# Sunbury, Pennsylvania

Sunbury (/ˈsʌnbɛri/ SUN-berr-ee) is a city and the county seat of Northumberland County in Pennsylvania, United States. Located in the Susquehanna Valley, Sunbury is positioned on the east bank of the Susquehanna River.
Sunbury's roots stretch back to the early 18th century. As of the 2010 census, it had a population of 9,905. The city is one of the three principal cities in the larger Bloomsburg-Berwick-Sunbury, PA Combined Statistical Area.
Sunbury is connected to inventor Thomas Edison. In 1883, the Hotel Edison became the first building in Sunbury to be illuminated by Edison's innovative three-wire electrical system. The hotel was later named in honor of Edison.
Sunbury is home to the Beck House and the Northumberland County Courthouse. The Sunbury Historic District is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

## History

The first human settlement of Sunbury were likely Shawnee migrants. A large population of Delaware Indians was also forcibly resettled there in the early 18th century after they lost rights to their land in the Walking Purchase. Canassatego of the Six Nations, enforcing the Walking Purchase of behalf of George Thomas, Deputy Governor of Pennsylvania, ordered the Delaware Indians to go to two places on the Susquehanna River, one of which was present-day Sunbury.
From 1727 to 1756, Sunbury was one of the largest and most influential Indian settlements in Pennsylvania. At that time, it was known as Shamokin, not to be confused with the present-day city of Shamokin, Pennsylvania, which is located about 13 miles to the east.
In 1745, Presbyterian missionary David Brainerd described the city as being located on both the east and west sides of the river, and on an island. Brainerd reported that the city housed 300 Indians, half of which were Delawares and the other Seneca and Tutelo.
In 1754, much of the land west of the Susquehanna was transferred from the Six Nations to Pennsylvania at the Albany Congress. However, Shamokin was not sold and was reserved by the Six Nations, "to settle such of our Nations as shall come to us from the Ohio or any others who shall deserve to be in our Alliance."$^{:215}$ According to Weslager, "the Pennsylvania authorities had no opposition to the Six Nations reserving Wyoming and Shamokin from the sale, since friendly Delawares, including Teedyuskung (also known as Teedyuscung) and his people living in those settlements--and any other Indians who might be placed there--constituted a buffer against Connecticut."
The French and Indian War brought fighting to much of the region. The Delaware Indian residents of Shamokin remained neutral for much of the early part of the war, in part because a drought and unseasonable frost in Shamokin in 1755 left them without provisions.
However, the Delaware Indians at Shamokin joined the war against Pennsylvania and the English after the Gnadenhütten massacre in 1755, and Shamokin was abandoned in May 1756. Pennsylvania Fort Augusta was built in 1756 on the former site of the village of Shamokin. The Bloody Spring is a historic site from the era.
On March 21, 1772, Northumberland County was incorporated and subdivided. The settlement was named Sunbury that same year, and the present-day city of Sunbury identifies 1772 as the date of its establishment. It was named after Sunbury-on-Thames, a town in the Surrey borough of Spelthorne, England, just outside Greater London.
Lorenzo Da Ponte, the librettist of Mozart and of Salieri, lived in Sunbury for some years after his arrival in America.
In July 1883, American inventor Thomas Edison installed the first successful three-wire electric lighting system in at what was then known as the City Hotel. At the city's 150th anniversary celebration in 1922, it was renamed the Edison Hotel.

