OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Masonic Temple (St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador)

The Masonic Temple built in 1894 at St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada is an example of Victorian construction which includes pilasters, free-standing columns and multiple pediments. The Masonic Temple was designated a Registered Heritage Structure by the Heritage Foundation of Newfoundland and Labrador in April 1995.

## Construction and Design

The cornerstone was laid in a Masonic ceremony conducted by Newfoundland prime minister (and Freemason) Sir William Whiteway, held on 23 August 1894.
The building was constructed from large bricks imported from Accrington and built upon a stone foundation. It is three stories and contains several classical motifs, it includes pilasters, free-standing columns and multiple pediments. An elaborate pipe organ decorates the main room which was dedicated on April 28, 1916, with a large portion of the funding contributed by Sir John Chalker Crosbie.
The Freemasons held the first Masonic meeting in the structure on 1 November 1896, and the building was formally dedicated 23 April 1897.
   The St. John's Masonic Temple is the most architecturally impressive fraternal lodge in Newfoundland, and has the distinction of being the largest brick fraternal meeting hall in the province. As such, it holds a unique place in the architectural history of the province, and stands as an important example of Victorian lodge construction even when viewed in a much wider Canadian context.

## Use Post-Temple

The last Masonic meeting in the temple was held in June 2007, and there is no longer any Masonic connection with the building, and no Masonic events are held there. A new Masonic building was constructed in Mount Pearl. In 2018, the District Grand Lodge of Newfoundland and Labrador, Grand Lodge Scotland, marked its 150th anniversary as an organization in the province.
Kathie Hicks and Peter Halley bought the building in 2008 to house a local for-profit theatre company, Spirit of Newfoundland. It was used by artists of all artistic genres, with the core business being dinner and show. Restoration work by the company since its purchase ran into building code and funding issues. In 2020, the building was put up for sale after business declined during the COVID-19 pandemic.
# United States Marine Corps Civilian Police

The United States Marine Corps Civilian Police is the civilian law enforcement agency of the United States Marine Corps. Officially called the "Marine Corps Law Enforcement Program" (MCLEP), the agency is composed of civilian (non-military) federal police officers.

## History

The Marine Corps initiated a Civilian Police force in 2005 (0083) and established Marine Corps Police Departments in MCLB Barstow, California, MCLB Albany, Georgia; and MCSF Blount Island, Jacksonville, Florida. In 2008 the Marine Corps decided to expand the civilian police officers to all other Marine Corps installations in the United States.

## Duties

The duties of the United States Marine Corps Civilian Police are following:
* Force protection
* Physical security
* Access control
* Traffic control
* Respond to emergency calls
Officers of civilian police provide their functions to Marine Corps establishments alongside Marine Corps military police officers.

## Training

The USMC trains its civilian MCLEP officers through its Marine Corps Police Academy Basic Police Officers Course (BPOC) which provides them with the tools to do the job, alongside their military police counterparts. This includes law enforcement training, force protection, first-aid, self defence and firearms. All police officers up to the rank of Deputy Chief of Police undergo 12 weeks of FLETA accredited training at Fort Leonard Wood in Missouri.

## Uniform and equipment
### Uniform

Civilian MCLEP officers wear a dark blue uniform, similar to other DOD Police, but with "Marine Corps Police" shoulder patches and a USMC Police badge (shield).

### Equipment

The equipment for police officers consists of a M18 duty sidearm (pistol), expandable baton, OC spray, two-way radio, Taser, handcuffs, torch and gloves. Other weapons include the M1014 Joint Services Combat Shotgun. Officers who train and qualify for it may also be issued an M4 carbine or an M16A4 rifle depending on installation resources. In addition, plate carriers, ballistic plates and duty belts are typically issued at the Marine Corps Police Academy upon completion of the course Equipment will be worn around the waist on a duty belt, with shield on left breast.

