OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Engraulicypris

Engraulicypris is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Danionidae, the danionins or danios. This genus is classified in the subfamily Chedrinae and the species in the genus are endemic to Africa. In a study of mitochondrial genealogy, the species formerly included in Mesobola are not phylogenetically separated from Engraulicypris and therefore should also be included in Engraulicypris.

## Species

There are currently 7 recognized species in this genus:
* Engraulicypris bredoi Poll, 1945
* Engraulicypris brevianalis (Boulenger, 1908) (river sardine)
* Engraulicypris gariepinus Barnard, 1943
* Engraulicypris howesi Riddin, I. R. Bills & Villet, 2016
* Engraulicypris ngalala Riddin, Villet & I. R. Bills, 2016
* Engraulicypris sardella (Günther, 1868) (Lake Malawi sardine)
* Engraulicypris spinifer R. G. Bailey & Matthes, 1971 (Malagarasi sardine)
# St Anthony Battery

St Anthony Battery is a former 19th century gun battery at St Anthony Head, Roseland Peninsula, Cornwall, England. It was built in 1895-97 and served during both World Wars. Following its decommissioning in 1956, the battery was acquired by the National Trust.

## History

The battery was built in 1895-97 to defend the estuary of the River Fal and originally installed with two BL 6-inch Mk VI naval guns. They were replaced in 1903-04 with BL 6-inch Mk VII naval guns, which remained in place until 1924. After a period under care and maintenance, the battery was rearmed during World War II with two 6-inch VII guns, with an additional two Ordnance QF 3-pounder Vickers placed nearby. The battery also served as an examination battery alongside Half Moon Battery at Pendennis Castle.
Following the dissolution of coast artillery in the United Kingdom in 1956, the battery's two gun emplacements were infilled with rubble and earth, while the site was acquired by the National Trust in 1959. In 2012, the eastern gun emplacement was excavated and restored as part of the "Unlocking our Coastal Heritage" project, which aimed to "increase the economic value of the South West Coast Path by protecting and enhancing heritage features". The battery is accessible to the public, while tours are carried out during the peak season by the National Trust.
# Koroa

The Koroa were one of the groups of Indigenous people of the Southeastern Woodlands who lived in the Mississippi Valley before French colonization. The Koroa lived in the Yazoo River basin in present-day northwest Mississippi.

## Language

The Koroa are believed to have spoken a dialect of Tunica. However, French missionaries described the Koroa (which they spelled Courouais) as speaking the same language as the Yazoo but a different tongue from the Tunica. They may have described a distinct dialect or a related Tunican language.

## Name

Jacques Marquette referred to this tribe by the name Akoroa.

## History
### 15th century

The Koroa may be the tribe identified by Hernando de Soto's expedition as the Coligua or Cologoa. They may have met the Spanish expedition in 1541 near present-day Little Rock, Arkansas.

### 17th century

The Koroa lived on both sides of the Mississippi River when the French encountered them in the late 17th century. At least one of their villages was on the river's east bank. In 1682, La Salle visited a Koroa village on the Western side of the Mississippi twice, both on the descent and the return journey. His party was feasted there, and saw Quinipissas, whom they described as the Koroa's allies, living in the village.
A 1698 French missionary expedition also found them living in the same area as the Tunica, Yazoo, and Houspé, and Father Antoine Davion was assigned to missionize them.

### 18th century

In 1702, a French Catholic missionary named Nicolas Foucault was killed while serving among the Koroa. The tribe's leaders had the murderers executed. Many members of the Koroa tribe joined with the Tunica, Chickasaw, or Natchez tribes after European diseases had severely depleted their population.
# Ṅ

Ṅ (lowercase ṅ) is a letter of the Latin and Sanskrit alphabet, formed by N with the addition of a dot above.
The letter is used in Venda and Emilian-Romagnol for the voiced velar nasal (IPA: ŋ), corresponding to the pronunciation of the English digraph "ng" in final position.
Furthermore, the letter is used in some transliteration systems of South Asian languages. The letter is used in the International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration for the "ng" sound corresponding to the Indian letters ङ / ঙ / ਙ / ઙ / ଙ / ங / ఙ / ಙ / ങ / ඞ. The letter is also used in the ISO 9 transliteration of the Cyrillic letter Ҥ.

## Usage in various languages
### Emilian

Ṅ is used in Emilian to represent [ŋ], e.g. faréṅna [faˈreŋːna] "flour".

