OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Herálec (Žďár nad Sázavou District)

Herálec is a municipality and village in Žďár nad Sázavou District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,300 inhabitants.

## Administrative division

Herálec consists of five municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
* Herálec (348)
* Brušovec (11)
* Český Herálec (877)
* Kocanda (60)
* Kuchyně (0)

## Geography

Herálec is located about 14 kilometres (9 mi) north of Žďár nad Sázavou and 43 km (27 mi) northeast of Jihlava. It lies on the border between the Upper Svratka Highlands and Iron Mountains. The highest point is at 803 m (2,635 ft) above sea level. The Svratka River flows through the municipality; it formed here the historical border between Bohemia and Moravia. The whole municipality lies within the Žďárské vrchy Protected Landscape Area.

## History

The first written mention of Moravský Herálec is from 1366. In a court case from that year, the territory with the village fell to the Nové Město na Moravě estate, while the territory beyond the river, on which Český Herálec was later founded, fell to the monastery in Žďár nad Sázavou. The village of Český Herálec was first documented in 1456. In 1496, the area was bought by Vilém II of Pernštejn.

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1869 | 1,763 | — |
| 1880 | 1,819 | +3.2% |
| 1890 | 1,824 | +0.3% |
| 1900 | 1,814 | −0.5% |
| 1910 | 1,905 | +5.0% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1921 | 1,760 | −7.6% |
| 1930 | 2,448 | +39.1% |
| 1950 | 1,334 | −45.5% |
| 1961 | 1,335 | +0.1% |
| 1970 | 1,319 | −1.2% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1980 | 1,254 | −4.9% |
| 1991 | 1,257 | +0.2% |
| 2001 | 1,259 | +0.2% |
| 2011 | 1,279 | +1.6% |
| 2021 | 1,296 | +1.3% |
Source: Censuses :

## Transport

There are no railways or major roads passing through the municipality.

## Sights

The most valuable monument is the Church of Saint Catherine. It was built in the late Baroque style in 1784–1790.
A technical monument is the stone bridge. It was built in 1856, when it replaced an old wooden bridge from the 18th century.

## Notable people

* František Sláma (1923–2004), cellist
# Jan Sładkowski

Jan Sładkowski (born 1958 in Świętochłowice) is a Polish physicist. He is notable for his work on the role of exotic smoothness in cosmology, quantum game theory, and applications of thermodynamics in the theory of finance.

## Education

He earned his PhD, under Marek Zrałek, and habilitation in theoretical physics from the University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland. He has published a number of papers on quantum field theory, mathematical physics, quantum information processing, and econophysics.

## Career

He has held visiting posts at the Bielefeld University and at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. He presently holds the Chair of Astrophysics and Cosmology at the University of Silesia.

## Honors

In 1999, he was a Humboldt fellow.
# Non-detection at traffic lights in the United States

In order to improve intersection capacity in the United States, intelligent transport systems such as vehicle detection have been introduced at intersections controlled by traffic lights. However, these lights sometimes do not detect smaller vehicles such as bikes or motorcycles.
Traffic lights that do not service traffic due to non-detection may not meet the federal legal definition adopted by most states for a traffic control signal, which is any device "by which traffic is alternately directed to stop and permitted to proceed". Meeting this definition is required for any citation to be upheld; traffic signals that fail to meet it may be considered "defective" or "inoperative."
Some jurisdictions require operators to "bring the vehicle to a complete stop before entering the intersection and may proceed with caution only when it is safe to do so," while others may construe any action to force it to cycle as tampering.

## Background

In some instances, small vehicles such as motorcycles, scooters, and bicycles may not be detected, leaving the traffic light controller unaware of their presence. When this occurs, the small vehicle may fail to receive the right of way when the traffic light controller skips their phase, such as at traffic lights that are programmed to remain green for the main street and to only service minor movements, such as the side street or a main street left turn lane, on an as-needed basis when there is demand.
For example, small vehicles may not be detected by an induction loop sensor, such as one whose sensitivity has been set too high in an attempt to avoid false triggers. While a typical motor vehicle has a sufficient mass of metal such as steel that interacts with the sensor's magnetic field, motorcycles and scooters have much less mass than cars, and bicycles may not even be constructed with metal. This situation most often occurs at the times of day when other traffic is sparse as well as when the small vehicle is coming from a direction that does not have a high volume of traffic.

