OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1954 in archaeology

The year 1954 in archaeology involved some significant events.

## Excavations

* Mixco Viejo, Guatemala Musée d'Homme project under the direction of Henri Lehmann starts (continues through 1967).
* Neolithic-era site of Ashkelon discovered and excavated by French archaeologist Jean Perrot.
* Excavations at Beycesultan by Seton Lloyd of the British Institute of Archaeology in Ankara begin (continue to 1959).
* Excavations at Filitosa, Corsica, begin.
* Excavations at Nagarjunakonda by the Archaeological Survey of India begin (continue to 1960).
* Excavations at Nevasa, Maharashtra, begin (continue to 1956).
* Excavations of the London Mithraeum conducted under the direction of W. F. Grimes.
* Systematic excavations at Niah Caves begin under the direction of the Sarawak Museum.

## Finds

* September 18 - Marble head of Mithras from London Mithraeum unearthed in Walbrook Square by W. F. Grimes's excavation.
* Panlongcheng Erligang culture site in China discovered.
* Khufu ship discovered in Giza pyramid complex by Kamal el-Mallakh.
* Cape Gelidonya shipwreck discovered.

## Miscellaneous

* Sir Mortimer Wheeler is named Television Personality of the Year in the U.K. due to his contributions to Animal, Vegetable, Mineral?

## Publications

* Maurice Beresford - The Lost Villages of England.
* R. Allen Brown - English Medieval Castles.
* Grahame Clark - Excavations at Star Carr, an early Mesolithic site at Seamer near Scarborough, Yorkshire.
* V. E. Nash-Williams - The Roman Frontier in Wales.
* Stuart Piggott - The Neolithic Cultures of the British Isles: a study of the stone-using agricultural communities of Britain in the second millennium B.C.

## Births

* July 1 - William Rathje, American archaeologist and garbologist (d. 2012)
* Barbara Tsakirgis, American classical archaeologist (d. 2019)

## Deaths

* March 6 - Sir John Myres, English archaeologist of Cyprus (b. 1869)
* April 10 - Ludwig Curtius, German Classical archaeologist (b. 1874)
* July 16 - Henri Frankfort, Dutch-born Egyptologist (b. 1897)
* October 5 - Alfred Tozzer, American Mesoamerican archaeologist (b. 1877)
# W.D. Mansfield Memorial Bridge

The W.D. Mansfield Memorial Bridge, commonly known as the Dravosburg Bridge, is a cantilever bridge that carries vehicular traffic across the Monongahela River between McKeesport, Pennsylvania and Dravosburg, Pennsylvania in the United States.
It is a high-level bridge that passes over railyard, industrial sites, and Route 837, to connect Fifth Avenue in McKeesport and Richland Avenue in Dravosburg.

## History

This structure replaced the low-level 1889 Dravosburg–Reynoldton Bridge. The steel from the Wabash Bridge, demolished in 1948, was used in the construction of this bridge.
On September 18, 1951, Buncher Co. of Pittsburgh won the demolition contract via open bidding, with a total of $23,971. The losing bids on the project stretched from $37,000–$93,200. In order to not interfere with boating traffic, the old span's pilings would be required to be removed to a point 19 feet (5.8 m) below the surface of the Monongahela River. Demolition of the 1889 bridge began after the formal opening of the replacement bridge. On December 28, 1951, the final span of the steel structure came down after torches melted the Dravosburg side's girders. A tugboat attached to a barge pulled the structure down into the river on the second attempt.
As built, the Mansfield Bridge carried trolley tracks of Pittsburgh Railways route 56 McKeesport via 2nd Avenue. The trolley line was replaced by a bus on September 5, 1963.
The bridge is named for McKeesport politician William D. Mansfield, who served as an Allegheny County Commissioner and later as a State Senator.
# Igor Artamonov

Igor Georgievich Artamonov (Russian: Игорь Георгиевич Артамонов; born March 14, 1967) is a Russian politician serving as Governor of Lipetsk Oblast since 2 October 2018.

## Biography

Artamonov was trained in the human resources management development program of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration.
He was awarded the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland" II class by presidential decree of Vladimir Putin in 2011. In 2018 he received the Order of Honour.

