OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Judge Robert S. Wilson House

The Judge Robert S. Wilson House, also known as the Wilson-Wahr House, is a private house located at 126 North Division Street in Ann Arbor, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.

## History

Robert S. Wilson was an attorney who moved from Allegheny County, New York, to Ann Arbor in 1835. He was Judge of the Washtenaw County Probate court for a year, and served in the Michigan House of Representatives. In approximately 1839, Wilson had this house built on a lot in Ann Arbor. He lived there until 1850, when he moved to Chicago and sold the house to John H. Welles.
Welles is thought to have constructed the rear addition to the house, and made other extensive alterations. It is likely that the middle section was built in 1835, the temple portion was added in 1843, and the kitchen and servants quarters were added in 1850. In 1855, Welles' son Henry moved into the house with his four daughters (Clarissa, Sarah, Mary Fiske, and Susan Holly), after the death of his wife. Henry Welles died in 1860, and the house passed to successive owners. In 1893, the house was sold in a tax sale to George Wahr, and his wife, Emma (Staebler) Wahr. The Wahr family constructed another house next door as their residence, and rented the house to sororities and fraternities. After 20 years, they moved back into the main Wilson-Wahr House. The house passed on to the Wahr's daughter, Natalie Wahr Sallade (who died in 1974), and the Sallades occupied the house until 2002 when it was purchased by Norman and Ilene Tyler.

## Architecture

The Robert S. Wilson House is a two-story Greek Revival structure constructed of brick with a stucco finish on a stone foundation. Nearly every survey of Michigan architecture has singled out the Wilson House as an outstanding specimen of Neoclassical architecture design. Architect Fiske Kimball attributed its "four study Ionic columns, rising through two stories, with graceful flutes and capitals" to the original Temple of the Wingless Victory at Athens.
The front facade boasts a full-width portico with Ionic fluted shaft columns, and an entryway framed by matching pilasters. Windows have external shutters. A two-story addition on the rear was likely constructed more recently than the main portion of the house.

### Interior

Inside, the main section of the house is two parlors deep with a hall containing a stairwell to the side. The rear addition has a side entrance into another stair hall. All the major rooms in the house have fireplaces.
# Kern River Slough

Kern River Slough was the distributary of the Kern River running northwest from the vicinity of Bakersfield to Goose Lake near Tulare Lake in Kern County, California.
These former bodies of water in the Tulare Lake Basin of the San Joaquin Valley have now all been diverted for agricultural use.
The Kern River Slough Station was a stagecoach station operated by the Butterfield Overland Mail and was located miles to the southeast of this slough.
# Independence Park Botanic Gardens

The Independence Park Botanic Gardens are botanical gardens located in Independence Park at 7950 Independence Boulevard, Baton Rouge, Louisiana. They are open during daylight hours without admission fee.
The Gardens contain displays of blooming woody plants, ground covers, and wetland plants. They include a rose garden, crape myrtle garden, sensory garden, and children's forest.
# Shinano Grandserows

The Shinano Grandserows (信濃グランセローズ, Shinano Granduserows) are a semi-professional baseball team in the Baseball Challenge League of Japan, playing in the Advance-West Division. They are the only professional baseball team in Nagano Prefecture, with the team named after the Serow, found in the region, to reflect this.

## Franchise history

The Shinano Grandserows were one of the founding members of the Baseball Challenge League in 2007, participating in the inaugural season and finishing third out of four with a 31-35-6 record. The team failed to reach the playoffs until 2012, when they finished second in both halves of the-then Joshinetsu Division, qualifying only because the Niigata Albirex had won both halves of the season. Shinano lost the three game Division Series 1–0, whilst Niigata went on to the title that year.
The team would have its best season in 2017, finishing second place in the first half only one game back from the Toyoma GRN Thunderbirds, and topping the Advance-West with a 0.722 winning percentage. In the Division playoff, they would sweep the Thunderbirds 2–0 in three games to reach the championship series, where they lifted the BC League Championship Trophy after a 4 -1 series win over the Gunma Diamond Pegasus.
In 2014, Philippine international catcher Alfredo Olivares Jr. became the first Filipino player to play in the Japanese minor league system when he signed for the team, but only played for one season.

## Home stadiums

The Shinano Grandserows currently play home games at ten different stadiums in nine cities in Nagano Prefecture: Nagano Olympic Stadium and Nagano Ken-ei Kyujo in Nagano City, as well as stadiums in Ueda, Matsumoto, Ina, Iida, Suwa, Chino, Komoro and Nakano.

