OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kristine Nitzsche

Kristine Nitzsche (born 1 June 1959 in Leipzig) is a retired East German athlete who competed in the pentathlon and high jump.

## Biography

She won both events at the 1977 European Junior Championships. At the 1978 European Championships she won the bronze medal in the pentathlon and finished eleventh in the high jump. She represented the sports team SC Cottbus and won the silver medal at the 1979 East German championships. Her personal best jump was 1.95 metres, achieved in July 1979 in Schielleiten. She won the Hochsprung mit Musik in 1979 with a then meet record of 1.86 m.
# Brak al-Shati Airbase raid

On 18 May 2017, an attack was launched by militiamen of the town of Misrata and Benghazi Defense Brigades against the Brak al-Shati Airbase controlled by LNA forces. LNA sources claimed 141 people, including 103 soldiers and numerous civilians were killed as a result of the raid. The base was completely overrun and partially destroyed along with numerous aircraft at the base. Accusations of executions of surrendering forces led to international condemnation of GNA forces.
Shortly after, the LNA launched airstrikes on militant sites near the area in retaliation.

## Background

The GNA and LNA forces in Libya had reached an informal truce after meetings between GNA Prime Minister Fayez al-Sarraj and LNA Commander Khalifa Haftar. The attack came as a surprise to soldiers, who LNA claimed were participating in a military parade in the area before the attack.

## Response

Ahmad al-Mismari, an LNA spokesman in Benghazi claimed 141 deaths in the attack, including execution of civilians and surrendering airbase forces.
GNA Minister of Defense Al-Mahdi Al-Barghathi was suspended by Prime Minister al-Sarraj following allegations of his involvement in the attack. Barghathi denied involvement, stating that the ministry had never ordered the attack.
On 20 May, after gathering of tribal elders in city of Sebha, southern tribes gave Misrata 13th battalion (former 3rd Force) 72 hours to vacate their main base at Sabha Air Base, threatening to destroy militia forces inside otherwise. Tribal elders declared all agreements with Misrata forces void and held them fully responsible for the killings at Brak al-Shati.
In the days following the attack, Libyan National Army heavily bombarded Benghazi Defense Brigades bases in Jufra District and at Al Jufra Air Base where both 13th Misrata battalion and Benghazi Defense Brigades relocated to continue in the "Martyrs of Brak al-Shati operation". This ended the previous ceasefire, restarting the violence.
Presidency Council Vice-President Fathi Al-Mijabri described the attack as a war crime and declared Benghazi Defense Brigades as terrorists, calling it an act of sabotage aimed at ending attempts of national reconciliation between authorities in East and West that in previous weeks saw multiple meetings between both parties.

## International response

Human Rights Watch accused the 13th Battalion, officially falling under the authority of Government of National Accord, and Benghazi Defense Brigades militia of summary executions of both civilians and soldiers. 75 bodies that were received by local hospitals showed sign of execution by shot in the head, including two 15 year old boys. Attackers were shouting slogans of "You apostates, you enemies of God" as they were executing captured soldiers according to one survivor who has been interviewed by HRW.
Arab League decried the events as a "barbaric massacre". Egyptian ministry of foreign affairs declared the event as a terrorist attack. Envoys from China, France, Russia, United Kingdom and United States of America issued a joint statement in which they described summary executions of both military personnel and civilians.
# Veselíčko (Přerov District)

Veselíčko is a municipality and village in Přerov District in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 900 inhabitants.
Veselíčko lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) north-east of Přerov, 20 km (12 mi) east of Olomouc, and 230 km (140 mi) east of Prague.

## Administrative division

Veselíčko consists of two municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
* Veselíčko (712)
* Tupec (148)

## History

The first written mention of Veselíčko is from 1275.
# 2017 Dogofry ambush

On May 2, 2017, Malian forces were ambushed by Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin fighters near Dogofry, Mali.

## Background

Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin (JNIM) was formed in early 2017 as a coalition of five jihadist groups that rebelled against the Malian government in 2012. The attack in Dogofry was the first notable attack of JNIM in western Mali, following earlier attacks in Boulikessi and Gourma-Rharous in the east.

