# Del Norte County, California

Del Norte County /dɛl ˈnɔːrt/ (Spanish for "Of The North") is a county located at the far northwest corner of the U.S. state of California, along the Pacific Ocean adjacent to the Oregon border. Its population was 27,743 as of the 2020 census, down from 28,610 from the 2010 census. The county seat and only incorporated city is Crescent City. Del Norte was pioneered and populated by Azorean Portuguese settlers and dairy farmers, which may account for the local pronunciation of the county name. Locals pronounce the county name as Del Nort, not Del Nor-teh as would be expected in Spanish. Del Norte County comprises the Crescent City, CA Micropolitan Statistical Area. The rural county is notable for forests containing giant Coast Redwoods, with some attaining heights over 350 feet (110 m). This northernmost county on the California coast also has scores of unique plants and flowers, dozens of species of coastal birds and fish, rocky primitive beaches and sea stacks, pristine rivers and historic lighthouses.

## History

The area that is now known as Del Norte was and still is inhabited by the Yurok (Klamath River Indians) and Tolowa Nations of indigenous peoples. The first European American to explore this land was pioneer Jedediah Smith in the early-19th century. He was the first European American to reach the area overland on foot in a time before the European Americans knew anything about such a distant territory. For him it was literally "Land's End" — where the American continent ended at the Pacific Ocean. In 1855 Congress authorized the building of a lighthouse at "the battery point" (a high tide island on the coast of Crescent City) which is still functioning as a historical landmark.
Del Norte County was established in 1857, from part of the territory of Klamath County following the great California Gold Rush. Klamath County itself ceased to exist in 1874.

## Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,230 square miles (3,200 km$^2$), of which 1,006 square miles (2,610 km$^2$) is land and 223 square miles (580 km$^2$) (18%) is water.
The mountainous terrain associated with the Coastal Range and the Klamath Mountains dominates Del Norte County's geography. Elevation ranges from sea level to over 6,400 feet. Although much of the county is made up of steep terrain, there are small patches of flat terrain along the coast and in isolated mountain valleys. There are 37 miles of coastline in the county, forming a coastal zone that covers approximately 51,000 acres (80 square miles). A broad coastal plain can be found in the northwest portion of the county with the western edge of the Klamath Mountains as its easterly boundary. Rising abruptly from the coastal plain, the Klamath Mountains extend north into Oregon and are situated between the Cascade Range to the east and the Coast Range to the north.

### Adjacent counties

* Curry County, Oregon - northwest
* Josephine County, Oregon - northeast
* Siskiyou County - east
* Humboldt County - south

### Beach

* Pelican State Beach

### Recreation area

* Smith River National Recreation Area

### Rivers

* Klamath - one of the longest in California.
* Smith - a crown jewel of the National Wild and Scenic River program.

### Wildlife refuge

* Castle Rock National Wildlife Refuge

### Parks

* Del Norte Coast Redwoods State Park
* Jedediah Smith Redwoods State Park
* Redwood National Park
* Tolowa Dunes State Park
* Ruby Van Deventer County Park
* Florence Keller County Park

### Ecology

There is a diversity of flora and fauna within Del Norte County. Vegetative plant associations feature several forest types including mixed oak forest. The California endemic Blue oak, Quercus douglasii is at the northernmost part of its range in Del Norte County. The Black Oak and Douglas-fir are also found in Del Norte County.

## Demographics
### 2020 census

Del Norte County, California – Racial and ethnic composition Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race. :
| Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2000 | Pop 2010 | Pop 2020 | % 2000 | % 2010 | % 2020 |
| White alone (NH) | 19,294 | 18,513 | 16,262 | 70.14% | 64.71% | 58.62% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 1,167 | 967 | 841 | 4.24% | 3.38% | 3.03% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 1,593 | 1,935 | 2,136 | 5.79% | 6.76% | 7.70% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 619 | 938 | 826 | 2.25% | 3.28% | 2.98% |
| Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 18 | 26 | 28 | 0.07% | 0.09% | 0.10% |
| Other Race alone (NH) | 39 | 172 | 122 | 0.14% | 0.60% | 0.44% |
| Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) | 948 | 966 | 2,207 | 3.45% | 3.38% | 7.96% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 3,829 | 5,093 | 5,321 | 13.92% | 17.80% | 19.18% |
| Total | 27,507 | 28,610 | 27,743 | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |

### 2011 estimates

Income :
| Per capita income | $19,247 | $19,247 |
| Median household income | $37,588 | $37,588 |
| Median family income | $52,076 | $52,076 |

