OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 2019 Yamagata earthquake

The 2019 Yamagata earthquake (山形県沖地震, Yamagata-ken Oki Jishin) was an earthquake of magnitude 6.4 M$_w$ which struck primarily the Hokuriku region in Japan on 18 June 2019 at 22:22 JST (13:22 UTC). The epicenter was close to the city of Tsuruoka, Yamagata. A tsunami warning was also issued.

## Geology

The northwestern side of Honshu lies on the southeastern margin of the Sea of Japan, an area of oceanic crust created by back-arc spreading from the late Oligocene to middle Miocene. The extensional tectonics associated with the spreading formed a series of N–S trending extensional faults and associated basins. The crust in this area is subjected to east–west compression associated with the convergent boundary between the Amur Plate and the Okhotsk microplate. As a result of this strain, the north–south trending extensional faults are reactivated in a reverse sense. The 1964 Niigata earthquake, the 1983 Sea of Japan earthquake, and the 1993 Hokkaidō earthquake were all a result of similar processes.

## Damage and effects

The magnitude 6.4 earthquake triggered a tsunami advisory for three prefectures in Japan. A tsunami with a height of 10 cm was reported in Niigata. The earthquake damaged a total of 149 homes in Akita, Niigata, and Yamagata prefectures.

### Casualties

Twenty-six people were reported to be injured, mostly by fallen debris.

### Transportation

Sections of the Nihonkai-Tōhoku Expressway and Yamagata Expressway were closed by the East Nippon Expressway Company. National Route 345 was blocked by fallen debris in Murakami.

### Utilities

Tohoku Electric Power announced that a blackout occurred in parts of Yamagata and Niigata prefectures because of the earthquake, with 1000 customers impacted in Tsuruoka and 200 customers impacted in Sakata. As a safety precaution, gas services were interrupted in Niigata Prefecture.

## Seismic intensity

This chart describes the maximum perceived shaking using the Japan Meteorological Agency seismic intensity scale, or Shindo scale, for the earthquake throughout the impacted area.
Cities and municipalities impacted by a seismic intensity level of 5 or more :
| Intensity | Prefecture | City or municipality name |
| 6+ | Niigata | Murakami |
| 6- | Yamagata | Atsumigawa, Tsuruoka |
| 5+ | Yamagata | Atsumi, Tsuruoka, Michidamachi, Tsuruoka |
| 5- | Niigata | Nagaoka, Kashiwazaki, Aga |
| 5- | Yamagata | Other areas in Tsuruoka, Sakata, Ōkura, Mikawa |
| 5- | Akita | Yurihonjō |
# DeLima v. Bidwell

DeLima v. Bidwell, 182 U.S. 1 (1901), was one of a group of the first Insular Cases decided by the US Supreme Court.
The case was argued on January 8–11, 1901 and was decided on May 27, 1901.

## Background

The DeLima Sugar Importing Company sued George R. Bidwell, Collector of the Port of New York, to recover duties on sugar imported from Puerto Rico after 1899, when Puerto Rico was ceded to the United States. DeLima argued that the Collector had no authority to collect those duties since Puerto Rico had been annexed by the United States.
The lower appellate court held the following:
* Although the Collector had the right to challenge the factual sufficiency, he was barred from challenging federal jurisdiction on the basis of wrongful removal where the case was removed upon his own petition.
* The Customs Administrative Act did not decide whether the sugar was imported from a foreign country and so the court case was a proper legal action.
* Puerto Rico was not a foreign country for tariff purposes but was a United States territory because by the Treaty of Paris, the district was ceded to and in the possession of the United States. It was not necessary for an Act of Congress to embrace the territory for the purpose of tariff laws. Therefore, the duties on sugar were illegal, and DeLima Sugar Importing Company was entitled to a refund of its duties on sugar.

## Decision

The Supreme Court ruled 5–4 that Puerto Rico, since its cession to the United States by the Treaty of Paris (1898), was not a foreign country for the purposes of US tariff laws, which required payment of duties on goods moving into the United States from a foreign country. In the absence of congressional legislation, the US government could not collect customs duties on sugar from Puerto Rico shipped to other parts of the United States by classifying Puerto Rico as a foreign country.
The majority opinion was authored by Justice Henry Billings Brown and joined by Justices Melville Fuller, John Marshall Harlan, Rufus Wheeler Peckham and David Josiah Brewer.
Justice Joseph McKenna authored a dissenting opinion, which was joined by Justices George Shiras, Jr., and Edward Douglass White. Justice Horace Gray authored a separate dissenting opinion.
The decision is similar to Downes v. Bidwell, 182 U.S. 244 (1901), which was decided on the same date.