## Ambush

The ambush began around 1pm against a Malian convoy travelling between Nampala and Dogofry, Mali. Malian soldiers from the Balazan combined arms group, based in Nara, hit a mine placed by the jihadists on the road, at which point the jihadists opened fire on the convoy. Following the ambush, the jihadists retreated towards the Wagadou forest. The attack was not initially claimed, but suspected to have been perpetrated by JNIM.

## Aftermath

AFP initially announced the deaths of eight Malian soldiers and four wounded. On the evening of May 2, Abdel Karim Konate, the Malian Minister of Commerce and a government spokesman, announced that nine soldiers were killed and five were injured. One vehicle was destroyed and another was captured. JNIM claimed responsibility for the attack on May 3, and claimed the deaths and injuries of at least twenty Malian soldiers, while suffering no losses themselves.
# Stefan Schicker

Stefan Schicker is a former Saxon cross-country skier who competed in the early 1980s. He earned a bronze medal in the 4 × 10 km relay at the 1982 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Oslo (Tied with Finland). He started for the SG Dynamo Klingenthal / Sportvereinigung (SV) Dynamo.
# Benjamin Seifert

Benjamin Seifert (born 9 January 1982) is a Germany cross-country skier who has competed since 2000. His best World Cup finish was third in a 4 × 10 km relay event in France in 2006 while Seifert's best individual finish was 12th in a 15 km event in Finland the following year.

## Cross-country skiing results

All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).

### World Cup
#### Season standings

| Season | Age | Discipline standings | Discipline standings | Discipline standings | Ski Tour standings | Ski Tour standings |
| Season | Age | Overall | Distance | Sprint | Tour de Ski | World Cup Final |
| 2003 | 21 | 143 | — | NC | — | — |
| 2005 | 23 | 159 | 101 | NC | — | — |
| 2006 | 24 | 106 | 72 | NC | — | — |
| 2007 | 25 | 76 | 44 | NC | 37 | — |
| 2008 | 26 | 138 | 79 | NC | 49 | — |
| 2009 | 27 | 143 | 87 | — | — | — |
| 2010 | 28 | NC | NC | NC | DNF | — |

#### Team podiums

* 1 podium – (1 RL)
| No. | Season | Date | Location | Race | Level | Place | Teammates |
| 1 | 2006–07 | 17 December 2006 | La Clusaz, France | 4 × 10 km Relay C/F | World Cup | 3rd | Teichmann / Sommerfeldt / Angerer |
# Anna Unger

Anna Unger (born 2 May 1944) is a former East German cross-country skier who competed in the late 1960s and early 1970s. She earned a silver medal in the 3 × 5 km relay at the 1970 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Vysoké Tatry.

## Cross-country skiing results
### Olympic Games

| Year | Age | 5 km | 10 km | 3 × 5 km  relay |
| 1968 | 23 | 16 | 22 | — |
| 1972 | 27 | 28 | 20 | 5 |

### World Championships

* 1 medal – (1 silver)
| Year | Age | 5 km | 10 km | 3 × 5 km  relay |
| 1966 | 21 | — | — | 4 |
| 1970 | 25 | — | — | Silver |
# Alberto de Noronha

Alberto de Noronha (3 October 1920 – 19 October 2006) was a Goan writer and translator.
Noronha's career was as a school teacher, then as a government official; he retired as a Deputy Director of the Department of Statistics in Goa.
He translated a collection of short stories written in Marathi, Konkani and English under the title Onde o Moruoni Canta: Contos Goeses (Panjim, Goa: Third Millennium, 2003). It includes stories by Damodar Mauzo, Olivinho Gomes, Uday Bhembré, Laxmanrao Sardessai, Armando Menezes and Victor Rangel-Ribeiro, amongst others.
He wrote The Third Culture: Some Aspects of the Indo-Portuguese Cultural Encounter (Panjim: Third Millennium, 2006).
# List of Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel in 2022

The following is a list of Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel in 2022.

## August

* August 5-7, 2022: 1175 rockets were fired at Israel, with around 200 rockets falling in the Gaza Strip or in the Sea. On at least three incidents Palestinian civilians were killed by misfired rockets that landed in the Gaza Strip, amounting to 11 people killed.

