OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Rule of sevens

The rule of sevens, in English common law, establishes three age brackets for determining a young person's capacity to be responsible for torts and crimes. Children under the age of seven cannot be held to have capacity, while there is a rebuttable presumption that a minor aged 7 to 14 lacks capacity; for those aged 14 to 21, there is a rebuttable presumption of capacity. The rule of sevens is also used in determining capacity to give informed assent to participate in clinical trials.

## Examples

Tennessee applies this rule by rebuttably presuming that any minor aged 7–13 is not mature enough to consent to medical procedures, while minors aged 14 and older are.
North Carolina applies this rule to the civil liability of children in automobile accidents. Under that state's law, if someone is found to be acting negligently, any injury from a resulting accident cannot be compensated for. When applied to children and automobile accidents, any child under the age of seven cannot be negligent regardless of their actions; it is presumed that children between the ages of seven and thirteen are not negligent unless their actions are deemed to be unreasonable for someone of that age; and anyone between the ages of fourteen and seventeen is held to the same standard as adults unless evidence is entered that contradicts that presumption.
# Metrorail KwaZulu-Natal

Metrorail KwaZulu-Natal is a network of commuter rail services in and around the city of Durban in KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa. It is operated by Metrorail, a division of the Passenger Rail Agency of South Africa (PRASA).
Services are provided by electric multiple units of Class 5M2 and Class 10M. Most services pass through the two main stations in central Durban, Berea Road and Durban Station, except for those that operate from southern parts of Durban to Wests station on the Bluff.

## Lines

* The South Coast Line operates along the Indian Ocean coastline from Kelso through Scottburgh, Umkomaas, Amanzimtoti and Isipingo to central Durban.
* The Bluff Line operates from Wests station, along the Bluff to three different destinations: central Durban, Umlazi, and Chatsworth.
* The New Main Line operates from Cato Ridge through Mariannhill to central Durban.
* The Old Main Line operates from Pinetown through Queensburgh to central Durban.
* The North Coast Line operates the coastline from Stanger through Tongaat, Verulam and Durban North to central Durban.
* The KwaMashu-Umlazi Line operates from KwaMashu through central Durban to Umlazi.
* The Chatsworth Line operates from Chatsworth to central Durban.
# Cumidava

Cumidava (also Comidava, Komidava, Ancient Greek: Κομίδαυα) was originally a Dacian settlement, and later a Roman military camp on the site of the modern city of Râșnov (15 km from Brașov) in Romania.

## Etymology

After the Roman conquest of Dacia, the Dacian name Comidava was modified by the Latin writers to Cumidava. (It is common in the Late Latin inscriptions to express the letter "o" by "u", e.g. patrunus instead of patronus 'protector', and Latin rumpia instead of Greek ρομφαια (Rhomphaia) 'Thracian claymore / sword'.)
The name Comidava is a compound of dava 'town' and "comi". Scholars' opinions about the meaning of the Dacian word "Comi/Cumi" include:
* 'Desire, love'—a word explained by the ancient Iranian Kamya, with an obscure pronunciation of the "a". The term "Comi" is also contained in the name of the Dacian prince and priest Como-sicus
* 'Lovely' (Romanian Drăgănești)
Another town named Comidava / Cumidava was situated in the Remesiana's territory

