OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Al-Shabab SC (Syria)

Al-Shabab Sports Club (Arabic: نادي الشباب الرياضي) is a Syrian football club based in Raqqa. It was founded in 1962. They play their home games at the Raqqa Stadium.
In 2016 Raqqa Is Being Slaughtered Silently reported that members of the club were targeted by the Islamic State in the course of the Syrian civil war, and that 5 men, including players and a coach of the Al-Shabab SC football club, were publicly beheaded by them.
In 2018 the inaugural match of the Euphrates Championship was played at Raqqa Stadium against Manbij SC by the partially reunited team.

## Raqqa Stadium

Raqqa Stadium or Malaab al-Baladi (nicknamed "Black Stadium") was constructed in 2006 and was operational as a sports facility until 2011, the start of the protests against Bashar al-Assad. In 2012 the Syrian Arab Armed Forces were accused by opposition activists of shelling opposition areas from the stadium.
ISIS used the stadium as the "largest detention center" in the region. During the Battle of Raqqa, ISIS made their last stand at the stadium, which was liberated by the Syrian Democratic Forces on 17 October 2017. The virtual ISIS Prisons Museum has extensively 3D-modelled and photographed the stadium for an exhibit and virtual tour in a virtual museum intended to document Islamic State prisons and what the victims of them had been through.
It is estimated that the grandstand of the stadium became severely damaged by fighting "between November 2015 and May 2016" while Raqqa was the de facto capital of the Islamic State
The stadium was repaired and rehabilitated from 2017 to 2019 by the Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria and has a current spectator capacity of 15,000.
The stadium's various halls and its grounds have since been used for sporting events such as karate lessons and civic events such as the celebration of Newroz in March 2024. It has also been used for the assistance of internally displaced persons by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.
# Junior World Weightlifting Championships

The IWF Junior World Championships is organised by the International Weightlifting Federation (IWF). The first competition was held in 1975.

## Editions

| Year | Edition | Edition | Venue | Events |
| Year | M | W | Venue | Events |
| 1975 | 1 | – | Marseille, France | 27 |
| 1976 | 2 | – | Gdańsk, Poland | 27 |
| 1977 | 3 | – | Sofia, Bulgaria | 30 |
| 1978 | 4 | – | Athens, Greece | 30 |
| 1979 | 5 | – | Debrecen, Hungary | 30 |
| 1980 | 6 | – | Montreal, Canada | 30 |
| 1981 | 7 | – | Lignano Sabbiadoro, Italy | 30 |
| 1982 | 8 | – | São Paulo, Brazil | 30 |
| 1983 | 9 | – | Cairo, Egypt | 30 |
| 1984 | 10 | – | Lignano Sabbiadoro, Italy | 30 |
| 1985 | 11 | – | Edinburgh, Scotland | 30 |
| 1986 | 12 | – | Donaueschingen, Germany | 30 |
| 1987 | 13 | – | Belgrade, Yugoslavia | 30 |
| 1988 | 14 | – | Athens, Greece | 30 |
| 1989 | 15 | – | Lauderdale, United States | 30 |
| 1990 | 16 | – | Sarajevo, Yugoslavia | 30 |
| 1991 | 17 | – | Wolmirstedt, Germany | 30 |
| 1992 | 18 | – | Varna, Bulgaria | 30 |
| 1993 | 19 | – | Cheb, Czech Republic | 30 |
| 1994 | 20 | – | Jakarta, Indonesia | 30 |
| 1995 | 21 | 1 | Warsaw, Poland | 57 |
| 1996 | 22 | 2 | Warsaw, Poland | 57 |
| 1997 | 23 | 3 | Cape Town, South Africa | 57 |
| 1998 | 24 | 4 | Sofia, Bulgaria | 45 |
| 1999 | 25 | 5 | Savannah, United States | 45 |
| 2000 | 26 | 6 | Prague, Czech Republic | 45 |
| 2001 | 27 | 7 | Thessaloniki, Greece | 45 |
| 2002 | 28 | 8 | Havířov, Czech Republic | 45 |
| 2003 | 29 | 9 | Hermosillo, Mexico | 45 |
| 2004 | 30 | 10 | Minsk, Belarus | 45 |
| Year | Edition | Edition | Venue | Events |
| Year | M | W | Venue | Events |
| 2005 | 31 | 11 | Busan, South Korea | 45 |
| 2006 | 32 | 12 | Hangzhou, China | 45 |
| 2007 | 33 | 13 | Prague, Czech Republic | 45 |
| 2008 | 34 | 14 | Cali, Colombia | 45 |
| 2009 | 35 | 15 | Bucharest, Romania | 45 |
| 2010 | 36 | 16 | Sofia, Bulgaria | 45 |
| 2011 | 37 | 17 | Penang, Malaysia | 45 |
| 2012 | 38 | 18 | Antigua Guatemala, Guatemala | 45 |
| 2013 | 39 | 19 | Lima, Peru | 45 |
| 2014 | 40 | 20 | Kazan, Russia | 45 |
| 2015 | 41 | 21 | Wrocław, Poland | 45 |
| 2016 | 42 | 22 | Tbilisi, Georgia | 45 |
| 2017 | 43 | 23 | Tokyo, Japan | 48 |
| 2018 | 44 | 24 | Tashkent, Uzbekistan | 48 |
| 2019 | 45 | 25 | Suva, Fiji | 60 |
| 2021 | 46 | 26 | Tashkent, Uzbekistan | 60 |
| 2022 | 47 | 27 | Heraklion, Greece | 60 |
| 2023 | 48 | 28 | Guadalajara, Mexico | 60 |
| 2024 | 49 | 29 | León, Spain | 60 |
| 2025 | 50 | 30 | Tashkent, Uzbekistan | 60 |
| 2026 | 51 | 31 | Ismailia, Egypt | 60 |
| 2027 | 52 | 32 | Tirana, Albania | 60 |
# Celeus

