OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mark Codman

Mark (?-September 18, 1755) (sometimes called Mark Codman) was a Black enslaved man owned by Captain John Codman (1696-1755) of Massachusetts in Charlestown, Boston 20 years before the American Revolutionary War. Though some texts refer to Mark as "Mark Codman", he was probably not referred to as such during his life, as giving an enslaved person the surname of his enslaver was not commonly done in New England. The contemporary documents from the investigation and trial only use Mark for his name.
Mark was enslaved by Codman for a few years before his execution. He was accused of burning down a building to try to gain freedom about six years before his death. Mark could read and said that he read the Bible to find a way to kill his master without committing a sin. He struck upon poisoning because it did not involve the shedding of blood. According to historical documents from the investigation and judgment, Mark obtained arsenic from a doctor on the pretense it was to kill pigs but furnished it to his sister, who administered it to Codman. Several other enslaved people were also implicated in the plot.
In 1755, Mark was convicted of assisting in the successful poisoning of his master, John Codman. As punishment, Mark was hanged, tarred. His body was displayed in an iron gibbet for several years after his death at a well-known spot (at the time) in present-day Somerville, Massachusetts. Mark's sister Phillis was tried for the actual act of poisoning; she was convicted and burned alive.
Mark's publicly displayed body was a local landmark. In 1775, twenty years after Mark's execution, Paul Revere came to the same spot in his ride to warn American colonial forces of the movements of the British Army. Revere's 1798 written account noted that "nearly opposite where Mark was hung in chains, I saw two men on Horse back, under a Tree. When I got near them, I discovered they were British officers", whom Revere successfully evaded.
# Luan Gallery

The Luan Gallery is a publicly owned art gallery in Athlone, County Westmeath, Ireland.
The gallery opened in 2012, and the building consists of the older part, a former public library built in 1897 as a temperance hall, combined with a newer wing, designed by Keith Williams. The building was named Best Cultural Building of 2013 by the RIAI, and received a Civic Trust Award in 2014.
The gallery takes its name from Luan son of Lugair son of Lugaid, a mythical chief who gives his name to the town.
# 2023–24 County Antrim Shield

The 2023–24 County Antrim Shield was the 135th edition of the County Antrim Shield, a cup competition in Northern Irish football.
Larne won the tournament for the 4th time and 4th consecutive season, defeating Glentoran 2–1 in the final.

## Results
### First round

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| Ards | 2–1 | Queen's University |
| Ballymena United | 3–4 | Knockbreda |
| Bangor | 4–2 | Ballyclare Comrades |
| Carrick Rangers | 3–2 | Cliftonville |
| Crusaders | 0–0 (2–4 p) | Glentoran |
| Dundela | 3–0 | Newington |
| Harland & Wolff Welders | 1–1 (7–8 p) | Ballymacash Rangers |
| Linfield | 0–1 | Larne |

### Quarter-finals

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| Ards | 0–2 | Glentoran |
| Ballymacash Rangers | 3–3 (6–7 p) | Knockbreda |
| Carrick Rangers | 3–1 | Dundela |
| Larne | 3–0 | Bangor |

### Semi-finals

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| Carrick Rangers | 0–4 | Glentoran |
| Larne | 4–0 | Ballymacash Rangers |
# M. A. Prajusha

Maliakhal Anthony Prajusha (born 20 May 1987) is an Indian track and field athlete from Kerala who competes in long jump and triple jump. She held the Indian National record for triple jump with a mark of 13.72 m. She broke the record held by Mayookha Johny by four centimeters.

## Early life

Prajusha was born on 20 May 1987 in Thrissur, a district in Kerala state, India.

## Career

Prajusha's personal best for triple jump is 13.72 m, an Indian National record set during the 2010 Commonwealth Games on 8 October 2010. She broke Mayookha Johny's two-month-old record by four centimeters while improving her personal best by a massive 18 cm (7 in).
Her personal best for long jump is 6.55 m set in Bangalore on 5 June 2010 during the second Indian Grand Prix.
Prajusha has been training under the Sports Authority Of India (SAI) for the last 10 years with her coach, M.A. George. She works with Indian Railways and trains under M.A. George, a coach at the Sports Authority of India.

## Awards

In 2010, Prajusha became the fourth Indian woman to complete a long jump longer than 6.50 meters, joining Anju Bobby George (6.83 m), J. J. Shobha (6.66 m), and Pramila Aiyappa. She won the gold medal for her effort. At 2010 Commonwealth Games, Prajusha won a silver medal in the women's long jump of the track and field event in Delhi.
# Roin Oniani

Roin Oniani (born 14 June 1975) is a Georgian former professional footballer who played for the Georgia national team.
# Winnipeg (federal electoral district)

Winnipeg was a federal electoral district in Manitoba, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1882 to 1917.
This riding was created in 1882 from parts of Selkirk riding. It was abolished in 1914 when it was redistributed into Winnipeg Centre, Winnipeg North and Winnipeg South ridings. It consisted of the city of Winnipeg and the municipality of Fort Rouge.

## Election results

1882 Canadian federal election :
| Candidate | Votes |
| Conservative | Thomas Scott | 491 |
| Liberal | Elias George Conklin | 385 |
| Independent Conservative | Col. William Osborne Smith | 73 |
1887 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes |
| | Conservative | SCARTH, W.B. | 1,754 |
| | Liberal | SUTHERLAND, Hugh | 1,746 |
1891 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes |
| | Liberal–Conservative | MACDONALD, H.J. | 2,131 |
| | Liberal | CAMPBELL, Isaac | 1,622 |
By-election: On Mr. Macdonald's resignation, 4 May 1893
By-election on 2 November 1893 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes |
| | Liberal | MARTIN, Joseph | acclaimed |
1896 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes |
| | Liberal–Conservative | MACDONALD, Hon. Hugh J. | 2,961 |
| | Liberal | MARTIN, Joseph | 2,835 |
By-election: On election being declared void, 29 March 1897
By-election on 27 April 1897 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes |
| | Liberal | JAMESON, Richard Willis | 2,326 |
| | Conservative | TAYLOR, E.L. | 1,209 |
By-election: On Mr. Jameson's death, 3 February 1899
By-election on 25 January 1900 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes |
| | Labour | PUTTEE, A.W. | 2,431 |
| | Liberal | MARTIN, E.D. | 2,423 |
1900 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes |
| | Independent Labour | PUTTEE, Arthur W. | 3,441 |
| | Independent | MARTIN, Ed. Daniel | 2,258 |
1904 Canadian federal election :
| Candidate | Votes |
| Liberal | BOLE, D.W. | 4,308 |
| Conservative | EVANS, W.S. | 4,032 |
| Labour | PUTTEE, Arthur W. | 1,290 |
1908 Canadian federal election :
| Candidate | Votes |
| Conservative | HAGGART, Alexander | 8,747 |
| Liberal | CAMERON, Douglas C. | 6,729 |
| Socialist | HOUSTON, John Donald | 1,977 |
1911 Canadian federal election :
| Candidate | Votes |
| Conservative | HAGGART, Alexander | 12,754 |
| Liberal | ASHDOWN, James Henry | 8,049 |
| Socialist | RIGG, Richard Arthur | 2,325 |
By-election: On Mr. Haggart's resignation, 11 October 1911
By-election on 27 October 1911 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes |
| | Conservative | ROGERS, Hon. R. | acclaimed |

## Boundaries

* 1882 representation order
* 1892 representation order
* 1903 representation order
# Hal Ellson

Harold "Hal" Ellson (1910 – October 31, 1994 in Brooklyn) was an American author of pulp fiction whose work primarily focused on juvenile delinquency, a field in which he has been described as "one of the most popular" writers and as "legendary".
Ellson was a social worker, recreational therapist, and nurse's aide at Bellevue Hospital, where he encountered the adolescent psychiatric patients on whom he based much of his fiction; he subsequently stated that many of the patients viewed him as a "father confessor", and eagerly told him their stories while trusting that he would not report them to law enforcement. As a result, Nelson Algren described Ellson's work as "just straight case studies."
Frederic Wertham was an aficionado of Ellson's work, favorably reviewing Ellson's 1949 novel "Duke" in the American Journal of Psychotherapy, and providing an introduction to Ellson's 1950 novel Tomboy; as well, Wertham subsequently cited Tomboy in the first chapter of his own 1954 Seduction of the Innocent.
Mike Shayne Mystery Magazine published reprints of Ellson's short stories such as Walk Away Fast copyright 1956 by Renown Publications, Inc. in its October 1970 issue as well as publishing several of Ellson's original short stories from 1963 to 1981. Ellson's short fiction appeared in Alfred Hitchcock's Mystery Magazine from 1963 to 1983.
Harlan Ellison cited Ellson's work as having inspired his own interest in juvenile delinquency — an interest which led directly to the writing of Ellison's first novel, Web of the City. Ellison also stated that in the earliest days of his career as a writer, he was often mistaken for Ellson writing under a pseudonym — and that decades later, when Ellison had become much more known and Ellson's career had waned, Ellson was often mistaken for Ellison writing under a pseudonym.
# Erythranthe hymenophylla

