OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mathieu Valverde

Matthieu Valverde (born 14 May 1983) is a French former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

## Career

Valverde began his professional career at Girondins de Bordeaux. After the departure of second-choice keeper Frédéric Roux, Valverde was given the #1 shirt and was set to serve as understudy to French international Ulrich Ramé. While Roux was at the club, Valverde made only two league appearances in three years. Bordeaux won the Coupe de la Ligue in 2007, but Ramé started and Valverde was left on the bench. However two years later Bordeaux won the Coupe de la Ligue again but this time roles were reversed; Valverde played and Ramé was left on the bench. He also made 12 appearances as Bordeaux won the 2008–09 Ligue 1 title. On 24 July 2009, Valverde joined recently promoted club US Boulogne. On 9 December, due to numerous injuries suffered by their goalkeepers, Toulouse FC acquired Valverde from Boulogne.

### Lyon

With Olympique Lyonnais' reserve keepers Remy Vercoutre and Anthony Lopes both missing through injury, Valverde was brought in until the end of the 2011–12 season to deputise for Lyon's first choice goalkeeper, Hugo Lloris.

## Honours

Bordeaux
* Ligue 1: 2008–09
* Trophée des Champions: 2008
* Coupe de la Ligue: 2006–07, 2008–09
# Baldwin of Toulouse

Baldwin of Toulouse (1165–1214) was the youngest son of Count Raymond V of Toulouse and Princess Constance of France.

## Biography

Baldwin spent his youth at the French Court with his mother, after she had separated from his father. It was not until the death of his father in 1194 that he went to Toulouse. His brother Raymond VI received him badly, fearing having to share his father's inheritance, and went so far as to contest Baldwin's birth. But Baldwin's conciliatory nature won out, and he was granted Bruniquel as a fief, and made him guardian of his son in his will.
In 1211, Raymond entrusted him with the castle of Montferrand to defend against the army of Simon de Montfort who led the Albigensian Crusade. He repelled Simon's first attacks, despite small numbers, but realized that he would not succeed in resisting a long siege. He then negotiated with Simon, whom he recognized from court, and obtained the surrender of the castle in exchange for the lives of the inhabitants and freedom for the defenders. However, when he returned to Toulouse, his brother violently reproached him for having lost the castle and Baldwin decided to join the crusader army. Simon gave him custody of the castle of Saint-Antonin.
Baldwin participated in several campaigns led by de Montfort, and particularly in the Battle of Muret in 1213. After the battle, he returned to his estate in Quercy. Two relatives of the Count of Toulouse took him prisoner in his castle of Lolmie, near Montcuq and delivered him to Raymond VI who was in Montauban. His brother had him hanged as a traitor in February 1214. The peace negotiated by Pope Innocent III prevented Simon de Montfort from avenging his death.

## Family

Baldwin had married Alix, daughter and heiress of Sicard V, Viscount de Lautrec and Adélaïde de Béziers.
Traditionally, he was thought to be the progenitor of the extant House of Toulouse-Lautrec, however, recent DNA research has found that they are paternally descendants of the ninth century Counts of Albi.
# Shimon Redlich

Shimon Redlich (Hebrew: שמעון רדליך; born 1935) is an Israeli historian and Holocaust survivor, professor emeritus at the Ben Gurion University, a specialist in the modern history of Jews in Eastern Europe, Russia and the USSR.

## Biography

Shimon Redlich was born in Lviv in 1935. He and his family moved to Brzezany, located in what is now Ukraine, the same year. In 1943 his father was killed during a round-up, and the family went into hiding with the help of a Polish and a Ukrainian families.
Redlich is one of the child survivors starring in the 1948 film Unzere kinder.
In 1950 he emigrated to Israel. He earned BA at Hebrew University, MA from Harvard University and PhD from New York University. In 1972 he began teaching at Ben Gurion University and retired as full professor in 2003.

