OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Reality Is Not What It Seems

Reality Is Not What It Seems: The Journey to Quantum Gravity (Italian: La realtà non è come ci appare. La struttura elementare delle cose) is an illustrated book by Italian physicist Carlo Rovelli. The book discusses quantum gravity. It was first published in Italian in 2014 (before the author's best-seller Seven Brief Lessons on Physics). It was published in English in 2016 by which time the English translation of Seven Brief Lessons had already appeared.

## Structure

The book's opening chapters trace the history and evolution of quantum gravity. Starting with pre-socratic philosopher Democritus through to the ideas of Sir Isaac Newton and, eventually, Albert Einstein, Rovelli puts forward a theory that quantum gravity brings great unity to the universe. Rovelli then states that space and time, waves and particles, energy and matter are all the same. Rovelli then seeks to disprove the concepts of continuity and infinity.
# Longview–Marshall combined statistical area

The Longview–Marshall Combined Statistical Area covered four counties in Northeast Texas. The statistical area consists of the Longview Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Marshall Micropolitan Statistical Area. Prior to 2003, the area was known as the Longview–Marshall Metropolitan Statistical Area, which consisted of Gregg, Harrison, Rusk, and Upshur counties. As of the 2000 census, the CSA had a population of 256,152 (though a July 1, 2009 estimate placed the population at 271,669). In 2023, the Marshall micropolitan area was removed, and Harrison County was combined into the Longview metropolitan area.

## Counties

* Gregg
* Harrison
* Rusk
* Upshur

## Communities
### Places with more than 50,000 people

* Longview (Principal city)

### Places with 10,000 to 25,000 people

* Henderson
* Kilgore
* Marshall (Principal city)

### Places with 1,000 to 10,000 people

* Big Sandy
* Gilmer
* Gladewater
* Hallsville
* Ore City
* Overton (partial)
* Tatum (partial)
* Waskom
* White Oak

### Places with 500 to 1,000 people

* Clarksville City
* East Mountain
* Easton
* Lakeport
* Mount Enterprise
* New London

### Places with fewer than 500 people

* Nesbitt
* Reklaw (partial)
* Scottsville
* Uncertain
* Union Grove
* Warren City

### Unincorporated places

* Concord
* Diana
* Elderville
* Elysian Fields
* Gill
* Harleton
* Joinerville
* Jonesville
* Judson
* Karnack
* Laird Hill
* Laneville
* Latex
* Leverett's Chapel
* Liberty City
* Price
* Selman City
* Turnertown
* Woodlawn

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 256,152 people, 96,428 households, and 69,372 families residing within the CSA. The racial makeup of the CSA was 74.65% White, 19.41% African American, 0.46% Native American, 0.44% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 3.74% from other races, and 1.27% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.37% of the population.
The median income for a household in the CSA was $33,693 and the median income for a family was $40,443. Males had a median income of $31,952 versus $20,656 for females. The per capita income for the CSA was $17,046.
# Ettore Musco

Ettore Musco (14 February 1889 – 2 September 1990) was an Italian general, head of the SIFAR from 1952 to 1955.

## Biography

He was born into an ancient noble family hailing from Calabria, the Barons Musco, who had settled in Caulonia since the first half of the 16th century; among his ancestors were philosopher Gaetano Filangieri and Bourbon general Carlo Filangieri. After attending the Nunziatella Military School in Naples from 1914 to 1917, on 5 June 1917 he volunteered for the Royal Italian Army in the First World War, where he was wounded on the Western front and awarded a Silver Medal of Military Valor and a War Cross for Military Valor. He then continued his career in the Army and in 1936 he volunteered for the Second Italo-Ethiopian War, where he was awarded another Silver and a Bronze Medal of Military Valor as well as a further War Cross for Military Valor.
During the Second World War, with the rank of lieutenant colonel, he was chief of staff of the 13th Infantry Division Re, fighting in Croatia and later transferred to Rome. Following the Armistice of Cassibile and the German occupation of Italy, he joined the Clandestine Military Front until the liberation of Rome, after which he rejoined the Italian Co-belligerent Army where he reorganized and commanded the 21st Infantry Regiment of the "Cremona" Combat Group. He was seriously wounded during the Italian campaign and awarded the Knight's Cross of the Military Order of Italy by the Italian government, and the Legion of Merit by the United States government.
In 1946 Musco, having been promoted to colonel, was entrusted with the reorganization of the intelligence services of the newly established Italian Republic. In 1947, he founded the Armata Italiana della Libertà (Italian Army of Liberty), a secret anti-Communist organization founded in 1947 which later provided the framework for Operation Gladio.
After promotion to brigadier general, Musco led the Italian military secret service, the SIFAR, from 1952 to December 1955, when he was replaced by Giovanni De Lorenzo on the recommendation of the President of the Republic Giovanni Gronchi, and despite the contrary opinion of Musco himself. He was then promoted to major general and given command of the Mechanized Division "Folgore". In 1958 he was promoted to lieutenant general, and in 1959, he was appointed commander-designate of the Third Army. In 1963 he retired from the Army and was awarded the honor of Knight of the Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic by President Antonio Segni.
A scholar of military problems, he was the author of several books of military history, including La verità sull’8 settembre 1943, published in 1976. He had six children. He died in Rome in 1990, at age 101.
# Jake Garrett

