OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Killing Orders

Killing Orders: Talat Pasha's Telegrams and the Armenian Genocide (Turkish: Naim Efendi'nin Hatıratı ve Talat Paşa Telgrafları: Krikor Gergeryan Arşivi "Memoir of Naim Efendi and Talat Pasha Telegrams: Krikor Gergeryan Archive") is a 2016 book from Taner Akcam about the veracity of the primary source evidence of the Armenian genocide, particularly telegrams sent by Talaat Pasha. He addresses dismissal of the authenticity of evidence as a form of Armenian genocide denial. The original Turkish version was published in Istanbul by İletişim Yayınları. The English version, published by Palgrave Macmillan, came in 2018.
Akcam addresses claims made in a 1983 Turkish Historical Society book that Naim Effendi was not a real person; he obtained copies of the individual's memoirs to prove his existence.
Mark Mazower of The New York Review of Books wrote that Akcam's book is "less a conventional history than a kind of forensic exercise designed to lay to rest once and for all any dispute regarding the authenticity of the Naim-Andonian documents, and to demonstrate their importance in helping to understand the state structures that allowed the genocide to take place." Mazower stated that herefore it is "not an easy read".

## Content

Much of the content is on following claims and counterclaims in accusations of authenticity or lack thereof from recognition and denialist camps. Mazower stated "The reader feels rather like someone who has stumbled into a fiercely argued courtroom drama."
Akçam responded to Şinasi Orel and Süreyya Yuca's statements that The Memoirs of Naim Bey was fabricated and that Naim didn't exist. Orel and Yuca stated that the Ottomans used 4 and 5 digit encryption codes rather than the 2 and 3 ones used by the documents: Akçam stated that the memoirs are in fact real. He also stated that as the Turkish Armed Forces ATASE archive revealed a document with the signature of Naim, there was proof that Naim was real, and that the Ottoman archives in fact had 2 and 3 digit archival codes.
Akcam came upon photographs of the original telegram in New York, where they were in the possession of Armenian monk Krikor Guerguerian. This can be considered as the "smoking gun" evidence of the Armenian genocide, in which there is talk of deportation "without giving neither food, nor water", no mercy for "agony cries and despair", "deport the orphans, not build orphanages". Also for this reason Eric D. Weitz, a history professor at the City College of New York and an expert on the Armenian genocide, called Mr. Akcam "the Sherlock Holmes of Armenian genocide."
# 1915 in archaeology

Below are notable events in archaeology that occurred in 1915.

## Explorations

* Hiram Bingham III finishes his explorations of Machu Picchu, begun in 1911.

## Excavations

* R. E. Merwin leads Harvard University's Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology project at Lubaantun.
* Alfred V. Kidder (director of the Southwestern Expedition for Phillips Andover Academy) excavates Pecos Pueblo, New Mexico (ending 1927).
* Earl Halstead Morris excavates Twin Angels Pueblo.
* Nijmegen Helmet is found in the Netherlands.

## Publications

* Sylvanus Morley - An Introduction to the Study of Maya Hieroglyphs.

## Events

* 21 September - Cecil Chubb acquires Stonehenge at auction for £6600.
* The first of the 'Etruscan terracotta warriors', forged by sculptor Alfredo Fioravanti with the Riccardi family, is purchased by the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City.

## Births

* August 8 - María Rostworowski, Peruvian historian (died 2016).
* December 8 - Bernard Fagg, English archaeologist working in Nigeria (died 1987).
* December 28 - Martyn Jope, British archaeologist and biochemist (died 1996).
* Michael J. O'Kelly, Irish archaeologist (died 1982).

## Deaths

* February 23 - Theodore M. Davis, American Egyptological excavation sponsor (born 1837).
* May 10 - Gaston Cros, French army officer and archaeologist, killed in action (born 1861).
* October 24 - Désiré Charnay, French archaeologist of Central America (born 1828).
* Sir Alfred Biliotti, Italian Levantine British consular officer and archaeologist (born 1833)
# 1918 in archaeology

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]]
Below are notable events in archaeology that occurred in 1918.

