OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nimer Sultany

Nimer Sultany (Hebrew: נימר סולטני) is a Palestinian citizen of Israel, the author of two books on the situation of Palestinian citizens of that country, and a work on constitutional theory and Arab countries. He is a regular contributor to The Guardian and Jadaliyya.

## Biography

Sultany was born in Tira. He earned a Master's degree in law at Tel Aviv University. In the early 2000s he was coordinator of the Political Monitoring Project at the Haifa-based Arab Center for Applied Social Research-Mada. After another master's degree in Law from the University of Virginia, he enrolled in Harvard Law School where he obtained a Doctorate in Juridical Science (SJD), the most advanced law degree of its kind. At present he is Reader in Public law at SOAS in London.
In 2017 Oxford University Press published his major theoretical study Law and Revolution: Legitimacy and Constitutionalism After the Arab Spring, which was awarded the inaugural ICON-S book prize in 2018.

## Law and Revolution

Sultany's book is divided into three parts. In each, revolutions are examined in terms of a concept of legitimacy, legality and constitutionalism. His starting point is to analyse and challenge Nathan Brown's view that the dominant polity of the Arab world is one of "constitutions without constitutionalism".
# Werner Otto (cyclist)

Werner Otto (born 15 April 1948) is a retired track cyclist from East Germany. He competed in the 2000 m tandem at the 1968 and 1972 Olympics and won a silver medal in 1972, alongside Jürgen Geschke; they finished fifth in 1968. At the world championships Otto and Geschke won two gold, one silver and one bronze medal in 1969–1973.
# Jesús Villegas

Jesús A. Villegas Candelo (born 23 August 1946) is a Colombian hurdler. He competed in the men's 400 metres hurdles at the 1976 Summer Olympics.

## International competitions

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Colombia ||||||
| 1975 | South American Championships | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | 2nd | 400 m | 48.0 |
| 1975 | South American Championships | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | 2nd | 110 m hurdles | 14.4 |
| 1975 | South American Championships | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | 1st | 400 m hurdles | 50.8 |
| 1975 | South American Championships | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | 2nd | 4 × 100 m relay | 41.3 |
| 1975 | South American Championships | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | 4th | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:25.1 |
| 1975 | Pan American Games | Mexico City, Mexico | 8th | 110 m hurdles | 14.58 |
| 1975 | Pan American Games | Mexico City, Mexico | 6th | 400 m hurdles | 51.48 |
| 1976 | Olympic Games | Montreal, Canada | – | 400 m hurdles | DNF |
| 1977 | Bolivarian Games | La Paz, Bolivia | 1st | 110 m hurdles | 14.43 |
| 1977 | South American Championships | Montevideo, Uruguay | 2nd | 110 m hurdles | 15.04 |
| 1977 | South American Championships | Montevideo, Uruguay | 4th | 4 × 100 m relay | 43.0 |

## Personal bests

* 400 metres hurdles – 50.70 (1975)
# Taptu

Taptu was a social media and technology company that built platforms, tools and applications that enabled content on touch screen mobile devices, including phones running iOS and Android. Taptu was a privately held company that was founded in Cambridge, England, in 2007 and was funded by DFJ Esprit and Sofinnova. The company was based in Cambridge and Denver, Colorado, United States.
In September 2012, Taptu was acquired by Mediafed Ltd. The Taptu service shut down March 31, 2015, a year before Mediafed went into administration.

## Products
### Original product

Taptu's first product was a mobile search engine, provided as a website using html optimised for phones, and dedicated apps for iPhone and Android. It was closed in early 2011.

#### My Taptu

Its other product was My Taptu, a social news aggregator that drew heavily on the company’s mobile search heritage but attempts to move them beyond search. According to Taptu, the app, which was available on the iPhone and Android devices, was "aimed at solving information overload," or what Taptu calls "app hopping." It presented all the information that a person "is into" in a "one- stop app" through "streams," or what CNET described as “content playlists.” My Taptu tried to separate itself in the social news space by offering ways of personalization.

