OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1885 in animation

Events in 1885 in animation.

## Events

* Until Autumn 1885: From spring 1884 to Autumn 1885, Eadweard Muybridge and his team produced over 100,000 images, mostly at an outdoor studio on the grounds of the University of Pennsylvania's northeast corner of 36th and Pine, recording the motions of animals from the veterinary hospital, and from humans: University professors, students, athletes, Blockley Almshouse patients, and local residents. Thomas Eakins worked with him briefly, although the painter preferred working with multiple exposures on a single negative, whereas Muybridge preferred capturing motion through the use of multiple cameras. Since 1879, Muybridge was working on the zoöpraxiscope (animal action viewer), a projection device that created cyclical animations of animal movement, incorporating technologies from photography, the magic lantern and the zoetrope. The photographer created painted sequences on the glass zoöpraxiscope discs that were based on his motion-study photographs to produce an early form of animation. Muybridge used these to illustrate his lectures that were presented to audiences in the U.S. and Europe, marking his contribution to photography and film in relation to the "experience of time within modernity."

## Births
### January

* January 28: Bert Green, British animator and comics artist (International Film Service), (d. 1948).

### February

* February 22: Pat Sullivan, Australian animator, cartoonist, and film producer (Felix the Cat), (d. 1933).

### April

* April 3: Bud Fisher, American cartoonist (creator of the comic strip Mutt and Jeff, credited as the writer, animator, and director of the strip's animated adaptations which were released by the Fox Film Corporation, although the majority of the animation was instead created by Raoul Barré and Charles Bowers), (d. 1954).

### August

* August 6: Harry O. Hoyt, American film director and screenwriter, pioneer in the use of stop-motion animation as special effects in film, (director of the film The Lost World, known primarily for its use of stop-motion animation), (d. 1961).

### September

* September 14: Ashton B. Collins Sr., American inventor and marketer (creator of the character Reddy Kilowatt, producer on the animated film Reddy Made Magic, produced and released by Walter Lantz Productions), (d. 1976).
* September 27: Clarence Wheeler, American composer (wrote music for Walter Lantz's and George Pal's cartoons, as well as Crusader Rabbit and Gumby), (d. 1966).

### December

* December 22: Deems Taylor, American composer master of ceremonies in Fantasia, (d. 1966).
# 1896 in animation

Events in 1896 in animation.

## Events

* March 14 – W. Symons received British Patent No. 5,759 for a technique that was used about two years later for the oldest known publication that used a line-sheet to create the illusion of motion in pictures. It is an early use of stereography.
* May – Auguste Berthier published an article about the history of stereoscopic images in French scientific magazine Le Cosmos, which included his method of creating an autostereogram. Alternating strips from the left and right image of a traditional stereoscopic negative had to be recomposed as an interlaced image, preferably during the printing of the image on paper. A glass plate with opaque lines had to be fixed in front of the interlaced print with a few millimeters in between, so the lines on the screen formed a parallax barrier: from the right distance and angle each eye could only see the photographic strips shot from the corresponding angle. The article was illustrated with a diagram of the principle, an image of the two parts of a stereoscopic photograph divided into exaggerated wide bands, and the same strips recomposed as an interlaced image. Berthier's idea was hardly noticed.

## Births
### January

* January 15: Marjorie Bennett, Australian actress (voice of Duchess in One Hundred and One Dalmatians), (d. 1982).
* January 24: Yasuji Murata, Japanese animator, master of cutout animation (produced dozens of mostly educational films, featuring characters such as Momotarō and Norakuro), (d. 1966).

### May

* May 3: Dodie Smith, English novelist and playwright, (her children's novel The Hundred and One Dalmatians was adapted into the animated film One Hundred and One Dalmatians), (d. 1990).
* May 18: Hans Fischerkoesen, German commercial animator pioneered the use of three-dimensional elements in animation (Fischerkoesen Studios, Verwitterte Melodie (Weather-Beaten Melody), Der Schneemann (The Snowman), Das dumme Gänslein (The Silly Goose) ), (d. 1973).

