OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bright Sparklers fireworks disaster

The Bright Sparklers fireworks disaster occurred in Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia on 7 May 1991 at 3:45 (MST). The Bright Sparklers fireworks factory in Sungai Buloh, Selangor caught fire and caused a huge explosion. Twenty six people were killed and over a hundred people were injured in the disaster. The explosion was strong enough to rip off the roofs of some local houses, and ended up damaging over 200 residential properties and was felt as far as 7-8 kilometers from the side.

## Cause

The tragedy is believed to have been caused by explosive chemicals spilled during an experiment in the canteen of the factory. The chemicals touched off fires that rapidly spread to a nearby pile of large firecrackers, known as the "bazookas". These in turn set off the chain of explosions that ripped apart the factory and the nearby buildings, including the factory and nearby Kampung Baru Sungai Buloh.

## Victims

26 people were killed and 103 people were injured. Victims were taken to the Kuala Lumpur Hospital for further treatments.

## Memorial

A small memorial in the design of a Chinese pavilion was erected at the site in 1998. Underneath it are three memorial stones, each written in Malay, Chinese and Tamil.
The site is near the Kampung Selamat MRT station.

## In popular culture

TV3's documentary programme, Detik Tragik (Tragic Moments) produced an episode about the fireworks disaster.
# July 2017 Lahore suicide bombing

On 24 July 2017, a suicide bombing took place in a vegetable market in Lahore, Pakistan. 26 people were killed and 58 others were wounded as a result of the explosion. Security officials believe that the attack targeted policemen, as there were 9 killed and 6 wounded. Tehreek-i-Taliban Pakistan claimed responsibility for the attack.

## Bombing

At around 15:55 (PST), a motorbike bomb struck an old vegetable market in the neighbourhood of Kot Lakhpat. The market was full of police at the time because officers had been sent to clear stalls that had illegally spilled into the road. According to DIG Operations Haider Ashraf, the blast was a suicide attack and "police were the target." Two vehicles, including one motorcycle, have reportedly been damaged.
Hussain, one of the injured policemen told The Express Tribune:
   We were standing under a tree when I spotted an auto rickshaw coming from the wrong side. I rushed to warn the driver fearing he might get hurt as heavy machinery was tearing down encroachment in the area. As soon as I walked towards the rickshaw, a loud explosion went off tossing me on the ground. I tried to get up but stooped over due to excruciating pain in my back. I looked around and found bodies lying everywhere and blood splattered.

## Aftermath

Soon after the attack, police and other law enforcement personnel reached the site of the incident and cordoned off the area. Forensics teams started collecting evidence from the blast site. Rescue 1122 teams started taking the injured to nearby hospitals where a state of emergency was imposed. Pictures of the deceased policemen were released on Lahore Police's official Twitter account.

### Reactions

The then Prime Minister, Nawaz Sharif condemned the attack and expressed deep grief and sorrow over the loss of many lives. CM Punjab, Shahbaz Sharif condemned the attack saying, "No words can express the grief which grips my heart right now. [The] blast destroyed many families, but terrorists can never destroy our resolve." DG ISPR Asif Ghafoor tweeted, "COAS shares grief with victim families of Lhr blast. Directs for immediate rescue and relief efforts. Troops reached at site." Chairman of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf Imran Khan has condemned Lahore blast and termed it the "worst example of terrorism". PTI Secretary Information Shafqat Mahmood also condemned the blast and expressed his sympathies to the bereaved families. Tahir-ul-Qadri have also condemned the attack. In a tweet, he said, "The loss of precious lives in [the] terrorist attack in Lahore is regrettable and highly condemnable." Interior Minister, Chudhary Nisar postponed his much awaited press conference saying it was not possible for him to address political issues in the wake of casualties. Maryam Nawaz, in a tweet, said, "Sad, heart-wrenching news from Lahore. May Allah SWT protect Pakistan. Ameen".
# 2012 Natomas Men's Professional Tennis Tournament – Doubles

Carsten Ball and Chris Guccione were the defending champions but Ball decided not to participate. Guccione played alongside Samuel Groth. Tennys Sandgren and Rhyne Williams won the title against Devin Britton and Austin Krajicek by defeating them 4–6, 6–4, [12–10] in the final.

