OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Al Gomhuria

Al Gomhuria (Arabic: الجمهورية; English: The Republic) is an influential state-owned Egyptian Arabic language daily newspaper.

## History and profile

Al Gomhuria was established in 1954 following the Egyptian revolution and became the new regime's leading media outlet. The paper was published using the facilities of Wafd party's newspaper Al Misri, which had been banned and forced to shut down by the regime. Anwar Sadat became the editor of the daily. The publisher of the paper is Dar Al Tahrir which was founded following the 1952 revolution. However, Al Gomhuria could not completely achieved the goals set by Gamal Abdel Nasser.
The circulation of the daily in 2000 was 400,000 copies.
Samir Ragab served as the chairman of the board and the editor in chief of the daily. In August 2012, Gamal Abdel Rahim was appointed editor-in-chief of the paper by the Egyptian Shura Council. However, he was fired in October 2012 and Al Sayed Al Bably was named as the editor-in-chief in November.
Dar Al Tahrir publishing house also owns the following:
* Al Ray Lel Shaab (weekly newspaper)
* Al Messa (evening newspaper)
* Al Kora wal Malaeb (sports)
* Shashaty (entertainment)
* Aqidaty (Islamic)
The group also publishes:
* Egyptian Gazette (English)
* Le Progrès Egyptien (French)

## Notable editors

* Siham Bayyumi
* Ebrahim Nafae
* Anwar Sadat (1955–1956)
* Mahmoud Salem
# Surinamese Dutch

Surinamese Dutch (Surinaams-Nederlands, pronounced), also known as Surinaams is the form of Dutch spoken in Suriname and is the official language in Suriname, a former colony of the Netherlands. Dutch is spoken as a native language by about 80% of the population, most of them being bilingual with Sranan Tongo, Hindi, Javanese, and other languages. Nevertheless, Dutch is the country's sole official language. Surinamese Dutch is easily intelligible with other forms of Dutch. Furthermore, as opposed to other languages that have different forms in the Americas (e.g., American English vs. British English) the regulation and thus standardised spelling of the Dutch language is done through a joint Dutch–Belgian–Surinamese organization, the Dutch Language Union, and thus has no regional differences regarding spelling. Suriname has been an associate member of this Nederlandse Taalunie since 2004. Therefore, many typical Surinamese words were added to the official Wordlist of Standard Dutch, known as "the Green Booklet" (Groene Boekje).
Surinamese Dutch is generally easily distinguishable from other standardized forms of Dutch due to the accent and some loanwords adopted from other languages spoken in Suriname.

## History

Dutch was introduced in what is now Suriname when Paramaribo and its environs became a Dutch colony. The remainder of Suriname, however, remained in British hands. Only after the Dutch had lost New Netherland (now New York) to the British did they in exchange receive the rest of Suriname. Then, Dutch became the language of communication between Native Surinamese, African slaves, and the Dutch colonial administration. In 1876, the language also became official in the Surinamese education system, and new immigrants from British India and the Dutch East Indies also picked up the language. The immigrants also added features to spoken Dutch that are not present in the original European variants of Dutch.

## Phonology

In Surinamese Dutch, the voiced fricatives /v, z, ɣ/ have completely merged into the voiceless fricatives /f, s, x/.
# Monabbih district

Monabbih District is a district of the Sa'dah Governorate, Yemen. As of 2003, the district had a population of 51,823 inhabitants.
# Martin Fronc

Martin Fronc (born 28 November 1947) is a Slovak politician and former Minister of Education of Slovakia. He studied at Comenius University in Bratislava at Faculty of natural sciences. His studies were focused on mathematics. His academic career continued at University of Transport and Communications in Žilina where achieved several academic titles. He entered politics in 1989 as a member of Christian Democratic Movement and after elections in 2002 he became Minister of Education of Slovakia. Martin Fronc is married and he has three children.
# Darina Gabániová

Darina Gabániová (born 20 August 1955) is a Slovak dentist and politician. She served as a member of the National Council in 2002–2020 in the caucus of the Direction – Slovak Social Democracy party.
Gabániová graduated in dentistry from Comenius University in 1978 and later practiced in Košice. Since 1990, she has been teaching dentistry at the Comenius University.
Despite being a long-term member of parliament, Gabániová kept a low profile. In 2015, she was accused of opposition leaders Miroslav Beblavý and Igor Matovič of ties to the oligarch Juraj Široký. She defended the connection by claiming the businessman's family has standard European values.
# Ľubomír Galko

Ľubomír Galko (Slovak pronunciation:; born 14 February 1968) is a Slovakia politician. He has served as a Member of the National Council of Slovakia since 2023, having previously served as an MP from 2011 to 2020. Galko served as the Minister of Defence of Slovakia between 2010 and 2011.

