OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Environmental quality

Environmental Quality is a set of properties and characteristics of the environment, either generalized or local, as they impinge on human beings and other organisms. It is a measure of the condition of an environment relative to the requirements of one or more species, any human need or purpose.
Environmental quality includes the natural environment as well as the built environment, such as air, water purity or pollution, noise and the potential effects which such characteristics may have on physical and mental health.

## United States

In the United States, the term is applied with a body of federal and state standards and regulations that are monitored by regulatory agencies. All states in the U.S. have some form of a department or commission that is responsible for a variety of activities such as monitoring quality, responding to citizen complaints, and enforcing environmental regulations. The agency with the lead implementation responsibility for most major federal environmental laws (e.g. Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act) is the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Other federal agencies with significant oversight roles include the Council on Environmental Quality, Department of the Interior and the Army Corps of Engineers.

## United Kingdom

In the United Kingdom, the environment has been the primary responsibility of the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA). Predecessor bodies were merged in 2001 to create this department with a broader remit to link rural activities to the natural environment. Some responsibilities are devolved to the Scottish Government and are exercised by the Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA) and the National Assembly for Wales, while delivery of environmental initiatives often use partners, including: British Waterways, Environment Agency, Forestry Commission, and Natural England. DEFRA also has a remit to oversee impacts of activities within the built environment and the United Kingdom Climate Change Programme.
# Koonchera Point massacre

The Koonchera Point massacre was an attack by colonial police on Aboriginal Australians that took place at Mindiri Hole near Lake Howitt in far north South Australia in the 1880s. Part of the Australian frontier wars, sources indicate that it resulted in the deaths of between 200 and 500 Ngameni, Yawarrawarrka, Yandruwandha and Bugadji people. The event that led to the attack was the killing and eating of a bullock by Aboriginal people. The massacre was unreported by the police, but one of the five survivors related what occurred to an Arabana elder, and in 1971 he reported it to the linguist Luise Hercus. The elder described the massacre as "the end of the Mindiri people".

## Footnotes

* ↑ Elder 2003, pp. 219–221.
# Peniston Booth

Penyston Booth (1681 – 21 September 1765), also Peniston Booth, was an 18th-century Anglican priest, who hailed from the minor gentry, and served as Dean of Windsor from 1729 to 1765.

## Family

Born at Lusby, Lincolnshire, he was the son of Thomas Booth and his wife Elizabeth (née Penyston) and a cousin of Sir Fairmeadow Penyston. His family were lords of the manor of Killingholme, originally from Barton in Lancashire. An elder brother, Captain Robert Booth (died 1742), married in 1725 Lady Susannah Clinton (died 1754), daughter of Francis, 6th Earl of Lincoln, and sister-in-law of Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle (Prime Minister of Great Britain).
Booth married Katherine, daughter of the Revd Canon Edward Jones, in 1728. Their only child, Katherine Booth (whose eldest son was Sir Thomas Tyrwhitt Jones) is an ancestor of the 16th and present Baroness Berners.
The Lincolnshire family are progenitors of Sir Felix Booth and a cadet branch of the Booth family which inherited the Dunham Massey estates via marriage in the 15th century; they were created Earls of Warrington in 1690.

## Education

Booth was educated at Lincoln Grammar School and Magdalene College, Cambridge, receiving a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree in 1702, proceeding Master of Arts (MA) in 1705.
Elected a Fellow of Magdalene College in 1702, Booth was ordained in 1703 by Dr James Gardiner, Bishop of Lincoln. He was conferred with the degree of Doctor of Divinity (DD) by Cambridge University in 1728, having been elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1703.

## Ecclesiastical ministry

Booth was a canon of Windsor from 1722 to 1729, before serving as dean until his death in 1765.
During his ministry in the Church of England, he held the following ecclesiastical appointments:
* Perpetual curate of Apley, Lincolnshire, 1707
* Rector of Potterhanworth, 1717
* Prebendary of Welton in Lincoln Cathedral, 1719
* Canon of Windsor, 1722–1729
* Dean of Wolverhampton, 1729
* Canon chancellor of St Paul's Cathedral, 1733.
Appointed Canon of the Second Stall of Windsor in 1722, Booth relinquished this sinecure upon becoming dean following the death of Lord Willoughby de Broke in 1728.
Dean of Windsor and ex-officio register of the Order of the Garter from 1729 until his death in 1765, Booth was succeeded by former bishop of Exeter, Dr. Frederick Keppel.
Booth was buried at St George's Chapel, a week after his death, on 29 September 1765.
# 9th Congress of the Sammarinese Communist Party

