OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Second Battle of Kidal

The Second Battle of Kidal took place during the Mali War, when MNLA forces in control of Kidal attacked Prime Minister Moussa Mara's convoy during a visit to the town. Consequently, Malian government forces launched an offensive to retake the city, successfully recapturing it.
Since the foreign intervention in Mali, Kidal was retaken by French, Malian, and Chadian troops. On 17 May 2014, Moussa Mara, the Malian prime minister came to visit Kidal.

## The battle
### Prime Minister's visit and hostage-taking

On 17 May, in Kidal, the Prime Minister convoy's was attacked in the streets of the city. As a result, the Prime Minister condemned the violence as "...a declaration of war" and promised an "...appropriate response."
On 18 May, following the capture of areas of the governorate by the MNLA, 1500 Malian soldiers arrived in the city. During the capture of this government building, the MNLA captured around 30 officials but they were released soon after.

### Malian army offensive

On 21 May, the Malian army launched an offensive to retake the city. The fighting lasted five hours after the military camp number 1 was captured by the MNLA. After the fighting, the Malian soldiers fled towards Gao, others fled to the military camp number 2, held by the French troops and Minusma. 50 Malian soldiers were killed and 40 wounded in the fighting.
According to MNLA, they seized "...50 brand new 4 x 4 vehicles," 12 armored vehicles and tons of ammunition and weapons.
# 2007 Nigerian Senate elections in Ogun State

The 2007 Nigerian Senate election in Ogun State was held on 21 April 2007, to elect members of the Nigerian Senate to represent Ogun State. Iyabo Obasanjo representing Ogun Central and Ramoni Mustapha representing Ogun East won on the platform of Peoples Democratic Party, while Felix Bajomo representing Ogun West won on the platform of the Action Congress.

## Overview

| Affiliation | Party | Party | Total |
| Affiliation | PDP | AC | Total |
| Before Election | | | 3 |
| After Election | 2 | 1 | 3 |

## Summary

| District | Elected Senator | Party |
| Ogun Central | Iyabo Obasanjo | PDP |
| Ogun East | Ramoni Mustapha | PDP |
| Ogun West | Felix Bajomo | AC |

## Results
### Ogun Central

The election was won by Iyabo Obasanjo of the Peoples Democratic Party.
2007 Nigerian Senate election in Ogun State :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | PDP | Iyabo Obasanjo | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | | |
| | PDP hold | PDP hold | PDP hold | PDP hold |

### Lagos East

The election was won by Ramoni Mustapha of the Peoples Democratic Party.
2007 Nigerian Senate election in Ogun State :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | PDP | Ramoni Mustapha | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | | |
| | PDP hold | PDP hold | PDP hold | PDP hold |

### Ogun West

The election was won by Felix Bajomo of the Action Congress.
2007 Nigerian Senate election in Ogun State :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | AC | Felix Bajomo | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | | |
| | AC hold | AC hold | AC hold | AC hold |
# 1983 Ondo State gubernatorial election

The 1983 Ondo State gubernatorial election occurred on August 13, 1983. UPN candidate Michael Adekunle Ajasin won the election.

## Results

Michael Adekunle Ajasin representing UPN won the election. The election held on August 13, 1983.
# M. A. Hannan Feroz

M. A. Hannan Feroz was a Bangladeshi entrepreneur, academic, and vice-chancellor and president of Stamford University. He was the president of the editorial board of Daily Amader Shomoy and editor of Daily Bangladesh Shomoy. He was the chairman of STV-US.

## Early life

Feroz was born on 1 October 1965 in Rajapur Upazila, Jhalakati District, East Pakistan, Pakistan. He did his bachelors and master's in commerce at the University of Dhaka in 1977. He completed his PhD at the London Institute of Technology and Research.

## Career

Feroz was a lecturer at Stamford College Group in Malaysia from 1987 to 1993. He founded Stamford University in 1994. He became a visiting professor at University at Buffalo and Claflin University in 1998. From 2002 to 2008, Feroz was the vice chancellor of Stamford University, of which he was the founding president. In May 2006, he entered the university campus under police protection following protests by students demanding improvements to services and facilities on campus.
In 2005, Feroz became the founding chairman of STV-US, based in New York City. He became and editor of publisher of The Daily Bangladesh Shomoy in 2007.
In July 2014, Bangladesh Police detained Feroz on charges of ordering a hit against AKM Enamul Hoque Shameem, leader of the Awami League and member of the board of trustee of Stamford University, who was shot but survived. An inspector of the Detective Branch and lead investigator alleged Feroz had hired a hitman to shoot and kill Shameem. Rapid Action Battalion suggest the attack was linked with a dispute over the ownership of Stamford University. He secured bail in August. He signed an MOU with Bangladesh Academy for Rural Development on 10 January 2015.

