# Mahoning Valley

The Youngstown–Warren, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area, typically known as the Mahoning Valley, is a metropolitan area in Northeast Ohio with Youngstown, Ohio, at its center. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the metropolitan statistical area (MSA) includes Mahoning and Trumbull counties. As of the 2020 census, the region had a population of 430,591, making it the 125th-largest metro area in the country.
Taking its name from the Mahoning River, the area has a large commuter population that works in Cleveland and Pittsburgh and their metropolitan areas. It is located in the Rust Belt, the former industrial region of the northern United States. The Youngstown–Warren–Salem combined statistical area adds the Salem micropolitan area and Columbiana County, Ohio to the region, increasing the total population to 532,468. The Youngstown–Warren media market serves all three counties in the CSA, as well as the Mercer County, Pennsylvania and Lawrence County, Pennsylvania.

## Steel industry

Although steel has been produced in the Mahoning Valley since the mid-1800s, after the Civil War, the valley was primarily known for its iron production. Conversion to steel manufacturing began during the economic depression of the 1890s. The Mahoning Valley is suitable for steel manufacture because of "its proximity to the Lake Erie ports that receive iron ore…the coal fields of Ohio, Pennsylvania and West Virginia; and to limestone deposits." The "25-mile stretch of steel mills and related industries" along the Mahoning River is similar to the Ruhr Valley in Germany." Historically, it was part of the largest steel producing region in the world, leading to the historical "Steel Valley" moniker that the area shared with the Pittsburgh metropolitan area.
The local steel industry declined during the 1970s steel crisis. A notable plant closure occurred on September 19, 1977, when Youngstown Sheet and Tube abruptly closed its Campbell Works and furloughed 5,000 workers. Today the area produces little steel, and is home to many scrap metal yards and aluminum plants. A 2009 documentary, Steel Valley: Meltdown, addresses "the past, present and future of the Mahoning Valley" through the eyes of local experts, including one local organizer who stated, "We are the first generation completely removed from the days when steel mills were active."
The Mahoning Valley Economic Development Corporation, founded in 1979, is active in economic revitalization and diversification. It owns two industrial parks, and has purchased local rail lines, including the Youngstown and Austintown Railroad and the Warren and Trumbull Railroad.

## Municipalities
### Largest municipalities

| Population rank | City | County | State | 2020 census | 2010 census | Change | Peak population (year) |
| 1 | Youngstown | Mahoning | Ohio | 60,068 | 66,982 | −10.32% | 170,002 (1930) |
| 2 | Boardman | Mahoning | Ohio | 40,213 | 40,889 | −1.65% | 42,518 (2000) |
| 3 | Warren | Trumbull | Ohio | 39,201 | 41,557 | −5.67% | 63,494 (1970) |
| 4 | Austintown | Mahoning | Ohio | 29,594 | 29,677 | −0.28% | 33,636 (1980) |
| 5 | Niles | Trumbull | Ohio | 18,443 | 19,266 | −4.27% | 23,072 (1980) |
| 6 | Salem | Columbiana | Ohio | 11,915 | 12,303 | −3.15% | 14,186 (1970) |
| 7 | Struthers | Mahoning | Ohio | 10,063 | 10,713 | −6.07% | 15,631 (1960) |
| 8 | East Liverpool | Columbiana | Ohio | 9,958 | 11,195 | −11.05% | 26,243 (1970) |
| 9 | Girard | Trumbull | Ohio | 9,603 | 9,958 | −3.56% | 14,119 (1970) |
| 10 | Campbell | Mahoning | Ohio | 7,852 | 8,235 | −4.65% | 14,673 (1930) |

### Townships
## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 602,978 people, 238,319 households, and 162,896 families residing within the MSA, which included Mercer County, Pennsylvania. The racial makeup of the MSA was 86.88% White, 10.78% African American, 0.15% Native American, 0.45% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.55% from other races, and 1.17% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.70% of the population.
The median income for a household in the MSA was $36,071, and the median income for a family was $44,055. Males had a median income of $35,626 versus $23,186 for females. The per capita income for the MSA was $18,547.
| County | 2020 Census | 2010 Census | Change | Area | Density |
| Mahoning County | 228,614 | 238,823 | −4.27% | 425 sq mi (1,100 km$^2$) | 538/sq mi (208/km$^2$) |
| Trumbull County | 201,977 | 210,312 | −3.96% | 637 sq mi (1,650 km$^2$) | 317/sq mi (122/km$^2$) |
| Columbiana County | 101,877 | 107,841 | −5.53% | 535 sq mi (1,390 km$^2$) | 190/sq mi (74/km$^2$) |

## Transportation
### Airports

The Youngstown–Warren area is served by one regional airport:
* Youngstown–Warren Regional Airport
The area is also served by several county and local airports, including:
* Columbiana County Airport
* Koons Airport
* Lansdowne Airport
* Miller Airport
* Salem Airpark
* Warren Airport
* Youngstown Elser Metro Airport
* Youngstown Air Reserve Station

### Major highways

* Interstate 76
* Interstate 79
* Interstate 80
* Interstate 376
* Interstate 680
* Ohio Turnpike
* U.S. Route 19
* U.S. Route 30
* U.S. Route 62
* U.S. Route 224
* U.S. Route 322
* U.S. Route 422

### Public transit

The Western Reserve Transit Authority (WRTA) operates a metropolitan public busing system in Mahoning and Trumbull counties. In Columbiana County, the Community Action Rural Transit System (CARTS) operates a rural public busing system.

## Colleges and universities

The Mahoning Valley is home to a number of higher education facilities, including:
* Butler County Community College (Hermitage)
* Eastern Gateway Community College (Youngstown)
* Grove City College (Grove City)
* Kent State University at East Liverpool (East Liverpool)
* Kent State University at Salem (Salem)
* Kent State University at Trumbull (Warren)
* New Castle School of Trades (East Liverpool)
* Pennsylvania State University Shenango (Sharon)
* Thiel College (Greenville)
* Youngstown State University (Youngstown)

## Sports

NCAA Division I sports are played in the region, with Youngstown State University fielding eight men's and ten women's teams.