OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Project Rousseau

Project Rousseau is a nonprofit organization based in New York City, primarily focused on assisting underserved youth and migrants through mentorship, educational support, and immigration legal services. Founded in 2011, the organization aims to provide stability and opportunities to young people facing socio-economic challenges, including housing instability, food insecurity, and navigating the U.S. immigration system.

## Mission

Project Rousseau's mission is to empower youth, particularly from immigrant and underserved backgrounds, by addressing their immediate needs, fostering long-term personal development, and creating pathways to higher education. The organization pairs students with mentors to provide guidance, emotional support, and help with academics. They also offer legal assistance to migrants and asylum seekers, helping them secure work authorization and navigate their legal status in the United States.

## History

Project Rousseau was founded in 2011 by Andrew Heinrich with the goal of addressing challenges faced by young people in underserved communities. Initially focusing on mentorship programs pairing university students with high school students, the organization expanded its services over the years, particularly in providing legal aid to migrant families. Today, it serves hundreds of students annually, improving academic outcomes and offering immigration assistance.

## Programs and services

Project Rousseau offers various programs, including:
* Mentorship: University students mentor high school students, assisting with academics and career development.
* Student Needs: Support for housing and food insecurity, ensuring students have basic necessities.
* Academics: Focus on study skills and college preparation.
* Broadening Horizons: Exposure to career and cultural opportunities.
* Community Service: Volunteer work to foster civic engagement.
* Immigration Legal Services: Assistance with asylum applications, work authorization, and legal representation.

## Impact

Project Rousseau has played a role in supporting young students and migrants in New York City. The organization has assisted Venezuelan asylum seekers in obtaining work authorization and has provided legal representation to over 270 individuals in immigration cases.
Additionally, it has distributed winter coats to asylum seekers and organized community service initiatives like “Thanksgiving Pie Day,” where students bake pies for homeless shelters.
The organization has partnered with various groups to aid asylum seekers at Ellis Island, offering legal and logistical support.

## Response to Trump Administration Policies

During the Trump administration, Project Rousseau actively supported migrant communities affected by stricter immigration policies. The organization provided legal aid, educational programs, and social services to asylum seekers facing prolonged detention and uncertainty regarding their immigration status. Additionally, it launched initiatives such as emergency housing assistance and rapid legal response efforts to mitigate the effects of policy changes on undocumented youth and families.
# John Grant (Canadian politician)

John Grant (June 1, 1841 – December 12, 1919) was a Scottish-born merchant and political figure in British Columbia. He represented Cassiar from 1882 to 1890 and Victoria City from 1890 to 1894 in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. He did not seek a fourth term in the Legislature in the 1894 provincial election.
He was born in Alford, the eldest son of John Grant, and was educated at Midmar in Aberdeenshire. Grant came to Canada West with his family in 1855. In 1862, he moved to British Columbia from Elora. Grant spent five or six years in the Cariboo District and at the mines on the Peace River. In 1876, he became part of a firm located in Cassiar. Grant was mayor of Victoria from 1887 to 1891. Grant also served as a justice of the peace and a government roads superintendent. Grant died at Victoria in 1919.
# Papa Little

Papa Little (Scots: Papa Little; Old Norse: Papey Litla, meaning "the little island of the priests") is an island in St Magnus Bay, Shetland, Scotland.
The island lies at the head of Aith Voe in north west Mainland, Shetland, south of Muckle Roe. It is largely peat-covered and has been uninhabited since the 1840s.
Its name means "little island of the papar" (as distinct from Papa Stour), who were Gaelic hermits or Culdees found as far north as Iceland.

## Notable people

* Elizabeth Balfour (midwife) (1832-1918)

## Footnotes

* ↑ Area and population ranks: there are c. 300 islands over 20 ha in extent and 93 permanently inhabited islands were listed in the 2011 census.
* ↑ National Records of Scotland (15 August 2013). "Appendix 2: Population and households on Scotland's Inhabited Islands" (PDF). Statistical Bulletin: 2011 Census: First Results on Population and Household Estimates for Scotland Release 1C (Part Two) (PDF) (Report). SG/2013/126. Retrieved 14 August 2020.
* ↑ Haswell-Smith, Hamish (2004) The Scottish Islands. Edinburgh. Canongate.
* ↑ Ordnance Survey. OS Maps Online (Map). 1:25,000. Leisure.
* ↑ "Overview of Papa Little". Gazetteer for Scotland. Retrieved 11 November 2007.
60°19′54″N 1°23′30″W﻿ / ﻿60.33167°N 1.39153°W﻿ / 60.33167; -1.39153
* This Shetland location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# John Moffitt (American football)

John David Moffitt (born October 28, 1986) is an American former professional football player who was an offensive guard in the National Football League (NFL). He was selected by the Seattle Seahawks in the third round of the 2011 NFL draft. He played college football at the University of Wisconsin. Moffitt was also a member of the Denver Broncos and Philadelphia Eagles.

