OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1931 Yugoslav Constitution

The 1931 Yugoslav Constitution, also known as September Constitution or Octroic constitution, was the second and final Constitution of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. It was issued by decree on September 3.

## Background

Article 76 of the Constitution bans possession of firearms within by members of Parliament while in session, likely as a response to the fatal shooting by Puniša Račić of several members of the Croatian Peasant Party in 1928. Tumult following the assassination led to the establishment of the 6 January Dictatorship in 1929, under which the previous Vidovdan Constitution was abrogated.

## Structure

The Constitution consists of twelve chapters comprising 120 articles.

### Parts
## Duration

The force of the Constitution ended with the invasion of Yugoslavia by the Axis powers, which began on 6 April 1941 and ended with the unconditional surrender of the Royal Yugoslav Army on 17 April, after which Yugoslavia was partitioned and annexed by the invading powers. Peter II fled to England. In 1944 the Prime Minister of his government-in-exile signed the Treaty of Vis, which promised a coalition Royalist-Partisan government after World War II. Irregular elections to a constituent assembly on 11 November 1945 produced a great majority for the Communist Party. The 1946 Yugoslav Constitution it produced abolished the monarchy and superseded the 1931 Constitution.
# Serkan Atasay

Serhiy Anatoliyevich Serhieiev (also Serkan Atasay, Ukrainian: Сергій Анатолійович Сергеєв; born March 11, 1970) is a Ukrainian-born Turkish swimmer, who specialized in butterfly and individual medley events. He is a three-time Olympian (1996, 2004, and 2008), a multiple-time Ukrainian champion, and a five-time Turkish record holder. He is also a member of Fenerbahçe Swimming.
Atasay's Olympic debut came as a member of the Ukrainian team at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta. At that event he placed 23rd in the 200m individual medley with a time of 2:06.30.
Eight years later, Atasay qualified again for the 200m individual medley by clearing a FINA B-cut of 2:03.01 at the Ukrainian Open Championships in Kyiv. Swimming in heat four, he edged out Barbados' Bradley Ally to take a third spot and 22nd overall by 0.03 of a second in 2:03.26.
At the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, Atasay, under a different name, represented Turkey as Serkan Atasay. He qualified for the third straight time in the 200m individual medley by achieving a FINA B-standard entry time of 2:04.56 from the Acropolis Grand Prix in Athens, Greece. He competed against six other swimmers in the second heat, including two-time Olympian Miguel Molina of the Philippines. Atasay came sixth. Atasay failed to advance into the semi-finals, as he placed 42nd overall in the preliminary heats.
# Urycz massacre

The Urycz massacre, which occurred on September 22, 1939, in the village of Urycz (nowadays Urych), stands as one of the most significant war crimes committed by the Wehrmacht during its invasion of Poland. On that day, between 73 and 100 Polish prisoners of war hailing from the 4th Podhale Rifles Regiment were confined to a barn and burned alive.

## The massacre

During the interwar period, the 4th Podhale Rifles Regiment was stationed in Cieszyn. When the German invasion of Poland began, it was deployed into combat as part of the 21st Mountain Infantry Division. In mid-September 1939, the regiment suffered significant losses during the intense battles that unfolded along the San River.
Following these engagements, a substantial number of its soldiers were captured as prisoners of war. They were subsequently led under German escort in the direction of Drohobych. On September 22, 1939, the column of POWs halted for a rest in the village of Urycz (now known as Urych in Ukraine). At this point, those prisoners who claimed to be of Ukrainian origin or hailed from the Upper Silesia region were released. The remaining POWs, approximately 80-100 men, were taken to a nearby barn, as per German claims, where they were purportedly intended to spend the night.
At approximately 3:00 p.m., all the prisoners were gathered inside the barn. Subsequently, German soldiers closed the barn's gate, doused the building with gasoline or kerosene, and ignited it using hand grenades. The vast majority of the POWs were burned alive. Some individuals who attempted to escape the burning structure were gunned down by the German soldiers.
The precise number of victims remains uncertain. The Institute of National Remembrance reports a minimum of 73 victims, while Szymon Datner's account suggests that around 100 POWs lost their lives. Only three Polish soldiers managed to survive, though one of them succumbed to his injuries shortly afterward while hospitalized in Drohobych. The murdered prisoners did not offer any resistance, did not make escape attempts, and had not been previously accused of any wrongdoing by the Germans.
The specific German unit responsible for this atrocity remains unidentified. Antoni Dobija, one of the survivors of the massacre, could only testify that the unit was led by a Wehrmacht non-commissioned officer holding the rank of sergeant. Furthermore, the INR asserts that the German soldiers who carried out the massacre received support from unidentified Ukrainian nationalists.
# Kyrylo Garashchenko

