# Velké Meziříčí

Velké Meziříčí (Czech pronunciation:; German: Groß Meseritsch) is a town in Žďár nad Sázavou District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 12,000 inhabitants. The historic town centre with the castle complex is well preserved and is protected by law as an urban monument zone.

## Administrative division

Velké Meziříčí consists of eight municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
* Velké Meziříčí (9,841)
* Dolní Radslavice (89)
* Hrbov (165)
* Kúsky (83)
* Lhotky (271)
* Mostiště (572)
* Olší nad Oslavou (272)
* Svařenov (116)

## Etymology

The name Meziříčí literally means 'between the rivers' and is related to its location on the confluence of rivers. The attribute Velké (i.e. 'great') was added later to distinguish from places with the same name.

## Geography

Velké Meziříčí is located about 23 kilometres (14 mi) south of Žďár nad Sázavou and 30 km (19 mi) east of Jihlava. It is situated in a valley framed by the hills of the Křižanov Highlands. It lies at the confluence of the Oslava and Balinka rivers. A set of ponds is located on the Lovíčský Stream, which flows into the Balinka in the town. Part of the Mostiště reservoir is located in the municipal territory and is the largest water body of the territory.

## History

The settlement of Meziříčí was founded during the colonization of the Oslava valley in the 12th century. The first written credible mention of Meziříčí is from 1281. A counterfeit documented existence of Meziříčí in 1236, however, the estimated foundation of the castle above Meziříčí is actually around 1236 and is on the oldest aristocratic castles in Moravia. The palisade and then the stone walls were built in the 14th century. The Church of Saint Nicholas was first mentioned in 1317. The village was located on crossroads of two trade routes and developed into a town.
The settlement obtained full town privileges in 1408. During the Hussite Wars, Meziříčí was a military base of the Hussites. Around 1434, the castle was fortified. In 1464, the castle was conquered by King George of Poděbrady, and in 1468, the town was ransacked by the army of Matthias Corvinus.
Meziříčí experienced the greatest boom during the Renaissance period. The first Jews came into the town in the late 15th century and the Jewish community was established in the 17th century. The prosperity of the town was interrupted by the Thirty Years' War, during which the town was burned down several times. In the 18th century, the town prospered again.
In the 19th century, first factories were built, and the development of the town's industry was also helped by the construction of the railway.
Until 1918, the town was part of Austria-Hungary, head of the district with the same name, one of the 34 Bezirkshauptmannschaften in Moravia.

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1869 | 6,792 | — |
| 1880 | 7,221 | +6.3% |
| 1890 | 7,021 | −2.8% |
| 1900 | 6,877 | −2.1% |
| 1910 | 6,959 | +1.2% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1921 | 7,335 | +5.4% |
| 1930 | 7,170 | −2.2% |
| 1950 | 7,676 | +7.1% |
| 1961 | 8,424 | +9.7% |
| 1970 | 9,091 | +7.9% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1980 | 10,505 | +15.6% |
| 1991 | 11,518 | +9.6% |
| 2001 | 11,811 | +2.5% |
| 2011 | 11,680 | −1.1% |
| 2021 | 11,409 | −2.3% |
Source: Censuses :

## Economy

The largest industriual employers based in the town are Draka Kabely (manufacturer of cables and electric wires, part of Prysmian Group), JOPP Automotive (manufacturer of car parts) and POEX Velké Meziříčí (food industry).

## Transport

The D1 motorway from Prague to Brno runs through the town. The 425 metres (1,394 ft) long and 77 metres (253 ft) high Vysočina Bridge spans the built-up area.
Velké Meziříčí lies on the Křižanov–Studenec railway line of local importance.

## Sights

The Velké Meziříčí Castle is the landmark of the town. The original Romanesque-Gothic castle was rebuilt in the Renaissance style in the 16th century and after a fire in 1723, Baroque reconstruction was made. Today it houses the Velké Meziříčí Museum. The museum was founded in 1893 and includes historical and scientific collections, a collection of cubist furniture, and an exhibition on the construction of roads and bridges.
The historic centre was delimited by town walls and both rivers. Part of the town walls with a gate are preserved. The landmark of the square is the Church of Saint Nicholas. This Gothic building comes probably from the 12th or 13th century and has a 64 metres (210 ft) high tower open to the public. The square is lined with valuable burgher houses, the most significant buildings are the town hall from the 15th century, and a house called Obecník with rich sgraffito decoration.
Several important monuments remained after the Jewish community. The Old Synagogue was built in 1695 and has a Baroque-Neoclassical portal of the main entrance from the late 18th century. The New Synagogue is from 1870 and is known for its characteristic appearance of unplastered red and black bricks. The Jewish cemetery with 1,101 tombstones comes from the mid-17th century. The oldest preserved tombstone is from 1677. The nearby ceremonial hall is from 1880.

## Notable people

* Vratislav II of Pernštejn (1530–1582), High Chancellor of Bohemia
* Tzvi Ashkenazi (1656–1718), Jewish scholar, rabbi of Amsterdam
* Isaac Hirsch Weiss (1815–1905), literature historian
* Nathan Weiss (1851–1883), Austrian physician and neurologist
* Arnold Pick (1851–1924), psychiatrist
* Růžena Vacková (1901–1982), art historian and theatre critic
* Jaroslava Blažková (1933–2017), Slovak writer

## Twin towns – sister cities

Velké Meziříčí is twinned with:
* České Meziříčí, Czech Republic
* Tisno, Croatia
* Valašské Meziříčí, Czech Republic
* Vansbro, Sweden

## Gallery

* Centre of the town from the north
* Main gate of the castle
* Church of Saint Nicholas
* Town hall
* The Vysočina Bridge