OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1858 Hietsu earthquake

The Hietsu earthquake (飛越地震, Hietsu jishin) was a doublet earthquake that took place on April 9, 1858 (according to the old Japanese calendar, the 26th day of the second month of Ansei 5). It most likely occurred on the Atotsugawa and Miboro faults, which connect the Amō Pass in Gifu Prefecture (in the part that was called Hida Province) and Mount Tate in Toyama Prefecture (then known as Etchū Province) on the island of Honshū in Japan. Its name includes one kanji from Hida (飛騨国) and one from Etchū (越中国). The earthquakes are estimated to have killed 200–300 people. It also caused the Mount Tonbiyama landslide and blocked the upper reaches of the Jōganji River.
# Ash (disambiguation)

Ash is the solid remains of fire.
Ash may also refer to:

## Trees and shrubs

* Fraxinus, the ash trees, a genus of flowering plants in the olive and lilac family
* Several species but not all in the genus Flindersia
* Mountain ash, a name used for several trees, none of immediate relation
* Zanthoxylum (Prickly ash), genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees and shrubs in the citrus or rue family, Rutaceae

## Language

* Æ (or ash), an Old English letter
* Tequiraca language, spoken in Peru (ISO 693-3: ash)

## Literature

* Ash (novel), a 2009 LGBTQ young adult novel by Malinda Lo
* Ash, novel by James Herbert
* Ash: A Secret History, a 2000 fantasy novel by Mary Gentle
* Ash (comics), a comic series about a superhero firefighter

## Music

* Ash (band), a rock band from Northern Ireland
* Ash (ballet), by Peter Martins (1991)
* Ash (album), a 2017 album by French-Cuban R&B duo Ibeyi, also a track on the album
* "Ash", a 2008 Italo disco song by Tiziana Rivale

## People

* Ash (name), a list of people and fictional characters so named
* Ash (artist) (born 1968), French graffiti artist
* Oisc of Kent (or Æsc; died 512), semi-legendary King of Kent

## Places
### Canada

* Ash Mountain (British Columbia)

### England

* Ash, now generally known as Salway Ash, in the parish of Netherbury, Dorset
* Ash (near Stourpaine), Dorset
* Ash, Braunton, a historic estate listed in the Domesday Book
* Ash, Derbyshire
* Ash, Devon
* Ash, Dover, Kent
* Ash, Musbury, a historic estate
* Ash, Oxfordshire
* Ash, Sevenoaks, Kent
* Ash, South Somerset
* Ash (near Taunton), Somerset
* Ash, Surrey
* Ash Vale, a village in Ash parish, Surrey

### United States

* Ash, Missouri, an unincorporated community in Monroe County
* Ash, North Carolina, Brunswick County
* Ash, Oregon, Douglas County
* Ash, Texas, an unincorporated community
* Ash, West Virginia, an unincorporated community
* Ash Mountain (Montana)
* Ash Township, Michigan, in Monroe County
* Ash Township, Barry County, Missouri

## Science and technology

* Ash (analytical chemistry)
* AA-5 Ash, NATO name for the Soviet Bisnovat R-4 missile
* Almquist shell, a command-line interface for computers
* a.s.h, Usenet newsgroup alt.suicide.holiday

## Other uses

* Āsh, a Persian dish
* Ash (deity), the ancient Egyptian god of oases
* Ash (2019 film), a 2019 drama about forest fires
* Ash (2025 film), an upcoming science fiction film
# Alain Vigneron

Alain Vigneron (born 1 September 1954) is a former French racing cyclist. He rode in ten Grand Tours between 1980 and 1986.
# Siege of Yoshida Castle

The 1575 siege of Yoshida Castle was undertaken by Takeda Katsuyori against the forces of Tokugawa Ieyasu during the Sengoku Period of Japanese history. This would be one of many battles fought by the Tokugawa and Takeda samurai clans during Japan's Sengoku period (1467-1603).

## Background

The siege was part of Takeda Katsuyori's raid through Mikawa province; Yoshida Castle lay on the site of what is now part of Toyohashi city in Aichi Prefecture.

