OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ivar Lunde

Ivar Lunde (18 June 1908 – 18 July 1992) was a Norwegian diplomat.
He was born in Pavlovsk, and took the examen artium in 1927 and the cand.jur. degree in 1932. He started working for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1933, and was stationed in Paris, Moscow, Teheran, Ankara and Lisbon. From 1946 to 1949 he was an assistant secretary in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, before spending three years as a counsellor at the Norwegian United Nations embassy, legation counsellor and chargé d'affaires in Athens and Tel Aviv. He was stationed in Athens; a separate station in Tel Aviv was not opened until 1958.
He was then the Norwegian envoy to Thailand from 1952, then ambassador to Turkey from 1956. As such he also acted as the ambassador to Iraq, Iran and West Pakistan. He was the ambassador to Finland from 1962 to the Soviet Union (and Mongolia) from 1966 and to Austria from 1970 to 1977. Here he was also the Norwegian permanent delegate to IAEA, UNIDO and MBFR.
After 1977, he was a special adviser for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. At the same time he worked as a lawyer for refugees in Norway, and took up translation. He was an authorized translator from the Polish language since 1978, and translated Czesław Miłosz among others. He died in 1992.
# Sakai, Fukui (town)

Sakai (坂井町, Sakai-chō) was a town located in Sakai District, Fukui Prefecture, Japan.

## Population

The town of Sakai had a population of 12,953 at the 2005 national census, an increase of 181 (1.4%) from the 2000 census. The total area was 31.70 km$^2$ and population density was 408.61 persons per km$^2$.

## History

On March 20, 2006, the town merged with the other towns within Sakai District, namely Harue, Maruoka and Mikuni, to create the city of Sakai (坂井市, Sakai-shi). The name Sakai-chō is still used within the postal address of locations within the former town.
# Peter Christiansen (rower)

Peter Fich Christiansen (born 4 April 1941) is a retired Danish rower who had his best achievements in the coxless pairs. In this event, he won two European medals, in 1964 and 1965 together with Hans Jørgen Boye; they also finished in fifth place at the 1964 Summer Olympics. At the 1968 Games, Christiansen rowed with Ib Larsen and won a bronze medal. Four years later, he competed in the coxless fours and ended in sixth place.
# Eusebio Guiñazú

Eusebio Guiñazú (born 15 January 1982) is an Argentine rugby union player. His usual position is as a prop or hooker.

## History
### Club career

He started his career at Argentine team RC Mendoza.
He turned professional in 2005 and signed for the French Top 14 team Toulon. After just one season at Toulon, he moved to another French team, Agen, where he remained for 3 seasons until he was released in July 2009 due to club's financial problems following their relegation to Pro D2.
He had a short spell back in Mendoza before he signed for South African Super Rugby franchise the Stormers. He played for them during the 2010 Super 14 season, as well as for domestic side Boland Cavaliers in the 2010 Vodacom Cup and 2010 Currie Cup First Division seasons.
At the end of 2010, he returned to France when he joined Biarritz and shortly after moved to Toulouse.
He signed for Bath Rugby on a two-year deal in November 2012.
He joined Irish Pro12 side Munster on a four-month contract in September 2014. He signed a contract extension with Munster in January 2015, meaning he will stay with the province until the end of the 2014–2015 season.

### International career

In 2003, while still playing in Argentina, he earned a call-up to the Argentina national team, making his debut on 27 April against Paraguay in Montevideo.
He was not initially named to the Argentina squad for the 2007 Rugby World Cup, but was called in for the third-place match against France as a replacement for the injured Mario Ledesma.
In 2012 Eusebio was part of the Pumas team that part in the inaugural, The Rugby Championship.
# Ostrówki massacre

The Ostrówki massacre was a 1943 mass murder of the Polish inhabitants of the Volhynian village of Ostrówki [pl], located in the gmina Hushcha, Liuboml (Polish: Huszcza, Luboml), Volhynian Voivodeship in the Second Polish Republic (now known as Ostrowky, located in the Kamin-Kashyrskyi Raion of Volyn Oblast, Ukraine). On 30 August 1943, armed members of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UIA) murdered 438 Poles. Among the victims were 246 children under the age of 14.
On the same day, the nationalists of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army murdered 529 Poles in the neighboring village of Wola Ostrowiecka (see Massacre of Wola Ostrowiecka). After the massacre, Ostrówki was burned to the ground after its goods were looted. In September 1943, a commandant, surnamed Lysiy, of the local UIA, reported to the UIA's headquarters: "I have carried out the operation in the villages of Wola Ostrowiecka and Ostrovky (sic). I have liquidated all Poles, from the youngest to the oldest ones. I burnt all buildings, and appropriated all goods."