## Historical Places

This is a list of the historical places located in Sunbury, Pennsylvania.
| NAME | BUILT | LOCATION | CATEGORY | NRHP |
| Beck House | 1785 | 62 N Front St, Sunbury, PA 17801 | Building-Home | 76001659 |
| Keefer Station | 1888 | Mill Rd, Sunbury, PA 17801 | Structure-Bridge | 79002313 |
| Northumberland County Courthouse | 1865 | 201 Market St, Sunbury, PA 17801 | Building-Government | 74001800 |
| Snyder (Caspar) House | 1798 | Lower Augusta Township, PA 17801 | Building-Home | 09000101 |
| Sunbury Armory | 1938 | 206 Armory Rd, Sunbury, PA 17801 | Building-Government | 89002082 |
| The Hotel Edison | 1871 | 401 Market St, Sunbury, PA 17801 | Building-Commercial | |
| Sunbury Historic District | 1870 | Arch-Chestnut Sts., Sunbury, PA | Location-District | 83004240 |
| Maclay-Wolverton House | 1773 | 106 Arch St, Sunbury, PA 17801 | Building-Home | |
| Tilgham House | 1772 | 106 Market St, Sunbury, PA 17801 | Building-Home | |
| Hall House | 1795 | 106 Market St, Sunbury, PA 17801 | Building-Home | |
| Penn's Tavern | 1791 | 113 River Road, Sunbury, PA 7801 | Building-Commercial | |
| Northumberland County Prison | 1876 | 39 N 2nd St, Sunbury, PA 17801 | Building-Government | |

## PHMC Historical Markers

This is a list of the Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission historical markers located in Sunbury, Pennsylvania.
| NAME | MARKER TEXT | LOCATION | PHMC ID |
| Danville-Pottsville R.R. | Opened Sunbury to Paxinos in 1835, operated on wood rails by horsepower. Steam locomotive first used in 1838; and iron rails, 1853. The terminal was nearby; here anthracite was loaded on canal boats for shipment to Philadelphia, Baltimore. | S Front St. (PA 147), near Church St., Sunbury | 1947HM00288 |
| First Electric Light | First successful use of a three-wire electric lighting system was made July 4, 1883, in the City Hotel building in Sunbury. Thomas A. Edison directed the work. The Edison Electric Illuminating Co. plant was at 4th and Vine Street. | Front St. (PA 147), just N of Chestnut St., Sunbury | 1947HM00289 |
| Fort Augusta | Built in 1756–57 by Cols. Burd and Clapham and the key frontier outpost of the region. Mansion built 1852. | N Front St. (PA 147) just S of John St., at site (and Co. Hist. Soc.), Sunbury | 1948HM00126 |
| Lorenzo Da Ponte (1749–1838) | Mozart's librettist in the 1780s for "The Marriage of Figaro," "Don Giovanni," and "Cosi fan tutte" came to America in 1805 and lived in Sunbury from June 1811 to August 1818. Da Ponte wrote that on visiting Sunbury, the adopted home of his wife's family, "I grew so enamored of the town that I resolved to settle there." A teacher, distiller, and merchant, he lived at the southwest corner of Third and Market Streets. | Cameron Park (central median of Market St.) at 3rd St., Sunbury | 1994HM00032 |
| Northumberland County | Formed March 21, 1772 from Lancaster, Cumberland, Berks, Bedford and Northampton counties. Some 27 counties today occupy its once vast area. Sunbury, the county seat, was laid out 1772. Site of Fort Augusta, a key post built 1756–57. | Courthouse, 2nd & Market Sts., Sunbury | 1982HM00047 |
| Shikellamy | Oneida chief and overseer or vice-regent of the Six Nations asserting Iroquois dominion over conquered Delaware and other tribes. He lived at Shamokin Indian town, Sunbury, from about 1728 until his death, 1748. Said to be buried near here. | Front St. (PA 147) between John & Julia Sts., at Fort Augusta site and Co. hist. soc., Sunbury | 1947HM00293 |
| Shikellamy | Erected as a memorial to Shikellamy, also Swataney, "Our Enlightener," in the province. First sent to Shamokin (Sunbury) in 1728; appointed vice-gerent in 1745. Died Dec. 6, 1758; He was buried near this spot. This diplomat and statesman was a firm friend of the Province of Pennsylvania. | Front St. (PA 147) at Adam St., N of site, Sunbury | 1915HM00011 |
| Sunbury | Laid out 1772 as the county seat of Northumberland on the site of Indian Shamokin by surveyor-General Lukens and William Maclay. Borough incorporation Mar. 24, 1797. Here Fort Augusta was built in 1756. Historic center of travel, trade and industry. | Route 147/61 (Front St.), at Weis Markets HQ, S end of Sunbury Highland St. (PA 61) at metal truss bridge, E end of Sunbury | 1947HM00295 1947HM00296 |
| The Sullivan Expedition Against the Iroquois Indians - Fort Augusta | First selected as rendezvous for Sullivan Expedition Lt. Col. Adam Hubley's Command. The only regiment quartered here to march against the Six Nations. | N Front St. (PA 147) S of John St., at site (and Co. hist. soc.), Sunbury | 1929HM00020 |
| Thompson's Rifle Battalion: Capt. John Lowdon's Company | Recruited from nearby points in June 1775, Lowdon's Company was a part of the first battalion in the colonies authorized by Congress. Among those who entered Continental service in this company was Timothy Murphy, whose many feats of marksmanship were to make him a hero of the Revolution. | Front St. (PA 147) between John & Julia Sts., at Hunter Home, Fort Augusta (and Co. hist. soc.), Sunbury | 1987HM00007 |
| William Maclay | Lived in the house opposite, 1773–86, and then moved to Harrisburg. Member of first U.S. Senate; wrote a famous Journal of its debates. A critic of Washington and Hamilton; pioneer leader of Jeffersonian democracy. He helped survey Sunbury, 1772. | Front St. (PA 147) betw. Arch St. and Pennsylvania Ave., Sunbury | 1947HM00298 |
| The Bloody Spring | Here, during the French and Indian War (1754–1763), one colonial soldier venturing from the garrison at nearby Fort Augusta, was fatally shot by an Indian foe. His blood is said to have crimsoned its waters. | Memorial Dr. near Shikellamy Ave. across from Memorial Park, just N of Sunbury | 1967HM00026 |

