In the 2006 Palestinian legislative election she was the third candidate on the Hamas-led Change and Reform electoral list. She was the most senior woman among Hamas deputies elected in 2006 and became minister in 2011. She worked as a faculty member at the Islamic University in Gaza, and was the wife (later widow) of Hamas leader Abdel Aziz al-Rantisi.
In 2006 she claimed that an air strike aimed at her head instead killed her sister-in-law and over a dozen other people. International media confirmed that there had been an air strike on al-Shanti's home and that it killed Nahla Shanti and Abdel Majid Ghirbawi.
In 2021, al-Shanti (then aged 64) was elected as a member of Hamas' political bureau. The 15-member group is Hamas' highest decision-making body. She was the first woman ever to hold such a position in Hamas.

## Death

On 19 October 2023, during the Israel–Hamas war, al-Shanti was killed in an Israeli air strike, on her home in the Gaza Strip. France 24 listed her as one of the "key figures on Israel's hit list".
# HDEP-28

HDEP-28 or ethylnaphthidate is a stimulant drug of the piperidine and naphthylaminopropane groups, closely related to ethylphenidate, but with the benzene ring replaced by naphthalene. It is even more closely related to HDMP-28, which acts as a potent serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor with several times the potency of methylphenidate and a short duration of action. It has been sold as a designer drug since around 2015.

## Legality

HDEP-28 was banned in the UK as a Temporary Class Drug from June 2015 following its unapproved sale as a designer drug, alongside 4-Methylmethylphenidate.
# Uladzislau Kulesh

Uladzislau Kulesh (Belarusian: Уладзіслаў Кулеш; born 28 May 1996) is a Belarusian handball player for TSV Hannover-Burgdorf and the Belarusian national team.
He competed at the 2016 European Men's Handball Championship.
# 2021 Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards

The 47th Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards, given by the Los Angeles Film Critics Association (LAFCA), honored the best in film for 2021.

## Winners

* Best Film:
** Drive My Car
*** Runner-up: The Power of the Dog
* Best Director:
** Jane Campion – The Power of the Dog
*** Runner-up: Ryusuke Hamaguchi – Drive My Car
* Best Actor:
** Simon Rex – Red Rocket
*** Runner-up: Benedict Cumberbatch – The Power of the Dog
* Best Actress:
** Penélope Cruz – Parallel Mothers
*** Runner-up: Renate Reinsve – The Worst Person in the World
* Best Supporting Actor (TIE):
** Vincent Lindon – Titane
** Kodi Smit-McPhee – The Power of the Dog
* Best Supporting Actress:
** Ariana DeBose – West Side Story
*** Runner-up: Aunjanue Ellis – King Richard
* Best Screenplay:
** Ryusuke Hamaguchi and Takamasa Oe – Drive My Car
*** Runner-up: Paul Thomas Anderson – Licorice Pizza
* Best Cinematography:
** Ari Wegner – The Power of the Dog
*** Runner-up: Greig Fraser – Dune
* Best Editing:
** Joshua L. Pearson – Summer of Soul (...Or, When the Revolution Could Not Be Televised)
*** Runner-up: Andy Jurgensen – Licorice Pizza
* Best Music Score:
** Alberto Iglesias – Parallel Mothers
*** Runner-up: Jonny Greenwood – The Power of the Dog and Spencer
* Best Production Design:
** Steve Saklad – Barb and Star Go to Vista Del Mar
*** Runner-up: Tamara Deverell – Nightmare Alley
* Best Foreign Language Film:
** Petite Maman
*** Runner-up: Quo Vadis, Aida?
* Best Documentary/Non-Fiction Film:
** Summer of Soul (...Or, When the Revolution Could Not Be Televised)
*** Runner-up: Procession
* Best Animation:
** Flee
*** Runner-up: Belle
* New Generation Award (TIE):
** Shatara Michelle Ford – Test Pattern
** Tatiana Huezo – Prayers for the Stolen
* Career Achievement Award:
** Mel Brooks
* The Douglas Edwards Experimental/Independent Film/Video Award:
** The Works and Days (of Tayoko Shiojiri in the Shiotani Basin)
* Special Citation:
** L.A. Rebellion
# Guzmania nicaraguensis

