# Geneva County, Alabama

Geneva County is a county located in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2020 census, the population was 26,659. Its county seat is Geneva. The county was named after its county seat, which in turn was named after Geneva, New York which was named after Geneva, Switzerland, by Walter H. Yonge, an early town resident and Swiss native. Geneva County is a dry county. However, beer and wine are sold in the city limits of Geneva, Samson, Slocomb, and most recently in Hartford, after residents voted to become wet in a 2022 election.
Geneva County is part of the Dothan, AL Metropolitan Statistical Area.

## History

Geneva County was established on December 26, 1868.
The county was declared a disaster area in September 1979 due to damage from Hurricane Frederic.
On March 10, 2009, a gunman, identified as Michael McLendon, went on a shooting spree at nine locations in Geneva County from the town of Samson to the city of Geneva, killing ten people and wounding six others. McLendon entered his former place of employment, Reliable Metal Products on the northeastern side of Geneva, where he killed himself.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 579 square miles (1,500 km$^2$), of which 574 square miles (1,490 km$^2$) is land and 4.5 square miles (12 km$^2$) (0.8%) is water. The county is located in the Wiregrass region of southeast Alabama.
It is the fifth-smallest county in Alabama by total area.

### Major highways

* State Route 27
* State Route 52
* State Route 54
* State Route 85
* State Route 87
* State Route 103
* State Route 123
* State Route 153
* State Route 167
* State Route 196

### Adjacent counties

* Dale County (north-northeast)
* Houston County (east)
* Jackson County, Florida (southeast)
* Holmes County, Florida (south)
* Walton County, Florida (southwest)
* Covington County (west)
* Coffee County (north-northwest)

## Demographics
### 2020

Geneva County, Alabama – Racial and ethnic composition Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race. :
| Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2000 | Pop 2010 | Pop 2020 | % 2000 | % 2010 | % 2020 |
| White alone (NH) | 22,181 | 22,692 | 21,654 | 86.09% | 84.70% | 81.23% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 2,725 | 2,523 | 2,231 | 10.58% | 9.42% | 8.37% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 187 | 197 | 166 | 0.73% | 0.74% | 0.62% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 32 | 64 | 86 | 0.12% | 0.24% | 0.32% |
| Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 6 | 8 | 7 | 0.02% | 0.03% | 0.03% |
| Other race alone (NH) | 11 | 15 | 72 | 0.04% | 0.06% | 0.27% |
| Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) | 169 | 371 | 1,147 | 0.66% | 1.38% | 4.30% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 453 | 920 | 1,296 | 1.76% | 3.43% | 4.86% |
| Total | 25,764 | 26,790 | 26,659 | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 26,659 people, 10,383 households, and 6,902 families residing in the county.

### 2010

The 2010 United States census has the breakdown as:
* 86.3% White
* 9.5% Black
* 0.8% Native American
* 0.3% Asian
* 0.0% Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander
* 1.6% Two or more races
* 3.4% Hispanic or Latino (of any race)

### 2000

As of the census of 2000, there were 25,764 people, 10,477 households, and 7,459 families residing in the county. The population density was 45 people per square mile (17 people/km$^2$). There were 12,115 housing units at an average density of 21 units per square mile (8.1 units/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the county was 87.11% White, 10.65% Black or African American, 0.76% Native American, 0.12% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.62% from other races, and 0.72% from two or more races. 1.76% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 10,477 households, out of which 30.60% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.40% were married couples living together, 11.00% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.80% were non-families. 26.30% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.30% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 2.92.
In the county, the population was spread out, with 24.00% under the age of 18, 7.50% from 18 to 24, 26.80% from 25 to 44, 25.30% from 45 to 64, and 16.30% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.70 males. For every 100 women age 18 and over, there were 90.00 men.
The median income for a household in the county was $26,448, and the median income for a family was $32,563. Males had a median income of $26,018 versus $19,341 for females. The per capita income for the county was $14,620. About 15.90% of families and 19.60% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.20% of those under age 18 and 21.80% of those age 65 or over.