Kyrylo Garashchenko (Ukrainian: Кирило Денисович Гаращенко; born 16 April 1998 in Zaporozhye) is a Ukrainian Paralympic swimmer. At the 2020 Summer Paralympics, he won silver in the men's 400 metre freestyle S13 event, and bronze in the mixed 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay 49pts event.
# Mariya Ohurtsova

Mariya Ohurtsova (Ukrainian: Марія Огурцова; born 4 January 1983 in Zaporizhia) is a Ukrainian former swimmer, who specialized in sprint butterfly events. She represented Ukraine, as a 17-year-old, at the 2000 Summer Olympics, and also trained for the Ukraïna Zaporizhzhia swim team during her sporting career.
Ohurtsova competed only in the women's 100 m butterfly at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. She achieved a FINA B-cut of 1:02.23 from the Ukrainian National Championships in Kyiv. She challenged seven other swimmers in heat three, including Thailand's three-time Olympian Praphalsai Minpraphal. Coming from fifth at the final turn, Ohurtsova faded down the stretch to pick up a sixth seed in 1:03.00, almost a full second below her entry standard. Ohurtsova failed to advance into the semifinals, as she placed thirty-eighth overall on the first day of prelims.
# Nataliya Samorodina

Nataliya Anatoliïvna Samorodina (Ukrainian: Наталія Анатоліївна Самородіна; born March 17, 1983) is a Ukrainian former swimmer, who specialized in butterfly events and open water marathon. She represented Ukraine in two editions of the Olympic Games (2004 and 2008) and also swam for Ukraïna Zaporizhzhia.
Samorodina made her first Ukrainian team at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, where she competed in the women's 200 m butterfly. Swimming in heat one, she put up a sprint race with neighboring Russia's Maria Bulakhova and Chinese Taipei's Cheng Wan-jung on the final lap, but could not catch them by almost a full-body length to finish third and twenty-seventh overall in 2:17.15.
At the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, Samorodina shifted her focus from the pool to the open water surface, competing in the inaugural women's 10 km marathon. Leading up to the Games, she placed fourth in the 10 km Marathon Swimming Olympic test event at Shunyi Olympic Rowing-Canoeing Park. Swimming against a field of twenty-four, including South African amputee Natalie du Toit, British duo Keri-Anne Payne and Cassandra Patten, and sixteen-year-old American Chloe Sutton, Samorodina finished the grueling race in twenty-third position with a total time of 2:10:41.6, eleven minutes and thirteen seconds (11:13) behind winner Larisa Ilchenko of Russia.
# Manuka State Wayside Park

The Manuka State Wayside Park is a state park of 13.4 acres (5.4 ha) with an arboretum located approximately 19 miles (31 km) west of Naʻalehu, on the Mamalahoa Highway (Route 11) section of the Hawaii Belt Road, on the island of Hawaii, Hawaii, coordinates 19°6′33″N 155°49′33″W﻿ / ﻿19.10917°N 155.82583°W﻿ / 19.10917; -155.82583
The name means "blundering" in the Hawaiian Language, and was the name of the ancient land division (ahupaʻa) that ran from a bay on the southwest side of the island up the slopes of the Mauna Loa volcano. The arboretum of 8 acres (3.2 ha) was originally planted in the mid-19th century with native and introduced plants. It now contains 48 species of native Hawaiian plants and more than 130 species of other exotic plants and flowers, and is surrounded by the 25,550-acre (10,340 ha) Manuka Forest Reserve.
There is also a pit crater on the trail.
Services at the park include restrooms, trash cans, and camping in an open shelter. No drinking water is available at the park.
# 1946 Faroese independence referendum

