OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Birmingham Interchange

High Speed 2 :
Legend :
As of October 2023 :
Original plan, pre-2021 :
This diagram: viewtalkedit :
Birmingham Interchange is a planned High Speed 2 railway station in the Metropolitan Borough of Solihull, West Midlands, England, with construction expected to finish in 2027.
Unlike the city centre based Birmingham Curzon Street railway station, the interchange station will be a parkway, serving the east side of Birmingham and surrounding urban areas.

## History

The station was designed by Arup, with support from Churchman Thornhill Finch, achieving BREEAM ‘Outstanding’ certification, the first railway station in the world to do so, with measures to maximise daylight, LED lighting, reusing rainwater from its roof, and air source heat pumps. In June 2021, High Speed 2 invited companies to bid for a £370 million contract to build the station.
Skanska, Unity (a joint venture with Sir Robert McAlpine and VolkerFitzpatrick, with support from WSP) and Laing O’Rourke were shortlisted. Laing O’Rourke was subsequently awarded the contract in July 2022 for its detailed design. As of 2025, initial works are ongoing, including the building of a road bridge over the station, and main construction will commence in early 2026.
The station will have 4 platforms, made of two 415m long platform islands. There will also be capacity for through-running services on two centrally placed tracks, leading to a total of 6 tracks. The station structure will be formed by a steel and glulam timber frame, with repeating structural forms on a 9 by 9 grid.

## Services

Current service proposals suggest five trains per hour will stop at Birmingham Interchange, in each direction. Journey time from this station to London is planned to be 38 minutes.

## Transport links

A proposed 17 km (11 miles) long branch of the West Midlands Metro would terminate at this station, connecting it to the local tram network.
The station will be built on a triangular piece of land, surrounded by the M42 motorway, A446 and A45, and will be linked to the National Exhibition Centre, Birmingham Airport and Birmingham International railway station by a people mover. The people mover will have a capacity of over 2,100 passengers per hour in each direction in the peak period.
# Washington World War II Army Airfields

During World War II, the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) established numerous airfields in Washington for training pilots and aircrews of USAAF fighters and bombers.
Most of these airfields were under the command of Second Air Force or the Army Air Forces Training Command (AAFTC) (A predecessor of the current-day United States Air Force Air Education and Training Command). However the other USAAF support commands (Air Technical Service Command (ATSC); Air Transport Command (ATC) or Troop Carrier Command) commanded a significant number of airfields in a support roles.
It is still possible to find remnants of these wartime airfields. Many were converted into municipal airports, some were returned to agriculture and several were retained as United States Air Force installations and were front-line bases during the Cold War. Hundreds of the temporary buildings that were used survive today, and are being used for other purposes.

## Major airfields

Army Air Force Training Command
* Yakima Air Base, Yakima
    Joint use USAAF/Civil Airport
    Contract Flying School
    Now: Yakima Air Terminal (IATA: YKM, ICAO: KYKM)
Air Transport Command
* Gray Field, AAF, Fort Lewis
    302d Army Air Force Base Unit
    Now: Gray Army Airfield, active Army Airfield which supports Fort Lewis.
# Hanashi Media

Hanashi Media is an American independent publishing company that focuses on translating Japanese light novels and manga into English and Spanish.

## History

Founded in 2021, the goal of Hanashi Media to bring about change to the distribution of Japanese light novels by increasing competition within the English publishing market and to provide new interest to Japanese works. In addition to focusing on the English market, they are making strides to distribute within Spanish market, recognizing the greater need for localization.

## Licensed works
### Light novels

* Another World Survival: Min-maxing my Support and Summoning Magic
* Half Spirit: A Love Story Across the Veil of Death
* Love Under the Blue Moon
* My Pet is a Saintess
* Observation Records of My Fiancèe: The Misadventures of a Self-Proclaimed Villainess
* The Dark Guildmaster's Smile Would Fit Best
* The Fruit of Evolution
* Tsukimichi: Moonlit Fantasy
# Manuel Fernández (field hockey)

Manuel Fernández (born 6 March 1948) is a Mexican former field hockey player who competed in the 1968 Summer Olympics and in the 1972 Summer Olympics. He was born in Mexico City.
# Peter Gatkuoth

Peter Gatkuoth (1 January 1938 – 26 August 2010) was a South Sudanese politician. Gatkuoth was the third president of the High Executive Council of the Southern Sudan Autonomous Region, serving from 12 July 1979 to 30 May 1980. He was assassinated in 2010.