## November

* November 3, 2022: 4 rockets fired from the Gaza Strip at Israel. 3 rockets fell inside the Gaza Strip.
* November 7, 2022: Test-fire rockets launched towards the sea.
# Kawabata Ryūshi

Kawabata Ryūshi (川端 龍子, June 6, 1885 – April 10, 1966) was the pseudonym of a Japanese painter in the Nihonga style, active during the Taishō and Shōwa eras. His real name was Kawabata Shotarō.

## Biography

He was born in Wakayama city in Wakayama Prefecture. He moved to Tokyo in 1895. Initially interested in literature, he studied under the poet Kawabata Hoja, who introduced him to the Hototogisu artistic circle. He then became interested in painting instead, and studied yōga painting techniques as an apprentice in the studios of the Hakubakai. When he was 18, he entered a Yomiuri Shimbun illustration contest, from which his work was selected. He continued working on newspaper illustrations to earn a living as he studied oil painting. In 1913, he traveled to the United States to study western-style painting techniques in more depth, but was so impressed with the Japanese art that he saw during a visit to the Boston Museum of Fine Arts that he switched to the Nihonga genre on his return to Japan in 1914, displaying at the Inten Exhibition in 1915. He left Inten in 1928 in protest of its increasing rigid rules, and established his own Nihonga art circle, the Seiryūsha in 1928. The Seiryūsha held an exhibition on competition to the Inten twice a year from 1929 to 1965 in Tokyo. In addition, Ryūshi usually held a personal exhibition in Osaka once per year.
Ryūshi was a major advocate of Art for the Exhibition Place (会場芸術, kaijō geijutsu), which emphasized the public nature of art. His works therefore tended to be on a huge scale, and were intended for public display in large areas.
After World War II, together with Yokoyama Taikan and Kawai Gyokudō, he came to be regarded as one of the "Three Big Figures" in the field of Nihonga painting.
In 1950, after the death of his wife and son, he went on a pilgrimage of the 88 holy places in Shikoku, taking a total of six years to make the circuit, and sketching extensively along the way. In 1959, he was awarded the Order of Culture by the Japanese government.
In 1963, shortly before his death, his house in Ōta, Tokyo was transformed into the Ōta Municipal Ryushi Memorial Hall. It was donated to the city of Ōta by his heirs in 1990, and contains most of his larger works.

## Philately

One of Ryūshi's works was selected as the subject of a commemorative postage stamp by the Japanese government:
* 1979: Aizen ("Passion"), commemorating the 61st Inter-Parliamentary Conference

## Gallery

* Naruto, 1929 (6 part screen on left)
* Naruto, 1929 (6 part screen on right)
* Blazing Grass, 1930 (a pair of six-piece screens)
* Wild Grapes, 1933
# Old man's beard in New Zealand

Old man's beard (Clematis vitalba) is an invasive plant in New Zealand that affects indigenous biodiversity. It is declared an unwanted organism under the Biosecurity Act 1993 which means it cannot be sold, distributed or propagated.

## Spread

Old man's beard was introduced into New Zealand as an ornamental plant some time before 1922 and the Department of Conservation and other government organisations now spend millions of dollars on its control. The seeds are wind-borne on a fluffy boll and can remain on the vine over the winter months. The seeds are most likely to germinate on disturbed ground where the light level is more than 5% of full sunlight. It is more common outside undisturbed forests on forest and stream margins and forest gaps.

## Impact

Old man's beard is a climber that will smother established trees and forms a dense canopy that stops sunlight reaching the soil surface. This affects the health of the existing vegetation and prevents the germination of all other species.

## Control

Various methods are used to control the plant including mechanical removal, herbicides and biological control. Large vines can be cut at ground level and a herbicide gel applied to prevent sprouting. Trailing vines must be removed since they can re-sprout, and small plants can be uprooted. Biological control agents have been trialled.
A public service campaign highlighting the threat of old man's beard was carried out by the Department of Conservation in the 1980s using the British naturalist David Bellamy as the spokesperson.
# Peter Sack

