OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ericameria paniculata

Ericameria paniculata (formerly Chrysothamnus paniculatus) is a species of flowering plant in the sunflower family Asteraceae, native to the southwestern United States. It is an evergreen yellow-flowered desert shrub.
It is known by several common names, including black-banded rabbitbrush, Mojave rabbitbrush, and punctate rabbitbrush. The stems often have black, gummy bands.

## Description

Ericameria paniculata is a branching shrub reaching up to 2 meters (80 inches) tall. The spreading or erect stems are glandular and resinous and are often banded or splotched with black from a smut fungus Puccinia splendens. The glandular leaves are filiform (thread-shaped or narrowly oblanceolate) up to 3.5 centimeters (1.4 inches) in length.
The inflorescence is an array of small, yellow flower heads, each of which contains 5 to 8 disc florets but no ray florets. The fruit is up to a centimeter (0.4 inches) long including its long pappus. They are wind-dispersed.
It flowers from June to December.

## Range and habitat

Ericameria paniculata is native to the deserts of Arizona, Nevada, southern California, southwestern Utah. It is particularly common in the Mojave Desert.
It is found in a great variety of habitats, including disturbed areas such as roadsides. It tolerates poor soils. Its companions may include Larrea tridentata (creosote), Yucca brevifolia (Joshua tree), Baccharis, Hymenoclea salsola (white burrobush), Atriplex polycarpa (desert saltbush), and Acacia greggii (catclaw acacia).
# Meridian Highway Bridge

The Meridian Highway Bridge is a bridge that formerly carried U.S. Route 81 across the Missouri River between Nebraska and South Dakota. The Meridian Highway Bridge connects Yankton, South Dakota with rural Cedar County, Nebraska. The Meridian Bridge is a double-deck bridge, with the top level having carried traffic into South Dakota from Nebraska, and the lower level having carried traffic into Nebraska from South Dakota. It was closed to all traffic in 2008, but reopened for use only by pedestrians and bicycles in 2011.

## History

The bridge crosses the Missouri River, connecting Yankton, South Dakota to the north with Cedar County, Nebraska to the south. Prior to the construction of the bridge, traffic moved between these two points via a ferry service, started in 1870, and a seasonal pontoon bridge, first installed in 1890. The pontoon bridge was disassembled and rebuilt twice a year, once to float on open water, and once to be placed on solid ice. After a 1915 initiative to build a permanent bridge faltered with the U.S. entrance into World War I, a new effort was started by the Yankton Chamber of Commerce 1919. Though fundraising problems caused a temporary halt in 1922, the new bridge, featuring a movable span to allow for river navigation, was completed during the summer of 1924.
The dedication ceremony was held on October 11, 1924, and the bridge opened as a toll bridge. It was the last link of the Meridian Highway, which became U.S. Route 81, to be completed. It was designed for use by trains on the lower level of the bridge and vehicular traffic on the upper level; a lift mechanism allowed river traffic to pass below. However, trains never used the lower level. In 1953, all tolls were lifted and the two levels were converted to one-way traffic: northbound on the top, southbound on the bottom. In the 1980s, the lift mechanism and counterweights were removed, and the decorative iron railings on the upper level were replaced by Jersey barricades.
The bridge was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.
On May 9, 2008, a 10-ton gross weight limit was placed on the bridge after an inspection found corrosion on the gusset plates. It was replaced by the Discovery Bridge upon its opening on October 11, 2008, exactly 84 years after the dedication of the Meridian Highway Bridge.
The bridge was used as location for filming a scene of the 2016 film Until Forever.

## Present and future use

With completion of the Discovery Bridge, the Meridian Bridge has been converted into a pedestrian/bike trail. The bridge reopened in November 2011 to non-motorized traffic only. A two-block-long pedestrian plaza has been added.
The bridge spans the Missouri National Recreational River, a unit of the National Park Service created under the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act.
# 1948 Geelong state by-election

A by-election for the seat of Geelong in the Victorian Legislative Assembly was held on Saturday 13 November 1948. The by-election was triggered by the death of Labor member Fanny Brownbill on 10 October 1948.
The candidates were M. J. Travers for the Labor Party (a metalworker employed by the Ford Motors Geelong plant, and former president of the Geelong Trades and Labour Council), S. Baker for the Communist Party, and Edward Montgomery for the Liberal Party.
The Liberal Party won the seat, with Montgomery receiving about 45 per cent of preferences from the Communist candidate, and a nearly ten per cent swing away from Labor. This attracted comment from acting state Labor leader Bill Galvin, who said "there was a sinister influence in the way the Liberals and the Communists had put up a united front" in the by-election; and from Labor Prime Minister Ben Chifley, who also noted the role of Communist preferences in Labor's loss. Acting Liberal leader Wilfrid Kent Hughes called the win "a magnificent victory for the Liberal Party and the present Government".

