OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Shahr-e Kohneh, Quchan

Shahr-e Kohneh (Persian: شهر كهنه) is a city in, and the capital of, Quchan Atiq District of Quchan County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. As a village, it was the capital of Quchan Atiq Rural District until its capital was transferred to the village of Asgarabad.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, Shahr-e Kohneh's population was 3,683 in 930 households, when it was a village in Quchan Atiq Rural District of the Central District. The following census in 2011 counted 3,486 people in 980 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 3,320 people in 1,062 households. It was the most populous village of its rural district.
After the census, the rural district was separated from the district in the formation of Quchan Atiq District, and Shahr-e Kohneh was elevated to the status of a city.
# Overpressure

Overpressure (or blast overpressure) is the pressure caused by a shock wave over and above normal atmospheric pressure. The shock wave may be caused by sonic boom or by explosion, and the resulting overpressure receives particular attention when measuring the effects of nuclear weapons or thermobaric bombs.

## Effects

According to an article in the journal Toxicological Sciences,
   Blast overpressure (BOP), also known as high energy impulse noise, is a damaging outcome of explosive detonations and firing of weapons. Exposure to BOP shock waves alone results in injury predominantly to the hollow organ systems such as auditory, respiratory, and gastrointestinal systems.
An EOD suit worn by bomb disposal experts can protect against the effects of BOP.
| Overpressure psi (kPa; bar) | Effect on buildings and people within |
| 1 (6.9; 0.069) | Window glass shatters Light injuries from fragments occur |
| 2 (14; 0.14) | Moderate damage to houses (windows and doors blown out and severe damage to roofs) People injured by flying glass and debris |
| 3 (21; 0.21) | Residential structures collapse Serious injuries are common, fatalities may occur |
| 5 (34; 0.34) | Most buildings collapse except reinforced concrete buildings Injuries are universal, fatalities are widespread |
| 10 (69; 0.69) | Reinforced concrete buildings severely damaged or demolished Most people are killed |
| 20 (140; 1.4) | Heavily built reinforced concrete buildings are severely damaged or demolished Fatalities approach 100% |
The above table details the effects of overpressure on the human body in a building affected by a blast of overpressure waves, as clarified later in the journal.
   The human body can survive relatively high blast overpressure without experiencing barotrauma. A 5 psi blast overpressure will rupture eardrums in about 1% of subjects, and a 45 psi overpressure will cause eardrum rupture in about 99% of all subjects. The threshold for lung damage occurs at about 15 psi blast overpressure. A 35-45 psi overpressure may cause 1% fatalities, and 55 to 65 psi overpressure may cause 99% fatalities.
According to documents released by the United States Military Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC),
   Human beings have about a 50:50 chance of surviving 500 psi, but will probably be severely injured at 70-100 psi. Exposed eardrums will be ruptured 50% of the time at 15 psi. However, a standing man will be blown away at about 10 f/s velocity by a shock of 25 psi peak pressure.

## Calculation for an enclosed space

Overpressure in an enclosed space is determined using "Weibull's formula":
$\Delta p=22.5\left({m \over V}\right)^{0.72}{\text{bars}}$
where:
* 22.5 is a constant based on experimentation
* $m\,$ = (kilograms) net explosive mass calculated using all explosive materials and their relative effectiveness
* $V\,$ = (cubic meters) volume of given area (primarily used to determine volume within an enclosed space)
# Clap Your Hands (Kungs song)

"Clap Your Hands" is a song by French DJ and record producer Kungs. It was released on 18 February 2022 through Val Productions and The Island Def Jam Music Group. It is a reworking of the 1983 hit single "Happy Song" by Italian band Baby's Gang.