### Sanctions

He was sanctioned by Canada under the Special Economic Measures Act (S.C. 1992, c. 17) in relation to the Russian invasion of Ukraine for Grave Breach of International Peace and Security, and by the British government in 2022 following the start of the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
# 2014 Nielsen Pro Tennis Championship

The 2014 Nielsen Pro Tennis Championship was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the 23rd edition of the tournament which was part of the 2014 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Winnetka, Illinois, between 30 June and 6 July 2014.

## Singles main-draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| USA | Michael Russell | 94 | 1 |
| USA | Tim Smyczek | 106 | 2 |
| RUS | Evgeny Donskoy | 114 | 3 |
| TUN | Malek Jaziri | 121 | 4 |
| AUS | Sam Groth | 124 | 5 |
| IND | Somdev Devvarman | 125 | 6 |
| USA | Denis Kudla | 136 | 7 |
| LTU | Ričardas Berankis | 139 | 8 |
* $^1$ Rankings are as of June 23, 2014.

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Marcos Giron
* Jared Hiltzik
* Evan King
* Raymond Sarmiento
The following player received entry as a lucky loser into the singles main draw:
* Jeff Dadamo
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Ronnie Schneider
* Mackenzie McDonald
* Dennis Nevolo
* Eric Quigley

## Champions
### Singles

* Denis Kudla def. Farrukh Dustov, 6–2, 6–2

### Doubles

* Thanasi Kokkinakis / Denis Kudla def. Evan King / Raymond Sarmiento, 6–2, 7–6$^{(7–4)}$
# Character limit

A character limit is a limit on the number of characters in a message which is used in SMS messaging and on social media platforms such as Twitter, Mastodon, Bluesky, GNU social, Bilibili, Pixiv, and Jejemon.
Character limits usually lead to messages being shorter and users being forced to shorten messages through the use of abbreviations, emojis and acronyms.
The character limit originated with SMS messages which had a limit of 160 characters. This character limit was invented by Friedhelm Hillebrand in 1984, who determined that it was sufficient for most communications.

## On Twitter

The 160-character limit was adopted by Twitter when the site launched in 2006, 20 characters were reserved for the username, with 140 characters for the tweet. The original limit was seen as an iconic fixture of the platform, encouraging "speed and brevity".
In March 2017, the character limit on Twitter was changed so that media attachments or mentions in replies would not increase the character limit. In November 2017, Twitter increased its character limit from 140 to 280 characters.
In 2023, Twitter boosted the character limit for Twitter Blue subscribers. In February, it was increased to 4000. In April, it was again increased to 10,000, and in June, to 25,000.
# Prince's Own Artillery Corps

The Prince’s Own was one of many Volunteer Companies of the Hawaiian Kingdom.

## History

The Prince’s Own (formerly known as the Prince of Hawai’i’s Own) was established in 1874 in response to the re-establishment of the Hawaiian Military following the ascension of Kalākaua. Originally commanded by David Kalākaua, the Prince’s Own was a substitute to the original Honolulu Rifles after its dissolution. The Corps was meant to be the Hawaiian Armies artillery unit and one of the five military companies that made up the Hawaiian Army.
On April 15, 1878 Curtis P. Iaukea was commissioned to lead the Prince’s own (Company A), serving as its Captain for several years before Captain A. Kaaha (Company A.) and Captain James Harbottle Boyd (Company B.) took command.
After the Bayonet Constitution, the new Reform Government instituted a reorganization of the military companies, combining them into “Battalion 2” (Comprising the former companies) and “Battalion 1” (Honolulu Rifles), officially dissolving the Prince’s own.
# Petar Jokanović

Petar Jokanovic (born 18 August 1990) is a Bosnian handball goalkeeper who plays for Iceland club ÍBV and the Bosnian national team. He started playing handball for local club RK Kotor Varoš in Kotor Varoš, and later played for RK Borac Banja Luka and RK Bosna Sarajevo. He signed for HC Odorheiu Secuiesc in July 2015. After two years in Romania he signed with Red Boys Differdange.

## Honours
### Club

* Handball Championship of Bosnia and Herzegovina:
** Winner: 2014–15,
* Handball Cup of Bosnia and Herzegovina:
** Winner: 2014–15,
# Moosa Zameer

Moosa Zameer (born 17 January 19??) is the incumbent Minister of Finance and Planning and former Minister of Foreign Affairs of Maldives from 2023 to September 2024. Earlier, He served as Minister of Tourism of Maldives from 28 October 2015 to 11 November 2019. He served as the chairman of the Social Council of Maldves for the same duration. Moosa Zameer was also a member of the 17th Majlis from 2009 - 2014.

