OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Stratford tube crash

The Stratford tube crash occurred on 8 April 1953, on the Central line of the London Underground. 12 people died and 46 were injured as a result of a rear-end collision in a tunnel, caused by driver error after a signal failure. This was the worst accident involving trains on the London Underground until the Moorgate tube crash in 1975. A similar accident at exactly the same location, occurred in 1946, before the line was open for public traffic; one railwayman died.

## Collision

The Central line was extended from Liverpool Street to Stratford in November 1946, and was extended further to Leytonstone in 1948.
A signal (A491) in the tunnel between Stratford and Leyton had been damaged, and this and the preceding signal (A489) were showing a permanent red aspect. Trains were being worked slowly past the failed signals under the "Stop and Proceed" rule, under which trains should proceed with extreme caution, typically less than 10 mph (16 km/h). However, one train collided with the back of another which was waiting at signal A491, and the first and second coaches of the colliding train were partially telescoped.
12 people were killed, with 5 people suffering serious injuries and 41 people slightly injured.

## Investigation

The Inspecting Officer considered that the extent of the damage suggested the speed was in the region of 15–20 mph (24–32 km/h), and when the driver had passed signal A489, he had simply coasted down the steep down gradient, not expecting to find another train before the next signal. The driver claimed to have been travelling slowly and that his vision had been obscured by a cloud of dust, but it was felt his memory could have been affected by concussion.

## Memorial

A memorial plaque to the accident was unveiled at Stratford Station on 8 April 2016 by Lyn Brown, Member of Parliament for West Ham. Members of the families of those killed in the crash were also in attendance along with Mike Brown, Commissioner of Transport for London.
# Nino Gorissen

Nino Pierre Gorissen (born 31 December 1997) is a Dutch former professional basketball player. He was the captain for the Den Helder Suns. He is the shortest player to ever play in the BNXT League, being 1.75 m (5 ft 9 in) tall. He formerly played for BAL Weert, in the now replaced DBL.

## Professional career

Gorissen started playing basketball at the age of 6 when he joined the Landslake Lions. He would continue playing there until the age of 15 when he moved to Bolwerk Waterland which was collaborating with the Landslake Lions at the time. He would however return to the Landslake Lions in 2015 where he played in the Promotiedivisie for two years. Afterwards in 2017 Gorissen moved to BAL Weert. He made his Dutch Basketball League (DBL) debut on 8 October 2017 in a 96–80 loss against Aris Leeuwarden scoring 6 points and stealing the ball 3 times. In 2018 he became the shortest person ever to be selected for the DBL All-Rookie Team. On 20 June 2019, Gorissen joined the Den Helder Suns where as of the 2022-2023 season he is still playing.

## National team career
### Junior national team

Gorissen played for the Netherlands during the 2017 FIBA U20 European Championship Division B. They ended up at 10th place.
# Christopher Noble

Christopher Noble (18 August 1902 – 20 July 1986) was an English surveyor who served as the ninth Surveyor-General of the Federated Malay States from 1953 to 1956.

## Early life and education

Christopher Noble was born on 18 August 1902 in Middlesbrough, Yorkshire, England, the oldest of two children to William Hobkirk Noble (Chief Lithographer - Survey Department, Kuala Lumpur) and Jane Annie née Ward.
He attended Hanson Grammar School, Bradford, West Yorkshire before travelling to Australia, where he qualified as a licensed land surveyor at the University of Western Australia in March 1925.

## Professional career

On 18 April 1925 he was appointed as a surveyor in the Singapore Survey Department and on 30 April 1934 was promoted to senior surveyor. Until 1930 he worked mainly with the Toposurvey Branch, in Pahang, before working with the Survey Department in Kuala Lumpur, serving as the acting Assistant Surveyor-General between February 1940 and June 1941.
On 13 July 1942 he enlisted in Melbourne in the Royal Australian Air Force and served as a flying officer. He was honourably discharged on 24 June 1944 and returned to Malaya.
Noble was appointed as deputy Surveyor-General of the Federated Malay Straits in August 1949, and then Surveyor-General on 26 January 1953. He retired on 25 March 1956 and was succeeded by Luis Sigismund Himley. Upon his retirement he returned to England, where he died 20 July 1982 in Little Common, Bexhill-on-Sea, East Sussex, at the age of 79.

## Personal life

Noble married Barbara Constance Watherstone (1908-2001), the daughter of Charles Watherstone (Assistant Under-Secretary of State and Director of Finance at the War Office) and Constance Eva née Clarke, on 3 November 1934 at St Mary's Church, Harrow on the Hill in northwest London. Noble's sister, Maude (1912-2003), was married to Watherstone's brother, David Charles, who served as the Chief Secretary, Federation of Malaya and was knighted for his service in 1956.
# La Pommeraye, Maine-et-Loire

La Pommeraye (French pronunciation: ) is a former commune in the Maine-et-Loire department in western France. On 15 December 2015, it was merged into the new commune Mauges-sur-Loire.
# Savarna (gotra)

Savarna (Sanskrit: सावर्ण, IAST: sāvarṇa) or Savarni/Shavarna is a Brahmin gotra that comprises Kanyakubja Brahmins and Saryupareen Brahmins who are the descendants of sage Savarna Muni. The origins of Savarna gotra can be traced back to the origins of Kanyakubja Brahmins in Kannauj, Uttar Pradesh.
Among Bengalis, the common surname for Savarna gotra is Ganguly or Gangopadhyay.

## History and beliefs

Savarna Brahmins are believed to be the descendants of sage Savarna Muni (or Savarni Muni), belonging to the family of Bhrigu. Several ancient Indian literary works and inscriptions suggest that Savarna Brahmins have five Pravaras - Aurva, Chyavana, Bhargava, Jamadagnya and Apnavana.
Savarna Brahmins have historically been the followers of Samaveda, with Gandharva Veda being their preferred Upa Veda (sub-Veda).
According to the kulapanjikas, the genealogical chronicles of some Bengali Brahmin communities, Savarna gotra Brahmins were one of the five Brahmin gotras (along with Shandilya, Bharadwaj, Kashyap and Vatsya) that immigrated from Uttar Pradesh and Bihar to Bengal in the 11th century. This branch of Bengali Savarna Brahmins is known as Kulin Brahmins, who are further classified in two sections based on their geographic characteristics - Rarh Brahmins and Varendra Brahmins.

## Present

Today, Brahmins of Savarna gotra can be found across India and Nepal. However, their surnames vary from region to region.
# 1991 Turks and Caicos Islands general election

General elections were held in the Turks and Caicos Islands on 3 April 1991. The result was a victory for the opposition Progressive National Party (PNP), which won eight of the thirteen seats in the Legislative Council. Following the elections, PNP leader Washington Misick became Chief Minister.

## Electoral system

The thirteen members of the Legislative Council were elected from five multi-member constituencies with two or three seats.

## Campaign

A total of 26 candidates contested the elections, with the PNP and People's Democratic Movement all running full slates of 13 candidates.

## Results

| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
| | Progressive National Party | 4,834 | 51.56 | 8 | +6 |
| | People's Democratic Movement | 4,542 | 48.44 | 5 | –6 |
| Total | Total | 9,376 | 100.00 | 13 | 0 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 3,596 | 98.57 | | |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 52 | 1.43 | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | 3,648 | 100.00 | | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 4,542 | 80.32 | | |
| Source: Caribbean Elections ||||||
# Glenelly St Joseph's GAC

Glenelly St Joseph's (Irish: Gleann Eallaigh Naoimh Seosaimh) is a Gaelic Athletic Association club. The club is based in Plumbridge, County Tyrone, Northern Ireland and serves the parish of Badoney Upper, which includes the villages of Plumbridge and Cranagh. The club concentrates on Gaelic football, with ladies Gaelic football also provided for.
# Headquarters of the Arab League

The Headquarters of the Arab League is located in Tahrir Square and near the downtown business district of Cairo, Egypt. The headquarters building has views of the Nile River and Qasr al-Nil Bridge just to the west.

## Arab League

The headquarters witnessed the foundation of the Arab League, and the first summit held at these headquarters occurred in 1964 with Gamal Abdel Nasser. The grounds include an enormous hall with a round table for summits, currently used for the Arab temporary parliamentary sessions. It was also used for Arab Minister summits during the Israeli-Lebanese crisis of 2006.

## Local landmarks

Located on Al-Tahrir Street beside Tahrir Square, the Arab League headquarters are close by are diplomatic landmarks and places of cultural interest including: the Egyptian Foreign Ministry, Egyptian Museum, Cairo Opera House, and the Cairo Tower.
# Upshot-Knothole Dixie

Upshot-Knothole Dixie was the fourth test-firing of Operation Upshot–Knothole, an atomic weapons test series conducted in 1953 by the United States at the Nevada Test Site.
Upshot-Knothole Dixie was an 11-kiloton airdrop shot which detonated at 6,000 feet altitude, the highest air burst detonation conducted to that date.
* This United States military history article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Christopher Norwood

Christopher Bonnewell Burton Norwood (17 December 1932 – 14 November 1972) was a Labour Party politician in the United Kingdom.
Norwood was educated at Whitgift School, Croydon and Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, whence he graduated with a BA in 1953. Following university Norwood worked firstly as a management trainee, then assumed various positions at the National Coal Board (NCB) before finding employment in the economic projection section of the Central Electricity Generating Board (CEGB). Having previously contested Sutton Coldfield in 1955 and Bromsgrove in 1959, at the 1964 general election he was elected as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Norwich South, serving until he stood down in 1970. Norwood died suddenly two years later aged 39, leaving behind one son by his ex-wife Beryl.

## Footnotes

* ↑ "NORWOOD, Christopher Bonnewell Burton". Who's Who & Who Was Who. Vol. 2018 (online ed.). A & C Black. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
# Medina Eisa

Medina Eisa Kumanda (born 3 January 2005) is an Ethiopian long-distance runner. She won the gold medal in the 5000 metres at the 2022 and 2024 World Under-20 Championships and silver in the junior women's race at the 2023 World Cross Country Championships.

## Career

In June 2021, aged 16, Medina Eisa placed 10th in the 5000 metres race at the Ethiopian Olympic trials ahead of the delayed 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo.
In April 2022, she finished fourth in the event at the Ethiopian Athletics Championships held in Hawassa, running a time of 15:50.3. She claimed the gold medal for the women's 5000 m at the World Under-20 Championships in Cali, Colombia in August, clocking 15:29.71 ahead of compatriot Melknat Wudu and third-placed Uganda’s Prisca Chesang. In October, Eisa won the Northern Ireland International Cross Country 6 km race held in Dundoland, Belfast in a time of 21:07.
In February 2023, she earned the silver medal in the junior women's race at the World Cross Country Championships, running 21:00 to finish seven seconds behind compatriot Senayet Getachew. With the one-two Ethiopia took gold in the team standings. In April, the 18-year-old set a world U20 best in the 5 kilometres road race with a time of 14:46 for a win at the Adizero Road to Records event in Herzogenaurach, Germany. She beat her compatriot Senbere Teferi, women's only race world record-holder, in a photo finish.
In July 2023, Eisa competed at the Diamond League event in London and ran 5000m in 14:16.54 to set a new world U20 record, beating Tirunesh Dibaba previous world best mark at 14:30.88. It was however not ratified as no anti-doping test was taken after the event. In December 2023, she won the 15 kilometres road race Montferland Run held in 's-Heerenberg with a time of 47:40.
In February 2024, she set a new 3000 metres personal best time of 8:32.35 in Boston at the 2024 New Balance Indoor Grand Prix. She won the 2024 Millrose Games two miles in 9:04.39, the second-fastest short track time ever, but was later disqualified for cutting inside her staggered lane immediately after the race started, and thus not running the full distance.
In March 2024, she won gold in the 5000 metres at the African Games. In May 2024, she finished third in the 5000 metres at the 2024 Doha Diamond League. She won the 5000 metres at the 2024 Meeting International Mohammed VI d'Athlétisme in Rabat.
She competed in the 5000 metres at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris in August 2024, placing seventh in the final. Later that month, she retained her 5000m title at the 2024 World Athletics U20 Championships in Lima, Peru. She was runner-up to Beatrice Chebet at the Barcelona 5km road race on 31 December 2024.

## Personal bests

* 3000 metres – 8:32.25 (Boston 2024)
* 5000 metres – 14:16.54 (London 2023)

### Road

* 5 kilometres – 14:46 (Herzogenaurach 2023) WU20B
* 15 kilometres – 47.40 ('s-Heerenberg 2023)
* 5 kilometres U18 – 14:53 (Herzogenaurach 2022) AU18B
# PP-286 Dera Ghazi Khan-I

PP-286 Dera Ghazi Khan-I (پی پی-286، ڈيره غازى خان-1) is a Constituency of Provincial Assembly of Punjab.

## General elections 2024

Provincial election 2024: PP-286 Dera Ghazi Khan-I :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | PML(N) | Salah-ud-Din Khan | 37,689 | 37.96 | |
| | Independent | Farhat Abbas Balouch | 35,740 | 36.00 | |
| | Independent | Javeed Akthar | 18,511 | 18.64 | |
| | TLP | Muhammad Muti Ullah Khan | 2,932 | 2.95 | |
| | Others | Others (eleven candidates) | 4,412 | 4.45 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 102,933 | 50.71 | |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 99,284 | 96.45 | |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 3,649 | 3.55 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1,949 | 1.96 | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 202,944 | | |
| | hold | hold | hold | hold | hold |

## General elections 2018

Provincial election 2018: PP-287 Dera Ghazi Khan-III :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | PTI | Javeed Akhtar | 42,847 | 52.91 |
| | Independent | Mohsin Atta Khan Khosa | 33,716 | 41.63 |
| | PPP | Muhammad Arif | 1,985 | 2.45 |
| | MMA | Arshad Abbas | 1,629 | 2.01 |
| | Others | Others (four candidates) | 805 | 0.99 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 83,415 | 53.87 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 80,982 | 97.08 |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 2,433 | 2.92 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 9,131 | 11.28 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 154,852 | |

## General elections 2013

| Contesting Candidates | Party Affiliation | Votes Polled |

## General elections 2008

| Contesting Candidates | Party Affiliation | Votes Polled |
# Leptocypris guineensis

Leptocypris guineensis species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Danionidae. This fish is found in Atlantic slope drainages of the Guinean mountain ranges.
# Submarine (baseball)

In baseball, a submarine is a pitch in which the ball is released often just above the ground, but not underhanded, with the torso bent at a right angle, and shoulders tilted so severely that they rotate around a nearly horizontal axis. This is in stark contrast to the underhand softball pitch in which the torso remains upright, the shoulders are level, and the hips do not rotate.

## Description

The "upside down" release of the submariner causes balls to move differently from pitches generated by other arm slots. Gravity plays a significant role, for the submariner's ball must be thrown considerably above the strike zone, after which it drops rapidly back through. The sinking motion of the submariner's fastball is enhanced by forward rotation, in contrast with the overhand pitcher's hopping backspin.
Submarine pitches are often the toughest for same-side batters to hit (i.e., a right-handed submarine pitcher is the more difficult for a right-handed batter to hit, and likewise for left-handed pitchers and batters). This is because the submariner's spin is not perfectly level; the ball rotates forward and toward the pitching arm side, jamming same-sided hitters at the last moment, even as the ball drops rapidly through the zone.
Though the bending motion required to pitch effectively as a submariner means that submariners may be more at risk of developing back problems, it is commonly thought that the submarine motion is less injurious to the elbow and shoulder. Kent Tekulve and Gene Garber, two former submarine pitchers, were among the most durable pitchers in baseball history with 1,944 appearances between the two.
Past major league submariners include Carl Mays, Ted Abernathy, Elden Auker, Chad Bradford, Mark Eichhorn, Gene Garber, Kent Tekulve, Todd Frohwirth, and Dan Quisenberry. Steve Olin was also a submarine pitcher.
Japanese pitcher Shunsuke Watanabe is known as "Mr. Submarine" in Japan. Watanabe has an even lower release point than the typical submarine pitcher, dropping his pivot knee so low that it scrapes the ground. He now wears a pad under his uniform to avoid injuring his knee. His release is so low that his knuckles often become raw from their periodic drag on the ground.

## Submarine pitchers
### Current players
#### Major League Baseball

* Adam Cimber
* Brian Moran
* Tyler Rogers
* Ryan Thompson
* Zach Vennaro
* Tim Hill

#### Nippon Professional Baseball

* Kazuhisa Makita
* Rei Takahashi
* Hirofumi Yamanaka
* Kaito Yoza

#### KBO League

* Park Jong-hoon
* Dae-woo Kim

#### Chinese Professional Baseball League (Taiwan)

* Lin Chen-hua
* Huang Tzu-Peng

### Former players

* Ted Abernathy
* Elden Auker
* Chad Bradford
* Tae-Hyon Chong
* Mark Eichhorn
* Todd Frohwirth
* Gene Garber
* Byung-hyun Kim
* Terry Leach
* Carl Mays
* Porter Moss
* Mike Myers (baseball)
* Darren O'Day
* Steve Olin
* Dan Quisenberry
* Gus Schlosser
* Joe Smith
* Kent Tekulve
* Jack Warhop
* Shunsuke Watanabe
* Kelly Wunsch
* Eric Yardley
* Brad Ziegler
# Let's Get Gold

Let's Get Gold is a British sports entertainment television series. It aired on ITV; consisting of three episodes and was hosted by Vernon Kay. It was announced on 11 June 2012, that Rio Ferdinand, Freddie Flintoff, Una Healy and Martine McCutcheon were to judge the show.

## Background

Over three shows, Let's Get Gold puts 15 sporting teams against each other as they attempt to transform their sport into the most spectacular and entertaining routine.
With a prize fund of £100,000 and judged by Rio, Una, Martine and Freddie; the show aims to find groups with the best technique and skill and creativity.

## Promotion

On 21 June 2012, host Vernon Kay spoke to Phillip and Holly on This Morning about the show. On 5 July 2012, judge Martine McCutcheon spoke to Lorraine Kelly on her breakfast show Lorraine.

## Format

The judging panel is split and vote at the end of each performance, awarding either a bronze, silver or gold. At the end of all the performances, the audience vote to send one team through to the final. No public vote takes place as the show is pre-recorded.
# Ko van Tongeren

Jacobus "Ko" van Tongeren (August 19, 1913 – May 6, 1996) was a Dutch canoeist who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics.
He was born in Haarlem and died in Velsen.
In 1936 he finished fourth in the K-1 10000 metre competition.
# Taufers im Münstertal

Taufers im Münstertal (German:; Italian: Tubre; Romansh: Tuer) is a comune (municipality) in South Tyrol in northern Italy, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) west of the city of Bolzano, on the border with Switzerland.

## Geography

As of November 30, 2010, it had a population of 964 and an area of 45.8 square kilometres (17.7 sq mi).
Taufers borders the following municipalities: Glurns, Mals, Prad am Stilfser Joch, Stilfs, Lü (Switzerland), Müstair (Switzerland), Santa Maria Val Müstair (Switzerland), Scuol (Switzerland), and Valchava (Switzerland).

### Frazioni

The municipality of Taufers contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Pundweil (Pontevilla) and Rifair (Rivaira).

## History
### Coat-of-arms

The shield is party per bend, the first part of gules and the second fusilly of argent and azure. It is the insignia of Lords of Reichenberg who lived in the local castle since 1373. The emblem was granted in 1967.

## Society
### Linguistic distribution

According to the 2024 census, 97.68% of the population speak German and 2.32% Italian as first language.
# Matthew Kipkoech Kipruto

Matthew Kipkoech Kipruto (born 24 August 2005) is a Kenyan long-distance runner.

## Career

He won a bronze medal in the U20 individual, and gold in the U20 team event at the 2024 World Athletics Cross Country Championships in Belgrade.
He raced in Europe for the 2024–25 World Athletics Cross Country Tour and won the Festival du Cross in France and the Cinque Mulini in Italy in November 2024. He won the Barcelona 5km road race on 31 December 2024.
# Letters from Pyongyang

Letters from Pyongyang is a 2012 documentary short film (28 minutes) about the filmmaker's search for lost relatives in North Korea, directed by Korean-Canadian filmmaker Jason Lee. The film premiered at the Rencontres internationales du documentaire de Montreal also known by its acronym RIDM on 13 November 2012. The international premiere in Doha, Qatar during the 9th Aljazeera International Documentary Film Festival garnered the film the top juried prize, the Aljazeera Golden Award, in the short film category.
Letters from Pyongyang subsequently received the Best Documentary jury prize at the 23rd Palm Springs International ShortFest in Palm Springs, California and the Best Short Film jury prize at the Toronto Reel Asian International Film Festival in Toronto, Canada.
# Chenna massacre

The Chenna massacre was a mass extrajudicial killing perpetrated by the Tigray Defense Forces (TDF) in and around the village of Chenna Teklehaymanot in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia during the Tigray War, between 31 August and 4 September 2021.
The village is about 10 kilometres (6 mi) north-west of the town of Dabat in the North Gondar Zone of Amhara Region.

## Massacre

Between 31 August and 4 September, the TDF occupied the village of Chenna Teklehaymanot in Dabat district in the Amhara Region. Amhara regional authorities reported that the TDF killed 120-200 civilians during the occupation. Doctors at the nearest hospital placed the death toll at 125 and counting.
According to residents, TDF soldiers arrived demanding food, then killed those who resisted when fighters slaughtered their animals and looted their properties. Associated Press found many unburied corpses at the scene, some in military clothing. At least 30 women and girls were raped and sexually assaulted by TDF soldiers in and around Chenna during the occupation.
Human Rights Watch (HRW) spoke to residents who witnessed 26 civilians summarily executed by TDF fighters in Chenna. Witnesses also accused the TDF of entering residential areas without allowing civilians to leave and then shooting at Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF) positions, effectively utilizing the local population as human shields. HRW was provided a list of names of 74 civilians who were said to have died as a result of the TDF occupation.
An Ethiopian Human Rights Commission investigation found that at least 47 civilians were extrajudicially killed by the TDF in Chenna, some with their hands tied behind their backs.
The TDF has denied the massacre.