OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cyclical asymmetry

Cyclical asymmetry is an economic term that describes any large imbalance in economic factors occurring for purely-cyclical reactions by a market or nation. That may include employment rates, debt retention, interest rates, bond strengths, or stock market imbalances.

## Types

There are two main types of cyclical asymmetry: fiscal and economic.

### Fiscal cyclical asymmetry

Fiscal cyclical asymmetry is based on national or international changes to fiscal policy as a result of cyclical intervention in money markets or currency exchanges. A simple example is the reaction of the US Federal Reserve to raise interest rates when the dollar performs too well against other currencies such as the euro and the yen. Since currency exchanges are often predilated on the results of economic changes such as quarterly profit results, Federal Reserve must be cautious not to overreact or such fiscal changes will actually exacerbate the situation by making investment in America more attractive than equalizing exchange rates. When this does occur, it is a cyclical asymmetry.

### Economic cyclical asymmetry

Economic cyclical asymmetry is usually based on cyclical trends in national markets, such as the labor market. A simple example is found in the yearly changes in demand for labor. Job markets are, by nature, cyclical, with upswings in certain sectors such as retail near year's end, and in construction during the spring and summer. While job creation and destruction as a national whole average usually equalize, when disturbances in the markets occur, the disruptions can cause higher than usual unemployment, which has a negative effect on the economy and causes further economic stress.

## Causes

The primary cause of cyclical asymmetry is rapid change in an otherwise regularly cyclical model, and overreactions to counteract such changes. Similar to a man walking across a swaying tightrope, any economic model subject to cyclical stressors must find a balance. When it does not, cyclical asymmetries occur.

## Effects

Cyclical asymmetry is a form of nonlinear economics and so its effects can be widely varied. However, the primary identification of a cyclical asymmetry is that resources, results, or actions taken to correct a change result in an unequal distribution of a resource or factor, which always leads to a disruption.
In economics, particularly with fiscal policy, poorly chosen compensating actions can result in multiple CAs, spiralling out of control into depression. The Great Depression could be construed as a result of cyclical asymmetry carried to ridiculous extremes, with most economic and fiscal policy bent to the ideal of mass speculation and investment over rational investment on assets.
# Frink

Frink may refer to:

## Places

* Frink, Florida, an unincorporated community
* Frink Park, a park in Seattle, Washington
* Mount Frink, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada

## People

* Frink (surname)

## Music

* "Frink", a 2024 song from Brooke Candy's Candyland

## Fictional characters

* Professor Frink, on The Simpsons
* Frank Frink, in The Man in the High Castle television series, whose family name was originally "Fink"

## Other uses

* Frink (programming language), named after Professor Frink (The Simpsons)
* Frink Medal, an award for British zoologists
# Filadelfia (disambiguation)

Filadelfia is a town in Paraguay.
Filadelfia may also refer to:

## Europe

* Filadelfia, Calabria, Italy
* Nea Filadelfeia, a suburb in the northern part of Athens, Greece
* Stadio Filadelfia, an historic football stadium in Turin, Italy

## South America

* Filadélfia, Amazonas, an indigenous village in Brazil
* Filadélfia, Bahia, a municipality in Bahia, Brazil
* Filadelfia, Caldas, Colombia
* Filadélfia, Tocantins, a municipality in Tocantins, Brazil
* Filadelfia de Guanacaste, Costa Rica
# Copperas Cove High School

Copperas Cove High School is a public high school located in the city of Copperas Cove, Texas, United States, and classified as a 6A school by the University Interscholastic League (UIL). It is a part of the Copperas Cove Independent School District located in the southwest corner of Coryell County. In 2015, the school was rated "Met Standard" by the Texas Education Agency.

