OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Richard Darman

Richard Gordon Darman (May 10, 1943 – January 25, 2008) was an American businessman and government official who served in senior positions during the presidencies of Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush.

## Early life

Darman was born in Charlotte, North Carolina, the son of Eleanor F. and Morton H. Darman. His father was a textile mill owner.
Darman graduated with honors from Harvard College in 1964 and from the Harvard Graduate School of Business Administration in 1967.

## Career

Darman held several governmental positions under James Baker, including as Assistant Secretary of Commerce (1976–1977). After the defeat of Gerald Ford, Darman became a member of the faculty of Harvard Kennedy School, to which he would return on two occasions between 1977 and 2002.
When Baker became White House Chief of Staff under President Reagan, Darman returned to serve as Assistant to the President of the United States and White House Staff Secretary (1981–1985), before following Baker to the Treasury Department as Deputy Secretary of the Treasury (1985–1987).
Darman served as Director of the Office of Management and Budget for the entire presidency of the first President Bush. Darman was regarded as provocative and intelligent by Washington insiders but was criticized by some economists for being too focused on the budget deficit and was sometimes blamed for convincing Bush to renege on his promise of "Read my lips: No new taxes," which is widely believed to have contributed to Bush's defeat in the election of 1992. Darman had previously tried to stop Bush from making the promise during the 1988 campaign.
From 1993 until his death in 2008, Darman was a partner and managing director of The Carlyle Group. During that period, Carlyle went from being a small firm with 26 employees to one of the world's largest and most successful private equity firms. Darman was a trustee of the Loomis Sayles Funds, the IXIS Funds, and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. He served as Chairman of the Board of the Smithsonian National Museum of American History and, in May 2003, became Chairman of the Board of AES Corporation, an electric utility company.

## Personal life

He married Kathleen Emmet on September 1, 1967; they had three sons, William T. E., Jonathan W. E. and C. T. Emmet Darman.
Darman died on January 25, 2008, at the age of 64, following a battle with acute myelogenous leukemia.
# Kenni

Kenni is a village in Kehtna Parish, Rapla County in northern-central Estonia.
# Koogiste

Koogiste is a village in Kehtna Parish, Rapla County in northern-central Estonia. It had a station on the Tallinn - Pärnu railway line operated by Elron, which closed in December 2018.
# Anne Emmanuel de Crussol, Marquis of Amboise

Anne Emmanuel François Georges de Crussol, Marquis of Amboise (30 May 1726 – 26 July 1794) was a French nobleman and military officer who was a deputy of the Second Estate at the Estates General of 1789. He was guillotined on the penultimate day of the Reign of Terror during the French Revolution.

## Military career

On 8 December 1740, Amboise entered the French Royal Army as a musketeer and saw extensive service in the War of the Austrian Succession, beginning with the 1742 campaign in Flanders. By commission of 1 January 1743, he raised a company in the Royal-Poland cavalry regiment, which he commanded at the recapture of Weissemberg and the lines of the Lautern, at the Haguenau affair on 25 August 1744 and at the siege of Freiburg im Breisgau on 11 October 1744. On 14 December 1744, he obtained the post of second cornet of a company of the light horses of Brittany, and the rank of lieutenant-colonel of cavalry. He was at the Battle of Fontenoy on 11 May 1745, at the sieges of Tournay, Dendermonde, Oudenarde and Ath in 1745. On 1 December 1745, he joined the company of Gendarmes de Berry, and he participated with this unit at the sieges of Mons, Charleroi, Namur and at the Battle of Rocoux on 11 October 1746.
On 20 January 1747, Amboise was second lieutenant of the company of gendarmes of Flanders, with the rank of mestre-de-camp of cavalry. He fought at the Battle of Lauffeld on 2 July 1747 and served at the siege of Maastricht in 1748. On 1 February 1749, he was appointed lieutenant captain of the Berry light horse company, which he commanded in the German army in 1757 during the Seven Years' War. On 3 January 1757, Amboise was made a Knight of Order of Saint Louis. He fought at Sondershausen, the capture of Cassel, the conquest of Hesse and the battle of Lutzelbourg in 1758. He was created brigadier on 10 February 1759, and was made colonel-lieutenant of the Queen's Regiment. On 15 October 1760, he commanded the Queen's Regiment at the Battle of Kloster Kampen, and in the Army of Germany in 1761. He was promoted to Maréchal de camp on 25 July 1762, and Lieutenant General on 1 March 1780.

