OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Raimund Bethge

Raimund Bethge (born 7 July 1947 in Schwedt, Brandenburg) is an East German bobsledder who competed in the late 1970s. He took up the sport in 1975. He won a complete set of medals at the FIBT World Championships with a gold in four-man (1977), a silver in two-man (1978, and a bronze in four-man (1978). He also took a silver in the European Championships in 1978 in the four-man event. Bethge also competed at the 1976 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck, finishing fourth in the four-man event and seventh in the two-man event.
Prior to his role in bobsleigh, Bethge was national champion in the 110 metres hurdles in 1969, and finished fifth in the event at the 1969 European Championships in Athletics in Athens. He also won East German national titles in the 110 metres hurdles and the indoor 55 metres hurdles in 1969 and as part of a successful 4 × 100 metres relay team in 1970.
Bethge was forced to retire from bobsleigh in 1979 following a bus accident. That same year he took up coaching, initially as an assistant club coach at the Oberhof track. He became a trainer for the bobsleigh federation in East Germany, then for unified Germany after East and West Germany reunified in 1990. One of the athletes he trained was Wolfgang Hoppe, who would later become a coach for the German team. Another would be Christoph Langen, another successful bobsledder who was appointed as coach of the German team in 2010.
Bethge was named trainer of the year in Germany in 2006 by the German Olympic Sports Confederation as a result of his successes that included 80 men's bobsleigh medals overall (Winter Olympics, World championship, and European championship), 11 women's bobsleigh medals overall, and 11 skeleton medals overall. He donated the €10,000 prize money to the German Bobsleigh, Luge, and Skeleton Federation to fund youth development. He was able to attend the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin despite breaking both of his legs after being hit by an Australian bobsled during a practice run at Cesana Pariol on 30 November 2005. Bethge was planning to avoid travelling to the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver due to health problems arising from these injuries, but after the whole German team appealed to him to reconsider by wearing "Raimund for Whistler" t-shirts at a World Cup race in St. Moritz he agreed to attend the Games. He retired from coaching in August 2010.
Bethge is the half-brother of the sports shooter Bernhard Hochwald and Katja Klepp is his sister-in-law.
# Morgenthau

Morgenthau is a German surname meaning "morning dew". Notable people with the surname include:
* Elinor Morgenthau (1891–1949), American Democratic party activist
* Hans Morgenthau (1904–1980), German-American international relations theorist
* Henry Morgenthau Sr. (1856–1946), American diplomat and businessman
* Henry Morgenthau Jr. (1891–1967), United States Secretary of the Treasury and proponent of the Morgenthau Plan
* Henry Morgenthau III (1917–2018) American author and television producer
* Kramer Morgenthau (1966–) American cinematographer
* Robert M. Morgenthau (1919–2019), American lawyer

## In popular culture

Some fictional characters with this surname are:
* Karl Morgenthau
* Karli Morgenthau
# Fadi Abboud

Fadi Abboud (Arabic: فادي عبود; born 21 March 1955) is a Lebanese politician and businessman.

## Early life and education

Abboud was born into a Maronite Christian family in Sakiyat Al Misk on 21 March 1955. He graduated from the International School of Choueifat and later studied economics at the University of Westminster in London.

## Career

Abboud began his career as the chairman of General Packaging Industries in 1982. He was twice appointed the president of the Association of Lebanese Industrialists. He was also a member of the American Lebanese Chamber of Commerce and the International Chamber of Commerce.
He was appointed minister of tourism in the Saad Hariri's cabinet in November 2009. He was reappointed to the same post in the Najib Mikati's cabinet in June 2011. Abboud's term ended on 15 February 2014, and Michel Pharoun was appointed tourism minister.

### Alliances

Abboud is close to the Syrian Socialist Nationalist Party and the Free Patriotic Movement.

## Personal life

Abboud married Sara Lilianna Saban in 1986. They have two children.
# Norsk Tipping

Norsk Tipping is a Norwegian gambling company headquartered in Hamar, Norway. Founded in 1948, Norsk Tipping is owned by the Norwegian government and administered by the Norwegian Ministry of Culture. The company offers a wide range of lottery, sports and instant games in the Norwegian market. Since its foundation, the profit from the company’s operations have been channelled back to the Norwegian sport and cultural sectors.

