OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jon Butler

Jon Butler (born June 4, 1940) is a historian and Howard R. Lamar Professor Emeritus of American Studies, History, and Religious Studies at Yale University. He earned his bachelor's and doctoral degrees from the University of Minnesota, and is known for his research on the role of religion in early American history. At Yale, he served as chair of the American Studies Program from 1988 to 1993, the director of the Division of the Humanities from 1997 to 1999, and chair of the Department of History from 1999 to 2004. He was dean of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences from 2004 to 2010, and also served as interim University Librarian.
Butler has earned numerous awards, including the Beveridge Award of the American Historical Association, the Outler Prize of the American Society of Church History, the Theodore Saloutos Prize of the Immigration History Society, and the Gilbert Chinard Prize of the Society for French Historical Studies. He was also a Guggenheim Fellow and received an honorary Doctor of Science from the University of Minnesota in December 2006. Butler served as president of the Organization of American Historians, 2015–16. He is currently an adjunct research professor at the University of Minnesota College of Liberal Arts, in the Department of History.
# Ahmad Sedik

Ahmad Seddik Abdelhamid Mahdy (Arabic: أَحْمَد صِدِّيق عَبْد الْحَمِيد مَهْدِيّ; born August 16, 1983) is an Egyptian footballer. He is a very fast retired midfielder. He is a strong shooter.
He is not a regular in Al Ahly, but he took his advantage against Algerian JS Kabylie in his first African match, and displayed his evident class with a beautifully judged first-half free kick that represented his first goal for the club. Then, his shot just before half-time hit the upright but fell perfectly for Osama Hosny to make sure of the 2–0 triumph. This triumph was in the absence of injury victims Mohamed Aboutreika and Mohamed Barakat. This match writes the first line in Sedik's history, as it helped Al Ahly to retain its title and win CAF Champions League 2006. "1"

## Honours

Al-Ahly
* Bronze Medalist at FIFA Club World Cup 2006.
* Winner of African Super Cup (2007).
* Winner of African Super Cup (2009).
* Winner of CAF Champions League 2006.
* Winner of CAF Champions League 2008.
* Winner of Egyptian League (2006–2007).
* Winner of Egyptian League (2007–2008).
* Winner of Egyptian League (2008–2009).
* Winner of Egyptian Super Cup (2006).
* Winner of Egyptian Soccer Cup (2007).
* Winner of Egyptian Super Cup (2008).
# Samuel Justo

Samuel Loureiro Carvalho Justo (born 2 April 2004) is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Primeira Liga club Farense on loan from Sporting CP B.

## Club career

Born in Amadora, Justo began his career at the Sport Túlias de Alcoitão, before joining the academy of professional side Sporting CP at the age of nine, in 2013. He signed his first professional contract in October 2020, and renewed this deal in August 2022, being assigned to the club's B team.
In August 2023 he was loaned to Primeira Liga side Casa Pia.
On 23 January 2025, Justo moved on loan to Farense in Primeira Liga.

## International career

Justo has represented Portugal at youth international level.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of 11 November 2023
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National Cup | National Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Sporting CP B | 2022–23 | Liga 3 | 22 | 3 | – | – | – | – | 0 | 0 | 22 | 3 |
| Sporting CP B | 2023–24 | Liga 3 | 3 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| Sporting CP B | Total | Total | 25 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 3 |
| Casa Pia (loan) | 2023–24 | Primeira Liga | 7 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 32 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 35 | 3 |

#### Notes

* ↑ Appearances in the Taça de Portugal
* ↑ Appearances in the Taça da Liga
# Giéville

Giéville (French pronunciation:) is a former commune in the Manche department in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Torigny-les-Villes. The commune has a population of 689 people (2022).
# Eun-young

Eun-young, also spelled Eun-yeong is a Korean feminine given name. The meaning differs based on the hanja used to write each syllable of the name. There are 26 hanja with the reading "eun" and 34 hanja with the reading "young" on the South Korean government's official list of hanja which may be used in personal names. It was the eighth-most popular name for baby girls born in South Korea in 1980.
People with this name include:

## Sportspeople

* Nam Eun-young (born 1970), South Korean team handball player
* Cho Eun-young (born 1972), South Korean sport shooter
* Lee Eun-young (field hockey) (born 1974), South Korean field hockey player
* Lee Eun-young (taekwondo) (fl. 1987–1989), South Korean taekwondo athlete