## Works

* Redlich, Shimon, ed. (1995). War, Holocaust and Stalinism: A Documented Study of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee in the USSR. Psychology Press. ISBN 978-3-7186-5739-1.
* Redlich, Shimon (2002). Together and Apart in Brzezany: Poles, Jews, and Ukrainians, 1919-1945. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-34074-0.
* Redlich, Shimon (2011). Life in transit: Jews in postwar Lodz, 1945-1950. Academic Studies Press. ISBN 978-965-536-085-1.
* Redlich, Shimon (2018). A New Life in Israel: 1950-1954. Academic Studies Press. ISBN 978-1-61811-715-1.
# Machlyes

The Machlyes or Machlyans (Ancient Greek: Μάχλυες) were a legendary ancient Libyan tribe.

## Ancient Sources

According to Herodotus, their young women held a ritual battle with sticks and stones annually with neighboring Auseans (Ancient Greek: Αὐσέες). Those who died of their wounds were said to have lied about their virginity.
Pliny the Elder claimed they were hermaphrodites that had a male half and a female half, possibly inspired by the martial practices of the females.

## Later Sources

French anthropologist Lucien Bertholon hypothesized that the Maghrawa tribal confederation in Tunisia were descendants of the Machlyes.

## In fiction

In the book Sweet Shadows by Tera Lynn Childs, the machlyes Achilla saves Gretchen from the merdaemon in the abysses.
# Aberedw

Aberedw is a village and community in Radnorshire, Powys, Wales. The community covers an area of 3,055 hectares (11.80 sq mi). Its population was 229, according to the 2011 census; a 4.57% increase since the 219 people noted in 2001. The 2011 census showed 4.8% of the population could speak Welsh, a fall from 11.2% in 2001.
The ruins of the medieval Aberedw Castle are nearby. The village of Llanbadarn y Garreg is in the community.
It is also the site of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd's death, commonly thought to have occurred in Cilmeri.
The church of St Cewydd is a grade II* listed building.
# M. E. H. Arif College

M. E. H. Arif College (Bengali: এম.ই.এইচ আরিফ কলেজ) is a higher secondary school located at Konabari, Gazipur Sadar Upazila, Gazipur District, Bangladesh. It offers 7 years (Play-Class Five) primary education (Under Great Mak Primary School), 5 years secondary education, and 2 years higher secondary education. It has about 6,000 students in this college.
This college is marked as top 10 institution in Primary School Certificate (PSC) Examination, Junior School Certificate (JSC) Examination and Secondary School Certificate (SSC) Examination since last 10 years in Gazipur District. In 2021,9 students got chance into medical College. This college achieved 2nd position in 2014. In 2013, this college also achieved 2nd position in Gazipur district. It also marked as 2nd education institution in Dhaka Board based on percentage of pass in the year 2007
# British Geological Survey

The British Geological Survey (BGS) is a partly publicly funded body which aims to advance geoscientific knowledge of the United Kingdom landmass and its continental shelf by means of systematic surveying, monitoring and research.
The BGS headquarters are in Keyworth, Nottinghamshire, England. Its other centres are located in Edinburgh, Wallingford, Cardiff and London. The current tagline of the BGS is: Understanding our Earth.

## History and previous names

The Geological Survey was founded in 1835 by the Board of Ordnance as the Geological Survey of Great Britain, under directorship of Henry De la Beche. This was the world's first national geological survey. It remained a branch of the Ordnance Survey for many years. In 1965, it was merged with the Geological Museum and Overseas Geological Surveys, under the name of Institute of Geological Sciences. In 1969, Beris Cox was the first female palaeontologist employed by the IGS.
On 1 January 1984, the institute was renamed the British Geological Survey (and often referred to as the BGS), a name still carried today. Since 1835, there have been 20 directors of the survey. In 2019, Karen Hanghøj was the first woman appointed to lead the survey.
From the 1860s, the survey in Scotland operated under the identity of the Geological Survey of Scotland.
Starting in 1975, female officers of the survey no longer had to resign upon getting married.

