OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Baishya Saha

Baishya Saha (Bengali: বৈশ্য সাহা) or Saha, is a Bengali Hindu trading caste traditionally known to have the occupation of grocers, shopkeepers, dealers, moneylenders, and farmers.

## Origin

Śauṇḍik (vintner) finds mention in one image inscription of Pāla period along with some other occupational groups. The Upapuranas played a significant role in creating the caste origin and hierarchy in Bengal. The name Śauṇḍik (Madhyamsamkar, lit. middle mixed) is found in 13th-century work Brihaddharma Purana. According to Hitesranjan Sanyal, Saha is a dissident group of Śauṇḍik or Shunri.

## History

According to historian Jyotirmoyee Sarma, before the seventh or the eighth centuries A.D. when historical evidence indicates that the society was based largely on trade and commerce, the merchant classes had a notably high position in society. The low rank experienced by the trading communities including Shunri (winemakers and sellers), possibly indicates that the primary economic activities of the Bengali society shifted from trade and capital producing devices to cottage industries and agriculture. The caste ranks of the merchant classes became more and more lowered and reached a decidedly low stage at the beginning of the Sena and Varman periods.
Saha as a distinct sub-caste did not flourish in Bengal before the mid-nineteenth century. Saha is a merchant caste, which has a low ritual rank, but notably good literacy and secular rank.
Sahas were included in the list of 177 "backward classes" for the state of West Bengal by Mandal Commission, but the state government hasn't yet recognised Saha as such, and they still belong to General category.

## Varna status

Traditionally the Bengal society is divided into two varnas, Brahmin and Shudra. The Sahas belong to the Jal-achal Shudra category, whose water was not accepted by the upper castes. Sahas started to claim Vaishya status in the 1931 censuses report, but the evidence of history, literature, and scriptures suggest nothing in favour of their claim.
# Dipper Novices' Chase

The Dipper Novices' Chase was a Grade 2 National Hunt chase in Great Britain which was run annually from 1980 until 2023. In April of the latter year, the British Horseracing Authority announced the removal of the Dipper from the programme from the 2023/24 season onwards.
The race was open to novice chasers aged five years or older.
Before 2005 the event was usually run at Newcastle in mid January. Its distance at this venue was 2 miles and 4 furlongs (4,023 metres), and there were sixteen fences to jump. Prior to the 1990–91 season it took place in November.
After 2005, it was scheduled to take place each year on New Year's Day on the New Course at Cheltenham over a distance of about 2 miles and 4½ furlongs (2 miles 4 furlongs and 127 yards or 4,175 metres), and during its running there were seventeen fences to be jumped.

## Winners

* ↑ The race was abandoned twice in 2003 – firstly at Newcastle (waterlogging), and then at Haydock Park (frost)
* ↑ The 2004 running at Newcastle was cancelled because of frost
* ↑ The 2013 running was abandoned because of waterlogging
* ↑ The 2021 race took place at Wincanton after the original Cheltenham fixture was abandoned due to waterlogging
# 2015 Lefkada earthquake

The 2015 Lefkada earthquake occurred on November 17, 2015, 10:40:07 (EEST) with a moment magnitude of 6.5 located 19 km Southwest of the Greek island of Lefkada along with a depth of 11 km and intensities reaching as high as VIII (Severe) on the Modified Mercalli Scale. Two people lost their lives in the event and 4–8 others were hospitalized with injuries.

## Earthquake

The earthquake struck west of Lefkada island with initial magnitudes of between 6.3 and 6.7 however it was later settled to 6.5 according to the United States Geological Survey. The earthquake was generated by a strike-slip rupture on the Cephalonia-Lefkada Transform Fault, which also produced earthquakes in 2003 and 1973. The Hellenic arc is known for its frequent seismological activity and generating historically large quakes in all of Southeastern Europe. Lefkada is located at the boundary between two geological zones, the Ionian and Paxos. This boundary runs through the western outcrops onshore the island, forming the noteworthy Ionian Thrust.

