OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Eugen Ott (ambassador)

Eugen Ott (8 April 1889 – 22 January 1977) was the German ambassador to Japan during the early years of World War II who was notably deceived and compromised by Soviet spy Richard Sorge.

## Early career

During World War I, Ott served with distinction on the Eastern Front as an officer with the 26th (Württemberg) Infantry Division. His commander was General Wilhelm von Urach, who was elected king of Lithuania in 1918 as Mindaugas II of Lithuania.
Before Adolf Hitler came to power in Germany (1933), Ott had been the adjutant of General Kurt von Schleicher.

## In Japan

In 1934, Ott was sent to Tokyo as military attaché at the German embassy.
In early September 1940, Heinrich Georg Stahmer arrived in Tokyo to assist Ott in negotiating the Tripartite Pact with Japan. Stahmer later replaced Ott as ambassador when Richard Sorge, who had been working for Ott in Japan as an agent for the Abwehr, was unmasked as a Soviet spy in Japan in late 1941.
Prange suggests in his analysis of Sorge that Sorge was so entirely trusted by Ott that he was allowed access to top secret cables from Berlin in the embassy. That trust was the main foundation for Sorge's success as a Red Army spy.

## Later career

Ott left Tokyo and went to Peking, China, for the rest of the war.
# Hunter Valley bus crash

On the night of 11 June 2023 a bus overturned at Greta in Australia's Hunter Valley region. The bus was transferring guests from a wedding at Lovedale to Singleton. Ten people were killed and another twenty-five were taken to hospital. The bus driver pleaded guilty to dangerous and negligent driving occasioning death, and was sentenced to 32 years in prison with a non-parole period of 24 years. It was the worst Australian road crash since 1994 when twelve people were killed when a bus overturned near Boondall, Queensland.

## Crash

At 11:30 p.m. AEST on 11 June 2023, a 2009 Volvo B7R bus operated by Linq Buslines overturned while negotiating a grade separated roundabout at the M15 / Wine Country Drive interchange near Greta. The bus was taking guests from a wedding at a winery in Lovedale to a Singleton hotel.
Ten passengers were killed and a further twenty-five were taken to a hospital. The injured were treated at John Hunter Hospital, Maitland Hospital and Calvary Mater in Newcastle, and one was airlifted to Royal Prince Alfred Hospital in Sydney.

## Legal proceedings

The 58-year-old bus driver, Brett Button, was arrested and taken to Cessnock police station. A mandatory drug test determined that he had taken 400 mg of tramadol during the previous 24 hours, enough to impair his driving ability. On 12 June he was charged with ten counts of dangerous driving occasioning death and one count of negligent driving occasioning death. He was released on bail of $10,000. In January 2024, Button was further charged with ten counts of manslaughter.
On 8 May 2024, after the prosecution dropped the manslaughter charges, Button pleaded guilty to ten counts of dangerous driving occasioning death and other charges. He was remanded in custody for sentencing later in 2024. It was also presented in court that Button was addicted to painkillers, and these may have affected his driving performance on the day of the crash.
On 11 September 2024, Button was sentenced to 32 years in prison, with a non-parole period of 24 years.

## Aftermath

The bride and groom were members of the Singleton Roosters Australian football club. The groom was previously a member of Warrandyte Cricket Club, as were nine of the injured guests.
On 16 June 2023, the NSW Office of Transport Safety Investigations announced an investigation into the crash.

## Other notable bus accidents in Australia

* Grafton bus crash – 20 October 1989 – 21 killed. A tourist coach and a truck collided head-on
* Kempsey bus crash – 22 December 1989 – 35 killed. Two fully-loaded buses collided head-on in the worst road crash in Australia.
# Hans von Obstfelder

Hans von Obstfelder (6 September 1886 – 20 December 1976) was a German general (General of the Infantry) in the Wehrmacht during World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords.
In September 1941, during Operation Babarossa, the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union, Obstfelder commanded the 29th Army Corps, which was among the first units of the Wehrmacht to reach Kyiv. In October 2021, against the background of official commemorations marking the 80th anniversary of the Babi Yar Massacre, Obstfelder's name appeared among the 161 names of the perpetrators of that crime, released by the Babi Year Holocaust Memorial Center. Obstfelder was never tried for his involvement in the Babi Yar massacre.