Jake Joseph Garrett (born 10 March 2003) is an English professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Tranmere Rovers on loan from EFL Championship club Blackburn Rovers.

## Club career

Having played for Merseyside clubs Liverpool and Everton, Garrett joined Blackburn Rovers's academy at the age of nine. He signed his first professional contract in March 2020.
Garrett featured for Blackburn in the 2021–22 pre-season, but was unable to break into the first team that year. He again featured in pre-season in July 2022, and there was interest from clubs to sign him on loan. However, he stayed with Blackburn Rovers, and made his professional debut in an EFL Cup tie against Bradford City in August 2022. He went on to make his Championship debut in October of the same year, in a 2–0 win over Sunderland. Following his league debut, manager Jon Dahl Tomasson heaped praise onto Garrett, particularly praising his development since the beginning of the season.
In March 2023, Garrett signed a new four-and-a-half year contract with Rovers, talking of his aims to help the club return to the Premier League.
He scored his first goal for Blackburn in a 4–3 win over Walsall in the EFL Cup on 8 August 2023. He was named as Blackburn's Young Player of the Year for the 2023–24 season.
On 3 August 2024, Garrett joined League One side Bristol Rovers on a season-long loan deal. Having struggled for gametime across the first-half of the season, he was recalled on 3 January 2025. Before the end of the transfer window, he returned out on loan, joining League Two side Tranmere Rovers for the remainder of the season.

## International career

Garrett has represented England at under-15 and under-16 level.

## Career statistics

    As of 31 January 2025
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | FA Cup | FA Cup | EFL Cup | EFL Cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Blackburn Rovers | 2022–23 | Championship | 8 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 | — | — | 13 | 0 |
| Blackburn Rovers | 2023–24 | Championship | 21 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 3 | — | — | 28 | 4 |
| Blackburn Rovers | 2024–25 | Championship | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 |
| Blackburn Rovers | Total | Total | 29 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 41 | 4 |
| Bristol Rovers (loan) | 2024–25 | League One | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 11 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 36 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 8 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 49 | 4 |
* ↑ Appearance(s) in EFL Trophy

## Honours

Individual
* Blackburn Rovers Young Player of the Year: 2023–24
# Thomas Ruffin Jr.

Thomas Ruffin Jr. (September 21, 1824 – May 23, 1889) was a justice of the North Carolina Supreme Court from 1881 to 1883.
Born in Hillsborough, North Carolina, he was the fourth son of North Carolina Chief Justice Thomas Ruffin and Anne Kirkland Ruffin, and the grandson of state legislator Sterling Ruffin.
# 2019 Osaka 12th district by-election

A by-election for the Osaka 12th district in the Japanese House of Representatives was held on 21 April 2019. The by-election was called following the death of the incumbent member Tomokatsu Kitagawa, a member of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), from peritonitis on 26 December 2018. Kitagawa had served the district almost continuously since 2005 (except between 2009–12) and defended the seat by a narrow 4.4% margin in the 2017 election, making the seat a potential battleground. The by-election was held on the same day with the second round of the unified local elections and another House by-election for the Okinawa 3rd district.
The by-election was won by Nippon Ishin no Kai's Fujita Fumitake, marking a gain for the party.