### June

* June 21: Bob McCay, American cartoonist, illustrator, comic book colorist and inker, (assistant for his father Winsor McCay, he received sole credit for several of his father's cartoons, including an animated film), (d. 1962).

### July

* July 2: Quirino Cristiani, Italian-born Argentine animation director and cartoonist, created the world's first two animated feature films, and the first animated feature film with sound, pioneer of cutout animation, (El Apóstol, Sin dejar rastros, Firpo-Dempsey, Peludópolis, El mono relojero), (d. 1984).

### November

* November 3: Gustaf Tenggren, Swedish-American illustrator and animator, (Walt Disney Animation Studios), (d. 1970).
* November 16: Jim Jordan, American actor (voice of Orville in The Rescuers), (d. 1988).

## Deaths
### Specific date unknown

* Mary Fenton, Anglo-Indian actress, (presented her own magic lantern show before receiving training in singing and acting during the 1870s), dies at age 41–42.
# 1902 in animation

Events in 1902 in animation.

## Events

* Date uncertain - Nuremberg toy companies Gebrüder Bing and Ernst Plank were offering chromolithographed film loops for their toy kinematographs. The films were traced from live-action film footage. The technique is a precursor of rotoscoping.

## Films released

* April 3 - Fun in a Bakery Shop: Edwin S. Porter used stop-motion animation to depict clay loaves being sculpted into faces. The film's plot was only the pretext of showcasing the skills of a fast sculptor.

## Births
### February

* February 9: Fred Harman, American animator, cartoonist, and illustrator (Kansas City Film Ad Company, business partner of Walt Disney), (d. 1982).

### April

* April 27: Harry Stockwell, American actor and singer (voice of the Prince in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs), (d. 1984).

### June

* June 17: Sammy Fain, American composer (Walt Disney Animation Studios), (d. 1989).
* June 20: Antoine Payen, French animator, and illustrator (Les Enfants du Ciel, Cri-Cri, Ludo et l'orage), (d. 1985).
* June 30: Tom Palmer, American animator, animation director, and training film supervisor (Walt Disney Productions, Walter Lantz Studio, Warner Bros. Cartoons, creator of Buddy).

### July

* July 13: Dan Gordon, American comics artist, animator, director and screenwriter (Van Beuren Studios, Fleischer Studios, Famous Studios, Hanna-Barbera), (d. 1970).

### September

* September 2: Norm Ferguson, American animator and sequence director, (Walt Disney Company, designed Peg-Leg Pete, the Big Bad Wolf, and Pluto, served as the primary animator of the witch in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs), (d. 1957).
* September 25: Al Hoffman, American composer (Walt Disney Animation Studios), (d. 1960).

### October

* October 2: William Timym, Austrian-English animator and comics artist (Bleep and Booster, and Bengo the Boxer), (d. 1990).

### November

* November 1: Vivie Risto, American animator and comics artist (Walt Disney Company, Warner Bros Cartoons, Hanna-Barbera), (d. 1981).
* November 22: Ethel Smith, American organist (played organ during the "Blame It on the Samba" segment in Melody Time), (d. 1996).
* November 23: Victor Jory, Canadian-American actor (narrator in Tubby the Tuba), (d. 1982).

### December

* December 14: Frances Bavier, American actress (model for Flora in Sleeping Beauty), (d. 1989).
* December 19: Ralph Richardson, British actor (voice of Chief Rabbit in Watership Down), (d. 1983).
* December 25: Vera Tsekhanovskaya, Russian animation director and illustrator (Belgoskino, Lenfilm, directed The Wild Swans), (d. 1977).
* December 27: Carman Maxwell, American animator, production manager and actor (Laugh-O-Gram Studio, Walt Disney Animation Studios, Warner Bros. Cartoons, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer cartoon studio, animated Oswald the Lucky Rabbit, voiced Bosko), (d. 1987).

