# 2023 Ebonyi State gubernatorial election

The 2023 Ebonyi State gubernatorial election was held on 18 March 2023, to elect the Governor of Ebonyi State, concurrent with elections to the Ebonyi State House of Assembly as well as twenty-seven other gubernatorial elections and elections to all other state houses of assembly. The election — which was postponed from its original 11 March date — was held three weeks after the presidential election and National Assembly elections. Incumbent APC Governor Dave Umahi was term-limited and could not seek re-election to a third term. Speaker of the House of Assembly Francis Nwifuru held the office for the APC by a margin of 35% over first runner-up and PDP nominee — businessman Ifeanyi Odii.
Party primaries were scheduled for between 4 April and 9 June 2022 with the All Progressives Grand Alliance nominating former Secretary to the State Government Bernard Odoh on 29 May while both the All Progressives Congress and the Peoples Democratic Party had two separate parallel primaries. For the APC, one primary nominated Nwifuru on 26 May while another was won by former Revenue Mobilisation Allocation and Fiscal Commission chairman Elias Mbam on the same day; in the PDP, one primary nominated Odii on 30 May as a different primary nominated Senator for Ebonyi Central Joseph Ogba on 6 June. By July, INEC recognised Nwifuru as the APC nominee while the PDP nomination was awarded to Odii by the Supreme Court in September.
The day after the election, collation completed and INEC declared Nwifuru as the victor. In the full results, Nwifuru won about 199,000 votes and 58% of the vote as runner-up Odii received over 80,000 votes and 23% of the vote while Odoh came third with around 52,000 votes and 15% of the vote. Odii rejected the official results and filed legal challenges; the proceedings eventually reached the Supreme Court, which affirmed the victory of Nwifuru in a January 2024 judgment.

## Electoral system

The Governor of Ebonyi State is elected using a modified two-round system. To be elected in the first round, a candidate must receive the plurality of the vote and over 25% of the vote in at least two-thirds of state local government areas. If no candidate passes this threshold, a second round will be held between the top candidate and the next candidate to have received a plurality of votes in the highest number of local government areas.

## Background

Ebonyi State is a small, Igbo-majority southeastern state with a growing economy and vast natural areas but facing an underdeveloped yet vital agricultural sector, rising debt, and a low COVID-19 vaccination rate.
Politically, the state's 2019 elections were categorized as a continuation of the PDP's control as Umahi won with over 81% of the vote and the party won every seat in the House of Assembly along with all three senate seats. However, the PDP did lose one House of Representatives seat to the APC after a court ruling and although the state was easily won by PDP presidential nominee Atiku Abubakar, it still swung towards Buhari compared to 2015 and had lower turnout. In the interim between 2019 and 2023, the state's political landscape drastically changed as Umahi defecting to the APC in November 2020 set in motion a wave of other defections that gave the APC control of the House of Assembly. While the defections massively improved the APC's southeastern standing, the legal ramifications are still unknown as a high court briefly removed Umahi and all assemblymembers who also defected from office in March 2022 until the decision was overturned on appeal; it has been appealed further.
Ahead of his second term, Umahi stated focuses included agriculture, economic development, and resource development; however, he was criticized for authoritarian-esque actions. Alarms were raised after Umahi's defection when he ordered security forces to lock the state PDP secretariat in 2021 and when the state PDP spokesman was arrested for criticizing Umahi in 2022; he was also accused of using security forces to harass critics and political opponents. At other points during his administration, Umahi was given praise for economic diversification and increasing government transparency while receiving further criticism for blaming IPOB attacks on politicians without evidence and ranting against the judiciary.

## Primary elections

The primaries, along with any potential challenges to primary results, were to take place between 4 April and 3 June 2022 but the deadline was extended to 9 June. An informal zoning gentlemen's agreement sets the Ebonyi North Senatorial District to have the next governor as Ebonyi North has not held the governorship since 2007. However, some groups such as the Association of Ebonyi State Indigenes in the Diaspora claimed that as one full rotation of districts would be complete in 2023, further zoning was unnecessary. On the other hand, some leaders in the Izzi subgroup of the Igbo people claim that not only should the governorship be zoned to Ebonyi North, it should go to the Izzi as former Governor Sam Egwu was from a non-Izzi area of Ebonyi North. Meanwhile, some leaders in the Ezaa subgroup of the Igbo people called for their group to hold the governorship as the Ezaa are one of the largest subgroups in the state.
Eventually, the PDP settled on zoning to the "Abakaliki bloc" (the North and Central Senatorial Districts) while APGA and the APC declined to formally zone their nominations.

