OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# John Hastings Cottage

The John Hastings Cottage is an historic house at 31 William Street in Worcester, Massachusetts. Built about 1880, it is a distinctive example of Victorian Gothic architecture. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980, where it is misspelled as "Hastins".

## Description and history

The John Hastings Cottage is located in a densely built residential area west of downtown Worcester, on the north side of Williams Street just east of West Street. It is a 2+1⁄2-story wood-frame structure, with a clapboarded exterior and complex roof line. The roof has a number of gable ends, some of which have pierced aprons and bargeboard trim. Its porch is also elaborately decorated, and the roof sports one of the few surviving 19th century cupolas left in the city. The cupola is octagonal, with windows and paneling in alternating faces. Some of the windows of the main block are framed by gabled wooden lintels and sills with peaked gables at the center. Both the window and main gables have applied Stick style woodwork. The front facade has a projecting bay, in which the eave is adorned by decorative woodwork.
The house was built about 1880 for John Hastings, a provisioner. He owned it into the early 20th century.
# Osage Creek Bridge

The Osage Creek Bridge is a historic bridge in southern Benton County, Arkansas. The bridge formerly carried County Road 71 (Colonel Myers Road) across Osage Creek, about 4.5 miles (7.2 km) north of Tontitown, but it has been closed. It is a single-span iron Pratt through truss structure, with a span of 124 feet (38 m), resting on concrete abutments. It has a lattice guardrail on one side, a feature that rarely survives on bridges of this type. The bridge was built in 1911 by an unknown builder, and is one of about 60 Pratt truss bridges in the state.
The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988, and was delisted in 2022.
According to Bridgehunter.com, it was moved to facilitate a new bridge over Osage Creek in 2014 and scrapped in 2015.
# Saku, Nagano (town)

Saku (佐久町, Saku-machi) was a town located in Minamisaku District, Nagano Prefecture, Japan.

## Population

As of January 1, 2004, the town had an estimated population of 8,663. The total area was 122.11 km$^2$.

## History

On March 20, 2005, Saku, along with the village of Yachiho (also from Minamisaku District), was merged to create the town of Sakuho.
# Vaibhavwadi train crash

The Vaibhavwadi train crash was a fatal train derailment near the village of Vaibhavwadi in Sindhudurg district, Maharashtra in India on 23 June 2003.

## Overview

The accident occurred at 10.30pm, when the train, bound for Mumbai from Karwar derailed suddenly as it travelled through a ravine outside the town. The train was a Central Railway's Holiday Special, and had numerous families aboard at the time of the crash. The track had been covered by several large boulders earlier in the day from a landslide down the ravine's side, which had not been noticed due to the remote location. When the train struck the boulders, the engine and first three carriages were thrown in the air by the force of the derailment, and crumpled upon impact.
The rescue operation was difficult, because unlike with most Indian train accidents, local people did not see or hear the crash, and thus it was hours before the emergency services were notified, and even longer before they arrived, travelling on bad roads in bad weather. Special emergency trains could not be used either, because of the dangers of further landslides. Thus it was the morning before many of the survivors were freed by soldiers and emergency services.
52 people were killed in the crash and over 100 injured, including 26 in a critical state. Many of those injured in the crash had died in the night because of the difficulties inherent in reaching them in the darkness. The customary one lakh compensation was presented to the families of those killed.
The cause of the crash was determined to have been rocks and earth, which tumbled onto the tracks ahead following a series of earth tremors, to which this area is especially prone. These then caused the engine to leave the rails when it collided with them. There was controversy about the accident though, because the company which runs the service, the Konkan Railway Corporation, has just developed a new type of Anti Collision Device which would have prevented the crash. The device had been sold to other Indian and foreign companies, but had not yet been installed on their own vehicles.

## Similar accidents

Landslides can be classed with washaways.
* – Tangiwai disaster
* – Veligonda train disaster
* – Karanjadi train crash
* – Bethrungra – 1885 – 7 killed when train derails at culvert washaway.
# Elisabeth Mooij

Elisabeth Mooij, also known by her married name Elisabeth Ghijben (Amsterdam, 1712 – Amsterdam, 1759), was a Dutch actress. She was among the biggest stars in the Netherlands in her time.

## Biography

Elisabeth Mooij was the daughter of the wine maker Willem Mooij and Sara Ledeboer. In 1731, she married the oyster dealer Robbert Ghijben and together they had three sons and two daughters but two sons died at a young age. She was employed at the Amsterdamse Schouwburg theatre in 1743–1759. After the death of its premiere actress, Anna Maria de Bruyn in 1744, she was made first actress, and after this, she was often given the leading roles in the theatre's productions.
Elizabeth's daughter was the acclaimed actress Cornelia Ghijben and Elizabeth's granddaughter, Cornelia Bouhon, carried on the family tradition as a performer at the Schouwburg theater for at least 30 years.
# Alf-Gerd Deckert

Alf-Gerd Deckert (born 4 July 1955) is a retired cross-country skier from East Germany. He competed at the 1980 Winter Olympics in the 15 km, 30 km and 50 km events and finished in 37th, 9th and 26th place, respectively.
He was married to Petra Thümer, a German Olympic swimmer. His brother Manfred is a retired Olympic ski jumper.
# Jankowo Dolne

Jankowo Dolne is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gniezno, within Gniezno County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) east of Gniezno and 56 km (35 mi) east of the regional capital Poznań.
It is situated on the Wełna River and the western shore of Jankowskie Lake

## History

As part of the region of Greater Poland, i.e. the cradle of the Polish state, the area formed part of Poland since its establishment in the 10th century. Jankowo Dolne was a private village of Polish nobility, administratively located in the Gniezno County in the Kalisz Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province of the Kingdom of Poland.
During the German invasion of Poland which started World War II, on September 11, 1939, German troops carried out a massacre of 12 Poles, including women and children (see Nazi crimes against the Polish nation).
# OMB Circular A-21

OMB Circular A-21 is a Government circular that sets forth the rules governing the eligibility and calculation of costs in support of sponsored research, development, training and other works produced in agreement with the United States Federal Government, but does not attempt to identify or dictate agency or institutional participation in those works. The last revision is dated May 10, 2004.
This circular is divided into ten sections:

## Purpose and Scope

This section outlines the principles and policies that must be followed regarding the accounting principles, arrangements, and exemptions for any training or work produced under the contract as agreed upon by the Federal Government.

## Definition of Terms

Lists connotative and denotative meanings for specific phrases used throughout the circular.

## Basic Considerations

This section outlines the responsibility necessitated when determining and justifying costs incurred throughout a project, and what is to be expected in terms of accountability by the financial authority(ies) involved.

## Direct Costs

Direct costs are those measurable and accurate within the scope of the project.

## F&A Costs

F&A (Facilities and Administrative) costs are not necessarily tangible assets, but are those that are not immediately recognized and itemizable by all participants in the project or a given activity within the project. Recommendations for distribution and considerations of these costs are also covered.

## Identification and assignment of F&A costs

This section categorizes costs incurred as a result of expenses, services, operations and the depreciation of those costs.

## Determination and application of F&A cost rate(s)

All F&A costs must be determined and negotiated pertaining to the scope of the project, and there are limitations and procedures outlined for the accounting of these cost rates.

## Simplified method for small institutions

This section truncates the identification, assignment, determination, and application of cost rates when applied to any work that does not exceed US $10 Million in a single fiscal year. These simplified procedures may be used to account for the total cost of a project or work produced under the contract.

## General provisions for selected items of cost

This section covers permissible and nonpermissible costs involved in a project. To simplify, the following costs are allowed (within the circular guidelines):
* Advertising and Public relations
* Reasonable civil defense costs
* Communication costs
* Salaries, Wages, fringe benefits and those acceptable criteria
* Equipment and Asset and Services Rendered, with exceptions
* Travel
Anything outside the scope of these costs is typically not allowed unless it falls under one of the specifically mentioned exceptions within the circular.

## Certification of charges

This is a short form that requires the named institution, signature, name of official, title, and date, that when collected certifies that all costs have been accounted for and are within the cost guidelines, under penalty of perjury.
# 2022 Extinction Rebellion House of Commons protest

On 2 September 2022, around 50 members of the climate change activist group Extinction Rebellion staged a protest in the House of Commons in the Palace of Westminster, the home of the British Parliament. The protesters were on a guided tour of Parliament when they went into the main section of the House of Commons and three of them glued themselves together next to the Speaker's chair. The protestors read a speech demanding a citizen's assembly on climate change issues. A total of eight people were arrested - four who glued themselves to each other in the Chamber, two who had locked themselves inside the chamber gates, one who had climbed onto scaffolding outside the Parliament, and one who had glued himself to the pavement on the premises. Parliament was not in session at the time.
# Dr. George A. Jenkins House

The Dr. George A. Jenkins House is a historic house located at 223 South C Street in Albia, Iowa.

## Description and history

Built in 1926, it is the largest Tudor Revival house in the city. The 2½-story, wood-framed house features a symmetrical facade, and half-timbering that is associated with the style. It is capped with a steeply pitched gable roof and gable dormers. It has an unusual exterior cladding of concrete with river gravel cobblestone set in the wet concrete during construction. The hen's egg sized stones are more than likely from the Des Moines River near Eddyville, Iowa, as they are consistent with other rocks available from that location.
The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 5, 1987.
# Janków Pierwszy

Janków Pierwszy is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Blizanów, within Kalisz County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) west of Blizanów, 18 km (11 mi) north-west of Kalisz, and 92 km (57 mi) south-east of the regional capital Poznań.

## Schools

The School Complex in Janków Pierwszy, with its original name Zespół Szkół w Jankowie Pierwszym, is the only educational institution in Janków Pierwszy. It consists of The Public Local Kindergarten, The Primary School and The Junior High School.
Here is an historical overview of the progress of schools:
1945–1946: The authorities of the Blizanów commune decide to build a school in Jankow Pierwszy.
1952: The ceremonial opening of the institution.
1958: A kindergarten was opened.
1959: First graduates finish school.
1963–1973: The Agricultural Pre-school operates in the building.
1974–1975: The school becomes a Collective School of Communes with branches in: Żerniki, Lip, Brudzew, Jarantów and Piskory.
1982: Installation of central heating.
1984: Subsequent changes in the school's activity - the Collective Community School becomes the Primary School again.
1997: The commune council of Blizanów decides to establish a School Complex, which includes: Primary School and Public Local Kindergarten
1999: The School Complex in Janków Pierwszy grew by the Junior High School.
2001–2003: Modernization of the school, which included insulation, a new elevation of the building, replacement of windows and door carpentry, renovation inside the building.
2004–2005: Expansion of the school: modernization of central heating from coal to oil.
2006: Putting into use a full-size Junior High School with facilities.
2008: Putting into use a multi-purpose pitch with a tartan surface and parking for teachers and parents.
2009: Modernization of the school in the field of electrical installation replacement.
2010: Putting into use a multi-functional sports Complex with a tartan track and a long jump.
# NGS.ru

NGS.ru is a Russian online newspaper founded in 1998 and based in Novosibirsk. It is a major regional media outlet in the Novosibirsk Oblast by citation index.
NGS.ru is part of Urban Media [ru], a network of Russian regional web portals owned by Hearst Shkulev Media.

## History

The history of NGS.ru began on 12 March 1998, when Maxim Sidorkin, who was earning his living selling compact discs, created it using a simple FrontPage editor. It became one of the first 100 websites hosted in Novosibirsk. Sidorkin decided to develop the website as a web portal for residents of Novosibirsk called Novosibirsk City Website (Russian: Новосибирский городской сайт), hoping to attract as many advertisers as possible. In 2001, the site became his main source of income.
In 2003, Sidorkin founded the stock company NGS (registered on 8 August 2003 with assignment of primary state registration number 1035403210325) and recruited its first employees. On 14 September 2007, the news section of the site was registered as a digital mass medium (certificate of registration ЭЛ No. ФС77-29543). In 2007, the company commenced to expand to Krasnoyarsk. At the same time, the website was rebranded, and the name "NGC" began to mean Independent City Websites (Russian: Независимые городские сайты). The sphere of the company's activity was extended to Omsk in 2009, then to Barnaul, Kuzbass and Tomsk in 2010 and to Irkutsk in 2011.
In March 2013, Hearst Shkulev Media bought 75% of NGS's shares. NGS.ru and the company's other sites were subsequently integrated into Hearst Shkulev Media's Urban Media [ru], a network of regional web portals. Prior to the deal on the disposal of the company, in addition to the news section, NGS.ru had many others, such as a car sales announcements section; search sections for real estate, jobs and employees section; a dating section; an online forum; and electronic mail. After its acquisition by Hearst Shkulev Media, most of these sections were spun out into separate websites; NGS kept its news section and ability to publish adverisements.
In 2017, a series of reorganizations within Hearst Shkulev Media began. At the time, NGS.ru was owned by Internet Tehnologies OOO (primary state registration number 1087448005050) and registered as a digital mass medium (certificate of registration ЭЛ No. ФС 77 - 84683 issued on 6 February 2023).