### Vehicles

For base law enforcement, marked police vehicles are used. These are similar to other DoD Police and civilian police vehicles. They are generally equipped with red/blue lights, siren & PA system, computers and radios.
# François Heersbrandt

François Heersbrandt (born 12 December 1989 in Uccle, Belgium) is a Belgian swimmer. He competed in the 100 m butterfly event at the 2012 Summer Olympics and was eliminated in the semi-finals despite setting a new Belgian record (52.22) in his qualifying heat. Heersbrandt competed in the same event at the 2008 Summer Olympics but was eliminated after the qualifying heats. At the 2016 Summer Olympics, he competed in the 50 m freestyle but did not progress beyond the first round.
At the 2011 European Short Course Swimming Championships, he won a bronze medal in the 4x50m freestyle and set a new Belgian record with a time of 1.25,83. His partners for the relay were Jasper Aerents, Emmanuel Vanluchene and Louis Croenen. Heersbrandt also holds the Belgian record for the 50m butterfly (23.66) and in the 50m butterfly and 100m butterfly on short course.
# People's Liberation Army of Manipur

The People's Liberation Army of Manipur (PLA-MP or PLAM), often shortened to the People's Liberation Army, is a militant group fighting for the creation of an independent and socialist Manipur, a state in northeastern India.

## History

The group founded by N. Bisheshwar Singh on 25 September 1978. Since its founding, it has been waging guerrilla warfare as part of the Insurgency in Manipur against the Indian Armed Forces, and has targeted the Indian Army, Indian Paramilitary Forces and the State Police Force. However, during the late nineties, it declared a unilateral decision not to target the Manipur Police.
The death of some top leaders in combat (like President Thoudam Kunjabehari in 1982), and the arrest of others (like N. Bisheshwar, arrested in 1981) decreased its military activity in the eighties. In 1989, a political wing called the Revolutionary People's Front (RPF) was formed. The RPF formed a government in exile in Bangladesh, led by Irengbam Chaoren, and began a restructuring of the organisation. The Organisation become very active. Its operation was divided into four sections: Sadar Valley West Hill areas of Manipur, Sadar Hill areas in the east Valley, Hill areas of Manipur and Imphal valley, each with a commander, and other ranks.

## Organisation

The PLA has an estimated strength of some 3 800 as of 2008.
PLA-MP is also a member of the Manipur Peoples Liberation Front, an umbrella organization of several Manipur secessionsts groups; namely, the UNLF and PREPAK. On 29 July 2020, three Indian soldiers in the Assam Rifles were killed and six injured in an ambush in Manipur's Chandel district near the Indo-Myanmar border.
In 2019, a confession by a PLAM member suggested that PLAM was in touch with Chinese People's Liberation Army. Sixteen platoons of PLAM returned to Manipur after receiving their training in China.
Through the 2023 Manipur violence, the separatist PLAM as well as Kanglei Yawol Kanna Lup (KYKL) witnessed a surge in recruitment of new and previously surrendered soldiers.
On 25 February 2023, after the original chairman Irengbam Chaoren died of illness, Vice Chairman Manoharmayum Ngouba took over Irengbam's position as chairman.
# Genaro Lezcano

Genaro Lezcano (born c.1935) is an Argentine former basketball player.
# I. Madison Bentley

I. Madison Bentley, also known as Isaac Madison Bentley and later as Madison Bentley (Clinton, Iowa, June 18, 1870 – Palo Alto, California, May 29, 1955) was an American psychologist. His first publication in 1897 was under the name "I. Madison Bentley."
Bentley was one of the first to write about gender in his 1945 publication Sanity and Hazard in Childhood.

## Early life and education

Isaac Madison Bentley was born to Charles Eugene Bentley and Persis Orilla Freeman on June 18, 1870.
The Bentleys were from Upstate New York, the town of Warners northeast of Syracuse.
Bentley studied psychology at the University of Nebraska. Harry Kirke Wolfe was his mentor. He also studied under Wilhelm Wundt at the University of Leipzig during the AY1886-1887, later taking his bachelor's degree in 1895. He then commenced graduate work at Cornell University under the supervision of Edward B. Titchener, receiving his PhD in 1899.
Isaac Madison Bentley was christened Isaac Madison, but abbreviated his first name to "I." sometime early in his adulthood. In 1909, he dropped the "I" because it was often misprinted as "J", especially in German publications.

