OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Fara, Safad

Fara (Arabic: فارة) was a Palestinian Arab village in the Safad Subdistrict. It was depopulated during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War on October 30, 1948, under Operation Hiram. It was located 11.5 km north of Safad on the Wadi al-Fara.

## History

According to the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) this place seems to be the most probable site of Caphar Farara (or Farawa), where was the tomb of R. Nahum of Gimzo, as mentioned in the various Jewish itineraries from 1210 to 1664 CE.

### Ottoman era

During the early Ottoman era in 1596, Fara was part of the nahiyah ("subdistrict") of Jira, part of the Liwa ("district") of Safad. It had a population of 40 households and 11 bachelors; an estimated 281 persons, all Muslim. They paid a fixed tax rate of 25% on agricultural products, including wheat, barley, olive trees, vineyards, goats and beehives, in addition to occasional revenues and a press for olive oil or grape syrup; a total of 3,832 akçe. Half of the revenues went to a waqf.
In 1838 Farah was noted as a village in the Safad district, while in 1881 the SWP described Farah as having "Mud and basalt houses, containing about 100 Moslems. It is situated on a plain, cultivated as arable land. Water from Wady Far'ah and from cisterns and birket." The villagers cultivated olive and fig trees and vineyards.
A population list from about 1887 showed Farah to have an estimated 385 Muslim inhabitants.

### British Mandate era

In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, "Fara" had a population of 218, all Muslims except 1 Christian, increasing slightly in the 1931 census to 229, all Muslims, in a total of 42 houses.
In the 1944/5 statistics it had a population of 320 Muslims, with a total of 7,229 dunums of land. Of this, 3,738 were used for cereal, 173 were irrigated or used for orchards, while 38 dunams were classified as built-up (urban), land.

### 1948, aftermath

In 1992 the village site was described: "One stone building (probably a mosque) stands on the site, as well as several stone terraces. On the whole, however, the site is overgrown with grass and fig trees. Less than 1 km north of it lies the settlement of Yir'on. A portion of the land around the village is planted with fruit trees, such as apples, but the land along the valley’s slope is deserted and uncultivated."
# Phil Blakeway

Phillip John Blakeway (born 31 December 1950) is a former England international rugby union player who played for Gloucester. Blakeway broke his neck in 1977 but went on to represent his country 19 times. After being part of England's Grand Slam in 1980, the tighthead prop toured South Africa in 1980 with the British Lions but was forced to return home early due to a rib injury sustained in the Five Nations Championship.
# Kaduna South

Kaduna South is a Local Government Area in the Kaduna Metropolis of Kaduna State, Nigeria. Its headquarters is located in Makera. Other wards are Barnawa, Tudun Wada, Tudun Nupawa, Television, Kakuri, Unguwar Muazu, Kabala West, Sabon Gari, Badikko, Unguwar Sanusi and Kurmin Mashi. It has an area of about 46.2 km$^2$. The postal code of the area is 800.

## Boundaries

Kaduna South Local Government Area (LGA) shares boundaries with three Local Government Areas: Kaduna North LGA to the north, Chikun LGA to the south and Igabi LGA to the northwest, respectively.

## Administrative subdivisions

Kaduna South Local Government Area consists of 13 subdivisions (second-order administrative divisions or Wards), namely:
* Badiko
* Barnawa
* Kakuri Gwari
* Kakuri Hausa
* Makera
* Sabon Gari North
* Sabon Gari South
* Television
* Tudun Nupawa
* Tudun Wada North
* Tudun Wada South
* Tudun Wada West
* Unguwan Sanusi

## Demographics

It has an area of about 46.2 km$^2$ and a population of 402,731 as of 2006 census.

### People

The area has a mixed population, comprising Nigerian ethnic groups amongst which include: Adara, Atyap, Bajju, Gbagyi, Ham, Hausa, Idoma, Igala, Igbo, Nupe and Yoruba, amongst others, practicing different religion.

## Geography

With an average temperature of 33 degrees Celsius, Kaduna South Local Government Area has a total size of roughly 59 square kilometers. With an estimated elevation of 650 meters above sea level, the Local Government Area's landscape is primarily flat. The two main seasons in Kaduna South Local Government Area are the dry and the rainy seasons.

