# 2007 South Korean presidential election

Presidential elections were held in South Korea on 19 December 2007. The election was won by Lee Myung-bak of the Grand National Party, returning conservatives to the Blue House for the first time in ten years. Lee defeated Grand Unified Democratic New Party nominee Chung Dong-young and independent Lee Hoi-chang by a nearly 2-to-1 margin, the largest since direct elections were reintroduced in 1987. It also marked the first time a president-elect in Korea was under investigation by a prosecutor. Voter turnout was 63%, an all-time low according to the National Election Commission.

## Background

On 28 February 2007 the official census was published, identifying the number of eligible voters, with the electoral rolls compiled and published between 21 and 26 November, before being finalised on 12 December. Pre-registration of candidates began on 23 April, with 25–26 November as the dates to officially register.

## Candidates

The elections were a three-way race between the ruling Grand Unified Democratic New Party's Chung Dong-young, opposition Grand National Party's Lee Myung-bak, and conservative independent Lee Hoi-chang. Also in the race but polling less than 10% were former Yuhan Kimberly CEO Moon Kook-hyun and congressman Kwon Young-ghil from Ulsan.

### Grand Unified Democratic New primaries

A total of nine candidates ran to be the Grand Unified Democratic New Party presidential candidate;
* Chung Dong-young, former National Assemblyman from North Jeolla
* Sohn Hak-kyu, former governor of Gyeonggi
* Lee Hae-chan, National Assemblyman from Seoul
* Rhyu Si-min, National Assemblyman from Gyeonggi
* Han Myeong-sook, National Assemblywoman for PR
* Shin Ki-nam, National Assemblyman from Seoul
* Chun Jung-bae, former Minister of Justice
* Choo Mi-ae, National Assemblyman from Seoul
* Kim Doo-kwan, former Minister of Interior
An opinion poll was conducted on 2,400 eligible voters and 10,000 of those who signed up to vote in the primaries between 3 and 5 September; only the top five candidates were allowed to advance to the full primary elections.
| Candidate | Electors | % | Non-Members | % | Total | % |
| Sohn Hak-kyu | 2,207 | 23.4 | 2,460 | 26.1 | 4,667 | 24.8 |
| Chung Dong-young | 2,339 | 24.8 | 2,274 | 24.1 | 4,613 | 24.5 |
| Lee Hae-chan | 1,339 | 14.2 | 1,370 | 14.5 | 2,709 | 14.4 |
| Rhyu Si-min | 1,057 | 11.2 | 856 | 9.1 | 1,913 | 10.1 |
| Han Myeong-sook | 761 | 8.1 | 1,015 | 10.8 | 1,776 | 9.4 |
| Others | 1,725 | 18.3 | 1,453 | 15.4 | 3,178 | 16.9 |
| Total | 9,428 | 100 | 9,428 | 100 | 18,856 | 100 |
| Source: |||||||
Despite qualifying for the full primary vote, Han Myeong-sook withdrew her bid for nomination and endorsed Lee Hae-chan before the primary races began. The primary races counted for 90% of the final result and the opinion poll 10%.
| Dates | Races | Chung | Chung | Sohn | Sohn | Lee | Lee | Rhyu | Rhyu | Total |
| Dates | Races | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Total |
| 15 September | Jeju | 3,003 | 32.8 | 2,754 | 30.1 | 1,866 | 20.4 | 1,528 | 16.7 | 9,151 |
| 15 September | Ulsan | 2,262 | 34.8 | 1,335 | 20.5 | 1,548 | 23.8 | 1,362 | 20.9 | 6,507 |
| 16 September | Gangwon | 2,311 | 31.1 | 2,359 | 31.8 | 2,751 | 37.1 | – | – | 7,421 |
| 16 September | North Chungcheong | 6,334 | 52.7 | 2,920 | 24.3 | 2,760 | 23.0 | – | – | 12,014 |
| 17 September | Gwangju | 10,841 | 47.6 | 7,948 | 34.9 | 4,007 | 17.6 | – | – | 22,796 |
| 17 September | South Jeolla | 15,224 | 46.1 | 11,958 | 36.2 | 5,819 | 17.6 | – | – | 33,001 |
| 30 September | Busan | 6,689 | 37.6 | 4,508 | 25.3 | 6,614 | 37.1 | – | – | 17,811 |
| 30 September | South Gyeongsang | 4,461 | 34.8 | 4,069 | 31.8 | 4,276 | 33.4 | – | – | 12,806 |
| 9 October | Mobile-1 | 7,004 | 33.5 | 7,649 | 36.5 | 6,285 | 30.0 | – | – | 20,938 |
| 11 October | Mobile-2 | 19,288 | 34.6 | 21,359 | 38.4 | 15,035 | 27.0 | – | – | 55,682 |
| 10–12 October | Opinion Poll | 21,850 | 44.1 | 17,525 | 35.3 | 10,216 | 20.6 | – | – | 49,591 |
| 13-14 October | Mobile-3 | 35,846 | 35.5 | 41,023 | 40.7 | 23,964 | 23.8 | – | – | 100,833 |
| 14 October | North Jeolla | 38,078 | 81.3 | 6,387 | 13.6 | 2,367 | 5.1 | – | – | 46,832 |
| 14 October | Daejeon | 1,766 | 33.9 | 1,464 | 28.1 | 1,974 | 37.9 | – | – | 5,204 |
| 14 October | South Chungcheong | 2,182 | 32.6 | 1,616 | 24.1 | 2,895 | 43.3 | – | – | 6,693 |
| 14 October | Daegu | 1,108 | 25.7 | 1,530 | 35.5 | 1,677 | 38.9 | – | – | 4,315 |
| 14 October | North Gyeongsang | 1,598 | 33.4 | 2,017 | 42.1 | 1,174 | 24.5 | – | – | 4,789 |
| 14 October | Gyeonggi | 13,025 | 40.2 | 13,587 | 42.0 | 5,767 | 17.8 | – | – | 32,379 |
| 14 October | Incheon | 3,117 | 41.0 | 3,160 | 41.5 | 1,331 | 17.5 | – | – | 7,608 |
| 14 October | Seoul | 20,997 | 49.5 | 13,631 | 32.1 | 7,802 | 18.4 | – | – | 42,430 |
| Total | Total | 216,984 | 43.8 | 168,799 | 34.0 | 110,128 | 22.2 | – | – | 495,911 |
At the UNDP National Convention, held on October 15, 2007, Chung was officially named the party's presidential nominee.