## Academic career

Teaching at Cornell, Bentley was elevated to assistant professor in 1902; chairman of the Psychology Department in 1910. He left Cornell for Illinois in 1912. During the First World War, he conducted U.S. Army Air Corps research on the ear. In 1928, Bentley returned to Cornell and became Titchener's successor as the Sage Professor of Psychology and Chairman of the Psychology Department.

## Theoretical disposition

Bentley opposed both the behaviorism and mentalism movements of psychology. In his view, psychological functions were different. They surmounted a distinction between the organism and the environment. The environment was absorbed by the organism. Research into psychological functions ought to describe the functions modes and derivations.

## Writings

Bentley's works include approximately 159 publications up until approx. 1952.
Bentley's contribution to the field of psychology was prolific. He wrote on the memory image, analysis of complex sensations, learning in paramecia, mental disorders, and anthropological psychology. But I. Madison Bentley's greatest skill was that of editing. He was cooperating editor, American Journal of Psychology, as early as 1903. He remained with the Journal until 1950, finishing out as co-editor. He also tended The Psychological Index (1916 to 1925), served as associate editor, Journal of Comparative Psychology (1921–1935); editor, Journal of Experimental Psychology (1926–1929).

## Member

At the University Nebraska, Madison tapped into the Phi Kappa Psi fraternity.
# Abdul K. Kallon

Abdul Karim Kallon (born April 5, 1969) is an American lawyer who is a former United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama. He is a former nominee to be a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit.

## Early life and education

Born in Freetown, Sierra Leone, Kallon earned an Artium Baccalaureus degree from Dartmouth College in 1990. He earned a Juris Doctor in 1993 from the University of Pennsylvania Law School, where he served as Articles Editor for the University of Pennsylvania Journal of International Business Law. Kallon served as a law clerk for Judge U. W. Clemon of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama from 1993 to 1994. In 2020, Kallon graduated from Duke Law School with a Master of Laws in judicial studies.

## Career

From 1994 to his judicial appointment, Kallon worked in private legal practice in Birmingham, Alabama. He practiced labor and employment law as a partner at the Birmingham law firm Bradley Arant Boult Cummings LLP.

### Federal judicial service

On July 31, 2009, President Barack Obama nominated Kallon to be a judge on the United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama. Kallon was nominated for the seat vacated by Clemon, who retired earlier in 2009. According to news accounts, Kallon had been recommended for the judgeship by a panel of legal experts assembled by United States Representative Artur Davis. However, his name was not on a list of candidates compiled by a committee of the Alabama Democratic Party. The United States Senate confirmed Kallon to his judgeship by unanimous consent on November 21, 2009. He received his commission on January 4, 2010.
On February 11, 2016, President Obama nominated Kallon to serve as a circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit, to the seat vacated by Judge Joel Fredrick Dubina, who took senior status on October 26, 2013. His nomination expired on January 3, 2017, with the end of the 114th Congress.
On April 6, 2022, Kallon announced he would resign from the court effective August 31, 2022. He joined Perkins Coie law firm as a partner after leaving the federal bench.
# Global Commission on Internet Governance

The Global Commission on Internet Governance, chaired by Carl Bildt and launched by two think tanks, the Canadian Centre for International Governance Innovation and UK-based Chatham House, was formed in January 2014 to make recommendations about the future of global internet governance. It is also considered one of the international initiatives that facilitate effective cooperation between relevant international actors, particularly according to the principles of internet governance.