## Geography

Sunbury is at 40°51′50″N 76°47′21″W﻿ / ﻿40.86389°N 76.78917°W﻿ / 40.86389; -76.78917 (40.863894, -76.789174). It is located at the point where the west and north branches of the Susquehanna converge.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.2 square miles (5.7 km$^2$), of which 2.1 square miles (5.4 km$^2$) is land and 0.04 square miles (0.10 km$^2$) (1.40%) is water.

### Climate

Climate data for Sunbury, Pennsylvania (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1957–present) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 71 (22) | 77 (25) | 81 (27) | 91 (33) | 97 (36) | 100 (38) | 102 (39) | 99 (37) | 96 (36) | 91 (33) | 78 (26) | 71 (22) | 102 (39) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 35.3 (1.8) | 39.0 (3.9) | 47.7 (8.7) | 61.1 (16.2) | 71.7 (22.1) | 79.8 (26.6) | 84.4 (29.1) | 82.2 (27.9) | 75.1 (23.9) | 63.6 (17.6) | 50.8 (10.4) | 40.1 (4.5) | 60.9 (16.1) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 27.1 (−2.7) | 29.8 (−1.2) | 37.6 (3.1) | 49.2 (9.6) | 59.5 (15.3) | 68.3 (20.2) | 72.4 (22.4) | 70.7 (21.5) | 63.1 (17.3) | 52.0 (11.1) | 41.3 (5.2) | 32.3 (0.2) | 50.3 (10.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 18.9 (−7.3) | 20.6 (−6.3) | 27.4 (−2.6) | 37.2 (2.9) | 47.2 (8.4) | 56.8 (13.8) | 60.3 (15.7) | 59.2 (15.1) | 51.2 (10.7) | 40.4 (4.7) | 31.8 (−0.1) | 24.6 (−4.1) | 39.6 (4.2) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −15 (−26) | −10 (−23) | −1 (−18) | 16 (−9) | 28 (−2) | 37 (3) | 41 (5) | 41 (5) | 27 (−3) | 0 (−18) | 8 (−13) | −12 (−24) | −15 (−26) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 2.98 (76) | 2.30 (58) | 3.33 (85) | 3.74 (95) | 3.77 (96) | 4.38 (111) | 4.32 (110) | 3.93 (100) | 4.52 (115) | 3.92 (100) | 3.16 (80) | 3.34 (85) | 43.69 (1,110) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 7.6 (19) | 8.6 (22) | 5.2 (13) | 0.6 (1.5) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.2 (0.51) | 1.5 (3.8) | 4.9 (12) | 28.6 (73) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 10.0 | 8.9 | 9.8 | 12.1 | 13.5 | 12.4 | 10.6 | 11.0 | 9.1 | 10.8 | 8.8 | 10.0 | 127.0 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 4.4 | 4.2 | 1.9 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 2.4 | 14.1 |
| Source: NOAA ||||||||||||||

