OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Berat Castle

Berat Castle (Albanian: Kalaja e Beratit), also referred to as the Citadel of Berat and castle quarter, is a fortress overlooking the town of Berat, Albania. It dates mainly from the 13th century and contains many Byzantine churches in the area and Ottoman mosques. It is built on a rocky hill on the right bank of the river Osum and is accessible only from the south. It is situated at an elevation of 214 metres (702 ft).

## History

After being burned down by the Romans in 200 B.C., the walls were strengthened in the 5th century under Roman Emperor Theodosius II to protect from Barbarian incursions into the Balkans. They were subsequently rebuilt during the 6th century under the Emperor Justinian I and again in the 13th century under the Despot of Epirus, Michael I Komnenos Doukas, cousin of the Byzantine Emperor. This last phase can be seen as a Monogram formed by red bricks set in a wall of the castle. The castle was under the rule of John Komnenos Asen in the mid-14th century The main entrance, on the north side, is defended by a fortified courtyard and there are three smaller entrances.
The fortress of Berat in its present state, even though considerably damaged, remains a magnificent sight. The surface that it encompasses made it possible to house a considerable portion of the cities inhabitants. The buildings inside the fortress were built during the 13th century and because of their characteristic architecture are preserved as cultural monuments. The population of the fortress was Christian, and it had about 20 Churches (most built during the 13th century) and only one mosque, for the use of the Turkish garrison (of which there survives only a few ruins and the base of the minaret). The churches of the fortress were damaged through years and only some have remained.
Berat Castle is depicted on the reverse of the Albanian 10 lekë coin, issued in 1996, 2000 and 2013.

## Churches

The 20 churches of Berat Castle are Eastern Orthodox churches built inside the castle. They contain frescoes and iconostasis painted by famous Albanian icon painters such as Onufri, Kostandin Shpataraku, Zografi Brothers and more.
The castle of Berat's population was largely Christian which lead to the construction of these churches (most of them built during the 13th Century). The churches of the fortress were damaged or destroyed through years and only some have remained. They are a symbol of the castle's history. The frescoes from these churches are painted during the Middle Ages by many icon artists such as Onufri who is famous in Albania and has his iconography museum located in the city of Berat.

### List

* Church of the Holy Trinity (Berat)
* Church of St. Michael (Berat)
* St. Mary of Blachernae Church (Berat)
* Church of St. Nicholas.
* Church of Saints Constantine and Helen.
* Church of St. George
* Evangelistria Church
* Church of St. Theodore (Berat)
* Monogram of Michael on the walls of the castle
* Houses inside Berat Castle
* 14th century Church of the Holy Trinity-(Kisha Shen Triadha)
* Dormotion of the Virgin Mary in Berat Castle.
* Church from Berat.
* Frescoes from the St. Mary of Blachernae Church (Berat)
# Coexistence (electoral systems)

In political science, coexistence involves different voters using different electoral systems depending on which electoral district they belong to. This is distinct from other mixed electoral systems that use parallel voting (superposition) or compensatory voting. For example, the rural-urban proportional (RUP) proposal for British Columbia involved the use of a fully proportional system of list-PR or STV in urban regions, combined with MMP in rural regions.
Coexistence of electoral systems exist in multiple countries, like the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Panama, as well as for elections of the European Parliament.. Historically, variants have been used in Iceland (1946–1959), Niger (1993, 1995) and Madagascar (1998).

## Types of coexistence

| Type | System | Example(s) for use |
| Coexistence | e.g. FPTP/SMP in single-member districts, list-PR in multi-member districts | Democratic Republic of the Congo, Panama |
| Supermixed | e.g. FPTP/SMP in single-member districts, conditional party block voting in multi-member districts | Cameroon, Chad |
| Supermixed | Rural-urban proportional representation (RUP) | Denmark (formerly), Iceland (formerly) |
| Supermixed | Seat linkage compensatory mixed system (MMP) and FPTP in special constituencies | Bolivia |
# 2019 Chinese Women's Football League

The 2019 Chinese Women's Football League season was the league's 5th season in its current incarnation.
The season started on 29 June and concluded on 26 October. The number of the teams were expanded from 7 to 10.