Peter Sack (born 27 July 1979 in Schkeuditz, Bezirk Leipzig) is a German shot putter.
He finished fourth at the 1998 World Junior Championships and won the bronze medal at the 1999 European Junior Championships behind Ralf Bartels and Mikuláš Konopka. He also competed at the 2004 Olympic Games and the 2006 World Indoor Championships without reaching the finals. At the 2007 World Championships his three throws in the qualification round were all invalid, causing him to miss the final again. At the 2008 World Indoor Championships he finished eighth. He then competed at his second Olympic Games, but did not reach the final.
His personal best throw is 21.19 metres, achieved in May 2008 in Versmold.
# Hebei Military District

The Hebei Military District (Chinese: 中国人民解放军河北省军区; full name People's Liberation Army Hebei Military District or PLA Hebei Military District) is a military district of the National Defense Mobilization Department of the Central Military Commission in China.

## History

Hebei Military District was established in 1949.

## Leaders
### Commanders

| Name (English) | Name (Chinese) | Tenure begins | Tenure ends |
| Sun Yi [zh] | 孙毅 | July 1949 | October 1950 |
| Wang Guanghua | 王光华 | October 1950 | May 1952 |
| Peng Mingzhi | 彭明治 | May 1952 | September 1957 |
| Wang Daobang | 王道邦 | September 1957 | November 1959 |
| Xiao Siming [zh] | 萧思明 | May 1960 | May 1964 |
| Ma Hui [zh] | 马辉 | May 1964 | March 1983 |
| Zhang Zhenchuan [zh] | 张振川 | March 1983 | July 1985 |
| Dong Xuelin [zh] | 董学林 | July 1985 | June 1990 |
| Han Shiqian | 韩世谦 | June 1990 | January 1995 |
| Hua Binglai [zh] | 滑兵来 | January 1995 | August 1998 |
| Chen Yutian [zh] | 陈玉田 | August 1998 | November 2004 |
| Zhong Zhiming [zh] | 钟志明 | November 2004 | January 2006 |
| Duan Duanwu [zh] | 段端武 | January 2006 | October 2007 |
| Mian Fucheng [zh] | 芇福成 | October 2007 | May 2011 |
| Shi Luze [zh] | 史鲁泽 | May 2011 | December 2014 |
| Shao Heng [zh] | 邵亨 | February 2015 | April 2017 |
| Wang Shun [zh] | 王舜 | April 2017 | April 2019 |
| Wang Jiping [zh] | 王继平 | April 2019 | April 2023 |
| Feng Fuhai [zh] | 冯福海 | May 2023 | |

### Political commissars

| Name (English) | Name (Chinese) | Tenure begins | Tenure ends |
| Lin Tie | 林铁 | July 1949 | August 1966 |
| Liu Zihou | 刘子厚 | November 1966 | May 1967 |
| Li Xuefeng | 李雪峰 | February 1968 | December 1970 |
| Liu Zihou | 刘子厚 | February 1971 | May 1980 |
| Jin Ming | 金明 | January 1980 | June 1982 |
| Gao Yang | 高扬 | June 1982 | May 1985 |
| Zhang Chao [zh] | 张超 | July 1985 | December 1989 |
| Ren Peiyu [zh] | 任佩瑜 | June 1990 | April 1994 |
| Wang Chaohai [zh] | 汪潮海 | April 1994 | December 2000 |
| Ji Yaocheng [zh] | 纪耀成 | December 2000 | January 2003 |
| Zhang Lianren [zh] | 张连仁 | January 2003 | December 2006 |
| Zhang Yanxin [zh] | 张彦欣 | December 2006 | March 2012 |
| Li Guangju [zh] | 李光聚 | March 2012 | July 2015 |
| Guo Xiaodong [zh] | 郭晓东 | July 2015 | September 2015 |
| Shang Zhengui [zh] | 尚振贵 | September 2015 | August 2016 |
| Han Xiaodong [zh] | 韩晓东 | August 2017 | May 2018 |
| Li Ning [zh] | 李宁 | May 2018 | 2022 |
| Fu Xiaodong [zh] | 傅晓东 | 2022 | |
# Barak–Brahmaputra Express

The 15641 / 15642 Barak Brahmaputra Express is a weekly Express train, which runs between the Silchar and New Tinsukia stations in Assam, India. It comes under the Northeast Frontier Railway zone. This train is named after Indian rivers Brahmaputra and Barak, both of which are two main rivers of Assam and also they are important for connectivity in Barak & Brahmaputra Valley.

