OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# List of German astronauts

The following is a list of German astronauts who have traveled into space, sorted by date of first flight.
As of 2024, twelve Germans have been in space. The first German, and only East German, in space was Sigmund Jähn in 1978. Three astronauts – Ulf Merbold, Reinhard Furrer and Ernst Messerschmid – represented West Germany during the time of divided Germany.
Merbold made two other spaceflights after Germany was reunified in 1990. He is the only German to have been in space three times.

## List

| Name | Mission | Mission start | Mission duration | Space station | Mission objectives |
| Sigmund Jähn | Soyuz 31 / Soyuz 29 | August 26, 1978 | 7 days | Salyut 6 | Scientific experiments in Salyut 6 |
| Ulf Merbold | STS-9 | November 28, 1983 | 10 days | | Scientific experiments in the Spacelab Module |
| Ulf Merbold | STS-42 | January 22, 1992 | 8 days | | Scientific experiments in the Spacelab Module |
| Ulf Merbold | Soyuz TM-20 / Soyuz TM-19 | October 3, 1994 | 31 days | Mir | |
| Reinhard Furrer | STS-61-A (D1) | October 30, 1985 | 7 days | | Scientific experiments in the Spacelab Module, deployment of the Global Low Orbiting Message Relay Satellite (GLOMR) |
| Ernst Messerschmid | STS-61-A (D1) | October 30, 1985 | 7 days | | Scientific experiments in the Spacelab Module, deployment of GLOMR |
| Klaus-Dietrich Flade | Soyuz TM-14 / Soyuz TM-13 | March 17, 1992 | 7 days | Mir | |
| Hans Schlegel | STS-55 (D2) | April 26, 1993 | 9 days | | Scientific experiments in the Spacelab Module |
| Hans Schlegel | STS-122 | February 7, 2008 | 12 days | ISS | Installation of the Columbus Orbital Facility |
| Ulrich Walter | STS-55 (D2) | April 26, 1993 | 9 days | | Scientific experiments in the Spacelab Module |
| Thomas Reiter | Soyuz TM-22 / Euromir 95 | September 3, 1995 | 179 days | Mir | |
| Thomas Reiter | STS-121 / Expedition 13 / Expedition 14 / STS-116 | July 4, 2006 | 171 days | ISS | |
| Reinhold Ewald | Soyuz TM-25 / Soyuz TM-24 | February 10, 1997 | 19 days | Mir | |
| Gerhard Thiele | STS-99 | February 11, 2000 | 11 days | | Shuttle Radar Topography Mission, positionig of several satellites |
| Alexander Gerst | Soyuz TMA-13M / Expedition 40 / Expedition 41 | May 28, 2014 | 165 days | ISS | |
| Alexander Gerst | Soyuz MS-09 / Expedition 56 / Expedition 57 | June 6, 2018 | 197 days | ISS | |
| Matthias Maurer | SpaceX Crew-3 / Expedition 66 / Expedition 67 | November 10, 2021 | 190 days | ISS | |
Amelie Schoenenwald and Nicola Winter were selected in the reserve corps of the 2022 European Space Agency Astronaut Group. They are the first women to be selected as astronauts representing Germany.
# Joubi Bridge

Joubi Bridge ( Persian: پل جوبی ), also called the Choobi Bridge, is a bridge in Isfahan, Iran. It was built in 1665, during the Safavid era.
The Joui Bridge is located between Khaju and Ferdowsi bridges. It is 147 meters long and 4 meters wide, with 21 arches. It was built during the reign of Shah Abbas II to irrigate and connect the king's gardens on both sides of the river.
# Lefébre Rademan

Lefébre Rademan (born 22 August 1996) is a South African netball player, who has represented the national team. At club level, she plays for Severn Stars in the British Netball Superleague (NSL), and has previously played for Celtic Dragons and London Pulse in the NSL, as well as Free State Crinums in the South African Netball League.

## Personal life

Rademan is from Riversdale, Western Cape, South Africa. She attended Langenhoven High School, and later studied education at the University of the Free State in Bloemfontein.