## History

Football pools were the only game when the Norsk Tipping AS was founded in 1948. At that time, the organisation was run as a limited company with the Norwegian State holding 40%, the Norwegian Sports Federation 40%, and the Norwegian Football Association 20%. The profit was at first shared between sports and research projects. Today the company also raises money for cultural causes, and the surplus is divided 50/50 between sports and culture.
In 1993, the Norwegian State took full ownership of the company.
Norsk Tipping’s website was established in 1999 with results service and daily updates of the information for players. In 2001, after the webpage was tested, Norsk Tipping started to offer its products on the Internet.
In November 2005, Norsk Tipping started to provide most of the games via mobile phones.

## Games

The company operates the games of chance, Lotto, Viking Lotto, Keno and Joker; the games of skill Tipping and Oddsen, and the scratch card game, Flax. In addition, the company operates the TV game, Extra, on behalf of the Norwegian Foundation for Health and Rehabilitation. Norsk Tipping games are also available to play on smartphones and on their website. All games from Norsk Tipping except Flax requires the player to be registered and have a playcard.

### Lotto

Lotto is a money game established in 1986 and modeled after similar games in other countries. The drawing of numbers is done every week live on NRK. In 2004, Norwegians played Lotto for 3,5 billion Norwegian kroner, making it the largest game in the country.
In the pot are 34 numbers, and of these seven are drawn as main series numbers, while three additional numbers are drawn for determining certain consolation prizes. Prizes are awarded for (in descending value)
* 7 correct numbers
* 6 correct numbers + at least 1 additional number
* 6 correct numbers
* 5 correct numbers
* 4 correct numbers + at least 1 additional number
Half of the income collected from people participating is distributed back as prizes. Each of the five prizes get a certain percentage of the prize fund, and the money is shared among those eligible. The profit from the lottery is spent on cultural and sports-related activities, formerly research was also funded. In the event that nobody had seven correct numbers, this portion of the prize fund is carried over to next week's draw.
The theoretical chance of winning any prize, is 1: 138, while the probability of a person winning first prize is ${\frac {7!27!}{34!}}$, or 1 in 5,379,616.
# Iran–Armenia gas pipeline

The Iran–Armenia gas pipeline is a 140-kilometre (87 mi) long pipeline from Iran to Armenia. The 100-kilometre (62 mi) long Iranian section runs from Tabriz to the Iran–Armenia border. The Armenian section runs from the Meghri region to Kajaran, and another 197 kilometres (122 mi) of pipeline is planned to reach the center of the country, where it will link up with the existing distribution network.

## History

The plans to build the pipeline for Iranian gas to flow into Armenia were initially announced on 15 April 2002 by Armenian Energy Minister Armen Movsisian. It started operations on 20 December 2006, and was officially inaugurated by the Presidents Mahmoud Ahmadinejad of Iran and Robert Kocharyan of Armenia on 19 March 2007. There are discussions to build a second pipeline from Iran to Armenia.

## Technical features

The pipeline diameter is 700 millimetres (28 in) and it cost about US$220 million. The initial capacity of pipeline is 1.1 billion cubic meters (bcm) of natural gas per year, which will be increased up to 2.3 bcm by 2019. The contract was signed for 20 years. For each cubic meter of the Iranian gas, Armenia is supposed to return 3 kwh of electric energy to Iran.

## Political controversy

Many suspect that the pipeline's diameter was reduced from 1,420 to 700 millimetres (56 to 28 in) under pressure from Gazprom, which purchased a majority share in the Armenian section of the pipeline through its subsidiary, Armrosgazprom. If the pipeline had been built at the initial diameter, it would have allowed Iran to export to markets in Europe, therefore competing with Russia's own natural gas industry. Analysts argue that the pipeline was in part intended to extend Iran's influence in Caucasus, however was subdued due to Russian control before the construction ended.
On 11 November 2009, Armenian officials reported an explosion of some segment of the pipeline within the Armenian borders. Once the damage is repaired, Iran will resume flow of gas to Armenia.
# La Gran Cruzada (2011)

La Gran Cruzada (2011) (Spanish for "The Great Crusade") was the first annual professional wrestling event billed as La Gran Cruzada produced by Mexican professional wrestling promotion International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG). The event took place on November 13, 2011 in Arena Naucalpan, Naucalpan, State of Mexico, Mexico, IWRG's main venue. The main event of the show was the eponymous La Gran Cruzada tournament, which was 30-man Battle Royal with the winner being named the number one contender for the Rey del Ring Championship and would receive a match against Rey del Ring Champion Pantera at a later date.

