OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Asian Institute of Gemological Sciences

The Asian Institute of Gemological Sciences (AIGS) is a private gemological school and gemological laboratory based in Bangkok, Thailand.

## History

The AIGS was founded in 1978 and was Thailand's first educational facility devoted to the study of gemstones. The school and the laboratory are located in the Jewelry Trade Center, on Silom Road, in the heart of the gem and jewellery district of Bangkok.
The AIGS school offers an Accredited Gemologist (A.G.) diploma (in Thai or English language) including "gemstone identification", "gemstone grading and pricing", "synthetics and treatments identification", and "diamonds". It also offers short courses such as introduction to gemology and jewelry design. With about 15,000 graduates from all over the world, it is one of the leading Gemological institutes in Southeast Asia.
The AIGS Gemological Laboratory was the first professional Gemological laboratory to be established in Asia (1978). It is a member of the Thai Gem and Jewelry Traders Association (TGJTA), and the International Colored Gemstone Association (ICA). The AIGS Gem Laboratory is very well known for its expertise in colored gemstones, especially ruby, sapphire, emerald, jade and rare stones, but it also provides identification and grading services for diamonds and jewelry.
# Mahammad Abdullayev

Mahammad Abdullayev (Azerbaijani: Məhəmməd Ramazan oğlu Abdullayev, born 6 April 1999) is an Azerbaijani boxer. He competed in the 2020 Summer Olympics at super heavyweight but lost to eventual winner Bakhodir Jalolov in the second round. He then contested the men's super heavyweight division at the 2021 World Championships, where he won a medal.
# Walter Ledgard

Walter Ledgard (25 October 1915 – 8 March 1999) was a Peruvian swimmer. He competed in the men's 400 metre freestyle at the 1936 Summer Olympics.
# La Salle-de-Vihiers

La Salle-de-Vihiers (French pronunciation: ) is a former commune in the Maine-et-Loire department in western France.
On 15 December 2015, Chanzeaux, La Chapelle-Rousselin, Chemillé-Melay, Cossé-d'Anjou, La Jumellière, Neuvy-en-Mauges, Sainte-Christine, Saint-Georges-des-Gardes, Saint-Lézin, La Salle-de-Vihiers, La Tourlandry and Valanjou merged becoming one commune called Chemillé-en-Anjou.
# Russell Basser

Russell Basser (born 20 March 1960) is an Australian former water polo player who competed in the 1984 Summer Olympics.
He is Jewish, and played in the Maccabiah Games in Israel in the 1980s. In 1985 he was named the Australian Jewish Sportsman of the Year. He was a torchbearer in Australia for the 2000 Sydney Olympics.
Basser went to Caulfield Grammar from 1972-77. He graduated from the University of Melbourne in Medicine, trained as an oncologist and worked in academic medicine at Royal Melbourne Hospital and Western Hospitals. He later joined biopharmaceutical company CSL Limited, where he was in charge of clinical trials and later was in charge of vaccine research and Development. He retired in 2022.
# Timoci Natuva

Colonel Timoci Lesikivatukoula Natuva OF (MIL) (born 1957 in Wainibokasi, Tailevu) is a former Fijian politician and Member of the Parliament of Fiji. He has previously served as Minister for Immigration, National Security and Defence.
Natuva is a former Colonel in the Republic of Fiji Military Forces. He holds a Master of Arts in Strategic Studies from Deakin University. He attended Sawani Village School and later Lelean Memorial School. He has had over 30 years of military experience. Between 1989–90, he Company Commandered with 2FIR in Sinai. He was appointed Chief Operations Officer Civil Military Affairs at the UNTAET in Dili, East Timor and Darwin, Australia, and between 1992–93, he was appointed Military Advisor to the UN Secretary General in Afghanistan and Pakistan. In 2001, he assumed the position of Chief-of-Staff of the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL). In 2007 he was appointed to be Contingent Commander of the First Fiji Infantry Regiment, Fiji Guard Unit for the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI).
Natuva has attended various institutions including Royal Australian Naval College, Asia Pacific Centre for Security Studies at Honolulu, Naval and the Post Graduate School at Monterey, California. He is also a Fellow of the Australian Defence College of Strategic Studies at Canberra, Australia.
Natuva was elected to Parliament in the 2014 election, in which he won 2,691 votes. He was appointed to Cabinet as Minister for Immigration, National Security and Defence in September 2014. in August 2016 he resigned as a Minister in order to spend more time with his family. He was replaced as an MP by Howard Politini.
# 2011 Nigerian Senate elections in Benue State

