OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# PNS Tippu Sultan (D-185)

PNS Tippu Sultan (DDG-185), a Tariq-class destroyer, served in the Pakistan Navy after it was acquired in 1994. Her design was based on the British Type 21 frigate, and previously served in the Royal Navy as HMS Avenger as a general purpose frigate.
In 1998–2008, the extensive engineering modernization and midlife upgrade program by the Karachi Shipyard & Engineering Works at the Naval Base Karachi reclassified her status as guided missile destroyer.

## Service history
### Acquisition, construction, and modernization

She was designed and constructed by the Yarrow Shipbuilders, Glasgow, Scotland, she was laid down on 30 October 1974, and was launched on 19 July 1978. She eventually gained commissioned on 19 July 1978 in the Surface Fleet of the Royal Navy as HMS Avenger. During her service with the Royal Navy, she was notable for her wartime operations during the Falklands War with Argentina.$^{:104}$
On 3 October 1994, she was purchased by Pakistan after the successful negotiation with the United Kingdom, along with PNS Shah Jahan.$^{:51}$
Upon arriving in Karachi, she underwent an extensive modernization and mid-life upgrade program by Karachi Shipyard & Engineering Works at the Naval Base Karachi in 1998–2002.
She was namesake after Tipu Sultan, a ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore, and was commissioned on 1 March 1994.
Her wartime performance included in deployments in patrolling off the Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman, Persian Gulf, Arabian Sea as well as deploying in the Mediterranean Sea when she was part of the multinational CTF-150. On 27 April 2020, the Pakistan military's Inter-Services Public Relations (ISPR) released a military footage showing the Navy conducting a firing exercise that sunk the Tippu Sultan in the Indian Ocean through cruise missile firing launched from a ship and a rotary aircraft.

## Gallery

* USS Reuben James leads PNS Shahjahan and PNS Tippu Sultan in Exercise Inspired Siren in the Indian Ocean in 2002.
* USS Rueben James, PNS Shahjahan and PNS Tippu Sultan in Exercise Inspired Siren in the Indian Ocean in 2002.
* A U.S. Navy PO2 assisting a Pakistan Navy lieutenant with the firefighting gear during the Exercise Inspired Siren in the Indian Ocean in 2002.
* The Pakistan Naval Air Arm Alouette III on the flight deck of PNS Tippu Sultan in International Festival of the Sea in Portsmouth, England in 2005.
* PNS Tippu Sultan receives sea-to-sea refueling from the Military Sealift Command in the Indian Ocean in 2006.
* Commodore Hasham bin Saddique taking over the command of CTF-150 from the U.S. Navy at the Tippu Sultan in 2008.
* PNS Tippu Sultan participating in Exercise Aman in Indian Ocean with the United States Coast Guard in 2009.
* U.S. Chief of Naval Operations, Admiral Gary Roughead, meeting with officers of Tippu Sultan while touring the operations of the guided missile destroyer in 2009.
* U.S. CNO, Admiral Gary Roughead overseeing the operations of Tippu Sultan in 2009.
# USCGC Barberry

USCGC Barberry (WLI-294) is a United States Coast Guard buoy tender that was donated to the state of Maryland in 1971. Based out of two locations in North Carolina and then Portsmouth, Virginia, during her Coast Guard career, the vessel was then used as an icebreaker by the Maryland Department of Natural Resources. In 2020, the Maryland Department of Natural Resources announced that the vessel would be replaced; her replacement is expected to be commissioned in 2022.

## Construction and characteristics

USCGC Barberry was launched on 14 November 1942 at Dubuque, Iowa, having been constructed by the Dubuque Boat & Boiler Works. Her sponsor was Louise Landgraf. One of eight Cosmos-class tenders, she was operated by the United States Coast Guard. She was 100 feet (30 m) long, had a beam of 24 feet 7 inches (7.49 m), a draft of 5 feet 4 inches (1.63 m) and cost $172,557 to construct. She displaced either 167 or 178 tons. She had a crew of 16 and was equipped with a boom with a 5-ton capacity and an air-powered hoist; Barberry was not armed. The vessel had hull number WLI-294 and was named after the barberry, a type of shrub. Power was provided by two Murphy 6-cylinder diesel engines that provided 330 brake horsepower (250 kW) and drove two propellers. She could go at a top speed of 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) and had a range of 3,000 nautical miles (5,600 km; 3,500 mi) at 6.5 knots (12.0 km/h; 7.5 mph).