## Excavations

* Ballshi inscription, a 9th-century epigraph testifying to the christianization of Bulgaria

## Births

* 11 February – Anne Stine Ingstad, Norwegian archaeologist, co-discoverer of Viking artifacts at L'Anse aux Meadows (d. 1997)
* 8 March – Mendel L. Peterson, American underwater archaeologist (d. 2003)
* 20 May – Carlos J. Gradin, Argentine archaeologist (d. 2002)
* 24 June – Elizabeth Eames, English archaeologist (d. 2008)
* 20 August – Crystal Bennett, Alderney-born archaeologist of Jordan (d. 1987)
* 25 October – Donald Wiseman, Professor of Assyriology at the University of London (d. 2010)
* 18 December – Joyce Reynolds, English epigrapher (d. 2022)

## Deaths

* 27 January – Canon William Greenwell, English archaeologist notable for his Grimes Graves excavations (b. 1820)
# Cham

Cham or CHAM may refer to:

## Ethnicities and languages

* Chams, people in Vietnam and Cambodia
** Cham language, the language of the Cham people
*** Cham script
*** Cham (Unicode block), a block of Unicode characters of the Cham script
* Cham Albanians, also spelled Çam, a people originating in northern Greece of Albanian descent
** Cham Albanian dialect
* Dikaka language, another language also known as Cham

## People

* Cham (singer) (born 1979), Jamaica reggae singer known for the single "Ghetto Story"
* Cham., standard author abbreviation for botanist Adelbert von Chamisso (1781–1838)
* Chamillionaire (born 1979), American rapper
* Cham Prasidh (born 1951), Cambodian Minister of Trade
* Adongo Agada Cham (1959–2011), king of the Anuak people of Sudan and Ethiopia
* Jorge Cham (born 1976), comic-book artist
* Patrick Cham (born 1959), French basketball player
* Amédée de Noé (1818–1879), French artist whose pseudonym was "Cham"
* Ham (son of Noah), also spelt Cham
* Cham, a variant in Gambia of the surname Thiam
* Ebony Cham (born 2004), French singer

## Places

* Cham, Germany, town
* Cham (district), Germany
* Cham, Switzerland, a city in the Canton of Zug, Switzerland
* Cham, Iran (disambiguation)
* Chàm Islands, of Vietnam
* Cham, a colloquial name for the French mountain town of Chamonix
* Al Cham, French spelling for Al Sham (comprises Israel, Syria, Lebanon and Jordan)

## Other uses

* Centro de Humanidades, NOVA FCSH
* Cham (novel), by British writer Jonathan Trigell set in Chamonix Mont Blanc
* Cham Bank, a Syrian bank
* Cham dance, a masked dance associated with some sects of Buddhism
* Cham Palaces and Hotels, a Syria hotel chain based in Syria
* CHAM (AM), a radio station in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
* Cham Wings Airlines, a privately owned Syrian airline
* Children's Hospital at Montefiore, in New York
* Cham, an archaic spelling of Khan
* Cham., taxonomic author abbreviation of German botanist Adelbert von Chamisso (1781–1838)
* Cham or Kopi Cham, Malaysian beverage of coffee and tea
* CHAM! was a fictional J-Pop group in the animated film Perfect Blue
# Fireside (LDS Church)