## Awards

* Iron Cross (1914) 2nd Class (September 1914) & 1st Class (June 1915)
* Clasp to the Iron Cross (1939) 2nd Class (20 September 1939) & 1st Class (29 September 1939)
* German Cross in Gold on 21 April 1943 as General der Infantry and commanding general of the XXIX. Armeekorps
* Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
** Knight's Cross on 27 July 1941 as General der Infanterie and commanding general of the XXIX. Armeekorps
** 251st Oak Leaves on 7 June 1943 as General der Infanterie and commanding general of the XXIX. Armeekorps
** 110th Swords on 5 November 1944 as General der Infanterie and commanding general of the LXXXVI. Armeekorps
# Astrobee

Astrobee is the designation of series of American sounding rockets with one to three stages.
Designed by Aerojet, this family of solid-propellant rockets was conceived as a lower-cost replacement of the liquid-propellant Aerobee.

## Versions
### Astrobee 500

The three-stage Astrobee 500 (first stage: Genius, second stage: Alcor, third stage: Asp) has a ceiling of 1000 km, a takeoff thrust of 161 kN, a takeoff weight of 900 kg, a diameter of 0.38 m and a length of 7.80 m. It was launched one time in 1960.
* Astrobee-500

### Astrobee 1500

The three-stage Astrobee 1500 (first stage: Recruit, second stage: Aero jet, third stage: Alcor) has a ceiling of 1000 km, a takeoff thrust of 566 kN, a takeoff weight of 5200 kg, a diameter of 0.79 m and a length of 10.40 m. It was launched ten times between 1961 and 1969.
* Astrobe 1500
* Astrobe 1500
* Astrobee 1500

### Astrobee 200

The two-stage Astrobee 200 (first stage: Nike, second stage: Alcor), has a ceiling of 350 km, a takeoff thrust of 161 kN, a takeoff weight of 800 kg, a diameter of 0.38 m and a length of 6.30 m. It was launched ten times between 1961 and 1966
* Astrobee 200

### Astrobee D

The single-stage Astrobee D has a ceiling of 140 km, a takeoff thrust of 23.00 kN, a takeoff weight of 100 kg, a diameter of 0.15 m and a length of 3.90 m. It was launched forty-two times between 1970 and 1980.

### Astrobee F

The single-stage Astrobee F has a ceiling of 375 km, a takeoff thrust of 178.00 kN, a takeoff weight of 1500 kg, a diameter of 0.38 m and a length of 11.50 m. It was launched forty-nine times between 1972 and 1983.
# Australian emperor

The Australian emperor dragonfly, also known as the yellow emperor dragonfly, the Baron Dragonfly in New Zealand, scientific name Anax papuensis, is a species of dragonfly in the Aeshnidae family. It is black with yellow dots along its tail.

## Description

The Australian emperor is a very large dragonfly, up to 70 mm long. Its abdomen is marked boldly in black and yellow. The thorax is greenish-grey. The head is yellow with a T-shaped mark on the forehead (frons). The eyes are yellow-green. The leading edges of the wings are yellow. The insect habitually hunts fairly slowly, patrolling up and down like other hawkers, with short bursts at high speed.
Their wingspan is 11 centimetres (4.3 in). Males and females are similar.

## Distribution and habitat

The Australian emperor is found throughout Australia. In the state of Victoria, it has a split distribution: below about 600 metres in altitude, and above about 1200 metres, apparently because it avoids forested areas. It is also found in New Zealand, New Guinea, the Cocos-Keeling Islands, Java, Sumba and New Caledonia.
The Australian emperor is widespread and common on larger bodies of water with tall vegetation on the banks. Like other hawkers, it may hunt far from water. It flies throughout the summer from September to May.

## Behaviour

The Australian emperor is notable as the dragonfly in which motion camouflage was studied by Mizutani et al.: males of Anax papuensis are fiercely territorial, and approach and attack rivals, the males choose a flight path that keeps their image as seen by the target still with respect to a landmark point. The attacking dragonfly thus looms larger in the target's eyes, but otherwise does not seem to move until it is very close.
The males are very protective of their females. In case of intrusion of another individual, he will drive it away by engaging in a series of noisy air battles. Females lay their eggs under water.

## Gallery

* Australian emperor has a wingspan of about 11 cm
* Male in flight
* Hatching of larva
* Female wings
* Male wings
# Martin Urianstad

Martin Bugge Urianstad (born 6 February 1999) is a Norwegian professional road cyclist, who currently rides for UCI ProTeam Uno-X Mobility.