## Activity

As a major regional mass media outlet in Novosibirsk, NGS specializes in news related to local events. Its news is often republished by other media outlets.
# John Humphrey House (Simsbury, Connecticut)

The John Humphrey House is a historic house at 115 East Weatogue Street in Simsbury, Connecticut. Built about 1760, it is a well-preserved example of a Georgian colonial residence. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.

## Description and history

The John Humphrey House is located in Simsbury's rural East Weatogue area, on the west side of East Weatogue Road north of its junction with Talcott Mountain Road. It is a two-story frame house, five bays wide, with a centered entry and a large central chimney. Its exterior is finished in wooden clapboards. Additions extend the main block to the right and rear. The interior follows a typical center-chimney plan, with a narrow entrance vestibule that has a winding staircase to the second floor. On either side of the chimney are parlor spaces, with the original kitchen in a long room behind. The parlor spaces have fine original Georgian wooden paneling; the left parlor has a more elaborate fireplace surround, with fluted pilasters, and an elaborate builtin corner cabinet. The ell extending to the right, a 19th-century addition, retains features period to its original construction, although one of its fireplaces has been bricked over.
The house's construction is estimated to have been in 1760, based in part on land records, and in part from the location of the bake oven in the kitchen, which is not typically sited where it is in earlier construction. The land on which it stands was granted to Michael Humphrey in 1668, but there is no firm evidence of a house until 1760, when the estate of his grandson John was inventoried.
# Shubha (Arabic)

Shubha (Arabic: شبهة doubt, obscurity, or mis-grounded conceit) is an Islamic term referring to the duty of leaders/judges to consider any doubt (shubha) before implementing a verdict in a criminal case of any degree. Muhammad said not to implement serious punishment in cases of uncertainty, with the phrase: "ادرؤوا الحدود بالشبهات" ("seek doubts to avoid punishment").

## In Qur'an

A derived term with similar meaning is mentioned in the Qur'an at 3:7.
   It is He Who has sent down to you the Book. In it are Verses that are entirely clear, they are the foundations of the Book; and others not entirely clear. So as for those in whose hearts there is a deviation (from the truth) they follow that which is not entirely clear thereof, seeking Al-Fitnah (polytheism and trials, etc.), and seeking for its hidden meanings, but none knows its hidden meanings save Allâh. And those who are firmly grounded in knowledge say: "We believe in it; the whole of it (clear and unclear Verses) are from our Lord." And none receive admonition except men of understanding.

## In Hadith

Muhammad is reported to have commented on the above verse:
«فَإِذَا رَأَيْتِ الَّذِينَ يَتَّبِعُونَ مَا تَشَابَهَ مِنْهُ؛ فَأُولئِكَ الَّذِينَ سَمَّى اللهُ، فَاحْذَرُوهُم»
(When you see those who follow what is not so clear of the Qur'an, then they are those whom God described, so beware of them.)
# 1918 Cobar state by-election

The 1918 Cobar state by-election was scheduled to be held on 1 June 1918 to elect the member for Cobar in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly, following the death of Labor Party MP Charles Fern.
The only candidate to contest was Labour's Mat Davidson, and he was declared elected at the close of candidate nominations on 11 May 1918. The Nationalist Party chose not to contest based on the precedent set at the 1915 by-elections in Armidale and Willoughby, which were not contested by the major non-incumbent party in either seat after the sitting members were killed in action at Gallipoli.