## Damage
### Lefkada and other Ionian Islands

Most damage was observed in western Lefkada as well ground cracks, slope movements and liquefaction found in the area. Primary effects directly linked to surface expression of the seismological source were not detected in the field. A maximum intensity of VIII was assigned areas where to large-volume slope movements occurred, along the western Lefkas coast. Intensity VIII were also assigned to the villages located in Dragano and Athani due to very heavy structural damage observed on masonry buildings, churches and other weak infrastructure mainly attributed to the combination of the recorded high PGA values, the poor anti-seismic design and construction of buildings and the geological and tectonic structure of the affected area. Damage to buildings was mainly observed in these villages arranged almost parallel to the northern segment of the Cephalonia-Lefkada Transform fault. Among not earthquake proof structures, stone masonry buildings and monumental structures suffered most damage, while the traditional buildings of the area with dual structural system and with wooden frames performed relatively well and suffered minor damage. Reinforced concrete buildings were affected not so much by the earthquake itself but was worsened with ground liquefaction. Part of a harbor in Vasiliki was said to have sunk and Schools in both Lefkada and Cephalonia were forced to shut down.

### Egremni Beach

A flank of the well-known pristine Egremni Beach collapsed following the massive tremor. Fortunately, the event happened on the winter months thus meaning no people were harmed. Before the earthquake occurred a cliff in the beach has been known to have been in a state of decline due to the climatic forcing resulting from previous minor seismicity and erosion.

## Casualties

A 69-year-old woman died when a boulder from a loose mountain had hit her house. And an 82-year-old woman also died when a wall collapsed onto her. An estimated 4-8 people were hospitalized with further injuries.
# You Lie

You Lie may refer to:
* "You Lie" (Cee Cee Chapman song), from the album Twist of Fate; also recorded by Reba McEntire from the album Rumor Has It
* "You Lie" (The Band Perry song), from the album The Band Perry
* "You lie!", an outburst by U.S. politician Joe Wilson
# Institute for Slavic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences

The Institute for Slavic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Russian: Институт славяноведения РАН) is an integral part of the Historical and Philological Studies Department of the Russian Academy of Sciences. It is focused on comprehensive studies of Slavic history, culture, literature, and languages.

## History

The Institute was founded in 1947 as the Institute for Slavic and Balcan Studies of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Since 1997, the Institute has its current name. Amongst the researchers of the Institute were Academicians of the RAS: Yulian Bromley, Nikolay Derzhavin, Boris Grekov, Gennady Litavrin, Dmitry Markov, Leonid Milov, Sergey Obnorsky, Vladimir Picheta, Yury Pisarev, Mikhail Tikhomirov, Nikita Tolstoy, Vladimir Toporov, and Oleg Trubachyov; Corresponding Members of the RAS: Tatiana Nikolaeva, Petr Tretyakov, Zinaida Udaltsova, and Vladimir Volkov. Currently, there are Academicians of the RAS: Vladimir Dybo, Vyacheslav Ivanov, and Andrey A. Zaliznyak; Foreign Member of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts Anatolij A. Turilov; and Corresponding Members of the RAS: Aleksey Gippius and Boris Floria.

## Academic journals, yearbooks, and periodicals

The Institute for Slavic Studies publishes academic journals and periodicals:
Slavianovedenie
Slavianovedenie (Russian: Славяноведение, ISSN 0132-1366) is an academic journal published six times a year since 1965 (before 1992, Sovetskoe Slavianovedenie). Issues of the journal since 1965 till 2009 are available free on the website of the Institute.
Slověne
Slověne = Словѣне. International Journal of Slavic Studies (pISSN 2304-0785, eISSN 2305-6754) is a biannual peer-reviewed open-access academic journal since 2012.
Slavic Almanac (Russian: Славянский альманах, ISSN 2073-5731) is published since 1997.
Slavic World in the Third Millennium (Russian: Славянский мир в третьем тысячелетии) is a yearbook published since 2006.
Archaeographic Yearbook (Russian: Археографический ежегодник) has been published since 1957 by the Archaeographic Commission.

