# Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia

The deputy prime minister of Malaysia (Malay: Timbalan Perdana Menteri Malaysia; Jawi: تيمبلن ڤردان منتري مليسيا) is the second-highest political office in Malaysia. There have been 15 officeholders since the office was created in 1957. The first prime minister of Malaysia, Tunku Abdul Rahman, started the convention of appointing a deputy prime minister, but some cabinets have opted not to appoint a deputy prime minister.

## Appointment

Malaysia has had a deputy prime minister for most of the time since independence. A prime minister may choose not to appoint a deputy prime minister. The office of deputy prime minister is not provided for in the constitution of Malaysia. At the same time, a prime minister could appoint more than one deputy prime minister, as has occurred before in Singapore.
From August 1957 to May 2018, when the coalition government Barisan Nasional (BN), of which the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) was the main component party, was the only ruling coalition, and by practice, the UMNO deputy president was usually appointed the deputy prime minister by the prime minister, who was the UMNO president. In the organisational structure of BN, the president and deputy president of UMNO were automatically made the chairman and deputy chairman of BN.
From May 2018 to February 2020, when Pakatan Harapan (PH), a political coalition of four parties, was the only ruling coalition, the holder of the position of deputy prime minister was decided upon by the presidential council of PH. Wan Azizah Wan Ismail, who was the first female holder of office, was the post holder.
The position has vacant for 16 months since Muhyiddin Yassin was sworn in as prime minister in March 2020 after Perikatan Nasional (PN) was leading ruling coalition until July 2021 after Ismail Sabri Yaakob was appointed to the position. However, he briefly served for 40 days before taking over as prime minister is the shortest-serving officeholder in history.
Since August 2021, when BN is again the leading ruling coalition, there have again been no holders of the office of the deputy prime minister for 13 months before replacing by Ahmad Zahid Hamidi and Fadillah Yusof, first duo deputy prime minister in Malaysian history.

## Deaths, resignations and removals from office

Of the thirteen previous officeholders, eight have stepped up to become Prime Ministers. Of the remaining, one died in office, two resigned, two were removed from office (both who later became Prime Ministers) by the sitting Prime Minister, and two disqualified from office due to defeat in the 2018 general election and collapse of the federal administration in 2020 political crisis.
Ismail Abdul Rahman died in office due to massive heart attack in 1973. Musa Hitam resigned from second Mahathir cabinet over differences with Prime Minister over government policy in 1986. Ghafar Baba resigned from his portfolio following UMNO grassroots lost confidence in his leadership and his position as Deputy President of UMNO was challenged by Anwar Ibrahim in the UMNO's top leadership election. Anwar Ibrahim was the first deputy prime minister to be sacked after being accused and subsequently charged with corruption and sodomy in 1998. Muhyiddin Yassin was the second DPM to be removed from office after being dropped from the Cabinet by former Prime Minister Najib Razak in a reshuffle in 2015. He later was sacked from his party. Wan Azizah Wan Ismail's role as deputy prime minister ended after the seventh Mahathir cabinet was dissolved due to its fall from the federal administration in 2020.

## List of deputy prime ministers of Malaysia

Colour key (for political parties):  Alliance Party  Barisan Nasional  Pakatan Harapan  Gabungan Parti Sarawak
| # | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) Constituency | Term of office | Term of office | Term of office | Ministerial offices held as Deputy Prime Minister | Political party | Political party | Prime Minister |
| # | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) Constituency | Took office | Left office | Time in office | Ministerial offices held as Deputy Prime Minister | Political party | Political party | Prime Minister |
| 1 | | Tun Abdul Razak Hussein عبدالرزاق حسين‎ (1922–1976) MP for Pekan | 31 August 1957 | 22 September 1970 | 13 years, 23 days | Minister of National and Rural Development (1957–1970) Minister of Defence (1957–1970) Minister of Home Affairs (1967–1969) Minister of Finance (1969–1970) | | Alliance (UMNO) | Tunku Abdul Rahman |
| 2 | | Tun Dr. Ismail Abdul Rahman إسماعيل عبدالرحمن‎ (1915–1973) MP for Johore Timor (1959–1973) (Died in office) | 22 September 1970 | 2 August 1973 | 2 years, 315 days | Minister of Home Affairs (1969–1973) Minister of Trade and Industry (1973–1973) | | Alliance (UMNO) | Abdul Razak Hussein |
| 3 | | Dato' Hussein Onn حسين عون‎ (1922–1990) MP for Johore Bahru Timor (1971–1974) MP for Sri Gading (1974–1981) | 13 August 1973 | 15 January 1976 | 2 years, 156 days | Minister of Education (1970–1973) Minister of Trade and Industry (1973–1974) Minister of Finance (1974–1976) | | Alliance (UMNO) | Abdul Razak Hussein |
| 3 | | Dato' Hussein Onn حسين عون‎ (1922–1990) MP for Johore Bahru Timor (1971–1974) MP for Sri Gading (1974–1981) | 13 August 1973 | 15 January 1976 | 2 years, 156 days | Minister of Education (1970–1973) Minister of Trade and Industry (1973–1974) Minister of Finance (1974–1976) | | BN (UMNO) | Abdul Razak Hussein |
| 4 | | Dato' Seri Mahathir Mohamad محاضير محمد‎ (b.1925) MP for Kubang Pasu | 5 March 1976 | 16 July 1981 | 5 years, 134 days | Minister of Education (1976–1978) Minister of Trade and Industry (1978–1981) | | BN (UMNO) | Hussein Onn |
| 5 | | Dato' Musa Hitam موسى هيتم‎ (b. 1934) MP for Labis (1978–1982) MP for Panti (1982–1986) | 18 July 1981 | 16 March 1986 | 4 years, 242 days | Minister of Home Affairs (1981–1986) | | BN (UMNO) | Mahathir Mohamad |
| 6 | | Abdul Ghafar Baba عبدالغفار باب‎ (1925–2006) MP for Jasin | 10 May 1986 | 15 October 1993 | 7 years, 159 days | Minister of National and Rural Development 1986–1990) Minister of Rural Development 1990–1993) | | BN (UMNO) | Mahathir Mohamad |
| 7 | | Dato' Seri Anwar Ibrahim أنور إبراهيم‎ (b. 1947) MP for Permatang Pauh | 1 December 1993 | 2 September 1998 | 4 years, 276 days | Minister of Finance (1993–1998) | | BN (UMNO) | Mahathir Mohamad |
| 8 | | Dato' Seri Abdullah Ahmad Badawi عبدﷲ أحمد بدوي‎ (b. 1939) MP for Kepala Batas | 8 January 1999 | 31 October 2003 | 4 years, 297 days | Minister of Home Affairs (1999–2003) | | BN (UMNO) | Mahathir Mohamad |
| 9 | | Dato' Sri Haji Mohd. Najib Abdul Razak محمد نجيب عبدالرزاق‎ (b. 1953) MP for Pekan | 7 January 2004 | 3 April 2009 | 5 years, 87 days | Minister of Defence (2003–2008) Minister of Finance (2008–2009) | | BN (UMNO) | Abdullah Ahmad Badawi |
| 10 | | Tan Sri Dato' Haji Muhyiddin Mohd. Yassin محيي الدين ياسين‎ (b. 1947) MP for Pagoh | 10 April 2009 | 29 July 2015 | 6 years, 111 days | Minister of Education (2009–2015) | | BN (UMNO) | Najib Razak |
| 11 | | Dato' Seri Dr. Ahmad Zahid Hamidi أحمد زاهد حميدي‎ (b. 1953) MP for Bagan Datok | 29 July 2015 | 9 May 2018 | 2 years, 285 days | Minister of Home Affairs (2013–2018) | | BN (UMNO) | Najib Razak |
| 12 | | Dato' Seri Wan Azizah Wan Ismail وان عزيزة وان إسماعيل‎ (b. 1952) MP for Pandan | 21 May 2018 | 24 February 2020 | 1 year, 280 days | Minister of Women, Family and Community Development (2018–2020) | | PH (PKR) | Mahathir Mohamad |
| 13 | | Dato' Sri Ismail Sabri Yaakob إسماعيل صبري يعقوب‎ (b. 1960) MP for Bera | 7 July 2021 | 16 August 2021 | 41 days | – | | BN (UMNO) | Muhyiddin Yassin |
| 14 | | Dato' Seri Dr. Ahmad Zahid Hamidi أحمد زاهد حميدي‎ (b. 1953) MP for Bagan Datuk | 3 December 2022 | Incumbent | 2 years, 60 days | Minister of Rural and Regional Development (since 2022) | | BN (UMNO) | Anwar Ibrahim |
| 14 | | Dato Sri Haji Fadillah Yusof فضيلة يوسف‎ (b. 1962) MP for Petra Jaya | 3 December 2022 | Incumbent | 2 years, 60 days | Minister of Plantation and Commodities (2022–2023) Minister of Energy Transition and Public Utilities (since 2023) | | GPS (PBB) | Anwar Ibrahim |