## Certifications

Certifications for "Clap Your Hands" :
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| France (SNEP) | Diamond | 333,333$^‡$ |
| Italy (FIMI) | Platinum | 100,000$^‡$ |
| Poland (ZPAV) | Platinum | 50,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||

## Release history

Release history and formats for "Substitution" :
| Region | Date | Format | Label(s) |
| Various | 18 February 2022 | Digital downloadstreaming | GmbH/ValDef Jam |
# Kikowo, Greater Poland Voivodeship

Kikowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pniewy, within Szamotuły County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) north of Pniewy, 21 km (13 mi) west of Szamotuły, and 49 km (30 mi) north-west of the regional capital Poznań.
# Lynching in Kirvin, Texas

Three Black men were lynched in Kirvin, Texas for allegedly murdering a young girl. According to the United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary it was the 19th of 61 lynchings during 1922 in the United States.

## Background

On May 4, 1922, on the last day of school in Kirvin, Texas, 17-year-old Eula Ausley was on her way home from school when she was grabbed from her horse, sexually assaulted and then horribly mutilated. Her absence was noticed and a search party was sent out. They came across the body and the search party turned into a posse of 1,000 men armed with whatever weapon they had. Eula Ausley's family was in a feud with another family and the local Sheriff Horace Mayo already had two white suspects of that family in custody when the wife of McKinley "Snap" Curry told the Sheriff that he had suspiciously come home with blood on his clothes. The Sheriff changed the course of the investigation and arrested Curry. Under interrogation, he implicated two other men, Johnny Cornish (19) and Mose Jones (46). The three were arrested and held in jail.

## Lynching

At midnight of May 6, the mob forced its way into the prison and dragged the three men out of the jail. The men were tortured on a lot between the old Baptist Church and the Methodist Church in Kirvin. Some reports state that they were castrated but at least two were burned alive. The victims were forced to watch as the others were tied to a plow, had wood stacked around them, doused with gasoline and lit on fire.
One paper reported that Tom Cornish was hanged from a tree.

## Aftermath

The two white men, Claude and Audey Prowell, who were initially arrested, were released and the sheriff released a statement that they were not involved in the murder of Eula Ausley. Author Monte Akers in his book Flames After Midnight: Murder, Vengeance and the Desolation of a Texas Community, concluded that McKinley "Snap" Curry conspired with Claude and Audey Prowell to kill Eula Ausley and that Mose Jones and Johnny Cornish were innocent.
# WBFJ-FM

WBFJ-FM (89.3 MHz) is a radio station licensed in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, broadcasting a Contemporary Christian music format. It signed on September 1, 1994.
# Georges Vanier Catholic School

Georges Vanier Catholic School is an elementary school in the community of Beaverbrook, in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. (Next door is the W. Erskine Johnston Public School.) It has classes from junior kindergarten to grade 6. The school is in the Zone 2 (Kanata) school board district of the Ottawa Catholic School Board.

## History

The school is named after former Canadian Governor General Georges Vanier who died in 1967, the same year the school opened. The school logo has a stylized initial "G" superimposed on the initial "V," with a maple leaf commemorating Canada's Centennial Year of 1967, the year in which the school opened, and a cross in the background. The white background and the red outline of the logo reflect the school colours.
Prior to the school's opening, the students were being housed at Our Lady Of Peace Catholic School in nearby Bells Corners.
Georges Vanier has seen its student population fluctuate over time, often creating the need for up to eight portables on site prior to the formation of another school. Five schools have been constructed to relieve over crowding: St Martin De Porress Catholic School, Holy Redeemer Catholic School, St Gabriels, St James Catholic School and St Anne Catholic School.
The school celebrated its 25th anniversary in 1992

## Principals

* Greg Peddie
* Russ Graham
* Garry Valiquette
* Margaret McGrath
* Andy Groulx
* Bert O’Connor
* Robert Curry
* Marcia Lynch
* Susan Mcarthy
* Heather MacPhee
* Caroline O'Connor
* Aden Semenchuk
# Ĝ

