OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Alexander Wilkie

Alexander Wilkie CH (30 September 1850 – 2 September 1928) was a Labour Party politician in Scotland, best known for his service as a Member of Parliament for Dundee. Along with the Dundonian George Nicoll Barnes, Wilkie was one of the first-ever Labour MPs elected in Scotland.

## Biography

Wilkie was born in Fife in 1850 and, until his political career, was a ship carpenter. Wilkie was known for his work in the Labour movement serving as general secretary of the Ship Constructive and Shipwrights Association. He helped to form the Labour Representation Committee and visited the United States as a member of the Mosely Commission in 1902.
He unsuccessfully contested the Sunderland constituency at the 1900 general election but was elected to the House of Commons at the 1906 general election as one of the two Members of Parliament for Dundee. Wilkie's election has been argued to be an important part of a broader process of political change in Dundee, which saw the city's electorate move from supporting the Liberal Party to supporting the Labour Party.
While he was an MP, Wilkie was a trustee of both the University College, Dundee and the Dundee Technical College and School of Art. He also contributed to The Tocsin, a monthly periodical that backed the Labour Party in Dundee and was edited by Joseph Lee.
From 1908 to 1922, his colleague as MP for Dundee was a future British prime minister, then a Liberal MP, Winston Churchill. At the 1918 general election, both Wilkie and Churchill were supported by the local Unionists as well as their own party organisations. In Wilkie's case, that reflected both the fact that his political views had moved to the right since 1914 as well as his support for British involvement in the Great War. The Glasgow Herald noted in 1918 that Wilkie had "never been regarded as a rabid socialist" and had won support from many Liberal voters in the past because of his "moderate" opinions.
It was reported in 1920 that Wilkie would retire at the next general election. Wilkie stood down at the 1922 general election. In the subsequent election not only was Churchill defeated by the only MP to be elected as a prohibitionist but Wilkie was replaced by the considerably more leftwing Labour MP E. D. Morel.
# Cristeta Comerford

Cristeta Pasia Comerford (née Gomez Pasia; born October 27, 1962) is a Filipino-American chef who served as the White House executive chef from 2005 until her retirement in 2024. She is the first woman and first person of Asian origin to hold the post.

## Early life

Cristeta Comerford was born as Cristeta Gomez Pasia in Sampaloc, Manila, the Philippines to Honesto Pasia, a public school assistant principal, and Erlinda Gomez. She grew up on Cataluña Street (now G. Tolentino) in Sampaloc, Manila. She completed her secondary education at the Manila Science High School. She attended the University of the Philippines, Diliman in Quezon City, majoring in food technology. However, she left school before completing the degree when she immigrated to the United States at the age of 23.

## Career

Comerford's first job was at the Sheraton Hotel near O'Hare International Airport in Chicago, Illinois. She also worked at the Hyatt Regency hotel. After Chicago, she moved to Washington, D.C., and worked as a chef at two restaurants. She additionally spent six months in Vienna as a rotating chef. Comerford was recruited by White House executive chef Walter Scheib III in 1995 to work in the Clinton White House as an assistant chef.
After Scheib resigned in February 2005, Comerford was appointed White House executive chef by First Lady Laura Bush on August 14, 2005. Comerford is the first woman to hold this position. She reportedly was appointed to this position due to her handling of a large dinner that was held in honor of Indian prime minister Manmohan Singh.
On January 9, 2009, the Obama transition team announced that Comerford would be retained as the administration's head chef. Michelle Obama stated, "She is also the mom of a young daughter, and I appreciate our shared perspective on the importance of healthy eating and healthy families."
Comerford appeared on a special two-hour episode of Iron Chef America, originally broadcast on January 2, 2010. She was teamed up with Bobby Flay and competed against a team of Emeril Lagasse and Mario Batali.
As chef to a head of state, Comerford is a member of Le Club des Chefs des Chefs.
Comerford retired from the White House in July 2024.

## Personal life

Comerford is married to John Comerford, with whom she has a daughter, Danielle. While she worked in the White House, they lived in Columbia, Maryland. After her retirement the couple planned to move to South Florida.
# AZS AWF Warsaw (men's volleyball)

AZS AWF Warszawa, known in English as AZS AWF Warsaw, was a Polish men's volleyball team based in Warsaw, founded in 1949 as a university team (AZS) and dissolved in 1995. It was the most successful Polish volleyball club of the 20th century in terms of the number of league titles before the establishment of the professional volleyball league.

## Honours
### Domestic

* Polish Championship
    Winners (14): 1952, 1953, 1953–54, 1954–55, 1955–56, 1956–57, 1957–58, 1958–59, 1959–60, 1960–61, 1962–63, 1964–65, 1965–66, 1967–68
* Polish Cup
    Winners (3): 1953, 1953–54, 1954

### International

* CEV European Champions Cup
    Semifinalists (1): 1959–60
# Arghul

The arghul (Arabic: أرغول or يرغول), also spelled argul, arghoul, arghool, argol, or yarghul, is a musical instrument in the reed family. It has been used since ancient Egyptian times and is still used as a traditional instrument in Egypt, Palestine, Syria and Jordan.

## Basic characteristics

(From Edward William Lane's An Account of the Manners and Customs of the Modern Egyptians.) Modern Arghul, 3 ft. 2½ in. long.
The arghul is a double-pipe, Single-reed woodwind instrument that consists of two tubes: a melody pipe with between five and seven holes and a longer drone (Arabic ardiyya, "ground") pipe. Its tone is similar to that of a clarinet, although a bit more reed-like. Unlike the similar mijwiz, the arghul has fingering holes on only one of the instrument's pipes (the melody pipe), and the drone pipe has a detachable length that allows the player to alter the pitch of the drone.
In the illustration above all three lengths are shown in use. An arghul belonging to the collection of the Conservatoire Royal at Brussels, described by Victor Mahillon in his catalogue (No. 113), gives the following scale: —
| Short Pipe. | Drone Pipe. |
| Holes uncovered. | Without additional joint. With shortest additional joint. With shortest and medium additional joints. With longest additional joint. |
Arghuls are used in Egypt, Palestine and other Arab nations as an accompaniment to belly dancing, Dabke, and other types of Arabic musical performances. Circular breathing is an important part of the playing of the instrument.
There are three varieties of arghuls: the small arghul (arghoul alasghar), the medium arghul (arghoul alsoghayr), and the large arghul (arghoul alkebir).
* Egyptian arghul collected before 1939 in the Wereld Museum in Belgium.
* Egypt 1537 - 31 BCE. Instrument from ancient Egypt found in a tomb.

## Çifte

Çifte is a Turkish folk instrument of the wind type. It is made by tying two reed pipes side by side. Two small reed pieces which produce the sound are added to the ends of both reeds. These two small reeds are taken into the mouth cavity and it is played by blowing the air into both at the same time.
There are two çifte types known as Demli Çifte and Demsiz Çifte. In demli çifte one of the reeds does not have any pitch keys and it just produces a drone. There are melody keys on the other reed and the main melody is played through them.
Çifte is also known as Argun, Argul, Kargın or Zambır at different regions.
In Turkish, the word "çifte" also refers to a double-barreled shotgun, no doubt because of the barrels' resemblance to the wind instrument.

## Dozaleh

    See main article: Dozaleh
The dozaleh is one of the old folk wind instruments of Iran which is used in mirth celebrations. Abu Nasr Farabi had called it Mezmarol-Mosana or Mozdavadg [mozdavej] ("married"). The dozaleh has a sound like Ney-anbān [neianbAn] (bagpipe), but to some extent more clear and lower. It is played in Khorasan [xorAsAn], Kermanshah [KermAnSAh], and mostly in Iran. In some different dialects it is called Zanbooreh [zanbureh].
# 2004 Nosratabad fuel tanker explosion

The 2004 Nosratabad fuel tanker explosion was a catastrophic incident that took place on 24 June 2004, near Iran's border with Afghanistan, resulting in at least 90 fatalities and 114 injuries. The disaster occurred when a petrol truck lost control and collided with a bus at the Nosratabad police checkpoint, located about 110 kilometres (68 mi) west of Zahedan.

## Background

Iran has a high rate of road accidents, with an average of 22,000 annual fatalities at the time of the disaster.
Police checkpoints, mostly present to check for drugs, are commonplace on roads in the vicinity of Zahedan, the capital of Sistan and Baluchestan province. The checkpoint at Nosratabad was situated on a sharp bend and was known for creating long queues of buses and cars, and its location and outdated inspection methods would later be criticised by Zahedan parliamentarian Hossein Ali Shahriari.
Earlier in the year on 18 February 2004, a train carrying sulphur, fertiliser, petrol, and cotton wool derailed, separated, and exploded near Nishapur, killing almost 300 people.

