# 1993 Norwegian parliamentary election

Parliamentary elections were held in Norway on 12 and 13 September 1993. It was the first European election where the two largest parties fielded a female leadership candidate, and the first election in history where all the largest three parties fielded female leadership candidates. The Labour Party remained the largest party in the Storting, winning 67 of the 165 seats.
Voter turnout was 76% , the lowest in a national election since the 1927 elections. The prospect of European Union membership was a key issue in the election campaign.

## Contesting parties

| Name | Name | Name | Ideology | Position | Leader | 1989 result | 1989 result |
| Name | Name | Name | Ideology | Position | Leader | Votes (%) | Seats |
| | Ap | Labour Party Arbeiderpartiet | Social democracy Pro-Europeanism | Centre-left | Gro Harlem Brundtland | 34.2% | 63 / 165 |
| | H | Conservative Party Høyre | Conservatism Pro-Europeanism | Centre-right | Kaci Kullmann Five | 22.2% | 37 / 165 |
| | FrP | Progress Party Fremskrittspartiet | Classical liberalism Pro-Europeanism | Right-wing | Carl I. Hagen | 13.0% | 22 / 165 |
| | SV | Socialist Left Party Sosialistisk Venstreparti | Democratic socialism Hard-Euroscepticism | Left-wing | Erik Solheim | 10.0% | 17 / 165 |
| | KrF | Christian Democratic Party Kristelig Folkeparti | Christian democracy Euroscepticism | Centre to centre-right | Kjell Magne Bondevik | 8.4% | 14 / 165 |
| | Sp | Centre Party Senterpartiet | Agrarianism Hard-Euroscepticism | Centre | Anne Enger Lahnstein | 6.4% | 11 / 165 |
| | V | Liberal Party Venstre | Social liberalism Euroscepticism | Centre | Odd Einar Dørum | 3.2% | 0 / 165 |
| | F | Future for Finnmark Folkeaksjonen Framtid for Finnmark | Social democracy | | Anders John Aune | 0.3% | 1 / 165 |

## Campaign
### Slogans

| Party | Party | Original slogan | English translation |
| | Labour Party | «Partiet til venstre der hjerte banker» | «The party to the left where the heart beats» |
| | Conservative Party | «Vi vil føre en solidarisk politikk for å skape arbeidsplasser, et miljø og leve i og rettferdig fordeling» | «We will drive a solidaric policy to create jobs, an environment to live in and fair distribution» |
| | Progress Party | «Fremtiden skapes, den vedtas ikke» | «The future is created, it’s not passed (as in a law passed)» |
| | Socialist Left Party | «Verdiskaping, valgfrihet og internasjonalt samarbeid» | «Creation of values, freedom of choice and international cooperation» |
| | Christian Democratic Party | «Gjenreis respekten for livets ukrenkelighet i alle livets faser» | « restore respect for the inviolability of life in all phases of life» |
| | Centre Party | «Nei til EF, forsvar grunnloven» | «No to EC (European Community, later European Union), defend the constitution» |
| | Liberal party | «Tillit til dem som skaper jobbene» | «Trust to those who create the jobs» |
| Sources: ||||

### Debates

1993 Norwegian general election debates :
| Date | Time | Organizers | P Present  I Invitee N Non-invitee | P Present  I Invitee N Non-invitee | P Present  I Invitee N Non-invitee | P Present  I Invitee N Non-invitee | P Present  I Invitee N Non-invitee | P Present  I Invitee N Non-invitee | P Present  I Invitee N Non-invitee | P Present  I Invitee N Non-invitee | P Present  I Invitee N Non-invitee |
| Date | Time | Organizers | Ap | H | Frp | Sv | KrF | Sp | V | R | Refs |
| 10 Sep | 00:00 | NRK | P Thorbjørn Jagland, Gro Harlem Brundtland | P Kaci Kullmann Five | P Carl I. Hagen | P Erik Solheim | P Kjell Magne Bondevik | P Anne Enger Lahnstein | P Odd Einar Dørum | P Aksel Nærstad | |