## Early life

Galko was born on 14 February 1968 in the village of Klieština in Považská Bystrica District. He studied at the Mathematics and Physics Faculty of the Comenius University in Bratislava from 1986 to 1991. Galko lives in Stupava, a town near Bratislava.

## Political career

Galko was among the founders of the Freedom and Solidarity (SaS) party, being one of the first vice-chairmen of the party. However, after an intra-party struggle in 2019, resulting in Galko losing his position on the party leadership, he left SaS for the Democratic Party. Despite this, Galko's new party was not successful, winning only 0.14% of votes in the 2020 Slovak parliamentary election. Galko left the Democratic Party and joined OĽaNO in 2023, where he regained his parliamentary seat in the 2023 Slovak parliamentary election. He left OĽaNO to join Democrats in 2024, becoming its sole MP.
# Haeterius ferrugineus

Haeterius ferrugineus is a beetle belonging to the Histeridae family.
# Eva Horváthová

Eva Horváthová (née Eva Mitterpachová, born 29 December 1974) is a Slovak physician and politician. She has served as a Member of the National Council for the Ordinary People and Independent Personalities party since 2012.
Horváthová teaches at the Slovak Medical University.
Horváthová is married and has three children.
# Leucadendron globosum

Leucadendron globosum, the Grabouw conebush, is a flower-bearing shrub belonging to the genus Leucadendron. It forms part of the fynbos biome. The plant is native to the Western Cape, South Africa.

## Description

The shrub grows 2 m (6.6 ft) tall and flowers from September to October. The plant dies after a fire but the seeds survive. The seeds are stored in a toll on the female plant and fall two months after flowers are formed from the toll to the ground. The plant is unisexual and there are separate plants with male and female flowers, which are pollinated by insects.
In Afrikaans, it is known as Grabouwtolbos.

## Distribution and habitat

The plant occurs from Grabouw to Houhoek Pass in the Elgin valley. It grows in loamy soil on style, at southern slopes at altitudes of 220–300 m (720–980 ft).
# Utility helicopter

A utility helicopter is a multi-purpose helicopter capable of pursuing a wide array of tasks. They have proven useful in both civilian and military operations, with versatility being their defining trait.

## Civil

Helicopters play a crucial role in various aspects of civilian safety. Police and fire rescue aircraft demonstrate exceptional versatility across a broad spectrum of tasks. Common applications for civilian utility include traffic surveillance, medical evacuations, news coverage, and search and rescue missions. Recently, usage has been extended to air evacuations, air and water pollution control, emergency cargo transportation (including blood, organs, and special equipment), and as helitankers in aerial firefighting.
Traditionally, helicopters with three placed reciprocating engines, such as the 47G Series and the Hughes 300C were the primary choices for civilian use. However, the preference has been shifted towards turbine engines. The FH-100 and the Bell 206A JetRanger are examples of turbine engine helicopters which have proven to be more effective in operational scenarios.
The arising issue with civilian use helicopters is the price tag of the turbine engine helicopters. With initial cost being around $100,000, difficulties are posed when budgeting for the necessary modifications. Such modifications include night vision capabilities, infrared, and radar.

## Military

In military terms, a utility helicopter is an aircraft designed to transport troops, but is versatile in performing various combat roles. These tasks include command and control, logistics, casualty evacuation, and fire support. The defining characteristics of these helicopters are lightweight frames capable of quick maneuvers, and space, for transporting troops and cargo. Common types of cargo include ammunition, weapons, and food.
These aircraft play a crucial role in military operations by providing defensive capabilities in scenarios of evacuation and cargo transportation, as well as offensive roles in fire support and surveillance. Their ability to adapt to different mission requirements contribute significantly to the success of military objectives.
# Why'd You Lie to Me

"Why'd You Lie to Me" is a song by American singer Anastacia from her second studio album, Freak of Nature (2001). Written by Anastacia, Damon Sharpe, Greg Lawson, Trey Parker, Damon Butler, and Canela Cox, the song first appeared on the US edition of Anastacia's debut album Not That Kind in March 2001. It was released as the third single from Freak of Nature on September 9, 2002, by Daylight Records and Epic Records. In the United States, the track served as the album's second single.

