OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Russian Democratic Society (UK)

The Russian Democratic Society (RDS) is an organization located in London, United Kingdom, consisting mainly of Russian diaspora and their allies. It is best-known for its opposition to the Russian invasion of Ukraine and opposition to the leadership of Vladimir Putin.
The RDS was formally established as a Community Interest Company (CIC) on November 7, 2022, although the name 'Russian Democratic Society' had been in use prior to its official registration.
The establishment of the RDS is indicative of a wider trend among Russian immigrants and their supporters abroad, who actively participate in advocating for democratic principles and offering support to those affected by conflict and political repression.

## History

In the United Kingdom, the RDS has gained recognition for its role in orchestrating rallies that unite dissidents and figures from the Russian opposition. Beyond protest activities, the RDS has made contributions to humanitarian efforts, raising funds for the procurement of generators for Ukraine to mitigate the electricity shortages caused by the conflict.
The RDS actively supports the LGBTQ+ community in Russia, standing against legislation perceived to undermine LGBTQ+ rights.
# 2016 JSM Challenger of Champaign–Urbana

The 2016 JSM Challenger of Champaign–Urbana is a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the twenty-first edition of the tournament which was part of the 2016 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Champaign, Illinois, United States between November 14 and November 19, 2016.

## Singles main-draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| USA | Jared Donaldson | 108 | 1 |
| SUI | Henri Laaksonen | 135 | 2 |
| USA | Stefan Kozlov | 152 | 3 |
| BEL | Joris De Loore | 174 | 4 |
| AUS | Sam Groth | 184 | 5 |
| BEL | Ruben Bemelmans | 190 | 6 |
| USA | Noah Rubin | 200 | 7 |
| USA | Reilly Opelka | 208 | 8 |
* $^1$ Rankings are as of November 7, 2016.

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Christopher Eubanks
* Aron Hiltzik
* Jared Hiltzik
* Noe Khlif
The following player received entry as an alternate:
* Raymond Sarmiento
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Daniel Cox
* Marcos Giron
* Bradley Klahn
* Ryan Shane

## Champions
### Singles

* Henri Laaksonen def. Ruben Bemelmans, 7–5, 6–3.

### Doubles

* Austin Krajicek / Tennys Sandgren def. Luke Bambridge / Liam Broady, 7–6$^{(7–4)}$, 7–6$^{(7–2)}$.
# Mount Trusmadi

Mount Trusmadi or Trus Madi (Dusun: Nulu Trusmadi, Malay: Gunung Trusmadi) is a mountain located at the Interior Division of Sabah, Malaysia. It is considered as the second highest mountain in both Sabah and Malaysia at 2,642 metres (8,668 ft), after Mount Kinabalu with Trusmadi offering a tougher climbing challenge than the latter.

## Geology

The mountain geology comprises tertiary formation of mudstone, shale and argillite with subordinate beds of quartzite, sandstone, siltstone and limestone breccias.

## Biodiversity

The mountain area is located within the Trusmadi Forest Reserve where it supports a wide range of unique flora and fauna, including Nepenthes macrophylla, a species of pitcher plant. The natural hybrid Nepenthes × trusmadiensis is named after the mountain. In 1999, a small-scale expedition on the mountain biodiversity was conducted through a collaboration between Sabah Museum and Louisiana State University Museum of Natural Science with various bird species are found within the area.

## Features

It is one of Sabah's ecotourism and mountain climbing destinations. There are three climbing trails towards the mountain summit, namely from Wayaan Kaingaran (Tambunan), Wayaan Mastan (Keningau) and Wayaan Mannan (Sinua, Sook, Keningau). Both Wayaan Kaingaran and Mastan are accessible only with 4WD while Wayaan Mannan has a good access road.
# Charles Piaget

Charles Piaget (23 July 1928 – 4 November 2023) was a French watchmaker and trade unionist.
Piaget was particularly active during the LIP affair and was an emblematic figure of the workers' self-management movement.

