OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lynching of Jay Lynch

The lynching of Jay Lynch, age 28, took place in Lamar, Missouri, on May 28, 1919. That year had 83 lynchings in the United States. This was one of four against white men.

## Jay Lynch

Jay Lynch had a long arrest record. Crimes he was accused of included burglary and robbery. In Oklahoma City he allegedly stole a car, and in Kansas City he allegedly stole $300 ($5,300 in 2025) worth of women's silks. For almost a decade he was in and out of jail and escaped from prison several times. In 1918, he was hired on as a private detective of the Wabash Railroad in St. Louis. While working for the railway he was arrested for robbing a train. Lynch skipped bail on that charge and was later arrested near his sister's house near Lamar.

## Murder

On March 3, 1919, while being held in Lamar in connection with the Wabash Railroad boxcar robbery in St. Louis, Lynch asked to use the jailhouse telephone. When Sheriff John Marion Harlow Jr. of Barton County opened his cell, Lynch fatally shot the sheriff with a gun he had earlier smuggled into the county jail. Harlow's son, Dick Harlow, heard the commotion and ran to save his father, but was also mortally wounded by Lynch and died a few days later. After shooting the sheriff and his son, Lynch fled the state and drove across the country. He was denied entry to Mexico and was arrested again in La Junta, Colorado, on May 13, 1919, and sent back to Missouri.
Lynch pleaded guilty to murder. As there was no death penalty in Missouri, he was sentenced to life in prison.

## Lynching

Fearing violence from the packed courthouse, presiding judge B. G. Thurman had the prisoner taken into his private office after the verdict to say goodbye to Lynch's family. In his office were the judge; Lynch's wife, baby, mother, and sister; and several deputies assigned to guard the prisoner. While Lynch was holding his child, 24 people burst into the office and overpowered the armed guards. The men put a noose around Lynch's neck and dragged him out of the courthouse. The noose's rope was thrown over a tree branch, but when he was strung up, it broke under the weight. Another, sturdier branch was chosen, and Lynch was hanged in front of a cheering crowd.

## Aftermath

The coroner's report listed the cause of Lynch's death as "at the hands of parties unknown". Prosecuting attorney H. W. Timmonds and sheriff W. A. Sewell of Barton County started an investigation into the lynching, but no charges were ever filed as no one was willing to identify the perpetrators.
The State of Missouri had abolished capital punishment in 1917. In large part due to the events surrounding Lynch's lynching, as well as the representative of Barton County, H. C. Chancellor, giving an impassioned speech calling for the death penalty; the punishment was quickly restored for seven crimes: treason, perjury, subornation of perjury, first-degree murder, rape, kidnapping, and train robbery. It was signed into law by Governor Frederick D. Gardner.
# Torrisdale, Argyll

Torrisdale is a small village on the eastern coast of the Kintyre Peninsula of Scotland. The village is along Torrisdale Bay, an inlet of the Kilbrannan Sound. It is the location of Torrisdale Castle, a 19th-century castle that is now a tourist destination.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Robert Chambers and William Chambers. (1844) page 693.
* ↑ Archived 27 January 2010 at the Wayback Machine
# Jair Bernal

Jair Humberto Bernal Sepúlveda (born February 12, 1968, in Tunja, Central Boyacá Province) is a retired male road cyclist from Colombia.

## Career
### 1989

    1st in General Classification Vuelta a El Salvador (ESA)

### 1992

    1st in Stage 9 Vuelta a Colombia, Bogotá (COL)
    2nd in General Classification Vuelta a Guatemala (GUA)

### 1996

    1st in Stage 6 Clásico RCN, Buga (COL)
    1st in Stage 9 Clásico RCN, Santa Helena (COL)
    3rd in General Classification Clásico RCN (COL)

### 1997

    2nd in General Classification Vuelta a Colombia (COL)
# USHUS (sonar)

USHUS is an Integrated Submarine Sonar System developed by the Naval Physical and Oceanographic Laboratory (NPOL) of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) of India and manufactured by Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL). It has been developed for use in submarines of the Indian Navy, especially for Sindhughosh-class submarines. Some reports also suggest that Arihant-class nuclear ballistic missile submarines are also equipped with USHUS system. USHUS replaces Russian systems like MGK-400 and MGK-519 sonars on Indian submarines.

