OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Johannesburg Magistrate's Court bombing

The Johannesburg Magistrate's Court Bombing took place on 20 May 1987 in Johannesburg, in the former Transvaal Province, now in Gauteng. The bombing is often referred to as a massacre in which 4 South African Police members died and a further 15 civilians were injured. It was perpetrated by the ANC's Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) para-military wing.

## Bombing

The bombing started with a limpet mine attack which lured policemen out of the Johannesburg Magistrates Court after it exploded. A police cordon was then established around the blast site and was then followed-up by a car bomb.
Three South African Police officers, Weyers Botha, Andre Duvenhage and Kobus Wilkens were killed in the second blast, while a fourth, Christoffel Botha died two days later in hospital from shrapnel wounds. At least 15 policemen and civilian's were injured.One of the policemen that survived the ordeal, was Constable Frederick Ernst who was in hospital for a month. He was released from hospital after a series of schrapnel removal operations and numerous skin grafts. Police would later find a remote control device in a flowerpot close to the bomb site. Eleven journalist that arrived at the scene were detained by police, accused of knowing the about the bomb beforehand.
It was established at a Truth and Reconciliation amnesty hearing in 1998 that a three man team under the instruction of Siphiwe Nyanda, commander of MK in the Transvaal based in Swaziland (since 2018 renamed to Eswatini) were responsible for the bombing. Solly Shoke supplied the limpet mine, remote control and explosives. Joseph Koetle was responsible for the delivery of the limpet mine and car bomb to the target and its remote detonation. William Mabele drove the second car.
The bomb was built the day before in Soweto and placed in a stolen VW Golf. On the day of the bombing, the Koetle drove the car bomb in the morning to the parking site outside the court and was driven back to Soweto by Mabele. Koetle returned to the site around 12h10 and armed the car bomb and planted the limpet mine in a rubbish bin nearby with a fifteen minute delay. He waited for the first explosion at a nearby café and after it detonated, watched for a police cordon to be set-up in an attempt to minimize civilian casualties before detonating the car bomb remotely.

## Significance

According to historian Padraig O’Malley this bombing was notable among the various Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) operations due to the loss of life, according to his research hundreds of bombings and terrorist acts were committed with the vast majority having no fatalities. This could either be attributed to an increase in hostilities or an unfortunate accident.
# Edina Knapek

Edina Knapek (born 5 October 1977) is a Hungarian foil fencer, bronze medallist at the 2002 and 2005 World Championships, and team gold medallist at the 2007 European Championships. She competed in the women's individual and team foil events at the 2000 and 2008 Summer Olympics.
# Steve Kearns

Steve Kearns (born November 23, 1956) is a former Canadian football slotback who played six seasons in the Canadian Football League (CFL) with the BC Lions and Hamilton Tiger-Cats. He was a territorial exemption of the BC Lions in the 1980 CFL Draft. He played college football at Liberty Baptist College and attended Wexford High school in Scarborough, Ontario. Steve's twin brother Dan also played in the CFL.

## Early years

Kearns was born in São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil and played soccer as a youth. His family moved back to Canada so Steve and his brother Dan could attend Wexford High school. They first played Canadian football in Grade 11.

## College career

Kearns played college football for the Liberty Flames.

## Professional career

Kearns was selected by the BC Lions of the CFL as a territorial exemption in the 1980 CFL Draft. He played in 25 games for the Lions from 1980 to 1982. He was traded to the Hamilton Tiger-Cats and played in 30 games for the team from 1982 to 1985. Kearns retired after the 1985 season.

## Personal life

Kearns has worked as a chaplain for professional athletes with Athletes in Action after his playing career. He has been a chaplain for the Toronto Raptors, Hamilton Tiger-Cats, Toronto Argonauts and Toronto FC. His wife, Georgie, whom he met at Liberty Baptist College, has also worked with Athletes in Action.
# Saint-Sulpice, Maine-et-Loire

Saint-Sulpice (French pronunciation: ) is a former commune in the Maine-et-Loire department in western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Blaison-Saint-Sulpice. Its population was 204 in 2022.
# DirectAdmin

DirectAdmin is a graphical web-based web hosting control panel allowing administration of websites through a web browser. The software is configurable to enable standalone, reseller, and shared web hosting from a single instance. DirectAdmin also permits management of server tasks and upgrades to package software (such as Apache HTTP Server, PHP, and MySQL) from within the control panel, simplifying server and hosting configuration.

