# Edmund White

Edmund Valentine White III (born January 13, 1940) is a gay American novelist, memoirist, playwright, biographer and essayist. He is the recipient of Lambda Literary's Visionary Award, the National Book Foundation's Lifetime Achievement Award, and the PEN/Saul Bellow Award for Achievement in American Fiction. France made him Chevalier (and later Officier) de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres in 1993.
White is known as a groundbreaking writer of gay literature and a major influence on gay American literature and has been called "the first major queer novelist to champion a new generation of writers."

## Early life and education

Edmund White grew up in Evanston, Illinois, and attended the exclusive Cranbrook School in Michigan as a boy. As he recounts in his novel The Beautiful Room is Empty, White was accepted to Harvard, but chose to stay near his therapist at home, who had assured White he could "cure" his homosexuality. He majored in Chinese at the University of Michigan.
White declined admission to Harvard University's Chinese doctoral program in favor of following a lover to New York. There he freelanced for Newsweek and spent seven years working as a staffer at Time-Life Books. After briefly relocating to Rome, San Francisco, and then returning to New York, he was briefly employed as an editor for the Saturday Review when the magazine was based in San Francisco in the early 1970s; after the magazine folded in 1973, White returned to New York to edit Horizon (a quarterly cultural journal) and freelance as a writer and editor for entities such as Time-Life and The New Republic.

## Literary career

White wrote books and plays while a youth, including one unpublished novel titled Mrs Morrigan.
White's debut novel, Forgetting Elena (1973), set on an island, can be read as commenting on gay culture in a coded manner. The Russian-American novelist Vladimir Nabokov called it "a marvelous book". Written with his psychotherapist Charles Silverstein, The Joy of Gay Sex (1977) made him known to a wider readership. It is celebrated for its sex-positive tone. His next novel, Nocturnes for the King of Naples (1978) was explicitly gay-themed and drew on his own life.
From 1980 to 1981, White was a member of a gay writers' group, The Violet Quill, which met briefly during that period, and included Andrew Holleran and Felice Picano. White's autobiographic works are frank and unapologetic about his promiscuity and his HIV-positive status.
In 1980, White brought out States of Desire, a survey of some aspects of gay life in America. In 1982, he helped found the group Gay Men's Health Crisis in New York City. In the same year appeared White's best-known work, A Boy's Own Story — the first volume of an autobiographic-fiction series, continuing with The Beautiful Room Is Empty (1988) and The Farewell Symphony (1997), describing stages in the life of a gay man from boyhood to middle age. Several characters in the latter novel are recognizably based on well-known people from White's New York-centered literary and artistic milieu.
From 1983 to 1990 White lived in France. He moved there initially for one year in 1983 via the Guggenheim Fellowship for writing he had received, but took such a liking to Paris "with its drizzle, as cool, grey and luxurious as chinchilla," (as he described it in his autobiographical novel The Farewell Symphony) that he stayed there for longer. French philosopher Michel Foucault invited him for dinner on several occasions, though he dismissed White's concerns about HIV/AIDS (Foucault would die of the illness shortly afterward). In 1984 in Paris, shortly after discovering he was HIV-positive, White joined the French HIV/AIDS organization, AIDES. During this period, he brought out his novel, Caracole (1985), which centers on heterosexual relationships. But he also maintained an interest in France and French literature, writing biographies of Jean Genet, Marcel Proust and Arthur Rimbaud. He published Genet: a biography (1993), Our Paris: sketches from memory (1995), Marcel Proust (1998), The Flaneur: a stroll through the paradoxes of Paris (2000) and Rimbaud (2008). He spent seven years writing the biography of Genet.
White came back to the United States in 1997. The Married Man, a novel published in 2000, is gay-themed and draws on White's life. Fanny: A Fiction (2003) is a historical novel about novelist Frances Trollope and social reformer Frances Wright in early 19th-century America. White's 2006 play Terre Haute (produced in New York City in 2009) portrays discussions that take place when a prisoner, based on terrorist bomber Timothy McVeigh, is visited by a writer based on Gore Vidal. (In real life McVeigh and Vidal corresponded but did not meet.)
In 2005 White published his autobiography, My Lives — organized by theme rather than chronology – and in 2009 his memoir of New York life in the 1960s and 1970s, City Boy.
White taught at Brown University in the early 90s, and in 1999 became professor of creative writing in Princeton University's Lewis Center for the Arts.
In 2025, well into his 80s, White published a sex memoir, The Loves of My Life, to acclaim.

## Awards and honors

White has received numerous awards and distinctions. Recipient of the inaugural Bill Whitehead Award for Lifetime Achievement from Publishing Triangle in 1989, he is also the namesake of the organization's Edmund White Award for Debut Fiction.
In 2014, Edmund White was presented with the Bonham Centre Award from the Mark S. Bonham Centre for Sexual Diversity Studies, University of Toronto, for his contributions to the advancement and education of issues around sexual identification.
* 1983: Guggenheim Fellowship for Creative Arts
* 1988: Lambda Literary Award, for The Beautiful Room Is Empty
* 1989: Bill Whitehead Award for Lifetime Achievement
* 1992: Lambda Literary Award nomination, for Faber Book of Gay Short Fiction
* 1993: David R. Kessler Award in LGBTQ Studies, CLAGS: The Center for LGBTQ Studies
* 1993: National Book Critics Circle Award for Biography, for Genet
* 1993: Chevalier (and later Officier) de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres
* 1994: Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography nomination, for Genet: A Biography
* 1994: Lambda Literary Award, for Genet: A Biography
* 1996: Member, American Academy of Arts and Letters
* 1996: Lambda Literary Award nomination, for Our Paris
* 1998: Lambda Literary Award nomination, for The Farewell Symphony
* 2001: Lambda Literary Award nomination, for The Married Man
* 2002: Stonewall Book Award for Loss within Loss: Artists in the Age of AIDS
* 2016–2018: New York State Edith Wharton Citation of Merit
* 2018: PEN/Saul Bellow Award for Achievement in American Fiction
* 2019: National Book Foundation, Lifetime Achievement Award

## Legacy and influences

White is frequently noted as a major influence on gay American writers and literature. The Publishing Triangle named their award for Debut LGBT Fiction the Edmund White Award.
French writer Edouard Louis has said, "In France, White's books are not just considered important on a literary level — they're also a fundamental step in the construction of the gay self." Other writers of note who have cited his influence include Garth Greenwell, Garrard Conley, and Alexander Chee.
In his 2005 memoir My Lives, White cites Jean Genet, Marcel Proust and André Gide as influences, writing: "they convinced me that homosexuality was crucial to the development of the modern novel because it led to a resurrection of love, a profound skepticism about the naturalness of gender roles and a revival of the classical tradition of same-sex love that dominated Western poetry and prose until the birth of Christ".
His favorite living writers in the early 1970s were Vladimir Nabokov and Christopher Isherwood.

## Works
### Fiction

* Forgetting Elena (1973) ISBN 978-0345358622
* Nocturnes for the King of Naples (1978) ISBN 9780312022631, OCLC 17953397
* A Boy's Own Story (1982) ISBN 9781509813865, OCLC 952160890
* Caracole (1985) ISBN 9780679764168, OCLC 490872532
* The Beautiful Room Is Empty (1988) ISBN 9780679755401
* Skinned Alive: Stories (1995) ISBN 9780679754756
* The Farewell Symphony (1997) ISBN 978-0701136215
* The Married Man (2000) ISBN 978-0679781448
* Fanny: A Fiction (2003) ISBN 978-0701169718
* Chaos: A Novella and Stories (2007) ISBN 9780786720057
* Hotel de Dream (2007) ISBN 978-0060852252
* Jack Holmes and His Friend (2012) ISBN 9781608197255, OCLC 877992500
* Our Young Man (2016) ISBN 9781408858967, OCLC 1002723765
* A Saint from Texas (2020) ISBN 9781635572551
* A Previous Life (2022) ISBN 9781526632241
* The Humble Lover (2023) ISBN 9781639730889

### Plays

* Terre Haute (2006) ISBN 978-0713687941

### Nonfiction

* The Joy of Gay Sex, with Charles Silverstein (1977) ISBN 9780517531587
* States of Desire (1980) ISBN 9780525480686
* The Burning Library: Writings on Art, Politics and Sexuality 1969–1993 (1994) ISBN 9780679434757, OCLC 33488913
* The Flâneur: A Stroll Through the Paradoxes of Paris (2000) ISBN 978-0747596875
* Arts and Letters (2004) ISBN 9781573442480, OCLC 69485728
* Sacred Monsters (2011) ISBN 9781936833115

#### Biography

* Genet: A Biography (1993) ISBN 9780099450078, OCLC 61423716
* Marcel Proust (1998) ISBN 9780143114987, OCLC 233547908
* Rimbaud: The Double Life of a Rebel (2008) ISBN 9781843549710, OCLC 600721506

#### Memoir

* Our Paris: Sketches from Memory (1995) ISBN 9780060085926
* My Lives (2005) ISBN 978-0066213972
* City Boy (2009) ISBN 9781608192342, OCLC 667235827
* Inside a Pearl: My Years in Paris (2014) ISBN 9781620406335, OCLC 881092866
* The Unpunished Vice: A Life of Reading (2018) ISBN 9781635571172
* The Loves of My Life: A Sex Memoir (2025) ISBN 978-1639733729

#### Anthologies

* The Darker Proof: Stories from a Crisis, with Adam Mars-Jones (1988)
* In Another Part of the Forest: An Anthology of Gay Short Fiction (1994) ISBN 978-0517881569
* The Art of the Story (2000) ISBN 978-0140296389
* A Fine Excess: Contemporary Literature at Play (2001) ISBN 9781889330518

#### Articles

* White, Edmund. "My Women. Learning how to love them", The New Yorker, June 13, 2005. Autobiographical article excerpted from My Lives.

## Personal life

White was present at the Stonewall Inn in 1969 when the Stonewall uprising began. He later wrote, "Ours may have been the first funny revolution." "When someone shouted 'Gay is good' in imitation of 'Black is beautiful', we all laughed... Then I caught myself foolishly imagining that gays might someday constitute a community rather than a diagnosis".
White identifies as gay and is also an atheist, though he was reared as a Christian Scientist. He discovered he was HIV-positive in 1985. However, he is a "non-progressor", one of the small percentage of cases that have not led to AIDS. He is in a long-term open relationship with the American writer Michael Carroll, living with him from 1995 onward. They married in November 2013.
In June 2012, Carroll reported that White was making a "remarkable" recovery after suffering two strokes in previous months. He has also had a heart attack.
In the 2023 interview with Colm Tóibín, White stated that he previously dated writer Tony Heilbut.