OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bil'in, Gaza

Bil'in was a Palestinian Arab village in the Gaza Subdistrict. It was depopulated by the Israel Defense Forces during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War on July 8, 1948, under Operation An-Far. It was located 39 km northeast of Gaza and the village contained two wells which supplied it with drinking water.

## Etymology

Biʽīln derives from Canaanite/Hebrew ba'lin (ba'als).

## History

Bil'in did not appear in records from the 16th century. It was a small village in the 19th century, settled by families that were once nomads in the Shephelah and had origins in Bayt Jibrin and Iraq al-Manshiyya.
In 1838 it was noted as a Muslim village, Ba'lin, in the Gaza district, being smaller than nearby Barqusya.
In 1863 Victor Guérin noted it as a small village on a mound.
In 1882, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine described it as being a small adobe village, "with no traces of antiquity."

### British Mandate era

In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Bil'in had a population of 101 Muslims, increasing by the 1931 census to 127, still all Muslim, in 32 houses.
In the 1945 statistics, the village together with Ard el Ishra had a population of 180 Muslims, and the land area was 8,036 dunams, according to an official land and population survey. Of this, 143 dunams were for plantations and irrigable land, 6,972 for cereals, while 6 dunams were built-up areas.
Bi'lin had an elementary school which was founded in 1937 and a shrine for al-Shaykh Ya'qub.

### Post 1948

Qedma started using some of the village land after 1948.
In 1992 the village site was described: "All that remains is the rubble of a few houses, with wild herbs and thorns growing on the site, along with some trees and cactus plants. The site is surrounded by barbed wire. Parts of the surrounding land are planted with mango trees and grapes, while others serve as pastures."
# William Leslie Welton

William Leslie Welton (1874-1934) was an American architect. Some of his works are listed in the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.

## Works

Notable works include:
* City National Bank, 2301 University Blvd., Tuscaloosa, AL (Welton, William Leslie) 1922 NRHP-listed
* Empire Building, 1928 1st Ave., N., Birmingham, AL (Welton, William Leslie) NRHP-listed
* First Christian Church Education Building, 2100 7th Ave. N., Birmingham, AL (Welton, William Leslie) NRHP-listed
* First National-John A. Hand Building, 17 N. 20th St., Birmingham, AL (Welton, William Leslie) NRHP-listed
* Orlando Apartments, 2301 Fifteenth Ave. S., Birmingham, AL (Welton, William Leslie) NRHP-listed
* Quinlan Castle, 2030 9th Ave., S., Birmingham, AL (Welton, William Leslie) NRHP-listed
* Walker County Hospital, 1100 7th Ave., Jasper, AL (Welton, William Leslie) NRHP-listed
* Edward Fenns Whitman House, 200 Thomas Ave., Boaz, AL (Welton, William Leslie) NRHP-listed
* One house in the Pinehurst Historic District, in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, NRHP-listed
* One or more works in the Chestnut Hill Historic District, roughly bounded by Highland Ave. and Thirty-first St., Birmingham, AL (Welton, William Leslie, NRHP-listed
# Mount Kadam

Mount Kadam, is near the east border of Karamoja, Uganda with Kenya and has an approximate elevation of 3,063 metres (10,049 ft). It is just north of Mount Elgon. It was first climbed by Sailesh Kadam, the mountain's namesake.
During the colonial period Mount Kadam was known as Debasien.