## Career

Commissioned on 3 January 1943, she was assigned to the 5th District of the Coast Guard and operated out of Morehead City, North Carolina. During World War II, she provided aid to navigational duties. On 6 January 1945 she was transferred to Coinjock, North Carolina, and then to Portsmouth, Virginia, on 16 May 1950. Generally, she provided aid to navigation and search and rescue, as well as serving as a buoy tender. More specifically, she patrolled a boat race at Washington, D.C. in 1955, helped search for an aircraft off Stingray Point in 1956, aided a grounded yacht in 1958, and served as an icebreaker off Crisfield, Maryland, in 1959 and 1961. Declared surplus, she was decommissioned on 1 September 1970 and donated to the state of Maryland on 23 February 1971
Barberry entered service for the Maryland Department of Natural Resources in 1972 and was renamed J. Millard Tawes, after a former Governor of Maryland. The largest vessel used by the Maryland Department of Natural Resources as of 2020, the vessel was used for icebreaking around Crisfield Harbor and Smith Island, as well as being the backup icebreaker for the Port of Salisburg. It was also used to transport buoy weights are marked natural resource areas, and can provide evacuation services for Smith Island in case weather necessitates that. In March 2020, the Maryland Department of Natural Resources announced that the vessel would be retired, as maintenance was becoming difficult, partially because many of the major parts of the ship such as the engines had seen their manufacture discontinued decades earlier. As of March 2022, J. Millard Tawes has not been retired, with her replacement, MV Eddie Somers, expected to be commissioned later in the year.
# USS Kansas City (LCS-22)

USS Kansas City (LCS-22) is an Independence-class littoral combat ship of the United States Navy. She is the third ship to be named for Kansas City, the largest city in the U.S. state of Missouri.

## Design

In 2002, the United States Navy initiated a program to develop the first of a fleet of littoral combat ships. The Navy initially ordered two trimaran hulled ships from General Dynamics, which became known as the Independence-class littoral combat ship after the first ship of the class, USS Independence. Even-numbered U.S. Navy littoral combat ships are built using the Independence-class trimaran design, while odd-numbered ships are based on a competing design, the conventional monohull Freedom-class littoral combat ship. The initial order of littoral combat ships involved a total of four ships, including two of the Independence-class design. On 29 December 2010, the Navy announced that it was awarding Austal USA a contract to build ten additional Independence-class littoral combat ships.

## Construction and career

Kansas City was built in Mobile, Alabama by Austal USA. The ship was christened on 22 September 2018 in Mobile, Alabama, and sponsored by Tracy Davidson, wife of Admiral Philip S. Davidson. She was launched 19 October 2018 into the Mobile River.
Kansas City was commissioned on 20 June 2020 and she has been assigned to Littoral Combat Ship Squadron One.
# Neptis quintilla

Neptis quintilla, the angled petty sailer, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Angola, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda and western Kenya. Images BOLD The habitat consists of open areas in wet forests with a canopy cover.
The larvae feed on Acacia species.

## Taxonomy

It is a member of the melicerta Species group The members of the melicerta group are
* Neptis melicerta
* Neptis agouale
* Neptis carcassoni
* Neptis goochii
* Neptis nicomedes
* Neptis quintilla
* Neptis nicobule
* Neptis nina
# Lars Gindorf

Lars Timo Gindorf (born 13 August 2001) is a German professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for 2. Bundesliga club Hannover 96.

## Career

Gindorf passed through the youth departments of 1. FC Saarbrücken, FC Ingolstadt, SV Elversberg and SC Freiburg. In the summer of 2021, he had to leave the club after SC Freiburg's under-23 team was promoted to the 3. Liga, as he did not receive a new contract. As a result, Gindorf was unemployed for two and a half months and received state benefits.
He then moved to FC Memmingen in the Regionalliga Bayern and, in the summer of 2022, to Hannover 96's Regionalliga team, where he played under coach Daniel Stendel. In the summer of 2023, he was briefly allowed to train with the professionals of Hannover 96, but was sent back to the second team. On 2 March 2024, Gindorf made his professional debut in the 2. Bundesliga against Fortuna Düsseldorf. He signed his first professional contract on 9 April 2024. On the 30th matchday of the 2023–24 season, Gindorf made his starting XI debut in the 2. Bundesliga and scored a goal in the match at Millerntor-Stadion against FC St. Pauli.