## History
### Early references

Early references to Cumidava are made by the geographer Ptolemy in his Geographia, in the form Komidava (Ancient Greek: Κομίδαυα).
An inscription on stone dedicated to Julia Avita Mamaea, the mother of the Roman Emperor Alexander Severus (dated 222-235 AD), allows the localization of the Dacian settlement Cumidava in the area of present-day Râșnov.
The archaeological research at Râșnov was initiated in 1856 by Johann Michael Ackner and continued in 1939 by Macrea Mihail who also recorded the presence of Dacian pottery during the digs at the Rasnov Roman camp
The inscription found in 1939:
   Iuliae Mameae augustae matri Domini nostri sanctissimi Imperatoris Caesaris Severi Alexandri augusti et castrorum senatusque cohors Vindelicorum Piae fidelis Cumidavensis Alexandrianae ex quaestura sua dedicante la sdio Dominatio legato augusti III Daciarum
After Roman conquest, a part of the kingdom of Dacia was included in the Roman Empire. Septimius Severus (Roman emperor from 193 to 211 AD) pushed Dacia's eastern frontier approximately 10 to 14 kilometers (6.2 to 8.7 miles) east of the Olt River (Limes Transalutanus), constructing a series of 14 camps, over a distance of cca. 225 kilometers (140 mi), beginning at Flămânda on the Danube and stretching northward to Cumidava (now Râșnov).
Cumidava had a military road link with Angustia (now Brețcu), the farthest east of the Roman campus in Dacia.

### From a Dacian town to a Roman military castrum

The Roman military castrum Cumidava was identified at 4 km northwest of the city Râșnov, at the common border with the city of Vulcan.

## Sinaia lead plates

Cumidava is mentioned also on the controversial Sinaia lead plates in the form Comidava, which is used as example to debunk the myth about them. According to the director of the Romanian Institute of Archaeology, Alexandru Vulpe, the tablets include only what was known before 1900, for example, the form Comidava from Ptolemy, although now it's known that the correct spelling is Cumidava, as found in 1942 in an inscription.
# Texas tea

Texas tea or Texas TEA may refer to:
* Petroleum, crude oil drilled from the Earth
* A variation of Long Island Iced Tea, a mixed drink made primarily of a high concentration of alcoholic ingredients and whisky, without any actual iced tea
* "Texas Tea", a song by Post Malone from Austin
* Purple Drank, a drug composed of Sprite and prescription cough syrup
* A video slot machine themed around the Texas oil industry
* A live-action episode of The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!
* The Texas Education Agency (TEA)
# Fernando Fonseca

Fernando Manuel Ferreira Fonseca (born 14 March 1997) is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays as a right-back for AVS Futebol SAD.

## Club career
### Porto

Born in Porto, Fonseca joined FC Porto's youth system in 2009, from neighbours Boavista FC. While at the service of the former's under-19 squad he won two consecutive national championships, under the guidance of former club player António Folha; his contribution was praised by the media, who described an enormous work capacity on the right flank and aggressiveness in ball disputes.
In the beginning of the 2016–17 season, Fonseca was promoted to the reserves by Luís Castro. His senior debut arrived on 24 August 2016, in a 2–1 home win against S.C. Olhanense in the Segunda Liga where he played the full 90 minutes. The following month he signed a contract extension until 2020, although no values of the termination clause were disclosed.
Fonseca played his first match in the Primeira Liga on 6 May 2017, profiting from the absence of the suspended Maxi Pereira and featuring the entire 1–1 away draw with C.S. Marítimo. For the following campaign, he was loaned to fellow top-division team G.D. Estoril Praia.

### Gil Vicente

On 30 August 2019, Fonseca ended his decade-long link to Porto by signing for Gil Vicente F.C. as a replacement for Kellyton. He made his debut two weeks later, in a 2–0 loss at S.L. Benfica.
On 8 March 2020, Fonseca suffered a serious left ankle injury against C.D. Santa Clara, and had to wait for surgery due to the coronavirus pandemic that had also postponed the top-flight season.

### Paços Ferreira

Fonseca joined F.C. Paços de Ferreira on a three-year contract in September 2020. On 15 February 2023, he left by mutual consent.

### AVS

On 8 July 2023, Fonseca agreed to a two-year deal with recently-founded second tier club AVS Futebol SAD.

