OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Richard of San Germano

Richard of San Germano (Italian: Riccardo; before 1170 – after October 1243) was a notary in San Germano in the Latin Valley not far from the monastery of Monte Cassino between February 1186 and March 1232. He wrote a chronicle (sometimes Chronica regni Siciliae) of the Mezzogiorno from the death of William II of Sicily in 1189 to 1243. It is the fullest source of information on the Hohenstaufen in Italy.
Richard was a companion of Stephen of Marsia, the abbot of Montecassino, and dedicated his chronicle to him. His brother John was also a notary, though in the chancery of Emperor Frederick II. In the early 1220s, Richard was found in the service of Frederick, perhaps alongside his brother. In the late 1230s, Richard became an imperial Chamberlain (until 1242).
His chronicle was originally intended as a continuation of the Annales Casinenses. It is largely, but far from mostly, focused on the Terra Sancti Benedicti, the lands of the abbey of Montecassino. The first part was written beginning in 1216 and covers the time between the papal visit to San Germano and the death of Stephen of Marsia in July 1227. This survives in manuscript form in Bologna. Altered and expanded to stand on its own, the chronicle was finished after the Roman visit of Pope Innocent IV in October 1243. It then began with the conquest of Sicily by Henry VI. It is an important source for the War of the Keys (1228–1230).
Richard was personally involved in many of the events he recounts. Pope Innocent III visited his monastery in June 1208. He accompanied Stephen of Marsia to the Fourth Lateran Council in 1215. He was at the siege of Milan in 1239.

## Sources

* Ryccardi di Sancto Germano Notarii Chronicon, ed. C. A. Garufi in Rerum Italicarum Scriptores, 2nd edition. Bologna: 1938.
* The Chronicle of Richard of San Germano for 1189–1199, translated by G. A. Loud. Leeds: 2002.
# Bayanoteuthis

Bayanoteuthis is a dubious genus of possible belemnite, an extinct group of cephalopods. It dates from the Eocene, tens of millions of years after the rest of the group went extinct though this genus is often excluded from Belemnitida.
# P. Thangamani

P. Thangamani is an Indian politician and incumbent Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu from Kumarapalayam constituency. He was the minister of industry during 2011–16 elected from Kumarapalayam constituency. Currently, he is elected from same constituency from 2016 and he was the Minister of power of the Government of Tamil Nadu till May 2021. As a cadre of Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, he was elected to the same Tiruchengode constituency in the 2006 elections.

## Electoral Performance
### Tamil Nadu Legislative elections

| Elections | Constituency | Party | Result | Vote percentage | Opposition Candidate | Opposition Party | Opposition vote percentage |
| 2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election | Tiruchengode | AIADMK | Won | 40.30 | S. Gandhiselvan | DMK | 40.25 |
| 2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election | Kumarapalayam | AIADMK | Won | 56.59 | G. Selvaraju | DMK | 39.88 |
| 2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election | Kumarapalayam | AIADMK | Won | 55.20 | P. Yuvaraj | DMK | 29.84 |
| 2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election | Kumarapalayam | AIADMK | Won | 49.92 | M. Venkatachalam | DMK | 34.25 |
# 2020 Moss Side shooting

At about 12:30 am on 21 June 2020, two young men were shot dead at a street party in Moss Side, an inner-city area of Manchester in North West England.

## Background

The shooting took place at an afterparty, illegal under COVID-19 lockdown rules. The after party was an unplanned event that followed a Black Lives Matter barbecue that had been earlier held nearby, but was unconnected to this prior event, which peacefully finished at 20:00.

## Incident

During a night time street party in a car park in Moss Side at the junction of Caythorpe Street, Broadfield Road, and Bowes Street a man opened fire on those attending at about 00:30 BST, causing them to run screaming from the area. Gunshot was reported at a location on Caythorpe Street, with armed police responding to the scene at 01:00. They discovered a party attended by hundreds of people, in violation of COVID-19 lockdown guidelines in the country at the time. The police report that a "community event" had taken place in the area earlier in the day, and the party had been an unplanned after party but still had a DJ. A local resident said the party had begun at around 22:00 the night before, and that Moss Side was a peaceful neighbourhood with infrequent spikes of violent activity.

## Casualties

The two fatally wounded men self-presented at an Accident and Emergency department, either shortly before 01:00 (according to the police) or at about 01:30 (according to the Manchester Evening News). Both men, aged 21 and 36, died shortly after arriving at the hospital.