## Clubs
### Club changes
#### From Super League

Teams relegated from 2018 Chinese Women's Super League
* Hebei China Fortune

#### To Super League

Teams promoted to 2019 Chinese Women's Super League
* Meizhou Huijun

#### New teams

* Chongqing Lander
* Donghua University
* Hebei Aoli Jingying

### Stadiums and Locations

| Team | Head Coach | City | Stadium | Capacity | 2018 season |
| Hebei China Fortune | Jiao Yuying | Shijiazhuang | Yutong International Sports Center | 29,000 | |
| Zhejiang | Gao Rongming | Hangzhou | | | 2nd |
| Shandong Sports Lottery | Tang Xiaocheng | Jinan | Shandong Provincial Stadium | 43,700 | 3rd |
| Sichuan | Yang Zhe | Jiangyou | Jiangyou Sports Center | | 4th |
| Shaanxi Daqing Spring | Carlos Bona | Xianyang | Xianyang Olympic Sports Center | | 5th |
| PLA | Zhao Zhengchun | Nanchang | Jiangxi Olympic Sports Center | 50,000 | 6th |
| Yunnan Jiashijing | Gao Fulin | Kunming | | | 7th |
| Chongqing Lander | Lu Yiliang | Chongqing | | | |
| Donghua University | Gao Yan | Shanghai | | | |
| Hebei Aoli Jingying | Sui Mingyun | Tangshan | | | |

## League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| 1 | Shandong Sports Lottery (C, P) | 18 | 14 | 4 | 0 | 44 | 5 | +39 | 46 | Women's Super League |
| 2 | Zhejiang (P) | 18 | 8 | 8 | 2 | 27 | 18 | +9 | 32 | Women's Super League |
| 3 | Hebei China Fortune (Q) | 18 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 36 | 16 | +20 | 32 | Promotion Play-offs |
| 4 | PLA | 18 | 10 | 1 | 7 | 19 | 18 | +1 | 31 | |
| 5 | Sichuan | 18 | 7 | 7 | 4 | 17 | 13 | +4 | 28 | |
| 6 | Shaanxi Daqing Spring | 18 | 6 | 5 | 7 | 22 | 19 | +3 | 23 | |
| 7 | Yunnan Jiashijing | 18 | 6 | 4 | 8 | 29 | 35 | −6 | 22 | |
| 8 | Hebei Aoli Jingying | 18 | 6 | 3 | 9 | 21 | 28 | −7 | 21 | |
| 9 | Chongqing Lander | 18 | 4 | 4 | 10 | 20 | 36 | −16 | 16 | |
| 10 | Donghua University (R) | 18 | 0 | 0 | 18 | 8 | 55 | −47 | 0 | Qualification to Relegation play-offs |
# Marcos Morales

Marcos César Morales Sarmiento (born 4 January 1976) is an Argentine former rower. He competed in the men's coxless pair event at the 2004 Summer Olympics.
# 20th Century (John Sykes album)

20th Century is the third solo album by English musician John Sykes, released on 26 December 1997.
The record is a companion piece to Sykes's second solo album Loveland, released that same year. As Loveland was entirely composed of ballads, 20th Century was written to dispel accusations that Sykes had "gone soft". Sykes's goal with the album was also to have shorter and more "concise" songs, similar in vein to Van Halen's first album. The album's title was inspired by the impending end of the 20th century.
The album reached number 47 on the Japanese charts.

## Track listing

All songs written and composed by John Sykes.

## Personnel

Credits are adapted from the album's liner notes.
| Musicians John Sykes – guitars, vocals, bass (on "2 Counts") Marco Mendoza – bass Simon Phillips – drums Additional musicians Tommy O'Steen – drums (on "2 Counts") Tommy Aldridge – drums (on "Look In His Eyes") Bonnie Bonapart – drums (on "System Ain't Working" and "Found What I Needed") Mars Lasar – keyboards | Production John Sykes – production Noel Golden – mixing Jeff Robinette – additional mix engineering Orris Henry – additional engineering Eddy Schreyer – mastering Artwork William Hames – photography John Sykes and Tami Fukatami – artwork concept Masahiro Yamazaki and Ryota Mizuki – designs |

## Charts

Chart performance for Loveland :
| Chart (1997) | Peak position |
| Japanese Albums (Oricon) | 47 |
# Abbas Nilforoushan

Abbas Nilforoushan (Persian: عباس نیلفروشان; 1966 – 27 September 2024) was an Iranian brigadier general of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), who served as Deputy of Operations. He began his military career in 1980 with the Basij, then joined the IRGC and was a member of this organization throughout the Iran–Iraq War.
On 27 September 2024, he was killed in the 2024 Hezbollah headquarters strike together with Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah.

