OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Laforrest H. Thompson

Laforrest H. Thompson (January 6, 1848 – June 22, 1900) was a Vermont attorney and politician who served as President of the Vermont Senate and a Justice of the Vermont Supreme Court.

## Biography

Laforrest Holman Thompson was born in Bakersfield, Vermont, on January 6, 1848. He was educated at Kimball Union Academy, taught school while studying law, was admitted to the bar in 1871, and opened a practice in Irasburg.
A Republican, Thompson served as Orleans County State's Attorney from 1874 to 1876, and county Judge of Probate from 1876 to 1881.
In 1880 and 1882 Thompson was Irasburg's member of the Vermont House of Representatives. In 1884 Thompson was elected to the Vermont Senate. He served one term, 1884 to 1886, and was the Senate's President Pro Tem.
In 1890 Thompson was again elected to the Vermont House of Representatives. Later in 1890 he was appointed to the Vermont Supreme Court, on which he served until his death.
Thompson died in Irasburg on June 22, 1900. He is buried in Irasburg Cemetery, Plot 350, Row U 32a.
Thompson's son Frank D. Thompson also served on the Vermont Supreme Court. Frank Thompson was married to Mabel Miles, whose father Willard W. Miles was also an associate justice of the Vermont Supreme Court.
# 2,3,5-Trimethylpyrazine

2,3,5-Trimethylpyrazine (chemical formula C$_7$H$_{10}$N$_2$) is one of the most broadly used edible synthesis fragrances. It comes from baked food, fried barley, potatoes, and peanuts. 2,3,5-Trimethylpyrazine is used for the flavor in cocoa, coffee, chocolate, potato, cereal, and fried nuts.

## Physical properties

The specific gravity depends on the quality and the producer and ranges from 0.967 to 0.987.

## Synthesis

2,3,5-Trimethylpyrazine can be synthesized from 2,3-butanedione and 1,2-diaminopropane. First, 1,2-diaminopropane is synthesized by amination of isopropanolamine in the presence of ammonia and a hydrogenation catalyst: Raney Ni. The effect of the amount of Raney Ni catalyst, the molar ratio of materials, reactions are as follows: the molar ratio of isopropanolamine to ammonia is 1:3.5,the reaction temperature is 160 °C, the reaction is 5 hours, the molar ratio of hydrogen to isopropanolamine is 1:5. Then the reaction consists of synthesis of 2,3,5-trimethyl-5,6-dihydropyrazine and 2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine. The optimum conditions of 2,3,5-trimethyl-5,6-dihydropropyrazine synthesis are established:2,3-butanedione which is mixed with anhydrous ethyl alcohol (the mass ratio of anhydrous ethyl alcohol to 2,3-butanedione was 5:1) is dropped to the mixture of anhydrous ethyl alcohol and 1,2-diaminopropane (the mass ratio of anhydrous ethyl alcohol to 1,2-diaminopropane was 6:1) at the even pace for four hours, the molar ratio of 2,3-butanedione to 1,2-diaminopropane is 1:1.1, the condensation reaction temperature is -5 °C. The best dehydrogen oxidation conditions are as follows: air is used as oxidant, the molar ration of potassium hydroxide and 2,3,5-Trimethyl-5,6-dihydro-pyrazine is 3:1, the mass ratio of ethanol to 2,3,5-trimethyl-5,6-dihydro-pyrazine 10:1,reaction temperature 68 °C, reaction time seven hours.
There are several other ways to synthesis 2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine:
* Piperazine gas phase catalytic dehydrogenation
* N-(β alkane alcohol)ethanediamine gas phase catalysis
* Ethanediamine and methyl aldehyde gas phase catalysis
* Diamine and diol gas phase catalysis

## Use limit in food

FEMA (mg/kg) Soft drinks 5.0～10 Candy 5.0～10 Baked food 5.0～10 Cereal 2.0 Seasoning 2.0 Meat 2.0 Dairy 1.0 Soup 2.0
# Snagovo massacre

The Snagovo massacre refers to the mass killing of 36 Bosnian Muslim civilians by Serbs on 29 April 1992 in the village Snagovo, located in the municipality of Zvornik, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The massacre occurred at the start of the Bosnian War.

## Background

Snagovo was among the hardest hit villages at the start of the Bosnian War in 1992. Between April and June 1992, Serbs ethnically cleansed the village of its Bosnian Muslim residents.

## Massacre

On 29 April 1992, Serbs captured a group of 36 Bosnian Muslim civilians who were hiding in the woods in Snagovo and took them to a school building in Rašidov Han within Snagovo. In total, all 36 Bosnian Muslim civilians were killed, including children and pregnant women. The corpses were burned in an effort to conceal the crime. On 2 May 1992, fellow residents of Snagovo found the burned remains and buried them nearby. One of the residents said "We came to this site and dug a grave. However, during the burial, our Serb neighbors shot at us. We later buried them (the victims) in the dark."

## Exhumation and reburial

The remains of the victims were exhumed from the original place of burial on 16 March 2006. On 27 July 2011, 21 of the victims were given a proper burial in a joint grave at a local cemetery in Snagovo including the youngest victim, six-month old Meliha Dogić who was killed in the arms of her mother. The girl's mother and father were also killed. Most of the victims were not identifiable because their bodies had burnt so badly.

## Trials

Serbian Major Zoran Janković was arrested 9 May 2006. The Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina confirmed his indictment on 8 November 2006. Janković plead not guilty on 24 November 2006. His trial began on 26 March 2007. Survivors described being taken to Rašidov Han and shot at by Janković and other Serbs. Witnesses said that Janković introduced himself as a White Eagle and showed off a knife with which he claimed to have killed in the Vukovar massacre in Croatia. Janković was on trial for the killing of 36 people and wounding of three others in Snagovo, as well as for the forced removal of captured civilians in the nearby villages of Šeher and Like in May 1992. He was acquitted of crimes against humanity on 19 June 2007 due to lack of evidence and released.

## Related events

Seven mass graves, containing the skeletal remains of 156 individuals, victims of the July 1995 Srebrenica Genocide, were uncovered in Snagovo. The 156 victims were moved to the seven "secondary graves" in Snagovo from the original burial sites around Srebrenica to hide the traces of the atrocity. Among other massacres, six more people were killed in the village on 22 July 1995.
# Livin' It Up (Ja Rule song)

"Livin' It Up" is a song by American rapper Ja Rule featuring singer Case. It was officially serviced to US urban radio on September 10, 2001, as the lead single from Ja Rule's third studio album, Pain Is Love (2001), following several weeks of early airplay. The song, produced by Lil Rob and Irv Gotti, samples Stevie Wonder's 1982 song "Do I Do". Issued through Def Jam Recordings and Irv Gotti's Murder Inc. Records,
"Livin' It Up" peaked at number six on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart and entered the top 10 in Australia, where it peaked at number six. In 2002, "Livin' it Up" received a re-issue in the United Kingdom and reached a new peak of number five on the UK Singles Chart after initially reaching number 27 in late 2001. Retired NBA All-Star Baron Davis and former pornographic actress Sunny Leone make appearances in the video.

## Credits and personnel

Credits are taken from the Pain Is Love album booklet.
Studios
* Recorded at The Crackhouse (New York City)
* Mixed at Enterprise Studios (Burbank, California)
* Mastered at Bernie Grundman Mastering (Hollywood, California)
Personnel
* Ja Rule – writing (as Jeffrey Atkins)
* Robert Mays – writing
* Irv Gotti – writing (as Irving Lorenzo), production, mixing
* Stevie Wonder – writing ("Do I Do")
* Case – featured vocals
* 7 – all instruments
* Lil' Rob – production
* Milwaukee Buck – recording
* Supa Engineer DURO – mixing
* Brian Gardner – mastering

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Australia (ARIA) | Platinum | 70,000$^^$ |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Gold | 400,000$^‡$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format(s) | Label(s) |
| United States | September 10, 2001 | Urbancrossover radio | Murder Inc.Def Jam |
| United States | October 16, 2001 | Contemporary hitrhythmic contemporary radio | Murder Inc.Def Jam |
| United Kingdom | October 29, 2001 | 12-inch vinylCDcassette | Murder Inc.Def Jam |
| Australia | November 12, 2001 | CD | Murder Inc.Def Jam |
| United Kingdom (re-release) | July 22, 2002 | 12-inch vinylCDcassette | Murder Inc.Def Jam |
# My Best Friend (Tim McGraw song)

"My Best Friend" is a song written by Aimee Mayo and Bill Luther and recorded by American country music singer Tim McGraw. It was released in October 1999 as the third single from McGraw's album A Place in the Sun. The song reached number one on the US Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.

## Critical reception

Ben Foster of Country Universe gave the song a B+ grade, and wrote that "Sometimes it just takes the right vocalist to find the layers of emotion woven into a lyric that could scan as pedestrian in the hands of another performer. In this instance, Tim McGraw indeed proves to be the right vocalist." He also says that McGraw's "heartfelt performance is bolstered by a pleasant lilting melody and a laid-back arrangement featuring generous amounts of fiddle and steel guitar."

## Chart positions

"My Best Friend" re-entered the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks as an official single at number 75 for the week of October 9, 1999.

### Weekly charts

| Chart (1999–2000) | Peak position |
| Canada Country Tracks (RPM) | 4 |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 29 |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 1 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (2000) | Position |
| U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks | 8 |
| U.S. Billboard Hot 100 | 83 |

## Certifications

Certifications for My Best Friend :
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United States (RIAA) | 2× Platinum | 2,000,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Hannevik

Hannevik is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Anna Hannevik (1925–2025), Norwegian Salvationist
* Stein Hannevik (born 1954), Norwegian banker
# The Three Leg Stool (GOP)

"The Three Legged Stool of the Republican Party", also known by "The Gipper's Stool" or "Reagan's Stool", is a theory about the composition of the U.S. Republican Party.
It is intended to explain the way the Republican Party's power base derives from the three main "legs" (factions) within the "stool", those being the Christian right/social conservatives, fiscal conservatives, and foreign interventionists. This coalition came together with the rise of the New Right and the election of Ronald Reagan.

## Terminology

Variants of the phrase often are used interchangeability such as "Gipper's Stool" or "Reagan's Stool".
Ronald Reagan coined the term as a way to describe the Republican party as a three part coalition based on the social conservatives (consisting of the Christian right and paleo-conservatives), war hawks (consisting of interventionists and neoconservatives), and fiscal conservatives (consisting of right-libertarians and free-market capitalists), with overlap between the sides.
The phrase "Legs" describe each member of the coalition and the idea is without a leg the party cannot win (as a stool cannot support itself with two legs).

## History

During the election of 1980, Ronald Reagan described the party as a three-legged stool, most combining their different brands of conservatism in opposition to the Soviet Union and the spread of Communism during the Cold War. This political philosophy is often branded as fusionism as both groups have overlapping interests as Libertarian philosopher Frank Meyer as both shared values and most importantly enemies.
During the 2007 Iowa caucuses, Mitt Romney carried a physical three-legged stool, explaining the importance of each leg. He also stated in terms of the importance of the legs as being “our candidate has to be somebody who can represent and speak for all three legs of the conservative stool or conservative coalition that Ronald Reagan put together — social conservatives, economic conservatives, and defense conservatives.”, and without it the party would fail.

## Criticism

Critics often use the stool as a means to criticize party leadership or another member of the stool, such is in the lament of the "death of the stool" with the election of Donald Trump.
Pundits often criticize party membership for abandoning the stool as Business Insider reported "the person said that thanks mostly to President George W. Bush, the party has failed on the first two legs. The country has shifted significantly on the last one, and there's nothing a Republican candidate can do to change it." Senator Spencer Abraham has also criticized the stool, saying, "The Republican party has much greater divides now in terms of the feelings of its voters than it did when Reagan ran."
# Richy Müller

Richy Müller (born Hans-Jürgen Müller; 26 September 1955) is a German television and movie actor. He is particularly known as a crime scene investigator in the German television series Tatort.

## Filmography

* The Great Runaway [de] (1979, TV miniseries)
* Jetzt und alles (1981)
* Be Gentle, Penguin [de] (1982)
* Who's Crazy, Doc? [de] (1982)
* Kamikaze 1989 (1982)
* The Man on the Wall [de] (1982)
* The Noah's Ark Principle (1984)
* Pogo 1104 (1984, TV miniseries)
* The Voice (1989)
* Rosamunde [de] (1990)
* Just a Matter of Duty (1992)
* The Little Innocent [de] (1994, TV film)
* One of My Oldest Friends (1995)
* The Superwife (1996)
* Father's Day (1996)
* Cuba Libre [de] (1996, TV film)
* The Pharmacist (1997)
* Die Cellistin [de] (1998, TV film)
* Gierig (1999)
* A Big Job [de] (1999, TV film)
* Stunde des Wolfs (2000, TV film)
* The State I Am In (2000)
* Rote Glut (2000, TV film)
* Fandango (2000)
* Die Affäre Semmeling (2002, TV miniseries)
* xXx (2002)
* Between Night and Day (2004, TV film)
* I'll Be Seeing You (2004)
* Alone (2004)
* Farland [de] (2004)
* The Day Bobby Ewing Died [de] (2005)
* Not All Were Murderers [de] (2006, TV film)
* Four Minutes (2006)
* Another Word and I'll Mary You! [de] (2007, TV film)
* Ein verlockendes Angebot [de] (2007, TV film)
* Treasure Island [de] (2007, TV film)
* The Poll Diaries (2010)
* Vanished [de] (2011, TV film)
* Vampire Sisters (2012)
* Die schwarzen Brüder [it] (2013)
* Burning Souls [de] (2014, TV film)

## Controversy

During the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2021, Müller contributed to and later distanced himself from the controversial #allesdichtmachen initiative.
# Zillergründl Dam

The Zillergründl Dam is an arch dam on the Ziller River in the upper Ziller Valley of Tyrol state, Austria. It lies 16 km (10 mi) east of Mayrhofen. The primary purpose of the dam is hydroelectric power generation and it supports a 360 MW pumped-storage power station. As part of the Zemm-Ziller Development, construction on the dam began in 1981 and, along with the Häusling Pumped Storage Power Plant, it was completed in 1986. The power plant was fully commissioned by 1988. The dam is the second tallest in Austria.

## Design and operation

At an elevation of 1,850.7 m (6,072 ft) above sea level, the Zillergründl is a 186 m (610 ft) tall and 502 m (1,647 ft) long variable-radius arch dam with a structural volume of 1,373,000 m$^3$ (1,795,816 cu yd). The dam is 6 m (20 ft) wide at its crest and 36 m (118 ft) at its base. Its reservoir has a capacity of 89,500,000 m$^3$ (72,559 acre⋅ft), of which 88,800,000 m$^3$ (71,991 acre⋅ft) is active (or "useful") capacity. At normal levels, the reservoir has a catchment area of 67 km$^2$ (26 sq mi). The reservoir operates at elevations from 1,850 m (6,070 ft) to 1,740 m (5,709 ft), which is the draw-down level.
Water released from the reservoir reaches the Häusling Power Plant 10 km (6 mi) downstream. The power plant is located at an elevation of 1,060 m (3,478 ft) and contains two 180 MW Francis turbine-generators. It is afforded 744 m (2,441 ft) of hydraulic head given the difference in elevations. Using its pumped-storage capability, the power-station receives water from the Stillupp Reservoir 8 km (5 mi) to the west in an adjacent valley at 47°07′17″N 11°51′58″E﻿ / ﻿47.12139°N 11.86611°E﻿ / 47.12139; 11.86611﻿ (Stillupp Dam) and pumps it up to the Zillergründl Reservoir. The pumping and replenishment of the reservoir occur at night, during low energy demand periods. The process is repeated; electricity is generated during high-demand periods and pumping occurs during low-demand periods when electricity is cheaper.
# Jennifer L. Hall

Jennifer Lynne Hall (née Larson; born 1976) is an American lawyer who has served as a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Delaware since 2024. She previously served as a United States magistrate judge of the same court from 2019 to 2024.

## Education

Hall received a Bachelor of Science in biochemistry from the University of Minnesota in 1997 and a Master of Philosophy in 2000 and a Doctor of Philosophy in 2003, both in molecular biophysics and biochemistry from Yale University. She received a Juris Doctor, magna cum laude, from the University of Pennsylvania Law School in 2006.

## Career

Hall served as a law clerk for Judge Sharon Prost of the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit from 2006 to 2007 and for Judge Kent A. Jordan of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit from 2007 to 2008. From 2008 to 2011, Hall was an associate at Fish & Richardson P.C. in Wilmington, where she litigated patent and copyright cases. From 2011 to 2015, she served as an assistant United States attorney in the U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of Delaware and from 2015 to 2019, she served as chief of the office's Civil Division.

### Federal judicial service

In February 2019, she was selected to serve as a United States magistrate judge of the United States District Court for the District of Delaware. She assumed office on June 8, 2019.
On June 28, 2023, President Joe Biden announced his intent to nominate Hall to serve as a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Delaware. On July 11, 2023, her nomination was sent to the Senate. President Biden nominated Hall to the seat being vacated by Judge Richard G. Andrews, who subsequently assumed senior status on December 31, 2023. On July 26, 2023, a hearing on her nomination was held before the Senate Judiciary Committee. During her confirmation hearing, she was questioned by Senator Lindsey Graham about her knowledge of U.S. Attorney David C. Weiss' investigation of Hunter Biden. Hall said she could not comment on a pending investigation but that she was not involved in the Biden probe. On September 14, 2023, her nomination was reported out of committee by a 16–5 vote. On October 16, 2023, the United States Senate invoked cloture on her nomination by a 63–26 vote. On October 17, 2023, her nomination was confirmed by a 67–29 vote. She received her judicial commission on January 4, 2024.

#### Notable rulings

In 2022, she was the judge for the Innovative Memory Systems versus Micron Technology, Inc. case. The case involves claims by IMS of patent infringement by Micron on non-volatile memory device technology.
# Jonathan Ross (politician)

Jonathan Ross (April 30, 1826 – February 23, 1905) was an American politician, lawyer and judge from Vermont. He served as chief justice of the Vermont Supreme Court (1890–1899) and briefly as a United States Senator from Vermont (1899–1900).

## Early life

Ross was born in Waterford, Vermont, on April 30, 1826, the son of Royal Ross and Eliza (Mason) Ross. Ross attended the public schools and St. Johnsbury Academy. He graduated from Dartmouth College in 1851 and was principal of the Chelsea and Craftsbury Academies from 1851 to 1856. He studied law in the Chelsea office of former Congressman William Hebard, and later with Charles Davis of Danville and William A. Fletcher of Michigan; he was admitted to the bar in 1856.

## Career

Ross was Treasurer of Passumpsic Savings Bank from 1858 to 1868. He practiced law in St. Johnsbury until 1870. After being State's attorney for Caledonia County from 1862 to 1863, he was appointed a member of the State board of education, holding that office from 1866 to 1870.
From 1865 to 1867, Ross was a member of the Vermont House of Representatives and he was a state senator in 1870. He served on the Vermont Council of Censors in 1869. He was judge of the Vermont Supreme Court from 1870 to 1890 and chief justice of Vermont from 1890 to 1899.
In December 1898, U.S. Senator Justin S. Morrill died. Governor Edward Curtis Smith offered to appoint Benjamin F. Fifield to the vacancy, and Fifield tentatively accepted. Several days later, Fifield declined, and Smith then offered the appointment to Ross, who accepted. He served from January 11, 1899, to October 18, 1900, when a successor was elected. While in the Senate, he was chairman of the United States Senate Committee to Examine Branches of the Civil Service (Fifty-sixth Congress). He was not an active candidate for reelection in 1900. In October 1900, Ross was elected president of the Vermont Bar Association, and he served a one-year term. In November 1900, he succeeded David J. Foster as chairman of the state board of railroad commissioners, and he served until being succeeded by Fuller C. Smith in November 1902.

## Death and burial

Ross retired to his home in St. Johnsbury, where he resided until his death. He died on February 23, 1905, from injuries sustained when his sleigh was struck by a train a few days earlier. According to published accounts, Ross and his wife were stopped at a crossing while a train passed by. Their horse became frightened and dashed between two train cars, demolishing the sleigh and killing Mrs. Ross. The train crew transported Ross to the hospital, where he was diagnosed with a broken hip and other injuries, and remained until his death. Ross is interred at Mount Pleasant Cemetery in St. Johnsbury, Vermont.

## Family

Ross married Eliza Ann Carpenter (1826–1886) on November 22, 1852. They were the parents of eight children, including Caroline C., Eliza M., Helen M., Julia, Martha E., Edith Helen, Edward H., and Jonathan C. In 1887, he married Helen Daggert, and they remained married until her death.
# Ganashakti

Ganashakti Patrika (1967–present; Bengali: গণশক্তি) is an Indian Bengali daily newspaper published from Kolkata, West Bengal, India. Initially the paper started as an organ of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) West Bengal State Committee.

## History

It first appeared as a fortnightly on 3 January 1967 and then it started as an evening daily for quite some time and finally converted into a full-fledged daily newspaper. Presently Ganashakti has 3 editions in Kolkata, Durgapur and Siliguri having a daily circulation of less than 7,50,000. It's one of the founder was Ashok Gupta or Ramendranath Bhattacharya, who fought in Goa Liberation movement and he was a prominent Marxist leader of West Bengal.
The principal catalyst behind transformation of Ganashakti was Saroj Mukherjee, a freedom fighter and CPI(M)'s state secretary during the 1980s. After Mukherjee's death his efforts were carried on by Anil Biswas. Ganashakti reached its highest circulation at the time of Biswas's editorship. Ganashakti trust is the owner of the Ganashakti newspaper. Present the paper is running by a trust and the editor is Samik Lahiri.
# Zombie (magazine)

Zombie was an Israeli youth-oriented video gaming magazine that was published from 1994 to 1997. Around 35 issues were released.