# Qingyuan Manchu Autonomous County

Qingyuan Manchu Autonomous County (simplified Chinese: 清原满族自治县; traditional Chinese: 清原滿族自治縣; pinyin: Qīngyuán Mǎnzú Zìzhìxiàn, Manchu: ᠴᡳᠩᠶᡠᠸᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠ ᠪᡝᠶᡝ ᡩᠠᠰᠠᠩᡤᠠ ᠰᡳᠶᠠᠨ; Möllendorff: cingyuwan manju beye dasangga siyan), or simply Qingyuan County (清原县) is one of the three counties under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Fushun, in the east of Liaoning, China, and is also one of the 11 Manchu autonomous counties and one of 117 autonomous counties nationally. It has a population of about 240,000, covering an area of 3,921 square kilometres (1,514 sq mi).

## Administrative divisions

There are 10 towns and 4 townships in the county.
| Name | Simplified Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin | Manchu | Möllendorff | Administrative division code |
| Towns ||||||
| Qingyuan | 清源镇 | Qīngyuán zhèn | ᠴᡳᠩ ᠶᡠᠸᠠᠨ ᠵᡝᠨ | cing yuwan jen | 210423100 |
| Hongtoushan | 红透山镇 | Hóngtòushān zhèn | ᡥᡡᠩ ᡨᠣᠣ ᡧᠠᠨ ᠵᡝᠨ | hūng too šan jen | 210423101 |
| Caoshi | 草市镇 | Cǎoshì zhèn | ᡮᠣᠣ ᡧᡳ ᠵᡝᠨ | tsʹoo ši jen | 210423103 |
| Ying'emen | 英额门镇) | Yīng'émén zhèn | ᠸᡝᠩᡤᡝ ᠸᠠᠰᡝ ᠵᡝᠨ | wengge wase jen | 210423104 |
| Nankouqian | 南口前镇 | Nánkǒuqián zhèn | ᠵᡠᠯᡝᡵᡤᡳ ᡴᠣᡴᡳ ᠵᡝᠨ | julergi koki jen | 210423105 |
| Nanshancheng | 南山城镇 | Nánshānchéng zhèn | ᠨᠠᠨ ᡧᠠᠨ ᠴᡝᠩ ᠵᡝᠨ | nan šan ceng jen | 210423106 |
| Wandianzi | 湾甸子镇 | Wāndiànzi zhèn | ᠸᠠᠨ ᡩᡳᠶᠠᠨ ᡯᡳ᠌ ᠵᡝᠨ | wan diyan dzi jen | 210423107 |
| Dagujia | 大孤家镇 | Dàgūjiā zhèn | ᡩᠠ ᡤᡠ ᠵᡳᠶᠠ ᠵᡝᠨ | da gu jiya jen | 210423108 |
| Xiajiabao | 夏家堡镇 | Xiàjiābǎo zhèn | ᠰᡳᠶᠠ ᠵᡳᠶᠠ ᡦᡡ ᠵᡝᠨ | siya jiya pū jen | 210423109 |
| Beisanjia | 北三家镇 | Běisānjiā zhèn | ᠪᡝᡳ ᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᡳᠶᠠ ᠵᡝᠨ | bei san jiya jen | 210423110 |
| Townships ||||||
| Tukouzi Township | 土口子乡 | Tǔkǒuzi xiāng | ᡨᠣ᠋ ᡴᡝᠣ ᡯᡳ᠌ ᡤᠠᡧᠠᠨ | to keo dzi gašan | 210423203 |
| Aojiabao Township | 敖家堡乡 | Àojiāpǔ Xiāng | ᡠᠰᡳᡥᠠ ᡦᡠᡯ ᡤᠠᡧᠠᠨ | usiha pudzi gašan | 210423206 |
| Dasuhe Township | 大苏河乡 | Dàsūhé Xiāng | ᡩᠠ ᠰᡠ ᡥᡝ ᡤᠠᡧᠠᠨ | da su he gašan | 210423207 |
| Gounai Township | 枸乃甸乡 | Gǒunǎidiàn Xiāng | ᡤᠣ ᠨᠠᡳ ᡩᡳᠶᠠᠨ ᡤᠠᡧᠠᠨ | go nai diyan gašan | 210423208 |