## Roster

Updated as of July 25, 2021.
Pitchers:
* Mizuki Akatsuka (15)
* Oaka Itsuki (31)
* Yuki Miyano (18)
* Reiya Munekuni (19)
* Seiki Oshima (41)
* Cristian Quintin (77)
* Shun Sasaki (14)
* Sado Shunta (17)
* Shunsuke Suzuki (20)
* Kai Yoshihara (21)
* Yawata Yuki (11)
Catchers:
* Yudai Aida (27)
* Takanori Hamada (30)
* Seito Matsukura (78)
Infielders:
* Hitoshi Arai (1)
* Ben Haydon (80)
* Keiji Konishi (55)
* Ohara Okawa (6)
* Yu Sawabata (5)
* Daiki Tsuji (23)
* Jhoan Ureña (51)
* Yudai Yamamoto (2)
Outfielders:
* Hiroki Inoue (24)
* Ren Ito (66)
* Yukihiro Iwata (8)
* Furuya Sosei (29)
* Kumagai Takahiro (48)
Trainees:
* P Fumiya Morii (13)
* OF Yoshitake Tsuchida (33)
# Protobothrops cornutus

Protobothrops cornutus, commonly known as the horned pit viper or Fan-Si-Pan horned pit viper, is a pit viper species found in northern and central Vietnam and in southern China (Guangdong). No subspecies are currently recognized.

## Geographic range

The type locality given is "Fan-si-pan mountains, Tonkin, Indo-China" (=Mount Fansipan). It is currently known from several provinces in Vietnam (Lao Cai Province, Ha Giang Province, Quang Binh Province, Hue City, Lang Son Province). The only Chinese record is from Ruyuan Yao Autonomous County in northern Guangdong and was originally described as a new species, Ceratrimeresurus shenlii.

## Habitat

It occurs in evergreen forest on both karst and granitic outcrops at elevations of 250–2,000 m (820–6,560 ft) above sea level.

## Taxonomy

Herrmann et al. (2004) moved this species to the genus Protobothrops based on external and hemipenal morphology, as well as molecular data.
# Outline of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz:
Gottfried Wilhelm (von) Leibniz (1 July 1646 [O.S. 21 June] – 14 November 1716); German polymath, philosopher logician, mathematician. Developed differential and integral calculus at about the same time and independently of Isaac Newton. Leibniz earned his keep as a lawyer, diplomat, librarian, and genealogist for the House of Hanover, and contributed to diverse areas. His impact continues to reverberate, especially his original contributions in logic and binary representations.

## Achievements and contributions
### Devices

* Leibniz calculator

### Logic

* Alphabet of human thought
* Calculus ratiocinator

### Mathematics

* Calculus
* General Leibniz rule
* Leibniz formula for π
* Leibniz integral rule

### Philosophy

* Best of all possible worlds
* Characteristica universalis
* Identity of indiscernibles
* Pre-established harmony
* Principle of sufficient reason

### Physics
## Personal life

* Leibniz's political views
* Leibniz's religious views

### Family
## Major works by Leibniz

* De Arte Combinatoria
* Discourse on Metaphysics, (text at wikisource)
* Monadology, (text at wikisource)
* New Essays on Human Understanding
* Nova Methodus pro Maximis et Minimis
* Protogaea
* Théodicée

## Manuscript archives and translations of Leibniz's works

* Leibniz Archive (Hannover) at the Leibniz Research Center - Hannover
* Leibniz Archive (Potsdam) at the Brandenburg Academy of Humanities and Sciences
* Leibniz Archive (Munster), Leibniz-Forschungsstelle Münster digital edition
* Leibniz Archive (Berlin), digital edition
* Donald Rutherford's translations at UCSD
* Lloyd Strickland's translations at leibniz-translations.com

## Journals focused on Leibniz studies

* The Leibniz Review
* Studia Leibnitiana

## Organizations named after Leibniz

* Leibniz Association
* Leibniz College, affiliated with the University of Tübingen
* Leibniz Institute of European History
* Leibniz Institute for Polymer Research
* Leibniz Society of North America
* Leibniz Supercomputing Center
* Leibniz University Hannover
* ZBW – Leibniz Information Centre for Economics
* Leibniz Schools in Germany

## Prizes named after Leibniz

* Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize. It is regarded as the highest German award.
* Leibniz Ring awarded by the Hannover Press Club.
* Berlin Leibniz Medal originally awarded by the Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences; currently awarded by the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities.
* Leibniz Medal (Mainz) awarded by the Mainz Academy of Sciences and Literature.

