OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cuitláhuac

Cuitláhuac (Spanish pronunciation: , modern Nahuatl pronunciation) (c. 1476 – 1520) or Cuitláhuac (in Spanish orthography; Nahuatl languages: Cuitlāhuac, Nahuatl pronunciation:, honorific form: Cuitlahuatzin) was the 10th Huey Tlatoani (emperor) of the Aztec city of Tenochtitlan for 80 days during the year Two Flint (1520). He is credited with leading the resistance to the Spanish and Tlaxcalteca conquest of the Mexica Empire, following the death of his kinsman Moctezuma II.

## Biography

Cuitláhuac was the eleventh son of the ruler Axayacatl and a younger brother of Moctezuma II, the late Emperor of Tenochtitlan, who died during the Spanish occupation of the city. His mother's father, also called Cuitlahuac, had been ruler of Iztapalapa, and the younger Cuitláhuac also ruled there initially. Cuitláhuac was an experienced warrior and an adviser to Moctezuma, warning him not to allow the Spaniards to enter Tenochtitlan. Hernán Cortés imprisoned both Moctezuma and Cuitláhuac. Cortes had to leave the city in order to meet a Spanish force sent by Diego Velasquez, Spanish governor of Cuba. Following the massacre of Aztec elites when Cortés was away from Tenochtitlan, the Mexica besieged the Spanish and their indigenous allies. Cuitláhuac was released on the pretense to reopen the market to get food to the invaders. Moctezuma was stoned to death after trying to tell his people to withdraw from the battle between the Aztecs and the Spanish, and Cuitláhuac was elected tlatoani following the flight of the Spaniards and their allies from Tenochtitlan on June 30, 1520. Some sources claim he was serving in that role even before Moctezuma's death.
Cuitláhuac was ritually married to Moctezuma's eldest daughter, a ten- or eleven-year-old girl, who later was called Isabel Moctezuma.
Cuitláhuac ruled just 80 days, perhaps dying from smallpox that had been introduced to the New World by an African suffering from the disease who was part of Pánfilo de Narváez's expedition to capture Cortés. However, he played a really important role in the Aztec empire, and was best known for leading the Aztec resistance against the Spanish invaders. The early sources do not explicitly say from what he succumbed. Immediately after Cuitláhuac's death, Cuauhtémoc was made the next tlatoani.

## Legacy

The modern Mexican municipality of Cuitláhuac, Veracruz and the Mexico City Metro station Metro Cuitláhuac are named in honor of Cuitláhuac. The asteroid 2275 Cuitláhuac is also named after this ruler.
There is an Avenue in Mexico City Called Cuitláhuac (Eje 3 Norte) that runs from Avenue Insurgentes to Avenue Mexico-Tacuba and that is part of an inner ring; also many streets in other towns and villages in Mexico are so called.
# A. Sujanapal

A. Sujanapal (February 1, 1949 - June 23, 2011) was an advocate, social worker and Indian National Congress politician from Kerala, India. He represented Kozhikode North Assembly constituency in 9th and 11th Kerala Legislative Assembly. He was the Minister of Forests and Environment in the Kerala Cabinet in first Oommen Chandy ministry. He wrote several books including travelogues.

## Biography

A. Sujanapal was born on February 1, 1949, at Kozhikode, the son of freedom fighter A. Balagopalan and social activist Anandalakshmi. He was graduated from Zamorin's Guruvayoorappan College, Kozhikode and obtained his law degree from the Government Law College, Kozhikode.

### Personal life and death

Sujanapal and his wife Jayasree have two children. He died on June 23, 2011, due to complications of cancer, at a private hospital in Kozhikode.

## Political career

Sujanapal was active in politics from his school times. He entered politics through Kerala Students Union (KSU).
In addition to being the KPCC Treasurer and general secretary, Kozhikode District Congress Committee president and general secretary, president, of Kozhikode district Youth Congress Committee, he has also served as a syndicate member of University of Calicut and secretary of Friends of Soviet Union.
Sujanapal represented Kozhikode North Assembly constituency in 9th and 11th Kerala Legislative Assembly and was the Minister of Forests and Environment in the Kerala Cabinet in first Oommen Chandy ministry, from January 4, 2006. During the period 2001–2005, he also served as the chairman of Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions. He also served as the chairman of Kerala Legislative Assembly Library Committee. He has also contested in the Lok Sabha elections twice.
Sujanapal was also active in the cultural sphere of Kozhikode and was also the chief organizer of many such associations.