## Early life

Moffitt attended Notre Dame High School in West Haven, Connecticut, US, where he was a two-time all-conference choice as a two-way lineman. As a senior, he made 65 tackles and registered seven QB sacks in 2005. Regarded as a three-star recruit by Rivals.com, he was listed as the No. 13 prospect from the New England region.

## College career

Moffitt was a 2010 All-American selection by Associated Press, CBSSports.com, and Rivals.com at the University of Wisconsin.
While some have heralded John's ability to run block, many red flags have been raised about his pass blocking skills. According to sidelinescouting.com, Moffitt is "not very fast" and "lacks real quickness", raising questions about his longevity as an American football guard or center.

## Professional career
### Seattle Seahawks

Moffitt was selected number 75 overall by the Seattle Seahawks in the 2011 NFL draft. Moffitt started nine games in the 2011 season before being injured in the week-13 game against the Baltimore Ravens. His career took a further downside when hit with a four-game suspension for using performance-enhancing drugs
Moffitt was traded to the Cleveland Browns on August 19, 2013. On August 20, 2013, the trade was rescinded, reportedly due to Moffitt failing his physical. In an interview with 710 ESPN Seattle, Moffitt claimed that Cleveland wanted him to take less money to play there and when he said he wouldn't do that they told him that they were going to fail his physical.

### Denver Broncos

On August 20, 2013, Moffitt was traded to the Denver Broncos in exchange for defensive tackle Sealver Siliga. Moffitt retired from the NFL on November 5, 2013. He stated that he was unhappy, and did not want to risk his health for money. He was not on the roster when the Broncos made the Super Bowl, the game in which they lost to his former team, the Seahawks. Moffitt said during his retirement that he didn't care about the upcoming Super Bowl anyway.

### Philadelphia Eagles

Moffitt signed a one-year deal with the Eagles on June 29, 2015. He was cut by the Eagles on September 4, 2015.

## Personal life

During his time with the Seahawks, Moffitt had several run-ins at Bellevue Square, Lincoln Square and the Eastside's other Kemper Properties, from which Moffitt was banned in early 2012. After the ban, he was arrested on June 14, 2012, for allegedly urinating on a parked car near Bellevue Square mall, and was caught trespassing again that August at Lincoln Square's Paddy Coyne's bar. Moffitt was also charged with drug possession and battery in 2014.
# Junkernhees

Junkernhees is a constituent community of Kreuztal, Siegen-Wittgenstein, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
It has a population of 253 inhabitants.
It is embedded in the Heesbach valley and surrounded by forests. The approx. 70 houses are spread over a quite large area and are crossed by the L712 highway. Northbound, Junkernhees borders on Osthelden. In the west are the districts of Mittelhees and Oberhees. In the east follows first Fellinghausen and then Kreuztal.
At the end of the village towards Mittelhees there is an old cultural monument, the Junkernhees Castle.

## History

The name Hees comes from the Heesern, who settled there about 700 years ago. Junkernhees was first mentioned in 1294.
Until the communal reorganization in North Rhine-Westphalia on January 1, 1969, Junkernhees was a district of the former community of Osthelden.
# Jon Hallvardson Smør

Jon Hallvardson Smør (fl. 1375) was a Norwegian nobleman. He was a son of the knight Hallvard Jonson Smør. In 1375, Jon was the ombudsman of king Haakon VI of Norway. He had two known children, the son Svale, and daughter Ulvhild (whose granddaughter Birgitte married Trond Tordson Benkestok).
# Jonny Staub