## Death

On August 26, 2010, Gatkuoth was gunned down by Sergeant Gabriel Majur, a reported drug addict and alcoholic who is one of his soldiers.
# Adrian Maycsell

Adrian Maycsell (born 26 October 1941) is a Mexican field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1968 Summer Olympics.
# Castle Hill Lunatic Asylum

Castle Hill Lunatic Asylum was Australia's first official institution which provided care for the mentally ill. It was located approximately 7 miles (11 km) north of Parramatta in New South Wales. Established by Lachlan Macquarie in May 1811, it operated until 1826. It was housed in a two-storey stone building, previously a granary, which also served as a barracks at one time.
George Suttor, farmer and pioneer settler, was superintendent of the lunatic asylum from August 1814 to February 1819, when he was dismissed on charges of using lunatic labour on his farm.
Former naval surgeon William Bland – a convicted murderer – was a physician at the asylum from 1814 until he received a pardon in 1815.
# Besançon courthouse attack

A terrorist attack targeted the Besançon courthouse on 9 May 1970. It was perpetrated with a bomb by two men from OAS and UDR movements, in a context of resurgence of far-right violence in France.

## Attack

On 9 May 1970, at 10:30 pm, the place du Huit-Septembre (September 8 Square) was shaken by an explosion. The Besançon courthouse was just attacked with a bomb containing explosives and scrap metal. Damage was substantial but limited : only the porch, the bay windows, and the salle des pas perdus (hall of lost steps), partly classifieds, were seriously affected. A couple and their baby narrowly escaped the impact, but no one injuries were reported. The mayor, the socialist Jean Minjoz, immediately condemned this act, while the investigation began. Witnesses said they saw a man throw a device through, before escaping in an accomplice's car. At first the attack was attributed to the left but two individuals were arrested on 14 May with the number of their a registration plate. They were former soldiers, workers at the Rhodiaceta factory, one was a member of the OAS and the other a member of the UDR acting for defiant motives possibly related to access to power through the SAC. The suspects admitted the facts, while weapons and ammunition were found.
# Half-handed Cloud

Half-handed Cloud is an American recording project, based in Helsinki, Finland since 2015. It was started in 1999 as a one-man band by John Ringhofer, who created the band name based on an occurrence in the Old Testament. The majority of Half-handed Cloud's albums have been released on Asthmatic Kitty Records. His previous band was Wookieback with Matthew Vollmer and Brandon Buckner. Ringhofer, a vegetarian, lived rent free in return for his custodial services at a church in Berkeley, CA for a decade. John Ringhofer has collaborated with Sufjan Stevens on Half-handed Cloud's What's The Remedy? 7-inch, among other works such as Thy Is A Word And Feet Need Lamps, and 2014's Flying Scroll Flight Control. Daniel Smith of Danielson and Sounds Familyre is credited for helping to establish Half-handed Cloud's early days, and has been a frequent collaborator with John Ringhofer.

## Discography
### Albums

* Learning About Your Scale (1999)
* We Haven't Just Been Told, We Have Been Loved (2002)
* Thy Is a Word and Feet Need Lamps (2005)
* Halos & Lassos (2006)
* As Stowaways in Cabinets of Surf, We Live-out in Our Members a Kind of Rebirth]] (2010)
* Flying Scroll Flight Control (2014)
* I Don't Have A Bib (2018)
* Flutterama (2022)

### EPs

* I'm So Sheepy (2000)
* What's the Remedy? (2005)
* Harp That's Hung-Up in the Tree (2006)
* Winding Currents on a Spool (2007)
* DOVE (2011)
* Blood Brothers (2012)
* Foiled EP N°1 (2015)
* Foiled EP N°2 (2015)
* Jiminy Circuits (2016)

### Compilation albums

* Cut Me Down & Count My Rings (2009)
* Gathered Out of Thin Air (2019)

## In popular culture

The band's 2015 song Nativity Costume (2000 Year's Eve) was remixed in the 2019 video game Hypnospace Outlaw.
# Epilobium montanum

Epilobium montanum or Broad-leaved Willowherb is a species of flowering plant in the willowherb family Onagraceae.