Ĝ or ĝ (G circumflex) is a consonant in Esperanto orthography, representing a voiced postalveolar affricate (either palato-alveolar or retroflex), and is equivalent to a voiced postalveolar affricate /dʒ/ or a voiced retroflex affricate /dʐ/ or a voiced circumflex type pharynvelar consonant.
While Esperanto orthography uses a diacritic for its four postalveolar consonants, as do the Latin-based Slavic alphabets, the base letters are Romano-Germanic. Ĝ is based on the letter g, which has this sound in English and Italian before the vowels i and e (with some exceptions in English), to better preserve the shape of borrowings from those languages (such as ĝenerala from general) than Slavic đ (Serbo-Croatian) or dž would.
Ĝ is the ninth letter in Esperanto orthography. Although it is written as gx and gh respectively in the x-system and h-system workarounds, it is normally written as G with a circumflex: ĝ.

## Uses of Ĝ in other languages

In Haida, a language isolate, the letter ĝ was sometimes used to represent pharyngeal voiced fricative /ʕ/.
In Aleut, an Eskaleut language, ĝ represents a voiced uvular fricative /ʁ/. The corresponding voiceless Aleut sound is represented by x̂.
In Dutch, the letter ĝ is used in some phrase books and dictionaries for pronunciation help. It represents a plosive [ɡ], because g is pronounced as a fricative /ɣ/ in Dutch.
In some transcriptions of Sumerian, ĝ is used to represent the velar nasal /ŋ/.

## Character mappings

Character information :
| Preview | Ĝ | Ĝ | ĝ | ĝ |
| Unicode name | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH CIRCUMFLEX | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH CIRCUMFLEX | LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH CIRCUMFLEX | LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH CIRCUMFLEX |
| Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex |
| Unicode | 284 | U+011C | 285 | U+011D |
| UTF-8 | 196 156 | C4 9C | 196 157 | C4 9D |
| Numeric character reference | &#284; | &#x11C; | &#285; | &#x11D; |
| Named character reference | &Gcirc; | &Gcirc; | &gcirc; | &gcirc; |
# 1517 in literature

Events from the year 1517 in literature.

## Events

* August 6 – Belarusian printer Francysk Skaryna in Prague begins publishing The Psalter, a Bible translation into the Ruthenian language.
* unknown dates
** John of Hauville's Architrenius (c. 1184), a widely read Latin poem in 4,361 hexameters in nine books, is first printed by Jodocus Badius in Paris.
** Niccolò Machiavelli writes L'asino and (at about this date) the comedy Andria, adapted from Terence.

## New books
### Prose

* Martin Luther – Ninety-five Theses (in Latin: Disputatio pro declaratione virtutis indulgentiarum)

### Drama

* Gil Vicente – A Trilogia das Barcas; part 1, Auto da Barca do Inferno

### Poetry

* Teofilo Folengo (as "Merlin Cocaio") – Opus Maccaronicum, including "Baldo" (satiric verses blending Latin and Italian dialects in hexameters)
* John Skelton – The Tunnynge of Elynour Rummyng

## Births

* June 29 – Rembert Dodoens, Flemish botanist (died 1585)
* July 25 – Jacques Pelletier du Mans, French humanist poet and mathematician (died 1582)
* unknown date – Robert Crowley, English printer, poet, polemicist and Protestant clergyman (died 1588)
* probable – Henry Howard, English nobleman and poet (died 1547)

## Deaths

* June 19 – Luca Pacioli, Italian mathematician, second person to publish a work on the double-entry system of book-keeping (born c.1447)
* August – Andrea Ammonio, Italian, Latin-language poet (sweating sickness; born 1478)
# Grubenwald railway station

Grubenwald railway station (German: Bahnhof Grubenwald) is a railway station in the municipality of Zweisimmen, in the Swiss canton of Bern. It is an intermediate stop on the Spiez–Zweisimmen line and is served as a request stop by local trains only.

## Services

The following services stop at Grubenwald:
* Regio: late-night service to Zweisimmen and Spiez.
# Kleszczewo, Leszno County

Kleszczewo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Osieczna, within Leszno County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.
# Kjell Peersman

Kjell Peersman (born 21 May 2004) is a Belgian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Belgian Challenger Pro League side Lierse on loan from Eredivisie club PSV.

