OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Talbot Mercer Papineau

Major Talbot Mercer Papineau MC (25 March 1883 – 30 October 1917) was a Canadian lawyer and military officer from Quebec.

## Life and career

Born in Montebello, Quebec, he was the son of Louis-Joseph Papineau and great-grandson of Patriote leader Louis-Joseph Papineau. His mother, Caroline Rogers, was from an affluent Philadelphia family. Bilingual in French and English, he was raised primarily speaking English and in his mother's Protestant faith. He was educated at the High School of Montreal and at McGill University. In 1905, he was one of the first Canadians to receive a Rhodes Scholarship, and subsequently studied law at Brasenose College, Oxford. He also played ice hockey for the Oxford Canadians. Returning to Montreal in 1908, he started practising law.
In August 1914, he enlisted with Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry and was commissioned a lieutenant. Through an exchange in newspapers in 1916 he argued with his cousin, the anti-imperialist nationalist leader Henri Bourassa, over support for the war and the British Empire. Papineau's letter to Bourassa would eventually be published in The Times of London. He was awarded the Military Cross for his actions in Belgium and he eventually rose to the rank of major.
He was hit by a shell and killed during the Battle of Passchendaele near Ypres on October 30, 1917. His body was never identified, and he is commemorated at the Ypres (Menin Gate) Memorial.
In 1937 his mother presented an award in his honour to be presented annually by the Debating Union of his alma mater, McGill University.
He was one of four Canadians featured in the book Tapestry of War: A Private View of Canadians in the Great War, by Sandra Gwyn.
Major Papineau was portrayed by his fifth cousin, twice removed, then future Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, in the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation's telefilm, The Great War. Trudeau starred in the two-part CBC miniseries, an account of Canada's participation in the First World War, in which Papineau was killed during the Battle of Passchendaele.
# Executive Order 14063

Executive Order 14063, officially titled Use of Project Labor Agreements for Federal Construction Projects, was signed on February 4, 2022 and is the 79th executive order signed by U.S. President Joe Biden. The telos of the order is to require project labor agreements on federal construction projects.

## Provisions

This executive order mandates project labor agreements on federal construction projects worth more than $35 million, which will affect $262 billion in federal construction contracts and improve job quality for roughly 200,000 people. Project labor agreements (PLAs) are commonly used in the construction industry to define the terms of employment for all project workers. PLAs typically stipulate workers' pay and benefits, as well as rules requiring contractors to hire workers through union hiring systems, otherwise form a unionized workforce, or develop procedures for resolving employment issues. PLAs frequently contain wording that prohibits workers from striking during the project while simultaneously prohibiting employers from locking out workers. PLAs are useful tools for lowering construction costs, assuring timely completion of projects, and ensuring that all workers are paid fairly. PLAs also aid in the preservation of worker health and safety while also giving a unique opportunity for workforce development. These agreements can be established to engage local communities, offer jobs for disadvantaged groups, and provide apprentices with valuable experience.
The order underscores President Biden's focus on increasing efficiency, lowering costs, boosting worker well-being, and involving local communities in large-scale federal initiatives. PLAs can help promote the shift to a clean energy economy by creating green jobs, training workers in sustainable construction practices, and reinvesting in local communities. PLAs can help to bolster initiatives to upgrade internet and water systems while also ensuring high labor standards.
# Galina Savinkova

Galina Savinkova (Russian: Галина Савинкова; born 15 July 1953) is a retired female track and field athlete from the Soviet Union, who set the world record in the women's discus throw on 23 May 1983 with a distance of 73.26 metres. A year later, on 8 September 1984 in Donetsk, she reached 73.28 metres. That mark still is the Russian national record.

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Notes |
| Representing Soviet Union |||||
| 1983 | World Championships | Helsinki, Finland | 11th | 59.28 m |
# 2023 Ethiopian crackdown on the hospitality industry

The Ethiopian government launched a crackdown on hotels, bars, restaurant and pubs in Addis Ababa for alleged homosexual activities on 10 August 2023. Security forces raided guest houses to shut them down and arrested managers linked to such acts. The Addis Ababa Peace and Security Administration Bureau stated that they were taking measures "against hotels, restaurants, guest houses, and other entertainment venues suspected of involvement in homosexual acts". The House of Guramayle, an LGBT advocacy group, is concerned that the LGBT community is being suppressed and that many self-identified gay, lesbian and transgender people are under attack on online platforms such as TikTok.