## Honours

SC Freiburg II
* Regionalliga Südwest: 2020–21
Hannover 96 II
* Regionalliga Nord: 2023–24
# Epicrocis nigricans

Epicrocis nigricans is a species of snout moth, family Pyralidae. It was described by Émile Louis Ragonot in 1888. It is known from Ghana and Mozambique.
# Central Sava Statistical Region

The Central Sava Statistical Region (Slovene: zasavska statistična regija) is a statistical region in Slovenia. This statistical region in the Sava Hills is the smallest region in the country in terms of both area and population. In early-2010 almost 41,700 people lived on 264 km$^2$, meaning that together with the Central Slovenia Statistical Region it is the most densely populated statistical region. The natural and geographic features of this region create conditions for industrial activities and more than a third of gross value added is still generated by manufacturing, mining, and other industry. In 2013, the region once again recorded the highest negative annual population growth rate (−11.9‰), which was mainly a result of migration to other statistical regions. Among all statistical regions in 2013, this region had the highest negative net migration between regions; namely, −9.5. This region also stands out by age of mothers at childbirth. In 2013 first-time mothers in the region were on average 28.5 years old, whereas first-time mothers in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region were on average 1 year older. In the same year, the number of unemployed persons increased further. The registered unemployment rate was among the highest in the country (16.6%). In comparison with other regions, this is 7 percentage points more than in the region with the lowest registered unemployment rate, Upper Carniola, and almost 1 percentage point less than in the region with the highest unemployment rate, the Mura Statistical Region. According to the labour migration index, this is the most residential statistical region. In 2013, 60% of people in the region worked in their region of residence, and 40% worked in another region.

## Municipalities

The Central Sava Statistical Region comprises the following four municipalities:
* Hrastnik
* Litija
* Trbovlje
* Zagorje ob Savi

## Demographics

The population in 2020 was 41,657. It has a total area of 264 km$^2$.

## Economy

Employment structure: 51.2% services, 46.9% industry, 1.9% agriculture.

### Tourism

It attracts very few tourists with only 0.1% of the total number of tourists in Slovenia.

## Transportation

* Length of motorways: 0.6 km
* Length of other roads: 751 km

## Sources

* ↑ "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 2021-07-20.
* ↑ OECD. 2012. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Slovenia 2012. OECD Publishing, p. 324.
* ↑ Lapuh, Lucija. 2016. Measuring the Impact of the Recession on Slovenian Statistical Regions and their Ability to Recover. Acta Geographica Slovenica 56(2): 247–256, pp. 252ff.
* ↑ Šprah, Lilijana, Tatjana Novak, & Jerneja Fridl. 2016. The Wellbeing of Slovenia's Population by Region: Comparison of Indicators with an Emphasis on Health. Acta Geographica Slovenica 54(1): 67–87, p. 68.
* ↑ Boršič, Darja, & Alenka Kavkler. 2009. Modeling Unemployment Duration in Slovenia Using Cox Regression Models. Transition Studies Review 54(1): 145–156, p. 148.
* Slovenian regions in figures 2014
46°09′00″N 14°58′00″E﻿ / ﻿46.15000°N 14.96667°E﻿ / 46.15000; 14.96667
# Gorham (surname)

Gorham is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Arthur F. Gorham (1915–1943), American soldier
* Benjamin Gorham (1775–1845), American politician
* Christopher Gorham (born 1974), American actor
* Claire Gorham (born 1967), English journalist and television presenter
* Eville Gorham (1925–2020), Canadian-American scientist
* Frederic Poole Gorham (1871–1933), American bacteriologist
* Geoffrey de Gorham (fl. 1119–46), Norman English abbot and scholar
* George Congdon Gorham (1832–1909), American politician and newspaper editor
* George Cornelius Gorham (1787–1857), English cleric
* Graeme Gorham (born 1987), Canadian ski jumper
* Henry Stephen Gorham (1839–1920) English entomologist
* John Gorham (graphic designer) (1937–2001), English graphic designer
* John Gorham (military officer) (1709–1751), New England soldier, founder of Gorham's Rangers
* John Gorham (physician) (1783–1829), American physician and educator
* Joseph Gorham (1725–1790), brother of John Gorham (military officer), American colonial military officer and British army commander
* Justin Gorham (born 1998), American basketball player
* Kathleen Gorham (1928–1983), Australian ballerina
* Maurice Gorham (1902–1975), Irish journalist and broadcasting executive
* Mel Gorham (born 1959), American actress
* Nathaniel Gorham (1738–1796), American Founding Father
* Richard Gorham (1917–2006), Bermudian parliamentarian, businessman and philanthropist
* Rob da Bank (Robert John Gorham, born 1973), English DJ
* Sarah Gorham (born 1954), American poet
* Sarah E. Gorham (1832–1894), American missionary
* Scott Gorham (born 1951), American guitarist and songwriter
# Fay Hyland Botanical Plantation

