OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Black Christ of Esquipulas

The Black Christ of Esquipulas is a darkened wooden image of Christ enshrined within the Cathedral Basilica of Esquipulas in Esquipulas, Guatemala. It is one of the famed black Christological images of Latin America.
Pious legends claim the image was darkened due to Spanish missionaries who wished to convert the natives who worshiped pagan nebular deity "Ek-Kampulá" in the area.
By the 17th century, a devotion associated with an image became known as the "Miraculous Lord of Esquipulas" or the "Miraculous Crucifix venerated in the town called Esquipulas". Esquipulas holds its patronal festival on January 15, when the largest number of pilgrims come from Guatemala and neighboring Central American countries. The shrine of El Santuario de Chimayó in Chimayo, New Mexico also honors the image. A pending application for Canonical coronation of the image was submitted to the Vatican.

## History

There are few early sources on the development of the religious veneration of the image and pilgrimage to its site. According to tradition, the image was found in a cave and had healing power. According to scholarly work, the image was sculpted by a Portuguese artist in 1594. In the late nineteenth century, the cult was buffeted by the political conflicts between conservatives who supported the Catholic Church and Guatemalan liberals, who were anticlerical, seeking to diminish the power of the Church. The Catholic hierarchy in Guatemala sought to increase its reach and to reinforce ideas that it symbolized a stance against leftists Juan José Arévalo and Jacobo Árbenz in the late 1940s and early 1950s who were considered socialists or communists. The color of the image was not highlighted during this era, but rather the focus was on the importance to Catholicism. However, "the color of the image would become its defining characteristic by the 1980s, when it became a site where the war-ravaged nation could seek peace and justice."

## Replica

On 11 January 2021 a tableau replica of the image in Mount Calvary (Sorrowful Virgin, Mary Magdalene, and St. John Apostle) were donated to Saint Joseph Cathedral of Antigua, Guatemala.

## Modern pilgrimages

More than 30,000 motorcyclists, many masked and costumed, rode from Guatemala City on the 59th pilgrimage to honor the Black Christ of Esquipulas on February 1, 2020.
# Æthelswith

Æthelswith (c. 838–888) was the only known daughter of King Æthelwulf of Wessex. She married King Burgred of Mercia in 853. The couple had no known children.
Her marriage probably signaled the subordination of Burgred to his father-in-law and the Saxon kingdom at a time when both Wessex and Mercia were suffering Danish (Viking) raids. Burgred also had ongoing problems with the Kingdom of Powys on his western border and in 853 Æthelwulf subjugated the Welsh state on Burgred's behalf.
Although it is unclear to what extent, Æthelswith wielded some power as a queen in her own right. In 868 she witnessed a West Saxon charter and made a grant of fifteen hides of land in her own name in Berkshire, rare for a queen of the period to do so. One item that is believed to have been hers, a gold ring inlaid with niello, inscribed with the words Æthelswith Regina, survives in the British Museum. Given the large size of the ring, it is more likely that she was the giver of the ring, rather than the wearer.
Repeated Danish incursions over the years gradually weakened Mercia militarily and in 868 Burgred was forced to call upon Æthelswith's brother King Æthelred of Wessex to assist him in confronting an entrenched Danish army at Nottingham. This was the last time the Saxons came to the aid of the Mercians and is also notable as the occasion on which Alfred the Great, another brother of Æthelswith's, married his Mercian wife Ealhswith.
Burgred's reign lasted until 874 when the Vikings drove him from the kingdom and he fled to Rome with Æthelswith. He died shortly after. Æthelswith lived on in Italy for another decade, before dying while on a pilgrimage in Pavia in 888 and was buried in the monastery of San Felice.
# August 2013 Beirut bombing

On 15 August 2013, a car bomb exploded in Beirut, Lebanon killing 27 people and injuring over 200 people. The car bomb was intended for the stronghold of Hezbollah. It was reportedly the "worst explosion in south Beirut" since a 1985 truck bomb assassination attempt targeting top Shiite cleric Mohammed Hussein Fadlallah. The Islamist group Aisha Umm-al Mouemeneen, also known as Brigades of Aisha, were responsible for the explosion. In their statement the group accused Hezbollah of being Iranian agents and threatened more attacks. "This is the second time that we decide the time and place of the battle ... And you will see more, God willing," However Interior Minister Marwan Charbel and other politicians blamed Israel for the attack.
The bombing came "amid sectarian tensions" over the intervention of Shi'ite Muslim Hezbollah against Sunni rebels in the Syrian civil war. A month earlier a car bomb injured more than 50 people in the same district. A week later two mosques were bombed in Tripoli killing over 40 and injuring hundreds. The Tripoli bombing were thought to be in retaliation for the Beirut bombing.
Political analyst Anno Bunnik has warned that Sunni militants would likely target Hezbollah areas in response to its role in the Syrian Civil War.
# 1996 in archaeology

The year 1996 in archaeology involved some significant events.