## Recognition and awards

* Overall Mobile Search Company of the Year, Mobile Search Awards, September 2008
* Best Search Provider 2008, Mobile Entertainment Awards
* Commercial Category, MEX Design Competition
* Red Herring Top 100 European Tech Startups, April 2008
* Global Community Award, MobileMonday Peer Awards, February 2008
* Meffys 2010, Winner of Content Discovery and Personalisation Award
* TechCrunch Europas 2010, Highly Commended in the category of Best Mobile Start Up
# Jonas R. Shurtleff House

The Jonas R. Shurtleff House was a historic house on United States Route 201 in Winslow, Maine. Built around 1850, it was a distinctive local example of vernacular Gothic Revival architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. It was demolished some time after 2018, and was delisted from the National Register in 2023.

## Description and history

The Jonas R. Shurtleff House stood in southern Winslow, on the west side of US 201, a short distance south of its junction with Maine State Route 137. It was a two-story wood-frame structure, with a gabled roof, vertical board siding, and a granite foundation. The main roof gable and side gables were adorned with bargeboard trim. The ground-floor windows were topped by extended cornices supported by narrow paired brackets, while second-floor windows were topped by square-headed moulding. The main entrance was sheltered by a porch with latticework trim forming Gothic arches. Above the entrance was a three-part Palladian-style window, and there was a triangular multilight window in the gable point above. The house's interior was decorated with modest Greek Revival trim.
The house was built sometime between 1850 and 1853 by Jonas Shurtleff, who had purchased the land in 1849. Its designer is not known; its more fanciful features, although borrowing in some ways from published materials on residential Gothic architecture, were largely vernacular. The house had been a local landmark and minor tourist attraction since its construction.
# Jonas Salisbury House (62 Walnut Park)

The Jonas Salisbury House is a historic house at 62 Walnut Park in Newton, Massachusetts. The 2+1⁄2-story wood-frame house was built about 1847, and was one of four temple-front mansions built in the Newton Corner area. Of these, it is the only one still standing. It has typical hallmarks of the Greek Revival style, with flushboarded facade, corner pilasters, and an entrance flanked by pilasters and set under a pediment. The property also includes a period carriage house. Jonas Salisbury was a significant property owner in Newton.
The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.
# Jonathan Barnes House

The Jonathan Barnes House is a historic house on North Street in Hillsborough, New Hampshire. Built about 1775, it is locally distinctive as one of only a few colonial-era houses, and is a well-preserved example of Georgian styling. It has also seen a number of socially significant uses, serving at times as a tavern, library, music school, and fraternal lodge. Surviving interior architectural details provide a significant view into the history of tavern architecture. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

## Description and history

The Jonathan Barnes House stands in the rural village of Hillsborough Center, on the east side of the triangular junction of Center and North streets. It is a 2+1⁄2-story wood-frame structure, with a gabled roof, two interior chimneys, and a clapboarded exterior, and is oriented facing south. The main facade is five bays wide, with a center entrance flanked by Tuscan pilasters and topped by a transom window and gabled pediment. Windows are rectangular sash with corniced caps; that above the entrance is smaller than the others. Two additions project from the east side of the main building, one of which is also of early construction. An 18th-century barn is located on the property to the north of the house.
The interior of the house follows a typical center hall plan, with two rooms on either side of the main hall. The rooms on the west side of the hall have fixtures consistent with their use as a tavern, and the second-floor chambers above them have configurable partition walls, enabling the space to be turned into a single large ballroom.
The house was built c. 1773-75 for the Rev. Jonathan Barnes, the first settled minister of the town. Local lore says that it was built by Isaac Baldwin, a local master carpenter who lost is life in the Battle of Bunker Hill, early in the American Revolutionary War. The house has seen a wide array of uses, including as a library (founded in 1797), music school, marching band facility (1825), and Masonic lodge. The tavern-related features of the interior are among the best-preserved of their type in the region.
# Bhowal

Bhowal/Bhawal is a surname of the Kayastha and brahmins. The origin of this surname is unclear and various sources indicate various origins but all can be traced to same family history. Due to some mysteries regarding the family's history many films, novels, Jatras, songs and cultural references were made on the family history. They're found in Assam, North Western to Central Bangladesh and West Bengal. Although the majority of the population migrated to India during the Partition of India in 1947, followed by East Pakistan Genocides of 1950, 1954–1956, 1965, a minority of the population still resides in Bangladesh.