## Books written

* Karayaruthu Sahva Karayaruthu (in Malayalam). Mathrubhumi books. 2008. ISBN 9788182646872.
* Maranam Kaathukidakkunna kandal kaadukal. Kozhikode: Haritham books. 2005.
* Karutha Britain. Kottayam: Sahithya Pravarthaka Co-operative Society. 2001.
* Gandhisam Erupathonnam noottandil. Kozhikode: Paiyon books. 2001.
* യുദ്ധസ്മരണകളിലൂടെ ഒരു യാത്ര Yuddhasmaranakaliloode oru yathra (in Malayalam) (3 ed.). Kozhikode: Haritham books. 2011.
* Poruthunna Palestine (in Malayalam). 1983.
* Michelangelo: athmeeyathayude varna vasantham (in Malayalam). Mathrubhumi books. 2007. ISBN 8182643759.
* സുജനപാലിന്റെ യാത്രകൾ (Sujanapalinte Yathrakal) [Sujanapal's travels] (in Malayalam) (3 ed.). Kozhikode: Haritham books. 2015. Travelogue.
* Moonnam Lokam

## Legacy

In memory of him, the A. Sujanapal Memorial Educational and Cultural Center is giving Sujanapal Award since 2021. First award was given to Ramesh Chennithala.
# Lepista aposema

Lepista aposema is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Lars Kühne in 2010. It is found in Mozambique, South Africa, Eswatini and Zimbabwe.
# Midalja għall-Qlubija

The Medal for Bravery (Midalja għall-Qlubija) is an official honor of the Republic of Malta. It is awarded by the President of Malta, with the written approval of the Prime Minister of Malta, to individuals who have performed exceptional acts of bravery. The award is primarily presented to Maltese citizens but may be awarded to foreigners on an honorary basis for acts which merit recognition by Malta. The medal may be awarded posthumously.
Recipients of the medal are entitled to use the post-nominal M.R.Q.

## Appearance

The Medal for Bravery is a silver medal 40 mm (1.6 in) in diameter. In the first type, the obverse bears the Coat of Arms of Malta used between 1975 and 1988 superimposed over a 48 ray sunburst design. The second type changed the emblem for the Coat of Arms of Malta in 1988. The reverse depicts, in relief, a map of the Maltese Islands. The map is surrounded by a wreath. Below the wreath is the inscription Għall-Qlubija (For Bravery). Like the obverse, the reverse is also superimposed over a 48 ray sunburst design. The medal hangs from a bar suspension with the inscription 1975. The ribbon of the medal is 32 mm (1.3 in) wide half red and half white. When worn by a lady, the ribbon is fashioned into a bow.

## Recipients

From its creation in 1975 until 2016, eight medals have been awarded:
* PC Raymond Bonnici, M.R.Q. (1997)
* Ivan Ciantar, M.R.Q. (posthumously) (1997)
* PC Roger Debattista, M.R.Q. (posthumously) (2001)
* Mario Azzopardi, M.R.Q (2002)
* Richard Bates, M.R.Q. (2006)
* SSgt. Roger Mulvaney, M.R.Q. (2007)
* James Muscat, M.R.Q. (2009)
* Karl Curmi, M.R.Q. (2015)
# Markku Hakulinen

Markku Pauli Hakulinen (27 February 1956 – 9 October 1990) was a Finnish ice hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1980 Winter Olympics. Hakulinen died after jumping in front of a train in 1990.
# Alaa Shreiteh

Alaa Adeeb Abdel-Jabbar Shreiteh (Arabic: علاء أديب عبد الجبار شريتح, romanized: ‘alā’ adeeb ‘abd al jabbar shraytaḥ; 22 December 1979 – 4 May 2024) was a Palestinian militant. Born and raised in Tulkarm, he was the head of the Al-Qassam Brigades in the West Bank until his death. Having been imprisoned by Israel for 14 years until his release in 2016, he led the planning of several Palestinian offensive operations against Israeli forces during the Israel–Hamas war, one of the most notable being the attack on Route 557 in the Tulkarm Governorate, which caused several Israeli casualties and was the first recorded Palestinian operation in the West Bank in 20 years, leading to him becoming one of Israel's most wanted until his death in a gunfight in an Israeli raid on Deir al-Ghusun.

