# Hackney North (UK Parliament constituency)

Hackney North was a parliamentary constituency in "The Metropolis" (later the County of London). It returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

## History

Elections have been held here since Simon de Montfort's Parliament in 1265 for the county constituency of Middlesex.
Under the Reform Act 1832 and from then onward, Hackney formed part of the new parliamentary borough of Tower Hamlets. This much larger area than today's borough with that name was only divided with the creation of the two seat constituency of Hackney at the 1868 general election, comprising the large parishes of Bethnal Green and Shoreditch. This was a creation of the Second Reform Act or the officially termed Representation of the People Act 1867. Hackney's increased democratic representation provided suffrage for the first time to working-class men but was originally intended to increase the number of seats held in the House of Commons by the Conservative Party.
The constituency was created under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 when the two-member Parliamentary Borough of Hackney was split into three single-member divisions. The seat, officially the Northern Division of the Parliamentary Borough of Hackney was first contested at the 1885 general election. The constituency was abolished under the Representation of the People Act 1948 for the 1950 general election, when it was largely replaced by the new Hackney North and Stoke Newington constituency.

## Boundaries
### 1885–1918

In 1885 the constituency was defined as consisting of:
* The Parish of Stoke Newington (previously part of the Parliamentary Borough of Finsbury)
* No. 1 or Stamford Hill Ward of Hackney Parish
* No. 2 or West Hackney Ward of Hackney Parish
* The part of No. 5 or Hackney Ward of Hackney Parish north of the centres of Evering Road, Upper Clapton Road, and Southwold Road.

### 1918–1950

The Representation of the People Act 1918 redrew constituencies throughout Great Britain and Ireland. Seats in the County of London were redefined in terms of wards of the Metropolitan Boroughs that had been created in 1900. The Metropolitan Borough of Hackney was divided into three divisions, with the same names as the constituencies created in 1885. Hackney North was defined as consisting of :
* Stamford Hill Ward
* The part of Clapton Park Ward to the north of a line drawn along the centres of Glenarm Road, Glyn Road and Redwald Road to its junction with Maclaren Street, thence across the recreation grounds in Daubeney Road to the borough boundary at a point fifty feet north of a boundary post situate at the junction of the Waterworks River with the River Lea at Lead Mill Point.
* The part of West Hackney Ward to the north and west of the centre of Shacklewell Lane.
Stoke Newington was removed from the seat, and became a separate constituency.

### Redistribution

The constituency was abolished by the Representation of the People Act 1948. The Borough of Hackney and Stoke Newington jointly formed two seats, Stoke Newington and Hackney North and Hackney South. The bulk of Hackney North passed to the Stoke Newington and Hackney North seat.

## Members of Parliament

| Election | Election | Member | Party |
| | 1885 | Sir Lewis Pelly | Conservative |
| | 1892 by-election | William Robert Bousfield | Conservative |
| | 1906 | Thomas Hart-Davies | Liberal |
| | 1910 | Walter Greene | Conservative |
| | 1923 | Hobbis Harris | Liberal |
| | 1924 | Sir Austin Hudson | Conservative |
| | 1945 | Henry Edwin Goodrich | Labour |
| 1950 | 1950 | constituency abolished | constituency abolished |

## Elections
### Elections in the 1880s

General election 1885: Hackney North :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | Lewis Pelly | 3,327 | 53.3 | |
| | Liberal | Æneas McIntyre | 2,911 | 46.7 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 416 | 6.6 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 6,238 | 77.4 | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 8,058 | | |
| | Conservative win (new seat) | Conservative win (new seat) | Conservative win (new seat) | Conservative win (new seat) | Conservative win (new seat) |
General election 1886: Hackney North :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | Lewis Pelly | 3,351 | 64.5 | +11.2 |
| | Liberal | William Hickman Smith Aubrey | 1,848 | 35.5 | −11.2 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1,503 | 28.9 | +22.3 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 5,199 | 64.5 | −12.9 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 8,058 | | |
| | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Swing | +11.2 | |

### Elections in the 1890s

1892 Hackney North by-election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | William Bousfield | 4,460 | 56.1 | −8.4 |
| | Liberal | Thomas Arrowsmith Meates | 3,491 | 43.9 | +8.4 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 969 | 12.2 | −16.7 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 7,951 | 79.0 | +14.5 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 10,060 | | |
| | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Swing | -8.4 | |
General election 1892: Hackney South :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | William Bousfield | 4,799 | 59.4 | −5.1 |
| | Liberal | John M McCall | 3,280 | 40.6 | +5.1 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1,519 | 18.8 | −10.1 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 8,079 | 80.3 | +15.8 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 10,060 | | |
| | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Swing | −5.1 | |
General election 1895: Hackney North :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | William Bousfield | 4,725 | 65.8 | +6.4 |
| | Liberal | Sylvain Mayer | 2,460 | 34.2 | −6.4 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 2,265 | 31.6 | +12.8 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 7,185 | 62.8 | −17.5 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 11,444 | | |
| | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Swing | +6.4 | |