## Explorations

* Preliminary survey of Buckton Castle in the north west of England.
* A Bronze Age site, al-Moghraqa, was discovered by Moain Sadeq in Gaza Governorate, State of Palestine.

## Excavations

* July – excavations at Blakhiya Byzantine cemetery in Palestine take place under the auspices of the Department of Antiquities of Gaza and the École Biblique.
* Large-scale, wide-scope horizontal excavations begin at Daepyeong, a large Mumun Pottery Period settlement in Korea (continued until early 2000).
* Excavations near Bogazköy by the Deutsche Orient-Gesellschaft begin (continued until 1999).
* Excavation of the Portuguese nau Nossa Senhora dos Mártires (1605–06) at the mouth of the Tagus begins (continued until 2001).
* First excavation of medieval drain at Paisley Abbey in Scotland.

## Publications

* Matthew Johnson - An Archaeology of Capitalism (Blackwell).
* Denise Schmandt-Besserat - How Writing Came About (University of Texas Press).
* Rita P. Wright (ed.) - Gender and Archaeology (University of Pennsylvania Press).
* First issue of e-journal Internet Archaeology.

## Finds

* July: Mass grave of victims of the Battle of Towton (1461) in England.
* July 28: Kennewick Man in the United States.
* August 4: Seaton Carew Wreck in England.
* November 21: Pirate flagship Queen Anne's Revenge (run aground 1718) in North Carolina.
* Herxheim archaeological site, a Neolithic Linear Pottery culture ritual center and mass grave at Herxheim in southwest Germany.
* The Keltenfürst (Celtic prince) of Glauberg in Germany, a life-size sandstone statue of a warrior dating from the 5th century BCE.
* Ekron Royal Dedicatory Inscription in Israel.
* Lod Mosaic in Israel.
* Croatian Apoxyomenos off the Croatian islet of Vele Orjule.
* Hermes of Messene in Messene, Greece.
* Ōfune Site, one of the Jōmon Archaeological Sites in Hokkaidō, Japan.
* "Great Dover Street woman" from Roman Britain in London.
* Polychrome wall paintings (dated to 1090) at church of St Mary the Virgin in the deserted village of Houghton on the Hill, Norfolk, England.

## Events

* Yale University Bonampak Documentation Project begins at Maya site of Bonampak.
* November 2: Sendai City Tomizawa Site Museum opens in Japan.

## Deaths

* January 17- William Lamplough, British archaeologist (b. 1914).
* March 18 - Jacquetta Hawkes, British archaeologist (b. 1910).
* September 23 - Stuart Piggott, British archaeologist (b. 1910).
* November 14 - Martyn Jope, British archaeologist and biochemist (b. 1915).
* December 9 - Mary Leakey, British archaeologist and anthropologist (b. 1913).
# Liberation of Saint Peter (Jacopo di Cione)

The Liberation of Saint Peter from Prison (or the Deliverance of Saint Peter) is a small predella panel in tempera on wood from a large polyptych painted in 1370–1371 by Jacopo di Cione for the (no longer extant) church of San Pier Maggiore in Florence. It is now part of the collection of the Philadelphia Museum of Art.
The polyptych was designed by Niccolaio and made in collaboration with Matteo di Pacino. This panel forms part of the narrative of the life of Saint Peter on the predella, which included at least five other scenes:
* The Arrest of Saint Peter, at the Rhode Island School of Design Museum of Art, Providence
* Saint Peter Raising the Son of Theophilus, at the Vatican Pinacoteca
* Enthroned Saint Peter as Bishop of Antioch, at the Vatican Pinacoteca
* The Last Meeting of Saints Peter and Paul, formerly part of Thyssen-Bornemisza and Sacerdoti Collections
* The Crucifixion of Saint Peter, at the Vatican Pinacoteca
The upper portions of the altarpiece are now in the National Gallery, London.
The scene depicts the liberation of Peter, an episode from Acts 12:3–19 in which Peter was put into prison in Jerusalem by King Herod, but the night before his trial an angel awoke him while he lay between two guards and "a light shone in the cell". Both the angel and Peter have saintly haloes; the angel has golden hair. The soldiers wear semi-conical caps. Under the angel's escort, Peter's chains fell off and the city gates opened. The scene shows the angel awakening Saint Peter inside the cell, and on the right, leading him by the hand past sleeping guards. Peter was initially incredulous, thinking that it was a dream. He exits the dark cell into a gilded world of freedom.
# P with stroke