43°55′42″N 12°27′08″E﻿ / ﻿43.928333°N 12.452101°E﻿ / 43.928333; 12.452101 The ninth congress of the Sammarinese Communist Party was held between December 10 and December 12, 1976, at Palazzo dei Congressi in the City of San Marino. The event was chaired by the party general secretary, Umberto Barulli. The congress was visited by delegations from the Soviet Union (Vadim Zagladin), Italy, the German Democratic Republic, Romania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Palestine, Yugoslavia and Chile.
# Dirk Richter

Dirk Richter (born 12 September 1964) is a former swimmer from East Germany, who won the bronze medal in the 4×100 freestyle medley twice during the Summer Olympics. He did so in 1988 with the East German team, alongside Thomas Flemming, Lars Hinneburg, and Steffen Zesner.
Four years later, when Barcelona, Spain hosted the Games, Richter represented Germany and ended up third alongside Mark Pinger, Christian Tröger, and Steffen Zesner.
# 2008 Tripoli, Lebanon bombings

34°25′59″N 5°51′00″E﻿ / ﻿34.433°N 5.85°E﻿ / 34.433; 5.85
Bombings occurred in Tripoli, Lebanon on August 13 and September 29, 2008. Both attacks targeted military buses.

## Background

Beginning in May, Tripoli saw some of its worst sectarian battles, pitting Sunni groups which support the Western-backed Lebanese Government against the Arab Democratic Party (ADP) of the city's Alawite community. ADP is a part of the opposition, and has close links to the Alawite-dominated regime in Damascus.
A formal reconciliation was reached in September 2008, between the feuding factions in north Lebanon.
Rifaat Eid, the son of the leader of the ADP, accused Saudi Arabia of funding Salafi jihadists in Northern Lebanon, blaming them for the violence. "The Salafis are like kittens when they are weak, but when they are strong they are like tigers." Salafist leaders in Tripoli insisted that the threat of jihadist militancy is exaggerated. Sheikh Omar Bakri, a Salafist preacher, said "They say we are fanatics and cite what is happening in Iraq, but this is just propaganda to weaken the Sunnis in Lebanon."

## Bombings

On August 13, a bomb in a briefcase on a bus carrying Lebanese Army soldiers killed 15 people including 10 soldiers. Two days previously there was another attack, this one a bombing in neighbouring Syria. There was a quick chorus of condemnation and denunciation from local politicians, who said it was targeted at the army. Former Prime Minister of Lebanon Najib Mikati told a local radio station: "This is a direct targeting of the military institution."
In August, Bashar al-Assad, the Syrian President, gave a warning that Islamic extremists were destabilising Northern Lebanon. Later, at the beginning of September, thousands of Syrian troops deployed along the Lebanon-Syria border, triggering fears in Beirut of a possible military incursion.
On September 29, 2008, a car bombing occurred in Tripoli, Lebanon, targeting a military bus carrying soldiers, killing 7 and injuring 30 people. Lebanese officials said the blast came from a car parked by a busy roadside and was detonated by remote control.
# Eric C. Tostrud

Eric Christian Tostrud (born 1965) is a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Minnesota.

## Education

Tostrud earned his Bachelor of Arts, cum laude, from St. Olaf College and his Juris Doctor, summa cum laude, from the William Mitchell College of Law.

## Career

Upon graduation from law school he served as a law clerk to Judge Edward Devitt of the United States District Court for the District of Minnesota and to Judge George MacKinnon of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit.
Before becoming a judge, Tostrud was Of Counsel with Lockridge Grindal Nauen P.L.L.P. Tostrud previously practiced at that firm full-time before becoming an academic. During his 26 years with the firm, he maintained a complex commercial litigation practice almost exclusively in federal court, with emphasis in the areas of complex insurance coverage, health care litigation, and ERISA. Tostrud serves on the full-time faculty at Mitchell Hamline School of Law as the Distinguished Practitioner in Residence. He teaches in the areas of federal jurisdiction and federal-court procedure.

