# Ryamizard Ryacudu

General (Ret.) Ryamizard Ryacudu id (born 21 April 1950) is an Indonesian politician who served as the Minister of Defense of Indonesia from 2014 until 2019. He previously served as Chief of Staff of the Indonesian Army from 2002 to 2005, and was Commander of Army Strategic Command from 2000 to 2002.

## Early life and family

Ryamizard Ryacudu was born in Palembang on 21 April 1950 as the eldest child of Major General Musannif Ryacudu, a well known figure in Lampung and a general acquainted to Sukarno. His father is also a descendant of an Islamic preacher who spread Islam in Lampung. He was married to Nora Tristyana, daughter to former Vice President of Indonesia Try Sutrisno. His younger brother, Syamsura Ryacudu serves as Governor of Lampung between 2008 and 2009.

## Military career

Following the footsteps of his father, Ryamizard enrolled in the Indonesian Military Academy (Akabri) and graduated on 1974. He rose in the ranks as a platoon commander in Kodam XII/Tanjungpura on 15 November 1976, later promoted gradually to company commander, staff of battalion operations and battalion commander. He was first deployed in combat against North Kalimantan Communist Party between 1976-1982.
He rose to prominence in his military career after becoming the commander of Kodam V/Brawijaya in 1999 and later Kodam Jayakarta. During the shakeup of the political elite during Gus Dur's presidency that led up to his impeachment, Ryamizard threatened to take action against whoever was trying to disturb the peace. Distinguished in his role as commander of Kodam Jayakarta, Ryamizard was promoted to lieutenant general and became the Commander of Army Strategic Reserve Command, taking over from Agus Wirahadikusumah.
As the Kostrad commander, he once led an alert call on 23 July 2001 during the Special Session of the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR), leading and coordinating soldiers from all three branches of the armed forces. Ryamizard clarified that the alert call was to prevent any violence resulting from political chaos such as the May 1998 riots. However, he stated that the TNI would remain neutral as the special session of the MPR was not their concern. His ability to coordinate together with the Indonesian Navy and Indonesian Air Force rewarded him with an appointment as Deputy Chief of Staff of the Army and later Chief of Staff of the Army replacing Endriartono Sutarto.
When he was Chief of Staff of the Indonesian Army, he was once surrounded by enemy forces. On 20 February 2005, he led a delegation to oversee a bridge reconstruction after the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami when he got ambushed by 20 rebel soldiers of the Free Aceh Movement (GAM). As both sides engaged, Ryamizard armed himself with a MP5 submachine gun and joined TNI soldiers in returning fire and pursuing GAM forces for 30 minutes. As GAM soldiers retreated to nearby swamps and hills, Ryamizard instructed the soldiers to be on guard. A former GAM soldier once remarked in the encounter that if given the chance, Ryamizard would have been hit as they were in close combat radius of 4 meters within the general, but they choose not to shoot him due to Ryamizard's contribution in rebuilding Aceh. When this occurred, Ryamizard was on his final days of his tenure as he was scheduled to hand over his position to Lieutenant General Djoko Santoso at the end of February.
He was nominated as Commander of the Indonesian National Armed Forces at the end of Megawati Sukarnoputri's tenure as president. However, during the transition of power to Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, his nomination was annulled with Endriartono Sutarto's command extended. Eventually, he was skipped over in favor of Air Chief Marshal Djoko Suyanto due to his annulled nomination.

## Political career

Ryamizard was regarded as "Megawati's man". His nomination as Commander of the Indonesian National Armed Forces was nullified by Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono who choose to extend Endriartono Sutarto's tenure. This rejection sparked a rumor of personal conflict between Ryamizard and Yudhoyono, which Abdurrahman Wahid speculated to be true. After retiring from his military career, Ryamizard initially did not want to enter into politics. However in 2008, when he participated in a declaration by National Assembly of Indonesia organization, he had stated he will consider to be a presidential candidate should he get popular support. On 27 January, 2009, he was invited to PDI-P national party congress, replacing Hidayat Nur Wahid whose invite got revoked, leading to speculations that Megawati will potentially name Ryamizard as her running mate in the 2009 Indonesian presidential election.
His vice presidential candidacy rumors surfaced once more when he was named one of the options for Joko Widodo's running mate, although the choice ultimately went to Jusuf Kalla. Regardless, Ryamizard Ryacudu endorsed Joko Widodo and Jusuf Kalla and helped in their campaign by giving campaign advices to volunteers during the 2014 Indonesian presidential election. Jokowi later appointed Ryamizard as Minister of Defense in his Working Cabinet.

### Minister of Defense

Ryamizard is appointed as Minister of Defense on 27 October 2014. His appointment was opposed by military analysts who viewed that ex-military officials may slow down progress on the military as they may create bias in favor of the military branch they serve in. His appointment was criticized by human rights activist as he commit human right violations in his military career.
As a minister, Ryamizard focuses more on military reforms and internal stability. In his tenure, he prioritize the armed forces to handle domestic threats, including terrorism and radicalism. He also prioritize bilateral military cooperation especially between countries such as Australia and United States.
His ministerial tenure oversaw the sale of Tarlac-class landing platform dock to the Philippine Navy and numerous aircraft sales to numerous African countries. Hailing it as an achievement, Ryamizard pushed for advancements within the defense industry of Indonesia and rely less on foreign imports.