## Seeds

* Jordan Kerr / Andreas Siljeström (first round)
* Rik de Voest / Robert Farah (first round)
* Bobby Reynolds / Izak van der Merwe (quarterfinals)
* Andrei Dăescu / Adam Hubble (quarterfinals)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Draw

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | J Kerr A Siljeström | 3 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | W Odesnik L Vanni | 6 | 6 | | | W Odesnik L Vanni | 3 | 1 | | | | | | | | | | |
| WC | T Sandgren R Williams | 6 | 3 | [10] | WC | T Sandgren R Williams | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | |
| WC | D Kosakowsi N Meister | 2 | 6 | [7] | | | | | | WC | T Sandgren R Williams | 6 | 6 | | | | | |
| 3 | B Reynolds I van der Merwe | 6 | 2 | [10] | | | | | | | A Kuznetsov M Zverev | 4 | 4 | | | | | |
| Q | J Dadamo B Klahn | 3 | 6 | [8] | 3 | B Reynolds I van der Merwe | 5 | 7 | [3] | | | | | | | | | |
| | A Kuznetsov M Zverev | 6 | 6 | | | A Kuznetsov M Zverev | 7 | 5 | [10] | | | | | | | | | |
| | S Ianni M Viola | 3 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | | | T Sandgren R Williams | 4 | 6 | [12] |
| | S Groth C Guccione | 4 | 7$^7$ | [10] | | | | | | | | | | | D Britton A Krajicek | 6 | 4 | [10] |
| WC | P Simmonds J Sock | 6 | 7$^5$ | [4] | | S Groth C Guccione | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | |
| LL | L Gregorc Ante Pavić | 3 | 4 | | 4 | A Dăescu A Hubble | 1 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | |
| 4 | A Dăescu A Hubble | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | S Groth C Guccione | 6$^2$ | 6 | [8] | | | | |
| | D Kudla T Smyczek | 1 | 7$^7$ | [11] | | | | | | | D Britton A Krajicek | 7$^7$ | 2 | [10] | | | | |
| | D Courtney P Raja | 6 | 6$^5$ | [13] | | D Courtney P Raja | 6$^4$ | 7$^7$ | [5] | | | | | | | | | |
| | D Britton A Krajicek | 7$^7$ | 7$^7$ | | | D Britton A Krajicek | 7$^7$ | 6$^5$ | [10] | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | R de Voest R Farah | 6$^4$ | 6$^4$ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# Medal of the Republic (disambiguation)

Medal of the Republic is the highest honorary medal of the People's Republic of China.
It may also refer to:
# Roger Tames

Roger Tames is a broadcaster, commentator and presenter who is best known for presenting sport on the north eastern version of the ITV regional news programme ITV Tyne Tees.

## Life and career

Tames joined ITV Tyne Tees in 1976 from the Dagenham Post, he spent 29 years as a sports presenter and then head of sport at ITV Tyne Tees and left in 2005.
Tames later joined Brendan Foster's Newcastle-based firm Nova International as a senior executive in its television production division.
Tames later became a sports commentator, he is well known for commentating on football games for Ayresome Park.
In 2015, Tames hosted Darlington Football Club Awards.

## Personal life

Tames attended University Of Leicester and received a BA Hons in English. He was previously married to former ITV Tyne Tees presenter Lyn Spencer.
# Rupni Do

Rupni Do is a village in the municipality of Ravno, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 2, both Serbs.
# Free-orbit experiment with laser interferometry X-rays

The Free-orbit Experiment with Laser Interferometry X-Rays (FELIX) belongs to a category of experiments exploring whether macroscopic systems can be in superposition states. It was originally proposed by the physicist Roger Penrose in his 2004 book, "The Road to Reality" specifically to prove whether unconventional decoherence processes such as gravitationally induced decoherence or spontaneous wave-function collapse of a quantum system occur.
Later revised to take place as a tabletop experiment, if successful, it is estimated that a mass of roughly 10$^{14}$ atoms would have been superposed, approximately nine orders of magnitude more massive than any superposition observed to that date (2003).

