OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Justin Valentin

Justin Davis Valentin (born 14 April 1971) is a Seychellois politician and teacher. In 2018, he was appointed Vice-Chancellor of the University of Seychelles. As of 3 November 2020, he serves as the Minister of Education and Human Resources Development, succeeding Jeanne Siméon.

## Biography

Valentin received his diploma in education from Seychelles Polytechnic. He continued his studies in Australia, and graduated with a Bachelor of Education from the Edith Cowan University, followed by a master's degree from Universiti Sains Malaysia, and a doctorate from King's College London. He specialised in science and mathematics. He first worked as a teacher and continued his career as a researcher at the Ministry of Education.
In 1993, Valentin published Testanman Rezete, a novel written in Seychellois Creole, the French-based creole language spoken in the Seychelles. In 2013, Valentin became the Dean for Business and Law of the University of Seychelles. On 2 February 2018, he was appointed Vice-Chancellor of the university. On 30 October 2020, he was elected Minister of Education and Human Resources Development.
# Iliyan Kuzmanov

Iliyan Kuzmanov (born February 3, 1979) is a Bulgarian journalist, writer, and activist. He is the author of the books If You Meet Buddha, Kill Him! (2021) and The Devil! I Know Him (2022). Kuzmanov is the producer and screenwriter of the documentary Pilgrim in Thailand (2024).

## Early life and education

Kuzmanov was born in Pazardzhik, Bulgaria. He studied law in Plovdiv in 2004 and history at Concordia University in Montreal in 2012. Since 2011, Kuzmanov has resided in London, England, where he has been developing social initiatives including a community center, a library, support programs for the homeless, and local community development projects.

## Career

In 2019, Kuzmanov founded the Art Angel Foundation in Bulgaria, addressing issues such as human trafficking, domestic violence, and discrimination.
In 2022, Kuzmanov created the public discussion forum "I Love Bulgaria" with other activists to create a dialogue between citizens and institutions.
In 2023, Kuzmanov launched an analytical platform in London to address disinformation, which was developed in collaboration with the NGO Action For Community Development (AFCD) London and volunteers.
In 2024, the Executive Agency for Bulgarians Abroad, under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria, awarded the documentary Pilgrim in Thailand, produced and written by Iliyan Kuzmanov, with the documentary award at the Slavic Fairy Tale International Film Festival. The documentary explores the concept of sustainable tourism. The festival jury included Ivan Tonev, a Bulgarian film producer and director, and Prof. Yu Xiaogan, president of the Chinese Academy of Cinema and TV Series.

## Books

* If You Meet Buddha, Kill Him! (2021)
* The Devil! I Know Him (2022)
# Afghan Jet International

Afghan Jet International Airlines (Persian: هواپیمایی بین‌المللی افغان جت) was a regional airline based in Afghanistan; it was headquartered in Kabul and based at Hamid Karzai International Airport. It offered service to five airports, all in Afghanistan. On June 15, 2016, Afghan Jet ceased operations.

## Destinations

Afghan Jet International served the following destinations as of August 2014:
| City | Country | Airport |
| Chaghcharan | Afghanistan | Chaghcharan Airport |
| Herat | Afghanistan | Herat International Airport |
| Lashkar Gah | Afghanistan | Bost Airport |
| Kabul | Afghanistan | Hamid Karzai International Airport base |
| Kandahar | Afghanistan | Kandahar International Airport |
| Tarinkot | Afghanistan | Tarinkot Airport |

## Fleet

The Afghan Jet International fleet consisted of the following aircraft (as of August 2016):
Its single aircraft was parked at Maastricht Aachen Airport for maintenance when the airline ceased operations. The aircraft remained parked there, until being auctioned off in 2025 to pay for the storage costs.
Afghan Jet International Fleet :
| Aircraft | In Fleet | Orders | Passengers | Notes |
| Bombardier CRJ-200LR | 1 | — | 50 | |
| Total | 1 | 0 | | |
# Scardinius acarnanicus

Scardinius acarnanicus is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is found only in Greece, in the basin of the Acheloos River and in adjacent lakes (e.g. Amvrakia, Trichonis). Its natural habitats are intermittent rivers and freshwater lakes. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# Carsten Lichtlein

Carsten Lichtlein (born 4 November 1980) is a former German handball player and goalkeeper. He is a World champion from 2007 with the German national team, a European champion from 2004 and from 2016 and participated on the German team that finished 4th at the 2008 European Men's Handball Championship.