## Life and military career

Alaa Adeeb Abdel-Jabbar Shreiteh was born in Tulkarm, Palestine, on 22 December 1979, where he grew up and received his education.
He was arrested by Israel on 26 November 2002 for being a member of Hamas and for orchestrating attacks using improvised explosive devices during the Second Intifada. He faced "severe torture" during interrogation as reported by the Palestinian Prisoners Center for Studies, and was released on 24 March 2016 after spending 14 years in Israeli prison.
He married after his release, fathering three children. He later continued his university education in the domain of Islamic Sharia, which he could not complete due to his death.
He became a military commander in Palestine's West Bank, where he led the planning of various Palestinian military operations against Israel, notably the 2 November 2023 attack on Route 557, which was the first Palestinian military operation in the West Bank in 20 years. Shreiteh was then pursued by Israel, which raided his home several times before finally killing him on 4 May 2024.

## Death
### Battle

At around 11:00 (PSST) on 3 May 2024, Shreiteh and three other members of the Al-Qassam Brigades were surrounded by the Israeli army in a house in the town of Deir al-Ghusun in the Tulkarm Governorate, where a violent clash ensued between them, followed by the arrival of Israeli reinforcements with more than 50 military vehicles and four military bulldozers. The Israeli army kept the house surrounded for 15 hours, during which air and drone strikes were called on the house. After fully bulldozing the house with everyone inside with the military bulldozers, Israel announced that it had succeeded in killing Shreiteh and the three other members, alongside a fifth member whose identity remained unknown.

### Funeral

Shreiteh's body was buried in Turkalm on 15 May 2024 with the attendance of thousands of Palestinians after the identity of his body was confirmed through a DNA test. The funeral procession set off from the Martyr Dr. Thabet Thabet Governmental Hospital towards his home on Haddadeen Street, where he was given a "last farewell look". He was then transported to the Uthman Ibn Affan Mosque, where prayers were prayed on him, before burying him in the western cemetery.
# Abahattha

Abahaṭ‌ṭha, Abahatta or Avahaṭṭha (Sanskrit apabhraṣṭa 'corrupted', related to apabhraṃśa) is a stage in the evolution of the Eastern group of the Indo-Aryan languages. This group consists of languages such as Assamese, Bengali, Bhojpuri, Magahi, Maithili, and Odia. Abahatta is considered to follow the Apabhraṃśa stage—i.e. those Apabhraṃśas derived from Magadhi Prakrit.
After different business and trading classes, including the Jains, rose in power and influence at the end of the ninth century CE, the widespread speaking of classical Sanskrit waned. Apabhransa and Abahatta thus became very popular, especially amongst common people, functioning as a lingua franca throughout the north of the Indian subcontinent.
Abahatta, which existed from the 6th century to the 14th century, was contemporaneous with some Apabhraṃśas, as well as early modern languages, such as Old Odia, Old Bengali and Kamarupi Prakrit. Many poets, such as the Charyapada poets, who wrote dohas or short Buddhist religious verses, composed both in Abahatta and modern languages; the Maithili poet Vidyapati wrote his poem Kirtilata in Abahatta. Many works authored in Abahatta were translated into Sanskrit, while other texts were also written using multiple languages, such as Somprabha's Kumarpala-pratibodha in 1195.
The Abahattha stage is characterised by:
* Loss of affixes and suffixes.
* Loss of grammatical gender.
* Increased usage of short vowels.
* Nasalisation at the end or in the middle of words.
* The substitution of h for s.
# Fall of Baiji

The Fall of Baiji was a battle that took place in and around Baiji, Iraq in June 2014. It was fought between Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) forces and those of the Iraqi government. Its first stage included clashes in the city from 11 to 18 June. The second stage was fighting over the control of Baiji oil refinery from 18 to 21 June. Initially, ISIL captured both the town and parts of the refinery, but on 19 June 2014, the Iraqi Army reinstated full control of the refinery in a counter-attack. Fighting continued in Baiji until October 2015, when government forces finally established full control.

## Background

On 4 June 2014, the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) and its allies attacked Mosul launching their northern Iraq offensive. The following day, they started the Salahuddin campaign in Saladin. ISIL and its allies captured Mosul on 10 June 2014. after a six-day battle. When the city fell, there were reports that the group was advancing from Mosul to Kirkuk. After capturing the city, the group freed nearly 1,000 prisoners. On 11 June, ISIL and its allies also started the siege of Amirli.