### Date uncertain

* Fred Brunish, American painter and animator (Walter Lantz), (d. 1952).
* Enrique Riveron, Cuban-American cartoonist, animator and comics artist (Walt Disney Animation Studios), (d. 1998).
* Brian White, British animator and comics artist (Bonzo the Dog, Jerry the Tyke, Animal Farm), (d. 1984).
# 1587 in art

Events from the year 1587 in art.

## Events

* Statue of Trajan is replaced, by order of Pope Sixtus V, with the statue of Saint Peter on the Column of Trajan.

## Paintings

* Matteo Perez d'Aleccio - Saint Christopher (Church of San Miguel, Seville)
* Francken – Jesus among the Doctors

## Births

* April 26 (baptized) - Abraham van der Haagen, Dutch painter (died 1639)
* May - Esaias van de Velde, Dutch landscape painter (died 1630)
* December 8 (bapt.) - Martin Ryckaert, Flemish landscape painter (died 1631)
* date unknown
** Francesco Allegrini da Gubbio, Italian painter of the Baroque period (died 1663)
** Matteo Ingoli, Italian painter of the early-Baroque period (died 1631)
** Claes Jansz. Visscher, Dutch genre painter (died 1652)
* probable
** George Jamesone, Scottish portrait painter (died 1644)
** Filippo Napoletano, Italian artist of diverse paintings of exotic soldiers, skeletons of animals, or cityscapes (died 1629
** Bartolomé Román, Spanish Baroque painter known for his series of archangels (died 1647)
** Giovanni Battista Vanni, Italian painter and engraver (died 1660)

## Deaths

* May 3 - Lelio Orsi, Italian Renaissance painter of the Reggio Emilia school (born 1511)
* September 25 - Giovanni Battista Fontana, Italian painter and engraver (born 1524)
* date unknown
** Giovanni Anastasi, Italian painter (born 1540)
** Lazzaro Calvi, Italian painter who frequently collaborated with his brother (born 1512)
** Antonio Campi, Italian painter (born 1522)
** Annibale Fontana, Italian sculptor and medallist (born 1540)
** Giovanni Battista della Marca, Italian painter (born 1532)
** Plautilla Nelli, Italian painter (born 1523)
** Juan Valverde de Amusco, Italian anatomist and engraver (born 1525)
* probable - Caterina van Hemessen, Flemish Renaissance painter (b. 1528)
# Acacia echinuliflora

Acacia echinuliflora is a tree belonging to the genus Acacia and the subgenus Juliflorae that is native to northern Australia.

## Description

The tree typically grows to a maximum height of 4 to 8 m (13 to 26 ft). It has dark brown to black coloured bark that is fibrous and shaggy. It has resinous, terete, reddish brown coloured branchlets. Like most species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The evergreen, thinly coriaceous and glabrous phyllodes have a narrowly elliptic or oblanceolate shape and are straight or slightly curved. The flat, shiny phyllodes have a length of 9 to 18.5 cm (3.5 to 7.3 in) and a width of 6 to 14 mm (0.24 to 0.55 in) wide with a prominent midrib and two secondary nerves. It blooms between June and August producing golden flowers. The cylindrical flower-spikes occur singly or in pairs in the axils and have a length of 5 to 7 cm (2.0 to 2.8 in) with bright yellow to golden flowers. Following flowering straw-coloured and resinous seed pods form that have a linear to oblong shape and are straight to undulate and raised over seeds alternately on each side with a length of 7 to 9 cm (2.8 to 3.5 in). The brown or black seeds inside are arranged transversely and have an obloid or ellipsoidal shape.

## Distribution

It is endemic to the Northern Territory where it is commonly found along the escarpments in the western portion of Arnhem Land in the north and down to Nitmiluk National Park in the south where it grows in sandy soils that are part of creeks and streams that are responsible for draining the escarpment.
# 1705 in art

Events from the year 1705 in art.