## Economic Activities

Trade is a vital feature of the economy of Kaduna south where variety of commodities are bought and sold in there markets: makera, kakuri and kasuwar Barci. The important enterprises engaged in by the people include trading, rearing of animals and craftsmanship.
# Konarak vessel incident

The Konarak vessel incident was a friendly fire incident which occurred in the Gulf of Oman on 10 May 2020, during a naval exercise. An anti-ship missile fired from the Iranian frigate Jamaran hit the support vessel Konarak, killing 19 sailors on board the Konarak, and wounding another 15. The Konarak was heavily damaged and its wreckage towed to Chabahar Port. The incident occurred amongst increasing regional tensions, during the 2019–2021 Persian Gulf crisis.

## Incident

In May 2020, the Islamic Republic of Iran Navy held naval drills in the Gulf of Oman. The Konarak was struck by a Noor missile, an upgraded YJ-83, which was fired from the Jamaran in the Gulf of Oman close to the Strait of Hormuz. Official Iranian TV initially reported one fatality in the incident, but this was later revised to 19 killed and 15 injured. The Konarak was involved as a tender, setting out targets for target practice for missiles from Jamaran. The Konarak reportedly failed to distance itself sufficiently from the target prior to the launch and was struck by a missile. The missile may have automatically locked onto Konarak as the largest target or else been set as the target by human error. After the incident, Konarak was recovered to port to undergo a "technical inspection". Footage published by Iranian state broadcaster IRIB showed the ship down heavily by the bow with its superstructure devastated and smoke visible from fires.

## Reactions

* On 11 May 2020, Mohammad-Ali Abtahi, a former Vice President of Iran, tweeted "Once again there is a lack of transparency in informing the public". He was referring to a similar incident, the downing of Ukraine International Airlines Flight 752, a few months previously.
* On 14 May 2020, the United States Central Command expressed sympathies with Iran over the incident. Spokesman Captain Bill Urban said in a statement, "our sincere condolences to the Iranian people for the tragic loss of life". In further comments, Urban also criticized Iran for setting up military drills so close to the narrow Strait of Hormuz, where one fifth of world oil passes.
* Some experts conclude that with this incident, the stability of the Persian Gulf has come under question. Fabian Hinz of the California-based Middlebury Institute of International Studies, who is an expert on Iran's military, was quoted by The New York Times as saying, "This really showed that the situation with Iran is still dangerous because accidents and miscalculations can happen".
* Referring to two lethal "high-profile" incidents by Iran's military in just a few months, Reed Foster, a senior analyst at Jane's, has said that the incident "damages the credibility" of the Iranian government, under international sanctions, in manipulating sophisticated weapons.
* According to The New York Times, Afshon Ostovar, an Assistant Professor of National Security Affairs at the California Naval Postgraduate School, said the mistake "appears to be beyond sloppy". He went on to say this incident shows the unprofessionalism of the Iranian military.
# 2008 Shanxi mudslide

The 2008 Shanxi mudslide was caused by the collapse of an unlicensed mine landfill in Xiangfen county, Linfen, Shanxi Province, People's Republic of China which caused 277 dead, 4 missing and 33 injured. Around 8:00 a.m. on September 8, 2008, the retaining wall of a waste iron ore reservoir collapsed after torrential rain, causing a major mudslide which inundated a village and crowded marketplace. The unlicensed Tashan Mine was operated by the Tashan Mining Company.

## History

The ore reservoir was built in the 1980s, halfway up a mountain, about 50 meters above an office building, marketplace and some residences. It was built only 100 meters away from the nearest residence. The reservoir was supposedly decommissioned a few years later, but its new owner, Zhang Peiliang, put it back into use when he took over the company in 2005. In 2006, the Tashan Mining Company did not renew its safety production license, and in 2007, the mining license of Zhang also expired.

## Damages and casualties

The entire village of Yunhe was inundated by the mudslide, including an outdoor market crowded with customers. As of September 24, the Chinese state media reported that the death toll was 267, and the number of injuries 34. Only 128 bodies, mostly of locals, have been identified. Some 268,000 cubic meters of mudslide sludge flooded over an area of 30.2 hectares in the disaster, and the mud was up to six meters deep in some parts.
The final official count is: 277 dead, 4 missing and 33 injured.
A worker had said "It's not because of the rain. It wasn't a natural disaster, it was man-made." Up to 500 people may still be buried, according to the Information Centre for Human Rights and Democracy.

## Rescue efforts

5,300 police and rescuers, using more than 110 excavators, were looking for survivors. The rescuers covered about 90% of the mudslide zone so far. In addition, 2,100 medical workers were at the site to provide medical care.

## Aftermath

1,047 people are displaced because of the mudslide. The provincial level government says relatives of the dead will receive 200,000 yuan (US$ 29,215). The Communist Party chief, the head of Taosi township, work safety bureau director, and chief engineer in Xiangfen county were dismissed for neglect of duty. Thirteen mine executives, including Zhang Peiliang, were detained by Chinese authorities, and four other local officials were also dismissed. The State Administration of Work Safety (SAWS) said that an investigation is pending, and that the people responsible will be "punished in line with the relevant laws." Wang Jun, the director of SAWS said, "It is the most grave accident that involves the largest death toll so far this year. The rising accidents disclose local governments' poor supervision on work safety. Those responsible must be dealt with seriously." Meng Xuenong, Governor of Shanxi, resigned a day after the event, on September 14. Wang Jun was subsequently transferred to become Governor of Shanxi.
In September 2010, 58 people, including 34 former government officials, were handed out sentences in relation to the collapse.
# Centre Hills

Centre Hills is a forest reserve on the island of Montserrat, a British Overseas Territory in the Leeward Islands of the Caribbean Sea. It forms one of the territory's Important Bird Areas (IBAs), which encompasses the forest reserve as well as additional habitat for the Montserrat oriole, the territory's endemic, and critically endangered, national bird.

## Description

The 1112 ha IBA comprises the largest remnant of Montserrat's native forest. It encompasses the highlands of the northern half of the island from an elevation of 150 m up to the 741 m summit of Katy Hill. The terrain is steep, largely trackless, and riven by the ‘ghauts’, or ravines, that radiate into the islands's northern lowlands. Rainfall increases with altitude, and the vegetation changes from tropical dry forest at the lower elevations, through tropical evergreen forest to elfin forest at the summit. Most of the forest is secondary or regrowth, following historic land clearance for plantation agriculture, and at a variety of successional stages because of damage from frequent hurricanes. Other IBAs on the island are the Northern Forested Ghauts and South Soufriere Hills. The Centre Hills are one of the two extinct volcanoes (with Silver Hills) that preceded the currently active Soufriere Hills.

### Birds

The IBA was identified as such by BirdLife International because it supports, as well as Montserrat orioles, populations of bridled quail-doves, purple-throated caribs, green-throated caribs, Antillean crested hummingbirds, Caribbean elaenias, scaly-breasted thrashers, pearly-eyed thrashers, brown tremblers, forest thrushes and Lesser Antillean bullfinches.
# Omega Pond Railroad Bridge

The Omega Pond Railroad Bridge is a railroad bridge spanning the western end of Omega Pond in East Providence, Rhode Island. The bridge is a contributing structure to the Phillipsdale Historic District listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
The bridge uses a double-intersection Warren truss design with vertical sub-struts, extending only half the height of the truss panels, that provide additional strength and rigidity. There is a single set of tracks running over the bridge, which was originally built for two tracks, along with a deteriorating wooden walkway. The bridge's masonry abutments are integrated with the adjacent dam, the crest of which is located approximately 16 feet (4.9 m) upstream from the bridge.
The bridge was built in 1918 by the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad to replace a covered bridge built in 1874 by the Providence and Worcester Railroad on its East Providence Branch. It is still used for freight service by the modern incarnation of the Providence and Worcester Railroad.
# True value

Statistical parameter This page is a soft redirect.
# Borneodessus

Borneodessus zetteli is a species of beetles in the family Dytiscidae, the only species in the genus Borneodessus.
# Manfred Ulbricht

Manfred Ulbricht (born 9 September 1947) is a German former cyclist. He competed in the team pursuit at the 1968 Summer Olympics.
# Shabnam Mausi

Shabnam "Mausi" Bano (शबनम मौसी) ("Mausi" noun. Hindi - "Aunty") is an Indian politician and hijra activist. She became the first transgender person to be elected to public office in India, as a Member of the Legislative Assembly. She was an elected member of the Madhya Pradesh State Legislative Assembly from 1998 to 2003. (Hijras were granted voting rights in 1994 in India.)

