OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Battle of Tipo-Tipo

The Battle of Tipo-Tipo was a military engagement that began on 9 April 2016 at Tipo-Tipo, Basilan Island, Philippines between forces of the Philippine Army and members of the Abu Sayyaf militant group. The battle resulted in dozens of casualties, with at least 18 soldiers and 31 militants reported killed, and more than 70 others injured. It was the largest single loss of life for the Philippine Army since the beginning of the year, and came just a day after the group had released an Italian hostage.

## Background

Abu Sayyaf became a part of ISIS in 2014 when nearly all of its members, including its leader Isnilon Hapilon, pledged allegiance to the said group. The Philippine government dismissed this news as a threat.
The Philippine military pledged that on 9 April 2016, which that day is also the National Day of Valor, they will conduct an offensive aimed at wiping out the militant groups in the island.

## Battle

Clashes erupted around 8am on 9 April as troops entered Tipo-Tipo in search of Abu Sayyaf insurgents. A group of more than 100 militants ambushed the government forces, sparking a 10-hour firefight, according to Major Filemon Tan, a spokesman for the Western Mindanao Command of the Philippine Army. News reports indicated an entire platoon was wiped out, with at least four soldiers being beheaded by militants. Among those killed were Ubaida Hapilon, son of the regional commander Isnilon Hapilon, as well as Mohammad Khattab, a Moroccan bomb maker and extremist preacher.
On 13 April, ongoing operations conducted resulted in the death toll of 24 Abu Sayaf members. President Aquino visited injured soldiers in Zamboanga. Fighting lasted until 14 April.

## Aftermath

On 8 July, CNN report that "the fighting in Basilan that began Wednesday night is affecting three towns: Tipo-Tipo, Ungkaya Pukan and Al-Barka" and that "the armed men fighting authorities in Basilan are led by the notorious Abu Sayyaf leaders Puruji Indama and Isnilon Hapilon" The Islamic State released a report on the fighting, claiming 40 ISIS militants had been killed in eight days of clashes and that the battle involved heavy artillery fire and airstrikes.

### ISIS involvement

The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant claimed responsibility for the clash on 9 April. In a statement by the group's Amaq news agency dated on April 13, it said that the militants involved in the clash on 9 April had bombed 7 trucks of the Philippine military, killing 100 soldiers with only three casualties in the militants' side. The Philippine security officials dismissed the claim as propaganda saying that there were "many gaps and inconsistencies" in ISIS' statement. Brigadier General Restituto Padilla, military spokesperson said in an April 14 report by Reuters that only 18 soldiers and 28 Abu Sayaff fighters have died at that time and no truck exploded. Padilla also said that the military hasn't established that Abu Sayaff and ISIS are linked organizations.
# Jiménez Municipality, Chihuahua

Jiménez is one of the 67 municipalities of Chihuahua, in northern Mexico. The municipal seat lies at José Mariano Jiménez. The municipality covers an area of 11,074.14 km$^2$.
As of 2010, the municipality had a total population of 41,265, up from 40,467 as of 2005.
The municipality had 498 localities, the largest of which (with 2010 populations in parentheses) was: José Mariano Jiménez (34,281), classified as urban.

## Geography
### Towns and villages

The municipality has 243 localities. The largest are:
| Name | Population (2005) |
| José Mariano Jiménez | 33,567 |
| Escalón | 757 |
| Torreoncitos | 445 |
| Libertad | 421 |
| Estación Carrillo | 359 |
| San Felipe | 346 |
| Total Municipality | 40467 |
# World record progression team sprint speed skating men

The world record progression of the men's team sprint as recognised by the International Skating Union:
Team sprint was first introduced on the calendar of the 2015-16 World Cup. It is part of the European Championships since 2018 and the World Single Distances Speed Skating Championships of 2018-19. Official results are recorded since the 2015-2016 skating season. The first World Cup with a team sprint event was on November 14, 2015, a race that was won by the team from the Netherlands. The first official World Record was recognised by ISU at the Calgary World Cup on December 1, 2017.
| Nr | Nation | Names | Result | Date | Venue | Meeting |
| 1* | NED | Ronald Mulder Kai Verbeij Stefan Groothuis | 1:18.79 | 14 November 2015 | Calgary | World Cup |
| 2* | CAN | William Dutton Alexandre St-Jean Vincent De Haître | 1:17.75 | 22 November 2015 | Salt Lake City | World Cup |
| 3 | CAN | Gilmore Junio Laurent Dubreuil Vincent De Haître | 1:17.31 | 1 December 2017 | Calgary | World Cup |
| 4 | NED | Janno Botman Jenning de Boo Tim Prins | 1:17.175 | 15 February 2024 | Calgary | World Championship |
| 5 | CAN | Antoine Gélinas-Beaulieu Laurent Dubreuil Anders Johnson | 1:17.173 | 15 February 2024 | Calgary | World Championship |
| 6 | USA | Cooper McLeod Austin Kleba Zach Stoppelmoor | 1:16.98 | 26 January 2025 | Calgary | World Cup |
* Unofficial world record
# Gérard D. Levesque

