# Wadena County, Minnesota

Wadena County (/wəˈdiːnə/ wə-DEEN-ə) is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 14,065. Its county seat is Wadena.

## History

The newly organized Minnesota Legislature created the county on June 11, 1858. A settlement began at the future city of Wadena in 1871, and by 1873 a post office was in operation there. The settlement was designated the county seat when the state legislature organized the county on February 21, 1873. The town took the name of a trading post 15 miles (24 km) to the east, which had flourished for several years but was largely abandoned by that time. The trading post was named for Chief Wadena, an Ojibwe Indian chief of the late 19th century in northwestern Minnesota.
Wadena County comprises 15 townships, first surveyed in 1863. Each township is six miles square and contains 36 sections of land (with the exception of Bullard and Thomastown, which have a slightly different configuration because their boundaries are aligned with the Leaf and Crow Wing Rivers, respectively). In 1857 Augustus Aspinwall laid out a town site in what is now Section 15, Thomastown township, at the junction of the Crow Wing and Partridge rivers, and named it Wadena. When the railroad went through the area in 1872, it ran about three miles south of this site and the town quickly withered away.
During the last part of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th, there were two railroads in the county. The Northern Pacific main line running east to west through Wadena was built in 1872, while the Great Northern branch or "K" line which ran from Sauk Centre to Bemidji, via Sebeka and Menahga, was completed in 1891. The line from Park Rapids to Long Prairie was abandoned in 1984 while the rest was abandoned in the early 1970s with the northern section from Park Rapids to Cass Lake since converted to the Heartland Trail.
Wadena used to be served by the Greyhound Bus Line, Elliott Bros. Transportation Co., Northwest Transportation Co., Red Bus Line, Gray Bus Line, Liederbach Bus Co. and Mercury Bus line.
There are four historical societies in the county, including the Wadena County Historical Society, the Verndale Historical Society, the Sebeka Finnish American Historical Society and the Menahga Historical Society.
In 2010 there were four organized school districts in the county: Wadena, Verndale, Sebeka and Menahga. In 1906 there were 52 school districts in the county, most of which were rural schools.
Sebeka once had Minnesota's second-largest creamery. Over the years there have been approximately ten creameries in the county and ten cheese factories.

## Geography

The Crow Wing River flows south through the east-central part of the county and forms the lower part of the county's eastern border as it turns to flow southeast. The Partridge River flows east through the southern part of the county, discharging into the Crow Wing in the county's southeast corner. The Leaf River flows east through the central part of the county, discharging into the Crow Wing in the county's eastern portion. The county terrain consists of low rolling hills, carved by drainages, devoted to agriculture wherever possible. The terrain slopes to the east and south, with its highest point near its northwest corner, at 1,460 ft (450 m) ASL. The county has a total area of 543 square miles (1,410 km$^2$), of which 536 square miles (1,390 km$^2$) is land and 7.0 square miles (18 km$^2$) (1.3%) is water. Wadena is one of 17 Minnesota counties with more savanna soils than prairie or forest soils.

### Major highways

* U.S. Route 10
* U.S. Route 71
* Minnesota State Highway 29
* Minnesota State Highway 87

### Airports

* Staples Municipal Airport (SAZ) - north of Staples

### Adjacent counties

* Hubbard County - north
* Cass County - east
* Todd County - south
* Otter Tail County - southwest
* Becker County - northwest

### Protected areas

* Burgen Lake Prairie Wildlife Management Area
* Dry Sand State Wildlife Management Area
* Huntersville State Forest
* Lyons State Forest
* Old Wadena County Park
** Old Wadena Historic District

### Lakes

* Bill Lake
* Blueberry Lake
* Burgen Lake
* Duck Lake (part)
* Finn Lake
* Granning Lake
* Jim Cook Lake
* Lily Lake
* Lovejoy Lake
* Lower Twin Lake
* Mud Lake
* Radabaugh Lake
* Rice Lake
* Round Lake
* Simon Lake
* Spirit Lake
* Stocking Lake
* Strike Lake]
* Thomas Lake
* Upper Twin Lake (part)
* Yaeger Lake

## Demographics
### 2020 Census

Wadena County Racial Composition :
| Race | Num. | Perc. |
| White (NH) | 13,044 | 92.7% |
| Black or African American (NH) | 118 | 0.82% |
| Native American (NH) | 73 | 0.52% |
| Asian (NH) | 54 | 0.38% |
| Pacific Islander (NH) | 9 | 0.06% |
| Other/Mixed (NH) | 494 | 3.5% |
| Hispanic or Latino | 273 | 1.94% |

### 2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 13,713 people, 5,426 households, and 3,608 families in the county. The population density was 25.6 per square mile (9.9/km$^2$). There were 6,334 housing units at an average density of 11.8 per square mile (4.6/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the county was 97.89% White, 0.48% Black or African American, 0.55% Native American, 0.18% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.27% from other races, and 0.59% from two or more races. 0.93% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 37.5% were of German, 14.0% Norwegian, 12.5% Finnish, 9.0% United States or American and 5.3% Swedish ancestry.
There were 5,426 households, out of which 30.00% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.30% were married couples living together, 7.60% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.50% were non-families. 29.20% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 3.02.
The county population contained 25.80% under the age of 18, 8.10% from 18 to 24, 23.60% from 25 to 44, 22.60% from 45 to 64, and 19.90% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 97.90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.90 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $30,651, and the median income for a family was $38,618. Males had a median income of $28,424 versus $21,027 for females. The per capita income for the county was $15,146. About 9.70% of families and 14.10% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.40% of those under age 18 and 12.60% of those age 65 or over.

## Communities
### Cities

* Aldrich
* Menahga
* Nimrod
* Sebeka
* Staples (part)
* Verndale
* Wadena (county seat; partly in Otter Tail County)

### Unincorporated communities

* Bluegrass
* Huntersville
* Oylen

### Ghost towns

* Leaf River
* Shell City

### Townships

* Aldrich Township
* Blueberry Township
* Bullard Township
* Huntersville Township
* Leaf River Township
* Lyons Township
* Meadow Township
* North Germany Township
* Orton Township
* Red Eye Township
* Rockwood Township
* Shell River Township
* Thomastown Township
* Wadena Township
* Wing River Township

## Government and politics

Wadena County voters have traditionally voted Republican. In only one national election since 1964 has the county selected the Democratic Party candidate (as of 2024).
United States presidential election results for Wadena County, Minnesota :
| Year | Republican | Republican | Democratic | Democratic | Third party(ies) | Third party(ies) |
| Year | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % |
| 2024 | 6,028 | 74.91% | 1,898 | 23.59% | 121 | 1.50% |
| 2020 | 5,520 | 71.90% | 2,023 | 26.35% | 134 | 1.75% |
| 2016 | 4,837 | 69.76% | 1,684 | 24.29% | 413 | 5.96% |
| 2012 | 4,143 | 61.01% | 2,492 | 36.70% | 156 | 2.30% |
| 2008 | 4,128 | 57.58% | 2,882 | 40.20% | 159 | 2.22% |
| 2004 | 4,214 | 59.41% | 2,791 | 39.35% | 88 | 1.24% |
| 2000 | 3,733 | 58.49% | 2,251 | 35.27% | 398 | 6.24% |
| 1996 | 2,696 | 44.64% | 2,480 | 41.06% | 864 | 14.30% |
| 1992 | 2,492 | 38.95% | 2,340 | 36.57% | 1,566 | 24.48% |
| 1988 | 3,733 | 59.26% | 2,484 | 39.43% | 82 | 1.30% |
| 1984 | 4,306 | 63.40% | 2,454 | 36.13% | 32 | 0.47% |
| 1980 | 4,089 | 57.57% | 2,635 | 37.10% | 379 | 5.34% |
| 1976 | 3,048 | 47.45% | 3,164 | 49.25% | 212 | 3.30% |
| 1972 | 3,408 | 57.05% | 2,430 | 40.68% | 136 | 2.28% |
| 1968 | 2,912 | 54.07% | 2,198 | 40.81% | 276 | 5.12% |
| 1964 | 2,418 | 45.33% | 2,908 | 54.52% | 8 | 0.15% |
| 1960 | 3,082 | 57.83% | 2,240 | 42.03% | 7 | 0.13% |
| 1956 | 3,028 | 63.52% | 1,733 | 36.35% | 6 | 0.13% |
| 1952 | 3,662 | 68.54% | 1,665 | 31.16% | 16 | 0.30% |
| 1948 | 2,272 | 46.21% | 2,556 | 51.98% | 89 | 1.81% |
| 1944 | 2,653 | 58.47% | 1,868 | 41.17% | 16 | 0.35% |
| 1940 | 2,898 | 54.27% | 2,405 | 45.04% | 37 | 0.69% |
| 1936 | 1,898 | 40.83% | 2,605 | 56.03% | 146 | 3.14% |
| 1932 | 1,585 | 39.33% | 2,300 | 57.07% | 145 | 3.60% |
| 1928 | 2,592 | 64.09% | 1,343 | 33.21% | 109 | 2.70% |
| 1924 | 1,900 | 54.83% | 182 | 5.25% | 1,383 | 39.91% |
| 1920 | 2,635 | 75.57% | 503 | 14.43% | 349 | 10.01% |
| 1916 | 938 | 54.31% | 651 | 37.70% | 138 | 7.99% |
| 1912 | 278 | 20.90% | 336 | 25.26% | 716 | 53.83% |
| 1908 | 991 | 63.57% | 467 | 29.96% | 101 | 6.48% |
| 1904 | 1,159 | 82.55% | 190 | 13.53% | 55 | 3.92% |
| 1900 | 949 | 65.67% | 448 | 31.00% | 48 | 3.32% |
| 1896 | 874 | 60.65% | 534 | 37.06% | 33 | 2.29% |
| 1892 | 454 | 45.35% | 332 | 33.17% | 215 | 21.48% |
County Board of Commissioners :
| Position | Name | District |
| Commissioner | Ron Noon | District 1 |
| Commissioner | Michael Weyer | District 2 |
| Commissioner | Bill Stearns | District 3 |
| Commissioner | Murlyn Kreklau | District 4 |
| Commissioner | John Kangas | District 5 |
State Legislature (2018–2020) :
| Position | Name | Affiliation | District |
| Senate | Paul Utke | Republican | District 2 |
| Senate | Paul Gazelka | Republican | District 9 |
| House of Representatives | Steve Green | Republican | District 2B |
| House of Representatives | John Poston | Republican | District 9A |
U.S Congress (2018–2020) :
| Position | Name | Affiliation | District |
| House of Representatives | Pete Stauber | Republican | 8th |
| Senate | Amy Klobuchar | Democrat | N/A |
| Senate | Tina Smith | Democrat | N/A |