OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Centropyge tibicen

Centropyge tibicen, the keyhole angelfish, black angelfish, whitespot angelfish or puller angelfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a marine angelfish belonging to the family Pomacanthidae. It is found in the Indo-Pacific region.

## Description

Centropyge tibicen is mainly black in colour, the adults have an elongated vertical black blotch in the centre of the upper flanks. Smaller fish are mainly black with a white vertical bar which changes to a central blotch and becomes highly variable in form and extent. The dorsal and anal fins have a blue line just below their margin. Much of the pelvic and the front part of the anal fin are yellow. The caudal fin has a blue line which is positioned submarginally. The dorsal fin contains 14 spines and 15-16 soft rays while the anal fin has 3 spines and 16-17 soft rays. This species attains a maximum total length of 19 centimetres (7.5 in).

## Distribution

Centropyge tibicen is found in the Indo-Pacific region. It occurs from the northwestern coast of Australia and Christmas Island through the Indo-Australian Archipelago to Vanuatu and Tonga in the east. Its range extends as far north as southern Japan and Taiwan and to Lord Howe Island.

## Habitat and biology

Centropyge tibicen is found at depths between 4 and 35 metres (13 and 115 ft). It is an uncommon species of areas where there is a mixture of coral and rubble on both lagoon and seaward reefs. It is herbivorous and algae dominates its diet. It lives in harems of 3-7 fishes. This species is able to change sex from female to male, when there is no male in a harem, one of the females changes sex.

## Systematics

Centropyge tibicen was first formally described as Holocanthus tibicen in 1831 by the French anatomist Georges Cuvier (1769-1832). The specific name tibicen means “trumpeter”, this is thought to be alluding to the name given to this species by the Dutch naturalist François Valentijn (1666-1727) in 1726, Japonfche Trompetter. When Johann Jakob Kaup described the genus Centropyge in 1860 he named Cuvier’s H. tibicen as the type species. As the type species it is placed in the subgenus Centropyge.

## Utilisation

Centropyge tibicen is frequently found in the aquarium trade, but does not tolerate Ionic copper medications very well. It is recommended to use Ionic copper treatments only, or rather, a less harsh procedure such as the Hybrid Tank Transfer method.
# United Front Against Fascism

The United Front Against Fascism (UFAF) was an anti-fascist conference organized by the Black Panther Party and held in Oakland, California, from July 18 to 21, 1969.

## Background

The May 31, 1969 issue of The Black Panther called for a "Revolutionary Conference for a United Front Against Fascism," to be held in Oakland in July of that year. The announcement drew links between the killing of James Rector and the imprisonment of Huey Newton, and outlined the purpose of the conference: it would develop a political program representing the "poor, black, oppressed workers and people of America", involving strategies for community control of policing, the release of political prisoners, the expulsion of the military from college and university campuses, and community self-defense.

## Event

Around 5,000 people responded to the call, including members of the Communist Party USA, the Peace and Freedom Party, the Progressive Labor Party, the Red Guard Party, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, Students for a Democratic Society (SDS), the Third World Liberation Front, the Young Lords, the Young Patriots Organization, the Young Socialist Alliance and various groups associated with the women's liberation movement. Events took place in the Oakland Auditorium and DeFremery Park. Delegates included Asian Americans, Latinos and other people of color, but the majority in attendance were white. Some members of the factionalized Students for a Democratic Society were ejected from the auditorium for "disruptive behavior," and the following day distributed pamphlets which accused organizers of excluding them.
Speeches were given on the first day of the congress. The second day was devoted to workshops on issues around fascism, gender, workers and students, political prisoners, health, religion, state repression of political dissent and policing. Speakers included Bob Avakian and Jeff Jones of SDS; Elaine Brown, who presented a letter from Ericka Huggins who was at that time incarcerated; the politician Ron Dellums; and the lawyers Charles Garry and William Kunstler, the latter of whom discussed the 1967 Plainfield, New Jersey riots and argued for the legality and necessity of defensive violence. Following the congress the National Committees to Combat Fascism, a national network that sought community control of police forces, was established.