## Event

On 10 August 2023, the Ethiopian government launched crackdowns on venues in the hospitality industry, such as hotels, bars, restaurants and pubs in Addis Ababa for alleged homosexual activities. In an Addis Ababa Peace and Security Administration Bureau statement, the operation is discreet from the public, guest houses have been raided and their managers were arrested. The Bureau called for the public to report such incidents. Human rights groups said that LGBT people are still under persecution and stigma in Ethiopia and their identities are strongly prohibited from being exposed to society.
House of Guramayle, an LGBT advocacy group, is concerned that TikTok is the main platform for LGBT Ethiopians to be harassed by having their names, photographs and online profiles shared. On 2 August, a TikTok user called for gay men to be stabbed in their buttocks and a young man was threatened by saying "We should find them and kill them before stumbling with his foot". Many LGBT Ethiopians feel threatened and abused by TikTok users engaging in coordinated online harassment.
# Ken Oxendine

Kenneth Quarious Oxendine (born October 4, 1975) is an American former professional football player who was a running back for two seasons for the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League (NFL) He was selected in the seventh round of the 1998 NFL draft. After the NFL, he briefly played for the XFL's Los Angeles Xtreme during the 2001 season.
Oxendine played college football for the Virginia Tech Hokies. His senior year, despite splitting time with Lamont Pegues, Oxendine rushed for 904 yd (827 m) and eight touchdowns.
Following his football career, Oxendine became a physical education instructor. Since 2006, he has been teaching physical education at Notre Dame Academy in Duluth, Georgia. On July 28, 2012, in Lawrenceville, GA, he married Playboy June 2011 playmate, Mei-Ling Lam.
Oxendine was raised in Chester, Virginia. He attended Curtis Elementary School, Chester Middle School, and was a graduate of Thomas Dale High School.
# Mitsivarniannga

Mitsivarniannga (1860 – 1910) was an angakkuq (a Greenlandic shaman) who created tupilai. He was among the first Greenlandic artists to produce tupilai, when between 1905 and 1906, he created a series of replicas for a Danish researcher made of driftwood and child body parts, including teeth, eyes, and skin. His son was Kârale Andreassen, who drew one of his tupilai, which was created in response to the death of Mitsivarniannga's brother.

## Life and career

Mitsivarniannga was born in 1860.
Tupilai were figures which caused misfortune. During the Danish conquest of Greenland, settlers attempted—but never succeeded—in furnishing authentic tupilai; artists began to create replicas, which they would then sell. Between 1905 and 1906, Mitsivarniannga created one of the first tupilaq replicas for a Danish researcher, William Thalbitzer, which depicted a tupilaq that harassed Mitsivarniannga's family; these were made of child body parts (including teeth, eyes, and skin) and driftwood. This broke the taboo of not showing settlers tupilai, and other artists began to create tupilaq figures.
The settlers and missionaries allowed for East Greenlandic cultural traditions to continue on, and as a result of this sympathetic approach, Mitsivarniannga was among the first shamans to convert to Christianity.
Mitsivarniannga's son was Kârale Andreassen, a catechist. In the 1920s, Andreassen drew one of his father's tupilai, which was created in response to the death of Mitsivarniannga's brother. According to Mitsivarniannga, the tupilaq was created with pieces of his brother's body (including his head), a dead snow bunting, and seal tendons. After assembling the tupilaq, he said it came alive and flew away to avenge the death of his brother.
Mitsivarniannga died in 1910. A book of Greenlandic songs has one about challenging him from 1935.
# Konamaneni Amareswari