## French Revolution

In March 1789, he was elected deputy by the nobility of the sénéchaussée of Poitiers to the Estates General of 1789. In the National Constituent Assembly he aligned himself with reformists as the French Revolution took hold. He remained a member of the assembly until it was dissolved on 30 September 1791. He was later commissioned by the French First Republic to command a division in the French Revolutionary Army during the War of the First Coalition. In 1793, he became a suspect to the Jacobins. Amboise was arrested, put on trial and guillotined in Paris on 26 July 1794, the day before the fall of Maximilien Robespierre.

## Family

Amboise was the son of Jean Emmanuel, Marquis of Amboise and Anne Marthe Louise Maboul de Fors.
On 16 March 1747, he married Claude Angélique Bersin. She was guillotined on 10 May 1794 in Paris with Élisabeth of France, sister of Louis XVI.
# 2014 Yahyakhel suicide bombing

On 23 November 2014, a suicide bomber detonated his explosives at a volleyball match being held in the Yahyakhel District of Afghanistan's southeastern province Paktika. The explosion immediately killed at least 50 civilians and injured another 60. Many children were among the dead and wounded. By the next day, the death toll had climbed to 61.
Afghanistan's intelligence agency named the Haqqani network, which is closely aligned with the Taliban, as being behind the attack.

## Reactions

* President Ashraf Ghani, who visited some of the wounded at a military hospital in Kabul, condemned attack as "inhumane and un-Islamic," saying "this kind of brutal killing of civilians cannot be justified."
* Nicholas Haysom, head of the UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA), called the attack an "atrocity." A statement released by his spokesperson, Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon denounced the attack as "fundamentally abhorrent" and expressed his "steadfast solidarity with the people of Afghanistan in refusing to be cowed by such attacks."
# Elizabeth Tasker

Elizabeth Mary Tasker is an Australian fire ecologist. She obtained a PhD in Science at the University of Sydney in 2002. She is a researcher at the NSW Office of Environment and Heritage, and previously worked for the University of Wollongong and for The Australian Museum carrying out biological surveys in Melanesia. Her main area of expertise is the effects of fire and fire management on native animals and plants. She was a Vice-President, and subsequently (to 2015) Director, of the Ecological Society of Australia, the largest professional association of scientists in Australia, and a published wildlife photographer.

## Selected publications

* Tasker, Em; Dickman, Cr (2001). "A review of Elliott trapping methods for small mammals in Australia". Australian Mammalogy. 23 (2): 77. doi:10.1071/AM01077. ISSN 0310-0049.
* Tasker, Elizabeth M.; Bradstock, Ross A. (2006). "Influence of cattle grazing practices on forest understorey structure in north-eastern New South Wales". Austral Ecology. 31 (4): 490–502. doi:10.1111/j.1442-9993.2006.01597.x. ISSN 1442-9993.
* Tasker, Elizabeth M. (2004). "Wildlife, Fire and Future Climate: A Forest Ecosystem Analysis". Austral Ecology. 29 (3): 361–362. doi:10.1111/j.1442-9993.2004.01411.x. ISSN 1442-9993.
# Les Marches

Les Marches (French pronunciation:) is a former commune in the Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Porte-de-Savoie.

