OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Orban

Orban, also known as Urban (Hungarian: Orbán; died 1453), was an iron founder and engineer from Brassó, Transylvania, in the Kingdom of Hungary (today Brașov, Romania), who cast large-calibre artillery, Basilic, for the siege of Constantinople by the Ottomans in 1453.
Orban was Hungarian, according to most modern authors, while some scholars also mention his potential German ancestry. Alternative theories suggest he had Wallachian roots. Laonikos Chalkokondyles used the term Dacian to describe him.
He had offered his services to the Byzantines in 1452, a year before the Ottomans attacked the city, but the Byzantine emperor Constantine XI could not afford Orban's high salary nor did the Byzantines possess the materials necessary for constructing such a large siege cannon. Orban then left Constantinople and approached the Ottoman sultan Mehmed II, who was preparing to besiege the city. Claiming that his weapon could blast 'the walls of Babylon itself', Orban was given abundant funds and materials by the sultan. Orban managed to build the giant gun within three months at Adrianople, whence sixty oxen dragged it to Constantinople. Orban also produced other, smaller cannons used by the Turkish siege forces.
Bombarding technology similar to Orban's had first been developed for the Hungarian Army. It rose in popularity during the early 1400s all over western Europe, transforming siege warfare. Examples of pieces similar to Orban's productions like the Faule Mette, Dulle Griet, Mons Meg and the Pumhart von Steyr are still extant from the period. Orban, along with an entire crew, was probably killed during the siege when one of his cannons exploded, which was not an unusual occurrence during that time.
# Suzanne Fournier

Suzanne Fournier is a former chief of public affairs for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) in Washington, DC.
Prior to her assignment as chief of public affairs, she served as a civilian employee of USACE in Iraq as part of the U.S. military deployment, and she was a blogger for the web site Cincinnati.com (the web site of The Cincinnati Enquirer), under the name "Grandma in Iraq." Her blog became controversial because although it was stated on the blog that she was a U.S. government employee, some readers of the blog were unaware that she was really a public affairs officer for the Gulf Region Southern District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Some readers argued that Fournier was trying to sway public opinion without disclosing her identity as a professional public information officer.
A Freedom of Information Act request resulted in release of emails between Fournier, other USACE employees and The Cincinnati Enquirer. The blog was eventually discontinued.
# Xiaodian station

Xiaodian Station (Chinese: 小淀站), is a station of Line 3 of the Tianjin Metro. It started operations on 1 October 2012.
Media related to Xiaodian Station at Wikimedia Commons.
# Jerome Street Bridge

The Jerome Street Bridge is an arch bridge across the Youghiogheny River connecting the east and west banks of the Pittsburgh industrial suburb of McKeesport, Pennsylvania. The bridge is a rare steel crescent arch bridge. A crescent arch is formed when the intrados and extrados (the ribs) of the arch are not parallel, but instead form two different curves beginning and ending together. The ribs form a truss at the top of the arch and join together in a solid rib at each end. A crescent arch is a two-hinged arch, the ribs are further apart where the bending moment is greatest and close together at each hinge where it is minimized.

## History and architectural features

This bridge was engineered by George S. Richardson. A Great Depression-era public works bond was provided to fund the creation of a new auto-centric four-lane highway bridge.
The bridge was dedicated on May 3, 1938 and opened to traffic on May 4. Thousands of people attended the ceremony and parade to celebrate the new bridge. The total cost of the new bridge was $667,000.
Originally, the Fifth Avenue Bridge stood on the site. This 1880's truss structure mainly served streetcar traffic and was inadequate for automobiles. It was intended that after the Jerome Street Bridge opened that the older, downstream Third Avenue Bridge (1884) would also be demolished. This suspension bridge structure was also unsafe for continued automobile use. A petition signed by 5,000 people made the Allegheny County commissioners reconsider the plan. The Third Avenue Bridge was kept open for pedestrians only, but was eventually demolished in 1960.
After the city renamed Jerome Street which approached the bridge after incumbent Republican Mayor George Lysle, they proposed that the Youghiogheny crossing receive the same eponym. However, the Franklin Roosevelt administration contended that public works dollars could not be used to memorialize living officeholders. As a result, the Jerome Street designation was chosen, and it remains in place today, although it is sometimes referred to as the Lysle Boulevard Bridge.