## Contemporary reaction

In 2023, the ACLU condemned the case's description of inhabitants of Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines as "savage tribes".
They claimed these rulings "still prevent millions of people — overwhelmingly, people of color — from accessing certain constitutional rights and protections. These rulings continue to uphold systemic racism today".
# Michael Evans (actor)

John Michael Evans (27 July 1920 – 4 September 2007) was an English actor best known for starring in the original 1951 Broadway production of Gigi with Audrey Hepburn, and later as Colonel Douglas Austin on the American soap opera The Young and the Restless.

## Biography

Evans was born on 27 July 1920 in Sittingbourne, Kent; to John Evans, a cricketer and First World War Royal Flying Corps pilot and double prisoner-of-war escapee who wrote the 1926 novel, The Escaping Club, and his wife, the former Marie Galbraith, an Irish concert violinist. Evans later told the Toronto Star in a 1992 interview on his return to "My Fair Lady" touring Russia, that aged 12, he decided to be an actor after seeing Sir John Gielgud on stage in "Richard II".
During the Second World War he was a Royal Air Force navigator, and flew during the Blitz. He returned to Winchester College and graduated in 1943, and then studied acting with the Old Vic company, with whom he made his stage debut in London's West End theatre in 1948 as a member of the Old Vic company.
Evans then moved to the United States, making his New York debut in the Broadway theatre production of "Ring Round the Moon". Evans then played opposite a young Audrey Hepburn in "Gigi" in 1951. He then took on the role of Henry Higgins in a touring production of My Fair Lady. Evans returned to Broadway in Mary, Mary and made the move to Hollywood when he took a role in Bye Bye Birdie (1963). While in Hollywood, he took on many guest starring roles in shows such as: The Man from U.N.C.L.E., Combat!, Perry Mason and his best known television role as Colonel Douglas Austin on The Young and the Restless. In the early '80s he played Britain's greatest detective, "Sherlock Holmes" in "Sherlock and Me".

### Personal life

In 1948, Evans married Pat Wedgewood. The couple had two sons (Nick and Christopher), and divorced in 1983. His second wife, Pat Sigris Evans, died in 1995, with whom he had no children.
Evans died in a Woodland Hills assisted-living facility on 4 September 2007, of complications related to age. He was buried in Forest Lawn – Hollywood Hills Cemetery.

## Select filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1950 | Blackout | Guy Sinclair | |
| 1951 | The Six Men | Hunter | |
| 1951 | Appointment with Venus | 2nd Officer - Com.Ops | |
| 1963 | Bye Bye Birdie | Claude Paisley | |
| 1965 | Combat! | Maj Cole-Hughes | S04 E13 - Luck with Rainbows |
| 1966 | The Plainsman | Estrick | |
| 1967 | Riot on Sunset Strip | Frank Tweedy | |
| 1967 | The Rat Patrol | Col Windsor | S01 E20, The Last Chance Raid |
| 1967 | The Love-Ins | Rev. Spencer | |
| 1969 | The Thousand Plane Raid | Group Commander Leslie Hardwicke | |
| 1974 | Oliver Twist | N/A | Voice role |
| 1979 | Time After Time | Sergeant | |
| 1982 | The Sword and the Sorcerer | King Ludwig | |
| 1983 | Olivia | Chairman | |
# Antony House

Antony House is an early 18th-century property in the care of the National Trust. It is located between the town of Torpoint and the village of Antony in the county of Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is a Grade I listed building.
The house is faced in silvery-grey Pentewan stone, flanked by colonnaded wings of mellow brick and overlooks the River Lynher. It was built for Sir William Carew, 5th Baronet between 1718 and 1724, and ever since has continued as the primary residence of the Carew family, who have owned the estate since the mid-16th century. Sir John Carew Pole, 12th Baronet gave the house and formal gardens into the care of the National Trust in 1961, on the understanding that the family could continue to reside there. Sir Tremayne Carew Pole, 14th Baronet, and his wife Charlotte currently live there with their two children.
The house and gardens are open to the public between March and October.

