OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Battle of Abeïbara

On May 21, 2008, Tuareg rebels from the Niger-Mali Tuareg Alliance attacked Malian forces in Abeïbara, Kidal Region, Mali, but were repulsed.

## Background

The Niger-Mali Tuareg Alliance (ATNM) led by Ibrahim Ag Bahanga began its rebellion in 2007 against the Malian government in tandem with other Tuareg rebels groups in the neighboring country of Niger. Negotiations between the ATNM, Mali, and Algeria had been ongoing since September 2007, but Algeria backed out of the negotiations in early 2008 following Libyan mediation. Around this time, Algeria had also been accused of abetting the ATNM in holding Malian hostages on Algerian soil.

## Battle

Around 4 or 5 in the morning on May 21, the town of Abeibara was attacked by the ATNM. Several hundred ATNM fighters transported by pick-ups surrounded the town and it's outlying National Guard posts, before opening fire on them from the nearby heights. Malian soldiers in the town responded with heavy weapons. Fighting lasted for ten hours into the afternoon, and the ATNM was eventually pushed back from the city.
The Malian Ministry of Defense announced the deaths of fifteen Malian soldiers and injuries of six others, along with the deaths of seventeen ATNM fighters and twenty-five injured. Security sources in Kidal stated that the death toll for the ATNM could be higher due to the severity of some of the injuries. A spokesperson for the ATNM stated that two Malian tabks were destroyed and sixty Malian soldiers were captured, and that one ATNM fighter was killed and two others lightly injured.

## Aftermath

The United Nations expressed concern and called for a peace process following the battle. The Algerian government also resumed negotiations with Mali and the ATNM following the battle. A number of civilians fled the town following the attacks as well.
# Derrick Wells

Derrick Wells (born July 8, 1993) is an American football safety. He played college football at Minnesota.

## Tampa Bay Buccaneers

Wells was signed as an undrafted rookie on May 18, 2015.
# 1959 Kamchatka earthquake

The 1959 Kamchatka earthquake occurred on May 4 at 19:15 local time with a moment magnitude of 8.0–8.3, and a surface wave magnitude of 8.25. The epicenter was near the Kamchatka Peninsula, Russian SFSR, USSR. Building damage was reported in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. The maximum intensity was VIII (Damaging) on the Medvedev–Sponheuer–Karnik scale. The intensity in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky was about VIII MSK.
The earthquake triggered a tsunami with 0.2 meters (7.9 in) of runup that was recorded in Massacre Bay, Alaska, in the United States. Subduction is active along about the southern half of the eastern coast of Kamchatka Peninsula, between its junctions with the Aleutian Islands and the Kuril Islands.

## Tectonic setting

Kamchatka lies near a large convergent boundary—the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench—which accommodates the subduction of the Pacific plate under the Okhotsk plate (a microplate within the North American plate). Subduction occurs at a rate of 80 mm (3.1 in)/yr at the trench, increasing from north to south. This subduction zone generates Kamchatka earthquakes and their associated tsunamis. This subduction zone is associated with many large events throughout history, including earthquakes in 1737, 1841, 1923, and 1952. The 1737 earthquake was likely the strongest event on the peninsula, with magnitudes reaching M$_w$  9.3 and tsunami run-ups reportedly exceeding 60 m (200 ft) The 1841 event is considered slightly weaker, with maximum magnitude estimates reaching M$_w$  9.0–9.2, and the tsunami run-up was 15 m (49 ft). The 1923 earthquake was also quite strong, measuring M$_w$  8.5. The 1952 event was the most recent of the great earthquakes (M$_w$  8.5+) along the Kuril-Kamchatka trench, and measured M$_w$  9.0. The resulting tsunami from this earthquake generated runups up to 18 m (59 ft) high.

## Earthquake

The earthquake struck at 7:15 UTC, or 19:15 local time on May 4, 1959. The earthquake occurred at a depth of 20–60 km (12–37 mi), with a magnitude of 8.0–8.3. This event nucleated near where the 1952 earthquake ruptured with the most slip, and just south of the 1923 earthquake. The shock ruptured an area 160 km (99 mi) wide, and 110 km (68 mi) long. The maximum intensity on the Medvedev–Sponheuer–Karnik scale (MSK) was VIII (Damaging), and maximum felt intensities in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky were also MSK VIII.