## Club player

Lichtlein won the EHF Cup in 2006 with TBV Lemgo.

## Private life

His nephew, Nils Lichtlein, is also a handball player for the German national team.

## Achievements

* European Championship:
** Gold: 2016
# Terra 2001

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Terra 2001 is the second album of The Brilliant Green released on September 8, 1999.

## Track listing

All lyrics are written by Tomoko Kawase; all music is composed by Shunsaku Okuda except where noted, all songs arranged by The Brilliant Green except where noted
# Hunter Island (Tasmania)

The Hunter Island, the main island of the Hunter Island Group, is a 7,330-hectare (18,100-acre) island, located in Bass Strait, that lies between King Island and north-west Tasmania, Australia.
The island is located near Three Hummock Island, several kilometres off the north-west coast of Tasmania. The island is run as a cattle property and there is a homestead on the island. A privately owned barge is used for transport to Smithton on the north coast of Tasmania. The island is approximately 25 kilometres (16 mi) long, and 6.5 kilometres (4.0 mi) wide at its widest point.
The East India Ship Phatisalam was wrecked on the island in 1821.

## Hunter Island Group

The Hunter Island Group includes:
* Hunter Island
* Albatross Island
* Bears Island
* Bird Island
* Black Pyramid Rock
* Dugay Islet
* Edwards Islet
* Nares Rocks
* Penguin Islet
* South Black Rock
* Steep Island
* Stack Island
* Three Hummock Island

## Birds

The island forms part of the Hunter Island Group Important Bird Area because it lies on the migration route of the critically endangered orange-bellied parrot between south-west Tasmania and mainland south-eastern Australia.
# Leszczyca

Leszczyca is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gizałki, within Pleszew County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.
# Lewiczynek

Lewiczynek is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Miedzichowo, within Nowy Tomyśl County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 18 kilometres (11 mi) north-west of Nowy Tomyśl and 65 km (40 mi) west of the regional capital Poznań.
The village has an approximate population of 104.
# Leśne Domki

Leśne Domki is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Zbąszyń, within Nowy Tomyśl County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) east of Zbąszyń, 15 km (9 mi) south-west of Nowy Tomyśl, and 68 km (42 mi) west of the regional capital Poznań.
# Lipice, Poland

Lipice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Grodziec, within Konin County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 27 kilometres (17 mi) south-west of Konin and 87 km (54 mi) south-east of the regional capital Poznań.
# Lipie, Kępno County

Lipie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łęka Opatowska, within Kępno County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 13 kilometres (8 mi) south-east of Kępno and 157 km (98 mi) south-east of the regional capital Poznań.
# Joachim Franke

Joachim Franke (30 March 1940 – 19 March 2024) was a German ice hockey player, who competed for SG Dynamo Weißwasser. He won the bronze medal with the East Germany national team at the 1966 European Championships.
Franke played a total of 40 games for East Germany at the World Championships between 1959 and 1967, recording eight goals and two assists.
Franke died on 19 March 2024, at the age of 83.
# Lipiny, Gmina Osiek Mały

Lipiny is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Osiek Mały, within Koło County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) north of Osiek Mały, 14 km (9 mi) north of Koło, and 115 km (71 mi) east of the regional capital Poznań.
# Lipnica, Szamotuły County

Lipnica is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szamotuły, within Szamotuły County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) south-west of Szamotuły and 36 km (22 mi) north-west of the regional capital Poznań.
# Delaware Township, Hamilton County, Indiana

Delaware Township is one of nine townships in Hamilton County, Indiana, United States. As of the 2010 census, its population was 30,617 and it contained 13,553 housing units. Records show the township to have had 43,352 residents in 2007.

## History

Delaware Township was organized in 1823.