## International career

Aged 19, Fonseca was selected by manager Rui Jorge for his 2016 Summer Olympics squad due to Fábio Sturgeon's injury. He was first-choice during the competition in Brazil, in an eventual quarter-final exit.
Fonseca earned his first cap for the under-21 side on 2 September 2016, in a 0–0 home draw against Israel in the 2017 UEFA European Under-21 Championship qualifiers.
# Champmeslé

Charles Chevillet, sieur de Champmeslé, (20 October 1642 – 22 August 1701) was a 17th-century French actor and playwright (see Troupe of the Comédie-Française in 1680).

## Biography

Champmeslé made his theatre debut in 1665 in a troupe of the province, and married Marie Desmares in Rouen on 9 January 1666. He then played at the Théâtre du Marais then at the Hôtel de Bourgogne and became one of the first sociétaires of the Comédie-Française.
When he died, coming out of a tavern, the priest of Saint-Sulpice refused the funeral service and Champmeslé was buried in the garden of his house in Asnières.
Champmeslé also wrote less than a dozen theatre plays, including some in collaboration with Jean de La Fontaine.

## Works

He wrote several comedies such as:
* Les Grisettes, 3 acts;
* Les Grissettes ou Crispin chevalier, 1 act;
* Le Florentin;
* La Coupe enchantée; these two last plays he composed in association with Jean de La Fontaine.
His Œuvres were collected in 1696.
# Centaurodendron dracaenoides

Centaurodendron dracaenoides is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is endemic to Robinson Crusoe Island in the Juan Fernández Islands of Chile. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# Centaurodendron palmiforme

Centaurodendron palmiforme is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is endemic to Robinson Crusoe Island in the Juan Fernández Islands of Chile.
# Emperor's Cup and Empress' Cup All Japan Volleyball Championship

Emperor's Cup and Empress' Cup All Japan Volleyball Championship (天皇杯・皇后杯全日本バレーボール選手権大会, Tennōhai Kōgōhai Zen Nippon Volleyball Senshuken Taikai) is a Japanese volleyball competition that was established in 2007. It is organized by the Japan Volleyball Association.
The word Tennō (天皇) means the Emperor of Japan, and the term Kōgō (皇后) is the Empress of Japan. The Tennō Kōgō Commemorative Cup is given to the champion of the tournament. The Commemorative Cup was given to the winner of the Kurowashiki All Japan Volleyball Championship until 2006.

## Champions

| Year | Men | Women |
| 2007 | JT Thunders | Toray Arrows |
| 2008 | Toray Arrows | Toyota Auto Body Queenseis |
| 2009 | Panasonic Panthers | Hisamitsu Springs |
| 2010 | Suntory Sunbirds | Denso Airybees |
| 2011 | Panasonic Panthers | Toray Arrows |
| 2012 | Panasonic Panthers | Hisamitsu Springs |
| 2013 | Toray Arrows | Hisamitsu Springs |
| 2014 | JT Thunders | Hisamitsu Springs |
| 2015 | Toyoda Gosei | Hisamitsu Springs |
| 2016 | Toray Arrows | Hisamitsu Springs |
| 2017 | Panasonic Panthers | Toyota Auto Body Queenseis |
| 2018 | JT Thunders | Hisamitsu Springs |
| 2019 | Tournament cancelled due to COVID-19 pandemic | Tournament cancelled due to COVID-19 pandemic |
| 2020 | JTEKT Stings | JT Marvelous |
| 2021 | Wolfdogs Nagoya | Hisamitsu Springs |
| 2022 | JTEKT Stings | NEC Red Rockets |
| 2023 | Panasonic Panthers | NEC Red Rockets |
| 2024 | Suntory Sunbirds | Victorina Himeji |

## MVP by edition

From the 2021 edition, the MVP Award has been created. The prize money for the MVP award is JP¥100,000.
| Year | Men | Women |
| 2021 | Bartosz Kurek | Arisa Inoue |
| 2022 | Masahiro Yanagida | Sarina Koga |
| 2023 | Yuji Nishida | Sarina Koga |
| 2024 | Ran Takahashi | Arisa Inoue |

