OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# List of most distant stars

This is a list of the most distant individually seen stars discovered.

## List

List of most distant individually seen stars :
| Star | Redshift | Distance (Mpc) | Discovery | Notes |
| WHL0137-LS (Earendel) | 6.2±0.1 | 8,600 | 2022 | The most distant known star as of 2023. |
| MACS J0647.7+7015 LS1 | 4.8 | 7,830 | 2023 | |
| MACS J0647.7+7015 LS2 | 4.8 | 7,830 | 2023 | |
| Abell 2744 LS1 | 2.65 | 6,110 | 2022 | |
| Godzilla | 2.38 | 5,780 | 2022 | The most luminous known star. |
| Quyllur | 2.1878 | 5,540 | 2023 | First red supergiant at cosmological distances. |
| Mothra | 2.091 | 5,400 | 2023 | A binary consisting of a yellow supergiant or yellow hypergiant and a Blue supergiant. |
| MACS J1149 Lensed Star 1 | 1.49 | 4,410 | 2018 | The most distant known star prior to the discovery of Earendel. |
| Warhol | 0.94 | 3,000 | 2014 | Transient, extremely luminous O-type star or a Large Wolf-Rayet star |
| AT 2022zmn | 0.019 | 84 | 2022 | Luminous blue variable. |
| AT 2022oku | 0.018 | 79 | 2022 | Luminous blue variable. |
| AT 2018kle | 0.012505 | 55 | 2018 | Luminous blue variable. |
| SDSS J1229+1122 | 0.000127 | 17 | 2013 | Blue supergiant. |
# Padel in India

Padel is a rapidly growing sport in India, with increasing popularity and infrastructure development across the country.
From the first court in Bangalore in 2017, India had 100 padel courts in 2024 and several padel clubs have sprung up across major metropolitan cities such as Delhi, Hyderabad, Kolkata, and Pune. The popularity is causing waiting lists for booking courts.
The sport is administered by the Indian Padel Federation which is affiliated to the International Padel Federation. The federation had organised seven national ranking events as of 2023. Indian badminton legend Pullela Gopichand joined the IPF in 2023. The federation is working towards official recognition by the Sports Ministry and the Sports Authority of India (SAI).
Since padel is an expensive sport and India is a price-sensitive territory, stakeholders are working to bring down the costs of the sport.
The sport is also being played in Chandigarh.

## Notable players

Nikhil Mohindra became the first ambassador of Padel India in 2024, playing a crucial role in promoting the sport.

## Where to Play

For those interested in playing padel in India, Hudle serves as a one-stop solution for accessing various padel courts and facilities across the country. Hudle provides information on court availability, locations, and bookings, making it easier for players of all levels to engage in the sport.
To learn more about playing padel and to find a court near you download Hudle app, visit [Hudle's website](https://hudle.in).
# Iván Mancía

Iván Roberto Mancía Ramírez (born May 1, 1989) is a Salvadoran professional footballer who plays as a defender for Primera División club Alianza.

## Honours

* Alianza
** Primera División: Apertura 2017, Clausura 2018, Apertura 2019, Apertura 2020, Apertura 2021, Clausura 2022, Clausura 2024
* Santa Tecla
** Primera División: Clausura 2015, Apertura 2016, Clausura 2017
# Dan Takuma

