OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Opal, Alberta

Opal is a hamlet in central Alberta, Canada within Thorhild County. It is located 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) north of Highway 28, approximately 53 kilometres (33 mi) northeast of Edmonton. Originally named Rutherford after Alberta's first premier, Alexander Cameron Rutherford but was renamed to the unique "Opal" when the first post office opened on November 15, 1912.
In the late 1920s and early 1930s, Opal had a Roman Catholic Church (built in 1915), grain elevator (built 1918 by the Gillespie Grain Company), general store, International Harvester Company dealership, hardware store, lumber yard, blacksmith, Massey-Harris dealership, meat market, hotel (built in 1938), community hall, pool hall, railway station and school. In November 1954 the Opal Church was moved to Redwater.

## Demographics

The population of Opal was 24, as of a 2009 census conducted by Thorhild County.
# Edigu

Edigu (also Edigey, Eðivkäy or Edege Mangit; 1352–1419) was a Mongol emir of the White Horde who founded a new political entity, which came to be known as the Nogai Horde.

## Life

Edigu was from the Crimean Manghit tribe, the son of Kutlukiya (Kuttykiya), a Turko-Mongol noble who was defeated and killed by Khan Tokhtamysh of the Golden Horde in 1378. He gained fame as a highly successful general of Tokhtamysh before turning the arms against his master. By 1396, he was a sovereign ruler of a large area stretching between the Volga and Ural (known locally as Yayyk) rivers, which would later be called the Nogai Horde.
In 1397, Edigu allied himself with Timur-Qutlugh and was appointed General and commander-in-chief of the Golden Horde armies. In 1399 he inflicted a crushing defeat on Tokhtamysh and Vytautas of Lithuania at the Battle of the Vorskla River. Thereupon he managed to unite under his rule all Jochi's lands, albeit for the last time in history.
In 1406, he located his old enemy Tokhtamysh in Siberia. Edigu's agents killed Tokhtamysh. The following year he raided Volga Bulgaria. In 1408, he staged a destructive Tatar invasion of Russia due to tribute not being paid in several decades, leading to Vasily I of Moscow to end fighting against Lithuania. Edigu burned Nizhny Novgorod, Rostov, Serpukhov and other towns, and then laid siege to Moscow. Edigu summoned troops from Tver, but the prince made sure his soldiers would arrive too late to be of any use. Instead of taking Moscow, Edigu contented himself with extracting a ransom from its inhabitants before returning to the steppe.
Two years later, Edigu was dethroned in the Golden Horde and had to seek refuge in Khwarezm. Though he had previously had relations with the Timurid ruler Shah Rukh, including marrying his daughter to the latter's son Muhammad Juki, Shah Rukh later had Edigu expelled back to Sarai. However, Edigu managed to ravage Kiev under Lithuanian rule in spring 1416, in which he burnt the Pechersk Monastery and the old town, but was unable to capture its castle. In 1418, he offered Vytautas peace and alliance against Tokhtamysh's sons.
In 1419, he was assassinated by one of Tokhtamysh's sons in Sarai. Edigu's dynasty in the Nogai Horde continued for about two centuries, until his last descendants moved to Moscow, where they took baptism and became known as Princes Urusov and Yusupov.

## Assessment

The Mamluk-era historian Al-Maqrizi describes him as being courageous, generous and someone "who loved Islamic scholars and sought to be close to the pious". He praises him for being a righteous Muslim who fasted and followed the laws of Islam. Al-Maqrizi also says that Edigu prohibited the Tatars from selling their sons and due to this not many of them were bought to the Mamluk territories of Egypt and Syria.
# Princess Elisabeth of Urach

Elizabeth Auguste Marie Florestine Luise, Princess of Urach and Countess of Württemberg (23 August 1894 at Lichtenstein Castle (Württemberg); – 13 October 1962 in Frauenthal Castle in Styria) was the wife of Prince Karl Aloys of Liechtenstein.