The 2011 Nigerian Senate election in Benue State was held on April 9, 2011, to elect members of the Nigerian Senate to represent Benue State. Barnabas Andyar Gemade representing Benue North East and David Mark representing Benue South won on the platform of Peoples Democratic Party, while George Akume representing Benue North West won on the platform of Action Congress of Nigeria.

## Overview

| Affiliation | Party | Party | Total |
| Affiliation | PDP | ACN | Total |
| Before Election | | | 3 |
| After Election | 2 | 1 | 3 |

## Summary

| District | Elected Senator | Party |
| Benue North East | Barnabas Andyar Gemade | PDP |
| Benue South | David Mark | PDP |
| Benue North West | George Akume | ACN |

## Results
### Benue North East

Peoples Democratic Party candidate Barnabas Andyar Gemade won the election, defeating other party candidates.
2011 Nigerian Senate election in Benue State :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | PDP | Barnabas Andyar Gemade | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | | |
| | PDP hold | PDP hold | PDP hold | PDP hold |

### Benue South

Peoples Democratic Party candidate David Mark won the election, defeating other party candidates.
2011 Nigerian Senate election in Benue State :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | PDP | David Mark | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | | |
| | PDP hold | PDP hold | PDP hold | PDP hold |

### Benue North West

Action Congress of Nigeria candidate George Akume won the election, defeating other party candidates.
2011 Nigerian Senate election in Benue State :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | ACN | George Akume | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | | |
| | ACN hold | ACN hold | ACN hold | ACN hold |
# Ardakan County

Ardakan County (Persian: شهرستان اردکان) is in Yazd province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Ardakan.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the county's population was 66,900 in 18,140 households. The following census in 2011 counted 77,758 people in 21,186 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the county as 97,960 in 28,216 households.

### Administrative divisions

Ardakan County's population history and administrative structure over three consecutive censuses are shown in the following table.
Ardakan County Population :
| Administrative Divisions | 2006 | 2011 | 2016 |
| Central District | 59,127 | 65,406 | 86,578 |
| Mohammadiyeh RD | 3,085 | 3,611 | 5,261 |
| Ahmadabad (city) | 4,693 | 5,019 | 6,046 |
| Ardakan (city) | 51,349 | 56,776 | 75,271 |
| Aqda District | 4,578 | 7,159 | 6,716 |
| Aqda RD | 1,469 | 3,798 | 3,221 |
| Narestan RD | 1,526 | 1,552 | 1,741 |
| Aqda (city) | 1,583 | 1,809 | 1,754 |
| Kharanaq District | 3,195 | 5,193 | 4,666 |
| Robatat RD | 2,329 | 4,431 | 4,113 |
| Zarrin RD | 866 | 762 | 553 |
| Total | 66,900 | 77,758 | 97,960 |
| RD = Rural District ||||