A fireside is a supplementary meeting in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), often held in the evening.
The term "fireside" was first used in the 1930s for a variety of such meetings in the LDS Church. The official use of the term has been discontinued and largely replaced with "devotional" or "discussion", but "fireside" continues to be used informally by members.
Firesides are commonly held for a subset of members (youth, Young Single Adults, Single Adults, quorums, wards, etc.) of a congregation or congregations in an area. A fireside is most commonly held on Sunday evenings, but may be held any day of the week. They are often held in a meetinghouse, Institute of Religion, or a personal residence, depending on the number of people expected to attend. Often, refreshments are served afterwards while the attendees mingle amongst themselves.
A fireside usually either consists of a single speaker on a religious topic or a group discussion led by a church leader. They typically last between one and two hours. Sometimes, firesides are broadcast via satellite to stake centers and Institutes of Religion throughout the world.
The first church-wide radio firesides were broadcast for youth in 1960. Since 1992, monthly firesides for young adults have been produced by the Church Educational System (CES) and broadcast by satellite throughout North America. In 2015, these CES Devotionals were renamed as Worldwide Devotionals for Young Adults.
# 1925 in archaeology

Below are notable events in archaeology that occurred in 1925.

## Excavations

* Kaminaljuyu Mayan site, by Manuel Gamino.
* Kültepe in Turkey, by Bedřich Hrozný.
* Excavations in Gibraltar by Dorothy Garrod begin (continue to 1926).
* October - Tin Hinan Tomb in the Sahara located and opened by Byron Khun de Prorok.
* December - Complete excavation of the Great Sphinx of Giza by Émile Baraize begins (continues to 1936).

## Publications

* John Beazley - Attische Vasenmaler des rotfigurigen Stils
* V. Gordon Childe - The Dawn of European Civilization.
* Aleš Hrdlička - The Old Americans.

## Finds

* July 13 - "Venus of Dolní Věstonice" at Dolní Věstonice in Moravia.
* October 28 - Howard Carter reveals the golden death mask of Tutenkhamun.
* Ennigaldi-Nanna's Museum at Ur is discovered by Leonard Woolley.
* "Venus of Savignano" near Savignano sul Panaro in Italy.
* "Galilee skull" in Mugharet el-Zuttiyeh.
* The Aurignacian settlement site at Breitenbach in Saxony-Anhalt is discovered by local schoolteacher E. Thiersch.
* Belgic pottery at Swarling, Kent.
* Makapansgat pebble in South Africa.

## Births

* January 22 - John Davies Evans, English archaeologist and academic (d. 2011)
* April 24 - Leslie Alcock, English archaeologist (d. 2006)
* November 14 - James Mellaart, British archaeologist. (d. 2012)

## Deaths

* February 4 - Robert Koldewey, German archaeologist (b. 1855).
# 1930 in archaeology

Below are notable events in archaeology that occurred in 1930.

## Excavations

* Vere Gordon Childe completes excavations at Skara Brae (begun in 1927).
* John Garstang begins excavations at Jericho (continue to 1936).
* Francis Llewellyn Griffith excavates at Kawa (Sudan).
* Flinders Petrie begins excavations at Tall al-Ajjul (continue to 1934).

## Finds

* August 5 - Remains of S. A. Andrée's Arctic Balloon Expedition of 1897 discovered.
* First fragments from an ancient boat harbour found on the bank of the Suojoki river in central Finland (one boat from site later dated to 13th century).

## Publications

* Aleš Hrdlička - The Skeletal Remains of Early Man.

## Miscellaneous

* September 11 - Max Mallowan marries Agatha Christie.
* Max von Oppenheim opens a private museum of his Near Eastern archaeological finds in Berlin.
* Edwin Smith Papyrus first translated.

## Births

* March 25 - John M. Coles, English prehistorian (d. 2020)
* June 13 - Paul Veyne, French Roman archaeologist, historian
* September 23 - Edda Bresciani, Italian Egyptologist (d. 2020)
# Living Dead (disambiguation)

Living Dead is a zombie-apocalypse film franchise created by George A. Romero and John A. Russo, and related media.
Living dead or Living Dead may also refer to:

## Books

* The Living Dead (novel), a 2021 novel by George A. Romero and Daniel Kraus

## Film and television

* The Living Dead (film), a 1919 German silent film
* Unheimliche Geschichten/The Living Dead (film), a 1932 German film
* The Living Dead (TV series), a 1995 British documentary series
* "The Living Dead" (The Avengers), a 1967 television episode
* "The Living Dead" (My Hero), a 2003 television episode

## Music

* The Living Dead (Bump of Chicken album), 2000, or the title song
* The Living Dead (Grave Digger album), 2018
* Living.../...Dead, a split EP by Mortician and Fleshgrind, 2004
* "Living Dead", a song by King Diamond from Deadly Lullabyes, 2004
* "Living Dead", a song by Marina and the Diamonds from Electra Heart, 2012
# 1946 in archaeology

Below are notable events in archaeology that occurred in 1946.