## Biography

Born in Besançon on 23 July 1928, Piaget joined LIP in 1946 and unionized with the French Confederation of Christian Workers (CFTC) on his first day. He became politically active during the Algerian War, to which he was opposed. He first joined the Union of the Socialist Left (UGS) and subsequently the Unified Socialist Party (PSU) in 1960. During those years, he was close with those who ran the Voix Ouvrière, and through these acquaintances, he learned more about Marxism. In 1964, he, alongside other members of the CFTC, founded the French Democratic Confederation of Labour (CFDT).
In 1973, when LIP filed for bankruptcy and threatened the closure of the Besançon factory, Piaget led a strike of CFDT union members. At the end of the conflict, he declared "The success (of a trade union movement) is no longer needing a leader… or at least: their voice only counts as one".
Piaget was a candidate in the 1974 French presidential election after support from a minority of PSU members alongside other far-left groups, such as the Revolutionary Communist League and the Revolutionary Marxist Alliance. Jean-Paul Sartre declared his support in Libération. However, the PSU ended up giving its support to François Mitterrand after a proposal by party leader Michel Rocard and backed up by a majority party vote. Piaget retired in 1988, but maintained his activism within the Agir ensemble contre le chômage [fr] (AC !).
Charles Piaget died in Besançon on 4 November 2023, at the age of 95.

## Publications

* Lip 73 (1973)
* Lip : Charles Piaget et les LIP racontent (1973)
* Que signifie aujourd'hui militer pour le socialisme, être révolutionnaire? (1974)
* L'autogestion : une idée toujours neuve (2005)
* Faire des hommes libres : Boimondau et les communautés de travail à Valence, 1941-1982 (2008)
* Caron-Ozanne : une expérience d'autogestion en Normandie : 1975-1977 (2009)
* La force du collectif : Entretien avec Charles Piaget (2012)
* On fabrique, on vend, on se paie : Lip 1973 (2021)

## Filmography

* Lip, une école de la lutte à l'usage des jeunes générations (2009)
* Penser critique : kit de survie éthique et politique pour situations de crise[s] (2012)
# Lou Koupal

Louis Laddie Koupal (December 19, 1898 – December 8, 1961) born in Tabor, South Dakota, was a pitcher for the Pittsburgh Pirates (1925–26), Brooklyn Robins (1928–29), Philadelphia Phillies (1929–30) and St. Louis Browns (1937).
Koupal was of Czech descent. As a rookie in 1925, he appeared in six games, all in relief, for the Pirates, who would go on to win the World Series, though Koupal did not pitch in the postseason.
In six seasons, Koupal had a 10–21 won-lost record, 101 appearances, with 35 starts, 12 complete games, 40 games finished, 7 saves, 335+1⁄3 innings pitched, 436 hits allowed, 255 runs allowed, 208 earned runs allowed, 23 home runs allowed, 156 walks allowed, 87 strikeouts, 5 hit batsmen, 11 wild pitches, 1,560 batters faced and a career ERA of 5.58.
Koupal died in San Gabriel, California at the age of 62.
# Social Liberal Party (Maldives)

The Social Liberal Party (Dhivehi: ސޯޝަލް ލިބަރަލް ޕާޓީ) was a centrist/centre-left social liberal political party in the Maldives. The party was a splinter from the Maldivian Democratic Party, and faced a long battle to gain registration. It was finally registered by the courts on 4 May 2008.
The party's leader was Nisaal, and the deputy leader was Aiham.
On 8 May 2011, Ibrahim Ismail, candidate for Social Liberal Party in the 2008 Maldivian presidential election joined MDP together with other key members, Hassan Latheef, Fayyaz Ismail, Ahmed Abdullah Afeef, Hassan Ismail, Hussain Ismail.
The party was dissolved in 2013.

## Election results
### President elections

| Election | Party candidate | Running mate | Votes | % | Votes | % | Result |
| Election | Party candidate | Running mate | First Round | First Round | Second Round | Second Round | | Result |
| 2008 | Ibrahim Ismail | Fathimath Nahid Shakir | 1,382 | 0.78 | — | — | Lost N |

### People's Majlis elections

| Year | Party Leader | Votes | % | Position | Seats | +/- |
| 2009 | Unknown | 674 | 0.41 | 7th | 0 / 77 | New |
# Caterham Arms pub bombing

On 27 August 1975 a Provisional Irish Republican Army bomb exploded without warning at the Caterham Arms public house in Caterham, Surrey, England. There were no fatalities, but 33 people were injured, some severely, including three off-duty soldiers who lost limbs.

## Background

In February 1975, the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) agreed to a ceasefire with the British government. The last IRA attack in England was in January 1975 when they planted seven time bombs in London.

## The bombing

The IRA planted a time bomb in the Caterham Arms public house in Caterham, Surrey, leaving a 7 lb (3.2 kg) bomb in a duffel bag under a seat. There was no warning and the bomb exploded at 9:20pm, injuring 23 civilians and 10 off-duty soldiers. The pub was used by members of the Welsh Guards who were based at the barracks nearby. Some of the injuries were very serious, with at least three soldiers losing limbs, including a male soldier, who lost both legs and one arm, as well as two other soldiers who lost a leg each.

## Aftermath

This attack marked the start of a renewed bombing campaign in England and the end of the truce with the British government in England, in Ireland the truce was also starting to break with the South Armagh Brigade no longer recognizing the cease fire, having killed four British soldiers in July in a landmine attack in Forkhill, officially the truce lasted until January 1976.
The next day on 28 August 1975, the IRA detonated a bomb in Oxford Street, Central London, injuring several people; the following day on 29 August the IRA planted a booby-trap bomb in the doorway of a K-Shoes shop. Army bomb-disposal officer Roger Goad was killed while attempting to defuse the bomb.
# Wien Air Alaska Flight 99

Wien Air Alaska Flight 99 was a scheduled domestic passenger flight in Alaska to St. Lawrence Island in the Bering Sea. On approach to Gambell on 30 August 1975, it crashed into Sevuokuk Mountain, east of the airport's runway. Of the 32 on board, ten were killed, including the captain and first officer. The Fairchild F-27B aircraft was operated by Wien Air Alaska.

## Flight

Flight 99 originated in Nome on Saturday, August 30, 1975, bound for Savoonga and Gambell. Captain William C. Arant (39), who had 6,607 flying hours prior to the journey, and First Officer Gerald W. Schaefer (28) who had 2,738 flight hours were on board. The flight from Nome to Savoonga was uneventful, and the plane departed Savoonga for Gambell at 1:27 pm Bering daylight time. As Gambell did not have a control tower, the Wien agent at Gambell, upon hearing the plane radio its departure from Savoonga, turned on the non-directional beacon at Gambell to aid the flight's crew in navigation.
Fog was prevalent in the Gambell area, and the crew discussed strategies to land at the airport. After several missed approaches, the plane flew north over the community, and turned east, and then south to make one final pass. The plane passed over Troutman Lake east of Gambell, and turned south, before impacting Sevuokuk Mountain at an elevation of 424 feet (130 m).
After impact, the plane broke apart and was propelled up the mountain approximately 132 feet (40 m), coming to rest inverted. A fire broke out, and the residents of the village came to aid, attempting to put the fire out with hand-held extinguishers. All but one of the injured passengers were able to escape the wreckage. Most of the injured or killed passengers were natives of Nome, Gambell, or Savoonga.

## Cause

The cause of the crash, according to the NTSB, was improper IFR (Instrument flight rules) operation, failing to adhere to instrument approach procedures. The airplane collided with a mountain on a missed approach to landing, after multiple missed approaches. The weather at the airport was unsafe for landing, with a low ceiling and sea fog.
# 1977 Birmingham Ladywood by-election

The Birmingham Ladywood by-election of 18 August 1977 was held after Labour Member of Parliament (MP) Brian Walden resigned in order to concentrate on his career as a journalist and broadcaster. A safe Labour seat, it was retained by the party.
At the count, the Socialist Unity candidate, Raghib Ahsan, punched the National Front candidate, Anthony Reed Herbert.

## Results

Birmingham Ladywood, 1977 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | John Sever | 8,227 | 53.13 | −11.34 |
| | Conservative | Quentin Davies | 4,402 | 28.43 | +6.33 |
| | National Front | Anthony Reed Herbert | 888 | 5.73 | New |
| | Liberal | Kenneth Hardeman | 765 | 4.94 | −8.49 |
| | Socialist Unity | Raghib Ahsan | 534 | 3.49 | New |
| | Independent | James Hunte | 336 | 2.17 | New |
| | Socialist Workers | Kim Gordon | 152 | 0.98 | New |
| | Independent Conservative | George Matthews | 71 | 0.46 | New |
| | Reform Party | Peter Courtney | 63 | 0.41 | New |
| | Air Road Public Safety | Bill Boaks | 46 | 0.30 | New |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 3,825 | 24.70 | −17.7 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 15,484 | | |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | -8.84 | |
# All Saints' Church, West Heslerton

All Saints' Church is the parish church of West Heslerton, a village in North Yorkshire, in England.
The church was built in the 13th century, and was formerly dedicated to Saint Andrew. In 1848, it was described as a "neat structure". The chancel was partly rebuilt in 1859. In 1886, C. Hodgson Fowler heavily restored the building, and most of the structure is now his work, with little other than the chancel surviving from earlier periods. The church was grade II listed in 1966.
The church is built of sandstone with slate roofs, and consists of a nave, a north aisle, a chancel and a vestry. On the west gable is a bellcote, and there is a cross on the east gable. The north side of the chancel has two early lancet windows, and two of the three on its south side are also original. The east window, rebuilt by Fowler, has three stepped lancets and stained glass by Charles Eamer Kempe. Other stained glass is by Clayton and Bell, and the west window is by Rosemary Rutherford. There is also an original doorway in the north wall, originally to the outside, later to the vestry, but now blocked. Inside, there is an Easter Sepulchre dating from about 1300, an octagonal font probably designed by William Butterfield, a piscina and several memorials.
# Charlie Swanson