Ᵽ (minuscule: ᵽ) or "P with stroke" is a letter of the Latin alphabet, formed from P with the addition of a stroke, usually through the bowl but sometimes through the descender. It is used in some phonetic transcription systems, such as the Americanist phonetic notation, to represent a fricative [ɸ].
In 1987 ᵽ was adopted for writing the Tanimuca-Retuarã language, where it represents either a fricative or a stop depending on the dialect.
PotCoin uses a design of the P with stroke as a symbol of its digital cryptocurrency.
There is also a P with stroke through descender Ꝑ (minuscule: ꝑ) used in the medieval period as a scribal abbreviation for per, par-, por-.

## Encoding

The minuscule form, U+1D7D ᵽ LATIN SMALL LETTER P WITH STROKE was added to Unicode 4.1 in 2005, while the majuscule U+2C63 Ᵽ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P WITH STROKE was added to version 5.0 in 2006.
Character information :
| Preview | Ᵽ | Ᵽ | ᵽ | ᵽ | Ꝑ | Ꝑ | ꝑ | ꝑ |
| Unicode name | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P WITH STROKE | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P WITH STROKE | LATIN SMALL LETTER P WITH STROKE | LATIN SMALL LETTER P WITH STROKE | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P WITH STROKE THROUGH DESCENDER | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P WITH STROKE THROUGH DESCENDER | LATIN SMALL LETTER P WITH STROKE THROUGH DESCENDER | LATIN SMALL LETTER P WITH STROKE THROUGH DESCENDER |
| Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
| Unicode | 11363 | U+2C63 | 7549 | U+1D7D | 42832 | U+A750 | 42833 | U+A751 |
| UTF-8 | 226 177 163 | E2 B1 A3 | 225 181 189 | E1 B5 BD | 234 157 144 | EA 9D 90 | 234 157 145 | EA 9D 91 |
| Numeric character reference | &#11363; | &#x2C63; | &#7549; | &#x1D7D; | &#42832; | &#xA750; | &#42833; | &#xA751; |
# Deborah Rosenblum

Deborah G. Rosenblum is an American nuclear expert and former career civil servant. She currently serves as the Acting Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment. She had served Assistant Secretary of Defense for Nuclear, Chemical & Biological Defense Programs in the Biden administration.

## Education and career

Rosenblum holds a master’s degree from Columbia University’s School of International and Public Affairs and is a Phi Beta Kappa graduate with a bachelor’s degree from Middlebury College. Rosenblum was a vice president with The Cohen Group, an international consulting firm. She has also served as a career civil servant for 12 years in the Office of the Secretary of Defense, including as a member of the Senior Executive Service. She worked in the areas of nuclear forces, counter-proliferation policy, countering narcotics, homeland defense, and peacekeeping operations and support. She also represented the United States in multi-year bilateral negotiations with North Korea around its nuclear program. Immediately prior to serving as Assistant Secretary of Defense for NCB, Rosenblum was the Executive Vice President of the Nuclear Threat Initiative; she was part of NTI’s executive leadership team and helped oversee the organization’s threat reduction programs, operations and development as well as co-chaired NTI’s task force on diversity, equity and inclusion. She served as an advisor to President-elect Biden during his presidential transition.

### Nomination as Assistant Secretary of Defense

On April 23, 2021, President Joe Biden announced Rosenblum as his nominee to be the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Nuclear, Chemical & Biological Defense Programs. On April 27, 2021, her nomination was sent to the United States Senate. On May 27, 2021, a hearing was held on her nomination before the Senate Armed Services Committee. On July 29, she was confirmed by unanimous consent in the US Senate.
# Coina

Coina was a Portuguese freguesia in the municipality of Barreiro.

## History

It was a town and the seat of the municipality between 1516 and the early 19th century when it was incorporated into the also extinct municipality of Alhos Vedros. It was formed by one parish and had 248 inhabitants in 1801.
It was dissolved on January 28, 2013, following a resolution of the Portuguese Assembly of the Republic enacted on January 16, 2013, by merging with the parish of Palhais, forming the new parish of Palhais e Coina.