### Federal judicial service

On February 12, 2018, President Donald Trump announced his intent to nominate Tostrud to an undetermined seat on the United States District Court for the District of Minnesota after being recommended to the Trump administration by then-Congressman Erik Paulsen. On February 15, 2018, his nomination was sent to the Senate. Tostrud was nominated to the seat vacated by Judge Donovan W. Frank, who assumed senior status on October 31, 2016. On April 11, 2018, a hearing on his nomination was held before the Senate Judiciary Committee. On May 10, 2018, his nomination was reported out of committee by a voice vote. On September 6, 2018, his nomination was confirmed by voice vote. He received his judicial commission on September 10, 2018.
# Ringgold

Ringgold may refer to:

## Places
### United States

* Ringgold, Georgia, named after the soldier Samuel Ringgold
* Ringgold County, Iowa, named after the soldier Samuel Ringgold
* Ringgold, Kentucky, an unincorporated community
* Ringgold, Louisiana, named after the soldier Samuel Ringgold
* Ringgold, Maryland
* Ringgold, Nebraska
* Ringgold, Ohio
* Ringgold Township, Pennsylvania, named after the soldier Samuel Ringgold
* Ringgold, Pennsylvania
* New Ringgold, Pennsylvania
* Ringgold, Texas, named after the family of the founder's wife
* Ringgold, Virginia
* Ringgold, West Virginia
* Ringold Formation, Washington state geologic formation

### Fiji

* Ringgold Isles

## People

* Cadwalader Ringgold (1802–1867), American naval officer, son of Samuel Ringgold, brother of the soldier Samuel Ringgold
* Faith Ringgold (1930–2024), African-American artist
* Samuel Ringgold (congressman) (1770–1829), Maryland congressman, soldier in the American Revolutionary War and War of 1812, father of Cadwalader Ringgold and the soldier Samuel Ringgold
* Samuel Ringgold (United States Army officer) (1796–1846), hero of Battle of Palo Alto in the Mexican–American War, after whom numerous communities are named; son of Samuel Ringgold, brother of Cadwalader Ringgold
* Samuel Ringgold Ward (1817–1866), American abolitionist, newspaper editor and Congregational church minister
* Tench Ringgold, 19th-century American businessman and political appointee
* Thomas Ringgold, (1715 – 1772) Maryland lawyer, slave trader and merchant
Also:
* Ring Lardner (1885–1933), full name Ringgold Wilmer Lardner, American writer

## Other uses

* Ringgold High School (Pennsylvania), Monongahela, Pennsylvania
* Ringgold identifier, a unique identifier for organisations in the publishing industry supply chain
* USS Ringgold (DD-89), named after Cadwalader Ringgold
* USS Ringgold (DD-500), named after Cadwalader Ringgold
* Battle of Ringgold Gap, in the American Civil War
# Communist Party of Annam

Communist Party of Annam (Vietnamese: An Nam cộng sản Đảng, chữ Hán: 安南共産党) was a Vietnamese political party that existed from August 1929 until February 1930. (Annam was the common name of Vietnam at that time.) It was created by leaders of the Communist Youth League. The Communist Youth League was formed by Ho Chi Minh in 1926 as a section of the Vietnam Revolutionary Youth League. Initially based in Guangzhou, southern China, the League created publications that were clandestinely smuggled into Vietnam. In 1927 the communists were expelled from Guangzhou by Chiang Kai-shek.
The league's first (and only) congress was held in Hong Kong in May 1929. It was marred by factionalism that mirrored the struggle between Joseph Stalin and Nikolai Bukharin then going on in Moscow. Inspired by Stalin's call for communist separatism, Trần Văn Cung, head of league's Tonkin section, led a walkout by a group of delegates. Cung returned to Vietnam and, on June 17, founded the Communist Party of Indochina. Other Vietnamese communist leaders were reluctant to act decisively until the outcome in Moscow was clear. In August, the remaining leadership of the league founded the CPA. The party was led by a five-member "special branch", including Châu Vǎn Liêm (Secretary), Nguyễn Thiệu, Lê Hồng Sơn, Hồ Tùng Mậu,... and Le Quang Dat.
On October 27, 1929, Comintern issued a letter criticizing the CPA, praising the ICP, and directing that a conference be held to reunite the parties. (This was the method of resolving the dispute proposed by the CPA leadership.) The two parties merged in February 1930 at a conference in Kowloon, forming the Communist Party of Vietnam. Ho Chi Minh, at this time a representative of Comintern, presided over this conference.
# Live.ly

Live.ly (pronounced "Lively", stylized as live.ly) was a live-streaming service created by Musical.ly in 2016, headquartered in Shanghai with an American office in San Francisco. It allowed users to stream live videos, interact through chat, and send virtual gifts, which streamers could monetize. Following its launch, the app amassed over 40 million active users by late 2016. In 2018, after ByteDance acquired Musical.ly, Live.ly was merged with TikTok, resulting in its shutdown.

## History
### Founding

In August 2014, Musical.ly was launched by Musical.ly Inc. The app quickly gained popularity, particularly among teenagers, and by June 2016, it had amassed an active user base of approximately 90 million.
In May 2016, Musical.ly announced the launch of Live.ly as a competitor to other social media platforms releasing live streaming services. Musical.ly initiated beta testing of the platform in the same month. Live.ly was published on the iTunes Store in late June 2016 and gained a significant user base shortly after its release.
On July 24, 2016, Musical.ly officially released Live.ly globally at VidCon.