Gérard D. Levesque (May 2, 1926 – November 17, 1993) was a longtime Quebec politician and Cabinet minister, who twice served as interim leader of the Quebec Liberal Party.
Levesque was first elected to what is now called the Quebec National Assembly in the riding of Bonaventure in 1956 and sat in the legislature continuously until the end of his life. Under Premier Jean Lesage he served as minister of housing and fisheries and then as minister for trade. In the first cabinet of Robert Bourassa, who came to power in 1970, he served in various capacities including minister of trade, Minister of Justice and deputy premier.
After the defeat of the Bourassa government in 1976, Levesque served as Leader of the opposition until 1979, while leaders Robert Bourassa and then Claude Ryan were without parliamentary seats. Levesque was noted for his fierce opposition to what was introduced as Bill 1, the Charter of the French Language; his procedural wrangling meant it had to be eventually reintroduced as Bill 101. Levesque was also interim leader of the party between Bourassa's resignation and the election of Ryan. Levesque again served as Leader of the Opposition and acting leader of the party from August 1982 to September 1983 after the resignation of Ryan and until the return of Bourassa for his second stint as party leader.
In the second Bourassa government, elected in 1985, Levesque served as minister of finance, a position he held until his death in 1993 at the age of 67.

## In popular culture

The name of the fictional character Gérard D. Laflaque, protagonist of the satirical TV program Et Dieu créa... Laflaque, is a variation of his name.
# Osvaldo Suárez

Osvaldo Roberto Suárez (17 March 1934 in Wilde – 16 February 2018) was an Argentine long-distance runner who won four gold medals at the Pan American Games. He was punished by the Revolución Libertadora (The Liberating Revolution) and blamed for receiving favors to travel (even being a famous and successful athlete), so he could not be at the 1956 Melbourne Olympic Games. After that, he represented his native country at two Summer Olympics, in 1960 and 1964. After retiring from his running career, he became a professional athletics coach.
# Raghunandan Rao

Madhavaneni Raghunandan Rao (born 23 March 1968) is an Indian politician from Telangana state and a member of parliament representing from Medak Lok Sabha constituency. Previously he served as an MLA for Dubbak Assembly constituency. He is a strong supporter of Telangana state ideology. He is a lawyer by profession. He hails from Medak district.

## Early life and education

Rao was born at Siddipet to M. Bhagavantha Rao in Velama caste. He earned a B.Sc. degree at Siddipet Degree College, completed a L.L.B. degree at Osmania University, Hyderabad, a B.Ed. degree from Karnataka University, and a post-graduate diploma in human rights from Central University of Hyderabad.
After completing his education, Rao relocated from Siddipet to Patancheru, an industrial area, in 1991 and joined a reputed Telugu daily newspaper Eenadu as a news contributor for five years. He subsequently, enrolled as an advocate in the bar association of the High Court of Andhra Pradesh.

## Professional career

He started his career as a lawyer. He is well known for handling Hyderabad MP Asaduddin Owaisi's bail petition.

## Political career

Rao started his political career as a Telangana Rashtra Samithi member. He was with Telangana Rashtra Samithi from 27 April 2001. He is the politburo member and Medak district convenor. On 14 May 2013 he was suspended from the Telangana Rashtra Samithi party on allegations of meeting with Telugu Desam Party president N. Chandrababu Naidu which he actively denied. Subsequently, he joined in Congress But resigned to party within few days and joined BJP then contested the Legislative Assembly elections from Dubbak constituency of Telangana state in the year 2014. He is state party secretary and MLA of Bharatiya Janata Party in Telangana. Currently he is Member of Legislative Assembly in Telangana Dubbak in 2020 by-poll election by a margin of 1,074 votes, after death of Solipeta Ramalinga Reddy.
Raghunandan Rao In 2023 Assembly elections contested from Dubbak Assembly segment and lost to BRS Candidate Kotha Prabhakar Reddy by a margin of 53,513 votes. His Contested in 2024 Lok Sabha polls from Medak and won with a majority of 39139 votes on his nearest opponent from Congress Party Neelam Madhu.

