OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 2023 North Waziristan landmine attack

On 19 August 2023, a terrorist attack in the Gulmir Kot vicinity of North Waziristan, Pakistan, resulted in the death of 11 workers and caused injuries to two additional individuals. The explosion transpired as a vehicle transporting the laborers made contact with a concealed landmine. The wounded and deceased individuals were promptly transported to a nearby medical facility.

## Background

This attack follows closely after a significant suicide explosion in Bajaur, where a minimum of 63 individuals, including 23 children, died, and over 200 others were wounded. The Islamic State took credit for the explosion.

## Reactions

Caretaker Prime Minister Anwaar ul Haq vehemently denounced the incident, offering his heartfelt support to the afflicted families. Through a tweet, he conveyed his profound sorrow upon learning of the terrorist assault in North Waziristan.
# George Iype Kovoor

George Iype Kovoor (born 1957) is an Anglican clergyman. He has been Rector of St Paul's Episcopal Church in Darien, Connecticut since 2016.
Kovoor is from Tiruvalla, India, and studied at Delhi University. He was ordained in the Church of North India and emigrated to the United Kingdom in 1990. He served as Mission Education Director for the Church Mission Society, president of Crowther Hall from 1995 to 2005, and Principal of Trinity College, Bristol from 2005 to 2013. He was also Canon of Worcester Cathedral and Honorary Chaplain to the Queen. In 2013, Kovoor moved to the United States and became a fellow of Berkeley College, Yale University.
In 2017, members of the vestry of St Paul's attempted to remove Kovoor as rector, and initiated a lawsuit against Bishop Ian Douglas, who supported Kovoor. In 2020, the two sides reached a settlement, and Kovoor remained the rector.
# HTTP tunnel

HTTP tunneling is used to create a network link between two computers in conditions of restricted network connectivity including firewalls, NATs and ACLs, among other restrictions. The tunnel is created by an intermediary called a proxy server which is usually located in a DMZ.
Tunneling can also allow communication using a protocol that normally wouldn’t be supported on the restricted network.

## HTTP CONNECT method

The most common form of HTTP tunneling is the standardized HTTP CONNECT method. In this mechanism, the client asks an HTTP proxy server to forward the TCP connection to the desired destination. The server then proceeds to make the connection on behalf of the client. Once the connection has been established by the server, the proxy server continues to proxy the TCP stream to and from the client. Only the initial connection request is HTTP - after that, the server simply proxies the established TCP connection.
This mechanism is how a client behind an HTTP proxy can access websites using SSL or TLS (i.e. HTTPS). Proxy servers may also limit connections by only allowing connections to the default HTTPS port 443, whitelisting hosts, or blocking traffic which doesn't appear to be SSL.
The HTTP CONNECT method can not forward UDP connection.

### Example negotiation

The client connects to the proxy server and requests tunneling by specifying the port and the host computer to which it would like to connect. The port is used to indicate the protocol being requested.
If the connection was allowed and the proxy has connected to the specified host then the proxy will return a 2XX success response.
The client is now being proxied to the remote host. Any data sent to the proxy server is now forwarded, unmodified, to the remote host and the client can communicate using any protocol accepted by the remote host. In the example below, the client is starting SSH communications, as hinted at by the port number in the initial CONNECT request.

## HTTP tunneling without using CONNECT

A HTTP tunnel can also be implemented using only the usual HTTP methods as POST, GET, PUT and DELETE. This is similar to the approach used in Bidirectional-streams Over Synchronous HTTP (BOSH).
A special HTTP server runs outside the protected network and a client program is run on a computer inside the protected network. Whenever any network traffic is passed from the client, the client repackages the traffic data as a HTTP request and relays the data to the outside server, which extracts and executes the original network request for the client. The response to the request, sent to the server, is then repackaged as an HTTP response and relayed back to the client. Since all traffic is encapsulated inside normal GET and POST requests and responses, this approach works through most proxies and firewalls.
# 2011 Nigerian Senate elections in Kaduna State

The 2011 Nigerian Senate election in Kaduna State was held on April 9, 2011, to elect members of the Nigerian Senate to represent Kaduna State. Yusuf Datti Baba-Ahmed representing Kaduna North and Mohammed Saleh representing Kaduna Central won on the platform of Congress for Progressive Change, while Nenadi Usman representing Kaduna South on the platform of Peoples Democratic Party.