## Entertainers

* WoongSan (born Kim Eun-young, 1973), South Korean jazz musician
* Cheetah (rapper) (born Kim Eun-young, 1990), South Korean rapper
* Ben (South Korean singer) (born Lee Eun-young, 1991), South Korean singer

## Other

* Choi Eun-young (born 1984), South Korean writer

## Fictional characters

* Eun-yeong, lead character of the 2008 South Korean film Beautiful
* Ahn Eun-young, titular character of the 2020 South Korean drama The School Nurse Files
* Eun-yeoung Baek, secondary main character of the manhwa No Home
# Nikare

Nikare (also Nikare I; died c. 2186 BC) may have been an ancient Egyptian king of the Eighth Dynasty during the early First Intermediate Period (2181–2055 BC), at a time when Egypt was possibly divided between several polities. According to the Egyptologists Kim Ryholt, Jürgen Beckerath, and Darrell Baker, he was the ninth king of the Eighth Dynasty. As such, Nikare's seat of power would have been Memphis.

## Attestations

Nikare is only known for certain thanks to the Abydos King List, a king list redacted during the reign of Seti I, where his name appears on the 48th entry. Nikare may also have been mentioned on the Turin canon but his name and duration of reign are lost to a large lacuna affecting kings 2 through 11 of the Eighth Dynasty.

## Artefacts

According to the Egyptologist Peter Kaplony, a single faience cylinder-seal may possibly bear Nikare's name, and could thus be the only contemporary attestation of this king.
A gold plaque, now in the British Museum, is inscribed with his name along with that of Neferkamin; however, it is now believed that this object is a modern forgery.
# 1995 Timor earthquake

An earthquake measuring 6.9 on the moment magnitude scale struck between Flores and Timor on 14 May 1995. The shock centered in the Ombai Strait was associated with coastal subsidence and a tsunami on Timor. A 4 m (13 ft) wave inundated up to 120 m (390 ft) inland and left 19 people injured and 11 missing. At Dili, a 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) tsunami destroyed homes and damaged 40 boats. Significant damage was also reported in Maliana and Maubara while landslides affected the epicenter region. Subsidence was observed from Dili to Maboura; subsidence at Marinir may have been responsible for the 4 m (13 ft) tsunami run-up. Furthermore, a submarine landslide or one occurring near the sea may have caused the tsunami. There were no eyewitness account of the tsunami waves following the earthquake.
# April 2022 Kharkiv cluster bombing

vteRussian invasion of Ukraine :
Timeline
February – April 2022
April – August 2022
August – November 2022
November 2022 – June 2023
June – August 2023
September – November 2023
December 2023 – March 2024
April – July 2024
August – December 2024
January 2025 – present
Prelude
Casualties
Territorial control
map
List of engagements
War crimes
Attacks on civilians
Economic impact
Peace negotiations
Collaboration with Russia
Russian emigration
Nuclear risk
Humanitarian impacts
Russian annexation
Treatment of prisoners of war :
On 15 April 2022, a series of rocket strikes by the Russian Armed Forces killed 9 civilians and wounded 35 more during the battle of Kharkiv, part of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The Russian Army used 9N210/9N235 cluster munition in the attack. Due to the indiscriminate nature of these weapons when used in densely populated areas, Amnesty International described these strikes as a possible war crime.

## Attack

On 15 April 2022 in the afternoon hours, during the battle of Kharkiv, the Russian Army fired 9N210/9N235 cluster bombs into the Industrialnyi District, striking a residential area and a playground on Myru Street. People walking outside fell to the ground to shield themselves from the explosions. Nine civilians died and 35 were injured, including children. The local hospital received wounded people with pieces of steel rod and shrapnel in their limbs. A couple walking through the playground with their 4-year-old daughter when the munitions hit, resulting in the mother being killed when shrapnel ripped through her lungs, spine and abdomen. Another 16-year-old boy died, with the munition leaving a 1-centimetre-wide hole in his chest. On Haribaldi Street, two elderly women died at the entrance of their building. The cluster bombs detonated over an area of 700 square metres.

## Investigations

Amnesty International found evidence of Russian forces repeatedly using 9N210/9N235 cluster munitions as well as scatterable mines, both of which are subject to international treaty bans – Convention on Cluster Munitions and Ottawa Treaty. Amnesty International concluded that these indiscriminate attacks, resulting in civilian deaths, are war crimes.
# Saifa

Saifa (kanji:砕破, katakana:サイファ) is a kaishugata (kata) of Gōjū-ryū karate. According to the International Okinawan Goju-Ryu Karate-Do Federation, this kata is taught third, after Gekisai Dai Ichi and Gekisai Dai Ni, and preceding the heishugata Sanchin. It is likewise taught third in the Meibukan tradition. The name is variously translated as "rip and tear", "pound and pulverize", or "tearing and breaking ground". This name might refer to the striking techniques which prioritize closed fist strikes such as back fist or hammer fist strikes, as well as simple grabbing techniques. The origins and creator of this kata are unknown, but it has been speculated that it may have originated in Chinese styles studied by Higaonna Kanryō, who was the teacher of Miyagi Chojun, the founder of Gōjū-ryū karate. However, Tōon-ryū, the style founded by another of Higaonna's students, Kyoda Juhatsu, does not contain Saifa, leading other sources to speculate that it may have been developed by Miyagi Chojun himself. Saifa is also practiced by Shito-Ryu, founded by another of Higaonna’s students, Kenwa Mabuni, and in Kyokushin karate.
# China Media Group

China Media Group (Chinese: 中央广播电视总台; lit. 'Central Radio and Television General Station') also known as Voice of China, is the predominant state media company by means of radio and television broadcasting in the People's Republic of China. It was founded on 21 March 2018, as a fusion of all state-holding media enterprises including China Central Television, China National Radio, and China Radio International.
China Media Group is under the direct control of the Central Propaganda Department of the Chinese Communist Party. As such, the Media and Journalism Research Center evaluated the China Media Group to be "State Controlled Media" under its State Media Matrix in September 2024.

## History

On 21 March 2018, the Government of the People's Republic of China announced that China Central Television, China National Radio, and China Radio International were to be unified to become the China Media Group after the first session of the 13th National People's Congress. That same day, Shen Haixiong, was officially named President of China Media Group.
During the 2018 party and government reform in China, CMG was created to serve as a unified holding company of the People's Republic's national and international radio and television broadcasting services.
In 2020, several of CMG's assets, particularly China Global Television Network and China Radio International, were designated as foreign missions by the United States Department of State.

## Broadcast scope

China Global Television Network and China Radio International broadcast in more than 40 languages.

## List of presidents

| No. | Name | Took office | Left office | Notes |
| 1 | Shen Haixiong | 21 March 2018 | Incumbent | |
# Subzero (horse)

Subzero, nicknamed "Subbie" (26 September 1988 – 29 August 2020), was an Australian thoroughbred racehorse that won the 1992 Melbourne Cup.

## Life and career

Subzero was foaled in Australia. Trained by Lee Freedman and ridden by veteran jockey Greg Hall, the four-year-old revelled in the rain-affected going in the 1992 Melbourne Cup to defeat the favourite, Veandercross, and the two-miler Castletown. The win was to be Subzero's last, but his fame was assured as one of the few grey winners of the race in the post-war era. In May 1992, Greg Hall rode him to victory in the Adelaide Cup.
Upon retirement from racing, Subzero was employed as the clerk of the course's horse by Racing Victoria's long-time clerk, Graham Salisbury, and made numerous television appearances at charity functions and schools. In July 2008, he was fully retired as he had developed arthritis.
In October 2009, it was reported that Subzero might need to be put down as the medication he needed for his arthritis became unavailable in Australia. Subsequently, the medication was sourced from the United States, and Subzero continued appearing in public. In his retirement, he was gentle-natured, very patient with children, and remained with Graham Salisbury until Salisbury's death in June 2020.
On 29 August 2020, he was euthanized at the Bendigo Equine Hospital due to the onset of heart failure. He was 31.
# Benjamin Cowie

Benjamin Morgan Cowie was Dean of Manchester and then Exeter, both in England, in the last quarter of the 19th century.
Born on 8 June 1816, he was educated at St John's College, Cambridge and graduated Senior Wrangler in 1839. Ordained in 1841 he was successively Tutor, Lecturer and Fellow at his old college. Afterwards he was Vicar of St Lawrence Jewry followed by an 11-year spell in Manchester, followed by a further 17 at Exeter. He died on 3 May 1900.
# Symphony No. 2 (Haydn)

Joseph Haydn's Symphony No. 2 in C major, Hoboken I/2, is believed to have been written between 1757 and 1761.
It is scored for 2 oboes, bassoon, 2 horns, strings and continuo. Like many of the earliest symphonies by Haydn and others of the time, it is in three movements:
* Allegro, $^2$ $_2$
* Andante in G major, $^2$ $_4$
* Presto, $^3$ $_8$
In the second movement, the wind instruments are omitted and the violins play in semiquavers from start to finish (a kind of perpetuum mobile) with the pattern frequently broken by the use of trills. The violas in this slow movement double the bass part throughout at an octave above. (e.g., "col basso," which was common in the period). Also, the first and second violins are the same in the second movement. The last movement is "Haydn's first attempt at a symphonic rondo and is characterized by a preoccupation with imitative processes." It is the only one of Haydn's symphonies that contains no repeat signs. It is also one of his shortest symphonies; performances generally last less than ten minutes.
# Power Struggle (2024)

Power Struggle was a professional wrestling event promoted by New Japan Pro-Wrestling. It took place on November 4, 2024, in Osaka, Osaka, at the Osaka Prefectural Gymnasium. It was the thirteenth event under the Power Struggle chronology.

## Storylines

Power Struggle featured professional wrestling matches that involved different wrestlers from pre-existing scripted feuds and storylines. Wrestlers portrayed villains, heroes, or less distinguishable characters in the scripted events that built tension and culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches.

## Results

| No. | Results | Stipulations | Times |
| 1$^P$ | Ninja Mack, The DKC and Yoh defeated Shoma Kato, Capitan Suicida and Tiger Mask by pinfall | Six-man tag team match | 6:55 |
| 2 | Bullet Club (Gabe Kidd, Clark Connors, Drilla Moloney, Robbie X and Taiji Ishimori) defeated Intergalatic Jet Setters (Kevin Knight and Kushida), Katsuya Murashima, Paris De Silva and Jude London by pinfall | Ten-man tag team match | 6:14 |
| 3 | Los Ingobernables de Japon (Tetsuya Naito, Yota Tsuji, Bushi and Hiromu Takahashi) defeated Dragon Dia, Ryusuke Taguchi, Tomoaki Honma and Toru Yano by submission | Eight-man tag team match | 7:02 |
| 4 | House of Torture (Evil and Ren Narita) defeated Hiroshi Tanahashi and Boltin Oleg by pinfall | Tag team match | 7:26 |
| 5 | Shota Umino defeated Sanada by pinfall | Singles match | 16:41 |
| 6 | United Empire (Great-O-Khan and Henare) defeated TMDK (Mikey Nicholls and Shane Haste) (c) by pinfall | Tag team match for IWGP Tag Team Championship | 11:11 |
| 7 | TMDK (Robbie Eagles and Kosei Fujita) defeated Catch 2/2 (TJP and Francesco Akira) by pinfall | 2024 Super Junior Tag League finals | 15:20 |
| 8 | Douki (c) defeated Master Wato by referee stoppage | Singles match for the IWGP Junior Heavyweight Championship | 22:07 |
| 9 | David Finlay (c) defeated Taichi by pinfall | Singles match for the IWGP Global Heavyweight Championship | 23:22 |
| 10 | Zack Sabre Jr. (c) defeated Shingo Takagi by pinfall | Singles match for the IWGP World Heavyweight Championship | 29:28 |
| (c) – the champion(s) heading into the matchP – the match was broadcast on the pre-show ||||
# Dutch Bergman

Arthur J. "Dutch" Bergman (February 23, 1895 – August 18, 1972) was an American football player and coach. He served as the head football coach at the New Mexico College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, now New Mexico State University, from 1920 to 1922 and at The Catholic University of America from 1930 to 1940, compiling a career college football record of 71–36–5. Bergman was the head coach of the National Football League's Washington Redskins for one season in 1943, tallying a mark of 6–3–1.
During his tenure, the Cardinals went 59–31–4, including a victory in the 1936 Orange Bowl and a tie in the 1940 Sun Bowl. Bergman left the university when the sport was discontinued in 1941 because of World War II, later coaching the Washington Redskins to the 1943 NFL Championship Game, which they lost to the Chicago Bears.
Bergman is still the winningest varsity football coach in Catholic University history and was inducted into their Hall of Fame in 1982.