## Candidates

* Shinji Tarutoko (Independent), former Minister for Internal Affairs and Communications and representative for the district.
* Shinpei Kitagawa (LDP), event organiser and nephew of Tomokatsu Kitagawa.
* Fumitake Fujita (Ishin), company president.
* Takeshi Miyamoto (Independent - JCP), former member of the House of Representatives.

## Results

House of Representatives: Osaka 12th district by-election, 2019 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Ishin | Fujita Fumitake | 60,341 | 38.5 | |
| | LDP | Shinpei Kitagawa | 47,025 | 30.0 | |
| | Independent | Shinji Tarutoko | 35,358 | 22.6 | |
| | JCP | Takeshi Miyamoto | 14,027 | 8.9 | |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 156,751 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | | 47.00 | −0.50 |
| | Ishin gain from LDP | Ishin gain from LDP | Swing | | |
# Cheung Pei Shan Road

Cheung Pei Shan Road (Chinese: 象鼻山路) is a road near Cheung Pei Shan [yue] in Tsuen Wan and Sheung Kwai Chung of Hong Kong. It links the north edge of town centre of Tsuen Wan New Town to Shing Mun, from Tsuen Kam Interchange with Route Twisk, Tai Ho Road North, Wai Tsuen Road and Texaco Road North to the entrance of the Shing Mun Tunnels. The road is part of Route 9. North of the road are resited villages from the old town of Tsuen Wan and Cheung Pei Shan; to its south are public housing estates: Lei Muk Shue Estate, Cheung Shan Estate and Shek Wai Kok Estate.

## History

Cheung Pei Shan Road was opened in July 1980 to provide access to Cheung Shan Estate and Shek Wai Kok Estate. At that time, the road was directly connected to Wo Yi Hop Road at its east end. In 1990, the Shing Mun Tunnels were completed, and the east end of Cheung Pei Shan Road was realigned to connect directly to the west entrance of the tunnels. Connection to Wo Yi Hop Road was cut.
In September 2001, construction was started on an extension of Cheung Pei Shan Road from Tsuen Kam Interchange to the Tsuen Wan end of Tuen Mun Road. This extension was opened on 8 February 2007, closing the gap of the New Territories Circular Road.

## Interchanges

Cheung Pei Shan Road :
| Westbound exits | Exit number | Eastbound exits |
| continues as Tuen Mun Road |||
| End Cheung Pei Shan Road | | Start Cheung Pei Shan Road |
| no exit | 24C | Tsuen Wan Castle Peak Road - Tsuen Wan |
| TSUEN KAM INTERCHANGE Kam Tin, Tsuen Wan Route Twisk, Texaco Road North, Wai Tsuen Road, Tai Ho Road North | 25 | TSUEN KAM INTERCHANGE Kam Tin, Tsuen Wan Route Twisk, Texaco Road North, Wai Tsuen Road, Tai Ho Road North |
| WO YI HOP INTERCHANGE Shing Mun, Kwai Chung Wo Yi Hop Road, Sam Tung Uk Road | 25A | no exit |
| Start Cheung Pei Shan Road | | End Cheung Pei Shan Road continues on as Shing Mun Tunnels |
# April 2019 Hpakant jade mine collapse

On 22 April 2019, a landslide triggered the collapse of a jade mine near Maw Wun Kalay, Hpakant, Kachin State, Myanmar, trapping at least 54 miners. The deaths of four miners were confirmed, along with the later deaths of two rescue workers. The remaining miners were presumed to have died.

## Collapse

At 23:30 MMT, a mud-filled pond at a jade mine in Hpakant collapsed. The mud and tailings in the pond buried miners below it in up to 30.5 metres of mud. At the time, the miners were asleep in their residences, which were located below the mine. The miners belonged to two different companies: Myanmar Thura and Shwe Nagar Koe Kaung, while the mine was operated by Unity Co. A photo taken some time before the mine collapse and posted on Facebook showed a large pool of water being formed above the miners, while the Myanmar Thura company mined against the earth under the water.

## Rescue efforts

Rescue efforts were started on 23 April, the morning after the collapse. The efforts were coordinated by the local government and welfare organizations. According to Tin Soe, a politician representing the area, removing the mud "could cost millions of dollars." He also said that "they [the miners buried under the landslide] won’t survive. It is not possible because they are buried under mud." Four bodies were recovered. The search for more miners was cancelled on 26 April, after another landslide killed two of the rescue workers.