## Demographics

Speakers of the moribund Soo language live on the slopes of Mount Kadam.
# Henfenfeld

Henfenfeld is a municipality near Nuremberg in the Frankenalb (Frankish Alb) directly south of Hersbruck. The town was first mentioned in a letter dating from 13 April 1059. The town is best known for its castle.
# GestureWorks Gameplay

GestureWorks Gameplay was a utility created by Ideum using its GestureWorks technology to enable a variety of touch and gesture controls for games on Windows 8 devices. The software was discontinued as of June 7, 2016.
The Gameplay utility was used to create and use touchscreen controllers for PC games running on Windows 8 without the need for an external controller or mouse and keyboard. Users could select from a wide variety of onscreen buttons and gesture controls that may be mapped to keyboard and mouse commands used within the game. Accelerometer support was also available for many devices. In addition to providing a control overlay on mobile devices, Gameplay was compatible with Android devices so that gamers could use their Android device with Bluetooth as a controller for their PC games. Gameplay controls were highly customizable and some aspects of the controls such as button size and location could even be adjusted during gameplay while the controller was in use.
In addition to allowing users to create their own controllers, there was a library of pre-built controllers authored by Gestureworks Gameplay and members of the community, containing more than 250 virtual controllers. Gameplay was available through Steam.
GestureWorks Gameplay received favorable reviews from Penny Arcade's Gabe (Mike Krahulik), and Tom's Hardware. The Behemoth games reviewed GestureWorks Gameplay as a good new way to make their popular Castle Crashers game tablet-friendly, and The Behemoth project manager Emil Ayoubkhan says GestureWorks Gameplay is "a perfect fit" for bringing their game to tablet PCs. The technology was also featured in a keynote speech at the Intel Developer Forum in 2013.
# Ibrahim al-Astal

Ibrahim Hamed Hussein al-Astal (Arabic: إبراهيم حامد حسين الأسطل; 20 January 1961 – 23 October 2023) was a Palestinian educational theorist and researcher. He worked as a dean and professor at Islamic University of Gaza, Faculty of Education. He was the Editor-in-chief of IUG Journal of Educational and Psychological Studies.

## Biography

Ibrahim al-Astal was born on 20 January 1961. He was awarded a PhD in Curriculum and Mathematics Teaching Methods in 1996, after which he worked as a professor at Al Ain University and Ajman University in the United Arab Emirates, then at Islamic University of Gaza. He worked in several positions at the Faculty of Education at the Islamic University of Gaza, he was the head of Curriculum and Teaching Methods Department (September 2011 - August 2013), then the vice Dean (September 2013 - August 2015), then the dean of South Branch (August 2015 - August 2017) and finally the Dean since 1 September 2019.
Al-Astal worked as a coordinator for several programs and projects, including: "Improving the Quality of Technology Education Teacher Preparation Programs in the Universities and Colleges in Gaza Strip", funded by International Development Association and European Union in 2010 and "Teacher Education Improvement Program (TEIP)", funded by World Bank and Palestinian Ministry of Education and Higher Education, between 2011 and 2019. He was also a member of the steering committee of the project "Mathematics Education Pre-service Teacher Education Development Program", led by the Arab American University in partnership with UCL Institute of Education (2010 - 2012) and member of steering committee of the project "Developing the Teacher Education Preparation for Early Children Education and Elementary School in Palestine and Norway", led by University of South-Eastern Norway from January 2019.
In 2005, he published a book entitled Mihnat altaelim 'adwar almuealimin fe madrasat almustaqbal (‘The teaching profession, the roles of teachers in the school of the future’ Arabic: مهنة التعليم أدوار المعلمين في مدرسة المستقبل) in cooperation with Faryal Younis Al-Khalidi.
On 23 October 2023, he, his wife, his daughters, and number of his relatives were killed during an airstrike attack fired by Israeli Air Force on his home, during the 2023 Israel-Hamas War. Al-Astal was 62.
# Mount Hiuchi

Mount Hiuchi (火打山, Hiuchi-yama) is one of the 100 Famous Japanese Mountains, reaching the height of 2,462 m (8,077 ft). It is situated in Japan's Kubiki Mountains in Niigata Prefecture. It was specified for Jōshin'etsu Kōgen National Park on July 10, 1956, but since has been absorbed by the Togakushi-Renzan National Park, which encompasses Mount Myōkō (妙高山 Myōkō-san) and Mount Niigata-Yake (新潟焼山 Niigata-Yakeyama).