### Grand National primaries

Five candidates contested the primaries of the Grand National Party:
* Lee Myung-bak, former Mayor of Seoul
* Park Geun-hye, National Assemblywoman from Daegu
* Won Hee-ryong, National Assemblyman from Seoul
* Hong Joon-pyo, National Assemblyman from Seoul
* Go Jin-hwa, National Assemblyman from Seoul
Former Gyeonggi Governor Sohn Hak-kyu sought to participate, but he later decided to instead run for the UNDP nomination, and failed.
The GNP primary consisted of opinion polling (weighted 20%) and popular vote by pre-registered electors (weighted 80%). The poll and the voting were all conducted on 19 August and the results were announced at the National Convention on 20 August, naming Lee Myung-bak as the official nominee. Because Lee won the race with a slight margin, there was controversy regarding the method primary election used (opinion poll). However, Park Geun-hye conceded her loss to Lee. Park ran again in 2012 and won the primary.
| Races | Lee | Lee | Park | Park | Won | Won | Hong | Hong | Total |
| Races | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Total |
| Seoul | 16,190 | 58.0 | 11,113 | 39.8 | 330 | 1.2 | 271 | 1.0 | 27,904 |
| Incheon | 3,089 | 49.1 | 3,135 | 49.9 | 36 | 0.6 | 25 | 0.4 | 6,285 |
| Gyeonggi | 12,779 | 50.0 | 12,543 | 49.1 | 161 | 0.6 | 88 | 0.3 | 25,571 |
| Gangwon | 1,866 | 43.0 | 2,436 | 56.2 | 22 | 0.5 | 14 | 0.3 | 4,338 |
| North Chungcheong | 1,823 | 43.3 | 2,343 | 55.7 | 26 | 0.6 | 16 | 0.4 | 4,208 |
| South Chungcheong | 2,271 | 41.3 | 3,179 | 57.8 | 26 | 0.5 | 24 | 0.4 | 5,500 |
| Daejeon | 1,272 | 34.1 | 2,404 | 64.4 | 40 | 1.1 | 18 | 0.5 | 3,734 |
| North Jeolla | 2,141 | 55.3 | 1,581 | 40.8 | 111 | 2.9 | 39 | 1.0 | 3,872 |
| South Jeolla | 2,692 | 57.0 | 1,852 | 39.2 | 133 | 2.8 | 48 | 1.0 | 4,725 |
| Gwangju | 1,338 | 57.6 | 853 | 36.8 | 104 | 4.5 | 26 | 1.1 | 2,321 |
| North Gyeongsang | 4,455 | 46.3 | 5,111 | 53.1 | 31 | 0.3 | 24 | 0.2 | 9,621 |
| South Gyeongsang | 4,498 | 48.1 | 4,748 | 50.8 | 76 | 0.8 | 30 | 0.3 | 9,352 |
| Daegu | 2,305 | 31.1 | 5,072 | 68.4 | 19 | 0.3 | 22 | 0.3 | 7,418 |
| Busan | 5,273 | 47.2 | 5,789 | 51.8 | 60 | 0.5 | 47 | 0.4 | 11,169 |
| Ulsan | 1,517 | 47.7 | 1,637 | 51.4 | 18 | 0.6 | 11 | 0.3 | 3,183 |
| Jeju | 707 | 41.8 | 852 | 50.4 | 126 | 7.4 | 7 | 0.4 | 1,692 |
| Opinion poll | 16,868 | 51.5 | 13,984 | 42.7 | 1,079 | 3.3 | 793 | 2.4 | 32,724 |
| Total | 81,084 | 49.6 | 78,632 | 48.1 | 2,398 | 1.5 | 1,503 | 0.9 | 163,617 |