## Allegations

The police said, a 47-year-old woman made a complaint in February 2020 claiming that she was raped in 2007 by advocate M Raghunandan Rao, following which a rape case was filed against him. She claimed the advocate called her to his Patancheru office in 2007 and offered coffee mixed with some substances and "raped" her when she became unconscious while she filed a harassment case against her husband and maintenance case through Advocate Rao. The police said, the woman claimed in the complaint that the advocate had threatened to post photos taken in compromising positions on Social networks. Rao has called the allegations false.
# Battle of Gandesa

The Battle of Gandesa took place in April 1938 during the Spanish Civil War.

## Background

After the fall of Caspe, the Nationalists troops continued their advance towards Catalonia with the support of the Legion Condor and the Aviazione Legionaria. By the end of February the nationalists had reached the outskirts of Gandesa. The XV International Brigade had been retreating since the Aragón Offensive began, and the republican lines collapsed.
The battle followed the decision of the XV International Brigade to dig in and hold the town of Gandesa in an effort to slow down the Francoist troops, which had been advancing steadily since the beginning of the offensive.

### Battle

The town of Gandesa was held by the XV International Brigade. The Nationalists attacked with troops of Mario Berti's CTV and Monasterio's Army Corps. Despite the prowess of the British troops, Gandesa fell on 3 April and 140 British and American members of the International Brigades were captured. However, the resistance of the XV Brigade allowed the Republican troops to regroup and to withdraw some material across the Ebro River.

## Cultural references

This battle is mentioned in the song Jamie Foyers, where the fictional hero is killed.
# Allophanic acid

Allophanic acid is the organic compound with the formula H$_2$NC(O)NHCO$_2$H. It is a carbamic acid, the carboxylated derivative of urea. Biuret can be viewed as the amide of allophanic acid.
Treating urea with sodium bicarbonate is claimed to give allophanic acid:
    H$_2$NC(O)NH$_2$ + NaHCO$_3$ → H$_2$NC(O)NHCO$_2$H + NaOH
Although allophanic acid per se may not have been purified, its conjugate base, H$_2$NC(O)NHCO$_2$$^−$, allophanate is well known. Salts of this anion have been characterized by X-ray crystallography. The allophanate anion is the substrate for the enzyme allophanate hydrolase.
Allophanate esters arise from the condensation of carbamates.
# Ajay Bhatt (politician)

Ajay Bhatt (born 1 May 1961) is an Indian politician who is served as the Minister of State in the Ministry of Defence and Ministry of Tourism in Second Modi ministry. He is also a Member of Parliament from Nainital-Udham Singh Nagar. He was State President of the Bharatiya Janata Party in Uttarakhand from 2016 to 2020. Ajay Bhatt defeated former Chief Minister of Uttarakhand and Senior Indian National Congress leader Harish Rawat by a huge margin of 3,39,096 votes in Nainital-Udham Singh Nagar constituency in 2019 General Elections.
He has served as the Leader of the Opposition in Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly before state elections in 2017. He held several portfolios in the Government of Uttarakhand as a Minister. He is regarded as one of the senior most BJP leaders of Uttarakhand. He has also served as MLA from Ranikhet Legislative Assembly. He has a nephew named Liladhar Bhatt who is unlike him in congress and Tarun Bhatt his other nephew also supports Ajay Bhatt. Ajay Bhatt was known for the slogan "Sabki ek hi ratt..Ajay Bhatt..Ajay Bhatt" during Uttrakhand state elections in 2017.

## Electoral performance

| Election | Constituency | Party | Result | Votes % | Opposition Candidate | Opposition Party | Opposition vote % |
| Lok Sabha |||||||||||
| 2024 | Nainital-Udhamsingh Nagar | BJP | Won | 61.03% | Prakash Joshi | INC | 34.61% |
| 2019 | Nainital-Udhamsingh Nagar | BJP | Won | 61.35% | Harish Rawat | INC | 34.41% |
| Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly |||||||||||
| 2017 | Ranikhet | BJP | Lost | 34.13% | Karan Mahara | INC | 46.23% |
| 2012 | Ranikhet | BJP | Won | 35.66% | Karan Mahara | INC | 35.46% |
| 2007 | Ranikhet | BJP | Lost | 36.27% | Karan Mahara | INC | 36.83% |
| 2002 | Ranikhet | BJP | Won | 33.75% | Pooran Singh | INC | 26.13% |
# Dr. Samuel Mayes House

The Dr Samuel Mayes House is a historic house in Columbia, Tennessee, USA.