Charles Swanson (born February 20, 1998) is an American swimmer. He won the gold medal in the men's 400 metre individual medley event at the 2019 Pan American Games held in Lima, Peru.
# Expo Hokkaido '82

Expo Hokkaido '82 (Japanese: '82北海道博覧会) was an exhibition in Japan held at Tsukisamu Dome and outside fairgrounds, from June 12 - August 22, 1982.
Its theme was "Departure for the Northern Age". It received over 2.6 million visitors.

## Pavilions

* Theme Pavilion "Round theater The Northern Age" - Utilized Tsukisamu Dome.
* Sub theme pavilions
** Energy Pavilion
** Food Pavilion
** Northern Hemisphere Pavilion
* World Bazaar
* Transportation for Tomorrow Pavilion
* Daiei Pavilion"Omnimax theater"
* Suntory Pavilion "Water Land"
* 21st Century Science Pavilion
* Environment Pavilion
* All Japan Tourism & Local Products Pavilion
* UCC Coffee Pavilion
* COOP Rainbow Pavilion
* Japan Tobacco and Salt Pavilion "Cigalt"
* Future Information Technology Pavilion
* Nature Square
** Nikka Nature Pavilion
* Mitsui Pegasus Pavilion
* Snow Brand Pavilion
* Human Square
* Ueshima Kids Circus Pavilion
* Festival Square
* Amusement area "Family Land" - The "Loop the Loop" Shuttle roller coaster, Ferris wheels, Pirate Ship and other facilities were installed.
# Great Range

The Great Range is a mountain range in the Adirondack Mountains, near Keene Valley, New York, United States. It rises in the heart of the High Peaks region between Ausable Lakes to the southeast and the Johns Brook Valley to the northwest.
The range is approximately 12 miles (19 km) long and includes seven of the forty-six High Peaks. They are, along the main ridge from northeast to southwest, Lower Wolfjaw, Upper Wolfjaw, Armstrong, Gothics, Saddleback, Basin, and Haystack. Sawteeth is a spur of Gothics, and Marcy is often associated with the Great Range but it is not a "historical" part of the Great Range.
The entire range can be hiked on six maintained trails, and is considered a premier challenge for hikers in the Adirondacks. From the Rooster Comb trailhead at the northeast end of the range, the Rooster Comb Trail, Hedgehog Mountain Trail, W. A. White Trail, ADK Range Trail, and State Range Trail travel along the ridges between the peaks. The State Range Trail continues southwest to Haystack and Marcy. The total distance to Mt. Marcy is 13.5 miles (21.7 km). A side trip to Rooster Comb can be made which adds an additional mile of distance. There are no lean-tos and only a single campsite on the route.
# Ein as-Sahla

Ein as-Sahla (Arabic: عين السهلة, Hebrew: עין א-סהלה) is an Arab village in Haifa District, Israel. The village is located in the Wadi Ara area of the northern Triangle. The village has about 2,000 residents. Since 1996, it has been under the jurisdiction of the Basma local council. The vast majority of the residents in Ein as-Sahla adhere to Islam.

## History

Flint tools from the Epipalaeolithic (possibly Kebarrian) and Neolithic eras have been found here, as has pottery sherds from the Persian and Hellenistic eras.

### Ottoman

According to oral tradition of the residents, the founder of the Kabha clan moved from Bayt Jibrin to Ya'bad in the 18th century. Some of the clan members left Ya'bad in the mid-19th century searching for sources of living, and they found a spring with pastures for their cattle and bought the lands around it and established Barta'a. Ein as-Sahla was established as a daughter village of Barta'a in the 19th century.

### British Mandate era

During the British Mandate rule, the village was within the boundaries of Ar'ara.