## Critical reception

With a positive review, James Salmon from Yahoo! Music said: "Just when you think she's about to grind to an insipid halt, she snaps out of it with good old fashioned pop rants against the male species ('Why'd You Lie To Me')." Jose Promis from Allmusic compared it to a "Destiny's Child-sounding".

## Music video

Directed by Mike Lipscombe and produced by Michael J. Pierce, the music video for "Why'd You Lie to Me" was shot at Raleigh Studios in Los Angeles on July 6–7, 2002. It was later included on Anastacia's first music DVD, The Video Collection. The video is notable for being the first to show the singer without her trademark glasses. Choreography was done by Tina Landon. In June 2010, Anastacia confirmed in her last tour she films a new alternative video of this single and a new music video of "I Thought I Told You That".

## Cover versions and media appearances

The song was covered by Operación Triunfo series six finalist Noelia. She sang the song live on May 27, 2008, when the gala show took place. She was nominated by the panel for eviction, but was saved by the teachers. The song is also used as the fanfare to introduce "The Lie of the Day" segment on The Laura Ingraham Radio Show.

## Charts

| Chart (2002—2003) | Peak position |
| Australia (ARIA) | 66 |
| Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40) | 37 |
| Belgium (Ultratip Bubbling Under Flanders) | 2 |
| Belgium (Ultratip Bubbling Under Wallonia) | 8 |
| Croatia (HRT) | 7 |
| European Hot 100 Singles (Music & Media) | 56 |
| Finland (Suomen virallinen lista) | 19 |
| Germany (GfK) | 55 |
| Hungary (Rádiós Top 40) | 34 |
| Hungary (Single Top 40) | 18 |
| Ireland (IRMA) | 35 |
| Italy (FIMI) | 31 |
| Netherlands (Dutch Top 40) | 13 |
| Netherlands (Single Top 100) | 48 |
| Romania (Romanian Top 100) | 12 |
| Scotland (OCC) | 30 |
| Sweden (Sverigetopplistan) | 25 |
| Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade) | 39 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 25 |

## Release history

Release dates and formats for "Why'd You Lie to Me" :
| Region | Date | Format(s) | Label(s) |
| Germany | September 9, 2002 | 12-inch vinylCDmaxi CD | Sony Music |
| United Kingdom | September 9, 2002 | Cassettemaxi CD | RCA |
| United States | September 23, 2002 | Adult contemporary radio | DaylightEpic |
| Australia | September 30, 2002 | Maxi CD | Sony Music |
# Kurobe Cable Car

The Kurobe Cable Car (黒部ケーブルカー, Kurobe Kēburukā), officially the Cable Line (鋼索線, Kōsaku-sen), is a Japanese funicular line in Tateyama, Toyama, operated by Tateyama Kurobe Kankō. The company also operates another funicular with the same official name. The line is a part of Tateyama Kurobe Alpine Route. The line goes entirely under a tunnel to protect it from snow. It opened in 1969.

## Basic data

* Distance: 0.8 km (0.5 mi)
* Gauge: 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in)
* Stations: 2
* Vertical interval: 373 m (1,224 ft)
# Karen E. Keller

Karen E. Keller served as the personal secretary to United States President George W. Bush from 2005 to 2009 and is the current Director of Special Events and Protocol for the Smithsonian Institution.

## Early life and career

Born and raised in Washington, D.C., Keller received her Bachelor of Arts in English from Towson University. She worked for 10 years with Burson-Marsteller and then became deputy CEO of the Republican National Convention. Keller went on to serve as special assistant to the director of the Office of Management and Budget, and simultaneously served as the director of administration for the 55th United States presidential inaugural committee.
In 2005, Keller was tapped to serve as Special Assistant to the President and Personal Secretary with a starting annual salary of $92,100. Keller was described by GQ as "glamorous."