## Investigation

A murder investigation was opened the same day. On 26 June 2020, a 32-year-old Birmingham woman was arrested on suspicion of the murder of the two men. By September she had been released on bail, while a 25-year-old man had been arrested. A month later the police indicated they were looking for another suspect.
# Eno River

The Eno River, named for the Eno Native Americans who once lived along its banks, is the initial tributary of the Neuse River in North Carolina, United States. Descendants of European immigrants settled along the Eno River in the latter 1740s and early 1750s, including many Quakers from Pennsylvania. Several years after the 1752 creation of Orange County, the Orange County Court of Common Pleas & Quarter Sessions selected a site along the Eno River near the homes of James Watson and William Reed as the county seat, originally naming it Corbin Town, or Corbinton, after Francis Corbin, agent and attorney to John, Earl Granville. The Court met at James Watson's home along the Eno River from 1754 through 1756, when the courthouse at Corbinton was completed.
In 1759, officials changed the county seat's name from Corbinton to Childsburg, after another of Earl Granville's agents, Thomas Child. Finally, in 1766, officials changed the name to Hillsborough.
The Eno rises in Orange County. The river's watershed occupies most of Orange and Durham counties. The Eno converges with the Flat and Little Rivers to form the Neuse at Falls Lake, which straddles Durham and Wake counties.
The Eno is notable for its beauty and water quality, which has been preserved through aggressive citizen efforts. Though barely more than forty miles from its source to its convergence at the Neuse, the Eno features significant stretches of natural preservation. Through the combined efforts of the North Carolina State Parks System, local government, and private non-profit preservation groups, over 5,600 acres (23 km$^2$) of land have been protected in the Eno Basin, including Occoneechee Mountain State Natural Area, Eno River State Park, West Point on the Eno (a Durham City Park), and Penny's Bend State Nature Preserve (managed by the North Carolina Botanical Garden). The river is paralleled in the town of Hillsborough by several miles of the paved Riverwalk Trail, a segment of the North Carolina Mountains-to-Sea Trail.
Permitted recreational activities include swimming, hiking, fishing, canoeing, kayaking, and backcountry camping. Individual and group campsites are available.
Photographer Holden Richards captured the natural beauty of the Eno River in his 2021 book Riverwalk: A Decade Along the Eno.
# Staré Sedliště

Staré Sedliště is a municipality and village in Tachov District in the Plzeň Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,300 inhabitants.
Staré Sedliště lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) south-east of Tachov, 49 km (30 mi) west of Plzeň, and 129 km (80 mi) west of Prague.

## Administrative division

Staré Sedliště consists of five municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
* Staré Sedliště (745)
* Labuť (98)
* Mchov (42)
* Nové Sedliště (129)
* Úšava (176)

## Notable people

* Ernst Schmutzer (1930–2022), German theoretical physicist
# Murder of Stuart Rattle

Stuart Charles Rattle (16 November 1960 – 4 December 2013) was an Australian interior designer who was murdered by Michael Anthony O’Neill, his partner of 16 years, in their South Yarra home following an argument.

## Background

Rattle was the owner of Stuart Rattle Interior Design in Melbourne, a high-end interior design firm that catered to an affluent clientele. His work appeared in magazines such as Belle and on television programs such as Gardening Australia.
O’Neill, originally from Ireland, was working as a waiter at an Italian bistro when he met Rattle in the 1990s. O’Neill began working for Rattle's firm, where his responsibilities included accounting, quoting, invoicing and ordering stock for clients.

## Murder

On 4 December 2013, O’Neill struck Rattle with a frying pan and then strangled him with a dog leash after an argument. O’Neill pretended for the next five days that Rattle was still alive, sending text messages from Rattle's phone and telling friends Rattle was unwell. He then burned down the home and attempted to make it appear to be an accident involving candles. O’Neill confessed to killing Rattle when police found inconsistencies in his account of what happened.

## Trial

O’Neill pleaded guilty to one count of murder and one count of arson. He was diagnosed with ‘dependent personality disorder with prominent features of narcissistic personality disorder’ by his treating psychologist; defence counsel argued this was a mitigating factor, which the prosecution did not contest. O’Neill was sentenced to 18 years in prison with a non-parole period of 13 years.
Rattle's estate, worth one million dollars, was given to his parents after the court deemed O’Neill, the beneficiary of Rattle's will, ineligible to benefit.