## Results

Geelong state by-election, 1948 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Edward Montgomery | 9,659 | 49.58 | +10.28 |
| | Labor | M. J. Travers | 8,777 | 45.05 | −10.28 |
| | Communist | S. Baker | 1,045 | 5.36 | +5.36 |
| Total formal votes | Total formal votes | Total formal votes | 19,481 | 97.36 | |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 528 | 2.64 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 20,009 | | |
| Two-party-preferred result ||||||
| | Liberal | Edward Montgomery | 10,147 | 52.09 | +9.97 |
| | Labor | M. J. Travers | 9,334 | 47.91 | −9.97 |
| | Liberal gain from Labor | Liberal gain from Labor | Swing | | |
# Miss Diva 2019

Miss Diva 2019 was the 7th edition of the Miss Diva beauty pageant held on 26 September 2019. Miss Universe India 2018, Nehal Chudasama crowned Vartika Singh as her successor. She represented India at Miss Universe 2019 which was held in Atlanta, Georgia. Shefali Sood was crowned as Miss Supranational India 2019 by her predecessor, Aditi Hundia and she represented India at Miss Supranational 2019 held in Poland. Also, Varun Verma was selected as India's representative at the Mister Supranational 2019 contest.

## Background

In 2019, Liva Fluid Fashion obtained the sponsorship rights for the Miss Diva pageant from the previous sponsor, Yamaha Fascino. The first edition under their support was scheduled be held in 2020. Since there was no official pageant in 2019, Indian representatives for international pageants were appointed by the Miss India Organization. Preceding Miss Diva delegates were selected to compete in Miss Universe 2019 and Miss Supranational 2019 contests. The new titleholders - Vartika Singh, Shefali Sood and Varun Verma were sashed by Kangana Ranaut in a ceremony.

## Final results
### Color keys

* The contestant Won in an International pageant.
* The contestant was a Runner-up in an International pageant.
* The contestant was a Semi-Finalist in an International pageant.
* Unplaced
| Final Results | Candidate | International Placement |
| Miss Universe India 2019 | Vartika Singh | Top 20 |
| Miss Supranational India 2019 | Shefali Sood | Top 16 |
| Mister Supranational India 2019 | Varun Verma | Top 8 |

### Notes

* Vartika Singh was among the Top 7 finalists at Miss Diva 2014.
* Shefali Sood was among the Top 10 finalists at Miss Diva 2018.
* Varun Verma was the 1st runner-up at Mister India 2016.
# John Avey Barn

The John Avey Barn is a historic barn in rural western Stone County, Arkansas. It is located in the hamlet of Big Springs, on the north side of County Road 87 near the junction with Rosebud Road. It is a gambrel-roofed timber-frame structure, with vertical board siding. Built in 1906, it is the only documented bank barn in the county, with ground-level entrances on both levels. The southern end provides access to the lower level, while the upper level is accessed via an entrance on the north end.
The barn was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.
# Erik Møse

Erik Møse (born 9 October 1950) is a Norwegian judge. Møse has been a judge at the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), Supreme Court of Norway, and the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR). At the ICTR, he served as Vice President and later President. Having retired from his judicial career, he is currently serving as Chair of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on Ukraine.

## Education and early career

Møse graduated from the University of Oslo and had post-graduate studies at the Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva. Beginning in 1981, he taught at the University of Oslo. He then became a Fellow at the University of Essex in England and subsequently an Honorary Doctor.

## Human rights expert

Møse has published extensively in the field of human rights. He led the committee that published the Norwegian Official Report 1993:18 on human rights.
Møse was head of department in the Norwegian Ministry of Justice and the Police until 1986; deputy judge, Supreme Court advocate at the Solicitor General's Office from 1986 to 1993; and presiding judge at Borgarting Court of Appeal in Oslo from 1993 to 1999.
Møse became Vice President of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) in 1999, then President in 2003, succeeding Navanethem Pillay.
Møse was President of the ICTR from 2003 to 2007. As of 2009, he was the Presiding Judge in Trial Chamber I of the ICTR.
In 2008 he was named as a Supreme Court Justice of Norway. In 2011 he was elected judge at the European Court of Human Rights. He resumed his Supreme Court chair in 2018.