## Life

Elizabeth was the second daughter of Duke Wilhelm Karl of Urach (1864–1928) and his first wife Duchess Amalie in Bavaria (1865–1912). After the death of her mother in May 1912, she managed the housekeeping of her father's home and looked after the education of her younger siblings.
Prince Joachim of Prussia (1890–1920), the youngest son of Emperor Wilhelm II courted her in vain. Elizabeth and her father rejected him because he was a Protestant and they insisted on educating children according to Catholicism.
During World War I Elizabeth corresponded with her father, who had the rank of a lieutenant general and was commander of the 26th Division in France, Russia and Serbia. Their letters are now in the main governmental archive in Stuttgart.
In spring 1921 she married Prince Karl Aloys of Liechtenstein (1878–1955), a son of Prince Alfred and Princess Henriette. Prince Karl Aloys was Imperial and Royal Cavalry Master (Rittmeister) until the end of the monarchy of Austria-Hungary and from 13 December 1918 to 15 September 1920 temporarily Prime Minister (Landesverweser) of the Principality of Liechtenstein.
They had four children:
* Wilhelm Alfred (1922-2006).
* Maria Josepha (1923-2005).
* Franziska (1930-2006).
* Wolfgang (born 1934).
Her last resting place is the burial vault of Vaduz Cathedral.

## Literature

* Wolfgang Schmierer: Article on Elisabeth, Prinzessin von und zu Liechtenstein [nee Fürstin von Urach]. In: Das Haus Württemberg. Ein biographisches Lexikon, editor: Sönke Lorenz, Dieter Mertens und Volker Press, Kohlhammer Verlag, Stuttgart 1997, ISBN 3-17-013605-4, S. 391.
# Campeonato Internacional de Tenis de Santos

The Campeonato Internacional de Tenis de Santos (formerly known as Santos Brasil Tennis Open) is a tennis tournament held in Santos, Brazil, since 2011. The event is part of the ATP Challenger Tour and is played on clay courts.

## Past finals
### Singles

| Year | Champion | Runner-up | Score |
| 2016 | Renzo Olivo | Thiago Monteiro | 6–4, 7–6$^{(7–5)}$ |
| 2015 | Blaž Rola | Germain Gigounon | 6–3, 3–6, 6–3 |
| 2014 | Máximo González | Gastão Elias | 7–5, 6–3 |
| 2013 | Gastão Elias | Rogério Dutra da Silva | 4–6, 6–2, 6–0 |
| 2012 | Ivo Minář | Ricardo Hocevar | 4–6, 6–1, 6–4 |
| 2011 | João Souza | Diego Junqueira | 6–4, 6–2 |

### Doubles

| Year | Champions | Runners-up | Score |
| 2016 | Sergio Galdós Máximo González | Rogério Dutra Silva Fabrício Neis | 6–3, 5–7, [14-12] |
| 2015 | Máximo González Roberto Maytín | Andrés Molteni Guido Pella | 6–4, 7–6$^{(7–4)}$ |
| 2014 | Máximo González Andrés Molteni | Guillermo Duran Renzo Olivo | 7–5, 6–4 |
| 2013 | Pavol Červenák Matteo Viola | Guilherme Clezar Gastão Elias | 6–2, 4–6, [10–6] |
| 2012 | Andrés Molteni Marco Trungelliti | Rogério Dutra da Silva Júlio Silva | 6–4, 6–3 |
| 2011 | Franco Ferreiro André Sá | Gerald Melzer José Pereira | 6–3, 6–3 |
# Eglinton Street railway station

vteGlasgow Central & St Enoch approaches :
Legend :
Eglinton Street railway station was a railway station approximately one mile (1.5 kilometres) south of Glasgow Central, in the Port Eglinton district of Glasgow.

## History

The Station opened on the 1st of July 1879 according to a contemporary Glasgow Herald notice. In the late 20th century Raymond Butt claimed that this station opened on Sunday 28 February 1909. However, contemporary sources, such as railway notices, timetables, maps, Post Office Directories and the Glasgow Herald notice, show that the station existed nearly 30 years before that date. Furthermore, the station opening on a Sunday would have been highly unlikely given Scotland's sabbatarian culture at the time.
When the station opened on 1 July 1879, it allowed Caledonian Railway trains from Edinburgh and Lanarkshire, which had previously terminated at Southside to reach Bridge Street, to connect with trains for Greenock and Wemyss Bay, with through carriages being provided from Edinburgh to stations on the Glasgow, Paisley and Greenock Railway and Greenock and Wemyss Bay Railway. These continued to terminate at Bridge Street even after Central Station had opened on 1 August 1879.
On 19 March 1883, there was a collision between two trains at Eglinton Street station in which four people died and many more were injured. The crash involved the 6:15pm train from Central Station to East Kilbride and the 5pm train from Edinburgh to Glasgow Central, which had stopped at Eglinton Street Station. The driver of the Edinburgh train failed to heed the signal against the train leaving the station. The East Kilbride train had left Central on time and had a clear signal to proceed. It was slowing down when it collided with the Edinburgh train which was getting up steam. The drivers and firemen of both trains survived the crash, having been violently thrown from their engines.
Opened by the Caledonian Railway on the former routes of the Cathcart District Railway and Polloc and Govan Railway on the southern approached to Glasgow Central, Eglinton Street station became part of the London Midland and Scottish Railway during the Grouping of 1923. The station was located in the routes to the:
* Two platforms - Cathcart Circle, the Barrhead, East Kilbride and Kilmarnock lines
* Four platforms - West Coast Main Line
The station was closed in 1965.