### Elections in the 1900s

General election 1900: Hackney North :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | William Bousfield | 5,005 | 67.3 | +1.5 |
| | Liberal | Herbert Wilberforce | 2,437 | 32.7 | −1.5 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 2,568 | 34.6 | +3.0 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 7,442 | 63.4 | +0.6 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 11,747 | | |
| | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Swing | +1.5 | |
General election 1906: Hackney North :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Thomas Hart-Davies | 4,655 | 51.2 | +18.5 |
| | Conservative | William Bousfield | 4,431 | 48.8 | −18.5 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 224 | 2.4 | N/A |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 9,086 | 80.2 | +16.8 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 11,334 | | |
| | Liberal gain from Conservative | Liberal gain from Conservative | Swing | +18.5 | |

### Elections in the 1910s

General election January 1910: Hackney North :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | Walter Greene | 5,620 | 54.1 | +21.3 |
| | Liberal | Thomas Hart-Davies | 4,773 | 45.9 | −21.3 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 847 | 8.2 | N/A |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 10,393 | 88.2 | +8.0 |
| | Conservative gain from Liberal | Conservative gain from Liberal | Swing | +21.4 | |
General election December 1910: Hackney North :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | Walter Greene | 5,290 | 56.2 | +2.1 |
| | Liberal | William Arthur Addinsell | 4,126 | 43.8 | −2.1 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1,164 | 12.4 | +4.2 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 9,416 | 79.9 | −8.3 |
| | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Swing | +2.1 | |
General election 14 December 1918: Hackney North :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| C | Unionist | Walter Greene | 9,873 | 70.6 | +14.4 |
| | Liberal | Wright Burrows | 4,119 | 29.4 | −14.4 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 5,754 | 41.2 | +28.8 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 13,992 | 50.2 | −29.7 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 27,871 | | |
| | Unionist hold | Unionist hold | Swing | +14.4 | |
| C indicates candidate endorsed by the coalition government. ||||||

### Elections in the 1920s

General election 1922: Hackney North :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Unionist | Walter Greene | 13,002 | 60.8 | −9.8 |
| | Liberal | Philip Guedalla | 8,387 | 39.2 | +9.8 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 4,615 | 21.6 | −19.6 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 21,389 | 63.5 | +13.3 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 33,706 | | |
| | Unionist hold | Unionist hold | Swing | −9.8 | |
General election 1923: Hackney North :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | John Harris | 11,177 | 54.0 | +14.8 |
| | Unionist | Walter Greene | 9,523 | 46.0 | −14.8 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1,654 | 8.0 | N/A |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 20,700 | 61.2 | −2.3 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 33,825 | | |
| | Liberal gain from Unionist | Liberal gain from Unionist | Swing | +14.8 | |
General election 1924: Hackney North :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Unionist | Austin Hudson | 11,975 | 47.5 | +1.5 |
| | Liberal | John Harris | 7,181 | 28.4 | −25.6 |
| | Labour | Stella Churchill | 6,097 | 24.1 | New |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 4,794 | 19.1 | N/A |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 25,253 | 74.2 | +13.0 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 34,012 | | |
| | Unionist gain from Liberal | Unionist gain from Liberal | Swing | +12.9 | |
General election 1929: Hackney North :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Unionist | Austin Hudson | 11,199 | 35.7 | −11.8 |
| | Labour | Frank Bowles | 10,333 | 32.9 | +8.8 |
| | Liberal | John Harris | 9,844 | 31.4 | +3.0 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 866 | 2.8 | −16.3 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 31,376 | 68.6 | −5.6 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 45,722 | | |
| | Unionist hold | Unionist hold | Swing | −10.3 | |

### Elections in the 1930s

General election 1931: Hackney North :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | Austin Hudson | 20,545 | 69.5 | +33.8 |
| | Labour | Frank Bowles | 9,022 | 30.5 | −2.4 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 11,523 | 38.9 | +36.1 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 29,567 | | |
| | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Swing | | |
General election 1935: Hackney North :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | Austin Hudson | 15,000 | 51.9 | −17.6 |
| | Labour | Frank Bowles | 13,920 | 48.1 | +17.6 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1,080 | 3.8 | −35.1 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 28,920 | | |
| | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Swing | | |

### Elections in the 1940s

General election 1945: Hackney North :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Henry Goodrich | 17,337 | 65.0 | +16.9 |
| | Conservative | Austin Hudson | 5,771 | 21.7 | −30.2 |
| | Liberal | Doreen Gorsky | 3,546 | 13.3 | New |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 11,566 | 43.3 | N/A |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 26,654 | | |
| | Labour gain from Conservative | Labour gain from Conservative | Swing | | |