### Lee Hoi-chang

1997 and 2002 presidential candidate for GNP, Lee Hoi-chang had announced his candidacy on November 7, 2007 as an independent, not joining GNP primary.

### Democratic Labor primary

The primary election of the Democratic Labour Party involved two types of voting;
* Online voting: All members of this party can log on to the official homepage to cast their vote. Confirmation process by cell phone is needed.
* Off-line voting: There are 227 voting stations around the nation. Voters can cast their vote from 09:00 to 22:00
The total number of party members that were eligible to cast a vote was 50,117.
* Kwon Young-ghil, National Assemblyman from South Gyeongsang
* Sim Sang-jung, National Assemblywoman as Proportional Representative
* Roh Hoe-chan, National Assemblyman as Proportional Representative
No candidate received a majority of the votes, so a second round of the presidential primary was scheduled from 10 to 15 September.
| Candidate | First round | First round | Second round | Second round |
| Candidate | Votes | % | Votes | % |
| Kwon Young-ghil | 19,053 | 49.4 | 19,109 | 52.7 |
| Sim Sang-jung | 10,064 | 26.1 | 17,122 | 47.3 |
| Roh Hoe-chan | 9,478 | 24.6 | | |
| Total | 38,595 | 100 | 36,231 | 100 |
| Source: Media Today, Hani |||||

#### First round results by province

| Dates | Races | Kwon | Kwon | Sim | Sim | Roh | Roh | Total |
| Aug. 24 | Jeju | 234 | 37.3% | 196 | 31.3% | 197 | 31.4% | 627 |
| Aug. 25 | South Jeolla | 912 | 59.8% | 291 | 19.1% | 321 | 21.1% | 1,524 |
| Aug. 25 | Gwangju | 837 | 60.3% | 217 | 15.6% | 334 | 24.1% | 1,388 |
| Aug. 26 | North Gyeongsang | 586 | 32.3% | 648 | 35.7% | 580 | 32.0% | 1,814 |
| Aug. 26 | Daegu | 449 | 38.4% | 342 | 29.3% | 377 | 32.3% | 1,168 |
| Aug. 29 | South Chungcheong | 618 | 37.7% | 482 | 29.4% | 540 | 32.4% | 1,640 |
| Aug. 29 | Daejeon | 307 | 39.7% | 270 | 34.9% | 196 | 25.4% | 773 |
| Sep. 1 | North Jeolla | 1,429 | 56.9% | 422 | 16.8% | 660 | 26.3% | 2,511 |
| Sep. 2 | South Gyeongsang | 2,686 | 62.9% | 911 | 21.3% | 677 | 15.8% | 4,274 |
| Sep. 3 | Busan | 1,076 | 48.9% | 532 | 24.2% | 592 | 26.9% | 2,200 |
| Sep. 5 | Ulsan | 1,407 | 59.8% | 599 | 25.5% | 347 | 14.7% | 2,353 |
| Sep. 7 | North Chungcheong | 332 | 28.8% | 497 | 43.1% | 323 | 28.0% | 1,152 |
| Sep. 8 | Gangwon | 498 | 38.2% | 392 | 30.1% | 414 | 31.87 | 1,304 |
| Sep. 9 | Gyeonggi | 3,518 | 57.0% | 1,415 | 22.9% | 1,242 | 20.1% | 6,175 |
| Sep. 9 | Incheon | 1,578 | 56.4% | 669 | 23.9% | 553 | 19.75% | 2,800 |
| Sep. 9 | Seoul | 2,578 | 37.5% | 2,172 | 31.6% | 2,122 | 30.9% | 6,872 |
| Abroad | Abroad | 8 | 40.0% | 9 | 45.0% | 3 | 15.0% | 20 |
| Total | Total | 19,053 | 49.4% | 10,064 | 26.1% | 9,478 | 24.6% | 38,595 |