## Overview

| Affiliation | Party | Party | Total |
| Affiliation | CPC | PDP | Total |
| Before Election | | | 3 |
| After Election | 2 | 1 | 3 |

## Summary

| District | Elected Senator | Party |
| Kaduna North | Yusuf Datti Baba-Ahmed | CPC |
| Kaduna Central | Mohammed Saleh | CPC |
| Kaduna South | Nenadi Usman | PDP |

## Results
### Kaduna North

Congress for Progressive Change candidate Yusuf Datti Baba-Ahmed won the election, defeating other party candidates.
2011 Nigerian Senate election in Kaduna State :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | CPC | Yusuf Datti Baba-Ahmed | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | | |
| | CPC hold | CPC hold | CPC hold | CPC hold |

### Kaduna Central

Congress for Progressive Change candidate Mohammed Saleh won the election, defeating other party candidates.
2011 Nigerian Senate election in Kaduna State :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | CPC | Mohammed Saleh | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | | |
| | CPC hold | CPC hold | CPC hold | CPC hold |

### Kaduna South

Peoples Democratic Party candidate Nenadi Usman won the election, defeating party candidates.
2011 Nigerian Senate election in Kaduna State :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | PDP | Nenadi Usman | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | | |
| | PDP hold | PDP hold | PDP hold | PDP hold |
# Adal sheep

Adal is a domesticated breed of fat-tailed sheep from Ethiopia. They are bred mostly for their meat.

## Characteristics

The Adal is unicolored from white to dark brown. Average mature weight for a ram is 35 kg (77 lb) and a ewe 24 kg (53 lb). They have short ears, often appearing to have none. At birth, males are on average 2.54 kg (5.6 lb) and ewes 2.26 kg (5.0 lb).
This sheep breed is especially adapted to arid, dry climates. Rams and ewes are polled (hornless). The Adal is classified as a fat-tailed hair breed and has short, stiff fibers.
# Cryptaspasma phycitinana

Cryptaspasma phycitinana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Kenya and Tanzania.
The larvae feed on Ocimum suave.
# Yves Berendse

Yves Berendse (born 29 October 1993) is a Dutch singer from Zandvoort, North Holland.
In 2024, his song "Terug in de tijd" was number one in the Netherlands for six weeks.

## Career

Born in Haarlem and raised in Zandvoort, Berendse never had a professional ambition to be a singer. He worked at a sandwich shop. Then, on his 19th birthday, Berendse began singing during his party. While it started as a joke, he would continue to sing at parties on weekends. He finished his education at Hotelschool The Hague, then took singing lessons, performed at bars and wrote songs to develop his skills as a musician.
In 2015, he participated in the SBS6 talent competition Bloed, zweet & tranen, but was eliminated after one episode. He released two self-financed singles, which were picked up by AVROTROS and helped him sign with the label Dino Music. He released his debut album Het einde van het begin in 2018. Berendse had a stable fanbase with songs such as "Zin in jou" and "Lust", allowing him to sell out at a concert at Amsterdam's AFAS Live in November 2023.
Berendse's song "Terug in de tijd" went viral on TikTok in May 2024. In August, it reached number one on the Dutch Top 40, where it stayed for six weeks. The success of the song led to him playing two shows at the Ziggo Dome in June 2025.

## Discography
### Albums

List of studio albums, with selected chart positions :
| Title | Year | Peak chart positions |
| Title | Year | NLD |
| Het einde van het begin | 2018 | 50 |

### Singles

List of singles or releases, with selected chart positions :
| Title | Year | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Album |
| Title | Year | NLD Top 40 | NLD Single Top 100 | Album |
| "Zin in jou" | 2016 | — | 59 | Het einde van het begin |
| "Terug in de tijd" | 2024 | 1 | 1 | Non-album singles |
| "Alleen met jou" (with Emma Heesters) | 2024 | 11 | 9 | Non-album singles |
| "Vandaag ben ik van jou" | 2025 | 36 | 18 | Non-album singles |
# December 2021 Czech Social Democratic Party leadership election

A leadership election for the Czech Social Democratic Party (ČSSD) was held on 10 December 2021 following party's defeat in 2021 Czech legislative election. Incumbent leader Jan Hamáček didn't running for another term. Michal Šmarda was elected the new leader

