# Mikhail Fedotov

Mikhail Alexandrovich Fedotov (Russian: Михаил Александрович Федотов; born 18 September 1949) is a Russian jurist, politician, human rights activist, and former diplomat.

## Biography

Fedotov was born in Moscow into a family of lawyers. In 1966, he entered the law faculty at Lomonosov Moscow State University, but was expelled in 1968 for participating in the human rights movement. At the request of several professors, he was allowed to return to the evening department of the university. He also worked as a journalist for the newspaper Vechernyaya Moskva. He graduated with a degree in law from Moscow State University in 1972, followed by postgraduate studies in the All-Union Correspondence Institute of Law in 1976. In 1976-1990 he taught at the All-Union Correspondence Institute of Law at the Department of State Law. At the same time, he created draft laws "On the Press and other mass media" (which eliminated preliminary censorship), "On Public Associations", "On Mass Media", "On Archives", "On Publishing". He headed the working group on the preparation of the draft law "On Copyright and related rights".
In September 1990 – May 1992, he served as the Deputy Minister of the Press and Mass Media in Russia. From December 1992 to August 1993, he held the position of Minister of Press and Information in Russia. In the summer of 1993, he fought against the Supreme Council's introduction of amendments to Russia's law "On Mass Media". After the vote on these amendments, Fedotov resigned as minister.
Between September 1993 and January 1998, Fedotov served as Russia's Permanent Representative to UNESCO.
Mikhail Fedotov's bid for the position of judge of the Constitutional Court of Russia has been rejected twice: once in 1991, by the 5th Congress of People's Deputies of Russia, and again in 1997, by the Federation Council.
Fedotov has represented the President of Russia before the Constitutional Court in cases involving the CPSU, the National Salvation Front, and the introduction of oversight boards on state TV and radio by the Congress of People's Deputies. He has also represented the president at Congresses of the People's Representatives and at the Supreme Council, has represented the Government of Russia at the constitutional assembly, and was a member of the working group on drafting the Constitution of Russia.
After being appointed as chair of the Presidential Council for Civil Society and Human Rights in 2010, Mikhail Fedotov said that he saw "de-Stalinizing public consciousness" as one of the main goals of the council. On 1 March 2011, the Council revealed a project to "de-Stalinize" the Russian history of the 20th century. The proposed program has elicited contradictory reactions in Russian society. Leader of the Yabloko Party Sergei Mitrokhin, politician Vladimir Ryzhkov, as well as historian Andrey Zubov, have all expressed support for the initiative. Prime Minister of Lithuania Andrius Kubilius has welcomed the Human Rights Council's proposal to recognize the USSR's responsibility for genocide during World War II, describing it as an "attempt to look honestly at country's history and conscience". Lithuanian Foreign Minister Gabrielius Landsbergis has positively assessed Fedotov's work in this area. However, members of the Presidential Council Emil Pain [ru] and Alexey Pushkov have taken a critical stance towards the proposed "de-Stalinization" program, as they believe it cannot serve as a basis for national reconciliation in modern Russia and will lead to further national division. Several experts, historians, and politicians have strongly criticized the "de-Stalinization" initiative and the activities of Fedotov. Communist Party leader Gennady Zyuganov has expressed Fedotov's personal responsibility for Russia's current troubles, while the Council he heads has been compared to foreign "Russophobic" centers. Valery Fyodorov [ru], CEO of Russian Public Opinion Research Center, has stated that as the "homegrown de-Stalinizers" continue their efforts, their reputation will continue to decline, while Stalin's image will likely gain favor.

## Honours

* Russia: Order of Friendship (2014)
* Russia: Laureate of the Award of the Government of the Russian Federation for the field of printed media (2009)
* Russia: Honoured Lawyer of Russia (1999)
* UNESCO: UNESCO Medal in honor of the 50th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1999)
* USSR: Laureate of the Union of Journalists of the USSR Award (1990)