The Fay Hyland Botanical Plantation (also known as the Fay Hyland Arboretum), 10 acres (40,000 m$^2$), is an arboretum and botanical garden located along the Stillwater River on the University of Maine campus in Orono, Maine, United States. It is open to the public daily.
The Arboretum was established in 1934, named in honor of Fay Hyland, and contains living examples of woody plants from Maine and throughout the world.
# Tiger kidnapping

A tiger kidnapping or tiger robbery involves two separate crimes. The first crime usually involves an abduction of a valuable person or thing. Instead of demanding money, the captors demand that a second crime be committed on their behalf. The second crime could be anything from robbery to a murder to the planting of a bomb. A person or item held hostage is kept by the captors until their demands are met. The goal of the captors is to have their risky/dirty work performed by another person. The victims of a crime like this are less likely to report to authorities since they just committed a crime themselves.

## Origins

The practice began as a twist on a tactic used by the Irish Republican Army, which kidnapped people in order to coerce others into placing car bombs. The term originated from the similar way that criminals observe and "stalk their prey before pouncing".
The first recorded crime that can be described as a tiger kidnapping occurred in 1972, but the term was coined in the 1980s and gained more widespread use in the following decade. Since tiger kidnapping is technically two crimes committed in tandem, statistics regarding their occurrence are difficult to compile. Tiger kidnappings have occurred in several jurisdictions, but are more common in the United Kingdom, Ireland, and Belgium. Examples include the Northern Bank robbery and Bank of Ireland robbery. According to International Herald Tribune, tiger kidnappings "have become common in Ireland, a close-knit society where criminals can closely track their targets" and "they have typically involved thefts below €1 million." After the 2009 Bank of Ireland robbery, Charlie Flanagan, a member of the Irish Parliament, remarked that “tiger kidnappings are taking place in Ireland... at a rate of almost one per week.”

## Countermeasures

Businesses can take several steps to guard against these such as mandating that two or more people must work in tandem in order to open sensitive areas such as bank vaults and cash boxes.

## In popular culture

The movies Cash on Demand, Nick of Time, Bandits, Firewall, Intermission and Waist Deep dramatize tiger kidnappings.
The video game Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney − Justice for All features a tiger kidnapping as a plot point in its final case.
The 2002 video game The Getaway plot revolves around the tiger kidnapping of one of the game's protagonists' son.
A tiger kidnapping is also carried out in Season 4 of Love/Hate.
The series Happy Valley features a kidnapping that is falsely described as a tiger kidnapping by Sergeant Cawood.
Vera series 11, episode 3 "Tyger, tyger" revolves around a kidnapping which instigates a smuggling crime through the Port of Tyne.
# Owen Farnworth

Owen Farnworth (born 11 February 1999) is a professional rugby league footballer who plays as a prop for the Oldham RLFC in the RFL Championship.

## Playing Career
### Widnes Vikings

In 2017 he made his Super League début for Widnes against the Leeds Rhinos.

### Oldham RLFC

On 17 Oct 2023 it was confirmed that he would join Oldham RLFC for the 2024 season on a 2-year deal.
# Park Street Bridge

The Park Street Bridge is a double-leaf bascule drawbridge spanning 372 feet of the Oakland Estuary in the San Francisco Bay Area. It links the cities of Oakland and Alameda. In a year, the bridge is opened approximately 1700 times and carries approximately 40,000 vehicles per work day. It was built when the Oakland Estuary was trenched, converting Alameda from a peninsula to an island.
The Park Street bridge is one of the four bridges that allow access to Alameda. It is considered the best route for bicycles to cross to Alameda as the small narrow walkway in the Posey Tube is difficult to navigate if there is another pedestrian or bicyclist also using it.
According to the Historic Bridges.org, The design of this fixed trunnion bascule bridge is strikingly similar to the earliest fixed trunnion bascule bridges built in Chicago in the first decade of the 20th Century including external rack (visible at the ends of the trusses) and through truss design (with no overhead bracing at the center of the bridge), however this California example dates to 1935.