## Personal life

Feroz was married to Fatinaaz Feroz.

## Death

Feroz died on 29 October 2017 from a brain stroke in Dhaka, Bangladesh. AKM Enamul Hoque Shameem attended an event marking the first death anniversary of Feroz.
# Orlu State bill

The Orlu State bill, was a proposed bill sponsored by Ikenga Ugochinyere and 15 other legislators from the South-east region of Nigeria. The bill, which passed its 1st reading at the Nigerian House of Representatives on 5 June 2024, sought to carve out parts of Imo, Abia, and Anambra states to create a new state officially to be known as Orlu. Its proposed capital would be Orlu, currently the second-largest city in Imo State and Ideato, its Senatorial District.

## Reactions

The Ọhanaeze Ndigbo Youth Council said the new state creation bill is provocative and unacceptable.
The Anambra State communities of Ozubulu and Umunze rejected the proposal, stating they would continue to be part of Anambra State instead of Orlu State. The Abia State community of Umunneochi Local Government Council also rejected the proposal and instead proposed the creation of "Etiti State."
House of Representatives member Chinwe Nnabuife, representing Orumba South and North of Anambra State, rejected the proposal. She said her constituency was not part of it.
House of Representatives member representing Nnewi North/Nnewi South/Ekwusigo Federal Constituency of Anambra State, rejected the proposal. He said he was not against it but proper consultations should be done.
Socio-cultural organisation, "Ogbako Ohaji People’s Forum" rejected the inclusion of Ohaji local government area of Imo State.
# Valeri Likhobabenko

Valeri Valeryevich Likhobabenko (Russian: Валерий Валерьевич Лихобабенко; born 17 February 1976) is a Russian former professional footballer.

## Club career

He made his professional debut in the Russian Third League in 1994 for FC Torgmash Lyubertsy. He played in one game in the UEFA Intertoto Cup 1997 for FC Dynamo Moscow.

## Honours

* Russian Cup finalist: 2001.
* Kazakhstan Premier League champion: 2004.
# Michal Klusáček

Michal Klusáček (born 23 October 1979) is a Czech politician and flight engineer.

## Biography

Between 2001 and 2007, Klusáček studied construction of air engines at Samara State Aerospace University. From 2012 to 2019, he was leader of the Czech National Social Party.
In May 2016, Klusáček and his party met with controversy when they covered up an information board at a memorial to executed Germans in Špindlerův Mlýn, stating that the board lacked historical context and those executed were sympathizers of the Third Reich. The information board was later restored to its original state. Due to disputes within the party, he was excluded in August 2019 by the new leadership around Vladislav Svoboda.
In the 2024 European Parliament election, Klusáček ran as a member of the Czech National Socialist Party in 11th place on the Stačilo! candidate list. He received 805 preferential votes, becoming the 9th alternate on the list.
# 2007 Oyo State gubernatorial election

The 2007 Oyo State gubernatorial election was the 6th gubernatorial election of Oyo State. Held on April 14, 2007, the People's Democratic Party nominee Christopher Alao-Akala won the election, defeating Abiola Ajimobi of the All Nigeria Peoples Party.

## Results

A total of 15 candidates contested in the election. Christopher Alao-Akala from the People's Democratic Party won the election, defeating Abiola Ajimobi from the All Nigeria Peoples Party. Registered voters was 1,793,476.
2007 Oyo State gubernatorial election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| PDP | Christopher Alao-Akala | 357,972 | | |
| ANPP | Abiola Ajimobi | 239,189 | | |
| PDP hold | PDP hold | PDP hold | PDP hold | PDP hold |
# Sodo Zuria

Sodo Zuria (Amharic "Greater Sodo Area") is one of the woredas in the South Ethiopia Regional State of Ethiopia. Part of the Wolayita Zone, Sodo Zuria is bordered on the southwest by Offa, on the west by Kindo Koysha, on the northwest by Damot Sore, on the north by Boloso Sore, on the northeast by Damot Gale, on the east by Damot Weyde, on the west by Bayra Koysha and on the southeast by Humbo. Sodo city is an administrative center for Sodo Zuria woreda.
According to a 2004 report, Sodo Zuria had 22 kilometers of asphalt roads, 104 kilometers of all-weather roads and 48 kilometers of dry-weather roads, for an average road density of 380 kilometers per 1000 square kilometers. In 2006 the Woreda Agriculture and Rural Development Office announced that they had begun development projects that included the creation or maintenance of 105 kilometers of road in 34 kebeles of Sodo Zuria woreda. This would cost 2.5 million Birr.

## History

Sodo Zuria was selected by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development in 2004 as one of several woredas for voluntary resettlement for farmers from overpopulated areas, becoming the new home for a total of 1268 heads of households and 5072 total family members.
The World Bank approved funding November 2007 for a project sponsored by World Vision Ethiopia to restore forest to 1,000 to 2,000 hectares in Soddo Zuria and 3,000 to 4,000 hectares in Humbo using native species, a program which would be funded with funds from carbon offset purchases.

## Demographics

Based on the 2019 population projection conducted by the CSA, this woreda has a total population of 200,911, of whom 98,824 are men and 102,087 women. The majority of the inhabitants were Protestants, with 66.67% of the population reporting that belief, 26.83% practiced Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, and 5.28% were Catholic.
The 1994 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 200,866 of whom 99,979 were men and 100,887 were women; 36,287 or 18.07% of its population were urban dwellers. The five largest ethnic groups reported in Sodo Zuria were the Welayta (92.81%), the Amhara (2.6%), the Gamo (0.85%), the Dorze (0.77%), and the Silt'e (0.76%); all other ethnic groups made up 2.21% of the population. Welayta is spoken as a first language by 93.14%, 4.17% Amharic, 0.65% Gamo, and 0.58% speak Dorze; the remaining 1.46% spoke all other primary languages reported. The majority of the inhabitants practiced Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, with 52.03% of the population reporting they held that belief, while 43.06% were Protestants, 2.4% were Roman Catholic, and 1.61% were Muslim.
# Henry Frank

Henry L. Frank (c. 1851–1908) was an American politician and businessman based in Montana.
Frank was born in Ohio about 1851, and was of French descent. A self-made entrepreneur who invested in liquor distribution, real estate and mining, he also founded the Silver Bow Electric Light Company, was president of the Butte Water Company, and was the first chairman of the board of trustees of the Montana State School of Mines, a position held until his death.
Henry Frank also co-owned (with Sam Gebo) the Canadian-American Coal and Coke Company which operated a coal mine in the town of Frank, Alberta, Canada. He paid 30,000 for the property and the town was named after him. The mine owned by the company was damaged in the famous Frank Slide of 1903.
Henry Frank was twice mayor of Butte, Montana (1885 - 1887) and a member of the first and second Montana state legislatures representing Silver Bow County. A Democrat, he was the 1896 chairman for the State Central Committee and was elected the presidential elector for Montana. He was nearly nominated for the US Senate in 1901 during a dramatic overnight debate (a clock was smashed so that nomination could be completed before a midnight deadline), eventually supporting Paris Gibson.
Henry Frank achieved the 33rd degree of Freemasonry and in 1905 became grand master of the Grand Lodge of Montana, and was also active in the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks and Knights of Pythias lodges.
Henry L. Frank died under uncertain circumstances in 1908 at age 57 while visiting his mother in Cincinnati, Ohio. There is some suggestion that depression or mental illness contributed to his death.
# Dongsi Shitiao station

Dongsi Shitiao station (simplified Chinese: 东四十条站; traditional Chinese: 東四十條站; pinyin: Dōngsì Shítiáo zhàn), is an interchange station on Line 2 and Line 3 of the Beijing Subway.

## Name

Dongsi Subdistrict is an area in the northeastern side of the old town of Beijing. Hutongs are sorted numerically from south to north, and are called "tiao" in local parlance. Shitiao therefore refers to the tenth hutong in the Dongsi area, counted from south to north.