## Background

ČSSD participated in 2021 Czech legislative election. It received only 4.65% votes and lost all its seats in the Chamber of Deputies. Leader Jan Hamáček announced he would resign as a result. Hamáček officially resigned on 25 October 2021. Date for leadership election was set on 10 December 2021. Minister of Labour and Social Affairs Jana Maláčová announced her candidacy on the same day. Jan Jukl announced his candidacy on 26 October 2021. Michal Šmarda announced his candidacy on 1 November 2021. He stated that he wants to create a believable team to lead the party. He gained support of Tomáš Petříček and Martin Netolický Šmarda was endorsed by Vysočina Regional organisation. On 9 November 2021 Jana Turoňová announced her candidacy. On 29 November 2021 it was announced that Miroslav Krejčík, Jaromír Landsman and Petr Jaďuď are also running.
On 8 December 2021 Prague organisation endorsed Maláčová.

## Candidates

* Petr Jaďuď, Economist.
* Jan Jukl, Director of Polička Library.
* Miroslav Krejčík, former Chief of military Intelligence.
* Jaromír Landsman, member of Pardubice organisation.
* Jana Maláčová, Minister of Labour and Social Affairs in Andrej Babiš' Second Cabinet.
* Michal Šmarda, Mayor of Nové Město na Moravě.
* Jana Turoňová, Member of Law Commission.

### Potential

* Martin Netolický, Governor of Pardubice Region was heavily speculated as candidate but he declined to run when he was asked by press following 2021 Czech legislative election which didn't stop speculations about his candidacy. He eventually supported Šmarda.
* Jiří Paroubek former party leader and former Prime Minister of the Czech Republic expressed interest but as a party non-member he is ineligible to run.

## Voting

Voting was held on 10 December 2021. Jaďuď, Jukl, Landsman and Turoňová withdrawn from the election. 233 delegates voted. 130 delegates voted for Šmarda. Maláčová received 62 votes and Krejčík 41.
| Candidate | Vote | % |
| Michal Šmarda | 133 | 55.79 |
| Jana Maláčová | 62 | 26.61 |
| Miroslav Krejčík | 41 | 17.60 |
# Nap (disambiguation)

A nap is a short period of sleep.
Nap or NAP may also refer to:

## People

* Henry Botterell (1896–2003), Canadian World War I fighter pilot nicknamed "Nap"
* Nap Kloza (1903–1962), American baseball player and manager
* Nap Lajoie (1874–1959), American Hall-of-Fame Major League Baseball player
* Nap Milroy (1922–2012), Canadian ice hockey player
* James Napoli (1911–1992), New York mobster nicknamed "Jimmy Nap"
* Nap Reyes (1919–1995), Cuban-born Major League Baseball player
* Nap Rucker (1884–1970), American Major League Baseball pitcher

## Sports and games

* Cleveland Naps, former name of Cleveland Guardians baseball team
* Napoleon (card game) or Nap, a popular card game
* Nap, a tipster's "racing certainty"

## Other uses

* Nap (fabric), the raised surface of velvet, etc.
* "The Nap", an episode of TV sitcom Seinfeld
* Nap TV, a Hungarian television production company

## NAP
### Codes

* Naples International Airport, IATA code NAP
* Neapolitan language, ISO 639-2/3 code nap, spoken in southern Italy
* Narragansett Pier Railroad, reporting mark NAP

### Politics and government

* National Action Party (disambiguation)
* National action plan (disambiguation)
* National Action Plan on the Elimination of Child Labour
* National Adaptation Programme, required by the UK 2008 Climate Change Act
* National Alliance Party (disambiguation)
* National Alliance Party (Papua New Guinea), formed in 1995
* National Allocation Plan, part of the European Union Emission Trading Scheme
* National Archives of Pakistan
* National Action Plan (Pakistan), to combat terrorism
* National Awami Party, Pakistan, 1957-early 1970s
* Network Against Prohibition, Australian drug law reform group
* New Alliance Party, US, 1979–1993
* Non-aggression principle
* Non-aggression pact
* Noninsured Assistance Program, a US program for farmers
* North Australia Party
* Nutrition Assistance for Puerto Rico

### Science, technology, and medicine

* Network access point, a public facility for connection between ISPs
* Network Access Protection, a computer security technology
* Nautical Archaeology Program of Texas A&M University
* Amsterdam Ordnance Datum (Normaal Amsterdams Peil), a geodetic datum
* Naphthylaminopropane, a monoamine-releasing drug