## Geographical Distribution

As of 2014, 2,879 known bearers of this surname were from India out of 3,010 people (approximately) in the World. Others include Bangladesh, United Arab Emirates, the United States, etc. where a good number of these people reside.
# Jonathan Taylor Grimes House

The Jonathan Taylor Grimes House is one of the oldest standing houses in Edina, Minnesota, United States.

## Description and history

It was built in 1869, and appears to have been influenced by Andrew Jackson Downing's book The Architecture of Country Houses. The house is a 1½ story frame cottage with intersecting gable roofs, dormers, a bay window, and a shallow front porch. Gothic Revival details are found in the second-story windows, the steeply pitched roof lines, and the gabled wall dormers. Some Italianate influences are also present in the shallow portico and the wide eaves with scroll-cut brackets. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.
The owner of the house, Jonathan Taylor Grimes, was an early settler in the Edina area and a pioneer horticulturist. Grimes was born in Leesburg, Virginia in 1818 and moved to Terre Haute, Indiana in 1840. He married Eliza Angeline Gordon in 1843. Eliza and Jonathan, along with three small children, moved to Saint Anthony in 1854. In 1859, Grimes and a partner, William Rheem, purchased 160 acres (65 ha) in the southwest corner of what was then Richfield Township. This land included the Waterville Mill on Minnehaha Creek. The mill was later known as the Buckwater Mill, then the Browndale Mill, and finally the Edina Mill. Grimes later obtained a quit claim deed to 160 acres (65 ha) north and east of the mill, where he built the house in 1869. In 1867, Grimes and Rheem sold the mill, and Grimes went on to become the first president of the Minnesota Horticultural Society. He conducted a variety of agricultural experiments, and he was responsible for introducing ginkgo and catalpa trees to Minnesota.
Eliza Grimes died in 1902, and her husband died in 1903. After his death, the farmstead was subdivided. It became the Morningside area, a streetcar suburb. Morningside seceded from Edina in 1920, then rejoined Edina in 1966. Grimes Avenue in Edina is named for him, and Alden Drive is named for his son.
# Jonathan Warner House

The Jonathan Warner House, also known as Warner-Brooks House, is a historic house at 47 King's Highway in Chester, Connecticut. Built in 1798, it is a well-preserved local example of Federal period architecture, featured prominently by architectural historian J. Frederick Kelly in The Early Domestic Architecture of Connecticut (1963). The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.

## Description and history

The Jonathan Warner House is located in a rural-suburban area of eastern Chester, at the northeast corner of East King's Highway and Middlesex Turnpike (Connecticut Route 154). It is a two-story wood-frame structure, five bays wide, with a side-gable roof, two interior chimneys, and clapboarded exterior. The central bay of the front is framed by two-story Ionic pillars supporting a small flat projecting roof. The main entrance is flanked by pilasters supporting an entablature, and sidelight windows outside the pilasters. It has a Palladian window above the entry with pilasters separating and flanking the window sections. A 19th-century carriage barn, which was moved to the site, serves as the garage. The interior of the house has many instance of fine woodwork, including several original fireplace mantels, and the main staircase.
The house was designed by Jonathan Warner, who supervised its construction in 1798 and who copiously documented the process. Surviving documentation includes receipts for purchase of most of the materials that originally went into its construction and finishing. Warner was a wealthy farmer, who also operated the nearby Chester–Hadlyme ferry and invested in merchant shipping ventures. The house was illustrated by J. Frederick Kelly in his prominent book The Early Domestic Architecture of Connecticut (1963). It is believed to resemble another mansion built earlier in New London.
# Lee Kum-Sing

Lee Kum-Sing (Chinese: 李金星) is a Canadian classical pianist and piano pedagogue originally from Sumatra.