## System requirements

DirectAdmin is compatible with several versions of CloudLinux, Red Hat, Fedora Core, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, CentOS, FreeBSD, Ubuntu and Debian.
* Processor: 500 MHz
* Memory: 1 GB (2 GB is preferred), with at least 2 GB of swap memory
* HDD Space: minimal 2 GB free space (after the Linux install)
# Alexander Hahn (artist)

Alexander Hahn (born 1954) is an artist working with electronic media. An artistic innovator in his field, he integrates the time-based form of video with practices of computer imagery and print, animation, virtual reality, installation, and writing. He addresses the electronic image as a technological metaphor for perception, memory and dream: signals oscillate between lighting up and blanking out, between sensory presence, mental apparition and oblivion. As art historian Dominique Radrizzani writes in the catalog Astral Memories of a Flying Man: "It is this luminous realm of dream that Hahn’s great art of light and shadow rediscovers, using video like those infinite eyes which night has opened in us (Novalis) ... The terrains explored by Hahn are not those of the terrestrial globe anymore, but rather those of the ocular globe, the inward looking hemisphere of the eye."

## Life

Hahn was born in Zürich and grew up in Rapperswil-Jona, Switzerland. Introduced to computers while at the gymnasium Kantonsschule Zürcher Oberland in Wetzikon (1966–1973), he created a game of snakes and ladders in the APL (programming language). During his studies in Visual arts education at the Zurich University of the Arts (Bachelor in 1979), he made his first videos and Super8 films, e.g. «Flight and Glass» (1976) or the Mockumentary «Demis» (1977) about the singer Demis Roussos. In 1981, he moved to New York and participated in the Whitney Museum Independent Study Program (ISP).
In 1990, he spent nine months in Rome as a fellow of the Istituto Svizzero. Between 1991 and 1994, he lived in Berlin, first as a fellow of the DAAD, the German Academic Exchange Service, then as Artist-in-residence at ART+COM. From 1995 to 1997, he lived in Warsaw. Today, Hahn lives and works in the Lower East Side of New York City and in Zürich.

## Work

In her analysis "Miniature and Series: The Re-invention of the Epistolary Form in the Work of Alexander Hahn", Cathie Payne writes that his "method of engaging with the very small, the fleeting, and the momentary, is part of an intimate, deeply personal and reflexive practice that offers a way to reproach the world through this change of scale - a world in miniature - and to reflect on this strangeness, vastness and beauty of what is found within the context of accelerated urban density and a changing anthropogenic worldview." Since his first exhibition at the Lucerne Gallery Apropos in 1978, Hahn showed his work worldwide in over 20 solo exhibitions and in over 100 group shows and video festivals. In 2007, the Kunstmuseum Solothurn and Museum der Moderne Salzburg organized a retrospective about his work. The San Francisco Museum of Modern Art showed his interactive work "Luminous Point" in 2008 in the bi-personal show "Room for Thought - Alexander Hahn and Yves Netzhammer."
# István Lichteneckert

István Lichteneckert (17 August 1892 – 10 November 1929) was a Hungarian fencer. He won a bronze medal at the 1924 Summer Olympics in the team foil competition.
# Enammocephalus

Enammocephalus is an extinct genus from a well-known class of fossil marine arthropods, the trilobites. It lived during the Botomian stage, which lasted from approximately 524 to 518.5 million years ago. This faunal stage was part of the Cambrian Period.
# 2021 Senegalese protests

The 2021 Senegalese protests were a series of mass protests and rioting against the arrest of opposition leader Ousmane Sonko over rape allegations which left 13 dead in Senegal during early March. Protests occurred starting throughout Senegal on 3 March, when hundreds gathered to protest the opposition leader's arrest. Thousands took to the streets over the next 3 days and internet was restricted to curb the protests.