### Other

* Auteuil-Neuilly-Passy, an area of Paris sometimes abbreviated as NAP
* Nagaland Armed Police, India
* National Academies Press, a science publisher
* National Association of Parliamentarians
* Naval Aviation Pilot, an enlisted U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps pilot (until 1981)
* Nebraska AIDS Project
* New African Poets, a French hip hop group
* Non-aggression Pact (band), an American urban-electro-industrial music group, abbreviated as N.A.P.
* North American Pairs, an annual contract bridge competition
* North AmeriCare Park, a former name of Sahlen Field, is a baseball park in Buffalo, New York
* Noyautage des administrations publiques, an arm of the French Resistance
# McHardy

McHardy is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alexander Anderson McHardy (1868–1958), British Army general
* Allan McHardy (1914–1986), Australian rules footballer
* Emmet Charles McHardy (1904–1933), New Zealand Catholic missionary
* Fiona McHardy, English classical scholar
* George McHardy (fl. 1890s), Scottish footballer
* Hugh McHardy (fl. 1885), Scottish international footballer
* Iain McHardy (1913–2000), Scottish clergyman
* Roger McHardy (born 1952), Australian rules footballer
* Scott McHardy (born 1970), New Zealand cricketer
* Todd McHardy (born 1977), Australian rules footballer
* William McHardy (1911–2000), Scottish biblical scholar
* William McHardy (diamond magnate) (1846–1913), Scottish-South African diamond magnate

## Other uses

* Geniatech v. McHardy, a 2018 German court case looking at licensing infringements in relation to the Linux kernel
# Olzhas Kerimzhanov

Olzhas Bakytzhanuly Kerimzhanov (Kazakh: Олжас Бақытжанұлы Керімжанов, Oljas Baqytjanūly Kerımjanov; born 16 May 1989) is a Kazakhstani professional footballer who plays for Atyrau.

## International

He was first called up to Kazakhstan national football team in June 2019 for games against Belgium and San Marino, but remained on the bench. He made his debut on 13 October 2019 in a Euro 2020 qualifier against Belgium. He started the game and played the whole game as Kazakhstan lost 0–2.
# 2011 Nigerian Senate elections in Kebbi State

The 2011 Nigerian Senate election in Kebbi State was held on April 9, 2011, to elect members of the Nigerian Senate to represent Kebbi State. Isah Mohammed Galaudu representing Kebbi North, Abubakar Atiku Bagudu representing Kebbi Central and Mohammed Magoro representing Kebbi South all won on the platform of Peoples Democratic Party.

## Overview

| Affiliation | Party | Party | Total |
| Affiliation | PDP | ACN | Total |
| Before Election | | | 3 |
| After Election | 3 | – | 3 |

## Summary

| District | Elected Senator | Party |
| Kebbi North | Isah Mohammed Galaudu | PDP |
| Kebbi Central | Abubakar Atiku Bagudu | PDP |
| Kebbi South | Mohammed Magoro | PDP |

## Results
### Kebbi North

Peoples Democratic Party candidate Isah Mohammed Galaudu won the election, defeating other party candidates.
2011 Nigerian Senate election in Kebbi State :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | PDP | Isah Mohammed Galaudu | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | | |
| | PDP hold | PDP hold | PDP hold | PDP hold |

### Kebbi Central

Peoples Democratic Party candidate Abubakar Atiku Bagudu won the election, defeating other party candidates.
2011 Nigerian Senate election in Kebbi State :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | PDP | Abubakar Atiku Bagudu | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | | |
| | PDP hold | PDP hold | PDP hold | PDP hold |

### Kebbi South

Peoples Democratic Party candidate Mohammed Magoro won the election, defeating party candidates.
2011 Nigerian Senate election in Kebbi State :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | PDP | Mohammed Magoro | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | | |
| | PDP hold | PDP hold | PDP hold | PDP hold |
# The Train Now Departing

The Train Now Departing: Twenty Years After the End of Steam is a 1988 BBC Two documentary series about railways that was broadcast 20 years after the end of steam on British Railways. It was written and narrated by Anthony Smith. A book to accompany the series was also published by BBC Books with photographs by Ivo Peters.
There were six 30 minute episodes:
* The Long Drag (about the Settle–Carlisle line
* The West Highlander (about the West Highland Line)
* The Holiday Line (about the Waterloo to Exmouth route)
* Steam on the Isle of Man (about the Isle of Man)
* Lines of Industry (about industrial railways)
* The Survivors (about preserved railways)
# Ivan Potekhin

