OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Optical disc recording modes

In optical disc authoring, there are multiple modes for recording, including Disc-At-Once, Track-At-Once, and Session-At-Once.

## CD Disc-At-Once

Disc-At-Once (DAO) for CD-R media is a mode that masters the disc contents in one pass, rather than a track at a time as in Track At Once. DAO mode, unlike TAO mode, allows any amount of audio data (or no data at all) to be written in the "pre-gaps" between tracks.
One use of this technique, for example, is to burn track introductions to be played before each track starts. A CD player will generally display a negative time offset counting up to the next track when such pre-gap introductions play. Pre-gap audio before the first track of the CD makes it possible to burn an unnumbered, "hidden" audio track. This track can only be accessed by "rewinding" from the start of the first track, backwards into the pre-gap audio.
DAO recording is also the only way to write data to the unused R-W sub-channels. This allows for extended graphic and text features on an audio CD such as CD+G and CD-Text. It is also the only way to write audio files that link together seamlessly with no gaps, a technique often used in progressive rock, trance and other music genres.

## CD Track-At-Once

Track-At-Once (TAO) is a recording mode where the recording laser stops after each track is finished and two run-out blocks are written. One link block and four run-in blocks are written when the next track is recorded. TAO discs can have both data and audio at the same time.
There are 2 TAO writing modes:
* Mode 1
* Mode 2 XA

## DVD-R Disc At Once

Disc-At-Once (DAO) recording for DVD-R media is a mode in which all data is written sequentially to the disc in one uninterrupted recording session. The on-disk contents result in a lead-in area, followed by the data, and closed by a lead-out area. The data is addressable in sectors of 2048 bytes each, with the first sector address being zero. There are no run-out blocks as in CD-R disc-at-once.

## Session At Once

Session-At-Once (SAO) recording allows multiple sessions to be recorded and finalized on a single disc. The resulting disc can be read by computer drives, but sessions after the first are generally not readable by CD Audio equipment.

## Audio Master Quality Recording

Audio Master Quality Recording was introduced by Yamaha in 2002.
The feature is only available on some models, notably the Yamaha's CRW3200 and CRW-F1 series, and Plextor's Premium 2. CD Recorders with this feature are no longer manufactured.
It uses the Disc-At-Once method, usually at 1x, but some recorders allow for 4x and 8x speed mode. Since the pits and lands are longer, the quantity of information that can fit on a disc is less than with a normal method: 63 minutes instead of 74 minutes on a 650MB CD or 68 min instead 80 minutes on a 700MB CD.
# Elihu W. Baldwin

Elihu Whittlesey Baldwin (born Durham, New York, December 25, 1789; died Crawfordsville, Indiana, October 15, 1840) was a prominent American Presbyterian minister and the first president of Wabash College.

## Life

Elihu Baldwin was the second of six children of Deacon Jonathan Baldwin (1758-1843) and his wife Submit (Lord) (1764-1855). The Baldwins had moved from Durham, Connecticut to a new settlement in Durham, New York and later continued to move west, spending the end of their lives in Atwater, Ohio. The Baldwins were joined in Durham by Jonathan's brother Seth and his family, including future missionary Dwight Baldwin (1798-1886).
Baldwin was admitted to Yale College in 1807; he took five years to complete his studies, taking time off to teach to help pay his way. After spending several years teaching at an academy in Fairfield, Baldwin was admitted to the Andover Theological Seminary in 1814 and was ordained September 10, 1817. He was initially employed by the Young Men's Society of New York City as a missionary in the area of Corlaer's Hook, then a neighborhood notorious for prostitution and drinking. By March 1818 he had founded the seventh Presbyterian church in New York City, meeting in that district, and by the time of Baldwin's death the congregation had grown to over 1900 members. The congregation built a new church in 1826, at the corner of Broome and Ridge streets; it burned down on February 17, 1831.
In 1835 Baldwin was asked to take up the presidency of a college to be erected in Crawfordsville, Indiana; he accepted and proceeded to raise funds for the new institution and move his family there. Baldwin presided over a difficult beginning; the college's first building burned down in 1838 and needed to be rebuilt. Baldwin fell ill during a trip taken for the college and died October 15, 1840.

## Publications

Baldwin published several short works published as religious tracts: "On Fashionable Amusements" (New England Tract Society, 1815) and "Universalism Exposed" (New England Tract Society, 1823). He also published works aimed at use in Sunday schools - a book of moralizing stories, "The Five Apprentices" (1828) and "The Young Freethinker Reclaimed" (American Sunday-School Union, 1829).
Two of Baldwin's sermons were published in the publication "The National Preacher" in the December 1827 issue. His inaugural speech was published as "An Address Delivered in Crawfordsville, Indiana, July 13th, 1836: On Occasion of His Inauguration as President of Wabash College", and also his "Address on the encouragement of emulation in the education of youth : delivered before the Education Convention of Indiana" (1837).

## Family

Baldwin married Julia C. Baldwin (1800-1850) (not a close relation) on May 12, 1819. They had seven children, three of whom died in childhood. Julia (1822), Joseph (1826), Frances (1829), and Mary (1841) survived to adulthood. Joseph, a lawyer, was a state senator in Missouri in 1864.
# WSIU (FM)

WSIU (91.9 FM, "Powered by You") is a radio station broadcasting a news/talk/information and classical music format. Licensed to Carbondale, Illinois, the station serves Southern Illinois. The station is currently owned by Southern Illinois University Carbondale and features programming from American Public Media, National Public Radio, and Public Radio Exchange. Programming originating from WSIU includes Celtic Connections, a Celtic music show.
WSIU's programming is also heard on WUSI 90.3 FM in Olney, Illinois and WVSI 88.9 FM in Mount Vernon, Illinois.
WSIU first took to the air on September 15, 1958, as WSRV (Southern's Radio Voice). It became WSIU in 1960.
# Duck Stab/Buster & Glen

Duck Stab!/Buster & Glen, later renamed Duck Stab, is the fifth studio album by American art rock group the Residents, released in November 1978.
It is named after the first side of the album, Duck Stab!, a seven-song EP released earlier in 1978; Buster & Glen, the B-side of the album, was intended to follow Duck Stab!. After the first pressing of Duck Stab! quickly sold out, which was an oddity for the band, they decided to re-release it as one side of an album, with the unreleased Buster and Glen as side two. This was also in part due to the poor audio quality of the original Duck Stab! EP.
The shorter length of the songs made the album more accessible for fans who had recently heard the band's cover of "Satisfaction", and songs like "Constantinople" and "Hello Skinny" helped cement the band's cult following. Some noted that the Residents were approaching commercial elements with this EP, but they were purposefully avoiding others, such as a traditional chorus/verse structure. This album features guitar by Philip "Snakefinger" Lithman.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Christgau's Record Guide | A− |
| The Independent | |
| The Rolling Stone Album Guide | |
Duck Stab was included in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die. In 2018, Andy Gill of The Independent wrote that "as nursery rhymes, [the songs on Duck Stab] blend the sinister with the simple; and as cartoons, they’re the musical equivalent of Tex Avery, constantly playing with their medium and breaking the frame."

## Track listing

All tracks written and composed by the Residents, except "Sinister Exaggerator" by the Residents and Snakefinger.

### 1987 CD bonus tracks

Tracks 15–18 taken from the 1980 EP Diskomo/Goosebump.

### 2018 pREServed edition
## Personnel

* The Residents – arranger, producer
* Snakefinger – vocals, electric guitar
* Ruby – vocals on "The Electrocutioner"
* G. Whifler – photography
* Pore No Graphics – cover art

## Covers

* "Blue Rosebuds" was covered by Shock Headed Peters on the compilation album Devastate to Liberate in December 1985.
* Primus released a medley of the songs "Hello Skinny" and "Constantinople" on the Caroline Records compilation promotional CD On the Nineties Tip... in 1990, and included it as a bonus track on the 2002 reissue of Frizzle Fry. Shortly afterwards, they covered "Sinister Exaggerator" on their 1992 EP Miscellaneous Debris. In the UK, it was on the CD single "Making Plans for Nigel (Cheesy EP 2)".
* "Bach is Dead" was covered by Idiot Flesh on their 1997 album Fancy.
* "Hello Skinny" and "The Electrocutioner" was covered by Flat Earth Society on their 2000 album Bonk.
* Friendly Rich and the Lollipop People covered "Blue Rosebuds" on their 2010 album The Sacred Prune of Remembrance.
# 1978 Cameroonian parliamentary election

Parliamentary elections were held in Cameroon on 28 May 1978. The country was a one-party state at the time, with the Cameroonian National Union as the sole legal party. 2,618 candidates ran for a place on the CNU list, with 120 eventually winning a place on it, equal to the number seats available in the National Assembly, winning all of them with a 98% turnout.

## Results

| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
| | Cameroonian National Union | 3,614,768 | 100.00 | 120 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 3,614,768 | 100.00 | 120 | 0 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 3,614,768 | 99.98 | | |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 596 | 0.02 | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | 3,615,364 | 100.00 | | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 3,663,358 | 98.69 | | |
| Source: Nohlen et al. ||||||
# Ricardo Gomes de Mendonça

Ricardo Gomes de Mendonça (born 31 January 1990) is a Brazilian paralympic athlete. He competed at the 2020 Summer Paralympics in the athletics competition, winning the bronze medal in the men's 200 metres T37.
# Manhunt: Luigi Mangione and the CEO Murder - A Special Edition of 20/20

Manhunt: Luigi Mangione and the CEO Murder - A Special Edition of 20/20 is a 2024 American documentary film about Luigi Mangione, the alleged shooter involved in the killing of UnitedHealthCare CEO Brian Thompson. It aired in the United States on ABC on December 19, 2024, fifteen days after Thompson's killing and ten days after Mangione's arrest.

## Synopsis

The documentary focuses on Luigi Mangione, the alleged shooter involved in the killing of UnitedHealthCare CEO Brian Thompson and the subsequent search for the suspect.
Interviewees on the film's subject included a "friend of the suspect," ABC News contributor and FBI profiler Brad Garrett, ABC News senior investigative correspondent Aaron Katersky, ABC News legal contributor and defense attorney Brian Buckmire, ABC News chief investigative reporter Josh Margolin; and WABC reporter Josh Einiger.

## Production

In December 2024, four documentaries on Luigi Mangione were announced. ABC News was allegedly the first to be released. It was developed by executive producer Muriel Pearson, senior executive producer David Sloan, and 20/20 executive producer Janice Johnston. The special was initially said to include audio of Mangione discussing his travels in Japan in 2024, but this material was reported to have been excluded from the final broadcast.
One of the executive producers, Santina Leuci, is the daughter of Robert Leuci, a former New York City police detective whose anti-corruption efforts were the subject of Sidney Lumet's 1981 film Prince of the City (played by actor Treat Williams).

## Release

Manhunt: Luigi Mangione and the CEO Murder - A Special Edition of 20/20 was aired at 10 PM EST on ABC on December 19, 2024, and became available on streaming via Hulu the next day.

## Reception

The special was viewed by 1.65 million viewers in the United States on ABC.
# Cerro do Inhacurutum

Cerro do Inhacurutum is a 304.15 meters high hill as measured from sea level; and 176.20 meters high from a local GPS measurement; latitude: 28° 01′ 50″, longitude: 55° 03′ 06″. The name Inhacurutum is of Guarani language origin. The hill is located in the municipality of Roque Gonzales, in the northwest of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It is approximately 734 meters high at sea level and 176 meters high at the site, being the highest point in the municipality.

## Historical reference

Guarani Indian chief, cacique Nheçu (Note: spelled Ñezú in Spanish; with alternative graphic representations of this name both in Spanish and in Portuguese) commanded resistance to the first European colonizing incursions in what is today's southernmost state of Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul from this place; especially because of the privileged natural visual advantage that it offers.
Traditionally most historians have treated the events regarding this aspect of the colonization of the region as a separate chapter of the history of Rio Grande do Sul, however this is changing.
From this centrally located operations' base cacique Nheçu supposedly ordered the assassination of Jesuit priests Roque González de Santa Cruz, Afonso Rodrigues, and Juan del Castillo in 1628 when they were killed. Today these three Jesuits are considered martyrs by the Catholic Church and are venerated throughout the region as such.

## Surrounding area

Small farm holdings characterize the surrounding area, with emphasis on soybeans, corn, wheat, cassava; raising cattle, pigs, chickens and other domesticated animals are also seen in the region neighboring the Inhacurutum hill. The international river port of Porto Xavier is also located not far away in the same area (officially the Porto Internacional de Porto Xavier, in Portuguese; and Puerto Internacional de la Barca San Javier, in Spanish).

## Tourism

There is some tourism development in the area with guided tours to the hilltop when prearranged locally.

## Language

The language spoken in the area is Brazilian Portuguese, the national language of Brazil. Many people in the area understand Spanish. Also, at home and in small communities the language of the first settlers is still spoken, that is Riograndenser Hunsrückisch and East Pomeranian German.
# 1940 Lonsdale by-election

The 1940 Lonsdale by-election was held on 12 April 1940. The by-election was held due to the succession to the peerage of the incumbent Conservative MP, David Lindsay. It was won by the Conservative candidate Ian Fraser.
# Johannes Bogerman

Johannes Bogerman (1576 – 11 September 1637) was a Frisian Protestant divine.
He was born in Upleward (now Ostfriesland, Germany), the son of a preacher. From 1591 onwards, he studied in Franeker, Heidelberg, Geneva, Zürich, Lausanne, Oxford and Cambridge. In 1599, he became pastor in Sneek, 1603 in Enkhuizen and 1604 in Leeuwarden. In 1636, he became professor for theology in Franeker.
He helped translate the Bible into Dutch (the Statenbijbel) and was appointed as President of the Synod of Dort which authorized the translation and produced the Canons of Dort, otherwise known as the Five Points of Calvinism. His advisor was William Ames and, despite himself being Supralapsarian, argued at the Synod for the Canons to include the Infralapsarian position. According to Simon Kistemaker, he was a "peace-loving president, who through patience and kindness was able to control the emotional and even quarrelsome natures of the delegates."
As a Calvinist, he preached against Anabaptists, Mennonites, Jesuits and the Arminians. He died in Franeker.
# Dylan Fetcho

Dylan Fetcho (born August 25, 2000) is an American professional stock car racing driver who has competed in the ARCA Menards Series, having last drivin the No. 95 Toyota for MAN Motorsports.
Fetcho has also previously competed in series such as the ASA STARS National Tour, the ASA CRA Super Series, the ASA Southern Super Series, and the CARS Pro Late Model Tour.

## Motorsports results
### ARCA Menards Series

(key) (Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. Italics – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led.)
ARCA Menards Series results :
| Year | Team | No. | Make | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | AMSC | Pts | Ref |
| 2022 | MAN Motorsports | 95 | Toyota | DAY | PHO | TAL | KAN | CLT | IOW | BLN | ELK | MOH | POC | IRP 12 | MCH | GLN | ISF | MLW | DSF | KAN | BRI | SLM | TOL | 88th | 32 | |
# John Ebersole (educator)

John Frederick Ebersole (April 4, 1944 – November 23, 2016) was an American educator, author, columnist, and president of Excelsior College. He served as president from 2006 to 2016, succeeding C. Wayne Williams, the founding president of the college.

## Experience and education

Ebersole's career as an educator began at John F. Kennedy University. He eventually held positions at the University of California, Berkeley, Colorado State University, and Boston University, where he developed "BU Global". He also held a Sandler Fellowship at Harvard University's Kennedy School of Government.
Ebersole chaired the American Association of Community Colleges' Corporate Council and served on the board of directors of the Presidents' Forum. He holds a Doctor of Law and Policy degree from Northeastern University.

## Military career

Ebersole, a Vietnam War veteran, served in the U.S. Coast Guard from 1962 to 1983, achieving the rank of Commander (O-5) and receiving numerous military decorations, including two Bronze Stars. He held three commanding officer positions, including USCGC Cape Morgan (Charleston, South Carolina, 1968-1969), USCGC Point Grace (Cat Lo, Republic of Vietnam, 1969-1970), and, Pacific Area Training Team (Alameda, California, 1979-1981).

## Awards and recognitions

In 2009, Ebersole was awarded the Secretary of the Army Public Service Award. On May 6, 2014, Ebersole was inducted into the United States Distance Learning Association Hall of Fame.
# Linga, Busta Voe

Linga is a small, uninhabited island, 1 km (0.62 mi) east of Muckle Roe in the Shetland Islands. The island is roughly circular in shape and its highest elevation is 69 metres (226 ft). Its area is 70 hectares (0.27 sq mi).

## Geography and geology

Linga is almost completely round, with a central peak. It lies between the mouths of Olna Firth and Gon Firth on the west coast of the Shetland Mainland. To the north is Delting on the Mainland, and the Mainland is also to the south and east. Papa Little is to the south west, and Mavis Grind to the north.
There is a submerged rock known as Groin Baa to the north.
The island is composed of gneiss and schist, with some quartzite and pelite. Its landscape is one of rough grass and heather.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Area and population ranks: there are c. 300 islands over 20 ha in extent and 93 permanently inhabited islands were listed in the 2011 census.
* ↑ 2001 UK Census per List of islands of Scotland
* 1 2 Haswell-Smith, Hamish (2004). The Scottish Islands. Edinburgh: Canongate. ISBN 978-1-84195-454-7.
* ↑ Get-a-map (Map). Ordnance Survey.
* ↑ "Overview of Linga". Gazetteer for Scotland. Retrieved 6 January 2008.
60°21′31″N 1°21′27″W﻿ / ﻿60.35861°N 1.35750°W﻿ / 60.35861; -1.35750
* This Shetland location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# John Frizzell (composer)

John Frizzell (born 1966) is an American film and television composer, known for his work with Mike Judge. He scored Judge's films Beavis and Butt-Head Do America, Office Space and Beavis and Butt-Head Do the Universe (2022), and he supplied the music for Judge's television sitcom King of the Hill. Frizzell also gained notice for his score to Crime of the Century in 1996, followed by Dante's Peak and Alien Resurrection in 1997.

## Film scores
### 1995

* Whose Daughter Is She?
* It Was Him or Us

### 1996

* Deadly Pursuits
* Undertow
* Red Ribbon Blues
* Beavis and Butt-Head Do America
* The Rich Man's Wife
* Crime of the Century
* The Empty Mirror

### 1997

* Opposite Corners
* Dante's Peak
* Alien Resurrection

### 1998

* Mafia! (as Gianni Frizzelli)
* I Still Know What You Did Last Summer

### 1999

* Office Space
* Teaching Mrs. Tingle
* The White River Kid

### 2000

* Beautiful
* Lockdown
* Possessed

### 2001

* Josie and the Pussycats
* James Dean
* Thirteen Ghosts

### 2002

* Slap Shot 2: Breaking the Ice
* Ghost Ship

### 2003

* Gods and Generals
* Cradle 2 the Grave
* The Whizzard of Ow

### 2004

* The Goodbye Girl
* Karroll's Christmas

### 2005

* The Prize Winner of Defiance, Ohio
* Four Minutes
* Wal-Mart: The High Cost of Low Price

### 2006

* A Little Thing Called Murder
* Stay Alive
* The Woods

### 2007

* Careless
* Primeval
* First Born
* The Reaping
* Black Irish
* Beneath

### 2008

* Henry Poole Is Here
* Wisegal
* 100 Feet
* Tenure

### 2009

* Evil Angel
* The Lodger
* From Mexico with Love
* Whiteout

### 2010

* Legion
* Shelter

### 2011

* The Roommate

### 2013

* Texas Chainsaw 3D

### 2014

* The Loft

### 2016

* When the Bough Breaks

### 2017

* Leatherface

### 2018

* The Possession of Hannah Grace

### 2020

* Zappa
* Space Force
* Duncanville (2020-2022)

### 2022

* Beavis and Butt-Head Do the Universe
* Beavis and Butt-Head
# 1941 Colima earthquake

The 1941 Colima earthquake occurred on April 15 at 19:09 UTC (13:09 local time). The epicenter was located in the State of Michoacán, Mexico.
The magnitude of this earthquake was put at M$_s$ 7.7 or M$_w$ 7.7. The intensities were X (Extreme) in Colima, VIII (Severe) in Manzanillo, and V (Moderate) in Mexico City. Ninety people were reported dead. The cathedral of Colima was destroyed. Many houses and public buildings in Colima, including the Federal Palace (Palacio federal) and the Hidalgo Theater (Teatro Hidalgo), were damaged. Of the 8,000 houses in the city of Colima, 900 or 2000 collapsed, according to different sources.
This earthquake was an interplate earthquake between the Cocos plate and the North American plate. It occurred in the Colima region of the Middle America Trench. This earthquake was very close to where the 1973 Colima earthquake occurred. From the locally recorded time intervals between the arrival of the S wave and the P wave (S−P times) and from the felt intensities, it is suggested that the rupture zone of this earthquake was larger than the 1973 earthquake and may have extended into the rupture zone of the 1985 Michoacán earthquake.