## Explorations

* Maria Reiche begins to map the Nazca Lines.
* Mikhail Mikhaylovich Gerasimov investigates the burial site of Yuri Dolgorukiy (d. 1157) at the Church of the Saviour at Berestove in Ukraine but no remains are found.

## Excavations

* Ferriby Boats 1 and 2 excavated in England.
* Three-year excavation of Eridu by Fuad Safar and Seton Lloyd of the Iraqi Directorate General of Antiquities and Heritage begins.

## Publications

* November - Agatha Christie Mallowan, Come, Tell Me How You Live.

## Finds

* Lacandon Maya lead photographer/explorer Giles Healey to Bonampak, the first time it is known to have been visited by a non-Mayan.
* Filitosa, Corsica, discovered.

## Births

* July 1 - Mick Aston, English archaeologist best known for his work on Time Team (died 2013)
* August 12 - Bryony Coles, née Orme, English prehistoric landscape archaeologist
* December 29 - Ruth Shady, Peruvian archaeologist

### Deaths

* November 17 - Max von Oppenheim, German Near Eastern archaeologist (born 1860)
# Opiyo Wandayi

James Opiyo Wandayi MGH, CBS (born 22 June 1972) is an agricultural and development economist and Kenyan politician currently serving as the Cabinet Secretary of Energy and Petroleum.

## Early life and education

Wandayi received his Kenya Certificate of Primary of Education (KCPE) from Sikalame Primary School in 1986. He then enrolled in Sawagongo High School where he received Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education in 1990 and enrolled in University of Nairobi to pursue Bachelor of Science in Agriculture. He joined Kenya Institute of Management in 2008 for Diploma in Business Management. In 2010 he joined Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology for MBA Executive. He is currently pursuing LLB at Daystar University.

## Political career

Wandayi is a Member of Parliament representing the Ugunja Constituency in Siaya county. He is a member of Orange Democratic Movement and a coalition member of Coalition for Reforms and Democracy.
He was once ejected from parliament after disrupting President Kenyatta’s State of the Nation address by constantly blowing a whistle. He was given a suspension from parliament from March until the end of the session. He challenged the action by the Speaker before the High court which ordered he be allowed back to the House citing that his electorate were not being represented.

## Controversy
### Unlawful Assembly and Destruction of Private Property

On 20th March 2023 it was widely reported that Wandayi along with some Azimio members of parliament were involved in destruction of private property while he was a Minority Leader of parliament during an unlawful assembly. In the same month, Wandayi along with the involved Azimio members of parliament were arrested and charged in court for damaging the vehicle of Joyce Nyambura while conducting an unlawful assembly within Nairobi along city Hall way.
According to the arrested Azimio members of Parliament, they had planned to kick off their march to state House to "claim their victory" following Ruto's 2022 presidential election win whose victory they opposed. In the same matter Azimio accused police of siding with the government instead of being non-partisan. In April 2023, the DPP dropped the charges against Wandayi to pave way for an alternative settlement between the aggrieved parties.