## Early life and education

Zameer was born at Burunee in Thaa Atoll, Maldives. He graduated from the University of Sunderland with a Bachelor of Business Management and Cardiff Metropolitan University with a Master of Business Administration.

## Career

Zameer was one of the founders of the now defunct People's Alliance (PA) in 2008, which he served as Vice President and represented in events, etc. He joined the Progressive Party of Maldives (PPM) in 2011 which he served as Vice President for and was instrumental in the party's operations. He was an MP of Kinbidhoo in the 17th People's Majlis from 2009 - 2014. He was a member of various committees and was the Minister of Tourism during the tenure of President Yameen from 28 October 2015 - 17 November 2018.
# Drahomanivka

Drahomanivka (Ukrainian: драгоманівка, IPA:) was a proposed reform of the Ukrainian alphabet and orthography, promoted by Mykhailo Drahomanov. This orthography was used in a few publications and in Drahomanov's correspondence, but due to cultural resistance and political persecution it was never able to catch on.
It was a phonemic orthography, developed in Kyiv in the 1870s by a group of cultural activists led by Pavlo Zhytetsky and including Drahomanov, for the compilation of a Ukrainian dictionary. The 1876 Ems Ukaz banned Ukrainian-language publications and public performances in the Russian Empire, so cultural activity was forced to move abroad before this reform had a chance to be published.
Zhytetsky named this alphabet the Hertsehovynka, after the influence of the recent Serbian orthography of Vuk Karadžić, from Herzegovina. But Drahomanov first used it in a publication (Hromada, Geneva 1878), and it came to be popularly referred to as the Drahomanivka. It was used in Drahomanov's publications and personal correspondence, as well as in publications in Western Ukraine (Austro-Hungarian Galicia) by Drahomanov's colleagues Ivan Franko and Mykhailo Pavlyk (Hromadskyi Druh, Dzvin, and Molot, Lviv 1878). But these publications were opposed by conservative Ukrainian cultural factions (the Old Ruthenians and Russophiles) and persecuted by the Polish-dominated Galician authorities, and the orthography fell into obscurity.

## The alphabet

The Drahomanivka was based on the phonemic principle, with each letter representing exactly one Ukrainian phoneme (one meaningful unit of sound). The letter ⟨щ⟩, which represents the sequence, was replaced by ⟨шч⟩. Palatalization was represented by the soft sign ⟨ь⟩, so after softened consonants ⟨я, є, ю⟩ were replaced with ⟨ьа, ье, ьу⟩. The semivowel, written ⟨й⟩, was replaced with the Latin ⟨j⟩; the sequences were to be written ⟨ја, је, ју, јі⟩ instead of with the iotated vowels ⟨я, є, ю, ї⟩. Due to these changes the hard sign—then written ⟨ъ⟩ but later as an apostrophe ⟨'⟩—was superfluous and to be abandoned. The verb ending ‑ться was written ‑тцьа.
Examples:
* шчука (щука in the modern orthography, ščuka, 'pike')
* јаблуко (яблуко, jabluko, 'apple')
* свьатиј (святий, svjatyj, 'saint')
* сподівајетцьа (сподівається, spodivajet'sja, 'anticipates')
An example of the use of Drahomanivka was presented on the 2003 Ukrainian twenty-hryvnia banknote. It shows a fragment of Ivan Franko's poem "Veselka", written in the Drahomanivka, beside the poet's portrait:
   Земле, моја всеплодьучаја мати! Сили, шчо в твојіј движесь глубині, Краплоу, шчоб в боју сміліјше стојати, дај і міні!
# Return of the Incredible Machine: Contraptions

Return of the Incredible Machine: Contraptions is a video game released in 2000, part of The Incredible Machine video game series.
The Incredible Machine: Even More Contraptions is an expansion pack released in 2001. It started a service allowing players to share their homemade puzzles using a service called "WonSwap". Even More Contraptions also came with a Palm Pilot version of the game that contained its own unique set of parts and puzzles suited for a small screen.

## Gameplay

As a full 32-bit Windows 95 game, Contraptions has new 800x600 resolution graphics. Although Contraptions has 250 levels, a few of them are new levels, the majority of them are levels from The Incredible Machine 2.