## Career

Peersman began playing football at Westerlo, and moved to the youth academy of PSV in 2014. On 22 June 2020, he signed his first professional contract at PSV until 2023. He was promoted to the Jong PSV for the 2021–22 season, although a knee injury ruled him until the second half of the season. He debuted with Jong PSV in a 5–1 Eerste Divisie win over Almere City FC on 10 January 2022.
On 3 September 2024, Peersman moved on a season-long loan to Lierse.

## Personal life

Peersman is the son of the retired Belgium international goalkeeper Tristan Peersman.

## Career statistics

    As of match played 12 April 2024
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | KNVB Cup | KNVB Cup | Europe | Europe | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Jong PSV | 2020–21 | Eerste Divisie | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 |
| Jong PSV | 2021–22 | Eerste Divisie | 8 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 8 | 0 |
| Jong PSV | 2022–23 | Eerste Divisie | 18 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 18 | 0 |
| Jong PSV | 2023–24 | Eerste Divisie | 8 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 8 | 0 |
| Jong PSV | Total | Total | 34 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 34 | 0 |
| PSV Eindhoven | 2021–22 | Eredivisie | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| PSV Eindhoven | 2022–23 | Eredivisie | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| PSV Eindhoven | Total | Total | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 34 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 34 | 0 |
# Al Had district

Al Had District is a district of the Lahij Governorate, Yemen. As of 2003, the district had a population of 53,159 inhabitants.
# 1525 in literature

This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1525.

## Events

* July – Michelangelo is in the process of working on the Laurentian Library in Florence.
* September – William Tyndale's New Testament translation into English is made, but printing in Cologne is interrupted by anti-Lutheran forces. (Copies reach England in 1526.)
* unknown dates
** Printing of Huldrych Zwingli's New Testament 'Zürich Bible' translation into German by Christoph Froschauer begins.
** Il Petrarco, Allesandro Vellutello's edition of Petrarch first appears. It will be reprinted 29 times in this century.
** The anonymous early 14th-century poem King Alexander is first printed.

## New books
### Prose

* Pietro Bembo – Prose nelle quali si ragiona della volgar lingua (Prose della volgar lingua)
* Albrecht Dürer – Underweysung der Messung mit dem Zirckel und Richtscheyt (literally, "Instructions for Measuring with Compass and Ruler"; also known as The Four Books on Measurement or The Painter's Manual)
* Francesco Giorgi – De harmonia mundi totius
* Martin Luther – On the Bondage of the Will (De Servo Arbitrio)
* Paracelsus – De septem puncti idolotriae christianae (On the Seven Points of Christian Idolatry)
* Antonio Pigafetta – Relazione del primo viaggio intorno al mondo (Report on the First Voyage Around the World; partial publication in Paris)
* The Twelve Articles: The Just and Fundamental Articles of All the Peasantry and Tenants of Spiritual and Temporal Powers by Whom They Think Themselves Oppressed

### Drama

* Niklaus Manuel Deutsch I – Der Ablasskrämer
* Niccolò Machiavelli – Clizia

### Poetry
## Births

* March 25 – Richard Edwardes, English choral singer, poet and playwright (died 1566)
* Pir Roshan (بايزيد انصاري), Pashtun warrior poet (died 1582/5)
* Jan van Casembroot, Flemish noble and poet (died 1568)
* probable – Hans Wilhelm Kirchhof, German Landsknecht, baroque poet and translator (died c.1602)

## Deaths

* May 27 – Thomas Müntzer, German Protestant theologian, radical economist and poet (born c.1489) (executed)
* approximate year – Jean Lemaire de Belges, Walloon poet and historian resident in France (born c.1473)
# Carlos Cardús

Carlos Cardús Carrió (born 26 September 1959 in Barcelona) is a former Grand Prix motorcycle road racer.
Cardús had his best year in 1990 when he won four races and finished second in the 250cc world championship to John Kocinski in a close battle that went down to the last race of the season. In the last race of the year at Phillip Island in Australia, Cardús only needed to finish in second place behind Kocinski to win the world championship, however, his gear shift lever broke and he lost the title. He competed in the World Superbike Championship in 1994.
Carlos is the uncle of Ricard Cardús.