Baron Dan Takuma (團 琢磨, September 7, 1858 – March 5, 1932) was a Japanese businessman who was Director-General of Mitsui, one of the leading Japanese zaibatsu (family conglomerates). He was a graduate of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and was married to the younger sister of statesman Kaneko Kentarō.
During the 1904-1905 Russo-Japanese War, there were some U.S. financiers who wished to profit by lending money to Russia so she could continue her war efforts against Japan. In contrast and in support of ending this war, Frank A. Vanderlip, Jacob Schiff and other U.S. financiers supported President Theodore Roosevelt's successful role as peacemaker between Russia and Japan. Their action was greatly appreciated by many of the leaders of Japan. The early decades of the 1900s were often challenging in terms of U.S. Japan relations. Frank A. Vanderlip and his American and Japanese allies strove to encourage increased business and trade between their nations, which could also enhance the mutual respect and understanding between the U.S. and Japan. The 1908 photo illustration to the right is linked to Frank A. Vanderlip during his U.S. business delegation’s visit to Japan, where they were greeted by Baron Shibusawa Eiichi, Prince Tokugawa Iesato (aka Prince Iyesato Tokugawa), and Baron Dan Takuma and other Japanese representatives. These statesmen often allied together to promote peace and international commerce.
During following year in 1909, in reciprocation for Frank A. Vanderlip’s 1908 business delegation’s visit to Japan, Baron Shibusawa accompanied by his approximately sixty member Japanese business/goodwill delegation toured the United States. During their U.S. visit, the Japanese were greeted by the Vanderlip family and top representatives of American Industry, such as General Electric and Westinghouse. As president of the Japan Society of Manhattan, Frank A. Vanderlip strove to maintain political goodwill and better understanding between the U.S. and Japan.
Takuma Dan continued the cultivation of closer relations between Japan and the Western powers. In 1921, he also led a Japanese Businessmen's Mission, in which a group of Japanese business leaders visited the United States, Great Britain, and France to discuss bilateral economic issues and to promote personal ties with businesspeople of those countries.
In 1927, Dan bought out Takasago Life Insurance and established Mitsui Life, as a subsidiary of Mitsui Group.
On March 5, 1932, Dan was assassinated by right-wing nationalist Gorō Hishinuma for his role in Mitsui's betting against the Japanese economy in favor of Britain, as part of the League of Blood Incident. Hishinuma was sentenced to life in prison for Dan's murder. He was released under an amnesty in 1940, and died in 1990.
Dan's son was embryologist Dan Katsuma, and his grandson was composer Dan Ikuma.
# Meythet

Meythet (French pronunciation:; Arpitan: Métè) is a former commune in the Haute-Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the commune Annecy.

## Geography

The Fier forms most of the commune's south-eastern border.
# Christian persecution

Christian persecution may refer to:

## Persecution of other groups by Christians

* Historical persecution by Christians
* Persecution of Heathens (disambiguation)
* Persecution of pagans in the late Roman Empire
* Christian persecution of paganism under Theodosius I
* Anti-paganism policy of Constantius II
* Persecution of Germanic Pagans (disambiguation)
* Persecution of Ottoman Muslims
* Persecution of Jews
* Black Death Jewish persecutions

## Persecutions of Christians by other Christians

* Anti-Catholicism
* Anti-Protestantism
* Persecution of Eastern Orthodox Christians
* Persecution of Christians in Mexico

## Persecution of Christians by other groups

* Persecution of Christians
* Persecution of Christians in the New Testament
* Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire
** Decian persecution
** Persecution in Lyon
** Diocletianic Persecution
** List of Christians martyred during the reign of Diocletian
* Gothic persecution of Christians
* Persecution of Eastern Orthodox Christians
* Persecution of Oriental Orthodox Christians
** Persecution of Copts
* Persecution of Christians in the modern era
** Nazi persecution of the Catholic Church in Germany
** Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses in Nazi Germany
** Persecution of Christians in the Soviet Union
** Persecution of Christians in the Eastern Bloc
** Eastern Catholic victims of Soviet persecutions
** Religious persecution during the Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
** Anti-Christian violence in India
** Genocide of Christians by ISIL
** Persecution of Christians in the Muslim world
# Doug Reffue

Douglas Paul Reffue (born December 1, 1969, in Gloversville, New York) is the CEO of the animal wellness corporation Pets 52. He formerly served as the Vice President for Operations for Millenium Partners Sports Club Management LLC, the parent company of Sports Club/LA and as president and general manager of the Boston Blazers of the National Lacrosse League.

## Education

Reffue was a standout collegiate soccer player for Colgate University from 1988 to 1992. He later enrolled in the Master of Business Administration program at Boston College graduating in 1995. He and Boston College professor Dr. Victoria L. Crittenden co-authored a paper entitled "Line Logic on the Bow Tie" for the Journal of Product and Brand Management (2006).