## Background

Since 2012, Macky Sall has been president of Senegal. In December 2020, Sall suggested running for a third term in 2024 just six months after signing a law which abolished the post of Prime Minister of Senegal.
The protests began after the opposition leader was arrested for allegations of rape of schoolgirls. He has denied any allegations and has claimed that President Macky Sall is trying to arrest him. The opposition leader called for protests in support of the opposition and for the creation of an anti-government movement. The protests came under the slogan "Trop c'est trop", meaning "Enough is Enough".
Initial protests and public strikes began with anti-lockdown demonstrations in 5-13 January in Pikine, Yoff and Dakar, leaving clashes with police, who fire tear gas. The protests in the country turned violent on 8-10 February, when rioters clashed with police after they marched towards parliament after allegations of rape in Dakar.

## Protests

Noisy protests broke out in Dakar and spread nation-wide as protests calling for opposition leader's release intensified on Wednesday, 3 March. After two days of protests and rioting against his arrest, thousands gathered at the Presidential office and clashed with riot police and security forces, who fired tear gas canisters and rubber bullets to disperse growing anti-government protests. According to Human Rights Watch live ammunition was used against protesters.
Protests continued despite violence at the University of Dakar on Friday, 5 March, in which 2-4 protesters were killed during the mass protest movement as protesters rolled stones at police striking tanks and firing tear gas at protesters, who in return set up roadblocks and barricades in Dakar. Demonstrations intensified the next day, with hundreds participating in rallies outside the prison Ousmane Sonko is in.
During the protest, the use of Facebook, Twitter, WhatsApp and Telegram on cellular networks was disrupted.
In June 2023, the response to the protests turned increasingly violent, with Amnesty International counting 23 fatalities, most of which were caused by bullets fired by police or armed police collaborators.

## Aftermath

In the aftermath of the unrest, the government announced an inquiry. While the official government death toll remains at five, opposition members claimed thirteen died in the unrest.
On March 8, lawyers announced Sonko would be released on bail with the condition that he cannot travel without the prior permission of a judge and must refrain from commenting to the public and media on the rape case.
# Summer Girls

"Summer Girls" is a song by American pop group LFO. It was released on June 29, 1999, as the lead single from their debut album, LFO (1999). "Summer Girls" reached number three on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). In 2010, Billboard magazine named it the 14th-biggest summer song of all time. In 2019, Billboard also ranked the song the 43rd-greatest song of 1999. This was the band's first single to feature Devin Lima as a member of the group after original member Brian "Brizz" Gillis left the group.

## Background and content

The song was written by Rich Cronin, Dow Brain, and Brad Young. Cronin said the song included numerous inside jokes, and that he never anticipated its success. He claimed this was because the song was made strictly for a demo tape, but was leaked to WWZZ, a top 40 radio station in Washington, D.C. PD Dale O'Brien at the radio station got an unmixed copy of the song from Kelly Schweinsberg, GM of LFO's initial label, Logic Records. He listened to it a few days later, his "jaw dropped, and the song was added in a hot second."
The song has myriad, primarily 1980s and early 1990s, cultural references, including Cherry Coke, Macaulay Culkin in Home Alone, Michael J. Fox, his Family Ties character Alex P. Keaton, New Edition, Kevin Bacon in Footloose, New Kids on the Block, Larry Bird, Abercrombie and Fitch, Cherry Pez, Mr. Limpet, Paul Revere, Chinese food, pogo sticks, Eric B. and Rakim, "Candy Girl", The Color Purple, Boogaloo Shrimp, and Fun Dip. The song also references The Wizard of Oz and Shakespeare's sonnets.

## Music video

The music video was directed by Marcus Raboy and was released on July 20, 1999. It was filmed at Coney Island in New York.

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United States (RIAA) | Platinum | 1,300,000 |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format(s) | Label(s) | Ref. |
| United States | June 29, 1999 | CD | Arista | |
| United Kingdom | September 6, 1999 | CDcassette | Arista | |
# Jelena Erić (handballer)

Jelena Erić (born October 12, 1979) is a retired Serbian handball player. She was a member of the Serbian national team.
# Q500

Q500 may refer to:

## Aviation

* Q500 Pylon Racing, a category of air drone racing around pylons
* Yuneec International Q500 Typhoon, an air drone manufactured by Yuneec International
* Bombardier Q500, a proposed 90-seat stretched version of the Bombardier de Havilland Canada DASH-8 Q-series turboprop airliner

## Other uses

* Quantum Q500, a series of ST-506 hard drives manufactured by Quantum Corporation
* Xolo Q500, a System-on-a-Chip using a Qualcomm Snapdragon 200 core, see List of Qualcomm Snapdragon systems-on-chip
# Girl Groups (RuPaul's Drag Race)

"Girl Groups" is the fifth episode of the sixteenth season of RuPaul's Drag Race. The members of the Swedish synth-pop duo Icona Pop are guest judges.
Amanda Tori Meating is eliminated from the competition, after placing in the bottom two and losing a lip-sync against Q.

## Episode

For the episode's mini-challenge, the contestants are tasked with creating a front cover and author biography for a bestselling book. Sapphira Cristál wins the mini challenge.
For the main challenge, the contestants are tasked to write and perform verses for RuPaul songs from the album Black Butta in groups of four. Geneva Karr, Plasma, and Sapphira Cristál are the team captains.
* "Star Baby", Team Q.D.S.M. includes Dawn, Q, Morphine Love Dion, and Sapphira Cristál
* "Courage to Love", Team Lovah Girlz includes Amanda Tori Meating, Plane Jane, Plasma, and Xunami Muse
* "A.S.M.R Lover", Team Thicc & Stick includes Geneva Karr, Megami, Mhi'ya Iman Le'Paige, and Nymphia Wind
On the runway, the category is "Faster Pussycat, Wig, Wig". In additional to RuPaul and Michelle Visage, Ts Madison is a judge and members of the Swedish synth-pop duo Icona Pop are guest judges. Team Thicc & Stick is the winning team, with Geneva Karr, Megami, Mhi'ya Iman Le'Paige, and Nymphia Wind all winning the challenge. Team Q.D.S.M. and Team Lovah Girlz are the losing teams. Amanda Tori Meating and Q receive negative critiques, and are announced as the bottom two, while the rest of the queens are declared safe. Amanda Tori Meating and Q lip-sync to "Emergency" (2015) by Icona Pop. Amanda Tori Meating is eliminated from the competition.
# Saint-Martin-du-Bois, Maine-et-Loire

Saint-Martin-du-Bois (French pronunciation: ) is a former commune in the Maine-et-Loire department in western France. On 15 December 2016, it was merged into the new commune Segré-en-Anjou Bleu. Its population was 969 in 2022.

## Geography

The river Oudon forms the commune's southern border.
# Weapons of Death

Weapons of Death (Italian: Napoli spara!, also known as Naples Shoots) is a poliziottesco film directed by Mario Caiano in 1977. It is spin-off from the Commissioner Betti Trilogy as the character of Gennarino (still played by Massimo Deda) returns from the film Violent Naples.

## Plot

In Naples, the young commissioner Antonio Belli, despite the good will and support of a special team, is unable to arrest the bandit Salvatore Santoro, sure of the protection of his godfather Don Alfredo Criscuolo, the Camorra boss who manages all the drug trade in the city. Not even the attempt to turn a rival gang against him leads to better results, and Santoro and his men continue to carry out several hits and spread terror in the city.
Finally captured and put in prison, Santoro escapes thanks to the intervention of the elderly boss. Inspector Belli is suspected by his superiors of friendship with the boss. The only way to frame Santoro will be to set a trap for him. In the end the Camorra member will be killed in a shootout at Naples Central Station.

## Cast

* Leonard Mann as Commissioner Belli
* Henry Silva as Santoro
* Jeff Blynn as Guidi
* Evelyne Stewart as Lucia Parisi
* Massimo Deda as Gennarino
* Adolfo Lastretti as Pedophile
* Kirsten Gille as Taxi Patron
* Mario Deda as Nardi, Belli's Assistant
* Enrico Maisto as Don Licata
* Tommaso Palladino as Don Calise
* Tino Bianchi as Don Alfredo
* Mario Erpichini as Chief of Police
* Maurizio Gueli as Serrao
* Massimo Vanni as Rosati
* Maurizio Mattioli as Special Agent

## Release

Weapons of Death was released in Italy on 22 February 1977 through the distributor Fida Cinematografica. It grossed a total of 1,049,324,370 Italian lira on its release.

## Reception

Regarding the film, Massimo Pepoli wrote in Il Messaggero (translated from Italian): "The little film, despite the banality of the plot, will not fail to satisfy fans of the genre, as it is full of action, blood and shootouts".
# Sherzod Temirov

Sherzod Temirov (Uzbek Cyrillic: Шерзод Темиров; born 27 October 1998) is an Uzbek professional footballer who currently plays as a striker and a left winger for Hong Kong Premier League club Kitchee.

## Club career
### Persepolis

On 28 February 2022, Temirov signed an 18-month contract with Persian Gulf Pro League champions Persepolis.

### Kitchee

On 22 November 2023, Temirov signed for Hong Kong Premier League club Kitchee.

## International career

Temirov made his international debut for the Uzbekistan in a 3–0 friendly win over South Sudan on 27 January 2022 (substituted Eldor Shomurodov in the 72nd minute).

## Career statistics

    As of 8 December 2023
| Club | Division | Season | League | League | Cup | Cup | Asia | Asia | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Division | Season | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Nasaf | Super League | 2018 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 |
| Nasaf | Super League | 2019 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 8 | 1 |
| Nasaf | Total | Total | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 8 | 1 |
| Mash'al | Super League | 2020 | 23 | 1 | 2 | 2 | — | — | — | — | 25 | 3 |
| Pakhtakor | Super League | 2021 | 18 | 8 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 26 | 8 |
| Persepolis | Pro League | 2021–22 | 8 | 1 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 9 | 1 |
| Persepolis | Pro League | 2022–23 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Persepolis | Total | Total | 10 | 1 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 11 | 1 |
| Paykan | Pro League | 2022–23 | 25 | 1 | 2 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 27 | 2 |
| Kitchee | Premier League | 2023–24 | 13 | 5 | 9 | 3 | — | — | — | — | 22 | 8 |
| Kitchee | Premier League | 2024–25 | 4 | 5 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 4 | 5 |
| Kitchee | Total | Total | 17 | 10 | 9 | 3 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 26 | 13 |
| Career Totals | Career Totals | Career Totals | 101 | 22 | 18 | 6 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 123 | 238 |

## Honours
### Pakhtakor

* Uzbekistan Super League (1): 2021
* Uzbekistan Cup (1): 2020
* Uzbekistan Super Cup (1): 2021

### Kitchee

* Hong Kong Senior Challenge Shield (1): 2023–24
* HKPLC Cup (!): 2023–24
# Black hole bomb

A black hole bomb is the name given to a physical effect utilizing how a bosonic field impinging on a rotating black hole can be amplified through superradiant scattering. If the amplified field is reflected back towards the black hole, the amplification can be repeated, leading to a run-away growth of the field, i.e. an explosion. This explosion can be as powerful as a supernova. One way this reflection could be realized in nature is if the bosonic field has mass. The mass of the field can then cause the amplified modes to be trapped around the black hole, leading to an endless cycle of self-amplification. The mechanism by which the black hole bomb functions is called superradiant instability. It can also refer to one such method of creating such a runaway effect, a Penrose sphere with no means for energy to passively escape.

## History

The idea that angular momentum and energy may be transferred from a rotating black hole to a particle being scattered by it was proposed by Roger Penrose in 1971. The first discussion of a runaway effect, the black hole bomb, was explored by W. H. Press and S. A. Teukolsky in 1972. If such an effect were to spontaneously occur, it may point to new physics beyond the Standard Model, and showing that black holes have "hair", as pointed out by a paper from 2017, by William E. East and Frans Pretorius.
# Thom Haaland

Thom Bernhard Haaland (born 25 February 1967) is a sailor from Bergen, Norway. He has represented his country at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain as crew member in the Soling. With helmsman Rune Jacobsen and fellow crew member Erling Landsværk they took the 105th place.
# 269 Justitia

269 Justitia is a fairly sizeable main belt asteroid around 50 km in diameter. It was discovered by Johann Palisa on 21 September 1887 in Vienna. The asteroid was named after Justitia, the Roman equivalent of Themis, the Greek goddess of justice (she also has an asteroid named after her, 24 Themis).
Justitia has a very red color due to tholins on its surface, similar to trans-Neptunian objects. It is therefore thought to have formed in the outer Solar System despite its current orbit within the asteroid belt. The asteroid will be visited by the United Arab Emirates' MBR Explorer mission, which will attempt to land on its surface in 2034.