### Romagnol

In Romagnol the use of letter Ṅ is limited to linguistics to represent [ŋ].

### Balinese

In Balinese, "ṅ" is used to represent [ŋ].

## Computer display

Character information :
| Preview | Ṅ | Ṅ | ṅ | ṅ |
| Unicode name | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH DOT ABOVE | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH DOT ABOVE | LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH DOT ABOVE | LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH DOT ABOVE |
| Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex |
| Unicode | 7748 | U+1E44 | 7749 | U+1E45 |
| UTF-8 | 225 185 132 | E1 B9 84 | 225 185 133 | E1 B9 85 |
| Numeric character reference | &#7748; | &#x1E44; | &#7749; | &#x1E45; |
Unicode contains the Ṅ with the code points U+1E44 (uppercase) and U+1E45 (lowercase).
In TeX one can type the Ṅ with the commands \.N or \.n.
# Shandur National Park

Shandur-Hundrup National Park is a protected area situated in the Pakistan administered north-western region, within the Gupis Yasin District in Gilgit-Baltistan.

## History

It was declared as a national park in 1993 and has an area of 51,800 hectares or 766 km$^2$.

## The Park

Shandur-Hundrup covers a total area of approximately 1,986 square kilometers, with its highest point being the Shandur Pass, which stands at an elevation of 3,700 meters.
The Shandur Polo Ground is located at an elevation of approximately 3,700 meters above sea level. The ground is the highest polo field in the world and is host to the annual Shandur Polo Festival, which is a popular event that attracts visitors from all over the world.

## Species

There are 17 species found in the national park, 8 mammals and 9 birds.

### Mammals

| Name of animal | Scientific name | Status |
| Cape hare | Lepus capensis | Least concerned |
| Himalayan brown bear | Ursus arctos isabellinus | Near threatened |
| Himalayan ibex | Capra sibirica | Near threatened |
| Himalayan lynx | Lynx lynx isabellinus | Least concerned |
| Indian wolf | Canis lupus pallipes | Endangered |
| Pallas's cat | Otocolobus manul | Least concerned |
| Snow Leopard | Panthera uncia | Vulnerable |
| Stone marten | Martes foina | Least concerned |

### Birds

| Name of bird | Scientific name | Status |
| Booted Eagle | Hieraaetus pennatus | Least concerned |
| Chukar partridge | Alectoris chukar | Least concerned |
| Common kestrel | Falco tinnunculus | Least concerned |
| Eurasian sparrowhawk | Accipiter nisus | Least concerned |
| Golden eagle | Aquila chrysaetos | Least concerned |
| Himalayan vulture | Gyps himalayensis | Near threatened |
| Eurasian hobby | Falco subbuteo | Least concerned |
| Peregrine falcon | Falco peregrinus | Least concerned |
| Himalayan snowcock | Tetraogallus tibetanus | Least concerned |
# Snowden Bridge

Snowden Bridge is a high-clearance, vertical-lift railroad bridge, built in 1913, that spans the Missouri River between Roosevelt and Richland Counties in Montana, USA, between Bainville and Fairview, Montana, and near Fort Union Trading Post National Historic Site and the ghost town of Mondak near Montana's eastern border with North Dakota. Snowden Bridge is a near twin of the Fairview Bridge, which crosses the Yellowstone River in North Dakota, both bridges having been built by Montana Eastern Railway within 10 miles (16 km) of each other over different rivers in different states.
The designer, John Alexander Low Waddell (1854–1938), based the Snowden Bridge on the South Halsted Street Bridge (1893) in Chicago. When completed, Snowden Bridge was the longest (1,159 feet (353 m)) vertical-lift bridge in the world. Its cost was $465,367, equivalent to at least $10,000,000 at the beginning of the 21st century.
The War Department required a movable span on the grounds that large steamboats might venture up the Missouri during the month or so that the river was navigable that far north. A kerosene engine in the lift house could raise it 43 feet (13 m) in about thirty minutes. In theory, the movable span might also be lifted by a hand-turned capstan. The span was last raised in 1935 and the lift machinery was removed in 1943.
In 1925, a plank roadbed was built for one-way vehicular and foot traffic, while the bridge continued to be used by the Great Northern Railroad. Although a long bridge with one-way traffic and shared with railroad trains should have been spectacularly hazardous, a 1981 study found that it was "so dangerous that it [was] safe" because drivers were extraordinarily cautious when crossing it.
In 1977, when the Burlington Northern moved to exclude motor vehicles from the bridge, funds for a modern road bridge were appropriated. Snowden Bridge remained usable for vehicular traffic until 1985, when the MonDak Bridge was completed nearby in North Dakota.
# 2012 PTT Pattaya Open

