# Bright Star (film)

Bright Star is a 2009 biographical romantic drama film, written and directed by Jane Campion. It is based on the last three years of the life of poet John Keats (played by Ben Whishaw) and his romantic relationship with Fanny Brawne (Abbie Cornish). Campion's screenplay was inspired by a 1997 biography of Keats by Andrew Motion, who served as a script consultant.
Bright Star was in the main competition at the 2009 Cannes Film Festival, and was first shown to the public on 15 May 2009. The film's title is a reference to a sonnet by Keats titled "Bright star, would I were stedfast as thou art", which he wrote while he was with Brawne.

## Plot

In 1818 Hampstead, the fashionable Fanny Brawne is introduced to poet John Keats through the Dilke family. The Dilkes occupy one half of a double house, with Charles Brown occupying the other half. Brown is Keats' friend, housemate, and associate in writing.
Fanny's flirtatious personality contrasts with Keats' notably more aloof nature. She begins to pursue him after her siblings Samuel and Toots obtain his book of poetry, "Endymion". Her efforts to interact with the poet are fruitless until he witnesses her grief for the loss of his brother, Tom. Keats begins to open up to her advances while spending Christmas with the Brawne family. He begins giving her poetry lessons, and it becomes apparent that their attraction is mutual. Fanny is nevertheless troubled by his reluctance to pursue her, as to which her mother surmises, "Mr. Keats knows he cannot like you, he has no living and no income."
It is only after Fanny receives a valentine card from Brown that Keats passionately confronts them and asks if they are lovers. Brown sent the valentine in jest, but warns Keats that Fanny is a mere flirt playing a game. Fanny is hurt by Brown's accusations and Keats' lack of faith in her; she ends their lessons and leaves. The Dilkes move to Westminster in the spring, leaving the Brawne family their half of the house and six months rent. Fanny and Keats then resume their interaction and fall deeply in love. The relationship comes to an abrupt end when Brown departs with Keats for his summer holiday, where Keats may earn some money. Fanny is heartbroken, though she is comforted by Keats' love letters. When the men return in the autumn, Fanny's mother voices her concern that Fanny's attachment to the poet will hinder her from being courted by a more obviously eligible suitor. Fanny and Keats secretly become engaged.
Keats contracts tuberculosis the following winter. He spends several weeks recovering until spring. His friends collect funds so that he may spend the following winter in Italy, where the climate is warmer. After Brown impregnates a maid and is unable to accompany him, Keats finds accommodation in London for the summer, and is later taken in by the Brawne family following an attack of his illness. When his book sells with moderate success, Fanny's mother gives him her blessing to marry Fanny once he returns from Italy. The night before he leaves, he and Fanny say their tearful goodbyes in privacy. Keats dies in Italy the following February of complications from his illness, as his brother Tom did.
In the last moments of the film, Fanny cuts her hair in an act of mourning, dons black attire, and walks the snowy paths that Keats had walked many times. It is there that she recites the love sonnet that he had written for her, called "Bright Star", as she grieves the death of her lover.

## Cast

* Ben Whishaw as John Keats. Keats was one of the key figures in the second generation of the Romantic movement despite the fact that his work had been in publication for only four years before his death. During his lifetime his poems were not generally well received by critics, and at the age of 25 he died believing that he was a failure. However, his reputation grew and he had a significant posthumous influence on many later poets.
* Abbie Cornish as Fanny Brawne. Like the real life Fanny Brawne, Fanny in the film is a fiery and fashionable eighteen-year-old who spends her time creating dresses, hats, and various other garments. She is also something of a flirt and enjoys attending balls, inciting Keats' jealousy. Though the real life Fanny Brawne went on to marry and have children, she never sold Keats' love letters. They were sold after her death by her children.
* Paul Schneider as Charles Armitage Brown, Keats' best friend.
* Kerry Fox as Fanny's mother, a widow.
* Thomas Sangster as Samuel Brawne, Fanny's younger brother.
* Edie Martin as Toots, Fanny's younger sister.
* Antonia Campbell-Hughes as Abigail O'Donaghue Brown, housemaid and mother of Charles Brown's child.
* Claudie Blakley as Mrs Dilke
* Gerard Monaco as Charles Dilke
* Olly Alexander as Tom Keats, Keats' brother
* Samuel Roukin as John Hamilton Reynolds
* Amanda Hale as Reynolds' Sister
* Jonathan Aris as Leigh Hunt
* Samuel Barnett as Joseph Severn