## Books

The murder was the subject of the book Smoke and Mirrors by Robin Bowles.
Rattle's home was profiled in the book Stuart Rattle’s Musk Farm, featuring a foreword by Paul Bangay.
A tribute to Rattle appeared in Vogue Australia.
# Put My Heart Down

"Put My Heart Down" is a song written by Nathan Chapman, Andrew Dorff, and Liz Huett and recorded by American country music artist Sara Evans. It was released in September 2014 as the second and final single from Evans' 2014 album Slow Me Down. Originally, "Can't Stop Loving You" (a duet with Isaac Slade of The Fray) was announced as the second single with a release date of July 21, 2014. However, this release was later cancelled for unknown reasons, and "Put My Heart Down" was released instead.
Evans appeared on ABC's Nashville to perform a duet version of "Put My Heart Down" with Will Chase (who plays Luke Wheeler on the show) on October 29, 2014.

## Content

"Put My Heart Down" is a mid-tempo country song. The song is sung from the perspective of a woman who is in a toxic relationship telling her lover to leave because she's done trying to make it work. She acknowledges that it won't be easy and that it already hurts, but it's the right thing for him to do, so she insists he "put [her] heart down and walk away."
Evans said of the song that "this is one of those songs that gets stuck in your head and tickles your ears. [The character in the song is] saying, 'I have a feeling you're going to hurt me, but don't. Just be honest with me and tell me if you’re going to break my heart ('put my heart down') because I'm falling for you.'"

## Music video

The music video, directed by Peter Zavadil, was shot at the Riverwood Mansion in East Nashville on October 8, 2014, and made its premiere on Rolling Stone on November 25, 2014. In it, Evans is seen sitting on a couch inside a mansion surrounded by strings of lightbulbs both scattered on the floor and suspended from the ceiling. The singer said the reason for the lights is "to symbolize the light going off in her head. It's her being smart and realizing exactly what the relationship is. It's not that she has 100 percent courage to do this. [She's saying], 'I'll walk away, and you walk away… but you first. Don’t pursue me, because it's going to be hard for me to resist you.'"

## Chart performance

"Put My Heart Down" debuted at number 60 on the U.S. Billboard Country Airplay chart for the week of November 8, 2014, and ultimately reached a peak of number 57, only spending four weeks on the chart.
| Chart (2014) | Peak position |
| US Country Airplay (Billboard) | 57 |
# Jake Pates

Jake Pates (born July 30, 1998) is an American snowboarder. He competed in the halfpipe at the 2018 Winter Olympics.
# Gogukcheon of Goguryeo

King Gogukcheon (died 197, r. 179–197) was the ninth monarch of Goguryeo, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. According to Samguk sagi, King Gogukcheon's height was recorded as 9 chi.

## Family

* Father: King Sindae (신대왕; 新大王)
* Consort: Queen, of the U clan (왕후 우씨; 王后 于氏); daughter of U So (우소; 于素) – No issue.

## Background and reign

Gogukcheon was the second son of Goguryeo's eighth king, Sindae. Though his older brother, Go Balgi (고발기), was originally the crown prince, the court officials supported Gogukcheon, who was made crown prince in 176.
However, this record is an error caused by Kim Busik's erroneous quotation of 《Tongdian》, who thought that I-imo was the same person as King Gogukcheon, and the established theory in the Korean history academia is that King Gogukcheon's older brother Gobalgi[拔奇] and King Sansang's older brother Gobalgi[發岐] are the same person. And it is believed in the Korean history academia that King Gogukcheon was not the second son of King Sindae, but the first son of King Sindae.
In 180, Gogukcheon married Lady U, the daughter of U So of the Jena-bu, further consolidating central power. Lady U remained queen after her husband's death due to her marriage with Gogukcheon's brother and subsequent king Sansang. During his reign, the names of five 'bu', or powerful regional clans, become names of districts of the central kingdom, and rebellions by the aristocracy were suppressed, notably in 191.
In 184, Gogukcheon sent his younger brother, Prince Gye-su to fight the Chinese Han dynasty invasion force of the governor of Liaodong. Though Prince Gye-Su was able to block the army, the king later directly led his armies to repel Han forces in 184. In 191, King Gogukcheon adopted a meritocratic system for selecting government officials. As a result, he discovered many talented people from all over Goguryeo, the greatest of them being Ŭl P'a-so, who was given the position of Prime Minister.
The ancient text Samguk sagi says that Gogukcheon went hunting one day in 194 and encountered a starving village. He gave some of his clothes and food to one of the villagers, and felt that the starvation of his people was his responsibility. Gogukcheon worked to improve the lives of farmers and peasants in his kingdom. Jindae law is a grain loan system enacted by Gogukcheon in 194. This system allowed people to borrow grain from March to July and pay back in October. This system was maintained by the age of Joseon dynasty as "Hwangok", which indicates the law was highly preserved more than a thousand years.