## Biography

Lee Kum-Sing studied with Gerhard Puchelt and Hans Richter-Haaser in Berlin and with Julius Katchen and Magda Tagliaferro in Paris. He debuted in New York's Carnegie Hall in 1963 and in London's Wigmore Hall in 1969 and has since received international recognition.
Professor Lee had been the department head of the piano program at Vancouver Academy of Music since 1971 until 2010s and was a long-time faculty member (senior lecturer) at the University of British Columbia from 1972 to 2005. He also served as a visiting professor since 1980s at the Central Conservatory of Music in Beijing, China. Many of his students have been prize winners in major national and international competitions and are now actively concertizing and recording. For decades Professor Lee has been conducting master classes and has been on the faculty at international summer schools and festivals in the Netherlands, Poland, France, Belgium, Italy, Japan, China, U.S.A., and Canada.
Lee sits on the jury of prestigious international competitions including Chopin (Warsaw, Poland) [1995] (the first Canadian invited as a jury member), Queen Elizabeth (Brussels, Belgium) [2003], China (Beijing) [2003], Rachmaninov (Moscow), Gina Bachauer (Salt Lake City), Dublin, Toronto International [2014].
# Marv Woodson

Marvin Lewis Woodson (September 19, 1941 - February 11, 2023) was an American former professional football player who was a safety and defensive back in the National Football League (NFL).

## Early life and college

Woodson was born on September 19, 1941, in Hattiesburg, Mississippi. Woodson attended Rowan High School in Hattiesburg. He attended Indiana University, where he played college football.
At Indiana, he played offense as well as defense, rushing for 540 yards and five touchdowns in 1962, along with 200 receiving yards, leading the team in both rushing and receiving. In addition, he returned punts and kickoffs and had two interceptions. Woodson's 92-yard interception touchdown return in a November 1962 game against Purdue is considered one of the great plays in Indiana football history. He was selected first team All-American. He only played three games his senior year because of a serious knee injury.
Future NFL player Nate Ramsay played in Indiana's offensive and defensive backfields with Woodson at Indiana. He was also teammates with future NFL players Tom Nowatzke (Woodson's backup in 1962) and Rudy Kuechenberg.

## Professional football

Woodson was drafted by the Baltimore Colts in the first round of the 1964 NFL draft (eighth overall), and was selected in the third round of the 1964 AFL Draft by the Denver Broncos (17th overall pick). The Colts traded Bill Saul and Woodson to the Pittsburgh Steelers for kicker/defensive lineman Lou Michaels and a 1965 third-round pick (that became Glenn Ressler) before ever playing for Baltimore.
He played 72 games across six NFL seasons, playing for the Pittsburgh Steelers from 1964 to 1969 and for the New Orleans Saints in 1969. He was waived by the Steelers in 1969, after eight games, and was picked up by the Saints.
He played in the defensive backfield at cornerback and strong safety. He also returned punts and kickoffs. He wore No. 47 for both the Steelers and Saints.
Woodson had 18 interceptions as a Steeler, returning two for touchdowns, including a career high seven in 1967. His success in intercepting passes came from his speed and his study of his opponents' tendencies. He was selected to the Pro Bowl in 1967.
He was outspoken on providing equal opportunities for African Americans in football.

## After football

Woodson ran a landscaping business after retiring from football.

## Death

Woodson died on February 11, 2023.
# Joseph B. Stone House

Joseph B. Stone House, also known as Stone-Fearrington House, is a historic home located near Farrington, Chatham County, North Carolina. It dates to the late-18th or early-19th century, and is a two-story, three bay Georgian / Federal style I house frame dwelling. It has an original one-story rear shed. The building was restored in 1969. Also on the property are the contributing old well which has been covered by a small brick gable roof pumphouse, a large early-20th century barn, and the 18th century John Dupree House, which was moved to its present site from Wake County.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.
# Joseph C. Hays House

The Joseph C. Hays House at 103–105 West Main Street in Sharpsburg, Maryland, United States, was originally built in 1823 as a three-bay side hall double-parlor house in the Federal style. It was soon expanded to the east with a two-bay parlor and one commercial bay. The east parlor entered commercial use during the mid-19th century as a dry goods store operated by Benjamin F. Cronise. Circa 1920 a storefront was added and a copper front was applied with BANK lettered under a central pediment, behind a marquee.
The property combines early 19th-century Federal architecture with a good example of early 20th-century commercial architectural ornament.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.

