# 2022 Nepalese general election

General elections were held in Nepal on 20 November 2022 to elect the 275 members of the House of Representatives. There were two ballots in the election; one to elect 165 members from single-member constituencies via FPTP, and the other to elect the remaining 110 members from a single nation-wide constituency via party-list proportional representation.
The election was held alongside provincial elections for the seven provincial assemblies.
After power sharing talks between the outgoing Democratic Left Alliance broke down on 25 December 2022, CPN (Maoist Centre) chairman Pushpa Kamal Dahal became prime minister, its eight-member cabinet consisting of MPs from his party, CPN (UML), Rastriya Swatantra Party and Janamat Party, with the confidence and supply of RPP, JSP, NUP and three independents.

## Background

The fifth House of Representatives elected in 2017 had a five-year term ending in March 2023. In May 2018, the CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) and CPN (Maoist Centre) parties merged to form the Nepal Communist Party. The merger between the two coalition partners took their total strength in the House of Representatives to 174. The leaders of the two parties had an agreement to share the post of Prime Minister with the CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) chairman KP Sharma Oli handing over the post to Maoist Centre chairman Pushpa Kamal Dahal after two and a half years. On 20 November 2019, the two leaders agreed to let Oli complete his full term as prime minister. In a secretariat meeting of the Nepal Communist Party on 14 November 2020, Dahal presented a political document which accused Oli not following party orders and being individualistic. In response to Dahal, Oli rejected Dahal's accusations and presented his own political document which accused Dahal of not letting Oli run the government. As the strife within the party continued, Oli requested President Bidhya Devi Bhandari to dissolve the House of Representatives on 20 December 2020 as a no-confidence motion was being prepared against him. In protest of the decision by Oli, seven ministers of the cabinet resigned.
The House was reinstated on 23 February 2021 but on 7 March 2021, deciding on a separate writ, the Supreme Court annulled the decision of the Election Commission to grant the name Nepal Communist Party to the party created by merger of the CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) and CPN (Maoist Centre), and positioned them to their pre merger status. The CPN (Maoist Centre) withdrew its support from the government on 5 May 2021 and Oli failed to obtain a vote of confidence while a faction of his own party boycotted the vote.
On 13 May 2021, Oli was appointed minority prime minister as the leader of the party in parliament with the highest seats. Rather than retake a vote of confidence, Oli started the process of formation of government through provision of Article 76(5), which was challenged in the Supreme Court. Sher Bahadur Deuba claimed signed support of 149 MPs, including 26 from the CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) and 13 from the People's Socialist Party, Nepal. Oli claimed support of all MPs of the CPN (UML) and the People's Socialist Party, Nepal. President Bhandari decided on 22 May 2021 that both claims were inadequate and announced the dissolution of House, leading to widespread opposition. On 12 July 2021, the Supreme Court ruled the dissolution of parliament invalid, while ordering the appointment of Deuba as prime minister, as per article 76(5), by submitting 149 signatures to the President, which is a majority of 271 members present in the House.
A cabinet decision on 4 August 2022 decided on holding the next general election on 20 November 2022. The house was finally dissolved on 18 September 2022 after the completion of its five-year term.

## Timetable

The key dates are listed below:
| 4 August | Last date to register to be on electoral roll |
| 4 August | Cabinet announces election date |
| 16 August | Last day for party registration at Election Commission |
| 17 September | Tenure of Legislature parliament ended |
| 19 September | Parties submit preliminary closed list for proportional representation |
| 28 September | Election code of conduct starts |
| 9 October | Candidate nomination for first past the post |
| 26 October | Closed list for proportional representation finalized and published |
| 20 November | Election day |
| 14 December | Final results announced |
| 15 December | Final results presented to President |

## Electoral system

The 275 members of the legislature are elected by two methods; 165 are elected from single-member constituencies by first-past-the-post voting and 110 seats are elected by closed list proportional representation from a single nationwide constituency. Voters receive separate ballot papers for the two methods. A party or electoral alliance has to pass the election threshold of 3% of the overall valid vote to be allocated a seat in the proportional vote. Nepal uses the Sainte-Laguë method to allocate proportional seats.
Voting is limited to Nepali citizens aged 18 or over of sound mind and not having been declared ineligible under federal election fraud and punishment laws.

### Eligibility to vote

To vote in the general election, one must be:
* on the electoral roll
* aged 18 or over on 19 December 2022
* a citizen of Nepal
* of sound mind
* not ineligible as per federal election fraud and punishment laws

## Pre-election arrangement

| Party | Party | Ideology | 2017 result | 2017 result | 2017 result | Seats at dissolution |
| Party | Party | Ideology | Votes (%) | Votes (%) | Seats | Seats at dissolution |
| | CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) | Marxism–Leninism People's Multiparty Democracy | 30.68 | 30.68 | 121 / 275 | 94 / 275 |
| | Nepali Congress | Social democracy Third Way | 35.75 | 35.75 | 63 / 275 | 63 / 275 |
| | CPN (Maoist Centre) | Marxism–Leninism–Maoism–Prachanda Path | 13.66 | 13.66 | 53 / 275 | 49 / 275 |
| | CPN (Unified Socialist) | Marxism–Leninism People's Multiparty Democracy | New party | New party | New party | 25 / 275 |
| | People's Socialist Party, Nepal | Democratic socialism | RJPN | 4.95 | 17 / 275 | 16 / 275 |
| | People's Socialist Party, Nepal | Democratic socialism | FSFN | 4.93 | 16 / 275 | 16 / 275 |
| | People's Socialist Party, Nepal | Democratic socialism | Naya Shakti | 0.86 | 1 / 275 | 16 / 275 |
| | Loktantrik Samajwadi Party, Nepal | Social democracy | New party | New party | New party | 13 / 275 |
| | Nepal Socialist Party | Democratic socialism | New party | New party | New party | 5 / 275 |
| | Rastriya Prajatantra Party | Constitutional monarchism Economic liberalism Hindu nationalism | RPP | 2.06 | 1 / 275 | 1 / 275 |
| | Rastriya Prajatantra Party | Constitutional monarchism Economic liberalism Hindu nationalism | RPP(D) | 0.93 | 0 / 275 | 1 / 275 |
| | Rastriya Prajatantra Party | Constitutional monarchism Economic liberalism Hindu nationalism | URPP(N) | 0.30 | 0 / 275 | 1 / 275 |
| | People's Progressive Party | Social democracy Agrarianism | New party | New party | New party | 1 / 275 |
| | Rastriya Janamorcha | Anti-federalism Communism Marxism–Leninism | 0.65 | 0.65 | 1 / 275 | 1 / 275 |
| | Nepal Workers' and Peasants' Party | Marxism–Leninism | 0.59 | 0.59 | 1 / 275 | 1 / 275 |
| | Independent | — | — | — | 1 / 275 | 1 / 275 |
* 1 2 3 4 Represented as an independent politician in 2017 for not meeting the threshold.
* ↑ Joined the CPN (Maoist Centre) but stayed as an independent politician.