## Events

* The Venetian painter Rosalba Carriera becomes the first woman elected to the Accademia di San Luca in Rome.

## Paintings

* Federiko Benković – Juno on the Clouds
* Michael Dahl – Queen Anne
* Sebastiano Ricci
** The Battle of the Lapiths and the Centaurs
** The Vision of St. Bruno

## Births

* February 15 – Charles-André van Loo, French subject painter (died 1765), and a younger brother of Jean-Baptiste van Loo
* June 1 – Carl Marcus Tuscher, German-born Danish polymath, portrait painter, printmaker, architect, and decorator (died 1751)
* August 18 – Emanuel Büchel, Swiss painter (died 1775)
* date unknown
** Jean Barbault, French painter and engraver (died 1765/1766)
** Andrés de la Calleja, Spanish painter (died 1785)
** Andrea Casali, Italian painter of the Rococo period (died 1784)
** Carlo Costanzi, Italian gem engraver of the late-Baroque period (died 1781)
** Claude Drevet – French portrait engraver (died 1782)
** Robert Feke, American painter (died 1750)
** Johan Graham, painter from London active in The Hague and Amsterdam (died 1775)
** Matthäus Günther, German painter and artist of the Baroque and Rococo era (died 1788)
** Jakob Klukstad, Norwegian wood carver and painter (died 1773)
** José Ramírez de Arellano, Spanish Baroque architect and sculptor (died 1770)
** 1704/1705: Jan Jerzy Plersch, Polish sculptor of German origin (died 1774)

## Deaths

* January 5 – Georg Christoph Eimmart, German draughtsman and engraver (born 1638)
* January 12 – Luca Giordano, Italian late Baroque painter and printmaker in etching (born 1634)
* March 28 – Gaspard Rigaud, French painter and portraitist (born 1661)
* June 16 – Adriaen van der Cabel, Dutch painter of the Dutch school (born 1631)
* July 16 – François Lespingola, French sculptor (born 1644)
* September 15 – Orazio Talami, Italian Baroque painter (born 1624)
* date unknown
** Zhu Da, Chinese painter of shuimohua and a calligrapher (born 1626)
** Claude Bertin, French sculptor for the Palace of Versailles (date of birth unknown)
** Giuseppe Diamantini, Italian painter and printmaker of the Baroque period (born 1621)
** Antonio Giusti, Italian painter, active mainly in Florence (born 1624)
** Andrea Miglionico, Italian painter of historical subjects (date of birth unknown)
** Francisco Meneses Osorio, Spanish painter (born 1630)
** Daniel Seiter, Viennese-born fresco painter of the Baroque (born 1642/1647)
** Bada Shanren, Chinese painter of shuimohua and a calligrapher (born 1626)
** Zhou Shuxi, female Chinese painter in Qing Dynasty (born 1624)
# Sanlih E-Television

Sanlih Entertainment Television or Sanlih E-Television (SET; Chinese: 三立電視) is a Taiwanese nationwide cable TV network founded in May 1993. It also produces Taiwanese drama that are broadcast on free-to-air channels like Taiwan Television (TTV).
In terms of political orientation, Sanlih leans heavily towards the Pan-Green Coalition.

## History

The Sanlih media group was founded by Lin Kun-hai, his wife Lin Chang-Hsiu, and her brother Chang Rong-hua in 1983, producing videos of Taiwanese Hokkien music and variety programs with entertainers such as Chu Ke-liang. The network's name, literally meaning "three establishments", refers to the three cofounders of the company. Sanlih quickly became successful as broadcasting restrictions during the martial law period limited the usage of non-Mandarin languages on television. However, the introduction of cable television led to a proliferation of unlicensed operators that would broadcast Sanlih videos on their own channels without permission, leading to the group setting up its own channel in 1993. To appeal to a broader, national base, Sanlih launched the Mandarin-language City Channel in 1996 and rebranded to SET-N (standing for "national" and "news") in 1997, helping it secure funding from political advertisements during the elections held in both years as multiparty democracy became a reality in Taiwan.