## Gallery

* Detail of copper bank façade
# Most-perfect magic square

| 7 | 12 | 1 | 14 |
| 2 | 13 | 8 | 11 |
| 16 | 3 | 10 | 5 |
| 9 | 6 | 15 | 4 |
transcription of the indian numerals :
A most-perfect magic square of order n is a magic square containing the numbers 1 to n$^2$ with two additional properties:
* Each 2 × 2 subsquare sums to 2s, where s = n$^2$ + 1.
* All pairs of integers distant n/2 along a (major) diagonal sum to s.

## Examples

Two 12 × 12 most-perfect magic squares can be obtained adding 1 to each element of:

## Properties

All most-perfect magic squares are panmagic squares.
Apart from the trivial case of the first order square, most-perfect magic squares are all of order 4n. In their book, Kathleen Ollerenshaw and David S. Brée give a method of construction and enumeration of all most-perfect magic squares. They also show that there is a one-to-one correspondence between reversible squares and most-perfect magic squares.
For n = 36, there are about 2.7 × 10$^{44}$ essentially different most-perfect magic squares.
# Joseph D. Oliver House

The Joseph D. Oliver House, also known as Copshaholm, sits on 808 W. Washington Street, at the corner of Chapin Street in South Bend, Indiana. The mansion was built for the Oliver family, founders of the Oliver Chilled Plow Works, and named after the Scottish village of the patriarch. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Built in 1895–96, Copshaholm is a 38-room Romanesque Queen Anne house designed by New York architect Charles Alonzo Rich. The furnishings on all three floors are original, giving visitors a glimpse of how the mansion appeared during the 72 years the Oliver family had occupancy.
Oak, cherry and mahogany woodwork are found throughout Copshaholm. Leaded glass windows and 14 unique fireplaces add to the beauty of the house. The furnishings include porcelains, glass, silver, prints, and bronzes, including some by Bartolozzi and Lorado Taft. The furniture is all original and display beautiful antiques.
Surrounding Copshaholm are 2.5 acres (10,000 m$^2$) of landscaped gardens, including a garden tea house, formal Italianate garden, rose garden, pergola, tennis lawn, and fountain.

## Design

The house was designed by Lamb and Rich (1882-1903) of New York City. It is a Queen Anne style with substantial Romanesque features. The pergola and Italian sunken garden were designed by Alice E. Neale of New York City. The House is three floor with an attic. The basement and first two levels are Indiana fieldstone granite, culled from the countryside of St. Joseph County. The porch pillars are Vermont stone. The third floor and the attic are sheathed in tile. The roof is a simple ridge with gable ends and a tower on the northeast corner. On the back is a projecting gable with dormer windows The music room and den are separate one story projections.
The house was originally wired for electricity and piped for gas. The gas has been removed, but several of the gas jets remain in place. The original water system consisted of two wells. The water was pumped to a holding tank in the attic and the gravity lines serviced all the baths, kitchen, and laundry. This system is still used today, using in holding tanks.
# Joseph Duncan House

The Joseph Duncan House, also known as the Governor Duncan Mansion, is a historic house located at 4 Duncan Place in Jacksonville, Illinois. The Georgian style house was built in 1833 for Illinois politician Joseph Duncan. Duncan served as Illinois' representative in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1827 to 1834; he was the state's sole representative for all but his last year. After leaving the House, Duncan served as Governor of Illinois from 1834 to 1838. As Illinois had no Governor's Mansion at the time of his election, Duncan's home served as the unofficial governor's mansion during his time in office. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 5, 1971.
Duncan oversaw the beginning of the Illinois and Michigan Canal's construction in 1836, which he had promoted both in Congress and as governor.
The Governor Duncan Mansion is owned and operated by the Rev. James Caldwell Chapter of the National Society Daughters of the American Revolution (NSDAR), and is open for tours.