## Move to Professional Sports Management

After an early career in product and brand management for Polaroid, Brine Sports and Yankee Candle, Reffue was named president and General Manager of the National Lacrosse League's Boston Blazers on April 7, 2008. Prior to the 2011 NLL season, Reffue engineered several blockbuster signings for the Blazers, including the signing of former NLL MVP forward Casey Powell. In May 2013, he became an executive with Millenium Partners Sports Club Management LLC, responsible for the oversight of the company's luxury sports club brand Sports Club/LA.
On September 21, 2024, he was inducted into the Colgate University Athletics Hall of Honor.
# Euphorbia helioscopia

Euphorbia helioscopia, the sun spurge or madwoman's milk, is a species of flowering plant in the spurge family Euphorbiaceae. It is a herbaceous annual plant, native to most of Europe, northern Africa, and eastward through most of Asia.
Additional folk names include wart spurge, summer spurge, umbrella milkweed, and wolf's-milk.

## Description

Euphorbia helioscopia is an annual plant growing in arable land and disturbed ground. It grows to 10–50 cm tall, with a single, erect, hairless stem, branching toward the top. The leaves are oval, broadest near the tip, 1.5–3 cm long, with a finely toothed margin. The flowers are small, yellow-green, with two to five basal bracts similar to the leaves but yellower. Flowering lasts from mid-spring to late summer.
Similar species include Euphorbia rhabdotosperma, having the appearance of E. helioscopia with smaller parts and differing seed surface (Iran, North Caucasus, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Turkmenistan).

## Uses

Active ingredients extracted from Euphorbia helioscopia are used in pharmaceutical industry. The plant is used in Chinese traditional medicine.
Its extract has been found to inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma in vivo in mice.

## Chemistry

Euphorbia helioscopia contains toxic diterpenes and diterpenoids and phorbol esters. These substances are the major skin irritants found in the plant. The plant is considered poisonous when eaten raw. Nausea, allergic reactions, skin irritation, vomiting may occur after eating.
A number of tannins can be found in E. helioscopia. Helioscopinin-A shows anti-allergic and anti-asthmatic activities in guinea pigs. It is suggested that this compound exerts its activities through antagonism on leukotriene D4-induced responses.
# Carl Bridge

Carl Bridge (born 1950) is an Australian historian, academic, and professor emeritus of Australian History at King's College London.

## Biography

Carl Bridge was born in Sydney and attended Fort Street Boys’ High School. He is a graduate of the University of Sydney and Flinders University. He taught at Flinders and the University of New England, and was director of the Menzies Centre for Australian Studies, King's College London from 1997 to 2014. He has been a fellow of Clare Hall, Cambridge; Churchill College, Cambridge; the Australian Prime Ministers' Centre; and the National Library of Australia. He is also a fellow of the Royal Historical Society. Bridge is a former co-editor of London Papers in Australian Studies and Reviews in Australian Studies. He often speaks and writes on Australian matters in the British and international media. He is currently co-editing a volume of the Documents on Australian Foreign Policy series, on Australia in Peace and War, 1914–19. A Festschrift in his honour, “Reflecting on the British World”, edited by Jatinder Mann and Bart Zielinski, was published in 2024.

## Selected publications

* Revolution: A History of the Idea. London: Croom Helm, 1985. (Edited with David Close).
* Holding India to the Empire: the British Conservative Party and the 1935 Constitution. New Delhi: Sterling; London: Oriental, 1986.
* A Trunk Full of Books: A History of the State Library of South Australia and its forerunners. Adelaide: Wakefield, 1986.
* Munich to Vietnam: Australia's Relations with Britain and the United States since the 1930s. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 1991. (Edited).
* Manning Clark: Essays on his Place in History. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 1994. (Edited).
* Between Empire and Nation: Australia's External Relations from Federation to the Second World War. Melbourne: Australian Scholarly, 2000. (Edited with Bernard Attard).
* The British World: Diaspora, Culture, Identity. London: Frank Cass, 2003. (Edited with Kent Fedorowich).
* A Delicate Mission: The Washington Diaries of R. G. Casey, 1940–42. Canberra: National Library of Australia, 2008. (Edited).
* William Hughes: Australia. London: Haus Publishing, 2011.
* Australia and the United Kingdom 1960–1975. Canberra: Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 2010. (Edited with S.R. Ashton & Stuart Ward)
* The High Commissioners. Australia’s Representatives in the United Kingdom, 1910–2010. Canberra: Department of Foreign Affairs & Trade, 2010. (Edited with Frank Bongiorno & David Lee).
* Australia Goes to Washington: 75 years of Australian representation in the United States, 1940–2015. Canberra: ANU Press, 2016. Edited with David Lowe and David Lee).
# Imangi Studios

Imangi Studios is an American independent video game company best known for creating the top free iOS, Android, and Windows Phone game Temple Run. Founded by husband-and-wife team Natalia Luckyanova and Keith Shepherd, the company also has an artist, Kiril Tchangov.

## Games developed

| Games | Release Date |
| Imangi | July 29, 2008 |
| Imangi Word Square | Nov 9, 2008 |
| Little Red Sled | July 3, 2009 |
| Harbor Master | August 7, 2009 |
| Hippo High Dive | November 30, 2009 |
| geoSpark | December 4, 2009 |
| Max Adventure | December 4, 2010 |
| Temple Run | August 4, 2011 |
| Temple Run: Brave | June 14, 2012 |
| Temple Run 2 | January 16, 2013 |
| Temple Run: Oz | February 27, 2013 |
| Temple Run VR | December 23, 2014 |
| Temple Run: Puzzle Adventure | September 17, 2021 |
| Temple Run: Idle Explorers | June 6, 2023 |

## Recognition

Pocket Gamer placed Imangi at rank #13 in their Top 50 Developers of 2013 list and rank #36 for Top 50 Developers of 2014. New York Times reported that Imangi Studios had become more popular than Zynga.
# Tribolium uniolae

Tribolium uniolae is a grass in the subfamily Danthonioideae of the Poaceae, native to Cape Province, South Africa. It was first described in by Carl Linnaeus, the younger, as Cynosurus uniolae, but in 1985 was transferred to the genus, Tribolium, by Stephen Andrew Renvoize.
In Australia, it is an introduced weed in both Victoria and Western Australia, where it generally grows on disturbed ground and flowers from October to December.
# Stephen Evans (pharmacoepidemiologist)

Stephen James Weston Evans MBE (born c.1943) is a British pharmacoepidemiologist and medical statistician, and as of 2020 a professor of pharmacoepidemiology at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM).
Evans earned a bachelor's degree in physics and chemistry, and a master's in medical statistics from LSHTM. He worked in statistics and computing at the London Hospital Medical College for 25 years, leaving there in 1995 as Professor of Medical Statistics. He was president of the International Society for Pharmacoepidemiology for 2010/2011, and a member of the statistics expert group for the Infected Blood Inquiry. In the 2024 New Year Honours, Evans was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) for services to the safety of medicines.
Evans survived the 1949 Manchester BEA Douglas DC-3 accident when he was five years old.
# Youssef Soliman

Youssef Soliman (Arabic: يُوسُف سُلَيْمَان; born 10 January 1997) is a professional squash player who represents Egypt. He is a world team champion and reached a career high world ranking of 10 in December 2024.

## Career

Soliman reached a world ranking of World No. 11 in October 2022. He won three titles back to back within a year of turning professional.
In May 2023, he was ranked 12 for the 2023 PSA Men's World Squash Championship, but lost to former world champion Karim Abdel Gawad in the first round. In December 2023, he was part of the Egyptian team that secured the gold medal at the 2023 Men's World Team Squash Championships in New Zealand.
As the number 12 seed at the 2024 PSA Men's World Squash Championship he reached the third round before going out to Mazen Hesham.
# List of Bulgaria women Twenty20 International cricketers

This is a list of Bulgaria women Twenty20 International cricketers. A Twenty20 International is an international cricket match between two representative teams, each having Twenty20 International status, as determined by the International Cricket Council (ICC). A Twenty20 International is played under the rules of Twenty20 cricket.
This list includes all players who have played at least one T20I match for Bulgaria and is arranged in the order of debut appearance. Where more than one player won their first cap in the same match, those players are initially listed alphabetically at the time of debut.
Bulgaria women's team played their first WT20I match against Serbia on 12 October 2024 during Serbia tour.