## Electoral alliances and parties
### Democratic Left Alliance

The coalition government of Nepali Congress, CPN (Maoist Centre), CPN (Unified Socialist), People's Socialist Party and Rastriya Janamorcha decided to form an alliance to contest the parliamentary elections on 5 August 2022. Later on August 15, Nepal Socialist Party led by former prime Minister Baburam Bhattarai decided to contest the election under the election symbol and manifesto of CPN (Maoist Centre). On October 9, on the deadline of the candidate nominations, People's Socialist Party broke away from the alliance and the alliance decided to support Loktantrik Samajwadi Party in 7 seats. The alliance also supported Ghanashyam Bhusal in Rupandehi 1 and Prabhu Sah in Rautahat 3 who ran as dissident candidates from CPN (UML) from seats allotted to CPN (Maoist Centre). After the candidacy of Raju Gurung of Unified Socialist was scrapped by the Election Commission, the alliance decided to support Rastriya Janamukti Party candidate Keshav Bahadur Thapa in Rupandehi 2. Rastriya Janamorcha however decided to support the candidate from Nepal Majdoor Kisan Party.
| Party | Party | Symbol | Leader | Leader's Seat | Seats contested | Male candidates | Female candidates |
| 1. | Nepali Congress | | Sher Bahadur Deuba | Dadeldhura 1 | 91 | 86 | 5 |
| 2. | Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre) | | Pushpa Kamal Dahal | Gorkha 2 | 46 | 38 | 8 |
| 3. | Nepal Socialist Party | | Baburam Bhattarai | None | 46 | 38 | 8 |
| 4. | Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Socialist) | | Madhav Kumar Nepal | Rautahat 1 | 20 | 19 | 1 |
| 5. | Loktantrik Samajwadi Party, Nepal | | Mahantha Thakur | Mahottari 3 | 51 | 48 | 3 |
| 6. | Rastriya Janamorcha | | Chitra Bahadur K.C. | Baglung 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Total | Total | Total | Total | Total | 165 | 152 | 13 |

### CPN (UML) + People's Socialist Party

CPN (UML) decided to support People's Socialist Party in 7 seats on 9 October 2022. The CPN (UML) also decided to support Rastriya Prajtantra Party candidates in Jhapa 5, Rupandehi 1 and Banke 2 and decided to field Rastriya Prajtantra Party Nepal chairman Kamal Thapa in Makwanpur 1 under their election symbol. The party also supported dissident candidate from Nepali Congress, Dinesh Koirala in Chitwan 3, Karna Bahadur Malla of Nepali Congress (B.P.) in Dadeldhura 1 and Hridayesh Tripathi of the People's Progressive Party in Parasi 1.
| Party | Party | Symbol | Leader | Leader's Seat | Seats contested | Male candidates | Female candidates |
| 1. | Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) | | KP Sharma Oli | Jhapa 5 | 141 | 130 | 11 |
| 2. | Nepal Pariwar Dal | | Ek Nath Dhakal | Party list | 141 | 130 | 11 |
| 4. | People's Socialist Party, Nepal | | Upendra Yadav | Saptari 2 | 79 | 72 | 7 |
| Total | Total | Total | Total | | 158 | 147 | 11 |

### Others

| Party | Leader | Leader's Seat | Seats contested | Male candidates | Female candidates |
| Rastriya Prajatantra Party | Rajendra Prasad Lingden | Jhapa 3 | 140 | 132 | 8 |
| Rastriya Prajatantra Party Nepal | Kamal Thapa | Makawanpur 1 | 58 | 52 | 6 |
| Rastriya Swatantra Party | Rabi Lamichhane | Chitwan 2 | 131 | 119 | 12 |
| Nepal Workers' and Peasants' Party | Narayan Man Bijukchhe | None | 109 | 97 | 12 |
| Janamat Party | C. K. Raut | Saptari 2 | 54 | 52 | 2 |
| Nagarik Unmukti Party | Ranjeeta Shrestha | Kailali 1 | 30 | 27 | 3 |
| People's Progressive Party | Hridayesh Tripathi | Parasi 1 | 15 | 14 | 1 |
| Bibeksheel Sajha Party | Samikchya Baskota | None | 7 | 7 | 0 |
| Nepal Sushasan Party | Ramesh Prasad Kharel | Kathmandu 1 | 9 | 8 | 1 |
| Nepal Naulo Janbadi Party | Ganga Lal Shrestha | Kavrepalanchok 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Nepal Aama Party | Rom Lal Giri | Party list | 9 | 6 | 3 |
| Sachet Nepali Party | Punya Prasad Prasain | Kathmandu 2 | 7 | 7 | 0 |
| Terai Madhesh Loktantrik Party | Brikhesh Chandra Lal | Mahottari 3 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| Hamro Nepali Party | Anant Raj Ghimire | Party list | 62 | 58 | 4 |