## Forces

Sakai Tadatsugu commanded the castle's garrison in service of Tokugawa Ieyasu. Though the garrison normally numbered 1,000 men, Ieyasu anticipated the attack and reinforced Sakai's forces with 5,000 more warriors.

## Siege

The battle consisted almost exclusively of spear combat outside the castle walls. Takeda Katsuyori soon became frustrated, and realized that Sakai had no intention of sending the remainder of his force out of the gates for a full-blown battle. Takeda withdrew and turned towards Nagashino, which would prove to be the decisive end for him and his clan.
# Amy Truesdale

Amy Truesdale (born 20 January 1989) is a British para taekwondo practitioner who won a gold medal at the 2024 Summer Paralympics.

## Career

Truesdale was born without a left hand or forearm. She has been a competitor in Para Taekwondo since 2009.
She won gold at the 2014 and 2017 Para Taekwondo World Championships and bronze in the women's +58 kg event at the delayed 2020 Summer Paralympics in Tokyo, Japan.
Truesdale won gold at the 2024 Summer Paralympics in Paris, France, defeating Uzbekistan's Guljonoy Naimova in the final of the K44 +65 kg category.
# Monarch School, Montana

Monarch School was a year round, co-ed therapeutic boarding school located in Heron, Montana. It closed in September 2017, with its owners citing unsustainable student enrollment as the primary reason.

## History

Monarch School, INC was incorporated in Idaho by founder Patrick McKenna in September 2000. According to the mission statement, "The Monarch School exists to provide young adults with the foundation of knowledge and self-awareness to achieve their dreams as healthy human beings".
As the school did not have an official campus when it opened, McKenna ran the school out of his Sandpoint home. In late 2001, students moved from the Mckenna residence onto the Monarch campus in Heron, Montana. The campus comprised several small dormitories in separate houses, classroom buildings, and arts center, a theater building, administrative and dining facility, horse barn and riding hall, chicken coop, greenhouse, and extensive grounds. The curriculum was divided into periods of academic studies, practical skills development (cooking, forestry, gardening, animal care, etc.), chores, and recreation. Personal electronics were not allowed, although students used computers for some of their academic work. Face to face interaction, reading, and physical activity were encouraged instead.
In 2014, a student tried to commit suicide. The Monarch School has been accused of abuse and neglect by former students, including Paris Hilton, and is considered to be reflective of the troubled teen industry. A TrueAnon series on the history of Synanon recounted Brace Belden's experiences at the Monarch School and described Patrick McKenna as a disciple of Synanon, with the school mimicking CEDU's practices. After its closure, the school also settled lawsuits from parents that claimed malpractice, fraud, and breach of contract.

### Admissions

Monarch School offered year-round enrollment, and cost of tuition was a "flat monthly tuition rate of $7000." Partial financial aid was granted in many cases.

## Notable Alumni

Brace Belden
# Zuo Caiyun

Zuo Caiyun (born 7 February 1996) is a Chinese para-athlete specializing in javelin throw. She represented China at the 2024 Summer Paralympics.

## Career

She represented China at the 2024 World Para Athletics Championships and won a silver medal in the javelin throw F34. As a result, she qualified for the 2024 Summer Paralympics. At the 2024 Summer Paralympics she won a silver medal in the javelin throw F34 event.
# South Creake

South Creake is a village and civil parish in north west Norfolk, England. The village lies 1+1⁄2 miles (2.4 km) south of its twin village of North Creake, and some 5 miles (8 km) north-west of the town of Fakenham.
South Creake lies on the River Burn, which flows through the centre of the village. On a hill above the village can be found the Bloodgate Hill Iron Age Fort.
The civil parish has an area of 7.79 square miles (20.2 km$^2$) and in the 2001 census had a population of 536 in 245 households, reducing to a population of 516 at the 2011 census. For the purposes of local government, the parish falls within the district of King's Lynn and West Norfolk.
St Mary's, the Church of England parish church, is a Grade I listed building.
# Jessica Iwanson