## Club career

Rademan started her career as a defender, but now plays as either a goal attack or a wing attack. Whilst at the University of the Free State, Rademan played Varsity netball for their team, the Kovsies. She later captained the side. She was part of the 2018 Kovsies team that won the Varsity Cup, and in 2019, she was named the season's best player and player's player of the year.
In the same year, Rademan played for Free State Crinums in the South African Netball League. She was the Crinums' captain, and they finished third in the league. Rademan won four player of the match awards in the tournament. In 2020, she captained the Free State Crinums again, and was named Shooter of the Tournament. The Crinums came second, losing in the final to Gauteng Jaguars. Ahead of the 2021 Netball Superleague season, Rademan signed for London Pulse. She made her debut for London Pulse in a match against Surrey Storm in February 2021. Ahead of the 2022 Netball Superleague season, Rademan signed for Celtic Dragons. She re-signed for the team for the 2023 season, but did not play due to injury. Rademan signed for Severn Stars ahead of the 2024 Netball Superleague season.

## International career

In her matric year (final year of high school), Rademan played for South Africa under-18s. She has also played for South Africa under-21s, and represented them at the 2017 Netball World Youth Cup.
Rademan received her first callup to the South Africa national netball team whilst in the middle of a coaching session in Bloemfontein. She made her debut in a 2019 Africa Netball Cup match against Lesotho, and she also played in South Africa's Africa Cup matches against Malawi, Uganda, Kenya, Zimbabwe, and Zambia. Later in the year, she played in the series against England. She played in the 2020 Netball Nations Cup, and in South Africa's series against Malawi. Rademan was unable to play for South Africa in their 2021 SPAR Challenge Series matches against Uganda and Namibia as the rearranged dates clashed with her London Pulse matches. Rademan played at the 2022 Commonwealth Games, where she sustained an anterior cruciate ligament injury. In early 2023, she trained with locally-based South African players as part of her rehabilitation.
# Hayward Shoreline Interpretive Center

The Hayward Shoreline Interpretive Center is a natural history and ecology interpretive nature center located in Hayward, California. It is directly adjacent to the north side of Highway 92 as it approaches the San Mateo–Hayward Bridge, and is accessed from the highway by the last offramp in the westbound direction before the bridge toll gates. The Center was dedicated in 1986, and is operated by the Hayward Area Recreation and Park District.

## Activities

The Center focuses on San Francisco Bay wetland and shoreline ecosystems, and is itself located next to restored wetlands formerly used as salt ponds. The Center operates primarily as a resource center for local schools' educational field trips. It is open to the public on weekends. The center has a small permanent exhibit of native, aquatic life, and rotating exhibits of other related subjects. It is an access point to the San Francisco Bay Trail. Binoculars are on loan for birdwatching. On the other side of Highway 92 is Eden Landing Ecological Reserve, operated by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife.
# 1953 Broxtowe by-election

The Broxtowe by-election was held on 17 September 1953. It was held due to the death of the incumbent Labour MP Seymour Cocks. It was won by the Labour candidate William Warbey.
By Election 17 September 1953: Broxtowe :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Will Warbey | 27,356 | 74.11 | +1.43 |
| | Conservative | AJ Gorman | 9,559 | 25.89 | −1.43 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 17,797 | 48.22 | +2.86 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 36,915 | | |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | | |
# Saint-Cyr-en-Bourg

Saint-Cyr-en-Bourg (French pronunciation: ) is a former commune in the Maine-et-Loire department in western France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Bellevigne-les-Châteaux.
# Frances Perkins Center

The Frances Perkins Center is a nonprofit organization located in Newcastle, Maine. Its mission is to inspire current and future generations to understand and uphold the government's role in providing social justice and economic security for all, based on the vision of workers’ rights advocate Frances Perkins.
The Center is located at the Frances Perkins National Monument in Newcastle, which was initially designated a National Historic Landmark in 2014. Its house and connected farm buildings are owned by the Center.

## History

The Frances Perkins Homestead National Historic Landmark has been owned and managed by the Center since 2020. It includes 57 acres of woods and fields along the Damariscotta River, and an 1837 brick house listed in the National Register of Historic Places and designated a National Historic Landmark in 2014. The site was home to generations of the Perkins family dating back to the 1750s.
In 2023, the Center completed a $3.5 million renovation project, protecting the farmhouse and other structures from deterioration. That same year, it hosted an awards ceremony to celebrate the Center's reopening for public visitation.
In June 2024, the Center was awarded a $750,000 grant by the Mellon Foundation. It became the first organization in Maine to receive funds from the Mellon Foundation's grant program. Distributed over three years, the grant money is meant to advance the Center's mission of historic preservation, enhance educational programming, and support staffing.
The Center hosts a self-guided exhibit dedicated to Perkins’ life and work. Open seasonally, it displays artifacts, photographs, and other items to tell Perkins’ story.
In August 2024, the Center sought support for designating Perkins' home as a national monument. The organization claimed the designation would "shine a brighter light on the so-called only woman in the room."
In December 2024, the Biden administration designated the 57-acre rural homestead (where the Center is located) as the Frances Perkins National Monument.