## Other yearbooks and periodicals

* The Slavic Linguistic Atlas (Russian: Общеславянский лингвистический атлас)
* Khazarian Almanac (Russian: Хазарский альманах)
* The Library of the Institute for Slavic Studies (Russian: Библиотека Института славяноведения РАН)
* Belarus and Ukraine: History and Culture (Russian: Белоруссия и Украина: история и культура)
* Studies in Slavic Dialectology (Russian: Исследования по славянской диалектологии)
# Vanina (given name)

Vanina is a feminine given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Vanina Correa (born 1983), Argentine footballer
* Vanina García Sokol (born 1983), Argentine tennis player
* Vanina Ickx (born 1975), Belgian race car driver
* Vanina Oneto (born 1973), Argentine field hockey player
* Vanina Paoletti (born 1997), French canoeist
* Vanina Ruhlmann-Kleider (born 1961), French physicist
* Vanina Sánchez (born 1979), Argentine taekwondo competitor
Fictional characters with the name include:
* Vanina, the main character of 1922 German silent film Vanina
* Vanina Vanini, the main character of 1829 Stendhal short story Vanina Vanini
# Dehu

Dehu is a Town in the city of Pune, India. It is known for being the abode of Sant Tukaram.
The Tukaram Palakhi heading towards the town of Pandharpur originates from Dehu in the month of Ashadh.

## Demographics

As of 2011 India census, Dehu had a population of 50,308 of which 27,669 are males while 22,638 are females. Dehu has an average literacy rate of 88.64%, higher than the national average of 74.04%: male literacy is 92.79% and, female literacy is 84.22%. In Dehu, 10.76% of the population is under 6 years of age. Kalokhe (Patil), More (Inamdar), Chavan (Patil), Hagavne are famous and old surnames in Dehu.

## Sant Tukaram

Sant Tukaram lived in Dehu. His temple is located on the banks of the Indrayani river. This temple was constructed by his younger son Narayanbaba in 1723. A rock (pashan, samadhi) where Saint Tukaram was on fast is also here.
Important Places associated with Tukaram in Dehu are:
* Tukaram Maharaj Janm Sthan Temple, Dehu – place where Tukaramji was born, around which a temple was built later
* Saint Tukaram Vaikunthstan Temple, Dehu – from where Tukaramji ascended to Vaikunth in his mortal form; there is a nice ghat behind this temple along the Indrayani river
* Saint Tukaram Maharaj Gatha Mandir, Dehu – modern structure; massive building housing a big statue of Tukaram; In the Gatha temple, about 4,000 abhangs (verses) created by Tukaram maharaj were carved on the walls.

### Indrayani River

Indrayani river flows through Dehu which later flows through Alandi. The place where Lord Vitthal gave blessings to Saint Tukaram, which is now the main temple in Dehu consisting of 'Swayambhu' (self-existing) idols of Lord Vitthal and goddess Rakhumai is situated on the banks of river Indrayani. The region of Dehu is known as a 'Sri Kshetra' as it holds the self existing idols of Lord Vishnu and Lakshmi in the form of Vitthal and Rukhmini respectively.
# List of exoplanets detected by timing

This is the list of 20 extrasolar planets that were detected by timing –– 8 by pulsar timing and 12 by variable star timing, sorted by orbital periods. It works by detecting the changes in radio emissions from pulsars caused by the gravity of orbiting planets. Same thing works for variable stars, not by radio but light.

## Planets

The most massive planet detected by timing is HW Virginis b, which masses 19.2 M$_J$; the least massive planet is PSR B1257+12 b, which masses 0.00007 M$_J$ or 0.022 M$_🜨$. The longest period of any planets detected by timing is PSR B1620-26 b, which is 36525 days or 100 years; the shortest period is SDSS J1228+1040 b, which is 0.0857 days.
There are 9 members of multi-planet systems, including three orbiting around PSR B1257+12.