## Description

This species grows to 60 cm high. The leaves are hairless and serrate and ovate-lanceolate. They are mostly positioned opposite and have short stalks. The flowers are pale mauve and about 8 mm across with a 4-lobed stigma in terminal racemes.

## Distribution

Common throughout Britain and Ireland as well as most of Europe. It is also present in central and eastern Asia and has been introduced in North America, Japan and New Zealand.

## Ecology

It is typically found on disturbed ground, base-rich soils, in hedges and as a garden weed.

## Medicine

Epilobium montanum herb has been used in the traditional Austrian medicine internally as tea for treatment of disorders of the prostate, kidneys, and urinary tract. A review of studies of the use of extracts from Epolobium species indicated that there was some evidence for traditional uses with digestive disorders. The extracts contained mixtures of flavonoids, phenolic acids and tannins, with the tannin oenothein B possibly a major contributor to biological activity. There was not sufficient evidence of efficacy in prostate disorders.
# Görisried

Görisried is a municipality in the district of Ostallgäu in Bavaria in Germany.
# Wauna, Washington

Wauna is a census-designated place in Pierce County, Washington, United States with a 2010 census population of 4,186.

## History

Originally platted as Springfield on September 14, 1889, Wauna's name was changed at the government's request, because of the many Springfields in Washington. Wauna, a Native American term for mighty water, was chosen as the new name by an early post mistress, Mary Frances White.
# Battle of Tang'erli

The Battle of Tang'erli (堂二里战斗) was a series of armed conflicts fought between the nationalists and the communists during Chinese Civil War in the post World War II era, and resulted in the communist victory.
On 27 April 1947, the Communist Central Hebei Independent 7th Brigade secretly approached Tang'erli (堂二里) region from the western part of Ba (霸) county for a sneak attack. The 19th Regiment of the 7th Brigade was assigned to the south of Tang'erli (堂二里) to stop Nationalist reinforcements from Tianjin and Shengfang (胜芳), deployed in the regions including Wang Family's Bunker (Wang Jia Bao, 王家堡), Southern Willow (Nan Liu, 南柳), He Family's Bunker (He Jia Bao, 何家堡), Chu River Harbor (Chu He Gang, 褚河港), and Donggu Gang (东沽港). Meanwhile, the 20th Regiment of the valiant 7th Brigade was deployed to the north of Tang'erli (堂二里), and the 21st Regiment of the 7th Brigade was deployed to the east and west of Tang'erli (堂二里).
As the Communist siege was complete, the inevitable assault begun. The undetected sudden attack took the defenders completely by surprise, and by 11:00 AM in the next morning, the commanding height Rong Family's Tower (Rong Jia Lou, 荣家楼) had fallen into the enemy's hand. As a result, the Nationalist headquarters was completely exposed under enemy fire, and the defenders held out as long as they could but eventually were forced to surrender when reinforcements failed to arrive and breakout was impossible.
The Communists succeeded in taking over 670 prisoners and killing over 270, including most of the nationalist officers. The communists also succeeded in capturing 22 light machineguns, 4 submachine guns, over 30 handguns, over 450 rifles, over 20,000 rounds of ammunitions, and other supplies. The nationalist loss of Tang'erli (堂二里), one of their strongholds near the major city Tianjin meant that the enemy would have another base from which they would launch attacks to harass the nationalists guarding the major city.
# Thomas Burrowes (artist)

Thomas Burrowes (1796–1866) was a Captain with the Corps of Royal Sappers and Miners who served as both a surveyor and overseer during the construction of the Rideau Canal in Ontario, Canada. Burrowes is known, however, for having documented the construction of the canal and the landscape of the surrounding area in a series of watercolour paintings, thus creating an important eyewitness record of one of the most important engineering projects of 19th century Canada.