Celeus (/ˈsiːliəs/ SEE-lee-əs) or Keleus (Ancient Greek: Κελεός, romanized: Keleós) was the king of Eleusis in Greek mythology, husband of Metaneira and father of several daughters, who are called Callidice, Demo, Cleisidice and Callithoe in the Homeric Hymn to Demeter, and Diogeneia, Pammerope and Saesara by Pausanias.

## Mythology

In the Homeric Hymn to Demeter, Celeus was one of the original priests of Demeter, one of the first people to learn the secret rites and mysteries of Demeter's cult the Eleusinian Mysteries. Diocles, Eumolpos, Triptolemus and Polyxeinus were the others of the first priests.
While Demeter was searching for her daughter, having taken the form of an old woman called Doso, she received a hospitable welcome from Celeus, the king of Eleusis in Attica. He asked her to nurse Demophon, his youngest son by Metaneira. As a gift to Celeus, because of his hospitality, Demeter planned to make Demophon immortal by burning his mortal spirit away in the family hearth every night. She was unable to complete the ritual because Metaneira walked in on her one night and interfered with the process. Instead, Demeter chose to teach Triptolemus, the other son of Celeus (though he was ascribed different parentages as well), the art of agriculture and, from him, the rest of Greece learned to plant and reap crops. He flew across the land on a winged chariot while Demeter and Persephone cared for him, and helped him complete his mission of educating the whole of Greece on the art of agriculture.
Celeus was killed by Erichthonius in a war with Athens. His mourning daughters were afterwards transformed into doves by Demeter.
Robert Graves suggested that Celeus' name can mean ‘burner’ as well as ‘woodpecker’ or ‘sorcerer’.
# Coudekerque-Village

Coudekerque-Village (Dutch: Koudekerke-Dorp; West Flemish: Koukerke-Dorp) is a former commune of the Nord department in northern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune Téteghem-Coudekerque-Village. Prior to October 6, 2008, it was known as Coudekerque (Koudekerke). The name was changed to distinguish it from Coudekerque-Branche.