An independence referendum was held in the Faroe Islands, an autonomous territory of the Kingdom of Denmark, on 14 September 1946. Although a narrow majority of valid votes were cast in favour of the proposal (50.7%), the number of invalid votes exceeded the winning margin. Although independence was declared by the Speaker of the Løgting on 18 September 1946, the declaration was not recognised by Denmark. King Christian X of Denmark dissolved the Løgting and called fresh elections, which were won by unionist parties. The islands were subsequently given a greater level of self-rule.

## Results

| Choice | Choice | Votes | % |
| For | For | 5,660 | 50.72 |
| Against | Against | 5,499 | 49.28 |
| Total | Total | 11,159 | 100.00 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 11,159 | 95.87 |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 481 | 4.13 |
| Total votes | Total votes | 11,640 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 17,216 | 67.61 |
| Source: Direct Democracy ||||

### By island

| Island | Independence | Independence | Continued Union | Continued Union | Invalid/ blank | Total | Registered voters | Turnout |
| Island | Votes | % | Votes | % | Invalid/ blank | Total | Registered voters | Turnout |
| Norðoyar | 956 | 70.6 | 398 | 29.4 | 64 | 1,418 | 2,220 | 63.9 |
| Eysturoy | 1,052 | 43.3 | 1,376 | 56.7 | 99 | 2,527 | 3,854 | 65.6 |
| Norðurstreymoy | 622 | 53.4 | 543 | 46.6 | 42 | 1,207 | 1,679 | 71.9 |
| Vágar | 614 | 58.6 | 434 | 41.4 | 38 | 1,086 | 1,485 | 73.1 |
| Suðurstreymoy | 1,308 | 66.0 | 674 | 34.0 | 145 | 2,127 | 3,323 | 64.0 |
| Sandoy | 465 | 61.9 | 286 | 38.1 | 32 | 783 | 1,053 | 74.4 |
| Suðuroy | 643 | 26.5 | 1,788 | 73.5 | 61 | 2,492 | 3,602 | 69.2 |
| Total | 5,660 | 50.7 | 5,499 | 49.3 | 481 | 11,640 | 17,216 | 67.6 |

## Aftermath

The result – without taking the invalid votes into regard – was 50.7% in favour of full independence to 49.3% in favour of home rule within Denmark.
The chairman of the Løgting subsequently declared independence on 18 September 1946, but this was not recognised either by a majority of the Løgting or the Danish parliament and government. King Christian X of Denmark dissolved the Løgting on 24 September and called for new elections. The dissolution of the Løgting was on 8 November followed by the Faroese parliamentary election of 1946 in which the parties in favour of full independence received a total of 5,396 votes while the parties against received a total of 7,488 votes. New negotiations followed, and Denmark granted the Faroe Islands home-rule on 30 March 1948.
# 22nd Venice International Film Festival

The 22nd annual Venice International Film Festival was held from 20 August to 3 September 1961.
Italian film critic Filippo Sacchi was the Jury President for the main competition. The Golden Lion winner was Last Year at Marienbad directed by Alain Resnais.

