OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Toledo Bridge

The Toledo Bridge was located in Toledo, Iowa, United States. It spanned Deer Creek for 124 feet (38 m). The Clinton Bridge and Iron Works of Clinton, Iowa built a single-span, pin-connected Pratt truss in 1912. The following year it became part of the Lincoln Highway route. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998. The historic span was replaced by a concrete span in 2006, and removed from the National Register in 2009.
# Fritz Polack

    See Friedrich Polack for the educationist.
Fritz Polack (22 October 1892 – 6 April 1956) was a highly decorated Generalleutnant in the Wehrmacht during World War II. He was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. General Polack surrendered to the US 85th Infantry Division at La Stanga, Italy, near Belluno.

## Biography

He served in the Saxon Fußartillerie-Regiment Nr. 10 from 1911, promoted to lieutenant in 1912 and to the first lieutenant in 1916. He was discharged in 1920 and studied political economy at Erfurt University, completing a doctorate (Dr. rer. pol.). He re-joined the army as a captain in 1934, serving in Artillerie-Regiment 29, then promoted to major in 1937.
In 1938 he became commander of the third division of Artillerie Regiment 29 in Kassel, participating in the Invasion of Poland in the summer of 1939. He was promoted to lieutenant colonel in 1940, serving as commander of Artillerie-Lehr-Regiment 2. Promoted to colonel in 1942, he commanded Panzer Artillerie Regiment 140, active in the southern part of the eastern front. He retired from command in December 1942 but was reactivated in March 1943 as commander of Artillerie Regiment (motorisiert) 29 as part of the "Italy Group". For his service in Sicily he was decorated with the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross in 1943.
Polack was promoted to major general in 1944, commanding the 29th Panzer Grenadier Division, and finally promoted to lieutenant general on 15 March 1945. He was nominated to receive the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, the award was announced and confirmed by OB 10th Armee under the command of General der Panzertruppe Traugott Herr, who stated that he received approval to make the award after a telephone inquiry to HPA Traunstein. Polack received his Oak Leaves on 30 April 1945.
He was a POW until he was released in October 1947. He resumed his career as a professor in political science and died from a stroke while visiting England in 1956.

## War crimes

In the final days of the war, on 29 April 1945, the 29th Panzergrenadier Division, commanded by Polack, was involved in the San Martino di Lupari massacre, where it used Italian civilians as human shields against partisan attacks and eventually executed 125 hostages. The Military Prosecutor of Padua investigated the massacre and Polack's involvement in 1960 and, again, in 1995.

## Awards and decorations

* Iron Cross (1914)
** 2nd Class (6 September 1914)
** 1st Class (16 November 1916)
* Wound Badge (1914)
** in Black
* Honour Cross of the World War 1914/1918
* Clasp to the Iron Cross (1939)
** 2nd Class (25 September 1939)
** 1st Class (5 December 1942)
* Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 27 August 1943 as Oberst and commander of Artillerie-Regiment 29 (motorized)
* Oak Leaves on 30 April 1945 as Generalleutnant and commander of the 29. Panzergrenadier-Division.
# IPredator

IPredator was a VPN service offered with the stated goal of providing internet privacy. It was co-founded by Peter Sunde, as a response to the introduction of IPRED in Sweden, which will allow copyright holders and law enforcement officials to request personal information about copyright infringement suspects.

## History

On 12 August 2009, beta testing invitations were sent out to those who entered their email addresses into the beta signup form. Additionally, the homepage has changed to reflect the beta. The service initially only used PPTP (supported natively in XP, Vista, Windows 7, OS X and Linux through the use of PPTP-linux) to tunnel the connection through servers (vpn.ipredator.se which resolves to multiple IP addresses) located in Sweden. On September 14, 2009, IPredator "The Second Batch" became available for public.
On November 28, 2009, IPredator became publicly available and exited the beta stage. This was done in response to the FRA law coming into effect on December 1, a law which would allow the FRA to intercept internet communications crossing the Swedish border. In concert, The Pirate Bay changed its logo on December 1, 2009, to an image depicting FRA as Glass Joe, the first and weakest opponent from the video game Punch-Out!!. The image linked to IPredator's website with the message "FRA vs IPredator - It's on!"
OpenVPN support was added in August 2012.