## Results

| | Labour Party | 908,724 | 36.91 | 67 | +4 |
| | Conservative Party | 419,373 | 17.03 | 28 | –9 |
| | Centre Party | 412,187 | 16.74 | 32 | +21 |
| | Socialist Left Party | 194,633 | 7.91 | 13 | –4 |
| | Christian Democratic Party | 193,885 | 7.88 | 13 | –1 |
| | Progress Party | 154,497 | 6.28 | 10 | –12 |
| | Liberal Party | 88,985 | 3.61 | 1 | +1 |
| | Red Electoral Alliance | 26,360 | 1.07 | 1 | +1 |
| | Pensioners' Party | 25,835 | 1.05 | 0 | 0 |
| | Fatherland Party | 11,694 | 0.47 | 0 | New |
| | New Future Coalition Party | 8,777 | 0.36 | 0 | New |
| | Environment Party The Greens | 3,054 | 0.12 | 0 | 0 |
| | Christian Conservative Party | 1,974 | 0.08 | 0 | New |
| | Stop the Immigration | 1,952 | 0.08 | 0 | New |
| | Natural Law Party | 1,853 | 0.08 | 0 | New |
| | Freedom Party against the EF Union | 774 | 0.03 | 0 | New |
| | Liberal People's Party | 725 | 0.03 | 0 | New |
| | Common Future | 548 | 0.02 | 0 | New |
| | Communist Party | 361 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 |
| | Society Party | 95 | 0.00 | 0 | New |
| | Common List against Foreign Immigration | 5,663 | 0.23 | 0 | New |
| | Christian Unity Party | 5,663 | 0.23 | 0 | New |
| | Political Alternative Hordaland | 5,663 | 0.23 | 0 | New |
| | Pensioners' Party–Common Future | 5,663 | 0.23 | 0 | – |
| Total | Total | 2,461,949 | 100.00 | 165 | 0 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 2,461,949 | 99.57 | | |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 10,602 | 0.43 | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | 2,472,551 | 100.00 | | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 3,259,957 | 75.85 | | |
| Source: Nohlen & Stöver, European Elections Database ||||||

### Voter demographics

| Cohort | Percentage of cohort voting for | Percentage of cohort voting for | Percentage of cohort voting for | Percentage of cohort voting for | Percentage of cohort voting for | Percentage of cohort voting for | Percentage of cohort voting for | Percentage of cohort voting for |
| Cohort | Ap | H | Sp | Sv | KrF | FrP | V | Others |
| Total vote | 36.91% | 17.03% | 16.74% | 7.91% | 7.88% | 6.28% | 3.61% | |
| Gender |||||||||
| Females | 37.3% | 14.4% | 17.1% | 9.5% | 9.3% | 4.4% | 4.3% | |
| Males | 36.6% | 19.4% | 16.5% | 6.5% | 6.6% | 7.9% | 2.9% | |
| Age |||||||||
| 18–30 years old | 32.5% | 15.8% | 17.7% | 11.9% | 4.7% | 9.2% | 3.4% | |
| 30-59 years old | 38.1% | 18.3% | 16.1% | 8.5% | 6.4% | 5.4% | 4% | |
| 60 years old and older | 38.5% | 15.3% | 17.2% | 2.4% | 14.5% | 5.5% | 2.9% | |
| Work |||||||||
| Low income | 35% | 11.1% | 21.6% | 9.1% | 9.7% | 5.1% | 2.7% | |
| Average income | 45.1% | 11.9% | 16.9% | 7.1% | 8.8% | 4.8% | 2.9% | |
| High income | 33.8% | 27.5% | 11.3% | 7.9% | 5.5% | 6.7% | 4.8% | |
| Education |||||||||
| Primary school | 47.8% | 7.4% | 20.8% | 4.4% | 7.4% | 5.7% | 2.5% | |
| High school | 36.6% | 14.9% | 19.1% | 8.5% | 7.3% | 7.4% | 3% | |
| University/college | 29.6% | 28.1% | 9.4% | 9.7% | 9.2% | 4.7% | 5.5% | |
| Source: Norwegian Institute for Social Research |||||||||

### Seat distribution

| Constituency | Total seats | Seats won | Seats won | Seats won | Seats won | Seats won | Seats won | Seats won | Seats won |
| Constituency | Total seats | Ap | Sp | H | SV | KrF | Frp | V | RV |
| Akershus | 14 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | | |
| Aust-Agder | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | | | | | |
| Buskerud | 8 | 4 | 1 | 2 | | | 1 | | |
| Finnmark | 4 | 2 | 1 | | 1 | | | | |
| Hedmark | 8 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | | | | |
| Hordaland | 15 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | |
| Møre og Romsdal | 10 | 4 | 3 | 1 | | 2 | | | |
| Nord-Trøndelag | 6 | 3 | 2 | | 1 | | | | |
| Nordland | 12 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | | | |
| Oppland | 7 | 4 | 2 | 1 | | | | | |
| Oslo | 17 | 6 | 1 | 5 | 2 | | 2 | | 1 |
| Østfold | 8 | 4 | 1 | 1 | | 1 | 1 | | |
| Rogaland | 11 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | | |
| Sogn og Fjordane | 5 | 2 | 2 | | | 1 | | | |
| Sør-Trøndelag | 10 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | | | |
| Telemark | 8 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | |
| Troms | 6 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | | | | |
| Vest-Agder | 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | | 1 | | | |
| Vestfold | 7 | 3 | 1 | 2 | | | 1 | | |
| Total | 165 | 67 | 32 | 28 | 13 | 13 | 10 | 1 | 1 |
| Source: Norges Offisielle Statistikk ||||||||||