## Rehabilitation projects

A 2022 project replaced the bridge deck using polyester polymer concrete, repaired the concrete substructure, and replaced the bridge bearings. The work was completed in November 2022.
# Charles Clegg

Charles Myron Clegg Jr. (June 29, 1916 – August 25, 1979) was an American author, photographer, and railroad historian. Clegg is primarily remembered as the lifelong romantic partner of famed railroad author Lucius Beebe, and was a co-author of many of Beebe's best-known books.
Born into an old New England family, Clegg grew up in Rhode Island, and during his early years developed strong interests in railroads, electronics, and photography. In 1940, Clegg met Beebe while both were house guests at the Washington, D.C. home of Evalyn Walsh McLean. The two soon became inseparable, developing a personal and professional relationship that continued for the rest of Beebe's life.
The pair initially lived in New York City, where Beebe was a columnist for the New York Herald Tribune and both men were prominent in café society circles. During the lavender panic, the two moved in 1950 to Virginia City, Nevada, a tiny community that had once been a fabled mining boomtown. There, they reactivated and began publishing the Territorial Enterprise, a fabled 19th-century newspaper that had once been the employer of Mark Twain. Beebe and Clegg shared a renovated mansion in the town, and also owned a private railroad car, redone in a Victorian Baroque style. The pair traveled extensively, and remained prominent in social circles. Clegg and Beebe sold the Territorial Enterprise in 1961, and purchased a home in suburban San Francisco. They continued the writing, photography, and travel that had marked their lives until Beebe's death from a heart attack in 1966. Beebe left the bulk of his $2 million estate to Clegg (with provision for T-Bone Towser II, their Newfoundland). Clegg died by suicide in 1979, on the day that he reached the precise age at which Beebe had died.
Beebe authored over thirty-five books during his lifetime, approximately half of which were in collaboration with Clegg. It is likely that Clegg's contributions were primarily photographic in nature; his images were known for an expressive quality that helped broaden the artistic scope of railroad photography. The library of photographs produced by Clegg and Beebe are now in the collections of the California State Railroad Museum.
# Ireen van den Assem

Ireen Maria Regine van den Assem (born 9 February 1990) is a Dutch field hockey player who plays as a defender for Den Bosch and the Dutch national team.
She participated at the 2018 Women's Hockey World Cup.
# Owińska

Owińska is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Czerwonak, within Poznań County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north of Czerwonak and 12 km (7 mi) north of the regional capital Poznań.
Owińska lies close to the Warta river, on the main road and railway line from Poznań to Wągrowiec. In the village are a former Cistercian convent (now a school for the blind), a Renaissance church, and a palace built in late classical style (1804–1806).

## World War II

During 1943 - 1945 it was named Treskau by Nazi Germany.
Owińska was the location of a mental hospital where approximately 1,000 patients were murdered by Nazi Germany during World War II. They were shot in the back of the neck in the nearby forest. The victims were buried in 28 mass graves. In the second stage of the same "aktion" conducted after October 26, 1939, the remaining patients were taken to a bunker in Fort VII and gassed with carbon monoxide released from steel bottles. A year later, additional 200 patients from Poznań were brought in and gassed at the same location.
From August 1943 to January 1945 the Germans operated a subcamp of the Gross-Rosen concentration camp in the village, whose prisoners were mostly Poles and Russians.

## Cultural heritage

The village has several registered sites of cultural heritage: Owińska Palace, mental hospital complex, Cistercian nuns monastery complex, St.Nicholas churh, and a brewery.
# Eugen Mühlberger

Eugen Mühlberger (30 August 1902 – 1 August 1944 or 1943) was a German weightlifter, who competed in the featherweight category and represented Germany at international competitions. He won German national championships in 1925–27, 1929, 1930 and 1932. He competed at the 1928 Summer Olympics, where he placed 11th among 21 competitors. Mühlberger set the world record in the featherweight category in the snatch, lifting 93 kg on 18 March 1929 in Hamburg. He won the European Weightlifting Championships in 1930, placed second the following year, held the world record in his division in 1931, but did not attend the 1932 Summer Olympics held in Los Angeles.
Mühlberger died during the Second World War in August 1944 having been missing in action while fighting on the eastern front in the Soviet Union.
# Eleanor Manners, Countess of Rutland

Eleanor Manners, Countess of Rutland (née Paston; c. 1495 – 1551), was lady-in-waiting to five wives of King Henry VIII of England: Anne Boleyn, Jane Seymour, Anne of Cleves, Katherine Howard, and Katherine Parr.