## Outline

The surrounding area is deep snow country. This mountain is famous for the many alpine plants found above the tree line. The Siberian Dwarf Pine can be seen here, together with fauna such as the Rock Ptarmigan. There are several climbing routes to the top of the mountain, principally from Sasagemine after the annual spring re-opening of the road. The Kōya-ike pond along the route is noted for its autumn foliage. Accommodation in the alpine environment are the Kōya mountain hut with campground, and the Kurosawa-ike hut also with campground. Both are located is to the southeast of the peak on the mountain trail system.
Sumie Tanaka selected this mountain as one of the "100 famous flower mountains of Japan". She described the Hakusankozakura (ハクサンコザクラ) (Primula cuneifolia, Ledeb. var. hakusanensis Makino) as a representative flower.

## Scenery of Mount Hiuchi

| Mount Hiuchi seen from the Tengu garden mire | Kōya-ike pond and Kōya mountain hut | Mount Myōkō seen from Mount Hiuchi | Siberian Dwarf Pine and Rock Ptarmigan |
# 1936 Balham and Tooting by-election

The 1936 Balham and Tooting by-election was held on 23 July 1936. The by-election was held after the incumbent Conservative MP, Sir Alfred Butt, 1st Baronet resigned in June 1936 over a scandal concerning a leak of budget details from which he was believed to have benefitted financially. It was won by the Conservative candidate George Doland.
Balham and Tooting by-election, 1936 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Conservative | George Doland | 14,959 | 53.7 |
| | Labour | W J Miller | 12,889 | 46.3 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 2,070 | 7.4 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 27,848 | 49.2 |
| | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Swing | |
# 17 November 2024 Russian strikes on Ukraine

vteRussian invasion of Ukraine :
Timeline
February – April 2022
April – August 2022
August – November 2022
November 2022 – June 2023
June – August 2023
September – November 2023
December 2023 – March 2024
April – July 2024
August – December 2024
January 2025 – present
Prelude
Casualties
Territorial control
map
List of engagements
War crimes
Attacks on civilians
Economic impact
Peace negotiations
Collaboration with Russia
Russian emigration
Nuclear risk
Humanitarian impacts
Russian annexation
Treatment of prisoners of war :
During the morning of 17 November 2024, Russia launched a massive air attack on cities across Ukraine, killing two people in Mykolaiv, two in Nikopol, two in Odesa and one person in Lviv. According to the Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy, about 120 missiles and 90 drones were fired overnight and in the early morning. The strikes targeted Ukraine's energy grid in an effort to disrupt power supply during the upcoming winter. It was the biggest Russian aerial attack on Ukraine since August 2024 with reports of attacks on the critical infrastructure of Lviv Oblast, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast and Rivne Oblast in Western Ukraine as well as on the cities of Kryvyi Rih, Vinnytsia, Odesa and Kyiv.
In the evening, a Russian missile struck a nine-story residential building in Sumy, killing 11 people including two children. 89 more people were injured.
The Ukrainian Air Force claimed to have shot down 102 missiles and 42 drones.

## Strikes
### Locations

17 November 2024 Russian strikes on Ukraine :
| Airstrike target | Damage information |
| Kremenchuk Hydroelectric Power Plant | The hydroelectric power plant was struck by at least one missile. |
| Odesa | 2 killed, 1 injured. Water and power to the city were cut. |

### Timeline

As a result of the Russian airstrikes, the Polish Air Force scrambled its fighter aircraft.
# Schinkel

Schinkel may refer to:
* Schinkel (surname)
* Schinkel (river), river in Amsterdam
* Schinkel, Schleswig-Holstein, municipality in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
* 5297 Schinkel, main-belt asteroid
* Karl Friedrich Schinkel, Prussian architect, city planner, and painter
* Schinkel Gate, gate in Leipzig, designed by Karl Friedrich Schinkel
# Japanese destroyer Nashi (1919)

The Japanese destroyer Nashi (梨) was one of 21 Momi-class destroyers built for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) in the late 1910s. She was decommissioned in 1940 and subsequently scrapped.