Jonny Staub (born November 28, 1979, in Windsor, Ontario) is a Canadian radio and television personality.
Staub started his career as a traffic reporter at CHYM-FM in Kitchener, ON, on May 15, 1997. He attended Conestoga College and has achieved success mainly in Western Canada, both in Top 40 radio and for TV stations Citytv and Shaw TV.
In 2001, at age 22, he was the youngest DJ in a major time slot in the Vancouver market. He was removed from his position at Z95 in May 2002. Soon after, he landed a weekend time slot at Power 92 in Edmonton. In 2005, he was a featured host for the newly airing Edmonton station The Bounce.
He has been a DJ at CHYM-FM, CKGL, CJIB, CKIK-FM, CKZZ-FM (in the evening time), CKNG-FM, CHBN-FM, and CFBT-FM.
Staub is also one of Canada's first openly gay DJs in the Vancouver radio market. In 2008 he co-hosted OUTtv's Let's Talk Sex, which also airs on its US counterpart here!. There is talk of a second season of Let's Talk Sex; however, there is no word on whether or not Staub will return to that show. Recently Jonny has ventured online and started blogging on Homorazzi.com, a site where 'homos judge everything' - think Perez Hilton meets The Hills. As part of the Homorazzi.com team, Jonny hosts weekly segments called "Hawt Topics".
# 1944 Clay Cross by-election

The 1944 Clay Cross by-election was held on 14 April 1944. The by-election was held due to the death of the incumbent Labour MP, George Ridley. It was won by the Labour candidate Harold Neal.
D. Craven Griffiths, a Liberal who worked for the civil service wanted to stand in the by-election. The President of the Board of Trade refused him permission for a leave of absence to fight a campaign.
Clay Cross by-election, 1944 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Harold Neal | 13,693 | 76.3 | +1.7 |
| | Independent Anti-Fascist | Phil Hicken | 2,336 | 13.0 | New |
| | Independent Atlantic Charter | William Douglas-Home | 1,911 | 10.7 | New |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 11,357 | 63.3 | +14.1 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 17,940 | | |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | | |
# Joseph Casavant

Joseph Casavant (French pronunciation:; 1807 – 1874) was a French Canadian manufacturer of pipe organs.
Casavant was born 23 January 1807 in Saint-Hyacinthe, Lower Canada to Dominique Casavant and Marie-Desanges Coderre. Originally a blacksmith, Casavant gave up his trade at age 27 to pursue classical studies in Sainte-Thérèse-de-Blainville. While at Father Charles-Joseph Ducharme's college in 1834, he happened upon a treatise by Dom Bédos de Celles. The 1766 work on organ building was titled L'Art du Facteur d'Orgues (The Art of Organ Building). He subsequently used it to restore the unfinished and abandoned school's organ. News spread throughout the region with the vestry from the Ville de Laval ordering an organ. He set up business in Saint-Hyacinthe and received his first contract in 1840.
In 1850, he received an order for a church organ from Bytown, Canada West. While living there temporarily, he married his second wife Marie-Olive Sicard de Carufel.
By the time he retired in 1866, he had built 17 organs, including the ones for the Catholic cathedrals of Ottawa and Kingston, and the village church in Mont-Saint-Hilaire.
Casavant died in Saint-Hyacinthe on 9 March 1874. His work was carried on by his sons, Joseph-Claver and Samuel-Marie, under the firm name of Casavant Frères. Little of Casavant's work survives today, however the company his two sons established retains the copy of de Celles' work.
# Joseph René Bellot

Joseph-René Bellot (18 March 1826 – 18 August 1853) was a French naval officer and Arctic explorer.

## Biography

Bellot was born in Paris, the son of a farrier, but moved to Rochefort with his family in 1831. With the aid of the authorities of Rochefort he was enabled at the age of 15 to enter the Ecole Navale at Brest, in which he studied two years and earned a high reputation. He then took part in the Anglo-French expedition of 1845 to Madagascar, and received the cross of the Legion of Honour for distinguished conduct. He afterwards took part in Anglo-French blockade of the Río de la Plata, that of Parana to South America, which opened the Río de la Plata to commerce.
In 1851, he joined the Arctic expedition under the command of Captain William Kennedy in search of Sir John Franklin. To harden himself for the Arctic winters, Bellot is said to have allowed himself only a thin mattress and one blanket on bare boards. When he met his first Inuit he endeared himself to them by constructing an artificial leg for a man who was disabled.
In February 1852, Kennedy and Bellot set out from their winter quarters in Batty Bay on a dog sledging journey, travelling south to Brentford Bay, where they discovered Bellot Strait, a strait between Boothia Felix and Somerset Island. They then continued west to cross Prince of Wales Island to Ommanney Bay, returning to Batty Bay via Peel Sound and Cape Walker – a total trek of 1,800 kilometres (1,100 mi). Bellot's narrative of the expedition was published posthumously in 1854.
Early in 1852, he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant, and in the same year accompanied the Franklin search expedition under Captain Edward Augustus Inglefield. As on the previous occasion, his intelligence, devotion to duty and courage won him wide admiration. While making a perilous journey with two comrades for the purpose of communicating with Sir Edward Belcher, he suddenly disappeared in an opening between the broken masses of ice in the Wellington Channel. A memorial grave was built on nearby Beechey Island. A pension was granted to his family by the emperor Napoleon III.