## Athletics

The Copperas Cove Bulldawgs compete in the following sports:
* Baseball
* Basketball
* Cross Country
* Football
* Golf
* Powerlifting
* Soccer
* Softball
* Swimming and Diving
* Tennis
* Track and Field
* Volleyball
* Wrestling

### State finalist

* Football:
** 2006 (4A/D1), 2007 (4A/D1)

## Notable alumni

* Andrea Bordeaux (born 1987), actress, best known for her role as Harley Hidoko in the TV series NCIS: Los Angeles
* Josh Boyce (born 1991), former professional football wide receiver for the New England Patriots of the National Football League (NFL)
* Vontez Duff (born 1982), a former professional football cornerback for the Chicago Bears of the NFL
* Robert Griffin III (born 1990), former professional football quarterback for the Baltimore Ravens of the NFL and 2011 Heisman Trophy winner
* T. J. Hollowell (born 1981),current linebackers coach for the Coastal Carolina Chanticleers
* Rashard Odomes (born 1996), basketball player in the Israeli Basketball Premier League
* Michael Stipe (born 1960), lead singer and main lyricist of R.E.M.
* Charles Tillman (born 1981), former professional football cornerback for the Chicago Bears and the Carolina Panthers, both of the NFL
* Angela M. Eaves (born 1959), Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Maryland (2022-Present).
# Onion Johnny

Onion Johnnies (Welsh: 'Sioni Winwns' or 'Sioni Nionod') were Breton farmers and agricultural labourers who travelled, originally on foot and later on bicycles, selling distinctive pink onions door to door in Great Britain. They were especially active in Wales, where they share linguistic similarities.
They adapted this nickname for themselves in Breton as ar Johniged or ar Johnniged.
Declining since the 1950s to only a few, the Onion Johnny was once very common. Dressed in striped Breton shirt and beret, riding a bicycle hung with onions, the Onion Johnny became the stereotypical image of the Frenchman in the United Kingdom. In many cases these tradesmen may have been the only contact that ordinary British people had with France and French people.
With renewed interest since the late 1990s by farmers and the public in small-scale agriculture, the number of Onion Johnnies have recently made a small recovery.

## History

The trade may have begun in 1828 when the first successful trip is said to have been made by Henri Ollivier. From the area around Roscoff in Brittany known as Bro Rosko, Johnnies found a more profitable market in Britain than in France. They typically took their harvest across the English Channel in July to store in rented barns, returning home in December or January. They could have sold their produce in Paris, but the roads and the railways were bad in the 19th century and going there was a long and difficult trip. Crossing the Channel was shorter and easier.
As the early Johnnies were all Breton-speakers, Wales was a favoured destination. Breton is a Brythonic language related to Welsh and Cornish, and the Johnnies would have found Welsh a far easier language to learn than English. The Johnnies who regularly visited Wales in the nineteenth century became known as Sioni Winwns and subsequently as Onion Johnnies in English.
The golden age for Johnnies across the UK was during the 1920s; in 1929 nearly 1,400 Johnnies exported more than 9,000 tonnes of onions to the UK. The Great Depression, followed by the devaluation of the Pound in the early 1930s, ended the era. Trade suddenly fell, reaching a low in 1934, when fewer than 400 people imported under 3,000 tonnes.
In the aftermath of World War II, in common with other goods, onions were subject to import restrictions in the UK and had to be traded through a single company. By 1973 the number of Johnnies had dropped to 160, trading 1,100 tonnes. By the end of the 20th century, the number of Johnnies fell to around 20. By 2008, reportedly only 15 Johnnies remained, and by 2022, with travel restrictions caused by Brexit and the COVID-19 pandemic, the profession was "wiped out".
The Channel crossings Journeys are now made by ferry, but small sailing ships and steamers were used previously. The crossing could be hazardous. Seventy Johnnies died when the steamer SS Hilda sank at Saint-Malo in 1905.

## In culture

The Onion Johnny museum opened in Roscoff in 2004, with a two-day Fête de l'Oignon (Onion Festival) that has since been held every summer. Since 2009 the Oignon de Roscoff has been protected under the French Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée designation.
# Ganeshrao Dudhgaonkar

Ganesh Nagorao Dudhagaonkar (born 9 September 1945) is an Indian politician from Parbhani, Maharashtra. He was a member of the 15th Lok Sabha of India representing Parbhani constituency. He was a member of Maharashtra Legislative Assembly in 1980 and 1985, representing Basmath and Jintur, respectively. He was a member of the Indian National Congress, Shiv Sena, and Nationalist Congress Party. Ahead of the 2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election he joined Vanchit Bahujan Aghadi. He defeated Suresh Warpudkar, a Congress candidate in 2009.