## Activities

The Commission's research advisory network, led by Laura DeNardis, produces original research on Internet Governance topics such as the dark web, cybersecurity, and internet freedom. For instance, a research published in January 2017 entitled Who Runs the Internet? The Global Multi-stakeholder Model of Internet Governance described a "multistakeholder" framework wherein the management of the global Internet architecture is in the hands of a cluster of international stakeholders such as industry, academic and non-governmental actors. There is a criticism from some countries against the current attempts at a multistakeholder process that cite how these appear to be led by Western nations.
# HDMS Printz Friderich (1764)

HDMS Printz Friderich was a ship-of-the-line launched in 1764, to a design by Frederik Michael Krabbe, a naval officer and leading ship designer of that period. Two other ships — Norske Løve and Øresund — were constructed to the same design. Little is known of her service history beyond that she received a new keel in 1775. She was lost in 1780. Her wreck was rediscovered in 2018 by Kim Schmidt/Undervandsgruppen

## Service

In 1770–1771, the ship was part of a squadron under Admiral F. C. Kaas active off Algiers. During this time, on 1 October 1770 the ship ran aground at the entrance to Port Mahon In September 1774, Printz Friderich returned to Denmark from the West Indies.

## Loss

On 29 September 1780, Printz Friderich was under the command of Andreas Lous, a well respected naval officer and chart maker of the period. She ran aground on the shoal Kobbergrund southeast of the island of Læsø in the Kattegat and was a total loss. The vast majority of the crew were rescued and landed on Læsø - only eight or ten men were drowned. Supplies were quickly sent to Læsø for the survivors. The court martial of Captain Lous and his officers for the loss of the ship exonerated Lous (who had been ill and confined to his cabin for three days), but considered three lower-ranking officers (Lars Kinck, Stibolt and Fleischer) culpable.
Almost a month later the Danish frigate Kiel under Claus Frandsen Tønder also ran aground near Læsø but escaped without damage having jettisoned eight cannon. She then took on board one hundred of the Printz Friderich's crew from the island.

## Wreck

All sign of the ship disappeared from view, and almost from memory. In 2018 a specialist Underwater Group, using several forms of modern survey equipment eventually found the wreck largely intact.
# Khayr al-Din al-Zirikli

Khayr al-Dīn al-Ziriklī (Arabic: خير الدين الزركلي; June 25, 1893 – November 25, 1976) was a Syrian nationalist and poet in opposition to the French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon, historian, Syrian citizen and a diplomat in the service of Saudi Arabia.

## Career

Khayr al-Dīn al-Ziriklī grew up in Damascus.
After the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire as a result of the First World War, Zirikli published a daily newspaper in Damascus called Lisān al-ʻArab (Arabic: The Tongue of the Arabs) which has been closed. Then he participated in the publication of the daily Al-Mufīd and wrote literary and social articles. After the Battle of Maysalun on 23 July 1920 and the French invasion of Damascus, he was sentenced to death in absentia and the seizure of his property by the French authorities. He escaped from Damascus to the Mandatory Palestine and made a pilgrimage to the Kingdom of Hejaz.
In 1921, Zirikli became a subject of the Kingdom of Hejaz and Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca made him adviser to his son Abdullah I of Jordan on the establishment of the first government in Amman, where he was appointed inspector general of the Ministry of Education.
The French government overturned Zirikli's death sentence and he returned to Damascus.
In 1925, Zirikli founded the Arabic printing works in Cairo, where he printed a number of own books and by other authors. In Jerusalem, he was with two other persons editor of the newspaper Al-Hayat which was closed by the British Mandatory Palestine administration. From 1925 to 1927 during the Great Syrian Revolt he wrote in Syrian and Egyptian newspapers against the French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon. The Mandate authorities again condemned him to death and demanded that Fuad I of Egypt silence Kheraddin Al-Zerakly or expel him from Egypt. Zirikli founded another daily newspaper in Jaffa. In 1930 he was elected member of the Arab Academy of Damascus.
In 1934, Ibn Saud appointed Zirikli agent later envoy of Saudi Arabia in Cairo. He represented Ibn Saud in the discussions on the founding of the Arab League and signed the founding agreement. In 1946, Ibn Saud appointed Zirikli as Foreign Minister in his throne council, in agreement with Yusuf Yasin and the Arab League, and he became member of the Academy of the Arabic Language in Cairo. In 1951, Ibn Saud appointed him minister plenipotentiary to the Arab League in Cairo. From 1957 to 1963 Zirikli was the ambassador of Saudi Arabia to Morocco. In 1960 he was elected a member of the Iraqi Academy of Sciences.