## Major results
### 2019

    1st Mountains classification, Grand Prix Priessnitz spa

### 2020

    1st Road race, National Under-23 Road Championships

### 2022

    1st Active rider classification, Saudi Tour
# Jew (disambiguation)

A Jew is a member of the Jewish people.
Jew or JEW may also refer to:

## Places in the United States

* Jew Mountain, a mountain in Montana
* Jew Peak, a mountain in Montana
* Jew Point, a cape in Florida
* Jew Valley, a basin in Oregon

## People

* Ed Jew (born 1960), an American politician
* Yuri "Keith" Jew, an American League of Legends player
* Sollie Cohen (1907–1966), an American college football player nicknamed "Jew"

## Arts and entertainment
### Films

* The Jew (film) (Portuguese: O judeu), a 1995 historical film
* The Jews (film) (French: Ils sont partout), a 2016 comedy film

### Literature

* The Jew (play), a 1794 play by Richard Cumberland
* "The Jew" (short story) (Russian: Zhid), an 1847 short story
* The Jews (play) (German: Die Juden), a 1754 play
* The Jews, a 1922 book by Hilaire Belloc

### Other uses in arts and entertainment

* Jews, a 2008 BBC4 documentary series about Jewish life in modern Britain

## Other uses

* Jew (word), a term passed into the English language from Greek
* The Jew (periodical), published by Solomon Henry Jackson
* Jew (house), an Asmat traditional house
# Cleo Powell

Cleo Elaine Powell (born January 12, 1957) is a justice of the Supreme Court of Virginia. She was sworn in on October 21, 2011, for a term ending on July 31, 2023. Justice Powell is the first African-American female to serve on Virginia's highest court and the fifth woman to serve on the court.
Born in Brunswick County, Virginia, she received an undergraduate degree from the University of Virginia in 1979 and received her Juris Doctor from the University of Virginia School of Law in 1982. Powell served at every level of Virginia's judicial system as a judge, working as a General District Court Judge in Chesterfield, Virginia and Colonial Heights, Virginia from 1993 until 2000, a Circuit Court Judge in the same jurisdictions from 2000 until 2008, and on the Court of Appeals of Virginia from 2008 until 2011. In 2013, Powell was honored as one of the Library of Virginia's "Virginia Women in History".
# Alfred Moore (engineer)

Alfred Moore (c. 1826 – 17 July 1904) was an English civil engineer primarily involved in waterworks. He obtained his engineering training under John Frederick Bateman and worked alongside him for much of his career.

## Career

On completing his pupillage with Bateman, Moore stayed on as an assistant. He was a Resident Engineer on the majority of Bateman's projects.

### Early works

After finishing his training with Bateman he worked as Assistant on the Manchester and Warrington waterworks.

### Loch Katrine and Mugdock Reservoir

In 1852 Bateman was consulted by Glasgow Council in regard to its water supply. In 1854, on Bateman's advice, a bill was obtained to supply water to Glasgow from Loch Katrine. Moore was appointed alongside the more famous James Morris Gale as Resident Engineer and resided in the nearby house of Heatherbank, Milngavie.
Work on Mugdock Reservoir commenced in 1855. The Loch Katrine end was officially opened by Queen Victoria in October 1859, however Moore continued to work on Mugdock Reservoir until 1865.
The waterworks were extended by adding Craigmaddie Reservoir, however this work was completed solely under the attention of Gale.
Describing the entire waterworks, Gale commented that they were as worthy to "bear comparison with the most extensive aqueducts in the world, not excluding those of ancient Rome".

### Woodburn Reservoirs (Belfast)

Moore was elected a Member of the Institution of Civil Engineers on the 15 May 1866 and in the same year began expansion work on the Belfast waterworks as the Resident Engineer. The original reservoirs were constructed in the 1840s however following the parliamentary Belfast Water Act 1865 (28 & 29 Vict. c. clxxxix) there was a need to expand the works with construction of reservoirs to the North at Woodburn, and increase storage within Belfast. The works were completed in 1870.

### South America

In 1870 he went to Buenos Aires to represent Bateman in connection with the works for the water-supply and drainage of the city. The Buenos Aires waterworks were predominantly designed by John Coghlan, however Moore was resident engineer managing much of the construction. Also while there he constructed the Catalinas Mole. These works occupied him in South America for several years.

### Later works

On returning from South America, he revisited some of his earlier works, extending the water supply at Warrington. He then went on to work under George Henry Hill designing plans for the Thirlmere scheme for the supply of water to Manchester.
Alongside Bateman he helped develop the device known as Bateman and Moore’s Firecock, which was adopted in many large cities and towns.