## Motorcycle Grand Prix Results

Points system from 1969 to 1987:
| Position | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
| Points | 15 | 12 | 10 | 8 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
Points system from 1988 to 1992:
| Position | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 |
| Points | 20 | 17 | 15 | 13 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)
| Year | Class | Team | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | Points | Rank | Wins |
| 1983 | 250cc | Cobas-Rotax | RSA NC | FRA 21 | NAT - | GER 11 | ESP 9 | AUT - | YUG - | NED 16 | BEL NC | GBR 11 | SWE NC | | | | | 2 | 28th | 0 |
| 1984 | 250cc | JJ Cobas | RSA - | NAT NC | ESP NC | AUT - | GER - | FRA 7 | YUG NC | NED - | BEL 11 | GBR NC | SWE NC | RSM NC | | | | 4 | 25th | 0 |
| 1985 | 250cc | JJ Cobas | RSA 6 | ESP NC | GER 5 | NAT NC | AUT NC | YUG NC | NED NC | BEL 5 | FRA NC | GBR NC | SWE NC | RSM 7 | | | | 21 | 12th | 0 |
| 1986 | 250cc | Campsa Honda | ESP NC | NAT NC | GER 13 | AUT NC | YUG 5 | NED NC | BEL 6 | FRA 17 | GBR 5 | SWE 19 | RSM NC | | | | | 17 | 12th | 0 |
| 1987 | 250cc | Campsa Honda | JPN NC | ESP - | GER 4 | NAT 7 | AUT 5 | YUG NC | NED 4 | FRA 3 | GBR 8 | SWE 6 | CZE 3 | RSM NC | POR NC | BRA 3 | ARG 5 | 70 | 5th | 0 |
| 1988 | 250cc | Ducados Honda | JPN 9 | USA NC | ESP NC | EXP - | NAT - | GER - | AUT NC | NED 12 | BEL 7 | YUG 8 | FRA 8 | GBR 12 | SWE 5 | CZE 5 | BRA 7 | 71 | 9th | 0 |
| 1989 | 250cc | Repsol Honda | JPN 8 | AUS 7 | USA 5 | ESP 5 | NAT 4 | GER 6 | AUT 6 | YUG 6 | NED 4 | BEL 3 | FRA 1 | GBR NC | SWE 4 | CZE 8 | BRA 5 | 162 | 4th | 1 |
| 1990 | 250cc | Repsol Honda | JPN 2 | USA 6 | ESP 4 | NAT 4 | GER 2 | AUT NC | YUG 1 | NED 2 | BEL 3 | FRA 1 | GBR 5 | SWE 1 | CZE 1 | HUN 3 | AUS NC | 208 | 2nd | 4 |
| 1991 | 250cc | Repsol Honda | JPN 2 | AUS 3 | USA 4 | ESP 6 | ITA 6 | GER 2 | AUT 2 | EUR 3 | NED 5 | FRA 3 | GBR 2 | RSM 2 | CZE 2 | VDM 2 | MAL 2 | 205 | 3rd | 0 |
| 1992 | 250cc | Repsol Honda | JPN NC | AUS 2 | MAL 4 | ESP 5 | ITA 7 | EUR NC | GER - | NED - | HUN DNS | FRA 5 | GBR 8 | BRA - | RSA - | | | 48 | 8th | 0 |
| 1993 | 250cc | Honda | AUS 6 | MAL 18 | JPN NC | ESP - | AUT - | GER 9 | NED NC | EUR 6 | RSM - | GBR - | CZE - | ITA - | USA - | FIM - | | 27 | 18th | 0 |
# Dheer Charan Srivastav

Dheer Charan Srivastav also known as D. C. Srivastav (born 9 August 1967), is an Indian character actor, comedian and dialogue writer from Hyderabad, Telangana, who mostly appears in Hyderabad Deccani Urdu, Telugu and Hindi Films. He is most notable for his role as Ismail Bhai in comedy films, The Angrez (2006), Hyderabad Nawabs (2006) and Hungama in Dubai (2007). He is also known for his Hyderabadi dialect humor.