## Configuration

The proposed experimental setup is basically a variation of the Michelson interferometer but for a single photon. Additionally, one of the mirrors has to be very tiny and fixed on an isolated micromechanical-oscillator. This allows it to move when the photon is reflected on it, so that it may become superposed with the photon. The purpose is to vary the size of the mirror to investigate the effect of the mass on the time it takes for the quantum system to collapse.
Originally the arms of the interferometer had to stretch into the hundreds of thousands of kilometers to achieve a photon roundtrip-time comparable to the oscillator's period, but that meant that the experiment had to take place in-orbit, reducing its viability. The revised proposal requires that the mirrors be placed into high-finesse optical cavities that will trap the photons long enough to achieve the desired delay.
There are various technological challenges, but all are within high-end laboratory capabilities. The primary requirement is that the mass of the cavity remains as small as possible. To avoid noise on the interferometer and have a low probability of emitting more than one photon each time, a very low absolute temperature for the experiment is needed, on the order of 60 μK. For similar reasons, and to avoid decoherence, the experimental device has to be in ultra-high vacuum conditions. The wavelength of the photons was calculated to be roughly 630 nm so the reflecting surfaces can be as small as possible and yet avoid refraction and reflectivity issues. The micromechanical-oscillator can be similar to the cantilevers in atomic force microscopy and the reflective surfaces typically used in similar high-demanding experiments pose no real challenge. Various elaborate electromagnetic mechanisms have been proposed to "reset" the cavities to a stable state before each repetition of the experiment.
# Joseph Vinoy

Joseph Vinoy (French pronunciation:; 10 August 1803 – 27 April 1880) was a French soldier, who commanded the French capital's defenses during the siege of Paris in the course of the Franco-Prussian War.

## Biography

He originally intended to join the Church, but, after some years at a seminary, he decided upon a military career and joined the French army in 1823. As a sergeant in the 14th line infantry, he took part in the Algerian expedition of 1830. He won his commission at the capture of Algiers and during the subsequent campaigns rose to the rank of Colonel. He returned to France in 1850. In the Crimean War, he served under François Certain Canrobert as general of brigade. For his brilliant conduct at the Battle of Malakoff in 1855 he was promoted to General of division. He later led a division of Adolphe Niel's corps in the Battle of Solférino.
Retired on account of his age in 1865, he was recalled to active service on the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War in 1870. After the early reverses he was made head of the XIII army corps, which did not arrive at the front in time to be involved in the catastrophe of Sedan. By a skillful retreat he brought his corps intact to Paris on September 7. During the Siege of Paris, Vinoy commanded the III army operating on the south side of the capital and took part in all the actions in that quarter. On Louis Jules Trochu's resignation he was appointed to the supreme command, in which capacity he negotiated France's surrender.
During the Paris Commune, he held important commands in the army of Versailles, occupying the burning Tuileries and the Louvre on May 23, 1871. He was subsequently made a Grand Chancellor of the Legion of Honour.
Vinoy wrote several memoirs of the Franco-Prussian War: Operations de l'armée pendant le siege de Paris (1872); L'Armistice et la commune (1872); and L'Armée française (1873).
The Municipality of Vinoy in Quebec, Canada, was named in his honour (since 1996 part of the Municipality of Chénéville).
# Pablo Galdames (footballer, born 1996)

Pablo Ignacio Galdames Millán (Spanish pronunciation:; born 30 December 1996) is a Chilean professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Independiente.

## Club career

On 31 August 2021, the last day of the 2021 summer transfer window, Galdames joined Serie A club Genoa on a deal until 2024.
On 31 January 2023, Galdames was loaned to Cremonese.
On 5 February 2024, Galdames moved to Brazil and joined Vasco da Gama until December.
In 2025, Galdames returned to Argentina after his stint with Vélez Sarsfield and signed with Independiente on a two-year contract.

## Personal life

He is the son of the Chilean former international footballer of the same name Pablo Galdames, brother of Thomas and Benjamín and half-brother of Mathías. In addition, through his maternal line, he and his brothers are related to the Spanish footballer Nerea Sánchez Millán.

## Style of play

Galdames is a deep-lying playmaker, known for his ability to pass the pass progressively over long distances.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of match played 23 August 2024
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National Cup | National Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Unión Española | 2014–15 | Primera División | 14 | 1 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 14 | 1 |
| Unión Española | 2015–16 | Primera División | 26 | 1 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 26 | 1 |
| Unión Española | 2016–17 | Primera División | 20 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 25 | 1 |
| Unión Española | 2017 | Primera División | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 2 | 0 | 13 | 0 |
| Unión Española | 2018 | Primera División | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | — | — | 17 | 0 |
| Unión Española | Total | Total | 86 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 95 | 3 |
| Vélez Sarsfield | 2018–19 | Primera División | 11 | 1 | 4 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 15 | 1 |
| Vélez Sarsfield | 2019–20 | Primera División | 14 | 0 | 12 | 1 | 6 | 0 | — | — | 32 | 1 |
| Vélez Sarsfield | 2021 | Primera División | 0 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 5 | 1 | — | — | 16 | 1 |
| Vélez Sarsfield | Total | Total | 25 | 1 | 27 | 1 | 11 | 1 | — | — | 63 | 3 |
| Genoa | 2021–22 | Serie A | 19 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 20 | 0 |
| Genoa | 2022–23 | Serie B | 4 | 0 | 2 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 6 | 0 |
| Genoa | 2023–24 | Serie A | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 4 | 0 |
| Genoa | Total | Total | 25 | 0 | 5 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 30 | 0 |
| Cremonese (loan) | 2022–23 | Serie A | 13 | 1 | 2 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 15 | 1 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 149 | 5 | 34 | 1 | 17 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 203 | 7 |