## Significance

In 2017 the historian Robyn C. Spencer connected the UFAF to contemporary antifascism in the United States, and argued that
   The history of the UFAF demonstrates that discussions about fascism in the US are nothing new. It shifts the discussion of fascism away from an American exceptionalist terrain where the US is compared with Europe and government structures or despotic leaders are analyzed and instead demonstrates the value of unearthing manifestations of fascism in the lived experiences of Black people in the US.
# Christopher Williams (bobsleigh)

Christopher Williams (16 June 1927 – 30 August 2012) was a British bobsledder. He competed in the two-man and the four-man events at the 1956 Winter Olympics.
# Bethan Raggatt

Bethan Raggatt (born 10 September 1966) is a British sailor. She competed in the women's 470 event at the 1996 Summer Olympics.
# Sarah McLean

Sarah McLean (born 23 September 1967) is a Canadian sailor. She competed in the women's 470 event at the 1992 Summer Olympics.
# Anna Asheshov

Anna Asheshov (born 8 July 1941) is a British alpine skier. She competed in the women's downhill at the 1964 Winter Olympics.
# Sheena Mackintosh

Asthore Sheena Hilleary (née Mackintosh) (10 November 1928 – 13 December 2018) was a British alpine skier and the daughter of former British downhill champion Chris Mackintosh and Lady Jean Bell (née Douglas-Hamilton); daughter of the 13th Duke of Hamilton. She competed in three events at both the 1948 Winter Olympics and the 1952 Winter Olympics under the name Sheena Mackintosh.

## British Ladies Ski Championship

Mackintosh captained the British Ladies' Team at the 1950 Lowlander’s Championship at Val-d’Isère and finished third behind her younger sister Vora Mackintosh at the 1951 Championship.
After finishing runner-up in the British Ladies Combined Championship in 1950, Mackintosh won the Championship title in both 1951 and 1952.

## 1948 & 1952 Olympics

Representing Great Britain, Mackintosh competed in three alpine ski events –Downhill, Combined and Slalom– at the 1948 Winter Olympics, where she finished 24th, 33rd, and 21st respectively. Members of the British Ladies' Ski Team who competed alongside Mackintosh included Miss Isobel Roe, Miss Xanthe Ryder, Miss Evelyn Pinching, Miss Rosemarie Sparrow, Mrs. Bunty Greeland, and Mrs. Biddy Duke-Woolley.
Once again representing Great Britain, Mackintosh competed in three alpine ski events –Downhill, Slalom and Giant slalom– at the 1952 Winter Olympics, where she finished 26th, 28th, and 28th respectively.

## Family

Her siblings Charlach Mackintosh, Vora Mackintosh and Douglas Mackintosh have all represented Great Britain in skiing events at various Winter Olympic Games.
A series of photographic portraits of Sheena as a child with her family, taken by Bassano Ltd are held in the collection of the National Portrait Gallery, London.
In 1952 she married Ruaraidh Edward Hilleary.
# Diana Tomkinson

Diana Tomkinson (23 April 1943 – 30 January 2023) was a British alpine skier who competed in the 1968 Winter Olympics. Tomkinson was born in London on 23 April 1943, and died on 30 January 2023, at the age of 79.
# Vora Mackintosh

Vora June Shaw Stewart (née Mackintosh) (2 June 1929 – 30 April 1998) was a British alpine skier. She competed in two events at the 1952 Winter Olympics.
A series of photographic portraits of Vora as a child with her family, taken by Bassano Ltd, are held in the collection of the National Portrait Gallery, London.
# Yangzhou High School of Jiangsu Province

Yangzhou High School of Jiangsu Province (Chinese: 江苏省扬州中学) is a high school in Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China. It grew out of Yidong School, which was established in 1902.

## Notable alumni

* Professor Kai-Tai Fang, a mathematical statistician.
* Hu Qiaomu
* Jiang Zemin
# Adrián Bíreš

Adrián Bireš (born 18 May 1969) is a Slovak alpine skier. He competed in five events at the 1988 Winter Olympics as part of the Czechoslovakian olympic delegation.
# Otto-Wilhelm Förster

Otto-Wilhelm Förster (16 March 1885 – 24 June 1966) was a general in the German Army during World War II who commanded several corps. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. Förster retired from active duty in January 1944. He was arrested by the Soviet authorities following the war. Convicted as a war criminal in Soviet Union, he was held until 1955.

## Awards and decorations

* Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 28 April 1943 as Generalleutnant and commander of 93. Infanterie-Division
# Zhang Lixiong

Zhang Lixiong (Chinese: 张力雄, pinyin: Zhāng Lìxióng; 21 November 1913 – 2 April 2024) was a Chinese politician, military officer, and supercentenarian.