## Twin towns

It is twinned with
* Stepps and Cardowan near Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom. Les Marches translates in English as 'The Steps' and it was this connection that was noticed by a Les Marches resident in 1995 on a visit to Scotland.
# 1744 in Scotland

"none" is preferred when the title is already sufficiently detailed; see [[WP:SDNONE]]
Events from the year 1744 in Scotland.

## Incumbents

* Secretary of State for Scotland: The Marquess of Tweeddale

### Law officers

* Lord Advocate – Robert Craigie
* Solicitor General for Scotland – Robert Dundas, the younger

### Judiciary

* Lord President of the Court of Session – Lord Culloden
* Lord Justice General – Lord Ilay
* Lord Justice Clerk – Lord Milton

## Events

* Alexander Bryce's "A Map of the North Coast of Britain", the first to show the Caithness coastline accurately, is published.
* The Honourable Company of Edinburgh Golfers established on Leith Links.
* Possible date – Edinburgh Skating Club established.

## Births

* 13 February – David Allan, genre painter (died 1796)
* 6 October – James McGill, entrepreneur and philanthropist in Canada (died 1813 in Canada)
* 17 October – Andrew Duncan, physician (died 1828)
* 31 October – James Craig, architect, planner of the New Town, Edinburgh (died 1795)

## Deaths

* 28 January – Thomas Innes, Catholic priest and historian (born 1662; died in France)
* 2 March – William Maxwell, 5th Earl of Nithsdale, Jacobite (born 1676; died in Italy)
# Doctors Hospital, Lahore

Doctors Hospital and Medical Center is a 250-bed private, for-profit hospital located in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. It is attached to Lahore Medical and Dental College as a teaching hospital.
In 1996, a small group of Pakistani doctors practicing in the United States held a retreat in Pennsylvania to discuss the creation of a new medical facility in Pakistan. These doctors moved back to Pakistan and started to build the Doctors' Hospital and Medical Center. Many colleagues from different specialties joined the core group, and the hospital was established in 2000.

## Death of a 3-year-old

In 2015, the Pakistan Medical and Dental Council (PMDC) held Doctors Hospital responsible for the death of three-year-old Imanae Malik six years earlier. Despite being found guilty of negligence, the PMDC fined the hospital only Rs 100,000 "for being responsible for this sad incident which could have been avoided if the hospital management was vigilant in its administration”.

## Research Center

The new department of research are working to research on diabetes and cancer in collaboration with shaukat khanum hospital.

## Departments

Doctors Hospital and Medical Center has following departments.
* Cancer Center
* Cardiac Surgery
* Cardiology
* Clinical Nutrition
* Dermatology
* Diabetes and Endocrinology
* Emergency Care
* Ear, Nose and Throat
* Gastroenterology
* General Surgery
* Hematology and Oncology
* Hepato – Pancreatico – Billary and Liver Transplant Surgery
* Internal Medicine
* Kidney Transplantation
* Microbiology
* Nephrology and Dialysis
* Neurology
* Nuclear Medicine
* Obstetrics and Gynecology
* Ophthalmology
* Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
* Orthopaedic Surgery
* Pathology
* Pediatric Oncology
* Pediatrics
* Physical Therapy
* Plastic Surgery
* Psychiatry
* Pulmonology
* Radiology
* Speech Therapist
* Surgical Oncology
* Urology
* Vascular Surgery
# Affirm Films

Affirm Films is an American independent Christian film studio producing, marketing, and acquiring faith-based films. A subsidiary of Sony Pictures Worldwide Acquisitions, the studio's highest-grossing faith-based dramas are Heaven is for Real, Miracles from Heaven, and War Room. Its films have collectively grossed over $570 million in worldwide box office receipts.