## Prize money

* The winner: JP¥10,000,000
* Runner-up: JP¥4,000,000.
Capcom Award
As Capcom signed 3 year partnership contract with JVA, Capcom Award was established for the winner. Another ten million Japan Yen (JP¥10,000,000) per gender will be given for three consecutive years starting in 2022. It makes the Emperor's Cup and Empress' Cup All Japan Volleyball Championship become the highest endowed tournament in Japan.
# 2017 XO2

2017 XO$_2$, also written 2017 XO2, is a sub-kilometer asteroid and near-Earth object of the Apollo group approximately 110 meters (360 feet) in diameter. The asteroid was discovered by Pan-STARRS in December 2017, after it already had approached Earth at 0.051 AU (7,600,000 km) or 20 lunar distances (LD) on 6 November 2017. On 26 April 2057, it will pass Earth at a similar distance of 21 LD again.

## Discovery and observations

2017 XO$_2$ was discovered by Pan-STARRS at Haleakala Observatory, Hawaii, on 10 December 2017, when the asteroid was about 0.3 AU (45,000,000 km; 28,000,000 mi) from Earth and had a solar elongation of 125°.
On 20 January 2018 with a 40-day observation arc, it reached Torino scale 1 with an estimated 1 in 3000 chance of impacting Earth on 28 April 2057. The nominal JPL Horizons 28 April 2057 Earth distance was estimated at 0.001 AU (100,000 km; 90,000 mi) with a 3-sigma uncertainty of ±52 million km. NEODyS listed the nominal 28 April 2057 Earth distance at 0.03 AU (4,500,000 km; 2,800,000 mi). A Monte Carlo simulation using Solex 12 with 1000 clones of the asteroid generated one impactor.
On 27 January 2018 Pan-STARRS precovery images from November and December 2011 were announced, and 2017 XO$_2$ was removed from the Sentry Risk Table. These precovery images extended the observation arc from 40 days to 6.21 years. It is now known that on 26 April 2057 the asteroid will be just past closest approach roughly 0.056 AU (8,400,000 km; 5,200,000 mi) from Earth with a 3-sigma uncertainty of ±3000 km.
The asteroid was last observed on 20 January 2018 at apparent magnitude 24 by T14 Mauna Kea. As the asteroid is becoming very faint, further observations during this approach are difficult. The next good chance to recover the asteroid will be between March and late April 2022 when the asteroid will pass about 0.0544 AU (8,140,000 km; 5,060,000 mi) from Earth.

## Orbit and classification

2017 XO$_2$ is an Apollo asteroid, the largest group of near-Earth objects and Earth-crossing asteroids with approximately 10 thousand known members. It orbits the Sun at a distance of 0.72–1.55 AU once every 15 months (440 days; semi-major axis of 1.13 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.36 and an inclination of 15° with respect to the ecliptic. The asteroid has a notably low minimum orbital intersection distance with Earth of 40,400 km (0.00027 AU), or 0.11 LD.

## Physical characteristics

On the Sentry Risk Table, the object had an estimated mean diameter of 110 meters (360 feet). Based on a generic magnitude-to-diameter conversion, 2017 XO$_2$ measures between 100 and 200 meters in diameter, for an absolute magnitude of 22.4, and an assumed albedo between 0.05 and 0.20, which represent typical values for carbonaceous and stony asteroids, respectively. As of 2018, no rotational lightcurve of this object has been obtained from photometric observations. The body's rotation period, pole and shape remain unknown.

## Numbering and naming

This minor planet has neither been numbered nor named.
# Lan Xiya

Lan Xiya (Chinese: 兰西雅; pinyin: Lán Xīyǎ; born 22 December 1998) is a Chinese actress and singer.

## Early life

Born in 1998 in Enshi City in Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Lan is of Tujia ethnicity. In 2021, she graduated from the Department of Theatre Performance at Wuhan University. Following graduation, she moved to Beijing.