## History

The original Park Street bridge was completed in 1893. The Park Street, High Street, and Fruitvale Avenue bridges were built by the U.S. Government in exchange for permission and rights-of-way to dredge the channel between San Antonio Creek and San Leandro Bay. It had a wooden deck, a wrought iron thru truss swing span and wooden trestle approach spans. Riding the bridge as it opened to let water traffic through, as well as fishing off the bridge, were popular activities. It took ten years after the bridge's completion to dredge the channel.
The present bridge was designed by the County of Alameda Surveyors Office and constructed under the Federal WPA Program. It was opened in 1935 with a grand opening celebration that included a public wedding of a man from Oakland and woman from Alameda to symbolize the unity of the two cities with the building of the bridge.
# Magnesium production by country
## USGS summary

This is a list of countries by magnesium production in 2018 based on United States Geological Survey figures and US capacity figures.
* indicates "Natural resources of country or territory" links.
Magnesium production (thousand tonnes) by country :
| Country (or area) | Magnesium production (thousand tonnes) |
| World | 1,020 (est) |
| China * | 800 |
| Russia * | 65 |
| United States | 50 (est) |
| Israel * | 25 |
| Kazakhstan * | 23 |
| Ukraine * | 19 |
| Brazil * | 15 |
| Turkey * | 10 |
| South Korea * | 10 |
| Iran * | 5 |

## Canada

In 2000, Canada produced the second-most Mg mineral in the world, and by 2011 it produced none. This may have been the result of the toxic sulfur emission SF6 problem, regulated by the Kyoto accord. Many resources exist in south-eastern British Columbia.

### Mines

* Baymag produces from magnesite ore in Mount Brussiloff, near Radium Hot Springs, British Columbia, and calcinates the ore into refined MgO in Exshaw AB.
* Rossland BC - Gryphon Enterprises purchased an open-pit mining property in November 2017 for $750 million.

### Smelters and refineries

* Noranda Inc produced Mg from its tailings ponds in Asbestos, Quebec from 2000 for about a decade.
* The magnesium smelter in Bécancour, Quebec used to be operated by Norsk Hydro, and was shuttered by 2011.
* The Dominion Magnesium Limited smelter in Haley Station, Ontario was the site for the first industrial implementation of the Pidgeon process. It began operation around 1942 and ceased operation before 2010.

### Secondary producers

A non-exhaustive list of producers in 2000:
* Magnesium Products Ltd., Strathroy, Ontario
* Indalloy, Rexdale, Ontario
* Trimag, Haley Station, Ontario
* Dynacast, Pointe Claire, Quebec
* ITM, Quebec City

## China

China accounts for 85% of Mg production.
# Emiliano Lauzi

Emiliano Lauzi (born 22 September 1994) is an Italian snowboarder who competed in the men's slopestyle and big air events at the 2022 Winter Olympics. Lauzi had finished sixth in the big air event at the Aspen 2021 World Championships.
# Bolludərə

Bolludərə (also, Bollydərə) is a village and municipality in the Shaki Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 408.
# 2010 Iceland power outages

The 2010 Iceland power outages was a massive, widespread power outage that occurred nationwide in Iceland, on Wednesday, September 1 to 21, 2010, at approximately 21:00 UTC. At the time, it was one of the most widespread electrical outages in Icelandic history. The three largest aluminium smelters in Iceland were hit by the outage, leaving Century Aluminum Grundartangi and Rio Tinto Alcan Straumsvík totally off-grid. The third aluminium smelter, Alcoa Fjarðarál, was forced to reduce its operations to a bare minimum. Hot water became immediately scarce in some of the neighborhoods in Reykjavík, the capital, 20 days fully restored.
# Saint-Germain-la-Chambotte

Saint-Germain-la-Chambotte (French pronunciation:; Arpitan: San-Zharmin) is a former commune in the Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Entrelacs.