## Biography

Zhang joined the Chinese Communist Party in 1931 and became a founding major general of the People's Liberation Army in 1961. He served as a deputy in the 4th National People's Congress from 1975 to 1978. He was one of the last surviving founding generals in the PLA.
Zhang died on 2 April 2024, at the age of 110 years, 133 days.
# William Alvan Grimes

William Alvan Grimes (July 4, 1911 – February 28, 1999) was a justice of the New Hampshire Supreme Court from 1966 to 1981, serving as chief justice from 1979 to 1981.
Born in Dover, New Hampshire, Grimes received a B.S. from the University of New Haven in 1934, and a J.D. from the Boston University School of Law in 1937. He gained admission to the bar in New Hampshire the same year, and joined the Rochester, New Hampshire, law firm of Cooper & Hall, becoming a partner in 1941. Grimes served in the New Hampshire House of Representatives from 1933 to 1935 and again from 1937 to 1939.
During World War II, Grimes served in the United States Navy Reserve. After working as solicitor for the City of Dover from 1946 to 1947, he held a seat on the Superior Court of New Hampshire from 1947 until his appointment to the state supreme court in 1966. He was a founding faculty member of the National Judicial College, and author of an influential annual summary of U.S. Supreme Court criminal law cases titled Grimes' Criminal Law Outline.
Grimes died at a retirement home in Maine at the age of 87.
# Pipiza festiva

Pipiza festiva is a species of hoverfly, from the family Syrphidae, in the order Diptera.
# 2023 Columbus Challenger

The 2023 Columbus Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the 13th edition of the men's tournament which was part of the 2023 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Columbus, United States between September 18 and 24, 2023.

## Singles main draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| FRA | Enzo Couacaud | 178 | 1 |
| USA | Denis Kudla | 181 | 2 |
| ECU | Emilio Gómez | 185 | 3 |
| CAN | Vasek Pospisil | 187 | 4 |
| USA | Tennys Sandgren | 196 | 5 |
| CAN | Alexis Galarneau | 200 | 6 |
| AUS | Adam Walton | 203 | 7 |
| USA | Zachary Svajda | 207 | 8 |
* $^1$ Rankings are as of September 11, 2023.

### Other entrants

The following players received entry into the singles main draw as wildcards:
* Justin Boulais
* Cannon Kingsley
* James Tracy
The following player received entry into the singles main draw using a protected ranking:
* Christian Harrison
The following players received entry into the singles main draw as alternates:
* Michael Geerts
* Illya Marchenko
* Tristan Schoolkate
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Jack Anthrop
* Federico Agustín Gómez
* Strong Kirchheimer
* Aidan Mayo
* Bernard Tomic
* James Trotter

## Champions
### Singles

* Denis Kudla def. Alexis Galarneau 6–2, 6–1.

### Doubles

* Robert Cash / James Trotter def. Guido Andreozzi / Hans Hach Verdugo 6–4, 2–6, [10–7].
# William Evelyn Kingwell

William Evelyn Kingwell (1889 – 19 January 1947) was a British bank cashier who on 6 September 1931 was the first disc jockey to broadcast in English from France after he was recruited by Leonard Plugge to introduce records on a Sunday evening show on Radio Fécamp in Normandy.

## Early life and family

Kingwell was born in Edmonton, Middlesex, in 1889, the son of a bank inspector.
He married Jessie.

## First World War

Kingwell served in the Royal Field Artillery during the First World War. He was promoted to second lieutenant in 1914 but was injured during a gas attack and returned to England.
He also served in the Royal West Kent Regiment.

## Career

Kingwell's father had intended him for a career in banking from an early age which he had started before it was interrupted by the First World War. After his war service, Kingwell returned to banking, working for Lloyds on attachment as chief cashier at a Lloyds/National Provincial branch in Le Havre, France.
It was at the bank that Kingwell met the radio entrepreneur Leonard Plugge who needed money to buy gramophone records for his new International Broadcasting Company (IBC) and got chatting with Kingwell. He asked him if he knew anyone who could introduce records on radio every Sunday night and Kingwell replied that he would be glad to do the job. The first broadcast took place on 6 September 1931 using transmitter time that Plugge had bought from Radio Fécamp in Normandy making Kingwell the first "disc jockey", a term invented later, to broadcast in English from France.
Kingwell found the work difficult, possibly due to the after-effects of his gas injury during the war, and on one occasion lost his voice and had to get his son to take his place. Later, he was joined by Major Max Staniforth before giving up presenting entirely.