## Head coaching record
### College football

| Year | Team | Overall | Bowl/playoffs |
| New Mexico A&M Aggies (Independent) (1920–1922) ||||||
| 1920 | New Mexico A&M | 5–1–1 | |
| 1921 | New Mexico A&M | 2–2 | |
| 1922 | New Mexico A&M | 5–2 | |
| New Mexico A&M: | New Mexico A&M: | 12–5–1 | |
| Catholic University Cardinals (Independent) (1930–1940) ||||||
| 1930 | Catholic University | 1–8 | |
| 1931 | Catholic University | 8–1 | |
| 1932 | Catholic University | 6–1–1 | |
| 1933 | Catholic University | 6–3 | |
| 1934 | Catholic University | 4–3–1 | |
| 1935 | Catholic University | 8–1 | W Orange |
| 1936 | Catholic University | 4–4 | |
| 1937 | Catholic University | 5–3 | |
| 1938 | Catholic University | 5–3 | |
| 1939 | Catholic University | 8–1–1 | T Sun |
| 1940 | Catholic University | 4–3–1 | |
| Catholic University: | Catholic University: | 59–31–4 | |
| Total: | Total: | 71–36–5 | |

### NFL

| Team | Year | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Postseason | Postseason | Postseason | Postseason |
| Team | Year | Won | Lost | Ties | Win % | Finish | Won | Lost | Win % | Result |
| WAS | 1943 | 6 | 3 | 1 | .650 | 1st in NFL Eastern | 1 | 1 | .500 | Lost to Chicago Bears in NFL Championship Game |
# EN 15227

EN 15227 is a European standard about the crashworthiness requirements for railway vehicle bodies. It was first resolved in 2008 and it is binding since 2012 for all new vehicles in the European Union.
The required energy absorption modules had major impacts on the headshape design of locomotives and passenger rolling stock. The specification is accompanied by EN 12663 (Structural requirements of railway vehicle bodies) that was updated in 2008 to meet the EN 15227 scenarios.

## Scenarios

The main definitions of EN 15277 look at a number of crash scenarios:
* head impact of similar vehicles at a speed of 36 km/h (22 mph)
* impact on a freight wagon of 80 metric tons (79 long tons; 88 short tons) at a speed of 36 km/h (22 mph)
* impact on a lorry at a grade crossing at a speed of 110 km/h (68 mph)
* impact on a smaller object like a car at a grade crossing.
For each scenario and train class there are minimum requirements on the remaining space in the driver cabin after the crash. Due to the expensive equipment there are no full body crash tests in railway applications. Instead the impact is simulated with finite element analysis and parts of the structure are validated by a real crash test (simulation and test result may not differ more than ten percent).

## Result

Before the time of EN 15277 the head of a locomotive was simply part of the full body of the railway vehicle. This has been replaced by a separately designed cabin that is subsequently integrated with the rest of the vehicle body. The area around the couplers is very different with the required anti-climbing protection buffers and the energy-absorption elements behind them. The rest of the headshape may come in very different designs as they are commonly made from fiberglass or carbon fiber.

### Gallery

* Stadler Flirt traditional design
* … Stadler Flirt 3 with a crash-optimized headshape
* Bombardier Talent traditional design
* … Bombardier Talent 2 with a crash-optimized headshape
* Siemens Desiro Classic traditional design
* … Siemens Desiro ML with a crash-optimized headshape
* Alstom Coradia Continental, series 440 in traditional design
* and newer series 1440 with a crash-optimized headshape

## Regulations

The EN 15227 has been made mandatory by the Technical Specifications for Interoperability (TSI) decisions in 2008 - the 2008/232/CE for high-speed railway and 2008/57/EC for conventional rail. While ongoing projects were allowed to be completed all new procurements had to include the requirement since then.
The comparable standards in the United States are 49CFR238 from the FRA and S-C&S-034-99 from the APTA. In an initial assessment the European standard was considered to be not equivalent and compliance with one standard would not imply compliance with the other standard. However, the required "Crash Energy Management System" of US-origin can be integrated into the EN 15227 cabin resulting in a vehicle that can be shown to be compliant in both areas.