## Design and description

USHUS is a multipurpose integrated sonar suite used for detecting and tracking enemy submarines, surface vessels, and torpedoes as well as for underwater communication and obstacles avoidance operations. The sonar capabilities of includes active and passive sonar surveillance, underwater communication and is capable of interception and. The sub-systems of the sonar includes Active Sonar Array, Passive Sonar Array, Intercept Sonar Array (low to medium frequency), Obstacle Avoidance System and Underwater Telephony. The USHUS-2 variant has a detection range of 30 km.
The team developing the sonar was awarded the AGNI Award for self-reliance by the Prime Minister of India in May 2007.

## Production

The production of the sonar is done by Bharat Electronics (BEL) at its Bengaluru unit, after transfer of technology from NPOL. NPOL continues to provide technical consultancy and support. The Indian Ministry of Defence signed a contract worth ₹167 crore with BEL for the delivery of the sonars for four Kilo-class submarines between 2003 and 2007. Initially one sonar system was installed and integrated in Russia and other system was installed on board an Indian submarine.

### CAG report

A CAG audit report filed in December 2012 criticised the program for the delays, and mentioned that by then, only three submarines were upgraded with the sonar, and two of those had completed sea trials. The report also stated that due to delays in implementing the upgrade, a large portion of the sonar's technical life had expired. In 2005, two submarines were outfitted, of which one completed sea trial in January 2011. In 2008, the third submarine was upgraded and it completed the trial in December 2011.

## Current status

Indian Nuclear Submarine Project starting with INS Arihant (ATV-1) include the advanced USHUS sonar system.
By April 2013, five Sindhughosh class submarines of the navy were upgraded to include the USHUS system. They are, in order of their upgrade: INS Sindhuvir (S58), INS Sindhudhvaj (S56), INS Sindhuvijay (S62) and INS Sindhurakshak (S63). INS Sindhukirti (S61) was upgraded in India at Hindustan Shipyard. The remaining submarines of the class are expect to follow.
As of 2024, USHUS-1 has been installed on 5 of the Sindhughosh-class submarines whereas USHUS-2 variant of the sonar system is expected to be installed on INS Sindhughosh (S55), INS Sindhuraj (S57) and INS Sindhuratna (S59).
# Jairo Aguirre

Jairo Aguirre Vargas (born 8 March 1956) is a Colombian former footballer who played as a striker.

## Career

Aguirre played for Deportivo Pereira and Deportes Tolima.
He made two international appearances for Colombia, in 1984.
# Mike Foppen

Mike Foppen (Dutch:; born 29 November 1996) is a Dutch middle- and long-distance runner. He finished fifth in the 5000 metres at the 2022 European Athletics Championships.
Foppen represented Netherlands in the event at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. At the 2024 Summer Olympics he finished 13th in the Athletics at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Men's 5000 metres finals.
He is the Dutch record holder for the 5000 m and the Dutch indoor record holder for the 3000 m and 5000 m (his mark is an outright national best). He won seven national titles.

## Achievements
### Personal bests

* 1500 metres – 3:35.67 (Pfungstadt 2022)
** 1500 metres indoor – 3:40.34 (Metz 2023)
* 2000 metres – 4:58.92 (Bern 2020)
** 2000 metres indoor – 5:04.10 (Liévin 2022) NB
* 3000 metres – 7:34.47 (Chorzów 2024) NR
** 3000 metres indoor – 7:42.55 (Liévin 2021) NR
* 5000 metres – 13:05.66 (Heusden 2023) NR
** 5000 metres indoor – 13:11.60 (Boston, MA 2023) NR
* 10,000 metres – 27:59.10 (Leiden 2020)