Erythranthe hymenophylla, synonym Mimulus hymenophyllus, is a species of flowering plant in the lopseed family known by the common names thinsepal monkeyflower and membrane-leaf monkeyflower. It is native to Hells Canyon on the border between Oregon and Idaho in the United States. It has also been reported from Montana.
This plant is a perennial herb producing masses of thin, fragile, winged stems up to 25 centimeters long. They are coated in glandular hairs with a slimy exudate. The leaves are oppositely arranged in pairs. They are lance-shaped to oval with pointed tips and are very thin, nearly membrane-like. Flowers are borne in pairs in the leaf axils. Each has a tube-shaped calyx of green sepals. The corolla is funnel-shaped and variable in size, up to 2.8 centimeters in length. It is yellow with some red or purple dots inside, and it has a beard of yellow hairs on the lower lip. Flowering occurs in April through September.
This plant grows on wet spots in cracks in basalt and limestone cliffs alongside ferns and bryophytes. They are usually above flowing water in streams and rivers. Other plants in the habitat include oceanspray (Holodiscus discolor), snowberry (Symphoricarpos albus), creeping mahonia (Berberis repens), desert gooseberry (Ribes velutinum), golden currant (Ribes aureum), Wilcox penstemon (Penstemon wilcoxii), whorled penstemon (Penstemon triphyllus), floerkea (Floerkea proserpinacoides), Leiberg stonecrop (Sedum leibergii), cutleaf thelypody (Thelypodium laciniatum), brittle bladderfern (Cystopteris fragilis), and common monkeyflower (Erythranthe guttata).
# LS-R

LS-R, or the Layer-Selection-Type Recordable Optical Disk, is the term coined by Hitachi in 2003 for a next-generation optical disc technology which allows much larger data storage densities than DVD, HD DVD or Blu-ray Disc, by allowing the use of many data layers in a single disc. In previous optical disc technologies, relatively few data layers can be incorporated in a single disc, since the reflections from the different layers interfere with each other. However, in LS-R, only the layer of interest generates a reflection, meaning that very many layers can theoretically be stacked in the same disc. This feat is accomplished by an electronic "selection" mechanism, whereby each data layer is coated with electrodes and only the electrodes associated with the layer of interest are activated. This activation changes the "selected" data layer from being transparent to being reflective or opaque, thus it can be addressed.

## Technology

In the Hitachi implementation, LS-R technology utilizes an electrochromic film, for example of tungsten oxide or an organic material to accomplish the optical change. A two-layer feasibility prototype has been demonstrated, and it was estimated that a 20-layer CD-sized disc could provide 1 terabyte of data capacity. Electrical activation of layers has been achieved with transparent ITO electrodes, and a contactless power supply has been developed in order to allow long-term operation (given that the disc is spinning at several thousand revolutions per minute).

## Commercial product

No plans or timeline for the development of a commercial product have been released. It is possible that this technology, while interesting, will remain in the realms of research, either because it is superseded by an alternative technology (such as holographic storage or another 3D optical data storage variant), or because it can not be made to be economically viable. The need for the disc to be meticulously constructed from many layers of different materials, and the need for the drive to be able to electrically address each layer specifically, may make this solution too expensive for commercialization.
In the next generation LS-R may compete with other next-generation optical disc format such as the Holographic versatile disc and Protein-coated disc formats.
# Russians in India

There is a small but recognisable Russian community in India which comprises Indian citizens of Russian heritage as well with Russian expatriates and migrants residing in India. According to the Russian government, 845 Russian citizens are registered as living in India.