## Geography

According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 15.66 square miles (40.6 km$^2$), of which 15.22 square miles (39.4 km$^2$) (or 97.19%) is land and 0.44 square miles (1.1 km$^2$) (or 2.81%) is water. The streams of Weaver Creek, Home Run, Britton Branch, Shoemaker Ditch, Smock Creek, Light Branch, Delight Creek, Cheeney Creek, Hare Creek, Eller Run, Heath Ditch, and Behner Brook run through this township.

### Cities and towns

* Noblesville (south edge of Noblesville)
* Fishers (west half of Fishers)

### Adjacent townships

* Noblesville Township (north)
* Fall Creek Township (east)
* Lawrence Township, Marion County (south)
* Washington Township, Marion County (southwest)
* Clay Township (west)

### Cemeteries

The township contains four cemeteries: Eller, Heady Lane, Oaklawn Memorial Gardens, and Spannuth.

### Major highways

* Interstate 69
* State Road 37

### Airports and landing strips

* Beaver Airstrip
* Indianapolis Metropolitan Airfield

## Education

Delaware Township residents may obtain a free library card from the Hamilton East Public Library in Noblesville.
# Lizawy

Lizawy is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ślesin, within Konin County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) west of Ślesin, 17 km (11 mi) north of Konin, and 92 km (57 mi) east of the regional capital Poznań.
# Lubiechowo, Greater Poland Voivodeship

Lubiechowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kamieniec, within Grodzisk Wielkopolski County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) south-west of Kamieniec, 10 km (6 mi) south of Grodzisk Wielkopolski, and 44 km (27 mi) south-west of the regional capital Poznań.
# Lubiń, Gniezno County

Lubiń is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Trzemeszno, within Gniezno County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north-east of Trzemeszno, 19 km (12 mi) east of Gniezno, and 68 km (42 mi) east of the regional capital Poznań.
The village has an approximate population of 280.
# Lubonieczek

Lubonieczek is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zaniemyśl, within Środa Wielkopolska County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 2 kilometres (1 mi) south-east of Zaniemyśl, 11 km (7 mi) south-west of Środa Wielkopolska, and 34 km (21 mi) south-east of the regional capital Poznań.
# Lubowo Drugie

Lubowo Drugie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wronki, within Szamotuły County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.
# Jackson Township, Hamilton County, Indiana

Jackson Township is one of nine townships in Hamilton County, Indiana, United States. As of the 2010 census, its population was 10,368 and it contained 4,367 housing units.

## History

Jackson Township was organized in 1833.
Roberts Chapel was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.

## Geography

According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 56.19 square miles (145.5 km$^2$), of which 54.82 square miles (142.0 km$^2$) (or 97.56%) is land and 1.36 square miles (3.5 km$^2$) (or 2.42%) is water. The streams of Bear Slide Creek, Bennett Ditch, Cicero Creek, Hinkle Creek, Little Cicero Creek, Possum Run, Sugar Run, Taylor Creek, and Weasel Creek run through this township.

### Cities and towns

* Atlanta
* Arcadia
* Cicero

### Unincorporated communities

* Deming
* Millersburg
(This list is based on USGS data and may include former settlements.)

### Adjacent townships

* Cicero Township, Tipton County (north)
* White River Township (east)
* Noblesville Township (south)
* Washington Township (southwest)
* Adams Township (west)
* Jefferson Township, Tipton County (northwest)

### Cemeteries

The township contains thirteen cemeteries: Brethren, Cicero, Dunn, Emmanuel Lutheran, Hinkle, Hurley, Morley, Mount Pleasant, Robert's Chapel, Scherer, Taylor and West Grove.

### Major highways

* U.S. Route 31
* State Road 19

### Airports and landing strips

* Heinzman Airport

## Education

Jackson Township residents may request a free library card from the Hamilton North Public Library in Cicero.
The township is served by Hamilton Heights School Corporation, which is located in Arcadia.
# Ludomy

Ludomy is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ryczywół, within Oborniki County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south of Ryczywół, 13 km (8 mi) north of Oborniki, and 42 km (26 mi) north of the regional capital Poznań.