## Marriage

The daughter of Sir William Paston (son of Sir John Paston) and Bridget Heydon (daughter of Sir Henry Heydon), she married Thomas Manners, 12th Baron de Ros, by 1523, and became known as Countess of Rutland when he was elevated to the earldom few years later. The first of the couple's eleven or more children, a daughter named Anne, was born the same year or soon thereafter. Lady Rutland's continuous pregnancies did not hinder her career at court and she continued bearing children until 1539, the last child, a daughter named Katherine, being born weeks after the wedding of another daughter, Gertrude. Katherine was named in honour of the Duchess of Suffolk, whom Lady Rutland admired.

### Life at court

Lady Rutland's earliest recorded appearance at court was at the investiture of Anne Boleyn with the Marquessate of Pembroke in 1532. The next month, Lady Rutland and her husband accompanied Henry VIII and Anne to Calais, where the latter was to be introduced to King Francis I of France. Despite their support for Henry's reform, Lord and Lady Rutland remained conservative Catholics. It is likely that she became Anne Boleyn's lady-in-waiting after she married Henry, a position she held under the next three queens – Jane Seymour, Anne of Cleves and Katherine Howard.
She was a senior lady-in-waiting to Anne of Cleves, the King's fourth wife, and knew that the marriage was unconsummated. In February 1540, Anne praised the King as a kind husband, saying to Lady Rutland: "When he comes to bed he kisseth me, and he taketh me by the hand, and biddeth me 'Good night, sweetheart'; and in the morning kisseth me and biddeth 'Farewell, darling'." Lady Rutland responded: "Madam, there must be more than this, or it will be long ere we have a duke of York, which all this realm most desireth."

## Widowhood

Lady Rutland remained in close contact with her father after her marriage. He comforted her in 1543 when Lord Rutland died and helped her probate and perform his will. Upon her death in 1550, Lady Rutland was buried in St Mary the Virgin's Church, Bottesford.

## Issue

* Anne Manners, wife of Henry Neville, 5th Earl of Westmorland
* Gertrude Manners, wife of George Talbot, 6th Earl of Shrewsbury
* Henry Manners, 2nd Earl of Rutland
* Roger Manners (died 1607), a squire of the body to Elizabeth I, unmarried
* Elizabeth Manners (c. 1530 – 8 August 1570) married Sir John Savage of Rocksavage
* Oliver Manners
* Frances Manners, married Henry Nevill, 6th Baron Bergavenny; grandmother of Francis Fane, 1st Earl of Westmorland
* Sir Thomas Manners, grandfather of Thomas Vavasour, 1st Baronet
* Sir John Manners of Haddon Hall (c. 1534 – 4 June 1611), husband of Dorothy Vernon
* Isabel Manners, died young
* Katherine Manners, married Sir Henry Capell, Sheriff of Essex
# T. Greg Doucette

Thomas Gregory ("T. Greg") Doucette (born 1981) is an American lawyer best known for indexing videos of police brutality. He originally compiled the videos in a Twitter thread and received thousands of submissions via direct message. Mathematician Jason Miller began a public spreadsheet to track the content.
He ran as a Republican in District 22 of the North Carolina Senate in 2016, but lost to the Democratic incumbent Mike Woodward.
# Paul Conroy (journalist)

Paul Conroy (born 18 July 1964) is a British freelance photographer and filmmaker who works in the British media. A former soldier with the Royal Artillery between 1980 and 1987, he has since worked extensively as a journalist in combat zones, producing footage from conflicts in the Balkans, the Middle East, and Libya. In 2011, he was shortlisted for the PRX Bayeux TV report along with Marie Colvin, a war correspondent with The Sunday Times.

## Early life

Conroy was born on 18 July 1964 in Liverpool to Les Conroy and his wife Joan (née Mountain). He has two brothers and a sister.