## Russians in Goa
### Immigrants

The state of Goa have received many Russian immigrants in the last few years. The Russian exodus to Goa has become a trend as many young people who are unhappy with life back home are moving there for good in search of inner peace. Cheap daily charter flights are now carrying thousands of Russians to the Indian State of Goa famous for its beaches and laid-back mood. Many Russians have also set up businesses in Goa. Many beach side restaurants post their signboards in English and Russian to attract Russian-speaking customers.
The village of Morjim is dubbed "Little Russia" by locals because of the high number of Russians living there.

### Tourists

Goa has always been the favourite haunt among Russian travelers to India. On average, an estimated 3,500 Russians would descend on Goa's shores every ten days in the tourism season.
# Tai Chi Chih

T'ai Chi Chih (simplified Chinese: 太极智; traditional Chinese: 太極智; pinyin: tàijízhì; Wade–Giles: tʼai$^4$ chi$^2$ chih$^4$), abbreviated as TCC, is a series of 19 movements and 1 pose that together make up a meditative form of movement to which practitioners attribute physical, personal, and spiritual health benefits. The name "T'ai Chi Chih" is a trademark registered to Kim Grant and is always title-cased in official self-published sources. Some studies have found the practice to reduce stress and relieve certain ailments.

## History

Developed in Albuquerque, New Mexico, in 1974 by Justin Stone (1916–2012), T'ai Chi Chih has spread mostly through word-of-mouth in a grassroots fashion among practicing individuals.
The form is taught and practiced in the US, Canada, France, Italy, New Zealand, Zimbabwe, Namibia, and other countries.

## Characteristics

T'ai Chi Chih has visual similarities to tai chi, but no martial arts aspect. According to practitioners, T'ai Chi Chih focuses on circulating, developing, and balancing chi (in the traditional Chinese concept, a kind of spiritual energy residing in every living thing).
# Literary Research Guide

Literary Research Guide is a reference work that annotates and evaluates important research materials related to English literature and English literary studies. The first edition appeared in 1989 and the fifth edition was published in 2008. These editions were printed books and the work was digitalized into an electronic version c. 2008.
The latest edition describes its mission as follows: "a selected, annotated guide to reference sources essential to the study of British literature, literatures of the United States, other literatures in English and related topics".
This work won Choice Outstanding Academic Book Award which was given by the Association of College and Research Libraries's review magazine Choice.
The author of the Guide was James L. Harner (died May 2016), an academic at Texas A&M University, who also edited the World Shakespeare Bibliography, which is now online and is the single-largest Shakespeare database in the world.
# Amit Bose (government official)

Amitabha Bose is an American attorney and transportation policy advisor who served as the administrator of the Federal Railroad Administration from 2022 to 2025. Bose has served as deputy administrator since January 2021 and was confirmed by the Senate on January 12, 2022. He is the first person of South Asian descent to lead the FRA.

## Early life and education

Bose was born to an Indian Bengali Family in Kolkata. He arrived in the United States at age five and grew up in DeKalb County, Georgia. He received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Columbia University in 1994, a Master of International Affairs from the School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University in 1995, and a Juris Doctor from the University of Georgia School of Law.

## Career

Bose served in the New Jersey Department of Transportation before holding posts in the United States Department of Transportation, where he was the associate general counsel and deputy assistant secretary for governmental affairs. He later joined the Federal Railroad Administration, where he served as deputy administrator and chief counsel during the Obama administration. During his tenure at the DOT and the FRA, he was involved in the Northeast Corridor Gateway Program, California High Speed Rail Project, Northeast Corridor Future, Southeast Passenger Rail and Build America Bureau.
After leaving the public sector, Bose joined HNTB in 2017 as mid-Atlantic district transit and rail director, and associate vice president. He also served as board chairman of the Coalition for Northeast Corridor.
On January 22, 2021, Bose was appointed to the role of deputy administrator of the Federal Railroad Administration. On January 12, 2022, Bose was confirmed by the Senate to be the administrator of the Federal Railroad Administration by a vote of 68–29.
# Dipali Cunningham

Dipali Cunningham (born August 27, 1958) from Melbourne, Australia now she lives in New York City, USA is an ultramarathon woman runner. Dipali is a Disciple from the spiritual Master Sri Chinmoy over 30 years.

## History

She began multiday running in 1991 with the Sri Chinmoy 7 Day race in Flushing Meadow, Queens, New York.

