# 20 euro note

The twenty euro note (€20) is the third-lowest value euro banknote and has been used since the introduction of the euro (in its cash form) in 2002. The note is used in the 25 countries (and Kosovo) that have it as their sole currency (with 24 legally adopting it), which countries have a total population of about 350 million currently. In July 2024, there were approximately 4,818,000,000 twenty euro banknotes in circulation around the eurozone. It is the second most widely circulated denomination, accounting for 16.3% of the total banknotes. Estimates suggest that the average life of a twenty euro banknote is about two years before it is replaced due to wear.
It is the third-smallest note, measuring 133 x 72 mm with a blue colour scheme. The twenty euro banknotes depict bridges and arches/doorways in Gothic architecture (between the 13th and 14th centuries). The twenty euro note contains several complex security features such as watermarks, invisible ink, holograms and microprinting that document its authenticity.
The design of the Europa series 20 euro banknote was revealed on 24 February 2015 and launched on 25 November 2015.

## History

The euro was founded on 1 January 1999, when it became the currency of over 300 million people in Europe. For the first three years of its existence it was an invisible currency, only used in accountancy. Euro cash was not introduced until 1 January 2002, when it replaced the national banknotes and coins of the countries in eurozone 12, such as the Belgian franc and the Greek drachma.
Slovenia joined the Eurozone in 2007, Cyprus and Malta in 2008, Slovakia in 2009, Estonia in 2011, Latvia in 2014, Lithuania in 2015 and Croatia in 2023.

### The changeover period

The changeover period during which the former currencies' notes and coins were exchanged for those of the euro lasted about two months, going from 1 January 2002 until 28 February 2002. The official date on which the national currencies ceased to be legal tender varied from member state to member state. The earliest date was in Germany, where the mark officially ceased to be legal tender on 31 December 2001, though the exchange period lasted for two months more. Even after the old currencies ceased to be legal tender, they continued to be accepted by national central banks for periods ranging from ten years to forever.

### Changes

Notes printed before November 2003 bear the signature of the first president of the European Central Bank, Wim Duisenberg, who was replaced on 1 November 2003 by Jean-Claude Trichet, whose signature appears on issues from November 2003 to March 2012. Notes issued after March 2012 bear the signature of the third ECB President Mario Draghi.
Until May 2013 there was only one series of euro notes, however a new series, similar to the first one, was planned to be released. The bank notes would be replaced in ascending order. Therefore, the first new note was the five-euro note that has been in circulation since 2 May 2013. Its new design was made public on 10 January 2013 in the Archaeological Museum of Frankfurt (Germany). While broadly similar to the previous notes, minor design changes include an updated map and a hologram of Europa. Moreover, the new notes reflect the expansion of the European Union; the previous issues do not include the members Cyprus and Malta (Cyprus is off the map to the east and Malta was too small to be depicted). It would be the first time in which the Bulgarian Cyrillic alphabet would be used on the banknotes as a result of Bulgaria joining the European Union in 2007. Therefore, the new series of Euro banknotes would include "ЕВРО", which is the Bulgarian spelling for EURO as well as the abbreviation "ЕЦБ" (short for Европейска централна банка in Bulgarian).
The design of the Europa series 20 euro banknote was revealed on 24 February 2015 and launched on 25 November 2015. Banknotes from the first series are legal tender and will always retain their value. They will continue to circulate alongside the Europa series until the remaining stocks have been used up.
From 2020, Christine Lagarde's signature would gradually begin to appear on banknotes entering circulation, becoming the fourth signature to appear on euro banknotes.

## Design

The twenty euro note is the third smallest euro note at 133 millimetres (5.2 in) × 72 millimetres (2.8 in) with a blue colour scheme. All bank notes depict bridges and arches/doorways in a different historical European style; the twenty euro note shows the gothic era (between the 13th and 14th centuries). Although Robert Kalina's original designs were intended to show real monuments, for political reasons the bridge and art are merely hypothetical examples of the architectural era.
Like all euro notes, it contains the denomination, the EU flag, the signature of the president of the ECB and the initials of said bank in different EU languages, a map of Europe, a depiction of EU territories overseas, the stars from the EU flag and thirteen security features as listed below.
The ECB released a game on 5 February 2015 to discover some of the new security features embedded in the new €20 note. The most significant new anti-counterfeit measure is a transparent window, containing a hologram which shows a portrait of Europa and the number 20. The Europa series design of the 20 euro note was officially revealed on 24 February 2015.

### Security features (first series)

As a lower value note, the security features of the twenty euro note are not as high as the other denominations; however, it is protected by:
* A hologram, tilt the note and one should see the hologram image change between the value and a window or doorway, but in the background, one should see rainbow-coloured concentric circles of micro-letters moving from the centre to the edges of the patch.
* The EURion constellation.
* A special printing processes give the euro notes their unique feel.
* A glossy stripe, tilt the note and a glossy stripe showing the value numeral and the euro symbol will appear.
* Watermarks, it appears when the banknote is against the light.
* Raised printing, special methods of printing makes the ink feel raised or thicker in the main image, the lettering and the value numerals on the front of the banknotes. To feel the raised print, run your finger over it or scratch it gently with your fingernail.
* Ultraviolet ink, Under ultraviolet light, the paper itself should not glow, fibres embedded in the paper should appear, and should be coloured red, blue and green, the European Union flag looks green and has orange stars, the ECB President signature turns green, the large stars and small circles on the front glow and the European map, a bridge and the value numeral on the back appear in yellow.
* Microprinting, On numerous areas of the banknotes you can see microprinting, for example, inside the "ΕΥΡΩ" (EURO in Greek characters) on the front. You will need a magnifying glass to see it. The tiny text is sharp, and not blurred.
* A security thread, The security thread is embedded in the banknote paper. Hold the banknote against the light – the thread will appear as a dark stripe. The word "EURO" and the value can be seen in tiny letters on the stripe.
* Perforations, Hold the banknote against the light. You should see perforations in the hologram which will form the € symbol. You should also see small numbers showing the value.
* A matted surface, the note paper is made out of pure cotton, which feels crisp and firm, but not limp or waxy.
* Barcodes.
* A serial number.