## Filmography

Following is a list of films produced and distributed by Affirm Films.
| Film No. | Title | Release Date | Budget | Box office |
| 1 | Fireproof | September 26, 2008 | $500,000 | $33.5 million |
| 2 | Hachi: A Dog's Tale | 2010 | $16 million | $46.7 million |
| 3 | The Grace Card | February 25, 2011 | $200,000 | $2.4 million |
| 4 | Soul Surfer | April 8, 2011 | $18 million | $47.1 million |
| 5 | Courageous | September 30, 2011 | $2 million | $35.2 million |
| 6 | Adventures in Zambezia | July 3, 2012 | R173 million ($20 million) | $34.4 million |
| 7 | Moms' Night Out | May 9, 2014 | $5 million | $10.5 million |
| 8 | When the Game Stands Tall | August 22, 2014 | $15 million | $30.1 million |
| 9 | The Remaining | September 5, 2014 | n/a | $2.3 million |
| 10 | War Room | August 28, 2015 | $3 million | $74 million |
| 11 | Risen | February 19, 2016 | $20 million | $46.3 million |
| 12 | Miracles from Heaven | March 16, 2016 | $13 million | $73.8 million |
| 13 | All Saints | August 25, 2017 | $2 million | $5.9 million |
| 14 | The Star | November 17, 2017 | $20 million | $62.8 million |
| 15 | Paul, Apostle of Christ | March 23, 2018 | $5 million | $25.5 million |
| 16 | Overcomer | August 23, 2019 | $5 million | $37.9 million |
| 17 | Show Me the Father | September 10, 2021 | n/a | $1.9 million |
| 18 | Big George Foreman | April 28, 2023 | $32 million | $3.7 million |
| 19 | Journey to Bethlehem | November 10, 2023 | $6 million | $7.8 million |
| 20 | The Forge | August 23, 2024 | $5 million | $40.2 million |
| | TOTALS | | $131 million | $570.8 million |
# On Praying Ground

On Praying Ground is an album by the American musician Doc Watson, released in 1990. It is a collection of gospel songs. The version of "I'm Gonna Lay My Burdens Down" was inspired by Mississippi John Hurt's arrangement.
At the Grammy Awards of 1991, On Praying Ground won the Grammy Award for Best Traditional Folk Album.
Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |

## Track listing

* "You Must Come in at the Door" (Sunny Skylar, Doc Watson) – 2:15
* "Precious Lord" (Daniels, Jones) – 3:30
* "On Praying Ground" (Traditional) – 2:25
* "I'll Live On" (T.J. Laney) – 2:34
* "Gathering Buds" (James Rowe, James Vaughan) – 2:56
* "Beautiful Golden Somewhere" (L. H. Parthemore) – 3:14
* "I'm Gonna Lay My Burdens Down" (Traditional) – 3:38
* "We'll Work 'Til Jesus Comes" (William Miller, Elizabeth Mills) – 2:43
* "The Ninety & Nine" (Elizabeth Clephane, Ira Sankey) – 2:31
* "Farther Along" (Rev. W. B. Stevens) – 4:15
* "Christmas Lullaby" (Traditional) – 2:04
* "Did Christ O'Er Sinners Weep" (Benjamin Beddome) – 2:12
* "Uncloudy Day" (Josiah K. Alwood) – 3:00

## Personnel

* Doc Watson – guitar, banjo, harmonica, vocals
* T. Michael Coleman – bass, harmony vocals
* Sam Bush – mandolin
* Jerry Douglas – dobro
* Alan O'Bryant – guitar, harmony vocals
* Jack Lawrence – guitar
* Roland White – guitar, harmony vocals
* Stuart Duncan – fiddle, mandolin, guitar, harmony vocals
* Roy "Junior" Huskey – bass
Production notes
* Produced by T. Michael Coleman
* Engineered by Bill Vorn Dick
* Mastered by James Lloyd
* Photography by Will & Deni McIntyre
# Multi-National Force West

Multi-National Forces West (MNF-W) or United States Forces West (USF-W) was one of the coalition headquarters under Multi-National Force-Iraq. It was headquartered by either I or II U.S. Marine Expeditionary Force that rotated on a 12-month basis. Their area of operations was primarily the Al Anbar province which includes the cities of Ar Ramadi, Fallujah, Al-Qa'im, and Haditha. The force was the most important U.S. unit to take part in the Iraq War in Al Anbar Governorate.
Among the smaller multinational units operating within MNF-W was a platoon from the Azerbaijani Armed Forces.