### National titles

* Dutch Athletics Championships
** 1500 metres: 2016
** 5000 metres: 2019, 2020, 2021
* Dutch Indoor Athletics Championships
** 3000 metres: 2019, 2020, 2021
# Naked in New York

Naked in New York is a 1994 American romantic comedy film directed by Daniel Algrant and starring Eric Stoltz, Mary-Louise Parker, Ralph Macchio, Jill Clayburgh, Tony Curtis, Timothy Dalton, and Kathleen Turner, and featuring multiple celebrity cameos, including William Styron listing all of his authored, penned and film work, Whoopi Goldberg as a bas-relief mask, and former New York Dolls singer David Johansen as a talking monkey, which were arranged by executive producer Martin Scorsese.

## Plot

The film is narrated in flashback by Jake Briggs (Eric Stoltz), a young aspiring playwright, culminating in the production of one of his plays off-Broadway by agent Carl Fisher (Tony Curtis). The play is a flop, at least in part because the lead parts are given to two actors, Dana Coles and Jason Brett (Kathleen Turner and Chris Noth), who are "not right" for the roles. Along the journey, Jake reviews his relationships with girlfriend Joanne (Mary-Louise Parker), gay best friend Chris (Ralph Macchio), his mother Shirley (Jill Clayburgh), and his mostly absentee father Roman (Paul Guilfoyle). The film ends with Jake and Joanne going their separate ways, mostly because of competing career goals, and Jake hoping to write more plays with greater success.

## Cast

* Eric Stoltz as Jake Briggs
* Mary-Louise Parker as Joanne White
* Ralph Macchio as Chris
* Jill Clayburgh as Shirley Briggs
* Tony Curtis as Carl Fisher
* Timothy Dalton as Elliot Price
* Kathleen Turner as Dana Coles
* Lynne Thigpen as Helen
* Roscoe Lee Browne as Mr. Red
* Paul Guilfoyle as Roman Briggs
* Burr Steers as Shipley
* Lisa Gay Hamilton as Marty
* Chris Noth as Jason Brett
* Whoopi Goldberg as Tragedy mask on theater wall
* Calista Flockhart and Arabella Field as Acting students
* Colleen Camp, Griffin Dunne, and Luis Guzmán as Auditioners
* David Johansen as Orangutan

### As themselves

* Eric Bogosian
* Quentin Crisp
* Arthur Penn
* William Styron
* Marsha Norman
* Richard Price

## Critical reception

On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 42% based on reviews from 12 critics.
The New York Times called the film "a warm, seductive delight".

### Year-end lists

* 7th worst – Desson Howe, The Washington Post
* Top 10 worst (not ranked) – Betsy Pickle, Knoxville News-Sentinel
# Madior Diouf

Madior Diouf (1939 – 23 January 2025) was a Senegalese politician of the National Democratic Rally (RND).

## Life and career

Born in Fimela [fr] in 1939, Diouf worked as a professor of literature at Cheikh Anta Diop University. Under the second government of Prime Minister Moustapha Niasse, he served as Minister of Higher Education. He was also the RND candidate in the 1993 Senegalese presidential election, earning 0.97% of the vote.
Diouf died in Dakar on 23 January 2025, at the age of 85.

## Publications

* Comprendre Véhi-Ciosane et le Mandat d'Ousmane Sembène (1986)
* Critique d'une œuvre: Nini, mulâtresse du Sénégal, d'Abdoulaye Sadji (1990)
* La civilisation Sereer (1990)
* La personnalité Sereer à travers les âges : La civilisation Sereer d'hier à demain (1991)
# March 2011 Peshawar bombing

The 9 March 2011 Peshawar bombing occurred in the city of Peshawar, the capital of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province in north-west Pakistan. The attack took place in the Adezai locality of Peshawar; 37 people were killed and at least 45 were wounded. The blast happened during a funeral held for the wife of a local anti-Taliban Pashtun militia leader. According to a witness, the attack was carried out by a suicide bomber, a "boy wrapped in a shawl." A medical emergency was declared at hospitals in Peshawar, where those injured in the attack were taken.
The Taliban later claimed responsibility for the explosion, and said it was retaliation for the local militia's support for Pakistani security forces in carrying out anti-Taliban operations.
Prime Minister Yousaf Raza Gilani issued a statement condemning the attacks, though the government was also criticised for its lack of support for those affected by the Taliban.
The incident took place just a day after another separate terrorist incident in Faisalabad.
# Chongwen Men station