## SET channels

SET currently offers eight subsidiary channels:
* SET International (began airing March 2000)
* SET Taiwan (began airing December 1996)
* SET News (began airing March 1998)
* SET Metro (began airing September 1995)
* SET Drama (began airing December 1996, relaunched June 2013)
* SET iNews (began airing May 2011)
* SET Variety (began airing June 2012)
* MTV Taiwan (being operated by Sanlih since November 2011)

## Productions

* SET Taiwan Productions Drama
* SET Metro Productions Drama
# Cinema Rex bombing

Cinema Rex was a cinema located at De Keyserlei 15 in Antwerp, Belgium. It opened in 1935 and was designed by Leon Stynen, a Belgian architect, modeled after large American movie theatres.
On 16 December 1944 (the first day of the Ardennes Offensive), at 15:20, a V-2 rocket fired from The Netherlands (Hellendoorn) by the SS Werfer Battery 500 directly landed on the roof of the cinema during a showing of The Plainsman. There were approximately 1,100 people inside the cinema and the explosion killed 567 people including 296 Allied servicemen (194 further servicemen were injured) and 11 buildings in total destroyed. Up to 74 Belgian children were killed too.
It took nearly a week to dig all the bodies out of the rubble. It was the single highest death total from a single rocket attack during the war. Following the attack all public performance venues were closed and the town council ordered that a maximum of 50 people were allowed to congregate in any one location.
The theatre was re-built in 1947 but closed in 1993 and was demolished in 1995.
# The Swish of the Curtain

The Swish of the Curtain is a children's novel by British writer Pamela Brown. It was begun in 1938 when the author was 14 but was not published until 1941. The novel has been reprinted many times and has been adapted for television and radio. It was followed by four sequels.

## Plot summary

It tells the story of seven young people in three different families who form an amateur theatrical group, the Blue Door Theatre Company. The children write, produce, direct and act in their own plays, each of them harnessing a particular talent. Nigel designs scenery, for example; Jeremy composes music; while Sandra makes costumes. During the course of the book, each of the young people realises a particular ambition. It is "Bulldog", who shines in comic roles, who realises his ambition to create the elusive "swish of the curtain". At the book's climax, the "Blue Doors" enter a drama contest which they have to win in order to be allowed to attend dramatic school to realise their dream of a career in the professional theatre.

## The series

Brown wrote four sequels:
* Maddy Alone – 1945
* Golden Pavements – 1947
* Blue Door Venture – 1949
* Maddy Again – 1956

## Publication

Until recently The Swish of the Curtain was the only one of the "Blue Doors" series to have been republished after the 1970s. However, The Swish of the Curtain (2006), Maddy Alone (2007), Golden Pavements (2009) and Blue Door Venture (2011) have been republished by Longwater Books, and Maddy Again was finally reprinted in 2012. As this last book in the series was not published for many years, copies of it had previously become very rare and valuable, and very hard to find. Most recently, Pushkin Press have republished all the titles in the Blue Door series.

## Characters

* Nigel Halford
* Percy Halford ("Bulldog")
* Victoria Jane Halford ("Vicky")
* Jeremy Darwin
* Lynette Darwin ("Lyn")
* Sandra Fayne
* Madeleine Fayne ("Maddy")