### Growth

By October 2016, Live.ly had surpassed Twitter's Periscope iOS app, amassing approximately 40 million active users. In a two-week period, the top 10 accounts collectively earned US$46,000 from virtual gifts sent by users.

### Merger into TikTok

In June 2018, Live.ly was removed from app stores in preparation for its merger with TikTok. ByteDance, the company that acquired Musical.ly and Live.ly, announced plans to merge the two into a single app, enabling users to seamlessly watch videos and view live streams.
On August 2, 2018, Live.ly was merged into TikTok alongside Musical.ly following ByteDance's reported US$1 billion acquisition. After its shutdown, users were redirected to the live-streaming platform LiveMe.

## Criticism and controversies
### Paul Zimmer accusations

In April 2017, Internet personality Paul Zimmer was accused of financially exploiting his young fans by failing to deliver on promised shout-outs and personal messages. Zimmer frequently neglected to fulfill these promises, often ignoring or declining requests. The hashtag #BanPaulZimmer quickly gained traction on Musical.ly and Live.ly in response to Zimmer's behavior. Consequently, Zimmer deleted all videos where he made such promises and took an 18-month hiatus from social media.
# Back to Dance

Back to Dance is Lil Suzy's second studio album.

## Production

It was released on 1994.
# Nicholas Eliot, 9th Earl of St Germans

Nicholas Richard Michael Eliot, 9th Earl of St Germans (26 January 1914 – 11 March 1988) was a British peer.

## Early life and education

Born at 2, Wyndham Place, Marylebone, London, Eliot was the son of Montague Eliot, 8th Earl of St Germans and Helen Agnes, daughter of Arthur Post, of New York. He was educated at Eton.

## Career

Eliot became a captain in the Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry, attached to the Royal Armoured Corps. He was a Justice of the Peace and DL.
On 16 September 1960, he succeeded his father to become the 9th Earl of St Germans.

## Personal life

Lord St Germans married three times:
* On 25 April 1939 (divorced 1947) to Helen Mary (17 April 1915 – 6 December 1951), daughter of Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Walter Villiers, DSO, CBE, of the Royal Scots Fusiliers (a descendant of the politician and diplomat Thomas Villiers, 1st Earl of Clarendon – himself son of the 2nd Earl of Jersey – and of the politician John Parker, 1st Baron Boringdon), and Lady Kathleen Mary, daughter of Lowry Cole, 4th Earl of Enniskillen. Their children were:
** Peregrine Nicholas Eliot (b. 2 January 1941, d. 15 July 2016)
** Lady Frances Helen Mary Eliot (6 March 1943 – 6 January 2004) who was married 9 October 1965 (div 1987) to Charles Petty-Fitzmaurice, 9th Marquess of Lansdowne.
* On 27 May 1948 (divorced 1959) to Margaret Eleanor, daughter of Lieutenant-Colonel William Francis George Wyndham, of Heathfield Lodge (great-grandson of George Wyndham, 3rd Earl of Egremont and a descendant also of the Lords Polwarth) and Maud Eleanor, daughter of William Sydney Hylton Jolliffe, of Heath House, Petersfield, Hampshire (son of the politician William Jolliffe, 1st Baron Hylton); they had no issue
* In 1965, to Mary Bridget Thomas, daughter of colonial Governor Sir Shenton Thomas, with no issue.
Lord St Germans died on 11 March 1988 in Tangiers, Morocco, and his titles passed to his son, Peregrine Nicholas Eliot.
# Kenny Tran

Phuong "Kenny" Tran is a Vietnamese American professional poker player from Arcadia, California who won the 2008 World Series of Poker $10,000 Heads-Up No-Limit Hold'em World Championship. Tran was born in Vietnam and gives 10% of his winnings to his extended family there. He is married and has 3 children. He first began playing poker in 1992 at a bowling alley while working at McDonald's.

## World Series of Poker

He began playing tournaments in 1999 and has thirteen career World Series of Poker cashes. Tran made the final table of the $50,000 World Championship H.O.R.S.E. Event at the 2007 WSOP. He finished in 5th and won $444,000. In that same year he had his highest finish in the Main Event, finishing in 16th and earning $381,000. He also finished in 16th position in the inaugural World Series of Poker Europe Main Event, earning $68,000. At the 2008 World Series of Poker Tran won a bracelet in the $10,000 Heads-Up No-Limit Hold'em World Championship and his largest cash to date, earning $539,056.