## Early life and education

Srivastav was born and brought up in Hyderabad. He grew up at Himaytnagar locality, and studied at Daffodils School, where his mother Pushpa Srivastav taught Hindi. He completed his intermediate from St. Anthony's High School, Hyderabad in 1985. Later he graduated from Osmania University in 1995.

## Career

Prior to films, he was a Network Techno Marketing Manager in Hyderabad. He is quite adept in comedy and character roles. He holds the Best Hyderabadi Deccani Urdu Comedian Award for acting in The Angrez. He acted in Bollywood movie with the Indian Film Director Ram Gopal Varma's (RGV) Department.

## Filmography
### As actor

* Note that Hindi may refer to the Deccani film industry.
| Year | Film | Role | Language |
| 2005 | The Angrez | Ismail Bhai | Hindi |
| 2006 | Hyderabad Nawaabs | Hanif Bhai | Hindi |
| 2007 | Stalemate..Its your name | Father | Hindi |
| 2007 | Hungama in Dubai | Nawaab Saab | Hindi |
| 2009 | Manorama | Anna | Telugu |
| 2009 | Sontha Ooru | Mechanic | Telugu |
| 2010 | Golimaar | Pimp | Telugu |
| 2011 | Ayyappa Sakshi | Village man | Telugu |
| 2011 | Inki toh Aisi Ki Tasi | Sheik Chilli | Hindi |
| 2012 | Department | Shukla | Hindi |
| 2012 | Login | Medical Shop Owner | Hindi |
| 2013 | Himmatwala | Village Man | Hindi |
| 2013 | Paisa Potti Problem | Chunnu Bhai | Hindi |
| 2013 | Do Nawab Hyderabad ke | Pasha Bhai | Hindi |
| 2014 | Anaamika | Hotel Manager | Telugu |
| 2014 | Paisa | Prakash's friend | Telugu |
| 2015 | The Angrez 2 | Ismail Bhai | Hindi |
| 2015 | Gangs Of Hyderabad | Ismail Bhai | Hindi |
| 2016 | Sardaar Gabbar Singh | Hakeem | Telugu |
| 2016 | Tiger Sultan | Faizal | Hindi |
| 2017 | 127B | Chand Miyan Ittarwala | Hindi |
| 2019 | Mallesham | Abdul | Telugu |
| 2024 | Zebra | | Telugu |
# Nuphar oguraensis

Nuphar oguraensis is a species of rhizomatous aquatic plant endemic to Japan.

## Description
### Vegetative characteristics

The petiolate, green, ovate floating leaves are 7.5-11.5 cm long, and 6-9 cm wide. The petiole is 1-3 mm wide. The petiole is semi-hollow.

### Generative characteristics

The flowers are 1.7-2.5 cm wide. The 2.5-3 cm long, and 1.5-2 cm wide fruit bears brown, 3.5-4 mm long, and 2.5 mm wide seeds.

## Reproduction
### Generative reproduction

Flowering occurs from June to October.

## Taxonomy
### Publication

It was first described by Shigeru Miki in 1934.

### Type specimen

The lectotype is an illustration of this species in the original publication by Shigeru Miki.

### Natural hybridisation

It has been speculated to be of hybrid origin involving Nuphar pumila and Nuphar japonica.

## Conservation

It is threatened by urbanisation and land development. It is regarded as a vulnerable species.

## Ecology
### Habitat

It occurs in rivers, lakes, ponds, and ditches.