Jessica Iwanson, (born 21 April 1948 in Stockholm, Sweden) is a choreographer and artistic director of Iwanson International School of Contemporary Dance in Munich, Germany.
Since 1974, Jessica Iwanson has lived in Munich, where for more than 30 years she strongly influenced the history of contemporary dance. 2001, she was awarded the medal 'München leuchtet' by the City of Munich for her lifework. Jessica Iwanson is one of the founders of the Choreographic Association of Munich (1987) and the Bavarian Association of Contemporary Dance (1997).
Iwanson was brought up in Stockholm, Sweden where she studied at the Stockholm Ballet Academy and met teachers/choreographers like Birgit Cullberg, Kathrine Dunham, Walter Nicks, Warren Spears, and Alvin Ailey. 1966/67 she spent 1 year studying at the Martha Graham School in New York where she, among other company dancers, still had Martha Graham personally as a teacher. Further studies at the Alvin Ailey School brought her to teachers like Denise Jefferson and Milton Meyers.
Besides the work with her own company, Iwanson choreographed at numerous state theatres in Scandinavia, was artistic director at 'Riksteatern' in Sweden and director at 'Carte Blanche' the contemporary dance company of Norway (91/92). Best known internationally is her TV-dance-drama 'Nightbirds' (1997), influenced by paintings of Edward Hopper and broadcast in a great number of countries.
In 2007 Iwanson, together with her husband Stefan Sixt, started Germany's first foundation for contemporary dance, 'Iwanson-Sixt-Stiftung zeitgenössischer Tanz'. Among others, Ismael Ivo, artistic director of the dance section of the Biennale Venice, is a member of the board. The foundation offers rehearsal space for young choreographers and once a year awards the 'Isadora-Prize' to personalities for their merits within contemporary dance.
# 1932 Hamburg state election

The 1932 Hamburg state election was held on 24 April 1932 to elect the 160 members of the Hamburg Parliament.

## Results

| Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
| Nazi Party | 233,750 | 31.2 | 51 | +8 |
| Social Democratic Party of Germany | 226,242 | 30.2 | 49 | +3 |
| Communist Party of Germany | 119,481 | 16.0 | 26 | –9 |
| German State Party | 84,146 | 11.2 | 18 | +4 |
| German National People's Party | 32,356 | 4.3 | 7 | –2 |
| German People's Party | 23,807 | 3.2 | 5 | –2 |
| Centre Party | 10,023 | 1.3 | 2 | 0 |
| Christian Social People's Service | 7,725 | 1.0 | 1 | –1 |
| Reich Party of the German Middle Class | 4,880 | 0.7 | 1 | –1 |
| Sozialistische Arbeiterpartei | 2,302 | 0.3 | 0 | New |
| Volkskonservative Vereinigung Hamburg | 1,357 | 0.2 | 0 | New |
| Die Erwerbslosen | 1,249 | 0.2 | 0 | New |
| Menschheitspartei | 521 | 0.1 | 0 | New |
| Nationale Freiheitspartei Deutschlands | 503 | 0.1 | 0 | New |
| Freisinnige Partei Deutschlands | 96 | 0.0 | 0 | New |
| Invalid/blank votes | 5,633 | – | – | – |
| Total | 754,071 | 100 | 160 | 0 |
| Registered voters/turnout | 936,441 | 80.5 | – | – |
| Source: Elections in the Weimar Republic |||||
# Voghera train crash

The Voghera train crash is considered one of the most serious incidents in the history of the Italian railways. It happened at track three of Voghera railway station, on the night of 31 May 1962. Sixty-four people lost their lives, and 40 were seriously injured.

## History

At 2.35 on 31 May 1962, freight train №. 8151, from Milan, hauled by an E626 class electric locomotive, entered Voghera station at high speed, against protection signals set to 'danger'. It then collided with the rear of passenger train №. 1391, which was stationary on Track 3, and about to depart for Genoa.
The locomotive of train 8151 became wedged in the last carriage of train 1391, killing 60 people instantly and injuring over 40, four of whom later died in hospital. All of the victims were in the last carriage. They were mostly holidaymakers bound for the Ligurian Riviera.