## List

Yellow rows donate the members of multi-planet systems. Source: :
| Planet | Mass (M$_J$) | Radius (R$_J$) | Period (d) | Semi-major axis (AU) | Eccentricity | Inclination (°) | Year of discovery |
| XTE J1807-294 b | 14.5 | | 0.0278292 | 0.0020575 | | | 2005 |
| PSR J0636+5129 b | 8 | | 0.067 | 0.18455 | | | 2016 |
| SDSS J1228+1040 b | | 0.0009 | 0.0857 | 0.0034 | | | 2019 |
| PSR J1719-1438 b | ~ 1 | ~ 0.4 | 0.090706293 | 0.004 | < 0.06 | | 2011 |
| PSR J2241-5236 b | 12 | | 0.1456722395 | 0.005989 | 0 | | 2011 |
| PSR J2322-2650 b | 0.7949 | | 0.322963997 | 0.0102 | | | 2017 |
| Draugr | 0.00007 | | 25.262 | 0.19 | 0 | ~50 | 1994 |
| Kepler-451d | 1.76 | | 43 | 0.2 | 0 | | 2022 |
| Poltergeist | 0.013 | | 66.5419 | 0.36 | 0.0186 | 53 | 1992 |
| Phobetor | 0.012 | | 98.2114 | 0.46 | 0.0252 | 47 | 1992 |
| Kepler-47d | 0.05984 | 0.6281 | 187.35 | 0.6992 | 0.024 | 90 | 2013 |
| TIC 172900988 b | 2.84 | 0.9874 | 188.763 | 0.867 | 0.089 | | 2021 |
| Kepler-451b | 1.86 | | 406 | 0.9 | 0.33 | | 2015 |
| PSR B0943+10 b | 2.8 | | 730 | 1.8 | | | 2014 |
| V391 Pegasi b | 3.2 | | 1170 | 1.7 | 0 | | 2007 |
| DW Lyncis b | 5.58 | | 1450 | 1.148 | | | 2013 |
| PSR B0943+10 c | 2.6 | | 1460 | 2.9 | | | 2014 |
| Kepler-451c | 1.61 | | 1800 | 2.1 | 0.29 | | 2022 |
| UZ Fornacis c | 7.7 | | 1900 | 2.8 | 0.05 | | 2011 |
| HU Aquarii b | 5.4 | | 2359 | 3.45 | 0.075 | | 2009 |
| NN Serpentis d | 2.28 | | 2830 | 3.39 | 0.2 | | 2009 |
| NY Virginis b | 2.3 | | 2900 | 3.39 | | | 2011 |
| OGLE-GD-ECL-11388 b | 12.5 | | 3250 | 3.642 | | | 2016 |
| NSVS 14256825 d | 13.24 | | 3317.7 | 3.12 | 0.12 | | 2017 |
| FL Lyrae b | 9 | | 4400 | 6.835 | | | 2015 |
| V470 Camelopardalis b | 11.8 | | 4847 | 4.71 | | | 2020 |
| RR Caeli b | 4.2 | | 5479 | 5.3 | 0 | | 2012 |
| HU Aquarii c | 5.9 | | 5646 | 6.18 | 0.29 | | 2011 |
| NN Serpentis c | 6.91 | | 5660 | 5.38 | 0 | | 2010 |
| KIC 10544976 b | 13.4 | | 6136 | 6.56 | 0.29 | | 2019 |
| OY Carinae b | 8.48 | | 6394 | 6.18 | | | 2014 |
| HW Virginis b | 39 | 1 | 9750 | 4.69 | 0.41 | | 2008 |
| NY Virginis c | 4.49 | | 9861.75 | 7.54 | | | 2011 |
| PSR B0329+54 b | 0.0062 | | 10139.34 | 10.26 | 0.236 | | 2017 |
| DP Leonis b | 6.05 | | 10230 | 8.19 | 0.39 | | 2009 |
| SW Sextantis b | 14 | | 13357 | | | | 2019 |
| HW Virginis c | 40 | 2 | 17000 | 12.8 | 0.47 | | 2008 |
| PSR B1620-26 b | 2.5 | | ~36525 | ~23 | | | 1993 |
# Jwalamalini

Jwalamalini (Sanskrit: ज्वालामालिनी,Kannada: ಜ್ವಾಲಾಮಾಲಿನೀ, Jvālāmālinī) is the yakshini (guardian goddess) of the eighth tirthankara Chandraprabhu in Jainism and was one of the most widely invoked yakshinis in Karnataka during the early medieval period.

