OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bliss–Leavitt Mark 8 torpedo

The Bliss–Leavitt Mark 8 torpedo was the United States Navy's first 21-inch (530 mm) by 21-foot (6.4 m) torpedo. Although introduced prior to World War I, most of its combat use was by PT boats in World War II. The torpedo was originally designed in 1911 by Frank McDowell Leavitt of the E. W. Bliss Company and entered full mass production in 1913 at the Naval Torpedo Station in Newport, Rhode Island. It was deployed on destroyers and battleships during World War I and cruisers built in the 1920s. All US battleships and most cruisers had their torpedo tubes removed by 1941. The Mark 8 remained in service through World War II on older destroyers, primarily the Wickes and Clemson classes. It also equipped PT boats early in World War II, but was replaced by the Mark 13 torpedo on most of these in mid-1943.
Under the Lend-Lease Act, about 600 Mark 8 torpedoes were issued to the United Kingdom for use with 50 pre-1930 destroyers it received under the Destroyers for Bases Agreement.

## Design

The design was originally intended to be used on destroyers in an anti-surface ship role. When it was first released, it was a highly advanced torpedo, but when it was actually deployed into service during World War II it was showing its age and unable to compete with modern torpedo technology. The low speed of the torpedo was one of the complaints; its Japanese counterpart, the Type 93 torpedo, was significantly faster and more difficult to spot in the water.

## Deployment difficulties

The Mark 8 had many technical difficulties with its design that would be a bane to the torpedomen who would use them. The first issue came with the process of simply launching the torpedo, which was fraught with its own set of difficulties. The gyro in the torpedo was sensitive when it was first launched and it would need to be launched from an even keel, otherwise the torpedo would lose stability when it hit the water. The other issue concerned the launching mechanism. The initial system was set with a black powder charge to push the torpedo out of the tube. This was a problem in the South Pacific, where the humid climate would cause these charges to misfire, sometimes not putting enough force behind the torpedo to fully eject it from the tube. One other risk of these misfires was what is called "hot running", where the torpedo would run in its tube. Though the warhead could not detonate, the motor would overheat and explode without water to cool it, sending splinters across the deck. Another issue was that the tubes were heavily lubricated with oil and grease to ensure that the torpedo was smoothly launched from the tube. Sometimes during launch, the charge would ignite the lubricants in the tube causing a fire emitting black smoke that would reveal the location of the torpedo boat.
The torpedo lacked the explosive power of newer models. It carried less than 500 pounds (230 kg) of TNT-based explosives, which was far from a guaranteed ship kill. This frustrated many captains who, when hitting an enemy dead on, had the warhead detonate but not sink the target, and many targets escaped.
# Ting Kau

Ting Kau is an area in west Tsuen Wan District, New Territories, Hong Kong. Ting Kau Village (Chinese: 汀九村) is a village near the shore. Ting Kau is famous for the Ting Kau Bridge, spanning the Rambler Channel, from Ting Kau to Tsing Yi Island.

## Administration

Ting Kau is a recognized village under the New Territories Small House Policy.

## Beaches

* Approach Beach (近水灣泳灘)
* Casam Beach (更生灣泳灘)
* Hoi Mei Wan Beach (海美灣泳灘)
* Lido Beach (麗都灣泳灘)
* Ting Kau Beach (汀九灣泳灘) was once a popular beach in Hong Kong. The water quality affected by the treated water injected into Victoria Harbour.

## Private housing

* Golden Villa
* The Westminster Terrace

## Education

Ting Kau is in Primary One Admission (POA) School Net 62, which includes schools in Tsuen Wan and areas nearby. The net includes multiple aided schools and one government school, Hoi Pa Street Government Primary School.

## Transportation

Castle Peak Road is the main access to the area.
# Sarah Adam

Sarah Adam (born December 17, 1990) is an American wheelchair rugby player and occupational therapy professor from Naperville, Illinois.

## Rugby career

Adam was a part of the United States national wheelchair rugby team lineups that won gold at the 2022 Americas Championship, silver at the 2022 World Championship, and gold at the 2023 Parapan American Games, making her the first American woman to win gold in the latter event.
On April 30, 2024, Adam was officially named to the U.S. Paralympic Wheelchair Rugby Team roster for the 2024 Summer Paralympics, making her the first-ever woman to represent the United States in wheelchair rugby at a Paralympic Games. At the games, she became the first American woman to score in Paralympic wheelchair rugby, and the U.S. Paralympic Wheelchair Rugby Team, including her, won the silver medal. As of those Paralympics, Adam is a 2.5-classified player in the wheelchair rugby classification system.