## Honours

Chile
* China Cup: 2017
União Espanhola
* Torneio Transição: 2013
* Supercopa de Chile: 2013
Vélez Sarsfield
* Torneio Complementar da Copa Diego Maradona: 2021
# E. Virginia Armbrust

E. Virginia Armbrust is a biological oceanographer, professor, and current director of the University of Washington School of Oceanography. She is an elected member of the Washington State Academy of Science, an elected fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and an elected fellow of the American Academy of Microbiology.

## Education

Armbrust obtained a bachelor's degree in human biology at Stanford University in 1980. She then proceeded to obtain a PhD in biological oceanography from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in 1990.

## Research career

Following her doctorate, Armbrust began working as a postdoctoral researcher. She then became faculty at the University of Washington in 1996 and was elected director of the School of Oceanography in 2011.
Armbrust's current research focuses on phytoplankton and their interactions with bacteria. She is an investigator of the Simons Foundation in microbial oceanography.
She led a project which assembled the genome for a type of marine Euryarchaeota that could not be cultured in the lab. This involved sequencing the genomes of a mixtures of microorganisms from seawater, and assembling related sequence fragments into a complete genome for the marine Euryarchaeota specifically.

## Selected publications

* Amin, S.A., L.R. Hmelo, H.M. van Tol, B.P. Durham, L.T. Carlson, K.R. Heal, R.L. Morales, C.T. Berthiaume, M.S. Parker, B. Djunaedi, A.E. Ingalls, M.R. Parsek, M.A. Moran, and E.V. Armbrust. Interaction and signaling between a cosmopolitan phytoplankton and associated bacteria. Nature, 522:98-101 (2015)
* Hennon, G.M.M., J. Ashworth, R.D. Groussman, C. Berthiaume, R.L. Morales, N.S. Baliga, M.V. Orellana, and E.V. Armbrust. Diatom acclimation to elevated CO$_2$ via cAMP signaling and coordinated gene expression. Nature Climate Change, 5:761-765 (2015)

## Awards

* Rachel Carson Award Lecture, American Geophysical Union (2016)
# Mark Meier

Mark F. Meier (December 19, 1925 – November 25, 2012) was an American glaciologist who was considered a leading expert on the study of rising sea levels due to the melting of glaciers. Meier was the Director of the Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR) from 1985 to 1994 and remained the institute's director emeritus until his death in 2012. He was also a professor of geological sciences at the University of Colorado Boulder.
Meier was born and raised in Iowa. He resided in Boulder, Colorado, since 1985.
In 1956, Meier founded the U.S. Geological Survey's department of glaciology. He obtained a doctorate in 1957 from the California Institute of Technology. Meier served as the director of the U.S. Geological Survey's Project Office of Glaciology in Tacoma, Washington, until he became the director of INSTAAR in 1985.
Meier was one of the first glaciologists to use remote sensing to study glaciers and rates of melting. He headed several studies of tidewater glacier dynamics in the U.S. state of Alaska. Meier organized the systematic measurement and assessment of glacier mass balance within North America to mark the International Geophysical Year and International Hydrological Decade, which was observed from 1965 to 1975.
His numerous recognitions and awards included the Seligman Crystal from the International Glaciological Society in 1985, the Robert E. Horton Medal in 1996, three medals from the USSR Academy of Sciences (now the Russian Academy of Sciences) and the United States Department of the Interior's Distinguished Service Award.
Meier died in Boulder, Colorado, on November 25, 2012, at the age of 86.
# Ludwig Nohl

Ludwig Nohl (5 December 1831 in Iserlohn – 15 December 1885 in Heidelberg) was a German writer and musicologist best known for discovering and publishing Beethoven's famous bagatelle, "Für Elise".