## Demographics

Sunbury is the largest principal city of the Sunbury-Lewisburg-Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania, a Combined Statistical Area that includes the Sunbury (Northumberland County), Lewisburg (Union County), and Selinsgrove (Snyder County) micropolitan areas, which had a combined population of 173,726 at the 2000 census.
As of the census of 2010, there were 9,905 people, 4,540 households, and 2,637 families residing in the city. The population density was 4,716.7 people per square mile. There were 4,864 housing units at an average density of 2,316.2 per square mile. The racial makeup of Sunbury in 2000 was 95.26% White, 1.29% African American, 0.14% Native American, 0.26% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 1.91% from other races, and 1.11% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.09% of the population.
In 2000, there were 4,540 households, of which 28.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.2% were married couples living together, 14.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.9% were non-families. 36.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.24 and the average family size was 2.91.
In 2000, the city the population had 23.9% under the age of 18, 8.7% from 18 to 24, 29.5% from 25 to 44, 20.5% from 45 to 64, and 17.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.7 males.
The median income for a household in Sunbury was $37,851 and the average $52,975 in 2020. About 19.8% of the population was below the poverty line.

## Notable businesses

Weis Markets, a regional supermarket chain operating in seven states, is headquartered in Sunbury. The company is a significant employer in the city and the region.
Great Coasters International is a roller coaster design and manufacturing firm and lists its contact address in Sunbury, though it is located outside of the city limits.
Sunbury Motor Company is a family-owned and -operated company since 1915; it is on North 4th Street.
The Squeeze-In on Market Street is an iconic business that sells hot dogs seven days a week with just five stools. The business is just 7.5 feet wide. Hot dogs are sold to-go out the service window. Serving hot dogs since 1945.
Zimmerman Motors on Market Street is a family business that began making horse-drawn carriages in 1889 and now sells automobiles.

## Education

The local public school system is the Shikellamy School District. There is a campus of Lackawanna College in the city.

### Primary and Secondary Education

Shikellamy School District
| Name | Category | Low Grade | High Grade | Address | Website |
| Shikellamy High School | Secondary | 6 | 12 | 600 Walnut St, Sunbury, PA 17801 | https://shs.shikbraves.org/ |
| Shikellamy Virtual Academy | Secondary | | | Virtual | https://va.shikbraves.org/ |
| Chief Shikellamy Elementary | Primary | 3 | 4 | 338 Memorial Dr, Sunbury, PA 17801 | https://ces.shikbraves.org/ |
| Grace S. Beck Elementary | Primary | 5 | 5 | 600 Arch St, Sunbury, PA 17801 | https://bes.shikbraves.org/en-US |
| Oaklyn Elementary | Primary | K | 2 | 115 Oak St, Sunbury, PA 17801 | https://oes.shikbraves.org/ |
| Priestley Elementary | Primary | K | 2 | 423 Cannery Rd, Northumberland, PA 17857 |

