OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1589 in literature

This article presents lists of the literary events and publications in 1589.

## Events

* January – The Children of Paul's perform twice at the English royal court during the first two weeks of the year.
* March – Marprelate Controversy: Bishop Thomas Cooper's Admonition prompts Marprelate's response in the form of a tract entitled Hay any Worke for Cooper.
* July – John Penry's printing press produces two tracts purporting to be by sons of Martin Marprelate, but probably by Martin himself: Theses Martinianae by "Martin Junior", and The Just Censure of Martin Junior by "Martin Senior".
* 1588–1589 – This is the earliest probable date for the composition of Christopher Marlowe's The Tragicall History of the Life and Death of Doctor Faustus and its first performance, in London.

## New books
### Prose

* Jane Anger – Jane Anger her protection for women, to defend them against the scandalous reportes of a late surfeiting lover, and all other like venerians that complaine so to bee overcloyed with women's kindnesse
* Thoinot Arbeau – Orchésographie
* Giovanni Botero – Della ragione di Stato (The Reason of State)
* Robert Greene – Menaphon
* Richard Hakluyt – The Principal Navigations, Voiages, Traffiques and Discoueries of the English Nation, vol. 1
* John Lyly (attr.) – Pappe with an Hatchet (Part of the Marprelate Controversy)
* George Puttenham (probable author) – The Arte of English Poesie
* Lorenzo Scupoli – Il combattimento spirituale
* Water Margin (水浒传, Shui Hu Zhuan; earliest known complete printed edition)

### Drama

* Girolamo Bargagli – La Pellegrina (The Pilgrim Woman)
* Robert Greene – Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay
* Thomas Kyd? – Hamlet (the "Ur-Hamlet", latest date)
* Christopher Marlowe – The Jew of Malta (probably written 1589–90)
* George Peele? – The Troublesome Reign of King John (approximate year)
* The Rare Triumphs of Love and Fortune (anonymous; published)

### Poetry

* Anne Dowriche (AD) – The French Historie
* Christopher Marlowe – The Passionate Shepherd to His Love

## Births

* March 3 – Gisbertus Voetius, Dutch Calvinist theologian (died 1676)
* Unknown dates
** Heinrich Petraeus, German physician and writer (died 1620)
** Antonio de León Pinelo, Peru-born Spanish historian (died c. 1675)

## Deaths

* March 22 – Lodovico Guicciardini, Italian merchant and writer (born 1521)
* March 23 – Marcin Kromer, Polish historian (born 1512)
* July 1 – Christophe Plantin, French-born Dutch printer (born c. 1520)
* August 31 – Jurij Dalmatin, Slovenian writer and translator (born c. 1547)
* September 16 – Michael Baius, Belgian theologian (born 1513)
* September 19 – Jean-Antoine de Baïf, French poet (born 1532)
* October 12 – Samuel de Medina, Talmudist and author from Thessaloniki (born 1505)
* October 15 – Jacopo Zabarella, Italian philosopher (born 1532)
* Unknown date – Thomas Sampson, English theologian and translator (born c. 1517)
# Jeff Bregel

Jeffrey Bryan Bregel (born May 1, 1964) is an American former professional football player who was a guard for three seasons with the San Francisco 49ers of the National Football League (NFL) during the late 1980s.
Bregel was born in Redondo Beach, California, and played scholastically at John F. Kennedy High School in Los Angeles.
He played college football for the USC Trojans, where he was a two-time consensus All-American. As a senior, he was also an Academic All-American and the recipient of a National Football Foundation National Scholar-Athlete Award.
He was selected by the 49ers in the second round of the 1987 NFL draft, and spent his entire career with them.
Pre-draft measurables :
| Height | Weight | Arm length | Hand span | 40-yard dash | 10-yard split | 20-yard split | 20-yard shuttle | Vertical jump | Broad jump | Bench press |
| 6 ft 4+1⁄4 in (1.94 m) | 279 lb (127 kg) | 31 in (0.79 m) | 9+3⁄4 in (0.25 m) | 5.40 s | 1.86 s | 3.13 s | 4.63 s | 28.5 in (0.72 m) | 9 ft 0 in (2.74 m) | 20 reps |
# Bella Zilfa Spencer