## Investigations

Examination of the wheel speed sensor date from the locomotive at the head of train 8151 revealed that the train appeared to have been travelling at between 70 km/h (43 mph) and 75 km/h (47 mph) all the way from Milan Rogoredo, except for a brief slowdown near Pavia. The train's speed had not diminished even upon arrival at Voghera, except during the nine seconds immediately before the collision, when it had fallen sharply from 72 km/h (45 mph) to about 60 km/h (37 mph).
This speed was not in any way acceptable, regardless of the danger setting displayed by the signal, given that the train was due to stop at the station for a change of traction. At that time, the Milan–Voghera was energised with DC electric current, and the Voghera–Genoa section with three-phase AC current, imposing a requirement for a change of locomotive at Voghera.
The train braking on train 8151 had been activated only about 170 m (558 ft) from the rear of the train 1391. Given the characteristics of the brake, and its time of entry into operation, it can be assumed that it was activated in response to stop signals given by hand by station staff, as in fact was admitted by the driver.

## Commemorations

On 31 May 2002, the 40th anniversary of the accident, a marble commemorative plaque was placed on a wall of Voghera railway main station (facing platform 1 near the newsstand). The plaque bears the following inscription: "The distressing horror of the time of trouble lives again today and will live forever in the memory and silence of all Vogherese. 31 May 1962 - 31 May 2002." The ceremony was attended by representatives of local authorities.
# Roberto Sponza

Roberto Sponza (born 20 August 1951 in Trieste, Italy) is an Italian yacht racer who competed in the 1976 Summer Olympics.
# Németh

Németh (Hungarian: ) is a Hungarian surname. In Hungarian, német means "German" (it is a variation of the word "néma", meaning "does not speak"; often used to describe the condition of being "mute". In this context, the German-speaking person "does not speak" the local language of Hungarian, or alternatively/previously/simultaneously, Slavic, as the word is thought to derive from a Slavic language); the h is a remnant of obsolete Hungarian spelling, as frequently found in names, especially in families of noble origin. Alternate spellings include "Nemeth", "Neimeth", "Német", "Nemath", "Namath", "Nameth", "Nemet" and "Nimitz". Notable people with the name or its variants include:

## People
### Németh

* Angéla Németh (1946–2014), Hungarian track and field athlete
* Dániel Németh (photographer) (born 1975), Hungarian photographer
* Gyula Németh (1890–1976), Hungarian linguist
* Gyula Németh (1959–2023), Hungarian athlete
* Helga Németh (born 1973), Hungarian handball player
* Imre Németh (1917–1989), Hungarian athlete, mainly hammer throw
* János Németh (1906–1988), Hungarian water polo player
* John Németh (born 1975), American blues and soul harmonicist, singer, and songwriter
* Károly Németh (disambiguation), several people
* Krisztián Németh (born 1989), Hungarian football player
* László Németh (1901–1975), Hungarian writer
* Miklós Németh (born 1948), Hungarian politician
* Miklós Németh (sportsman) (born 1946), Hungarian Olympic javelin throw
* Noémi Németh (born 1986), Hungarian hammer thrower
* Pál Németh (1937–2009) Hungarian athlete and coach for hammer throw, father of Zsolt Németh
* Roland Németh (born 1974), Hungarian runner
* Sándor Németh (1925–1993), Hungarian swimmer
* Szilárd Németh (born 1977), ethnic Hungarian professional Slovak footballer
* Virág Németh (born 1985), Hungarian professional tennis player
* Zsolt Németh (born 1971), Hungarian hammer thrower, son of Pál Németh
* Zsuzsanna Németh (born 1953), Hungarian politician

### Német

* László Német (born 1956), Roman Catholic Archbishop of Belgrade

### Nemeth

* Abraham Nemeth (1918–2013), American mathematician and inventor
* David Nemeth (born 2001), Austrian football player
* Evi Nemeth (1940–2013), American engineer, author and teacher
* Nick Nemeth (born 1980), American professional wrestler better known as Dolph Ziggler
* Ryan Nemeth (born 1985), American professional wrestler (brother of Nick)
* Patrik Nemeth (born 1992) Swedish professional ice hockey player
* Steve Nemeth (born 1967), Canadian ice hockey player
* Steve Nemeth (gridiron football) (1922–1998), American player of gridiron football
* Christopher Nemeth (1959–2010), British fashion designer