## Film, TV or theatrical adaptations

The story was adapted for wireless (radio) and broadcast as a serial during the 1940s.
In 1980, the book was adapted for BBC television. Sarah Greene starred in the production as Sandra Fayne.
In 1994, the book was dramatised for radio by Felicity Hayes-McCoy and broadcast on the old BBC Radio 5, before it became BBC Radio Five Live. For a time this was regularly repeated in the Young Classics Hour on BBC Radio 7. James Lance starred in the production as Jeremy Darwin, and Caroline Harker as Lynette Darwin. Susannah Harker played a smaller role as actress Felicity Warren. A further dramatisation of Golden Pavements, amalgamating material from Maddy Alone, followed later, featuring the same cast.
# Leonardo Basurto

Leonardo Basurto (14 March 1928 – 30 September 2009) was a Mexican wrestler. He competed in the men's freestyle bantamweight at the 1952 Summer Olympics.
# Ryan Newman

Ryan Newman may refer to:
* Ryan Newman (racing driver) (born 1977), American stock car racing driver
* Ryan Newman (actress) (born 1998), American actress, singer, and model, now known as Ryan Whitney
* Ryan Dean Newman, American lawyer and former Army captain
# Wolfram Gambke

Wolfram Gambke (born 2 November 1959 in Pinneberg, Schleswig-Holstein) is a retired West German javelin thrower.

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Notes |
| Representing West Germany |||||
| 1984 | Olympic Games | Los Angeles, United States | 4th | 82.46 m |
| 1985 | Universiade | Kobe, Japan | 2nd | 84.46 m |
| 1986 | European Championships | Stuttgart, West Germany | 6th | 79.88 m |
His personal bests are:
old javelin model: 85,90 m (1984) new javelin model: 81,30 m (1986)
(Uwe Hohn having reached more than 100 metres (328 feet), a new javelin was introduced).
# Essential, Vol. 3

Essential, Vol. 3 is a compilation album by RuPaul, released on January 5, 2024. The album collects singles from RuPaul's recent discography alongside remixes of older tracks and previously unreleased songs from RuPaul's time as lead vocalist of the band Wee Wee Pole.

## Background and release

Of the inspiration behind the compilation album, RuPaul told People: "Full disclosure, I'm a fan of my own music... Essential, Vol. 3 is a collection of my favorite collaborations from the past 10 years. I've also included the first 3 songs I ever recorded with my band Wee Wee Pole in 1983 - streaming for the first time ever." He also noted that the inclusion of songs recorded 40 years prior to the album's release alongside his more recent music "makes for an interesting contrast".
Released to coincide with the premiere of the sixteenth season of RuPaul's Drag Race, Essential, Vol. 3 includes the runway song featured in the season, "Hustle That Cat". RuPaul performed the Giddy Up remix of "Lady Cowboy", also featured on the album, on the season's fourth episode as the musical guest on a parody of Saturday Night Live.
The album is the fourth in RuPaul's Essential series of compilation albums, following 2017's Remember Me: Essential, Vol. 1 and Essential, Vol. 2, and 2023's Essential Christmas.
# Acacia undoolyana

Acacia undoolyana ( common names Sickle-leaf wattle, Undoolya wattle) is a species of wattle native to central Australia.

## Description

Acacia undoolyana is a shrub or small tree growing up to 15 m high and has persistent fissured bark. Both stems and phyllodes have a covering of minute flattened hairs, when young. The phyllodes are flat, linear to narrowly elliptic, and silvery when young but later a grey-green. They are sickle-shaped, are 120–220 mm long by 5–15 mm wide, and have a marginal basal gland and a prominent apical gland. They have multiple parallel nerves of which up to three are more prominent. The inflorescence is a yellow cylindrical spike on a hairy peduncle 3–6 mm long. The pods are linear and 50–110 mm long by 2–3 mm wide, and the seeds have a white aril.
It flowers from June to September and fruits from August to December.

## Distribution

It is found in the MacDonnell Ranges Bioregion of Central Australia. The main population is on Undoolya station.

## Habitat

It is generally found on steep south facing slopes on skeletal soils.

## Conservation status

It is listed as "vulnerable" under both Commonwealth and Territory legislation. The major threat to its survival is frequent bushfires.