## Personal life

Møse is married and has two children, who both attended International School Moshi Arusha Campus and International School Moshi.
# Karen Winkfield

Karen Marie Winkfield (born 1970) is an American radiation oncologist, physician-scientist, and implementation scientist. She is the Ingram Professor of Cancer Research at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine.

## Early life and education

Winkfield was born in 1970 to a family of Jehovah's Witnesses who were opposed to formal education.
Winkfield completed a B.S. in biochemistry at Binghamton University. She earned a Ph.D. (2004) in pathology and M.D. (2005) from Duke University School of Medicine. Winkfield was the second black woman to complete the medical scientist training program at Duke University. She completed a radiation oncology residency at Harvard University.

## Career

Winfield was an associate director for community outreach and engagement and director of the office of cancer health equity at Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist. In 2020, Winkfield joined Vanderbilt University. She is the executive director of the Meharry-Vanderbilt Alliance, Ingram Professor of Cancer Research, and a professor of radiation oncology at Vanderbilt University Medical Center.
Winkfield is the cofounder and director of the Association of Black Radiation Oncologists. She is an implementation scientist focused on using her experience with community engagement to improve health equity. Winkfield co-leads the Inclusive Participation Workgroup of the NIH CEAL teams against COVID-19 disparities.
In September 2021, Winkfield was appointed by U.S. president Joe Biden to a six-year term on the National Cancer Advisory Board. She was also recognized as one of the 100 Influential Women in Oncology by OncoDaily.

## Personal life

Winkfield was married to Jeffrey Walker. Walker was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes in 2003 and passed away in 2018 from complications of the disease. His medical journey influenced Winkfield to pursue patient advocacy.
# Oscar O'Neill Oxholm (1809–1871)

Oscar O'Neill Oxholm (28 April 1809 – 15 October 1871) was a Danish military officer, chamberlain and landowner. He owned Rosenfeldt Manor at Vordingborg from 1841.

## Early life

Oxholm was the son of the former Ann O'Neill and Peter Lotharius Oxholm, who served as governor-general of the Danish West Indies from 1815 to 1816 who participated in the Battle of Køge in 1807. His mother was the daughter of a plantation owner on St. Croix.
His father owned a mansion of the corner of Sankt Annæ Plads and Amaliegade (which was acquired by King Frederick VI in 1826 who put it at the disposal of Prince William of Hesse-Kassel, who lived there until his death in 1867), as well as the St. George Hill, Sally's Fancy, and Hope plantations on Saint Croix.

## Career

Oxholm began his career in the Royal Danish Army at the Foot Guards. In 1848, he was freed from service to serve as adjudant for Frederick VII. He reached the rank of Major-General and was appointed to chamberlain.
Oxholm purchased Rosenfeldt Manor at Vordingborg in 1841. He constructed the new main building, two farm buildings and 20 fæstegårde. Designed by Henrik Steffens Sibbern, the main building was built from 1868 to 1870.

## Personal life

Oxholm married the Irish Adelaide Maria O'Kelly (1817-1842) in 1842. Together, they had three sons:
* Carl Arthur O'Neill Oxholm (1843–1914), who married Sophie Marguerite Bech (1848–1935), a daughter of Danish diplomat Edward Bech.
* Fritz Johan Georg O'Neill Oxholm (1850–1878), who died unmarried.
* Oscar Siegfred Christian O'Neill Oxholm (1855–1926), a courtier, chamberlain, and master of ceremonies who married Countess Fritze Wilhelmine Wanda Theodora Holstein, a daughter of Prime Minister Ludvig Holstein-Holsteinborg.
He died on 15 October 1871 and is buried at Kastrup Cemetery. As his eldest son died without issue in 1914, the Rosenfeldt estate passed to his daughter-in-law Sophie, and following her death in 1935, his grandson, Oscar O'Neill Oxholm, who served as the Danish ambassador to China from 1932 to 1939.
# 1954 Prayag Kumbh Mela stampede

1954 Kumbh Mela crowd collapses was a major crowd crush that occurred on 3 February 1954 at Kumbha Mela in Prayagraj in Uttar Pradesh state in India. It was the main bathing day of Mauni Amavasya (New Moon), when the incident took place. 4–5 million pilgrims took part in the festival that year, which was also the first Kumbh Mela after India's Independence.
The figures for the tragedy varied according to different sources. Officially, 316 people lost their lives. While The Guardian reported more than 800 people died, and over 100 were injured, TIME reported "no fewer than 350 people were trampled to death and drowned, 200 were counted missing, and over 2,000 were injured". According to the book Law and Order in India, over 500 people died.

