# Pazz & Jop

Pazz & Jop was an annual poll of top musical releases, compiled by American newspaper The Village Voice and created by music critic Robert Christgau. It published lists of the year's top releases for 1971 and, after Christgau's two-year absence from the Voice, each year from 1974 onward. The polls are tabulated from the submitted year-end top 10 lists of hundreds of music critics. It was named in acknowledgement of the defunct magazine Jazz & Pop, and adopted the ratings system used in that publication's annual critics poll.

## History

The Pazz & Jop was introduced by The Village Voice in 1971 as an album-only poll; it was expanded to include votes for singles in 1979. Throughout the years, other minor lists had been elicited from poll respondents for releases such as extended plays, music videos, album re-issues, and compilation albums—all of which were discontinued after only a few years. The Pazz & Jop albums poll uses a points system to formulate list rankings. Participating critics assigned a number value, ranging from 5 to 30, to each of the albums on their top 10 list, with all 10 albums totaling 100 points. The singles lists, however, are always unweighted.
The Pazz & Jop was created by Village Voice critic Robert Christgau. The idea behind its name (a spoonerism of Jazz & Pop) was that, since the words "pazz" and "jop" do not exist, participating critics would judge a musical work on its own merits rather than be distracted by categories and genres. In 1971, English rock band the Who topped the first Pazz & Jop albums poll with Who's Next. The following year, Christgau left The Village Voice for Newsday, and the poll was not conducted again until 1974, when Christgau returned to the Voice and the poll "became an institution", according to fellow Voice critic Chris Molanphy. English singer Ian Dury and his band the Blockheads topped the first singles poll with "Hit Me with Your Rhythm Stick" (1979). Bob Dylan and Kanye West topped the albums poll the most number of times, with four number-one albums each. West, in addition, won the singles poll of 2005. Christgau oversaw the Pazz & Jop poll for more than thirty years; he also wrote an accompanying essay that discussed the poll's contents.
Writing in 2002, author Bernard Gendron cited the lack of overlap between the 1999 poll results and that year's best-selling albums on Billboard's US charts—whereby only five of Pazz & Jop's top 40 appeared in the Billboard list—as indicative of a continued division between the avant-garde aesthetic of cultural accreditation and commercial considerations. Although Pazz & Jop established itself as a critics' poll with a clear identity, it has attracted criticism, particularly for its methodology. Addressing the participants in 2001, Mike Doughty of the New York Press complained: "In the guise of a love of music, you've taken the most beautiful nebulous form of human expression, squeezed it through an asinine points-scoring system specially cooked up for this pointless perennial, and forced it into this baffling, heinous chart system."

## Later years

Christgau's tenure as Pazz & Jop overseer came to an abrupt end when he was controversially fired from The Village Voice after a company buy-out in August 2006. In response to his dismissal, several prominent critics publicly announced that they would no longer be turning in their lists for the poll; Sasha Frere-Jones of The New Yorker described Christgau's firing as "a slap in the face to so many of us [critics] in so many ways". Regardless, The Village Voice continued to run the feature, with Rob Harvilla succeeding Christgau as music editor and overseer of the poll. Christgau's annual Pazz & Jop overview essay was discontinued and substituted with multiple retrospective articles of the year's music written by a selection of critics.
In 2016, the poll's name was changed from Pazz & Jop to the Village Voice Music Critics Poll by the new owners of the newspaper. Christgau, who had continued to vote in the poll since his departure from the newspaper, expressed dismay at the name change. When the 2016 results were announced in January 2017, the poll had reverted to its Pazz & Jop name.
The Village Voice ceased publication altogether in August 2018. Despite the closure of the newspaper, a Pazz & Jop poll for 2018 was announced on December 20, with Christgau confirming its legitimacy on Twitter. The 2018 poll was published on the Village Voice's website on February 6, 2019.
Glenn Boothe and Keith Artin had organised a "Village Voice Pazz & Jop Rip-Off Poll" starting in 1995 and created a Facebook Group for the poll in 2019. The poll was conducted via private Facebook group and included over 1,100 members—music writers, business execs, or artists themselves. Purple Mountains' eponymous album was voted the best album of 2019. Uproxx also launched an annual music critic poll in 2018.