## Key

| General ‡ – Captain † – Wicket-keeper First – Year of debut Last – Year of latest game Mat – Number of matches played | Batting Runs – Runs scored in career HS – Highest score 50 – Number of half centuries Avg – Runs scored per dismissal * – Batter remained not out | Bowling Wkt – Wickets taken in career BBI – Best bowling in an innings Ave – Average runs per wicket | Fielding Ca – Catches taken St – Stumpings affected |

## List of players

Statistics are correct as of 27 October 2024.
Bulgaria women T20I cricketers :
| General | General | General | General | General | Batting | Batting | Batting | Batting | Bowling | Bowling | Bowling | Bowling | Fielding | Fielding | Ref |
| No. | Name | First | Last | Mat | Runs | HS | Avg | 50 | Balls | Wkt | BBI | Ave | Ca | St | Ref |
| 1 | Slaveya Galabova | 2024 | 2024 | 8 | 19 | 10* | 3.80 | 0 | 66 | 3 | 2/16 | 36.33 | 1 | 0 | |
| 2 | Nela Gocheva | 2024 | 2024 | 3 | 0 | 0* | 0.00 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 0 | 0 | |
| 3 | Gabriela Ilarionova | 2024 | 2024 | 8 | 37 | 14 | 4.62 | 0 | 107 | 4 | 1/4 | 33.00 | 4 | 0 | |
| 4 | Vili Nikolova † | 2024 | 2024 | 8 | 49 | 18 | 6.12 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 4 | 0 | |
| 5 | Kalina Paskova | 2024 | 2024 | 8 | 1 | 1 | 0.16 | 0 | 78 | 2 | 1/18 | 54.50 | 1 | 0 | |
| 6 | Detelina Ruynekova ‡ | 2024 | 2024 | 8 | 105 | 31 | 13.12 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 1 | 0 | |
| 7 | Stanislava Sarandeva | 2024 | 2024 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 0.42 | 0 | 60 | 3 | 1/8 | 26.66 | 3 | 0 | |
| 8 | Bilyana Shotorova | 2024 | 2024 | 8 | 13 | 6 | 1.62 | 0 | 108 | 4 | 2/21 | 40.25 | 1 | 0 | |
| 9 | Katrin Srandeva | 2024 | 2024 | 8 | 24 | 11 | 3.42 | 0 | 90 | 2 | 2/33 | 76.50 | 2 | 0 | |
| 10 | Nadia Toleva | 2024 | 2024 | 8 | 4 | 3 | 0.50 | 0 | 65 | 3 | 1/12 | 42.00 | 0 | 0 | |
| 11 | Magdalena Zdravkova | 2024 | 2024 | 8 | 2 | 1* | 1.00 | 0 | 65 | 0 | – | – | 0 | 0 | |
| 12 | Iva Stoilva | 2024 | 2024 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 0 | 0 | |
| 13 | Alexa Stoilva | 2024 | 2024 | 3 | 12 | 7 | 4.00 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 0 | 0 | |
# List of number-one hits of 1988 (Italy)

