OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Justus Christian Loder

Justus Ferdinand Christian Loder (12 March 1753 – 16 April 1832) was a German anatomist and surgeon who was a native of Riga.

## Biography

In 1777 Loder earned his medical doctorate at the University of Göttingen, and the following year was appointed professor of surgery and anatomy at the University of Jena, where he practiced medicine for the next 25 years. At Jena he was responsible for the establishment of an anatomical theatre and an Accouchierhaus (maternity house). In 1780-81, at the expense of the Duke of Weimar, he took a scientific journey to France, England and Holland, a trip in which he made the acquaintance of several well-known physicians and scientists — Louis-Jean-Marie Daubenton, Jean-Louis Baudelocque, Félix Vicq-d'Azyr and John Hunter, among others.
In 1803 he transferred to the University of Halle, where he established a clinic of obstetrics. After the closing of the University of Halle by Napoleon in 1806, he became personal physician to the Prussian royal family at Königsberg. Later he relocated to Russia, where in 1810 he became personal physician to Czar Alexander I. Between 1814 and 1817 he was in charge of the military hospital in Moscow. He died in Moscow on 16 April 1832.
From 1794 to 1803 he published Tabulae anatomicae, which was a masterpiece containing a complete collection of anatomical illustrations of the human body. The work was one of the largest and most comprehensive anatomical atlases in its time. During his career, Loder maintained ongoing friendships with Christoph Wilhelm Hufeland and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, both of whom had taken anatomy classes from Loder.

## Written works

* Anatomisches Handbuch, volume 1, 1788 (second edition- 1800).
* Anfangsgründe der chirurgischen Anthropologie und der Staatsarzneikunde, 1791 (third edition- 1800, (Rudiments of surgical anthropology and the state pharmacology).
* Chirurgisch-medicinische Beobachtungen, mehrentheils in der herzogl. Saxon-Weimar Krankenanstalt zu Jena gesammelt, volume 1- 1794.
* Tabulae anatomicae quas ad illustrandam humani corporis fabricam, (1794–1803).
* Grundriß der Anatomie des menschlichen Körpers. Zum Gebrauche bei Vorlesungen und Secir-Uebungen, volume 1- 1806 (Outline the anatomy of the human body; for use in lectures and exercises, dissections).
* Elementa anatomiae humani corporis, 1823.
* Index praeparatorum aliarumque rerum ad anatomen spectantium, quae in museo Caes. Universitatis Mosquensis servantur, 1823 (second edition- 1826).
# Veronica Nduva

Veronica Mueni Nduva CBS (born 1976) is the 7th and current Secretary-General of the East African Community. She is the first woman to be appointed in this role.

## Career

Nduva succeeded Dr. Peter Mathuki as the Secretary General of the East African Community (EAC) after he was recalled by Kenya in March 2024 and reassigned as the country's Ambassador to Moscow. Initially, Kenya had nominated Caroline Mwende Mueke for the position but later replaced her with Nduva, a decision announced by Kenya's Cabinet Secretary for EAC Affairs, Peninah Malonza, in a letter dated April 15, 2024. Nduva made history as the first female Secretary General of the EAC and was officially sworn into office on June 7, 2024, during the 23rd Extra-Ordinary Meeting of the EAC Heads of State, held virtually from State House in Juba, South Sudan.

## Background and education

Nduva holds a Master of Arts in Communication (2016) and a Bachelor of Arts in Political Science and Public Administration (2000), both from the University of Nairobi.

## Honours, awards and recognition
### Honours

| Year | Country | Order | Ribbon |
| 2023 | Kenya | 1st Class – Chief of the Order of the Burning Spear (C.B.S.) | |
# Mantus (band)

Mantus is a German band from Cologne, formed in 1997 by Martin Schindler. It is a goth/metal duo and a music project from the Dark culture scene. The band's name derives from the eponymous god of the underworld of the Etruscans. The band was disbanded in 2005 but reunited in 2008. Mantus is signed to the German record label Trisol Music Group.