## Payment

In July 2013, PayPal stopped providing payment services to IPredator. In addition, all the organization's funds had been frozen for up to 180 days. The account was reinstated the next month. Conversely Paysafecard, to which many customers had switched while PayPal was unavailable, canceled support for iPredator.

## Merger

In October 2020, IPredator was merged into Njalla, a privacy-focused domain name and hosting service also founded by Sunde.
# Monte Punshon

Ethel May (Monte) Punshon (8 November 1882 – 4 April 1989) was an Australian artist and teacher. She was known for her kindness to Japanese internees during the second world war. After she reached the age of 100, she came out, she joined MENSA, she wrote her autobiography, she was given a decoration by Japan and she was an ambassador for Expo 88.

## Life

Punshon was born in 1882 in the Australian state of Victoria in Ballarat.
In 1910 she enjoyed a twelve year relationship with a woman named Debbie. They lived together until Debbie left her for another woman. Debbie died two years later and Punshon had no more long term relationships.
In 1943 she worked at the internment camp near Tatura for Japanese people who had been living in Australia during World War Two. Punshon looked after the compound set aside for those who could not speak English and for the school in the camp.
Moshi Inagaki, who had introduced the teaching of Japanese and who been her teacher when she was at University evening classes learning Japanese, was one of the internees.
After the war all the internees were released and Punshon took a variety of jobs assisting with the people displaced by the war. She was also in what is now Vanuatu where she founded a school in the New Hebrides. Punshon taught at Melbournes Swinburne Technical College from 1956 until she retired in 1959.
She came to the attention of the wife of a Japanese diplomat and she was impressed when she researched Punshon's work during the war. In 1980 Saburo Okita who was a Japanese minister gave her a certificate of appreciation.
In 1985 her sexuality was in the press where she was described as the "world's oldest lesbian" and that she had "come out". In 1987 her autobiography, Monte-San: The Times Between : Life Lies Hidden, was published but it did not mention her girlfriends.
She joined MENSA when she was 103 and when she was 105 she was made a roving ambassador for World Expo 88. She was given the Japanese Order of the Sacred Treasure in 1988. Punshon died in 1989 in the Melbourne suburb of Heidelberg.
# Dieburg

Dieburg (German pronunciation: ) is a small town in southern Hesse, Germany. It was formerly the seat of the district ("Kreis") of Dieburg, but is now part of the district of Darmstadt-Dieburg.

## History

Early mentions of Dieburg date back to the early 13th century, with various spellings of its name attested. The city's name is derived from the Middle High German words diot, meaning "people", and burg, meaning "castle". Therefore, Dieburg refers to the castle of the people, located in the centre of the medieval town. The town's centre largely consists of historical timber-framed houses from medieval times. The Dieburg Museum, located in the Fechenbach stately home, displays archeological findings. Of special interest is a Roman temple relief of Mithras and a dyer's workshop. The coat of arms of the town Dieburg shows Martin of Tours. A cultural highlight is the yearly carnival, including a carnival parade that is completely based on honorary posts.

## Geography

Dieburg is situated north of mountain range Odenwald in southern Hesse. The Gersprenz (47 km), tributary to the Main, flows through Dieburg. The city of Darmstadt is located 15 kilometres to the West, the city of Frankfurt on the Main is located around 40 kilometres to the North of Dieburg.

## Mayors

* 1976–1982: Stephan Schmitt (CDU)
* 1983–1987: Helmut Aelken (CDU)
* 1987–2005: Peter Christ (CDU)
* 2005–2017: Werner Thomas, Sc.D. (first independent, since 2015 CDU), Thomas was reelected in March 2011 with 70,7 % of the votes.
* since 2017: Frank Haus (independent)

## Twin towns – sister cities

Dieburg is twinned with:
* Aubergenville, France (1975)
* Reinsdorf, Germany (1990)
* Mladá Boleslav, Czech Republic (1997)

## Notable people

* Klaus Schrodt (born 1946), aerobatics pilot, various titles as German, European and World Champion
* Bertram Schmitt (born 1958), professor of law, Judge of the Federal Court of Justice and the International Criminal Court
* Willy A. Flegel (born 1960), professor of transfusion medicine and Immunohematology
* Jörg Roßkopf (born 1969), table tennis player, grew up in Münster (near Dieburg)
* Marvin Schwäbe (born 1995), footballer
# Allen Raine

Allen Raine was the pseudonym of the Welsh novelist Anne Adalisa Beynon Puddicombe (6 October 1836 – 21 June 1908), who was born in Newcastle Emlyn. Her novels had sold more than two million copies by 1912.

## Life

She was born Anne Adalisa Evans in Newcastle Emlyn, Carmarthenshire, the eldest daughter of a lawyer, Benjamin Evans, and Letitia Grace Evans, his wife, whose father was a lawyer and the grandson of David Davis (1745–1827). Allen Raine's mother was also the granddaughter of Daniel Rowland.
In 1849, she was sent to be educated with the family of a Unitarian minister, Henry Solly, at Cheltenham. Family friends included literati such as George Eliot, Mrs Henry Wood, and Bulwer-Lytton. She later lived in the suburbs of London with her sister Lettie. In her youth she contributed to a short-lived periodical called Home Sunshine, which was produced by friends, the Leslie family, and printed at Newcastle Emlyn.

### Marital life

Returning to Wales in 1856, she married the banker Beynon Puddicombe at Penbryn Church, Tresaith, Cardiganshire, on 10 April 1872. He was the foreign correspondent of Smith Payne's Bank, London. They lived in the London area until February 1900, when her husband became mentally ill. They then retired to Bronmôr, their summer house in Tresaith until his death in 1906. He died on 29 May and was buried at Penbryn Church.
She remained in Tresaith until her death on 21 June 1908.

## Works

A fictionalised version of coastal Cardiganshire features largely in each of her novels and the majority of her short stories.
In 1897, she published a literary translation of Ceiriog's long poem 'Alun Mabon' in serial form in O. M. Edwards's magazine Wales.
* Ynysoer (National Eisteddfod winner, 1894)
* A Welsh Singer (1896)
* Torn Sails (1897)
* By Berwen Banks (1899)
* Garthowen (1900)
* A Welsh Witch (1902, republished by Honno Classics, 2013)
* On the Wings of the Wind (1903)
* Hearts of Wales (1905)
* Queen of the Rushes (1906, republished by Honno Classics, 1998)
* Neither Storehouse nor Barn (1908)
* All in a Month (short story collection; 1908)
* Where Billows Roll (originally Ynysoer, Eisteddfod winner 1894)
* Under the Thatch (unfinished at death, completed by Lyn Evans in 1910)

## Films

* Torn Sails (1915)
* A Welsh Singer (starring Florence Turner 1915) and By Berwen Banks (1920)
# Nowa Wieś, Kościan County

Nowa Wieś is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Śmigiel, within Kościan County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) north-west of Śmigiel, 12 km (7 mi) south-west of Kościan, and 51 km (32 mi) south-west of the regional capital Poznań.
# David McGregor

David McGregor may refer to:
* David McGregor (water polo) (1909–?), British water polo player
* David Stuart McGregor (1895–1918), Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross
* David McGregor Rogers (1772–1824), farmer and Member of the 2nd Parliament of Upper Canada
# 2021 Shiyan pipeline explosion

2021 Shiyan pipeline explosion, officially June 13 Yanhu Community Pedlar's Market Severe Gas Explosion Accident in Zhangwan District, Shiyan, Hubei (Chinese: 湖北省十堰市张湾区艳湖社区集贸市场“6·13”重大燃气爆炸事故) was a gas explosion took place at about 6:30 a.m. local time in Yanhu Community, Checheng Road Subdistrict, Zhangwan District, Shiyan, Hubei on 13 June 2021 in a market, which then collapsed. Locals who were buying vegetables or having breakfast at the market were trapped by the explosion. The explosion resulted in 25 deaths and 138 injuries (including 37 serious injuries).

## Accident

At 6:30 a.m. a gas line exploded near a vegetable market killing 26 and injuring 138. 173 fire fighters rescued 150 from building severely damaged by the blast.

## Casualties

25 people were killed and 138 others injured, according to China Central Television.
In the final report, the total death reached 26.