## Production

In addition to "Bright Star" several other poems are recited in the film, including "La Belle Dame sans Merci" and "Ode to a Nightingale". Both Campion and Whishaw completed extensive research in preparation for the film. Many of the lines in the script are taken directly from Keats' letters. Whishaw, as well, learned how to write with a quill and ink during filming. The letters that Fanny Brawne receives from Keats in the film were actually written by Whishaw in his own hand.
Janet Patterson, who has worked with Campion for over 20 years, served as both costume designer and production designer for the film.
The Hyde House and Estate in Hyde, Bedfordshire, substituted for the Keats House in Hampstead. Campion decided that the Keats House (also known as Wentworth Place) was too small and "a little bit fusty". Some filming also took place at Elstree Studios.
Composer Mark Bradshaw can be seen in the film as the conductor while the male choir performs the track Human Orchestra, which Bradshaw arranged from the third movement of the serenade for twelve winds and string bass by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.

## Reception
### Critical response

The film garnered positive reviews from critics. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 83% out of 175 critics gave the film a positive review, with an average score of 7.26/10. The website's critical consensus states, "Jane Campion's direction is as refined as her screenplay, and she gets the most out of her cast – especially Abbie Cornish – in this understated period drama." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 81 out of 100, based on 34 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".
Mary Colbert of SBS awarded the film five stars out of five. "If Campion intended to inspire an appreciation and rediscovery of Keats' poetry," she writes, "she has not only succeeded but herself created an artistic monument to his life, love, poetry and soul." Craig Mathieson stated in the same review that Bright Star is Jane Campion's "best work since The Piano, her epochal 1993 masterpiece." Roger Ebert gave the film three and a half stars out of four.
Poet and scholar Stanley Plumly, the author of Posthumous Keats: A Personal Biography, wrote of the film's writing and direction: "Jane Campion has understood the richly figurative in Keats' life without sacrificing the literal wealth of its texture. She has evoked the mystery of his genius without giving up the reality of its dailiness." In 2019, The Guardian added the film in its 100 best films of the 21st century list. In 2019, the BBC polled 368 film experts from 84 countries to name the 100 greatest films directed by women; Bright Star was voted at No. 54.

### Box office

Bright Star grossed $3,110,560 at the box office in Australia for a worldwide total of $14.4m.

### Awards

| Award | Category | Subject | Result |
| AACTA Awards (2010 AFI Awards) | AFI Members' Choice Award | Jan Chapman & Caroline Hewitt | Nominated |
| AACTA Awards (2010 AFI Awards) | Best Film | Jan Chapman & Caroline Hewitt | Nominated |
| AACTA Awards (2010 AFI Awards) | Best Direction | Jane Campion | Nominated |
| AACTA Awards (2010 AFI Awards) | Best Original Screenplay | Jane Campion | Nominated |
| AACTA Awards (2010 AFI Awards) | Best Actress | Abbie Cornish | Nominated |
| AACTA Awards (2010 AFI Awards) | Best Supporting Actress | Kerry Fox | Nominated |
| AACTA Awards (2010 AFI Awards) | Best Cinematography | Greig Fraser | Won |
| AACTA Awards (2010 AFI Awards) | Best Editing | Alexandre de Franceschi | Nominated |
| AACTA Awards (2010 AFI Awards) | Best Original Music Score | Mark Bradshaw | Nominated |
| AACTA Awards (2010 AFI Awards) | Best Production Design | Janet Patterson | Won |
| AACTA Awards (2010 AFI Awards) | Best Costume Design | Janet Patterson | Won |
| Academy Awards | Best Costume Design | Janet Patterson | Nominated |
| Alliance of Women Film Journalists Awards | EDA Award for Most Beautiful Film | EDA Award for Most Beautiful Film | Won |
| Alliance of Women Film Journalists Awards | EDA Award for Best Supporting Actor | Paul Schneider | Nominated |
| Alliance of Women Film Journalists Awards | EDA Female Focus Award – Women's Image Award | Jane Campion | Nominated |
| Alliance of Women Film Journalists Awards | EDA Female Focus Award for Outstanding Achievement by a Woman in the Film Industry | Jane Campion | Nominated |
| Alliance of Women Film Journalists Awards | EDA Female Focus Award for Best Woman Director | Jane Campion | Nominated |
| Alliance of Women Film Journalists Awards | EDA Female Focus Award for Best Woman Screenwriter | Jane Campion | Won |
| ACS Awards | Cinematographer of the Year | Greig Fraser | Won |
| ASE Awards | Best Editing in a Feature Film | Alexandre de Franceschi | Nominated |
| BAFTA Awards | Best Costume Design | Janet Patterson | Nominated |
| British Independent Film Awards | Best Director | Jane Campion | Nominated |
| British Independent Film Awards | Best Actress | Abbie Cornish | Nominated |
| British Independent Film Awards | Best Supporting Actress | Kerry Fox | Nominated |
| British Independent Film Awards | Best Technical Achievement | Greig Fraser (For cinematography) | Won |
| Cannes Film Festival | Palme d'Or | Jane Campion | Nominated |
| César Awards | Best Foreign Film | Jane Campion | Nominated |
| Chicago Film Critics Association Awards | Best Cinematography | Greig Fraser | Nominated |
| Chicago Film Critics Association Awards | Best Actress | Abbie Cornish | Nominated |
| Chlotrudis Awards | Best Actress | Abbie Cornish | Nominated |
| CinEuphoria Awards | Best Actress – International Competition | Abbie Cornish | Won |
| CinEuphoria Awards | Best Costume Design – International Competition | Janet Patterson | Won |
| CinEuphoria Awards | Top Ten of the Year – International Competition | Jane Campion | Won |
| Critics' Choice Movie Awards | Best Costume Design | Janet Patterson | Nominated |
| Denver Film Critics Society Awards | Best Actress | Abbie Cornish | Nominated |
| Evening Standard British Film Awards | Best Film | Jane Campion | Nominated |
| Gay and Lesbian Entertainment Critics Association | Dorian Award for Film of the Year | Dorian Award for Film of the Year | Nominated |
| Heartland Film Festival | Truly Moving Sound Award | Jane Campion | Won |
| Houston Film Critics Society Awards | Best Actress | Abbie Cornish | Nominated |
| Inside Film Awards | Best Cinematography | Greig Fraser | Nominated |
| Inside Film Awards | Best Editing | Alexandre de Franceschi | Nominated |
| Inside Film Awards | Best Sound | Craig Butters | Nominated |
| Inside Film Awards | Best Sound | John Dennison | Nominated |
| Inside Film Awards | Best Sound | Tony Vaccher | Nominated |
| Inside Film Awards | Best Production Design | Janet Patterson | Won |
| International Cinephile Society Awards | Best Picture | Best Picture | Nominated |
| International Cinephile Society Awards | Best Cinematography | Greig Fraser | Nominated |
| International Cinephile Society Awards | Best Actress | Abbie Cornish | 2nd Place |
| IMOA Awards | Best Actress | Abbie Cornish | Nominated |
| London Film Critics' Circle Awards | Best British Film of the Year | Best British Film of the Year | Nominated |
| London Film Critics' Circle Awards | Best Actress | Abbie Cornish | Nominated |
| National Society of Film Critics Awards | Best Actress | Abbie Cornish | 3rd Place |
| National Society of Film Critics Awards | Best Supporting Actor | Paul Schneider | Won |
| Online Film & Television Association Awards | Best Costume Design | Janet Patterson | Won |
| San Diego Film Critics Society Awards | Best Actress | Abbie Cornish | 2nd Place |
| San Diego Film Critics Society Awards | Best Supporting Actor | Paul Schneider | Nominated |
| Satellite Awards | Best Film | Best Film | Nominated |
| Satellite Awards | Best Director | Jane Campion | Nominated |
| Satellite Awards | Best Original Screenplay | Jane Campion | Nominated |
| Satellite Awards | Best Actress | Abbie Cornish | Nominated |
| Village Voice Film Poll | Best Supporting Actor | Paul Schneider | Nominated |
| Women Film Critics Circle Awards | Best Actress | Abbie Cornish | Won |
| Women Film Critics Circle Awards | Best Movie by a Woman | Jane Campion | Nominated |

## Soundtrack

Lakeshore Records released the soundtrack for Bright Star digitally (iTunes and Amazon Digital) on 15 September 2009 and in stores on 13 October 2009. The film's soundtrack features original music by Mark Bradshaw with dialogue from the film voiced by Cornish and Whishaw.

### Track listing

* "Negative Capability" – 3:55
* "La Belle Dame Sans Merci" – 2:28
* "Return" – 0:58
* "Human Orchestra" – 1:48
* "Convulsion" – 0:52
* "Bright Star" – 1:49
* "Letters" – 3:49
* "Yearning" – 2:24
* "Ode to a Nightingale" – 5:24

## Book of Love Letters and Poems

A collection of Keats's love letters and selected poems was published in 2009 as a companion to the motion picture, entitled Bright Star: Love Letters and Poems of John Keats to Fanny Brawne. The 144-page book was published by Penguin and includes an introduction written by Campion.