## Leadership

The Center's executive director is Giovanna Gray Lockhart. Amanda Hatch serves as deputy director.
# Michelle Gómez

Michelle Alejandra Gómez Bustos (born July 17, 1992) is a Colombian model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned as Miss Earth Colombia 2015 and represented Colombia at Miss Earth 2016. She also made history for Colombia as the first Colombian elemental queen after receiving the Miss Earth - Air 2016 title.

## Biography
### Early life and career beginnings

As published in Miss Earth's official website, Michelle described her childhood days as, "I was one of the best students in my school, my favorites subjects were science, and Spanish. I loved to play in the park near to my house with my cousins and friends, we used to plant flowers and pick up flowers to decorate our houses, we were like the guardians of the park, and I also loved to dress up like a model and imagine that I was a super model." She learned that, "I learned to love nature with my friends; we were so worried about the plants and animals. And I also to respect every living thing on earth."

## Pageantry
### Miss Earth Colombia 2016

Michelle Gómez represented her hometown, Sumapaz, at the Miss Earth Colombia 2016 pageant. At the end of the pageant, Michelle was hailed as Miss Earth Colombia 2016 and was crowned by Miss Earth 2015 Angelia Ong.

### Miss Earth 2016

At the end of the pageant, Gómez finished as Miss Earth - Air 2016.
# Palace of Viceroy Laserna

The Palace of Viceroy Laserna (also known as Palace of the Counts of the Andes) is a palace in Jerez de la Frontera, Andalusia, Spain. It has a neoclassical style, with details from previous styles.

## History

The palace is built on top of the foundations of an arab palace. After refurbishment work in the building, a plaster of the Nasrid dynasty of the XIII century was found. The palace has been in the same family since the reconquest of Jerez in the XIII century. In the XVIII century it went through a refurbishment that gave it the neoclassical aspect that it has today. Also in the XVIII century José de la Serna y Martínez de Hinojosa, first Count of the Andes [es] and last Viceroy of Peru was born in the house. The palace is named Palace of Viceroy Laserna, in his honor. Since then it has been the residence of the Counts of the Andes.

## Maintenance

The palace is in a great state of maintenance, due to having been the continually inhabited traditional residence of the Count of the Andes [es] (Condado de los Andes)

## Heritage

The Palace has many pieces of art. It has been opened for visits since April 2015.

## Annexed building

In 1925, because of the canonical coronation of Our Lady of Mount Carmel in Jerez de la Frontera in April, Francisco Moreno Zuleta, 6th Count of the Andes [es], ordered the construction of a new building annexed to the Palace to host the government officials who came to the event. This building is now a part of the palace and has a small hotel.

## Corral de comedias

During the 17th century there was a corral de comedias where the garden of the Palace is now. Its entrance was in Santa Isabel Street.
# His Name Was Holy Ghost

His Name Was Holy Ghost (Italian: Uomo avvisato mezzo ammazzato... parola di Spirito Santo, Spanish: ...Y le llamaban El Halcón, also known as They Call Him Holy Ghost and El halcón de Sierra Madre) is a 1972 Italian-Spanish Spaghetti Western film directed by Giuliano Carnimeo and starring Gianni Garko, and is the follow-up to They Call Him Cemetery. It received a belated UK release in 1976 under the title Blazing Guns as a supporting film to Monsters From an Unknown Planet.

## Plot

A mysterious stranger named Holy Ghost joins forces with a beautiful Mexican revolutionary girl and her father to overthrow a ruthless general and rescue a man who knows the location of a mine, which has been won by Holy Ghost in a poker game.