## International Conferences

* From 25 to 27 September 1946 Zirikli participated in the first meeting of the World Medical Association in London.
* From 16 to 21 September 1947 he participated on the Conference of World Medical Association in Paris.
* In 1947 attended the session of the United Nations General Assembly in Lake Success
* In 1954 he was Ministre plénipotentiaire in Athens.
* In 1955 he was sent to Tunisia and participated in a conference organized by the Constitutional Party.

## Works

* Dīwān ديوان.
* Al-Aʻlām: Qāmūs Tarājim li-Ashhar al-Rijāl wa-al-Nisāʼ min al-ʻArab wa-al-Mustaʻribīn wa-al-Mustashriqīn
# Saint-Denis-sur-Ouanne

Saint-Denis-sur-Ouanne (French pronunciation:, lit. 'Saint-Denis on Ouanne') is a former commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Charny-Orée-de-Puisaye.

## Geography

The river Ouanne formed most of the commune's southwestern border.
# Ulf Timmermann

Ulf Béla Timmermann (German pronunciation:, audio; born 1 November 1962 in East Berlin) is a German former shot putter who broke the world record several times during the 1980s, and is the first and one of only four people to ever throw over 23 metres (along with Randy Barnes, Joe Kovacs and Ryan Crouser).
Timmermann was born in Berlin to an athletic family and took up shot put at 13. He broke his first world record in 1985 with a throw of 22.62 meters. On 22 May 1988 he became the first person to throw over 23 meters with a throw of 23.06 meters at Chania, Greece.
He won gold for East Germany at the 1988 Olympics in Seoul, ahead of Randy Barnes of the U.S. The fourth place throw at this competition would have won every previous Olympics in the shot put. At the 1992 Olympics, he represented Germany, but finished a disappointing fifth. He left competition afterwards.
Timmermann is the farthest thrower of all time in the shot put using the glide technique. He also passed 22 metres in 16 different competitions. His coach was Werner Goldmann who is currently coaching shot put and discus throw in Berlin.
# 1st Summit of the Americas

The First Summit of the Americas was convened in Miami, Florida, United States, on December 9–11, 1994.
This summit was the first of a series of events for leaders from countries of the Americas.
From across North and South America thirty-four nations met in Miami and agreed to create Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA). All countries were welcomed to participate except for Cuba.
The Summit of the Americas accepted a Declaration of Principles to aid in the process of discussing a continent wide trade bloc. The declaration principles included: Partnership for Development and Prosperity which meant that the heads of all the states in the Americas were committed to promote democracy, its values, and various institutions. Another aspect of the agreement was that all of the Americas were to be joined in pursuing prosperity for every nation through open markets.
The summit adopted a procedure to preserve and strengthen the community of democracies of the Americas. It was agreed upon that all nations would promote democracy and that citizens have the right to participate in government. The thirty-four nations that met in Miami understood that democracy requires an attack on all corruption which is what the agreement stated. There was also a call to cooperation among the nations in eliminating trafficking of illegal drugs. Another outline in the summit was the procedure to promote prosperity through economic integration and free trade. This required a promotion for all nations there should be no subsidies and nations should not practice in unfair laws.

## Overview

The "Summits of the Americas" is the name for a continuing series of summits bringing together the leaders of North America and South America. The function of these summits is to foster discussion of a variety of issues affecting the western hemisphere. These high-level summit meetings have been organized by a number of multilateral bodies under the aegis of the Organization of American States. In the early 1990s, what were formerly ad hoc summits came to be institutionalized into a regular "Summits of the Americas" conference program.

## Protests and demonstrations

The summits which garnered most general public and media attention were the Quebec City and Mar del Plata events, both provoking very large anti-globalization and anti–Free Trade Area of the Americas protests. Police responses to protesters and demonstrations developed into independent news stories.