Ivan Potekhin (Russian: Иван Потехин, born 8 April 1981 in Dzerzhinsk) is a Russian Paralympic 7-a-side footballer.
Potekhin participated in the 2004, 2008 and 2012 Summer Paralympics.
# Jurij Kohl

Jurij Kohl (born May 17, 1975 in Jambyl, Kazakh SSR) is a retired amateur German Greco-Roman wrestler, who competed in the men's lightweight category. He achieved top five finishes in the 60-kg division at the European Championships, and also represented his nation Germany at the 2004 Summer Olympics. Before his competitive sporting career ended in 2012, Kohl trained full-time as a member of the wrestling club for KSV Köllerbach and ASV Mainz 88, under his personal coach Frank Hartmann. Born and raised in the former Soviet Union, Kohl also held a dual citizenship to compete for Germany in numerous wrestling tournaments, including the Olympic Games.
Kohl qualified for his naturalized German squad in the men's 60 kg class at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens by receiving a berth and rounding out the top ten spot from the 2003 World Wrestling Championships in Créteil, France. He lost two straight matches each to Russian wrestler and two-time Olympian Aleksey Shvetsov (0–7) and China's Ai Linuer with a 2–3 sudden death decision, leaving him on the bottom of the pool and finishing nineteenth overall in the final standings.
# Jayar Davidov

This page is subject to the extended confirmed restriction related to the Arab-Israeli conflict.
Jayar Davidov (Hebrew: ג'יי אר דוידוב; 8 October 1979 – 7 October 2023) was an Israeli police officer who was a police commander in Rahat and a Chief Superintendent in the Israel Police. Davidov was killed in the stand-off in Ofakim during the Israel–Hamas war.

## Career

Davidov began his service as an officer with the Israel Border Police and later served as head of the police station in Ramat Negev and as Intelligence Officer in Be'er Sheva.
In 2019, he was appointed commander of the Central Unit of Lakhish, one of the three units comprising the South District. Within the scope of the region were the top organized crime syndicates, including numerous mafia organizations originating from Russia, Georgia and the Caucasus, as well as local Israeli crime bosses. With dozens of indictments against high-profile felons and their physical removal from the region, he was "the terror of organized crime in Israel". In 2021, the Central Unit under his command was awarded a citation of excellence by the Police Commissioner. In December 2022, he assumed position as chief of police in the city Rahat, the only municipality in Israel of the Bedouin community with the status of a city.

## Death

On 7 October 2023, he was killed along with three of his officers in a shooting battle with Palestinian militants in the vicinity of Ofakim during the outbreak of the Israel–Hamas war. At the time of his death, he was designated to lead the founding of a new Central Unit for the entire South District. At the time of his death, Davidov was a Chief Superintendent.
# AfricaRail

AfricaRail is a project to link the 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) gauge railway systems of Ivory Coast, Burkina Faso, Niger, Benin and Togo. A future proposal is to link Mali, Senegal, Nigeria and Ghana—which have different gauges—to the system.

## Description

AfricaRail is a project that proposes to link the railway systems of Ivory Coast, Burkina Faso, Niger, Benin and Togo. These are all 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) gauge.
A future stage is proposed to link Mali, Senegal, which are also 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) gauge; Nigeria and Ghana have a different narrow gauge of 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) but are converting to 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in).

## History
### 2015

Various links.
* West African rail loop of 2740 km.
* Abidjan to Ouagadougou line.
* proposed new line linking Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso to Niamey in Niger.
* proposed new line linking Niger and Parakou in Benin.
* rehabilitation of the existing line to Cotonou in Benin.
* new link to Lomé in Togo.
On 8 April 2019 Ghana's Ministry of Railways Development reached an agreement with GERC to construct the 340 kilometres (210 mi) Tema - Accra - Koforidua - Kumasi eastern line.
In 2020 the government of Ghana ordered new standard gauge rail equipment, and the Ghana Eastern SG line was approved.
In 2022, the businessman Jeremie Taieb became the Head of the Strategic Steering Committee, in order to finance the project with international donors.