The 2012 PTT Pattaya Open was a women's professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 21st edition of the PTT Pattaya Open and was part of the International category on the 2012 WTA Tour. It took place at the Dusit Thani Hotel in Pattaya, Thailand from February 5 through February 12, 2012. Third-seeded Daniela Hantuchová won the singles title.
Third-seeded Daniela Hantuchová won her second consecutive singles title at the event and earned $37,000 first-prize money.

## Finals
### Singles

Daniela Hantuchová defeated Maria Kirilenko, 6–7$^{(4–7)}$, 6–3, 6–3
* It was Hantuchová's 1st singles title of the year and 5th of her career.

### Doubles

Sania Mirza / Anastasia Rodionova defeated Chan Hao-ching / Chan Yung-jan, 3–6, 6–1, [10–8]

## Singles main-draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Ranking$^1$ | Seed |
| RUS | Vera Zvonareva | 8 | 1 |
| SVK | Dominika Cibulková | 16 | 2 |
| SVK | Daniela Hantuchová | 20 | 3 |
| RUS | Maria Kirilenko | 26 | 4 |
| CHN | Zheng Jie | 35 | 5 |
| KAZ | Galina Voskoboeva | 46 | 6 |
| ROU | Sorana Cîrstea | 54 | 7 |
| USA | Vania King | 59 | 8 |
* $^1$ Rankings as of January 30, 2012

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the main draw:
* Noppawan Lertcheewakarn
* Nicha Lertpitaksinchai
* Nungnadda Wannasuk
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Chang Kai-Chen
* Hsieh Su-wei
* Varatchaya Wongteanchai
* Zhou Yimiao

### Retirements

* Laura Robson (lower back injury)
* Galina Voskoboeva (illness)
* Vera Zvonareva (left hip injury)

## Doubles main-draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| IND | Sania Mirza | AUS | Anastasia Rodionova | 41 | 1 |
| GRE | Eleni Daniilidou | THA | Tamarine Tanasugarn | 135 | 2 |
| UZB | Akgul Amanmuradova | JPN | Kimiko Date-Krumm | 142 | 3 |
| TPE | Chan Hao-ching | TPE | Chan Yung-jan | 147 | 4 |
* $^1$ Rankings are as of January 30, 2012

### Retirements

* Kai-Chen Chang (illness)
* Anne Keothavong (illness)
* Tamarine Tanasugarn (severe illness)
# 1863 in archaeology

Below are notable events in archaeology that occurred in 1863.

## Explorations

* Édouard Lartet and Henry Christy begin joint exploration of caves in the valley of the Vézère, in southern France.

## Excavations

* Excavations at Ephesus by John Turtle Wood begin.
* William Copeland Borlase supervises excavations of the re-discovered prehistoric settlement and fogou at Carn Euny in Cornwall.

## Publications

* Samuel Ferguson's Ogham Inscriptions in Ireland, Wales and Scotland is published posthumously.
* The text of the Iguvine Tablets (3rd–1st centuries BC) is first published, by Francis William Newman in London.
* Zeitschrift für ägyptisches Sprache und Altertumskunde begins publication.

## Finds

* April 15 – Winged Victory of Samothrace found at Samothrace by Charles Champoiseau. Made c.190 BC, it is now in the Musée du Louvre, Paris.
* April 20 – Augustus of Prima Porta in the Villa of Livia at Prima Porta, near Rome.
* Nydam Boats found in Denmark by Conrad Engelhardt.
* Early human jawbone found in proximity to flint tools at Moulin Quignon in France by Jacques Boucher de Crèvecœur de Perthes, subsequently considered a hoax perpetrated by one of his diggers.