## Geography and climate

Qingyuan is located in the north of Fushun City. It spans 41°48′−42°29′ N latitude and 124°20′−125°29′ E longitude. Bordering county-level divisions are as follows:
In Liaoning:
* Xinbin Manchu Autonomous County – south
* Fushun County – west
* Tieling County – west
* Xifeng County – north
* Kaiyuan – north
In Jilin:
* Dongfeng County – east
* Meihekou – east
* Liuhe County – east
Qingyuan has a monsoon-influenced humid continental climate (Köppen Dwa), characterised by hot, humid summers and long, cold and windy, but dry winters. The four seasons here are distinctive. Over 60% of the annual rainfall of 774 mm (30.5 in) occurs from June to August alone. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from −14.3 °C (6.3 °F) in January to 23.1 °C (73.6 °F) in July, and the annual mean is 6.2 °C (43.2 °F). In winter, due to the elevation and normally dry climate, diurnal temperature variation regularly exceeds 15 °C (27 °F).
Climate data for Qingyuan, elevation 224 m (735 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–2010) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 6.6 (43.9) | 15.5 (59.9) | 21.0 (69.8) | 30.2 (86.4) | 34.0 (93.2) | 36.7 (98.1) | 37.2 (99.0) | 37.1 (98.8) | 32.0 (89.6) | 29.0 (84.2) | 21.3 (70.3) | 11.5 (52.7) | 37.2 (99.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −5.6 (21.9) | −0.8 (30.6) | 6.4 (43.5) | 16.2 (61.2) | 23.0 (73.4) | 27.0 (80.6) | 29.2 (84.6) | 28.2 (82.8) | 23.5 (74.3) | 15.6 (60.1) | 4.8 (40.6) | −3.8 (25.2) | 13.6 (56.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −14.1 (6.6) | −9.1 (15.6) | −0.6 (30.9) | 8.5 (47.3) | 15.4 (59.7) | 20.4 (68.7) | 23.5 (74.3) | 22.1 (71.8) | 15.7 (60.3) | 7.4 (45.3) | −2.1 (28.2) | −11.3 (11.7) | 6.3 (43.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −20.6 (−5.1) | −15.8 (3.6) | −6.6 (20.1) | 1.5 (34.7) | 8.4 (47.1) | 14.6 (58.3) | 18.9 (66.0) | 17.6 (63.7) | 9.9 (49.8) | 1.2 (34.2) | −7.5 (18.5) | −17.1 (1.2) | 0.4 (32.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −36.3 (−33.3) | −31.2 (−24.2) | −23.1 (−9.6) | −10.3 (13.5) | −2.5 (27.5) | 5.2 (41.4) | 10.4 (50.7) | 5.3 (41.5) | −3.2 (26.2) | −12.2 (10.0) | −25.4 (−13.7) | −31.7 (−25.1) | −36.3 (−33.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 6.0 (0.24) | 11.0 (0.43) | 19.4 (0.76) | 39.7 (1.56) | 61.9 (2.44) | 108.8 (4.28) | 189.2 (7.45) | 190.9 (7.52) | 56.1 (2.21) | 49.9 (1.96) | 26.9 (1.06) | 12.3 (0.48) | 772.1 (30.39) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 5.2 | 4.9 | 6.8 | 8.6 | 11.1 | 14.1 | 14.2 | 13.2 | 8.5 | 8.3 | 8.1 | 6.6 | 109.6 |
| Average snowy days | 9.9 | 7.4 | 7.9 | 2.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.4 | 7.8 | 10 | 47.1 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 70 | 65 | 60 | 54 | 61 | 71 | 79 | 82 | 77 | 70 | 70 | 72 | 69 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 171.4 | 188.1 | 220.0 | 221.2 | 240.8 | 216.9 | 191.4 | 199.1 | 217.0 | 198.9 | 155.5 | 152.3 | 2,372.6 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 58 | 63 | 59 | 55 | 53 | 48 | 42 | 47 | 59 | 59 | 53 | 54 | 54 |
| Source 1: China Meteorological Administration ||||||||||||||
| Source 2: Weather China ||||||||||||||

## Ethnic history

Qingyuan is home to a group of ethnicities. The most predominant one has been the Manchu, whom have existed in Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, and Inner Mongolia for centuries.