## Heraldry

| Arms of Coudekerque-Village | The arms of Coudekerque-Village are blazoned : Argent, an eagle sable, langued gules. |
# Syed Waqar Mehdi

Syed Waqar Mehdi is a Pakistani politician who has been serving as a Senator since March 2018. He is a member of the Pakistan Peoples Party Parliamentarians (PPPP) and represents the province of Sindh in the Senate of Pakistan.
# Chen Chun-han

Chen Chun-han (traditional Chinese: 陳俊翰; simplified Chinese: 陈俊翰; pinyin: Chén Jùnhàn; June 15, 1983 – February 10, 2024) was a Taiwanese lawyer and legal scholar known for his advocate for disability rights. He was a post-doctoral researcher at the Academia Sinica's Institute of Legal Studies, and member of the Executive Yuan's Subcommittee on the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights.

## Early life and education

Born in the city of Hsinchu, Chen was afflicted with spinal muscular atrophy. He could only move one finger, his mouth, and his eyes. Despite his disability, Chen graduated from National Taiwan University (NTU) with a bachelor's degree in accounting and a bachelor's degree in law. He then earned a Master of Laws (LL.M.) from NTU's Institute of Legal Studies and completed advanced studies in the United States, where he earned a second LL.M from Harvard Law School and earned his Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.) from the University of Michigan Law School. Chen was licensed to practice law in New York.

## Death

On February 10, 2024, Chen died at the National Taiwan University Hospital Hsinchu North District Branch after fighting a cold-related lung infection.
# Haworthiopsis reinwardtii

Haworthiopsis reinwardtii, formerly Haworthia reinwardtii, is a species of succulent flowering plant in the family Asphodelaceae, native to the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. It is one of the species of Haworthiopsis that is commonly cultivated as an ornamental.

## Description

It is a perennial succulent, with stems growing to 20 cm (8 in) in height, with a basal rosette of white-spotted fleshy leaves arranged in a spiral pattern, and racemes of tubular pinkish-white flowers in spring. The plant spreads to form a mat, by means of freely-produced offsets, also a convenient means of propagation.
It is frequently confused with Haworthiopsis coarctata – a closely related species which occurs just to the west of this species' natural range and looks very similar. However H. reinwardtii has larger, flatter and whiter tubercles on its leaves (those of H. coarctata are smaller, smoother and rounder). H. reinwardtii also has thinner, narrower leaves.

## Varieties

This variable species has a large number of recognised varieties, some of which are depicted below:
* The Chalumnensis variety ("chalumna")
* The Wesleyensis variety
* The Kaffirdriftensis variety
* The Zebrina variety
* The Olivacea variety

## Cultivation

H. reinwardtii requires very well-drained soil and some exposure to sun. It does not tolerate prolonged exposure to temperatures below 10 °C (50 °F), so in temperate regions it must be grown under glass with heat. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
# João Tilly

João José Rodrigues Tilly (born 30 May 1960) is a Portuguese politician, math teacher, and YouTuber who was elected as a member of the Assembly of the Republic following the 2024 legislative election.

## Biography

Tilly was born in 1960. He studied mechanical engineering and is currently a math teacher. He lives in Seia, in the Guarda District, since 1989.
He gained popularity though his YouTube videos commenting on current politics. In his videos, João Tilly has spread misinformation about COVID-19 vaccines and has strongly criticized Ukraine President Volodymyr Zelensky after the start of the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
# Dalarik

Dalarik (Armenian: Դալարիկ; until 1965, Mastara) is a town in the Armavir Province of Armenia.
# Cal Islet

Cal Islet (Portuguese: Ilhéu da Cal, also: Ilhéu de Baixo) is a small island about 500 m (1,600 ft) south of Porto Santo Island, in the Madeira Archipelago, Portugal. With an area of 1.40 km$^2$ (0.54 sq mi), Cal is the largest of six islets close to Porto Santo. The highest point is 178 m (584 ft). The islet has never been inhabited.

## History

Cal Islet houses an important testimony to the history and culture of Porto Santo. It was once mined for lime (cal in Portuguese). Its extraction led to several accidents, one of which killed sixteen workers, victims of a mine collapse. The mines are no longer active, but remnants are still intact and can be visited with a proper license and specialized escort.
The construction of a cable car was planned to connect the tip of Calheta (in Porto Santo) to the islet. The project was abandoned because the large numbers of visitors would have endangered the regeneration of the islet's fragile ecosystem.