## Publications about Leibniz

Maria Rosa Antognazza's 2009 Leibniz biography is a major recent resource.
# Judith Crow House

Judith Crow House, also known as Henry Bohlke House, is a historic home located in Cape Girardeau, Missouri. It was built about 1864, and is a 1+1⁄2-story, painted brick dwelling decorated in the German Vernacular style. It features two arched, double hung, two over two windows, ornamental brick work, and a recessed doorway.$^{:5}$ The building is nicknamed after Judith Crow, who bought the house in 1963.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997 as the House at 323 Themis Street. It is located in the Courthouse-Seminary Neighborhood Historic District.
# 2013 Togolese parliamentary election

Parliamentary elections were held in Togo on 25 July 2013. The ruling Union for the Republic (UNIR) won 62 of the 91 seats in the National Assembly.

## Background

Some members of the opposition sought a postponement in order to see electoral reforms take effect prior to the elections, while others sought the repeal of the changes as improperly introduced. Amongst the latter was the controversial gerrymandering of constituency borders in favour UNIR, led by President Faure Gnassingbé, and the 10-seat increase in the number of members of the National Assembly from 81 to 91.
Although the government banned street demonstrations in commercial areas, citing an inability to maintain security and public order, protest organizers from opposition and civil society groups pledged to carry out protests and denounced what they termed an attempt to stifle criticism. Protests organized by the Let's Save Togo Collective were planned for 21–23 August. On the first day, several thousand protesters commenced a march in Lomé's Bè neighbourhood and then headed to the commercial district of Deckon, where 100 police officers were deployed. Trouble then arose amid a dispute as to whether the protest march would end in Deckon for a rally or proceed further. The protesters were then dispersed using tear gas 10 minutes after the march commenced.
The elections were originally scheduled for October 2012, but protests and strikes asking for electoral reforms delayed the process. After being rescheduled for 24 March 2013, they were postponed again, first to 21 July 2013, then to 25 July 2013.

## Electoral system

The 91 members of the National Assembly were elected by closed list proportional representation in 30 multi-member constituencies.

## Results

Initial results showed a landslide victory for UNIR, which was projected to win 60 out of 91 seats, with the remaining seats distributed among opposition parties. The opposition Union of Forces for Change suffered a defeat, losing most of their 27 seats. The National Alliance for Change (Alliance national pour le changement, ANC) was expected to become the largest opposition party.
| Union for the Republic | 880,608 | 46.7 | 62 | +12 |
| Save Togo Collective | 544,592 | 28.9 | 19 | New |
| Rainbow Alliance | 204,143 | 10.8 | 6 | +2 |
| Union of Forces for Change | 145,359 | 7.7 | 3 | –24 |
| Pan-African Patriotic Convergence | 15,602 | 0.8 | 0 | 0 |
| New Togolese Commitment | 14,225 | 0.8 | 0 | New |
| Other parties | 66,171 | 3.5 | 0 | – |
| Independents | 14,360 | 0.8 | 1 | +1 |
| Invalid/blank votes | 119,430 | – | – | – |
| Total | 2,011,203 | 100 | 91 | +10 |
| Registered voters/turnout | 3,044,332 | 66.1 | – | – |
| Source: Adam Carr |||||

## Aftermath

When the National Assembly began its new term, Dama Dramani, a UNIR deputy, was elected as President of the National Assembly on 2 September 2013. Opposition deputies boycotted the vote as UNIR was unwilling to give them the posts of first and second vice-president in the Bureau of the National Assembly. Consequently UNIR deputies were elected to all of the 11 posts in the Bureau.
# Cestrum fasciculatum

Cestrum fasciculatum is a species of flowering plant in the family Solanaceae known by the common names early jessamine and red cestrum. It is native to central Mexico, but it is also kept elsewhere as an ornamental plant.

## Description

This is a gangly evergreen shrub reaching a maximum height of over two meters. The stems, and especially new twigs, are sometimes purple in color and slightly hairy. It bears hairy, oval-shaped, pointed green leaves up to 13 centimeters long.

### Inflorescence

Plentiful inflorescences appear at the tips of stem branches, each a dense cluster of up to 10 hairy red flowers. Each tubular flower is 2 or 3 centimeters long, counting the elongated calyx of sepals and the long corolla. The fruit is a berry about 1.5 centimeters wide which is red on the outside and white inside with about 10 small brown seeds.
# Wonderful World of Weird

Wonderful World of Weird was a British children's television programme shown on BBC Two. Hosted by Ed Petrie and featuring Ortis Deley, Lizzie Greenwood and Jake Humphrey. It ran for three weeks, from February 2007 to March 2007. It was a game show where contestants tried to find the weirdest thing on their topic .