## Commanders

During the Iraq War, the Marine Corps regularly rotated command of MNF-W between the 1st and 2nd Marine Expeditionary Forces.
| MEF | Commander | From | To |
| I MEF | James T. Conway | March 2004 | September 2004 |
| I MEF | John F. Sattler | September 2004 | February 2005 |
| II MEF | Stephen T. Johnson | February 2005 | February 2006 |
| I MEF | Richard C. Zilmer | February 2006 | February 2007 |
| II MEF | Walter Gaskin | February 2007 | February 2008 |
| I MEF | John F. Kelly | February 2008 | February 2009 |
| II MEF | Richard Tryon | February 2009 | January 23, 2010 |
For convenience, these changes of command are listed below and the Marine command in MNF-W is simply referred to as "MEF":
As the Marine Corps withdrew from Al Anbar Governorate, by September 2009 they were replaced by a single brigade, the 1st Brigade of the 82nd Airborne Division. The brigade was bolstered with an additional 16 advisers, though this did not reach the 48 assigned advisors that were supposed to be part of an 'Advise and Assist' brigade.
# Hunnic War

Hunnic War may refer to:
# Greenhouse Item

Greenhouse-Item was an American nuclear test conducted on May 25, 1951, as part of Operation Greenhouse at the Pacific Proving Ground, specifically on the island of Engebi in the Eniwetok Atoll in the Central Pacific Ocean. This test explosion was the second test of a boosted fission weapon, the second instance of artificial thermonuclear fusion, following the Greenhouse George test on May 9.

## Description

In this test deuterium-tritium (D-T) gas was injected into the enriched uranium core of a nuclear fission bomb. The extreme heat of the fissioning bomb produced thermonuclear fusion reactions within the D-T gas, but not enough of them to be considered a full nuclear fusion bomb. This fusion reaction released a large number of free neutrons, which greatly increased the efficiency of the nuclear fission reaction. The explosive yield of this bomb was 45.5 kilotons, about twice the yield of the unboosted bomb.
The device was code-named "Booster" in its development stages, a name for the mechanism coined by Edward Teller in September 1947. Planning for it had begun in the late 1940s. According to the researcher Chuck Hansen, it was mentioned in official U.S. Atomic Energy Commission documents as early as 1947. The main problems in development were making modifications to the fission core to accept the gas correctly without reducing its own efficiency. The 1951 test was primarily to test the nuclear principles involved, and to gain research data, and it was not considered a design for a weaponizable device. Even as late as 1954, no boosted weapon had entered into the nuclear-weapons stockpile, and the only use for the Greenhouse Item nuclear test had been for its research results.
The "Booster" device was detonated at 6:17 am on May 25, 1951, from a 200-foot-tall (61 m) shot tower on the island of Engebi in the Enewetok Atoll, and its fusion fuel was injected by means of a cryogenic pump at the base of the tower.

## Gallery

* Item fireball.
* Device being raised upward towards its shot-tower.
* Preparing the "booster" for the test.
* The Item casing.
# Ilhéu de Cima (Porto Santo)

Ilhéu de Cima is a small island about 400 meters off the east coast of Porto Santo Island, Madeira, Portugal. Its area is 30.07 ha (74.3 acres). The islet is 121 meters high, bare and nearly flat, with steep cliffs towards the sea. It is the easternmost point of the Madeira archipelago. It is part of the Network of Marine Protected Areas of Porto Santo (RAMPPS), which covers the six islets around Porto Santo and the marine areas surrounding them. There is a lighthouse on the northeastern part of the island. It is a 15 m high masonry tower, with focal height 124 m. It went into operation in 1901.