## Etymology and origin

Jvālā refers to the glow of fire, mālinī implies one of bears the garlands (of).
A well known historical text Jwalamalini Kalpa was composed by Jain Acharya Indranandi in 939 AD in Manyakheta during the rule of Rashtrakuta Krishnaraj. It is said to be inspired by an older text by the monk Helacharya, who had vanquished a Brahma Rakshasa by invoking Jwalamalini.
Jain literature describe Jwalamalini as Vahni Devī or the fire goddess. Her iconic forms depict her with flames issuing forth from her head. She is also described as adorned with rising flames of fire.
Jwalamalini also appears in various Hindu Puranas, the Vayu Purana associates her with the god Shiva; the Brahmanda Purana and the Matsya Purana associate her with Shakti.

## Worship

As per the Jvālini Kalpa, a cult in the honour of Jwalamalini was started by Helacharya, a Jain Tantric teacher of the Dravida gana monastic order. The goddess is said to have Helacharya to systematize the occult rites sacred to her. Inscriptions also record that exorcising rites were performed in her honour.
A prominent temple of the goddess is Jwalamalini temple, Narsimharajapur in Chikmagalur district in Indian state of Karnataka
The place where Helacharya propounded his system is described as Malaya Hemagrama in the south identifiable with Maleyur in the Chamrajnagar Taluk of the Mysore district in Karnataka. As described in an inscription dated 909 CE this place is holy to the Jain disciples. The inscription also registers a grant in the favor of a Jain temple.
Nittur, Thumkur district also hosts an ancient Jwalamalini temple.
Ponnur Malai Jain temple in the state of Tamil Nadu is also associated with the worship of Jwalamalini.
# Dębina, Gostyń County

Dębina is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Krobia, within Gostyń County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.
# 2019 Mandaluyong local elections

Local elections in Mandaluyong were held on May 13, 2019, within the Philippine general election. The voters elected for the elective local posts in the city: the mayor, vice mayor, one Congressman, and the councilors, six in each of the city's two legislative districts.

## Background

Then-mayor Carmelita Abalos was elected in 2016 and sought for reelection. Independent candidate Florencio Solomon challenged Abalos for the top post.

## Results

Abalos easily won re-election as mayor with 128,661 votes against her opponent's 8,589 votes. Her running mate Suva won re-election as vice-mayor with 111,922 votes against his opponent's 18,981 votes.

### Mayoral election

Mandaluyong mayoral election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | PDP–Laban | Carmelita Abalos | 128,661 | 94.00 |
| | Independent | Florencio Solomon | 8,589 | 6.00 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 137,250 | 100.00 |
| | PDP–Laban hold | PDP–Laban hold | PDP–Laban hold | PDP–Laban hold |

### Vice Mayoral election

Mandaluyong vice mayoral election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | PDP–Laban | Anthony Suva | 111,922 | 85.00 |
| | PFP | Boy de Quinto | 18,981 | 15.00 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 130,903 | 100.00 |
| | PDP–Laban hold | PDP–Laban hold | PDP–Laban hold | PDP–Laban hold |

### Congressional election

2019 Philippine House of Representatives election in Mandaluyong's Lone District :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | PDP–Laban | Boyet Gonzales | 127,268 | 100.00 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 127,268 | 100.00 |
| | PDP–Laban hold | PDP–Laban hold | PDP–Laban hold | PDP–Laban hold |

### Council elections
#### 1st District

Mandaluyong Council election - 1st District :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | PDP–Laban | Charisse Abalos | 73,915 | 18.00 |
| | PDP–Laban | Elton Yap | 58,272 | 14.00 |
| | Aksyon | Danny de Guzman | 54,690 | 13.00 |
| | Independent | Grace Antonio | 54,221 | 13.00 |
| | PDP–Laban | Kuyog Posadas | 54,057 | 13.00 |
| | PDP–Laban | Junis Alim | 44,525 | 11.00 |
| | PDP–Laban | Edmond Espiritu | 43,109 | 10.00 |
| | Independent | Adonis Bacarra | 11,063 | 3.00 |
| | Aksyon | Adel Inocentes | 8,441 | 2.00 |
| | Independent | Manuel Ballelos Jr. | 5,884 | 1.00 |
| | Independent | William Belaro | 5,219 | 1.00 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 413,396 | 100.00 |