## Entertainment career

In 2019, she participated in the music role model program The Coming One: Girls, thus officially entering into the entertainment industry. In 2020, she starred as a military nurse in the TV drama With You, which was based on real stories during the COVID-19 pandemic in China.
On 25 January 2021, she starred in the new year's comedy Vacation of Love, which was broadcast on iQiyi and Beijing Radio and Television Station. In February 2022, she starred in the sequel of Vacation of Love and sang the theme song "The 7th Star". On November of the same year, she participated in The Light of Global Domestic Products, a large-scale national economic, trade and cultural exchange program. In 2023, Lan starred in the comedy film Post-Truth, her first film role. In December of the same year, she starred in her second film, Johnny Keep Walking, which became the third most box office-earnings of a New Year's Day film in Chinese film history.
In March 2024, Lan starred in the historical spy war drama War of Faith, which was set in the era of the Republic of China. Also on the same year, she starred as Red Guard Tang Hongjing in the Season 1 of Netflix series 3 Body Problem, which was based on the Chinese novel series Remembrance of Earth's Past by Chinese author Liu Cixin.

## Filmography

Key :
| † | Denotes works that have not yet been released |

### Films

| Year | Title | Role |
| 2023 | Post-Truth | receptionist at the cemetery |
| 2023 | Johnny Keep Walking | He Xuan |
| 2024 | Under One Person | |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2020 | With You | Military nurse Zhang Lin | |
| 2021 | Vacation of Love | Wen Ruonan | |
| 2022 | Vacation of Love 2 | Bar singer | |
| 2023 | Till The End of the Moon | Night Phantom | |
| 2024 | War of Faith | Niu Chunmiao |
| 2024 | 3 Body Problem | Tang Hongjing | Season 1 |
| 2025 | Girls' School in the Mountains | Guyu | |

## Singles

| Year | Title | Length |
| 2021 | "You Were Meant for Me" | 2:59 |
| 2022 | "The 7th Star" | 3:44 |
| 2024 | "It's No Me" | 6:23 |
# Ulmus parvifolia 'Emer II'

Ulmus parvifolia 'Emer II' or 'Emerald Vase' (selling name Allee) is a Chinese Elm cultivar selected by Dr. Michael A. Dirr and cloned in the late 1980s from a tree planted circa 1910 on the University of Georgia campus at Athens, that had survived ice-storms undamaged. It was patented in 1991.

## Description

Allee can reach a height of about 15 m, with a more upright crown shape than its stablemate Athena, its spread approximately 13 m, with arching branches bearing medium green, glossy leaves turning orange to rust red in autumn. The exfoliating, mottled bark has a puzzle-like pattern, and is considered attractive.
* Leaves
* Bark
* Branching

## Pests and diseases

The species and its cultivars are highly resistant, but not immune, to Dutch elm disease, and unaffected by the Elm Leaf Beetle Xanthogaleruca luteola. As with the species overall, damage caused by Japanese Beetle is relatively slight (< 8% defoliation).

## Cultivation

Allee is reputedly drought tolerant, but in the elm trials conducted by Northern Arizona University at Holbrook, Arizona, it proved unsuited to the hot, arid climate and sustained over 50% mortality in its first year, as did its sibling Athena. The tree is being evaluated in the National Elm Trial coordinated by Colorado State University. With its more upright form, Allee has been described as a better street tree than the commonly planted lacebark elm 'Drake'. It has been planted by the north front of Austin Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon. Lines of Allee and Bosque in North Robinson Avenue and North Harvey Avenue, Oklahoma City, flank the Oklahoma City National Memorial. The tree has been introduced to Australia and Europe, and was marketed briefly in England by the Thornhayes Nursery, Devon.