## Use

The station is particularly busy during Beijing Guo'an matches, due to its proximity to the Workers' Stadium.

## Station layout

The Line 2 station has an underground island platform, whilst the Line 3 station has an underground split island platform.
There is an unused platform below the existing Line 2 platform, built during the construction of the station, which was to have been used for the planned Line 3. The unused platform, originally meant for Line 3, will not be used for its original purpose, due to the newer rolling stock being too large for the original platform. Instead, it became the transfer concourse between the two lines. The connection between the two levels opened four decades after the station for Line 2 opened. For Line 3, two new platforms were built seven or eight metres below the original, one for each direction.
To allow construction of Line 3 platforms, the station of Line 2 has suspended for services between November 25, 2023 and February 27, 2024.

## Exits

There are four exits, lettered A, B, C, and D. Exits B and C have accessible elevators.

## Gallery

* Transfer concourse (formerly reserved for Line 3)
* former reserved for Line 3, pictured in July 2021
* Line 2's North concourse (February 2021)
* Line 2's North concourse (February 2024)
* Line 2's North concourse extension (February 2024)
* Line 2's south concourse
* Line 2's South concourse extension (February 2024)
* Interchange interface on Line 2's platform
* Line 2 platform before the installation of platform screen doors
* North transfer stairs from Line 2 to Line 3 before renovation (March 2020)
* North transfer stairs from Line 2 to Line 3 post-renovation (December 2024)
* South transfer stairs from Line 2 to Line 3 before renovation (September 2017)
* South transfer stairs from Line 2 to Line 3 post-renovation (December 2024)
* Western part of the original reserved platform converted to the transfer concourse (December 2024)
* East end of the original reserved platform converted to the transfer concourse (December 2024)
* Eastern part of the original reserved platform converted to the conversion level (December 2024)
* Line 3 originating platform (at the end of the 4th carriage)
* Line 3 terminating platform
* Line 3 platform passage 2
* Line 3 platform passage 3
* Line 3 platform passage 4
# Lysophosphatidylethanolamine

A lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) is a chemical compound derived from a phosphatidylethanolamine, which is typical of cell membranes. LPE results from partial hydrolysis of phosphatidylethanolamine, which removes one of the fatty acid groups. The hydrolysis is generally the result of the enzymatic action of phospholipase A2. LPE can be used in agricultural use to regulate plant growth such as color increase, sugar content increase, plant health increase, and storability increase without side effect.
LPE is present as a minor phospholipid in the cell membrane. Actually, LPE was detected in human serum, and its level is reported to be about several hundred ng mL$^{−1}$. Available sources of LPE are egg yolk lecithin (≤1.5%), soybean lecithin (≤0.2%), and other lecithins.

## Function

Lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE also, lisophos ) is a minor constituent of cell membranes(natural compound). LPE plays a role in cell-mediated cell signaling and activation of other enzymes. The physiological significance of the plasma LPE remains unknown. However, LPE has antifungal and antibacterial activity in the housefly,and in certain mushrooms, it stimulates the MAPK cascade.
Previous studies showed that LPE, a natural phospholipid, can accelerate ripening and prolong shelf life of tomato fruit, and retard senescence in attached and detached leaves and fruit of tomato. In other studies, LPE inhibited the activity of phospholipase D (PLD), a membrane degrading enzyme, of which active is increased during senescence. More recently, it is reported that LPE can also accelerate color development and promote shelf life of cranberries, and increase fruit qualities of Thompson seedless grapes, in such as soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), firmness, and size. Along with these results show that LPE can accelerate ripening of fruit and also, have potential to protect senescence.

## Structure and chemistry

Lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) is composed of an ethanolamine head group and glycerophosphoric acid with a various fatty acid located sn-1 position. The fatty acid may be saturated or unsaturated acyl.
* Chemical name: 1-Acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho(2-aminoethanol)
* CAS number: 95046-40-5
* Molecular weight: ≅479

## Uses

Lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) is a minor membrane glycerolipid; however, it has been reported that it has useful physiological effects on fruit and vegetable crops. LPE was approved by the United States Environmental Protection Agency for use on agricultural crops. It is used with tomatoes, peppers, grapes, cranberry, and oranges for increasing color, sugar contents and their storage life. In addition, it is reported that LPE can delay senescence in leaves and fruits, and mitigate stress of ethylene-induced process.
SignaFresh, the brand name made of LPE, is helpful for crops to be valuable product. Preharvest application of SignaFresh leads ideal postharvest behaviors.
# Oishi Susumu