#### 2nd District

Mandaluyong Council election - 2nd District :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | PDP–Laban | Benjie Abalos | 44,635 | 16.00 |
| | PDP–Laban | Che-Che Pablo-Santos | 42,035 | 16.00 |
| | PDP–Laban | Boyett Bacar | 40,653 | 15.00 |
| | PDP–Laban | Jesse Cruz | 40,288 | 15.00 |
| | PDP–Laban | Dong Ocampo | 40,172 | 15.00 |
| | PDP–Laban | Botong Cuejilo | 29,089 | 11.00 |
| | PFP | Kaed Geronimo | 10,459 | 4.00 |
| | Aksyon | Oca Cadag | 9,801 | 4.00 |
| | PFP | Toto Alcibar | 5,901 | 2.00 |
| | PFP | Liberty Carlos | 5,353 | 2.00 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 268,386 | 100.00 |
# Bullenbung, New South Wales

Bullenbung is a rural locality in the central east part of the Riverina. By road it is about 19 kilometres north east of Lockhart and 21 kilometres south east of Collingullie.
Bullenbung Post Office, shown in Post Office history as Bullenbong, opened on 1 November 1888 and closed in 1903.
# Burton's Biscuit Company

Burton's Biscuit Company is a British biscuit manufacturer. It is recognised in the United Kingdom as the second-biggest supplier of biscuits. The company was formed by the merger of Burton's Gold Medal Biscuits and Horizon Biscuit Company in October 2000. It re-branded from Burton's Foods to Burton's Biscuit Company in November 2011. It employs over 2,200 people around the UK, in three main manufacturing facilities, Llantarnam, Edinburgh and Blackpool, a chocolate refinery in Moreton, and a central distribution hub in Liverpool. Its head office is in St Albans.
Burton's is the UK's number two biscuit maker and many of its products are sold globally.

## History

The first Burton's biscuits were baked by George Burton (born 1829, Leek, Staffordshire), who began production on Corporation Street, Blackpool, Lancashire. The Burton's Biscuits firm was founded by George's grandson, Joseph Burton, in 1935. It had a factory in Slough, Berkshire, until the early 1980s, manufacturing potato crisps and snacks, including Potato Puffs and Fish 'n' Chips savoury snacks. In 2014, Burton's re-launched their Fish 'n' Chips snacks due to popular demand.
In 2000, the business was sold by Associated British Foods to Hicks Muse Tate & Furst. On 18 March 2007, Burton's was acquired by Duke Street Capital. In September 2009, Burton's came under the new ownership of Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce and Apollo Global Management, with a minority stake held by Duke Street.
In 2013, the company was put up for sale, with an asking price around £350m. In November of that year, it was announced that the company had been bought by the Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan.
In 2016, Burton's sold its licence to make Cadbury-branded biscuits to Mondelēz International (the owners of Cadbury), although they are still made in Burton's factories.
In June 2021, it was announced that the company had been bought by the Ferrero SpA.

## Brands

* Jammie Dodgers
* Lyons Biscuits
** Lyons Coconut Delights
** Lyons Cookies
** Lyons Digestive
** Lyons Fig Rolls
** Lyons Jam Teacakes
** Lyons Toffypops
** Viscount
* Maryland Cookies
* Royal Edinburgh
* Wagon Wheels
# Peruvian–Bolivian War

Peruvian–Bolivian War may refer to:
* 1828 Peruvian–Bolivian War, a Peruvian invasion of Bolivia led by Agustín Gamarra in 1828
* Salaverry-Santa Cruz War, an armed conflict that started in 1835 which led to the creation of the Peru–Bolivian Confederation
* War of the Confederation, a military confrontation waged by Chile, along with Peruvian dissidents, and the Argentine Confederation against the Peru–Bolivian Confederation between 1836 and 1839
* Peruvian–Bolivian War of 1841–42, a warlike confrontation between Peru and Bolivia in the years 1841 and 1842