## Death

He died suddenly at his residence, Holmleigh, Alderly Edge, on 17 July 1904, aged 78. He had no partner or children.
# Charles H. Davis (judge)

Charles Hubbard Davis (January 7, 1906 – February 22, 1976) was a Republican lawyer who has twice served on the Illinois Supreme Court, once as Chief Justice, and on the Illinois Appellate Court, also as Presiding Justice.
Davis was born, grew up and attended school in Fairfield, Illinois. He graduated from the University of Illinois (A.B., 1928) and the University of Chicago (J.D., 1931) and became a lawyer in Rockford in 1931. He married Ruth Peugh on October 19, 1935, and had seven children.
He was elected to the Illinois Supreme Court from the 6th District in 1955, serving until 1960, and was its Chief Justice from 1957 to 1958. He was elected to the 2nd District of the Illinois Appellate Court in November 1964 and was its Presiding Justice in 1967 and in 1970. From the 2nd District, he was elected a second time to the Supreme Court in November 1970; he retired from the court in October 1975.
He was in the Phi Delta Phi legal fraternity and was a Congregationalist and Shriner.
He died on February 22, 1976, in his Rockford home.
# Mary Ann McMorrow

Mary Ann McMorrow (née Grohwin; January 16, 1930 – February 23, 2013) was an Illinois Supreme Court chief justice.

## Career

Mary Ann Grohwin was born to Roman and Emily Grohwin and grew up in a Roman Catholic household on the northwest side of Chicago. She attended Rosary College, now known as Dominican University. She received her law degree at Loyola University Chicago School of Law and was admitted practice law in Illinois in 1953.
She was employed by the law firm of Riordan & Linklater. She was appointed Assistant State's Attorney of Cook County, assigned to the Criminal Division, and was the first woman to prosecute felony cases in Cook County. She was elected a Judge of the Circuit Court of Cook County in 1976. By order of the Supreme Court of Illinois, McMorrow was assigned to the Illinois Appellate Court in 1985 and elected to that court in 1986. She was the first woman elected to serve as chairperson of the Executive Committee of the Appellate Court. She was elected to the Supreme Court of Illinois in 1992, the first woman to serve in its 173-year history. With her election as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Illinois in May 2002, she became the first woman to head any of the three branches of state government.

## Awards

She was the 1991 recipient of the "Medal of Excellence" award from Loyola University Chicago School of Law's Alumni Association. She also was awarded the Chicago Bar Association's Justice John Paul Stevens Award and the 1996 The Fellows of the Illinois Bar Foundation award for Distinguished Service to Law and Society.
Mary Ann McMorrow was inducted as a Laureate of The Lincoln Academy of Illinois and awarded the Order of Lincoln (the State’s highest honor) by the Governor of Illinois in 2007 in the area of Government and Law.

## Retirement

Justice McMorrow retired from the bench on July 5, 2006.

## Association memberships

Chief Justice McMorrow was a member of the:
* Illinois State Bar Association and Chicago Bar Associations
* Women's Bar Association of Illinois
* American Inns of Court (Master Bencher)
* American Judicature Society
* National Association of Women Judges
* Illinois Judges' Association (Board of Directors)

## Death

Justice McMorrow died on February 23, 2013, at Northwestern Memorial Hospital in Chicago, aged 83, from undisclosed causes. She was married to Emmett McMorrow; the couple had one child, a daughter, Mary Ann (born 1963).
# Jesse J. Phillips

Jesse J. Phillips (February 22, 1837 – February 16, 1901) was an American jurist and military officer.

## Biography

Born in Montgomery County, Illinois, Phillips served in the 9th Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment during the American Civil War and was brevetted brigadier general. In 1879, Phillips was elected an Illinois circuit court judge. He served on the Illinois Supreme Court from 1893 until his death in 1901 and was chief justice in 1897. Phillips died at his home in Hillsboro, Illinois.
# Lobet den Herrn, alle Heiden, BWV 230

Lobet den Herrn, alle Heiden (Praise the Lord, all ye nations), BWV 230, is a motet by Johann Sebastian Bach.

## Words

The motet draws its text from Psalm 117 Verses 1-2. A couple of Bach's other motets are known to have been composed for funerals in Leipzig and set texts such as the Epistle to the Romans. The celebratory text of Lobet den Herrn does not suggest a farewell to the world, indicating that it was composed for a different type of occasion.