## Honors

Honors received by Opiyo include:
* Moran of the Order of the Golden Heart of Kenya (MGH)
* Chief of the Order of the Burning Spear (CBS)
# Onishi

Onishi (大西), other romanizations include Ōnishi, Oonishi, and Ohnishi with long vowel ō, is a Japanese surname or a Japanese place name. Onishi (尾西) with short vowel o, is a Japanese surname. Onishi (鬼石) with short vowel o, is a Japanese place name.
It may refer to:

## With long vowel ō
### People

* Aijiro Onishi (大西 愛治郎, 1881–1958), Japanese religious leader
* Hiroshi Ōnishi (大西 博, 1961–2011), Japanese painter and University professor
* Junko Onishi (musician) (大西 順子, born 1967), Japanese post-bop jazz pianist
* Junko Onishi (swimmer) (大西 順子, born 1974), swimmer from Japan, won a bronze medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics
* Koji Onishi (大西 孝治, born 1988), Japanese footballer
* Kazumi Onishi (大西 一美, born 1948), Japanese figure skater
* Masayuki Onishi (大西 昌之, born 1977) Japanese football player
* Mitsugu Ōnishi (大西みつぐ, born 1952), Japanese photographer
* Norimitsu Onishi (大西 哲光), Canadian journalist
* Tadao Onishi (大西 忠生, 1943–2006) Japanese football player
* Takashi Onishi (大西 貴, born 1971), Japanese football player
* Takijirō Ōnishi (大西 瀧治郎, 1891–1945), admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy, known as the father of the kamikaze
* Takuya Onishi (大西 卓哉, born 1975), Japanese astronaut
* Tama Onishi (大西 玉, 1916–1969), Japanese religious leader
* Onishi Tetsunosuke (大西鐡之祐) 1916-1995), professor and coach of the Japan national rugby union team
* Yohei Onishi (大西 容平, born 1982), Japanese football player
* Yoshiaki Onishi (大西 義明, born 1981) composer, conductor, and clarinetist
* Yoshihiro Onishi (大西 恵弘, 1941–2003), Japanese rower
* Yuka Onishi (大西結花, born 1968) Japanese actress and idol singer, known for her role in the TV series Sukeban Deka III
* Yuki Onishi (大西 勇輝, born 1996), Japanese footballer
* Yuki Onishi (chef)
* Ai Haruna (born 1972 as Kenji Ōnishi (大西 賢示)), Japanese transsexual TV personality and singer

### Places

* Ōnishi, Ehime (大西町), Japan
* Ōnishi Station (大西駅), a railway station in Imabari, Japan

### Other uses

* 9062 Ohnishi, asteroid

## With short vowel o
### People

* Misaki Onishi (尾西 美咲, born 1985)

### Places

* Onishi, Gunma (鬼石町), Japan
# Glen Oaks Community College

Glen Oaks Community College is a public community college in Centreville, Michigan.

## History

In 1965, Nora Hagen donated a considerable amount of land in Sherman Township to Glen Oaks. Soon afterward, Glen Oaks was approved by the state as a credible institution authorized to provide college courses to students. Hagen, who gives her name to many sites at Glen Oaks, was one of the last surviving members of her immediate family and decided that the newly conceived college should receive those 120 acres (486,000 m²). She did so, commemorating the event in the following statements:
"This farm of 120 acres [486,000 m²] with the farmhouse and other buildings has been in the Henry B. Hagen family name for 90 years.
"In the year 1965 it was given to the St. Joseph County community college district to be used as the central campus of Glen Oaks Community College for the education of the county's young people.
"It is the memory of my father and mother, my sister Louise C. Fry and her husband Stephen D. Fry, who became co-owners with me of this homestead in 1930, that I fondly dedicate this plaque.
"May God's blessing rest on all who pass this way."
5 November 1965, Nora C. Hagen, The Last Survivor

## Leadership

Dr. David Devier retired as the college's president on June 30, 2024. Dr. Bryan Newton serves as the college's President.

## Athletics

Glen Oaks has seven different sports programs: softball, volleyball, men's and women's basketball, baseball, and basketball; and men's golf.
# 1973 Brisbane City Council election

The 1973 Brisbane City Council election was held on 31 March 1973 to elect 21 aldermen to the City of Brisbane. The election was held as part of the statewide local government elections in Queensland, Australia.
The Labor Party defeated the Brisbane Civic Party (BCP) in a landslide victory, winning 20 out of 21 wards. This was despite changes introduced by the Bjelke-Petersen state government before the election, which reduced the number of wards and removed the direct lord mayoral election.