## Legacy

The young explorer was mourned widely, and £2,000 was raised by a Royal Geographical Society committee – chaired by Sir Roderick Murchison – after his death, of which £500 went towards a granite memorial obelisk, designed by Philip Hardwick and unveiled in 1855, in his memory on the Thames riverside, in front of Greenwich Hospital. The remainder of the money went towards supporting his five sisters. A nearby Greenwich street, Bellot Street SE10, also carries his name. In 1935, an impact crater on the Moon, on the edge of the Sea of Fecundity, was named Bellot in his honour.
# Sidi Haneish Airfield

Sidi Haneish Airfield is an abandoned World War II military airfield complex in Egypt, in the western desert, about 376 km (235 miles) west-northwest of Cairo.
The airfield, known as Haggag el Qasaba by the German Luftwaffe, was the location of one of the most daring raids during World War II by the British Special Air Service (SAS). On the night of 26 July 1942, SAS Detachment "L", also known as "Stirling's Raiders", attacked the airfield, then under Luftwaffe control. Driving a convoy of eighteen jeeps, each carrying 3 or 4 British or French commandos, the raiders destroyed or damaged around forty Luftwaffe aircraft. The attack damaged the Luftwaffe's capability during the German invasion of Egypt and also, by the destruction of many transport aircraft, severely diminished its ability to re-supply German land forces in the field.
The airfield was later used by the United States Army Air Force Ninth Air Force during the Eastern Desert Campaign by the British Eighth Army, which the 57th Fighter Group, flew P-40 Warhawks from 8–12 November 1942.
It was apparently abandoned after the western desert campaign moved into Libya and eventually was taken over by the desert. Aerial photos show some evidence of where it existed.

## British airfields

* The LG-12 (Landing Ground) North site is given as – 31°09′0″N 027°32′0″E﻿ / ﻿31.15000°N 27.53333°E﻿ / 31.15000; 27.53333,
* The LG-13 South is given as – 31°07′5″N 027°31′0″E﻿ / ﻿31.11806°N 27.51667°E﻿ / 31.11806; 27.51667
* The LG-101 is given as – 31°06′0″N 027°31′0″E﻿ / ﻿31.10000°N 27.51667°E﻿ / 31.10000; 27.51667
* The LG-102 is given as – 31°06′0″N 027°33′5″E﻿ / ﻿31.10000°N 27.55139°E﻿ / 31.10000; 27.55139
# 1988 OTB Open

The 1988 OTB Open was a combined men's and women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts in Schenectady, New York in the United States that was part of the 1988 Nabisco Grand Prix and of the Category 1 tier of the 1988 WTA Tour. It was the second edition of the tournament and ran from July 18 through July 24, 1988.

## Finals
### Men's singles

Tim Mayotte defeated Johan Kriek 5–7, 6–3, 6–2
* It was Mayotte's 2nd title of the year and the 10th of his career.

### Women's singles

Gretchen Magers defeated Terry Phelps 7–6, 6–4
* It was Magers' only title of the year and the 2nd of her career.

### Men's doubles

Alexander Mronz / Greg Van Emburgh defeated Paul Annacone / Patrick McEnroe 6–3, 6–7, 7–5
* It was Mronz's only title of the year and the 1st of his career. It was Van Emburgh's only title of the year and the 1st of his career.

### Women's doubles

Ann Henricksson / Julie Richardson defeated Lea Antonoplis / Cammy MacGregor 6–3, 3–6, 7–5
* It was Henricksson's 3rd title of the year and the 3rd of her career. It was Richardson's only title of the year and the 5th of her career.
# Reactive dye printing

The chromophore (the chemical group of a dye responsible for colour) of reactive dyes contain substituents that react with the substrate to which it is applied. Reactive dyes have better fastness properties owing to this covalent bonding, and are the most important method for coloring cellulose fibers but can also be used on wool and nylon.
Reactive dye printing is a method of printing fabrics using reactive dye incorporated into a paste or wax including components such as sodium alginate gum, soda ash, urea and kerosin. Typically, the dye is dried at 130 degrees and cured at 180 degrees to permanently bond it, and the fabric later treated with a softener for better hand feel.
# William Kneale

William Calvert Kneale (22 June 1906 – 24 June 1990) was an English logician best known for his 1962 book The Development of Logic, a history of logic from its beginnings in Ancient Greece written with his wife Martha. Kneale was also known as a philosopher of science and the author of a book on probability and induction. Educated at the Liverpool Institute High School for boys, he later became a fellow of Exeter College, Oxford, and in 1960 succeeded to the White's Professor of Moral Philosophy previously occupied by the linguistic philosopher J. L. Austin. He retired in 1966.