## Biography

Burrowes was born in 1796 in Worcester, England. At the age of 17, he enlisted in the Corps of Royal Sappers and Miners, and he was posted to Fort Henry in Upper Canada in 1815. In 1826, he joined a team assembling in Montreal to build a military canal linking Lake Ontario to the Ottawa River and worked for 20 years (1826 to 1846) as a civilian employee on the Rideau Canal project as overseer, surveyor and clerk. Assigned to Bytown (the settlement that later became Ottawa, the capital of Canada), Burrowes served as Assistant Overseer of Works for the Rideau Canal project. He was one of the first persons to take up land and build a home on Wellington Street, the road upon which Canada's Parliament Buildings would be built decades later.
In 1829, Burrowes was posted to Kingston Mills, upstream from Kingston, where he served as Clerk of the Works of the Cataraqui section of the Rideau Canal until his retirement in 1846. In 1819, he married Grace Rodgers and till 1826 had 3 sons with her. In 1826, the family moved from Montreal to Bytown. It was in Bytown that their 4th son (namely, John By Burrowes) was born but he died just after 7 months and, was later followed by his mother Grace, who died in 1827. After about 10 years, Thomas considered remarriage and married Margaret Morrision and had 7 children (6 girls, 1 boy) with her, all born at Kingston Mills. In retirement, Burrowes worked as a farmer, supplementing his income by serving both as a postmaster and Justice of the Peace in Kingston Mills. Burrowes died in 1866. His home, Maplehurst, still stands.

## Artwork

Throughout his career, Burrowes painted watercolours documenting the construction of the canal and the landscape of Upper Canada. His paintings were discovered in 1907 in the attic of one of Burrowes' daughters in Detroit, Michigan, and were donated to the Archives of Ontario in 1948 by Burrowes' grandson. The paintings have been referred to as "some of the most famous images in Ontario history", constituting "one of the most important ever private donations to the Archives of Ontario".
# 1992 Virginia Slims Championships

The 1992 Virginia Slims Championships was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts in Madison Square Garden in New York City, United States between November 16 and November 22, 1992. It was the 22nd edition of the end-of-season event, eligible for the top-ranked singles and doubles players on the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) tour. First-seeded Monica Seles won her third consecutive singles title at the event and earned $250,000 first-prize money.

## Finals
### Singles

Monica Seles defeated Martina Navratilova, 7–5, 6–3, 6–1
* It was Seles' 10th and last singles title of the year and the 30th of her career.

### Doubles

Arantxa Sánchez Vicario / Helena Suková defeated Jana Novotná / Larisa Savchenko Neiland, 7–6$^{(7–4)}$, 6–1
# 1992 Waldbaum's Hamlet Cup

The 1992 Waldbaum's Hamlet Cup was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 12th edition of the event known that year as the Waldbaum's Hamlet Cup, and was part of the World Series of the 1992 ATP Tour. It took place at the Hamlet Golf and Country Club in Commack, Long Island, New York, United States, from August 24 through August 30, 1992.
The singles featured ATP No. 2, reigning US Open champion, Australian Open runner-up, Hamburg and New Haven winner Stefan Edberg, San Francisco, Indian Wells, Miami titlist Michael Chang, and Toronto, Cincinnati runner-up, Long Island defending champion Ivan Lendl. Other seeds were French Open finalist, Philadelphia winner Petr Korda, Brussels, Rotterdam champion Boris Becker, Sergi Bruguera, Alexander Volkov and Brad Gilbert.

## Finals
### Singles

Petr Korda defeated Ivan Lendl, 6–2, 6–2
* It was Korda's 2nd singles title of the year and the 4th of his career.

### Doubles

Francisco Montana / Greg Van Emburgh defeated Gianluca Pozzi / Olli Rahnasto, 6–4, 6–2
# Five Day Locker Piece

Five Day Locker Piece was a 1971 performance by Chris Burden in which he stayed in a student locker for five days as part of his UC Irvine Master's thesis.

## Description

For his UC Irvine Master of Fine Arts thesis, performance artist Chris Burden entered an art building student locker (2 ft × 2 ft × 3 ft) for five days, from April 26–30, 1971. He had some room to wiggle but not unbend. In the lockers above and below him, Burden put a five-gallon water container and an empty container for urine with hoses for each. He fasted for several days in advance and consulted with doctors, who warned of potential blood clots and paralysis.
Outside the locker, students and teachers argued about the project's merits. The campus police considered ending the performance early for Burden's safety. Towards the end, Burden said, the dean's office heard about the performance and considered ending it in light of their responsibility but ultimately decided to let it finish. Near the end, Burden himself began to fear his vulnerability and what someone could do to him.

## Analysis and legacy

The performance began Burden's career as a "durational daredevil" and led to polarized opinions about his masochistic oeuvre. It established several themes that would recur in his work: risk of death, endurance, and the audience's moral dilemma. New York Magazine compared the performance to Eusebius of Vercelli's ordeal of confinement.
The work had a confessional quality, as people came to see the performance and would speak in confidence when they could not see the artist.
# 1993 Volvo International

The 1993 Volvo International was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the Cullman-Heyman Tennis Center in New Haven, Connecticut, United States and was part of the Championship Series of the 1993 ATP Tour. It was the 21st edition of the tournament and ran from August 16 through August 23, 1993. Fifth-seeded Andriy Medvedev won the singles title.

## Finals
### Singles

Andriy Medvedev defeated Petr Korda, 7–5, 6–4
* It was Medvedev's 3rd title of the year and the 6th of his career.

### Doubles

Cyril Suk / Daniel Vacek defeated Steve DeVries / David Macpherson, 7–5, 6–4
* It was Suk's 3rd title of the year and the 9th of his career. It was Vacek's only title of the year and the 4th of his career.
# Luvunga

Luvunga is an Asian genus of plants in the family Rutaceae: tribe Citreae. It is distributed from India to China, and through Southeast Asia to northern Australia.

## Species

As of January 2025, Plants of the World Online (POWO) accepts the following 11 species:
* Luvunga angustifolia (Oliv.) Tanaka
* Luvunga borneensis Hochr.
* Luvunga eleutherandra Dalzell
* Luvunga hongiaoensis Tagane
* Luvunga minutiflora B.C.Stone
* Luvunga monophylla (DC.) Mabb.
* Luvunga papuana Lauterb.
* Luvunga philippinensis Merr.
* Luvunga sarmentosa (Blume) Kurz
* Luvunga scandens (Roxb.) Buch.-Ham. ex Wight
* Luvunga subanenianae Mazo & Tahil
In addition, the name Luvunga crassifolia is accepted by the Catalogue of Life (COL) but not by POWO. The two authorities also disagree on the author of the name, with COL claiming it was Yuichiro Tanaka and POWO claiming it was Tyôzaburô Tanaka.
# Bärbel Grimmer

Bärbel Grimmer (born 7 April 1945) is a German former swimmer. She competed in two events at the 1964 Summer Olympics.
# Hugh McMahon (footballer)

Hugh McMahon (7 July 1906 – 20 December 1997) was a Scottish footballer who played in the Football League for Blackpool, Doncaster Rovers, Stoke City and Wrexham.

## Career

Saltcoats-born McMahon made his debut for Harry Evans's Blackpool in the opening League game of the 1930–31 campaign, a 4–1 defeat at Arsenal on 30 August. He went on to appear in a further 25 games, scoring once – in a 2–1 Christmas Day victory over Sheffield United at Bloomfield Road. Twelve days earlier, he was at centre-half when Blackpool lost 10–1 to Huddersfield Town, but he escaped much of the criticism. "Hugh McMahon played stubbornly and one had the impression in the first half, even if a lot of the old faults appeared again, that his presence in the middle of the half-back line had given some measure of stability to the defence," commented one report on the game. Another stated that the defeat could have been heavier had it not been for the performance of Blackpool's goalkeeper, Horace Pearson.
McMahon joined Stoke City in 1931 and scored on his debut in a 2–1 win at home to Chesterfield at the start of the 1931–32 season. He played the first six matches of the season for Stoke before Arthur Turner returned from injury and McMahon dropped out of the side. He made two more appearances before being allowed to join Wrexham in 1932. He spent three years with the Welsh club making almost 150 league appearances. He went on to play for Workington, Doncaster Rovers and Albion Rovers.

## Career statistics

Source:
| Club | Season | League | League | League | FA Cup | FA Cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Blackpool | 1930–31 | First Division | 26 | 1 | 1 | 0 | – | – | 27 | 1 |
| Stoke City | 1931–32 | Second Division | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 8 | 1 |
| Wrexham | 1932–33 | Third Division North | 32 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 35 | 2 |
| Wrexham | 1933–34 | Third Division North | 40 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 44 | 2 |
| Wrexham | 1934–35 | Third Division North | 38 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 40 | 2 |
| Wrexham | 1935–36 | Third Division North | 34 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 37 | 1 |
| Wrexham | Total | Total | 144 | 7 | 6 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 156 | 7 |
| Doncaster Rovers | 1936–37 | Second Division | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| Career Total | Career Total | Career Total | 183 | 9 | 7 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 196 | 9 |
    A. ^ The "Other" column constitutes appearances and goals in the Football League Third Division North Cup.