## Background

Prior to the election, the Country Party state government reduced the number of wards from 28 to 21, and removed the direct election for lord mayor. This meant incumbent Clem Jones had to contest a ward, and the lord mayor was elected by a vote of aldermen after the election. The changes were aimed at Labor, who had controlled the mayoralty since 1961.
After another defeat in 1970, the Citizens' Municipal Organisation (CMO) was described as "moribund" and did not contest the election. Instead, the Brisbane Civic Party was formed and led by Mitchelton Ward councillor John Andrews.

## Results

The BCP won just one ward − Indooroopilly − while Andrews lost his seat in Mitchelton.

## Aftermath

Following the BCP's loss, the Liberal Party decided to endorse candidates, starting at the 1976 election. The CMO disbanded around this time.
# George Kinsey

George Kinsey (20 June 1866 – 1936) was a professional footballer, who was capped four times by the England national football team, and also won the FA Cup in 1893 with Wolverhampton Wanderers.
Kinsey was born in Burton upon Trent, and began playing with his home town teams Burton Crusaders and Burton Swifts, before joining Birmingham St George's. In 1891 he moved to Wolverhampton Wanderers, where he played 73 times in The Football League, and took part in the 1893 FA Cup Final.
He played for Aston Villa, Derby County and Notts County in The Football League between 1894 and 1897, before joining Bristol Eastville Rovers. He played in the Western League, Birmingham & District League and Southern League for Rovers, who were renamed Bristol Rovers at the end of his first year with the club, and he made five appearances in the latter competition.
He returned to his home town to end his career, firstly re-joining Burton Swifts in 1900, and later moving on to Burton Early Closing. He died in the final quarter of 1936 at the age of 69.

## Sources

* Joyce, Michael (2012). Football League Players' Records 1888–1939. SoccerData. ISBN 978-1-905891-61-0.
* Byrne, Stephen; Jay, Mike (2003). Bristol Rovers Football Club - The Definitive History 1883-2003. Stroud: Tempus. ISBN 0-7524-2717-2.
# Amy Cotton

Amy Cotton (born 22 January 1980) is a judoka from Canada, who won the bronze medal in the women's half heavyweight division (-78 kg) at the 2003 Pan American Games in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. She represented Canada at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece and the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, United Kingdom.
Cotton was diagnosed with juvenile arthritis at the age of fourteen and was told that if she continued, she would most likely have serious health complications by the age of 21. Cotton continued to train and is a two time Olympian. She now lives in Saskatchewan.
# Ali Rabo

Ali Rabo (born 6 June 1986) is a Burkinabé international footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder.

## Career

Born in Bobo-Dioulasso, Rabo has played club football for ASFA Yennenga, Ittihad El-Shorta, Baghdad FC, El Mokawloon, Amanat Baghdad, Masafi and Becamex Bình Dương.
Rabo won 10 caps for Burkina Faso between 2012 and 2015.
# Joseph Haruna Kigbu

Joseph Haruna Kigbu is a Nigerian politician. He was member of the House of Representatives, who represented Lafia/Obi/Keana Federal constituency of Nasarawa state in the 7th National Assembly. He was abducted along with his wife by suspected bandits on the 3rd of December, 2024.
# Mass path

A mass path is a pedestrian track or road connecting destinations frequently used by rural communities, traditionally leading to a church celebrating Sunday Mass. They were most common during the centuries that preceded motorised transportation in Western Europe, and in particular Great Britain, Ireland, and the Netherlands where such a path is called a kerkenpad (lit. 'church path').
Mass paths typically included stretches crossing the fields of neighbouring farmers, and were likely to contain stiles when crossing fences or other boundaries and plank bridges to cross ditches.
Some mass paths are still used today in the Republic of Ireland, but are usually subject to Ireland's complicated rights of way law.