## Early life

She was born visibly intersex and was given a masculine name. Her father, a police superintendent of the Brahmin caste, gave her away shortly after she was born to protect his own social image.
She attended only two years of primary schooling but learned 12 languages during her travels. She is a trained classical dancer, and has played bit roles in films.

## Political career

Shabnam Mausi was elected from the Sohagpur Assembly constituency in Madhya Pradesh state's Shahdol-Anuppur district. As a member of the Legislative Assembly, her agenda included fighting corruption, unemployment, poverty, and hunger, as well as speaking out against discrimination against transgender people, hijras, eunuchs, cross-dressers and raising awareness about HIV/AIDS.

### Activism

Shabnam Mausi inspired many transgender people in India to take up politics and participate in 'mainstream activities' in India, giving up their traditional roles as dancers, prostitutes, and beggars, living on the fringes of Indian society; for example they sometimes attend weddings or the house of a newborn child offering services to ward off bad luck.

### Jeeti Jitayi Politics (JJP)

In 2003, hijras in Madhya Pradesh established their own political party called "Jeeti Jitayi Politics" (JJP), which literally means 'politics that has already been won'. The party released an eight-page manifesto to outline its political differences from the mainstream.

## Popular culture

In 2005, a fiction feature film titled Shabnam Mausi was made about her life. It was directed by Yogesh Bharadwaj, and the role of Shabnam Mausi was played by Ashutosh Rana.
Although she is no longer in public office, Shabnam Mausi continues to participate actively in AIDS/HIV education with NGOs and gender activists in India.
   "We brothers and sisters often face stigma and discrimination because of our sexual orientation and gender identity. Talking openly about AIDS helps us understand each other!" - Shabnam Mausi
# Nakalele Point

Nakalele Point is a land mass on the eastern edge of the northern tip of the island of Maui in the state of Hawaiʻi. In Hawaiian, Nakalele or Nā-kālele means "the leaning". The Point is known for its blowhole and has become notable for its dangerous conditions when waves crash in. The point and blowhole are located just east of Poelua Bay.

## Blowhole

Nakalele Point is famous for a blowhole which produces powerful geyser-like water spouts with the waves and tides. Water spewed from the blowhole can rise as high as 100 feet in the air. Visitors to the site should never stand between the blowhole and the ocean, and visitors should never turn their backs on the ocean as rogue waves could cause injury at any time. Only one person is confirmed to have been sucked into the blowhole and died.
Here is area video of the area showing hikers visiting the blowhole, and the size of the geyser.

## Lighthouse

A lighthouse was erected around 1908 at Nakalele Point. It originally consisted of a 40 feet (12 m) high wooden mast on top of which a temporary light was placed. By 1910, an actual dwelling was built with boxlike platform on its roof for a fixed white light. In 1922, the light was automated so that it would flash. The lighthouse is currently owned by the United States Coast Guard.
# Federico Grüben

Federico Grüben (1899–1978) was an Argentine Olympic shooter. He competed in the 50 m pistol event at the 1948 Summer Olympics.
# Zhisheng

Zhìshēng (Chinese: 智昇) was a Chinese Buddhist monk and bibliographer from the Tang dynasty. Little is known about his life, but it is known that he became a monk early in his life and studied Mahayana and Theravada doctrines, and was particularly knowledgeable on the Vinaya. He is best known for his Catalogue of Śākyamuṇi’s Teachings of the Kaiyuan Era of the Great Tang Era (Chinese: 大唐開元釋教錄; pinyin: Dà Táng Kāiyuán Shìjiào Lù) or simply the Kaiyuan Catalogue (T2154) completed in 730 CE. This was significant because the organisation of it formed the basic structure of the Chinese Buddhist Tripiṭaka. "It is generally considered the single most important bibliographical catalogue in terms of the role it played in the history of East Asia Buddhist Canonical publications".
It is likely that Zhisheng's catalogue proved decisive because it was used to reconstruct the Canon after the persecutions of 845 CE; however, it was also considered a "perfect synthesis of the entire four-hundred-year development of a proper Chinese form of the Canon."
# 17th Venice Architecture Biennale

The 17th International Architecture Exhibition of the Venice Architecture Biennale was an upcoming international architecture exhibition. The Biennale takes place biennially in Venice, Italy. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the exhibition took place in 2021 instead of 2020.