## Production
### Background

In 2011 the Mexican wrestling promotion International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG; Sometimes referred to as Grupo Internacional Revolución in Spanish) started to award a championship belt to the winner of their annual Rey del Ring ("King of the Ring") tournament that could be defended between the annual tournaments. As a result IWRG also added an annual La Gran Cruzada ("The Great Crusade") tournament about halfway between the Rey del Ring tournaments. Like the Rey del Ring the eponymous Gran Cruzada match is a 30-man elimination match similar in concept to the WWE's annual Royal Rumble match. The winner of the Gran Cruzada tournament would become the number one contender for the Rey del Ring Championship with a title match at a later date. The La Gran Cruzada shows, as well as the majority of the IWRG shows in general, are held in "Arena Naucalpan", owned by the promoters of IWRG and their main arena. The 2011 La Gran Cruzada show was the first time that IWRG promoted a show under that name.

### Storylines

The event featured four professional wrestling matches with different wrestlers involved in pre-existing scripted feuds, plots and storylines. Wrestlers were portrayed as either heels (referred to as rudos in Mexico, those that portray the "bad guys") or faces (técnicos in Mexico, the "good guy" characters) as they followed a series of tension-building events, which culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches.

## Results

| No. | Results | Stipulations |
| 1 | Kaving and Matrix, Jr. defeated Demente and Dragón Celestial – Two falls to zero | Best two-out-of-three falls tag team match |
| 2 | Los Gemelos Fantasticos (I and II) defeated Los Astros (Astro de Plata and Astro Rey, Jr.) – Two falls to one | Best two-out-of-three falls six-man tag team match |
| 3 | Rolling Boy and Saruman defeated King Drako and Kortiz – Two falls to one | Best two-out-of-three falls tag team match |
| 4 | Trauma I won the Gran Cruzada Also in the match: Oficial 911, Oficial AK-47, Alan Extreme, Apolo Estrada, Jr., Avisman, Black Terry, Bugambilia del Norte, Carta Brava, Jr., Centvrión, Chico Che, Dinamic Black, El Hijo del Diablo, Eragon, Eterno, Oficial Fierro, Freeyser, Golden Magic, Halcón 2000, El Hijo de Máscara Año 2000, El Hijo de Pirata Morgan, Imposible, Machin, Máscara Año 2000, Jr., Multifacético, Oficial Rayan, Oficial Spartan, Trauma II, Tritón and Zumbi | La Gran Cruzada 2011, Rey del Ring #1 Contendership 30-Man Battle Royal |
# Kotowo, Gmina Śrem

Kotowo is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Śrem, within Śrem County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) east of Śrem and 37 km (23 mi) south-east of the regional capital Poznań.
# 2020 Afrin bombing

36°30′43″N 36°52′10″E﻿ / ﻿36.5119°N 36.8694°E﻿ / 36.5119; 36.8694
vteSyrian civil war :
Timeline
Background and causes
Casualties
Cities
map
Terrorism
Massacres :
The 2020 Afrin bombing was a truck bombing in the city of Afrin, Syria. The bombing occurred on 28 April 2020 and killing 53 people and injuring a least another 50.

## Bombing

On the afternoon of 28 April 2020, a truck bombing occurred a few meters away from the governor's residence in Raju street in Afrin, Aleppo Governorate. A bomb in a tank truck was detonated at an open-air market in Souk Ali in the city centre. According to the governor of the neighbouring Hatay province, across the Turkish border, the explosion was believed to have been caused by the rigging of a fuel tanker with hand grenades. The attack killed at least 53 civilians (including 11 children) and 12 Turkish-backed fighters, and injured over 50 others. Many people, alongside those who got trapped in their cars were burnt to death as a result of the blast, Syrian activists disclosed.

## Responsibility

The Turkish government immediately blamed the People's Protection Units (YPG). The Syrian Democratic Council and the commander-in-chief of the Syrian Democratic Forces, Mazloum Abdi, condemned the bombing and blamed Turkish policy, pointing out that "gangs armed by Turkey" had been involved in similar attacks.
According to the German Marxist newspaper Junge Welt, the nature of the attack and recent tensions suggests a jihadist group. Clashes between jihadist militias regularly take place in the Afrin and Idlib regions. Significant tensions have recently re-emerged between Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), the main rebel jihadist force in Idlib, and the Turkish government. HTS has accused Ankara of treason since the Russian-Turkish ceasefire agreed in early March 2020. The week prior to the Afrin bombing, the militiamen destroyed a Turkish tank while the Turkish Air Force allegedly destroyed a HTS base by drone.
# Hoeflea phototrophica

Hoeflea phototrophica are aerobic marine bacteria from the genus of Hoeflea which was isolated from a culture of Prorocentrum lima.
# 1947 in Denmark

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
Events from the year 1947 in Denmark.