## Reactions

In response to the collapse, the acting UN Resident Coordinator to Myanmar called on the country to implement new safety legislation to protect mine workers. The natural resource minister of Kachin said that he would take action against the mining companies involved in the incident, and said that he wanted mining companies to work to improve the safety of their mines. Following the collapse, the Lonekhin Jade Office carried out a survey on the safety of other jade mines in the region, reporting to the Myanmar government that other mining blocks in the area were also dangerous. In response, the Myanmar central government suspended operations in seventeen mine blocks in Hapakant, affecting eleven companies. None of the companies the miners worked for or who operated the mine were shut down or found at fault by the Myanmar government. The Myanma Gems Enterprise instead blamed the collapse on "the instability of the earth." Some of the families of the miners were compensated, with one family receiving approximately $30,000USD, more than the average compensation for the victims of other industrial accidents in Hpakant.
Reporters from Frontier Myanmar said that their investigation found that the collapse was preventable, and blamed it on policy failures under the current National League for Democracy and previous governments. All three of Myanmar Thura's mining licenses had expired in 2017, and the company had never been licensed to work in this mine.
In May, 2019, the government issued a three month ban on mining in Hpakant, to prevent a collapse during the monsoon season.
# Vladimir Batez

Vladimir Batez (Serbian Cyrillic: Владимир Батез; born 7 September 1969) is a Serbian politician and a retired volleyball player who competed for Yugoslavia in the 1996 Summer Olympics and in the 2000 Summer Olympics. He was the Provincial Secretary for Sports and Youth in the Government of Vojvodina from 2016 to 2020, serving under president Igor Mirović.

## Early life

Batez was born in Bijelo Polje, Montenegro, Yugoslavia.

## Career

In 1996, Batez was part of the Yugoslav team that won the bronze medal in the Olympic tournament. He played all eight matches.
Four years later, Batez won the gold medal with the Yugoslav team in the 2000 Olympic tournament. He played five matches.
# Antoine Carré (guitarist)

Antoine Carré was a baroque guitarist and composer. He published two books of guitar tablatures.

## Works

The first book is titled Livre de Guitarre Contenant Plusieurs Pièces...Avec la Manière de Toucher Sur la Partie ou Basse Continue, published in Paris in 1671 and is dedicated to the Princess Palatine.
The second book, Livre de Pièces de Guitarre de Musique... was also published in Paris (c. 1675, 1690 or 1720; but probably between 1675 and 1690).
# A Nova Democracia

A Nova Democracia (lit. 'The New Democracy'), also known by its acronym AND, is a Brazilian political newspaper founded in July 2002, in the Copacabana neighborhood, in the city of Rio de Janeiro. It has a printed and bimonthly circulation throughout the country and, in its digital version, it functions as a portal for daily political news and analysis. Its editorial line proclaims itself as democratic, popular, national and anti-imperialist. Because it has no ties to political parties and takes a radical stance towards institutionality, A Nova Democracia is also strongly associated with the movement to boycott elections.

## Content

It has dozens of thematic sections among its versions sold at newsstands and available on the internet, among which the following stand out: Struggle for Land, Indigenous Peoples, New Culture, Latin America, National Liberation Struggles, Political Prisoners, People's War and Agrarian Revolution. The latter have made the newspaper the main reference for information on the revolutionary processes underway by communist parties in India, Turkey, Peru and the Philippines, especially among the political left. It is also known for widely publicizing the actions of the peasant movement of the League of Poor Peasants in areas of agrarian conflict, and for covering rights violations in protests and in state actions, such as military incursions into favelas, especially in Rio de Janeiro, where it has become a reference in cyberactivism.
It also has a vast media production over almost two decades of existence, having even acted in literary and film productions, including short and feature films.

## Controversies

In October 2019, the publication was listed as the organizer of an event at the Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ) in which activists from social movements and intellectuals, including a representative of the League of Poor Peasants (LCP) and philosopher Vladimir Safatle, were said to have advocated a violent insurrection to confront the economic and political crisis in Brazil.
In August 2020, its headquarters, at the time in the São Cristóvão neighborhood, was targeted by a empastelamento along with two other periodicals from the left-wing political spectrum: the Ponte Jornalismo portal and the Diário da Causa Operária newspaper. While the latter two suffered virtual attacks, AND had part of its physical IT infrastructure destroyed.
# Balfour Declaration of 1926