## History

The house was built in 1818 for Dr Samuel Mayes, a physician. It was designed in the Federal architectural style.

## Architectural significance

It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since October 25, 1993.
# Ginterowo

Ginterowo is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Trzcianka, within Czarnków-Trzcianka County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south-west of Trzcianka, 19 km (12 mi) north-west of Czarnków, and 79 km (49 mi) north-west of the regional capital Poznań.
# Jimmy Golder

James Golder (28 March 1955 – 12 March 2000) was an English professional association footballer who played as a midfielder. He played in the Football League for Stockport County.
Golder was an apprentice with Stockport County. He played just one league game for Stockport, away to Bury in April 1972, while still aged just under 17 years old. On leaving Stockport, he played for Stalybridge Celtic, Hyde United and Witton Albion from where he joined Mossley in September 1984. He played over 100 times for Mossley. He was later assistant manager of Radcliffe Borough.
Golder died at age 44. In August 2001 a benefit match was held at Woodley Sports including a combined Radcliffe Borough/Hyde United side.
# Army Men: World War - Final Front

Army Men: World War - Final Front (titled Army Men: Lock 'n' Load in Europe) is a third-person shooter video game developed and published by The 3DO Company exclusively for PlayStation. It is the third installment in the World War subseries.

## Overview

Army Men: World War - Final Front is a third-person shooter, with the gameplay style being very much like the previous Army Men. Once again, many of the missions are modeled after World War II battles and some battles take place in mysterious regions such as desert lands resembling Egypt and Jungles similar to South America's. It also features the player to control vehicles, such as bikes, tanks, boats and submarines.

## Reception

Aggregate score :
| Aggregator | Score |
| Metacritic | 50/100 |
Review scores :
| Publication | Score |
| AllGame | |
| GameRevolution | F |
| GameSpot | 6/10 |
| IGN | 4.5/10 |
| Next Generation | |
| Official U.S. PlayStation Magazine | |
| PlayStation: The Official Magazine | 3/10 |
The game received "mixed" reviews according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. Scott Steinberg of NextGen compared the game to the Vietnam War, calling it "a downright ugly and vicious war you just can't win." Four-Eyed Dragon of GamePro summed up his review of the game with, "If you plan to do a tour of duty with Final Front, expect an uphill battle without any shiny medals."
# Dr. Samuel Perry House

Dr. Samuel Perry House is a historic plantation house located near Gupton, Franklin County, North Carolina. It was built about 1857, and is a two-story, three-bay, four-square Italianate / Greek Revival style frame dwelling. It is sheathed in weatherboard and has a hipped roof. It was built by noted American carpenter and builder Jacob W. Holt (1811-1880).
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.
# Renate Dannhauer-Borges

Renate Dannhauer-Borges (born 11 August 1939) is a German former cross-country skier. She competed at the 1960 Winter Olympics and the 1964 Winter Olympics.

## Cross-country skiing results
### Olympic Games

| Year | Age | 5 km | 10 km | 3 × 5 km  relay |
| 1960 | 20 | — | 16 | 5 |
| 1964 | 24 | 15 | 14 | 4 |

### World Championships

| Year | Age | 5 km | 10 km | 3 × 5 km  relay |
| 1958 | 18 | — | 31 | — |
| 1962 | 22 | — | — | 5 |
# Giovanni Paliaga

Giovanni Paliaga (11 February 1931 – 29 December 2019) was an Italian swimmer. He competed in the men's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay at the 1952 Summer Olympics.
# Eva-Maria ten Elsen

Eva-Maria ten Elsen (later Hartmann, born 14 September 1937) is a German former swimmer who won a bronze medal in the 200 m breaststroke event at the 1956 Summer Olympics.
She failed to qualify for the 1960 Olympics, and in 1961 retired from swimming. After graduating in 1966 from the German University of Physical Education (DHfK) in Leipzig she worked for several years as a swimming coach. From 1971 to 1990 she was employed by the sporting goods company Expovita. After the German reunification, she worked in the real estate and public health insurance areas.
# Jim Samson

Thomas James Samson, FBA (born 6 July 1946), commonly known as Jim Samson, is a musicologist and retired academic. Described as "a leading authority on the music of Chopin", his research extends to Romantic music, early 20th-century classical music and the music of east Central Europe in general.