### Namath

* Joe Namath (born 1943), American football quarterback

### Nemet

* Istvan Nemet (1942–2015), New Zealand association footballer
* Klaus-Peter Nemet (born 1953), German football coach
* Marina Nemet (1960–2010), Croatian actress

### Nimitz

* Chester W. Nimitz (1885–1966), US Navy admiral and namesake of the USS Nimitz
# Marigné

Marigné (French pronunciation: ) is a former commune in the Maine-et-Loire department in western France. On 15 December 2016, it was merged into the new commune Les Hauts-d'Anjou.
# 2017 Sukma attack

The Sukma attack was an ambush carried out by the Communist Party of India (Maoist) against Indian paramilitary forces on 24 April 2017, during the Naxalite-Maoist insurgency. It was the largest ambush since a similar attack in 2010, in the neighbouring district of Dantewada.
The ambush took place between Burkapal and Chintagufa in Sukma district of Chhattisgarh, India. A group of 300 Maoists attacked a 99-member troop of the Central Reserve Police Force. Three Maoists and 25 police personnel were killed in the ensuing firefight.
# Karoulia

Karoulia (Greek: Καρούλια, lit. 'pulley') is an Eastern Orthodox skete of the community of Mount Athos that is subordinate to the Great Lavra. It is located on the southernmost shore of Mount Athos.
Karoulia has 12 huts built in the 17th century. About 10 monks live in Karoulia.

## Description

The monks at Karoulia practice hesychasm and asceticism. Their dwellings are caves or small huts that cling to the side of the mountain, at 100–500 m above the sea. Access is only possible by ladder or rope. The monks pray there alone or sometimes with a few people while contemplating the sea and the landscape. Vegetarian monks (Greek: βοσκοί) who ate only plants and herbs once lived at Karoulia.
Karoulia can be divided into Outer Karoulia, which is the lower part of Karoulia by the seashore, and Inner Karoulia (also nicknamed "Frightful Karoulia"), located in the cliffs.
The port of Karoulia is called Katounakia, from which there is a ferry to Dafni.

## Notable people

* Nikon of Karoulia, a Russian hermit who lived at St. George's, Karoulia from 1941 to 1963
# Broniszewo, Koło County

Broniszewo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przedecz, within Koło County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) north of Przedecz, 29 km (18 mi) north-east of Koło, and 139 km (86 mi) east of the regional capital Poznań.
# Gavelkind in Ireland

Under Brehon law, gavelkind, a form of partible inheritance, was the system of land inheritance. The Normans called the Irish inheritance law the name gavelkind because of its apparent similarity to Jute inheritance in Kent.

## The law

Upon the death of a landholder, his land was divided equally among his sons. The sons of concubines, if accepted by the father as being his sons, had the same rights of inheritance as their legitimately-born brothers. The adopted sons of the landholder, if any, could also receive a share of his lands only if the landholder had made specific and public provision before his death, and the extent of land thus received by an adopted son was not necessarily equal to that received by the landholder's own sons.
While sons received equal shares of the land, the father often prescribed the division by stating which parcel of land was to go to which son. Another known custom was for the youngest son to divide the land into equal parts and for his brothers to choose their parcels. The eldest chose first, followed by the second and so on until the youngest had received the remaining land.
The purpose of the system was to ensure equitable division of the land.
If a land-holder had no sons, his widow and unwed daughters, if any, would collectively hold a life interest on the entire land. Their rights on the produce of the land would lapse upon their marriage or death, as the case may be. Upon the last such lapse of usufruct, the land would devolve upon the agnatic kin of the last male landholder.