## Death

Kingwell died on 19 January 1947. Administration of his estate was granted to his widow, Jessie. He left an estate of £520.
# Ladislav Patras

Ladislav Patras (born 19 July 1967) was a Czechoslovakian nordic combined skier who competed in the late 1980s. He finished sixth in the 3 × 10 km team event at the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary.
# Helmuth Förster

Helmuth Förster (19 April 1889 – 7 April 1965) was a German general in the Luftwaffe during World War II. A decorated World War I aviator, he returned to military service in 1934 as an Oberstleutnant in the Luftwaffe. Promoted to Oberst in 1936, he was appointed to command the 4th Bomber Wing. During the invasion of Poland, Förster, by now a Generalmajor, commanded the Luftwaffen-Lehrdivision with significant success. He was then appointed as chief of staff of the 5th Air Fleet during the invasion of Norway. After serving on the German-French Peace Commission, he was appointed as military governor of the German-occupied territory of Serbia from April to June 1941, then commanded the 1st Air Corps during the invasion of the Soviet Union until October 1942. Whilst in command of the 1st Air Corps he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. He spent the remainder of the war as chief of administration at the Reich Ministry of Aviation. He was pensioned as an Oberstleutnant in 1952.

## Awards and decorations

* Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 22 February 1942 as General der Flieger and commander of I. Flieger-Korps

## Footnotes

* ↑ Mitcham 2007, p. 131.
* ↑ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 154.
# Yip Hon Weng

Yip Hon Weng (Chinese: 叶汉荣; pinyin: Yè Hànróng; born 23 July 1977) is a Singaporean politician, former civil servant and teacher. A member of the governing People's Action Party (PAP), he has been the Member of Parliament (MP) representing Yio Chu Kang SMC since 2020.

## Education

Yip graduated from Loughborough University with a bachelor's degree with first class honours in physical education, sports science and mathematics under an overseas scholarship conferred by the Public Service Commission (PSC).
He completed his training as a teacher and obtained a PGCE from the University of Exeter.
He subsequently went on to complete master's degrees in; administration, planning & social policy and international education with double concentrations at Harvard University; knowledge engineering at the National University of Singapore; and financial engineering at the Nanyang Technological University with a project stint at Carnegie Mellon University.
Yip is also a Sloan Fellow and has completed a Master of Business Administration degree at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology under the Administrative Service Postgraduate Scholarship conferred by the Singapore Government.

## Career
### Early career

Yip started his career as a physical education and mathematics teacher at Kent Ridge Secondary School.
He subsequently served in several leadership, management and policy related roles in the Ministry of Education (MOE), Ministry of Manpower (MOM), Ministry of Defence (MINDEF), Ministry of Health (MOH) and the Ministry of National Development (MND).
He was also part of the founding team that established the Municipal Services Office announced during the 2014 National Day Rally Speech, when the OneService app was created. He was Group Chief of the Silver Generation Office in the Agency of Integrated Care and concurrently Advisor (Care Integration) under the Ministry of Health prior to entering politics.

### Politics

Yip was fielded in the 2020 general election as a solo PAP candidate contesting in Yio Chu Kang SMC against the Progress Singapore Party.
On 11 July 2020, Yip was declared an elected Member of Parliament (MP) representing Yio Chu Kang SMC in the 14th Parliament after garnering 61% of the vote.
Yip was elected as Vice-Chairman on Ang Mo Kio Town Council (AMKTC) since 2015.

## Personal life

Yip is married and has five children.
# Jordan House (West Des Moines, Iowa)

The Jordan House is an historic building located in West Des Moines, Iowa, United States. It was built by abolitionist James C. Jordan and was a station on the Underground Railroad in Iowa. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1973.

## James C. Jordan

Jordan was a cattle farmer from Virginia, although the area is now in West Virginia, who settled in central Iowa in 1846. As a businessman he organized the State Bank of Des Moines and was involved in bringing the railroad to Des Moines. He platted Valley Junction and raised $70,000 to create a railhead there, which was also near his cattle operation. Today the area is the city of West Des Moines. As a civic leader he served on the Polk County Board of Supervisors, and was elected to both the Iowa Senate and the Iowa House of Representatives. While in the state legislature he led the effort to move the state capital from Iowa City to Des Moines. Jordan was married twice. He and his first wife Melinda had six children. After her death, he married Cynthia Adams and the family grew to eleven children.

## History

James Jordan's first dwelling in Polk County was a lean-to tent that he replaced with a log cabin in 1848. Two years later construction started on the present house. They moved into the basement when it was completed. It was divided into a kitchen and a bed/sitting room. In 1851 the first phase of the upper floors was completed. The white frame house is two stories tall. The first phase of the house featured an elegant entrance, two large rooms on the first floor and a walnut staircase that led to two large bedrooms on the second floor. The kitchen remained in the basement.
Before the American Civil War the house was a station on the Underground Railroad. Jordan, who was a staunch abolitionist, was considered the chief conductor in Polk County. John Brown stayed in the house at least two times, and one of those times he was leading 12 slaves to freedom. The house was also a place where travelers stopped on their journeys to the American West. It was also a gathering place for local businessmen and politicians.
The house was expanded in 1870. The addition provided space for another parlor, a dining room, library, and kitchen. Porches were added to the east and south sides of the house. A second entrance was also added with another black walnut staircase to the six additional bedrooms on the second floor.
The Jordan family continued to live in the house until 1947 when it was sold to the Church of the Nazarene who used the house as a part of their summer campground. The West Des Moines Historical Society bought the house in 1978. They renovated it as a period house and use it as a museum.
# 1958 Ottawa municipal election

The city of Ottawa, Canada held municipal elections on December 1, 1958.
Mayor George Nelms is re-elected with a comfortable margin.