## Background

The 17th Exhibition will run between May 22 and November 21, 2021, with two pre-opening days. In light of several festival postponements in northern Italy due to the COVID-19 pandemic, there had been speculation about delaying the exhibition, and while it was originally announced as opening in May, amid increased international precautions over the following weeks, the exhibition's opening was initially postponed to August, halving the exhibition's run, before being rescheduled to the following year

## Central exhibition

Curated by Hashim Sarkis, the exhibition's theme is "How will we live together?" From 46 participating countries, 114 participants will present work at the Giardini's Central Pavilion, the Arsenale, Forte Marghera, and the external spaces around those areas. National participants were asked to focus on "the need for more inclusive social housing and urban connectivity."

## National pavilions

The exhibition will include 63 national pavilions in the Giardini and across the city.
The 17th exhibition marked the first participation from Grenada, Iraq, and Uzbekistan.

### Iraq

The first-ever participation by Iraq was an exhibition called Ark re-imagined: The expeditionary pavilion by Rashad Salim, curated by Safina Projects, produced by Community Jameel and Culturunners, and commissioned by the Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Antiquities. The pavilion was hosted by TBA21–Academy at the Ocean Space in the church of San Lorenzo.
The pavilion examined the role of traditional Marsh Arab watercraft from the Mesopotamian Marshes in southern Iraq, their relationship to gondolas and the Venetian lagoon, and human responses to climate change. The pavilion was selected by The Art Newspaper, Architectural Digest and ArchDaily in their reviews of pavilions to-see, and received extensiove coverage in Arab media, including Arab News, The National and Gulf Today.

## Awards

The exhibition's awards will be presented at its inauguration.
# Bokusui Wakayama

Bokusui Wakayama (若山 牧水, Wakayama Bokusui, August 24, 1885 – September 17, 1928) was the pen-name of Shigeru Wakayama (若山 繁, Wakayama Shigeru), a Japanese author noted for his poetry in pre-World War II Japan.

## Life

Wakayama was born in Togo, Miyazaki, (now part of the city of Hyūga) as the eldest son of a doctor. He became interested in poetry from middle school, taking the name of "Bokusui" from the age of 18. He entered Waseda University in 1904, where one of his classmates was Hakushu Kitahara. After graduation, he was hired by the Chuo Shimbun newspaper in 1909, but quit after only five months.
He decided to devote himself to poetry, and became a disciple of Saishū Onoe. He traveled all over Japan and Korea, composing many tanka about the places he visited. He settled in Numazu, Shizuoka in 1920. He also loved sake, and heavy drinking eventually resulted in cirrhosis of the liver. He died in 1928.
Before he died he wrote a death haiku that reads:

## Works
### Poetry books

* Umi no Koe (海の声) (published July 1908)
* Hitori Uta e Ru (独り歌へる) (published January 1910)
* Betsuri (別離) (published April 1910)
* Rojō (路上) (published September 1911)
* Shi ka Gejutsu ka (死か芸術か) (published September 1912)
* Minakami (みなかみ) (published September 1913)
* Shūfū no Uta (秋風の歌) (published April 1914)
* Sakyū (砂丘) (published October 1915)
* Asa no Uta (朝の歌) (published June 1916)
* Shiraumeshū (白梅集) (published August 1917)
* Sabishiki Jumoku (さびしき樹木) (published July 1918)
* Keikokushū (渓谷集) (published May 1918)
* Kuro Tsuchi (くろ土) (published March 1921)
* Yamazakura no Uta (山桜の歌) (published May 1923)
* Kuromatsu (黒松) (published September 1938)