## Reception

Review scores :
| Publication | Score |
| GameSpot | 8.1/10 |
| IGN | 8.4/10 |
| Absolute Games | 80% |
GameSpot's Trey Walker said: "The problems in the game are only minor, and they do not detract from the overall experience and the high quality of the puzzles. Return of the Incredible Machine will certainly appeal to amateur inventors and players who are familiar with Rube Goldberg's work, and anyone who appreciates good old-fashioned puzzles will find plenty to enjoy in the game."
IGN's Martin Reyes said: "Return of the Incredible Machine is a vintage blend of educational and entertainment software at their finest."
# Fortini

Fortini is an Italian surname. Notable people with the name include:
* Franco Fortini, pseudonym of Franco Lattes, (1917–1994), Italian poet, writer, translator, essayist, literary critic and Marxist intellectual
* Patricia Fortini Brown (born 1936), American Episcopalian and Professor Emerita of Art & Archaeology at Princeton University
* Riccardo Fortini (1957–2009), Italian high jumper
# Walker, Kansas

Walker is an unincorporated community in Herzog Township, Ellis County, Kansas, United States. It is located between Hays and Russell, along old Hwy 40 on the north side of I-70. Walker has a post office with ZIP code 67674.

## History

Settlers from Ohio founded Walker in 1872. They likely named the settlement for Robert J. Walker, the 4th Territorial Governor of Kansas. From 1876 to 1878, they were joined by Volga German immigrants and Plattdeutsch-speaking Germans from Ohio and Kentucky who settled in the area.
The first post office in Walker opened in 1873, closed temporarily in 1876, and then reopened in 1878. St. Ann's Church was built and dedicated in 1905. The community's first school was built in 1893, followed by a second building in 1925. The school has since closed but remains in use as a community center.
In 1942, the U.S. Army built Walker Army Airfield northwest of Walker. During World War II, thousands were stationed at the airfield, mostly for training in operation of the Boeing B-29 Superfortress bomber aircraft. The military closed the base in 1946.
Construction of Interstate 70 reached Walker in 1966, passing immediately south of the community.

## Geography

Walker is located approximately 1.5 miles (2.4 km) west of Walker Creek, part of the Smoky Hill River watershed, in the Smoky Hills region of the Great Plains. Walker is immediately north of Interstate 70, roughly 13 miles (21 km) east of Hays, the county seat.

## Transportation

Walker Avenue, a paved county road, runs north–south through Walker, intersecting Interstate 70 and U.S. Route 40, which run concurrently east-west, immediately south of town. The old alignment of U.S. 40, now a paved county road, runs northeast–southwest through Walker.
The Kansas Pacific (KP) line of the Union Pacific Railroad runs northeast–southwest through Walker, parallel to the old alignment of U.S. 40.
# United People's Alliance

The United People's Alliance (Portuguese: Aliança Popular Unida, APU) was a political alliance in Guinea-Bissau. It consisted of the Guinean People's Party (PPG) and the Socialist Alliance of Guinea (ASG).

## History

The Alliance was formed in early 2004 in order to contest the March 2004 parliamentary elections. It received 1.36% of the vote and won a single seat, taken by Fernando Gomes of the ASG.
The Alliance was dissolved by the end of 2004, and Gomes joined the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde.
# Radenko Dobraš

Radenko Dobraš (born January 31, 1968) is a Serbian former basketball player. He played the guard position. He was named to the 1993 Israeli Basketball Premier League Quintet.

## Biography

Dobraš was born and grew up in Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina, then part of Yugoslavia. He is 6' 7" (201 cm) tall.
He was a member of the Yugoslavian Junior National Basketball Team.
Dobraš attended the University of South Florida from 1988 to 1992, playing for the South Florida Bulls. He held the school's assist record for over a decade, with 534. He was on the Sun Belt Conference All-Freshman Team in 1988–89 when he led the conference in steals with 59, all-conference second team as a sophomore, first-team as a junior when he was fourth in the conference in points per game with 18.7, and Metro Conference first team as a senior when he was second in the conference in assists with 149. He was the MVP of the 1990 Sun Belt Conference men's basketball tournament. Dobraš had his jersey retired in 2002. He was inducted into the University of South Florida Athletic Hall of Fame in 2011.
Dobraš played for Hapoel Tel Aviv and Hapoel Jerusalem. He was named to the 1993 Israeli Basketball Premier League Quintet.
# Annamária Bogdanović

Annamária Bogdanović (also Bogdanovics; née Orbán; born 14 April 1982) is a former Hungarian handballer who played for Siófok KC. She has also been capped for the Hungarian national team. In 2016 she got 4 years suspension by the Hungarian Anti-Doping Group after she provided positive doping samples.

