# Landsberg am Lech

Landsberg am Lech (Landsberg at the Lech) is a town in southwest Bavaria, Germany, about 65 kilometers west of Munich and 35 kilometers south of Augsburg. It is the capital of the district of Landsberg am Lech.

## History
### Salt road

Landsberg is situated on the Romantic Road and is the center of the Lechrain region, the boundary region between Swabia and Bavaria. Landsberg am Lech developed where a major historic salt road crossed over the Lech. To protect the bridge, Duke Henry the Lion ordered a castle to be built, Castrum Landespurch, incorporating an older settlement and castle named Phetine. Soon a greater settlement evolved, which received its town charter as early as the 13th century. In 1315, the town burned down, but was rebuilt. As of 1320 Landsberg am Lech was permitted to collect salt duties, bringing considerable wealth to the town. In 1419, a river tax added a further source of income.
In 1437 Hans Multscher crafted the Landsberg Virgin and Child as the main figures of an altar. Multscher's Wurzach Altar design for the Lnadsberg church has been noted for a new realism and realistic detail.

### Nazi Germany

The town is noted for its prison where Adolf Hitler was incarcerated in 1924. During this incarceration Hitler wrote/dictated his book Mein Kampf together with Rudolf Hess. His cell, number 7, became part of the Nazi cult and many followers came to visit it during the German Nazi-period. Landsberg am Lech was also known as the town of the Hitler Youth.
In the outskirts of this town existed a concentration camp, where over 30,000 victims were imprisoned under inhuman conditions, resulting in the death of around 14,500 of them.
After World War II it was the location for one of the largest displaced person (DP) camps for Jewish refugees and the place of execution for more than 150 war criminals after 1945.

## Geography
### Town areas

The town comprises three main areas. The historic old town centre of Landsberg, which lies between the river Lech and its easterly elevated bank. The area to the west of the Lech (Katharinenvorstadt, Neuerpfting, Weststadt, Schwaighofsiedlung – today by far the biggest part of the town) and the area on the easterly elevated bank (Bayervorstadt) developed since the early 19th century.
Also belonging to Landsberg are the hamlets of Sandau and Pössing as well as the former independent boroughs of Ellighofen, Erpfting (with Friedheim, Geratshof and Mittelstetten), Pitzling (with Pöring) and Reisch (with Thalhofen).

## Landsberg Concentration Camp and displaced person camp

The Landsberg camp began in June 1944 as a Nazi concentration camp. By October 1944, there were more than 5,000 prisoners alive in the camp. Most of the remaining inmates who were able to walk were "evacuated" by the Germans in death marches in April 1945.
The camp was liberated on 27 April 1945 by the 12th Armored Division of the United States Army. Upon orders from General Taylor, the American forces allowed news media to record the atrocities, and ordered local German civilians and guards to reflect upon the dead and bury them bare-handed. A dramatization of the discovery and liberation of the camp was presented in Episode 9: Why We Fight of the Band of Brothers mini-series.
After the liberation, it became a displaced person (DP) camp, primarily for Jewish refugees from the Soviet Union and the Baltic states. The DP camp closed on 15 October 1950.
In December 2019, Israeli academic and translator Ilana Hammerman wrote of the difficulties she encountered in trying to visit the site of the concentration camp and to find the memorial to the victims. She noted that "[f]or decades after the war, local residents and the authorities endeavored to ignore its existence and consign it to oblivion". Since 1983 Anton Posset and the association called Landsberg im 20. Jahrhundert are working on commemorating this part of history and established based on donations the European Holocaust Memorial on the former concentration camp Kaufering VII.

## Transport

The municipality has two railway stations, Landsberg (Lech) and Landsberg (Lech) Schule.

## Notable people

* Lanspergius (1489–1539), Carthusian monk and ascetical writer
* Ignaz Kögler (1680–1746), Jesuit missionary and mathematician
* Dominikus Zimmermann (1685–1766), architect
* Sir Hubert von Herkomer (1849–1914), artist, film and theatre director
* Alois Wolfmüller (1864–1948), inventor and aeronautical engineer
* Wilhelm Ritter von Leeb (1876–1956), World War II field marshal and war criminal
* George Remus (1878–1952), attorney and famed bootlegger during U.S. Prohibition
* Adolf Hitler (1889–1945), dictator (was in prison in Landsberg 1923/24)
* Luise Rinser (1911–2002), writer and politician
* Johnny Cash (1932–2003), American singer/songwriter stationed in the Landsberg-Lech Airbase from 1951 until his discharge in 1954 while serving in the U.S. Air Force
* Siegfried Rauch (1932–2018), actor
* Samuel Bak (born 1933), painter and writer
* Anton Posset (1941–2015), holocaust researcher and founder of the European Holocaust Memorial located in Landsberg
* Erwin Neher Nobel laureate (born 1944) studied at the Technical University of Munich (TUM)
* Julian Nagelsmann (born 1987), football manager
* Michael Unterbuchner (born 1988), darts player
* Florian Neuhaus (born 1997), footballer
* Morris Kleiner (born 1948), AFL-CIO Professor of Labor Policy, University of Minnesota

## Twin towns – sister cities

Landsberg am Lech is twinned with:
* Hudson, United States (1984)
* Saint-Laurent-du-Var, France (1986)
* Bushey, England, United Kingdom (1989)
* Rocca di Papa, Italy (1989)
* Waldheim, Germany (1990)
* Siófok, Hungary (2002)

## Sports

Landsberg is home to the following sports clubs:
| Club | Sport | League | Established |
| TSV Landsberg | Football | Landesliga Bayern | 1882 |
| Landsberg Riverkings | Ice hockey | Regionalliga (Bayernliga) | 2008 |
| Landsberg X-PRESS | American football | Regionalliga Süd | 2007 |
| DJK Landsberg | Basketball | Regionalliga | 1956 |
| Jahn Landsberg | Football | A-Klasse Oberbayern | 1923 |
| Türkspor Landsberg | Football | A-Klasse Oberbayern | -- |
| Landsberg Cruisaders | Baseball | Bezirksliga Bayern | 2003 |
| Landsberg Kodiacs | Softball | Landesliga Bayern | 2009 |
| Landsberg BB-Dance Camp | Dance | Boogie Woogie Dance Festival | 1987 |

## Sources

* Burgett, Daniel R. (2001). Beyond the Rhine. New York: Dell Publishing. pp. 119–134.
* Thomas Raithel, Die Strafanstalt Landsberg am Lech und der Spöttinger Friedhof (1944-1958). Eine Dokumentation im Auftrag des Instituts für Zeitgeschichte München-Berlin (München: Oldenbourg 2009).