## Other poker events

Tran is known as a cash game specialist who plays in high-stakes No Limit Seven Card Stud games at the Commerce Casino in Los Angeles. He also used to play online on Full Tilt Poker where he was a sponsored professional. He has four World Poker Tour (WPT) cashes including finishing in 10th place at the Sixth Annual Five Star World Poker Classic in the $25,000 No Limit Hold'em WPT World Championship, earning $158,290. As of 2009, his total winnings exceed $2,100,000. His 13 cashes at the WSOP account for $1,661,619 of those winnings.
# Dimemebfe

Dimemebfe (5-MeO-BFE) is a recreational drug and research chemical. It acts as an agonist for the 5-HT$_{1A}$ and 5-HT$_2$ family of serotonin receptors. It is related in structure to the psychedelic tryptamine derivative 5-MeO-DMT, but with the indole nitrogen replaced by oxygen, making dimemebfe a benzofuran derivative. It is several times less potent as a serotonin agonist than 5-MeO-DMT and with relatively more activity at 5-HT$_{1A}$, but still shows strongest effects at the 5-HT$_2$ family of receptors.

## Legal status

Dimemebfe is a Schedule I controlled substance in the US state of Alabama.
# Bernd Juterzenka

Bernd Juterzenka (born 5 February 1945) is a German boxer. He competed in the men's bantamweight event at the 1968 Summer Olympics.
# Eric Stein

Eric Stein is the former Deputy Assistant Secretary for Consumer Protection at the U.S. Department of Treasury. He was nominated in 2009 by President Barack Obama., and resigned in 2010.

## Education and career

Prior to his appointment to the US Treasury Department, Stein was senior vice president of the Center for Responsible Lending (CRL), and chief operating officer of a related organization, the Center for Community Self-Help. During his time at the CRL, Stein testified in Congress on predatory mortgage lending and foreclosure prevention.
Stein has also worked for Congressman David Price (D-NC), Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals Judge Sam J. Ervin III, and CASA, a nonprofit organization in North Carolina that helps persons with disabilities acquire housing.
In November 2020, Stein was named a volunteer member of the Joe Biden presidential transition Agency Review Team to support transition efforts related to the Department of Housing and Urban Development and the Federal Housing Finance Agency.
Stein received his Bachelor of Arts from Williams College and his law degree from Yale Law.
# Jean Worms-Germinal

Jean Worms-Germinal (10 October 1894 – 3 April 1974) was a French politician.
Jean Worms-Germinal was born in the 14th arrondissement of Paris on 10 October 1894. He earned a degree in engineering in 1913, and served in World War I with the 7th regiment of cuirassiers [fr]. Worms-Germinal joined the French Section of the Workers' International in 1912, and remained affiliated with SFIO through the Tours Congress. SFIO formed the Popular Front, which nominated Worms-Germinal as its candidate for the 1936 French legislative election for the Chamber of Deputies seat in Sarlat. After two rounds of voting, Worms-Germinal lost to Yvon Delbos. In 1938, he contested the Dordogne seat on the Senate, again with SFIO support, receiving only 135 votes. Worms-Germinal returned to military service during World War II, and later participated in the French Resistance as a member of Libération-sud, based in Dordogne. He was elected a representative to the Provisional Consultative Assembly which formed the French Committee of National Liberation. After the war ended, Worms-Germinal served on the National Constituent Assembly of the French Fourth Republic. He did not contest the legislative elections of November 1946, 1951, or 1956. Worms-Germinal sought election to the National Assembly in 1958 as an alternate member from Indre-et-Loire, but was not elected.
Worms-Germinal was awarded the Croix de Guerre 1939–1945 and the Resistance Medal for his actions during World War II, as well as knighthood of the Legion of Honor. He died on 3 April 1974 in Neuvic, Dordogne.
# James Francis Corbett

James Francis Corbett KC*HS (1834 – 29 May 1912) was the Roman Catholic Bishop of Sale, Victoria.
Corbett was formerly stationed at St Kilda, Victoria, and was appointed first bishop of Sale in May 1887. He was consecrated at St. Mary's, St. Kilda, on 25 August. He held for a considerable period the post of Private Secretary to the late Archbishop Goold. He is a native of Limerick, and the freedom of that city was conferred upon him during a visit to Ireland in 1890.

## Arms

Coat of arms of James Francis Corbett :
* EscutcheonOr a representation of Our Lady of Perpetual Succour Proper impaling Or a chough Sable membered Gules.
* MottoMonstra Te Esse Matrem