## Albums voted number one

| Year | Artist | Album | Mentions | Points |
| 1971 | The Who | Who's Next | N/A | 540 |
| 1974 | Joni Mitchell | Court and Spark | 14 | 186 |
| 1975 | Bob Dylan and The Band | The Basement Tapes | 23 | 285 |
| 1976 | Stevie Wonder | Songs in the Key of Life | 25 | 292 |
| 1977 | Sex Pistols | Never Mind the Bollocks, Here's the Sex Pistols | 32 | 412 |
| 1978 | Elvis Costello and the Attractions | This Year's Model | 58 | 783 |
| 1979 | Graham Parker | Squeezing Out Sparks | 63 | 767 |
| 1980 | The Clash | London Calling | 89 | 1,347 |
| 1981 | The Clash | Sandinista! | 67 | 862 |
| 1982 | Elvis Costello and the Attractions | Imperial Bedroom | 87 | 1,061 |
| 1983 | Michael Jackson | Thriller | 100 | 1,305 |
| 1984 | Bruce Springsteen | Born in the U.S.A. | 136 | 1,757 |
| 1985 | Talking Heads | Little Creatures | 99 | 1,078 |
| 1986 | Paul Simon | Graceland | 96 | 1,131 |
| 1987 | Prince | Sign o' the Times | 118 | 1,491 |
| 1988 | Public Enemy | It Takes a Nation of Millions to Hold Us Back | 79 | 1,011 |
| 1989 | De La Soul | 3 Feet High and Rising | 89 | 1,050 |
| 1990 | Neil Young and Crazy Horse | Ragged Glory | 104 | 1,282 |
| 1991 | Nirvana | Nevermind | 134 | 1,699 |
| 1992 | Arrested Development | 3 Years, 5 Months & 2 Days in the Life Of... | 97 | 1,050 |
| 1993 | Liz Phair | Exile in Guyville | 108 | 1,383 |
| 1994 | Hole | Live Through This | 121 | 1,552 |
| 1995 | PJ Harvey | To Bring You My Love | 120 | 1,492 |
| 1996 | Beck | Odelay | 110 | 1,134 |
| 1997 | Bob Dylan | Time Out of Mind | 135 | 1,655 |
| 1998 | Lucinda Williams | Car Wheels on a Gravel Road | 167 | 2,129 |
| 1999 | Moby | Play | 134 | 1,548 |
| 2000 | Outkast | Stankonia | 220 | 2,660 |
| 2001 | Bob Dylan | Love and Theft | 235 | 3,010 |
| 2002 | Wilco | Yankee Hotel Foxtrot | 201 | 2,328 |
| 2003 | Outkast | Speakerboxxx/The Love Below | 305 | 3,554 |
| 2004 | Kanye West | The College Dropout | 245 | 2,826 |
| 2005 | Kanye West | Late Registration | 227 | 2,525 |
| 2006 | Bob Dylan | Modern Times | 95 | 1,123 |
| 2007 | LCD Soundsystem | Sound of Silver | 141 | 1,662 |
| 2008 | TV on the Radio | Dear Science | 154 | 1,744 |
| 2009 | Animal Collective | Merriweather Post Pavilion | 154 | 1,794 |
| 2010 | Kanye West | My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy | 266 | 3,250 |
| 2011 | Tune-Yards | Whokill | 135 | 1,645 |
| 2012 | Frank Ocean | Channel Orange | 170 | 1,952 |
| 2013 | Kanye West | Yeezus | 160 | 1,991 |
| 2014 | D'Angelo and the Vanguard | Black Messiah | 163 | 2,008 |
| 2015 | Kendrick Lamar | To Pimp a Butterfly | 210 | 2,639 |
| 2016 | David Bowie | Blackstar | 209 | 2,367 |
| 2017 | Kendrick Lamar | Damn | N/A | 1,756 |
| 2018 | Kacey Musgraves | Golden Hour | 100 | 1,155 |

## Singles voted number one

| Year | Artist | Single | Mentions |
| 1979 | Ian Dury and the Blockheads | "Hit Me with Your Rhythm Stick"/"Reasons to be Cheerful, Part 3" | 29 |
| 1980 | Kurtis Blow | "The Breaks" | 40 |
| 1981 | Laurie Anderson | "O Superman"/"Walk the Dog" | 56 |
| 1981 | The Rolling Stones | "Start Me Up" | 56 |
| 1982 | Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five | "The Message" | 156 |
| 1983 | Michael Jackson | "Billie Jean" | 75 |
| 1984 | Prince | "When Doves Cry"/"17 Days" | 111 |
| 1985 | Artists United Against Apartheid | "Sun City" | 101 |
| 1986 | Run–D.M.C. | "Walk This Way" | 78 |
| 1987 | Prince | "Sign o' the Times" | 54 |
| 1988 | Tracy Chapman | "Fast Car" | 55 |
| 1989 | Public Enemy | "Fight the Power" | 75 |
| 1990 | Deee-Lite | "Groove Is in the Heart"/"What Is Love?" | 74 |
| 1991 | Nirvana | "Smells Like Teen Spirit" | 116 |
| 1992 | Arrested Development | "Tennessee" | 100 |
| 1993 | The Breeders | "Cannonball" | 78 |
| 1994 | Beck | "Loser" | 89 |
| 1995 | Coolio featuring L.V. | "Gangsta's Paradise" | 81 |
| 1996 | Quad City DJ's | "C'mon N' Ride It (The Train)" | 34 |
| 1997 | Hanson | "MMMBop" | 96 |
| 1998 | Fatboy Slim | "The Rockafeller Skank" | 110 |
| 1999 | TLC | "No Scrubs" | 109 |
| 2000 | Outkast | "Ms. Jackson" | 124 |
| 2001 | Missy Elliott | "Get Ur Freak On" | 176 |
| 2002 | Missy Elliott | "Work It" | 212 |
| 2003 | Outkast | "Hey Ya!" | 322 |
| 2004 | Franz Ferdinand | "Take Me Out" | 145 |
| 2005 | Kanye West featuring Jamie Foxx | "Gold Digger" | 145 |
| 2006 | Gnarls Barkley | "Crazy" | 151 |
| 2007 | Amy Winehouse | "Rehab" | 97 |
| 2008 | M.I.A. | "Paper Planes" | 107 |
| 2009 | Jay-Z featuring Alicia Keys | "Empire State of Mind" | 89 |
| 2010 | Cee Lo Green | "Fuck You" | 187 |
| 2011 | Adele | "Rolling in the Deep" | 116 |
| 2012 | Carly Rae Jepsen | "Call Me Maybe" | 94 |
| 2013 | Daft Punk featuring Pharrell Williams | "Get Lucky" | 117 |
| 2014 | Future Islands | "Seasons (Waiting on You)" | 75 |
| 2015 | Drake | "Hotline Bling" | 76 |
| 2016 | Beyoncé | "Formation" | 99 |
| 2017 | Cardi B | "Bodak Yellow" | 62 |
| 2018 | Childish Gambino | "This Is America" | 64 |