Chongwen Men Station (simplified Chinese: 崇文门站; traditional Chinese: 崇文門站; pinyin: Chóngwén Mén Zhàn) is an interchange station on Line 2 and Line 5 of the Beijing Subway at Chongwenmen in Dongcheng District.

## Bus stops

* Chongwenmen West: 8, 9, 20, 41, 44, 59, 60 103, 104, 110, 203, 209, 211, 673, 723, 729.
* Chongwenmennei: 25, 39, 41, 106, 108, 110, 111, 116, 684, 685
* Chongwenmenwai: 108, 111
* Chongwenmen East: 12, 25, 39, 43, 44, 525, 610

## Station layout

Both the line 2 and 5 stations have underground island platforms.

## Exits

There are ten exits, lettered A1, A2, B1, B2, C, D, E, F, G, and H. Exits B1, E, and F are accessible.

## Gallery

* Line 2 east concourse
* Line 5 north concourse
* Line 5 south concourse
# Battersby's caecilian

Battersby's caecilian (Indotyphlus battersbyi) is a slender species of caecilian endemic to the Western Ghats, India. It has a flesh-coloured body, making it look very much like a large earthworm.

## Description

The eyes of Battersby's caecilian are concealed under the skin and are feebly visible. It is also known as the tailless caecilian, as the body ends in a blunt shield. The vent in this species is transverse as opposed to longitudinal in most other species of Indian caecilians. The total length is 17–23.8 cm (6.7–9.4 in).

## Distribution and status

Battersby's caecilian is distributed in the Western Ghats in Maharashtra and Kerala (India).
The population is unknown and threats are also not well known but are thought to be land changes for agriculture, wood and timber extracting by locals, road construction, agrochemical soil pollution and fires. It occurs in Sanjay Gandhi National Park and may occur in Koyna Wildlife Sanctuary and Phansad Wildlife Sanctuary.

## Eponym

Battersby's caecilian is named in honour of James Clarence Battersby (1901–1993), herpetologist at the British Museum (Natural History), London, for 45 years.
# Ras Mubarak

Ras Mubarak (born 3 June 1979) is a Ghanaian journalist, farmer, freelance media publicist, and politician. He belongs to the National Democratic Congress. He was the chief executive officer of the National Youth Authority (Ghana) from 2013 to 2016.
Ras Mubarak used to be a Reggae music Presenter at Ghana Broadcasting Corporation, where he worked both on radio and Television. Ras Mubarak was the member of Parliament for Kumbungu (Ghana Parliament constituency) in the seventh Parliament of the fourth republic of Ghana.

## Early life and education

Ras Mubarak was born in Tamale, in the Northern Region of Ghana but hails from Satani, in the Kumbungu district where his great-grandfather was the Paramount Chief.
He holds a Diploma in Journalism from the London School of Journalism in the year 2009 and Post Graduate Diploma(NIBS) in International Development Studies from the University of Oslo Norway in the year 2010, and a Post Graduate Certificate in Business Administration from the Nobel International Business School in Accra.