#### Higher Education

| Name | Category | Address | Website |
| Triangle Tech | Trade | 191 Performance Rd, Sunbury, PA 17801 | https://triangle-tech.edu/locations/sunbury |
| Penn State University-College of Agriculture | Extension | 443 Plum Creek Rd, Sunbury, PA 17801 | https://agsci.psu.edu/ |
| Lackawanna College Sunbury Center | Community | 1145 N 4th St, Sunbury, PA 17801 | https://www.lackawanna.edu/locations/sunbury-center-sunbury-pa/ |

## Libraries

The Degenstein Community Library at 40 South Fifth Street provides books, DVDs, internet access, educational classes, summer reading, and adult programs. The Degenstein Community Library was awarded a Gold Star from the Pennsylvania Library Association in 2018 for its participation in the PA Forward Star Library program. The library has maintained its gold star for the past 5 years.
The Northumberland County Historical Society maintains the Charlotte Darrah Walter Genealogical Library. It contains material on local history along with thousands of records of early families from Northumberland County and surrounding counties. Access to records is on a fee basis. The permanent exhibits deal with the site in prehistoric times, at the time of the Moravian Mission and blacksmith shop, and Fort Augusta during the French and Indian War and later under the Americans, during the Revolutionary War.

## Media

The local newspaper is The Daily Item. There are a variety of local radio stations, including the all news/sports channel WKOK 1070 kHz AM, the Big Country Radio Network (WLGL 92.3 FM, WQBG 100.5 FM, and WWBE 98.3 FM) and WFYY Y106.5 FM and 94.1 WQKX.

## Notable people
### 18th Century Figures

* Colonel William Clapham (1722–1763) lived in the area while supervising the construction of Fort Augusta in 1756–57.
* Lewis Dewart (1780–1852) was a Jacksonian member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.
* William Maclay (1737–1804), was a politician from Pennsylvania who served as a senator.
* Timothy Murphy, American Revolutionary War soldier/sniper (Battle of Bemis Heights)
* Shikellamy, also known as Swatana, was an Oneida chief and overseer for the Iroquois confederacy who, as a supervisor for the Six Nations, oversaw the Shawnee and Lenape tribes in central Pennsylvania along the Susquehanna River. In 1742, he moved to the village of Shamokin, modern day Sunbury, and lived there until his death in 1748. He is reputed to be buried nearby.

### 19th Century Figures

* Betty Brice (1888–1935) was a silent film actress from Sunbury.
* Charles M. Clement, Pennsylvania Army National Guard Major General.
* William Franklin "Birdie" Cree (1882–1942) was a Major League Baseball outfielder for the New York Highlanders(New York Yankees).
* Herbert Wesley Cummings (1873–1956) was a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.
* Charles L. Dering, Wisconsin lawyer and politician, was born in Sunbury.
* William Lewis Dewart (1821–1888) was a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.
* Honorable John Peter Shindel Gobin, Lieutenant Governor, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and Commanding Officer, 47th Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry
* Isaac Clinton Kline (1858–1947) was a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.
* John Black Packer (1824–1891) was a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.
* Lorenzo da Ponte, Mozart's librettist (Cosi fan Tutte, Le Nozze di Figaro and Don Giovanni) lived in Sunbury from 1811 to 1818.
* Simon P. Wolverton, was a lawyer and Democratic politician who served two terms as a U.S. Representative from Pennsylvania from 1891 to 1895.

### 20th Century Figures

* Tim Boetsch is a UFC fighter with training in American mixed martial arts.
* Euell Gibbons, an outdoorsman and early health food advocate
* Steve Kline (left-handed pitcher)
* Brenda Lewis, Metropolitan Opera soprano and Broadway star
* Glen Retief, Lambda Literary award-winning writer and author of The Jack Bank, A Memoir of a South African Childhood.
* Mark Smith, racing driver
* Peterson Toscano, playwright, actor, Bible scholar, and human rights activist.