### All Progressives Congress

Ahead of the primary, the state APC constituted a zoning committee that submitted its report in April 2022; along with the zoning committee, Umahi also asked leaders from both the Ezaa and Izzi subethnic groups to put forward candidates. While Ezaa APC leaders settled on former Senator Julius Ucha at a meeting in Onueke, the Izzi process was much more contentious as Izzi stakeholders were reportedly divided between backing RMFAC Chairman Elias Mbam or Assembly Speaker Francis Ogbonna Nwifuru. After Mbam eventually won out, Nwifuru supporters rushed to endorse him anyway while other Izzi leaders chastised the supportive statement.
Another cause of intraparty strife were rumours that Umahi was personally supporting Nwifuru. This speculation was confirmed on 23 April 2022 when Umahi endorsed Nwifuru while at a funeral. Ucha and other candidates derided Umahi's endorsement of Nwifuru as 'undemocratic imposition' that was characteristic of his "high-handed" party leadership style. In response, an Umahi aide claimed the endorsement was based on the wide support Nwifuru received from stakeholders and that Umahi's would not prevent internal democracy during the primary.
On the primary date, two separate factional primaries were held with the grouping backed by Umahi and the state party holding an indirect primary at the Pa Ngele Oruta Township Stadium while the faction supported by Mbam held an indirect primary at Mbam's campaign office. After both primaries were peacefully held, the Stadium primary ended in Nwifuru winning by a wide margin while the Mbam factional primary resulted in his victory. Nwifuru was recognized as the legitimate nominee in July by INEC.

#### Nominated

* Francis Nwifuru: House of Assembly member for Izzi West (2011–present) and Speaker of the House of Assembly (2015–present)
** Running mate—Patricia Obila: Afikpo North Local Government Vice Chairman

#### Eliminated in primary

* Elias Mbam: Chairman of the Revenue Mobilization Allocation and Fiscal Commission (2010–2015; 2019–2022) and former commissioner (1999–2005)
* Edward Nkwegu: Chairman of Ebonyi State Extended Special Public Works Programme of the Federal Government, 2019 APC gubernatorial candidate, and 2015 LP gubernatorial nominee (defected after the primary to the LP)
* Rosemary Ofoke Nwogbaga
* Julius Ucha: member of the National Assembly Service Commission (2020–present), 2015 APC gubernatorial nominee, 2011 ACN gubernatorial nominee, former Senator for Ebonyi Central (2003–2011), former House of Assembly member, and former Speaker of the House of Assembly

#### Withdrew

* Nnanna Igwe: medical doctor

#### Declined

* Augustine Nwankwegu: former state Attorney General (2015–2017), former House of Assembly member for Izzi West, and former Speaker of the House of Assembly
* Godwin Ogbaga: former acting Secretary to the State Government and former Minister of State for Power and Steel (1998–1999)
* Sonni Ogbuoji: former Senator for Ebonyi South (2011–2019), 2019 APC gubernatorial nominee, former Commissioner for Economic Empowerment and Poverty Reduction (2009–2010), and former Afikpo South Local Government Chairman
* Kenneth Ugbala: Secretary to the State Government (2019–2022)

#### Results

Candidates' vote share
APC primary results :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | APC | Francis Nwifuru | 743 | 87.82% |
| | APC | Rosemary Ofoke Nwogbaga | 63 | 7.45% |
| | APC | Julius Ucha | 22 | 2.60% |
| | APC | Elias Mbam | 10 | 1.18% |
| | APC | Edward Nkwegu | 8 | 0.95% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 846 | 100.00% |
| Invalid or blank votes | Invalid or blank votes | Invalid or blank votes | 8 | N/A |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 854 | Unknown |
Candidates' vote share
APC Mbam office primary results :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | APC | Elias Mbam | 741 | 98.15% |
| | APC | Francis Nwifuru | 7 | 0.93% |
| | APC | Julius Ucha | 4 | 0.53% |
| | APC | Edward Nkwegu | 2 | 0.26% |
| | APC | Rosemary Ofoke Nwogbaga | 1 | 0.13% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 755 | 100.00% |
| Invalid or blank votes | Invalid or blank votes | Invalid or blank votes | 22 | N/A |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 777 | Unknown |