## Incident

The petrol truck was carrying more than 17,000 litres (3,700 imp gal; 4,500 US gal) of petrol when it lost control and collided with an electricity pylon and then a bus at the police post, where other vehicles were waiting in line. The impact caused the truck to explode, creating a fireball that engulfed five other buses and several additional vehicles that were stopped at the checkpoint, some of which were carrying tar, further exacerbating the flames. The explosion was so intense that many of the victims were charred beyond recognition.
According to the state-run Islamic Republic News Agency, most of the victims were women and children who were waiting inside the buses while the men were being searched by the police outside. The victims were burnt to death due to a lack of firefighting equipment at the police station in Nosratabad.
Mehran Nourbakhsh, a spokesperson for the Iranian Red Crescent Society, stated that 90 people had died in the blast and 114 had been injured. He added that the organization had dispatched 40 workers to the scene to provide aid.
# Naini Rajender Reddy

Naini Rajender Reddy (born 1969) is an Indian politician from Telangana state. He is an MLA from Warangal West Assembly constituency in Hanamkonda district. He represents Indian National Congress Party and won the 2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election.

## Early life and education

Reddy is from Warangal. He is born to Naini Narender Reddy. He completed his Intermediate i 1987 at Government Junior College, Hanumakonda.

## Career

Reddy started as a NSUI District General secretary and president 1988- 1998. From 1998-2005 worked as youth Congress District president. Reddy was the best youth president twice and got award from former CM YS. Rajashekar Reddy in combined state Andhrapradesh . He worked as district library chairman from 2005-2016. District Congress Committee president in 2015. Reddy won from Warangal West Assembly constituency representing Indian National Congress in the 2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election. He polled 72,649 votes, and defeated his nearest rival Dasyam Vinay Bhasker of Bharath Rashtra Samithi by a margin of 15,331 votes. Reddy is the most senior leader in Telangana Congress
# Caledonian Ocean

The Caledonian Ocean is the archaic name for the north Atlantic Ocean.
The exact area it covers varies from source to source. However, it generally lies off the western coast of Scotland (the name of the ocean coming from the Roman name for the country Caledonia) and often also off the west coast of Ireland.
It borders the North Sea in the east and the Britannic Ocean in the south.
# Dimitrije Grgić

Dimitrije Grgić (Serbian Cyrillic: Димитрије Гргић, born 22 June 1984) is a Serbian sports shooter. He competed in the men's 10 metre air pistol event at the 2016 Summer Olympics.
# Ralf-Dieter Fischer

Ralf-Dieter Fischer (12 May 1948 – 19 January 2025) was a German politician. A member of the Christian Democratic Union, he served in the Hamburg Parliament from 1982 to 1997.
Fischer died on 19 January 2025, at the age of 76.
# Jastrzębsko Stare

Jastrzębsko Stare is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nowy Tomyśl, within Nowy Tomyśl County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) west of Nowy Tomyśl and 59 km (37 mi) west of the regional capital Poznań.

## History

During World War II, in January 1945, a German-perpetrated death march of prisoners of various nationalities from the dissolved camp in Żabikowo to the Sachsenhausen concentration camp passed through the village.
# Social Statics

Social Statics, or The Conditions essential to Happiness specified, and the First of them Developed is an 1851 book by the British polymath Herbert Spencer. The book was published by John Chapman of London.
In the book, he uses the term "fitness" in applying his ideas of Lamarckian evolution to society, saying for example that "It is clear that any being whose constitution is to be moulded into fitness for new conditions of existence must be placed under those conditions. Or, putting the proposition specifically—it is clear that man can become adapted to the social state, only by being retained in the social state. This granted, it follows that as man has been, and is still, deficient in those feelings which, by dictating just conduct, prevent the perpetual antagonism of individuals and their consequent disunion, some artificial agency is required by which their union may be maintained. Only by the process of adaptation itself can be produced that character which makes social equilibrium spontaneous."
Despite its commonly being attributed to this book, it was not until his Principles of Biology of 1864 that Spencer coined the phrase "survival of the fittest", which he would later apply to economics and biology. This could be described as a key tenet of so-called Social Darwinism, though Spencer and his book were not an advocate thereof.