## Ecological Preservation

Despite its rough appearance, this islet is home to a very rich flora, which includes the usual coastal shrubs and some traces of laurisilva, probably due to its difficult access. It is also a breeding ground for at least four species of birds, the Atlantic canary, the Berthelot's pipit, the plain swift and the little shearwater and home to endemic land snails, Amphorella cimensis and Leiostyla relevata. For these reasons, its ecosystem is protected by the Portuguese PDM and Rede Natura 2000.
   In these areas with very high ecological value and great vulnerability to human pressure or reduced capacity for regeneration, only activities of a scientific nature are allowed and, exceptionally, in previously selected areas, places of observation in the scope of leisure and recreational uses.
# Richard Hampden

Richard Hampden (baptized 13 October 1631 – 15 December 1695) was an English Whig politician and son of Ship money tax protester John Hampden. He was sworn a Privy Counsellor in 1689 and was Chancellor of the Exchequer from 18 March 1690 until 10 May 1694.

## Life

Like his father and son he sided with Parliament against the House of Stuart. During the interregnum he was elected Member of Parliament for Buckinghamshire in the Second Protectorate Parliament of 1656 and voted in favour of offering the crown to the Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell. In 1657 he entered the Other House (the protectorate's House of Lords). He purchased the manors of Wendover Borough and Forrens from John Baldwin in 1660. Also in 1660 he was elected MP for Wendover (a constituency dominated by his family) in the Convention Parliament, and was elected to represent the same constituency in the Cavalier Parliament(1661–1679). After the fall of Earl of Clarendon in 1667, he became more active in politics, voicing his opposition to the war with the Dutch and the alliance with France. By the latter half of the 1670s, he was considered by the Earl of Shaftesbury to be an ally. Hampden was particularly active during the Popish Plot and undermined the authority of the Lord Treasurer the Earl of Danby.
He was re-elected to the Parliaments of 1679 and played an active part in the attempt to pass the Exclusion Bill to bar the Duke of York from the succession and also supported the bill to give toleration to Protestant dissenters. In 1681 he was elected to the Oxford Parliament for the county of Buckinghamshire (exchanging seats with his son John Hampden). During the convening of this short parliament he again supported exclusion.
In 1685, Hampden again represented the borough of Wendover but was far less active in politics as King James II, the man Hampden had tried to exclude from the succession, was now king. After the successful invasion by William of Orange, he chaired the committee of members of James II's parliament that on 27 December 1688, invited William to call a convention and to take over the government in the interim. Hampden sat in the Convention Parliament of 1689 and was a central figure in the enabling legislation to crown William and Mary. In February 1689 he became a privy councillor, and on 9 April became a commissioner of the Treasury.
In 1690 he represented the county of Buckinghamshire in William and Mary's first parliament, and in the same year was made Chancellor of the Exchequer. During the next five years, when his health allowed, he was active in the government. He did not stand for re-election to William and Mary's second parliament in 1695, and died on 15 December 1695.

## Family

He married Letitia Paget, daughter of William Paget, 5th Baron Paget, and had three children:
* John Hampden
* Richard Hampden, died young
* Isabella Hampden, married Sir William Ellys, 2nd Baronet.
# Christopher M. Byron

Christopher M. Byron (December 27, 1944 – 2017) was an American financial writer. From 1995 to 2001, he wrote a financial column for The New York Observer. He later was a columnist at the New York Post until 2006.
Byron's 2002 book Martha Inc. was adapted into the 2003 television film Martha, Inc.: The Story of Martha Stewart.

## Books

* The Fanciest Dive: What Happened When the Giant Media Empire of Time/Life Leaped Without Looking Into the Age of High-Tech (1986)
* Skin Tight: The Bizarre Story of Guess v. Jordache (1996)
* Martha Inc.: The Incredible Story of Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia (2002)
# 1686 in literature

This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1686.

## Events

* January – John Dryden is recorded as having converted to Roman Catholicism.