## Defunct categories
### Compilation albums

| Year | Artist | Album | Mentions | Ref. |
| 1995 | Various artists | Macro Dub Infection: Volume One | 28 | |
| 1996 | LTJ Bukem | Logical Progression | 11 | |

### Album re-issues

| Year | Artist | Album | Mentions |
| 1986 | The Neville Brothers | Treacherous: A History of the Neville Brothers (1955–1985) | 43 |
| 1987 | James Carr | At the Dark End of the Street | 35 |
| 1988 | Chuck Berry | The Chess Box | 35 |
| 1989 | Muddy Waters | The Chess Box | 65 |
| 1990 | Robert Johnson | The Complete Recordings | 108 |
| 1991 | James Brown | Star Time | 84 |
| 1992 | Bob Marley | Songs of Freedom | 51 |
| 1993 | The Beach Boys | Good Vibrations: Thirty Years of The Beach Boys | 42 |
| 1994 | Louis Armstrong | Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man (1923–1934) | 34 |
| 1995 | The Velvet Underground | Peel Slowly and See | 57 |
| 1996 | Sun Ra | The Singles | 25 |
| 1997 | Various artists | Anthology of American Folk Music | 100 |
| 1998 | Various artists | Nuggets: Original Artyfacts from the First Psychedelic Era, 1965–1968 | 111 |
| 1999 | Os Mutantes | Everything Is Possible: The Best of Os Mutantes | 31 |
| 1999 | Various artists | Loud, Fast and Out of Control: The Wild Sounds of '50s Rock | 31 |

### Extended plays

| Year | Artist | Album | Mentions |
| 1981 | The Specials | Ghost Town | 44 |
| 1982 | T-Bone Burnett | Trap Door | 75 |
| 1983 | Los Lobos | ...And a Time to Dance | 54 |
| 1984 | Tommy Keene | Places That Are Gone | 32 |
| 1985 | Alex Chilton | Feudalist Tarts | 32 |
| 1986 | Alex Chilton | No Sex | 27 |
| 1988 | Bruce Springsteen | Chimes of Freedom | 13 |
| 1989 | Lucinda Williams | Passionate Kisses | 17 |
| 1990 | The Mekons | F.U.N. '90 | 27 |
| 1991 | Pavement | Perfect Sound Forever | 26 |
| 1992 | Pavement | Watery, Domestic | 23 |
| 1993 | Luscious Jackson | In Search of Manny | 31 |
| 1994 | Pizzicato Five | Five by Five | 15 |

### Music videos

| Year | Artist | Music video | Director(s) | Mentions |
| 1983 | Michael Jackson | "Beat It" | Bob Giraldi | 63 |
| 1984 | Art of Noise | "Close (To the Edit)" | Zbigniew Rybczyński | 35 |
| 1985 | Artists United Against Apartheid | "Sun City" | Jonathan Demme, Godley & Creme | 68 |
| 1986 | Peter Gabriel | "Sledgehammer" | Stephen R. Johnson | 87 |
| 1987 | Squeeze | "Hourglass" | Ade Edmondson | 12 |
| 1990 | Deee-Lite | "Groove Is in the Heart" | Hiroyuki Nakano | 35 |
| 1990 | Madonna | "Justify My Love" | Jean-Baptiste Mondino | 35 |
| 1991 | Nirvana | "Smells Like Teen Spirit" | Samuel Bayer | 59 |
| 1992 | Nirvana | "In Bloom" | Kevin Kerslake | 23 |
| 1993 | Nirvana | "Heart-Shaped Box" | Anton Corbijn | 34 |
| 1994 | Beastie Boys | "Sabotage" | Spike Jonze | 66 |
| 1995 | Björk | "It's Oh So Quiet" | Spike Jonze | 33 |