## Miscellaneous

* Anthropological Society of London formed

## Births

* July 4 – Hugo Winckler, German Assyriologist (died 1913)
* July 13 – Margaret Murray, Anglo-Indian Egyptologist (died 1963)
* Francis Joseph Bigger, Irish antiquarian (died 1926)

## Deaths

* July 3 – Alexander Henry Rhind, Scottish Egyptologist (born 1833)
* November 4 [O.S. October 23] – Kyriakos Pittakis, Greek archaeologist (born c. 1798)
# The Jewish Quarterly

The Jewish Quarterly is an international Jewish publication that was based in the UK publication until 2021; the journal is now published by Australian publisher Morry Schwartz, With four issues released a year, The Jewish Quarterly focuses on issues of Jewish concern, but also has interests in wider culture and politics.

## History and profile

The Jewish Quarterly was founded by Jacob Sonntag in 1953 and was published in the UK, through to its hiatus in 2019. In 2021, the publication was relaunched by Australian publisher, Morry Schwartz, for international distribution. The current editor is Jonathan Pearlman, who also edits Australian Foreign Affairs for Schwartz Media. Previous editors have included Matthew Reisz, Elena Lappin and Rachel Shabi.
In 1974, Sonntag described The Jewish Quarterly:
   If I were asked how I envisaged The Jewish Quarterly when I started it more than twenty years ago, I would say that it was to cultivate literary journalism in the best tradition of Central and Eastern Europe and, in particular, in the best tradition of Eastern European Jewish writing ... I belong to the generation which looked for a synthesis between our Jewishness and our Europeanism, between our nationalism and our socialism, between the particular and the universal ... Part of our upbringing was to revere the printed word, to adorn it with a power of its own. How could truth and reason not prevail'? It was just a question of finding the right word, the right combination of words, and everything else would follow from it. Literature was a living thing for us, and the world of books knew no boundaries. We cherished the illusion that 'you have only to will it and your dreams would cease to be fairy tales' ... We felt as a collective, we had a sense of community, we felt called upon to add a link to the 'golden chain', handed to us by an earlier generation.
# Brent Neiman

Brent Neiman is an American academic, economist, and government official who serves as the acting assistant secretary of the Treasury for International Finance and Development at the United States Department of the Treasury in the Biden Administration.

## Education

Neiman attended the University of Pennsylvania and earned a Bachelor of Science in Economics and a Bachelor of Applied Science in 1999. In the following year, he received a master's degree from Oxford University. Neiman completed his doctorate in economics from Harvard University in 2008.

## Career
### Academic

Neiman is the Edward Eagle Brown Professor of Economics at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business. He co-founded the Global Capital Allocation Project and was a co-director of the Initiative for Global Markets and the Becker Friedman Institute Initiative for International Economics at the University of Chicago. In addition, he was a research associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research and a research fellow at the Center for Economic Policy Research. His research focuses on international finance, macroeconomics, and international trade.
He served as the staff economist for international finance on the White House Council of Economic Advisors. Neiman also worked at the Federal Reserve of Chicago, McKinsey and Company and, McKinsey Global Institute.

### U.S. Department of the Treasury

In August 2021, Neiman was nominated to serve as Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for International Finance. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on March 15, 2023, by a vote of 54–40. Prior to his confirmation, Neiman served as a Counselor to the Secretary of the Treasury.
In September 2020, Neiman gave a speech at the Peterson Institute for International Economics on cross-border debt, sovereign debt restructuring, and challenges to the global financial infrastructure that focused on China’s debt practices. In September 2023, Neiman gave a speech discussing the financial policy benefits of bilateral engagement between the U.S. and China.

## Selected articles

* Loukas Karabarbounis, Brent Neiman, The Global Decline of the Labor Share, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Volume 129, Issue 1, February 2014, Pages 61–103, https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjt032
* Eaton, Jonathan, Samuel Kortum, Brent Neiman, and John Romalis. 2016. "Trade and the Global Recession." American Economic Review, 106 (11): 3401-38.DOI: 10.1257/aer.20101557
* Gopinath, Gita, and Brent Neiman. 2014. "Trade Adjustment and Productivity in Large Crises." American Economic Review, 104 (3): 793-831 .DOI: 10.1257/aer.104.3.793
* Antonio Coppola, Matteo Maggiori, Brent Neiman, Jesse Schreger, Redrawing the Map of Global Capital Flows: The Role of Cross-Border Financing and Tax Havens, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Volume 136, Issue 3, August 2021, Pages 1499–1556, https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjab014
* Cavallo, Alberto, Gita Gopinath, Brent Neiman, and Jenny Tang. 2021. "Tariff Pass-Through at the Border and at the Store: Evidence from US Trade Policy." American Economic Review: Insights, 3 (1): 19-34 .DOI: 10.1257/aeri.20190536
# TTS