## Early life

Abbas Nilforoushan was born in Isfahan, Iran in 1966.

## Military career

At the age of 14, Nilforoushan volunteered as a Basij member and went to the western and then southern fronts. During the Iran-Iraq War, he served in various positions in the 14th Imam Hossein Division and the 8th Najaf Ashraf Armored Division, including: platoon commander, company commander, battalion commander, axis commander, and deputy operations commander of the 8th Najaf Division under the command of Ahmad Kazemi.
Previously, his military career included positions such as deputy operations commander of the IRGC Ground Forces, commander of the IRGC Command and Staff College, deputy to the IRGC Commander-in-Chief at the Imam Hussein Headquarters, executive deputy of the IRGC, and deputy operations commander of the IRGC during Brigadier General Mohammad Reza Zahedi's tenure. He had been serving as the deputy operations commander of the IRGC since 2019. He also had five years of experience in Lebanon and Syria on his resume.
Nilforoushan served as the Deputy of Operations for the IRGC Ground Forces from 2005 to 2007. Between 2010 and 2014, he worked as the commander of the IRGC Command and Staff College, and since 2019, he had been the Deputy of Operations for the IRGC. On 26 October 2022, the U.S. Department of the Treasury and the Department of State jointly sanctioned Nilforoushan for his role in suppressing protests in Iran.

## Death

On 27 September 2024, Nilforoushan was killed at the main headquarters of the Shia organization Hezbollah by an Israeli airstrike alongside Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah. His remains were repatriated to Iran, with his burial scheduled on 17 October in Isfahan following a series of funeral ceremonies in Tehran, Qom and Mashhad.
# Connell Mansion

Connell Mansion is a historic home located at Ephrata, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. It was built about 1860, and is a three-story, brick dwelling with a low hipped slate roof and octagonal cupola. It has a two-story, rear section with a one-story extension, both with gable roofs. Also on the property are a contributing carriage house and frame privy.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.
# Xavier De Beukelaer

Balthazar Philippe François Xavier De Beukelaer (27 September 1902 – 1 December 1944) was a Belgian fencer. He competed in three Olympic Games.
# Mariano Sosa

Mariano Ernesto Sosa Ribicich (born 3 November 1975) is an Argentine rower. He competed in the men's coxless four event at the 1996 Summer Olympics.
# Medal of Bravery (Iraq)

The Medal of Bravery (Arabic: النوط الشجعة, al-Nut al-Shujat) was a medal awarded by the First Republic of Iraq and Ba'athist Iraq to Iraqi military personnel for brave acts in war. It was awarded in many of Iraq's conflicts.

## History

The medal was instated in 1958, during the rule of Abdul-Karim Qasim. The medal has changed appearance twice, although the shape has stayed largely the same since 1958. It changed once in 1963 and again in 1990.
# Leopold, Count of Limburg Stirum (born 1681)

Leopold Johann Otto Wilhelm of Limburg Stirum (December 27, 1681 – February 11, 1726), was count of Limburg Styrum from the branch Limburg-Styrum-Iller-Aichheim.
He was the first son of Maximilian Wilhelm of Limburg Stirum. In 1712, he married countess Barbara Draskovich de Trakostjan (June 27, 1687 – died before 1734). The couple had two children:
* Maximilian Anton (born in 1713, probably died in 1726),
* Amalia Wilhelmine (born in 1714, died before 1755).
He died before his father and the sovereignty of Simontornya went over to his younger brother Karl Joseph Alois.

## Sources

* De takken Gemen en Styrum van het geslacht van Limburg Stirum; Dr. A.J. Bonke; Stichting van Limburg Stirum; The Hague, 2007
* Iconografie van het Geslacht van Limburg Stirum; C.J. Graaf van Limburg Stirum; Walburg Instituut, Amsterdam, 1994
* A. Giraud, M. Huberty, F. et B. Magdelaine, "L'Allemagne Dynastique, Tome VII"
# Rura

Rura is a Nagar Panchayat in Kanpur Dehat District in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh on the banks of Lower Ganga canal, 49 km from Kanpur Nagar.