## Design and description

The Momi class was designed with higher speed and better seakeeping than the preceding Enoki-class second-class destroyers. The ships had an overall length of 280 feet (85.3 m) and were 275 feet (83.8 m) between perpendiculars. They had a beam of 26 feet (7.9 m), and a mean draft of 8 feet (2.4 m). The Momi-class ships displaced 850 long tons (864 t) at standard load and 1,020 long tons (1,036 t) at deep load. Nashi was powered by two Brown-Curtis geared steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft using steam provided by three Kampon water-tube boilers. The turbines were designed to produce 21,500 shaft horsepower (16,000 kW) to give the ships a speed of 36 knots (67 km/h; 41 mph). The ships carried a maximum of 275 long tons (279 t) of fuel oil which gave them a range of 3,000 nautical miles (5,600 km; 3,500 mi) at 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph). Their crew consisted of 110 officers and crewmen.
The main armament of the Momi-class ships consisted of three 12-centimeter (4.7 in) Type 3 guns in single mounts; one gun forward of the well deck, one between the two funnels, and the last gun atop the aft superstructure. The guns were numbered '1' to '3' from front to rear. The ships carried two above-water twin sets of 533-millimeter (21 in) torpedo tubes; one mount was in the well deck between the forward superstructure and the bow gun and the other between the aft funnel and aft superstructure.

## Construction and career

Nashi, built at the Kawasaki Shipyards in Kobe, Japan, was launched on August 26, 1919, and completed on December 10, 1919. She was stricken from the Navy List on February 1, 1940, and subsequently broken up for scrap at an unknown date.
# Mount Talang

Mount Talang (Indonesian: Gunung Talang) (2,597 m [8,520 ft]) is an active stratovolcano in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Talang has two crater lakes on its flanks, the largest of which is 1 by 2 kilometres (0.62 mi × 1.24 mi) wide and is called Lake Talang.
According to the Smithsonian Institution Global Volcanism Program, Mount Talang has had eight confirmed eruptions between 1833 and 1968. A minor eruption followed in April 2005, over 25,000 inhabitants of the local area being evacuated due to fears of further volcanic eruptions. Geologists say that the eruption in April 2005 is connected to the devastating December 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake.
The pitcher plant Nepenthes talangensis is named after the mountain and is thought to be endemic to its upper slopes.
# Michael Rascher

Michael G. Rascher (born 26 July 1965 in Edmonton, Alberta) is a retired rower from Canada. He competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics for his native country. There he was a member of the team that won the gold medal in the men's Eights.
# 2019 Knoxville Challenger

The 2019 Knoxville Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the sixteenth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2019 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Knoxville, United States between 4 and 10 November 2019.

## Singles main-draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| USA | Tommy Paul | 80 | 1 |
| CAN | Brayden Schnur | 99 | 2 |
| USA | Bradley Klahn | 100 | 3 |
| JPN | Taro Daniel | 110 | 4 |
| USA | Denis Kudla | 111 | 5 |
| ITA | Paolo Lorenzi | 117 | 6 |
| USA | Marcos Giron | 125 | 7 |
| AUS | Christopher O'Connell | 139 | 8 |
| SLO | Blaž Rola | 140 | 9 |
| ECU | Gómez | 144 | 10 |
| CAN | Peter Polansky | 159 | 11 |
| BAR | Darian King | 169 | 12 |
| CAN | Vasek Pospisil | 174 | 13 |
| FRA | Maxime Janvier | 187 | 14 |
| RUS | Alexey Vatutin | 197 | 15 |
| USA | Mitchell Krueger | 201 | 16 |
* $^1$ Rankings are as of October 28, 2019.