## Academic career

Adam earned her bachelor's degree at Augustana College in Illinois and her doctorate in Occupational Therapy at Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri.
She is now an associate professor of occupational science and occupational therapy at Saint Louis University. Her research interests include, per her Saint Louis University faculty profile, "enhancing independence and participation of individuals with disability through community-based exercise and adaptive sports", and she is a member of the American Occupational Therapy Association.
# Columbia Baptist Church

Columbia Baptist Church is a historic church at 25514 Royalton Road in Columbia Center, Ohio. The church was built in 1900 for the local Baptist congregation, which formed in 1832 and had previously used a wood-frame building for its church. The congregation built their church from locally quarried sandstone and gave it a design which combined the Stick Style and Queen Anne style. The church features an intersecting gable roof, a gothic arched stained glass window next to the main entrance, and several smaller stained glass windows illustrating Bible scenes. Its 77 feet (23 m) bell tower has a bell-shaped roof and is the tallest structure in Columbia Center.
The church was added to the National Register on July 12, 1976.
# 1970s in Croatian television

This is a list of Croatian television related events from the 1970s.

## Networks and services

* 27 August 1972 – HRT 2 (Radiotelevizija Zagreb)

## Television shows

* 1975 - Gruntovčani

### Debuts in the 1970s

* 3 January 1976 - TV kalendar

### Ending in the 1970s
## 1970s Births
### 1970 Births

* 22 March - Vlatka Pokos, Austrian-born TV host & singer.
* 18 April - Barbara Kolar, TV & radio host.
* 13 June - Mila Elegović [hr], actress.
* 15 July - Dražen Čuček [hr], actor.
* 26 August - Zoran Vakula [hr], weatherman.
* 10 November - Goran Navojec, actor.

### 1971 Births

* 15 October - Nikša Kušelj [hr], actor.

### 1972 Births

* 17 February - Bojana Gregorić, actress & TV host.
* 2 March - Rene Bitorajac, actor & TV host.

### 1973 Births

* 29 December - Damir Markovina [hr], actor.

### 1974 Births

* 5 April - Sandra Bagarić, Bosnian-born opera singer & actress.

### 1975 Births

* 13 September - Ines Bojanić [hr], actress.

### 1976 Births

* 8 April - Nikolina Pišek, actress & TV host.
* 28 September - Dušan Bućan [hr], actor & TV host.

### 1977 Births

* 12 September - Daria Knez [hr], actress.

### 1978 Births

* 9 April - Vesna Pisarović, singer & TV host.
* 18 April - Vanja Rupena, model & TV host.
* 16 July - Ana Vilenica [hr], actress.

### 1979 Births

* 5 June - Antonija Šola, singer-songwriter & actress.
* 18 July - Zrinka Cvitešić, actress.
* 22 August - Leona Paraminski, actress and TV host.
* 27 August - Ana Begić [hr], actress.
* 4 September - Kristina Krepela, actress.
* 2 October - Antonija Blaće, TV host.
# Blue Pearl

Blue Pearl are an English electronic music duo consisting of American female singer Durga McBroom and British musician Youth (Martin Glover). They charted six times on the UK singles chart and had two songs reach the US Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart.
"Naked in the Rain" was a No. 4 hit in the UK Singles Chart and a No. 5 dance hit in the US in 1990, which was originally issued on blue vinyl. It was followed by "(Can You) Feel the Passion" (whose melody samples Bizarre Inc's "Playing with Knives"), which hit No. 1 on both Billboard's Dance Club Play and the UK Dance Chart in 1992, reaching No. 14 on the UK Singles Chart. They also had a Top 40 hit in the UK Singles Chart in November 1990 with the No. 31 hit, "Little Brother".
As McBroom is a backing vocalist for Pink Floyd, their records feature guest appearances from David Gilmour and Richard Wright. A couple of decades later, both Youth and McBroom went on to be involved in the completion of Pink Floyd's 2014 album The Endless River, which charted at No. 1 in the UK Albums Chart.