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Christian X (until 20 April), Frederik IX
* Prime minister – Knud Kristensen (until 13 November), Hans Hedtoft

## Events

* 20 April – King Christian X dies, and is succeeded on the throne by his elder son, King Frederik IX.
* 13 November – Prime Minister Knud Kristensen resigns following a motion of no confidence, and is replaced by Hans Hedtoft.

## Sports
### Football

* Ab wins 1946–47 Danish 1st Division. It is their sixth Danish football championship.

### Swimming

* 10–14 September – Denmark wins five gold medals and one bronze medal at the 1947 European Aquatics Championships.

### Other

* 29 June The Round Zealand sailing race takes place for the first time.

## Births
### January–March

* 23 February – Pia Kjærsgaard, politician

### April–June

* 29 April – Jacob Holdt, photographer
* 30 April – Birthe Neumann, actor

### July–September

* 12 July – Anne Marie Løn, author
* 16 July – Anders Koppel, musician
* 2 August – Sonja Hauberg, writer (born 1918)
* 4 September – Claus Hjort Frederiksen, politician
* 27 September – Jesper Tørring, athlete

### October–December

* 27 December – Kjeld Kirk Kristiansen, businessman and investor

## Deaths
### January–March

* 28 May – Hanna Adler, educator (born 1759)
* 10 January – August Blom, film director, production leader and pioneer of silent films (born 1869)
* 15 January – Georg Carl Amdrup, admiral, polar explorer (born 1866)
* 13 March – Gerda Christophersen, actress and director (born 1870)

### April–June

* 20 April – Christian X, King of Denmark (born 1870)
* 29 April – Ove Paulsen, botanist, professor at the Pharmaceutical College in Copenhagen 1920–1947 (born 1874)
* 4 May – Cathrine Horsbøl, furnituremaker (born 1872)
* 3 June – Sigurd Wandel, painter (born 1875)
* 18 June – Ejnar Martin Kjær, teacher and politician (born 1893)
* 25 June – Oluf Olsson, gymnast, silver medallist at the 1906 Intercalated Games, bronze medallist at the 1912 Summer Olympics (born 1873)
# Grit Müller

Grit Müller (born 6 June 1972) is a retired German swimmer who won a silver medal in the 800 m freestyle at the 1991 World Aquatics Championships and a bronze medal in the 400 m individual medley at the 1989 European Aquatics Championships. She also won six national titles in the 4×200 m relay (1988), 400 m freestyle (1991), 800 m freestyle (1990) and 400 m medley (1989–91).
# Bana Wala

Bana Wala (sometimes spelled Banawala) is a small village in Mansa district of Punjab, India. It has become a noted village of Punjab as a new Talwandi Sabo Power Plant, with the capacity of 2640 megawatt, is under construction here.

## Geography

Bana Wala is approximately centered at 29°56′20″N 75°13′52″E﻿ / ﻿29.93889°N 75.23111°E﻿ / 29.93889; 75.23111. Raipur, Peron, Chhapian Wali, Talwandi Aklia (Chhoti Talwandi), Chehlan Wala and Behniwal are the surrounding villages.

## Culture

Punjabi is the mother tongue as well as the official language here. The villagers mainly belongs to the Maanshahia clan of Jatt people.
The population mainly follows the Sikhism.