## Life

After graduation from the Gymnasium in Duisburg, Nohl studied jurisprudence at the universities in Bonn, Heidelberg, and Berlin, where he received instruction in music from Siegfried Dehn and Friedrich Kiel. From 1853 to 1856 he was a referendary and undertook journeys to France and Italy, and he also taught music in Heidelberg. In 1860 he wrote his thesis on Mozart and earned the rank of privatdozent for "History and Aesthetic of Musical Art."
In 1864 he moved to Munich and made an introduction to Richard Wagner, whose works he had praised in his writings. In 1865 he was awarded by King Ludwig II the title of Professor of Music at the University of Munich for his compilation of Mozart's letters. The university faculty, however, was disinclined to Nohl, and he was not given any teaching duties. In that year he discovered through the "industrial teacher" Babeth Bredl in Munich the now-lost autograph of Beethoven's Bagatelle Für Elise. The work was first published in 1867 in Nohl's book "New Beethoven Letters" (Neue Briefe Beethovens).
From 1868 to 1872 he lived in Badenweiler and eventually returned to Heidelberg. In 1875, he was a Dozent at the polytechnic in Karlsruhe (predecessor to the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology) and became a full professor in 1880.
He was one of the most widely read writers on music of his time. His many books went through many printings. His main legacy is as a Beethoven scholar, and a portion of his writings are housed at the state archive in Iserlohn.
# 2012 New Haven Open at Yale

The 2012 New Haven Open at Yale (New Haven Open at Yale presented by First Niagara for sponsorship reasons) was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 44th edition of the New Haven Open at Yale, and was part of the Premier Series of the 2012 WTA Tour. It took place at the Cullman-Heyman Tennis Center in New Haven, Connecticut, United States, from August 17 through August 25, 2012. It was the last event on the 2012 US Open Series before the 2012 US Open.

## Singles main-draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Ranking* | Seed |
| POL | Agnieszka Radwańska | 3 | 1 |
| CZE | Petra Kvitová | 5 | 2 |
| DEN | Caroline Wozniacki | 8 | 3 |
| ITA | Sara Errani | 10 | 4 |
| FRA | Marion Bartoli | 11 | 5 |
| SVK | Dominika Cibulková | 13 | 6 |
| RUS | Maria Kirilenko | 14 | 7 |
| CZE | Lucie Šafářová | 19 | 8 |
* Seedings are based on the rankings of August 13, 2012

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Petra Kvitová
* Bethanie Mattek-Sands
* Laura Robson
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Tímea Babos
* Nicole Gibbs
* Alexa Glatch
* Olga Govortsova
The following players entry as lucky loser:
* Vera Dushevina
* Melanie Oudin

### Withdrawals

The following players withdrew from the singles main draw:
* Kaia Kanepi (achilles tendon injury)
* Christina McHale (gastrointestinal illness)
* Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova
* Flavia Pennetta (wrist injury)
* Francesca Schiavone (gastrointestinal illness)

### Retirements

* Mona Barthel (gastrointestinal illness)
* Varvara Lepchenko (wrist injury)
* Agnieszka Radwańska (right shoulder injury)
* Caroline Wozniacki (right knee injury)

## Doubles main-draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| USA | Liezel Huber | USA | Lisa Raymond | 2 | 1 |
| CZE | Andrea Hlaváčková | CZE | Lucie Hradecká | 21 | 2 |
| SLO | Katarina Srebotnik | CHN | Zheng Jie | 38 | 3 |
| ESP | Nuria Llagostera Vives | ESP | María José Martínez Sánchez | 38 | 4 |
* $^1$ Rankings are as of August 13, 2012

### Other entrants

The following pair received wildcard into the doubles main draw:
* Tímea Babos / Sloane Stephens
The following pair received entry as alternates:
* Sílvia Soler Espinosa / Carla Suárez Navarro

### Withdrawals

* Paola Suárez (low back injury)

## Finals
### Singles

Petra Kvitová defeated Maria Kirilenko, 7–6$^{(11–9)}$, 7–5

### Doubles

Liezel Huber / Lisa Raymond defeated Andrea Hlaváčková / Lucie Hradecká, 4–6, 6–0, [10–4]
# Joseph and Esther Phillips Plantation

The Joseph and Esther Phillips Plantation, also known as The Old Ritter Farm, is an historic American home and farm located in West Fallowfield Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

## History and architectural features

This plantation was established in 1813 when the house was built. The house is a 2½-story, five-bay, stuccoed limestone structure. It was built in the Georgian "I"-plan, and has a Gothic Revival-style porch that was added during the 1850s. Other contributing buildings are two stone and frame bank barns, a stone octagonal smokehouse, a frame carriage house and workshop, and a two-story, stone spring house.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.