## Education

* R. P. S. Inter College
* Pt. O. P. Sharma Degree College
* Janka Devi Degree College

## Places of worship

* Waneshwar Mahadev Temple
* Parhul Devi Temple, Lamahra
* Durga Temple
* Patha Mai Temple
* Balaji Temple, Dhanirampur
* Shiv Bajrang Dham, Kishunpur
* Bajrang Bali Dham Tanki Talab
* Town Church

## Transport

Rura bus stand is situated at Akbarpur Road and Derapur Road meet point. People can get bus for Akbarpur, Raniya, Fazalganj, Ramadevi and Galuwapur, Derapur Route. Bus is also available to Mangalpur via Derapur, Nonari & Dilval. Another bus stand at canal bridge, From where people may get bus to Sheoli, Kalyanpur & Kanpur, and other route to Billhaur via Jhinjhak, Rasulabad and another to Bilhaur via Banipara, Minda ka Kunwa.
Rura railway station is the primary railway station in the town on Howrah–Delhi main line. The station is under the administration of Udit Pandey and North Central railway zone. Kanpur Central is the nearest major railway station.
Following are the express trains stopping at Rura railway station:
* Gomti Express
* Unchahar Express
* Sikkim Mahananda Express
* Sangam Express (towards Meerut City)]]
* Agra-Lucknow Intercity Express
* Patna-Kota Express
* Tatanagar/Sambalpur- Jammu Tawi Express
Following are the passenger trains stopping at Rura railway station:
* Phaphund <=> Kanpur Central MEMU
* Tundla <=> Kanpur Central MEMU
* Etawah <=> Kanpur Central MEMU
* Aligarh Jn. <=> Kanpur Central Fast MEMU

## Geography

Rura is located at 26°29′N 79°54′E﻿ / ﻿26.48°N 79.9°E﻿ / 26.48; 79.9. It has an average elevation of 127 metres (416 feet).

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Rura had a population of 35,206. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Rura has an average literacy rate of 70%, lower than the national average of 75%: male literacy is 75%, and female literacy is 65%. In Rura, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age.

## Gallery

* Parhul Devi Temple
* Durga Temple
* Waneshwar Mahadev Mandir
* Shiv Bajrang Dham, Kishunpur
* Banyan tree - Shiv Bajrang Dham, Kishunpur
* R. P. S. Inter College
* C. D. Girls Inter College
* Rura Railway Station
* Home of Social Activist Babu Ram Prasad Shukla
# Rukhsana Naveed

Rukhsana Naveed(Urdu: رخسانہ نوید) is a Pakistani politician who had been a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan from August 2018 till January 2023.

## Political career

She was elected to the National Assembly of Pakistan as a candidate of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) on a reserved seat for women from Punjab in the 2018 Pakistani general election.
On 27 September 2018, Prime Minister Imran Khan appointed her as Federal Parliamentary Secretary for Climate Change.

### Resignation

In April 2022, she also resigned from the National Assembly seat along with all Tehreek-e-Insaaf members after the Foreign-imposed Regime Change by the United States.
# Petar Dichev

Petar Dichev (Bulgarian: Петър Дичев, born 16 June 1969) is a Bulgarian alpine skier. He competed at the 1992, 1994 and the 1998 Winter Olympics.
# Holddown

Holddown works by having each router start a timer when it first receive information about a network that is unreachable. Until the timer expires, the router will discard any subsequent route messages that indicate the route is actually reachable. It can resolve situations where multiple routers are connected indirectly. There are realistic scenarios where split horizon and split horizon with poisoned reverse are ineffective.
In other words, a holddown prevents a router from receiving route updates until the network appears to be stable—until either an interface stops changing state (flapping) or a better route is learned.
Holddowns are typically implemented with timers. If the router detects that a network is unreachable, the timer is started. The router will then wait a preset number of seconds until the network stabilizes. When the timer expires, the router will begin receiving its routing updates from other routers. For example, in RIP, the default holddown timer is set to 180 seconds.
# 2020 Chinese Women's Football League

The 2020 Chinese Women's Football League, officially known as the 2020 China Taiping Chinese Football Association Women's Football League (Chinese: 2020中国太平中国足球协会女子甲级联赛) for sponsorship reasons, was the 6th season in its current incarnation. In this season, all matches were held at Jiangning Football Training Base, Nanjing, Jiangsu. The season began on 12 September 2020 and concluded on 3 October 2020. In this season, the number of clubs was reduced from 10 to 7.

## Clubs
### Stadiums and locations

| Team | Head Coach | 2020 season |
| Sichuan | Yang Zhe | 5th |
| Shaanxi Daqing Spring | Liu Huana | 6th |
| Yunnan Jiashijing | Gao Fulin | 7th |
| Chongqing Lander | Jia Jing | 9th |
| Shanghai Greenland Shenhua | Ye Zhijing | League Two, 3rd |
| Guangzhou Evergrande Taobao | Li Kun | League Two, 4th |
| Dalian Pro | Fan Yiying | League Two, 5th |

## League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| 1 | Sichuan (C, P) | 6 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 16 | 3 | +13 | 16 | Promotion to Women's Super League |
| 2 | Shaanxi Daqing Spring | 6 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 14 | 2 | +12 | 14 | |
| 3 | Dalian Pro | 6 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 9 | 5 | +4 | 10 | |
| 4 | Shanghai Greenland Shenhua | 6 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 9 | 12 | −3 | 7 | |
| 5 | Chongqing Lander | 6 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 6 | −2 | 7 | |
| 6 | Guangzhou Evergrande Taobao | 6 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 9 | −5 | 4 | |
| 7 | Yunnan Jiashijing | 6 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 21 | −19 | 1 | |
* 1 2 Head-to-head results: Chongqing 0–1 Shanghai Greenland Shenhua

## Results

| Home \ Away | CQ | DLP | GZE | SX | SGS | SC | YN |
| Chongqing Lander | | | | 0–0 | 0–1 | | |
| Dalian Pro | 2–0 | | | | 2–2 | | |
| Guangzhou Evergrande Taobao | 1–2 | 0–1 | | | 3–2 | | |
| Shaanxi Daqing Spring | | 1–0 | 2–0 | | | 2–2 | 7–0 |
| Shanghai Greenland Shenhua | | | | 0–2 | | | |
| Sichuan | 1–0 | 2–1 | 2–0 | | 4–0 | | |
| Yunnan Jiashijing | 1–2 | 0–3 | 0–0 | | 1–4 | 0–5 | |

## Positions by round

To preserve chronological evolvements, any postponed matches are not included to the round at which they were originally scheduled, but added to the full round they were played immediately afterwards. For example, if a match is scheduled for round 7, but then played between rounds 8 and 9, it will be added to the standings for round 8.
| Team ╲ Round | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
| Sichuan | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Shaanxi Daqing Spring | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Dalian Pro | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Shanghai Greenland Shenhua | 7 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 4 |
| Chongqing Lander | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 5 |
| Guangzhou Evergrande Taobao | 6 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 6 |
| Yunnan Jiashijing | 5 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 |
* Promotion to Women's Super League

## Results by match played

| Team ╲ Round | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
| Chongqing Lander | W | W | D | L | L | L | |
| Dalian Pro | | D | L | W | W | L | W |
| Guangzhou Evergrande Taobao | L | L | D | L | W | | L |
| Shaanxi Daqing Spring | W | W | D | | D | W | W |
| Shanghai Greenland Shenhua | L | D | | W | L | W | L |
| Sichuan | W | | W | W | D | W | W |
| Yunnan Jiashijing | L | L | D | L | | L | L |
# Fernand Bosmans

Fernand Bosmans (29 June 1883 – 30 July 1960) was a Belgian fencer. He won a bronze medal in the team épée event at the 1908 Summer Olympics.
# Mateusz Borkowski

Mateusz Borkowski (born 2 April 1997) is a Polish middle-distance runner competing primarily in the 800 metres. He won a bronze medal in 4 × 800 metres relay at the 2017 IAAF World Relays.

## International competitions

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Poland ||||||
| 2013 | European Youth Olympic Festival | Utrecht, Netherlands | 1st | 3000 m | 8:28.89 |
| 2014 | Youth Olympic Games | Nanjing, China | 13th | 1500 m | 3:55.58 |
| 2015 | European Junior Championships | Eskilstuna, Sweden | 3rd | 800 m | 1:49.21 |
| 2016 | World U20 Championships | Bydgoszcz, Poland | 22nd (h) | 800 m | 1:50.93 |
| 2017 | European Indoor Championships | Belgrade, Serbia | 16th (h) | 800 m | 1:50.08 |
| 2017 | IAAF World Relays | Nassau, Bahamas | 3rd | 4 × 800 m relay | 7:18.74 |
| 2017 | European U23 Championships | Bydgoszcz, Poland | 4th | 800 m | 1:48.92 |
| 2017 | Universiade | Taipei, Taiwan | 12th | 1500 m | 3:50.99 |
| 2018 | European Championships | Berlin, Germany | 5th | 800 m | 1:45.42 |
| 2019 | European Indoor Championships | Glasgow, United Kingdom | 11th (h) | 800 m | 1:48.82 |
| 2019 | European U23 Championships | Gävle, Sweden | 1st | 800 m | 1:48.75 |
| 2021 | European Indoor Championships | Toruń, Poland | 2nd | 800m | 1:46.90 |
| 2021 | Olympic Games | Tokyo, Japan | 18th (sf) | 800 m | 1:46.54 |
| 2022 | World Championships | Eugene, United States | 30th (h) | 800 m | 1:47.61 |
| 2022 | European Championships | Munich, Germany | 19th (h) | 800 m | 1:47.74 |
| 2023 | European Indoor Championships | Istanbul, Turkey | 9th (sf) | 800 m | 1:47.55 |
| 2023 | World Championships | Budapest, Hungary | 8th (sf) | 800 m | 1:44.30 |
| 2024 | World Indoor Championships | Glasgow, United Kingdom | 20th (h) | 800 m | 1:48.07 |
| 2024 | European Championships | Rome, Italy | 12th (h) | 800 m | 1:46.12 |
| 2024 | Olympic Games | Paris, France | 7th (rep) | 800 m | 1:45.27 |

## Personal bests

Outdoor
* 400 metres – 48.58 (Ostróda 2018)
* 800 metres – 1:45.42 (Berlin 2018)
* 1000 metres – 2:18.88 (Szczecin 2018)
* 1500 metres – 3:41.97 (Gdańsk 2015)
Indoor
* 400 metres – 49.96 (Bratislava 2017)
* 600 metres – 1:18.36 (Łódź 2018)
* 800 metres – 1:47.11 (Toruń 2017)
* 1000 metres – 2:26.11 (Łódź 2016)
* 1500 metres – 3:45.83 (Spała 2016)
# Adrien Quiret de Margency

Adrien Quiret de Margency also Adrien Cuyret de Margency (1727 – c. 1802) was an 18th-century French officer of the Maison militaire du roi de France (Gentilhomme ordinaire de la chambre du roi), writer and Encyclopédiste.

## Biography

Quiret de Margency was the son of Adrien Cuyret (d. 1744) and Marie Madeleine d'Hocquinquant (d. 1761), married since 4 May 1718. In 1731, the father acquired in the town of Margency a manor and bailiwick of the previous owners for 57,000 livres. Margency is a commune of Val-d'Oise and possibly Adrien Quiret de Margency's birthplace
He often frequented the salons of Paris inspired by the philosophie des Lumières, where he could meet Baron d'Holbach, also called the Coterie holbachique or that of Louise d'Épinay.. He had a friendly relation with Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
De Margency wrote some articles for the sixth and seventh volumes of the Encyclopédie by Denis Diderot: Faveurs, Fidélité, Fleurette and Galanterie.
In 1761, de Margency was subject to a creative crisis similar to that of an experienced colleague, Joseph-François-Édouard de Corsembleu. He proposed marriage to his mistress Marie Madeleine de Brémond d'Ars, marquise de Verdelin (1728-1810), who was a widower since 1763.

## Selected works

* La fidélité en amour n'est pas la constance, c'est une vertu plus délicate, plus scrupuleuse et plus rare. Citation d'Adrien Quiret de Margency; Mémoires 1759.
* Aimer d'un amour sincère pour demeurer fidèle. Citation d'Adrien Quiret de Margency; Mémoires 1759
# Ivan Gulev

Ivan Gulev (Bulgarian: Иван Гулев; born 12 December 1957) is a Bulgarian sports shooter. He competed in the men's trap event at the 1996 Summer Olympics.