## The site today

Some parts of Eglinton Street station remain intact today, including sections of the platforms and access towers from the station platforms.

## Route

| Preceding station | Historical railways | Following station |
| Glasgow Central Line and station open | Caledonian Railway Polloc and Govan Railway | Rutherglen Line and station open |
| Glasgow Central Line and station open | Caledonian Railway Cathcart District Railway | Pollokshields East Line and station open |
| Glasgow Central Line and station open | Caledonian Railway Cathcart District Railway | Pollokshields West Line and station open |
| Glasgow Central Line and station open | CR & G&SWR Glasgow, Barrhead and Kilmarnock Joint Railway | Strathbungo Line open; station closed |
# Alfred Louchet

Alfred Yvon Louchet (6 June 1902 – 26 January 1944) was a French racing cyclist. He rode in the 1926 Tour de France. He died in the Mauthausen concentration camp during World War II.
# Hsiung Feng III missile mishap

On 1 July 2016, a Hsiung Feng III missile was accidentally launched from a Republic of China Navy vessel from waters off Kaohsiung towards Penghu. The missile hit a fishing boat at 8:40 a.m., killing one person and injuring three.

## Chronology

The Chin Chiang PGG-610 (Chinese: 金江號) patrol ship was undergoing a regular simulation training exercise for military equipment on the morning of 1 July (Friday) at Zuoying Naval Base in Zuoying District, Kaohsiung. The missile was accidentally launched at 8:00 a.m. during an inspection at the navy base. The missile cruised around 75 kilometres (47 mi) for two minutes towards China before hitting a Taiwanese fishing boat. The missile did not explode upon impact. The navy sent a helicopter and navy vessels to the area for damage inspection.
The mishap killed the Taiwanese boat's captain and injured its three crew members, from Taiwan, the Philippines and Vietnam.
The missile did not cross the median line of the Taiwan Strait, which separates Taiwan and China.
An investigation of the incident concluded in August 2016. Three ROC naval officers were charged by the Kaohsiung District Prosecutors Office. The Ministry of Justice announced in November that the family of captain Huang Wen-chung would be paid NT$34.84 million in compensation. The Control Yuan voted against impeachment proceedings for nine naval officers in July 2017. The Kaohsiung District Court issued its first ruling on the case that September, sentencing Petty Officer Second Class Kao Chia-chun to eighteen months imprisonment, Chief Petty Officer Chen Ming-hsiu to 24 months imprisonment, and Lieutenant Junior Grade Hsu Po-wei to fourteen months imprisonment. The Control Yuan held a second vote and began impeachment proceedings against nine naval officers in February 2018. The next month, the Control Yuan advised that communication between the Executive Yuan and Ministry of National Defense be improved. The Kaohsiung bench of the Taiwan High Court reduced Chen Ming-hsiu's sentence to 21 months in June 2018.
# 2016 Western Balkans Summit, Paris

2016 Western Balkans Summit in Paris, France was third annual summit within the Berlin Process initiative for European integration of Western Balkans states. Previous summits took place in Berlin in 2014 and in Vienna in 2015. Heads of government, foreign ministers and the ministers of economy of Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, as well as EU member states from the region Croatia, Slovenia and EU member states Austria, France, Germany, Italy as well as representatives of the European Union and the International Financial Institutions took part in Paris summit. Summit took place on 4 July 2016. Participants welcomed the intention of Italy to host the next summit in 2017.
Summit took place in the context of the outcome of the United Kingdom European Union membership referendum. Western Balkans participants reaffirmed their commitment to European integrations process. European perspective of the region was recognized to all countries during the summits in Zagreb and Thessaloniki in 2000 and 2003 and "repeatedly and unequivocally reiterated since then" as stated in Final Declaration after the summit. Participants reaffirmed the importance of regional cooperation and their commitment to abstain from misusing bilateral issues in the EU accession process. At the day of summit Regional Youth Cooperation Office was established based on experience of the Franco-German Youth Office. All parties welcomed the progress with projects that were launched in August 2015 and agreed upon a list of 3 new railway projects, which will receive EU co-financing of little less than 100 million euros in addition to financing from the International Financial Institutions and the national budgets of the Western Balkan states. The parties welcomed the launch of an energy efficiency initiative supported by EU through funding of 50 million euros. Participants agreed on a road-map for the setting up of a regional market for electricity in the Western Balkans and European Commission intent to support initiative through the Energy Community secretariat. Regional market integration, especially through CEFTA was reaffirmed. Improving the perspective of younger generations' through Erasmus+ and investments in education were discussed.
# Nano Memory