#### Places by population, race, and income (2011)

Places by population and race :
| Place | Type | Population | White | Other | Asian | Black or African American | Native American | Hispanic or Latino (of any race) |
| Bertsch-Oceanview | CDP | 2,729 | 77.9% | 13.6% | 1.1% | 0.0% | 7.4% | 8.1% |
| Crescent City | City | 7,673 | 54.0% | 26.9% | 3.9% | 9.9% | 5.3% | 27.7% |
| Gasquet | CDP | 551 | 100.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 14.3% |
| Hiouchi | CDP | 472 | 91.9% | 6.8% | 1.3% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 8.3% |
| Klamath | CDP | 956 | 49.0% | 21.8% | 4.0% | 0.3% | 25.0% | 8.3% |
| Smith River | CDP | 649 | 80.4% | 18.2% | 1.4% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 13.6% |
Places by population and income :
| Place | Type | Population | Per capita income | Median household income | Median family income |
| Bertsch-Oceanview | CDP | 2,729 | $19,434 | $48,205 | $58,727 |
| Crescent City | City | 7,673 | $10,350 | $30,058 | $37,143 |
| Gasquet | CDP | 551 | $19,286 | $43,750 | $55,227 |
| Hiouchi | CDP | 472 | $30,285 | $47,596 | $66,591 |
| Klamath | CDP | 956 | $16,332 | $26,172 | $28,864 |
| Smith River | CDP | 649 | $18,120 | $46,411 | $57,989 |

### 2010

The 2010 United States census reported that Del Norte County had a population of 28,610. The racial makeup of Del Norte County was 21,098 (73.7%) White, 993 (3.5%) African American, 2,244 (7.8%) Native American, 965 (3.4%) Asian, 32 (0.1%) Pacific Islander, 1,980 (6.9%) from other races, and 1,298 (4.5%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5,093 persons (17.8%).
Population reported at 2010 United States census :
| The County | Total Population | White | African American | Native American | Asian | Pacific Islander | other races | two or more races | Hispanic or Latino (of any race) |
| Del Norte County | 28,610 | 21,098 | 993 | 2,244 | 965 | 32 | 1,980 | 1,298 | 5,093 |
| Incorporated city | Total Population | White | African American | Native American | Asian | Pacific Islander | other races | two or more races | Hispanic or Latino (of any race) |
| Crescent City | 7,643 | 5,052 | 910 | 370 | 333 | 7 | 696 | 275 | 2,342 |
| Census-designated places | Total Population | White | African American | Native American | Asian | Pacific Islander | other races | two or more races | Hispanic or Latino (of any race) |
| Bertsch-Oceanview | 2,436 | 1,810 | 3 | 294 | 94 | 0 | 81 | 154 | 310 |
| Gasquet | 661 | 585 | 2 | 27 | 1 | 1 | 15 | 30 | 39 |
| Hiouchi | 301 | 267 | 0 | 11 | 6 | 2 | 8 | 7 | 11 |
| Klamath | 779 | 379 | 1 | 325 | 3 | 0 | 5 | 66 | 90 |
| Smith River | 866 | 528 | 1 | 59 | 5 | 0 | 234 | 39 | 293 |
| Unincorporated communities | Total Population | White | African American | Native American | Asian | Pacific Islander | other races | two or more races | Hispanic or Latino (of any race) |
| All others not CDPs (combined) | 15,924 | 12,477 | 76 | 1,158 | 523 | 22 | 941 | 727 | 2,008 |

### 2000

As of the census of 2000, there were 27,507 people, 9,170 households, and 6,290 families residing in the county. The population density was 27 people per square mile (10 people/km$^2$). There were 10,434 housing units at an average density of 10 per square mile (3.9/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the county was 78.9% White, 4.3% Black or African American, 6.4% Native American, 2.3% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 3.9% from other races, and 4.1% from two or more races. 13.9% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 16.2% were of German, 11.3% English, 9.1% Irish and 7.4% American ancestry according to Census 2000. 91.6% spoke English and 6.2% Spanish as their first language.
There were 9,170 households, out of which 33.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.0% were married couples living together, 13.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.4% were non-families. 25.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.58 and the average family size was 3.08.
The age distribution was 25.1% under the age of 18, 8.0% from 18 to 24, 32.2% from 25 to 44, 22.3% from 45 to 64, and 12.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 123.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 130.3 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $29,642, and the median income for a family was $36,056. Males had a median income of $40,072 versus $22,212 for females. The per capita income for the county was $14,573. About 16.4% of families and 20.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.7% of those under age 18 and 8.2% of those age 65 or over.