## Personal life

Dudhgaonkar married Sandhya Shridharrao Kadam on 2 June 1970. The couple has one son and one daughter. His son Sameer joined BJP in 2018. He completed his BA and LLB degrees. His wife, Sandhya, completed her education in Msc and Phd and is an associate professor.

## Career

Dudhgaonkar played a role in the development of Marathwada. He advocated for the construction of a canal for Jayakwadi which stalled for 16 years. As a result, about 20 thousand hectares of land in Gangakhed, Palam and Loha talukas were deprived of irrigation. Due to the accumulation of silt in the dams in Marathwada, it was necessary to increase the height of the dams. He suggested that setting a deadline would speed the progress and launch a green revolution in Osmanabad, Beed and Latur districts.
Recognizing the need for industrialization, Dudhgaonkar emphasized railway development. He suggested that development would be boosted if the Parli-Beed-Nagar route was expanded by doubling the railway tracks. He insisted that the curriculum of secondary-primary education should be on CBSE lines. He proposed the Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) concept for creating the Akola-Nanded and Nagar-Beed-Nanded national roads. He campaigned for the development of AIIMS specialty hospitals in the Marathwada area, highlighting the importance of locating in Parbhani, which he considered to be the state's epicenter. He advised the committee to make efforts for the Hajira to Nanded Gas Pipeline which benefit the Marathwada region.
# 2006 Azad Kashmiri general election

General elections were held in Azad Kashmir on 11 July 2006 to elect the members of eighth assembly of Azad Kashmir. Sardar Attique Ahmed Khan and Raja Zulqarnain Khan were elected as Prime Minister and President of Azad Kashmir, respectively.

## Results

The All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference (AJKMC) won twenty general seats, the Pakistan People's Party seven, the People's Muslim League (PML) four the Muttahida Qaumi Movement (MQM) two, and the Jammu Kashmir Peoples Party (JKPP) one. Six independents also won seats, although three of them joined the AJKMC after the election. LA-33 Jammu and Others-IV had its election postponed by four days, which saw another AJKMC victory. Following the elections, the AJKMC managed to win four seats reserved for women and one reserved seat each for ulema, technocrats, and overseas. On the other hand, the PPP only won one reserved seat for women.
Therefore, the AJKMC managed to have thirty-one members in the Assembly, the PPP eight, the PML four, independents three, the MQM two, and the JKPP one.

## Aftermath

The AJKMC formed the next government in Azad Kashmir, easily electing its leader, Attique Ahmed Khan, as the next Prime Minister. Khan had received 35 votes and defeated Sahibzada Muhammad Ishaq Zaffar of the PPP, who received only eight votes. The AJKMC was also able to elect Shah Ghulam Qadir and Sardar Farooq Tahir as Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the Assembly, respectively.

## Controversies

Candidates from the Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front and other pro-independence groups were not allowed to run; local law prohibits persons expressing views counter to "the ideology of Pakistan, the ideology of the State’s accession to Pakistan or the sovereignty, integrity of Pakistan" from running for office. Opposition groups saw the vote as rigged in favour of the Pakistani federal government.
# 1906 in Brazilian football

The following article presents a summary of the 1906 football (soccer) season in Brazil, which was the 5th season of competitive football in the country.

## Campeonato Paulista

Final Standings
| Position | Team | Points | Played | Won | Drawn | Lost | For | Against | Difference |
| 1 | Germânia | 12 | 8 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 16 | 8 | 8 |
| 2 | SC Internacional de São Paulo | 8 | 8 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 12 | 13 | −1 |
| 3 | Paulistano | 3 | 8 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 8 | 21 | −13 |
| 4 | Mackenzie | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 4 | São Paulo Athletic | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Mackenzie abandoned the competition, its matches were canceled and the points in the remaining matches were awarded to the club's opponents. São Paulo Athletic matches were canceled, as the club abandoned the competition.
Germânia declared as the Campeonato Paulista champions.

## Campeonato Carioca

Final Standings
| Position | Team | Points | Played | Won | Drawn | Lost | For | Against | Difference |
| 1 | Fluminense | 18 | 10 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 52 | 6 | 46 |
| 2 | Paysandu | 14 | 10 | 7 | 0 | 3 | 26 | 12 | 14 |
| 3 | Rio Cricket | 12 | 10 | 6 | 0 | 4 | 23 | 9 | 14 |
| 4 | Botafogo | 8 | 10 | 4 | 0 | 6 | 18 | 34 | −16 |
| 5 | Bangu | 6 | 10 | 3 | 0 | 7 | 13 | 18 | −5 |
| 6 | Football & Athletic | 2 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 9 | 2 | 55 | −53 |
Fluminense declared as the Campeonato Carioca champions.

## State championship champions

| State | Champion |
| Bahia | São Salvador |
| Rio de Janeiro (DF) | Fluminense |
| São Paulo | Germânia |
# Andreas Wolff

Andreas Wolff (born 3 March 1991) is a German handball player for THW Kiel and the German national team.

## Career

Wolff played until the age of 15 at SG Ollheim/Straßfeld, before switching to HSG Rheinbach-Wormersdorf. His senior breakthorugh came for TV Kirchzell.
Wolff's first major club was TV Großwallstadt, where he played until 2013 before switching to HSG Wetzlar. In 2016 he switched to the German top club THW Kiel. He played here for three years, where he played 102 matches, won the DHB-Pokal twice and won the EHF European League in 2019.
In 2019 he switched to Polish Handball and Vive Kielce. Here he has won four Polish championships and was in the EHF Champions League final in 2022, where Kielce lost on penalties to FC Barcelona Handbol. In 2019 he was appointed the captain of the team.

### National Team

Wolff debuted for the German B-team in 2013 and only a year later he was on the A team. He was part of the German National team, that won the 2016 European Men's Handball Championship in Poland. In this tournament he was selected as the best goalkeeper of the tournament.

## Achievements

* Polish Superliga:
** Gold: 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023
* Polish Cup:
** Gold: 2021
* DHB-Pokal:
** Gold: 2017, 2019
* EHF Cup:
** Gold: 2019

## Individual awards

* All-Star Goalkeeper of the European Championship: 2016, 2024
* All-Star Goalkeeper of the World Championship: 2023
# 1487 in literature

This is a list of literature-related events in 1487.

## Events

* Erasmus writes to Servatius Rogerus from the monastery of Steyn.

## Works

* Niccolò da Correggio - Fabula di Cefalo.
* Heinrich Kramer & Jacob Sprenger - Malleus Maleficarum.

## Births

* date unknown
** Petar Hektorović, Croatian poet (died 1572)
** Ottmar Luscinius, biblical commentation (died 1537)
** Macropedius, humanist writer and dramatist (died 1558)

## Deaths

* October 22 - Antonio Bettini, theologian (born 1396)
* date unknown - Jaume Safont, Catalan poet (born (1420)
# Utō Station

Utō Station (宇頭駅, Utō-eki) is a railway station in the city of Okazaki, Aichi, Japan, operated by Meitetsu.

## Lines

Utō Station is served by the Meitetsu Nagoya Main Line and is 34.8 kilometers from the terminus of the line at Toyohashi Station.

## Station layout

The station has two opposed side platforms connected by a footbridge. The station has automated ticket machines, Manaca automated turnstiles and is unattended.

### Platforms

| 1 | ■ Nagoya Main Line | For Meitetsu Nagoya |
| 2 | ■ Nagoya Main Line | For Higashi Okazaki and Toyohashi |

## Station history

Utō Station was opened on 1 June 1923 as a station on the privately held Aichi Electric Railway. The Aichi Electric Railway was acquired by the Meitetsu Group on 1 August 1935.

## Passenger statistics

In fiscal 2017, the station was used by an average of 3,353 passengers daily.

## Surrounding area

* Yahagi Nishi Elementary School
* Utō Kannon
# Centre for Cities

The Centre for Cities is an independent, non-partisan urban policy research unit and a charity registered in England. The Centre's main goal is to understand how and why economic growth and change takes place in the United Kingdom's cities.

## History

The Centre for Cities was launched in March 2005 as part of IPPR and became independent in November 2007.
Since 2017, Andrew Carter has been the CEO for Centre for Cities. With his 20 years of experience in urban economic policies for public and private developers.

## Research

The Centre produces an annual Cities Outlook report assessing the economic performance of the 64 largest towns and cities in the United Kingdom. From 2016 onwards the Centre for Cities reevaluated its methodology for defining primary urban areas, based on this it now recognises 63 primary urban areas in the UK:
* Grimsby and Hastings removed
* Basildon, Exeter and Slough added
* Bolton and Rochdale merged with the Manchester PUA.
The Centre has undertaken work for the All Party Urban Development Group, an All-party parliamentary group. In 2018, the Centre released a report challenging the Government's approach to improving UK business productivity. They suggest that the Government should focus on the UK's weaker regions to attract more productive exporters, and not just focus on the UK's least productive companies in general.

## Funding

In November 2022, the funding transparency website Who Funds You? gave Centre for Cities a B grade (rating goes from A to E).
# Justine Shapiro

Justine Shapiro (born March 20, 1963) is a South African-born American actress, filmmaker, writer, hostess and producer, who was one of several main hosts of the Pilot Productions travel/adventure series Globe Trekker (also called Pilot Guides in Canada and originally broadcast as Lonely Planet).

## Television and film career

Before hosting Globe Trekker (Pilot Guides), Shapiro appeared in various roles in film and television. Eventually, she was involved in several documentaries including co-production/direction duties on 2001's Promises, which won two 2002 Emmy Awards, for Best Documentary and Outstanding Background Analysis, and was nominated for best Documentary Feature at the 74th Academy Awards. Promises attempts to humanize the Arab–Israeli conflict by examining it in microcosm, through the eyes of seven Palestinian and Israeli children living in or near the divided city of Jerusalem.
She produced and directed a feature-length documentary entitled Our Summer in Tehran.
In 2013 she became host of Time Team America, shown on PBS.

## Personal life

Shapiro was born in South Africa and grew up in Berkeley, California. She is Jewish.
Shapiro is a survivor of the World Airways Flight 30H airplane crash at Boston's Logan Airport on January 23, 1982.
During an October 2006 broadcast of the Globe Trekker Venice City Guide episode, Shapiro revealed that she went to Tufts University (majoring in history and theater) with Oliver Platt, who recognized her in the crowd while she was covering the Venice Film Festival, where Platt was promoting Casanova.
In her lead-up to a Globe Trekker visit to the Auschwitz concentration camp she stated "Like many Jewish Americans, I have Polish roots. And the Auschwitz concentration camp was where many of my relatives died during World War II."
In Globe Trekker's "South Africa 2", Shapiro and co-host Sami Sabiti traveled to South Africa. While in Soweto, Shapiro visited the nanny she had as a child.
# Kokoroko

Kokoroko is a London-based septet led by Sheila Maurice-Grey and Onome Edgeworth playing a fusion of jazz and Afrobeat. In February 2019 they were named "ones to watch" by the Guardian, after their track "Abusey Junction" garnered 57 million views on YouTube. In February 2020 they won Best Group at the Urban Music Awards. In September 2020 they played BBC Proms at the Royal Albert Hall. Their name is an Urhobo word meaning "be strong" or “hard to break.”
They released their debut album Could We Be More in August 2022.

## Discography

EPs
* Kokoroko (2019)
* Baba Ayoola / Carry Me Home (2020)
* Get The Message (2024)
Albums
* Could We Be More (2022), Brownswood – No. 30 UK Albums Chart