## Life and career

Thomas James Samson was born on 6 July 1946 in Carnlough in Northern Ireland. Educated at Queen's University Belfast (BMus) and studied with Arnold Whittall at the University College, Cardiff (MMus, PhD).
Samson was appointed to a research fellowship at the University of Leicester in 1972. He moved to the University of Exeter in 1973 as a lecturer; promotions followed, to reader in 1987 and Professor of Musicology in 1992. In 1994, he was appointed Stanley Hugh Badock Professor of Music at the University of Bristol, and was then Professor of Music at Royal Holloway, University of London, between 2002 and 2011.

## Honours and awards

Samson was awarded the Order of Merit by the Polish government in 1990 and was elected a Fellow of the British Academy, the United Kingdom's national academy, in 2000. In 2018, he received the IRC Harrison Medal from the Society for Musicology in Ireland.

## Selected publications

* Music in Transition: A Study of the Tonal Expansion and Early Atonality, 1900–1920 (Dent, 1977; reprinted in 1993).
* The Music of Szymanowski (Kahn and Averill, 1980).
* The Music of Chopin (Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1985; reprinted by Clarendon Press, 1994).
* Chopin: The Four Ballades (Cambridge University Press, 1992).
* (Editor) The Cambridge Companion to Chopin (Cambridge University Press, 1992).
* Chopin (Oxford University Press, 1996).
* (Editor) The Cambridge History of Nineteenth-Century Music (Cambridge University Press, 2002).
* Virtuosity and the Musical Work: the Transcendental Studies of Liszt (Cambridge University Press, 2003).
* (Edited with J. P. E. Harper-Scott) Introduction to Music Studies (Cambridge University Press, 2008).
* Music in the Balkans (Brill, 2013).
* (Edited with Nicoletta Demetriou) Music in Cyprus (Routledge, 2015).
# Rajesh Kumar Singh (Bihar politician, born 1972)

Rajesh Kumar Singh, also known as Raju Yadav, is an Indian politician who served as a member of the Bihar Legislative Council to the Nalanda local bodies from 2009 to July 2015. He won the M.L.C. election in July 2009 as a Lok Janshakti Party candidate. At present he is a member of Janata Dal (United). His wife Reena Devi also represents the same seat from 2015.

## Personal life

He is married to Reena Devi who became member of Bihar Legislative Council after he retired from active politics in 2015.
# José Turiano Santiago

José Turiano Santiago y Acosta (July 13, 1875 – c. 1942) was a Filipino patriot who was among the leaders of the Katipunan that sparked the Philippine Revolution against Spain in 1896.

## Biography

Santiago graduated from the University of Santo Tomas and was a practicing accountant.
Santiago joined the Katipunan in 1893 and was among those tasked to organize popular councils in key areas in Manila and its environs. He was elected secretary of the secret society's second Supreme Council under the presidency of Roman Basa. It was at this time that he met Marina Dizon, daughter of Katipunan founder José Dizon and member of the Katipunan's women's auxiliary.
In the same year, Santiago and Marina, who was already his fiancée, witnessed the wedding of Andrés Bonifacio to Gregoria de Jesús. The wedding sponsors were Santiago's half-brother and fellow Katipunan member Restituto Javier and his wife. Santiago himself married Marina Dizon on September 16, 1894 at the Binondo Church in Manila. They would eventually have eight children.
The following year, Santiago was elected secretary of the secret society but he and his half-brother Restituto Javier were accused of betraying the secret society because a priest-professor of the University of Santo Tomas got hold of a coded message of the Katipunan. Since the priest was a friend of Javier's sister, the Katipunan suspected that Santiago and Javier revealed the society's existence and the two were expelled although they were never proven guilty.
The Katipunan would not be uncovered until August 1896 and neither Santiago nor Javier had anything to do with it. Santiago and his wife fled their house during that time with Marina burning documents related to the Katipunan. Nonetheless, the half-brothers were among those who were arrested by the Spanish authorities and detained for months. Santiago's father-in-law was also arrested and executed. Javier was later banished to the Canary Islands. Santiago, however, was released on September 11, 1897.
But he remained in contact with revolutionary forces and became a delegate of Nueva Ecija to the Malolos Congress in 1898. When the Americans took Manila, Santiago and his wife tried to live normal lives in Meycauayan, Bulacan but had to flee to Tarlac in the course of the Philippine–American War. The couple tried to settle down in Manila anew but Santiago was later exposed as an insurgent and he had to flee to Hong Kong.
When peace restored in the Philippines, Santiago returned and lived a normal life as an accountant and auditor for several companies in Manila. On July 6, 1908, Santiago was nominated by the Nacionalista Party to run for the vacant Philippine Assembly seat representing the 1st district of Manila, but lost in the following special election in the same year to Justo Lukban.
He died during the Japanese Occupation.