## Mayor of Ottawa

| Candidate | Votes | % |
| George Nelms (X) | 28,346 | 55.92 |
| William J. LeClair | 13,572 | 26.77 |
| Roy Donaldson | 8,774 | 17.31 |

## Ottawa Board of Control

(4 elected)
| Candidate | Votes |
| Paul Tardif (X) | 33,394 |
| Ernie Jones (X) | 30,407 |
| Sam Berger (X) | 29,464 |
| Wilbert Hamilton (X) | 28,785 |
| Michael Chomyn | 13,024 |
| Joseph Louis Paradis | 6,581 |

## City council

(2 elected from each ward)
Gloucester Ward :
| Candidate | Votes |
| Murray Heit | 3,096 |
| Alex Roger (X) | 2,912 |
| Pat Doherty | 2,715 |
| Gordon Willis | 2,508 |
Rideau Ward :
| Candidate | Votes |
| J. D. Wentzell (X) | 2,464 |
| Robert Groves (X) | 2,335 |
| Leslie G. Avery | 1,314 |
| J. G. Drouin | 1,275 |
Capital Ward :
| Candidate | Votes |
| Don Armstrong | 2,543 |
| George Sloan (X) | 2,055 |
| Claude Bennett | 1,546 |
| Noel Ogilvie (X) | 1,540 |
| Jack Kavanagh | 1,366 |
| Bob Williamson | 783 |
| Thomas Davison | 564 |
Carleton Ward :
| Candidate | Votes |
| Howard Henry (X) | 3,965 |
| Lloyd Francis | 3,700 |
| Frank Boyce | 2,861 |
Queensboro Ward :
| Candidate | Votes |
| Ken Workman | 2,898 |
| Lon Campbell (X) | 2,857 |
| Robert Faulkner | 1,597 |
| Don Hamilton | 1,206 |
| S. Crawford | 1,021 |
Dalhousie Ward :
| Candidate | Votes |
| James McAuley (X) | 2,392 |
| Charles Parker (X) | 2,021 |
| Perry Kerwin | 1,180 |
| Rudy Capogreco | 659 |
| G. F. Johnson | 560 |
Elmdale-Victoria Ward :
| Candidate | Votes |
| Roly Wall (X) | 3,124 |
| Henry Bradley (X) | 2,906 |
| Bruce Harvey | 1,661 |
| Ferdinand Clement | 756 |
By Ward :
| Candidate | Votes |
| Jules Morin (X) | 2,956 |
| Clem Aubin (X) | 2,155 |
| Paul-Emile Morin | 1,167 |
St. George's Ward :
| Candidate | Votes |
| Charlie St. Germain (X) | 3,526 |
| May Nickson (X) | 1,981 |
| Sam McLean | 1,005 |
| George Rayner | 717 |
Wellington Ward :
| Candidate | Votes |
| Don Reid (X) | 2,669 |
| Lionel O'Connor (X) | 1,851 |
| James Beauchamp | 1,136 |
| W. T. Lewis | 730 |
# 50 BC

Year 50 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Paullus and Marcellus (or, less frequently, year 704 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 50 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Roman Republic

* Consuls: Lucius Aemilius Paullus and Gaius Claudius Marcellus.
* The Senate recalls Julius Caesar and rescinds his authority. Caesar breaks alliance with Pompey.
* The Roman artillery piece called Scorpio is invented.
* Initiation Rites of the Cult of Bacchus, detail of a wall painting in the Villa of the Mysteries, Pompeii, is made (approximate date).
* The Roman Republic takes control of Judea (approximate date).

## Births

* Antonia, daughter of Mark Antony
* Gaius Antistius Vetus, Roman consul (d. 1 AD)
* Shammai, Jewish scholar and rabbi (d. 30 AD)

## Deaths

* Aristobulus II, king of Judea
* Quintus Hortensius, Roman orator and advocate (b. 114 BC)

## In fiction

* The Asterix comic books are all set around this year.