Nano Memory (NM) is a proprietary memory card format developed by Huawei in 2018.
NM cards are the same size as a nano SIM card, so they can be used in the same slots as nano SIMs. They are smaller than micro SD cards, freeing up space and reducing weight in smartphone designs.
NM cards utilize the eMMC 4.5 protocol and operate with read speeds of 90 MB/second.
As of 2021, the cards were only supported by Huawei phones, however they are also manufactured by Lexar. Available sizes are 64 GB, 128 GB, 256 GB, and 512 GB. They are more expensive than SD cards.

## Devices with Nano Memory support

As on February 2025, the following devices support Nano Memory cards:
* Huawei Mate 20/Pro/RS/X/X (5G)
* Huawei Mate 30 Series
* Huawei Mate 40 Series
* Huawei Mate 50 Series
* Huawei Mate 60 Series
* Huawei MatePad Pro
* Huawei MatePad Pro (2021)
* Huawei Nova 5/Pro/5i/5i Pro/5z
* Huawei Nova 6 SE
* Huawei Nova 7 SE 5G/SE 5G Youth/7i
* Huawei P30/Pro/Pro New Edition
* Huawei P40/4G/Pro/Pro+/lite/lite 5G
* Huawei P50 Series
* Huawei P60 Series
# Carboxyamidotriazole

Carboxyamidotriazole is a calcium channel blocker that blocks voltage-gated and ligand-gated calcium channels and has been investigated as an anti-cancer drug in vitro.
# Samyang Sageori station

Samyang Sageori Station is a station on the Ui LRT located in Mia-dong, Gangbuk-gu, Seoul. It opened on the 2 September 2017.
# Hitendra Wadhwa

Hitendra Wadhwa (born January 25, 1967) is an Indian-American businessman and educator. Wadhwa is currently a professor at Columbia Business School. He is the founder of the Mentora Institute.

## Early life and education

Wadhwa was born in Chandigarh, India, to Puran Chand Wadhwa and Nirmal (née Sarup).
Wadhwa received a bachelor's degree in mathematics from St. Stephens College, University of Delhi in 1988. He then received an M.B.A. and a Ph.D. from in management science from Sloan School of Management at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) by 1996. Wadhwa’s doctoral research focused on optimizing price decisions for retail products with seasonal demand patterns.

## Career

Wadhwa became a consultant at McKinsey & Company, a global management consulting firm, in 1996. In 1999, after raising $10 million in venture capital, he founded Paramark, a marketing optimization technology startup in Silicon Valley. The company was acquired by NewWorldIQ in 2002. Wadhwa also founded a consulting firm, Delphinity, in 2002, which through a series of mergers became the Mentora Institute.
Wadhwa first began teaching as a PhD. student at MIT in the 1990s. From 2004-2006, he served as an adjunct professor in Marketing at Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania.
Wadhwa became a professor at Columbia Business School in 2006. In 2007, Wadhwa oversaw Columbia Business School’s alliance with the Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad.

### Mentora Institute

In 2011, Wadhwa launched the Mentora Institute to provide in-person and online leadership training and coaching for corporate executives. Teachings at the Mentora Institute are largely based on Wadhwa’s “Inner Mastery, Outer Impact” model originally developed at Columbia Business School. Wadhwa and the Mentora Institute launched the Mentora Foundation in 2021.

### Publications

Wadhwa's book, Inner Mastery, Outer Impact was released on June 7, 2022.
# 2017 Barcelona train crash

On 28 July 2017, a passenger train crashed into a buffer stop and derailed at Barcelona França station in Barcelona, Spain. Sixty people were injured, eleven of them seriously, including the driver.

## Accident

The accident happened at about 07:15 CEST (05:15 UTC). A commuter train collided with the buffers at Barcelona França station and derailed. The train was operating a Sant Vicenç de Calders – Barcelona França service on the R2 line.
The train involved was an electric multiple unit of RENFE Class 465, number 210M. Witnesses stated that the train did not brake on entering the station. Fifty-six people were injured, five seriously. Eighteen people were taken to hospital. Victims were taken to four different hospitals in Barcelona.