## Tsunami

The tsunami was small, which was expected for the size of the earthquake. Run-ups of 1.5–2 m (4 ft 11 in – 6 ft 7 in) were recorded, and at the Honolulu tide gauge, readings of 0.1 m (3.9 in) above the tide were also recorded. Readings of 0.2 m (7.9 in) run-ups in Hawaii were reported as well. In Massacre Bay, Alaska, run-ups of up to 0.2 m (7.9 in) were recorded.
# John Armstrong (frontiersman)

John Armstrong (April 20, 1755 – February 4, 1816) was an American soldier and judge. He was born in New Jersey. During the American Revolutionary War he served as an officer in the Continental Army with the 12th Pennsylvania Regiment and the 3rd Pennsylvania Regiment. His service record is sometimes confused with the more famous John Armstrong, Jr., a Pennsylvania officer who became U.S. Secretary of War.
Armstrong rejoined the United States Army in 1784 and served during the Northwest Indian War. In 1790, General Josiah Harmar sent him on an exploration mission in the Northwest Territory. Later that year he led a detachment of regular soldiers that accompanied Kentucky militia under Colonel John Hardin in an expedition to attack a Native American village on the Eel River. The Americans were ambushed in the battle; the militia fled and Armstrong barely escaped with his life. He resigned from the Army in March 1793.
After the war, he served as treasurer of the Northwest Territory, a judge in Hamilton County, Ohio, and as magistrate in Columbia, Ohio. He spent his final years in Clark County, Indiana, where he died.
# Le Bourg-Saint-Léonard

Le Bourg-Saint-Léonard (French pronunciation: ) is a former commune in the Orne department in northwestern France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Gouffern en Auge.
# Equisetum thermale

Equisetum thermale is an extinct horsetail species in the family Equisetaceae described from a group of whole plant fossils including rhizomes, stems, and leaves. The species is known from Middle to Late Jurassic sediments exposed in the province of Santa Cruz, Argentina. It is one of several extinct species placed in the living genus Equisetum.

## History and classification

Equisetum thermale is represented by a series of fossil specimens preserved in hot springs deposits preserved in the Callovian to Tithonian aged La Matilde Formation. The group is part of the Bahía Laura Group exposed in the northwestern region of the Deseado Massif. The formations is the result of Jurassic age fault generated valleys filled by lacustrian infilling and hydrothermal activity represented by epithermal deposits. One such hot spring deposit, the San Agustín hot spring complex was reported in 2010 and is noted for the preservation of plants growing around the complex by silicification. Along with the other fossils found at the site specimens of Equisetum thermale are highly detailed and complete.
The species was described from a part and counterpart pair of specimens, the holotype, number "MPM-PB 2029" which is currently preserved in the paleobotanical collections housed at the Museo Provincial Padre Jesús Molina, Río Gallegos, Santa Cruz, Argentina. The specimens were studied by a group of four Welsh and Argentinian paleobotanists led by Alan Channing of the School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Wales. Channing and his team published their 2011 type description for E. thermale in the American Journal of Botany. The etymology of the chosen specific name thermale is in recognition of both the geology of the type location and as a reference to the original habitat of a hot spring.

## Description

Equisetum thermale shows a combination of morphological characters found in both of the living Equisetum subgenera, E. subgenus Hippochaete and E. subgenus Equisetum. As with members of Equisetum (Equisetum), E. thermale has stoma, occasionally paired, placed on the surface of the stem on both irregular horizontal bands and in vertical files. E. thermale also show infrequent branching of the stems, a feature found only in Equisetum (Hippochaete). This combination is to the modern species Equisetum bogotense which is generally placed as a sister species to the subgenera. Overall the stems of E. thermale grew up to 10 centimetres (3.9 in) long and 0.7–4 millimetres (0.028–0.157 in) in diameter with between six and twelve ridges to the stem. Each of the nodes on the stem have up to twelve single veined leaves which correspond to the number of ridges on the stem.
# Nagen Neog

Nagen Neog (died 6 May 1996) was an Indian politician from the state of Assam. He served as Member of Assam Legislative Assembly for Golgahat and as Rural Development Minister in the Hiteswar Saikia Cabinet until his assassination. He was the husband of the current Finance minister of Assam, Ajanta Neog, and son in law of MLA Rebati Das.

## Political career

Neog was the Indian National Congress candidate for the constituency of Golaghat in the 1983 Assam Legislative Assembly election. He received 2222 votes, 89.34% of the total vote and won the seat, defeating his nearest opponent by 2063 votes. He lost in the 1985 Assam Legislative Assembly election. He was again the Indian National Congress candidate for Golaghat in 1991, he received 27222 votes, 38.82% of the total vote and became MLA again. He became Rural Development Minister in the Hiteswar Saikia cabinet.

### Death

On 6 May 1996, 2 days after the 1996 Assam Legislative Assembly Election, Neog was returning home in Baruagaon,15 kilometres from the District Headquarter town of Golaghat. Neog, with 8 people including his driver and 5 bodyguards were all killed. The accused killers served time in prison but were later acquitted in 2013 on grounds of lack of sufficient evidence.
# Vanni Van bombing

The Vanni Van bombing, also referred to as the Murukandy claymore attack, was the bombing of a private van on May 23, 2008 which killed sixteen civilians, including five children. A local Human rights organization, NESOHR alleged that the attack was carried out by the Deep Penetration Unit of the Sri Lankan army.

## Background

There had been series of attacks on LTTE commanders and Tamil civilians living in the rebel controlled Vanni region allegedly by the Deep Penetration Unit of the Sri Lankan army

## Incident

The incident took place when a private van was hit by a claymore mine when it was returning from the Akkaraayan hospital to Kilinochchi on Murikandy -Akkaraayan Road on the May 23, 2008 at 2.15 in the afternoon. The Pro-LTTE NESHOR claimed that the attack was carried out by the Deep Penetration Unit of the Sri Lankan army. Tamilnet, a pro-rebel news website, claimed that earlier in the same day an ambulance was targeted in a similar fashion. It further claimed that the Deep Penetration Unit of the Sri Lankan army was responsible for both attacks.
# Design Issues

Design Issues is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering design history, theory, and criticism. The journal typically includes theoretical and critical articles, book reviews, and illustrations. Design Issues was established in 1984 and is published online and in hard copy by MIT Press.

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
* Academic Search
* Art Abstracts
* Arts & Humanities Citation Index
* Bibliography of the History of Art
* Current Contents
* Dietrich's Index Philosophicus
* International Bibliography of Periodical Literature in the Humanities & Social Sciences
* International Bibliography of Book Reviews of Scholarly Research on the Humanities & Social Sciences
* MLA International Bibliography
* Scopus
* TOC Premier
# Babban Khala Ki Betiyann

Babban Khala Ki Betiyan is a 2018 Pakistani drama serial that premiered on 21 June 2018 on ARY Digital. It is directed by Syed Atif Hussain and written by Mansoor Ahmed Khan. It stars Zaheen Tahira, Qavi Khan, Saima Noor, Sana Fakhar, Javeria Abbasi, and Maria Wasti. The serial is produced by Fahad Mustafa and Dr.Ali Kazmi under their banner Big Bang Entertainment. The show is the longest running Pakistani weekly series; beating Alif Allah Aur Insaan on Hum TV. The show ended on 8 June 2019 with 48 episodes; creating a record for Pakistani television.

## Cast

* Zaheen Tahira as Babban khala
* Qavi Khan as Basharat
* Saima Noor as Ishrat (Dead)
* Sana Fakhar as Durdana aka Dolly
* Javeria Abbasi as Musarat aka Mommi
* Maria Wasti as Habiba aka Billo
* Faryal Mehmood as Bisma aka Baby (Dead)
* Farah Nadir as Asad's stepmother
* Srha Asghar as aneesa aka Bubbly
* Sameena Nazir as Najma Aunty
* Ghazala Butt as Ruqaiya Phupo
* Tariq Jameel as Munawwar Phupa
* Shamil Khan as Qaiser (Dead)
* Hassan Ahmed as Asad
* Laiba Khan as Anam
* Ali Josh as Munna
* Maira Khan as Munna's Second Wife
* Arslan Faisal as Pappu
* Faizan Shaikh as Guddu

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Award | Category | Recipient(s) | Result | Ref. |
| 2019 | ARY Digital- Social Media Drama Awards 2018 | Best Supporting Actor (Female) | Javeria Abbasi | Nominated | |
# Lunularic acid decarboxylase

Lunularic acid decarboxylase is an enzyme that converts lunularic acid into lunularin.
A lunularic acid decarboxylase has been detected from the liverwort Conocephalum conicum.
# 2008 Quebec provincial by-elections

Provincial by-elections were held in Quebec on 12 May 2008 to fill three vacancies in the National Assembly. The by-elections were called on 9 April 2008.
All three seats were held by their incumbent parties.

## Bourget

The district of Bourget was vacated by Parti Québécois MNA Diane Lemieux on 17 October 2007. Federal Bloc Québécois MP Maka Kotto resigned from the House of Commons of Canada to contest the by-election, which in turn resulted in the federal Saint-Lambert by-election of September 8, 2008.
Bourget by-election, 12 May 2008 resignation of Diane Lemieux :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| Parti Québécois | Maka Kotto | 6575 | 40.66 | -0.60 |
| Liberal Party | Lyn Thériault | 5161 | 31.92 | +9.07 |
| Green | Scott McKay | 1839 | 11.37 | +3.28 |
| Action démocratique | Denis Mondor | 1520 | 9.40 | -13.61 |
| Québec solidaire | Gaétan Legault | 700 | 4.33 | +0.14 |
| Parti indépendantiste | Richard Gervais | 376 | 2.33 | – |

## Hull

The riding of Hull was vacated by Liberal MNA Roch Cholette on 9 April 2008.
Hull by-election, 12 May 2008 resignation of Roch Cholette :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| Liberal Party | Maryse Gaudreault | 7403 | 45.21 | +2.68 |
| Parti Québécois | Gilles Aubé | 5559 | 33.95 | +10.02 |
| Québec solidaire | Bill Clennett | 1589 | 9.70 | +1.77 |
| Green | Brian Gibb | 1185 | 7.24 | -1.09 |
| Action démocratique | Jean-Philip Ruel | 529 | 3.23 | -13.83 |
| Parti indépendantiste | Jean-Roch Villemaire | 111 | 0.68 | – |

## Pointe-aux-Trembles

Pointe-aux-Trembles was vacated by PQ MNA André Boisclair on 15 November 2007. The by-election was won by Nicole Léger, Boisclair's predecessor as MNA for the riding.
Pointe-aux-Trembles by-election, 12 May 2008 resignation of André Boisclair :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| Parti Québécois | Nicole Léger | 7657 | 55.99 | +8.69 |
| Liberal Party | Mélissa Dumais | 2987 | 21.84 | +3.60 |
| Action démocratique | Diane Bellemare | 1882 | 13.76 | -12.69 |
| Green | Xavier Daxhelet | 661 | 4.83 | +0.52 |
| Québec solidaire | Marie Josèphe Pigeon | 226 | 1.65 | -0.97 |
| Parti indépendantiste | Colette Provost | 153 | 1.12 | – |
| Independent | Gérald Briand | 78 | 0.57 | – |
| Independent | Régent Millette | 31 | 0.23 | – |
# Detroit Building

The Detroit Building is a high-rise office building located at 2210 Park Avenue, in Downtown Detroit, Michigan.

## Description

The building was constructed in 1923, and stands at 10 floors in height. It was designed in the Beaux-Arts architectural style.
* Architects: Arnold & Shreve
* The building was named originally named the Detroit Life Insurance Company Building after the building's main tenant, which occupied the top four floors.
* This building became part of the Park Avenue Historic District in 1997.
The building is to be renovated as part of the new hockey arena district announced in 2013.
# Crackington Haven

50°44′40″N 4°38′16″W﻿ / ﻿50.74454°N 4.63774°W﻿ / 50.74454; -4.63774
Crackington Haven (Cornish: Porthkragen, meaning "sandstone cove") is a coastal village in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is in the civil parish of St Gennys at grid reference SX140972 at the head of a cove on the Atlantic coast. The village is seven miles (11 km) south-southwest of Bude and four miles (7 km) north-northeast of Boscastle.
Middle Crackington and Higher Crackington are associated settlements. They are situated on the hill southeast of Crackington Haven, half-a-mile and one mile distant respectively.

## Geography

Crackington Haven is popular with tourists, walkers, and geology students. The surrounding cliffs are well known for their visible folded sedimentary rock formations. The village gives its name to the Crackington Formation, a sequence of Carboniferous sandstones and grey shales.
The village has two café-style tea rooms, and a pub called the Coombe Barton Inn in a building that was originally the house of a local slate quarry manager.
Crackington Haven has a stony foreshore but a sandy beach is revealed at low water. The local parish council has put up signs asking that people do not remove stones, and saying that people who do will be prosecuted under the 1949 Coastal Protection Act. There are toilet facilities near the beach and lifeguard cover in the summer.
Immediately north of the beach is Pencarrow Point and a few hundred yards south is Cambeak headland (between Tremoutha Haven and Cam Strand); the clifftop here is 328 ft. Cambeak is derived from Old Cornish and means "crooked point". One mile south of Crackington Haven, High Cliff rises to 735 feet (224 m) . It is Cornwall's highest cliff, (Great Hangman in Devon has a cliff face of 820 feet (250 m).
Crackington Haven lies within the Cornwall Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB). Almost a third of Cornwall has AONB designation, with the same status and protection as a National Park.

## History

The manor of Crackington was recorded in the Domesday Book (1086) when it was one of several manors held by Berner from Robert, Count of Mortain. There was half a hide of land and land for 3 ploughs. There were 1 plough, 2 serfs, 6 smallholders, 4 acres of underwood, 20 acres of pasture, 4 cattle, 3 pigs and 25 sheep. The value of the manor was 10 shillings though it had formerly been worth £1 sterling.
Until the nineteenth century, Crackington Haven was a small port similar to many others on the north coast of Cornwall. Limestone and coal were imported and slate and other local produce were exported. After the railways reached the district in 1893 the village could be reached more easily (from the North Cornwall Railway station at Otterham) so holidaymaking became more common.
Crackington Haven was badly affected by the 2004 flood that damaged several other villages, notably Boscastle. The road bridge across the stream, several homes and the pub were damaged by floodwater.
# Who Made the Sunshine

Who Made the Sunshine (stylised in all caps) is the fourth studio album by American rapper Westside Gunn. When it was originally scheduled to be released on August 28, 2020, it was postponed following the death of Griselda Records collaborator DJ Shay from COVID-19. It was finally released on October 2, 2020, through Griselda, Shady, and Interscope.
Production was primarily handled by Beat Butcha and Daringer, except for four tracks which were produced by The Alchemist, Conductor Williams and Just Blaze. It features appearances from Benny the Butcher, Conway the Machine, Slick Rick, Black Thought, Boldy James, Busta Rhymes, Smoke DZA, Jadakiss, El Camino, Armani Caesar, Estee Nack, Flee Lord, Keisha Plum, and Stove God Cooks. The album has yet to be released on physical media.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 76/100 |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Beats Per Minute | 77% |
| Clash | 7/10 |
| Consequence of Sound | B |
| HipHopDX | 4/5 |
| Pitchfork | 6.7/10 |
Who Made the Sunshine was met with generally positive reviews from critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, the album received an average score of 76 based on five reviews.

## Personnel

* Westside Gunn – vocals (all tracks)
* Conway the Machine – vocals (tracks 2, 11)
* Benny the Butcher – vocals (tracks 2, 11)
* The Alchemist – production (tracks 4, 6)
* Just Blaze – production (track 11)
* Armani Caesar – vocals (tracks 6, 11)
* Keisha Plum – vocals (track 8)
* Jadakiss – vocals (track 4)
* A.A. Rashid – vocals (track 1)
* Estee Nack – vocals (track 9)
* Stove God Cooks – vocals (track 9)
* Smoke DZA – vocals (track 9)
* Black Thought – vocals (track 3)
* Boldy James – vocals (track 4)
* Flee Lord – vocals (track 9)
* El Camino – vocals (track 9)
* Slick Rick – vocals (tracks 7, 10)
* Busta Rhymes – vocals (track 7)
* Young Guru – mixing, mastering
* Daringer – production (all tracks)
* Beat Butcha – additional production (all tracks)
* Brandon Burton – recording
* Víctor Hugo Orozco – art direction

## Charts

| Chart (2020) | Peak position |
| US Current Album Sales (Billboard) | 64 |
# Leonberg, Bavaria

Leonberg is a municipality in the district of Tirschenreuth in Bavaria, Germany.
# Escalation (1968 Italian film)

Escalation is a 1968 Italian film directed and written by Roberto Faenza and starring Claudine Auger and Gabriele Ferzetti.

## Cast

* Lino Capolicchio as Luca Lambertenghi
* Claudine Auger as Carla Maria Manini
* Gabriele Ferzetti as Augusto Lambertenghi
* Didi Perego as L'investigatrice privata
* Leopoldo Trieste as Il sacerdote/ il santone
* Paola Corinti
* Dada Gallotti
* Jacqueline Perrier
* Madeline Smith as girl on bicycle (uncredited)

## Reception

The Monthly Film Bulletin wrote: "Dealing as it does with the development of a peace-loving egalitarian into an impassive murderer and ruthless businessman, it seems likely that Escalation was intended as L'Enfance d'un Chef – Italian style. But the comparison with Sartre proves as hollow as the more obvious one with Antonioni (for the scene changes not so much from London to Milan as from the swinging world of Blow-Up [1966] to the sterile wasteland of The Red Desert [1964]). And although the artistic and philosophical pretensions of Roberto Faenza's first feature film seem to demand serious analysis, the disparity between intention and achievement is great enough to warrant a rather curt dismissal. Scenes like the final funeral procession display a real talent for visual composition, but Faenza seems constantly more concerned with lending a symbolic weight to his material than with what it actually signifies. Lino Capolicchio's interpretation of the generational hero as a blabbering moron further undermines the film's claims to seriousness. Perhaps Italian audiences are more attuned to this type of buffoon humour, but the idiom makes it hard for Anglo-Saxons to determine whether he's supposed to be like Hamlet or just Harpo Marx."