## Political career

Ras Mubarak contested for the National Democratic Congress (Ghana) parliamentary nomination for Ablekuma North in 2011. He won the nomination and subsequently represented the party in the 2012 general election as their Member of Parliament candidate. However, he lost the election to the New Patriotic Party Candidate. He then proceeded to contest for the NDC Parliamentary slot in Kumbungu in 2015. He again won and contested for the Member of Parliament of Kumbungu (Ghana parliament constituency) in the Northern Region of Ghana for the 2016 Ghanaian general Election. He won the parliamentary seat of Kumbungu constituency in the Northern Region of Ghana with 18, 777 votes of the total votes representing 55. 03%. He won the election over Amadu Moses Yahaya of Convention people's party who polled 8, 405 votes which is equivalent to 24. 63%, parliamentary candidate for New Patriotic Party Iddrisu Mutaru had 5, 196 votes representing 15. 23%, Abukari Abdul Fatawu of PPP had 1, 623 votes representing 4. 76% and parliamentary candidate for APC Mohammed Mutaru Sulemana polled 121 votes representing 0. 35% of the total votes.
Ras Mubarak contested for the 2019 National Democratic Congress primaries but lost the election to Hamza Adam. In May 2023, Mubarak made another attempt to represent his Party as its Parliamentary candidate for election 2024. He lost again to incumbent Hamza Adam.

## Personal life

Ras Mubarak is a Muslim. He has been married three times.
# Maragha, Azerbaijan

Maragha (Armenian: Մարաղա; Azerbaijani: Marağa, also Maraga) or Shikharkh (Azerbaijani: Şıxarx), formerly known as Leninavan (between 1954–1992), is a town in the Aghdara District of Azerbaijan, in the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh. The town had an ethnic Armenian-majority population in 1989, which had the status of a village at the time. The town was the site of a large massacre of ethnic Armenians by Azerbaijani forces during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War.

## History

During the Soviet period, the village was a part of the Mardakert District of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast.

### First Nagorno-Karabakh War

On 10 April 1992, during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, the village, known as Leninavan by then, was the scene of a massacre of ethnic Armenians by Azerbaijani forces, which has been described as an act of revenge after the Khojaly Massacre.

## Population

| Year | Armenians | Armenians | Azerbaijanis | Azerbaijanis | Russians | Russians | Ukrainians | Ukrainians | Total |
| 1970 | 3,712 | 95.1% | 109 | 2.8% | 64 | 1.6% | 7 | 0.2% | 3,905 |
| 1979 | 3,740 | 93.5% | 172 | 4.3% | 67 | 1.7% | 7 | 0.2% | 3,998 |
| April 1992: Seizure by Azerbaijan. Massacre and Expulsion of Armenian population. ||||||||||
# Young King OURs

Young King OURs (ヤングキングアワーズ, Yangu Kingu Awāzu) is a monthly manga magazine published in Japan by Shōnen Gahōsha, aimed primarily at male audiences, mostly older teens and young adults. It is the sister publication of Young King (which in turn was the sister publication of the now-discontinued Shōnen King). As of 2008, the circulation of Young King OURs was 68,000 copies.

## Manga artists and series featured in Young King OURs

* Yuki Hijiri
** Locke the Superman
* Gaku Miyao
** Devil Hunter Yohko
* Kouta Hirano
** Hellsing
** Drifters (ongoing)
* Masakazu Ishiguro
** And Yet the Town Moves
* Akihiro Ito
** Geobreeders
* Ark Performance
** Arpeggio of Blue Steel (ongoing)
* Ruri Miyahara
** The Kawai Complex Guide to Manors and Hostel Behavior
* Gaku Miyao
** Kazan
* Yasuhiro Nightow
** Trigun (originally published in Shōnen Captain)
* Rikdo Koshi
** Excel Saga
* Hajime Yamamura
** Kamunagara
** Ten ni Hibiki
* Satoshi Mizukami
** Lucifer and the Biscuit Hammer
** Planet With
** Spirit Circle
** Climax Necromance (ongoing, art by Ichiri Seto)
* Masahiro Shibata
** Sarai
* Satoshi Shiki
** I – Daphne in the Brilliant Blue
* Hiroki Ukawa
** Shrine of the Morning Mist
** Ayakashi no Yoru Ie
* Shutaro Yamada
** Loan Wolf
* Daisuke Moriyama
** World Embryo
* Isutoshi
** Aiki
* Shiro
** Camera, Hajimete mo Ii desu ka?
* Hiroki Miyashita
** Uchūjin Mūmū
* How to Look for Something Lost
# Tamar Pelleg-Sryck

Tamar Pelleg-Sryck (Hebrew: תמר פלג שריק) (2 June 1926 – 11 March 2024) was an Israeli lawyer and human rights activist. After working as a teacher and organizer, she qualified as a lawyer at 61 and was best known for representing Palestinian detainees in court and advocating for human rights in Palestine since the Intifada in December 1987.
Tamar Pelleg-Sryck died on 11 March 2024, at the age of 97.