## History

It is not known when the work was composed. Some scholars, for example Martin Geck, have questioned the attribution to Bach. In the twentieth century the authoritative Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis catalogue included it in a set of motets (listed as BWV 225–231). In retrospect, the BWV numbering seems somewhat arbitrary as a grouping of the Bach motets: recent scholarship includes more works among the motets. However, Lobet den Herrn has often been recorded with others from BWV 225–229.
It is the only one of the set to be scored for four voices (most of the others are for double SATB choir). It is also unusual in that (lightly scored) instrumental accompaniment is specified.

## Publication
### 19th century editions

It was first published in 1821. The publisher claimed to have had access to an autograph score.
In 1892 it was published with other motets in volume 39 of the Bach-Gesellschaft-Ausgabe, the first edition of the composer's complete works. The editor was Franz Wüllner.

### 20th century editions

It was included in the New Bach Edition in 1965.

### 21st century editions

It was published by Carus-Verlag as one of seven motets edited by Uwe Wolf. The editor acknowledges some doubt about the authenticity of the work, explaining that "in contrast to the 'classical' number of six works we have published seven compositions in this volume of motets: five undoubtedly authentic works by Johann Sebastian Bach and two whose authenticity is less certain".

## Discography

Lobet den Herrn has often been recorded with other motets by Bach. These recorded sets of motets are partially listed at Motets by Johann Sebastian Bach, discography.
# Nantmel

Nantmel is a village and a community in Radnorshire, Powys, Wales, and is 76.5 miles (123.1 km) from Cardiff and 150.5 miles (242.2 km) from London. In 2011 the population of Nantmel was 621 with 11.8% of them able to speak Welsh. The population of the community was 637 as of the 2011 UK Census.
In 1870, John Marius Wilson described the village as a parish and village in the Rhayader district or Radnor.
The hamlets of Argoed, Dulas and Cynllo all lie within this community and the Ty Lettice Roman Road runs through it.
It is home to Wales National Cycle Museum and Lion Royal Hotel Trekking.

## Governance

An electoral ward in the same name exists. The population of this ward at the 2011 Census was 1,465.
# Um Dafuq

Um Dafuq (Arabic: أم دافوق), also spelled Um Dafouk, Um Dafok, Um Dafog, is a town located across the Central African Republic–Sudan border in South Darfur. The town holds economic and commercial importance. It is the birthplace of Abdallahi ibn Muhammad.

## History

On 17 April 2012, SLM/A captured Um Dafuq. They seized weapons and ammunition from the military bases in the town. Due to the attack, some civilians fled to the Central African Republic while others sought refuge in Amarok, Sinatah, and Al Masid. Sudanese Armed Forces recaptured the town from rebels on 19 April 2012.
In May 2015, the town faced a water shortage due to the closure of a water reservoir.
Tribal fighting between Arab Taisha and Fallata broke out in Um Dafuq on 5 and 6 June 2021, resulting 36 people being killed and 32 being wounded. Responding to this situation, the government deployed its military forces to the town to resolve the conflict. Peace and order were restored in Um Dafuq on 7 June.
A protest broke out in Um Dafuq on 13 March 2022 in response to the bomb explosion in a social event two days before that killed five people and left 27 wounded. The protesters demanded that the government provide security to the town.
Floods swept the town on 13 August 2022 due to the collapse of Um Dafuq Dam, affecting 500 families.
On 24 December 2022, the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) killed three people and wounded a woman in a market in Um Dafuq. The following day, residents of the town held a demonstration to protest the incident and demanded that the authorities arrest the perpetrators and expel the RSF from Um Dafuq.
The 2023 Sudan conflict saw thousands of refugees fleeing across the border into neighboring Am Dafok in the Central African Republic As of 17 May 2023, Um Dafuq was under the control of Rapid Support Forces with the help of Wagner PMC.

## Economy

The town is a place where poachers sold ivory. There is a custom post in the town.

## Infrastructure

The town has a stadium. In January 2023, Hemedti promised that Um Dafuq Stadium would be rehabilitated.

## Gallery

* Sunset in Um Dafuq Canal
* Sunrise in Um Dafuq
# Arnold J. Cane

Arnold J. Cane (December 11, 1914 – September 10, 1968) was an American lawyer, jurist, and legislator.
Born in Ontonagon, Michigan, Cane attended to the public schools in Ontonagon. He then received his doctorate and law degrees from Marquette University. He then practiced law in Menasha, Wisconsin. He served on the Menasha Board of Education and as justice of the peace. Cane served in the Wisconsin State Assembly 1951–1959 was a Republican. In 1962, he was elected a Wisconsin Circuit Court judge serving until his death. Four months before he died, he sustained serious injuries in a car accident, when he was struck by a drunk driver. He died in Neenah, Wisconsin of a heart attack.