## Death and succession

Though Gogukcheon's ascension signaled a change from fraternal succession to father-son succession by primogeniture, he was succeeded by his brother Sansang. Gogukcheon's posthumous name was derived from his burial area, Gogukcheon-won (故國川原,고국천원).

## In Popular Culture

* Portrayed by Ji Chang-wook in the 2024 TVING original series Queen Woo
# Aloe fimbrialis

Aloe fimbrialis is a succulent plant species from Zambia and possibly Tanzania. A very unusual Aloe as it forms a caudex which can grow to five centimeters in diameter, the leaves grow up to ten centimeters long. The inflorescence can reach 90 centimeters in length and has coral-pink flowers. It usually grows on termite mounds. Aloe fimbrialis is a very rare aloe, first discovered in 1964 and formally described by Susan Carter Holmes in 1996 from a herbarium specimens. Graham Williamson rediscovered the species in 2002 on the border of Zambia and Angola, close to the source of the Zambezi River.
# Rafael Guijosa

Rafael Guijosa Castillo (born 31 January 1969, in Alcalá de Henares) is a former Spanish handball player, and current manager of Iran men's national handball team. When playing for the Spanish national team, he won bronze medals both in the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta and in the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney.
Guijosa was voted World Player of the Year 1999 by the International Handball Federation.

## Career

Guijosa joined BM Guadalajara in the top Spanish league from CD Iplacea in 1989. In 1993 he joined Juventud Alcalá in Madrid. Here he reached the final of the Copa del Rey de Balonmano in 1994. The following summer he joined FC Barcelona, where he played until his retirement in 2002. With Barecelona he won many title, including the EHF Champions League 5 times.
At the 1999 World Championship he scored the second most goals.

## Coaching career

His coaching career sparted with the Spanish teams BM Alcobendas and Toledo BM, before he became the head coach of Iran. Here he won bronze medals at the 2014 Asian Championships. For a short while he was the coach of Iranian club Samen Al-Hojaj Sabzewar, but since the Iranian team decided to ban dual coaching positions, he resigned from that position.
In 2015 he returned to club handball to coach Ademar León. Here he was until 2019.
In August 2020 he took over the Qatari team Al-Arabi SC, where he won the 2020 Qatari championship.
In December 2023 he became the head coach of Rwanda. Here he led the team at their first ever African Championship in 2024, where the team finished 14th and won one match against Zambia. After 10 months he left the position to return as the head coach of Iran.
# Blanka Mikysková

Blanka Mikysková (born 28 October 1963) is a Czech rower. She competed in the women's quadruple sculls event at the 1988 Summer Olympics.
# Padenia bifasciatus

Padenia bifasciatus is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Rothschild in 1912. It is found in New Guinea.
# Francis Charles of Saxe-Lauenburg

Francis Charles of Saxe-Lauenburg (2 May 1594 – 30 November 1660 in Neuhaus) was a prince of Saxe-Lauenburg and a general during the Thirty Years' War.

## Life

Francis Charles was a son of the Duke Francis II of Saxe-Lauenburg (1547–1619) from his second marriage to Maria of Brunswick-Lüneburg.
In 1619, Francis Charles and his brothers confirmed in an inheritance contract that their elder half-brother Augustus would inherit all of Saxe-Lauenburg. Francis Charles went into military service, and after serving in various armies, he eventually joined the Protestant army of Count Ernst von Mansfeld. With this army, he fought in Bohemia against Emperor Ferdinand II. Three of his brothers served in the imperial army opposing him.
In 1623, Francis Charles' elder brother Julius Henry came to a reconciliation with the Emperor. At a meeting of Protestant Princes in Lauenburg upon Elbe in 1625, it was decided to put Lower Saxony under the protection of King Christian IV of Denmark against the Emperor and his Catholic League. Francis Charles recruited a new regiment for the Danish King and quartered it in his brother's neutral Saxe-Lauenburg, where his troops took a hostile stance. After Christian IV was defeated, Francis Charles asked Wallenstein to help him seek another reconciliation with the Emperor.
On 19 September 1628 Francis Charles married Agnes of Brandenburg, widow of the Duke Philip Julius of Pomerania-Wolgast. Again with the help of Wallenstein, his brother Francis Julius achieved, that his wife was allowed keep her jointure, the district of Barth. After King Gustavus II Adolphus of Sweden had landed in Pomerania in 1630, Francis Charles entered his service as a colonel. Francis Charles was captured at the residence of his brother Augustus in Ratzeburg by the imperial general Pappenheim, but was soon back in Swedish service as a colonel. After the death of Gustavus Adolphus, Francis Charles switched sides and joined the army of the Electorate of Saxony. This allowed him to reconcile with the Emperor once again.
In 1637, Francis Charles converted to Catholicism and entered the imperial service as a major general. After the death of his first wife, and after imperial mediation Francis Charles married on 27 August 1639 in Sopron Catherine of Brandenburg, the very rich widow of the Transylvanian prince Gábor Bethlen. His second wife sold all her Hungarian possessions and moved with her husband to Germany, where she died in 1649. Francis Charles remarried in 1651 Countess Elisabeth Christine of Meggau, widow of the Baron Adolf Christoph of Teuff. After leaving the military service he toured Italy. He died in Saxe-Lauenburgian Neuhaus and, despite his three marriages, he left only children born out of wedlock.