## Records

Cunningham won the Self-Transcendence 6 Day Race every year between 1998-2015. In 2001, she set the 6 Day Road World Best of 821.862 km.
* 1993 1000-Mile Race -First Place (Australian record) - 15days+12:52:02
* 1997 1000 Mile Race-First Place (Australian record) - 13days+20:18:40
* 1998 women's world best on the road for six days with 504 miles.
* 2001 women's world record on the road for six days with 510 miles.
* 2004 women's age group 45-49 world best for six days with 479 miles.
* 2009 women's world best on the road for six days with 513 miles.
   "I think I am being shown that age is in the mind."
# Powerlifting at the 2020 Summer Paralympics – Women's 50 kg

The women's 50 kg powerlifting event at the 2020 Summer Paralympics was contested on 27 August at Tokyo International Forum.

## Records

There are twenty powerlifting events, corresponding to ten weight classes each for men and women. Prior to this competition, the existing world and Paralympic records were as follows.
| World Record | Esther Oyema (NGR) | 131.0 kg | Gold Coast, Australia | 10 April 2018 |
| Paralympic Record | Lidiia Soloviova (UKR) | 107.0 kg | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | 10 September 2016 |

## Results

| Rank | Name | Body weight (kg) | Attempts (kg) | Attempts (kg) | Attempts (kg) | Attempts (kg) | Result (kg) |
| Rank | Name | Body weight (kg) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Result (kg) |
| | Hu Dandan (CHN) | 49.27 | 105 | 112 | 120 | – | 120 |
| | Rehab Ahmed (EGY) | 49.87 | 117 | 120 PR | 121 | – | 120 |
| | Olivia Broome (GBR) | 49.53 | 106 | 107 | 109 | – | 107 |
| 4 | Lidiia Soloviova (UKR) | 48.49 | 104 | 106 | 108 | – | 106 |
| 5 | Sakina Khatun (IND) | 47.01 | 90 | 93 | 93 | – | 93 |
| 6 | Loida Zabala Ollero (ESP) | 49.25 | 93 | 97 | 97 | – | 93 |
| 7 | Gulbanu Abdykhalykova (KAZ) | 49.70 | 70 | 76 | 80 | – | 76 |
| 8 | Halima Lemtakhem (MAR) | 48.68 | 75 | 80 | 80 | – | 75 |
| | Mayra Alejandra Hernández Godínez (MEX) | 48.37 | 82 | 82 | 85 | – | – |
# Lucian Bălan

Lucian Bălan (25 June 1959 – 12 November 2015) was a Romanian football player and coach, winner of the European Cup and the European Supercup in 1986 and the European Supercup, both with Steaua București and former coach at a football school in Baia Mare.

## Career

Lucian Bălan played one friendly game at international level for Romania, making his appearance on 8 April 1987 when coach Emerich Jenei sent him on the field at half-time to replace Gavril Balint in a 3–2 home victory against Israel.
On 25 March 2008, he was decorated by the president of Romania, Traian Băsescu for the winning of the UEFA Champions League with Ordinul "Meritul Sportiv" – (The Order "The Sportive Merit") class II.
Bălan died by suicide on 12 November 2015.

## Honours

FC Baia Mare
* Divizia B: 1981–82
Steaua București
* Divizia A: 1985–86, 1986–87, 1987–88, 1988–89
* Romanian Cup: 1986–87, 1988–89
* European Cup: 1985–86
* UEFA Super Cup: 1986
# Taiwan Area National Expressway Engineering Bureau

25°01′31″N 121°32′49″E﻿ / ﻿25.025408°N 121.546981°E﻿ / 25.025408; 121.546981
The Taiwan Area National Expressway Engineering Bureau (TANEEB; traditional Chinese: 交通部臺灣區國道新建工程局; simplified Chinese: 交通部台湾区国道新建工程局; pinyin: Jiāotōng Bù Táiwān Qū Guódào Xīnjiàn Gōngchéng Jú) was the organization under the Ministry of Transportation and Communications of the Republic of China in charge for the planning, land acquisition, bidding and construction of national expressway network in Taiwan.

## History

TANEEB was established on 5 January 1990 due to the increasing flow of vehicles after the opening of the first freeway in 1978.
On 12 February 2018, it was merged into the Freeway Bureau.