## Accessions
### North America

* Bartlett Tree Experts, North Carolina, US. Acc. no. 2001-166
* Boone County Arboretum, Union, Kentucky, US. Accession number BT001113, planted 2009.
* Brenton Arboretum, Dallas Center, Iowa, US. One tree, acquired 2009. Acc. no. not known.
* Harry P. Leu Gardens, Orlando, Florida. No accession details available.
* Holden Arboretum, US. Acc. no. 98-26
* Scott Arboretum, US. Acc. no. 2000-006
* Smith College, US. Acc. nos 302, 33603
* U S National Arboretum, Washington, D.C., US. Acc. no. 64442
* University of Idaho arboretum, US. One tree. Acc. no. 1998010

## Nurseries
### North America

(Widely available)

### Australasia

* Fleming's Nursery , Monbulk, Victoria, Australia.
# James Tuchet, 7th Earl of Castlehaven

James Tuchet, 7th Earl of Castlehaven (15 April 1723 – 6 May 1769) was the son of James Tuchet, 6th Earl of Castlehaven and his wife, née Elizabeth Arundell.
He succeeded his father as Earl of Castlehaven and Baron Audley on 12 October 1740.
He was unmarried, and was succeeded on his death in 1769 by his brother, John. He owned much land and donated parts of the proceeds to the church.
# Goring (electoral division)

50°48′44″N 0°25′28″W﻿ / ﻿50.81233°N 0.42452°W﻿ / 50.81233; -0.42452
Goring is an electoral division of West Sussex in the United Kingdom, and returns one member to sit on West Sussex County Council.

## Extent

The division covers the neighbourhood of Goring-by-Sea, which forms part of the urban area of the town of Worthing and came into existence as the result of a boundary review recommended by the Boundary Committee for England, the results of which were accepted by the Electoral Commission in March 2009.
It falls entirely within the un-parished area of Worthing Borough and comprises the following borough wards: the southern part of Castle Ward and Goring Ward.

## Election results
### 2013 Election

Results of the election held on 2 May 2013:
Goring :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | Steve Waight | 1,079 | 42.0 | −12.0 |
| | UKIP | Richard Bater | 898 | 35.0 | +14.8 |
| | Labour | Janet Haden | 225 | 8.8 | +1.0 |
| | Liberal Democrats | Neil Campbell | 189 | 7.4 | −10.6 |
| | Green | David Aherne | 176 | 6.9 | N/A |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 181 | 7.0 | −26.8 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 2,567 | 31.3 | −8.1 |
| | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Swing | -13.4% | |

### 2009 Election

Results of the election held on 4 June 2009:
Goring :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | Steve Waight | 1,727 | 54.0 | |
| | UKIP | Richard Bater | 646 | 20.2 | |
| | Liberal Democrats | Nick John | 576 | 18.0 | |
| | Labour | James Elwood | 248 | 7.8 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1,081 | 33.8 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 3,197 | 39.4 | |
| | Conservative win (new seat) | Conservative win (new seat) | Conservative win (new seat) | Conservative win (new seat) | Conservative win (new seat) |
# Goczałkowo

Goczałkowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Niechanowo, in Gniezno County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) west of Niechanowo, 8 km (5 mi) south of Gniezno, and 50 km (31 mi) east of the regional capital Poznań.
# Goliszew, Greater Poland Voivodeship

Goliszew is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Żelazków, within Kalisz County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north of Żelazków, 16 km (10 mi) north-east of Kalisz, and 104 km (65 mi) south-east of the regional capital Poznań.
# Goranin, Gniezno County

Goranin is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Czerniejewo, within Gniezno County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.
# Gostkowo, Greater Poland Voivodeship

Gostkowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Miejska Górka, within Rawicz County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.
# Gołaszyn, Oborniki County

Gołaszyn is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Oborniki, within Oborniki County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) south-east of Oborniki and 27 km (17 mi) north of the regional capital Poznań.
# Gołunin

Gołunin is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pobiedziska, within Poznań County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.
# Gołuski

Gołuski is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dopiewo, within Poznań County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) east of Dopiewo and 13 km (8 mi) south-west of the regional capital Poznań.