## Reasons and aftermath

The 1954 Kumbh Mela occasion was used by politicians to connect with the Indian populace prior to India's Independence. This was the first Kumbh Mela after Independence, with more than 5 million pilgrims in attendance for the 40-day festival, at Allahabad, (today known as Prayagraj); many leading politicians visited the city during the event.
In addition to the compounding failures of crowd control measures, and the presence of a large number of politicians, a major factor contributing to the incident was that the Ganges River had changed course and moved in closer to the Bund (embankment) and the city, reducing the available space of the temporary Kumbh township, and restricting movement of the people. Ultimately, what triggered the tragedy was a crowd surge that broke through the barriers, separating them from a procession of sadhus and holy men of various akharas, resulting in the fatal crush.
After the event, Prime Minister Jawahar Lal Nehru suggested that politicians and VIPs should refrain from visiting the Mela, and were all exonerated, along with the government, of any wrongdoing after an inquiry. The judicial inquiry commission, set up after what was one of the worst crowd crushes in India's history, was headed by Justice Kamala Kant Verma, and its recommendations became the basis for better management of future events in the coming decades. This tragedy has stood as a grim reminder to Mela planners and district administrators. Over the years, the crowds have progressively increased, so much so that 80–100 million people took part in the 2010 Kumbh Mela, making it the largest gathering anywhere in the world. Among the other fatal Kumbh Mela crushes, the most notable have been in the years 1840, 1906, 1954, 1986, 2003 (39 deaths), 2010 (7 deaths), 2013 (36 deaths) and 2025 (30 deaths).

## In popular culture

* There is a reference to the 1954 Kumbh Mela Stampede in the 1993 novel A Suitable Boy by Vikram Seth. In the novel, the event is called "Pul Mela" instead of "Kumbh Mela". It is also depicted (again as "Pul Mela"), in the 2020 television adaptation.
* In the novel written by Kalkut (Samaresh Basu), Amrita Kumbher Sandhane, the tragedy of the stampede is highlighted along with reaction of the pilgrims. It was later made into a film.
# Bloody September incident

Bloody September (Indonesian: September Berdarah) was an incident on 26 September 2019 during the height of 2019 Indonesian protests and riots in Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi. Two students, Imawan Randi and Yusuf Kardawi, from Haluoleo University was allegedly shot by the police when protesting in front of the provincial parliament building and the regional police headquarter against the controversial revision on Corruption Eradication Commission and the new Criminal Code Bill.
The shooting was commemorated by the students of the university every year since then with demands to investigate and prosecute the preparator. On 2022, the commemoration's demonstration ended with a riot and clash with security personnels. Both cases investigation as of 2022 has not yet been solved.
# Merrill P. Barber Bridge

The Merrill P. Barber Bridge is a concrete arch bridge that spans the Indian River Intracoastal Waterway in Indian River County, Florida. The bridge was completed in 1995. A fishing pier is constructed below the bridge on the east side.
The bridge is named for Merrill P. Barber, the mayor of Vero Beach from 1947 to 1949, and member of the Florida Senate from the 12th District from 1954 to 1958 and from the 29th District from 1963 to 1968. The bridge has a total length of 3,834 feet (1,169 m) with a main span of 100 feet (30 m). The vertical clearance is 65 ft. The Florida Department of Transportation number is 880087.
The bridge replaced the old Barber Bridge, built in 1951, which was concrete and had a steel bascule span. This bridge was in constant state of disrepair and was removed, barged out to sea and sunk to become a reef. The steel bascule span was purchased by Disney and is in Orlando at the Walt Disney World theme park.
# Saddle Creek Underpass

The Saddle Creek Underpass is located in the Midtown area of Omaha, Nebraska. Designed to carry Saddle Creek Road under Dodge Street (US 6), the underpass was constructed in 1934 by the Works Progress Administration. It was included on the Bridges in Nebraska Multiple Property Submission on June 29, 1992.