## In popular culture

In the episode titled "Nixon vs. Kennedy" in first season of the AMC cable drama Mad Men a train supposedly carrying the unrecognizable body of Pvt. Dick Whitman, who was killed in the Korean War, arrives in Sunbury. The escort officer with the casket is said to be Lt. Don Draper, and the casket is met by Dick Whitman's adoptive mother, his half brother, Adam and his mother's second husband. In fact, the person killed in Korea was Don Draper, and Dick Whitman has switched identities with Draper. Though Dick Whitman posing as Draper attempts to hide, Adam Whitman sees him, recognizes him, and chases the train as it leaves the station.
On September 29, 2020, Sunbury was featured on the Comedy Central television series Tosh.0 in a recurring video category called Shithole of the Week, a segment in which host Daniel Tosh takes images or videos of various communities found online and will select the "Winner" based on the comedic negative features based in that community. The image that secured Sunbury's placement was a June 2020 video of a man spray painting "WIGHTE LIVES MATTER" on his personal fence with the intent of spelling "White Lives Matter". Nearby city Shamokin was a previous "winner" of the same segment in 2016.

## Parks and recreation

The extensive Sunbury Riverfront Park Project is in the planning and implementation stages in Sunbury. An extensive floodwall protection system was designed and built by the US Army Corps of Engineers in 1951. Additional height was added to the wall in 2003. The system has provided protection from 15 major flood events over the past 50 years. In 1972, flood waters from Hurricane Agnes crested at 35.8 feet (10.9 m) at Sunbury, two feet higher than the crest in 1936. The wall held back the water and residents showed their gratitude in messages they wrote on the wall.
Hurricane Agnes in late June 1972 was blamed for 10 deaths in Lancaster County, eight in Dauphin County, five in York County and four in both Northumberland and Luzerne counties, according to the Susquehanna River Basin Commission.
Additionally, a multimillion-dollar fish ladder is being built across the river in Shamokin Dam to mitigate the impediment of the shad migration up the Susquehanna River caused by the annual inflation of the Adam T. Bower Fabri Dam.
The Adam T. Bower Memorial Dam, an inflatable fabric-tube dam barrage impounding the Susquehanna River, creates the 3,000 acres (12 km$^2$) Augusta Lake for recreation. It is inflated in May and deflated in the fall. The new waterfront development in Sunbury will provide a marina with transient boat docks, walking trails, gardens, an amphitheater and a new accessible fishing pier. Three acres of land will be added to the river side of the flood wall.
The city offers baseball fields, a skating park, tennis courts, playgrounds, a community pool and a small park that is next to the county courthouse, in the downtown area.
A vacant building in the Shikellamy State Park along the river is under consideration for redevelopment as an environmental research and education center. Designed in the 1960s, the facility was originally the Basse Beck Environmental Center. It has been empty for several years.

## Economy

The city and state struggle economically, part of America's "Rust Belt". A Brookings Institution publication has cited reasons including a lack of inter-municipal coordination and cooperation, a changing employment base and a dearth of jobs paying a living wage, out-migration of young people, an aging population, the need for workforce development, and an inequitable local tax structure.
The Greater Susquehanna Valley United Way in 2006 commissioned a study regarding what matters most in area communities. They found that some major concerns were alcohol and drug use among all age groups and its effects on the community, the dependency on social services and assistance across generations, and a lack of public transportation. It is the intention of the organization to focus spending on these issues.
The Susquehanna Industrial Development Corporation (SIDCO) received $173,500 in planning grant funding (2005) to support the redevelopment of the Wilhold Manufacturing facility in Sunbury. The BOS funding paid for a market study, phase II environmental study, wetland review, traffic impact study and title survey. The site, an 11.6-acre (47,000 m$^2$) former rail yard and plastic manufacturing plant, is to be developed into four, 2-acre (8,100 m$^2$) shovel ready sites. It was suggested that the redevelopment of this facility will result in the creation of 120 jobs. The site was purchased by Moran Industries, based in Watsontown, for $200,000. Moran is using the space for food grade storage.
Weis Markets has its corporate headquarters in Sunbury.