## Reaction

Economist Murray Rothbard called Social Statics "the greatest single work of libertarian political philosophy ever written."
In Lochner v. New York, Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., dissenting from the Supreme Court's holding that state legislation forbidding bakers from working more than ten hours a day or sixty hours a week violated the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution by infringing on the individual's liberty of contract, famously wrote: "The Fourteenth Amendment does not enact Mr. Herbert Spencer's Social Statics."
# Shouting match

A shouting match is an argument or debate characterized by the loud volume or intensity of the participants.

## Parliamentary procedures

Large assemblies may easily degenerate into shouting matches as the participants raise their voices just in order to be heard. To control this tendency towards chaos, rules of conduct such as Robert's Rules are often used.

## Productive confrontation

Some assemblies may choose this form of discourse deliberately so that creative contributions are not stifled by formal rules. The Bourbaki working parties to establish a definitive new reference work for mathematics were conducted in this way, being described as “Two or three monologues shouted at top voice, seemingly independently of one another” by Armand Borel, who attributed the success of this process to the commitment and hard work of the members. At the General Electric company, the successful chief executive, Jack Welch, forced his managers to justify their positions by intensive argument that often became shouting matches. The result was to make the management confront reality and motivate them to make their proposals work.

## In commerce

Shouting matches should be avoided in commercial interactions between customers and suppliers because they tend to poison relations between the parties and so reduce the possibility of a productive deal. Training and role-playing may be used to develop the emotional intelligence required to handle such situations effectively.
In public situations such as a nightclub or bar, staff that get into shouting matches with patrons look badly unprofessional. If they instead ignore the insults, the intoxicated customers will get frustrated and leave.

## Online

Online communication in internet forums commonly takes the form of a shouting match, sometimes using all caps to denote shouting. This is due to the anonymity which reduces the possibility of sanction for intemperate speech. So, rather than a listening and rational exchange, the format fosters rage and aggression which results in extreme opinions and insults.

## As social ritual

The Yanomamo people of the Orinoco are known as The Fierce People. When two tribes meet for a feast, their chiefs start by engaging in a ritualised shouting match in which they ostensibly engage in fierce conflict but, by their rhythmic interaction, establish a satisfying bond.
# Tamás Esterházy (1570–1616)

Tamás Esterházy de Galántha (8 May 1570 – 1616) was a Hungarian noble, son of Vice-ispán (Viscount; vicecomes) of Pozsony County Ferenc Esterházy. One of his brothers was Nikolaus, Count Esterházy who served as Palatine of Hungary.
He studied at the University of Wittenberg since 3 October 1589 where he converted to Calvinism. He translated one of his teacher, Aegidius Hunnius's works into Hungarian. Cardinal Péter Pázmány, a key member and initiator of the Hungarian counter-Reformation condemned Esterházy's work and called Hunnius' publication as "evil".
Tamás Esterházy died in 1616 at Galántha, ancient estate of the House of Esterházy.

## Works

* Az Igaz Aniaszentegyhazrol, es ennec feieről az Christvsrol. Ismeg az Romai Anyaszent egyházról es ennec feieről, az Romai Paprol valo Articulus… Irattatott Aegidius Hunnius, az Szent irasnac Doctora és Professora altal… Sárvár, 1602. (printing was financially supported by István Illésházy, Esterházy's uncle)
# Legia Warsaw (men's volleyball)

Legia Warszawa, known in English as Legia Warsaw, was a Polish professional men's volleyball club based in Warsaw, founded in 1929. Domestically, the club won 8 league titles and 5 national cups, and on the international stage reached the semifinals of the CEV European Champions Cup two times. The club declared bankruptcy in 2023.

## Honours
### Domestic

* Polish Championship
    Winners (8): 1961–62, 1963–64, 1966–67, 1968–69, 1969–70, 1982–83, 1983–84, 1985–86
* Polish Cup
    Winners (5): 1952, 1960–61, 1983–84, 1985–86, 1994–95

### International

* CEV European Champions Cup
    Semifinalists (2): 1962–63, 1967–68
# Querqueville

Querqueville (French pronunciation:) is a former commune in the Manche department in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Cherbourg-en-Cotentin.
The Chapel of Saint Germanus (Chapelle Saint-Germain) with its trefoil floorplan incorporates elements of one of the earliest surviving places of Christian worship in the Cotentin Peninsula - perhaps second only to the Gallo-Roman baptistry at Port-Bail.