### All Progressives Grand Alliance

In early April 2022, state APGA Chairman Ricky Okorouka announced that the state party would not zone its gubernatorial nomination.
On 25 March 2022, the national APGA announced its primary schedule, setting its expression of interest form price at ₦3 million and the nomination form price at ₦12 million with a 50% discount for women candidates and candidates with disabilities. Forms are to be sold from 29 March to 11 April; after the purchase of forms, gubernatorial candidates are to be screened by a party committee on 22 and 23 April while the screening appeal process is slated for 5 May. Ward congresses are set for 10 May to elect delegates for the primary. Candidates approved by the screening process advanced to a primary set for 29 May, in concurrence with all other APGA gubernatorial primaries; challenges to the result could be made on 31 May.
On the primary date, former Secretary to the State Government Bernard Odoh was the sole candidate and won the nomination unopposed. In his acceptance speech, Odoh derided the APC and PDP along with pledging to lead APGA to victory.

#### Nominated

* Bernard Odoh: 2019 APC gubernatorial candidate and former Secretary to the State Government (2015–2018)
Running mate—Nkata Chuku

#### Results

APGA primary results :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | APGA | Bernard Odoh | 513 | 100.00% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 513 | 100.00% |

### People's Democratic Party

In late September 2021, State PDP Chairman Fred Udeogu announced that the state party had zoned its gubernatorial nomination to the "Abakaliki bloc" (the North and Central Senatorial Districts).
On the primary date, the national PDP abruptly cancelled the gubernatorial primary along with all other Ebonyi PDP primaries due to court ruling over state party leadership. Before the national leadership set a new primary date, a party faction led by ousted state chairman Silas Onu held its own election, nominating businessman Ifeanyi Chukwuma Odii by a wide margin. The national party and its recognized state chairman, Tochukwu Okorie, rejected the primary and held their own primary on 6 June; it was won by Senator Joseph Ogba. However, the next day, a Federal High Court annulled the Okorie factional primary and declared the Odii-won primary as legitimate. The court battle continued afterwards until 14 September when the Supreme Court ruled in favor of Odii and declared him the legitimate nominee. INEC briefly removed Odii as recognized nominee in December 2022 due to renewed litigation but he was returned to the list of candidates by late January.

#### Nominated

* Ifeanyi Chukwuma Odii: businessman

#### Eliminated in primary

* Edwin Anayo: House of Representatives member for Ezza North/Ishielu (2015–present)
* Emmanuel Ezeh: President of Ebonyi Chambers of Commerce, Industry, Mines and Agriculture
* Austin Igwe-Edeze
* Paulinus Igwe Nwagu: former Senator for Ebonyi Central (2011–2015), former House of Representatives member for Ezza North/Ishielu (2007–2011), and former Ezza North Local Government Chairman (1999–2002)
* Fidelis Nwankwo: former Minister of State for Health and former Izzi Local Government Chairman
* Augustine Nwazunku: former Secretary of the Ebonyi State Agency for Control of AIDS and brother of opponent Chukwuma Nwazunku
* Chukwuma Nwazunku: House of Representatives member for Abakaliki/Izzi (2015–present), former House of Assembly member, former Speaker of the House of Assembly, and brother of opponent Augustine Nwazunku
* Adaeze Nwuzor: former Ebonyi Local Government Chairman
* Joseph Ogba: Senator for Ebonyi Central (2015–present), former Commissioner for Youths and Sports (2002–2003), and former Ishielu Local Government Chairman
** Running mate—Oliver Osi: House of Assembly member for Ivo
* Sylvester Ogbaga: House of Representatives member for Abakaliki/Izzi (2007–present) and former Abakaliki Local Government Chairman
* Chris Usulor: House of Assembly member for Ezza South (2011–present) and son of former Ebonyi Central Senator Vincent Obasi Usulor

#### Declined

* Chukwuma Nwandiugo: former Commissioner for Works and Transport

#### Results

Candidates' vote share
PDP Onu factional primary results :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | PDP | Ifeanyi Chukwuma Odii | 349 | 93.07% |
| | PDP | Chris Usulor | 9 | 2.40% |
| | PDP | Sylvester Ogbaga | 8 | 2.13% |
| | PDP | Andrew Sunday Opoke | 6 | 1.60% |
| | PDP | Emmanuel Ezeh | 1 | 0.27% |
| | PDP | Augustine Nwazunku | 1 | 0.27% |
| | PDP | Chukwuma Nwazunku | 1 | 0.27% |
| | PDP | Other candidates | 0 | 0.00% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 367 | 100.00% |
Candidates' vote share
PDP Okorie factional primary results :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | PDP | Joseph Ogba | 253 | 52.38% |
| | PDP | Edwin Anayo | 110 | 22.78% |
| | PDP | Sylvester Ogbaga | 63 | 13.04% |
| | PDP | Fidelis Nwankwo | 44 | 9.11% |
| | PDP | Chukwuma Nwazunku | 6 | 1.24% |
| | PDP | Austin Igwe-Edeze | 3 | 0.62% |
| | PDP | Paulinus Igwe Nwagu | 2 | 0.41% |
| | PDP | Ifeanyi Chukwuma Odii | 1 | 0.21% |
| | PDP | Augustine Nwazunku | 1 | 0.21% |
| | PDP | Adaeze Nwuzor | 0 | 0.00% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 483 | 100.00% |
| Invalid or blank votes | Invalid or blank votes | Invalid or blank votes | 14 | N/A |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 497 | Unknown |

### Minor parties

* Chukwuma Awuregu Nwandugo (Action Alliance)
** Running mate: Cordelia Chiaka Ugboaja
* Kenneth Nwabueze Oziomaeze (Action Democratic Party)
** Running mate: Ogochukwu Jonah Okorie
* Apollos Ndubisi Okpara (Action Peoples Party)
** Running mate: Elijah Umoke
* Bernard Nyaba Nwonomara (African Democratic Congress)
** Running mate: Solomon Ogbonna Okoh
* Chinenye Judith Igwe (Allied Peoples Movement)
** Running mate: Kingsley Chukwuma Aliede
* Edward Nkwegu (Labour Party)
** Running mate: Ajah Nwabueze Igwe
* Chris Soni Adol-Awam (New Nigeria Peoples Party)
** Running mate: Nkechinyere B. Okochi
* Anthony N. Usulor (National Rescue Movement)
** Running mate: Evo Christopher Ogbonnaya
* Micheal Ikechukwu Nwankwo (Social Democratic Party)
** Running mate: Iheanacho Nwugo
* Sunday Andrew Opoke (Young Progressives Party)
** Running mate: Sunday Ogbonnaya Okoro

## Campaign

Much of the general election campaign was dominated by internal party disputes that often led to extensive legal battles. The nominations of both Nwifuru and Odii were challenged by the winners of their parties' parallel primaries with the PDP case rising to the Supreme Court. For the state PDP, the court cases were only a part of its wider internal crisis. By 2023, attention mainly switched to the presidential election on 25 February. In the election, Ebonyi State voted for Peter Obi (LP); Obi won the state with 79.8% of the vote, beating Bola Tinubu (APC) at 13.0% and Atiku Abubakar (PDP) at 4.2%. Although the result was unsurprising—Ebonyi is in Obi's southeastern stronghold and projections had favored him—the result led to increased attention on the chances of LP gubernatorial nominee Edward Nkwegu as opposed to Nwifuru, Odoh, or Odii. However, the LP nomination itself was embroiled in legal action which culminated in the removal of Nkwegu as nominee. In the wake of the presidential election and the court ruling sacking Nkwegu, analysts focused on various factors including regional strength by candidate, internal party relations, and zoning dynamics.

## Projections

| Source | Projection | Projection | As of |
| Africa Elects | Tossup | Tossup | 17 March 2023 |
| Enough is Enough- SBM Intelligence | Odii | Odii | 2 March 2023 |

## Conduct
### Electoral timetable

On 26 February 2022, the Independent National Electoral Commission released the timetable, setting out key dates and deadlines for the election. Months later on 27 May 2022, INEC made a slight revision to the timetable, allowing parties extra time to conduct primaries.
* 28 February 2022 – Publication of Notice of Election
* 4 April 2022 – First day for the conduct of party primaries
* 9 June 2022 – Final day for the conduct of party primaries, including the resolution of disputes arising from them
* 1 July 2022 – First day for submission of nomination forms to INEC via the online portal
* 15 July 2022 – Final day for submission of nomination forms to INEC via the online portal
* 12 October 2022 – Commencement of the official campaign period
* 16 March 2023 – Final day of the official campaign period

## General election
### Results

2023 Ebonyi State gubernatorial election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | % |
| | AA | Chukwuma Awuregu Nwandugo | |
| | ADP | Kenneth Nwabueze Oziomaeze | |
| | APP | Apollos Ndubisi Okpara | |
| | ADC | Bernard Nyaba Nwonomara | |
| | APM | Chinenye Judith Igwe | |
| | APC | Francis Nwifuru | |
| | APGA | Bernard Odoh | |
| | LP | Edward Nkwegu | |
| | New Nigeria Peoples Party | Chris Soni Adol-Awam | |
| | NRM | Anthony N. Usulor | |
| | PDP | Ifeanyi Odii | |
| | SDP | Micheal Ikechukwu Nwankwo | |
| | YPP | Sunday Andrew Opoke | |
| | ZLP | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 100.00% |
| Invalid or blank votes | Invalid or blank votes | Invalid or blank votes | N/A |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | |

#### By senatorial district

The results of the election by senatorial district.
| Senatorial District | Francis Nwifuru APC | Francis Nwifuru APC | Bernard Odoh APGA | Bernard Odoh APGA | Ifeanyi Odii PDP | Ifeanyi Odii PDP | Others | Others | Total Valid Votes |
| Senatorial District | Votes | Percentage | Votes | Percentage | Votes | Percentage | Votes | Percentage | Total Valid Votes |
| Ebonyi Central Senatorial District | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD |
| Ebonyi North Senatorial District | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD |
| Ebonyi South Senatorial District | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD |
| Totals | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD |

#### By federal constituency

The results of the election by federal constituency.
| Federal Constituency | Francis Nwifuru APC | Francis Nwifuru APC | Bernard Odoh APGA | Bernard Odoh APGA | Ifeanyi Odii PDP | Ifeanyi Odii PDP | Others | Others | Total Valid Votes |
| Federal Constituency | Votes | Percentage | Votes | Percentage | Votes | Percentage | Votes | Percentage | Total Valid Votes |
| Abakaliki/Izzi Federal Constituency | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD |
| Afikpo North/Afikpo South Federal Constituency | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD |
| Ebonyi/Ohaukwu Federal Constituency | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD |
| Ezza North/Ishielu Federal Constituency | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD |
| Ezza South/Ikwo Federal Constituency | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD |
| Ivo/Ohaozara/Onicha Federal Constituency | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD |
| Totals | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD |

#### By local government area

The results of the election by local government area.
| LGA | Francis Nwifuru APC | Francis Nwifuru APC | Bernard Odoh APGA | Bernard Odoh APGA | Ifeanyi Odii PDP | Ifeanyi Odii PDP | Others | Others | Total Valid Votes | Turnout Percentage |
| LGA | Votes | Percentage | Votes | Percentage | Votes | Percentage | Votes | Percentage | Total Valid Votes | Turnout Percentage |
| Abakaliki | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % |
| Afikpo North | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % |
| Afikpo South | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % |
| Ebonyi | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % |
| Ezza North | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % |
| Ezza South | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % |
| Ikwo | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % |
| Ishielu | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % |
| Ivo | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % |
| Izzi | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % |
| Ohaozara | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % |
| Ohaukwu | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % |
| Onicha | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % |
| Totals | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % |