OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# James H. Brady

James Henry Brady (June 12, 1862 – January 13, 1918) was an American Republican politician from the U.S. state of Idaho. He served as the state's eighth governor from 1909 to 1911 and a United States senator for nearly five years, from 1913 until his death.

## Early years

Born in Indiana County, Pennsylvania, at age three, Brady moved with his parents to Johnson County, Kansas. He was educated in public schools, and graduated from Leavenworth Normal College in Kansas.
Brady taught school, worked in the real estate business, and as editor of a newspaper. He moved to Idaho in 1895 at age thirty-three, and became successful in the water power and irrigation industries.

## Political career

Brady was a delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1900, and chairman of the Idaho Republican Party in 1904 and 1908. He was named a delegate to the Republican National Committee again in 1908 and 1916.
Elected governor in 1908, Brady lost his bid for re-election in 1910, and returned to the private sector until he was elected to the U.S. Senate in January 1913, chosen by the Idaho Legislature to replace Kirtland Perky, who was appointed after Weldon Heyburn's death in October 1912. In 1914, Brady became the first elected to the Senate from Idaho by direct popular vote, defeating former Democratic governor James H. Hawley and a handful of minor party candidates. Idaho's senior senator, William Borah, went before the voters for the first time four years later in 1918, and was easily re-elected to a third term.
While in office, Brady suffered a heart attack, and died two weeks later in Washington, D.C., on January 13, 1918. He was cremated and his ashes deposited in the James H. Brady Memorial Chapel of Mountain View Cemetery in Pocatello.

## Legacy

Brady's great-grandson, Jerry Brady, was the 2002 and 2006 Democratic gubernatorial candidate in Idaho.
# Gondu Shankar

Gondu Shankar is an Indian politician from Andhra Pradesh. He is a member of Telugu Desam Party. He has been elected as the Member of the Legislative Assembly representing the Srikakulam Assembly constituency in 2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly elections.

## Political career
### Early political career

In 2014 he contested the local body election and was elected as MPTC member from Singupuram as a Telugu Desam Party candidate.

### Member of Legislative Assembly

In 2024, he was elected to the Andhra Pradesh Assembly from Srikakulam constituency with 60.90% votes as a Telugu Desam Party candidate.
# 2009 Pilot Pen Tennis

The 2009 Pilot Pen Tennis was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 41st edition of the Pilot Pen Tennis, and was part of the ATP World Tour 250 Series of the 2009 ATP World Tour, and of the Premier Series of the 2009 WTA Tour. It took place at the Cullman-Heyman Tennis Center in New Haven, Connecticut, United States, from August 21 through August 29, 2009. It was the last event on the 2009 US Open Series before the 2009 US Open.

## ATP entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| RUS | Nikolay Davydenko | 8 | 1 |
| ESP | Fernando Verdasco | 10 | 2 |
| ESP | Tommy Robredo | 16 | 3 |
| ESP | David Ferrer | 19 | 4 |
| USA | Mardy Fish | 22 | 5 |
| USA | Sam Querrey | 26 | 6 |
| RUS | Igor Andreev | 27 | 7 |
| ROU | Victor Hănescu | 28 | 8 |
| ESP | Nicolás Almagro | 33 | 9 |
| FRA | Jérémy Chardy | 35 | 10 |
| AUT | Jürgen Melzer | 37 | 11 |
| GER | Philipp Petzschner | 39 | 12 |
| GER | Andreas Beck | 40 | 13 |
| RUS | Igor Kunitsyn | 43 | 14 |
| FRA | Fabrice Santoro | 44 | 15 |
| ITA | Andreas Seppi | 45 | 16 |
* $^1$ Seeds are based on the rankings of August 17, 2009

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw
* Marcos Baghdatis
* Taylor Dent
* Rajeev Ram
* Fernando Verdasco
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Pablo Cuevas
* Frederico Gil
* Nicolás Lapentti
* Frederik Nielsen
The following player received the lucky loser spot:
* Olivier Rochus

## WTA entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| RUS | Svetlana Kuznetsova | 6 | 1 |
| DEN | Caroline Wozniacki | 8 | 2 |
| ITA | Flavia Pennetta | 10 | 3 |
| RUS | Nadia Petrova | 12 | 4 |
| POL | Agnieszka Radwańska | 13 | 5 |
| FRA | Marion Bartoli | 14 | 6 |
| SVK | Dominika Cibulková | 15 | 7 |
| FRA | Amélie Mauresmo | 16 | 8 |
| AUS | Samantha Stosur | 17 | 9 |
* $^1$ Seeds are based on the rankings of August 17, 2009
* Dominika Cibulková was forced withdrew due to right rib injury, so Samantha Stosur became the no. 9 seed.

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw
* Svetlana Kuznetsova
* Nadia Petrova
* Meghann Shaughnessy
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Ioana Raluca Olaru
* Magdaléna Rybáriková
* Roberta Vinci
* Yanina Wickmayer
The following players received the lucky loser spots:
* Edina Gallovits
* Varvara Lepchenko

## Finals
### Men's singles

Fernando Verdasco defeated Sam Querrey, 6–4, 7–6$^{(8–6)}$
* It was Verdasco's first title of the year and third of his career.

### Women's singles

Caroline Wozniacki defeated Elena Vesnina, 6–2, 6–4
* It was Wozniacki's third title of the year, and the sixth of her career. It was her second win at the event, also winning in 2008.

### Men's doubles

Julian Knowle / Jürgen Melzer defeated Bruno Soares / Kevin Ullyett, 6–4, 7–6$^{(7–3)}$

### Women's doubles

Nuria Llagostera Vives / María José Martínez Sánchez defeated Iveta Benešová / Lucie Hradecká, 6–2, 7–5.
# Mtatsminda District

Mtatsminda is an administrative district (raioni) in Tbilisi, capital of Georgia.
Mtatsminda District includes neighborhoods: Mtatsminda, Sololaki, Vera, Kiketi, Kojori, Shindisi, Tsavkisi, Tabakhmela, Okrokana
# Steel and Industrial Forgings Ltd

Steel and Industrial Forgings Ltd (SIFL) is a public sector undertaking (PSU) fully owned by Government of Kerala situated in Athani in Thrissur, Kerala state of India. The company was incorporated in 1983 and started commercial production in 1986. It is an AS 9100 C and ISO 9001:2008 certified company.
# ASD Asti Calcio a 5

Associazione Sportiva Dilettantistica Asti Calcio a 5 is a futsal club based in Asti, Piedmont, Italy.

## Honors

* Coppa Italia: 2012, 2015
* Winter Cup: 2014, 2015

## Famous players

* Gabriel Lima
* Alessandro Patias
# Diane Lim

Diane Lim is an economist and writer known for translating economic research into policy recommendations and for explaining economic issues for lay audiences. She has previously served as Senior Advisor at the Penn Wharton Budget Model, Principal at District Economics Group, principal economist for the Conference Board, Chief Economist for the Pew Charitable Trusts, Chief Economist for the Concord Coalition, Chief Economist for the House Budget Committee, Research Director of the Budgeting for National Priorities project of the Brookings Institution, Chief Economist for the House Ways and Means Committee Democrats, and Principal Economist for the Democratic members of the Joint Economic Committee. In 2009, The Wall Street Journal named her website, EconomistMom.com, one of the top economics blogs.
She also teaches tax and budget policy and behavioral economics courses at George Washington University and at Georgetown University. She is a past president of the National Tax Association, and has been a commentator on the Marketplace radio program.

## Research

Her current research focuses on the influence of public policies on household and business behavior and how individual-level characteristics and decisions drive macroeconomic trends. Her past publications focused on tax incidence, fiscal policy and the U.S. Federal budget.

### Selected works

* Don Fullerton; Diane Lim Rogers (1993). Who bears the lifetime tax burden?. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.
* Terry M. Dinan; Diane Lim Rogers (2002). "Distributional effects of carbon allowance trading: how government decisions determine winners and losers". National Tax Journal: 199–221.
# Carmichael (crater)

Carmichael is a lunar impact crater that is located along the eastern edge of the Sinus Amoris, in the northeastern quadrant of the Moon's near side. Its diameter is 20 km. It was named after American psychologist Leonard Carmichael, and lies within a couple of crater diameters south-southwest of the smaller crater Hill. Further to the east-northeast is the prominent crater Macrobius. Carmichael was designated Macrobius A before being given its current name by the IAU.
Carmichael is generally circular, with a small floor at the middle of the sloping interior walls. There is a low rise of scree along the southeast inner wall. The crater is free of notable impacts along the rim or the interior, although a tiny craterlet is situated in the lunar mare just outside the rim to the south-southwest.
# 1935 in philosophy

1935 in philosophy

## Publications
### Philosophical literature

* George Santayana, The Last Puritan

## Births

* February 2 - Dariush Shayegan, Iranian cultural theorist and philosopher (d. 2018)
* February 17 - Sara Ruddick (d. 2011)
* April 22 - Jerry Fodor, American cognitive scientist (d. 2017)
* May 12 - Sophie Oluwole (d. 2018)
* October 11 - Daniel Quinn (d. 2018)
* October 31 - David Harvey
* November 1 - Edward Said (d. 2003)
* December 14 - Anthony Wilden (d. 2019)
* December 28 - Robert L. Holmes

## Deaths

* August 9 - Edmond Goblot
* December 31 - Miguel de Unamuno
# 1995 Liechtenstein European Economic Area membership referendum

A second referendum on membership of the European Economic Area was held in Liechtenstein on 9 April 1995. Although a previous referendum in 1992 had seen the majority of votes in favour, the country had not joined the EEA on its formation in 1994. The result of the second referendum, which also included a treaty with neighbouring Switzerland, was 56% in favour of membership, with voter turnout at 82%. Liechtenstein subsequently joined the EEA in May.

## Results

| Choice | Choice | Votes | % |
| For | For | 6,412 | 55.88 |
| Against | Against | 5,062 | 44.12 |
| Total | Total | 11,474 | 100.00 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 11,474 | 97.91 |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 245 | 2.09 |
| Total votes | Total votes | 11,719 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 14,286 | 82.03 |
| Source: Nohlen & Stöver ||||
# Markus Osthoff

Markus Osthoff (born 19 November 1968) is a German former professional footballer played as a midfielder.

## Honours

MSV Duisburg
* DFB-Pokal finalist: 1997–98
# Aelin Peterson

Aelin Peterson (born June 7, 1974) is an American cross-country skier. She competed in four events at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, Utah.

## Biography

Peterson spent her early life in Unalakleet and Fairbanks in Alaska. She attended West Valley High School and was the Alaska state girls' individual champion (Skimeister) in 1991 and 1992. She attended Northern Michigan University before competing in the Junior Nationals, winning five gold and four silver medals between 1992 and 1998. During this time, the U.S. Ski Association ranked her as the best junior skier in the country on two separate occasions.
In 1996, Peterson worked for Strong Capital Management in Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin. In 2000, she left her job to return to skiing. Before making the US team for the 2002 Winter Olympics, Peterson worked in Milwaukee, Wisconsin as a stock trader. She quit her job in finance to focus on her qualification for the Olympics. She was inducted into the Alaska High School's Hall of Fame in 2006.
In December 2019, Peterson was diagnosed with breast cancer.

## Cross-country skiing results

All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).

### Olympic Games

| Year | Age | 10 km | 15 km | Pursuit | 30 km | Sprint | 4 × 5 km  relay |
| 2002 | 27 | — | — | — | — | 36 | 9 |

### World Championships

| Year | Age | 10 km | 15 km | Pursuit | 30 km | Sprint | 4 × 5 km  relay |
| 2003 | 28 | 52 | — | 63 | — | 46 | — |

### World Cup
#### Season standings

| Season | Age |
| Season | Age | Overall | Sprint |
| 2001 | 26 | NC | NC |
| 2003 | 28 | NC | NC |
# Food security in Nigeria

Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa; a residence for more than 206 million people. Hunger is one of the major issues that affect the citizens. 40% (82 million people) of the citizens live below the International Poverty Line of $1.90 daily, whilst another 25% are vulnerable. Nigeria was ranked second poorest in food affordability globally by the Institute of Development Studies, United Kingdom.
This is due to a number of factors, including climate change, environmental degradation like deforestation conflict, and poverty.

## Causes

Factors that contribute to the hunger in various states of Nigeria are insecurity, environmental factors such as habitat destruction, economic challenges, and devastating effects of COVID-19.
Climate change is one of the biggest threats to food security in Nigeria. The country is already experiencing the effects of climate change, such as more frequent droughts and floods. These weather events can damage crops and livestock, making it difficult for farmers to produce enough food.
Conflict is another major threat to food security in Nigeria. The country is currently facing a number of conflicts, including the Boko Haram insurgency in the northeast and the farmer-herder conflict in the Middle Belt. These conflicts have displaced millions of people and made it difficult for farmers to access their land.
Poverty is also a major factor contributing to food insecurity in Nigeria. Many people in Nigeria cannot afford to buy enough food. This is due to low wages, high food prices, and unemployment.

## Impacts

Food insecurity has a number of negative consequences for Nigeria. It can lead to malnutrition, which can impair physical and mental development. It can also lead to social unrest, as people become desperate for food. There are many consequences of hunger, namely malnutrition, undernutrition, nutritional deficiencies, and child wasting. According to UNICEF, there are three main outcomes: underweight at 36.4%, stunting at 41.3%, wasting at 15.6%.

## Historical data

Nigeria Hunger Statistics :
| Year | % of Population | Annual Change |
| 2018 | 12.60% | 0.70% |
| 2017 | 11.90% | -0.10% |
| 2016 | 12.00% | 0.90% |
| 2015 | 11.10% | 1.30% |
| 2014 | 9.80% | 1.20% |
| 2013 | 8.60% | 1.00% |
| 2012 | 7.60% | 0.10% |
| 2011 | 7.50% | 0.10% |
| 2010 | 7.40% | 0.10% |
| 2009 | 7.30% | 0.10% |
| 2008 | 7.20% | 0.30% |
| 2007 | 6.90% | -0.10% |
| 2006 | 7.00% | −0.40% |
| 2005 | 7.40% | −0.80% |
| 2004 | 8.20% | −0.60% |
| 2003 | 8.80% | −0.30% |
| 2002 | 9.10% | 0.00% |
| 2001 | 9.10% | 0.00% |
# Irish Famine (1861)

Irish Famine 1861 refers to the famine that occurred in 1861, Ireland. The Western part was hit hardest.
In 1861, there were reports of famine in Ireland.
Three-fourths of the potato crop were destroyed, and the people of western Ireland were worse off than in 1847.
It has been reported that England declined extraordinary relief.
# Emilios T. Harlaftis

Emilios T. Harlaftis (Greek: Αιμίλιος Χαρλαύτης; 29 March 1965 – 13 February 2005) was an astrophysicist.
Harlaftis obtained an undergraduate degree in physics from the University of Athens in 1987, and a PhD degree from the University of Oxford in 1991, under the supervision of Phil A. Charles. His thesis title was "Disc structure and variability in dwarf novae". From 1991 to 1995 he worked as a support astronomer at the Isaac Newton Group of telescopes of the Royal Greenwich Observatory, placed at the Observatory of Roque de los Muchachos (owned by the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias at the island of La Palma. He then worked as a research assistant (1995–1997) at the University of St. Andrews and as a research fellow (1997–1998) at the Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics of the National Observatory of Athens, where he was appointed to a position of a tenure track researcher in 1999. He held a series of posts as a visiting scientist at the University of Sheffield, and the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (1999), and two years as a temporary Reader at the School of Physics and Astronomy at the University of St. Andrews (2001–2002).
His main research contribution is the co-discovery of spiral waves in a solar-size accretion disk, pioneering analysis determining mass ratios of black hole systems using the Keck-I telescope, contribution to accretion disc physics and finally extensive analysis and image processing using the Doppler tomography technique with applications on interactive binaries resolving emission components such as the inner face of the companion star, the gas stream and the impact region of the gas stream on the accretion disk (bright spot). The article on this topic he co-wrote has been cited 140 times.

## Death and legacy

In 2005, Harlaftis was participating in an expedition to Mount Menalon organized by the Athens Climbing Club (Oreivatikos Syllogos) when the party was caught in an avalanche. Five members of the expedition, including Harlaftis were killed.
After the accident, his colleagues at the Aristarchos 2.3 m Telescope on Chelmos mountain where he was principal investigator, suggested naming the telescope after him.
In 2020, the Hellenic Astronomical Society, decided to accept a generous offer of the Harlaftis family and renamed the best PhD thesis prize awarded biennially to a junior member of the Society, to "Best PhD thesis prize - Emilios Harlaftis".
# Claire Sullivan

Claire Sullivan is an American fashion designer. Sullivan launched her eponymous label, Miss Claire Sullivan, in 2021. Previously, she served as a co-creative director for the New York-label, Vaquera.

## Work

Miss Claire Sullivan's garments have been worn by celebrities and pop stars such as Addison Rae, Sarah Jessica Parker, Selena Gomez, Paloma Elsesser, Zsela, Kylie Jenner, Dua Lipa, Camila Cabello, and Grace VanderWaal.
In 2023, the designer created a custom newspaper-print dress for Sarah Jessica Parker's digital Vogue cover and accompanying video. The dress was inspired by Sex and the City series's third season, episode 17, when Parker's character, Carrie Bradshaw, wears a similar newspaper-print dress from Dior’s John Galliano collection. The tussles are inspired by a Comme des Garçons coat the character wears in a different episode. The newsprint on Parker's dress originate from Vogue magazine covers and articles on the actress. For the Met Gala that year, Sullivan created a fit for Vogue's British fashion editor, Chioma Nnadi.
At the 2024 MTV Video Music Awards, Addison Rae wore a white satin bra and panty set lined with scalloped trim with tules and feathers, inspired by showgirls and the white swan from the ballet, Swan Lake. During Paris Fashion Week that year, the designer co-designed a series of looks alongside the Danish label Ganni. The looks included a Ditte Reffstrup: a stylish jersey dress paired with a voluminous skirt as well as a bomber jacket, blending chic, practical looks often seen on women in both Copenhagen and New York.
# Phalanger (compiler)

Phalanger is a compiler front end for compiling PHP source code into CIL byte-code, which can be further processed by the .NET Framework's just-in-time compiler. The project was started at Charles University and is supported by Microsoft. Phalanger was discontinued in favor of the more modern PeachPie compiler, which utilizes the Roslyn API.

## Compatibility

Phalanger can run real-world PHP applications, many with minor to no modifications. Examples include WordPress, phpMyAdmin and phpBB.

## Performance

One of the main goals of the project is to improve performance of PHP applications. The project web page claims considerable performance benefits over a 32-bit Windows version of PHP.
There was a project at Charles University to re-implement the Phalanger core using the Microsoft Dynamic Language Runtime (DLR), and to develop a Visual Studio integration tool to provide IntelliSense for the PHP language.
Though some features from DLR would slow down the performance of Phalanger, they do claim performance gains by a factor of 6. These features are being integrated into current Phalanger core.

## Google Summer of Code

A project involving Phalanger was mentored by the Mono team during the Google Summer of Code program in 2008. During this period Phalanger was ported to the Silverlight 2.0 framework with the goal of making it work on Moonlight as well.

## Jadu sponsorship

Early in 2008, UK Content Management vendor Jadu partnered with the Prague-based team to improve communication between .NET and the Phalanger compiler. It is based on duck typing and provides a way for accessing objects from the dynamic PHP world that lack compile-time type information from a statically typed language in a .NET environment in a type-safe way.
In December 2008, Jadu announced that it has made the compiler available to the developer community and in interviews with ITPRO and VNUnet said that the development would help close the skills gap between PHP and .NET.

## Devsense support & development

Since 2009, DEVSENSE company leads the development of the project and offers commercial support. DEVSENSE consists of core Phalanger developers and keeps this open-source project alive.
In addition to maintenance and growth of the project, Devsense is providing Visual Studio integration of Phalanger for the community.
Since 2012, DEVSENSE provides support forum for Phalanger (compiler) and related projects for the community.

## Legacy

The last PHP version supported by Phalanger is 5.4. The GitHub project is marked "Deprecated" and (as of 2019) it hasn't been updated for years. The GitHub page also announces a new project, PeachPie compiler as its successor for PHP 7.1. PeachPie can compile code using PHP 5.4 syntax or newer, and is officially supported by .NET Foundation.
# 2023 Kyiv court explosion

At 18:20 local time on 5 July 2023, an explosion took place in the Shevchenkivskyi District Court in the center of Kyiv, Ukraine, the city military administration said.

## Explosion

At 18:20, the sounds of an explosion were heard in the building of the Shevchenkivskyi District Court of Kyiv, Maryana Reva, a representative of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, told RBC Ukraine.
Interior Minister Ihor Klymenko confirmed that there had been an "emergency incident" in the courthouse and the police had received a report of an explosion. According to preliminary information, it was arranged by a man who was taken to the meeting. The Kyiv military administration reports that the explosion occurred in the toilet of the court.
According to a Ukrainska Pravda source, an unidentified object, probably a grenade, exploded in the court. An investigative-operational group, special forces, explosives technicians and dog handlers are working on the spot. The area around the building was cordoned off.
After the explosion in the Shevchenkivskyi District Court of Kyiv, traffic was blocked near the building.
At 19:11, a second explosion sounded in the court, the policeman on the spot immediately requested an ambulance.
Later, it became known that the suspect blew himself up with a grenade and his two guards were injured.

## Perpetrator

Strana.ua claims that the explosion was caused by a former Sich Battalion fighter Ihor Humenyuk, who is accused of detonating a grenade during a rally [ru] in front of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine in 2015. The action was organized by the ultranationalist Svoboda party against the implementation of the special status of Donbas in the Constitution. Then, according to investigators, Gumenyuk threw a grenade at the National Guard officers. As a result of the attack, three National Guardsmen were killed. About 140 more people were injured.
On 5 July, the court was to extend the measure of restraint for Humenyuk, and he was kept in a pre-trial detention center, it was reported in court.