## Award

* Emil Grunzweig Human Rights Award (2011) – lifetime achievement award
# Lynching of William Byrd

William Byrd was an African-American man who was lynched in Brentwood, Wayne County, Georgia by a mob on May 28, 1922. According to the United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary it was the 31st of 61 lynchings during 1922 in the United States.

## Background

A number of workers were employed to work on the farm of B.W. Moody, a well-off farmer who lived near Byrd. One of those who agreed to work at Moody's farm was Byrd's wife. She wanted to ride in the front of the truck to get to Moody's farm but Moody wouldn't let her. She complained of the slight to her husband, William Byrd. He went to confront Moody and the argument got out of control with Byrd allegedly shooting and killing Moody and seriously wounded Browning Weaver and Carlos Moody in the arm.

## Lynching

Byrd fled into the wilderness but hounds were procured from the sheriff of Wayne county at Jesup, Georgia, and used to track him down. He was surrounded and shot multiple times. The perpetrators then burned the body.
# Dippen, Argyll

55°34′16″N 5°29′25″W﻿ / ﻿55.57111°N 5.49028°W﻿ / 55.57111; -5.49028
Dippen (Scottish Gaelic: Duipinn) is a hamlet on the east coast of the Kintyre Peninsula in Scotland. The community of Dippen is in close proximity to Dippen Bay. Roads on the east coast of Kintyre were greatly improved in the era circa 1776, when the settlement was known as Duppin.
# Jorge Cruz-Cruz

Jorge Enrique Cruz-Cruz (born March 30, 1966) is a former Colombian footballer and current scout/coach who played professionally for clubs in Colombia and Argentina. He holds a United States United States Soccer Federation A Coaching License with a NSCAA National Goalkeeper License, a Brazilian B License, and an Asian Football Confederation A License. Cruz formerly coached the Central Texas Lobos FC of the Gulf Coast Premier League and has served the United States Soccer Federation on the Development Academy and Olympic Development sides.

## Professional career

Cruz began to develop at America de Cali in his native Colombia before moving to Houston, Texas, USA to pursue a college degree. He was lured back to South America and featured for Racing de Córdoba in 1989/90 amassing 6 goals in 24 games. Cruz went on short stints with both Independiente Santa Fe and Chaco For Ever impressing in the National B which led to a transfer to Huracán in 1992 where Cruz went on to score 25 goals in 65 matches. Having been the highest goal scorer in National B and First Division, Cruz earned the title of Top Goal Scorer of the year in Argentina. This fine form caught the attention of the managers of Colombia (Francisco Maturana) as well as USA (Bora Milutinović), but Cruz was unable to squeeze into a position at the World Cup 1994 for either nation. A short spell followed at Quilmes (B Nacional, 8 matches, 2 goals) before Cruz returned to the US to pursue a career in coaching.
Cruz, often referred to by the double last name 'Cruz-Cruz' was a barreling, right-footed forward who was also good in the air. He is endeared at Huracán for not only an exciting goal-scoring race of 1993 with Alberto Acosta but also helping the team to a runner-up finish in the 1994 Clausura. Cruz made a common practice of thanking God for goals and good performances.

## Coaching career

Cruz has been a United States Soccer Development Academy Scout since 2008 and also an Assistant Coach for the U14, U15, and U17 USA Girls National Teams. Cruz served as an Assistant Coach of the Jordan Women's National Team under Michael Dickey from 2017 to 2018. Cruz worked as a Professional Match Evaluator for Major League Soccer from 2010 to 2017 and has been on the Olympic Development Program staff since 2005.