## Post-secretarial career

After leaving the White House in January 2009, Keller became the director of Programs and Events for Meridian International Center.
In 2011, Keller was named as Director of Special Events and Protocol for the Smithsonian Institution. In this senior administrative role, Keller oversees the office that is responsible for planning, programming and managing the Institution’s major special events, including museum and exhibition openings, fundraising galas, dignitary and head-of-state visits, board meetings, conferences and symposia. An amateur photographer, Keller placed third in the juried photography exhibition, A Unique Lens: Photographs from the Smithsonian Family at the S. Dillon Ripley Center.
Keller has been a guest presenter at the George W. Bush Presidential Center about the Oval Office.
# Châtres-la-Forêt

Châtres-la-Forêt (French pronunciation:) is a former commune in the Mayenne department in north-western France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the commune Évron.
# Michael Færk Christensen

Michael Færk Christensen (born 14 February 1986 in Hobro) is a Danish professional racing cyclist.

## Major results

| Date | Placing | Event | Competition | Location | Country |
| 27 March 2008 | | Team pursuit | World Championships | Manchester | United Kingdom |
| 18 August 2008 | | Team pursuit | Olympic Games | Beijing | China |
| 1 November 2008 | 2 | Team pursuit | World Cup | Manchester | United Kingdom |
| 14 February 2009 | 3 | Team pursuit | World Cup | Ballerup | Denmark |
| 27 March 2009 | | Team pursuit | World Championships | Pruszków | Poland |
* ↑ The other riders on the squad were Casper Jørgensen, Jens-Erik Madsen and Alex Rasmussen
* ↑ Christensen took part in the qualifying round only. The other riders on the squad were Casper Jørgensen, Jens-Erik Madsen, Michael Mørkøv and Alex Rasmussen
* ↑ The other riders on the squad were Casper Jørgensen, Daniel Kreutzfeldt and Jens-Erik Madsen
* ↑ The other riders on the squad were Niki Byrgesen, Daniel Kreutzfeldt and Jens-Erik Madsen
* ↑ Christensen took part in the final round only. The other riders on the squad were Casper Jørgensen, Jens-Erik Madsen, Alex Rasmussen and in the qualifying round only Michael Mørkøv
# Mayfa'a district

Mayfa'a District is a district of the Shabwah Governorate in Yemen. As of 2003, the district had a population of 41,597 inhabitants.
# Leucadendron gydoense

Leucadendron gydoense, the Gydo conebush, is a flower-bearing shrub that belongs to the genus Leucadendron and forms part of the fynbos. The plant is native to the Western Cape, South Africa.

## Description

The shrub grows 2 m (6.6 ft) tall and flowers in October. The plant dies in a fire but the seeds survive. The seeds are stored in a toll on the female plant and fall to the ground after a fire and are spread by the wind. The plant is unisexual and there are separate plants with male and female flowers.
In Afrikaans, it is known as Gydo-tolbos.

## Distribution and habitat

The plant occurs in the Kouebokkeveld and Hex River Mountains.
# As Sawm district

As Sawm District (Arabic: مديرية السوم) is a district of the Hadhramaut Governorate, Yemen. As of 2021, the district had a population of 19,842 people.
# As Sudah district

As Sudah District (Arabic: مديرية السوده) is a district of the 'Amran Governorate, Yemen. As of 2003, the district had a population of 32,169 inhabitants.
# Topknot

Topknot may refer to:
* A hairstyle or haircut, historically prevalent in Asia:
** Chonmage, a traditional Japanese haircut worn by men
** Sangtu (상투), a Korean topknot
** Touji (頭髻), a traditional Chinese hairstyle which involves tying all hair into a bun, worn from earliest times up to the end of the Ming Dynasty and still worn by Taoist priests and practitioners
** Shikha, worn by orthodox Hindu priests
** joora, worn by Sikh men
** Khokhol, oseledets traditional Ukrainian haircut
** The Suebian knot, is a historical male hairstyle ascribed to the tribe of the Germanic Suebi
** Tikitiki, a top-knot worn by high-ranking Māori men
** Sidelock of youth worn by pharaonic children in Middle-Kingdom Egypt, indicating association with the child Horus
** Man bun, a modern Western style of topknot influenced by the Asian style, a trend beginning in the 2010s
* Several species of fish:
** The New Zealand topknot, Notoclinus fenestratus
** The Norwegian topknot, Phrynorhombus norvegicus
** The Brown topknot, Notoclinus compressus
** Several species in the genus Zeugopterus
* Topknot pigeon, Lopholaimus antarcticus
# Bani Hushaysh district