### 2017–2022 MPs contesting under a different political affiliation

| Outgoing MP | 2017 party | 2017 constituency | 2022 party | 2022 constituency |
| Gauri Shankar Chaudhary | CPN (Maoist Centre) | Kailali 3 | CPN (UML) | Kailali 3 |
| Top Bahadur Rayamajhi | CPN (Maoist Centre) | Arghakhanchi 1 | CPN (UML) | Arghakhanchi 1 |
| Lekh Raj Bhatta | CPN (Maoist Centre) | Kailali 4 | CPN (UML) | Kailali 4 |
| Uma Shankar Agrariya | Federal Socialist Forum | Dhanusha 2 | CPN (UML) | Dhanusha 2 |
| Ruhi Naaz | Federal Socialist Forum | Party list | CPN (UML) | Party list |
| Iqbal Miya | Rastriya Janata Party Nepal | Bara 4 | CPN (UML) | Bara 4 |
| Amrita Agrahari | Rastriya Janata Party Nepal | Party list | CPN (UML) | Party list |
| Chanda Chaudhary | Rastriya Janata Party Nepal | Party list | Nepali Congress | Party list |
| Renuka Gurung | Federal Socialist Forum | Party list | Rastriya Prajatantra Party | Party list |
| Parbata DC Chaudhary | Nepali Congress | Party list | Nagrik Unmukti Party | Party list |
| Hridayesh Tripathi | CPN (UML) | Parasi 1 | People's Progressive Party | Parasi 1 |
| Ganga Satgauwa | CPN (UML) | Party list | Hamro Nepali Party | Dang 1 |
| Rambir Manandhar | CPN (UML) | Kathmandu 7 | Independent | Kathmandu 7 |
| Ghanashyam Bhusal | CPN (UML) | Rupandehi 3 | Independent | Rupandehi 1 |
| Amresh Kumar Singh | Nepali Congress | Sarlahi 4 | Independent | Sarlahi 4 |
| Prabhu Sah | CPN (Maoist Centre) | Rautahat 3 | Independent | Rautahat 3 |
| Sarita Giri | Federal Socialist Forum | Party list | Independent | Siraha 1 |

### 2017–2022 MPs not standing for re-election
#### CPN (UML)

* Bhim Bahadur Rawal
* Khagaraj Adhikari
* Kedar Sigdel
* Pabitra Niraula Kharel
* Jaya Kumar Rai
* Parbat Gurung
* Ganesh Kumar Pahadi
* Krishna Prasad Dahal
* Jagat Bahadur Bishwakarma
* Bhupendra Bahadur Thapa
* Dal Bahadur Rana
* Nanda Lal Rokka Chhetri
* Raj Bahadur Budhathoki
* Nawaraj Rawat
* Lal Bahadur Thapa
* Bhairav Bahadur Singh
* Tham Maya Thapa
* Kumari Tulsi Thapa
* Mohan Baniya
* Radha Kumari Gyawali
* Binda Pandey
* Goma Devkota
* Man Kumari GC
* Mayadevi Neupane
* Bishnu Sharma
* Sarita Neupane
* Maina Kumari Bhandari
* Tirtha Gautam
* Shiva Maya Tumbahangphe
* Sujata Shakya
* Bina Kumari Shrestha
* Nabina Lama
* Shanti Maya Tamang
* Kumari Meche
* Bimala Bishwakarma
* Bimala BK
* Sanu Shiva
* Aasha Kumari BK
* Motilal Dugad
* Sarita Kumari Giri
* Rekha Kumari

#### Nepali Congress

* Karma Ghale
* Lalkaji Gurung
* Jeep Tshering Lama
* Pramila Rai
* Mahendra Kumari Limbu
* Hira Gurung
* Mina Subba
* Divyamani Rajbhandari
* Satya Narayan Sharma
* Mohan Panday
* Ram Bahadur Bista
* Dila Sangraula
* Meena Pandey
* Uma Regmi
* Rangmati Shahi
* Gyan Kumari Chhantyal
* Namita Kumari Chaudhary
* Smriti Narayan Chaudhary
* Man Bahadur Bishwakarma
* Min Bahadur Bishwakarma
* Prakash Rasaili
* Sujata Pariyar
* Laxmi Pariyar
* Bimala Nepali
* Atahar Kamal Musalman
* Sarbat Aara Khanam
* Minendra Rijal
* Mohammad Aftab Alam

#### CPN (Maoist Centre)

* Surendra Karki
* Ganga Bahadur Tamang
* Hem Kumar Rai
* Suresh Kumar Rai
* Shyam Kumar Shrestha
* Haribol Gajurel
* Agni Prasad Sapkota
* Hari Raj Adhikari
* Kamala Rokka
* Krishna Bahadur Mahara
* Tek Bahadur Basnet
* Gajendra Bahadur Mahat
* Suresh Chandra Das
* Santa Kumar Tharu
* Jayapuri Gharti
* Sashi Shrestha
* Yashoda Gurung Subedi
* Chudamani Khadka
* Purna Kumari Subedi
* Dharmasheela Chapagain
* Satya Pahadi
* Indu Kumari Sharma
* Ram Kumari Chaudhary
* Durga Kumari Bishwakarma
* Bodhmaya Kumari Yadav
* Dil Kumari Sah
* Chanda Tara Kumari
* Amrita Thapa
* Durga Bahadur Rawat

#### CPN (Unified Socialist)

* Kalilka Khatun
* Gopal Bahadur Bam
* Bhawani Prasad Khapung
* Hira Chandra KC
* Mukunda Neupane
* Kalyani Kumari Khadka
* Nira Devi Jairu
* Sarala Yadav
* Pushpa Kumari Karna Kayastha
* Samina Hussein
* Parbani Kumari Bishunkhe
* Laxmi Chaudhary
* Bina Budhathoki
source:

## Surveys and opinion polls

| Dates conducted | Pollster | Party | Party | Party list | Party list | Constituency | Total |
| 16–30 Oct | Annapurna Media Network | | Nepali Congress | 36 | 30% | 59–63 | 101–105 |
| 16–30 Oct | Annapurna Media Network | | CPN (UML) | 40 | 34% | 47–52 | 90–100 |
| 16–30 Oct | Annapurna Media Network | | Maoist Centre | 14 | 11% | 17–21 | 30–40 |
| 16–30 Oct | Annapurna Media Network | | RSP | 10 | 9% | 1–5 | 10–15 |
| 16–30 Oct | Annapurna Media Network | | Unified Socialist | 0 | <3% | 9–13 | 9–12 |
| 16–30 Oct | Annapurna Media Network | | PSP-N | 5 | 4% | 4–8 | 8–12 |
| 16–30 Oct | Annapurna Media Network | | RPP | 5 | 4% | 2–6 | 6–10 |
| 16–30 Oct | Annapurna Media Network | | LSP-N | 0 | <3% | 1–4 | 2–4 |
| 16–30 Oct | Annapurna Media Network | | Janamorcha | 0 | <3% | 1–2 | 1–2 |
| 16–30 Oct | Annapurna Media Network | | Majdoor Kisan | 0 | <3% | 1–3 | 1 |
| 16–30 Oct | Annapurna Media Network | | Nagrik Unmukti | 0 | <3% | 1–3 | 1 |
| 16–30 Oct | Annapurna Media Network | | Independents | 0 | <3% | 5–9 | 6–10 |
| Sample size | 19,858 | Total | Total | 110 | 110 | 165 | 275 |

### Exit polls

| Dates conducted | Pollster | Party | Party | Constituency |
| 19 Nov | ABC News | | Nepali Congress | 61–70 |
| 19 Nov | ABC News | | CPN (UML) | 34–41 |
| 19 Nov | ABC News | | Maoist Centre | 24–31 |
| 19 Nov | ABC News | | Unified Socialist | 7–10 |
| 19 Nov | ABC News | | PSP-N | 5–7 |
| 19 Nov | ABC News | | RPP | 3–5 |
| 19 Nov | ABC News | | LSP-N | 3–4 |
| 19 Nov | ABC News | | Janamorcha | 2 |
| 19 Nov | ABC News | | Others | 10–15 |
| 19 Nov | ABC News | Tossup | Tossup | 16 |
| Total | Total | Total | Total | 165 |