## Notable people

Mohammad Khatami (Former president of Iran) was born in Ardakan.
# Ertingen

Ertingen (German pronunciation:) is a municipality in the district of Biberach in Upper Swabia, South Württemberg, Germany. Since the reform of 1975 it comprises Ertingen and the smaller communities, Erisdorf and Binzwangen, which had been independent before. Each of the three communities can look back to a long history.
Having been largely agricultural in the past, the three communities have developed into places with a mixed population, consisting largely of industrial workers.
Owing to her companies whose performance is far above average, Ertingen has acquired the function of a centre of commerce and industry for the region.
In the course of time a large number of jobs in non-agricultural fields have been created. But there is still demand for jobs in trade and industry.
Ertingen will probably be rated as a so-called "subcentre" in the future regional planning.
Ertingen offers public services, like primary and secondary schools, a swimming pool, a nursing home with 48 beds, kindergartens, and an adult education centre.
The "Schwarzachtalseen" (Lakes in the Valley of the Black River) offer recreational facilities, especially for surfing, swimming and fishing. There are two seas for recreation and sports, and two "natural" seas for the preservation of nature.
The large forest areas of the community (6,6 km²) offer recreation, too. The "blind lake" is a favourite target for hikers.
More than 40 clubs show the high social involvement of the citizens, also visible from the numerous festivities.
One of the highlights of Ertingen folklore is the "fastnet", the special form of carnival of Suebia, with its traditional processions, costumes and ceremonies. As Carnival traditions may vary considerably from village to village. The Ertingen tradition is marked by the so-called "Daiberhexen" (witches), the "gloggasaeger" (literally "bell-sawers"), and the "Röthenbächler" (named after a stream in Erisdorf which once powered a watermill. These carnival associations are famous for their colourful costumes and masks in all Upper Suebia.

## Sources

* Official Web site
* Narrengesellschaft (in German)
# Blake Edwards (water polo)

Blake Edwards (born 14 February 1992) is an Australian water polo player.
Edwards was picked in the water polo Sharks squad to compete in the men's water polo tournament at the 2020 Summer Olympics. The team finished joint fourth on points in their pool but their inferior goal average meant they finished fifth overall and out of medal contention. They were able to upset Croatia in a group stage match 11–8.
Edwards completed a Bachelor of Commerce at Deakin University.
# Aynur Rzayeva

Aynur Rzayeva is an Azerbaijani boxer and a member of the Azerbaijani national boxing team.

## Biography

Aynur Rzayeva was born on September 13, 1989, in Baku.
At the 2016 European Women's Boxing Championships in Sofia, she won a bronze medal in the over 81 kg category.
In 2022, Rzayeva took part in the European Boxing Championship held in Montenegro. She reached the final, where she lost to her opponent from Ukraine, ultimately taking the silver medal.
In March 2023, she became the bronze medalist at the Women's World Championship in New Delhi in the weight category over 81 kg, where she lost in the semifinals on points (0:5) to the representative of Kazakhstan, Lyazzat Kungebayeva. Thanks to this bronze, Rzayeva entered the history of Azerbaijani boxing as the first domestic athlete to win a medal at the World Championship.
# Kang Chin-ŭi

Kang Chin-ŭi, posthumously honoured as Queen Jeonghwa of the Sinchon Kang clan (Korean: 정화왕후 강씨; Hanja: 貞和王后 康氏), was the second daughter of Gang Bo-yuk who would become the great-grandmother of Wang Kŏn, founder of the Goryeo dynasty. As a figure from the Later Silla period, she is the first one from among the ancestors of King Taejo to be accurately reported by the remaining records.

## Biography

Gang Chung was a son of Gang Ho-gyeong, the founder of the Sinchon Kang clan. He had three children named as Ijegŏn, Po-sŭng and Po-yuk. Kang Po-yuk married with his niece Kang Tŏk-chu, the daughter of his brother Ijegŏn, and their daughter Kang Chin-ŭi was born. Kang Chin-ŭi slept with a Chinese nobleman and birthed Chakchegŏn. The Chinese nobleman father of her son was from the ruling House of Li of the Tang dynasty, China. According to P'yŏnnyŏnt'ongnok [ko] and Koryŏsa chŏryo [ko], he was Emperor Suzong of Tang. In Pyeonnyeongangmog (변년강목; 編年綱目), it stated that Emperor Xuānzong of Tang was the father of Chakchegŏn. While on his way to find his father in China, Chakchegŏn met Queen Wonchang and married her and decided to return to Korea instead. According to Record of Seongwon (성원녹; 聖源録), Queen Wonchang was a daughter of Tu Ŭn-chŏm from Pyongju. Queen Wonchang gave birth to 4 sons; one of them whose name was Wang Ryung. His son eventually became the founder of Goryeo, Taejo of Goryeo.
According to Goryeosa, her elder sister climbed the top of Mount Ogwan (오관산; 五冠山) in a dream. In the dream, she urinated and flooded the whole world and she talked about this dream to her younger sister, Chin-ŭi. Chin-ŭi thought this dream implied good luck and she bought her sister's dream with her silk woven Chima jeogori. After that she would meet the Tang dynasty prince in Silla and give birth to Chakchegŏn.

## Family

* Father: Kang Po-yuk
** Grandfather: Gang Chung; son of Gang Ho-gyeong, founder of the Sinchon Kang clan.
** Grandmother: Lady Ku (구씨)
* Mother: Lady Kang Tŏk-chu (강덕주; 康德州); niece of her husband.
** Grandfather: Kang Ijegŏn (강이제건; 康伊帝建)
* Husband
** Son: Chakchegŏn
*** Daughter-in-law: Yong-nyeo (용녀; 龍女) / Jeo Min-ui (저민의, 渚旻義/焉旻義), Queen Wonchang (원창왕후)
# Henry Troemner

Henry Troemner (1809–1873) was a German-American entrepreneur. He started the Henry Troemner Company, known today as Troemner Inc. The company produced balances and scales.
Troemner immigrated to the United States in 1832 and settled initially in New York City, then, by 1843, Philadelphia. He began making scales and weights in a partnership in 1840, and then established his own company in 1844. He was commissioned by the United States Mint in Philadelphia to make their balances, which he did so well that he was invited to make the bullion balances for the Department of Treasury. He later made scales for the Mexican Mint, Assay Office in New York, and the San Francisco Mint.
According to Ernest Child, Troemner was probably the first American manufacturer to follow the French mathematician Gilles Personne de Roberval's balance design. This is distinguished by the load being superimposed on the beam, rather than suspended from the beam, and allowed faster weighings.
After his death in 1873 his wife Catherine inherited the business, which was kept in the family until incorporating in 1955.
# Gabrijel Radić

Gabrijel Radić is a Serbian volleyball player, currently playing for NIS Vojvodina Novi Sad.

## Previous teams

2000–2004 year, NIS Vojvodina Novi Sad–Novi Sad (SRB)
2004–2005 year, EAP PATRA Volleyball Club- GREECE
2005–2006 year, V.C "SPOLETO"–A2 ( ITA )
2006–2007 year, VC Iskra Odintsovo–(RUSSIA)
2007–2008 year, Aris Volleyball Club–Thessaloniki (GRE)
2008–2009 year, V.C "Milonas" - (GRE)
2009–2010 year, NIS Vojvodina Novi Sad (SRB)
2010–2011 year, Lamia Volleyball Club- GRE
2011–2012 year, Cambrai Volleyball Club- FRANCE
2012–2013 year, Martigues VC- FRANCE

## Titles

Best middle blocker of Greek Championship for season 2007–08

## National team

25 matches in Junior National Team of Serbia
30 matches in Senior National Team of Serbia
# Polish Uruguayans

A Polish Uruguayan is a Uruguayan citizen of full or partial Polish ancestry.
The Polish arrived in Uruguay at the end of the 19th century. The most recent figure is from the 2011 Uruguayan census, which revealed 497 people who declared Poland as their country of birth. Other sources claim around 5,000 Poles in Uruguay. Similar to neighboring country Argentina, often, Poles came when the Germans and the Russians ruled Poland and so were known as "Germans" or "Russians".
Most Polish Uruguayans belong to the Roman Catholic Church; they have their own chapel in the Atahualpa neighbourhood. There is also a significant Polish Jewish minority.
Polish Uruguayans have two important institutions: the Polish Society Marshal Joseph Pilsudsky (Spanish: Sociedad Polonesa Mariscal José Pilsudski), established in 1915, and the Uruguayan Polish Union (Spanish: Unión Polono Uruguaya), established in 1935, both associated with USOPAL.

## Notable Polish Uruguayans
### Arts

* José Serebrier (born 1938), conductor and composer
* Daniel Hendler (born 1976), film, television, and theatre actor
* Jan Łukasiewicz (1844-1906), architect

### Business

* Jan Kobylański (1923-2019), businessman
* Ida Holz (born 1935), engineer, computer scientist, professor, and researcher
* Chil Rajchman (1914-2004), Holocaust survivor and entrepreneur
* Pedro Steinbruch, entrepreneur

### Sports

* Eduardo Dluzniewski (born 1952), football referee
* Daniel Fedorczuk (born 1976), football referee
* Ariel Krasouski (born 1958), footballer
* Francisco Majewski (1939–2012), footballer
* Juan Carlos Masnik (born 1943), footballer
* Ladislao Mazurkiewicz (1945–2013), footballer
* Hernán Petryk (born 1994), footballer
* Gustavo Szczygielski (born 1967), basketball player
* Marcelo Tulbovitz (born 1961), football trainer
* Matías Vitkieviez (born 1985), footballer

### Other Professions

* The sisters Paulina, Luisa, Inés, and Clotilde Luisi, prominent feminists, all daughters of Josefina Janicki (of Polish descent)
* Freddy Nieuchowicz (born 1968), radio host and entertainer known by his stage name Orlando Petinatti
* Wacław Radecki (1887-1953), psychological professor
* Camila Rajchman (born 1994), singer and television personality
* Lucía Topolansky (born 1944), politician and First Lady (2010-2015)
# Lachlan Edwards (water polo)

Lachlan Edwards (born 6 February 1995) is an Australian water polo player.
Edwards was picked in the water polo Sharks squad to compete in the men's water polo tournament at the 2020 Summer Olympics. The team finished joint fourth on points in their pool but their inferior goal average meant they finished fifth overall and out of medal contention. They were able to upset Croatia in a group stage match 11–8.
# Orkdal

Orkdal may refer to:

## Places

* Orkdal Municipality, a former municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway
* Orkdal or Orkdalen, a valley and traditional district in Trøndelag county, Norway
* Orkdal Fjord, a fjord in Trøndelag county, Norway
* Orkdal Church, a church in Orkland Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway

## Other

* Orkdal IL, a sports club based in Orkland Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway
* Battle of Orkdal, a battle in medieval Norway
* Orkdal prosti, a Church of Norway deanery in Trøndelag county, Norway
* Orkdal District Court, a former district court in the old Sør-Trøndelag county, Norway
# Radostín nad Oslavou

Radostín nad Oslavou is a market town in Žďár nad Sázavou District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 900 inhabitants.

## Administrative division

Radostín nad Oslavou consists of two municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
* Radostín nad Oslavou (886)
* Zahradiště (28)

## Geography

Radostín nad Oslavou is located about 11 kilometres (7 mi) south of Žďár nad Sázavou and 28 km (17 mi) east of Jihlava. It lies in the Křižanov Highlands. The highest point is at 618 m (2,028 ft) above sea level. The market town is situated on the right bank of the Oslava River.

## History

The first written mention of Radostín nad Oslavou is from 1365, when it was already a market town. The village of Zahraditě was first mentioned in 1351. Among the most notable owners of Radostín were the Pernštejn family and House of Liechtenstein.

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1869 | 828 | — |
| 1880 | 761 | −8.1% |
| 1890 | 736 | −3.3% |
| 1900 | 719 | −2.3% |
| 1910 | 713 | −0.8% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1921 | 689 | −3.4% |
| 1930 | 633 | −8.1% |
| 1950 | 650 | +2.7% |
| 1961 | 735 | +13.1% |
| 1970 | 773 | +5.2% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1980 | 820 | +6.1% |
| 1991 | 773 | −5.7% |
| 2001 | 862 | +11.5% |
| 2011 | 907 | +5.2% |
| 2021 | 914 | +0.8% |
Source: Censuses :

## Transport

There are no railways or major roads passing through the municipality.

## Sights

The main landmark is the Church of Saint Bartholomew. It was built in the late Baroque style in the second half of the 18th century, but it has a Gothic core.
# Ante Katalinić

Ante Katalinić (Italian: Antonio Cattalinich; 11 February 1895 – 31 October 1981) was a Croatian rower who competed for Italy in the 1924 Summer Olympics.
In 1924, he won the bronze medal as crew member of the Italian boat in the eights competition with two brothers: Frane and Šimun, and Latino Galasso, Vittorio Gliubich, Giuseppe Crivelli, Petar Ivanov, Bruno Sorić, Carlo Toniatti.
# Harda twin train derailment

On 4 August 2015, two passenger trains – Kamayani Express and Janata Express – derailed near Kurawan and Bhringi railway station, 20 kilometres (12 mi) southwest of Harda, Madhya Pradesh. At least 31 people were killed and 100 people were injured.

## Accident

The Kamayani Express, which was headed to Varanasi on the down line, derailed as flash floods (caused by Cyclonic Storm Komen) dislodged a culvert near the Machak river, causing track misalignment. The derailment resulted in some coaches becoming submerged in the river and some coaches blocking the up line. The Janata Express derailed near the same spot soon after. At least 31 people died and 100 people were injured. Several people were reported to be washed away by the river. Six coaches of the Kamayani Express and the engine plus the four coaches of the Janata Express derailed.
A train had safely crossed the bridge ten minutes before the first derailment. The river level was abnormally high, and flash floods gradually washed away the trackbed, resulting in sinking of the track. The driver of the Janata Express applied the brakes but could not stop the train from derailing.

## Rescue

Rescuers searched through the night for survivors and bodies. Over 300 people were rescued. The adverse weather conditions delayed the arrival of the rescue teams. Local residents were reported to have helped initially. By the morning of 5 August, the derailed trains had been removed and the bodies of the victims recovered. Over 25 trains traveling from Mumbai, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, and Madhya Pradesh were stopped or diverted, mainly into neighboring Rajasthan.

## Investigation

The Commissioner for Railway Safety in the Central Railway zone opened an inquiry into the accident.
# Saint-Sauveur-de-Flée

Saint-Sauveur-de-Flée (French pronunciation: ) is a former commune in the Maine-et-Loire department in western France. On 15 December 2016, it was merged into the new commune Segré-en-Anjou Bleu. Its population was 313 in 2022.
# The Sideboard Song

"The Sideboard Song" is a song by Chas & Dave from their album Don't Give a Monkey's, which was released as a single on 26 August 1979 and entered the UK Singles Chart at No. 66. The song stayed in the charts for three weeks and peaked at number No. 55 on 15 September 1979.

## Background

The song was written in the summer of 1978 in a cottage Chas & Dave rented in Ashington, West Sussex, where they also wrote a few other songs, including "Rabbit". According to Hodges, Peacock had first written the line "Skinny little belly now it's sticking out the front". After trying to find lines to rhyme with "front" but rejected those attempts as unusable, Hodges added "I don't care, I don't care, got my beer in the sideboard here", after which they quickly wrote the whole song and recorded a demo that night.
# John O'Brien (water polo)

John O'Brien (8 October 1931 – 13 May 2020) was an Australian water polo player. He competed at the 1956 Summer Olympics and the 1960 Summer Olympics. In 2010, he was inducted into the Water Polo Australia Hall of Fame. He coached the Richmond Water Polo Club for almost 20 years.