## Collections and furnishings

Antony House hosts a splendid collection of portraits, including a portrait of Charles I of England at his trial, (Charles I granted a baronetcy to the Poles in 1628). The collection contains some of Sir Joshua Reynolds' works, and a portrait of Rachel Carew, believed to have inspired Daphne du Maurier's novel My Cousin Rachel.
Rooms are heavily panelled in Dutch Oak and contain fine collections of 18th-century furnishings and textiles.

## Gardens and estate

The grounds were landscaped by Georgian garden designer Humphry Repton and include the formal garden with the National Collection of Day Lilies. In the early 19th century, yew hedges and topiary were added to the formal landscaping. Adorning the gardens are stone carvings from North West India, a Burmese temple bell brought to Antony by General Sir Reginald Pole Carew, statuary and more recently acquired modern sculptures, including the Antony Cone water sculpture by William Pye. This echoes the grand spectacle of the topiary yew cone nearby, which is almost as tall as the house itself. Other sculptures include Jupiter Stone by Peter Randall-Page and Hypercone by Simon Thomas.
Other notable features include a black walnut tree, cork tree, a Japanese ornamental pond and knot garden. The dovecote dates from the 18th century, while a folly has been added recently in the estate grounds.

### Antony Woodland Garden

This informal woodland garden of 60 acres (24 ha) is owned by the Carew Pole Garden Trust and noted for its rhododendrons, azaleas, camellias and magnolias. It is recognised by the International Camelia Society as a "Garden of Excellence". There are walks down to the River Lynher. The Bath House situated in the Wilderness area of the garden is from the 18th century.

## Film location

Filming for the 2010 Disney film production of Alice in Wonderland, directed by Tim Burton, took place in the grounds of Antony House in September 2008. The estate was also used as a location for a Rosamunde Pilcher TV movie by German company ZDF with director Dieter Kehler.
# HiSoft Systems

HiSoft Systems is a software company based in the UK, creators of a range of programming tools for microcomputers in 1980s and 1990s.

## Products

Their first products were Pascal and assembler implementations for the NASCOM 1 and 2 kit-based computers, followed by Pascal and C for ZX Spectrum computers, as well as a BASIC compiler for this platform and a C compiler for CP/M. While compilers for the ZX Spectrum were typical products for this platform, with integrated editor, compiler and runtime environment fitting in RAM together with program's source, the C compiler for CP/M was typical for this operating system, batch operated, with separate compilation and linking stages.
Their most well-known products were the Devpac assembler IDE environments (earlier known as GenST and GenAm for the Atari ST and Amiga, respectively). The Devpac IDE was a full editor/assembler/debugger environment written entirely in 68k assembler and was a favourite tool among programmers on the Atari GEM platform.
HiSoft also sold HiSoft BASIC and Power BASIC, HiSoft C Interpreter for the Amiga, Atari ST, Aztec C, Personal Pascal, and FTL Modula-2. They also produced WERCS, the WIMP Environment Resource Construction Set.

## Background

The business was created in 1980 and was based in Dunstable, Bedfordshire before relocating to the village of Greenfield in the same county.
In November 2001, HiSoft's staff were employed by Maxon Computer Limited, the UK arm of MAXON Computer GmbH. to work on Cinema 4D.
David Link, the founder and owner, ran a café in the village of Emsworth for a year until July 2007 and a restaurant/bar/guest house in Shanklin, Isle of Wight, from 2010 until January 2015.
# HD 24160

HD 24160 is a single star in the equatorial constellation of Eridanus. It has the Bayer designation g Eridani. It is visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.17. The distance to HD 24160 can be estimated from its annual parallax shift of 14.98 mas, yielding a separation of 218 light years. It is moving further from the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of +2 km/s. This object is a coronal member of the Ursa Major Moving Group of stars that share a common motion through space.
At the age of 1.76 billion years old, HD 24160 is an evolved G-type giant star with a stellar classification of G7 III, having consumed the hydrogen at its core and tracked away from the main sequence. It has 2.33 times the mass of the Sun and has expanded to about 11 times the Sun's radius. The star is radiating 81.3 times the Sun's luminosity from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,948 K.
# Gangafani and Yoro massacres

On June 17, 2019, ethnic Fulani militiamen attacked Dogon civilians in the villages of Gangafani and Yoro, in Koro Cercle, Mali, killing 41 people.