Oishi Susumu Tanetsugu (大石進種次, 1798–1863) was a Japanese kenjutsu practitioner. He was active during the Tenpō period in the first half of the nineteenth century. A retainer of the Tachibana clan, he was unusually tall for a Japanese person of his day, standing 5 ft 11 in (1.8 meters) tall.
Having trained in the Yagyū Shinkage-ryū, Oishi started his own style of swordsmanship called the Oishi Shinkage Ryu, which attracted many pupils and made Oishi comparatively wealthy. He also made money from dojo arashi (dojo storming), a practice in which a skilled swordsman would challenge masters of other schools. As Oishi was a formidable fighter, many teachers paid him off in order to avoid the embarrassment of a public defeat. Oishi himself eventually suffered a swift and humiliating defeat at the hands of Otani Nobutomo, a swordsman of the Jikishinkage-ryū.
He specialised in powerful thrusting techniques, which were made more effective by the length of his weapon. At the time there was no standardisation of equipment in kendo, and Oishi was noted for using exceptionally long swords or shinai (practice swords), sometimes with blades as long as 5 ft 3 in (1.6 meters). He also made use of customised bōgu (kendo armour), adding complex deflective crests and flaps to confound an opponent's attacks.
# Igor Gavrilin (footballer)

Igor Aleksandrovich Gavrilin (Russian: Игорь Александрович Гаврилин; born 10 November 1972) is a Russian professional football coach and a former player. He is an assistant manager for FC Saturn Ramenskoye.

## Honours

* Russian Premier League bronze: 1992, 1993.
* Russian Cup finalist: 2005 (played in the early stages of the 2004/05 tournament for FC Khimki).
# Marianne Alissan de la Tour

Marianne Alissan de la Tour ( 1730. – 7 September 1789) was a French writer. She was the daughter of Jean Baptiste Merlet de Foussomme and the wife of Alexandre Jean-Baptiste Alissan de La Tour (b. 1727); the marriage was unhappy and they separated.

## Biography

She is mostly known for exchanging letters with Rousseau. She was an admirer of his works and they wrote to each other from 1761 to 1776.
Her letters contain many figures borrowed from the previous century, but also many from La Nouvelle Héloïse, in view of a usage that had been in the process of being codified only a few decades earlier. Mme de la Tour, a model correspondent, ‘good student’ and assiduous reader of Rousseau, is an example of those unknown ladies who helped to establish the form of epistolary exchanges by drawing inspiration from literature, illustrating Habermas's theory that in the mid-eighteenth century the spheres of the public and the private were mutually fertile.
She was author of Précis pour M. J.J. Rousseau, en réponse a l'Exposé succinct de M. Hume (1767) and Jean Jaques Rousseau vangé par son amie, ou Morale pratico-philosophico-encyclopédique des Coryphées de la secte (1779).
# Chondrenchelyiformes

Chondrenchelyiformes is an extinct order of holocephalan cartilaginous fish, known from the Early Carboniferous of Europe and North America. There are currently two recognised genera known from largely complete remains, Chondrenchelys from the Visean of Scotland, and Harpagofututor from the Serpukhovian aged Bear Gulch Limestone of Montana, United States. Both genera have elongate, eel-like bodies, with their mouths having tooth plates similar to those of living chimaeras, to which they share numerous anatomical similarities indicating a close relationship. Isolated tooth plates assigned to the genus Platyxystrodus likely belong to members of the family, which would extend the range of the group into the late Carboniferous.

## Anatomy

Chondrenchelyiformes generally have elongate bodies with tapered heads, the lower jaw (mandible) is elongate, and articulates with the quadrate bone of the skull below the posteior edge of the eye socket. The dentition is composed of tooth plates, including paired plates in the upper and lower jaws (with the posterior tooth plates being larger than those further forward) , and an unpaired symphyseal plate at the front of the lower jaw. There is a long fin running along the upper body surface known as the median fin (which notably lacks a fin spine). The left and right halves of the pectoral girdle are not fused to each other. The pectoral fins are smaller in females in males, the pelvic clasper of the male is elongate, and their metapterygia are robust.