## Cast

* Gianni Garko as Holy Ghost
* Pilar Velázquez as Juana Mendoza
* Paul Stevens as Samuel Crow
* Víctor Israel as The Priest
* Poldo Bendandi as General Ubarte
* Cris Huerta as Carezza
* Jorge Rigaud as Don Firmino Mednoza
* Nello Pazzafini as Colonel
* Fortunato Arena as Colonel Matadodos
* Aldo Barberito as Friar John
* Carlo Gaddi as Captain Fiesta
* Franco Pesce as Engineer Hernandez
* Rick Boyd as Vern Crohn
* Monica Altomonte
* Salvatore Baccaro as Spirito Santo's Men
* Pietro Ceccarelli
* Pasquale Coletta
* Maria D'Incoronato
* Gildo Di Marco as Spirito Santo's Men
* Evi Farinelli as Wendy
* Lina Ferri
* Dada Gallotti as May
* Mario Gas
* Italo Guitto
* Gianclaudio Jabes as Spirito Santo's Men
* Carla Mancini
* Furio Meniconi
* Ricardo Moyán as Drunk
* César Ojinaga as Soldier
* José Palomo as Fight Spectator
* Riccardo Petrazzi
* Mimmo Poli as Barman
* Gianni Pulone
* Moisés Augusto Rocha as Boxing coach
* Thomas Rudy as Lieutenant
* Claudio Ruffini as Poker Player
* Amerigo Santarelli as Spirito Santo's Men
* Maurizio Tocchi
* Juan Torres as Esteban
* Fredy Unger as Cpt. Ortega
* Ettore Arena as Soldier
* Mario Dardanelli as Soldier
* Roberto Dell'Acqua as Card Player
* Alberigo Donadeo as Soldier of General Ubarte
* Marcello Meconizzi as Ubarte Soldier
# Urtext (biblical studies)

In biblical studies, the Urtext is the theorized original, uniform text of the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh), preceding both the Septuagint (LXX) and the Masoretic Text (MT). Since the 19th century there has been much scholarly work to regain this Urtext. The theory that there was an Urtext was advocated by Paul de Lagarde. Today it is disputed that there ever was such a uniform text.
# Islamic Foundation North

The Islamic Foundation North is a mosque located in Waukegan, Libertyville Lake County, in the state of Illinois, in the United States. Its current building was built in 2004.
The organization was established in 1977 to serve the needs of the Muslim community of Chicago's northern suburbs. The current structure was completed in 2004. The imam and resident scholar of the mosque is Azfar Uddin.
The mosque is not affiliated with the Islamic Foundation in Villa Park.
# Radhika Fox

Radhika Fox is an American government official who served as the assistant administrator for water at the Environmental Protection Agency from 2021 to 2024.

## Education

Fox received her Bachelor of Arts degree from Columbia University in 1995, where she majored in philosophy and religion, and a master's in city and urban planning from the University of California, Berkeley.

## Career

She directed policy and government affairs for the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission and served as the federal policy director at PolicyLink before joining the US Water Alliance, where she was CEO from 2015 to 2021. and concurrently worked as the director of the Value of Water Coalition.

### Biden administration

On January 20, 2021, Fox was appointed by President Biden to the position of assistant administrator for water at the Environmental Protection Agency. She was confirmed by the United States Senate on June 16, 2021, by a vote of 55–43.
Fox resigned her position in February 2024.

## Personal life

Fox is of Indian American descent. Her grandmother lived in the Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh, where Fox lived while her parents completed training in the United States.
# GPT-J

GPT-J or GPT-J-6B is an open-source large language model (LLM) developed by EleutherAI in 2021. As the name suggests, it is a generative pre-trained transformer model designed to produce human-like text that continues from a prompt. The optional "6B" in the name refers to the fact that it has 6 billion parameters. The model is available on GitHub, but the web interface no longer communicates with the model. Development stopped in 2021.

## Architecture

GPT-J is a GPT-3-like model with 6 billion parameters. Like GPT-3, it is an autoregressive, decoder-only transformer model designed to solve natural language processing (NLP) tasks by predicting how a piece of text will continue.
Its architecture differs from GPT-3 in three main ways.
* The attention and feedforward neural network were computed in parallel during training, allowing for greater efficiency.
* The GPT-J model uses rotary position embeddings, which has been found to be a superior method of injecting positional information into transformers.
* GPT-J uses dense attention instead of efficient sparse attention, as used in GPT-3.
Beyond that, the model has 28 transformer layers and 16 attention heads. Its vocabulary size is 50257 tokens, the same size as GPT-2's. It has a context window size of 2048 tokens.
It was trained on the Pile dataset, using the Mesh Transformer JAX library in JAX to handle the parallelization scheme.