## Investigation
### Accusations and administrative measures

11 persons were arrested and prosecuted as they were responsible for the accident.
4 persons were fined and prohibited from gas industry for life.
34 government officers were responsible for the accident, receiving disciplinary measures, including 1 placed on probation within the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) with dismissal of government affairs, 2 revocation of CCP positions with dismissal of government affairs, 6 serious warnings within the CCP, 3 serious warnings within the CCP with major demerits in government affairs, 2 major demerits in government affairs, 4 warnings within the CCP, 5 warnings in government affairs, 6 admonitions, 5 mandatory written self-criticism. Shiyan Committee of the CCP and Shiyan City Government were mandated to make penetrating self-criticism to Hubei Committee of the CCP and Hubei Province Government.
# Aster rigidus

Aster rigidus may refer to four different species of plants:
* Aster rigidus Soó, a synonym for Galatella sedifolia subsp. rigida (DC.) Greuter
* Aster rigidus Kuntze, a synonym for Solidago rigida subsp. rigida L.
* Aster rigidus Moench, a synonym for Pentanema salicinum (L.) D.Gut.Larr. et al.
* Aster rigidus L., a synonym for Ionactis linariifolia (L.) Greene
# Nowa Wieś, Krotoszyn County

Nowa Wieś is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rozdrażew, within Krotoszyn County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) north-east of Rozdrażew, 18 km (11 mi) north-east of Krotoszyn, and 79 km (49 mi) south-east of the regional capital Poznań.
# Public Service Media (Maldives)

Public Service Media (PSM) is the state-owned public service company formed by the Public Service Media Act (Law no: 9/2015).

## History

PSM was formed on 28 April 2015 under the Public Service Media Act (9/2015) after then-President Abdulla Yameen ratified the new bill, which journalists say that would undermine press freedom. The International Federation of Journalists condemned the new law calling it a 'state mouthpiece'.
Prior to PSM being the state media, its predecessor was the Maldives Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) created by then-President Mohamed Waheed Hassan Manik from 14 February 2012 - 27 April 2015.
Prior to MBC being the state media, its predecessor was the Maldives National Broadcasting Corporation (MNBC) created by then-President Mohamed Nasheed from 22 December 2008 - 13 February 2012.

## Brands

Currently there are 10 brands that PSM owns:
* PSM News
* Television Maldives (TVM)
* TVM Qur'an
* Dhivehi Raajjeyge Adu (Voice of Maldives)
* Dhivehi FM
* Yes TV
* Dheenuge Adu
* Munnaaru TV
* Maldives TV
# Tomlinson Lift Bridge

The Tomlinson Lift Bridge is a crossing of the Quinnipiac River in New Haven, Connecticut. The bridge forms a segment of U.S. Route 1. The Tomlinson Vertical Lift Bridge carries four lanes of traffic across New Haven Harbor and a single-track freight line owned by the Providence & Worcester Railroad that connects the waterfront with the Northeast Corridor line of Metro North and CSX. A sidewalk is present along the southern edge of the bridge.

## History

The first bridge here was erected in 1797 by Isaac Tomlinson's group to replace profits from their ferry ruined by a new bridge. This 27-foot (8.2 m)-wide covered wooden truss bridge included a draw to allow vessels through. It has also been described as a "wood and sandstone" bridge.
The second bridge, 1885-1922, was an iron bridge which was never particularly good, having been salvaged from a scrap yard, and not thought well of even before then. By 1913, this bridge was opening 17,000 times a year. Plans for replacement were created during World War I.
The third bridge on-site was a trunioned double-leaf bascule drawbridge with its counterweights in a closed pit underneath, built between 1921 and 1924. It was designed by engineer Ernest W. Wiggin of New Haven in the Beaux-Arts style, based on a bascule design by Joseph B. Strauss. Before the completion of the adjacent Q Bridge, it was carrying 30,000 vehicles a day. When closed, clearance under the bridge was 12 feet (3.7 m) at mean high water, ranging from 8–17 feet (2.4–5.2 m) at extreme high tide to extreme low tide. The channel width was 117 feet (36 m), with a total span length between centers of 148 feet (45 m). The builder was the Phoenix Bridge Company of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
The current bridge, the fourth one on this site, is a lift bridge 270 feet (82 m) long and 92 feet (28 m) wide, a significant improvement from the previous (third) bridge's 117-foot (36 m) channel. The mechanism raises the lift span 62 feet (19 m) with 3,000,000-pound (1,400,000 kg) counterweights on each of the two 150-foot (46 m) towers on either end. The bridge cost $120 million, designed by Hardesty & Hanover LLP of New York City, is 90 feet (27 m) wide and 270 feet (82 m) long with two 30-foot (9.1 m) tower spans and six 100-foot (30 m)-long approach spans. The lift span weighs almost 6,500,000 pounds (2,900,000 kg) with a total load-to-move of 13,000,000 pounds (5,900,000 kg). It provides a channel with 240 feet (73 m) horizontal clearance and 13 feet (4.0 m) vertical clearance when the span is closed, and an additional 62 feet (19 m) vertical clearance when it is open.
The project was part of the New Haven Harbor Crossing Improvement Program Securing the bridge's lift piers initially proved difficult because rock elevation and slope differed along the route. To secure the piers, teeth were welded to the tip of 20-in-diameter pile shells that were then drilled into the bedrock. For some piles, an adequate seal was not achieved until the pile had been seated into 5 ft. of bedrock.
# Oshikuku Constituency