## Results

| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats | Total seats | +/– |
| | Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) | 2,845,641 | 26.95 | 34 | 3,233,567 | 30.83 | 44 | 78 | –43 |
| | Nepali Congress | 2,715,225 | 25.71 | 32 | 2,431,907 | 23.19 | 57 | 89 | +26 |
| | Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)—Nepal Socialist Party | 1,175,684 | 11.13 | 14 | 982,826 | 9.37 | 18 | 32 | –21 |
| | Rastriya Swatantra Party | 1,130,344 | 10.70 | 13 | 815,023 | 7.77 | 7 | 20 | New |
| | Rastriya Prajatantra Party | 588,849 | 5.58 | 7 | 549,340 | 5.24 | 7 | 14 | +13 |
| | People's Socialist Party, Nepal | 421,314 | 3.99 | 5 | 379,337 | 3.62 | 7 | 12 | –22 |
| | Janamat Party | 394,655 | 3.74 | 5 | 292,554 | 2.79 | 1 | 6 | New |
| | Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Socialist) | 298,391 | 2.83 | 0 | 436,020 | 4.16 | 10 | 10 | New |
| | Nagrik Unmukti Party | 271,722 | 2.57 | 0 | 172,205 | 1.64 | 3 | 3 | New |
| | Loktantrik Samajwadi Party, Nepal | 167,367 | 1.58 | 0 | 169,692 | 1.62 | 4 | 4 | New |
| | Nepal Workers Peasants Party | 75,168 | 0.71 | 0 | 71,567 | 0.68 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| | Hamro Nepali Party | 55,743 | 0.53 | 0 | 57,077 | 0.54 | 0 | 0 | New |
| | Mongol National Organisation | 49,000 | 0.46 | 0 | 42,892 | 0.41 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| | Rastriya Janamorcha | 46,504 | 0.44 | 0 | 57,278 | 0.55 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| | Nepal Federal Socialist Party | 41,830 | 0.40 | 0 | 7,172 | 0.07 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| | Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist) | 30,599 | 0.29 | 0 | 18,716 | 0.18 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| | Rastriya Janamukti Party | 23,934 | 0.23 | 0 | 34,012 | 0.32 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| | People's Progressive Party | 18,059 | 0.17 | 0 | 37,511 | 0.36 | 0 | 0 | New |
| | Nepal Naulo Janwadi Party―Nepal Aama Party―Nepal Sushashan Party―Sachet Nepali Party | 17,902 | 0.17 | 0 | 18,495 | 0.18 | 0 | 0 | New |
| | Sanghiya Loktantrik Rastriya Manch | 17,805 | 0.17 | 0 | 11,488 | 0.11 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| | Bahujan Ekata Party Nepal | 17,080 | 0.16 | 0 | 7,274 | 0.07 | 0 | 0 | New |
| | Nepali Congress (B.P.) | 12,502 | 0.12 | 0 | 13,123 | 0.13 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| | Rastriya Prajatantra Party Nepal | 12,340 | 0.12 | 0 | 10,087 | 0.10 | 0 | 0 | New |
| | Nepali Janata Dal | 10,137 | 0.10 | 0 | 1,654 | 0.02 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| | Bahujan Shakti Party | 9,435 | 0.09 | 0 | 6,710 | 0.06 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| | Nepalka Lagi Nepali Party | 8,436 | 0.08 | 0 | 3,893 | 0.04 | 0 | 0 | New |
| | Nepal Communist Party | 8,013 | 0.08 | 0 | 313 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | New |
| | Nepal Loktantrik Party | 7,705 | 0.07 | 0 | 3,842 | 0.04 | 0 | 0 | New |
| | Nepal Janata Party | 7,518 | 0.07 | 0 | 2,269 | 0.02 | 0 | 0 | New |
| | Communist Party of Nepal Marxist (Pushpa Lal) | 7,402 | 0.07 | 0 | 1,760 | 0.02 | 0 | 0 | New |
| | Miteri Party Nepal | 7,043 | 0.07 | 0 | 22 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | New |
| | Janajagaran Party Nepal | 6,550 | 0.06 | 0 | 324 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | New |
| | Aamul Pariwartan Masiha Party Nepal | 6,429 | 0.06 | 0 | 1,366 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| | Terai Madhesh Loktantrik Party | 5,977 | 0.06 | 0 | 12,203 | 0.12 | 0 | 0 | New |
| | Janasamajbadi Party | 5,925 | 0.06 | 0 | 3,030 | 0.03 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| | Nepal Dalit Party―Samajik Ekata Party―Communist Party of Nepal (Socialist) | 5,839 | 0.06 | 0 | 478 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | New |
| | Pichhadibarga Nishad Dalit Janajati Party | 5,105 | 0.05 | 0 | 379 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | New |
| | Bibeksheel Sajha Party | 4,049 | 0.04 | 0 | 2,446 | 0.02 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| | Ekikrit Shakti Nepal | 3,792 | 0.04 | 0 | 3,026 | 0.03 | 0 | 0 | New |
| | Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Socialist) | 3,702 | 0.04 | 0 | 766 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | New |
| | Sanghiya Loktantrik Rastriya Manch (Tharuhat) | 3,406 | 0.03 | 0 | 293 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| | Rastriya Mukti Andolan Nepal | 3,354 | 0.03 | 0 | | | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| | Maulik Jarokilo Party | 3,256 | 0.03 | 0 | 2,416 | 0.02 | 0 | 0 | New |
| | Nepal Samabeshi Party | 2,963 | 0.03 | 0 | | | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| | Communist Party of Nepal (Paribartan) | 2,220 | 0.02 | 0 | 364 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | New |
| | Rastriya Nagarik Party | 2,150 | 0.02 | 0 | 149 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| | Nationalist People's Party | 2,018 | 0.02 | 0 | 1,768 | 0.02 | 0 | 0 | New |
| | Sajha Party Nepal | | | | 2,327 | 0.02 | 0 | 0 | New |
| | Nepal Sadbhawana Party | | | | 660 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | New |
| | Nepal Bibeksheel Party | | | | 379 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | New |
| | Aitihasik Prajatantrik Janata Party Nepal | | | | 359 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | New |
| | Kirat Khambhuwan Sajha Party | | | | 278 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | New |
| | Khambuwan Rastriya Morcha Nepal | | | | 162 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | New |
| | Punarjagarn Party Nepal | | | | 141 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | New |
| | Nepalbad | | | | 131 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| | Tamangsaling Loktantrik Party | | | | 85 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| | Gandhibadi Party Nepal | | | | 60 | 0.00 | 0 | – | New |
| | Rastriya Samajwadi Party Nepal | | | | 60 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| | Samajik Loktantrik Party | | | | 56 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | New |
| | Independents | | | | 584,629 | 5.57 | 5 | 5 | +4 |
| Total | Total | 10,560,082 | 100.00 | 110 | 10,487,961 | 100.00 | 165 | 275 | 0 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 10,560,082 | 94.91 | | 10,487,961 | 94.94 | | | |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 566,144 | 5.09 | | 559,076 | 5.06 | | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | 11,126,226 | 100.00 | | 11,047,037 | 100.00 | | | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 17,988,570 | 61.85 | | 17,988,570 | 61.41 | | | |
| Source: Election Commission Nepal ; ||||||||||