## Overview

This train was inaugurated on 8 April 2018. It was flagged off by Sarbananda Sonowal (former Chief Minister of Assam) and Rajen Gohain (former Minister of state of Railways), from Dibrugarh with an weekly frequency train service and it was run as Silchar–Dibrugarh Express. After 2 months in June 2018 this train name was given as Barak Brahmaputra Express.

## Routes

This train passes through every Major station including Badarpur Junction, New Haflong, Lumding Junction, Dimapur & Mariani Junction on both sides. Sometime for passes train has to stop at some small halt too, which sometime increase the journey time.

## Traction

As the route is partially electrified, a Siliguri Loco Shed based WDP-4 / WDP-4B / WDP-4D diesel locomotives pulls the train in both directions.

## Rake sharing

The train shares its rake with 12507 Aronai Express and 12515/16 Coimbatore–Silchar Express.
# Tall-stem thermometers

The tall-stem thermometers are a kind of thermometer, resting on branched feet.
The stems carry enamel buttons indicating the degrees of one of the thermometric scales used by the Accademia del Cimento in Florence. The black buttons indicate single degrees, the white buttons ten degrees, and the blue buttons one hundred degrees. The thermometric liquid is acquarzente.
# Yajin

Yajin (simplified Chinese: 压襟; traditional Chinese: 壓襟; pinyin: Yājīn), also known as shijian er (Chinese: 事件儿; pinyin: Shìjiàn er), is a type of Chinese accessory which is placed at the lapels of Chinese clothing (robes and jackets); they would typically hanged down on the right side (sometimes at the front depending on the clothing closure) of the chest area in order to press on the clothing. The yajin appeared as early as the Tang dynasty and became popular in the Ming and Qing dynasties. There are various styles of yajin, including a dangling pendant-style (which is similar to jinbu or tassels in style) and a bracelet-style, known as shibazi (Chinese: 十八子; pinyin: Shíbāzi; lit. 'Eighteen sons'). Yajin can also be used as accessories on the cheongsam, where it is tied on the pankou knots.

## Construction and design
### Pendant-style yajin

The pendant-style yajin may consist of string of beads, metal chains, and pendants (including precious stones, yupei-like materials, or metal filigree) which comes in various shapes such as flowers, animals, and auspicious motifs/ themes/ Chinese characters. It may also include tassels. In the late Qing, people sometimes used old silver coins to make their yajin.
In Qing dynasty, Han Chinese women also wore pendant-like charms made of diverse materials (such as jade, amber, gold) at the top button on the side of their ao jackets. They also wore other forms of pendants, such as pendants made of metal filigree in the shape of potpourri container which would be filled with fragrant herbs and long silver pendants with small silver charms which were filled with bells which would frightened evil spirits away when they tickled as they wore. They would also hang purses on the top button of their jacket.
* Empress Xiaoquancheng

### Shibazi-style yajin

A shibazi is a type of 18-beads bracelet which originated from the japamala and could also be used as a form of yajin. Shibazi sometimes have hanging buckles; they would be hung on the right lapels of the clothing or could be worn around the wrist like a regular bracelet. There were no strict regulations on its wearing etiquette.
* Fragrant Concubine (after Giuseppe Castiglione)
* Guangxu Emperor in informal robes
* First Class Female Attendant Xin
* Empress Dowager Cixi by Hubert Vos
* Empress Dowager Cixi by Katharine Carl
* A Cantonese lady wearing shibazi-style yajin on her ao jacket, 1861–1864

## Depictions and media

Yajin are sometimes depicted in Chinese television drama, especially Qing dynasty Court drama:
* Nothing Gold Can Stay (2017)
* Ruyi's Royal Love in the Palace (2018)
* Story of Yanxi Palace (2018)

## Similar items

* Jinbu - A Chinese waist accessory used to press clothing down; it is an ensemble of yupei (jade pendants)
* Norigae - a Korean clothing accessory
# Prääma

Prääma (German: Bremerfeld) is a village in Paide municipality, Järva County in northern-central Estonia. It is located just north of Paide. As of 2007, it had a population of 32 people. Prior to the 2017 administrative reform of local governments, it was located in Paide Parish.
# Ningxia Military District

The Ningxia Military District (Chinese: 中国人民解放军宁夏军区; full name People's Liberation Army Ningxia Military District or PLA Ningxia Military District) is a military district of the National Defense Mobilization Department of the Central Military Commission in China.