## Heritage

* Real Fábrica de Vidros de Coina (Royal Glass Factory of Coina)
* Chapel of Our Lady of Remedies (Coina)
* Palace of Coina or "Castelo do Rei do Lixo" (Castle of the King of Trash)
* Tide Mill (15th century)
* Lime Kilns (18th century)
* Pillory of Coina
* Natural Heritage - Coina River Marsh and part of Mata Nacional da Machada
# Wieland Schmidt

Wieland Schmidt (born 23 December 1953 in Magdeburg-Ottersleben) is a former East German handball player who competed in the 1980 Summer Olympics and in the 1988 Summer Olympics.
He was a member of the East German handball team which won the gold medal. He played all six matches as goalkeeper.
Eight years later he was part of the East German team which finished seventh. He played all six matches as goalkeeper again.
# Martin Palumbo

Martin Njøten Palumbo (born 5 March 2002) is a Norwegian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Serie C Group C club Avellino on loan from Juventus. Palumbo has represented both Norway and Italy internationally at youth level.

## Club career

On 2011 he joined the Udinese's youth system. He made his professional debut for the club on 2 August 2020 against Sassuolo. Five days later he extended his contract for Udinese until 2025. On 27 August 2021, Palumbo was loaned to Juventus U23 with option to buy. On 12 September, Palumbo debuted for Juventus U23 in a 1–0 defeat against Pro Patria. On 16 May 2022, he was first called up by the first team for a home match against Lazio, where he made his debut as a substitute. On 18 June, Juventus decided not to exercise the option to buy. However, on 1 September, he returned to Juventus U23, who had changed their name to Juventus Next Gen on 26 August.
On 21 January 2025, Palumbo joined Serie C club Avellino on loan with a conditional obligation to buy.

## International career

Palumbo was born in Norway to an Italian father and Norwegian mother, and moved to Italy at the age of three. He has both passports, and has represented both countries as a youth international.

## Club statistics
### Club

    As of match played 16 April 2023
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Coppa Italia | Coppa Italia | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Udinese | 2019–20 | Serie A | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 1 | 0 |
| Udinese | 2020–21 | Serie A | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 3 | 0 |
| Udinese | Total | Total | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 4 | 0 |
| Juventus U23 (loan) | 2021–22 | Serie C | 17 | 0 | — | — | 3 | 0 | 20 | 0 |
| Juventus (loan) | 2021–22 | Serie A | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Juventus Next Gen (loan) | 2022–23 | Serie C | 19 | 1 | — | — | 6 | 0 | 25 | 1 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 39 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 41 | 1 |
* ↑ Two appearances in Coppa Italia Serie C, one appearance in Serie C promotion play-offs
* ↑ Appearance in Coppa Italia Serie C
# Bergvliet

Bergvliet is a suburb of Cape Town, South Africa. Bergvliet, which means "Mountain Streamlet" in Afrikaans, is bordered by Retreat, Meadowridge, Tokai, and Heathfield.
Bergvliet is home to three schools: Bergvliet High School, Bergvliet Primary School, and Sweet Valley Primary School. All three of these schools were built in the late 1940s and early 1950s.
A variety of preschool and early education centres service the area. There is a very active neighbourhood watch (BKM, which stands for Bergvliet, Kreupelbosch and Meadowridge), that has grown to incorporate other neighbourhoods over the years. The rate payers association BMRA is also very active and works to protect and develop the area.
The suburb is close to good hospitals and shopping centers, including Blue Route Mall in Tokai, and the Park 'n Shop Centre in Meadowridge. Stores located in Bergvliet itself include a Stodels garden center, Bergvliet Pet Centre, and Sherwood Hardware and Gardening.

## History

Bergvliet was formerly a large farm owned by Simon van der Stel which was part of the original Constantia farm. The original farmhouse of Cape Dutch design still stands on a large property on the Western border of Bergvliet. The Bergvliet Farm, as it is known, is a very beautiful place with a small natural pond which is also a tiny bird sanctuary. The farm is also a favorite dog walking and running location. The original farm was made into a residential suburb for returning South African servicemen from World War II.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 Census, the population of Bergvliet was 4,428. The following tables show various demographic data about Bergvliet from that census.

### Gender

| Gender | Population | % |
| Female | 2 313 | 52.28% |
| Male | 2 115 | 47.74% |

### Ethnic Group

| Group | Population | % |
| White | 3 820 | 86.3% |
| Coloured | 274 | 6.2% |
| Black African | 222 | 5.0% |
| Indian/Asian | 47 | 1.0% |

### Home Language

| Language | Population | % |
| English | 3 653 | 93.62% |
| Afrikaans | 169 | 4.33% |
| Xhosa | 21 | 0.54% |
| Other African languages | 6 | 0.15% |
| Other languages | 54 | 1.38% |
# Raid 2020

Raid 2020 (working title Drug Czar) a 1989 cyberpunk action video game for the Nintendo Entertainment System. This game was released only in North America and Australia. The game's style was largely inspired by Blade Runner and the cyberpunk genre for its aesthetics, world and style.