## Communities
### Cities

* Geneva (county seat)
* Hartford
* Samson
* Slocomb

### Towns

* Black
* Coffee Springs
* Malvern
* Taylor (partly in Houston County)

### Census-designated place

* Eunola

### Unincorporated communities

* Bellwood
* Chancellor
* Dundee
* Earlytown
* Fadette
* Hacoda
* High Bluff
* Highfalls
* Highnote

## Government and politics

Much like the state and the rest of the Deep South, Geneva County was locked for the Democrats before 1964, until Herbert Hoover won against Democrat nominee Al Smith in 1928 by 48 votes. However, ever since 1980, Geneva County has been a Republican stronghold. The last Democrat to carry the county was Deep South native Jimmy Carter in 1976.
Geneva is also noteworthy for being the best county in the country for Alabama native George Wallace in the 1968 election, where his main support was from the Deep South and was strongest in the Wiregrass and Piney Woods regions.
United States presidential election results for Geneva County, Alabama :
| Year | Republican | Republican | Democratic | Democratic | Third party(ies) | Third party(ies) |
| Year | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % |
| 2024 | 10,929 | 88.13% | 1,391 | 11.22% | 81 | 0.65% |
| 2020 | 10,848 | 86.47% | 1,595 | 12.71% | 102 | 0.81% |
| 2016 | 9,994 | 85.00% | 1,525 | 12.97% | 239 | 2.03% |
| 2012 | 9,175 | 80.97% | 2,039 | 17.99% | 117 | 1.03% |
| 2008 | 9,417 | 80.78% | 2,134 | 18.31% | 106 | 0.91% |
| 2004 | 8,342 | 79.30% | 2,113 | 20.09% | 65 | 0.62% |
| 2000 | 6,588 | 68.92% | 2,769 | 28.97% | 202 | 2.11% |
| 1996 | 4,725 | 52.60% | 3,174 | 35.33% | 1,084 | 12.07% |
| 1992 | 4,843 | 49.08% | 3,622 | 36.71% | 1,402 | 14.21% |
| 1988 | 5,703 | 67.32% | 2,685 | 31.69% | 84 | 0.99% |
| 1984 | 6,308 | 70.00% | 2,330 | 25.86% | 373 | 4.14% |
| 1980 | 4,747 | 49.30% | 4,703 | 48.85% | 178 | 1.85% |
| 1976 | 2,663 | 30.47% | 5,983 | 68.46% | 93 | 1.06% |
| 1972 | 5,851 | 84.33% | 1,049 | 15.12% | 38 | 0.55% |
| 1968 | 284 | 3.31% | 380 | 4.43% | 7,917 | 92.26% |
| 1964 | 4,502 | 80.74% | 0 | 0.00% | 1,074 | 19.26% |
| 1960 | 1,502 | 32.95% | 3,050 | 66.90% | 7 | 0.15% |
| 1956 | 1,179 | 28.63% | 2,841 | 68.99% | 98 | 2.38% |
| 1952 | 950 | 25.98% | 2,703 | 73.93% | 3 | 0.08% |
| 1948 | 286 | 13.47% | 0 | 0.00% | 1,837 | 86.53% |
| 1944 | 385 | 16.01% | 2,004 | 83.36% | 15 | 0.62% |
| 1940 | 364 | 12.37% | 2,565 | 87.19% | 13 | 0.44% |
| 1936 | 295 | 10.00% | 2,652 | 89.93% | 2 | 0.07% |
| 1932 | 270 | 9.53% | 2,559 | 90.33% | 4 | 0.14% |
| 1928 | 1,533 | 50.80% | 1,485 | 49.20% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1924 | 477 | 27.85% | 1,191 | 69.53% | 45 | 2.63% |
| 1920 | 1,088 | 41.65% | 1,488 | 56.97% | 36 | 1.38% |
| 1916 | 713 | 35.42% | 1,265 | 62.84% | 35 | 1.74% |
| 1912 | 99 | 6.44% | 891 | 57.93% | 548 | 35.63% |
| 1908 | 500 | 32.87% | 854 | 56.15% | 167 | 10.98% |
| 1904 | 473 | 31.12% | 743 | 48.88% | 304 | 20.00% |
| 1900 | 657 | 44.97% | 679 | 46.48% | 125 | 8.56% |
| 1896 | 46 | 3.40% | 1,246 | 92.16% | 60 | 4.44% |
| 1892 | 0 | 0.00% | 797 | 52.61% | 718 | 47.39% |
| 1888 | 5 | 0.63% | 794 | 99.37% | 0 | 0.00% |

## Education

There are two school districts including parts of the county: Geneva City School District and Geneva County School District.