## Nature

The island is home to several endemic species of land snails, including Lampadia webbiana, Amphorella cimensis, and Hystricella turricula, which only occurs on Ilhéu de Cima.
# Triopas

In Greek mythology, Triopas (/ˈtraɪəpəs/) or Triops (/ˈtraɪ.əps, ˈtraɪˌɒps/; Ancient Greek: Τρίωψ, gen.: Τρίοπος) was the name of several characters whose relations are unclear.
* Triopas, king of Argos and son of Phorbas. His daughter was Messene.
* Triopas, king of Thessaly, and son of Poseidon and princess Canace, daughter of King Aeolus of Aeolia. He was the brother of Aloeus, Epopeus, Hopleus and Nireus. Triopas was the husband of Myrmidon's daughter Hiscilla, by whom he became the father of Iphimedeia, Phorbas and Erysichthon. He destroyed a temple of Demeter in order to obtain materials for roofing his own house, and was punished by insatiable hunger as well as being plagued by a snake which inflicted illness on him. Eventually Demeter placed him and the snake among the stars as the constellation Ophiuchus to remind others of his crime and punishment. A city in Caria was named Triopion after him.
* Triopas, one of the Heliadae, sons of Helios and Rhodos and grandson of Poseidon. Triopas, along with his brothers, Macar, Actis and Candalus, were jealous of a fifth brother, Tenages's, skill at science, and killed him. When their crime was discovered, Triopas escaped to Caria and seized a promontory which received his name (the Triopian Promontory). Later, he founded the city of Knidos. There was a statue of him and his horse at Delphi, an offering by the people of Knidos.
The name's popular etymology is "he who has three eyes" (from τρι- "three" + -ωπ- "see") but the ending -ωψ, -οπος suggests a Pre-Greek origin.
# William Sturgeon

William Sturgeon (/ˈstɜːrdʒən/; 22 May 1783 – 4 December 1850) was an English electrical engineer and inventor who made the first electromagnet and the first practical electric motor.

## Early life

Sturgeon was born on 22 May 1783 in Whittington, near Carnforth, Lancashire, and became apprenticed to a shoemaker.

## Career

Sturgeon joined the army in 1802 and taught himself mathematics and physics. In 1824 he became lecturer in Science and Philosophy at the East India Company's Military Seminary at Addiscombe, Surrey, and in the following year he exhibited his first electromagnet. He displayed its power by lifting nine pounds with a seven-ounce piece of iron wrapped with wire through which a current from a single battery was sent.
In 1832 he was appointed to the lecturing staff of the Adelaide Gallery of Practical Science in London, where he first demonstrated the DC electric motor incorporating a commutator.
In 1836 he established the journal Annals of Electricity, Magnetism and Chemistry, and in the same year he invented a galvanometer.
Sturgeon was a close associate of John Peter Gassiot and Charles Vincent Walker, and the three were instrumental in founding the London Electrical Society in 1837.
In 1840 he became superintendent of the Royal Victoria Gallery of Practical Science in Manchester. He formed a close social circle with John Davies, one of the Gallery's promoters, and Davies's student James Prescott Joule, a circle that eventually extended to include Edward William Binney and the surgeon John Leigh. The Gallery closed in 1842, and he earned a living by lecturing and demonstrating.
In 1843 he started the monthly journal, The Annals of Philosophical Discovery and Monthly Reporter of the Progress of Practical Science; issue 1 of volume 1 is dated July 1843. Each month's issue contains a mixture of original "long" papers (over 5 pages long), republished papers from foreign journals (translated where necessary) and shorter articles. However, the journal did not prove successful, and ceased publication at the end of volume 1, in December 1843. This single volume is archived at Internet.org.

## Death and burial

Sturgeon died in Prestwich, Lancashire (now in Greater Manchester) on 4 December 1850. He is buried there, in the churchyard of the St Mary the Virgin: he is identified on his grave slab as "William Sturgeon – The Electrician".