## Gameplay

The object is to defeat all the drug dealers, defeat the drug lord Pit Bull, and eradicate drugs from the streets of America. As agent Shadow, the player faces a dystopian future world where moral collapse is inevitable. He is described as representing the last uncorrupted vestiges of law enforcement.

## Reception

Games journalist Jeff Gerstmann considers this the worst NES game out of the over 450 he has played.
# MicroDicom

MicroDicom is a free DICOM viewer and editor for Windows. It can open DICOM images produced by medical equipment (MRI, PET, CT, ...). It can also possible to open other image formats - BMP, GIF, JPEG, PNG, TIFF, etc. It has also been used by the U.S. Department of Veterans' Affairs to get medical data on their state of health.
# Leo Prantner

Leo Prantner (born 24 November 2001 in Meran, Italy) is an Italian handball player for the Italian national team.
He started playing handball in his hometown club Sport Club Meran Handball. In 2018, he switched to the academy, of the German club SG Flensburg-Handewitt, but didn't break through, and returned a year later to his boyhood club.
In 2021, he joined Spanish side Rebi Balonmano Cuenca.
In 2023, he returned to Germany to join HBW Balingen-Weilstetten.
On January 30th 2025 Füchse Berlin announced that they had signed Leo Prantner on a deal until 2027.
# Isma'il ibn Bulbul

Abuʾl-Ṣaqr Ismāʿīl ibn Bulbul (Arabic: أبو الصقر إسماعيل بن بلبل) (844/5–891) was an official of the Abbasid Caliphate during the reign of al-Mu'tamid (r. 870–892), serving as vizier of the Caliphate from 878 to 892.
Although he claimed membership of the Arab Banu Shayban tribe, he was of Persian or Mesopotamian origin. He rose through the ranks of the Abbasid bureaucracy, becoming head of the diwan of the royal domains, but appears in the sources only in 878, when he was appointed to the highest civil office, that of vizier, by the regent al-Muwaffaq. He was deposed soon after, but was reinstated in the same year. Nevertheless, real power in the government resided with al-Muwaffaq's own secretary, Sa'id ibn Makhlad, and it was not until the latter's downfall in 885/6 that Isma'il truly became head of the administration. He enjoyed wide-ranging authority which extended even to the military. It was he that, facing chronic financial shortages, recruited two merchant brothers, Ahmad ibn al-Furat and his brother Ali, who became central figures within the caliphal administration over the next few decades.
Isma'il ibn Bulbul had Shi'ite sympathies, and was a determined enemy in al-Muwaffaq's son, the future Caliph al-Mu'tadid (r. 892–902), whose growing political and military power he tried unsuccessfully to neutralize. Consequently, when al-Muwaffaq died in June 891 and was succeeded as regent by al-Mu'tadid, Isma'il was arrested and died shortly after.
# Murchadh mac Maenach

Murchadh mac Maenach (died 896) was King of Maigh Seóla.

## Biography

Murchadh is one of the earliest-attested kings of his region. He is noteworthy as the person who gave his name to the Muintir Murchada, a dynasty whose leading family later took the surname Ó Flaithbheartaigh (O'Flaherty). At this point in time, his people lived east of Lough Corrib, their territory centered on Lough Cime (Lough Hackett), Tuam, County Galway. They would be expelled by the O'Connors in the 1050s.
The genealogies list two sons, Urchadh and Urumhain, with Urchadh listed as having descendants. A Cleirchin mac Murchadh of Uí Briúin Seóla is listed in the Annals of the Four Masters under 908, though he does not appear in any other source. Urchadh later became the grandfather of Brian Boru.
According to the genealogies, Murchard's great-great-great-great-grandson was Flaithbheartach mac Eimhin, whose grandson, Muredach Mór Ua Flaithbheartaigh, apparently became the first to bear the surname. Muredach Mór had three sons—Ruaidri of Lough Cime, Donough Aluinn and Aedh. From Ruaidri are the senior lines of the clan (those of Conmaicne Mara (later known as Connemara), Moycullen and Sliocht Diarmaid).
| Preceded byMaelan mac Cathmogha | King of Maigh Seóla 848?–891 | Succeeded byCléirchén mac Murchadh |