## About

The Nebraska Department of Roads Biennial Report of 1933-34 describes the construction of the underpass as featuring "a complete, modern street light system, and interlocking traffic control signal system, two pedestrian subways, and a grade separation of Dodge Street and Saddle Creek Boulevard."
Built by the Works Progress Administration, over 1,175 cubic yards (898 m$^3$) of dirt were excavated to lower Saddle Creek Road sufficiently to pass under the overpass. The project was completed in 1934, and was designed to accommodate the westernmost addition to Omaha's boulevard system, which was originally called Saddle Creek Boulevard. Saddle Creek Road still utilizes the underpass today as it sits between the Morton Meadows and Dundee neighborhoods. As of 2004 the Underpass was the only property listed on the National Register in either neighborhood, although each one has submitted applications to be listed as a historic district.
# Erin Rachel Hudak

Erin Rachel Hudak (born 1978) is a multi-media artist currently residing in Brooklyn, New York. She began her career as an assistant to David Levinthal.
Born in Stow, Ohio, Ms. Hudak creates collages, paintings and sculptures that represent ideas of freedom, power, perception and transformation. Hudak's artwork often depicts images of nature juxtaposed with images of civilization.
Ms. Hudak received her B.F.A from the Savannah College of Art and Design and attended Allegheny College for art and literature. Her work has exhibited nationally, and been featured in press internationally, including Vogue Girl Korea, DailyCandy.com, Art+Culture.com, The Village Voice, New York Daily News, Sun Valley Magazine, Beautiful/Decay, and TrendHunter. Her studio is featured in the Museum of Modern Art "MoMa PS1: Studio Visit" project.
Perhaps Ms. Hudak's best-known installation, 2006's "Love" was featured on the front page of The Bay Ridge Paper and in The Brooklyn Paper. Near-identical works soon appeared elsewhere, such as the December 2007 cover of New York Magazine. The New York Magazine cover image was credited solely to artist Michael De Feo.
On September 26, 2014, her exhibit "See/Thru" premiered at the DUMBO Arts Festival.
Ms. Hudak's husband, artist James Seward, worked as an assistant to Jeff Koons from 2005 to 2013.
# Alma Rišaia Rba

Alma Rišaia Rba or Diwan Alma Rišaia Rabbā (Classical Mandaic: ࡀࡋࡌࡀ ࡓࡉࡔࡀࡉࡀ ࡓࡁࡀ, "The Great Supreme World" or "The Great First World") is a Mandaean religious text. The text is used for Mandaean priestly initiation ceremonies. It is written as a scroll and has numerous illustrations. Alma Rišaia Rba complements Alma Rišaia Zuṭa, or "The Smaller Supreme World", a related Mandaic text used for priestly rituals.

## Manuscripts and translations

An English translation of the text was published by E. S. Drower in 1963, which was based on manuscript 41 of the Drower Collection (abbreviated DC 41). The manuscript consists of 8 parts. It was copied in 1224 A.H. (1809 or 1810 A.D.). The DC 41 manuscript contains an illustration with Qulasta prayer 79 in scrambled form, and the text also has a scrambled version of Qulasta prayer 82 (which is also quoted in the Book 4 of the Right Ginza).
BL Add. 23,602B, Kholasta sive liturgica Sabiorum Libri Joannis Fragmenta Mendaice is a book of fragments that was probably obtained by Colonel John George Taylor. It contains fragments of Maṣbuta ḏ-Hibil Ziua and Alma Rišaia Rba.
Manuscripts of Alma Rišaia Rba held in the Rbai Rafid Collection are RRC 2P and RRC 3D. There are two additional manuscripts that are privately held by Mandaeans in Australia. One of the manuscripts was copied at Suq eš-Šuyūḵ in 1244 A.H. (1828–1829 A.D.), and another manuscript was copied at Qalˤat Ṣāleḥ in 1343 A.H. (1924–1925 A.D.).

## Illustrations

DC 41 contains illustrations of various heavenly trees, which are named Haneil, Marmag, Mašqeil, Nahreil, Nahureil, Rahimeil (depicted twice), Samkieil, and Tarwan.

## Prayer sequence

In Alma Rišaia Rba, the prescribed sequence of Qulasta prayers (numbered below according to Drower's 1959 Canonical Prayerbook) to be recited is as follows.
* 1, 3, 5, 19
* 7
* 33–34
* 75–77
* 9, 35
* 34
* 45–70
* 29
* 71–72
* 91
* 32–34
* 75–77
* 9, 35
* 44–49
* 3
* 50–64, 66–69
* 91–99
* 71
* 100
* 71–72
* 101–103
* 63
* 108
* 3
* 35
* 9
* 58
* 65
* 71
* 170
* 36
* 59–60
* 72
* 80
* 2, 4
* 1, 3, 5, 19
* 32–34
* 75–77
* 9
* 35–70
* 91
* 96
* 79–80
* 33
* 81
* 34
* 1
* 75–77
* 9
* 35–36
* 44–69
* 91–99
* 70
* 102
* 71–72
* 80
* 101–102
* 63
* 58 (?)
* 3
* 35
* 58 (?)
* 65 (?)
* 76
* 170
* 80 (?)
* 178