Guzmania nicaraguensis is a plant species in the genus Guzmania. This species is native to Central America (all countries except El Salvador) and Mexico (Veracruz, Oaxaca, Chiapas).
# Julio Maglione

Julio César Maglione (born November 14, 1935, in Montevideo, Uruguay) is a former member of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) from Uruguay. He became an IOC member in 1996 and an honorary member in 2015.
Between 1989 and 1990, he served as president of the Uruguayan Football Association
Maglione has been president of the Uruguayan Olympic Committee (Comité Olímpico Uruguayo, COU) since 1987. In July 2009, he was elected President of FINA, the International Swimming Federation. As of July 2013, he is about to be reelected for that post.
In September 2012 Maglione was reelected president of the COU for the period 2012–2016.

## Sports positions held

| Organization | Position | Term |
| International Olympic Committee (IOC) | Member | 1996–2015 |
| Association of National Olympic Committees (ANOC) | Vice president (Americas) | 2002– |
| Comité Olímpico Uruguayo | President | 1987– |
| FINA | President | 2009–2021 |
| FINA | Honorary treasurer | 1992–2009 |
| FINA | Vice president | 1988–92 |
| CONSANAT | President | 1976–78 |
| Amateur Swimming Union of the Americas (ASUA) | President | 1979–83 1995–99 |
| Federación Uruguaya de Natación (FUN) (Uruguayan Swimming Federation) | President | 1969–1985 |
| Asociación Uruguaya de Fútbol (AUF) (Uruguayan Football Association) | President | 1989–1990 |
# Ali Elkhattabi

Ali Elkhattabi (Arabic: علي الخطّابي; born 17 January 1977) is a former professional footballer. Born in the Netherlands, Elkhattabi gained 10 caps for Morocco, making his debut in 1997.

## Club career

Elkhattabi began his professional career in the 1995–96 season with Sparta Rotterdam. After one season, he moved to Heerenveen. He proved to be an efficient goalscorer in his first matches at the club, spawning interest from several top clubs in the Netherlands. Three years later, Elkhattabi would, however, return to Sparta, where he scored 36 goals in 75 matches, striking up a partnership in attack with Bram Marbus. His final season – 2000–01 – proved his most successful, finishing second in the Eredivisie Golden Boot with 21 goals in 33 appearances, only behind Mateja Kežman. He was then signed by AZ. He stayed there for four years, before joining RBC Roosendaal on loan in 2005 after being rumored to Braga, Stoke City and Leeds United. Elkhattabi retired in September 2006, as he was not able to find a new club after his loan with RBC had expired.
Elkhattabi has a fear of flying, a condition which severely limited his ability to play in away matches in European competitions and to travel with the national team.

## International career

His international debut came against Togo in November 1997, and he was included in Morocco's 1998 World Cup squad.

## Retirement

Elkhattabi has worked as a real estate agent since his retirement from football. He has since also worked as a players' agent.
# Functional sentence perspective

In linguistics, functional sentence perspective (FSP) is a theory describing the information structure of the sentence and language communication in general. It has been developed in the tradition of the Prague School of Functional and Structural Linguistics together with its sister theory, Topic-Focus Articulation.
The key concepts of FSP were laid down by Jan Firbas in the mid-1950s on the basis of the linguistic work of Vilém Mathesius, especially his idea of functional syntax in linguistic characterology of language.

## Terminology

The term 'functional sentence perspective' was created by Jan Firbas as a more convenient English equivalent of Mathesius’ Czech term aktuální členění větné:
   “It is not without interest to note that Mathesius, who knew Weil’s work, coined the felicitous term ‘aktuální členění větné. … As English 'actual' is not an exact equivalent of Czech ‘aktuální’, another term had to be found for English. I accepted Professor Josef Vachek’s suggestion and started using the term 'functional sentence perspective' (FSP; Firbas 1957). The term is based on Mathesius’ term ‘Satzperspektive’. Vachek’s suggestion has added the qualification ‘functional’. This is the way the term 'functional sentence perspective' (FSP) has found its way into the literature.”
Within Czech linguistics the Czech calque of the English term Functional Sentence Perspective funkční větná perspektiva is nowadays used to refer to the approach stemming from the writings of Jan Firbas and his followers, while the original Mathesius’ Czech term aktuální členění větné tends to be associated with the group of linguists developing the Topic-Focus Articulation, i.e. Petr Sgall, Eva Hajičová, Jarmila Panevová and their disciples, despite the fact that both terms are still sometimes used interchangeably in some Czech contributions to the topic of information structure of language. (Cf. Karlík - Nekula - Pleskalová (2002))

### Key terms

* communicative dynamism
* theme, theme proper, diatheme, hypertheme, thematic progressions
* transition, transition proper
* rheme, rheme proper, rhematizers
* communicative units, communicative fields

#### FSP factors

* sentence linearity
* Firbasian dynamic semantic scales, dynamic semantic functions
* context
* prosody

## Key researchers

* František Daneš
* Libuše Dušková
* Jan Firbas
* Vilém Mathesius
* Aleš Svoboda
# PSLV-C56

The PSLV-C56 was the 58th mission of Indian Space Research Organisation's Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and the 17th flight of the PSLV-CA variant, and was launched from Satish Dhawan Space Centre First Launch Pad (FLP).

## Launch

It was launched on Sunday, 30 July 2023 at 06:31 IST / 01:01 UTC from Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh, India. This was a dedicated commercial mission through NSIL with DS-SAR as primary satellite and VELOX-AM as a co-passenger satellite with other 5 cubesats, all of which belonged to Singapore.

## Mission overview

Primary payload: DS-SAR
Secondary payload: 6 Co - Passenger Satellites
Mission Characteristics :
| Parameter | Orbit-1 |
| Alt (km) | 535 |
| Inclination (deg.) | 05.00 |
| Launch Pad | FLP |
PSLV is a 4 stage rocket, its first & third stages use solid fuel (HTBP) and its second & fourth stages use liquid hypergolic fuel.
Propellant:
* Stage 1: Composite Solid (HTBP based)
* Stage 2: Earth Storable Liquid (UDMH + N$_2$O$_4$)
* Stage 3: Composite Solid (HTBP based)
* Stage 4: Earth Storable Liquid (MMH + MON3)
# 2014 Katanga train derailment

On 22 April 2014, a freight train derailed near the Katongola Bridge in Haut-Lomami Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The train was carrying hundreds of illegal passengers at the time of the crash. As a result, 48 people were killed and over 160 injured.

## Background

The rail system of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is poorly maintained and has fallen into a state of disrepair after years of conflict within the country. Much of the system was built during the colonial period and received few upgrades since the end of Belgian rule in 1960 until a recent program financed by the World Bank. Employees of the Congo Railway Company (SNCC), the country's public rail company, often sell illegal tickets to passengers to boost their income. Other people simply hop on trains as they travel to get around the country. Train crashes are fairly frequent as a result of the overloading and poor infrastructure. In 2007, more than 100 people were killed when a freight train derailed in Kasai Occidental.

## Derailment

Between 10:00 and 11:00 local time (8:00–9:00 UTC) on 22 April 2014, a freight train derailed near Katongola, about 65 kilometres (40 mi) north of Kamina in the Haut-Lomami Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The derailment included the train's two engines and 15 of 19 carriages.
Although not a passenger train, it was carrying hundreds of passengers at the time of the crash. According to eyewitnesses, the train was filled with passengers both on the inside and on the roofs of the train cars. Although the crash occurred in the morning, rescuers did not arrive on scene until the early evening. Army medics and MONUSCO personnel were aided by a heavy crane in their efforts to free people trapped under piles of debris. Initial reports said as many as 63 people had been killed in the accident, but the death toll was later revised to 48. An additional 160 people were injured, 12 of them seriously.

## Cause

The initial investigation suggested that the train was traveling at about 60 kilometres per hour (37 mph), which is above the 40 kilometres per hour (25 mph) speed limit. The train was unable to slow sufficiently to get around a curve in the track and derailed. According to a government spokesman, the train apparently was speeding because of an engine failure.
# Candy Cane Children

"Candy Cane Children" (titled "Merry Christmas From The White Stripes" on music streaming services) is a single by American garage rock band The White Stripes. Released in late November 2002, this Christmas song is featured on the independent holiday-themed compilation Surprise Package Volume 2, released in 1998. The album title is a reference to die-hard fans of The White Stripes, who are called "Candy Cane Children".
On the 7" vinyl record there are inscriptions on Side A and Side B. Side A reads: "Whammy=Santa Voice". Side B reads: "Ghosts in the background".

## Track listing

* "Candy Cane Children"
* "The Reading of the Story of the Magi"
* "The Singing of Silent Night"

### Digital track listing

* "Candy Cane Children"
* "Story of the Magi / Silent Night"
# Kim Jong-hwan

Kim Jong-hwan (Korean: 김종환; born February 1, 1966) is a South Korean singer, referred to as the "Emperor of the Adult Ballad," for his popularity among middle-aged fans. He debuted in 1985 with the album, I Have No Place to Rest, and is known for pop ballads including, "Reason for Existence," and "One Hundred Year Promise."

## Discography
### Studio albums

| Title | Album details | Peak chart positions | Sales |
| Title | Album details | KOR | Sales |
| I Have No Place to Rest (쉴 곳 없는 나) | Released: 1985 Reissued: 1992 Label: Hwasung Format: CD, cassette | No data | No data |
| My Love, My Song (내 사랑 나의 노래) | Released: 1993 Label: Pro Media Format: CD, cassette | No data | No data |
| Reason for Existence (존재의 이유) | Released: 1996 Label: Apple Production Format: CD, cassette | No data | KOR: 2,500,000+ |
| For Love (사랑을 위하여) | Released: 1997 Label: Apple Production Format: CD, cassette | No data | KOR: 3,000,000+ |
| Until The Day We Love (사랑하는날까지) | Released: 1998 Label: Apple Production Format: CD, cassette | No data | No data |
| One Hundred Year Promise (백년의 약속) | Released: May 4, 2000 Label: Doremi Media Co. Format: CD, cassette | 17 | KOR: 33,029+ |
| Now And Forever | Released: November 4, 2003 Label: Doremi Media Co. Format: CD, cassette | 16 | KOR: 11,764+ |
| Two Become One (둘이 하나되어) | Released: April 22, 2005 Label: Kim's Music Format: CD, cassette | 26 | KOR: 4,019+ |
| 30th Anniversary Album (데뷔 30주년 기념음반) | Released: October 15, 2013 Label: Kim's Music Format: CD, digital download | 38 | — |

## Awards

| Year | Awards | Category | Nominated work | Result |
| 1996 | Golden Disc Awards | Popularity Award | Reason for Existence | Won |
| 1998 | Golden Disc Awards | Album of the Year | For Love | Won |
| 1998 | Seoul Music Awards | Bonsang (Main Prize) | — | Won |
# Albino Baldan

Albino Baldan (4 February 1925 – 25 February 1991) was an Italian rower. He competed in the men's eight event at the 1952 Summer Olympics.
# Enrico Bruna

Enrico Bruna (11 November 1880 – 7 February 1921) was an Italian rower.
Bruna was born in 1880 in Venice. He competed at the 1906 Intercalated Games (also known as the 1906 Olympic Games) in Athens where he won three rowing gold medals: in the coxed pair event over 1 km, in the same boat class over 1 mile, and in the coxed four.
After WWI, he competed in the men's coxed four at the Inter-Allied Games outside Paris and won gold. He died two years later in Venice aged 40.
# Sergio Ghiatto

Sergio Ghiatto (3 June 1928 – 29 June 2012) was an Italian rower. He competed in the men's eight event at the 1952 Summer Olympics.
# Albino Trevisan

Albino Trevisan (3 March 1931 – 3 April 2020) was an Italian rower. He competed at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki with the men's coxed four where they were eliminated in the semi-final repêchage.