## Ancestry

Ancestors of Francis Charles of Saxe-Lauenburg :

## References and sources

* Johann Samuel Ersch: Allgemeine Encyclopädie der Wissenschaften und Künste in alphabetischer Folge, vol. 48, J. f. Gleditsch, 1848, p. 94 ff. (Digitized)
# 2006 Liechtenstein dogs referendum

A referendum on a new law on dogs was held in Liechtenstein on 5 November 2006. The proposal was approved by 63% of voters.

## Results

| Choice | Choice | Votes | % |
| For | For | 6,276 | 62.68 |
| Against | Against | 3,736 | 37.32 |
| Total | Total | 10,012 | 100.00 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 10,012 | 96.35 |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 379 | 3.65 |
| Total votes | Total votes | 10,391 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 17,828 | 58.28 |
| Source: Nohlen & Stöver ||||
# Pyotr Shchurovsky

Pyotr Andreyevich Shchurovsky (Russian: Пётр Андреевич Щуровский; 12/24 February 1850 – 14/27 September 1908) was a Ukrainian composer known for composing the music of Sansoen Phra Barami.

## Life

Shchurovsky was born on 12 February 1850, in Zolotonoshsky Uyezd, Poltava Governorate into a noble family. He spent his early life in Moscow and was interested in instruments and music when he was young. He studied piano and music theory at the Moscow Conservatory, whose director at the time was Nikolai Rubinstein. During that time he also befriended Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, regularly sending letters to each other. After finishing, he began conducting at the Imperial Theatres in Moscow and organised concerts and musical lectures.
In 1870, he became an opera band leader in Kharkiv. Later, he became the head of the Bolshoi Theatre, one of the most famous music theatres in Russia but then resigned to continue giving lectures on music. He dedicated his romance "To You, My Friend" to his long-time friend, Pavel A. Khokhlov, a famous Bolshoi Theatre soloist and baritone in Russia.
In 1888, he composed the music to Sansoen Phra Barami which would later become the de facto national anthem of Siam until 1932, where it is now used as the current royal anthem of Thailand.
In 1889, he moved to a farmstead in Shchigrovsky Uyezd, Kursk Governorate where his wife Vera Ivanovny (née Ofrosimova) owned an estate.
Shchurovsky sometimes translates works about music. Shchurovsky wrote a book about musical instructions and in 1890, he gathered different national anthems and published them as a book, titled "Сборник национальных гимнов всех государств света" (Collection of national anthems of all countries of the world)
Shchurovsky died on 14 September [O.S. 27 September] 1908 in Kursk. He is buried in the Vsehsvyatskoe Cemetery [ru], Tula.

## Works

Shchurovsky's works are mostly full of romances and music to poems:
* Моя баловница
* Богдан Хмельницкий
* Ночная дума
* Песнь Гассана
* Тебе мой друг
* Sansoen Phra Barami
* Ангел смерти
* Где твоё личико смуглое
* И моя звёздочка
* Когда печаль слезой невольной
* Летняя песня
* Mädchen mit dem roten Mündchen
* Мать в сердцах меня журила
* Моя баловница
* Не долго длились наши встречи
* Не ошиблася ты
* О, пойми, что любовь обладает
* Острою секирой
* Первая любовь
* Помнишь ли, милый
* Речная Лилея
* Романс Нины
* Saphire sind die Augen dein
* Сирота
* Совет девушке
* Только до слуха коснётся
* Убаюкай, родная, больную меня
* Вверху одна горит звезда
* Желания
* Желание
* Желанья
* Зимний вечер
* Звезда, не обмани