### Security features (Europa series)

* Watermark: When the note is held under a normal light source, a portrait of Europa and an electrotype denomination appear on either side.
* Portrait Window: When the note is held against the light, the window in the hologram becomes transparent and reveals a portrait of Europa, which is visible on both sides of the note.
* Portrait Hologram: When the note is tilted, the hologram – the silver-coloured stripe on the right of the note – reveals a portrait of Europa as well as the "€" symbol, the main image and the value of the banknote.
* Emerald Number: When the note is tilted, the number "20" on the bottom left corner of the note displays an effect of the light that moves up and down. The number "20" also changes colour from emerald green to deep blue.
* Security Thread: When the note is held to the light, the security thread appears as a dark line. The "€" symbol and the value of the note can be seen in tiny white lettering in the stripe.
* Microprinting: Some areas of the banknote feature a series of tiny letters. The microprinting can be read with a magnifying glass. The letters are sharp, not blurred.

## Circulation

The European Central Bank is closely monitoring the circulation and stock of the euro coins and banknotes. It is a task of the Eurosystem to ensure an efficient and smooth supply of euro notes and to maintain their integrity throughout the euro area.
In December 2023, there were 4,858,043,996 €20 banknotes in circulation around the Eurozone. for €97,160,879,920.
This is a net number, i.e. the number of banknotes issued by the Eurosystem central banks, without further distinction as to who is holding the currency issued, thus also including the stocks held by credit institutions.
Besides the date of the introduction of the first set to January 2002, the publication of figures is more significant through the maximum number of banknotes raised each year. The number is higher the end of the year.
The figures are as follows (3 Nov 2017):
| Date | Banknotes | € Value | Date | Banknotes | € Value |
| January 2002 | 1,961,761,089 | 39,235,221,780 | December 2008 | 2,617,914,839 | 52,358,296,780 |
| December 2002 | 1,974,764,476 | 39,495,289,520 | December 2009 | 2,690,208,898 | 53,804,177,960 |
| December 2003 | 2,053,751,069 | 41,075,021,380 | December 2010 | 2,751,808,438 | 55,036,168,760 |
| December 2004 | 2,079,431,718 | 41,588,634,360 | December 2011 | 2,853,452,345 | 57,069,046,900 |
| December 2005 | 2,159,677,359 | 43,193,547,180 | December 2012 | 2,988,384,283 | 59,767,685,660 |
| December 2006 | 2,336,568,793 | 46,731,375,860 | December 2013 | 3,088,833,405 | 61,776,668,100 |
| December 2007 | 2,467,676,850 | 49,353,537,000 | December 2014 | 3,233,284,025 | 64,665,680,500 |
In November 2015, a new 'Europe' series was issued.
The first series of notes were issued in conjunction with those for a few weeks in the series 'Europe' until existing stocks are exhausted, then gradually withdrawn from circulation. Both series thus run parallel but the proportion tends inevitably to a sharp decrease in the first series.
| Date | Banknotes | € Value | Series '1' remainder | € Value | Proportion |
| December 2015 | 3,439,563,088 | 68,791,261,760 | 2,814,523,557 | 56,290,471,140 | 81,8% |
| December 2016 | 3,590,492,061 | 71,809,841,220 | 1,336,184,040 | 26,723,680,800 | 37,2% |
| December 2017 | 3,829,512,086 | 76,590,241,720 | 943,462,935 | 18,869,258,700 | 24.6% |
| December 2018 | 4,020,474,877 | 80,409,497,540 | 744,039,941 | 14,880,798,820 | 18.5% |
| December 2019 | 4,190,497,224 | 83,809,944,480 | 624,415,397 | 12,488,307,940 | 14.9% |
| December 2020 | 4,498,520,808 | 89,970,416,160 | 560,639,492 | 11,212,789,840 | 12.5% |
| December 2021 | 4,646,581,743 | 92,931,634,860 | 515,951,168 | 10,319,023,360 | 11.1% |
| December 2022 | 4,805,243,241 | 96,104,864,820 | 464,955,889 | 9,299,117,780 | 9.7% |
| December 2023 | 4,858,043,996 | 97,160,879,920 | 421,546,239 | 8,430,924,780 | 8.7% |
The latest figures provided by the ECB are the following:
| Date | Banknotes | € Value | Series '1' remainder | € Value | Proportion |
| July 2024 | 4,818,431,339 | 96,368,626,780 | 399,084,012 | 7,981,680,240 | 8.3% |

## Legal information

Legally, both the European Central Bank and the central banks of the eurozone countries have the right to issue the seven different euro banknotes. In practice, only the national central banks of the zone physically issue and withdraw euro banknotes. The European Central Bank does not have a cash office and is not involved in any cash operations.

## Tracking

There are several communities of people at European level, an example of which is EuroBillTracker, that, as a hobby, keep track of the euro banknotes that pass through their hands, to record and know where they travel or have travelled. The aim is to record as many notes as possible to know details about their spread, like from where and to where they travel in general, follow it up, like where a bill has been seen in particular, and generate statistics and rankings, for example, in which countries there are more bills. EuroBillTracker has registered over 155 million notes as of May 2016, worth more than €2.897 billion.