Justice K. Amareswari (1928–2009) was the first woman judge of the Andhra Pradesh High Court.
Amareswari was born in Appikatla Village in Guntur District. She graduated with a master's degree in Politics and History from Andhra University College of Law in the year 1949. She completed her bachelor's in law from the same university.
She was a member of the Bar Council from 1960 to 1961 and was appointed Judge directly from the Bar. She was the first lady judge of the Andhra Pradesh High Court.
She was the Vice-President of the Indian Federation of Women Lawyers. She also worked as the Vice-President of the Andhra Pradesh High Court Advocates Association during the period 1975-1976. In the year 1978 on 29 April she was appointed permanent Judge for Andhra Pradesh High Court.
She died on 25 July 2009, in New Delhi where she had been practising as a senior advocate at the Supreme Court. She is survived by a son and daughter. Chief Minister Y.S. Rajasekhara Reddy and several other political leaders conveyed their condolences to the family members.
# Oleg Dimov

Oleg Dmitrievich Dimov (Russian: Олег Дмитриевич Димов; born 8 March 1968, Vladychen', Bolhrad Raion) is a Russian political figure and a deputy of the 8th State Duma.
In 1989 Dimov graduated from The Novosibirsk Higher Military-Political Combined Arms School. In 2013 he was awarded the Doctor of Sciences degree in economics. From 2004 to 2010, he was the deputy of the Orenburg City Council. He left the post to become Deputy Head of the City of Orenburg. In 2011, Dimov was appointed the vice-governor and the Chief of Staff of the Governor and Government of the Orenburg oblast. From 2013-to 2015, he was Deputy Prime Minister of the Orenburg Oblast.
In September 2021, Oleg Dimov was elected deputy for the 8th State Duma. He joined the working group on relations with the parliaments of the Benelux Union.

## Sanctions

He was sanctioned by Canada under the Special Economic Measures Act (S.C. 1992, c. 17) in relation to the Russian invasion of Ukraine for Grave Breach of International Peace and Security, and by the UK government in 2022 in relation to Russo-Ukrainian War.
# Murder of Heaven Awot

Heaven Awot, a seven-year-old girl was brutally raped, mutilated and killed by her mother's landlord Getnet Baye in Bahir Dar, Amhara Region, Ethiopia in August 2023. Getnet was sentenced to 25 years life in prison. The murder has heavily sparked public outrage, who demand appropriate punishment for the assailant, and circulated in social media. Getnet appealed to the court and the case adjourned until October 2024.
Several women's and children right organizations voiced condemnation for the murder. Among those, the Ethiopian Women Lawyers Association (EWLA) said the "murder by itself should have been enough to sentence him to life imprisonment or to death…". The Minister for Women and Social Affairs Ergoge Tesfaye also condemned the murder by saying "inhumane" in her Facebook page.

## Background

Heaven Awot was a seven-year-old girl from Bahir Dar in Amhara Region. Her family was separated during the conflict in Tigray. Heaven's father is an ethnic Tigrayan, who during the war, was imprisoned for several months. After being released from prison, he left Amhara Region to Tigray, as he believed he would raise suspicion in the region during ethnic profiling against Tigrayans. Heaven's mother, Abekyelesh Adeba, was a nurse who raised Heaven and her younger sister in a tenancy with landlord Getnet Baye. Abekyelesh told the BBC that she had never felt any threat to her daughter. She was related to the landlord's wife which made her feel even more at ease. At the time of the murder in August 2023, Abekyelesh was at work and the girl's aunt, a 15 year old guardian, was informed by Heaven that she was going to the bathroom and did not return.
Suspicious, the aunt attempted to find Heaven but was unsuccessful. Later that day, Heaven’s younger 3 year old sister found Heaven and informed the aunt about Heaven laying outside. The aunt found Heaven's body at the entrance of her home, her body strangled and mutilated, sand along with water and pebbles stuffed in her mouth. Her genitalia was completely torn and damaged so badly that one could easily see her spinal cord through it.

## Aftermath and reactions

The case was not publicized until the next year, sparking widespread public outrage in Ethiopia with many arguing the sentencing of the alleged perpetrator was too "merciful". More than 200,000 people signed a petition demanding appropriate justice for Getnet's alleged crime. Getnet was apprehended and sentenced to 25 years to life in prison. Following his sentence, Getnet appealed to the court, which adjourned the case until October 2024. Heaven's mother, Abekyelesh Adeba told the BBC that she felt "lifeless" after hearing of her death.
Heaven's death also created great outrage among women's and children's rights groups. The Ethiopian Women Lawyers Association (EWLA) released a statement stating the "murder by itself should have been enough to sentence him to life imprisonment or to death…". Similarly, the Minister for Women and Social Affairs Ergoge Tesfaye condemned the murder as "inhumane" on her Facebook page and said the office would investigate the case with stakeholders.
# Sychrov (Liberec District)

Sychrov (German: Sichrow) is a municipality and village in Liberec District in the Liberec Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants. It is known for the Sychrov Castle.