TTS may refer to:

## Places

* Taman Tasik Semenyih, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, a student town
* Toba Tek Singh District, a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan
* Toba Tek Singh Tehsil
* Toba Tek Singh, Punjab, Pakistan

## Schools

* Tamil Nadu Theological Seminary
* Tanglin Trust School, Singapore
* Thomas Telford School, a City Technology College in Telford, Shropshire

## Science
### Medicine

* Temporary threshold shift, auditory fatigue
* Tarsal tunnel syndrome, a foot condition
* Transdermal therapeutic system, a drug delivery system
* Thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome, a rare condition of blood clotting

### Other uses in science

* T Tauri star, in astronomy
* Three-taxon analysis, in phylogenetics
* Time-temperature superposition, in polymer physics
* Time translation symmetry, invariabilty of the laws of physics

## Technology

* Text-to-speech, in speech synthesis
* Teletypesetter, in telegraphy
* Transaction Tracking System, on the Novell NetWare OS
* Technology Transformation Services, of the US General Services Administration

## Transport

* Audi TTS, a car
* Tower Transit Singapore, a bus operator
* Tanker Transport Services BV, a Dutch barge tanker company

## Other uses

* Girls' Generation-TTS, a South Korean music subgroup
* Telegraphic transfer, a selling rate in Japan
* Tabletop Simulator, a video game emulating board games
* Trader tax status, a form of US business for securities trading
# South Canon Bridge

The South Canon Bridge is a truss footbridge spanning the Colorado River near Glenwood Springs, Colorado. It was built in 1915 by the Missouri Valley Bridge & Iron Co. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (reference number 85000212) in 1985.
It was built during 1914-15 and has a Pennsylvania truss design, with 10 panels. It was built by the Missouri Valley Bridge and Iron Company for $9430. It is 190 feet (58 m) long. It brought County Road 134 over the Colorado River about 4.6 miles (7.4 km) west of Glenwood Springs
It is now closed to vehicular traffic and used as a pedestrian bridge.
# South Dakota Department of Transportation Bridge No. 03-327-230

The South Dakota Dept. of Transportation Bridge No. 03-327-230, in Beadle County, South Dakota near Cavour, was a Queen post pony truss bridge which was built in 1913. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.
It brought a local road over Pearl Creek about 5 miles (8.0 km) south of Cavour.
It was built by the Iowa Bridge Company. In 1993 it was the longest Queen post pony truss bridge with a known builder in South Dakota.
The bridge was removed and scrapped in 2016.

## Photos

* Bridge # 03-321-230 Beadle Co, Nov 1988
# Yekaterina Ilyina

Yekaterina Fyodorovna Ilyina (Russian: Екатерина Фёдоровна Ильина, IPA:; born 7 March 1991) is a Russian handball player for HBC CSKA Moscow and the Russian national team.

## Individual awards

* Team of the Tournament Center Back of the Baia Mare Champions Trophy: 2014
* All star center back of the Møbelringen Cup 2015 in Norway
* MVP of Russian Super League 20/21
# South Dakota Department of Transportation Bridge No. 63-198-181

South Dakota Department of Transportation Bridge No. 63-198-181 was a historic bridge in rural Turner County, South Dakota, carrying 460th Avenue across the East Fork Vermillion River south of Davis. Built in 1909, it was a well-preserved example of bridges built for the county by the Iowa Bridge Company. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.

## Description and history

South Dakota Department of Transportation Bridge No. 63-198-181 was located about 1 mile (1.6 km) south of Davis, carrying 460th Avenue over the East Fork Vermillion River just north of 286th Street. It was a three-span structure, with timber-framed approach spans on either side of a central Pratt through truss. The main span was 95 feet (29 m), and rested on concrete piers, while the outermost supports were concrete abutments with flared wing walls. The truss elements were riveted together, and the bridge's deck support consisted of two layers of wooden planking set on timber beams laid over steel I-beams, which were riveted to hangar plates on the trusses.
The bridge was built in 1909 by the Iowa Bridge Company of Des Moines, Iowa. The county had a contract with that company to provide its steel truss bridges between 1905 and 1911, apparently as part of a common but illegal practice of "pooling", in which companies divided the state into areas where they did not compete against one another. This bridge was a typical example of the company's work. It was replaced between 2006 and 2008.