### Results by constituency

| Constituency | Elected MP | Party |
| Achham 1 | Sher Bahadur Kunwor | CPN (Unified Socialist) |
| Achham 2 | Pushpa Bahadur Shah | Nepali Congress |
| Arghakhanchi 1 | Top Bahadur Rayamajhi | CPN (UML) |
| Baglung 1 | Chitra Bahadur K.C. | Rastriya Janamorcha |
| Baglung 2 | Devendra Paudel | CPN (Maoist Centre) |
| Baitadi 1 | Damodar Bhandari | CPN (UML) |
| Bajhang 1 | Bhanu Bhakta Joshi | CPN (Unified Socialist) |
| Bajura 1 | Badri Prasad Pandey | Nepali Congress |
| Banke 1 | Surya Prasad Dhakal | CPN (UML) |
| Banke 2 | Dhawal Shamsher Rana | Rastriya Prajatantra Party |
| Banke 3 | Kishore Singh Rathore | Nepali Congress |
| Bara 1 | Achyut Prasad Mainali | CPN (UML) |
| Bara 2 | Ram Sahaya Yadav | People's Socialist Party |
| Bara 3 | Jwala Kumari Sah | CPN (UML) |
| Bara 4 | Krishna Kumar Shrestha | CPN (Unified Socialist) |
| Bardiya 1 | Sanjay Kumar Gautam | Nepali Congress |
| Bardiya 2 | Lalbir Chaudhary | Independent |
| Bhaktapur 1 | Prem Suwal | Nepal Majdoor Kisan Party |
| Bhaktapur 2 | Durlabh Thapa Chhetri | Nepali Congress |
| Bhojpur 1 | Sudan Kirati | CPN (Maoist Centre) |
| Chitwan 1 | Hari Dhakal | Rastriya Swatantra Party |
| Chitwan 2 | Rabi Lamichhane | Rastriya Swatantra Party |
| Chitwan 3 | Bikram Pandey | Rastriya Prajatantra Party |
| Dadeldhura 1 | Sher Bahadur Deuba | Nepali Congress |
| Dailekh 1 | Amar Bahadur Thapa | CPN (Unified Socialist) |
| Dailekh 2 | Dikpal Kumar Shahi | Nepali Congress |
| Dang 1 | Metmani Chaudhary | CPN (Unified Socialist) |
| Dang 2 | Rekha Sharma | CPN (Maoist Centre) |
| Dang 3 | Deepak Giri | Nepali Congress |
| Darchula 1 | Dilendra Prasad Badu | Nepali Congress |
| Dhading 1 | Rajendra Prasad Pandey | CPN (Unified Socialist) |
| Dhading 2 | Ram Nath Adhikari | Nepali Congress |
| Dhankuta 1 | Rajendra Kumar Rai | CPN (UML) |
| Dhanusha 1 | Dipak Karki | People's Socialist Party |
| Dhanusha 2 | Ram Krishna Yadav | Nepali Congress |
| Dhanusha 3 | Julie Kumari Mahato | CPN (UML) |
| Dhanusha 4 | Raghubir Mahaseth | CPN (UML) |
| Dolakha 1 | Ganga Karki | CPN (Maoist Centre) |
| Dolpa 1 | Dhan Bahadur Buda | CPN (Unified Socialist) |
| Doti 1 | Prem Bahadur Ale | CPN (Unified Socialist) |
| Gorkha 1 | Rajendra Bajgain | Nepali Congress |
| Gorkha 2 | Pushpa Kamal Dahal | CPN (Maoist Centre) |
| Gulmi 1 | Chandra Kant Bhandari | Nepali Congress |
| Gulmi 2 | Gokarna Raj Bista | CPN (UML) |
| Humla 1 | Tshering Damdul Lama | CPN (Maoist Centre) |
| Ilam 1 | Mahesh Basnet | CPN (UML) |
| Ilam 2 | Subas Chandra Nemwang | CPN (UML) |
| Jajarkot 1 | Shakti Bahadur Basnet | CPN (Maoist Centre) |
| Jhapa 1 | Bishwa Prakash Sharma | Nepali Congress |
| Jhapa 2 | Dev Raj Ghimire | CPN (UML) |
| Jhapa 3 | Rajendra Lingden | Rastriya Prajatantra Party |
| Jhapa 4 | Lal Prasad Sawa Limbu | CPN (UML) |
| Jhapa 5 | KP Sharma Oli | CPN (UML) |
| Jumla 1 | Gyan Bahadur Shahi | Rastriya Prajatantra Party |
| Kailali 1 | Ranjeeta Shrestha | Nagrik Unmukti Party |
| Kailali 2 | Arun Kumar Chaudhary | Nagrik Unmukti Party |
| Kailali 3 | Ganga Ram Chaudhary | Nagrik Unmukti Party |
| Kailali 4 | Bir Bahadur Balayar | Nepali Congress |
| Kailali 5 | Dilli Raj Pant | Nepali Congress |
| Kalikot 1 | Mahendra Bahadur Shahi | CPN (Maoist Centre) |
| Kanchanpur 1 | Tara Lama Tamang | CPN (UML) |
| Kanchanpur 2 | Narayan Prakash Saud | Nepali Congress |
| Kanchanpur 3 | Ramesh Lekhak | Nepali Congress |
| Kapilvastu 1 | Balaram Adhikari | CPN (UML) |
| Kapilvastu 2 | Surendra Raj Acharya | Nepali Congress |
| Kapilvastu 3 | Mangal Prasad Gupta | CPN (UML) |
| Kaski 1 | Man Bahadur Gurung | CPN (UML) |
| Kaski 2 | Bidya Bhattarai | CPN (UML) |
| Kaski 3 | Damodar Poudel Bairagi | CPN (UML) |
| Kathmandu 1 | Prakash Man Singh | Nepali Congress |
| Kathmandu 2 | Sobita Gautam | Rastriya Swatantra Party |
| Kathmandu 3 | Santosh Chalise | Nepali Congress |
| Kathmandu 4 | Gagan Thapa | Nepali Congress |
| Kathmandu 5 | Pradip Paudel | Nepali Congress |
| Kathmandu 6 | Shishir Khanal | Rastriya Swatantra Party |
| Kathmandu 7 | Ganesh Parajuli | Rastriya Swatantra Party |
| Kathmandu 8 | Biraj Bhakta Shrestha | Rastriya Swatantra Party |
| Kathmandu 9 | Krishna Gopal Shrestha | CPN (UML) |
| Kathmandu 10 | Rajendra Kumar K.C. | Nepali Congress |
| Kavrepalanchok 1 | Surya Man Dong | CPN (Maoist Centre) |
| Kavrepalanchok 2 | Gokul Prasad Baskota | CPN (UML) |
| Khotang 1 | Ram Kumar Rai | CPN (Maoist Centre) |
| Lalitpur 1 | Udaya Shamsher Rana | Nepali Congress |
| Lalitpur 2 | Prem Bahadur Maharjan | CPN (UML) |
| Lalitpur 3 | Toshima Karki | Rastriya Swatantra Party |
| Lamjung 1 | Prithivi Subba Gurung | CPN (UML) |
| Mahottari 1 | Laxmi Mahato Koiri | CPN (UML) |
| Mahottari 2 | Sharat Singh Bhandari | Loktantrik Samajwadi Party |
| Mahottari 3 | Mahantha Thakur | Loktantrik Samajwadi Party |
| Mahottari 4 | Mahendra Kumar Ray | Nepali Congress |
| Makwanpur 1 | Deepak Bahadur Singh | Rastriya Prajatantra Party |
| Makwanpur 2 | Mahesh Kumar Bartaula | CPN (UML) |
| Manang 1 | Tek Bahadur Gurung | Nepali Congress |
| Morang 1 | Dig Bahadur Limbu | Nepali Congress |
| Morang 2 | Rishikesh Pokharel | CPN (UML) |
| Morang 3 | Sunil Kumar Sharma | Nepali Congress |
| Morang 4 | Aman Lal Modi | CPN (Maoist Centre) |
| Morang 5 | Yogendra Mandal | Independent |
| Morang 6 | Shekhar Koirala | Nepali Congress |
| Mugu 1 | Aain Bahadur Shahi Thakuri | Nepali Congress |
| Mustang 1 | Yogesh Gauchan Thakali | Nepali Congress |
| Myagdi 1 | Kham Bahadur Garbuja | Nepali Congress |
| Nawalpur 1 | Shashanka Koirala | Nepali Congress |
| Nawalpur 2 | Bishnu Kumar Karki | Nepali Congress |
| Nuwakot 1 | Hit Bahadur Tamang | CPN (Maoist Centre) |
| Nuwakot 2 | Arjun Narsingh K.C. | Nepali Congress |
| Okhaldhunga 1 | Ram Hari Khatiwada | Nepali Congress |
| Palpa 1 | Narayan Prasad Acharya | CPN (UML) |
| Palpa 2 | Thakur Prasad Gaire | CPN (UML) |
| Panchthar 1 | Basanta Kumar Nemwang | CPN (UML) |
| Parasi 1 | Binod Chaudhary | Nepali Congress |
| Parasi 2 | Dhruba Bahadur Pradhan | Rastriya Prajatantra Party |
| Parbat 1 | Padam Giri | CPN (UML) |
| Parsa 1 | Pradeep Yadav | People's Socialist Party |
| Parsa 2 | Ajay Kumar Chaurasiya | Nepali Congress |
| Parsa 3 | Raj Kumar Gupta | CPN (UML) |
| Parsa 4 | Ramesh Rijal | Nepali Congress |
| Pyuthan 1 | Surya Bahadur Thapa Chhetri | CPN (UML) |
| Ramechhap 1 | Purna Bahadur Tamang | Nepali Congress |
| Rasuwa 1 | Mohan Acharya | Nepali Congress |
| Rautahat 1 | Madhav Kumar Nepal | CPN (Unified Socialist) |
| Rautahat 2 | Kiran Kumar Sah | Independent |
| Rautahat 3 | Prabhu Sah | Independent |
| Rautahat 4 | Dev Prasad Timilsena | Nepali Congress |
| Rolpa 1 | Barsaman Pun | CPN (Maoist Centre) |
| Rukum East 1 | Purna Bahadur Gharti Magar | CPN (Maoist Centre) |
| Rukum West 1 | Janardan Sharma | CPN (Maoist Centre) |
| Rupandehi 1 | Chhabilal Bishwakarma | CPN (UML) |
| Rupandehi 2 | Bishnu Prasad Paudel | CPN (UML) |
| Rupandehi 3 | Deepak Bohara | Rastriya Prajatantra Party |
| Rupandehi 4 | Sarbendra Nath Shukla | Loktantrik Samajwadi Party |
| Rupandehi 5 | Basudev Ghimire | CPN (UML) |
| Salyan 1 | Prakash Jwala | CPN (Unified Socialist) |
| Sankhuwasabha 1 | Deepak Khadka | Nepali Congress |
| Saptari 1 | Nawal Kishore Sah Sudi | People's Socialist Party |
| Saptari 2 | CK Raut | Janamat Party |
| Saptari 3 | Dinesh Kumar Yadav | Nepali Congress |
| Saptari 4 | Teju Lal Chaudhary | Nepali Congress |
| Sarlahi 1 | Ram Prakash Chaudhary | Loktantrik Samajwadi Party |
| Sarlahi 2 | Mahindra Rai Yadav | CPN (Maoist Centre) |
| Sarlahi 3 | Hari Prasad Upreti | CPN (UML) |
| Sarlahi 4 | Amresh Kumar Singh | Independent |
| Sindhuli 1 | Shyam Kumar Ghimire | Nepali Congress |
| Sindhuli 2 | Lekh Nath Dahal | CPN (Maoist Centre) |
| Sindhupalchok 1 | Madhav Sapkota | CPN (Maoist Centre) |
| Sindhupalchok 2 | Mohan Bahadur Basnet | Nepali Congress |
| Siraha 1 | Ram Shankar Yadav | CPN (UML) |
| Siraha 2 | Raj Kishor Yadav | People's Socialist Party |
| Siraha 3 | Lila Nath Shrestha | CPN (UML) |
| Siraha 4 | Birendra Prasad Mahato | People's Socialist Party |
| Solukhumbu 1 | Manbir Rai | CPN (UML) |
| Sunsari 1 | Ashok Rai | People's Socialist Party |
| Sunsari 2 | Bhim Prasad Acharya | CPN (UML) |
| Sunsari 3 | Bhagwati Chaudhary | CPN (UML) |
| Sunsari 4 | Gyanendra Bahadur Karki | Nepali Congress |
| Surkhet 1 | Purna Bahadur Khadka | Nepali Congress |
| Surkhet 2 | Hridaya Ram Thani | Nepali Congress |
| Syangja 1 | Raju Thapa | Nepali Congress |
| Syangja 2 | Dhanraj Gurung | Nepali Congress |
| Tanahun 1 | Ram Chandra Paudel | Nepali Congress |
| Tanahun 2 | Shankar Bhandari | Nepali Congress |
| Taplejung 1 | Yogesh Bhattrai | CPN (UML) |
| Tehrathum 1 | Sita Gurung | Nepali Congress |
| Udayapur 1 | Narayan Khadka | Nepali Congress |
| Udayapur 2 | Ambar Bahadur Rayamajhi | CPN (UML) |

### Results by province
#### Party list

| Province | Party list vote share | Party list vote share | Party list vote share | Party list vote share | Party list vote share | Party list vote share | Party list vote share | Party list vote share | Party list vote share | Party list vote share | Party list vote share |
| Province | UML | NC | MC | RSP | RPP | PSP | JP | US | NUP | LSP | Others |
| Province 1 | 32.90 | 28.45 | 9.67 | 11.01 | 6.68 | 2.73 | 0.96 | 2.37 | 0.58 | 0.31 | 4.34 |
| Madhesh | 17.49 | 20.46 | 8.46 | 3.43 | 3.23 | 14.05 | 13.95 | 5.04 | 1.93 | 5.15 | 6.81 |
| Bagmati | 26.39 | 23.24 | 13.03 | 18.72 | 8.81 | 0.37 | 0.21 | 2.49 | 0.13 | 0.10 | 6.51 |
| Gandaki | 32.00 | 30.80 | 10.68 | 17.44 | 3.82 | 0.27 | 0.19 | 0.94 | 0.16 | 0.03 | 3.67 |
| Lumbini | 26.82 | 24.69 | 9.51 | 11.36 | 5.85 | 2.87 | 3.71 | 1.38 | 5.97 | 2.39 | 5.45 |
| Karnali | 31.20 | 30.82 | 23.08 | 3.44 | 3.28 | 0.24 | 0.07 | 4.35 | 0.04 | 0.10 | 3.38 |
| Sudurpashchim | 29.42 | 30.83 | 12.53 | 4.94 | 4.32 | 0.22 | 0.10 | 3.57 | 10.91 | 0.29 | 2.87 |

#### Constituency

| Province | Total seats | Seats won | Seats won | Seats won | Seats won | Seats won | Seats won | Seats won | Seats won | Seats won | Seats won | Seats won | Seats won | Seats won |
| Province | Total seats | NC | UML | MC | US | RSP | RPP | PSP | LSP | NUP | JP | NWPP | RJM | Ind |
| Province 1 | 28 | 9 | 13 | 3 | | | 1 | 1 | | | | | | 1 |
| Madhesh | 32 | 8 | 9 | | 2 | | | 6 | 3 | | 1 | | | 3 |
| Bagmati | 33 | 13 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 7 | 2 | | | | | 1 | | |
| Gandaki | 18 | 10 | 5 | 2 | | | | | | | | | 1 | |
| Lumbini | 26 | 5 | 11 | 4 | 1 | | 3 | | 1 | | | | | 1 |
| Karnali | 12 | 4 | | 4 | 3 | | 1 | | | | | | | |
| Sudurpashchim | 16 | 8 | 2 | | 3 | | | | | 3 | | | | |
| Total | 165 | 57 | 44 | 18 | 10 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 |

### Notable losses
#### Former prime minister to lose in the election

* Jhala Nath Khanal – Ilam 1 (CPN (Unified Socialist))

#### Outgoing cabinet ministers to lose in the election

* Bal Krishna Khand – Rupandehi 3 (Nepali Congress)
* Pampha Bhusal – Lalitpur 3 (CPN (Maoist Centre))
* Umakant Chaudhary – Bara 1 (Nepali Congress)
* Maheshwar Jung Gahatraj – Banke 1 (CPN (Maoist Centre))
* Jeevan Ram Shrestha – Kathmandu 8 (CPN (Unified Socialist))

#### Outgoing ministers of state to lose in the election

* Umesh Shrestha – Chitwan 2 (Nepali Congress)

##### Former chief ministers to lose in the election

* Sherdhan Rai – Bhojpur 1 (CPN (UML))
* Shankar Pokharel – Dang 2 (CPN (UML))

### Seats that changed hands
## Analysis and aftermath

There were 12 political parties that were represented at the House of Representatives following the election. Only seven parties met the three percent threshold set in proportional voting to become national parties.
Nepali Congress emerged as the largest party after the elections winning 89 seats. The Democratic Left Alliance won 136 seats at the election but failed to get a majority by two seats. The alliance were in talks with Janamat Party and Nagrik Unmukti Party in order to gain a majority in the House of Representatives.
CPN (UML) won 78 seats at the election and was the second largest party in the House of Representatives. The party however got the most votes in the party list proportional system.
President Bidya Devi Bhandari called on the parties to form a government on 19 December 2022, after the final results of the election were presented to her by the Election Commission. Pashupati Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana from the Rastriya Prajatantra Party, as the senior-most member of the new House of Representatives, was sworn in on 21 December 2022 by the president. He administered the oath of office to the newly elected members of the House of Representatives on 22 December 2022.
After power sharing talks between the Democratic Alliance broke down on 25 December 2022, CPN (Maoist Centre) chairman Pushpa Kamal Dahal presented his claim for the post of prime minister with the support of CPN (UML), Rastriya Swatantra Party, Rastriya Prajatantra Party, People's Socialist Party, Janamat Party, Nagrik Unmukti Party and three independents. Dahal was sworn in as prime minister for the third time the next day with an eight-member cabinet consisting of MPs from his party, CPN (UML), Rastriya Swatantra Party and Janamat Party, with the confidence and supply of RPP, PSP, NUP and three independents.
The inaugural session was scheduled for 9 January 2023. Dahal secured a vote of confidence on 10 January 2023 with 268 votes in his favor and only two MPs from Nepal Majdoor Kisan Party and Rastriya Janamorcha voting against him.
The CPN (UML) withdrew from the coalition on 27 February 2023, citing Dahal's decision to back an opposition candidate supported by the Nepali Congress in the upcoming presidential election. Dahal had announced this in order to gain the support of NC in the legislature. A vote of confidence is due within 30 days of the loss of a legislative majority. The Rastriya Prajatantra Party had withdrawn support days prior due to the same issue. The Rastriya Swatantra Party had also previously withdrawn its ministers from the government, although remained supportive under a confidence-and-supply agreement.