## Administrative division

Sychrov consists of five municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
* Sychrov (27)
* Radostín (55)
* Sedlejovice (72)
* Třtí (33)
* Vrchovina (48)

## Geography

Sychrov is located about 14 kilometres (9 mi) south of Liberec. It lies in the Jičín Uplands. The Mohelka River flows through the municipality. The village of Sychrov is urbanistically fused with neighbouring Radimovice.

## History

The first written mention of Sychrov (under the name Svojkov) is from 1367. A fort was first documented in the 15th century. In the 17th century, the village disappeared and the fort was replaced by a small Baroque castle named Sychrov, which was built in 1690–1693. The newly established village got its name after the castle. The Sychrov Castle was reconstructed in the Empire style and expanded in 1834.

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1869 | 722 | — |
| 1880 | 687 | −4.8% |
| 1890 | 689 | +0.3% |
| 1900 | 729 | +5.8% |
| 1910 | 671 | −8.0% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1921 | 600 | −10.6% |
| 1930 | 676 | +12.7% |
| 1950 | 491 | −27.4% |
| 1961 | 392 | −20.2% |
| 1970 | 305 | −22.2% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1980 | 261 | −14.4% |
| 1991 | 170 | −34.9% |
| 2001 | 174 | +2.4% |
| 2011 | 197 | +13.2% |
| 2021 | 235 | +19.3% |
Source: Censuses :

## Transport

The railway line Liberec–Jaroměř passes through the municipality. However, the train station called Sychrov is located in the territory of neighbouring Radimovice.

## Sights

Sychrov is known for the Sychrov Castle. It gained its present appearance between 1847 and 1862, when it was rebuilt in the romantic neo-Gothic style. Today, the castle is open to the public and offers guided tours.
The castle complex includes a 26 ha (64 acres) large English-style park with an orangery. The park was gradually established between 1820 and 1855.
# Joseph Viger

Joseph Viger (February 13, 1739 – November 17, 1803) was a businessman and political figure in Lower Canada.
He was born Joseph-René Viger in Montreal in 1739, the son of Jacques Viger, a shoemaker. He became a lumber merchant at Rivière-des-Prairies near Montreal and then at L'Assomption. He was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada in Leinster County in 1796.
Viger died at Saint-Sulpice in 1803.
His brothers, Denis and Jacques, also served in the legislative assembly. His nephew, Jacques Viger, later became the first mayor of Montreal.
# Federal Information Security Modernization Act of 2014

The Federal Information Security Modernization Act of 2014 (Pub.L. 113-283, S. 2521; commonly referred to as FISMA Reform) was signed into federal law by President Barack Obama on December 18, 2014. Passed as a response to the increasing amount of cyber attacks on the federal government, it amended existing laws to enable the federal government to better respond to cyber attacks on departments and agencies.
An earlier version of the legislation was proposed by House Oversight and Government Reform Chairman Darrell Issa and co-sponsored by the Committee's Ranking Member Elijah Cummings as H.R.1163 Federal Information Security Amendments Act of 2013. The bill was passed by the U.S. House of Representatives on a vote of 416–0.
The final version of the legislation was introduced to the United States Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs by Thomas Carper (D–DE) on June 24, 2014 and passed December 8, 2014 in the Senate and December 10, 2014 in the House.
# Cryptocarya foetida

Cryptocarya foetida, commonly known as stinking cryptocarya or stinking laurel, is a species of flowering plant in the family Lauraceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a small to medium-sized tree with egg-shaped to elliptic leaves, cream coloured, unpleasantly perfumed, tube-shaped flowers, and spherical black to purplish drupes.