Bella Zilfa Spencer (March 1, 1840 – August 1, 1867) was an English-born American novelist and early editor of the Saturday Evening Post, She was the first wife of future US Senator George Eliphaz Spencer.
Bella Zilfa Spencer was born on March 1, 1840 in London. According to an account of her life published in 1867 she was the daughter of an English man, the second son of a Sir Edward St. Alban, and an Italian mother. The family settled in West Virginia, where she was orphaned and raised by a foster family. She married at the age of 15, but by 1860 her husband and two children were dead.
She published numerous short stories in magazines like Godey's Lady's Book and Harper's Magazine and several novels and collections of stories. She was an editor of the Saturday Evening Post in Philadelphia and later purchased a share of the ownership.
In 1862, she married George E. Spencer. George Spencer was a Union Army General during the American Civil War. Following the war, he practiced law in Alabama before becoming a politician there. Bella Spencer died in Tuscaloosa, Alabama on 1 August 1867.
# Andrei Zaharov

Andrei Zaharov (born October 10, 1975) is a Moldovan former swimmer, who specialized in freestyle and individual medley events. Zaharov represented Moldova at four Olympics (1996 in Atlanta, 2000 in Sydney, 2004 in Athens, and 2008 in Beijing).
Zaharov also became one of the five swimmers to represent Moldova at his nation's first Olympics in Atlanta, since it gained independence from the former Soviet Union in 1991. He competed for the 200 m and 400 m freestyle events, where he set a national record and produced fair results in each event. Zaharov continued his quest at the Olympics, when he qualified for the 200 m individual medley, placing forty-seventh in Sydney, and thirty-ninth in Athens. For his fourth Olympics in Beijing, Zaharov decided to compete for the men's 200 m freestyle event, through a wild card place. He swam in the second heat of the event, finishing only in last place and fifty-sixth overall, with a time of 1:58.62.
# Bates's swift

Bates's swift (Apus batesi) is a species of small swift in the family Apodidae which is found in western Africa.

## Description

Bates's swift is a small, slender swift with a deeply forked tail which is often held closed to form a point. It has a glossy black plumage with an indistinct pale patch on the throat. It is normally silent but makes a high-pitched trill near the nest. They are 14 cm in length.

## Distribution

Bates's swift is found from Liberia and Guinea then patchily eastwards to Ghana, Nigeria and Cameroon, south to Gabon and the northern Congo. Its presence in Sierra Leone is unconfirmed, as are reports from the eastern democratic Republic of Congo.

## Habitat

Bates's swift is a rainforest species and is found in areas close to cliffs and crags.

## Habits

Bates's swift forages above the canopy of the rainforest using a fluttering flight, with short periods of gliding occasionally interrupting the rapid wing beats. It may be seen singly, or in small flocks and in mixed flocks with other swifts and hirundines. It nests solitarily in the old nests of hirundines and other swifts, mainly forest swallow and possibly mottled spinetail and lesser striped swallow. Breeding has been recorded in September to March in Gabon and egg laying has been noted in Cameroon in May and June.

## Taxonomy and naming

Recent molecular studies have placed this species in a clade with white-rumped swift, horus swift, house swift and little swift.
Its common name and Latin binomial commemorate George Latimer Bates (1863–1940), an American naturalist who traveled in West Africa.
# Cedar River (New York)

The Cedar River is a 38.5-mile-long (62.0 km) river in the central Adirondacks, in Hamilton County, New York. It rises at the outlet of Cedar Lake in the Town of Arietta and flows northeast into the Town of Lake Pleasant, where it passes through the Cedar River Flow. Continuing northeast and east, it passes through the Town of Indian Lake and remote corners of the Towns of Minerva and Newcomb to join the Hudson River northeast of the hamlet of Indian Lake. The Northville-Placid Trail goes past the Cedar Lakes and along the Cedar River to the flow.

## Cedar River Flow

The Cedar River Flow, located on the river, is a remote 640-acre (2.6 km$^2$) shallow lake, created by the Wakely Dam. The Flow is located 14 miles (23 km) from Indian Lake, New York.

## Islands

* Elm Island – Located north of Indian Lake.
# Dipaenae

Dipaenae is a genus of moths in the subfamily Arctiinae. The genus was erected by Francis Walker in 1854.

## Species

* Dipaenae contenta
* Dipaenae eucera
* Dipaenae ferruginosa
* Dipaenae incontenta
* Dipaenae moesta
* Dipaenae romani
* Dipaenae salcedo
* Dipaenae zygaenoides
# A. lobata

A. lobata may refer to:
* Aaptos lobata, a sea sponge
* Abraxas lobata, a synonym of Abraxas capitata, an Indian moth
* Acompomintho lobata, a blowfly
* Aedia lobata, a synonym of Catephia lobata, an Indonesian moth
* Arachnorchis lobata, a synonym of Caladenia lobata, commonly known as the butterfly orchid, a West Australian plant
* Argiope lobata, an orb-weaver spider found in Africa, southern Europe, and Asia
* Argyrotaenia lobata, a Bolivian moth
* Arrhenia lobata, an agaric fungus
* Aspidimorpha lobata, an Asian leaf beetle
* Astraea lobata, a plant native to the Americas
# Tibbie Shiel

Tibbie Shiel (1783–1878) was a Scottish inn keeper who ran Tibbie Shiel's Inn on St Mary's Loch in the Scottish Borders and was known to many authors and poets, and the subject of numerous literary works.

## Life

She was born Isabella Shiel in 1783, in Ettrick to Walter Shiel and his wife Mary. She was generally known by the pet name "Tibbie". She received only basic schooling and was employed generally on farm work in the Scottish Borders including working on the Ettrick sheep farm of Robert Hogg (1729-1820), where she certainly first encountered his son, James Hogg, later to become a famous poet.
In 1806 she married Robert Richardson, a molecatcher by trade. They had three sons and three daughters. In 1823 the family moved to the idyllic spot of St Mary's Cottage at the south end of St Mary's Loch. The lands were owned by Lord Napier. Her husband died in 1824, soon after the move, and Tibbie was forced to support her family by taking in travellers. As the house stood close to the old coach road from Selkirk to Moffat, in an appealing location, this proved successful.
The inn served ale and food and had 13 guest bedrooms. Its fame quickly grew for its hospitality and the beauty of its surroundings. Although occasionally referenced as "Mrs Richardson" she was generally known by her maiden name, Tibbie Shiel.
As a close friend of James Hogg she said of him "he wrote a deal of trash but was a sensible man".
Her son William ("Wullie") Shiel lived with her in her old age at the Inn, and appears with her in 19th century postcards.
She died on 23 July 1878 at age 95. She is buried near her parents in Ettrick churchyard to the south-east. Her ghost allegedly haunts the inn.

## Modern survival of the Inn

The old coach road is now the A708. It is supplemented by the Southern Upland Way and so is a frequent calling point for hikers.
In 1985 a dinner at the inn marked the 150th anniversary of James Hogg's death.
From 1986 to 2007 the Inn was run by Jill Brown.
Since 2008 the Inn has been owned by the Moody family.
In 2015 the family threatened to close the Inn due to anti-social behaviour from a nearby campsite. The inn is currently (2018) closed to the public.

## Known Visitors

* James Hogg (frequent)
* Sir Walter Scott
* William Wordsworth
* Robert Louis Stevenson
* Thomas Carlyle and his wife Jane Welsh Carlyle
* Thomas Stoddart
* William Gladstone
* Robert Chambers
* Christopher North
Less reliable sources state that Robert Burns was a visitor, but as Burns died in 1796 this is physically impossible.

## Literary Recognition

Many of Christopher North's 71 Noctes Ambrosianae in Blackwood's Magazine mention Tibbie Shiel's Inn and St Mary's Loch, and did much to further promote its fame.
Robert Chambers' "Picture of Scotland" (1827) also recommends the Inn.
Hogg refers to it in multiple works and his statue now stands nearby overlooking the loch.
# Buddhi Karna Raya Khebang Limbu

Buddhi Karna Khebang Limbu(Khebang) (Nepali : बुद्धिकर्ण खेबांग लिम्बु ) was the last Limbu overlord king of Limbuwan. He was killed by the forces of Gorkhali king Prithvi Narayan Shah in AD 1774. The Limbuwan lands where he was king or overlord king were between Saptakoshi River to Kankai River covering present day three districts: Sunsari, Morang and parts of Jhapa. After Buddhi Karna's death the later kings in Limbuwan acknowledged the overlordship of the Gurkha King. It was about the time of Buddhi Karna's death that the Gorkha Kingdom was transformed into Nepal. His death was connected with the Limbuwan–Gorkha war.

## Rise of Budhhi Karna

After the assassination of Kama Datta Sen, Buddhi Karna came to Bijaypur and became the last Limbu king of Morang and Subba of Limbuwan. On hearing of the death of King Kama Datta Sen, all the states that made up Limbuwan and their allies split up. The kings of Limbuwan no longer had allegiance to Buddhi Karna. He needed able ministers and chiefs to assist him in ruling Morang and all of Limbuwan. He sent people to look for King (Hang) Shamo Hang Chemjong of Miklung Bodhey Kingdom to help him.

## Death of Budhhi Karna

He was tricked into coming to Bijaypur- (Limbuwan) present day Dharan for a negotiation, then killed by the agents of Gorkha Kingdom King Prithvi Narayan Shah in AD 1773, Budhhi Karna Khebang's soul is believed to have wandered around the area of his tomb (Budha Subba Temple) around Bijaypur and was said to be a friendly and helpful spirit. Then local Limbu people started worshiping the soul as an old Limbu king (Hang) believing it to bring good luck. In Limbu language Hang means King.
# Al-Nizariyah

Al-Nizariyya Arabic: النزارية, romanized: al-Nīzārīyya) is a village in central Syria, administratively part of the Homs Governorate, located southwest of Homs. It is situated off the Orontes River and at the northeastern border of Lebanon. Nearby localities include Zita al-Gharbiyah to the northwest, Rableh and al-Qusayr to the north and Hisyah further to the east. According to the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Nazariya had a population of 3,813 in the 2004 census.
On 19 October 2011, during the Syrian uprising against the government of Bashar al-Assad, opposition activists claimed two people were killed by security forces in Nazariya. On 26 March 2012, human rights group Avaaz stated one of its activists, Jassim Khaled Diab, was detained by Syrian authorities.
# Chacon Creek (Nueces River tributary)

Chacon Creek, is a stream tributary to the Nueces River via Picosa Creek, Turkey Creek, Espantosa Slough and into the Nueces through Line Oak or Soldier Sloughs. Its source is at the conjunction of Elm Creek with Salado Creek, 28°53′33″N 100°10′38″W﻿ / ﻿28.89250°N 100.17722°W﻿ / 28.89250; -100.17722, in Maverick County. Its mouth is at its confluence with Picosa Creek in Zavala County, Texas.
# Hans Zantema

Hans Zantema (1956 - 28 January 2025) was a Dutch mathematician and computer scientist, and professor at Radboud University in Nijmegen, known for his work on termination analysis.

## Biography

Born in Goingarijp, the Netherlands, Zantema received his PhD in algebraic number theory in 1983 at the University of Amsterdam under supervision of Hendrik Lenstra Jr. for the thesis, entitled "Integer Valued Polynomials in Algebraic Number Theory."
After graduation, Zantema spent a few years of employment in the industry before he switched to computer science: from 1987 to 2000 at Utrecht University and since 2000 at Eindhoven University of Technology.
Since 2007 he was also a part-time full professor at Radboud University in Nijmegen. His main achievements are in term rewriting systems, in particular in automatically proving termination of term rewriting. His name is attached to Zantema's problem, namely whether the string rewrite system 0011 -> 111000 terminates.
He also contributed to the theory and especially the visualisation of streams. This led to the book "Playing with Infinity".

## Selected publications

* Zantema, Hans. 1983. Integer Valued Polynomials in Algebraic Number Theory. PhD thesis
* Zantema, Hans. 2007 De achterkant van Sudoku. Oplossen, programmeren en ontwerpen. Aramith Hersengymnastiek.
Articles, a selection:
* Zantema, Hans. "Termination of term rewriting: interpretation and type elimination." Journal of Symbolic Computation 17.1 (1994): 23–50.
* Zantema, Hans. "Termination of term rewriting by semantic labelling." Fundamenta Informaticae 24.1 (1995): 89-105.
* Endrullis, Jörg, Johannes Waldmann, and Hans Zantema. "Matrix interpretations for proving termination of term rewriting Archived 2014-10-22 at the Wayback Machine." Journal of Automated Reasoning 40.2-3 (2008): 195–220.
# Minnigaff Hills

The Minnigaff Hills are a range of hills in the Galloway Hills range, part of the Southern Uplands of Scotland. A southerly range, they are perpendicular to the Range of the Awful Hand, Dungeon Hills and Rhinns of Kells to the north. In total, these four ranges are part of the Galloway Forest Park.

## The Hills

The hills of the range are the second lowest of the Galloway Hills with the highest hill, Lamachan Hill, reaching 717m, but cover a much more circular area. They are located entirely within Dumfries and Galloway and, despite the name, are most commonly ascended from nearby Glen Trool to the north, albeit more steeply, rather than Minnigaff itself to the south. A common round takes in Lamachan Hill and Curleywee with the option of Larg Hill, however the most easterly and isolated Donald, Millfore, is normally ascended on its own. The higher summits broadly form an 'N' shape and contain far more divergent satellite ridges and individual hills than the other three ranges.
From west to east (excluding all satellite ridges) the hills are:
| Summit | Height (m) | Listing |
| Larg Hill | 676 | Tu,Sim, D,GT,DN |
| Lamachan Hill | 717 | Ma,Hu,Tu,Sim, G, D,DN,Y |
| Scars of Milldown | 602.9 | Tu,Sim,DDew |
| Curleywee | 674 | Hu,Tu,Sim, D,GT,DN,Y |
| Bennan Hill | 547 | Tu,5,DDew |
| Gairy of Pulnee | 581 | Tu,5,DDew |
| Millfore | 657 | Ma,Hu,Tu,Sim, G, D,DN,Y |
| Cairngarroch | 557 | Tu,5,DDew |
| Craignell | 477 | Ma,Hu,Tu,4,Y |

## Ecology

The SSSI Cairnbaber, lies on the northeast slopes of Millfore and is an example of a SNH priority habitat, Inland Rock Outcrops.

## Etymology

A Scottish Gaelic influence is clear on a number of hills in the range; 'Curleywee' is said to come from cor le gaeith (hill in the wind) and 'Millfore' from meall fuar (cold round hill). 'Larg Hill' may derive from Irish: learg (slopes of a hill). An area of land was historically given to the Mackie of Larg by Robert the Bruce; known still as Cumloden, just north of Minnigaff and 5 miles from Larg Hill itself. 'Lamachan Hill', historically 'Lommachan', may derive from Irish: loma (bare).
# Fox Atomic

Fox Atomic was a short-lived production and distribution label of film studios 20th Century Fox and Fox Searchlight Pictures created in 2006 to generate comedy and genre films.
In 2008, following overall disappointing results, Fox Atomic scaled back its production operations and shut down all marketing divisions. In 2009, the label was shut down, with films in development transferred to other Fox labels.
All of the Fox Atomic film library are now owned by The Walt Disney Company via Walt Disney Studios, following Disney's acquisition of 21st Century Fox on March 20, 2019.

## History

In late 2006, Fox Atomic was started up as a label of 20th Century Fox under Fox Searchlight head Peter Rice and COO John Hegeman as a sibling production division under Fox Filmed Entertainment. In early 2008, Atomic's marketing unit was transferred to Fox Searchlight and 20th Century Fox, when Hegeman moved to New Regency Productions. Debbie Liebling became president. After two middling successes and falling short with other films, the unit was shut down in April 2009. The remaining films under the Atomic label in production and post-productions were transferred to 20th Century Fox and Fox Searchlight with Liebling overseeing them.

## Films

| Title | Release Date |
| Turistas | December 1, 2006 |
| The Hills Have Eyes 2 | March 23, 2007 |
| 28 Weeks Later | May 11, 2007 |
| The Comebacks | October 19, 2007 |
| The Rocker | August 20, 2008 |
| Miss March | March 6, 2009 |
| 12 Rounds | March 27, 2009 |

### Films in production at shutting down and transferred to other Fox units

* I Love You, Beth Cooper (July 10, 2009); 20th Century Fox release
* Post Grad (August 21, 2009); 20th Century Fox release
* Jennifer's Body (September 18, 2009); 20th Century Fox release

### Canceled projects

In 2006, it was announced that Fox Atomic was going to make one of their launching movies a remake of the 1984 film Revenge of the Nerds. After two weeks of filming, an executive at Fox Atomic viewed the film's dailies and made the decision to stop production of the film. The film's cancellation was also due to potential filming location Emory University refusing to lend its campus to the production.

## Fox Atomic Comics

Fox Atomic Comics was formed in late 2006 as the graphic novel publishing arm of Fox Atomic. In partnership with publisher (and corporate sibling) HarperCollins, Fox Atomic Comics produced and distributed graphic novels tied to Fox Atomic theatrical releases as well as original content. It closed, along with Fox Atomic, in 2009.
The editor-in-chief of Fox Atomic Comics was R. Eric Lieb.
All of the Fox Atomic Comics library are now owned by The Walt Disney Company, following Disney's acquisition of 21st Century Fox on March 20, 2019.

### Graphic novels

* 28 Days Later: The Aftermath
* The Hills Have Eyes: The Beginning
* The Nightmare Factory
* The Nightmare Factory: Volume 2
# Winter's Diary 5

Winter's Diary 5 is the fifth studio album by American rapper and singer Tink, released on July 12, 2024, through Winter's Diary and Empire Distribution. It is the fifth installment of the Winter's Diary series started by Tink in 2012. In order to promote the album, Tink joined Jhené Aiko's The Magic Hour tour as an opening act.

## Background

Three singles were released prior to the album. The lead single, Charged Up, was released on April 10, 2024, accompanied by a music video. The second single, Huh, was released on May 10, 2024 and the "sultry, Sam Brave-directed music video" premiered on the same day. The final single before the album release, Songs About U, featuring Summer Walker was released on May 31, 2024. The Source described the collaboration as "a testament to the enduring allure of R&B, transcending boundaries and leaving a lasting impact on contemporary music".

## Personnel

* Tink – vocals
* Mike Seaberg – mastering, engineering, mixing on all tracks except "Songs About U"
* Jaycen Joshua – mastering and mixing on all tracks except "Songs About U", engineering on "Charged Up" and "Bless Me Don't Stress Me"
* Nigel Johnston – mixing on "Songs About U"
* Jesse Jazz – recording
* Shawn "Source" Jarrett – recording on "Charged Up"

## Charts

Chart performance for Winter's Diary 5 :
| Chart (2024) | Peak position |
| US Billboard 200 | 140 |
| US Independent Albums (Billboard) | 24 |
| US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums (Billboard) | 48 |