## Laws by state

Over 20 states in the United States have enacted "dead red" laws that give motorcyclists and sometimes bicyclists an affirmative defense to proceed through a red light with caution after stopping when they are not detected by the traffic light controller.
* Arkansas 27-52-206
* California 21800 (d)(1)
* Colorado 42-4-612
* Idaho 49-802 (3)(a)
* Illinois 11-306 (c)(3.5)
* Indiana 9-21-3-7 (b)(3)(D)
* Kansas 8-1508 (c)(4)
* Kentucky 189-338 (6)
* Minnesota 169.06 Subd. 9
* Missouri 304.285
* Nevada 484B.307 (8)(d)
* North Carolina 20-158 (e)
* Ohio 4511.132 (A)
* Oklahoma 47-11-202 (3)(d)
* Oregon 811.360 (2)(a)
* Pennsylvania (allows any vehicle to observe "ride on red") 75-3112 (c)(2)
* South Carolina 56-5-970 (5)
* Tennessee 55-8-110 (b)
* Utah 41.6a.305 (7)
* Virginia 46.2-833 (B)
* Washington 46.61.184
* Wisconsin 346.37 (1)(c)(4)
* Pending Legislation: Massachusetts MA H.3182
* Failed: Alabama HB103
* Failed: Nebraska LB 85
* Failed: Wyoming HB0092
# Raitu Coolie Sangham (Andhra Pradesh)

రైతుకూలీ సంఘం (ఆంధ్రప్రదెౕశ్)/ Raitu Coolie Sangham (Andhra Pradesh) (Farmers Labourers League (Andhra Pradesh)) is a revolutionary peasants' movement in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh, related to the Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist). During its existence, the movement often found itself in trouble with the law and even being outlawed in India. The movement was also involved in the 1981 Indravelli massacre on the side of fellow Maoist organizations.
The secretary of the organization is Dantuluri Varma and the president Simhadrai Jhansi.
# 1976 Island Holidays Classic

The 1976 Island Holidays Classic, also known as the Hawaii Open, was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts in Maui, Hawaii, in the United States. It was the third edition of the tournament and was held from October 4 through October 10, 1976. The tournament was part of the Grand Prix tennis circuit and was categorized as a 3 star event. Unseeded Harold Solomon won the singles title.

## Finals
### Singles

Harold Solomon defeated Bob Lutz 6–3, 5–7, 7–5
* It was Solomon's 4th singles title of the year and the 9th of his career.

### Doubles

Raymond Moore / Allan Stone defeated Dick Stockton / Roscoe Tanner 6–7, 6–3, 6–4
# Cláudio Kestener

Cláudio Mamede Kestener (born December 20, 1961, in São Paulo) is a former international butterfly swimmer from Brazil, who participated in a Summer Olympics for his native country.
He is the son of Rolf Kestener, who participated in the 1948 Summer Olympics, in London.
He is currently an engineer at the São Paulo Metro and participates in competitions in the master category by Esporte Clube Pinheiros and also in the World Games of the CSIT – International Workers and Amateurs in Sports Confederation.
Cláudio Kestener started swimming at the Pinheiros school and, at the age of seven, he started to compete; at age 16 he participated in his first international competitions. In 1980, at the Latin Cup in Spain, he broke the Brazilian record for the 100-meter butterfly.
At the 1980 Summer Olympics, in Moscow, he finished 8th in the 4×100-metre medley final, breaking the South American record, together with Rômulo Arantes, Sérgio Pinto Ribeiro and Jorge Fernandes. He also swam the 100m and 200m butterfly, not reaching the finals.
In 1981 he was the Brazilian record holder of the 100-metre butterfly, with a time of 57.12 seconds.
He started engineering school the same year he returned from the Moscow Olympics and decided to dedicate himself to his studies. During college, he participated in the University Games and gradually moved away from competitive swimming.
# Clement Maring

Clement Maring is a South Sudanese politician. He has served as Commissioner of Terekeka County, Central Equatoria since 2005.
# Fredrikke Waaler

Fredrikke Amalie Holtemann Rynning Waaler (7 May 1865 – 2 February 1952) was a Norwegian composer, violinist, and proponent for women's rights.
Waaler was born in Eidsvoll to Paul Emil Rynning and Anne Margrethe Holtermann. She married physician Peder Ferdinand Waaler had three sons, Georg, Rolf and Erik Waaler. She studied violin with F. Ursin and G. Boehn, and theory with Ludvig Mathias Lindeman and Johannes Haarklou.
Waaler played first violin in the Oslo Musikforening orchestra in 1885. She founded and led the first orchestra in Hamar in 1893, while also conducting a choir there.
Among her contributions was a tribute song to the city of Hamar. Her compositions, all for voice, include:
# Colbert, Georgia

Colbert (/ˈkɒlbərt/ KOL-bərt) is a city in Madison County, Georgia, United States. The population was 630 at the 2020 census.

## History

The Georgia General Assembly first incorporated the place in 1899 as the "Town of Five Forks"; it was officially renamed "Colbert" in 1909 by a new act of legislature. The present name is after James Fletcher Colbert, an early settler.

## Geography

Colbert is located in southern Madison County at 34°2′15″N 83°12′50″W﻿ / ﻿34.03750°N 83.21389°W﻿ / 34.03750; -83.21389 (34.037600, -83.213900). The city lies along Georgia State Route 72, 12 miles (19 km) northeast of Athens and 5 miles (8 km) southwest of Comer. Danielsville, the county seat, is 7 miles (11 km) to the north.
According to the United States Census Bureau, Colbert has a total area of 1.0 square mile (2.6 km$^2$), of which 0.004 square miles (0.010 km$^2$), or 0.39%, are water. The city is drained to the south by Mill Shoal Creek and to the north by tributaries of Brush Creek. Both creeks run to the South Fork of the Broad River, part of the Savannah River watershed.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 488 people, 204 households, and 136 families residing in the city. The population density was 561.5 inhabitants per square mile (216.8/km$^2$). There were 223 housing units at an average density of 256.6 per square mile (99.1/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the city was 90.78% White, 8.81% African American, and 0.41% from two or more races.
There were 204 households, out of which 27.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.4% were married couples living together, 8.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.3% were non-families. 28.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 3.00.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 24.0% under the age of 18, 7.4% from 18 to 24, 30.5% from 25 to 44, 23.4% from 45 to 64, and 14.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 84.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.9 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $34,500, and the median income for a family was $46,042. Males had a median income of $26,313 versus $24,844 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,936. About 11.3% of families and 16.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.2% of those under age 18 and 16.4% of those age 65 or over.

## Arts and culture

Colbert is known for its tradition of an Independence Day parade and festival, which draws crowds of nearly 10,000 people every year and has hosted celebrities including Hee Haw's Archie Campbell and fertilizer salesman turned comedian Jerry Clower. In May 2010, Colbert declined to invite comedian Stephen Colbert to the parade despite a petition drive that gathered 499 signatures, because the parade was not deemed an appropriate venue for his visit being a solemn day.
# Junior White

Junior White is a South African rugby union player for the Golden Lions in the Currie Cup. His regular position is lock.
White was named in the Golden Lions side for the 2022 Currie Cup Premier Division. He made his Currie Cup debut for the Golden Lions against the Pumas in Round 8 of the 2022 Currie Cup Premier Division.
# Cold shrinking

Cold shrinking is a process in motor vehicle bodyworks. Compared to hot shrinking, cold shrinking is a longer but nevertheless more preferred method most common especially with larger stretching areas. Cold shrinking is mostly done by use of a dolly hammer. The resulting rough surface is filled using a body filler or a body solder for a smoother finish.
Cold shrinking is a method of panel beating where heating is not done to the stretched panel. This method is mostly suitable for integral cars with integral body panels such as hatchbacks.
# 2020 Nebraska Republican presidential primary

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vte :
The 2020 Nebraska Republican presidential primary took place on May 13, 2020 in the Republican Party primaries for the 2020 presidential election. The primary was a closed primary (only open to party members) although unenrolled voters were permitted to enroll in a party at the polls with same day registration.

## Results

2020 Nebraska Republican presidential primary :
| Candidate | Votes | % | Delegates |
| Donald Trump | 242,035 | 90.7% | 36 |
| Bill Weld (withdrawn) | 22,831 | 8.6% | 0 |
| Write-in | 1,853 | 0.7% | 0 |
| Total | 266,719 | 100% | 36 |
# Comarit

Comarit (Compagnie Maritime Maroco-Norvegiènne) was a Moroccan ferry operator. Comarit operated a freight and passenger ferry service between Morocco and Spain, France and Italy from 1984 to 2012. It was based in Tangier, one of the main points of departure for its ferries. The company suspended operations in January 2012.

## History

Comarit was formed in 1984.
In June 2008, Ganger Rolf and Bonheur sold their 55% stake to their Moroccan partner for MAD 700 million (approximately NOK 490 million).
The company was liquidated in 2013.

## Fleet
### Ferries

| Ship | Year of construction | IMO | Year of acquisition and sale | Capacity | Status |
| Badis | 1973 | 7224459 | 2007 (chartered) | 1200 | in service under the name Rigel I |
| Banasa | 1975 | 7358755 | 1996 – 2015 | 1600 | sold in 2015 |
| Berkane | 1976 | 7401215 | 2002 – 2015 | 1844 | destroyed in 2015 at Aliağa |
| Biladi | 1979 | 7824912 | 2002 - 2013 | 1750 | destroyed in 2013 at Aliağa |
| Bismillah | 1971 | 7104984 | 1984 - 2006 | 750 | destroyed |
| Bissat | 2000 | 9221169 | 2010 - 2013 | 647 | in service under the name Detroit Jet |
| Boraq | 2000 | 9216171 | 2010 - 2016 | 647 | sold in 2016 |
| Boughaz | 1974 | 739601 | 1988 - 2015 | 1400 | decommissioned in 2012 at Algeciras and then destroyed in 2015 at Aliağa |
| Eurovoyager | 1978 | 7613882 | 2010 (chartered) | 1200 | destroyed in 2012 at Aliağa |
| Oleander | 1980 | 7820497 | 2000 - 2012 (chartered) | 1300 | in service under the name Sherbatiskiy |
| Primrose | 1975 | 7357567 | 2009 (chartered) | 1475 | destroyed in 2011 at Alang |
| Rostock | 1981 | 8000226 | 2009 - 2010 (chartered) | 1536 | in service under the name Wasa Express |
| Sara I | 1974 | 7360667 | 2003 - 2005 (chartered) | 1500 | destroyed in 2012 |

### Cargo ships

| Ship | Year of construction | IMO | Year of acquisition and selling | Capacity | Status |
| Baltic Eager | 1979 | 7804065 | 2009 (chartered) | 12 | destroyed in 2013 at Mumbai |
| East Express | 1984 | 8009040 | 2010 (chartered) | 12 | In service under the name Gazalle |
| Vomero | 1973 | 7328360 | 1995 (chartered) | 12 | destroyed in 2004 at Aliağa |

## Routes

Comarit operated five routes between Spain, France and Morocco.
* Algeciras - Tangier
* Genoa - Tangier
* Sète - Tangier
* Tarifa - Tangier
* Nador - Almería
# Commune II (Niamey)

Commune II (Niamey), also known as Niamey II, is an urban commune in Niger. It is a commune of the capital city of Niamey.
# Commune V (Niamey)

Commune V (Niamey), also known as Niamey V, is an urban commune in Niger. It is a commune of the capital city of Niamey. It is located in the south-western shore of the Niger River.
# Bill Kavanaugh

William Kavanaugh Jr. (born c. 1982) is an American college football coach. He was the head football coach for Bentley University team from 2014 to 2021. He previously coached for UMass Dartmouth, Stonehill, and Penn State. He played college football for Bentley as a defensive end. He is the son of UMass Dartmouth Corsairs football team's former head coach William Kavanaugh.

## Head coaching record

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing | Bowl/playoffs | AFCA$^#$ |
| Bentley Falcons (Northeast-10 Conference) (2014–2021) |||||||
| 2014 | Bentley | 5–6 | 3–6 | 8th | | |
| 2015 | Bentley | 5–6 | 5–4 | T–4th | | |
| 2016 | Bentley | 5–6 | 5–4 | 5th | | |
| 2017 | Bentley | 6–4 | 6–3 | 3rd | | |
| 2018 | Bentley | 4–6 | 4–5 | 6th | | |
| 2019 | Bentley | 6–4 | 6–2 | T–1st | | |
| 2020–21 | No team—COVID-19 | | | | | |
| 2021 | Bentley | 9–2 | 7–1 | 2nd | L NCAA Division II First Round | 24 |
| Bentley: | Bentley: | 40–34 | 36–25 | | | |
| Total: | Total: | 40–34 | | | | |
| National championship  Conference title  Conference division title or championship game berth |||||||
# Craig Edwards (English footballer)

Craig Edwards (born 8 July 1982) is an English former footballer, who played as a midfielder.

## Career

Edwards made his debut for Southend United in the Football League Trophy on 5 December 2000 at home to Cheltenham Town in the 2–0 victory. He made his debut in the Football League replacing David Lee as a substitute, in a 3–1 win over Mansfield Town in a Division Three match on 5 May 2001.
# Shane Rangi

Shane Rangi (born 3 February 1969) is a New Zealand actor. He affiliates to the Ngāti Porou iwi (tribe).
Rangi has played many characters in the Chronicles of Narnia film series. In The Lion, The Witch and the Wardrobe he played General Otmin, general of the White Witch's army, and the centaur that blows a horn as the Pevensie children enter Aslan's camp. In Prince Caspian, he played the werewolf, Asterius the Minotaur, the Wild Bear and the Physical Aslan. In the movie Voyager of the Dawn Treader he plays Tavros the Minotaur.
In the final film of the Lord of the Rings trilogy, he plays a Mumak Mahud, a Haradrim leader who is seen riding an oliphaunt against the Rohirrim during the Battle of the Pelennor Fields.
Shane also appears in the miniseries Spartacus: Gods of the Arena as Dagan – a gladiatorial Syrian recruit.

## Filmography
### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2001 | The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring | Witch-king | Uncredited |
| 2002 | The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers | Easterling/Witch-king/Uruk-Hai | Uncredited |
| 2003 | The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King | Harad Leader 2 | |
| 2005 | King Kong | Native | Uncredited |
| 2005 | The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe | General Otmin | |
| 2008 | The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian | Asterius / Wer-Wolf | |
| 2009 | Avatar | Amp Suit | Uncredited |
| 2010 | The Chronicles of Narnia: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader | Tavros | |
| 2014 | The Dark Horse | Police Officer #1 | |
| 2014 | The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies | Laketown Refugee | Uncredited |
| 2016 | Chronesthesia | Mysterious Man | |
| 2018 | Pacific Rim Uprising | Sonny's Crew #1 | |
| 2018 | Mortal Engines | Burly Salvageman | |
| 2022 | Avatar: The Way of Water | Matador Co-Pilot | |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2011 | Spartacus: Gods of the Arena | Dagan | 6 episodes |
| 2015 | Thomas & Friends | | animation |

### Stunts

| Year | Title |
| 2001 | The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring |
| 2002 | The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers |
| 2003 | The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King |
# Revolutionary Communist Party of India (Das)

The Revolutionary Communist Party of India, also known as RCPI (Das), was a political party in the Indian state of West Bengal, led by Anadi Das.
RCPI (Das) emerged as Anadi Das and M. Mokshed Ali, the two members of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly of the Revolutionary Communist Party of India, were expelled from RCPI in July 1969. Ahead of the 1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election the RCPI (Das) joined the Communist Party of India-led Eight Party Coalition. Moreover, RCPI (Das) joined the August Kranti Celebration Committee of seven political parties, which supported the struggle for independence of Bangla Desh.
After the 1971 election, RCPI (Das) merged into the RCPI (Tagore). After the death of Tagore, RCPI (Tagore) was split, with Das leading one of the factions and Bibhuti Bhushan Nandi the other.
# Longuefuye

Longuefuye (French pronunciation:) is a former commune in the Mayenne department in north-western France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Gennes-Longuefuye.