Oshikuku Constituency is an electoral constituency in the Omusati Region of Namibia. It had 9,701 registered voters in 2020. Its district capital is the village of Oshikuku.
Oshikuku Constituency covers an area of 277 km$^2$ (107 sq mi). It had a population of 9,093 in 2011, up from 8,299 in 2001.

## Politics

Oshikuku is traditionally a stronghold of the South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO) party. The 2004 regional election was won by SWAPO politician Petrus Endjambi. He received 2,947 of the 2,982 votes cast.
In the 2015 local and regional elections SWAPO candidate Modestus Amutse won uncontested and became councillor after no opposition party nominated a candidate. The SWAPO candidate won the 2020 regional election by a large margin. Matheus Gabriel obtained 3,815 votes, followed by Kassian Kanyemba of the Independent Patriots for Change (IPC), an opposition party formed in August 2020, with 607 votes.
# Velje Selo

Velje Selo (Montenegrin Cyrillic: Веље Село) is a village in the municipality of Bar, Montenegro.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census, its population was 233.
Ethnicity in 2011 :
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| Montenegrins | 86 | 36.9% |
| other/undeclared | 147 | 63.1% |
| Total | 233 | 100% |
# 2021 Lahore bombing

On 23 June 2021, a car bomb exploded in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan, killing three people.

## Bombing

On 23 June 2021, about 11 am local time, a car bombing took place in Johar Town, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Three people were killed and more than 21 others injured. Police believe that the target was the house which was damaged in the bombing. It is believed to be where Hafiz Saeed, co-founder of Lashkar-e-Taiba and the chief of Jama'at-ud-Da'wah was living at the time. An estimated 30kg of explosives were used.

## Investigation

Over the next two days, raids were conducted to arrest the suspects. They were later charged with explosives offences. Later, a foreign national identified as Peter Paul David, was offloaded from a Karachi-bound flight and shifted to an undisclosed location for interrogation. He had been shuttling between Karachi, Lahore and Dubai frequently, while he could not satisfy the investigators about the purpose of these visits and his activities. The car used in the blast had been sold multiple times and David was its last owner, who handed over his car to one of his friend for a couple of days use and has not seen his face as he was masked. Punjab Chief Minister Usman Buzdar has said "a foreign hostile agency was directly involved in the terrorist incident and had also provided the financial support to the terrorist". Investigation Officer Wakeel Ahmad said "investigators had found evidence of involvement of the Indian secret service in the attack". On 4 July 2021 Moeed Yusuf the National Security Adviser to the Prime Minister of Pakistan issued a statement that "the main mastermind of this attack belongs to R&AW, lives in India and is an Indian citizen and the 'direct origin' of the money through which the attack was financed was from India". Moreover, "the cyber attacks were also carried toward the investigation equipment so that time could be gained for the network to disperse".
On 27 April 2022, the Punjab Counter Terrorism Department claimed to have arrested the mastermind named as Samiul Haq, as well as the facilitator named as Uzair Akbar, of the blast from Balochistan.