## Power plant

The Talwandi Sabo Power Limited Thermal Plant is just under construction and will be running from the end of 2012. It has the capacity of 1980 megawatt if three units and 2640 megawatt if four units, having 660 megawatt each.
# Jefferson Ordnance Magazine

The Jefferson Ordnance Magazine in Jefferson, Texas, United States, is located 0.3 miles northeast of the US-59B crossing of Big Cypress Bayou. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.
It is located across the Big Cypress Bayou waterway from Jefferson and Cypress Bayou Railway. It is claimed by the railway operators and tour guides to be the only remaining Confederate powder magazine from the 1860s. That claim, appearing at this website advertising a train tour, appears to be false, as it does not take into account powder magazines that are included in surviving confederate forts. A specific counter-example to the claim is the Confederate Powderworks, in Georgia, whose powder magazines disprove the claim.
A narrower claim, that it is the only surviving Confederate powder house in Texas and one of few in the U.S., is stated by the Historic Jefferson Foundation. An even more narrow claim, that it is "the most intact example in East Texas of a Civil War era brick ordnance magazine directly associated with the Trans-Mississippi Department of the Confederate States of America," appears in a planning document prepared by the Texas Historical Commission.
The magazine was built in late 1863 or early 1864. "Ninety percent of the building is original and remains unaltered except for some weathering, aging brick and some sympathetic repairs." However, two smaller associated buildings have been dismantled, apparently for their bricks.
The Ordnance Magazine and the property it sits on is owned by the Historic Jefferson Foundation. This property is landlocked and the road to the magazine is on private property, today it can only be viewed by riding the Jefferson and Cypress Bayou Railway, or taking the Turning Basin Riverboat Tour, both of which are attractions in Jefferson, Texas.
# Lower Circular Road cemetery

Lower Circular Road Cemetery, also known as General Episcopal Cemetery, is located on the crossing of Mother Teresa Sarani (former Park Street) and Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Road (former Lower Circular Road), Kolkata, India, with its entrance on Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Road.

## History

Lower Circular Road Cemetery was established on 1840 and is still operating as a functional cemetery. It contains approximately 12,000 graves including many former British East India Company employees. There are two Second World War Commonwealth war graves, of an officer of the British Indian Army and a purser of the BOAC.

## Notable graves

* Charles Freer Andrews (died 1940)
* Leslie Claudius (died 2012)
* Henri Hover Locke
* Michael Madhusudan Dutt (died 1873)
* Jules Henri Jean Schaumburg
* Henry Whitelock Torrens (died 1852)
* John Elliot Drinkwater Bethune (died 1851)
* Neil O'Brien (died 2016)
* William Hay Macnaghten
* Heinrich Blochmann (1838-1878), philologist
# Chapelton railway station

Chapelton railway station serves the hamlet of Chapelton, part of the civil parish of Tawstock in the English county of Devon. It is a rural station on the Tarka Line to Barnstaple, 35 miles 52 chains (57.4 km) from Exeter Central at milepost 207 from London Waterloo.
It is the least used station in Devon in most year's government statistics, for example it had just 186 passengers recorded in the 2023-24 year.

## History

The North Devon Railway opened through Chapelton on 1 August 1854 but there was only a goods siding at that time. A wooden platform was erected on the east side of the single track so passengers could use the trains from 8 June 1857. Trains called every day for a while but then from the following April they were reduced to just two days most weeks. By October they were calling on Fridays only until April 1860 when they stopped all together. A new stone platform was built and services resumed on 1 March 1875.
The line was doubled on 19 October 1890 so a second platform was built for the new northbound line. A signal box was built on the new platform behind which was the station's goods yard. Much of the freight traffic was timber from a sawmill that was opened in 1930. Much of the timber was sold to railway companies (who used it to build freight wagons) and coal mines (for pit props).
The goods yard was closed on 4 January 1965 and the signal box, which had mainly been opened only when goods trains were shunting, was closed on 26 January 1966. On 21 May 1971 the line was reduced to just a single track again.

## Description

The station is situated a little to the south of the hamlet of Chapelton alongside the A377 road. A footpath crosses the railway that leads to the minor road on the east side of the valley.
The single platform, which is long enough for a 7 coach train, is on the west side of the track. There is a car park, bike rack, and waiting shelter. The building on the disused platform opposite was built for the station master but is now in private use.

## Services

All services at Chapelton are operated by Great Western Railway. Only a limited number of trains (two each way on Monday-Saturdays and four each way on Sundays) between Barnstaple and Exeter Central call at Chapelton and this is only on request to the conductor or by signalling the driver as it approaches.
| Preceding station | National Rail | National Rail | National Rail | Following station |
| BarnstapleTerminus | | Great Western RailwayTarka Line | | Umberleightowards Exeter Central |

## Community railway

The railway between Exeter and Barnstaple is designated as a community railway and is supported by marketing provided by the Devon and Cornwall Rail Partnership. The line is promoted as the Tarka Line.