## Competences

The BGS advises the British government on all aspects of geoscience, as well as providing impartial advice on geological matters to the public, academics and industry. BGS is a component body of UK Research and Innovation which "works in partnership with universities, research organisations, businesses, charities, and government to create the best possible environment for research and innovation to flourish". The core outputs of the BGS include geological, geophysical, geochemical and hydrogeological maps, descriptions and related digital databases. Scientists at the BGS produced the first comprehensive map of African groundwater reserves. One of the key strategic aims for the next decade is to complete the transition from 2-D mapping to a 3-D modelling, to understand the 'architecture' of the subsurface. The current five-year strategy identifies four key priorities for the BGS: 'maps and models for the 21st century; a more secure energy transition; improved water security; and living with geological hazards'. The BGS has an annual budget of £57 million, about half of which comes from the government's science budget, with the remainder coming from commissioned research from the public and private sectors.

## Northern Ireland

The Geological Survey of Northern Ireland (GSNI) is part of Northern Ireland's Department for the Economy (DfE). The British Geological Survey provides staff, under contract to DfE, for the GSNI.
# Accessory auricle

An accessory auricle is a congenital anomaly typically seen as a skin coloured nodule, most frequently just to the front of the ear.

## Signs and symptoms

The general presentation is of a skin-covered nodule, papule, or nodule of the skin surface, usually immediately anterior to the auricle. However, it may be anywhere within the periauricular tissues. Bilateral presentation can be seen.

## Genetics

A study of a family with 11 affected showed the accessory auricle were inherited in an autosomal dominant manner.

## Diagnosis

The lesions presents as a nodule or papule, either sessile or pedunculated. They may be soft or have a cartilaginous structure. By histologic examination, it is a recapitulation of normal external auricle. There will be skin, cartilaginous structures, and cartilage (although the last is not seen in all variants of this disorder). Some investigators believe that the tragus is the only hillock which is derived from the first branchial arch. This is clearly suggestive that true cases of accessory auricle represent a true duplication of the hillocks that were part of the second branchial arch. The second ear appears as a mirror image folded forward and lying on the posterior cheek.

### Differential diagnosis

These structures are distinctly different from squamous papilloma and benign teratoma.

### Classification

The several components or degrees of development range from an ear tag, preauricular appendage, preauricular tag, or accessory tragus, to supernumerary ears or polyotia. It is a relatively common congenital anomaly of the first branchial arch or second branchial arches. Other anomalies may be present concurrently, including cleft palate, cleft lip, or mandibular hypoplasia. There is a known association with Goldenhar syndrome (oculo-auriculo-vertebral syndrome) and with Wildervanck syndrome. There may also be an association with congenital cartilaginous rest of the neck.

## Management

Simple surgical excision is curative. The recommended treatment is that the skin is peeled off the extra-auricular tissue and protruding cartilage remnants are trimmed. Normal appearance is achieved in majority of cases. The reconstruction successful in true cases of accessory auricle, as it also is in individuals with auricular appendages.

## Epidemiology

These lesions usually present in neonates, although they may not come to clinical attention until adulthood (for cosmetic reasons). There is no gender predilection. They are present in approximately 3–6 per 1000 live births.
# Nazar Ke Samne

Nazar Ke Samne is a 1995 Indian action film directed by Jagdish A. Sharma. It stars Akshay Kumar, Kiran Kumar, Mukesh Khanna, Dalip Tahil and Farheen in pivotal role.

## Plot

Umesh, a photographer is arrested for the murder of his newspaper editor. The fact that they had an altercation earlier and that he was found at the murder scene with the murder weapon (a knife) in his hands lead to his arrest. However, in court the lawyer- Sahni, almost wins the case for Umesh. But Jai, an eyewitness, enters and his testimony results in a sentence to be hanged until death for Umesh. Jai Kumar is a fraud who can be paid to become an eyewitness. Sarita- Umesh's sister realises her brother's predicament and that Jai is a liar. She makes Jai realise how his lies can destroy families. He has a change of heart, falls in love with Sarita and promises to save Umesh. However, the court rejects Sahni's request to re-open the case. They come across a photograph which was taken accidentally at the murder scene. However, only the murderer's shoes are seen. Jai searches for the man who had paid him to lie and to find the owner of the shoes. It turns out that the lawyer is not such a nice man after all. He murdered the editor who was blackmailing him. Now as Jai is trying to find him, he has to make sure there is no proof or witnesses to prove he is the murderer. Who succeeds and how is the rest of the story.

## Cast

* Akshay Kumar as Jai Kumar
* Farheen as Sarita
* Ashok Saraf as Mamu
* Ekta Sohini as Chamia
* Mukesh Khanna as Badshah Khan Sharbatwala
* Kiran Kumar as Advocate Sangram Singh Sahni
* Dalip Tahil as Mac
* Shiva Rindani as Jimmy
* Dharmesh Tiwari as Umesh
* Anjana Mumtaz as Umesh's wife
* Bhushan Jeevan as Editor B.K. Sharma
* Dinesh Hingoo as Photo Studio Owner

## Soundtrack

| # | Title | Singer(s) |
| 1 | "Dil Dhadke Kuchh Kah Nahin" | Kumar Sanu, Sadhana Sargam |
| 2 | "Main Badshah Khan Yaaro" | Mohammad Aziz |
| 3 | "Duniya Ne Mari Thokar" | Abhijeet |
| 4 | "Dheere Dheere Baat Badi" | Kumar Sanu, Sadhana Sargam |
| 5 | "Itane Karib Aao Ye Ho Hamara Haal" | Kavita Krishnamurthy |
| 6 | "Umar Dekh Jani Kamar Dekh Jani" | Kavita Krishnamurthy |
# 4-(4-chlorophenoxy)butanoic acid

4-(4-Chlorophenoxy)butanoic acid is an herbicide. Its formula is C$_{10}$H$_{11}$ClO$_3$. It is an approved substance under the name 4-CPB by the Weed Science Society of America.

## Uses

4-(4-Chlorophenoxy)butanoic acid has been used as a starting material to produce derivatives of benzoxepin, several of which are the subject of research due to their apparent sedative-hypnotic effects.
# Castleford Chase

The Castleford Chase is a National Hunt handicap steeplechase (horse racing) in Great Britain which is open to horses aged four years or older.. It is run over a distance of about 1 mile and 7 furlongs (1 mile 7 furlongs and 36 yards, or 3,050 metres) at Wetherby Racecourse in late December. There are thirteen fences to be jumped in the race.
The Castleford Chase's recent history has seen a number of changes in conditions and status. Until 1989 it was run as a limited handicap. In 1990 it was upgraded to a Grade 1 race and run as a conditions chase for the first time. From 1998 it reverted to a limited handicap and was downgraded to Grade 2 status. In 2006 it was replaced as a Grade 2 chase in the calendar by Kempton Park's newly inaugurated Desert Orchid Chase and became a handicap chase for horses rated between 0 and 145.

## Winners since 1975

* ↑ The "2004" running took place in January 2005 after the original fixture was abandoned because of frost
# Dimitri Stassos

Dimitri Stassos (Greek: Δημήτρη Στασσος; born 1969 in Stockholm, Sweden), is a Greek-Swedish songwriter known for his entries in the Eurovision Song Contest as well as writing hits for Ola Svensson and others.