## Education

Del Norte County is home to a satellite campus of College of the Redwoods, a two-year college based in Humboldt County.
Del Norte County has one of just five combined county office of education-unified school district learning educational agencies (LEA) in the state of California, with one elected Board of Trustees that serves both agencies, and one superintendent overseeing both the County Office of Education, and the Unified School District.
The Del Norte County Unified School District, which covers the entire county, provides public education from pre-Kindergarten through the twelfth grade. The only high school in Del Norte County is Del Norte High School, whose school mascot is the Warrior. There are also five K-5 elementary schools (Bess Maxwell, Joe Hamilton, Margaret Keating, Mary Peacock, Pine Grove), three K-8 elementary schools (Mountain, Redwood, Smith River), and one middle school (Crescent Elk).
The County Office of Education provides special education services to the county, as well as alternative learning options that includes Community Day and juvenile detention. Alternative educational facilities are Del Norte Community Day, Elk Creek detention center, and Sunset Continuation High School.
Del Norte County has several private parochial schools and charter schools.

## Politics

Del Norte is traditionally a strongly Republican county in Presidential and congressional elections. The last Democrat to win a majority in the county was Jimmy Carter in 1976; even so, Bill Clinton received a plurality in 1992. In 2016, with Orange County flipping, Del Norte County became the only county on California's coast to vote for Donald Trump over Hillary Clinton. As of 2024, it is now the only county on California's coast that votes Republican for President.
United States presidential election results for Del Norte County, California :
| Year | Republican | Republican | Democratic | Democratic | Third party(ies) | Third party(ies) |
| Year | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % |
| 2024 | 5,999 | 56.78% | 4,266 | 40.38% | 300 | 2.84% |
| 2020 | 6,461 | 56.41% | 4,677 | 40.84% | 315 | 2.75% |
| 2016 | 5,134 | 53.71% | 3,485 | 36.46% | 939 | 9.82% |
| 2012 | 4,614 | 52.61% | 3,791 | 43.23% | 365 | 4.16% |
| 2008 | 4,967 | 52.11% | 4,323 | 45.36% | 241 | 2.53% |
| 2004 | 5,356 | 56.85% | 3,892 | 41.31% | 173 | 1.84% |
| 2000 | 4,526 | 54.57% | 3,117 | 37.58% | 651 | 7.85% |
| 1996 | 3,670 | 41.29% | 3,652 | 41.08% | 1,567 | 17.63% |
| 1992 | 3,083 | 32.96% | 3,639 | 38.91% | 2,631 | 28.13% |
| 1988 | 3,714 | 49.73% | 3,587 | 48.03% | 167 | 2.24% |
| 1984 | 3,996 | 58.41% | 2,696 | 39.41% | 149 | 2.18% |
| 1980 | 4,016 | 57.48% | 2,338 | 33.46% | 633 | 9.06% |
| 1976 | 2,481 | 45.29% | 2,789 | 50.91% | 208 | 3.80% |
| 1972 | 2,927 | 51.82% | 2,156 | 38.17% | 565 | 10.00% |
| 1968 | 2,387 | 46.19% | 2,236 | 43.27% | 545 | 10.55% |
| 1964 | 2,075 | 36.23% | 3,652 | 63.77% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1960 | 3,024 | 48.05% | 3,225 | 51.24% | 45 | 0.71% |
| 1956 | 2,918 | 53.18% | 2,552 | 46.51% | 17 | 0.31% |
| 1952 | 2,938 | 63.44% | 1,640 | 35.41% | 53 | 1.14% |
| 1948 | 1,541 | 54.26% | 1,172 | 41.27% | 127 | 4.47% |
| 1944 | 1,011 | 55.25% | 818 | 44.70% | 1 | 0.05% |
| 1940 | 1,233 | 53.56% | 1,034 | 44.92% | 35 | 1.52% |
| 1936 | 853 | 39.24% | 1,292 | 59.43% | 29 | 1.33% |
| 1932 | 637 | 30.94% | 1,319 | 64.06% | 103 | 5.00% |
| 1928 | 771 | 55.87% | 599 | 43.41% | 10 | 0.72% |
| 1924 | 530 | 52.63% | 122 | 12.12% | 355 | 35.25% |
| 1920 | 596 | 62.61% | 279 | 29.31% | 77 | 8.09% |
| 1916 | 499 | 43.81% | 471 | 41.35% | 169 | 14.84% |
| 1912 | 0 | 0.00% | 323 | 38.32% | 520 | 61.68% |
| 1908 | 450 | 59.29% | 202 | 26.61% | 107 | 14.10% |
| 1904 | 429 | 60.17% | 187 | 26.23% | 97 | 13.60% |
| 1900 | 334 | 51.78% | 291 | 45.12% | 20 | 3.10% |
| 1896 | 345 | 49.50% | 334 | 47.92% | 18 | 2.58% |
| 1892 | 235 | 36.55% | 339 | 52.72% | 69 | 10.73% |
In line with its voting habits, Del Norte's registered voting population is heavily Republican. As of October 2024, approximately 83% of eligible voters are registered to vote in Del Norte County, with approximately 29% registered as Democrats and approximately 41% registered as Republicans.
Del Norte County is in California's 2nd congressional district, represented by Democrat Jared Huffman.
In the State Assembly, Del Norte County is in the 2nd Assembly District, represented by Democrat Chris Rogers. In the State Senate, the county is in the 2nd Senate District, represented by Democrat Mike McGuire.