## Personal

She is married to former Debreceni VSC footballer Igor Bogdanović. The couple has a daughter, named Tamara.

## Achievements

* Nemzeti Bajnokság I:
** Silver Medallist: 2010, 2011
** Bronze Medallist: 2009
* Magyar Kupa:
** Silver Medallist: 2009, 2011
* EHF Cup:
** Semifinalist: 2006
# MFPVP

MFPVP (3-Methyl-4-fluoro-α-pyrrolidinovalerophenone) is a recreational designer drug from the substituted cathinone family, with stimulant effects. It was first identified in Sweden in April 2020 and was among the most widely encountered substituted cathinone derivatives in 2021, though it since appears to have declined in prevalence. It is illegal in Virginia.
# Chinchilla train collision

The Chinchilla train collision occurred on 3 June 2003, when a passenger train and a freight train collided on the Cartagena-Albacete line in the Castilian-Manchego municipality of Chinchilla de Monte-Aragón, Albacete, Spain. The accident, caused by both trains mistakenly being put on the same track, resulted in 19 deaths and around 50 wounded.

## Victims

Initially, it was estimated that 16 people were dead (five engineers from the two trains involved) along with 10 missing and 39 wounded. After the rescue, it was found that a total of 19 people were killed and 65 others injured.

## Judicial process

Station master José Luis D. C. was convicted in 2006 of 19 counts of professional reckless homicide and 48 counts of professional reckless injury. He was sentenced to two years of prison and four years of absolute disqualification (which disqualifies a convict from holding public office or employment, and disallows a convict to obtain government grants, scholarships, or any public aid).
# 1964 in archaeology

The year 1964 in archaeology involved some significant events.

## Excavations

* Seibal Harvard University project begins under direction of Gordon R. Willey and A. Ledyard Smith.
* Et-Tell excavations under Joseph Callaway begin (continue through 1970).
* Saqqara excavations under Bryan Emery begin (continue through 1971).
* Pool of Bethesda excavations.
* Snaketown by Emil Haury, with assistance from E. B. Sayles, Erik K. Reed, and Irwin and Julian Hayden.
* Ebla excavations by the University of Rome La Sapienza directed by Paolo Matthiae begin.
* Excavations in Hane, Marquesas Islands, by Yosihiko H. Sinoto begin.
* Tomb of Princess Yongtai excavated in Qianling Mausoleum, China.
* The Missione Archaeologica Italiana a Malta begins excavations at Ras il-Wardija, Gozo, Malta (continues through 1967).
* First full-scale excavation of Roman villa at Oplontis in Italy begins.
* Archaeological site of Atapuerca in Spain directed by Francisco Jordá Cerdá.
* Argentine surveyor and archaeologist Carlos J. Gradin and his team begins the most profound research on Cueva de las Manos in a 30-year-long study of the caves and their art.
* Excavation of Tel Arad by Yohanan Aharoni (continues until 1967).

## Finds

* Getty Victorious Youth in the sea off Fano.
* The second trove of Qabala treasures in Azerbaijan.
* Mummies on Pichu Pichu in the Peruvian Andes.
* Teeth from Grotta del Cavallo in southern Italy, identified in 2011 as the oldest known remains of European early modern humans.
* Pyrgi Tablets at the site of ancient Pyrgi in Lazio, Italy.
* A buckle depicting a man holding a spear in each hand is discovered at Finglesham Anglo-Saxon cemetery during excavations led by Sonia Chadwick Hawkes.

## Events

* May 31 – The Venice Charter for the Conservation and Restoration of Monuments and Sites is adopted by the Second International Congress of Architects and Specialists of Historic Buildings.
* November 30 – Western Australian Museum Act Amendment Act provides for protection of pre-1900 wrecks in local waters.
* Project to move the Abu Simbel temples to prevent their inundation by the Aswan High Dam begins.

## Publications

* L. Sprague de Camp and Catherine Crook de Camp - Ancient Ruins and Archaeology.
* Journal of Industrial Archaeology begins publication.

## Awards

* Ian Richmond knighted.

## Births

* February – Duan Qingbo, Chinese archaeologist (died 2019)