## Jury

* Filippo Sacchi, Italian journalist and film critic - Jury President
* Lev Arnshtam, Soviet filmmaker
* Giulio Cesare Castello, Italian
* Jean de Baroncelli, French
* John Hubley, American filmmaker
* Gian Gaspare Napolitano, Italian journalist
* Leopoldo Torre Nilsson, Argentinian filmmaker

## Official Sections
### Main Competition

| English title | Original title | Director(s) | Production country |
| Bandits of Orgosolo | Banditi a Orgosolo | Vittorio De Seta | Italy |
| The Brigand | Il brigante | Renato Castellani | Italy |
| The Betrayer | Vanina Vanini | Roberto Rossellini | Italy |
| The Last Judgment | Il giudizio universale | Vittorio De Sica | Italy |
| Last Year at Marienbad | L'Année dernière à Marienbad | Alain Resnais | France |
| Peace to Him Who Enters | Мир входящему | Aleksandr Alov | Soviet Union |
| Samson | Samson | Andrzej Wajda | Poland |
| Summer and Smoke | Summer and Smoke | Peter Glenville | United States |
| Thou Shalt Not Kill | Tu ne tueras point | Claude Autant-Lara | France |
| Victim | Victim | Basil Dearden | United Kingdom |
| Yojimbo | Yojimbo | Akira Kurosawa | Japan |

## Official Awards

* Golden Lion: Last Year at Marienbad by Alain Resnais
* Special Jury Prize: Peace to Him Who Enters by Aleksandr Alov
* Volpi Cup for Best Actor: Toshiro Mifune for Yojimbo
* Volpi Cup for Best Actress: Suzanne Flon for Thou Shalt Not Kill
* Best First Work: Banditi a Orgosolo by Vittorio De Seta

## Independent Awards
### New Cinema Award

* Banditi a Orgosolo by Vittorio De Seta

### San Giorgio Prize

* Banditi a Orgosolo by Vittorio De Seta

### FIPRESCI Prize

* The Brigand by Renato Castellani

### OCIC Award

* Il Posto by Ermanno Olmi

### Pasinetti Award

* Peace to Him Who Enters by Aleksandr Alov
** Parallel Sections: Il Posto by Ermanno Olmi

### Italian Cinema Clubs Award

* Banditi a Orgosolo by Vittorio De Seta

### Award of the City of Imola

* Il Posto by Ermanno Olmi

### Award of the City of Venice

* Léon Morin, Priest by Jean-Pierre Melville
# 1967 French cantonal elections

Cantonale elections to renew canton general councillors were held in France on 24 September and 1 October 1967.

## Electoral system

The cantonales elections use the same system as the regional or legislative elections. There is a 10% threshold (10% of registered voters) needed to proceed to the second round.

## National results

Runoff results missing
| Party/Alliance | % (first round) | Seats |
| PCF | 26.3% | 175 |
| FGDS | 21.6% | 465 |
| Miscellaneous Right | 17.2% | 399 |
| UDVR | 14.5% | 220 |
| CD | 8.1% | 155 |
| Miscellaneous Left | 6.2% | 177 |
| RI | 4% | 94 |
| Far-Left | 2% | 25 |

## Sources

Alain Lancelot, Les élections sous la Ve République, PUF, Paris, 1988
# Joseph Cooper (cyclist)

Joseph Cooper (born 27 December 1985) is a New Zealand professional racing cyclist, who last rode for UCI Continental team Team BridgeLane. He won the New Zealand National Road Race Championships in 2015 and 2017.

## Major results
### 2005

    Oceania Under-23 Road Championships
       5th Time trial
       6th Road race

### 2007

    2nd Time trial, Oceania Road Championships

### 2008

    5th Overall Tour of Southland

### 2009

    2nd Road race, National Road Championships

### 2010

    1st Stage 3 Tour of Southland

### 2012

    1st Mountains classification New Zealand Cycle Classic
    10th Overall Tour de Langkawi

### 2013

    1st Time trial, National Road Championships
    1st Stage 1 (ITT) New Zealand Cycle Classic
    3rd Time trial, Oceania Road Championships
    3rd Overall Tour of Borneo

### 2014

    1st Time trial, Oceania Road Championships

### 2015

    National Road Championships
       1st Road race
       2nd Time trial
    1st Prologue New Zealand Cycle Classic
    3rd Overall Herald Sun Tour

### 2016

    2nd Time trial, Oceania Road Championships
    3rd Time trial, National Road Championships

### 2017

    1st Road race, National Road Championships
    1st Overall New Zealand Cycle Classic
    1st Stage 9 Tour of Hainan
    2nd Overall Tour of China I
       1st Stages 3 & 4 (ITT)
    5th Time trial, Oceania Road Championships

### 2018

    1st Stage 4 Tour de Korea
    1st Mountains classification Rhône-Alpes Isère Tour
# Audace-class destroyer (1913)

The Audace class of destroyers consisted of two ships—Audace and Animoso—that were built for the Italian Regia Marina (Royal Navy) in the 1910s.

## Design

The design for the Audace class was based on that of the earlier Indomito class, which had been designed by the firm Society Pattison of Naples. The Cantiere navale fratelli Orlando shipyard modified the design to accept Swiss steam turbines, but the ships were broadly similar, carrying the same armament and having a similar top speed.
The ships of the Audace class were 74.8 m (245 ft 5 in) long at the waterline and 75.5 m (247 ft 8 in) long overall, with a beam of 7.5 m (24 ft 7 in) and a draft of 2.6 m (8 ft 6 in). They displaced 740 long tons (750 t) standard and up to 840 long tons (850 t) at full load. They had a crew of 4 to 5 officers and 65 to 74 enlisted men. The ships had a small superstructure that consisted primarily of a conning tower forward. A raised forecastle deck terminated at the conning tower and stepped down to the main deck level for the rest of the length of the hull.
The ships were powered by two Zoelly steam turbines, with steam provided by four White-Forster water-tube boilers. The engines were rated to produce 16,000 shaft horsepower (12,000 kW) for a top speed of 30 knots (56 km/h; 35 mph), though in service they reached as high as 36.1 knots (66.9 km/h; 41.5 mph) from 15,000 shp (11,000 kW). At 27 knots (50 km/h; 31 mph), the ships could cruise for 300 nautical miles (560 km; 350 mi), but at a more economical speed of 14 knots (26 km/h; 16 mph), their range increased to 950 nautical miles (1,760 km; 1,090 mi).
The ships carried an armament that consisted of a single 120 mm (4.7 in) 40-caliber (cal.) gun and four 76 mm (3 in) 40-cal. guns, along with two 450 mm (17.7 in) torpedo tubes. The 102 mm gun was placed on the forecastle and the two of the 76 mm guns were mounted abreast the funnels, with the remaining pair at the stern. The torpedo tubes were in single mounts, both on the centerline.

## Ships

Construction data :
| Name | Laid down | launched | Completed | Shipyard |
| Audace | | 4 May 1913 | | Cantiere navale fratelli Orlando, Livorno |
| Animoso | | 13 July 1913 | | Cantiere navale fratelli Orlando, Livorno |

## Service history

Audace was accidentally sunk after a collision with the freighter SS Brasile on a convoy operation during World War I on 30 August 1916. Animoso took part in frequent operations in the Adriatic Sea against Austro-Hungarian light forces in 1917, as well as bombardments of Austro-Hungarian positions ashore in northern Italy.
Animoso was badly damaged by a boiler explosion on 29 July 1921, which ended her career and led to her disposal in 1923.
# Ryosuke Tsuchiya

Ryosuke Tsuchiya (土屋 良輔, Tsuchiya Ryōsuke, born 29 November 1994) is a Japanese speed skater. He competed in the men's 5000 metres at the 2018 Winter Olympics.
# Penicuik House

Penicuik House (alternative spellings in use until mid 19th century: Penycuik, Pennycuik) survives as the shell of a formerly grand estate house in Penicuik, Midlothian, Scotland. The 18th-century palladian mansion (at NT2172659208) was built on the site of an earlier house by Sir James Clerk, 3rd Baronet. It was destroyed by fire in 1899 and a major restoration, stabilising the ruin, was completed in 2014 by G Brown Stonemasons.
Old Penicuik House and New Penicuik House (the former stables block in which the Clerk family were living even before the fire) are both designated Category A listed buildings by Historic Environment Scotland.

## History

The merchant John Clerk returned to Scotland from France in 1646 and purchased the estate and barony of Penicuik, the "Penicuik Policies", including the older Newbiggin House, which he extended and improved. The estate became the residence and title of his descendants.
From 1700 to 1730, the laird Sir John Clerk of Penicuik planted 300,000 trees on the estate.
The current Penicuik House was built in 1761 by Sir James Clerk, the 4th Laird of Penicuik and 3rd Baronet. Clerk had travelled widely, especially in Italy, and had studied Italian architecture. Now a roofless shell, it is constructed of ashlar, it has a central hexastyle portico with two-way stair, piano nobile, basement and Palladian windows. The interior was gutted by fire in 1899, but formerly had many fine rooms.
The house was a great meeting place for figures of the Scottish Enlightenment, who came to view its collection of paintings, including a noted ceiling painting of Ossian's Hall and four scenes from the life of Saint Margaret by Alexander Runciman.

## Replica of Arthur's O'on

The deliberate destruction of Arthur's O'on so appalled Sir James Clerk, that in 1760 he decided to have a dovecote built, as an exact replica of the temple, on his stable block at Penicuik House.
# Trading while insolvent

A number of legal systems make provision for companies trading while insolvent to be unlawful in certain circumstances, and provide for directors to become personally liable for a company's debts if they have acted improperly. In most legal systems, the liability in respect of unlawful transactions only extends for a certain period of time prior to the company going into liquidation.

## UK law

Under UK insolvency law, trading once a company is legally insolvent can trigger several provisions of the Insolvency Act 1986, including:
* Wrongful trading – Section 214
* Transaction at an undervalue – Section 238
* Preferences – Section 239
* Extortionate credit transactions – Section 244
A limited company becomes insolvent when it can no longer pay its bills when due, or its liabilities—including contingent liabilities such as redundancy payments—outweigh the company’s assets. This is a critical point in the lifespan of a company as it denotes when the directors' responsibilities move from the interests of shareholders to the interests of creditors. It also means that the directors need to be extremely careful when considering whether to continue to trade, or not. Any director who knows that the company is insolvent and makes the decision to continue to trade, and in doing so increases the debts of the company can be made liable for the company debts.
In the UK, directors are exposed in respect of transaction at an undervalue, preferences, and extortionate credit transactions if the transaction occurred: a) while the company was insolvent; and b) within 2 years before the onset of liquidation if the transaction was with a connected person, and 6 months if the transaction was with an unconnected person.
Directors who continue to trade while insolvent may face disqualification under the Company Directors Disqualification Act 1986. Under the provision of this act, when a company goes into liquidation, the liquidator must make a report to the Disqualification Unit of the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills on the conduct of all directors. If the liquidator has come across any conduct which makes the director unfit to be involved in the management of a company in the future (which things would include trading while insolvent) the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills will apply to the Court for an order disqualifying the director or directors from acting as a company director for a certain period of time.

## Other countries

Many other countries have similar laws, often referred to as 'insolvent trading' or wrongful trading.
# Saint-Mathurin-sur-Loire

Saint-Mathurin-sur-Loire (French pronunciation: , literally Saint-Mathurin on Loire) is a former commune in the Maine-et-Loire department in western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Loire-Authion.
# Qulensya wa Abd al Kuri District

Qulensya Wa Abd Al Kuri District (Arabic: مديرية قلنسية وعبد الكوري) is one of two districts of the Socotra Governorate, Yemen. It occupies the western part of the main island of Socotra archipelago, and all other islands of the archipelago. It is named after its capital, Qulensya, on the north coast of Socotra island, and Abd al Kuri, the second largest island of the archipelago. As of 2003, the district had a population of 10,109 inhabitants.