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Scott Jones
* Aleksandar Kovacevic
* Brandon Nakashima
* Nathan Ponwith
* Zachary Svajda
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Strong Kirchheimer
* Andrea Vavassori
The following player received entry as a lucky loser:
* Lloyd Glasspool

## Champions
### Singles

* Michael Mmoh def. Christopher O'Connell 6–4, 6–4.

### Doubles

* Hans Hach Verdugo / Adrián Menéndez Maceiras def. Bradley Klahn / Sem Verbeek 7–6$^{(8–6)}$, 4–6, [10–5].
# Beit Yaacov Synagogue, Punta del Este

The Beit Yaacov Synagogue (Spanish: Sinagoga Beit Yaacov) is a Jewish congregation and synagogue, located on Calle Riso, in Punta del Este, in the Maldonado Department, of southeastern Uruguay. The synagogue, with a central location, is mostly attended by Sephardi Jews.
# Justina Morcillo

Justina Morcillo (born 9 August 2000) is an Argentine footballer who plays as a midfielder for Liga MX Femenil club Atlético San Luis and the Argentina women's national team.

## Club career
### River Plate

Justina arrived at River Plate at the age of 11. In 2015, she made her debut with the club's first team and scored 2 goals in a 24–0 victory against Almagro. Justina continue her grow at the club and in 2022 was named team captain. On 25 June 2023 she played her last game with River Plate a 2–1 victory against Estudiantes (LP).

### Atlético San Luis

On 11 July 2023, Justina signed with the Mexican Liga MX Femenil club Atlético San Luis.

## International career

Morcillo made her senior debut for Argentina on 7 November 2019, in a 2–1 away friendly won against Paraguay.

## Personal life

Justina has a sister Carolina Morcillo, who is also a footballer.

## Honours
### River Plate

* Primera División A: 2016–17
* Copa Federal: 2022
# Japanese destroyer Oboro (1930)

Oboro (朧, "Moonlight") was the seventeenth of twenty-four Fubuki-class destroyers, built for the Imperial Japanese Navy following World War I.

## History

Construction of the advanced Fubuki-class destroyers was authorized as part of the Imperial Japanese Navy's expansion program from fiscal 1923, intended to give Japan a qualitative edge with the world's most modern ships. The Fubuki class had performance that was a quantum leap over previous destroyer designs, so much so that they were designated Special Type destroyers (特型, Tokugata). The large size, powerful engines, high speed, large radius of action and unprecedented armament gave these destroyers the firepower similar to many light cruisers in other navies. Oboro, built at the Sasebo Naval Arsenal, was the seventh in an improved series, which incorporated a modified gun turret that could elevate her main battery of Type 3 127 mm 50 caliber naval guns to 75° as opposed to the original 40°, thus permitting the guns to be used as dual purpose guns against aircraft. Oboro was laid down on 29 November 1930, launched on 8 November 1930 and commissioned on 31 October 1931. Originally assigned hull designation “Destroyer No. 51”, she was commissioned as Oboro.
The 4th Fleet Incident occurred only a year after her commissioning, and Oboro was quickly taken back to the shipyards to have her hull strengthened.

## Operational history

On completion, Oboro was assigned to Destroyer Division 20 under the IJN 2nd Fleet. During the Second Sino-Japanese War, from 1937, Oboro covered landing of Japanese forces in Shanghai and Hangzhou. From 1940, she was assigned to patrol and cover landings of Japanese forces in south China and in the Invasion of French Indochina.