## Teams

The teams are called the Flying Pigs, Chilli Rockets and Sofa Giraffes, composed of a CBBC presenter and a child, who stayed on for a week (Ed himself also had a child who was his 'assistant' for the week).

## Format

Each show has three rounds, the second involving finding things for the Map of Weird, and the third called the Random Word Round. Ironically, on the first show, the random word was 'word'.
When every round was over, the studio audience would move over to the team they thought should win. Ed would then 'count' the number of people surrounding each team. The scores were announced by numbers on pairs of pants on a washing line. The colour of the pants corresponded to the team colours.
Every Friday there was a random pick for each teams topic, spanning the entire week and the last round was Week's Weirdest Wonder, where each team chose their favourite presentation of the week.
Every shows' winner won a humorous object, such as a stick of celery and a flowery hat. The show always ended by Ed saying 'It's not over til...' which was followed by an action (e.g. '...until the audience sit down'). Once the action was performed, the show was declared finished.

## Music

The theme tune for Wonderful World of Weird was written by Martin Medina, who has composed several themes including Rip Off Britain, Short Change, The Pod, Superleague Formula, Jo Brand's Christmas Log and Don't Log Off.
# 1983 Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards

The 9th Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards, honoring the best filmmaking of 1983, were announced on 17 December 1983.

## Winners

* Best Picture:
** Terms of Endearment
** Runner-up: Tender Mercies
* Best Director:
** James L. Brooks – Terms of Endearment
** Runner-up: Bruce Beresford – Tender Mercies
* Best Actor:
** Robert Duvall – Tender Mercies
** Runner-up: Tom Conti – Reuben, Reuben
* Best Actress:
** Shirley MacLaine – Terms of Endearment
** Runner-up: Jane Alexander – Testament
* Best Supporting Actor:
** Jack Nicholson – Terms of Endearment
** Runner-up: John Lithgow – Terms of Endearment and Twilight Zone: The Movie
* Best Supporting Actress:
** Linda Hunt – The Year of Living Dangerously
** Runner-up: Cher – Silkwood
* Best Screenplay:
** James L. Brooks – Terms of Endearment
** Runner-up: Lawrence Kasdan and Barbara Benedek – The Big Chill
* Best Cinematography:
** Sven Nykvist – Fanny and Alexander (Fanny och Alexander)
** Runner-up: Hiro Narita – Never Cry Wolf
* Best Music Score:
** Philip Glass – Koyaanisqatsi
** Runner-up: Billy Goldenberg – Reuben, Reuben
* Best Foreign Film:
** Fanny and Alexander (Fanny och Alexander) • Sweden/France/West Germany
* Experimental/Independent Film/Video Award:
** Michael Snow – So Is This
* New Generation Award:
** Sean Penn
* Career Achievement Award:
** Myrna Loy
* Special Citation:
** Restored versions of A Star Is Born and The Leopard
# Heel

The heel is the prominence at the posterior end of the foot. It is based on the projection of one bone, the calcaneus or heel bone, behind the articulation of the bones of the lower leg.

## Structure

To distribute the compressive forces exerted on the heel during gait, and especially the stance phase when the heel contacts the ground, the sole of the foot is covered by a layer of subcutaneous connective tissue up to 2 cm thick (under the heel). This tissue has a system of pressure chambers that both acts as a shock absorber and stabilises the sole. Each of these chambers contains fibrofatty tissue covered by a layer of tough connective tissue made of collagen fibers. These septa ("walls") are firmly attached both to the plantar aponeurosis above and the sole's skin below. The sole of the foot is one of the most highly vascularized regions of the body surface, and the dense system of blood vessels further stabilize the septa.
The Achilles tendon is the muscle tendon of the triceps surae, a "three-headed" group of muscles—the soleus and the two heads of the gastrocnemius. The main function of the triceps surae is plantar flexion, i.e. to stretch the foot downward. It is accompanied by a "fourth head", the slight plantaris muscle, the long slender tendon of which is also attached to the heel bone but not visible.