## Notable residents

* Kuno von Westarp (1864–1945), German politician
# Ludwikowo, Śrem County

Ludwikowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Brodnica, within Śrem County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) east of Brodnica, 8 km (5 mi) northwest of Śrem, and 30 km (19 mi) south of the regional capital Poznań. The Eastern end of the Żabińskie Mountains reaches here. From 1975 to 1998, Ludwikowo administratively belonged to Poznań Voivodeship.
# Small penis humiliation

Small penis humiliation (SPH) is a form of verbal erotic humiliation involving the penis where a dominant person usually consensually degrades a submissive's penis. The practice may involve sexual acts or just the verbal humiliation itself; it may take place in public or in private.
Submissive men who enjoy SPH do not necessarily have small penises. They like the idea of being humiliated and having the penis treated as useless, especially involving penis size-related offenses or mocking the penis in general. Some women get sexually aroused with the power to be the ultimate judge of a man's penis and to humiliate him. For many, weakening the sense of manhood imposed by society can be erotic.
SPH is often associated with cuckoldry when the submissive man is rejected and humiliated with the argument that he cannot satisfy his partner or his penis is not large enough to pleasure anyone. Some relate SPH to feminization as well, and even compare the submissive's penis size to the size of a clitoris during humiliation, although this way of degrading the penis is not well accepted by all dominant women because female genitalia should not be a way of insulting the penis.
Some small penis humiliations are also done online. The submissive man may post pictures of his penis on the internet for the purpose of being mocked. In many cases, there is a BDSM session via webcam, where a dominatrix humiliates the submissive through the video.
# Psusennes III

Psusennes III was the High Priest of Amun at Thebes (976 – 943 BC) at the end of the 21st Dynasty. Little is known of this individual; he is thought by some to be the same person as pharaoh Psusennes II. His name appears on a document found at the 'mummy cache' DB320, which describes him as a son of the High Priest Pinedjem II. This makes him a possible candidate for Psusennes II because Pinedjem II died in Year 10 of Siamun, who was the immediate predecessor of this pharaoh.
# Llangynyw

Llangynyw (also Llangyniew) is a hamlet and community in Montgomeryshire, Powys, mid Wales. It is located on a hill inside a bend in the River Banwy, approximately two miles north-east of Llanfair Caereinion. The community includes the hamlet of Pontrobert.
The focus of the hamlet is the Parish Church of St. Cynyw, which dates from between 1450 and 1500 and is a Grade II* listed building.
The parish of Llangynyw had a population of 551 when the 1801 census was taken, 430 in 1901, and 295 in 1971, increasing back to 582 at the 2011 census.
Pentre Camp, an Iron Age hillfort, is near the hamlet.
# Hannah Van Buren

Hannah Hoes Van Buren (born Hoes; March 8, 1783 – February 5, 1819) was the wife of the eighth President of the United States, Martin Van Buren. Very little is known about her. She died from tuberculosis in 1819, before Martin Van Buren became president. He never remarried and was one of the few Presidents to be unmarried while in office.

## Marriage and children

Hannah Hoes married her childhood friend and cousin Martin Van Buren in 1807 when she was 23 and he was 24. She gave birth to five children, one of whom died in infancy.

## Death

Hannah Hoes passed away from tuberculosis on February 5, 1819, at the age of 35. During Van Buren's term, his daughter-in-law Angelica acted as hostess of the White House and First Lady of the United States. When writing his autobiography, Van Buren did not mention his wife once, possibly to shield her from public references.
# Lyman Hine

Lyman Northrop Hine (June 22, 1888 – March 5, 1930) was an American bobsledder who competed in the late 1920s. Born in Brooklyn, New York, he won a silver medal in the five-man bobsleigh event at the 1928 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz. Lyman Is buried in Locust Valley Cemetery, Locust Valley, New York.
# Exposition Park (Kansas City)