## Prelude

A week prior to the massacre, Fulani herdsmen killed over 35 Dogon civilians in the village of Sobane Da, also in Koro Cercle. In response, the Malian army arrested dozens of Fulani herdsmen in the area, accusing them of perpetrating the massacre. A survivor of the Gangafani and Yoro massacre stated that the assailants told him that the massacre was retaliation for residents of the villages giving information about the Sobane Da perpetrators to the Malian and Burkinabe armies.

## Massacre

The massacre began on the evening of June 17, when around a hundred armed men on motorbikes attacked the villages. A survivor of the attack, Abdoulaye Goro, stated in an interview that around 40 Fulani militants intercepted his vehicle while he was on his way to his father's funeral. The militants forced everyone out of the cars, and brought them through the bush to a location with around 100 other people. The militants were only looking for people from Yoro and Gangafani. Those that were brought aside and shot. Goro, having not been from the villages, was released afterward.
The Malian army sent out several patrol groups in the days following the massacre, with one being ambushed on June 18 near Banguimalam.

## Aftermath

Goundjou Poudiougou, the municipal chancellor in Dinangourou, Koro Cercle, stated that the perpetrators were likely jihadists because they burned and gutted bodies while shouting "Allahu akbar", the modus operandi of several jihadist groups. Adama Dionko, the chairman of the Collective Association of Dogon People, corroborated Poudiougou's claims, stating that the perpetrators of the Gangafani and Yoro massacre were the same ones who perpetrated the Sobane Da massacre. An internal UN document later assessed the massacre was perpetrated by Fulani militants.
On June 18, the Malian prosecutor for war crimes gave a provisional death toll of 14 dead. That same day, an anonymous military source and local officials told AFP 40 people were killed. The mayor of Yoro, Issiaka Ganame, stated that 41 people were killed, including 17 from Gangafani and 24 in Yoro. Abdoulaye Goro corroborated Ganame's claims, stating he saw around twenty dead bodies in Yoro and 17 in Gangafani, also claiming that the perpetrators returned to Gangafani to kill a survivor who had tipped off Malian authorities.
The Malian government gave a toll of 38 killed, and later the UN gave a toll of 41 killed and 750 refugees.
# European Forum for Urban Security

The European Forum for Urban Security (Efus) is a non-governmental organisation established in 1987 in Barcelona under the auspices of the Council of Europe supporting a network of more than 250 European local authorities in 16 countries.

## Goals

Efus aims to:
* Advocate a balanced view of security through crime prevention, social cohesion and sanction
* Strengthen crime prevention policies
* Promote the role of local authorities at both a national and European level

## Associations and Coalitions

Efus works with the majority of the 27 member states of the European Union and has a consultative status in the field of crime prevention within the United Nations, the Council of Europe, and the European Commission. It is a member of the Civil Society Forum on Drugs. It assists with the work carried out by the European Union Crime Prevention Network.
Efus is a founding member and Secretary of the International Centre for the Prevention of Crime. It is also the Regional Vice President of the Global Network on Safer Cities, led by UN Habitat, representing Europe. In 1998, Efus was awarded an honorific prize by the United Nations Settlements Programme.
On other continents, Efus supports the development of African and Latin American forums.

## Efus Executive Committee

The European Forum is led by an Executive Committee of 33 cities, elected annually by the member cities of the Forum, presided by Willy Demeyer, Mayor of Liege, and vice presided by the cities of Amiens (FR), Rotterdam (NL), Stuttgart (DE) and the Generalitat de Catalunya (ES).

## National Forums

National Forums were created in Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, and Spain.

## Membership

The European Forum organises for its members EU-funded exchange projects, training programmes and technical assistance missions, and helps them access EU funds. Based on the principle of “cities helping cities”, Efus members share and compare their experience and expertise in order to strengthen their local security policies and to contribute to the development of European crime prevention policies. Efus represents its members at various levels of government in order to advocate the principles it defends and to bridge the gap between citizens, local authorities and national and European policy makers.
# Virgin Galactic Unity 21

Virgin Galactic Unity 21 was a sub-orbital spaceflight of the SpaceShipTwo-class VSS Unity which took place on 22 May 2021, piloted by David Mackay and co-piloted by Frederick Sturckow. It was the first human spaceflight from the state of New Mexico. It was operated by Virgin Galactic, a private company led by Richard Branson which intends to conduct space tourism flights in the future. Unity 21 was the first human spaceflight to be launched from Spaceport America.
Reaching an apogee of 55.45 mi (89.24 km), the flight satisfied the United States definition of spaceflight (50 mi (80.47 km)), but fell short of the Kármán line (100 km (62.14 mi)), the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale definition.

