# William Higby

William Higby (August 18, 1813 – November 27, 1887) was a 19th Century American politician, a Republican, a lawyer, a District Attorney, a judge, a newspaper editor, and a United States representative from California, serving three terms from 1863 to 1869.

## Biography

Higby was born in Willsboro, New York. He spent his boyhood on his father's farm and worked in the lumber and iron business. He attended a preparatory school in Westport, New York and was graduated from the University of Vermont in Vermont in 1840, where he was a founding member of the Lambda Iota Society. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1847 and commenced practice in Elizabethtown, New York.

## Career

Higby moved to California in 1850 and settled in Calaveras County. After unsuccessfully attempting the mining business, he resumed the practice of law and was a district attorney from 1853 to 1859. Due to his harsh treatment of criminals, he earned the rough nickname, "Bloody Bill". He was a district judge from 1859 to 1861. Higby served in the California State Senate in 1862 and 1863.

### Congress

Higby was elected as a Republican to the Thirty-eighth, Thirty-ninth, and Fortieth Congresses and served from March 4, 1863, to March 3, 1869. During the Fortieth Congress he served as the chairman of the committee on mines and mining. He married Ellen M. Ringer, daughter of Joseph Ringer, in 1865. He was a delegate to the Philadelphia Loyalist's Convention of 1866. He was a frequent guest at the Lincoln White House.
He served as chairman of the Committee on Mines and Mining (Thirty-ninth and Fortieth Congresses).
He was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1868.

### Later career

He served as the editor of the Calaveras Chronicle for several years. Appointed by President Ulysses S. Grant, he was also the collector of internal revenue from 1877 to 1881.

## Death

Higby devoted himself to horticulture until his death. Stricken with paralysis three years before, he died in Santa Rosa, California in 1887.

## Electoral history

1863 California's at-large congressional district election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Cornelius Cole | 65,085 | 23.1 |
| | Republican | Thomas B. Shannon | 64,914 | 23.0 |
| | Republican | William Higby | 64,883 | 23.0 |
| | Democratic | John B. Weller | 43,567 | 15.5 |
| | Democratic | John Bigler | 43,520 | 15.4 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 281,969 | 100.0 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | | |
1864 United States House of Representatives elections in California, 2nd district :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | William Higby | 23,414 | 61.6 |
| | Democratic | James W. Coffroth | 14,581 | 38.4 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 37,995 | 100.0 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | | |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |
1867 United States House of Representatives elections in California, 2nd district :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | William Higby (incumbent) | 16,053 | 52.0 |
| | Democratic | James W. Coffroth | 14,786 | 48.0 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 30,839 | 100.0 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | | |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |