OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Stephen Rademaker

Stephen Geoffrey Rademaker (born 1959) is an attorney, lobbyist, and former Bush administration government official. He was chief counsel to the United States House Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives, and an Assistant Secretary of State from 2002 through 2006.

## Education

Rademaker attended the University of Virginia where he received a B.A. (1981) in Foreign Affairs, a J.D. (1984), and an M.A. in Foreign Affairs (1985). He was a member of Phi Beta Kappa, the Jefferson Literary and Debating Society, and president of the Student Council during his time at the university.

## Career

Rademaker was an associate at the Washington, D.C. law firm of Covington & Burling 1984 to 1986, and in 1986 a law clerk to James L. Buckley of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit.
From 1986 to 1987, he served as counsel to the Vice Chairman of the U.S. International Trade Commission. From 1987 to 1989, Stephen served as a Special Assistant to the Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs.
From 1989 to 1992, Rademaker held a joint appointment as Associate Counsel to the President in the Office of Counsel to the President and as Deputy Legal Adviser to the National Security Council. From 1992 to 1993, Stephen served as General Counsel of the Peace Corps. For most of the following decade, he held positions on the staff of the Committee on International Relations of the House of Representatives, including Minority Chief Counsel (1993–1995), Chief Counsel (1995–2001), and Deputy Staff Director and Chief Counsel (2001–2002). He returned briefly to the Peace Corps in 2000–2001 as the Bush-Cheney Transition's Director of Transition for the Peace Corps.
In 2002, he was Chief Counsel to the Select Committee on Homeland Security of the U.S. House of Representatives, where he was responsible for drafting the legislation that created the Department of Homeland Security. Later that year, he was confirmed by the United States Senate as the Assistant Secretary of State for International Security and Nonproliferation, serving until May 2006.
After leaving the public sector, Rademaker joined Barbour, Griffith, and Rogers in January 2007. In February 2011, Rademaker left the firm and joined the Podesta Group. In 2020 Covington & Burling listed him as senior of counsel.

## Personal life

Rademaker is married to Danielle Pletka, the vice president for foreign and defense policy studies at the American Enterprise Institute. Rademaker has four children.
# The Hub (Battlestar Galactica)

"The Hub" is the ninth episode in the fourth season of the re-imagined Battlestar Galactica TV series. It first aired on television in the United States on June 6, 2008.

## Plot

In pursuit of the enemy's Resurrection Hub, a team of Viper pilots and Cylon rebels become uneasy collaborators in formulating a battle plan.

## Reception

Alan Sepinwall of The Star-Ledger praised Mary McDonnell's performance and was intrigued by Helo's uneasy interactions with the Eight who had downloaded Athena's memories. Lucy Lawless' return "proved worth the wait, between her casually snapping Brother Cavil's neck while still in her resurrection bath, or her snarking on all sides of the Cylon/human alliance once she was free of the Hub." Eric Goldman of IGN.com also praised McDonnell's acting in this episode, and found the episode's final scene satisfying, despite not finding it believable that Adama would have waited for Roslin. "But in and of itself, Roslin being reunited with him and proclaiming that she loved him was incredibly sweet and gratifying, considering all that has occurred between the two throughout the entire series."
# National Bal Bhawan

National Bal Bhawan (NBB) (transl. National Children's House) is an autonomous institute, run and funded by the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India headquartered in New Delhi. It was founded in 1956 by Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru. It was established with the purpose to provide opportunities for creative pursuits to children in the age group of 5 to 16 years.
Indira Gandhi was appointed as the first chairperson of National Bal Bhavan. Currently, there are 73 Bal Bhavans across India, which are affiliated to the National Bal Bhawan, New Delhi.
# James Armour

James Brown Armour (1841–1928), usually known as J. B. Armour, was an Irish Presbyterian minister who sought to rally Protestant opinion in the north of Ireland in support of tenant right and against landlordism, and, in his later years, in favour of Irish Home Rule and against threatened unionist resistance to an Irish national parliament.

## Biography

Armour was born at Lisboy, near Ballymoney, County Antrim, and was educated at the Royal Belfast Academical Institution and Queen's College, Belfast and Queen's College, Cork, where he studied classics.
In 1869 Armour was appointed minister at Second Ballymoney Presbyterian Church, also known as Trinity Presbyterian Church, where he served until he retired in 1925. Armour founded Ballymoney Intermediate School and lectured at Magee College in Derry.
In 1886 Armour had opposed the first Home Rule Bill. By 1892, having become convinced that unionism was benefiting Anglicans and landowners at the expense of Presbyterians, Armour converted to a pro-home rule position, and endorsed liberal Presbyterian candidates in the election of that year.
The following year, at a specially-convened General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church, Armour moved a pro-home rule amendment. His speech, in which he stated that ‘The principle of Home Rule is a Presbyterian principle’, caused a sensation, and saw him emerge as the best known Protestant home ruler in Ulster. He was politically outspoken in support of both the Tenant Right movement and Home Rule, and of the controversial proposal for a Catholic university. He felt that politics ought not to divide the Presbyterian Church, but he firmly believed that partition would be disastrous for Ulster.
Armour was confident that a Dublin parliament would help boost the Irish economy and would promote reconciliation between Protestants and Roman Catholics. Jack White, Roger Casement and Armour organised a public meeting in Ballymoney on 24 October 1913 to build support for Home Rule amongst the local Protestant population, but had little success. The speeches at the meeting were subsequently published as a pamphlet called A Protestant Protest.
Following in the footsteps of James MacKnight, Armour was better known throughout Ulster for his local leadership in the Tenant Right campaign of the 1870s. He helped define the aims of the Route Tenants' Defence Association in the "Ballymoney programme".
Armour served on the Senate of Queen's University, Belfast, where he favoured the teaching of the Irish language and scholastic philosophy. He was made honorary chaplain to the Lord Lieutenant during the First World War.
Armour married Jennie Stavely Hamilton, a widow who already had two sons, and had three sons with her, one of whom was William Staveley Armour, who founded the Young Farmers' Clubs of Ulster in 1929.
He died of pneumonia.
# Kawęczyn, Września County

Kawęczyn is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Września, within Września County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.
# ATATool

ATATool is freeware software that is used to display and modify ATA disk information from a Microsoft Windows environment. The software is typically used to manage host protected area (HPA) and device configuration overlay (DCO) features and is broadly similar to the hdparm for Linux. The software can also be used to generate and sometimes repair bad sectors. Recent versions include support for DCO restore and freeze operations, HPA security (password) operations and simulated bad sectors. ATATool is no longer available for personal download and can only be used for "professional users" like for security researchers.

## Usage examples

ATATool must be run with administrator privileges. On Windows Vista and later it requires an elevated-privileges command prompt (see User Account Control). The target drive must be connected to a physical disk controller. The software will not work when using a hard drive through an external connection like USB or any external hard drive.
Display detected Hard Drives:
Display information on Hard Drive 1:
Set a volatile HPA of 50GB on Hard Drive 1 (HPA will be lost after a power cycle):
Set a permanent HPA of 50GB on Hard Drive 1 (HPA will still stay after power cycles):
Remove permanent HPA on Hard Drive 1:
Set DCO to 100GB on Hard Drive 1:
Remove DCO of 100GB on Hard Drive 1:
Make sector 5 bad:
Make sector 5 not bad:
Make sector 10 bad and then not bad again (alternative method):

## Warning

Using ATATool can permanently change the disk configuration, may result in permanent data loss by making some sectors of the disk inaccessible. Please use ATATool at your own risk.
# Borsuri Tur Dal

Borsuri Tur Dal is a variety of pigeon pea cultivated in the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is a common and widely cultivated crop in the Borsuri village of Nilanga taluka located in Latur district.
Under its Geographical Indication tag, it is referred to as "'Borsuri Tur Dal".

## Name

Borsuri Tur Dal is a prized agricultural produce in Borsuri village and so named after it. Locally it is known as 'Pandhari Tur'.

## Description

Borsuri Tur Dal is a local variety of pigeon pea that is white in color. It is primarily grown in Latur district, where Tur Dal is one of the main crops. The district is traversed by two main rivers, Terna and Manjara, with the Terna river flowing for about 65 km in Nilanga taluka. The medium black soil in these river basins is highly fertile and suitable for Tur cultivation, resulting in high yields. Borsuri is known for its cultivation belt of tur dal, which boasts a distinct nutritional profile and is in high demand, particularly in Delhi and Mumbai.
Borsuri Varan/ Bhokari Varan (Lentil curry or stew) is a spicy and popular Marathwada dish made with a mix of lentils, including Borsuri tur dal, Masoor dal, and green Moong dal, along with spices and other ingredients.

## Geographical indication

It was awarded the Geographical Indication (GI) status tag from the Geographical Indications Registry, under the Union Government of India, on 30 March 2024 and is valid until 6 February 2032.
Borsuri Turdal Utpadak Sangh from Borsuri, proposed the GI registration of 'Borsuri Tur Dal'. After filing the application in February 2022, the raisins was granted the GI tag in 2024 by the Geographical Indication Registry in Chennai, making the name "'Borsuri Tur Dal" exclusive to the raisins cultivated in the region. It thus became the second pigeon pea variety from Maharashtra after Navapur Tur Dal and the 45th type of goods from Maharashtra to earn the GI tag.
The GI tag protects the raisins from illegal selling and marketing, and gives it legal protection and a unique identity.
# 2000 Richmond, Quebec, municipal election

The 2002 Richmond municipal election took place on April 30, 2000, to elect a mayor and councillors in Richmond, Quebec. The election was called after the municipality of Melbourne was merged with Richmond.

## Results

2000 Richmond election, Mayor of Bromont :
| Candidate | Total votes | % of total votes |
| (incumbent)Marc-André Martel | accl. | . |
2000 Richmond election, Councillor, District One :
| Candidate | Total votes | % of total votes |
| Charles Mallette | accl. | . |
2000 Richmond election, Councillor, District Two :
| Candidate | Total votes | % of total votes |
| Paul Gifford | 67 | 67.78 |
| Jacques Champagne | 32 | 32.32 |
| Total valid votes | 99 | 100.00 |
2000 Richmond election, Councillor, District Three :
| Candidate | Total votes | % of total votes |
| (incumbent)Réal Veilleux | 170 | 72.65 |
| Yvan Tremblay | 64 | 27.35 |
| Total valid votes | 234 | 100.00 |
2000 Richmond election, Councillor, District Four :
| Candidate | Total votes | % of total votes |
| (incumbent)Ghyslaine Bilodeau | accl. | . |
2000 Richmond election, Councillor, District Five :
| Candidate | Total votes | % of total votes |
| (incumbent)Daniel Ménard | accl. | . |
2000 Richmond election, Councillor, District Six :
| Candidate | Total votes | % of total votes |
| (incumbent)Jean-Guy Berthiaume | 131 | 71.98 |
| André Charest | 51 | 18.02 |
| Total valid votes | 182 | 100.00 |
2000 Richmond election, Councillor, District Seven :
| Candidate | Total votes | % of total votes |
| (incumbent)Georges-Henri Poulin | 89 | 70.08 |
| Jocelyn Bastien | 38 | 29.92 |
| Total valid votes | 127 | 100.00 |
Source: Stephen McDougall, "Richmond elects 22-year-old student: Re-elects three incumbents to town council," Sherbrooke Record, 2 May 2000, p. 7.
# Toomas Kivisild

Toomas Kivisild (born 11 August 1969, in Tapa, Estonia) is an Estonian population geneticist. He graduated as a biologist and received his PhD in Genetics, from University of Tartu, Estonia, in 2000. Since then he has worked as a postdoctoral research fellow in the School of Medicine, at Stanford University (2002-3), Estonian Biocentre (since 2003), as the Professor of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu (2005-6), and as a Lecturer and Reader in Human Evolutionary Genetics in the Department of Archaeology and Anthropology at the University of Cambridge (2006-2018). From 2018 he is a professor in the Department of Human Genetics at KU Leuven and a senior researcher at the Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu.
Kivisild has focused in his research on questions relating global genetic population structure with evolutionary processes such as selection, drift, migrations and admixture. He coauthored the second edition of the textbook Human Evolutionary Genetics (2013).

## Selected publications

* 1999a. "Deep common ancestry of Indian and western-Eurasian mitochondrial DNA lineages"
* 1999b. "The Place of the Indian mtDNA Variants in the Global Network of Maternal Lineages and the Peopling of the Old World"
* 2000a. "An Indian Ancestry: a Key for Understanding Human Diversity in Europe and Beyond"
* 2000b. "The origins of southern and western Eurasian populations: an mtDNA study"
* 2003a. "The Genetics of Language and Farming Spread in India"
* 2003b. "The Genetic Heritage of the Earliest Settlers Persists Both in Indian Tribal and Caste Populations" ,
* The emerging limbs and twigs of the East Asian mtDNA tree.
* Kivisild, T; Reidla, M; Metspalu, E; et al. (November 2004). "Ethiopian mitochondrial DNA heritage: tracking gene flow across and around the gate of tears". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 75 (5): 752–70. doi:10.1086/425161. PMC 1182106. PMID 15457403.
* Mait, Metspalu; Kivisild, Toomas; et al. (2004). "Most of the extant mtDNA boundaries in South and Southwest Asia were likely shaped during the initial settlement of Eurasia by anatomically modern humans". BMC Genetics. 5: 26. doi:10.1186/1471-2156-5-26. PMC 516768. PMID 15339343.
* 2005a. Different population histories of the Mundari- and Mon-Khmer-speaking Austro-Asiatic tribes inferred from the mtDNA 9-bp deletion/insertion polymorphism in Indian populations
* 2005b. Reconstructing the Origin of Andaman Islanders
* 2005c. Tracing Modern Human Origins
* 2006a. Response to Comment on‘‘Reconstructing the Origin of Andaman Islanders’’
* 2006b. Sahoo, S.; Kivisild, T; et al. (2006). "A prehistory of Indian Y chromosomes: Evaluating demic diffusion scenarios". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 103 (4): 843–8. Bibcode:2006PNAS..103..843S. doi:10.1073/pnas.0507714103. PMC 1347984. PMID 16415161.
* 2006c. The role of selection in the evolution of human mitochondrial genomes.
* 2007. Peopling of South Asia: investigating the caste-tribe continuum in India
* 2007. Revealing the prehistoric settlement of Australia by Y chromosome and mtDNA analysis
# Trinidad Scorpion Butch T pepper

The Trinidad Scorpion Butch T is a Capsicum chinense cultivar that is among the hottest peppers in the world. It is a hybrid pepper and thus not indigenous to anywhere; however, its hybrid parentage is derived from the Trinidad Moruga scorpion indigenous to Trinidad and Tobago. It was named by Neil Smith from The Hippy Seed Company, after he got the seeds originally from Butch Taylor (the owner of Zydeco Farms in Woodville/Crosby, Mississippi, and a hot sauce company) who is responsible for propagating the pepper's seeds. The "scorpion" peppers are referred to as such because the pointed end of the pepper is said to resemble a scorpion's stinger.

## World record

The Trinidad scorpion 'Butch T' pepper was, for three years, ranked the most pungent ("hot") pepper in the world according to Guinness World Records. A laboratory test conducted in March 2011 measured a specimen at 1,463,700 Scoville heat units, officially ranking it the hottest pepper in the world at the time. One possible secret to the chili's heat, according to a cultivator of the pepper, is fertilizing the soil with the liquid runoff of a worm farm. In August 2017, Guinness World Records recognized the Carolina Reaper as the hottest pepper in the world, at 1,641,183 SHU.
# Gasparia rupicola

Gasparia rupicola is a species of Toxopidae spider that is endemic to New Zealand.

## Taxonomy

This species was described in by Ray Forster in 1970 from a female specimen. The holotype is stored in Otago Museum.

## Description

The female is recorded at 3.4mm in length. The carapace is coloured pale yellow brown and has a dark dorsal band. The legs are pale yellow with dark bands. The abdomen is grey with pale chevrons.

## Distribution

This species is only known from Canterbury, New Zealand.

## Conservation status

Under the New Zealand Threat Classification System, this species is listed as "Data Deficient" with the qualifiers of "Data Poor: Size", "Data Poor: Trend" and "One Location".
# Tsakkar

40°10′04″N 45°13′02″E﻿ / ﻿40.16778°N 45.21722°E﻿ / 40.16778; 45.21722
Tsakkar (Armenian: Ծակքար) is a village in the Martuni Municipality of the Gegharkunik Province of Armenia.

## Etymology

The village was previously known as Dalikdash.

## Gallery

* Armenian stamp depicting a natural bridge in Tsakkar
# 2001 Moldovan presidential election

An indirect presidential election was held in Moldova on 4 April 2001. The Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova (PCRM) won 50.07% of the vote and 71 of the 101 seats in the February 2001 parliamentary election; by this time the constitution had been changed to provide for election of the President through the Parliament rather than popular vote. In March, the PCRM's Central Committee nominated Vladimir Voronin as its presidential candidate at a plenum, and on April 4, 2001 Voronin was elected as President by the Parliament. Of the 89 deputies participating in the vote, 71 voted for Voronin, 15 voted for Dumitru Braghiş, and three voted for Valerian Cristea. He was sworn in at a ceremony in Chişinău on April 7, 2001. The Constitutional Court ruled that the President could also lead a political party, and Voronin was re-elected as the PCRM's leader.

## Results

| Candidate | Candidate | Party | Votes | % |
| | Vladimir Voronin | Party of Communists | 71 | 79.78 |
| | Dumitru Braghiş | Braghiș Alliance | 15 | 16.85 |
| | Valerian Cristea | Independent | 3 | 3.37 |
| Total | Total | Total | 89 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 101 | – |
| Source: eDemocracy |||||
# Spencer Toone

Spencer William Toone II (born August 25, 1980) is an American former professional football linebacker who was selected by the National Football League Tennessee Titans in the last round of the 2006 NFL draft. He played college football at the University of Utah.
Pre-draft measurables :
| Height | Weight | 40-yard dash | 20-yard shuttle | Three-cone drill | Vertical jump | Broad jump | Bench press |
| 6 ft 1+1⁄8 in (1.86 m) | 235 lb (107 kg) | 4.70 s | 4.28 s | 6.98 s | 35.0 in (0.89 m) | 9 ft 6 in (2.90 m) | 22 reps |
| All values from Pro Day ||||||||

## Early life

Toone attended Snake River High School in Blackfoot, Idaho, and was a student and a letterman in football, basketball, baseball and track. In football, he led his teams to two Idaho State Championships and was a two-time All-State selecion.
# Ushi, Armenia

Ushi (Armenian: Ուշի) is a village in the Ashtarak Municipality of the Aragatsotn Province of Armenia. It contains a 10th-century chapel, and approximately 1 km outside the village are the ruins of Saint Sargis Monastery of the 7th to 13th centuries. Under the Chapel of Saint Sargis (the only structure still standing), is the grave and re-interred remains of the aforementioned saint. On top of the hill adjacent to the monastery complex are the collapsed remains of an Iron Age fortress.

## Gallery

* Ruins of the Saint Sargis monastic complex of the 7th to 13th centuries at Ushi
* Iron Age fortress of Ushi
# Hypogeophis

Hypogeophis is a genus of caecilians in the family Grandisoniidae. The genus consists of four species, all endemic to parts of the Seychelles Archipelago.

## Species

The genus has four recognized species:
* Hypogeophis brevis
* Hypogeophis montanus, Maddock, Wilkinson, and Gower, 2018
* Hypogeophis pti – petite Praslin caecilian, found on Praslin
* Hypogeophis rostratus – Frigate Island caecilian
# Indotyphlus

Indotyphlus is a small genus of caecilians in the family Grandisoniidae. As caecilians in general, they superficially resemble earthworms. The genus is endemic to the Western Ghats, India. They are sometimes known as Battersby's caecilians.

## Description

Indotyphlus are small caecilians, with the largest specimen (a female Indotyphlus battersbyi) measuring 24 cm (9.4 in) in total length. The eyes are visible in sockets, instead of under bone. Other diagnostic characters are absence of temporal fossae, mesethmoid not being exposed dorsally, presence of splenial teeth, secondary grooves, and scales, tentacular opening that is closer to the eye than to the external nostril, no unsegmented terminal shield, smallish narial plugs on tongue, absence of diastema between vomerine and palatine teeth, and absence of terminal keel.
Development is probably direct, without aquatic larvae.

## Habitat

The genus is unusual among caecilians in that both species have been recorded from relatively open, shallow-soiled areas with long dry season.

## Species

The genus contains two species:
| Binomial name and author | Common name |
| Indotyphlus battersbyi Taylor, 1960 | Battersby's caecilian |
| Indotyphlus maharashtraensis Giri, Wilkinson, and Gower, 2004 | Humbarli caecilian, Maharashtra caecilian |
# Scutiger adungensis

Scutiger adungensis is a species of frog in the family Megophryidae. It is only known with certainty from two specimens collected in 1931 from Adung Valley in northern Myanmar, near the border to Tibet; there are more recent unconfirmed sightings. Common name Adung lazy toad has been coined for it.

## Description

The type series consists of two adult males measuring 71 and 73 mm (2.8 and 2.9 in) in snout–vent length. The head is as broad as it is wide and relatively flat. The snout is rounded. Tympanum is absent. Lateral parotoid glands are present. The limbs are relatively short; the fingers and toes have no webbing. Skin in the upper parts of the body bears pustules, while the limbs are granular. The upper parts are dark, with a darker triangular area between the eyes pointing backward. The lower parts are lighter and without pattern.

## Habitat and conservation

Scutiger adungensis occurs in mountain streams (presumably, its breeding habitat) in Adung Valley at elevations of 3,650 m (11,980 ft) above sea level. There are also more recent sightings from the Hkakabo Razi National Park, but no specimens have been collected.