## Key events

* 18 April 1918 − Charles Fern dies
* 1 May 1918 − Writ of election issued by the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly
* 11 May 1918 − Candidate nominations
* 1 June 1918 − Polling day (no poll held)
* 17 June 1918 − Return of writ (scheduled date)

## Candidates

| Party | Party | Candidate | Background |
| | Labor | Mat Davidson | Alderman on Cobar Municipal Council |
Additionally, former MP Arthur Rae was reported to be contesting as Labor's candidate, but this did not eventuate.

## Result

1918 Cobar state by-election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes |
| | Labor | Mat Davidson | unopposed |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 8,088 |
| | Labor hold | Labor hold | |
# 1974 in Afghanistan

The following lists events that happened during 1974 in Afghanistan.

## Incumbents

* President: Mohammed Daoud Khan
# Parkersburg–Vienna metropolitan area

The Parkersburg–Vienna metropolitan area, officially the Parkersburg–Vienna, WV Metropolitan Statistical Area as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of two counties in West Virginia, anchored by the cities of Parkersburg and Vienna. As of the 2020 census, the MSA had a population of 89,490. Prior to the 2020 census, the metro area included the city of Marietta, Ohio and Washington County, which has since been redefined as its own micropolitan area. They now form the Parkersburg–Marietta–Vienna, WV–OH Combined Statistical Area.

## Counties

* Wirt County, West Virginia
* Wood County, West Virginia
* Washington County, Ohio

## Communities
### Places with 10,000 to 30,000 inhabitants

* Parkersburg, West Virginia (Principal city)
* Marietta, Ohio (Principal city)
* Vienna, West Virginia (Principal city)

### Places with 1,000 to 10,000 inhabitants

* Belmont, West Virginia
* Belpre, Ohio
* Beverly, Ohio
* Blennerhassett, West Virginia (census-designated place)
* Boaz, West Virginia (census-designated place)
* Devola, Ohio (census-designated place)
* Lubeck, West Virginia (census-designated place)
* Mineral Wells, West Virginia (census-designated place)
* St. Marys, West Virginia
* Washington, West Virginia (census-designated place)
* Williamstown, West Virginia

### Places with less than 1,000 inhabitants

* Elizabeth, West Virginia
* Lowell, Ohio
* Lower Salem, Ohio
* Macksburg, Ohio
* Matamoras, Ohio
* North Hills, West Virginia

### Townships (Washington County, Ohio)
## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 164,624 people, 66,583 households, and 46,390 families residing within the MSA. The racial makeup of the MSA was 97.41% White, 0.93% African American, 0.23% Native American, 0.45% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.13% from other races, and 0.80% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.54% of the population.
The median income for a household in the MSA was $32,761, and the median income for a family was $38,427. Males had a median income of $31,772 versus $26,499 for females. The per capita income for the MSA was $16,769.
# Lorenz Koller

Lorenz Koller (born 26 September 1994) is an Austrian luger. He competed in the men's doubles event at the 2018 Winter Olympics and in the men's doubles and team relay events in 2022 Winter Olympics, winning a silver and a bronze medal in the latter event.
# John Hustis House

The John Hustis House is located in Hustisford, Wisconsin.

## History

John Hustis was the founder and namesake of Hustisford. He would reside in the house until his death in 1907. Since then, it has been acquired by the local historical society and turned into a museum. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983 and on the State Register of Historic Places in 1989.
# Otranto Bridge

The Otranto Bridge was located northwest of St. Ansgar, Iowa, United States. It carried traffic on 480th Avenue over the Cedar River for 170 feet (52 m). The supervisors from Mitchell County contracted with the Chicago Bridge and Iron Company (CBI) to build two bridges in the county. Chicago engineer Horace E. Horton from CBI designed this Camelback through truss bridge. It replaced and older span at the same location, and it was completed in 1899 for $3,257. The Otranto Bridge was one of the few Camelback through truss bridges built in Iowa. It was replaced by a modern bridge and was privately owned before being dismantled.
The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998. It was removed in 2020.