## The particulars

The massacres followed a scheme similar to other such events in the area. The village was surrounded by Ukrainians armed with firearms, knives, axes and pitchforks. All Poles were ordered to assemble at a local school, to discuss ways of fighting the Germans. Males were then murdered, followed by women, girls, and then small children. All bodies were then thrown into a pit. Those Poles who remained, were locked in the school, where they either burned alive, or were murdered with grenades.
At some point during the massacre, which began at 10 a.m., German soldiers came to investigate the village. Their arrival spurred the murderers to hurry, and a number of women and children were killed in a nearby field. After the Germans left, the Ukrainians began calling out in Polish that the area was clear. Those who responded to the subterfuge were murdered.
Polish survivors of the massacre and their families organized the first trip to Ostrówki/Ostrowky in 1990. They met with inhabitants of the neighboring Ukrainian village of Sokil, none of whom wished to talk about it. Tomasz Trisiuk, a Polish survivor of the massacre who was 13 at the time, remembered that most of the victims were murdered with hammers and axes. Another survivor, Helena Popek, who was then 20, stated that the UIA at first pretended to be friendly, giving out candy to children and telling the Poles to calm down.
On 17 August 1992, an exhumation took place; Polish scientists of the Medical Academy from Lublin found 330 bodies, which were reburied on 30 August 1992, the 49th anniversary of the massacre, in a local cemetery. In 2003, a metal cross with a small chapel dedicated to Virgin Mary were erected here.
# Dino da Costa

Dino da Costa (Italian:, Brazilian Portuguese:; 1 August 1931 – 10 November 2020) was a Brazilian-Italian professional footballer, who played as a central midfielder or striker.

## Club career

Da Costa was born in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A prolific and effective centre-forward, he began his football career in his native country with Botafogo (1948–55), for whom he scored 36 goals from 51 appearances in the Campeonato Carioca, winning the top-goalscorer award in 1954, with 24 goals, and the league title in 1948, forming a notable attacking partnership with Vinício. He later moved to Italy, where he played for a number of clubs in Serie A. He made his Serie A debut on 18 September 1955, against Vicenza, with Roma, for whom he scored 71 times in 149 appearances between 1955 and 1961, also winning the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup with the club in 1961, and winning the Capocannoniere Award during the 1956–57 season as the Serie A top goalscorer, with 22 goals. Alongside Roma legend Francesco Totti, he is the joint all-time top scorer in the Rome Derby in official competitions, with 11 goals, and 12 including friendly matches.
During his time with Roma, Da Costa also played for Fiorentina on loan during part of the 1960–61 season, during which he won the Coppa Italia, the European Cup Winners' Cup, and the Coppa delle Alpi. After returning to Roma briefly during the following season, he moved to Atalanta (1961–63), where he won his second Coppa Italia in 1963, later moving to Juventus (1963–66), under Heriberto Herrera, where he won his third Coppa Italia title in 1965. He also played for Verona in Serie B (1966–67), and Ascoli in Serie C (1967–68), at the end of his career.

## International career

Despite being born in Brazil, Da Costa played once at senior international level for Italy, scoring his only goal in a 2–1 defeat to Northern Ireland, on 15 January 1958; the defeat meant that Italy had failed to qualify for the 1958 FIFA World Cup, finishing second in their group, behind Northern Ireland, by a single point.

## Managerial career

Following his professional footballing career, Da Costa also served briefly as a coach in the lower divisions, and the Vatican's Campionato della Città del Vaticano.

## Death

Da Costa died in Verona on 10 November 2020, aged 89.

## Honours
### Club
#### Botafogo

* Campeonato Carioca: 1948

#### Atalanta

* Coppa Italia: 1962–63

#### Fiorentina

* Coppa Italia: 1960–61
* European Cup Winners' Cup: 1960–61
* Coppa delle Alpi: 1960–61

#### Juventus

* Coppa Italia: 1964–65

#### Roma

* Inter-Cities Fairs Cup: 1960–61

### Individual

* Campeonato Carioca Top Goalscorer: 1954 (24 goals)
* Serie A Top Goalscorer: 1956–57 (22 goals)
* Serie A Team of The Year: 1957
# Stefan Topurov

Stefan Petrov Topurov (Bulgarian: Стефан Петров Топуров) (born 11 August 1964 in Asenovgrad), is a former weightlifter, Olympian and World Champion from Bulgaria.
He was the first lifter to clean & jerk 3 times his body weight, with a 180 kg lift in the 60 kg division at the 1983 World Weightlifting Championships.

## Career
### Olympics

His only Olympic appearance was at the 1988 Seoul Olympics in the 60 kg division against his former teammate Naim Süleymanoğlu. In the end Naim would put on the most dominating display of weightlifting of all time, but Stefan had a dominating performance of his own, winning the silver medal with a total of 312.5 kg, a full 25.0 kg above the bronze medalist Ye Huanming.

## Major results

| Year | Venue | Weight | Snatch (kg) | Snatch (kg) | Snatch (kg) | Snatch (kg) | Clean & Jerk (kg) | Clean & Jerk (kg) | Clean & Jerk (kg) | Clean & Jerk (kg) | Total | Rank |
| Year | Venue | Weight | 1 | 2 | 3 | Rank | 1 | 2 | 3 | Rank | Total | Rank |
| Olympic Games |||||||||||||
| 1988 | Seoul, South Korea | 60 kg | 137.5 | 142.5 | 142.5 | 2 | 165.0 | 175.0 | -- | 2 | 312.5 | |
| World Championships |||||||||||||
| 1983 | Moscow, Soviet Union | 60 kg | 132.5 | -- | -- | | 180.0 WR | -- | -- | | 312.5 | |
| 1986 | Sofia, Bulgaria | 67.5 kg | 152.5 | -- | -- | | 185.0 | -- | -- | | 337.5 | |
| 1987 | Ostrava, Czechoslovakia | 60 kg | 135.0 | 140.0 | 142.5 | | 170.0 | 175.0 | 175.0 | | 315.0 | |
| European Championships |||||||||||||
| 1984 | Vitoria, Spain | 60 kg | 137.5 | -- | -- | | 177.5 | -- | -- | | 315.0 WR | |
| 1987 | Reims, France | 60 kg | 140.0 | -- | -- | | 170.0 | -- | -- | | 310.0 | |
| 1988 | Cardiff, United Kingdom | 60 kg | 145.0 | -- | -- | | 177.5 | -- | -- | | 322.5 | |

## Weightlifting achievements

* Silver medalist in Olympic Games (1988);
* Senior world champion (1987);
* Silver medalist in Senior World Championships (1983 and 1986);
* Senior European champion (1984 and 1987);
* Silver medalist at Senior European Championships (1983 and 1988);
* Set eleven world records during his career.
* First man ever to lift three times his body weight.
# Anhangueridae

Anhangueridae is a group of pterosaurs within the suborder Pterodactyloidea. They were among the last pterosaurs to possess teeth. A recent study discussing the group considered the Anhangueridae to be typified by a premaxillary crest and a lateral expansion in the distal rostrum. The same study presented a cladistic analysis, for which an "agreement subtree" was calculated. The Anhangueridae was found to be sister taxon to the large crested Tropeognathus.

## Relationships

There are competing theories of ornithocheiromorph phylogeny (evolutionary relationships). Below is cladogram following a topology recovered by Brian Andres, using the most recent iteration of his data set.
The cladogram below follows Pêgas et al. (2019), who recovered Anhangueridae as a much more inclusive group. The analysis found most of the ornithocheirids falling into this family, while Ornithocheirus itself was recovered as a basal member of Ornithocheirae.
The clagogram below is reproduced from Richards et al., (2023), who based their data matrix on the data matrix in Holgado and Pêgas, (2020). In the paper they erect the clade Mythungini which comprises all Australian tropeognathines.
# White Wall (Taunus)

The White Wall (German: Weiße Mauer) in the Taunus is a quartzite field on the Altkönig that was formed in the ice age as a result of frost weathering. It lies at a maximum elevation of 634 m above sea level (NHN) near Oberursel in the Hessian county of Hochtaunuskreis in Germany.
From the pass on the Kanonenstraße, which runs from Oberursel up to the Großer Feldberg, the rocky terrain looks like a stone quarry. In sunlight the rocks gleam white; hence the name of the debris field.

## Geography
### Location

The White Wall lies within the Taunus Nature Park on the northeastern slopes of the Altkönig (798.2 m), whose summit is about 1.4 km away, and 6 km northwest of the centre of Oberursel. It is in the Altkönig nature reserve in the former municipal forest of Harheim. It is surrounded by knobby birches and heathland.

### Natural regions

The White Wall belongs to the natural region major unit group of the Taunus (No. 30), the major unit of the High Taunus (301) and the subunit of Feldberg-Taunuskamm (301.3). Its terrain descends towards the southeast into the natural region of Kronberger Taunusfuß (300.21), which is within the major unit of the Anterior Taunus (300) and subunit of Altkönig Vorstufe (300.2).

## Geology

The blockfield belongs to the Taunus Quartzite and is thus made of similar material to the Altkönig hillfort and other local rock formations (the Marmorstein, Elisabethenstein and Goldgrube).

## Hiking

The E1 European long distance path runs over the southern uplands of the White Wall from the pass of Fuchstanz (662 m) to the west and then over the Altkönig to the southwest. The route leaves the paved track in places and, after the quartzite field, heads east down to the Hohe Mark in the valley of the Urselbach.
# Jurinus Janse van Rensburg

Lieutenant General Jurinus (Rinus) Janse van Rensburg, SD SM MMM KStJ (born 7 January 1952) is a former South African military commander. He joined the South African Military Health Service in 1972 and commanded it, as Surgeon-General, from 2000 to 2005. He served as Chief of Corporate Staff from 1 August 2005 until his retirement in 2010.

## Early life

He was born on 7 January 1952 in Murraysburg, in the Karoo and matriculated at Paarl Boys' High School in 1969. He joined the Defence Force in 1970 and was stationed at 1 Maintenance Unit at Lenz. It was during this period that he decided to study medicine and so commenced medical studies at the University of Pretoria.

## Military career

After completing his degree in 1976 he became a medical officer at 1 Military Hospital. In 1980 he was transferred to the then South African Medical Service Headquarters as the Senior Operational Officer, and during the same year was transferred to the then South West Africa Medical Command, Sector 10, as a medical officer.
In 1983 he became the SO2 Medical Training Command. He was appointed to his first command position in 1986, when he became the Officer Commanding of the then South West Africa Medical Command. In 1989 he was promoted to the rank of Brigadier General and became the General Officer Commanding of 1 Military Hospital.
In 1994 he was transferred back to the SAMHS Headquarters as Chief of Staff Planning until he was appointed Chief of Medical Force Application in 1997. On 1 October 2000 he succeeded the late Lt. Gen. Davidson Masuku, as the Surgeon General of the SANDF, a position he held until 31 July 2005. He was appointed Chief of Corporate Staff on 1 August 2005.

## Awards and decorations

Lt. Gen. Janse van Rensburg received the following awards during his career:
* Southern Cross Decoration (SD)
* Southern Cross Medal (1975) (SM)
* Military Merit Medal (MMM) }
* Pro Patria Medal }
* Southern Africa Medal }
* General Service Medal (South Africa) }
* Good Service Medal (Gold (30 Years)) }
* Good Service Medal (Silver (20 Years)) }
* Good Service Medal (Bronze (10 Years)) }
* Venerable Order of Saint John (Gr II - Knight of Justice or Grace) (KStJ) }
* CISM Order of Merit (Officer) }
He became a Knight of St John in 2001
# Gonzalo García (rugby union, born 1984)

Gonzalo Manuel García (born February 18, 1984) was an Argentine-born Italian rugby union player for Zebre in the Pro14 competition. Gonzalo García's position was centre. From summer 2024 he is Head coach of Colorno.

## Biography

García was born in Mendoza, Argentina and made his debut for that city's side Maristas, winning the provincial title in 2006. He played the U-19 World Cup in France in 2003 and the U-21 World Cup in Argentina in 2005 for Argentina.
In 2007 he moved to Italy to play with Rugby Calvisano, subsequently choosing the Italian nationality. He is of Italian descent through his maternal great-grandfather. After winning an Italian title at Calvisano in 2008, he moved to Benetton Treviso in the Pro12.
García debuted for the Italian national team against South Africa in Cape Town on 21 June 2008, in a 26-0 loss. He scored his first test match try against South Africa on 21 November 2009 in the Stadio Friuli, Udine. He was called for the 2011 Rugby World Cup, playing in three games but without scoring.
From summer 2022 to 2024 he was coach of Zebre Parma Academy.
# Battle of Trahili

The Battle of Trahili (Greek: Μάχη στο Τραχήλι) was fought on 15 August 1943 between Cretan partisans and German occupying forces during World War II. It took place near the village of Vorizia in south-central Crete, when German forces attempted to surround a small group of partisans led by the local chieftain Petrakogiorgis. Most of the partisans managed to escape, despite being heavily outnumbered.

## Background

In June 1941, soon after the fall of Crete to the Axis, Georgios Petrakis (Petrakogiorgis) and five men from Vorizia established the first resistance group in the south slopes of Mt. Ida. This group, named "Psiloritis" (Greek: Ψηλορείτης), was active in the regions of Mt. Ida, Messara plain, Mt. Kedros and Amari valley throughout the occupation of Crete. The group engaged in close combat with the occupation forces on several occasions and had close ties with the British SOE. As noted by Beevor, [the Germans had] harboured an especially personal enmity for Petrakogiorgis, more than for any other chieftain.
On 14 August 1943, the eve of the Dormition, most of Petrakogiorgis men were away visiting their families. He and 21 more men were hiding north of the village of Vorizia. They had arranged to receive the Holy Communion from a monk of the nearby Vrontisi Monastery and were preparing to celebrate the Dormition. Unknowingly, however, their whereabouts were betrayed to the Germans.

## The battle

On the early morning of 15 August 1943, partisan sentries spotted German forces approaching their hideout from three different directions with an estimated total strength of 3500 men. After a brief discussion, the partisans decided to head towards the nearby forest of Rouvas and avoid villages as this might invoke German reprisals. On their way, at an altitude of approx. 1000 meters, they encountered a German force consisting of a few hundred men who were already in control of the pass of Trahili. The partisans sought cover in the rocks and started a fierce battle under the scorching sun which lasted until the early evening. The Germans heavily outnumbered Petrakogiorgis and his men, were much better armed and had artillery support from the town of Tymbaki. Nevertheless, they did not succeed in neutralizing the partisans, who fought bravely and managed to escape after losing 7 of their comrades and having 4 more wounded. In his diary, Petrakogiorgis reports 33 German casualties whereas Beevor mentions 13.

## Aftermath

A few days after the battle of Trahili and in reprisal for the assistance of locals to the partisans, the village of Vorizia was destroyed by aerial bombardment.
A marble plaque at Trahili commemorates the battle and the fallen partisans.
# Essential Video Coding

MPEG-5 Essential Video Coding (EVC), standardized as ISO/IEC 23094-1, is a video compression standard that has been completed in April 2020 by decision of MPEG Working Group 11 at its 130th meeting.
The standard consists of a royalty-free subset and individually switchable enhancements.

## Concept

The publicly available requirements document outlines a development process that is defensive against patent threats: Two sets of coding tools, base and enhanced, are defined:
* The base consist of tools that were made public more than 20 years ago or for which a Type 1 declaration is received. Type 1, or option 1, means "royalty-free", in the nomenclature used in ISO documents.
* The "enhanced" set consists of 21 other tools which have passed an extra compression efficiency justification and which can be disabled individually.
Each of the 21 payable tools can have separately acquired and separately negotiated and separately Traded License agreements. Each can be individually turned off and, when necessary, replaced by a corresponding cost free baseline profile tool. This structure makes it easy to fall back to a smaller set of tools in the future, if, for example, licensing complications occur around a specific tool, without breaking compatibility with already deployed decoders.
A proposal by Samsung, Huawei and Qualcomm forms the basis of EVC.

## Implementations

* XEVE (eXtra-fast Essential Video Encoder) is self-described as a fast open source EVC encoder. It is written in C99 and supports both the baseline and main profiles of EVC. Its license is a custom 3-clause BSD license.
* FFmpeg version 7.1 officially supports encoding and decoding using official external library above (for encoding) and decoder library: eXtra-fast Essential Video Decoder (XEVD).

## MPAI-EVC

MPAI aims to significantly enhance the performance of EVC by improving or replacing traditional tools with AI-based tools, with the goal of reaching at least 25% improvement over the baseline profile of EVC.
# Ghana Insurance College

Ghana Insurance College is a professional college in Accra, Ghana. The school was established by four major insurance bodies, the National Insurance Commission (NIC), Ghana Insurers Association (GIA), Ghana Insurance Brokers Association (GIBA) and the Insurance Institute of Ghana (IIG). The aim of the school is to provide training and education for insurers.