## Description

Cryptocarya foetida is a small or medium-sized tree that typically grows to a height of up to 25 m (82 ft), the stem not butressed with a trunk dbh of 25 cm (9.8 in). The leaves are egg-shaped to elliptic or oval, 8–150 mm (0.31–5.91 in) long and 33–44 mm (1.3–1.7 in) wide on a petiole 6–10 mm (0.24–0.39 in) long. Both surfaces of the leaves are glabrous with prominent veins, and the lower surface is paler. The flowers are arranged in dense panicles that are shorter than the leaves, the perianth tube 1.1–1.2 mm (0.043–0.047 in) long and 1.5–1.7 mm (0.059–0.067 in) wide. The tepals are 1.7–1.9 mm (0.067–0.075 in) long and 0.8–0.9 mm (0.031–0.035 in) wide, the outer anthers 0.7–0.8 mm (0.028–0.031 in) long and 0.5–0.6 mm (0.020–0.024 in) wide, the inner anthers 0.8 mm (0.031 in) long and 0.4 mm (0.016 in) wide. Flowering mainly occurs in February, and the fruit is a spherical black to purplish-black drupe, 8–13 mm (0.31–0.51 in) long and 8–15 mm (0.31–0.59 in) wide.

## Taxonomy

Cryptocarya foetida was first formally described in 1905 by Richard Thomas Baker in the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. The specific epithet (foetida) is a Latin word meaning 'stinking' or 'evil-smelling.

## Distribution and habitat

Stinking cryptocarya occurs from east of Gympie in southern Queensland to Iluka in northern New South Wales, where it grows in littoral rainforest on old sand dunes.

## Conservation status

This species of Cryptocarya is listed as "vulnerable" under the Australian Government Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 and the New South Wales Government Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016. The main threats to the species are its small population size, clearing and fragmentation of habitat, and weed invasion.

## Gallery

* Leaves
* Fowers and leaves
# Petz (disambiguation)

Petz is a 1990s series of games in which the player has virtual pets. It may also refer to:

## Geography

* Schlern (also known as Petz), summit in South Tyrol

## People

* Anton von Petz, Austrian-Hungarian Navy officer
* Dénes Petz, professor of mathematical physics and quantum information
* Johann Christoph Petz, German composer and Kapellmeister
* Manfred Petz, German goalkeeper

## Media

* Familie Petz, Austrian television programme
# Dasu bus attack

On 14 July 2021, a bus carrying Chinese workers in the Dasu area of Upper Kohistan District, Pakistan, fell into a ravine after an explosion, killing 13 people, including nine Chinese citizens and four Pakistanis, and injuring 28 others.

## The bombing

The bomb was detonated near a hydroelectric project where Chinese and Pakistani workers had been laboring together for several years. The bus fell into a ravine as a result of the attack. The injured were taken by ambulance helicopters to a hospital in Dasu city, 10 km away. Muhammad Hasnain and Muhammed Ayaz, who were identified as Pakistani Taliban members and masterminds of the attack, were arrested and sentenced to death in November 2022.

## Reactions

On 12 August 2021, Pakistani Foreign Minister Shah Mahmood Qureshi said that Afghanistan's soil was used for the terrorist attack and the investigators were looking traces of its planning and that the perpetrators had met meeting with NDS and RAW revealing an "Indian-Afghan nexus."
The same day, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa Counter-Terrorism Department (CTD) DG Javed Iqbal, said that Dasu attack was a suicide attack and it was done by attackers from Afghanistan. He identified Khalid aka Sheikh as the bomber and said he was a resident of Afghanistan. DG Javed Iqbal had identified Muhammad Tariq Rafiq, a commander of Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan, as the main mastermind behind the attack.

## Response

The main mastermind of the attack, Muhammad Tariq Rafiq, was killed in Paich Dara, Kunar Province, Afghanistan on 12 July 2023. Muhammad Tariq Rafiq was highly wanted commander of Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan and was responsible for number of terrorist attacks in Pakistan including the Dasu bus attack.
On 12 November 2022, an anti-terrorism court in Pakistan sentenced both Muhammad Hussain and Muhammad Ayaz to death for their involvement in the attack.
# Ivan Nagibin

Ivan Aleksandrovich Nagibin (Russian: Иван Александрович Нагибин; born 21 March 1986) is a Russian former professional football player.