## Discography
### Albums

* Naked (1990) UK No. 58

### Singles

| Year | Single | Peak positions | Peak positions | Peak positions | Peak positions | Peak positions | Peak positions | Peak positions | Peak positions | Peak positions | Album |
| Year | Single | UK | IRE | NED | BEL (FLA) | GER | AUT | SWI | SWE | US Dance | Album |
| 1990 | "Naked in the Rain" | 4 | 14 | — | 9 | 21 | 2 | 15 | 6 | 5 | Naked |
| 1990 | "Little Brother" | 31 | 30 | — | — | 75 | — | — | — | — | Naked |
| 1991 | "Alive" | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Naked |
| 1991 | "(Can You) Feel the Passion" | 14 | 24 | 49 | 34 | — | — | — | 32 | 1 | singles only |
| 1992 | "Mother Dawn" | 50 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | singles only |
| 1993 | "Fire of Love" (with Jungle High) | 71 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | singles only |
| 1998 | "Naked in the Rain '98" | 22 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | singles only |
| singles only ||||||||||||
# Pablo Rotchen

Pablo Oscar Rotchen Suárez (born 23 April 1973 in Buenos Aires) is a retired Argentine football defender who played for the Argentina national team in Copa América 1997.
Rotchen started his professional career playing for Club Atlético Independiente on November 22, 1992, in a 1–0 away win against Boca Juniors in the Bombonera. From there he went on to make over 200 appearances for the club in all competitions.
Rotchen helped Independiente to win the Clausura 1994 championship. They also won the Supercopa Sudamericana in 1994 and 1995 and the Recopa Sudamericana in 1995.
Rotchen joined RCD Espanyol in 1999 and was part of the squad that won the Copa del Rey in 2000.
In 2002, he joined team Monterrey where he was part of the squad that won the Clausura 2003 championship. He retired in 2005.

## Honours
### Independiente

* Primera División Argentina: Clausura 1994
* Supercopa Sudamericana: 1994, 1995
* Recopa Sudamericana: 1995

### Espanyol

* Copa del Rey: 1999–2000

### Monterrey

* La Primera División: Clausura 2003
# Crystal Caliburn

Crystal Caliburn is a 1993 video game by Japanese studio LittleWing (ja) and published by StarPlay for Macintosh and Windows; it was later released for Windows Mobile and iOS.

## Gameplay

Crystal Caliburn is a pinball game with multiball play.

## Reception

In 1996, Computer Gaming World declared Crystal Caliburn the 140th-best computer game ever released.

## Reviews

* LeveL 3 (04/1995)
* All Game Guide (1998)
* Mac Game Gate (Nov 02, 1997)
* ASM (Aktueller Software Markt) (Jan, 1995)
* PC Shareware (Apr, 1997)
# Born Gangstaz

Born Gangstaz is the only studio album by American gangsta rapper Bo$$. It was released on May 25, 1993, through Def Jam Recordings' West Coast-based sub-label DJ West. The recording sessions took place at Beat Street Studios, Mad Hatter Studios, M'Bila Studios and Westlake Audio in Los Angeles, at Rockin' Reel Recording Studios in Commack, at Chung King Studios in New York City, and at Ian London Studios in East Islip, New York. The album was produced by Def Jef, AMG, Erick Sermon, T-Ray, Chyskillz, Jam Master Jay, Mic Professah, Stone tha Lunatic, and Tracey Waples, who also served as executive producer together with Russell Simmons, and co-producers MC Serch, Courtney Branch and Tracy Kendrick. It features guest appearances from Def Jef, Onyx, AMG, Erick Sermon, dancehall performers Admiral D and Papa Juggy, as well as Bo$$'s parents, Lillie and Joe Laws.
The album debuted at number 22 on the Billboard 200 and number 3 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums in the United States.
It features two the Billboard charted singles: "Deeper" and "Recipe of a Hoe". "I Don't Give a Fuck" b/w "Mai Sista Izza Bitch" and "Progress of Elimination" also were released as singles.
Despite the success of this album, Boss never released another album during her lifetime. Born Gangstaz has sold around 500,000 copies. The working title of the album was They Don't Have the Body Count.
The song "I Don't Give a Fuck" featured during the closing credits of the episode "Lesbian Request Denied" from Season 1 of the Netflix TV show Orange Is the New Black.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Christgau's Consumer Guide | |
| Entertainment Weekly | A− |
| Los Angeles Times | |
| RapReviews | 7.5/10 |
| The Source | |
USA Today said that Born Gangstaz "is so shockingly roughneck, it makes N.W.A sound like Sunday school teachers." The Guardian wrote: "The lady explains, 'Here's a bitch that don't give a fuck'. Whether or not that's true—and one suspects that Boss is more of an actress than a gangsta—it's pretty sad that she wants to compete with men in this area."