## Function

The compressive forces applied to the foot are distributed along five rays, three medial (side of big toe) and two lateral (side of little toe). The lateral rays stretch over the cuboid bone to the heel bone and the medial rays over the three cuneiform bones and the navicular bone to the ankle bone. Because the ankle bone is placed over the heel bone, these rays are adjacent near the toes but overriding near the heel, and together they form the arches of the foot that are optimized to distributed compressive forces across an uneven terrain. In this context the heel thus forms the posterior point of support that together with the balls of the large and little toes bear the brunt of the loads.

## Cracked heels

Cracked heels is a common health problem and it may cause infections. It is caused by dryness of the foot skin, and accumulation of dead skin. Over time, it may cause pain and irritations. Various moisturising creams and foot files are available to cure and prevent it.

## Other animals

In the long-footed mammals, both the hoofed species (unguligrade) and the clawed forms which walk on the toes (digitigrade), the heel is well above the ground at the apex of the angular joint known as the hock. In plantigrade species, it rests on the ground. In birds, the heel is the backward-pointing joint which is often mistaken as the "knee" (the actual knee of birds is hidden under the plumage).
# Bird City (wildfowl refuge)

Bird City is a private wildfowl refuge or bird sanctuary located on Avery Island in coastal Iberia Parish, Louisiana.
It was founded by Tabasco sauce heir and conservationist Edward Avery McIlhenny, whose family owned Avery Island. McIlhenny established the refuge around 1895 on his own personal tract of the 2,200-acre (8.9 km$^2$) island, an approximately 175-acre (0.71 km$^2$) estate known eventually as Jungle Gardens because of its lush tropical flora.
By the late 19th century, plume hunters had nearly wiped out the snowy egret population of the United States in pursuit of the bird's delicate feathers, which were commonly used by milliners for the adornment of ladies' hats.
Alarmed by this trend, McIlhenny searched the Gulf Coast and located several surviving egrets, which he took back to his estate on Avery Island. There he turned the birds loose in a type of aviary he called a "flying cage," where the birds soon adapted to their new surroundings. In the fall McIlhenny set the birds loose to migrate south for the winter.
As he hoped, the birds returned to Avery Island in the spring, bringing with them even more snowy egrets. This pattern continued until, by 1911, the refuge served as the summer nesting ground for an estimated 100,000 egrets.
Because of its early founding and example to others, Theodore Roosevelt, father of American conservationism, once referred to Bird City as "the most noteworthy reserve in the country."
Today, snowy egrets continue to return to Bird City each spring to nest until resuming their migration in the fall.
# Swimming at the 2012 Summer Paralympics – Women's 100 metre butterfly S12

The women's 100 metre butterfly S12 event at the 2012 Paralympic Games took place on 2 September, at the London Aquatics Centre in the Olympic Park, London. The event was for athletes included in the S12 classification, which is for competitors with visual impairments. Eight swimmers took part, representing a total of seven different nations. Poland's Joanna Mendak won the gold medal.

## Results

Eight swimmers were involved in the competition which progressed directly to a final with no heats contested.
| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time |
| | 4 | Joanna Mendak | Poland | 1:06.16 |
| | 5 | Darya Stukalova | Russia | 1:06.27 |
| | 3 | Hannah Russell | Great Britain | 1:08.57 |
| 4 | 6 | Carla Casals | Spain | 1:10.44 |
| 5 | 8 | Belkys Mota | Venezuela | 1:12.85 |
| 6 | 1 | Amaya Alonso | Spain | 1:13.75 |
| 7 | 2 | Naomi Maike Schnittger | Germany | 1:16.70 |
| 8 | 7 | Yaryna Matlo | Ukraine | 1:17.49 |
# 1909 in Brazilian football

The following article presents a summary of the 1909 football (soccer) season in Brazil, which was the 8th season of competitive football in the country.

## Campeonato Paulista

Final Standings
| Position | Team | Points | Played | Won | Drawn | Lost | For | Against | Difference |
| 1 | AA das Palmeiras | 14 | 10 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 18 | 8 | 10 |
| 2 | Paulistano | 14 | 10 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 26 | 12 | 14 |
| 3 | Americano-SP | 9 | 10 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 10 | 13 | −3 |
| 4 | Germânia | 5 | 10 | 2 | 1 | 7 | 11 | 22 | −11 |
| 5 | São Paulo Athletic | 4 | 10 | 1 | 2 | 7 | 11 | 25 | −14 |
Championship Playoff
AA das Palmeiras declared as the Campeonato Paulista champions.

## State championship champions

| State | Champion |
| Bahia | Vitória |
| Rio de Janeiro (DF) | Fluminense |
| São Paulo | AA das Palmeiras |