Exposition Park is a former baseball ground located in Kansas City, Missouri, United States. The ground was home to the Kansas City Cowboys of the American Association for the 1888 and 1889 seasons.
It was located at 15th and Montgall from 1888 to 1902 in the 18th and Vine-Downtown East, Kansas City neighborhood. It was on the grounds of the Kansas City exposition park which had opened in 1886 between 12th and 15th Street on Kansas Street—the center piece of which was an 80,000 square foot building modeled on The Crystal Palace until it was destroyed in 1901 in a fire that had occurred just a week after plans were announced to dismantle it.
The exact location and orientation of the ballpark, per Sanborn maps, was East 15th Street (now Truman Avenue) (south, first base); the imaginary line of what is now the west edge of Montgall Avenue (and formerly the Exposition Driving Park Speeding Stables) (west, third base); the imaginary line of what is now the north edge of East 14th Street (and formerly the Exposition Driving Park) (north, left field); roughly the western edge of the parking lot between Chestnut and Kansas Avenue (formerly the training areas of the park) (east, right field).
The first football game between Kansas and Missouri was played here on October 31, 1891 (Kansas beat Missouri 22–8 before a crowd of about 3,000). Exposition Park also played host to a game between the Chicago Cubs and St. Louis Cardinals on October 15, 1892. Until 2023, this was the only time the National League rivals had met outside their respective cities.
It was site of one of the first night games when the Kansas City Blues played the Sioux City Cornhuskers on August 28, 1894—an event in which the players dressed in costume. The Cornhuskers were bought by Charles Comiskey following the 1894 season and eventually became the Chicago White Sox.
The stadium was also home to other Kansas City teams: the Kansas City Blues of the American Association and the Kansas City Maroons.
# Ludwinowo, Greater Poland Voivodeship

Ludwinowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pępowo, within Gostyń County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) north-west of Pępowo, 11 km (7 mi) south-east of Gostyń, and 68 km (42 mi) south of the regional capital Poznań.
# Lulin, Grodzisk Wielkopolski County

Lulin is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Grodzisk Wielkopolski, within Grodzisk Wielkopolski County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.
# Lulin, Oborniki County

Lulin is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Oborniki, within Oborniki County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) south-west of Oborniki and 25 km (16 mi) north-west of the regional capital Poznań.
# Hoffman's Course of Legal Study

Hoffman's Course of Legal Study is an 1817 legal textbook by American law professor David Hoffman that was influential in the development of America's first law school curricula. An early American law professor, Hoffman was largely forgotten for generations but has gained more attention since the 1970s and been called "the first of the systemic legal educators" and "the father of American legal ethics".

## History

Originally published in 1817 as A Course of Legal Study; Respectfully Addressed to the Students of Law in the United States, the book was more commonly referred to as "Hoffman's Course of Legal Study". Author David Hoffman released the book when there were 40 lawyers practicing in Baltimore and shortly after founding the University of Maryland School of Law in 1816. He republished the book in 1836 as A Course of Legal Study, Addressed to Students and the Profession Generally, around the time he was losing interest in his law school and legal practice.
The book included an extensive reading list and a guide for producing one's own series of notebooks to use while reading law. Hoffman designed the course to require between five and seven years to complete, but Supreme Court Associate Justice Joseph Story believed it should take at least seven. Hoffman's Course was influential in the development of America's first law school curricula and Hoffman has been called "the first of the systemic legal educators" and "the father of American legal ethics".
Hoffman was left out of The Bench and Bar of Maryland: A History 1634 to 1901 (1901), but his approach to legal ethics gained renewed attention in the 1970s after the Watergate scandal. The "moral crisis" that President Nixon's lawyers had "blindly followed the demands of their client" was compared to Hoffman's conclusion that "a lawyer's duty to a client was limited by his duties to society".

## Reception

The same year it was first published, Joseph Story recommended Hoffman's Course of Legal Study in the North American Review, and said of Hoffman that "the writers whom he recommends are of the very best authority; and his own notes are composed in a tone of the most enlarged philosophy, and abound in just and discriminating criticism, and in precepts calculated to elevate the moral as well as intellectual character of the Profession". Writer and lawyer John Neal claimed to have completed Hoffman's course in only sixteen months and he gave a positive review to the book in 1819, saying that he was "a student who ... but for that work, might have continued a student for years, without any further understanding of the science". John Gage Marvin offered praise for the book in his 1847 legal bibliography, calling it "a work of peculiar excellence ... a priceless contribution to young men just starting upon the life-long study of the law" and "truly a bibliographical treasure, that none will do without who are in downright earnest in studying the law".