## Career

He has been working professionally as a songwriter, producer, and a musician for many years, signed to Warner Chappell Scandinavia.
He has gained success in the Swedish Eurovision Song Contest as a composer and producer four times, composed Spain's contribution "La noche es para mí", performed by Soraya, in the Eurovision Song Contest 2009, as well as co-writing the song "Aphrodisiac", performed by Eleftheria Eleftheriou, which represented Greece in the Eurovision Song Contest 2012 in Baku.
On the Swedish market Dimitri has worked with "Idol" star Ola Svensson, resulting in three number one singles, "Unstoppable (co-written), "Overdrive" and "I´m In Love" (co-written by Shellback and Alexander Kronlund). He composed two songs and produced six songs on Eric Saade's debut album "Masquerade", which made it to number one on the Swedish album chart. Dimitri has also worked with Sibel, Måns Zelmerlöw, Linda Sundblad, Danny Saucedo and many more.
Outside the Swedish market Dimitri has gained success in various countries. On the Spanish market he has written and produced for Soraya, David Bustamante (Platinum album) and David Bisbal (3× Platinum). The David Bisbal song also featured British pop star Pixie Lott.
On the Greek market, Dimitri wrote and produced the songs "Sose Me (Lights On)" and "Gelaei" (Gold album "Kalokairi Stin Kardia") for artist Ivi Adamou, and the songs "Ase Me" and "Stavrolekso" for artist Eleni Foureira, (Platinum album).

## Eurovision Entries

* "La noche es para mí" by Soraya Arnelas (Spain 2009), 24th place (final)
* "Aphrodisiac" by Eleftheria Eleftheriou (Greece 2012), 17th place (final)

## Entries in national Eurovision pre-selections

* "Hypnotized" by Sofia (Sweden 2007), 7th place (semi-final)
* "Alla" by Sofia (Sweden 2009), 10th place
* "La noche es para mí" by Soraya Arnelas (Spain 2009), 1st place
* "Unstoppable" by Ola Svensson (Sweden 2010), 7th place
* "Stop" by Sibel Redžep (Sweden 2010), 7th place (semi-final)
* "Aphrodisiac" by Eleftheria Eleftheriou (Greece 2012), 1st place
* "Waterfall" by Joni (Hungary 2014), 9th place (semi-final)
* "Memories (In Melody)" by Nikki Kavanagh (Ireland 2015), 4th place
* "Empty Hearted" by Domenique (Malta 2016), eliminated (semi-final)
* "The Wrong Kind" by Veronicas Illusion (Denmark 2016), Finalist
* "Don't Wake Me Up" by Tuuli Okkonen (Finland 2016), 9th place
* "A.S.A.P." by Johanna Beijbom (Denmark 2017), 3rd place
* "Čudo" by Goga Stanić (Serbia 2019), 8th place (semi-final)
* "Die for You" by Catarina Sandu (Moldova 2020), 4th place
* "Into the Fire" by Nicole Azzopardi (Malta 2022), 3rd place
* "Contrasens" by Reghina Alexandrina (Moldova 2024), 6th place
* "Play It!" by Xannova Xan (Greece 2025), 5th place
# Attila Brungs

Attila Brungs (born 1972) is the Vice-Chancellor and President of the University of New South Wales (UNSW). He was appointed to the role in January 2022. Prior to this role, he was the Vice-Chancellor and President of the University of Technology Sydney (UTS); a role that he held from July 2014 to October 2021.