### Creative Korea primary

Moon Kook-hyun (문국현), former CEO of Yuhan Kimberly (Kimberly-Clark's company in Korea), was elected as the official presidential candidate of the party on 4 November 2007, through mobile voting amongst party members.
| Choice | Votes | % |
| For Moon | 8,884 | 95.0 |
| Against | 468 | 5.0 |
| Total | 9,352 | 100 |
| Source: Polinews |||

## Exit polls

An exit poll was announced at 18:00 on election day, at which point voting had finished. It predicted Lee Myung-bak had won an absolute majority.
| Candidate | Prediction | Estimated % |
| Lee Myung-bak | Winner | 50.3 |
| Chung Dong-young | 2nd | 26.0 |
| Lee Hoi-chang | 3rd | 13.5 |

## Results

| Candidate | Candidate | Party | Votes | % |
| | Lee Myung-bak | Grand National Party | 11,492,389 | 48.67 |
| | Chung Dong-young | Grand Unified Democratic New Party | 6,174,681 | 26.15 |
| | Lee Hoi-chang | Independent | 3,559,963 | 15.08 |
| | Moon Kook-hyun | Creative Korea Party | 1,375,498 | 5.83 |
| | Kwon Young-ghil | Democratic Labor Party | 712,121 | 3.02 |
| | Lee In-je | Democratic Party | 160,708 | 0.68 |
| | Huh Kyung-young | Economic Republican Party | 96,756 | 0.41 |
| | Geum Min | Socialist Party | 18,223 | 0.08 |
| | Chung Kun-mo | True Owner Coalition | 15,380 | 0.07 |
| | Chun Kwan | Chamsaram Society Full True Act | 7,161 | 0.03 |
| Total | Total | Total | 23,612,880 | 100.00 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | Valid votes | 23,612,880 | 99.49 |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 119,974 | 0.51 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 23,732,854 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 37,653,518 | 63.03 |
| Source: Park & Lee, IFES |||||

### By region
#### Major candidates

Breakdown of votes by region for candidates with at least 1% of the total votes.
| Region | Lee Myung-bak | Lee Myung-bak | Chung Dong-young | Chung Dong-young | Lee Hoi-chang | Lee Hoi-chang | Moon Kook-hyun | Moon Kook-hyun | Kwon Young-ghil | Kwon Young-ghil |
| Region | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % |
| Seoul | 2,689,162 | 53.2 | 1,237,812 | 24.5 | 596,226 | 11.8 | 358,781 | 7.1 | 116,344 | 2.3 |
| Busan | 1,018,715 | 57.9 | 236,708 | 13.5 | 346,319 | 19.7 | 94,285 | 5.4 | 48,901 | 2.8 |
| Daegu | 876,719 | 69.4 | 75,932 | 6.0 | 228,199 | 18.1 | 50,514 | 4.0 | 25,777 | 2.0 |
| Incheon | 593,283 | 49.2 | 286,565 | 23.8 | 183,057 | 15.2 | 84,814 | 7.0 | 42,069 | 3.5 |
| Gwangju | 56,875 | 8.6 | 527,588 | 79.8 | 22,520 | 3.4 | 31,524 | 4.8 | 13,597 | 2.1 |
| Daejeon | 246,008 | 36.3 | 159,700 | 23.6 | 195,957 | 28.9 | 48,143 | 7.1 | 17,207 | 2.5 |
| Ulsan | 279,891 | 54.0 | 70,736 | 13.6 | 90,905 | 17.5 | 28,605 | 5.5 | 43,607 | 8.4 |
| Gyeonggi | 2,603,443 | 51.9 | 1,181,936 | 23.6 | 670,742 | 13.4 | 354,492 | 7.1 | 144,830 | 2.9 |
| Gangwon | 376,004 | 52.0 | 136,668 | 18.9 | 127,102 | 17.6 | 42,552 | 5.9 | 28,129 | 3.9 |
| North Chungcheong | 289,499 | 41.6 | 165,637 | 23.8 | 162,750 | 23.4 | 39,884 | 5.7 | 25,285 | 3.6 |
| South Chungcheong | 313,693 | 34.3 | 192,999 | 21.1 | 304,259 | 33.2 | 43,383 | 4.7 | 32,132 | 3.5 |
| North Jeolla | 86,149 | 9.0 | 777,236 | 81.6 | 34,630 | 3.6 | 26,573 | 2.8 | 18,139 | 1.9 |
| South Jeolla | 88,834 | 9.2 | 757,309 | 78.7 | 34,790 | 3.6 | 31,289 | 3.2 | 23,178 | 2.4 |
| North Gyeongsang | 1,033,957 | 72.6 | 96,822 | 6.8 | 195,526 | 13.7 | 47,345 | 3.3 | 39,327 | 2.8 |
| South Gyeongsang | 843,662 | 55.0 | 189,463 | 12.4 | 329,486 | 21.5 | 73,893 | 4.8 | 82,645 | 5.4 |
| Jeju | 96,495 | 38.7 | 81,570 | 32.7 | 37,495 | 15.0 | 19,421 | 7.8 | 10,954 | 4.4 |
| Total | 11,492,389 | 48.7 | 6,174,681 | 26.1 | 3,559,963 | 15.1 | 1,375,498 | 5.8 | 712,121 | 3.0 |
| Source: National Election Commission |||||||||||

#### Minor candidates

Breakdown of votes by region for candidates with less than 1% of the total votes.
| Region | Lee In-je | Huh Kyung-young | Geum Min | Chung Kun-mo | Chun Kwan |
| Seoul | 23,214 | 22,405 | 3,501 | 3,013 | 911 |
| Busan | 4,599 | 7,351 | 1,198 | 770 | 406 |
| Daegu | 1,847 | 3,375 | 727 | 367 | 221 |
| Incheon | 7,612 | 5,769 | 1,068 | 797 | 323 |
| Gwangju | 7,118 | 1,547 | 289 | 398 | 96 |
| Daejeon | 7,223 | 2,356 | 683 | 467 | 204 |
| Ulsan | 1,884 | 2,059 | 467 | 271 | 121 |
| Gyeonggi | 30,513 | 23,554 | 3,207 | 3,378 | 1,312 |
| Gangwon | 6,085 | 5,063 | 849 | 615 | 436 |
| North Chungcheong | 7,965 | 3,435 | 759 | 561 | 321 |
| South Chungcheong | 22,592 | 3,814 | 1,131 | 934 | 568 |
| North Jeolla | 6,550 | 1,777 | 538 | 590 | 270 |
| South Jeolla | 23,074 | 2,179 | 743 | 938 | 517 |
| North Gyeongsang | 3,823 | 4,696 | 1,458 | 819 | 699 |
| South Gyeongsang | 4,935 | 6,063 | 1,261 | 1,310 | 612 |
| Jeju | 1,674 | 1,273 | 344 | 152 | 144 |
| Total | 160,708 | 96,756 | 18,223 | 15,380 | 7,161 |
| Source: National Election Commission ||||||

## Other information

On April 7, 2011, a National Intelligence Service agent was guilty of investigating Lee Myung-bak's secret real estate-related information before the election.
According to leaked diplomatic cables, Yoo Chong-ha (유종하), the former co-chairman of Lee Myung-bak's presidential election campaign, requested to then American ambassador to South Korea, Alexander Vershbow, to delay the extraction of the main individual of the BBK embezzlement scandal, Christopher Kim (Kim Kyung-joon), to Korea on the request to prevent spreading controversies related to Lee Myung-bak's involvement in the BBK embezzlement scandal during the election season.