## Life and work

Kneale's interest in the history of logic began in the 1940s. The focus of much of Kneale's early work was the legacy of the work of the 19th century logician George Boole. His first major publication in the history of logic was his paper "Boole and the Revival of Logic," published in the philosophy journal Mind in 1948. He was also the author of a number of papers in philosophical logic, particularly on the nature of truth for natural languages, and the role that linguistic concepts play in the treatment of logical paradoxes.
Kneale worked on his great history of logic from 1947 to 1957 together with his wife Martha (who was responsible for the chapters on the ancient Greeks). The result was the 800-page The Development of Logic, first published in 1962, which went through five impressions before going into a second, paperback, edition in 1984.
The 'History' is commonly referred to in the academic world simply as "Kneale and Kneale". It was the only major history of logic available in English in the mid-twentieth century, and the first major history of logic in English since The Development of Symbolic Logic published in 1906 by A. T. Shearman. The treatise has been a standard work in the history of logic for decades.
In 1938 he married Martha Hurst; they had two children, George (born 1942) and Jane (married name Heal); born 1946).
# 1,2-Dioxin

1,2-Dioxin is a heterocyclic, organic, antiaromatic compound with the chemical formula C$_4$H$_4$O$_2$. It is an isomeric form of 1,4-dioxin (or p-dioxin).
    1,2-Dioxin (left) and 1,4-dioxin (right)
Due to its peroxide-like characteristics, 1,2-dioxin is very unstable and has not been isolated. Calculations suggest that it would isomerize rapidly into but-2-enedial. Even substituted derivatives, such as 1,4-diphenyl-2,3-benzodioxin, are very labile.
    Structure of the transient 1,4-diphenyl-2,3-benzodioxin
In 1990, 3,6-bis(p-tolyl)-1,2-dioxin (1) was incorrectly reported as the first stable derivative. It was subsequently shown that the initial compound was not a derivative of 1,2-dioxin, but a thermodynamically more stable dione (2).
    Dioxin (1) and dione form (2)
# El Carupanazo

El Carupanazo was a short-lived military rebellion against the government of Rómulo Betancourt, in which rebel military officers commanding the Third Marine Infantry Battalion and the 77th National Guard Detachment took over the city of Carúpano in May 1962. The rebellion was followed a month later by another in Puerto Cabello, El Porteñazo.

## Rebellion

At around midnight on 4 May 1962, military officers in rebellion against the government of Rómulo Betancourt took over the city of Carúpano. The insurgents, under control of Captain Jesús Teodoro Molina Villegas, Major Pedro New Vegas, and Lieutenant Héctor Fleming Mendoza, occupied the city's streets and buildings, the airport, and the radio station, Radio Carúpano, which they used to broadcast their message, calling themselves the Movimiento de Recuperación Democrática (Movement of Democratic Recuperation).
President Betancourt demanded that the rebels surrender, but at the same he ordered the air force to attack the city and the navy began blocking the seaport in an operation called Operacion Tenaza. The following day, the government was able to take over Carúpano and its surroundings, arresting more than 400 military personnel and civilians that were involved in the rebellion.
Those involved were Congressman Eloy Torres of the Communist Party of Venezuela (PCV), as well as other members of that party and the Movimiento de Izquierda Revolucionaria (MIR). As a result, Betancourt suspended constitutional guarantees, accused the PCV and MIR of being involved, and decreed both parties as illegal.
# 2003 South Norfolk District Council election

The 2003 South Norfolk Council election took place on 1 May 2003 to elect members of South Norfolk District Council in England. This was on the same day as other local elections.

## Election results

2003 South Norfolk District Council election :
| Party | Seats | Net gain/loss | Seats % | Votes % | Votes | +/− |
| Liberal Democrats | 28 | 1 | 60.9 | 47.0 | 22,188 | +2.0 |
| Conservative | 18 | 2 | 39.1 | 40.6 | 19,183 | +5.6 |
| Labour | 0 | 2 | 0.0 | 7.4 | 3,481 | -8.5 |
| Green | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 2.5 | 1,194 | +2.2 |
| Independent | 0 | 2 | 0.0 | 2.5 | 1,176 | -1.4 |