## Performance

GPT-J was designed to generate English text from a prompt. It was not designed for translating or generating text in other languages or for performance without first fine-tuning the model for a specific task. Nonetheless, GPT-J performs reasonably well even without fine-tuning, even in translation (at least from English to French).
When neither is fine-tuned, GPT-J-6B performs almost as well as the 6.7 billion parameter GPT-3 (Curie) on a variety of tasks. It even outperforms the 175 billion parameter GPT-3 (Davinci) on code generation tasks. With fine-tuning, it outperforms an untuned GPT-3 (Davinci) on a number of tasks.
Like all LLMs, it is not programmed to give factually accurate information, only to generate text based on probability.

## Applications

The untuned GPT-J is available on EleutherAI's website, NVIDIA's Triton Inference Server, and NLP Cloud's website. Cerebras and Amazon Web Services offer services to fine-tune the GPT-J model for company-specific tasks. Graphcore offers both fine-tuning and hosting services for the untuned GPT-J, as well as offering to host the fine-tuned models after they are produced. CoreWeave offers hosting services for both the untuned GPT-J and fine-tuned variants.
In March 2023, Databricks released Dolly, an Apache-licensed, instruction-following model created by fine-tuning GPT-J on the Stanford Alpaca dataset. NovelAI's Sigurd and Genji-JP 6B models are both fine-tuned versions of GPT-J. They also offer further fine-tuning services to produce and host custom models.
EleutherAI has received praise from Cerebras, GPT-3 Demo, NLP Cloud, and Databricks for making the model open-source, and its open-source status is often cited as a major advantage when choosing which model to use.
# Tony Saint

Antony David Saint (born 1968, west Northumberland, England) is an English novelist, playwright and screenwriter.

## Early life

He had contact with the theatre through the People's Theatre in Heaton. Whilst at university he was guitarist in a rock band The Little Caesars. In 1993, he joined the UK Immigration Service where he worked for ten years. He later wrote a book, Refusal Shoes, based on this experience.

## Career

His credits include 2009's Micro Men (about the men and development stories behind the BBC and Sinclair home computers), the 2008 The Long Walk to Finchley (on the early career of Margaret Thatcher), and one episode of The Whistleblowers in 2007 for ITV. He also wrote the 2006 TV play Service. In 2012 he wrote The Interceptor, which was broadcast on BBC One.
He wrote on the Das Boot television series, which acts as a sequel to the original film.

## Personal life

He was married in April 1998 in Northumberland.

## Publications

* Refusal Shoes ISBN 1-85242-773-6, July 2003 (all published by Serpent's Tail)
* Blag ISBN 1-85242-844-9, 2004
* The ASBO Show ISBN 1-85242-920-8, 2007
# Harry Grant (footballer)

Harry Edward Grant (born 31 December 1993) is an English footballer who plays for Ascot United as a midfielder.

## Playing career

Grant is a former professional footballer who played as a central midfielder. He began his football career at Swindon Town, where he was named captain of the youth team.
Grant's professional career began in June 2012, when he signed a two-year contract with Sheffield Wednesday, under the management of Dave Jones . During his time with the club, Grant played for the Sheffield Wednesday Development Squad in the U21 Development League, where he scored 13 goals in 24 games in the 2012-2013 season.
In March 2013, Grant was loaned out to Gillingham, where he made his debut for the club on 27 April 2013. He played 70 minutes in their title-winning game against Burton Albion at the Pirelli Stadium.
Grant was then loaned out to Maidenhead United, where he made a promising start by scoring the winning goal on his debut in the fourth round of the 2013–14 FA Trophy. He ended his loan spell with a return of twelve goals in 37 appearances, which helped the team avoid relegation.
Grant then moved on to play for Bromley in the 2014-15 season, where he made 21 appearances. He was then loaned out to Farnborough for the remainder of the season, where he scored 10 goals in 32 appearances.
Grant went on to play for Hayes & Yeading United and Chippenham Town before joining Thatcham Town. As well as securing victory in the 2017-18 FA Vase at Wembley Stadium, Grant played a key role in Thatcham Town's win of the 2017–18 Hellenic Football League in the same season.
In June 2022, Grant joined Ascot United. He played a vital role, in a historic season, for the club securing the 2022–23 Combined Counties Football League title with a record-breaking 102 points as well winning the 2022-23 FA Vase at Wembley Stadium.

## Honours

Gillingham
* Football League Two: 2012–13
Bromley
* National League South: 2014–15 Football Conference
Thatcham Town
* 2017-18 FA Vase
* 2017–18 Hellenic Football League
Ascot United
* 2022-23 Combined Counties Football League
* 2022-23 FA Vase