## 2011-2012 Syrian uprising

On 22 February 2012 during the Syrian uprising, Conroy was injured while covering events from the Syrian city of Homs, a stronghold of Syrian opposition forces, after the building where he and other journalists were based was shelled by Syrian government forces. Marie Colvin and French photojournalist Remi Ochlik were killed in the attack, while Conroy was injured along with another journalist, French reporter Édith Bouvier of Le Figaro.
Conroy suffered leg injuries in the attack and was subsequently smuggled out of the city and across the Syrian border to Lebanon. Avaaz coordinated the evacuation out of the city, but about twenty Syrian activists died during the evacuation operation.
French President Nicolas Sarkozy described the killing of Colvin and Ochlik as an assassination. It is believed that the journalists were targeted. The editor of The Sunday Times said he believed his reporter had been targeted. Conroy later described the situation in Homs as an "indiscriminate massacre" and "slaughter" and compared it to the destruction inflicted on Grozny during the Chechen Wars.
Conroy later wrote a book covering the events.

## Personal life

Conroy married Katherine Joye "Kate" Baird in Fort William, Highland, Scotland in 1998. They have three sons together: Max (born 1992), Kim (born 1994) and Otto (born 2000 ). He is a supporter of football club Liverpool F.C.
# Jesse Powell Towers

The Jesse Powell Towers are a residential apartment highrise at 1010 Wolfe Street in Little Rock, Arkansas. Built in 1975, it is a nine-story skyscraper, with a steel frame clad in brick and concrete, housing 169 residential units. It was designed by Stowers & Stowers for the city as public senior housing, and exemplifies a design principle espoused by Le Corbusier known as the "tower in a park", with a large landscaped green area surrounding the building.
The apartments were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2017.
# Matthias Döschner

Matthias Döschner (born 12 January 1958) is a former German footballer.
He spent much of his career with SG Dynamo Dresden, playing 253 matches in the DDR-Oberliga. After the Wende Döschner was under contract at SC Fortuna Köln.
He also won 40 caps for East Germany.
# Oil can

An oil can (oilcan or oiler) is a can that holds oil (usually motor oil) for lubricating machines. An oil can can also be used to fill oil-based lanterns. An occupation, referred to as an oiler, can use an oil can (among other tools) to lubricate machinery.
Oil cans were made by companies like Noera Manufacturing Company and Perfection in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Around this time, oil cans frequently leaked and contributed to fires. In 1957, aluminium oil cans were introduced, produced by companies like the American Can Company.
Rocanville, Saskatchewan, Canada is home to a large-scale oil can industry because of the Symons Oiler factory which produced oil cans during World War II.

## Design

Oil cans come in a variety of designs, from a simple cylindrical disposable can opened with a churchkey (or with a combined spout-opener), to a hemisphere base and tapered straight spout to more intricate designs with handles and push-buttons, to the modern plastic bottle. In 2000, the 3-In-One Oil can was redesigned to look like the early 20th century design (hemisphere base with tapered straight spout).
# Vranštica

Vranštica (Serbian: Вранштица) is a village in the municipality of Aleksandrovac, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 75 people.
# Ted Gullicksen

Ted Gullicksen (1953 – October 14, 2014) was an influential social justice activist from San Francisco and the "office manager" (an intentionally modest title) of the progressive tenant rights collective San Francisco Tenants Union from 1988 until his death in October, 2014. His collectivism, discipline, and strategic acumen resulted in unparalleled electoral success and influence for the otherwise out-resourced progressive movement.
Born in Quincy, Massachusetts, and raised in nearby Weymouth, he graduated from Weymouth High School in 1971. While a student at Bridgewater State College, Gullicksen helped found and run an alternative newspaper called Hard Times covering social justice issues. After graduation, he helped launch and later became editor of the Taunton Community Journal.
In 1984, he moved to San Francisco, California, and began his career at the Tenant's Union in 1988. Besides political advocacy and direct action, Gullicksen supervised the Tenants Union's tenants rights counseling program, begun in 1970, staffed entirely by volunteers, and serving thousands of renters annually.
In 1992, Gullicksen co-founded Homes Not Jails, which organized a housing takeover at Wherry Housing in the Presidio that ultimately led to affordable housing for veterans.
# Scurria ceciliana

Scurria ceciliana is a species of sea snail, a true limpet, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Lottiidae, one of the families of true limpets.

## Subspecies

* Scurria ceciliana ceciliana (d'Orbigny, 1841)
* Scurria ceciliana magellanica (Strebel, 1907)
# Tenant Union Federation

The Tenant Union Federation (TUF) is a national federation of tenants' unions in the United States, describing itself as a "union of unions".
The TUF was founded in 2024 by the Kansas City Tenants Union, Connecticut Tenant Union, Louisville Tenant Union, Bozeman Tenants United and Not Me We.
The Director of the Tenant Union Federation is currently Tara Raghuveer.

## Establishment

The COVID-19 pandemic saw tenants face increased housing insecurity, due to many landlords' hiking rents, as well as an increased threat of eviction during lockdowns and slowed economic activity. This compounded with existing factors, such as high rents and poor housing maintenance by landlords These issues resulted in the formation of new tenants' advocacy organizations in the form of tenants' unions
Some tenants' unions considered that local organizing only within their city area had limits whilst many landlords' property portfolios and political influence span beyond that locality. Responding to this, efforts began in April 2024 to form a national organization between five tenants' unions—Kansas City Tenants Union, Connecticut Tenant Union, Louisville Tenant Union, Bozeman Tenants United and Not Me We. After the members of the five unions voted in favor of forming a federation of the trade unions, in June, the national leadership team of the TUF held its first meeting. The Tenant Union Federation was officially launched in August 2024. The establishment of the TUF marked the largest campaign of tenant unionism since the National Tenants Union of the late 70s and 80s.
Each union sends two representatives to the national leadership team of the TUF. KC Tenants Union representative Tara Raghuveer was chosen as the first Director of the Tenant Union Federation.
Tara Raghuveer has said that the TUF plans to expand the membership of the federation in 2025. In the meantime, the TUF is focused on developing training and support for new tenants' organizations. The TUF also intends to connect with organized labor.
# Bill Huck

Bill Huck (born 9 March 1965 in Dresden) is a German racing cyclist who won the world championships in sprint 1989, 1990. He competed for the SC Dynamo Berlin / Sportvereinigung (SV) Dynamo.
# Zach Kline

Zach Kline (born October 13, 1993) is an American former professional Canadian football quarterback. He played at the University of California, Berkeley, Butte College, Indiana State University, returned to the University of California, Berkeley, and as a graduate transfer at Fresno State.
Kline was nationally ranked as the number 2 pro-style quarterback in the 2012 high school class. Kline committed to play for Jeff Tedford at the University of California, Berkeley, where he enrolled early at the start of 2012. Kline redshirted during the 2012 season, after which Jeff Tedford was fired. Kline lost the ensuing quarterback competition to Jared Goff under new Cal head coach Sonny Dykes. After Cal went 1–11 during the 2013 season, Kline elected to transfer.
Despite brief news of Kline transferring to Oregon State, an internal Pac-12 transfer blocked by Sonny Dykes, Kline enrolled in Oroville's Butte College for the 2014 season.
After the 2014 season at Butte College, Kline transferred to Div 1 FCS Indiana State University, where he was backup quarterback for the 2015 season; he appeared in 3 games. Following the 2015 season, Kline returned to the University of California Berkeley in pursuit of his degree. Following the departure of offensive coordinator Tony Franklin, Kline rejoined the Cal Football Team for 2016 spring practices.
During the 2016 Cal Spring Game, Kline was 15–16 for 202 yards with 2 touchdowns. However, Cal took graduate transfer Davis Webb as their starter for the 2016 season. Kline graduated with a degree in English in summer 2016, and transferred to Fresno State University where he played for Tim DeRuyter before his firing.
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 2042

United Nations Security Council Resolution 2042 was unanimously adopted on 14 April 2012.

## Content

The resolution, which authorizes the dispatch of an advance team of up to 30 unarmed military observers to Syria to monitor compliance with the ceasefire agreement, passed 15-0.
The observers will be tasked with establishing and maintaining contact with both sides of the conflict, and making reports on compliance with the ceasefire agreement until a full mission is deployed in the country.
# Lully Miura

Ruri Lully Miura is a Japanese essayist and academic in the field of International Politics.

## Biography

Miura graduated from the University of Tokyo and the Graduate School of Public Policy (GraSPP), and completed a PhD at the Graduate School for Law and Politics of the University of Tokyo. She was a researcher at the Policy Alternatives Research Institute (PARI) of the University of Tokyo until 2013, when she was appointed a lecturer.
Miura has founded her own think tank, Yamaneko Research Institute, Inc.
2003 married with Kiyoshi Miura, divorce on 2024.