## Investigation

The Administrador de Infraestructuras Ferroviarias (ADIF) opened an investigation into the accident. The Comisión de Investigación de Accidentes Ferroviarios (CIAF) is also responsible for investigating railway accidents in Spain. Its staff were seen on site following the accident. The train driver was found not to have been under the influence of drugs or alcohol. The train event recorder was recovered from the train.
# Statuette of Mercury

The Statuette of Mercury is a Roman bronze statuette of the god Hermes created in the 2nd century CE. Acquired by the Metropolitan Museum of Art in 2023, it is among a set of similar set of figurines acquired throughout the museum's history to be of either Gallic or Italic origin that likely served as a figure of worship in family household shrines.

## Provenance

The statuette was first documented in 1873 in the collection of Francis Cook, 1st Viscount of Monserrate. Thereupon in 1882, it was listed in the catalogue Ancient Marbles in Great Britain by Adolf Michaelis.
In 1901, it was passed on to Wyndham Francis Cook (1860-1905), and thence by familial descent was sold at auction by Spink & Son on 14 July 1925. It was in the private collection of Patricia Knatchbull, 2nd Countess Mountbatten of Burma until 24 March 2021, where upon it was acquired by dealer Charles Ede via Sotheby's to which the MET purchased the statuette from in 2023.

## Description

Hermes/Mercury is depicted as a naked young man, with his signature petasos and talaria. Standing forth on his right leg, his right hand produces a purse, while a chlamys is draped over his left shoulder. A caduceus was likely once present on the figure but it is no longer present.
The purse, or money pouch indicates fortune, and would be venerated in a household shrine. A similar statue in the MET (06.1057) was discovered in 1882 in Versailleux, France, depicting Mercury in a similar manner.
The god is posed in a balanced and casual position, the contrapposto, indicative of many other statuettes manufactured at the time in the 2nd century. They were modelled on the Greek originals like made by Polykleitos, such as that of the Hermes Criophorus, now at the National Archaeological Museum, Athens.
# Fourth principal meridian

The fourth principal meridian, set in 1815, is the principal meridian for land surveys in northwestern Illinois and west-central Illinois, and its 1831 extension is the principal meridian for land surveys in Wisconsin and northeastern Minnesota. It is part of the Public Land Survey System that covers most of the United States.
The fourth principal meridian begins at a point on the west bank of the Illinois River in Schuyler County, Illinois. The fourth principal meridian's baseline, sometimes called the Beardstown baseline, runs west from this initial point. The meridian and this baseline governs surveys in Illinois that are west of both the Illinois River and the third principal meridian.
The Illinois Department of Transportation 2003 Survey Manual gives the point as 40°0′50″N 90°27′11″W﻿ / ﻿40.01389°N 90.45306°W﻿ / 40.01389; -90.45306 and notes that the meridian is an extension of the line north from the mouth of the Illinois River near Grafton, Illinois.

## Extended

The meridian was extended north in 1831, through Wisconsin and northeastern Minnesota. The extension uses the Illinois–Wisconsin border as its baseline, and is the basis of surveys in all of Wisconsin, as well as that part of Minnesota:
* east of the Mississippi River, and
* some land west of the Mississippi River that includes the northern parts of Dakota and Scott Counties, and eastern Hennepin County, including all of Richfield, that part of Minneapolis south of 44th Ave. N., and the eastern half of the city of Bloomington, and
* all land east of the "third guide meridian, west of the fifth principal meridian," that is north of the Mississippi River from a point near the city of Aitkin. This line follows the western boundary of Aitkin County, then goes through the center of Itasca and Koochiching Counties. This includes a portion of land west of the Mississippi River in Aitkin and Itasca Counties.
The initial point of the extended fourth principal meridian is located at 42°30′27″N 90°25′37″W﻿ / ﻿42.50750°N 90.42694°W﻿ / 42.50750; -90.42694.
# Saint Stephens meridian

The Saint Stephens meridian, in longitude 88° 02′ west from Greenwich, begins at the initial point (Ellicott's Corner), on the base line, in latitude 31° north, passes through Saint Stephens, Alabama, extends south to Mobile Bay and north to latitude 33° 06′ 20″, and governs the surveys in the southern district of Alabama, and in Pearl River district lying east of the river and south of the Choctaw Baseline, in latitude 31° 52′ 40″ north, in the state of Mississippi.

## Sources

* Raymond, William Galt (1914). Plane Surveying for Use in the Classroom and Field (via Internet Archive). New York: American Book Company.