Bani Hushaysh District is a district in Sana'a Governorate, Yemen. As of 2003, the district had a population of 73,957 inhabitants. It's also famous for grape plantations.
# Dzhafar Kostoev

Dzhafar Beslanovich Kostoev (Russian: Джафар Бесланович Костоев, born 28 April 1999) is a Russian judoka who represents the United Arab Emirates on the international circuit. 2024 Olympian. 2018 Russian national champion. 2022 Asian champion.

## Sport career

Kostoev started judo at the age of six under his first coach Ruslan Aksagov in Nazran, Ingushetia. Dzhafar has won distinction in international competition. He won three Cadet European cups in 2016, also he won the gold medal at the 2016 European Cadet Judo Championships at ‍–‍90 kg. In September 2017, he finished at the third place at the Kanō Jigorō international held in Vladivostok. In 2018, he won the senior Russian National Championships. Since 2022 he started representing United Arab Emirates and took the gold medal from the Asian Championships at 100 kg. In 2023, he earned silver medals at the Grand Slam Paris and Grand Slam Astana as well as bronze medal at the Grand Slam Tashkent. At the 2024 Summer Olympics he finished in the 9th place.

## Achievements

* 2016 Cadet European Championships
* 2017 Kanō Jigorō tournament
* 2018 Russian National Championships
* 2022 Asian Championships
* 2023 Grand Slam Paris
* 2023 Grand Slam Tashkent
* 2023 Grand Slam Astana
# Walter Newton

Walter Hughes Newton (October 10, 1880 – August 10, 1941) was a United States Representative from Minnesota who also served in the Herbert Hoover administration as Secretary to the President.

## Early life and career

Newton was born in Minneapolis, Hennepin County, Minnesota; attended the public schools and was graduated from the law department of the University of Minnesota at Minneapolis in 1905; was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced practice in Minneapolis, Minnesota; first assistant prosecuting attorney of Hennepin County 1914 – 1918;

## Congress

Newton was elected as a Republican to the 66th, 67th, 68th, 69th, 70th, and 71st congresses. He served from March 4, 1919, until his resignation on June 30, 1929.
Congress in 1928 and 1929 adopted what was known as the "Newton Bill," to divide the jurisdiction of the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals, creating the Tenth Circuit, which sits in Denver. This was the first change in the geography of the federal courts since the present system of courts of appeals was created in 1891. The enormous Eighth Circuit had encompassed all the territory from the Mississippi (except Texas and part of Louisiana) almost to the states of the West Coast. Congressman Newton's plan resolved multiple disputes among the American Bar Association, the courts, and both Houses. Newton's solution was to divide the states along a North/South boundary, creating the Tenth Circuit as encompassing Oklahoma, Colorado, Wyoming, Utah and New Mexico, thereby leaving a somewhat unified grouping of Eighth Circuit states sharing the Mississippi/Missouri river system, from Minnesota and the Dakotas to Arkansas. The likeliest pre-Newton plan would have divided the circuit along a boundary from East to West.

## After Congress

Newton left Congress upon his appointment as personal secretary to President Herbert Hoover. He served in that capacity until March 3, 1933; regent of the Smithsonian Institution; appointed a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank Board by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1933 and served until 1934 when he resumed the practice of law in Minneapolis, Minnesota; also engaged as an author; unsuccessful candidate for election in 1936 to the 75th Congress; appointed Federal Referee in Bankruptcy in 1938 and served until his death in Minneapolis, Minnesota, August 10, 1941; interment in Lakewood Cemetery.

## Sources

* United States Congress. "Walter Newton (id: N000079)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
# Niklas Laustsen

Niklas Laustsen (born 30 August 1992 in Hadsund) is a Danish male BMX rider, representing his nation at international competitions. He competed in the time trial event at the 2015 UCI BMX World Championships.