## Retrospect

| Magazine | Country | Article | Year | Rank |
| Spin | United States | "The 50 Best Rap Albums from 1993" | 2013 | 17 |

## Charts

| Chart (1993) | Peak position |
| US Billboard 200 | 22 |
| US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums (Billboard) | 3 |

### Singles

| Year | Song | Chart positions | Chart positions | Chart positions | Chart positions |
| Year | Song | Hot 100 | R&B | Rap | Dance |
| 1993 | "Deeper" | 65 | 28 | 1 | 25 |
| 1993 | "Recipe of a Hoe" | 118$^{[A]}$ | 73 | 1 | 29 |
$^{[A]}$ Number 18 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.
# Color picker

A color picker (also color chooser or color tool) is a graphical user interface widget, usually found within graphics software or online, used to select colors and, in some cases, to create color schemes (the color picker might be more sophisticated than the palette included with the program). Operating systems such as Microsoft Windows or macOS have a system color picker, which can be used by third-party programs (e.g., Adobe Photoshop).

## History

The concept of color pickers dates back to the early days of computer graphics and digital design. Early versions were rudimentary, often featuring basic color palettes and limited functionality.

## Purpose

A color picker is used to select and adjust color values. In graphic design and image editing, users typically choose colors via an interface with a visual representation of a color—organized with quasi-perceptually-relevant hue, saturation and lightness dimensions (HSL) – instead of keying in alphanumeric text values. Because color appearance depends on comparison of neighboring colors (see color vision), many interfaces attempt to clarify the relationships between colors.

## Interface

Color tools can vary in their interface. Some may use sliders, buttons, text boxes for color values, or direct manipulation. Often a two-dimensional square is used to create a range of color values (such as lightness and saturation) that can be clicked on or selected in some other manner. Drag and drop, color droppers, and various other forms of interfaces are commonly used as well.
Usually, color values are also displayed numerically, so they can be precisely remembered and keyed-in later, such as three values of 0-255 representing red, green, and blue, respectively.

### Eyedropper

The eyedropper is a tool present in most color pickers and graphics software that allows a user to read a color at a specific point in an image, or position on a display. This enables the color to be transferred to other applications particularly quickly.

## Working

A color picker has two main parts, first a color slider and second a color canvas. The color slider has a linear or radial gradient of the seven rainbow colors i.e. Violet, Indigo, Blue, Green, Yellow, Orange and Red. It allows you to choose any of the seven primary colors.
The color value chosen from the color slider instantly reflects in the color canvas. The color canvas is a mixture of two linear color gradients. First a linear gradient of the current chosen color and second a linear gradient of the black color. This mixture of color gradients lets you choose a lighter and darker version of the current chosen color from the color slider.
# PBS (disambiguation)

PBS, the Public Broadcasting Service is a nonprofit television service in the US.
PBS may also refer to:

## Broadcasting

* PBS Kids, which broadcasts most of PBS' original children's programs.
* PBS America, UK derivative of PBS
* PBS 106.7FM, a community radio station in Melbourne, Australia
* Pacific Broadcasting System, a Filipino radio network
* Palestine Broadcasting Service (1936–1948), British Mandate for Palestine
* People's Broadcasting Service a Filipino radio network, managed by Bombo Radyo Philippines
* Presidential Broadcast Service, a Filipino government-owned radio network
* Progressive Broadcasting System (early 1950s), a defunct American radio network
* Public Broadcasting Services, Malta
* Thai Public Broadcasting Service, Thai TV station

## Science and technology

* Lead(II) sulfide (PbS), an inorganic compound
* Phosphate-buffered saline, a buffer solution commonly used in biological research
* Polarizing beam splitter, a component in experimental optics
* Polybutylene succinate, a synthetic polyester
* Positive behavior support, a substantiated form of applied behavior analysis
* Primer binding site, a region of a nucleotide sequence
* Sodium perborate (NaH$_2$BO$_4$), a white, odorless, water-soluble chemical compound

### Computing

* Portable Batch System, a computer software that performs job scheduling
* Preferential bidding system, a computer system for employee work-duty bidding
* Proxmox Backup Server, backup solution