The Balfour Declaration of 1926 was issued by the 1926 Imperial Conference of British Empire leaders in London. It was named after Arthur Balfour, who was Lord President of the Council. It declared the United Kingdom and the Dominions to be:
   ... autonomous Communities within the British Empire, equal in status, in no way subordinate one to another in any aspect of their domestic or external affairs, though united by a common allegiance to the Crown, and freely associated as members of the British Commonwealth of Nations.
The Inter-Imperial Relations Committee, chaired by Balfour, drew up the document preparatory to its unanimous approval by the imperial prime ministers on 15 November 1926. It was first proposed by South African Prime Minister J. B. M. Hertzog and Canadian Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King.
The declaration accepted the growing political and diplomatic independence of the Dominions in the years after World War I. It also recommended that the governors-general, the representatives of the King in each dominion, should no longer also serve automatically as the representative of the British government in diplomatic relations between the countries. In following years, high commissioners were gradually appointed, whose duties were soon recognised to be virtually identical to those of an ambassador. The first such British high commissioner was appointed to Canada in 1928.
The conclusions of the Imperial Conference of 1926 were re-stated by the 1930 conference and incorporated in the Statute of Westminster of December 1931. In the statute, the British Parliament provided that it would not enact a law which applied to a Dominion as part of the law of that Dominion, unless the law expressly stated that the Dominion government had requested and consented to the enactment of that law.
# List of monuments and memorials to veterinarians
## Monuments

* Monument to veterinarians, Lviv National Stepan Gzhytsky University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Ukraine
* Monument to veterinarians, Nakhichevan-on-Don neighborhood of Rostov-on-Don, Russia, 2014
* Monument to veterinarians, Saratov Veterinary Institute, Saratov, Russia
* Monument to a veterinarian, Vitebsk, Belarus, 2011
* United States Army Veterinary Corps centennial statue at the U.S. Army Medical Department Museum at Fort Sam Houston in San Antonio, 2016
* Military Working Dog Teams National Monument; The monument represents handlers, dogs, and veterinary support, from all military service branches (Army, Marines, Navy, Air Force, and Coast Guard) that have made up the Military Working Dog program since World War II.
* Among Wrocław Gnomes there is a figurine of gnome Roszek treating a dog, by the Veterinary Department of the Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences

### Monuments to individual veterinarians

* Monument to Claude Bourgelat, Lyon, France, 1876
* Monument to Henri Bouley; Media related to Statue d'Henri Bouley (Maisons-Alfort) at Wikimedia Commons
* Monument to Zemach Shabad, Vilnius, Lithuania, reflecting the fact that he was the prototype of "Doctor Aybolit", an animal doctor from a children's poem by Korney Chukovsky.
* Monuments to (fictional) Doctor Aybolit are installed in many Russian towns.

## Memorials

* Australian Army Veterinary Corps memorial
* Royal Army Veterinary Corps memorial
# Ashraf Gilani

Seyed Ashrafedin Hosseini Gilani (Persian: سید اشرف‌الدین حسینی گیلانی) (1870–1934) was a combatant poet in Iran's constitutional revolution and the editor of the Nasim-e-Shomal (English: Northern Breeze ), a short-lived newspaper that used poems and satire to comment on the political and social situation of Iran at the time.

## Early life and education

Ashrafedin born in 1870 in Qazvin. He lost his father when he was only six months old. His paternal heritage was usurped. This brought him and his family into extreme poverty.
Ashrafedin finished his elementary education in his home town then went to Najaf (Iraq) for religious education. He came back to Iran after five years and continued his studies there.
It was in 1906 while living in Rasht (north of Iran) that he got to know the leaders of the constitutional revolution and started publishing the weekly newspaper, Nasim-e Shomal.

## Constitutional Revolution

The revolution in 1906 was suppressed in its early stages. After the bombardment and dissolution of the parliament by Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar, Ashrafedin fled to Eshtehard, in the suburb of capital Tehran. A few months later when he returned to Rasht he became influenced by the leaders of the Social-Democrats of the Caucasus. This effect was later visible in the articles published in Nasim-e Shomal.

## Death

Ashrafedin was finally arrested for his anti government activities. The exact date of his arrest in unknown. As it was announced in his newspaper, Nasim-e Shomal, Ashrafedin died on 20 March 1934 in Tehran. He was buried in a cemetery near the city of Rey south of the capital Tehran. The Nasim-e Shomal did not last long after his death.