## Queen Anne's law

In 1703, in the reign of Queen Anne, a law was enacted (2 Anne c. 6 (I)) by the Irish parliament, which is commonly known as the Gavelkind Act. The law made sectarian affiliation a primary determinant of the inheritance of land. When a Catholic died, his estate would normally be divided equally among his sons. However, an eldest son who converted to the Protestant faith would inherit all of the land alone, and all of his Catholic brothers would be disinherited. The law was intended to put land into the hands of Protestants and to reduce the size and therefore the influence of Catholic landed estates.
# Jayson Vélez

Jayson Vélez Jiménez (born March 9, 1988) is a Puerto Rican professional boxer who challenged for the IBF featherweight title in 2014.

## Professional career
### WBC Silver Featherweight Championship

Velez beat Salvador Sánchez II for the vacant WBC Silver Featherweight Championship.

## Professional boxing record

| 38 fights | 29 wins | 8 losses |
| By knockout | 21 | 2 |
| By decision | 8 | 6 |
| Draws | 1 | 1 |
| No. | Result | Record | Opponent | Type | Round, time | Date | Location | Notes |
| 38 | Loss | 29–8–1 | Gabriel Flores Jr. | TKO | 6 (10), 1:47 | Feb 20, 2021 | MGM Grand, Paradise, Nevada, U.S. | |
| 37 | Loss | 29–7–1 | Óscar Valdez | TKO | 10 (10), 2:23 | Jul 21, 2020 | MGM Grand, Paradise, Nevada, U.S. | |
| 36 | Loss | 29–6–1 | Jaime Abroleda | SD | 12 | Feb 8, 2020 | PPL Center, Allentown, Pennsylvania, U.S. | |
| 35 | Win | 29–5–1 | Hector Ruben Ambriz Suarez | TKO | 7 (10) | Jul 27, 2019 | Royal Farms Arena, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S. | |
| 34 | Win | 28–5–1 | Victor Terrazas | TKO | 4 (10) | Mar 16, 2019 | Coliseo Rafael G Amalbert, Juncos, Puerto Rico | |
| 33 | Win | 27–5–1 | Orlando Cruz | KO | 2 (10) | Sep 22, 2018 | Coliseo Rafael G Amalbert, Juncos, Puerto Rico | |
| 32 | Loss | 26–5–1 | Ryan Garcia | UD | 10 | May 4, 2018 | StubHub Center, Carson, California, U.S. | |
| 31 | Win | 26–4–1 | Juan Manuel López | TKO | 12 (12), 1:54 | Mar 3, 2018 | Coliseo Mario Quijote Morales, Guaynabo, Puerto Rico | |
| 30 | Win | 25–4–1 | Giovanni Caro | KO | 5 (8), 1:53 | Jul 8, 2017 | Palacio de los Deportes, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico | |
| 29 | Win | 24–4–1 | Alberto Mercado | UD | 10 | Mar 4, 2017 | Coliseo Fernando Hernández, Gurabo, Puerto Rico | |
| 28 | Loss | 23–4–1 | Alfredo Santiago | MD | 10 | Dec 10, 2016 | Coliseo Cosme Beitia Salamo, Cataño, Puerto Rico | |
| 27 | Loss | 23–3–1 | Rene Alvarado | SD | 10 | Jul 15, 2016 | Fantasy Springs Resort Casino, Indio, California, U.S. | |
| 26 | Loss | 23–2–1 | Joseph Diaz | UD | 10 | Mar 26, 2016 | Oracle Arena, Oakland, California, U.S. | |
| 25 | Loss | 23–1–1 | Ronny Rios | UD | 10 | Nov 21, 2015 | Mandalay Bay Events Center Paradise, Nevada, U.S. | |
| 24 | Win | 23–0–1 | Daniel Ramirez | UD | 10 | Jun 4, 2015 | Belasco Theatre, Los Angeles, California, U.S. | |
| 23 | Draw | 22–0–1 | Evgeny Gradovich | SD | 12 | Nov 29, 2014 | CenturyLink Center, Omaha, Nebraska, U.S. | For IBF featherweight title |
# KXCM

KXCM (96.3 FM) is a radio station licensed to Joshua Tree, California. The station broadcasts a country music format and is owned by Copper Mountain Broadcasting Company.