### World War II history

At the time of the attack on Pearl Harbor, Oboro was assigned to Carrier Division 5 of the IJN 1st Air Fleet, and had deployed from Yokosuka Naval District to Hahajima in the Bonin Islands, from which it subsequently provided cover for Japanese landing operations in the Invasion of Guam.
From mid-December to April 1942, Oboro was based at Kwajalein, and from mid-April to the end of August 1942, Oboro was based at Yokosuka, patrolling in the nearby waters, and escorting convoys from Yokosuka to Ōminato Guard District to the north, and Mako Guard District to the southwest.
On 11 October 1942, Oboro departed Yokosuka with a re-supply convoy for Kiska in the Japanese-occupied Aleutian Islands. Oboro was sunk on 17 October in an air attack by USAAF B-26 Marauders 30 nautical miles (56 km) northeast of Kiska at position 52°17′N 178°08′E﻿ / ﻿52.283°N 178.133°E﻿ / 52.283; 178.133. A direct bomb hit among munitions being carried caused the ship to explode and sink, leaving only 17 survivors, including her captain (LtCdr Hiro Yamana), who were rescued by the destroyer Hatsuharu (also heavily damaged in the same attack).
On 15 November 1942, Oboro was removed from the navy list.
# Mount Chlchama

Mount ChlChama (Persian: چهل‌چشمه, Kurdish: چلچەمە) is a part of the Zagros mountains, which are located in Iran, between the cities of Saqqez, Divandarreh and Marivan in Kurdistan province. The highest peak of Chlchama, also known as Chlchama, is 3,173 metres above sea level, near the villages of Isakawa and Kanemat, 56 kilometres southwest of Saqqez.

## Famous peaks

The Chehel Cheshmeh mountain includes about twenty other peaks, including Shahneshin Mountain, Dalash Mountain, Dobra Mountain, Sultan akhzartoo Mountain, Bainchub Mountain, Afrasiab Mountain, Kani Miran Mountain, Mazgat and Mirza Mountain (Mosque and Mirza), South and The whole mountain of Koj is with different heights. This region is one of the coldest and snowiest regions of Kurdistan and is covered with snow all year round. It is also one of the largest glaciers in Iran.

## Surrounding villages

From the villages around Chehel Cheshmeh, we can mention Eshqabad, Kanemat, Best, Darreh Gavan, Soleh, Nargesleh and Darreh Hovan. Among the common routes to conquer this mountain, we can mention three routes, Ishaqabad, Bast and Darreh Hovan. A shelter has been built near the village of Bast for the use of mountaineers.

## Ecosystem
### Flora

This huge mountainous complex contains hundreds of unique medicinal plant species, including: Rheum (plant), Viola (plant), Convolvulus, Primula vulgaris and so on. In this Mountain, the most unique collection of flowers and plants in Iran has created which has recently been drastically reduced due to overuse and uprooting of the plant.

### Wild life

At the foot of the mountain, a variety of animals such as snakes, wolves, bears, antelopes, foxes, rabbits, lizards and various species of birds like partridge and eagle live.

## Rivers

Important rivers that originate in this area include the following:
* Caspian Sea basin: Ghezel Ozan which goins Sefidrood that flows into the Caspian Sea.
* Persian Gulf Basin: Ghshlagh River which is the main water supplier of Vahdat Dam in 20 km south of Sanandaj joining Gaveh River; They create the Sirvan River, the water of which eventually flows into the Arvand River and the Persian Gulf.
* Urmia Lake basin: Khorkhoreh River and Zarrineh River are two main rivers which flows into Saqqez Lagzi Dam than Urmia Lake.

## Springs and Yaylaks

There are many springs in all the slopes of this region, the most famous of them is called ‘’Kanichash ’’, which is located on its southeastern side. Among the Yaylaks of Chehelcheshmeh, we can mention Garmeh yaylak in the northwest of Marivan, Qolang Ahmad Khedr yaylak in the northeastern region of Divandereh, Mikael Kavireh yaylak, Hawar or Kani Chavoresh yaylak, Jamin yaylak, Kani Zulaikha yaylak and finally Mustafa Khan yaylak. In this complex, due to its steep paths and avalanche valleys, it is very dangerous in winter, and in order to climb it, you must use guides and climbers familiar with the route of the region.