## Heraldry

| Arms of Querqueville | The arms of Querqueville are blazoned: Gules, a trefoil chapel Or, pierced and open sable, on a chief azure, three bees Or. |

## History

During WII, Querqueville Airfield (Advanced Landing Ground) was rebuilt on a former French Navy airfield.
# The Wife of Willesden

The Wife of Willesden, published in 2023, is a script by Zadie Smith.

## Reception

According to Book Marks, the book received a "rave" consensus, based on five critic reviews: four "rave" and one "positive".
# Aynur

Aynur is a Turkish and Azerbaijani given name for females. As it is derived from the Turkish word "ay" and the Arabic word "nur", its literal meaning is moonlight.
In the Balkans, Aynur (written as Ajnur) is popular among Bosniaks in the former Yugoslav nations, specifically Bosniak males. This is one of the most popular names in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Given name

* Aynur Aydın (born 1985), Turkish German singer
* Aynur Doğan (born 1975), Kurdish singer and musician
* Aynur Erge (born 1998), Turkish wrestler
* Aynur Imanova (born 1988), Azerbaijani volleyball player
* Aynur Sofiyeva (born 1970), Azerbaijani politician and former chess player
* Ainur Yesbergenova (born 1998), Kazakhstani taekwondo athlete
# Ashtarjan, Iran

Ashtarjan (Persian: اشترجان) is a city in the Central District of Falavarjan County, Isfahan province, Iran, serving as the administrative center for Ashtarjan Rural District.

## History

After the 2016 National Census, the city of Imanshahr was divided into the new cities of Ashtarjan and Minadasht.
# WFOG-LP

WFOG-LP is a variety–formatted broadcast radio station licensed to and serving Hillsville, Virginia. WFOG-LP is owned and operated by Pink Doors Media.
# 1898 Purdue Boilermakers football team

The 1898 Purdue Boilermakers football team was an American football team that represented Purdue University during the 1898 Western Conference football season. The Boilermakers compiled a 3–3 record and outscored their opponents by a total of 37 to 33 in their first season under head coach Alpha Jamison. R. L. Spears was the team captain.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| October 8 | | Purdue alumni* | Stuart FieldWest Lafayette, IN | L 0–6 | |
| October 18 | 2:30 p.m. | vs. Haskell* | Newby OvalIndianapolis, IN | W 5–0 | |
| October 22 | | Haskell* | Stuart FieldWest Lafayette, IN | W 16–0 | |
| November 5 | | at Chicago | Marshall FieldChicago, IL (rivalry) | L 0–17 | 1,000 |
| November 12 | | Indiana* | Stuart FieldWest Lafayette, IN (rivalry) | W 14–0 | |
| November 24 | | Oberlin* | Stuart FieldWest Lafayette, IN | L 0–10 | |
| *Non-conference game |||||||

## Roster

* A. W. Anderson, T
* W. M. Benson
* Tom Butterworth, C
* H. L. Byers, HB
* A. Dushane, G
* W. Galloway
* J. J. Hall
* Fred Herbold
* L. F. Johnson
* F. J. McCoy, HB
* Charlie Quinn
* J. W. Raub
* C. T. Rich, T
* Edward C. Robertson, QB-HB
* C. S. Sample
* Edward Sears
* R. L. Sears, QB
* Alex Smith, T
* M. H. Spades, E
* R. I. Webber
# Jezierzyce Kościelne

Jezierzyce Kościelne is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Włoszakowice, within Leszno County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south-east of Włoszakowice, 12 km (7 mi) west of Leszno, and 67 km (42 mi) south-west of the regional capital Poznań.
# Hello, I Must Be Going (book)

Hello, I Must Be Going: Groucho and His Friends is a 1978 biography of Groucho Marx by Charlotte Chandler. The biography was written towards the end of Groucho's life (and published after his death), and chronicles many interviews between Chandler and Groucho. When asked for an interview, Groucho declined, however he invited Charlotte to his house so he could tell her no in person. After several hours of conversation Groucho asked "Why aren't you writing?" Anecdotes and stories of Groucho's life and career as a star of stage and screen are hilariously told by his contemporaries and lifelong friends. Stories from Groucho's life from the beginning of the 20th century conjure up a picture of great poverty and great wealth and give the reader an insight to the phenomenon that was the Marx Brothers and an understanding of their individual relationships with colleagues and friends, and with one another. In addition to the "old timers" there are interviews and comment from Woody Allen, Bill Cosby and Jack Nicholson to name but a few. The 1992 paperback edition features an introduction by Cosby.