This is a list of the number-one hits of 1988 on Italian Hit Parade Singles Chart.
| Issue Date | Song | Artist(s) |
| January 2 | "La Bamba" | Los Lobos |
| January 9 | "La Bamba" | Los Lobos |
| January 16 | "La Bamba" | Los Lobos |
| January 23 | "La Bamba" | Los Lobos |
| January 30 | "La Bamba" | Los Lobos |
| February 6 | "Pump Up the Volume" | MARRS |
| February 13 | "Sì, la vita è tutta un quiz" | Renzo Arbore |
| February 20 | "Sì, la vita è tutta un quiz" | Renzo Arbore |
| February 27 | "Sì, la vita è tutta un quiz" | Renzo Arbore |
| March 5 | "Sì, la vita è tutta un quiz" | Renzo Arbore |
| March 12 | "Perdere l'amore" | Massimo Ranieri |
| March 19 | "Perdere l'amore" | Massimo Ranieri |
| March 26 | "Perdere l'amore" | Massimo Ranieri |
| April 2 | "Perdere l'amore" | Massimo Ranieri |
| April 9 | "Perdere l'amore" | Massimo Ranieri |
| April 16 | "L'amore rubato" | Luca Barbarossa |
| April 23 | "L'amore rubato" | Luca Barbarossa |
| April 30 | "L'amore rubato" | Luca Barbarossa |
| May 7 | "L'amore rubato" | Luca Barbarossa |
| May 14 | "I'm Not Scared" | Eighth Wonder |
| May 21 | "I'm Not Scared" | Eighth Wonder |
| May 28 | "I'm Not Scared" | Eighth Wonder |
| June 4 | "Gimme Five" | Jovanotti |
| June 11 | "Gimme Five" | Jovanotti |
| June 18 | "Gimme Five" | Jovanotti |
| June 25 | "Gimme Five" | Jovanotti |
| July 2 | "Tell Me" | Nick Kamen |
| July 9 | "Tell Me" | Nick Kamen |
| July 16 | "Tell Me" | Nick Kamen |
| July 23 | "Tell Me" | Nick Kamen |
| July 30 | "Tell Me" | Nick Kamen |
| August 6 | "Tell Me" | Nick Kamen |
| August 13 | "Tell Me" | Nick Kamen |
| August 20 | "Tell Me" | Nick Kamen |
| August 27 | "Tell Me" | Nick Kamen |
| September 3 | "Gimme Five 2" | Jovanotti |
| September 10 | "Gimme Five 2" | Jovanotti |
| September 17 | "Gimme Five 2" | Jovanotti |
| September 24 | "Gimme Five 2" | Jovanotti |
| October 1 | "Gimme Five 2" | Jovanotti |
| October 8 | "I Don't Want Your Love" | Duran Duran |
| October 15 | "I Don't Want Your Love" | Duran Duran |
| October 22 | "Desire" | U2 |
| October 29 | "Desire" | U2 |
| November 5 | "I Don't Want Your Love" | Duran Duran |
| November 12 | "I Don't Want Your Love" | Duran Duran |
| November 19 | "I Don't Want Your Love" | Duran Duran |
| November 26 | "I Don't Want Your Love" | Duran Duran |
| December 3 | "È qui la festa?" | Jovanotti |
| December 10 | "È qui la festa?" | Jovanotti |
| December 17 | "C'è da spostare una macchina" | Francesco Salvi |
| December 24 | "C'è da spostare una macchina" | Francesco Salvi |
| December 31 | "C'è da spostare una macchina" | Francesco Salvi |

## Number-one artists

| Position | | Artist |
| 1 | Jovanotti | 11 |
| 2 | Nick Kamen | 9 |
| 3 | Duran Duran | 6 |
| 4 | Los Lobos | 5 |
| 4 | Massimo Ranieri | 5 |
| 6 | Luca Barbarossa | 4 |
| 6 | Renzo Arbore | 4 |
| 7 | Eighth Wonder | 3 |
| 7 | Francesco Salvi | 3 |
| 9 | U2 | 2 |
| 10 | MARRS | 1 |
# Spacegirl

Spacegirl or Space Girl may refer to:

## Music

* "Spacegirl", a song by The Brian Jonestown Massacre from the 1995 album Spacegirl and Other Favorites
* "Spacegirl", a song by The Killjoys from the 1996 album Gimme Five
* "Spacegirl", a song by Drugstore from the 1998 album White Magic for Lovers
* "Spacegirl Blues", a song by Gerald V. Casale from the 2005 album Kamchatka
* Spacegirls, a 2015 album by Hästköttskandalen
* "Space Girl", a 2020 song by Frances Forever

## Other uses

* SpaceGirl, original name of 1990s video game No Gravity
* "The Spacegirls", a 1997 comic published in 2000 AD comics
* Space Girl and Bird, a 2003 painting by Banksy
* Spacegirl, a 2008 comic by Travis Charest
* Zita the Spacegirl, a 2011–2014 trilogy of graphic novels by Ben Hatke