OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jyoti Jibon Ghosh

Jyoti Jibon Ghosh (1910 – 1968), was an Indian revolutionary and member of the Bengal Volunteers who carried out assassinations against British colonial officials in an attempt to secure Indian independence. He is a close associate of revolutionary Dinesh Gupta.

## Family

Ghosh was born in Dhamasin village, Hooghly district in 1910. His father was Jamini Jibon Ghosh. He enrolled in I.A. in Midnapore College and joined the Bengal Volunteers, a revolutionary organisation in British India. His family joined the Indian freedom movement. His brother Prof. Binoy Jibon Ghosh was dismissed from service for having a connection with the Swadeshi movement. Another brother Naba Jibon Ghosh committed suicide while imprisoned by the British. His younger brother Nirmal Jibon Ghosh was also a freedom fighter.

## Revolutionary activities

Dinesh Gupta fought in the Battle of the Writers Building's Verandah and survived. After discussion it was decided by the Bengal Volunteers group that the first target would be District Magistrate James Peddy. Peddy would beat the salt satyagrahis to unconsciousness and killed some of them by kicking them. Further, he kicked unarmed women on the open streets, beat them and left them. A list of four names was sent to the Calcutta Headquarters of the Bengal volunteers for approval. They were Shashanka Dasgupta, Phani Kundu, Ghosh, and Bimal Dasgupta. On 7 April at around 5:00 p.m Peddy came to the fair with two officers, 16 trained police dogs, and 16 body guards for prize distribution. He was busy in the exhibition when Ghosh and Dasgupta shot at him. After the shootout they snatched a cycle and fled to the Salbani Jungle, there they boarded at different railway stations and reached Purulia. After that they spent some days in Asansol and Kolkata. Dasgupta's uncle Hiralal Dasgupta refused to give information about Peddys' killers and lost his job. He worked in Jharia coalfield for a period.

## After independence

After the murder of Bernard E. J. Burge, District Magistrate for Midnapur, Ghosh was a suspect, and imprisoned for some time. His brother Nirmal Jibon Ghosh was hanged in Medinipur Central Jail on 26 October 1934. His family did not allow him to make contact with the Bengal Volunteers group. He later stayed with his brother Binoy Jiban Ghosh in Kolkata.
After independence he made contact with Ananta Singh, a former revolutionary who participated in the Chittagong armoury raid in 1930. This period of his life is controversial. In the 1960s banks were frequently robbed in Calcutta, where Singh's name featured. He published a series of writings in local papers still remembering and revering the revolutionary nationalists. His family told Bimal Dasgupta that he had committed suicide. Although it is said that after regular police harassment he and most of the members of his group, fled to a forest near Jaduguda in the present-day Jharkhand state in late 1960s, where he died.
# Albania–Yugoslav aircraft incident (1967)

The Albanian–Yugoslav aircraft incident (1967) took place in the early morning of July 17, 1967. Božidar Vujović, a young First Lieutenant of the Yugoslav Air Force, took off from Ladvjeci aerodrome in the city of Kraljevo, Yugoslavia (now Serbia). He was piloting a Republic F-84G Thunderjet and was part of the 98th Fighter Bomber Regiment. His mission was a training flight from Ladvjeci to the Kumanovo military polygon in the Socialist Republic of Macedonia, then part of Yugoslavia and today known as North Macedonia. Flying alongside him was fellow young pilot Ratomir Slavić.

## Background

Due to a navigational error, Božidar found himself over Albania, closing in on Rinas aerodrome. Meanwhile, Ratomir had become separated from him due to a misunderstanding and ended up in Sofia, the capital city of Bulgaria. The pilots had lost their orientation during their group flight. At that time, Rinas Aerodrome was home to the 7594 Fighter-Bomber Regiment, and two MiG-19s were scrambled to intercept the intruder. The crew of an IL-28 bomber, which typically did not fly at night, led by their commander, Bajram Hitaj, from Vlora, was also dispatched to intercept the intruder. The Albanian Air Force pilots who confronted the Yugoslav pilot were Koço Biku and Roland Sofroni, with Mahmut Hysa and Gezdar Veipi providing backup.

## Incident

Upon realizing his mistake and understanding the potential consequences, Božidar attempted to escape the area. However, the MiG-19s closed in from both sides and signaled him to follow them down by firing a few cannon rounds. Božidar obeyed the signals and landed at Rinas Airbase at 7:30 a.m. After extensive negotiations with Yugoslav authorities and the Yugoslav embassy in Tirana, the pilot was released, and the plane was returned to the Yugoslav Air Force.