## New books
### Prose

* Pierre Bayle – Philosophical Commentary (on religious freedom)
* Bernard de Fontenelle
** Entretiens sur la pluralité des mondes (Conversations on the Plurality of Worlds)
** L'Histoire des oracles
* Gottfried Leibniz
** Brevis Demonstratio Erroris Memorabilis Cartesii et Aliorum Circa Legem Naturae (A Brief Demonstration of the Memorable Error of Descartes and Others About the Law of Nature)
** Discours de Métaphysique
* Ihara Saikaku (井原 西鶴)
** Twenty Cases of Unfilial Children (本朝二十不孝 Honchō Nijū Fukō)
** The Life of an Amorous Woman (好色一代女 Kōshoku Ichidai Onna)
* Thomas Sydenham – Schedula monitoria de novae febris ingressu (Schedule of Symptoms of Newly Arrived Fever)

### Children

* John Bunyan – A Book for Boys and Girls, or, Country Rhymes for Children

### Drama

* Aphra Behn and John Blow – The Lucky Chance
* Thomas d'Urfey – The Banditti
* Thomas Jevon – The Devil of a Wife

### Poetry

* Anne Killigrew (posthumously) – Poems

## Births

* January 17 – Archibald Bower, Scottish historian (died 1766)
* August 12 – John Balguy, English philosopher (died 1748)
* September 5 – Antoine Touron, French historian and biographer (died 1775)
* unknown date – Alban Thomas, Welsh physician and antiquarian (died 1771)

## Deaths

* January 31 – Jean Mairet, French dramatist (born 1604)
* February 6 – Dorothy White, English Quaker pamphleteer (born c. 1630)
* February 10 – William Dugdale, English antiquary and herald (born 1605)
* February 25 – Abraham Calovius, German Lutheran theologian (born 1612)
* June 23 – Sir William Coventry, English statesman and author (born c. 1628)
* July 10 – John Fell, English academic and bishop (born 1625)
* August 13 – Louis Maimbourg, French Jesuit historian (born 1610)
* November 25 – Nicolas Steno (Niels Steenson), Danish scientist (born 1638)
* November 28 – Nicolas Letourneux, French religious writer (born 1640)
* December 6 – Nicola Avancini, Italian Jesuit writer (born 1612)
# Kobrinskaya narrow-gauge railway

59°31′02″N 48°49′36″E﻿ / ﻿59.5171089°N 48.8265548°E﻿ / 59.5171089; 48.8265548 The Kobrinskaya narrow-gauge railway is located in Kirov Oblast, Russia. The forest railway was opened in 1946, has a total length of 80 kilometres (50 mi) and is operational as of 2014, the track gauge is 750 mm (2 ft 5+1⁄2 in) and operates year-round.

## Current status

The Kobrinskaya forestry railway's first line was constructed in 1946, in the area of Murashinsky District, Kirov Oblast from the village Bezbozhnik. The total length of the Kobrinskaya narrow-gauge railway at the peak of its development exceeded 150 kilometres (93 mi), of which 80 kilometres (50 mi) is currently operational. The railway operates scheduled freight services from Bezbozhnik, used for forestry tasks such as the transportation of felled logs and forestry workers. In 1992, as a result of privatization "Mayskiy timber industry enterprise", there was founded JSC "Mayskles" company. In 2014, repairs are being made to the track.

## Rolling stock
### Locomotives

* TU4 – No. 0045, 2145
* TU6A – No. 3806, 2846, 2333, 2633, 3697, 3722, 3901, 3082, 3995, 3278, 3490
* TU7 – No. 2787, 2039, 2208, 2569, 2072, 2534
* TU6SPA – No. 0024
* TU6P – No. 0022
* TU8 – No. 0457
* TD-5U "Pioneer"

### Railroad cars

* Boxcar
* Tank car
* Snowplow
* Dining car
* Passenger car
* DM-20 "Fiskars"
* Side-tipping wagons
* Crane LT-110 – No. 018
* Railway log-car and flatcar
* Hopper car to transport track ballast

### Work trains

* Track machine DM-7
* Tamping machine LD-22-002
* Track UPS-1

## Gallery

* Locomotive TU7-2072 with freight train
* Locomotive TU6A-3695
* Locomotive TU7-2569
* Locomotive TU6A-3809 with freight train
* Locomotive TU7-2039 with freight train
* Locomotive TU7-2072 with freight train
* Locomotive TU8-0457 and TT-4 Skidder
* Locomotive TU7A-2787 with freight train

## References and sources

* ↑ схемы и топографические карты. Кобринская узкоколейная железная дорога (in Russian). Archived from the original on July 29, 2015.
* ↑ Кобринская узкоколейная железная дорога (in Russian). Archived from the original on July 29, 2015.
* ↑ "544. Кобринская УЖД (Безбожник)". Parovoz.com (in Russian).
# Wit Dąbal

Wit Dąbal (born 26 September 1955) is a Polish cinematographer.