## The battle

On 11 June, around 60 ISIL vehicles entered the city of Baiji. They set the main court house and police station on fire. They also took control of Baiji prison and freed all 2,400 inmates. Later that day, the militants reportedly retreated from Baiji, before the Iraqi Army's Fourth Armored Division arrived in the city, allegedly due to persuasion from local tribal leaders. However, the next day it was confirmed ISIL was still in control of the town.
On 18 June, ISIL attacked the oil refinery near Baiji. An official inside the refinery stated the militants had captured 75 percent of the facility, while a military spokesman claimed the attack had been repelled, with 40 militants killed. On 19 June, Iraqi government forces launched a counter-attack and claimed to have regained full control of the oil refinery after heavy fighting that left 100 militants dead. ISIL created watchtowers and checkpoints within Baiji. On 20 June 2014, ISIL forces surrounded the refinery and attacked it for a second time, but failed to capture it. They launched a third attack on 21 June, killing 36 Iraqi soldiers, but failed to recapture the refinery.

## Aftermath

On 29 October 2014, the operation to recapture the city of Baiji begun. Fighting continued for approximately a year until the Iraqi armed forces and the PMF fully liberated Baiji in October 2015. Since then, the city has been under Iraqi control but has faced periodic ISIL attacks. The city's infrastructure has been severely damaged by the prolonged fighting.
# Opinion polling for the 2027 Spanish local elections (Castile and León)

In the run up to the 2027 Spanish local elections, various organisations carry out opinion polling to gauge voting intention in local entities in Spain. Results of such polls for municipalities in Castile and León are displayed in this article. The date range for these opinion polls is from the previous local elections, held on 28 May 2023, to the day the next elections will be held, on 23 May 2027.
Polls are listed in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. Where the fieldwork dates are unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading party's colour. If a tie ensues, this is applied to the figures with the highest percentages. The "Lead" columns on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the parties with the highest percentages in a given poll.

## Municipalities
### León

| Polling firm/Commissioner | Fieldwork date | Sample size | Turnout | | | UPL | | | Lead |
| Metroscopia/UPL | 23–25 Oct 2024 | ? | ? | 36.2 11 | 27.9 8 | 22.1 6 | 8.2 2 | 3.5 0 | 8.3 |
| 2023 municipal election | 28 May 2023 | — | 60.6 | 35.2 11 | 29.0 9 | 19.1 5 | 8.9 2 | 3.4 0 | 6.2 |
# 23rd Japan Film Professional Awards

The 23rd Japan Film Professional Awards (第23回日本映画プロフェッショナル大賞) was the 23rd edition of the Japan Film Professional Awards. Films of 2013 which had not already won a major domestic film award were eligible. The ceremony took place on June 28, 2014 at Theatre Shinjuku in Tokyo.

## Awards

* Best Film: Bozo
* Best Director: Shūichi Okita [ja] (A Story of Yonosuke)
* Best Actress: Atsuko Maeda (Tamako in Moratorium)
* Best Actor: Kengo Kora (A Story of Yonosuke)
* Best New Director: Ryōhei Watanabe [ja] (Shady [ja])
* Best New Encouragement: Cast of Koi no Uzu [ja]
* Best New Actress: Mayuko Iwasa (Cult, Passion)
* Best New Male Actor: Shingo Mizusawa [ja] (Bozo)
* Special: Tetsuaki Matsue [ja] (Flashback Memories 3D)

## 10 best films

* Bozo (Tatsushi Ōmori)
* Koi no Uzu [ja] (Hitoshi Ōne [ja])
* A Story of Yonosuke (Shūichi Okita [ja])
* The Backwater (Shinji Aoyama)
* Flashback Memories 3D (Tetsuaki Matsue [ja])
* Tamako in Moratorium (Nobuhiro Yamashita)
* See You Tomorrow, Everyone (Yoshihiro Nakamura)
* Hello, My Dolly Girlfriend (Takashi Ishii)
* A Band Rabbit and a Boy (Takuji Suzuki [ja])
* Real (Kiyoshi Kurosawa)
# Marke, Belgium

Marke is a submunicipality of the city of Kortrijk, Belgium. It is part of the urban area of this city. As of the 2022 census, it has a population of 7,511. It is the second largest part of Kortrijk.
# Schuylkill Arsenal Railroad Bridge

Schuylkill Arsenal Railroad Bridge is a wrought iron, two-track, deck truss swing bridge across the Schuylkill River between the University City and Grays Ferry neighborhoods of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1885–86 by the Pennsylvania Railroad. Today, its swing span has been fixed shut, and the electrical catenary de-energized.
The bridge is named for the Schuylkill Arsenal, which operated from 1799 to 1926 near the bridge's eastern approaches. Its western approach runs past the University of Pennsylvania's Meiklejohn Stadium.
In January 2014, a CSX train carrying crude oil derailed on the bridge.