## History

Ningxia Military District was established in November 1949.

## Leaders
### Commanders

| Name (English) | Name (Chinese) | Tenure begins | Tenure ends |
| Yang Dezhi | 杨得志 | November 1949 | January 1950 |
| Wang Daobang | 王道邦 | February 1950 | August 1952 |
| Ma Dunjing (1906–1972) | 马惇靖 | August 1952 | June 1954 |
| Che Huadong [zh] | 牛化东 | July 1956 | January 1958 |
| Zhu Shengda [zh] | 朱声达 | February 1958 | September 1968 |
| Zhang Guijin [zh] | 张桂金 | September 1968 | June 1970 |
| Jiang Yu'an [zh] | 姜玉安 | June 1970 | June 1972 |
| Gao Rui [zh] | 高锐 | June 1972 | September 1975 |
| Huang Jingyao [zh] | 黄经耀 | January 1977 | May 1981 |
| Chen Ruyi [zh] | 陈如意 | May 1981 | May 1983 |
| Liu Xueji [zh] | 刘学基 | May 1983 | June 1990 |
| Hu Shihao [zh] | 胡世浩 | June 1990 | June 1993 |
| Li Lianghui | 李良辉 | July 1993 | March 1997 |
| Lu Puyang [zh] | 卢普阳 | March 1997 | January 2002 |
| Chang Guixiang [zh] | 常贵祥 | January 2002 | May 2005 |
| Chen Erxi [zh] | 陈二曦 | May 2005 | September 2010 |
| Tian Minzhou [zh] | 田民洲 | September 2010 | May 2011 |
| Chang Yeting [zh] | 昌业廷 | May 2011 | July 2016 |
| Zheng Weibo [zh] | 郑威波 | 2017 | December 2020 |
| Zhao Jianhong [zh] | 赵建宏 | December 2020 | April 2024 |
| Che Yongzhe [zh] | 车永哲 | April 2024 | |

### Political commissars

| Name (English) | Name (Chinese) | Tenure begins | Tenure ends |
| Pan Zili | 潘自力 | November 1949 | October 1951 |
| Zhu Min [zh] | 朱敏 | September 1952 | May 1953 |
| Huang Luobin [zh] | 黄罗斌 | May 1953 | August 1954 |
| Liang Dajun [zh] | 梁大钧 | July 1956 | January 1958 |
| Liu Deyuan [zh] | 刘德元 | August 1956 | January 1958 |
| Wang Feng [zh] | 汪锋 | October 1958 | May 1961 |
| Liu Geping | 刘格平 | March 1959 | January 1961 |
| Yang Jingren | 杨静仁 | May 1961 | March 1970 |
| Zhang Guijin [zh] | 张桂金 | May 1961 | March 1963 |
| Kang Jianmin | 康健民 | March 1970 | January 1977 |
| Lin Shan [zh] | 林山 | July 1975 | March 1983 |
| Huo Shilian | 霍士廉 | January 1977 | February 1979 |
| Li Xuezhi [zh] | 李学智 | 1979 | August 1985 |
| Zhao Min [zh] | 赵敏 | May 1983 | August 1985 |
| Wang Huanmin [zh] | 王焕民 | August 1985 | June 1990 |
| Dong Daosheng [zh] | 董道圣 | June 1990 | July 1993 |
| Wang Yongzheng [zh] | 王永正 | July 1993 | December 2000 |
| Yang Jinling [zh] | 杨金岭 | December 2000 | December 2006 |
| Liu Guoxiang [zh] | 刘国祥 | January 2007 | August 2010 |
| Wang Zhihong [zh] | 王志宏 | August 2010 | July 2014 |
| Pan Wujun [zh] | 潘武俊 | July 2014 | June 2022 |
| Guo Jianjun [zh] | 郭建军 | June 2022 | |