## Crew

| Position | Astronaut | Astronaut |
| Pilot | David Mackay Second spaceflight | David Mackay Second spaceflight |
| Co-pilot | Frederick Sturckow Sixth spaceflight | Frederick Sturckow Sixth spaceflight |
Flights are currently only by U.S Convention.

## Flight

On 22 May 2021, Unity's mother ship VMS Eve carried it into flight in a parasite configuration. At 15:26 UTC, Unity was drop launched. Pilots MacKay and Sturckow flew Unity at a maximum speed of Mach 3 to a maximum altitude of over 89.23 km (292,700 ft). This altitude surpassed the 50-mile limit used in the United States to denote the limit of space, but fell short of the Kármán line. Both craft landed safely afterwards.
# Mary Francesca Bosworth

Mary Francesca Bosworth is Professor of Criminology at the University of Oxford where she founded and co-directs the international research network Border Criminologies. She is the author of a number of books, including Engendering Resistance: Agency and Power in Women’s Prisons (1999), Explaining U.S. Imprisonment (2010), (with Carolyn Hoyle) the edited book What is Criminology? (2011), (with Katja Aas) the edited book The Borders of Punishment (2013), Inside Immigration Detention (2014), Bordered Lives (2020) with Khadija von Zinnenburg Carrol and Christoph Balzar, and Supply Chain Justice (2025). From 2009-2024 Mary Bosworth was the UK Editor-in-Chief of the journal Theoretical Criminology.

## Life

Bosworth studied arts at the University of Western Australia. She then attended the University of Cambridge where she gained an MPhil and a doctoral degree in criminology. She worked in the United States for eight years, returning to the United Kingdom in 2004. She is currently Professor of Criminology and Fellow of St Cross College at the University of Oxford in England.

## Work

Bosworth has published a number of papers and books on race, gender and citizenship, particularly on prisons and immigration detention. Her research is international and comparative. She has worked in Paris, Britain, the USA and Australia. In all her work Bosworth examines how individuals negotiate the institutional constraints of their confinement and how that confinement reinforces and is reinforced by their prior experience of poverty, violence and abuse. In summer 2012 Bosworth was awarded a 5-year European Research Council Starter Grant.
# Journal of Business Research

The Journal of Business Research is a monthly peer-reviewed academic journal covering research on all aspects of business. It was established in 1973 and is published by Elsevier. The editors-in-chief are Dipayan Biswas (University of South Florida) and Mirella Kleijnen (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam).

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in Current Contents/Social & Behavioral Sciences, PsycINFO/Psychological Abstracts, RePEc, Scopus, and the Social Sciences Citation Index. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2023 impact factor of 10.5
# Kuicaoxi

Kuicaoxi (Chinese: 喹草烯) is a phenoxy herbicide registered for use in China. Its formula is C$_{24}$H$_{23}$ClN$_2$O$_6$. It is an ester of the herbicide quizalofop.

## Uses

Kuicaoxi is a post-emergent herbicide, and is effective against grasses such as Echinochloa crus-galli.
# Abdul Aziz (Indian politician)

Abdul Aziz (Bengali: আব্দুল আজীজ) is an Indian politician and Member of the Assam Legislative Assembly.

## Early life and family

Abdul Aziz was born between 1968 and 1969, into a Bengali Muslim family in India. His father was Abdul Latif of Kanishail. In 1988, he achieved his Higher Secondary School Certificate and later married Asma Begum.

## Career

Abdul Aziz began his career as a businessman before also getting involved in politics. He contested to be MLA in 2016 assembly election but lost to Jamal Uddin Ahmed. He was successful in the 2021 Assam Legislative Assembly elections by defeating BJP candidate Biswarup Bhattacharjee, in which he represented the All India United Democratic Front in the Badarpur constituency.