## Organizations

* Pacific Bulb Society
* Pakistan Bureau of Statistics
* Parti Bersatu Sabah, a Malaysian political party
* PBS Velká Bíteš, a Czech aircraft engine company
* Pink Boots Society, supporting women working in brewing
* Poetry Book Society, founded in 1953 in the UK
* Public Buildings Service of the US General Services Administration
* Swiss Guide and Scout Movement (German: Pfadibewegung Schweiz)
* Prayer Book Society of Canada
* Prayer Book Society of the USA or PBS USA
* Privatbanen Sønderjylland, a former Danish railway operator

## Other uses

* Positive Black Soul, a Senegalese hip-hop group
* Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme, Australia, subsidizing medicines
* Product breakdown structure, a project-management tool
* Pearls Before Swine (comic strip), an American comic strip.
* Proto-Balto-Slavic, a reconstructed hypothetical proto-language.
* Prune belly syndrome.
# Beggar's Bush, Powys

Beggar's Bush is a hamlet in the community of Pencraig, Powys, Wales, located 55 miles (88 km) from Cardiff and 137 miles (220 km) from London. A round barrow is situated nearby, known as "Beggar’s Bush Barrow" (grid reference SO 2608 6418). The first recorded use of the name dates back to (1698)
# Columbia Central Fire Station

Columbia Central Fire Station, also known as Columbia Fire Department Headquarters and Senate Street Station, is a historic fire station located at Columbia, South Carolina. It was built between 1949 and 1951, and consists of two buildings and a structure. The main building is a two-story, rectangular, brick building in the Moderne / International Style. It has a flat roof and features horizontal bands of windows. The one-story, brick fire truck garage building and the main building were constructed in 1949–1950. The drill tower is a six-story reinforced concrete structure built in 1951. The complex served as the Columbia Fire Department's Headquarters from 1950 until 1995.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.
# Ibbenbüren train collision

On 16 May 2015, a passenger train collided with a tractor and trailer obstructing a level crossing at Ibbenbüren, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Two people were killed and 41 were injured.

## Accident

At 11:31 CEST (09:31 UTC), a WestfalenBahn passenger train travelling from Osnabrück was in collision with a tractor and trailer that were obstructing a level crossing at Ibbenbüren, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It was reported that the tractor and trailer, which contained liquid manure, became stuck on the level crossing. Extensive damage was caused to the front and side of the leading carriage of the train, which was a Stadler FLIRT electric multiple unit. It came to a halt 200 metres (220 yd) past the level crossing. The train was travelling at around 100 kilometres per hour (62 mph) when it collided with the tractor and trailer.
Two people were killed and 41 were injured, six seriously. Most of the injured were treated for shock. One of those killed was a passenger. The train driver was the other fatality. Passengers from the train were taken to a nearby community centre. Following the accident, a substitute bus service was put in place between Bielefeld and Ibbenbüren. The damaged train was removed to a depot at Rheine. The line through Ibbenbüren reopened on 17 May.

## Investigation

The tractor driver may face charges of negligent homicide and causing actual bodily harm by negligence.
# Ramón Astudillo

Benjamín Ramón Astudillo is an Argentine football defender who played for Argentina in the 1934 FIFA World Cup. He also played for Colón de Santa Fe. Astudillo is deceased.
# Jose Zubiri III

José María "Joey" Fernández Zubiri III (born April 30, 1963), commonly known as Jose Ma. Zubiri III or simply Jose Zubiri III, is a Filipino politician. He served as a Member of the House of Representatives of the Philippines, representing the Third District of Bukidnon from 2007 to 2016.

## Biography

Joey Zubiri was born in the City of Manila, Philippines and raised in the province of Bukidnon to a Negrense father Jose Ma. Rubin Zubiri, Jr., Bukidnon's Provincial Governor who hails from Kabankalan, Negros Occidental, and a Bicolana mother Ma. Victoria Fernandez who was raised in Bukidnon. He speaks Cebuano, Tagalog, English, Spanish and his father's native Hiligaynon. His family is of Basque Spanish heritage.
He was preceded in his seat by his brother, Senator Migz Zubiri, and his father, Jose Zubiri, Jr.

## Ancestors

Ancestors of Jose Zubiri III :
# Columbia Hall (Dannebrog, Nebraska)

Columbia Hall, also known as NEHBS #HW04-056, is an historic building located in Dannebrog, Nebraska, United States that was built in 1908. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on July 22, 2005. The building was built by the Danish Brotherhood in America to serve as a meeting hall for the Danish community and the building currently serves as a tourist center and hosts an archive on Danish American history.