### Voter registration statistics

Population and registered voters :
| Total population | 28,561 | 28,561 |
| Registered voters | 12,239 | 42.9% |
| Democratic | 4,252 | 34.7% |
| Republican | 4,595 | 37.5% |
| Democratic–Republican spread | -343 | -2.8% |
| American Independent | 541 | 4.4% |
| Green | 100 | 0.8% |
| Libertarian | 90 | 0.7% |
| Peace and Freedom | 49 | 0.4% |
| Americans Elect | 0 | 0.0% |
| Other | 150 | 1.2% |
| No party preference | 2,462 | 20.1% |

#### Cities by population and voter registration

Cities by population and voter registration :
| City | Population | Registered voters | Democratic | Republican | D–R spread | Other | No party preference |
| Crescent City | 7,673 | 22.3% | 35.5% | 29.4% | +6.1% | 15.3% | 25.5% |

## Crime

The following table includes the number of incidents reported and the rate per 1,000 persons for each type of offense.
Population and crime rates :
| Population | 28,561 | 28,561 |
| Violent crime | 108 | 3.78 |
| Homicide | 1 | 0.04 |
| Forcible rape | 22 | 0.77 |
| Robbery | 11 | 0.39 |
| Aggravated assault | 74 | 2.59 |
| Property crime | 398 | 13.94 |
| Burglary | 230 | 8.05 |
| Larceny-theft | 340 | 11.90 |
| Motor vehicle theft | 73 | 2.56 |
| Arson | 5 | 0.18 |

### Cities by population and crime rates

Cities by population and crime rates :
| City | Population | Violent crimes | Violent crime rate per 1,000 persons | Property crimes | Property crime rate per 1,000 persons |
| Crescent City | 7,723 | 51 | 6.60 | 215 | 27.84 |

## Transportation
### Major highways

* U.S. Route 101
* U.S. Route 199
* State Route 169
* State Route 197

### Public transportation

Local public transit is provided by Redwood Coast Transit, which provides access to Amtrak passenger train (via Amtrak Thruway) service.

### Airports

Advanced Air conducts passenger flights to and from Jack McNamara Field Airport, operating one daily round trip flight to Oakland International Airport and Los Angeles-Hawthorne Airport. Flights are largely subsidized by an Alternate Essential Air Service grant approved by the United States Department of Transportation and issued to the Border Coast Regional Airport Authority in 2020.

### Harbor

The Crescent City Harbor serves as a commercial fishing port for salmon, shrimp, tuna, cod, and dungeness crab commercial fishing boats. Nearly 50% of all dungeness crab served in California restaurants is off-loaded in this harbor. The harbor is also home to multiple fishing and non-fishing related businesses and harbor governmental offices. The harbor also has several pleasure boat docks.

## Communities

Crescent City is the county seat of and only incorporated city in Del Norte County. Its population count includes the inmates of Pelican Bay State Prison located ten miles north of the city.

### Cities

* Crescent City

### Census-designated places

* Bertsch–Oceanview
* Fort Dick
* Gasquet
* Hiouchi
* Klamath
* Smith River
* Crescent City North – former CDP

### Other unincorporated communities

* Adams Station
* Darlingtonia
* Klamath Glen
* Pacific Shores
* Requa
* Scaath
* Yontocket

### Population ranking

The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2020 census of Del Norte County.
† county seat
| Rank | City/Town/etc. | Municipal type | Population (2020 Census) |
| 1 | † Crescent City | City | 6,673 |
| 2 | Bertsch-Oceanview | CDP | 2,520 |
| 3 | Yurok Reservation (partially in Humboldt County) | AIAN | 1,236 |
| 4 | Klamath | CDP | 1,088 |
| 5 | Fort Dick | CDP | 912 |
| 6 | Smith River | CDP | 906 |
| 7 | Gasquet | CDP | 657 |
| 8 | Hiouchi | CDP | 314 |
| 9 | Smith River Rancheria | AIAN | 160 |
| 10 | Elk Valley Rancheria | AIAN | 100 |
| 11 | Resighini Rancheria | AIAN | 33 |