## Aftermath

The incident garnered international attention and led to diplomatic discussions between Yugoslavia and Albania. Although the incident ended relatively peacefully, it highlighted the dangers of navigation errors during military flights and the need for clear communication between the involved countries to avoid such incidents.
# Whitehead problem

In group theory, a branch of abstract algebra, the Whitehead problem is the following question:
   Is every abelian group A with Ext$^1$(A, Z) = 0 a free abelian group?
Saharon Shelah proved that Whitehead's problem is independent of ZFC, the standard axioms of set theory.

## Refinement

Assume that A is an abelian group such that every short exact sequence
    $0\rightarrow \mathbb {Z} \rightarrow B\rightarrow A\rightarrow 0$
must split if B is also abelian. The Whitehead problem then asks: must A be free? This splitting requirement is equivalent to the condition Ext$^1$(A, Z) = 0. Abelian groups A satisfying this condition are sometimes called Whitehead groups, so Whitehead's problem asks: is every Whitehead group free? It should be mentioned that if this condition is strengthened by requiring that the exact sequence
    $0\rightarrow C\rightarrow B\rightarrow A\rightarrow 0$
must split for any abelian group C, then it is well known that this is equivalent to A being free.
Caution: The converse of Whitehead's problem, namely that every free abelian group is Whitehead, is a well known group-theoretical fact. Some authors call Whitehead group only a non-free group A satisfying Ext$^1$(A, Z) = 0. Whitehead's problem then asks: do Whitehead groups exist?

## Shelah's proof

Saharon Shelah showed that, given the canonical ZFC axiom system, the problem is independent of the usual axioms of set theory. More precisely, he showed that:
* If every set is constructible, then every Whitehead group is free;
* If Martin's axiom and the negation of the continuum hypothesis both hold, then there is a non-free Whitehead group.
Since the consistency of ZFC implies the consistency of both of the following:
* The axiom of constructibility (which asserts that all sets are constructible);
* Martin's axiom plus the negation of the continuum hypothesis,
Whitehead's problem cannot be resolved in ZFC.

## Discussion

J. H. C. Whitehead, motivated by the second Cousin problem, first posed the problem in the 1950s. Stein answered the question in the affirmative for countable groups. Progress for larger groups was slow, and the problem was considered an important one in algebra for some years.
Shelah's result was completely unexpected. While the existence of undecidable statements had been known since Gödel's incompleteness theorem of 1931, previous examples of undecidable statements (such as the continuum hypothesis) had all been in pure set theory. The Whitehead problem was the first purely algebraic problem to be proved undecidable.
Shelah later showed that the Whitehead problem remains undecidable even if one assumes the continuum hypothesis. In fact, it remains undecidable even under the generalised continuum hypothesis. The Whitehead conjecture is true if all sets are constructible. That this and other statements about uncountable abelian groups are provably independent of ZFC shows that the theory of such groups is very sensitive to the assumed underlying set theory.
# Ponzio's

Ponzio's is a family style diner, bar, and bakery located in Cherry Hill, New Jersey at the former Ellisburg Circle. Ponzio's opened in 1964 and is a popular eatery in the Philadelphia metropolitan area, hosting families, power brokers, and celebrities. It is considered an iconic location and is known as Cherry Hill's oldest restaurant.
The diner went through many different owners over the years and has remained a family business ever since it opened. In 1979, the diner made some major renovations. In 1984, the bar room was built. Recent changes of the bar were made in 2005, where plasma televisions were added, along with other renovations.
Ponzio's uses the slogan "Not Your Typical Diner" and is said to have employed over 10,000 people.
# Line 2 (Jinan Metro)

vteLine 2 :
Legend :
Jinan Metro Line 2 (Chinese: 济南地铁2号线; pinyin: Jǐnán Dìtiě Èr Hào Xiàn) is a rapid transit line in Jinan, Shandong, China. The line uses six-car Type B rolling stock. The line is 36.39 kilometres (22.61 mi) in length, including a 34.8-kilometre (21.6-mile)-long underground section. The line began operation on 26 March 2021.

## Significance

Prior to the opening of Line 2, Jinan Metro consisted of the separate Line 1 and Line 3 with no means of transfer between them. Line 2 runs east to west and interchanges with both existing lines. It is Jinan's first fully automated (GoA4) subway line.

## Stations

| Station Name | Station Name | Connections | Distance km | Distance km | District |
| English | Chinese | Connections | Distance km | Distance km | District |
| Wangfuzhuang | 王府庄 | 1 | | | Huaiyin |
| Lashannan | 腊山南 | | | | Huaiyin |
| Lashan | 腊山 | | | | Huaiyin |
| Erhuanxilu | 二环西路 | | | | Huaiyin |
| Laotun | 老屯 | | | | Huaiyin |
| Baliqiao | 八里桥 | | | | Tianqiao |
| Yikanglu | 益康路 | | | | Tianqiao |
| Jinan Railway Station North | 济南站北 | | | | Tianqiao |
| Jiluolu | 济泺路 | | | | Tianqiao |
| Shengchanlu | 生产路 | | | | Tianqiao |
| Beiyuan | 北园 | | | | Tianqiao |
| Lishanlu | 历山路 | | | | Tianqiao |
| Qilipu | 七里堡 | | | | Licheng |
| Zhudian | 祝甸 | | | | Licheng |
| Bajianpu | 八涧堡 | 3 | | | Lixia |
| Jiangjiazhuang | 姜家庄 | | | | Lixia |
| Fenghuanglu | 凤凰路 | | | | Licheng |
| Baoshan | 鲍山 | | | | Licheng |
| Pengjiazhuang | 彭家庄 | | | | Licheng |
# Harry Daniels (British Army officer)

Lieutenant Colonel Harry Daniels VC MC (13 December 1884 − 13 December 1953) was a British Army officer and an English recipient of the Victoria Cross (VC), the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.
Harry Daniels was the thirteenth child of a baker in Wymondham, Norfolk. He joined the British Army at a young age and served abroad in India.
He was 30 years old, and a Company Sergeant-Major in the 2nd Battalion of The Rifle Brigade (Prince Consort's Own), British Army during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC.
On 12 March 1915 at Neuve Chapelle, France, his unit was ordered into an advance on the German trenches across no-man's land which was covered by machine guns and strewn with barbed wire. Daniels and another man, Cecil Reginald Noble, voluntarily rushed in front with cutters and attacked the wires They were both wounded at once, Noble dying later of his wounds.
For further activities on the Western Front he was awarded the Military Cross (MC) and later achieved the rank of lieutenant colonel, having been commissioned as a second lieutenant in July 1915.
Daniels was a Freemason and was initiated into Aldershot Camp Lodge No. 1331 on 24 April 1920.
His VC is displayed at the Royal Green Jackets (Rifles) Museum at Winchester, England. He died having no children.
A road is named for him in his home town, Wymondham.
# Tarner Island

Tarner Island is a triangular shaped island in Loch Bracadale just off the coast off the Harlosh peninsula of Skye in Scotland. It is about 28 hectares (69 acres) in extent and is 0.65 miles at its longest by 0.33 miles at its widest
The coastline is largely cliff-lined and rocky however slopes down to the northernmost part of the island at which point it is possible to land by small boat or kayak.
Tarner Island is dotted with small sea caves around the perimeter, many large enough to kayak into, and there is a natural arch to the north. The west of the island is dominated by cliffs and a large leaning boulder, known as 'Fingal's Limpet Hammer'. ("A huge block of trap, which has slipped from the face of a cliff in one of the islands of Loch Bracadale in Skye, is called ' Ord-bàirnich Fhinn,' Fingal's limpet-hammer."
Tarner Island is 0.5 miles from mainland Skye at its nearest point and there are several skerries including Sgeir Mhòr and Sgeir Bheag that lie just offshore to the north east between the island and Colbost Head. Grey seals frequent these skerries and can be seen in numbers around Tarner Island.
The island of Wiay lies 0.7 miles to the south, the tidal island of Oronsay lies 1.7 miles southeast and Harlosh Island is a mile to the west.
There is a large colony of Common Gulls which nest on the shore as well as Oystercatchers and other gulls. Cormorants nest in numbers around the coast.
# Gilbert Henderson

Gilbert J. Henderson (5 September 1926 – 30 January 2017) was a Canadian sports shooter. He competed in the trap event at the 1960 Summer Olympics.
# Wake Up & Ball

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Wake Up & Ball is the second and final studio album by American West Coast hip hop duo The Comrads. It was released on June 27, 2000, via Hoo-Bangin'/Priority Records. Production was handled by Binky Mack, Fredwreck, Young Tre, DJ BattleCat, Meech Wells, Keith Clizark, Ant Banks, VMF and the Comrads' Terrell "Gangsta" Anderson. It features guest appearances from Krayzie Bone, Mack 10, MC Eiht and Snoop Dogg. The album peaked at #153 on the Billboard 200 albums chart in the United States.

## Charts

| Chart (2000) | Peak position |
| US Billboard 200 | 153 |
| US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums (Billboard) | 28 |
| US Heatseekers Albums (Billboard) | 8 |
# Kamal Hanna Bathish

Kamal-Hanna Bathish (Arabic: كمال حنا بطحيش, Hebrew: כמאל-חנא בטחיש; born on 6 December 1931 in Nazareth, Mandatory Palestine) is a Palestinian Catholic prelate who served as auxiliary bishop of the Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem from 1993 to 2007.

## Life

Kamal-Hanna Bathish received in 1955 his ordination to the priesthood. In 1993 he was appointed a bishop by Pope John Paul II. Bathish was appointed Titular Bishop of Aurusuliana and appointed auxiliary bishop of the Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem. He received his episcopal consecration on July 3, 1993, by the Patriarch of Jerusalem, Michel Sabbah and were his co-consecrators Salim Sayegh (Catholic bishop) and Guerino Dominique Picchi. On October 29, 1994, Kamal Hanna Bathish was appointed Titular Bishop of Ierichus. He continued to work in Jerusalem as a bishop until his retirement on 9 June 2007.
# Safiya Hassan Sheikh Ali Jimale

Safiya Hassan Sheikh Ali Jimale is a Somali politician. She was the Mayor of Beledweyne from 27 May 2019 to 30 July 2020. Safiya was the country's first female mayor after the Somali Civil War.
Safiya is the granddaughter of Sheikh Ali Jimale, who served as the Minister for Labour and Social Affairs during the trusteeship period as well as the newly independent Somali Republic.
# Nick McBride

Philip Nicholas McBride is an Australian politician. He has been a member of the South Australian House of Assembly since the 2018 state election, representing MacKillop.
McBride, a grazier, was president of the Grassland Society of South Australia in 2017.
His great-grandfather was Sir Philip McBride, a founding member of the Liberal Party of Australia and Minister for Defence in the Menzies Government.
McBride was a member of the Liberal Party until 5 July 2023, when he announced that he was quitting the party to sit as an independent in the House of Assembly. He cited “dark forces” and "divisive factionalism" within the South Australia Liberal Party as the reason for his decision, generally considered to be a reference to the SA Liberal’s increasingly right-wing positions, and the dramatic increase of conservative Pentecostal party members.
# New York at War

"New York at War" was a military parade and civilian home front procession held supporting the World War II mobilization effort on June 13, 1942. It was considered at the time the largest parade ever held in New York City, with up to 500,000 marching up Fifth Avenue (from Washington Square Park to 79th Street) and 2,500,000 spectators in attendance.
The parade coincided with a global "United Nations Day" launched by President Franklin Roosevelt tied to US Flag Day on June 14, six months after the Declaration by United Nations.
Hugo Gellert led a committee of artists that designed the approximately 300 floats in the parade.
The march was organized by Mayor Fiorello H. La Guardia as honorary chairman, his deputy Grover Whalen as chairman, and General Hugh Aloysius Drum as grand marshal. Other dignitaries on the reviewing stand included Governor Herbert H. Lehman, Vice President Henry A. Wallace, the exiled King George II of Greece and Prime Minister Emmanouil Tsouderos, President of the Philippines Manuel L. Quezon, Duchess of Windsor Wallis Simpson, and Princess Märtha of Sweden.
Despite a celebration of groups including German Americans and Italian Americans, Japanese Americans were excluded from the march, leading to objections from the American Civil Liberties Union.
# Presence and Instant Messaging

Presence and Instant Messaging (PRIM) was an early proposal to the IETF of a standard protocol for instant messaging.
The abstract model was first published as a pair of IETF Request for Comments, RFC 2778 "A Model for Presence and Instant Messaging" and RFC 2779 "Instant Messaging / Presence Protocol Requirements" in February 2000, which was authored by Mark Day of SightPath (formerly of Lotus Software where helped develop IBM Lotus Sametime, now Chief Scientist at Riverbed Technology), Jonathan Rosenberg of dynamicsoft (now the Chief Technology Officer and Vice President of Collaboration at Cisco Systems) and Hiroyasu Sugano of Fujitsu Laboratories LtdLtd.
No work has been done on it since 2001. Currently, SIP and its derivative SIMPLE (both of which Jonathan Rosenberg also co-authored or invented), and XMPP are being considered for use as instant messaging protocols.
These were Informational RFCs, which describe the model and requirements for the way an Instant Messaging Protocol should work on the Internet. A new working group - the Instant Messaging and Presence Protocol group was established to develop the model in more detail.
# Momodora: Moonlit Farewell

Momodora: Moonlit Farewell is an indie Metroidvania video game developed by Bombservice and published by Playism. It was originally released on January 11, 2024 for Microsoft Windows. Moonlit Farewell is the 5th game in the Momodora series and continues the story from Momodora III with returning protagonist Momo Reinol. The game features Metroidvania gameplay similar to the previous game in the series, Momodora: Reverie Under the Moonlight.

## Gameplay

Momodora: Moonlit Farewell is a 2D side-scrolling Metroidvania. The player controls priestess Momo Reinol as she explores an interconnected series of areas. As she explores, she collects items which make her more powerful, and unlocks new abilities which can be used to access different areas of the game world. Much of the gameplay involves fighting monsters and bosses. Like the previous game in the series, Momo can perform melee attacks with a leaf, and long ranged attacks using a bow. New gameplay features in Moonlit Farewell include a stamina system that limits how much the player can sprint and dodge, and a "sigil" system where the player can equip a limited number of sigils that provide unique gameplay effects.
A free game update added a new post-game boss fight, boss rush mode, and an updated fishing minigame.

## Plot

Protagonist Momo Reinol's home village of Koho is attacked by demons, and she sets out to track down the culprit, and recover the magical bell that was used to summon the demons. Moonlit Farewell is set 5 years after Momodora III and concludes the ongoing story of the series. Reoccurring series protagonist Isadora Doralina also appears in the game, but is not a playable character.

## Reception

Aggregate score :
| Aggregator | Score |
| Metacritic | PC: 84/100 |
Review scores :
| Publication | Score |
| Destructoid | 8.5/10 |
| Jeuxvideo.com | 15/20 |
| The Games Machine (Italy) | 8/10 |
Momodora: Moonlit Farewell received an 84/100 aggregate review score on Metacritic, indicating "generally favorable reviews".
Daniel Bueno from Siliconera rated the game 9/10 saying, "While the game doesn’t do anything new with the Metroidvania genre, Moonlit Farewell delivers a simple, elegant and polished adventure with tight platforming, fun and elegant combat, and a fabulous art style." Joseph Luster from Destructoid praised the game's pixel art and soundtrack, and described the bosses as "pretty simple but fun to fight."
# Automorphic function

In mathematics, an automorphic function is a function on a space that is invariant under the action of some group, in other words a function on the quotient space. Often the space is a complex manifold and the group is a discrete group.

## Factor of automorphy

In mathematics, the notion of factor of automorphy arises for a group acting on a complex-analytic manifold. Suppose a group $G$ acts on a complex-analytic manifold $X$. Then, $G$ also acts on the space of holomorphic functions from $X$ to the complex numbers. A function $f$ is termed an automorphic form if the following holds:
    $f(g.x)=j_{g}(x)f(x)$
where $j_{g}(x)$ is an everywhere nonzero holomorphic function. Equivalently, an automorphic form is a function whose divisor is invariant under the action of $G$.
The factor of automorphy for the automorphic form $f$ is the function $j$. An automorphic function is an automorphic form for which $j$ is the identity.
Some facts about factors of automorphy:
* Every factor of automorphy is a cocycle for the action of $G$ on the multiplicative group of everywhere nonzero holomorphic functions.
* The factor of automorphy is a coboundary if and only if it arises from an everywhere nonzero automorphic form.
* For a given factor of automorphy, the space of automorphic forms is a vector space.
* The pointwise product of two automorphic forms is an automorphic form corresponding to the product of the corresponding factors of automorphy.
Relation between factors of automorphy and other notions:
* Let $\Gamma$ be a lattice in a Lie group $G$. Then, a factor of automorphy for $\Gamma$ corresponds to a line bundle on the quotient group $G/\Gamma$. Further, the automorphic forms for a given factor of automorphy correspond to sections of the corresponding line bundle.
The specific case of $\Gamma$ a subgroup of SL(2, R), acting on the upper half-plane, is treated in the article on automorphic factors.

## Examples

* Kleinian group – Discrete group of Möbius transformations
* Elliptic modular function – Modular function in mathematicsPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
* Modular function – Analytic function on the upper half-plane with a certain behavior under the modular groupPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
* Complex torus