## Career

Brungs has been a researcher in both industry and academia, with interests in the area of heterogeneous catalysis. Brungs is an elected Fellow of the Royal Society of New South Wales and an elected Fellow of the Australian Academy of Technology and Engineering.
As Vice-Chancellor of UTS, Brungs has been instrumental in the university's rise to Australia's position among the world's top young universities, including supporting the transformation of the UTS campus with the addition of the Dr Chau Chak Wing Building, designed by Frank Gehry, the Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology Building, the Vicki Sara Building and the UTS Central Building through a $1.5 billion campus master plan.
Prior to his appointment as Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Research) at UTS in September 2009, Brungs was General Manager, Science Investment, Strategy and Performance at CSIRO. His role incorporated the determination of broad research direction and resource allocation, performance monitoring of CSIRO research programs, including its flagship programs, and the development and implementation of organisational strategy.
Before joining CSIRO in 2002, Brungs was a senior manager at McKinsey and Co, managing teams in North America, Asia, New Zealand and Australia.
Some of Brungs' present key appointments include the NSW Innovation and Productivity Council; Committee for Sydney Board; Convenor, NSW Vice-Chancellor's Committee; Chair, Australian Technology Network; and the ATSE Diversity and Equity Committee. His experience includes many distinguished past board and committee memberships, including for not-for-profit organisations, in addition to numerous state and federal government and institutional appointments.

## Education

Brungs is a Rhodes Scholar, with a doctorate in inorganic chemistry from Oxford University, and a recipient of the University Medal in Industrial Chemistry from UNSW. He is an alumnus of Saint Ignatius' College, Riverview in Sydney.

## Personal life

Brungs grew up in Sydney and is married to artist Kate Gradwell. Brungs and Gradwell have two children together. He is a member of the Sydney Sabre and UTS Fencing Club.
# Peter Munguti Makau

Peter Munguti Makau I.M.C., (born 6 May 1975) is a Kenyan Roman Catholic prelate who is the Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Isiolo, Kenya since 2024. He served as Coadjutor Bishop of the same diocese from May 2024 until he succeeded as the Ordinary in September 2024. He was appointed bishop on 4 May 2024 by Pope Francis.

## Early life and education

He was born on 6 May 1975 in Nairobi, in the Archdiocese of Nairobi, in Kenya. He joined the Order of the Consolata Missionaries in Nairobi. He studied at the Consolata Seminary Nairobi, where he completed his postulancy and philosophy studies. He then transferred to the Consolata Novitiate of Sagana in the Catholic Diocese of Muranga, in Kenya, where he completed his novitiate.
He studied theology at the Saint Eugène de Mazenod Institute, in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). He also holds a Diploma in Canon Law from the Universidad Monteávila in Caracas, Venezuela.

## Priest

He took his first vows as a Consolata Missionary on 6 August 1999. He then took his perpetual vows on 5 December 2003. He was ordained a priest of the Consolata Missionaries on 20 November 2004 in the Catholic Diocese of Machakos. He served in that capacity until 4 May 2024.
As a priest, he served in various roles, including as:
* Parish Priest in Carapita Parish, Catholic Archdiocese of Caracas, Venezuela from 2006 until 2014.
* Superior Delegate for Venezuela for two mandates from 2014 until 2019.
* Regional Superior of the Consolata Missionaries in Kenya and Uganda from 2019 until 2024.

## Bishop

On 4 May 2024 Pope Francis appointed him Coadjutor Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Isiolo, to deputize and study Bishop Anthony Ireri Mukobo, I.M.C., who was approaching age-related retirement.
He was consecrated and installed at the grounds of St. Eusebius Cathedral Isiolo, at Isiolo, in the Diocese of Isiolo on 27 July 2024. The Principal Consecrator was Archbishop Hubertus Matheus Maria van Megen, Titular Archbishop of Novaliciana assisted by Archbishop Anthony Muheria, Archbishop of Nyeri and Bishop Anthony Ireri Mukobo, Bishop of Isiolo.
In September 2024, The Holly Father accepted the age-related retirement request from pastoral responsibility of the Diocese of Isiolo, presented by Anthony Ireri Mukobo the Ordinary of the diocese. Pope Francis allowed the Coadjutor Bishop Peter Munguti Makau to succeed as Ordinary on 28 September 2024.
# Kerstin Jönßon

Kerstin Jönßon (born 3 July 1964) is a German handball player who played for the West German national team and later for Austria. She was born in Glückstadt. She represented West Germany at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, where the West German team placed fourth.
She represented Austria at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona.