OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# David B. Jones Special

The David B. Jones Special was a one-time, passenger train operated by the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway from Los Angeles, California, to Chicago, Illinois, at the request of David Benton Jones. David B. Jones was suddenly taken ill with cancer at his winter home "Pepper Hill" in Montecito, California. This special rushed him to his Chicago physicians and surgeons at an average speed of 50 miles per hour (80km/h). This run was completed three minutes faster than the more famous 1905 Scott Special. Although not part of the speed run, the train continued on to David B. Jones' summer home in Lake Forest, Illinois.

## Overall trip summary

The train left La Grande Station at Los Angeles at 11:33 PM May 5, 1923, Pacific Time and arrived in Chicago at 12:50 AM on May 8 Central Time. The 2,232-mile (3,592 km) journey was completed "in exactly 47 hours and 27 minutes." The actual running time was only 44 hours and 51 minutes which deducts time spent for stops such as those for coal and water and the 55-minute delay caused by the breakdown of a Union Pacific locomotive ahead of the special at Nebo, California. The running time was therefore three minutes less than the Scott Special. Thus, the average speed was 47 mph (76 km/h) and the average running speed was 50 mph (80 km/h). It was "a phenomenal run when compared with the regular Santa Fe limited time of sixty-eight hours and thirty minutes." The $11,000 special thus saved about 20 hours over the time of the regularly scheduled train. ($11,000 is equivalent to $196,700 in present-day terms.) "Mr. Jones' daughter, Gwendolyn Jones; his brother [Thomas D.], a doctor and two nurses accompanied him on the trip."

## Speed and time over selected segments

The special train traveled over selected segments as follows: F. M. Gillette, engineer, and W. L. Evens, fireman on locomotive 1370 ran between Los Angeles and Barstow, California-141.4 miles (228 km)—on the Los Angeles Division in 3 hours and 26 minutes. This included:
* 34 minutes in the first 13 miles (21 km) to Lamanda Park, Pasadena, California, due to a slow order, and
* 16 minutes taking water and testing the air brakes, and
* 27 minutes climbing a "stiff" mountain grade (Cajon Pass).
The 432-mile (695 km) run between Seligman, Arizona, and Albuquerque, New Mexico, on the Albuquerque Division was scheduled for 12 hours, but completed in 9 hours and 32 minutes.
"The stretch between Dodge City and Newton, Kansas, was covered at 65 miles per hour [(105 km/h)]."
The Special covered the 455.3 miles (733 km) between Argentine, Kansas, and Chicago in 7 hours and 45 minutes at about 60 mph (97 km/h). This was "thirty minutes faster than the Scott Special."

## After arriving in Chicago

"Upon arrival here [Chicago] it was switched back over the Northwestern track to Lake Forest, arriving there at 3:46 p.m. This switchback, however, is not counted in making the record."

## Legacy

The run "was in the nature of staging a comeback at the aviation record in the non-stop flight from New York to San Diego last week." However, the run was only marginally faster than the Scott Special.
# Seyfi Tatar

Seyfi Tatar (26 May 1948 – 23 November 2015) was a Turkish boxer. He competed at the 1968 Summer Olympics and the 1972 Summer Olympics. At the 1972 Summer Olympics, he lost to Pasqualino Morbidelli of Italy in his first fight.

## Olympic results
### 1968 – Mexico City

Below are Khallaf Allah's results in the featherweight category at the 1968 Mexico City Olympics:
| Round | Opponent | Result |
| Round of 32 | Mouldi Manai | Won by decision 4–1 |
| Round of 16 | Kim Sung-eun | Won by decision 3–2 |
| Quarterfinals | Ivan Mihailov | Lost by decision 2–3 |
# As Safra District

As Safra District (Arabic: مديرية الصفراء) is a district of the Sa'dah Governorate, Yemen. As of 2003, the district had a population of 50,845 people.
# Yamatosaurus

Yamatosaurus (meaning "Yamato reptile") is a genus of basal hadrosaurid from the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)-aged Kita-Ama Formation of Awaji Island, Japan. The genus contains a single species, Yamatosaurus izanagii.

## Discovery and naming

The holotype MNHAH D1-033516, consisting of part of the right lower jaw, twelve teeth, four cervical vertebrae, three cervical ribs, a partial right coracoid and a posterior caudal vertebra, was discovered on Awaji Island in Japan in May 2004 by Shingo Kishimoto. In 2005, the find was reported in the scientific literature. Kishimoto in 2013 donated the holotype to Japan's Museum of Nature and Human Activities in the Hyogo Prefecture, where the fossils were prepared by Kazumi Wada, Tomomi Ikeda and Chisato Ota to be described in 2021. The species Yamatosaurus izanagii was named in 2021 by Yoshitsugu Kobayashi, Ryuji Takasaki, Katsuhiro Kubota and Anthony Ricardo Fiorillo. The fossils were found in dark grey mudstones within the upper part Kita-Ama Formation, which was deposited in marine conditions in distal turbidite facies on the edge of the continental slope in an intra-arc basin. The sediments date to subchron 32.1r28, corresponding to the early Maastrichtian stage of the Late Cretaceous, around 71.94–71.69 million years ago, making it roughly contemporaneous with fellow Japanese hadrosaur Kamuysaurus.

## Etymology

The generic name, Yamatosaurus, refers to Yamatai, also known as Yamato, an ancient region in Japan ruled by the Yamato Kingdom, while the specific name, Y. izanagii, refers to the deity Izanagi, who created eight islands in Yamato: Awaji Island (where the holotype was discovered) Shikoku, Oki, Kyushu, Iki, Tsushima, Sado and Honshu.

## Classification

Yamatosaurus is a basal hadrosaurid, more derived than Hadrosaurus but less than Saurolophinae+Lambeosaurinae. Its presence, along with those of Plesiohadros and Tanius, suggests East Asia may have served as a refuge for basal hadrosaurs in the Late Cretaceous. However, it was also contemporaneous with the more derived Kamuysaurus, suggesting some level of provinciality.
# 1536 in literature

This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1536.

## Events

* unknown dates
** Petar Zoranić writes the first Croatian novel, the pastoral-allegorical Planine ("Mountains"); it is first published posthumously in Venice in 1569.
** The first Helvetic Confession is drawn up, in Latin, by Heinrich Bullinger and Leo Jud of Zürich, Kaspar Megander of Bern, Oswald Myconius and Simon Grynaeus of Basel, Martin Bucer and Wolfgang Capito of Strasbourg, with other representatives from Schaffhausen, St Gall, Mülhausen and Biel.

## New books

* John Calvin – Institutes of the Christian Religion (in Latin)
* Sir Thomas Elyot – The Castel of Helth
* Wessel Gansfort – Sum of Christianity (English translation)
* Paracelsus – Die große Wundarzney

## Poetry

* Aonio Paleario – De immortalitate animarum

## Births

* February 2 – Piotr Skarga (Piotr Powęski), Polish hagiographer (died 1612 )
* May 13 – Jacobus Pamelius, Flemish theologian (died 1587)

## Deaths

* March 1 – Bernardo Accolti, Italian poet
* c. July – John Rastell, English printer and author (born c. 1475)
* July 12 – Erasmus, Dutch-born Renaissance humanist scholar (born 1466)
* September 25 – Johannes Secundus, Dutch poet writing in Latin (born 1511)
* October 14 – Garcilaso de la Vega, Spanish soldier and poet (born c.1501)
* date unknown – Merten de Keyser, French printer and publisher working in Antwerp
# Taryck Gabriel

Taryck Gabriel (born 6 April 1995) is a Saint Lucian cricketer. He made his first-class debut for the Windward Islands in the 2016–17 Regional Four Day Competition on 9 December 2016.
# Tommy Cavanagh

Thomas Henry Cavanagh (29 June 1928 – 14 March 2007) was an English football player and coach. As a player, he was an inside-forward at six professional clubs, most notably Huddersfield Town, Doncaster Rovers and was player manager at Cheltenham Town, Brentford, Newcastle, and Manchester United, leading the latter to win the FA cup in 1977.

## Career

After retiring as a player, Cavanagh coached and later managed Brentford. He coached at Nottingham Forest from 1966 until 1972. He then linked up with his former Preston teammate Tommy Docherty as a coach at Manchester United. During this time he worked with George Best, who notably bought him a white television for being late for training. Cavanagh stayed at United when Docherty was sacked in 1977 and became assistant manager under Docherty's successor, Dave Sexton, but he left the club following Ron Atkinson's appointment in 1981. From 1976 to 1979 he was also Northern Ireland assistant manager to Danny Blanchflower. He later had a spell as coach at Newcastle United.
Ahead of the 1983 season, Cavanagh was hired as manager of Rosenborg. In Norwegian, the terms coach and manager are used interchangeably. Cavanagh had previously done an excellent job as coach at Manchester United, but lacked abilities in team selection, tactics and inspiration. He used players in the wrong position, and instructed the ball to be kicked over the midfield, making it impossible to use the playmaker. He believed in breaking down the players and then building them up, and was unarguably good at the former. By the summer, his style was costing the club players: Knut Torbjørn Eggen transferred to Orkanger in the Fourth Division, while Øivind Husby transferred to Brøndby in Denmark. Cavanagh was fired in August, at which time the club was second-last in the league, and Nils Arne Eggen took over as manager for the rest of the season. The team finished on a seventh place. President Erling Meirik withdrew as a consequence of the hiring, stating that in the future, the club should hire people based on more than their reputation and that they should seek judicial assistance with the contract.
In 1985, he became Martin Buchan's assistant at Burnley, and took over as manager when Buchan was sacked later that year. After leaving Burnley in 1986, he worked at the FA School of Excellence at Lilleshall until his retirement.

## Personal life

In 2002, Cavanagh was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease and died in March 2007, aged 78.
# Tourlaville

Tourlaville (French pronunciation:) is a former commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Cherbourg-en-Cotentin. In the early modern era, the lords of Tourlaville were the de Ravalet family.

## Heraldry

| Arms of Tourlaville | The arms of Tourlaville are blazoned : Azure, a tower argent, overall a chevron or. |
# Filippo Mondelli

Filippo Mondelli (18 June 1994 – 29 April 2021) was an Italian rower, gold medallist at the 2018 European Rowing Championships and at the 2018 World Rowing Championships in the men's quadruple sculls.
In February 2020 he was reported to be suffering from osteosarcoma in his left leg. He died in Cernobbio in April 2021, at the age of 26.
# 13th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)

The 13th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) was held during 23–31 May 1924 in Moscow. Of the delegates attending, 748 had voting rights, and 416 had consultative rights. The congress elected the 13th Central Committee.
This congress was the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)' first to take place after the death of Vladimir Lenin, and represents a transition between the Lenin and Joseph Stalin regimes. It was also the first confrontation between the Left Opposition (led by Leon Trotsky) and the "troika" (led by Stalin, Grigory Zinoviev, and Lev Kamenev).

## Background

By the time of Lenin's death on 21 January 1924, the New Economic Policy (NEP) had produced some economic stability after the famines and crises that had plagued the post-Civil War Soviet economy, such as the "sales crisis" of 1922. The posthumous cult of Lenin became a strategic tool for various Party leaders vying for the leadership. Party membership expanded by more than half during the February "Lenin Enrollment," while Stalin gave a series of lectures later titled Foundations of Leninism. Even though Stalin had been condemned as "too rude and... intolerable" and recommended for dismissal by the late Lenin in his "Last Testament," Stalin nonetheless successfully retained his position as General Secretary and crafted a powerful public association with Lenin's personality cult. Stalin's supporters used Trotsky's former disputes with Lenin to condemn him, and his theory of "permanent revolution" would become the main object of attack in the great theoretical debates following the 13th Party Congress.

## Discussions

Among the many issues that dominated the 13th Party Congress, the factional split between the Left Opposition and the "troika" was a major divider. Trotsky and the Left Opposition argued that world revolution was required for the success of socialism, since the Soviet Union could not survive on its own without any aid from Western economies. On the other hand, Stalin, Zinoviev, and Kamenev of the "troika" argued that the Politburo should proceed to organize socialism on a national scale, a policy known as "socialism in one country." On 27 May, Stalin declared Trotsky's line a "petty-bourgeois deviation."
Lenin's "Letter to the Congress" was also read out loud to the 13th Party Congress, and among its criticisms of the different leading personalities of the Politburo, the most condemning was of Stalin. Nonetheless, the Congress chose to not to publish this letter, and Stalin retained his post as General-Secretary until his death in 1953.

## Aftermath

The 13th Party Congress marked the beginning of the Stalinist era, and the factionalism that emerged set the stage for the next five years, during which further struggles would emerge between factions over Soviet and international policy.
# Orsini Polyptych

The Orsini Polyptych (also known as the Orsini Altarpiece or Passion Polyptych) is an altarpiece produced at an unknown location by Simone Martini for private devotion by a cardinal of the Orsini family. Its precise date is still under discussion. It was taken to France very early in its lifespan and formed a major influence on late medieval French artists. It is now split between the Louvre in Paris, the Royal Museum of Fine Arts in Antwerp and the Gemäldegalerie in Berlin.
On the back of the Louvre panel (Christ Bearing the Cross) is the coat of arms of the Orsini family. It shows the man who commissioned the painting dressed as a cardinal at the foot of the Cross. Some art historians see this as a portrait of the Roman cardinal Napoleone Orsini, who owned a fragment of the True Cross, which may explain the choice of subject. Under this hypothesis, he commissioned it before leaving Rome for the papal court in Avignon or in Avignon itself, where Martini followed Orsini.
The altarpiece was probably in the Champmol Charterhouse, near Dijon, by the end of the 14th century. It was still there in the prior's chambers in 1791, when it was sold and split up. The four panels in Antwerp (the Crucifixion, the Descent from the Cross, the Archangel Gabriel and the Virgin of the Annunciation) were sold in Dijon in 1826 and acquired for the collection of Florent van Ertborn, mayor of Antwerp; they were originally two panels, with Gabriel and the Virgin on the reverse of the other two panels, before they were later sawn off. Van Ertborn bequeathed these panels to the Royal Museum of Fine Arts in 1841. The Louvre panel (Christ Bearing the Cross) was bought from a man named L. Saint-Denis in 1834. The Berlin panel (the Entombment) was bought from the Paris art dealer Émile Pacully in 1904. Originally it had the same golden background as the other panels, but this was painted over in red, probably in the middle of the 15th century.

## Reconstruction

When open, the altarpiece had four scenes of Christ's Passion on one side, from left to right Christ Bearing the Cross (Louvre), the Crucifixion (Antwerp), the Descent from the Cross (Antwerp) and the Entombment (Berlin). On the reverse of the two central panels were the two Annunciation panels, now in Antwerp. On the reverse of one of the outer panels, Christ Bearing the Cross, is the coat of arms of the Orsini family. The Berlin panel probably had the same on its reverse, but this is now lost through subsequent alterations of the panel.
* Christ Bearing the Cross
* Crucifixion
* Descent from the Cross
* Entombment
* Archangel Gabriel
* Virgin of the Annunciation

## Related works

* Simone Martini and Lippo Memmi, Annunciation, 1333, Uffizi, Florence
* Simone Martini, Angel of the Annunciation, c. 1330, National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC
* Simone Martini, Virgin of the Annunciation, c. 1330, Hermitage Museum, Saint Petersburg
# 99 Bishopsgate

99 Bishopsgate is a commercial skyscraper in London. It is located on Bishopsgate, a major thoroughfare in the City of London financial district. The building is 104 metres (341 ft) tall and has 25 office floors, with a total net lettable floor space of circa 30,000 square metres (322,900 sq ft). There are a further three plant floors at levels LG, 14 and 27.
The original core and steelwork was completed in 1976. At the time, it had the fastest lifts in Europe, running at up to 6.5 metres per second. The building was occupied solely by HSBC until the organisation moved to 8 Canada Square at Canary Wharf (that building subsequently became known as the HSBC Tower).
99 Bishopsgate was extensively damaged in 1993 by a truck bomb exploded by the Provisional IRA, which also damaged the neighbouring Tower 42.
The building was fully refurbished over a period of 14 months, which resulted in substantially improved cladding and a façade overrun which increased its overall height slightly. Larger, open plan floorplates were also created. It re-opened in mid-1995 as a multi-let office tower and is currently owned (leasehold) by Hammerson and managed by CBRE Group.
CBRE has produced an energy performance certificate (EPC) for 99 Bishopsgate which has resulted in a 'C' rating for the building. The factors that influenced the rating are the impact of specifying energy efficient plant and equipment during refits and the standard of building-related information made available for the purposes of EPC calculation. Considering the age of the building, a 'C' rating is considered impressive.
A public right of way exists through the building as part of the City of London 'highwalk' system, connecting a pedestrian bridge over London Wall to the walkways around Tower 42.
On 31 January 2025, the City of London approved plans for the construction of a new 54-storey tower at the site. Demolition of the current building is planned to commence in 2026.

## Tenants

* Brookfield
* Huawei Technologies
* Korea Development Bank
* Latham & Watkins
* MBIA
* RELX
# Jeppiaar

Dr. Jeppiaar (11 June 1931 – 18 June 2016), also known as J. P. R., was an Indian politician, educationist, and industrialist. He was born in Muttom near Nagercoil, Travancore Cochin Presidency, now the Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu.
He obtained his Bachelor of Law (B.L.) from Madras University and his PhD from Anna University. He was the founder and chairman of Jeppiaar Educational Trust and he was the founder and chancellor of the Sathyabama University. He was also the president of the Consortium of Professional, Arts and Science Colleges of Tamil Nadu.
He is one of the pioneers in the privatization of engineering education in Tamil Nadu. His net worth was estimated at ₹ 3,000 crore in 2016.

## Early life

Jeppiaar was born in a Mukkuvar Roman Catholic Christian family. His father was Jesuadimai and mother Panimalar Ammal, after whom he named the Panimalar educational institutions. He was said be a close associate of M. G. Ramachandran.

## Political career

During Dr. M. G. Ramachandran's regime, he acted as the Government chief whip of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Council. He also served as the Secretary of the Chennai District AIADMK party from 1972 to 1987 and was a special envoy to the Chief Minister.
* The chairman of Madras Water Supply and Sewerage Board (Metro Water).
* Honorary services as Elected Member of Legislative Council
* Director of Tamil Nadu Fisheries Development Corporation.

## Death

On 18 June 2016, he died shortly after experiencing breathlessness, sometimes rarely between 8.30 PM and 8.45 PM Indian Standard Time IST. He was rushed to the emergency ward of Global Hospital at around 8.50 PM, Perumbakkam, where he was declared dead upon arrival. He was aged 85, at the time of death. Funeral of Jeppiaar took place at Sathyabama University, Chennai on 19 June 2016 and was attended by students, teachers, politicians, film personalities and people from different walks of life; and he was laid to rest at the entrance portion of the university.

### Launch of memorial museum

As a tribute to him, a memorial museum was set up and inaugurated in the premises of sathyabhama university on 17 June 2017. The museum is an artistic tribute to him, and was launched a day before his first death anniversary, by Dr. Regeena Jeppiaar. This museum is the first of its kind in India, which has been exclusively dedicated for an educationist. It has a collection of his various portraits, depicting his life and achievements in many fields such as academic, cultural, and social circles from his childhood till demise amongst his personal things. The whole work of the museum was designed by the artist Mr. A. P. Sridhar. Several dignitaries from cinema and educational fields attended and inaugurated the museum.

## Filmography
### As producer

| Year | Film | Notes |
| 1980 | Vasantha Azhaippugal | |
| 1982 | Pani Malar | |
| 1985 | Unnai Vida Maatten | |
| 1991 | Nallathai Naadu Kekum | also director & actor |

### As actor

| Year | Film | Role | Notes | Ref. |
| 1991 | Nallathai Naadu Kekum | Raja | also director & producer | |
# 1540 in literature

This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1540.

## Events

* July 22 – Klemens Janicki is appointed poeta laureatus by Pope Paul III.
* December 13 – John Standish's religious work A lytle treatyse is printed by Elisabeth Pickering, the first work known to be printed in London by a woman.
* unknown dates
** The first known book from the first printing press in North America, set up in Mexico City, is published, Manual de Adultos.
** Sir David Lyndsay's Middle Scots satirical morality play A Satire of the Three Estates is given a private first performance.
** Lazare de Baif travels with Pierre de Ronsard to Alsace, where they meet northern humanists.

## New books
### Prose

* Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo – Amadis de Gaula Book 1 (translated into French by Nicolas de Herberay des Essarts at request of Francis I of France)
* Hector Boece – Historia Scotorum (translated into Middle Scots by John Bellenden at request of James V of Scotland)
* Rösslin – The Byrth of Mankynde (De partu hominis, translation attributed to Richard Jonas)
* Georg Joachim Rheticus – De libris revolutionum Copernici narratio prima (abstract of Copernicus' De revolutionibus orbium coelestium)

### Poetry

* Tontada Siddhesavara – Shatsthala Jnanamrita
* Souterliedekens (Dutch metrical psalter dedicated to and perhaps compiled by Willem van Zuylen van Nijevelt)
Approximate year
* Sir Thomas More – Lady Fortune
* Girolamo Schola – Capituli di M. Girolamo Schola sopra varii suggetti

## Births

* January 26 – Florent Chrestien, French satirist and Latin poet (died 1596)
* June 11 – Barnabe Googe, English pastoral poet and translator (died 1594)
* unknown dates
** Pierre de Bourdeille, seigneur de Brantôme, French soldier, historian and poet (died 1614)
** Rhys Cain, Welsh-language poet (died 1614)
** Frei Agostinho da Cruz (brother of Diogo Bernardes), Portuguese poet (died 1619)

## Deaths

* May 6 – Juan Luis Vives, Spanish humanist polymath (born 1493) This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Vives, Juan Luis". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
* May 22 – Francesco Guicciardini, Italian historian and statesman (born 1483)
* October 5 – Helius Eobanus Hessus, German Latin poet (born 1488)
* October – Robert Redman, London printer