### 1948 and after

During the 1948 Arab–Israeli War the village and the surrounding area came under Iraqi control. In March 1949 Jordanian forces replaced the Iraqi forces in Wadi Ara. On 3 April 1949 Israel and Jordan signed an armistice agreement, in which Israel would receive the Wadi Ara area.
After Israeli independence, the population of the village increased and martial law was implemented, which led to the settlement becoming a separate village in 1963. In 1973 the first mosque, named Abu Bakr Al-sidik, was built and in 1989 the second one, named Al-Huda Mosque, was built.
Ein as-Sahla lacked municipal status after the establishment of Israel and was under the administration of mukhtars (village headmen) appointed by the Interior Ministry. In 1992, the Interior Ministry established the Nahal Iron regional council, which included Ein as-Sahla and seven other villages. The locals objected to this administrative arrangement, and sought independent municipal status for each village. To allay local concerns, the Interior Ministry established an investigative committee to examine other options, and in 1996, decided to split the regional council into two local councils, Ma'ale Iron and Basma, which includes Ein as-Sahala.

## Education

Ein as-Sahla has five kindergartens and an elementary school with 19 classes.

## Geography

Ein as-Sahla occupies Mount Al-Khataf, which overlooks Wadi Ara. In the middle of the village there is a spring which gives it its name "Spring of the Plain". The village has a neighbourhood on the foot of the hill which has 350 residents. The village is surrounded by nature, which attracts tourists. The only established entrance to the village is through Ar'ara.

## Sports

Ein as-Sahla has a local football club called "Hapoel Ein Sahla", participating in Liga Bet. The club has an adult and a youth team and they host matches in a soccer fields located in Barta'a.
# Mouilleron-en-Pareds

Mouilleron-en-Pareds (French pronunciation:) is a former commune in the Vendée department in the Pays de la Loire region in western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Mouilleron-Saint-Germain. It is in the arrondissement of Fontenay-le-Comte.
It is known as the place of birth of Charles-Louis Largeteau (who contributed to the establishment of the Greenwich Meridian), Georges Clemenceau (head of the French government during World War I and who signed the Treaty of Versailles with Lloyd George, Vittorio Emanuele Orlando and Woodrow Wilson) and Marshal Jean de Lattre de Tassigny (who led the French First Army during the liberation of France with the Allied forces in 1945).
# Rob Myers

Rob Myers (born April 9, 1986) is a former American football tight end. He was signed by the New York Jets as an undrafted free agent in 2009. He played college football at Utah State.
Myers has also been a member of the Philadelphia Eagles, New England Patriots, Buffalo Bills, Washington Redskins and Indianapolis Colts.

## Early life

Myers was born in Dallas, Texas and attended Bellaire High School in Bellaire, Texas. He lettered in football as a wide receiver three times, and lacrosse twice.

## College career

Myers played college football at Utah State. He was redshirted his first year and played in eight games his freshman year on special teams. Myers had a groin injury during the preseason of his sophomore year, but managed to come back to make 10 catches for 125 yards. He was named the John Mackey tight end of the Week on November 21, 2007 after catching four passes for 117 yards and two touchdowns. He also had a career-long 37-yard pass reception. In his junior year, he played in all 12 games with four starts, and had 21 receptions for 320 yards, which ranked second on the team in both yards and receptions. He also led all tight ends nationally with a 15.2 yards per catch average. Myers was named to the All-Western Athletic Conference team in the preseason of his senior year, but suffered a turf toe injury that required surgery that caused him to miss the entire year.
In his career, he made 31 catches for 445 yards and three touchdowns.

## Professional career
### New York Jets

After not being selected in the 2009 NFL draft, Myers signed with the New York Jets as an undrafted free agent. He was waived on May 29.

### Philadelphia Eagles

Due to injuries to backups Cornelius Ingram and Matt Schobel, Myers was signed by the Philadelphia Eagles on August 8, 2009. He was waived on September 5, 2009. He was re-signed to the team's practice squad on September 6. He was released from the practice squad on September 24.

### New England Patriots

Myers was signed to the practice squad of the New England Patriots on November 3, 2009. After spending the entire season on the practice squad, he was re-signed to a future contract on January 12, 2010. He was waived on September 3.

### Buffalo Bills

Myers was signed to the Buffalo Bills' practice squad on September 13, 2010. He was released on October 1.

### Indianapolis Colts

Myers was signed to the Indianapolis Colts' practice squad on October 27, 2010. He was re-signed to the team's active roster following the season, but was placed on injured reserve after suffering an injury during training camp. He was waived with an injury settlement on August 24, 2011.

### Washington Redskins

The Washington Redskins signed Myers to the team's practice squad on November 17, 2011, and he was released on December 18. He was re-signed to the practice squad the following day on December 19 and promoted to the active roster on December 20. Myers had his NFL debut in Week 17 against the Philadelphia Eagles.
The Redskins waived Myers on May 14, 2012.