## Life and work

A graduate of the cinematography department of the Łódź Film School, Dąbal is winner of numerous film awards and distinctions, including the Cinematography Awards at the Polish Film Festival in 1984 for the film entitled "Wir" and Prix Italia in the category of TV programs for the picture entitled "From Moscow to Pietuszek with Vieniedikt Yerofeyev" (Z Moskwy do Pietuszek z Wieniediktem Jerofiejewem).

## Filmography

* 1995 – Wielki tydzień
* 1992 – Sauna
* 1990 – Z Moskwy do Pietuszek z Wieniediktem Jerofiejewem
* 1988 – Alchemik
* 1986 – Cudowne dziecko
* 1985 – Medium
* 1983 – Kartka z podróży
* 1981 – Wahadełko

## Awards and distinctions

* 1983 – Złote Grono Award for cinematography for the film "Kartka z podróży" at the Lubuskie Film Summer Festival)
* 1984 – Cinematography Award at the Polish Film Festival
* 1985 – Nagroda Artystyczna Młodych im. Stanisława Wyspiańskiego (Stanisław Wyspiański's Youth Art Award) II degree for achievements in the field of cinematography presented in "Kartka z podróży" and "Wir")
* 1995 – Award ("Tytan" Award for cinematography for the "EB" commercial film at the "Crackfilm" Advertising Film Festival in Kraków)
* 1998 – Award (Cinematography Award for the "Mobil 1" commercial at the "Creatura" Warsaw Advertising Festival)

## Personal life

He is a father of the film operator and music producer Michał Dąbal vel Ajron.
# 2006 Tonga earthquake

The 2006 Tonga earthquake occurred on 4 May at 04:26:35 local time with a moment magnitude of 8.0 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of VII (very strong). One injury occurred and a non-destructive tsunami was observed.

## Earthquake

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Pacific Tsunami Warning Center in Hawaii issued a warning 17 minutes after the earthquake for coastal areas around the Pacific. An hour later, the center downgraded the warning to only the region within 600 miles of the epicenter, and an hour after that, it canceled the alert. The earthquake was followed by a pair of large aftershocks the next day.

## Damage

The event caused very limited damage. The previous large earthquake in Tonga, in 1977, was of a lower magnitude but resulted in more severe damage. A likely cause is that the 2006 quake generated other frequencies that only resulted in resonance in small items. In shops, cans and bottles fell from shelves.
* The century-old Catholic church in Lapaha had new cracks in the tower and several stones fell down, leaving the steeple in a somewhat unstable position.
* The tower of a 60-year-old church of the Free church of Tonga in Veitongo collapsed, the steeple came down and several walls cracked beyond repair.
* A Korean business man jumped in panic from his second floor hotel room and was hurt in the fall. He was brought to the hospital where he had to wait a long time for any help as power was off and most staff off duty (as that day was a public holiday).
* The American wharf in Nukuʻalofa sustained cracks in addition to those caused by the 1977 earthquake.
* A ship, sunk in 1949 near Toula, Vavaʻu apparently burst open and its load of copra came floating to the ocean surface.
* A landslide occurred at Hunga island in Vavaʻu, when the ground at a steep cliff along the shore began sliding into the sea.
* In Haʻapai, the islands closest to the epicentre, the wharf was damaged and a number of water-pipes and telephone lines were broken. Niuʻui hospital was damaged.

## Tsunami

Since the earthquake occurred underwater, tsunami warnings were issued, but then lifted. A small tsunami was observed. Later analysis showed the earthquake to be a slab-tearing event and so less conducive to tsunami generation.