## Original bridge

The 1886 bridge replaced the original Arsenal Bridge, which was built by the Pennsylvania Railroad in 1861 and put in operation on January 27, 1862, as part of the Delaware Extension. It carried a single track over three wrought-iron spans on stone piers and a central center-pivot swing span.
# Schuylkill River Bridge

40°06′11″N 75°19′30″W﻿ / ﻿40.10306°N 75.32500°W﻿ / 40.10306; -75.32500
The Schuylkill River Bridge (also known as the Diamond Run Viaduct) is a bridge that carries the Pennsylvania Turnpike across the Schuylkill River.
This section of the Pennsylvania Turnpike, which is located between two major interchanges, became "the most heavily traveled four-lane section of the turnpike" following its opening, according to the Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission.

## History and architectural features

The length of the Schuylkill River Bridge is 1,224 feet (373 m). Built in 1954, it was rehabilitated during the 1990s, along with the Diamond Run Viaduct, in order to accommodate future travel needs. In mid-April 1993 and May 1995, meetings were sponsored by the Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission to enable members of the general public to review and provide feedback regarding a feasibility study that was being conducted by the commission and its design consultants to determine the potential for widening and rehabilitating both the Schuylkill River Bridge and the Diamond Run Viaduct." Commission members planned to widen the bridges "to accommodate an eventual expansion to six lanes" of the roadway between the Valley Forge Interchange and the Norristown Interchange, which were also known, respectively at that time, as exits 24 and 25 of the turnpike. The cost of the improvements were estimated at thirty million dollars.
The bridge was improved with a $34.5 million budget.
The bridge was widened as part of the general turnpike widening project that took place between the Norristown and Valley Forge exits between 1998 and 2000. An estimated 50,000 automobile users were impacted by the construction project.
# Scott Brownlee Covered Bridge

The Scott Brownlee Covered Bridge is a historic covered bridge in West Finley, Pennsylvania. It is designated as a historic bridge by the Washington County History & Landmarks Foundation.
# 1948 in Romania

Events from the year 1948 in Romania. The year saw the formalisation of the Romanian People's Republic.

## Incumbents

* President of the Provisional Presidium of the Republic: Constantin Ion Parhon.
* Prime Minister: Petru Groza.
* General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party: Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej.

## Events

* 28 March – The first elections held in the Romanian People's Republic are held. The People's Democratic Front gain 93.2% of the vote.
* 13 April – A new Constitution is adopted, introducing a "people's democracy."
* 14 May – at least 10.000 innocent romanian citizens are arrested and sentenced to death or prison for life by communist authorities. The football club FC Dinamo București is founded.
* 11 June – The Great National Assembly announces the nationalization of all industry, mines, banking and transportation.
* 30 August – The Securitate (Departamentul Securității Statului, Department of State Security) is found.

## Births

* 17 February – Valentin Ceaușescu, physicist.
* 19 July – Argentina Menis, Olympic-medal-winning discus thrower.
* 27 July – Fred Popovici, composer
* 3 August – Ioana Tudoran, Olympic-medal-winning rower.
* 13 August – Prince Paul, claimant to the Royal House of Romania.
* 28 November – Mariana Nicolesco, operatic soprano (died 2022).

## Deaths

* 2 February – Smaranda Brăescu, parachuting and aviation pioneer (born 1897).
* 27 February – Nicodim, Patriarch of All Romania between 1939 and 1948 (born 1864).
* 29 February – Constantin S. Constantin, major general during World War II, he died at Văcărești Prison (born 1889).
* 5 May – Sextil Pușcariu, linguist and philologist (born 1877).
* 16 June – Mircea Damian, prose writer and journalist (born 1899).
* 22 June – Ioan Simu, Greek-Catholic priest and politician (born 1875).
* 14 September – Constantin Angelescu, Prime Minister of Romania between 30 December 1933 and 3 January 1934 (born 1869).
* 13 December – Zaharia Bârsan, playwright, poet, and actor (born 1878).
* 19 December – Ella Negruzzi, lawyer and human rights advocate (born 1876).
# Seabrook Bridge

The Seabrook Bridge (officially the Senator Ted Hickey Bridge) is a medium-rise twin bascule, four-lane roadway bridge in New Orleans, Louisiana, carrying Lakeshore Drive, connecting Leon C. Simon Drive on the upper side of the bridge with Hayne Boulevard on the lower side. The bridge is operated and maintained by the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development (DOTD). It normally stays in the down position for vehicular traffic, but provides sufficient clearance for most marine traffic.