## Members
### Current members

* Martin Schindler — music, lyrics, vocals (1997–present)
* Chiara Amberia — vocals (since 2012)

### Former members

* Tina Schindler — vocals (until 2012)

## Discography
### Albums

* Liebe und Tod (2000)
* Abschied (2001)
* Fremde Welten (2002)
* Weg ins Paradies (2003)
* Ein Hauch von Wirklichkeit (2004)
* Zeit muss enden (2005)
* Chronik (Best of) (2006)
* Requiem (2009)
* Demut (2010)
* Die Hochzeit von Himmel und Hölle (2010)
* Zeichen (2011)
* Wölfe (2012)
* Fatum (Best Of) (2013)
* Portrait aus Wut und Trauer (2014)
* Melancholia (2015)
* Refugium (2016)
* Staub & Asche (2018)
* Katharsis (2019)
* Manifest (2021)
* Verstärker (2023)

### EPs

* Keine Liebe (2004)
* Königreich der Angst (2009)
* Sünder (2011)
# Henry De Mel

Sir Henry Lawson De Mel, CBE (21 January 1877 – 8 May 1936) was a Ceylonese industrialist, lawyer, philanthropist and politician. He was a member of the Legislative Council and founder of the H.L. De Mel & Co.

## Early life and education

Henry De Mel was born 21 January 1877, the son of Jacob De Mel (1839-1919) and Dona Helena née Ferdinando (1850-1906), a cousin of Sir Charles Henry de Soysa. He was one of fourteen children and was educated at S. Thomas' College and Royal College, Colombo.

## Legal and business career

In 1898, he started his legal career with the law firm Peiris & De Mel and was appointed a Proctor of the Supreme Court of Ceylon in 1904. He married Elsie Jayawickrame, the daughter of Mudaliyar S. H. Jayawickrame of Kurunegala. He later gave up his legal career to concentrate on his plantation and mining interests and was also an avid motorist. De Mel was the producer and exporter of the world's highest quality graphite and supplied Dixon Ticonderoga Company. In 1921, he built the De Mel Building on Chatham Street, Colombo Fort.

## Political career

In 1921 he was elected unopposed to the Legislative Council of Ceylon on behalf of the Low Country Products Association and at the same election his brother-in-law, Sir James Peiris, was also elected. In 1931 he was knighted for his services to the government of Ceylon.

## Family

His sons were the Right Reverend Lakdasa De Mel (1902-1976), the first Bishop of Kurunegala and R. S. F. de Mel, a former Mayor of Colombo. One daughter, Irene, married Dr. Percival Cholmondeley Chalmers de Silva (1904-1987), a renowned pediatrician. Another daughter, Helena, was married to Watson Pieris, son of Hannadige Joseph Pieris of Oliver Castle, Gregory's Road who was a cousin of Jeronis Pieris.

## Death

On 8 May 1936 Sir Henry De Mel died of injuries sustained after being shot while trying to resolve a dispute between two workers on one of his vast coconut plantations.

## Honors

He was the first Ceylonese to be appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 1918 New Year Honours for services to the Government of Ceylon. He was knighted as a Knight Bachelor in the 1931 Birthday Honours for public and philanthropic services. He had been appointed a Chevalier in the Belgian Order of the Crown.
# YMCA Cricket Club

YMCA Cricket Club is a cricket club in Dublin, Ireland, playing in Division 1 of the Leinster Senior League.
The club was established in 1890 and acquired its current grounds at Claremont Road in 1911. Senior status was achieved in 1934 and the club won the Leinster Senior League for the first time in 1955.
In 2024, the club withdrew from competitive cricket as a result of the ending of its lease of its grounds at Claremont Road.
Former Irish internationals include Alan Lewis, Angus Dunlop, Jonathan Garth, Mark Nulty, Stewart M. Taylor, Keith Bailey, Ian Lewis, Roderick Gill, Reginald Lyons, Reinhardt Strydom, Albert van der Merwe and Trent Johnston.

## Honours

* Leinster Senior League: 7
** 1955, 1965, 1986, 1990, 1993, 2014, 2023
* Leinster Senior League Cup: 12
** 1984, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1994, 2001, 2002, 2013, 2016, 2020
# Stodolsko

Stodolsko is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rakoniewice, within Grodzisk Wielkopolski County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) west of Rakoniewice, 14 km (9 mi) south-west of Grodzisk Wielkopolski, and 56 km (35 mi) south-west of the regional capital Poznań.
# Battle of Nakatomigawa

The Battle of Nakatomigawa (中富川の戦い) was fought on August 27 to August 28 of 1582 on Shikoku island between the Chōsokabe clan and the Miyoshi clan.

## History

The armies met on the banks of the Nakatomigawa on August 27, with the Chōsokabe army of 23,000 men enjoying a clear numerical superiority. The next day Chōsokabe Motochika sent 20,000 of his men against the Miyoshi army across the river and after fierce fighting the Miyoshi were defeated, suffering 800 dead while the Chōsokabe had 600 casualties.
# Sabine Gasteiger

Sabine Gasteiger (born 28 October 1956) is an Austrian Paralympic gold medallist. She was awarded a gold medal in 2006, as part of her Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria.

