OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Operation Sutton

Operation Sutton was the code name for the British landings on the shores of San Carlos Water, at Ajax Bay and Port San Carlos, near San Carlos on East Falkland.

## Landings

During the night, 3 Commando Brigade along with attached units of the Parachute Regiment were landed from the liner SS Canberra and the LPD HMS Fearless. There was very limited enemy resistance on the ground.
The Argentine Army force on site was a section from the 25th Infantry Regiment named Combat Team Güemes (Spanish: Equipo de Combate Güemes), or EC Güemes, located at Fanning Head. After the British fleet was spotted at 02:50, EC Güemes opened fire with 81mm mortars and two 105mm recoilless rifles. The British warships replied with naval gunfire, and a 25-man SBS team also returned fire. During the firefight, two British helicopters, a Sea King and a Gazelle, passed overhead, and the Argentine troops fired at them with machine guns. The Gazelle's pilot, Sergeant Andrew Evans - RM, was hit and fatally injured, but he managed to crash-land the aircraft into the sea. Evans and the other crewman, Sergeant Edward Candlish, were thrown out of the aircraft. Argentine troops shot at them for about 15 minutes as they struggled in the water, ignoring orders from their commanding officer to ceasefire. When the firing ceased, Candlish managed to drag Evans to shore, where he died. Minutes later, a second British Gazelle helicopter, following the same route as the first, was hit by small arms fire from the Argentine platoon and shot down, killing the crew, Lt. Ken Francis and L/Cpl. Pat Giffin.
The Argentinians eventually retreated from Fanning Head, abandoning their communications equipment. At least eight members of another Argentinian platoon who fled the scene were left behind and captured by the British.
Argentine commandos of the 601 Commando Company shot down a GR.3 Harrier on a reconnaissance mission on Port Howard with a Blowpipe missile. The pilot, Flight Lieutenant Glover, bailed out, breaking his arm and collar bone in the process. He was taken prisoner by Argentine soldiers shortly afterward, and flown to a military hospital in Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina. Six Argentine pilots were killed during the operation.
The invasion, part of the overall Operation Corporate, sparked a strong reply from the Argentine Air Force and Argentine Naval Aviation and led to the Battle of San Carlos.
# Munir Pirmohamed

Professor Sir Munir Pirmohamed is a British clinical pharmacologist and geneticist. Since 2007 he has been the NHS Chair of Pharmacogenetics at the University of Liverpool.

## Background

He attended the former St Paul’s School and Peterborough Technical College.
Pirmohamed studied medicine at the University of Liverpool from 1980 to 1985. He was awarded a PhD in pharmacology in 1993, and began working as a consultant physician at the Royal Liverpool University Hospital in 1996. Pirmohamed gained the position of Personal Chair in Clinical Pharmacology at The University of Liverpool in 2001. He went on to become the NHS Chair of Pharmacogenetics in 2007 and the David Weatherall Chair of Medicine at the University of Liverpool in 2013. He was a member of the Commission on Human Medicines and chair of its Pharmacovigilance Expert Advisory Group from 2005 to 2020 and was appointed chair of the commission in 2021,
He is Director of the Centre for Drug Safety Science, Director of the Wolfson Centre of Personalised Medicine, and Director of the MRC Clinical Pharmacology Training Scheme, all at the University of Liverpool. In addition, he is Director of HDR North, part of HDR UK.
Alongside these responsibilities, Pirmohamed is a non-executive director for NHS England/Improvement, a member of the governing council of the Medical Research Council, a medical trustee for the British Heart Foundation, and was president of the British Pharmacological Society from January 2020 to December 2021. He is president-elect of the Association of Physicians for 2022, and will become president in 2023.
In 2022, he chaired a committee that produced a report, Personalised prescribing, on behalf of the Royal College of Physicians of London and the British Pharmacological Society, which advocates the implementation of pharmacogenomics into the UK NHS.

## Research

Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacogenetics and drug safety are the main areas of Pirmohamed's research. With a particular focus on adverse drug reactions, their role in improving prescription choices and the development of genetic tests for personalised medicine. He has published over 600 articles. He is included the 2021 list of highly cited researchers by Clarivate, and has been ranked number 1 expert in pharmacogenetics worldwide by Expertscape.

## Awards

Pirmohamed is an inaugural NIHR Senior Investigator and is a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences. Pirmohamed has received the William Withering Medal from the Royal College of Physicians and the IPIT award for Public Service from the University of North Carolina in the US. and the Bionow Outstanding Contribution award for 2021. He was knighted the in Queen's Birthday Honours in June 2015 for services to Medicine.

## Professional memberships

* British Medical Association
* British Pharmacological Society
* Association of Physicians
* Medical Council on Alcohol
* Medical Research Society
* Fellowship of Postgraduate Medicine
* Academy of Medical Sciences

## Funding

Pirmohamed has been awarded funding from The UK Department of Health, NIHR, MRC, Wellcome Trust, Wolfson Foundation, and the EU FP7 programme funds .
# Koki (village)

Koki (Ingush: Коки) is a medieval village (aul) in the Dzheyrakhsky District of Ingushetia. It is part of the rural settlement (administrative center) of Guli. Koki is the ancestral village of Ingush clan (teip) Kokurkhoy (Ingush: Кокурхой).

## Geography

The village is located on a forest clearing 1580 m above sea level on the slope of Mount Cherekhkort, on the left bank of the Guloykhi River, not far from the border with Georgia. The nearest settlements are: in the northeast — Vovnushki, in the south — Nelkh, in the northwest — Puy, in the valley of the Assa River.

## History

The tower complex of Koki is estimated to be built no later than the 16th century. It now consists of the ruins of a battle tower and six residential tower buildings, which in the past were united by means of a stone defensive wall into a single fortified complex. On the neighboring slope, across a mountain stream, there are ruins of more structures, usually called "Upper Koki", which are easily visible from the Guloy-khi gorge. Within the village there are 3 dilapidated above-ground collective crypt tombs of the late Middle Ages, situated on a mountain slope. The local men were considered excellent warriors and hunters in the past, as well as experienced cattle breeders and beekeepers, and the women were considered master dressmakers who knew the intricacies of gold and silver embroidery.
According to the family tree of the Kokurkhoy clan (teip), they were known as the descendants of Fèrta Shoulí, who for centuries were among the defenders of the "Ghalghai outposts" (Ingush: Ghalghai Koashke), historically also called the "Durdzuk Gates" in the valley of the Assa River.
In the autumn of 1910, the towers of the village of Koki were blown up by tsarist troops, for harboring abrek Zelimkhan. In 1911, the inhabitants of Koki (Kek) and the neighboring village of Nelkh (Nilkh) were deported to the Irkutsk and Yenisei provinces in Siberia. In 1913, the repressed were rehabilitated and allowed to return to their homeland, but it was not possible to restore the towers.

## Hydronymy

According to historian Makka Albogachieva, near the village Keï of the Tsorin society exists a mountain pack trail located by a small river called Kukurkhoy-khi.
# Edward Montagu-Stuart-Wortley-Mackenzie, 1st Earl of Wharncliffe

Edward Montagu Stuart Granville Montagu-Stuart-Wortley-Mackenzie, 1st Earl of Wharncliffe (15 December 1827 – 13 May 1899), was a British peer and railway executive.

## Early life

A member of the Stuart family headed by the Marquess of Bute, Wharncliffe was the eldest son of John Stuart-Wortley-Mackenzie, 2nd Baron Wharncliffe, and his wife Lady Georgiana Elizabeth, daughter of Dudley Ryder, 1st Earl of Harrowby.

## Career

He succeeded his father in the barony in 1855. He was Chairman of Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway, which under his leadership became the Great Central Railway. In 1876 he was created Viscount Carlton, of Carlton in the West Riding in the County of York, and Earl of Wharncliffe, in the West Riding of the County of York, with remainder to his younger brother the Hon. Francis Dudley Stuart-Wortley-Mackenzie. In 1880 he assumed by Royal licence the additional surname of Montagu.

## Personal life

Lord Wharncliffe married Lady Susan Charlotte, daughter of Henry Lascelles, 3rd Earl of Harewood, in 1855. They had no children.
Lord Wharncliffe died in May 1899, aged 71, and was succeeded (in the viscountcy and earldom according to the special remainder) by his nephew Francis. The Countess of Wharncliffe died in May 1927.
# 1983 San Marino general election

General elections were held in San Marino on 29 May 1983. The Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party remained the largest party, winning 26 of the 60 seats in the Grand and General Council. Following the elections the Sammarinese Communist Party continued their coalition with the Sammarinese Socialist Party and the Unitary Socialist Party.

## Electoral system

Voters had to be citizens of San Marino and at least 18 years old. This was the first Sammarinese general election in which suffrage was granted to people under 24 years of age.

## Results

| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
| | Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party | 7,068 | 42.07 | 26 | 0 |
| | Sammarinese Communist Party | 4,096 | 24.38 | 15 | –1 |
| | Sammarinese Socialist Party | 2,490 | 14.82 | 9 | +1 |
| | Unitary Socialist Party | 2,333 | 13.89 | 8 | +1 |
| | Sammarinese Socialist Democratic Party | 487 | 2.90 | 1 | –1 |
| | Democratic Consent–Republican Party | 328 | 1.95 | 1 | New |
| Total | Total | 16,802 | 100.00 | 60 | 0 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 16,802 | 97.63 | | |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 407 | 2.37 | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | 17,209 | 100.00 | | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 21,588 | 79.72 | | |
| Source: Nohlen & Stöver ||||||
# Targim

Targim (Ingush: Тӏаргам, romanized: Thargam) is an ancient city-settlement in the Dzheyrakhsky District of Ingushetia. It is part of the rural settlement (administrative center) of Guli. The entire territory of the settlement is included in the Dzheyrakh-Assa State Historical-Architectural and Natural Museum-Reserve and is under state protection.

## Nomenclature

Some researchers associate Thargam (Targim) with the name of the legendary Thargamos. A. Suleymanov believed that "Thargam" could mean "shield".

## Geography

It is located in the south of Ingushetia, on the right bank of the Assa River in the Targim basin. Altitude above sea level: 1080 m. The nearest settlements are: in the northwest — Egikal, in the southwest — Khamkhi, in the south — Gureti, in the west — Barkhane.

## History

On the territory of Targim, remains of megalithic cyclopean dwellings dating back to the II-I millennium BC were found. According to legend, the powerful tower fortresses of Targim, Egikal and Khamkhi in the valley of Ghalghaï Koashke (“Ghalghaï outposts”) were founded by three brothers, the sons of the legendary Alby (in other sources "Gha"). The youngest of them was Targim (Thargam), who settled across the river Assa.
In the second half of the 18th century (1770s), the German researcher J.A. Güldenstädt indicated Targim among the total number of Ingush villages and districts.
# Frederick W. Whitridge

Frederick Wallingford Whitridge (August 8, 1852 – December 30, 1916) was President of the Third Avenue Railway Company.

## Biography

He was born on August 8, 1852, in New Bedford, Massachusetts, to John C. Whitridge. He married the daughter of Matthew Arnold. He died on December 30, 1916, three days after his appendix operation.
In 1919, Whitridge’s daughter Eleanor Lucia married Lt. Col. Norman Thwaites, Director of the British Mission, New York. and they had two sons and two daughters.
# 1851 in archaeology

Below are notable events in archaeology that occurred in 1851.

## Excavations

* Some excavation at Susa by William Loftus, who identifies the location.

## Publications

* J. Collingwood Bruce's The Roman Wall: a historical, topographical, and descriptive account of the barrier of the lower isthmus, extending from the Tyne to the Solway.
* Daniel Wilson's The Archaeology and Prehistoric Annals of Scotland, which introduces the word prehistoric into the English archaeological vocabulary.

## Miscellaneous

* John Disney endows the Disney Professorship of Archaeology in the University of Cambridge, first held by John Howard Marsden

## Births

* 29 June: Jane Dieulafoy, born Jeanne Magre, French archaeologist, excavator of Susa, explorer, novelist and journalist (d. 1916)
* 8 July: Arthur Evans, English archaeologist best known for discovering the palace of Knossos on Crete (d. 1941)
# 1906 Danish Folketing election

Folketing elections were held in Denmark on 29 May 1906. The result was a victory for the Venstre Reform Party, which won 56 of the 114 seats. Voter turnout was 69.8%.

## Results

| | Venstre Reform Party | 94,272 | 31.21 | 56 | –17 |
| | Social Democratic Party | 76,612 | 25.36 | 24 | +8 |
| | Højre | 63,335 | 20.97 | 12 | 0 |
| | Danish Social Liberal Party | 38,151 | 12.63 | 9 | New |
| | Moderate Venstre | 20,487 | 6.78 | 9 | –3 |
| | Independents | 9,099 | 3.01 | 4 | +3 |
| No votes | No votes | 116 | 0.04 | – | – |
| Total | Total | 302,072 | 100.00 | 114 | 0 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 302,072 | 98.80 | | |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 3,666 | 1.20 | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | 305,738 | 100.00 | | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 438,341 | 69.75 | | |
| Source: Nohlen & Stöver ||||||
# Benjamin Halpern

Benjamin S. Halpern is a marine biologist and ecologist currently working at the University of California, Santa Barbara. His research has addressed a broad range of questions that span local to global scales, including spatial population dynamics, trophic interactions in community ecology, and the interface between ecology and human dynamics, all with the ultimate aim of informing and facilitating conservation and resource management efforts in marine systems. He is widely known for his research on marine protected areas (MPAs), cumulative impacts from human activities, and more recently his leadership in developing the Ocean Health Index.

## Early life and education

Halpern was born in Eugene, Oregon, and spent his childhood there. He earned his B.A. in Biology from Carleton College in 1995, and a Ph.D. in Marine Ecology from the University of California, Santa Barbara in 2003.

## Career

After completing his Ph.D., Halpern held a joint Postdoctoral Fellowship through the David H. Smith program and the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS). He was then a Research Scientist based at NCEAS until 2013 when he started as faculty at UCSB's Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, a position he still holds, and held a Chair in Marine Conservation at Imperial College London until 2018. In 2016 he became Executive Director of NCEAS.

## Awards and honors

He is recognized for marine conservation and resource management and was the recipient of the 2016 A.G. Huntsman Award for Excellence in the Marine Sciences.In 2017 he was inducted as a Fellow in the California Academy of Sciences and won the Peter Benchley Ocean Award for Excellence in Science. In 2018 he was awarded the Ocean Award for Science; in 2020 he was elected a Fellow of the Ecological Society of America. In 2024 he was selected as a Selby Fellow by the Australian Academy of Science. He was also recognized by Thomson-Reuters as One of the World’s Most Influential Scientific Minds.
# 2024 Slovenian referendum

A four-question non-binding referendum was held in Slovenia on 9 June 2024. The questions were:
* Should Slovenia allow the cultivation and processing of cannabis for medical purposes on its territory?
* Should Slovenia allow the cultivation and possession of cannabis for limited personal use on its territory?
* Are you in favor of adopting a law that will regulate the right to medically assisted dying?
* Are you in favor of introducing open lists for the elections of deputies to the National Assembly, which will ensure that voters have a decisive influence on the choice of a deputy?

## Results

| Question | For | For | Against | Against | Invalid/ blank | Total votes | Registered voters | Turnout | Outcome |
| Question | Votes | % | Votes | % | Invalid/ blank | Total votes | Registered voters | Turnout | Outcome |
| Medical cannabis | 462,292 | 66.71 | 230,724 | 33.29 | 7,923 | 700,939 | 1,692,371 | 41.42 | Approved |
| Cannabis for personal use | 356,944 | 51.57 | 335,183 | 48.43 | 8,759 | 700,886 | 1,692,371 | 41.41 | Approved |
| Voluntary euthanasia | 378,917 | 54.89 | 311,429 | 45.11 | 10,651 | 700,997 | 1,692,371 | 41.42 | Approved |
| Election reform | 486,516 | 70.89 | 199,744 | 29.11 | 14,593 | 700,853 | 1,692,371 | 41.41 | Approved |
| Source: Volitve ||||||||||
# Cape Verdeans in France

Cape Verdeans in France are residents of France who are from Cape Verde or have Cape Verdean ancestry.
Cape Verdeans began arriving in France in 1964, from Rotterdam, Dakar, and Lisbon. They took jobs in the coal mines, in the iron foundries, and as masons, and the women typically became domestics. Prior to independence in 1975, Cape Verdean immigrants were registered as Portuguese immigrants from the overseas province of Portuguese Cape Verde. The Cape Verdeans immigrants concentrated in the cities of Paris.
As of 1995, it was estimated that there were 8,000 Cape Verdeans in France and the 1999 census counted 21,000 descendants. As of 2007, the embassy in Paris had 17,544 registered Cape Verdeans, although that number only includes those who are documented and registered. Many are undocumented or choose not to register with the embassy. Additionally, tabulating is difficult because many Cape Verdeans arrived in France with passports from other host countries, like Portugal or the Netherlands. Thus, taking all these factors into consideration, the embassy estimates that there are about 21,000 Cape Verdeans and their descendants currently residing in France. As of 2008, the Cape Verde Consulate in Marseille was attempting to help Cape Verdeans in France find jobs.

## Notable people

* Patrick Vieira
* Georges Santos
* Manuel dos Santos Fernandes
* Stomy Bugsy
* Jacques Faty
* Ricardo Faty
* Mayra Andrade
# You Will Go to the Moon (book)

You Will Go To The Moon is a work of children's literature written by Mae and Ira Freeman and illustrated by Robert Patterson, published in 1959, ten years before the first crewed Moon landing. The first edition was reprinted in England in 1962 under the same title. A second edition was published in 1971, with new illustrations reflecting NASA's Project Apollo. This was reprinted in England in 1973 under the title Going to the Moon.
The book is a children's story in the Beginner Books series, written using a restricted vocabulary of simple words for a readership age of six. The illustrations show a lunar mission concept based on the von Braun and Ley space exploration concepts of 1952 (see Man Will Conquer Space Soon!), featuring winged three-stage rockets ferrying the passengers to a rotating-wheel space station, serving as a transfer station to the spider-like lunar surface shuttle.
The writing is unusual in that it is written in the second-person future tense.
# Dasht-e Sar District

Dasht-e Sar District (Persian: بخش دشت ‌سر) is in Amol County, Mazandaran province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Ejbar Kola.

## History

After the 2011 National Census, Dasht-e Sar Rural District was separated from Dabudasht District in the establishment of Dasht-e Sar District. After the 2016 census, the village of Ejbar Kola was elevated to the status of a city.

## Demographics
### Population

The 2016 census measured the population of the district as 38,888 inhabitants in 12,812 households.

### Administrative divisions

Dasht-e Sar District Population :
| Administrative Divisions | 2016 |
| Dasht-e Sar-e Gharbi RD | 18,742 |
| Dasht-e Sar-e Sharqi RD | 20,146 |
| Ejbar Kola (city) | |
| Total | 38,888 |
| RD = Rural District ||
# Levenger

Levenger is a privately held retail company based in Delray Beach, Florida. Founded in 1987, it sells products such as portfolios, stationery, planners, and leather briefcases.

## History

Levenger was founded in 1987 by Steve and Lori Leveen. The name “Levenger” was derived from their surnames, Leveen (Leve-) and Granger (-nger). They began selling lamps with an ad placed in The New Yorker magazine, using their neighbor's garage as the fulfillment center and their spare bedroom as the company's main office. They used retirement funds for the startup of the company, and in two months after running the ad, Levenger had 47 customers. 1999, the company had grown to be a US$60M business.

## Products

Levenger sells products that include portfolios, stationery, planners, and leather briefcases.
# 1857 in archaeology

Below are notable events in archaeology that occurred in 1857.

## Events

* Shadwell forgeries first made.

## Excavations

* Coldrum Long Barrow in south east England.

## Finds

* First artifacts of La Tène culture at La Tène, Switzerland.
* Battersea Shield in the River Thames.

## Publications

* William Wilde begins publication of a classified catalogue of the museum of the Royal Irish Academy.

## Births

* 3 June - Jacques de Morgan, French archaeologist (d. 1924)
* 27 July - E. A. Wallis Budge, English Egyptologist (d. 1934)

## Deaths

* 6 May - John Disney, English barrister and archaeologist (b. 1799)
# 1860 in archaeology

Below are notable events in archaeology that occurred in 1860.

## Explorations

* Ernest Renan visits the Roman temple of Bziza.

## Excavations

* Giuseppe Fiorelli takes charge of excavations at Pompeii.
* Ernest Renan makes excavations at Byblos.
* Excavation of Holyhead Mountain Hut Circles on Holy Island, Anglesey, off the coast of Wales.

## Finds

* Édouard Lartet discovers stone tools (of a type already found in England) at Aurignac.
* Cornet De Groot rediscovers Muara Takus Buddhist temple complex in Indonesia.
* Atalante Hermes from Atalante and Hermes of Aegium from Aegium in Greece.

## Publications

* Evans, John (January 1860). "On the Occurrence of Flint Implements in undisturbed Beds of Gravel, Sand, and Clay". Archaeologia. 38 (2). London: 280–307. doi:10.1017/s0261340900001454. Archived from the original on 2012-02-22. Retrieved 2012-02-24.
* Prestwich, Joseph (January 1860). "On the Occurrence of Flint-implements, associated with the Remains of Animals of Extinct Species in Beds of a late Geological Period, in France at Amiens and Abbeville, and in England at Hoxne". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. 150. London: 277–317. doi:10.1098/rstl.1860.0018. hdl:2027/chi.098241705. S2CID 111126826.

## Births

* July 15 - Max von Oppenheim, German Near Eastern archaeologist (d. 1946).
* November 8 - Francis J. Haverfield, English Romano-British archaeologist (d. 1919).