## Life

Gasteiger was born in 1956. She has very poor eyesight and she therefore competes as a paralympian. She skis for the Austrian national team.
She won a gold medal, two bronze and a silver at the 2006 Winter Paralympics in Turin.
She has two silver medals at the 2010 Winter Paralympics in Vancouver. She won the second silver medal in the women's giant slalom, visually impaired. She was the 2009 Austrian disabled sportsperson of the year.

## Personal life

Gasteiger is married to Emil who is also her companion as at 2007.
# Al Qanawis district

Al Qanawis District is a district of the Al Hudaydah Governorate, Yemen. As of 2003, the district had a population of 72,336 inhabitants.
# John Partridge House

The John Partridge House is a historic house in Millis, Massachusetts.

## History

John Partridge, Sr. was granted land to build a house sometime in 1659. While this year of build date is traditionally used, the house may have been built in the 18th century to its Georgian style architecture. The structure consists of a 2+1⁄2-story wood-frame house, five bays wide, with a side-gable roof, and large central chimney. The enclosed front porch featuring Greek Revival architecture was later added round 1840. Subsequent additions during the 19th century include the rear southeast kitchen ell, and side shed porch. In the 1930's the house was turned on its foundation to face its current position, and the last and latest addition includes a rear library ell added c. 1940. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.
# 2005 Abruzzo regional election

The Abruzzo regional election of 2005 took place on 3–4 April 2005.
Ottaviano Del Turco (Italian Democratic Socialists, then Democratic Party) defeated incumbent Giovanni Pace (National Alliance) by a landslide.

## Results

| Candidates & parties | votes | votes (%) | seats reg. list | seats prov. lists |
| Ottaviano Del Turco | 446,407 | 58.24 | 8 | 19 |
| Democrats of the Left | 136,430 | 18.60 | → | 6 |
| Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy | 122,764 | 16.73 | → | 6 |
| Italian Democratic Socialists | 38,221 | 5.21 | → | 2 |
| Communist Refoundation Party | 36,008 | 4.91 | → | 1 |
| UDEUR | 34,735 | 4.73 | → | 1 |
| Party of Italian Communists | 21,641 | 2.95 | → | 1 |
| Italy of Values | 17,982 | 2.45 | → | 1 |
| Federation of the Greens | 14,728 | 2.01 | → | 1 |
| Italian Democratic Socialist Party | 2,346 | 0.32 | → | 0 |
| Giovanni Pace | 311,547 | 40.65 | 1 | 12 |
| Forza Italia | 117,287 | 15.99 | → | 5 |
| National Alliance | 82,068 | 11.19 | → | 3 |
| Union of Christian and Centre Democrats | 61,761 | 8.42 | → | 3 |
| Christian Democracy | 20,462 | 2.79 | → | 1 |
| Moderates and Reformists | 8,509 | 1.16 | → | 0 |
| New PSI–PRI–PLI | 7,035 | 0.96 | → | 0 |
| Social Idea Movement | 5,213 | 0.71 | → | 0 |
| Fabrizio Bosio | 8,517 | 1.11 | - | - |
| Social Alternative | 6,468 | 0.88 | → | 0 |
| Total | 766,471 | 100.00 | 9 | 31 |
Source: Ministry of the Interior
# Keefer–Brubaker Farm

Keefer–Brubaker Farm, also known as the Oscar Fogle Farm, is a historic home and farm complex located at Taneytown, Carroll County, Maryland. It consists of a two-story six-by-two-bay log-and-frame house which is partially encased in brick and rests on a rubble stone foundation Also on the property is a frame summer kitchen, a combination smokehouse/dry house, a frame springhouse, a shop building, a bank barn, a dairy, a hog pen, a tool shed, poultry house, and several more recent buildings. It is a representative example of a family farm complex which spans the period from the late 18th century to the mid 20th century.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.
# Shangsi County

Shangsi County (Chinese: 上思县; pinyin: Shàngsī Xiàn; Zhuang: Sangswh Yen) is a county in the southwest of Guangxi, China. It is the northernmost county-level division of Fangchenggang City.

## Administrative divisions

Shangsi County is divided into 4 towns, 3 townships and 1 ethnic township:

### towns

* Siyang Town 思阳镇
* Zaimiao Town 在妙镇
* Hualan Town 华兰镇
* Jiao'an Town 叫安镇

### townships

* Pingfu Township 平福乡
* Naqin Township 那琴乡
* Gongzheng Township 公正乡

### ethnic township

* Nanping Yao Ethnic Township 南屏瑶族乡

## Climate

Climate data for Shangsi, elevation 216 m (709 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 31.1 (88.0) | 36.0 (96.8) | 35.7 (96.3) | 39.6 (103.3) | 40.1 (104.2) | 38.4 (101.1) | 39.5 (103.1) | 37.4 (99.3) | 37.0 (98.6) | 35.1 (95.2) | 33.3 (91.9) | 31.6 (88.9) | 40.1 (104.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 17.6 (63.7) | 20.0 (68.0) | 22.8 (73.0) | 28.1 (82.6) | 31.3 (88.3) | 32.6 (90.7) | 32.8 (91.0) | 32.4 (90.3) | 31.2 (88.2) | 28.3 (82.9) | 24.5 (76.1) | 19.9 (67.8) | 26.8 (80.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 13.0 (55.4) | 15.0 (59.0) | 18.1 (64.6) | 22.9 (73.2) | 26.1 (79.0) | 27.7 (81.9) | 27.8 (82.0) | 27.3 (81.1) | 26.0 (78.8) | 23.0 (73.4) | 18.9 (66.0) | 14.6 (58.3) | 21.7 (71.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 9.9 (49.8) | 11.7 (53.1) | 14.9 (58.8) | 19.3 (66.7) | 22.5 (72.5) | 24.4 (75.9) | 24.6 (76.3) | 24.2 (75.6) | 22.7 (72.9) | 19.4 (66.9) | 15.1 (59.2) | 11.1 (52.0) | 18.3 (65.0) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −0.2 (31.6) | 2.6 (36.7) | 1.4 (34.5) | 8.8 (47.8) | 13.0 (55.4) | 15.7 (60.3) | 18.9 (66.0) | 20.3 (68.5) | 15.4 (59.7) | 8.4 (47.1) | 2.4 (36.3) | −1.1 (30.0) | −1.1 (30.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 31.5 (1.24) | 21.8 (0.86) | 43.1 (1.70) | 60.3 (2.37) | 123.8 (4.87) | 162.0 (6.38) | 260.4 (10.25) | 243.0 (9.57) | 156.6 (6.17) | 83.6 (3.29) | 44.2 (1.74) | 26.3 (1.04) | 1,256.6 (49.48) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 8.9 | 8.6 | 10.9 | 9.8 | 13.7 | 16.5 | 17.2 | 18.0 | 12.4 | 6.5 | 7.2 | 6.7 | 136.4 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 79 | 80 | 82 | 79 | 78 | 81 | 82 | 84 | 81 | 78 | 78 | 76 | 80 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 87.0 | 87.1 | 85.8 | 134.2 | 184.5 | 176.4 | 193.0 | 187.4 | 181.1 | 176.7 | 147.2 | 125.8 | 1,766.2 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 26 | 27 | 23 | 35 | 45 | 44 | 47 | 47 | 50 | 49 | 45 | 38 | 40 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration ||||||||||||||
# Henri Robert

Henri Robert (1899, Grasse – 1987) was a French perfumer and chemist, he is best known for his role as Chief Perfumer at Les Parfums Chanel from 1953 to 1978.

## Early life and career

Robert's father, Joseph Robert, was the Chief Perfumer at Chiris, who gave François Coty some of his first lessons, and developed the solvent extraction process that revolutionised how the perfumery industry produced raw materials. By 1919 the younger Robert was also working at Chiris alongside perfumers Vincent Roubert, Ernest Beaux and Henri Alméras.
He later joined Parfums d'Orsay, where his one of his most significant creations was the fragrance Le Dandy in 1923. Le Dandy was a fashionable floral aldehyde, which although marketed to men became a favourite with young women of the 1920s. Following François Coty's death in 1934 Robert became Chief Perfumer at Coty. In 1936 he created Muguet de Bois in tribute to François Coty, taking inspiration from Coty's custom of presenting his employees with bunches of lily of the valley, taken from the grounds of his country home, every May first. After the outbreak of World War II, Robert moved to New York City and continued to work as a Perfumer at Coty from 1940 to 1943.
In 1943 Henri Robert Inc. merged with the Albert Verley Company Inc., and Mr. Robert worked there for an unknown number of years before departing to Chanel.
Robert took over as Chief Perfumer at Les Parfums Chanel in 1952 after the retirement of Ernest Beaux, creator of the perfume Chanel No. 5. While at Les Parfums Chanel, which owned both Chanel and Bourjois, he created a number of modern classics including Pour Monsieur (1955) Chanel's first men's fragrance, No. 19 (1970) and Cristalle EDT (1974).

## Family

Henri Robert was the uncle of perfumer Guy Robert (1926-2012) and great-uncle of perfumer François Robert.

## Notable perfume creations

* 1925 – Le Dandy, Parfums D'Orsay
* 1936 – Le Muguet des Bois, Coty
* 1955 – Pour Monsieur, Chanel
* 1970 – No. 19, Chanel
* 1974 – Cristalle, Chanel
# John Patton Log Cabin

The John Patton Log Cabin is a log home located in Lexington Park District Park in Lexington, Illinois. The home was built in 1829 by John Patton, an early settler of McLean County. Patton, who was originally from Switzerland County, Indiana, came to a Kickapoo village in the area; he built his cabin with the tribe's assistance three months after his arrival. After McLean County was incorporated in 1831, the cabin became one of its first polling places. The cabin is now the only surviving early government building in the county as well as the only remnant of European interactions with Native Americans. Members of the community decided to preserve the cabin and worked with The City of Lexington to have the cabin moved to its current location and repaired in 1969. its currently a museum.
The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 1, 1986.
# 2005 Yuzawa mayoral election

Yuzawa, Akita held a mayoral election on April 17, 2005 after the merger of two cities and a village. Suzuki Toshio won the election.

## Candidates

* Endou Kouji
* Nisaka Nobukuni
* Suga Yoshio
* Suzuki Toshio, former mayor and supported by the Japanese Communist Party.

## Results

Mayoral election 2005: Yuzawa City :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Independent, JCP | Suzuki Toshio | 13,993 | | |
| | Independent | Nisaka Nobukuni | 10,334 | | |
| | Independent | Endou Kouji | 6,419 | | |
| | Independent | Suga Yoshio | 6,125 | | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 37,295 | 80.18 % | N/A |
# Strykówko

Strykówko is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Stęszew, within Poznań County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) west of Stęszew and 25 km (16 mi) south-west of the regional capital Poznań.
The settlement has an approximate population of 25.
# Fajja

Fajja (Arabic: فجّة) was a Palestinian town located 15 kilometers northeast of Jaffa. Ethnically cleansed during the Nakba, its land area is today part of the Israeli city of Petah Tikva.

## History

Pottery remains from the Chalcolithic, Middle Bronze II, Iron, Persian and Roman eras have been found here.
Winepresses, dated to the Roman/Byzantine era (5th and 6th century) have been excavated here, and pottery remains from the Byzantine era have also been found.
Pottery from the early Islamic period (eighth–tenth centuries CE) have been excavated here, as has glass artefacts from the early Umayyad era, and ceramic jugs from the Abbasid era.
Ceramic vessels dating to the twelfth–thirteenth centuries CE (ie Crusader or Ayyubid era) "including a glazed yellow bowl with an incised decoration that may represent a Latin letter" have also been found.

### Ottoman era

In 1856 the village was named el−Fejjeh on Kiepert's map of Palestine published that year.
In 1870, Victor Guérin found the village to be divided into two quarters, each with its own Sheikh. He estimated it to have 300 inhabitants, while an Ottoman village list from about the same year found that Fajja had a population of 110, in 35 houses, though the population count only included men.
In 1882, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described Fajja as a small village built of adobe bricks.

### British Mandate era

In the 1922 census of Palestine, conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Fajjeh had a population of 164, all Muslims, increasing sharply in the 1931 census, to 707, still all Muslims, in a total of 165 houses.
The town had one elementary school, founded in 1922. By 1945 it had 181 students, including 10 females.
In the 1945 statistics, Fajja had 1,200 Muslim inhabitants, in addition to 370 Jews, and a total land area of 4,419 dunams. Of this, a total of 768 dunams was used for citrus and bananas, 61 dunams were irrigated or used for orchards, 3,863 used for cereals, while 7 dunams were classified as built-up areas.

### 1948, aftermath

In early April, the villagers of Fajja sued for a truce with their Jewish neighbours. Also, the villagers of Fajja later contacted their Jewish neighbours and promised "quiet". It was occupied by the Haganah and Irgun on May 15, 1948, without any resistance. Most of the Arab inhabitants fled the town before its capture by Israeli forces due to alleged attacks by the Irgun on February 17. In June 1948, the town was demolished based on the recommendation of Yosef Weitz of the Jewish National Fund. Most of the town's land is currently a part of the jurisdiction of the city of Petah Tikva.
In 1992 the village site was described by Walid Khalidi: "The village has been completely razed except for one house and a pond. Eucalyptus trees and cactuses further mark the site. The surrounding land is partly occupied by buildings; the rest is cultivated."