OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mihail Cerchez

Mihail Cerchez Cristodulo (8 June 1839 – 12 July 1885) was a Romanian general who fought at the Siege of Plevna and the battles of Smârdan [ro] and Vidin during the Romanian War of Independence.

## Biography

Descended from an old Armenian family, he was born in Bârlad and studied at the Academia Mihăileană in Iași. He volunteered into the army as a cadet in 1855, and rose rapidly through the ranks: sergeant in 1856, second lieutenant in 1857, lieutenant in 1858, captain in 1860, and major in 1863. Promoted to lieutenant colonel in 1867 and colonel in 1870, Cerchez served in the Romanian Army during the Romanian War of Independence (1877–1878). At the start of the war, he was commander of the 2nd and 1st Infantry Divisions of the Danube defense, which protected the rear of the armed forces fighting on the front, in Bulgaria. Later, as head of the Reserve Division, he was instrumental in surrounding the Ottomans at the Siege of Plevna and the battles of Smârdan and Vidin. On 6 September 1877, Cerchez took charge of the Operative Army. On November 28, 1877, when Osman Pasha tried to break the siege, the Romanian troops under his command thwarted the attempt. Overwhelmed, stuck in the middle of enemy troops, the Turkish general had to admit defeat. Cerchez gained fame for being the officer to whom Osman Pasha surrendered and gave his sword that day at Plevna, saying, "Together with my army I surrender myself into the hands of the young and brave Romanian Army."
Cerchez retired from active service in 1882 and died in Iași three years later. He is buried in the city's Eternitatea Cemetery, next to World War II General Radu Korne.

## Legacy

The 85th Logistics Support Battalion for the 8th Mixed Artillery Brigade was named General Mihail Cerchez. Streets in Craiova and in Sector 4 of Bucharest also bear his name.
As a gratitude for his efforts toward the independence of Bulgaria, the Bulgarian people built a bust of him in the Romanian Soldier Mausoleum at Grivitsa.
# Gennes, Maine-et-Loire

Gennes is a former commune in the Maine-et-Loire department in western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Gennes-Val-de-Loire.

## History

Gennes was the scene of a World War II battle in June 1940, during the Battle of Saumur during the last stages of the Battle of France. The French casualties, seventeen Cadets of the Cadre Noir Saumur Cavalry school, killed between 17 and 20 June 1940, are buried in the enclosure of the 11th century Saint-Eusèbe church built over an ancient Gallo-Roman sanctuary, on a hilltop overlooking the scene of their sacrifice.
The castle of Milly-le-Meugon, in its vicinity, was the property of the Maillé-Brézé family, closely related to the French royal family through the First Prince of the Blood, Louis de Bourbon, Prince of Condé.
# Dębno, Piła County

Dębno is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łobżenica, within Piła County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) south-east of Łobżenica, 45 km (28 mi) east of Piła, and 98 km (61 mi) north of the regional capital Poznań.
# Dębogóra, Poznań County

Dębogóra is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Czerwonak, within Poznań County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) east of Czerwonak and 15 km (9 mi) north-east of the regional capital Poznań. It has about 100 inhabitants. The village was the birthplace of the officer of the Polish Army Jan Mikołajewski.
# Dębowiec, Konin County

Dębowiec is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wierzbinek, within Konin County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.
# Dębsko, Kalisz County

Dębsko is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Koźminek, within Kalisz County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north-east of Koźminek, 21 km (13 mi) east of Kalisz, and 119 km (74 mi) south-east of the regional capital Poznań.
# Dębówko Stare

Dębówko Stare is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Białośliwie, within Piła County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) north-east of Białośliwie, 29 km (18 mi) east of Piła, and 84 km (52 mi) north of the regional capital Poznań.
# Dębłowo

Dębłowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Mieleszyn, within Gniezno County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.
Polish politician Wojciech Trąmpczyński was born here.
# Dłoń, Greater Poland Voivodeship

Dłoń is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Miejska Górka, within Rawicz County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) north-east of Miejska Górka, 17 km (11 mi) north-east of Rawicz, and 81 km (50 mi) south of the regional capital Poznań.
# Faveraye-Mâchelles

Faveraye-Mâchelles (French pronunciation: ) is a former commune in the Maine-et-Loire department in western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Bellevigne-en-Layon.

## Geography

The commune is traversed by the river Layon.
# La Ferrière-de-Flée

La Ferrière-de-Flée (French pronunciation: ) is a former commune in the Maine-et-Loire department in western France. On 15 December 2016, it was merged into the new commune Segré-en-Anjou Bleu.
# Dłużyna, Greater Poland Voivodeship

Dłużyna is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Włoszakowice, within Leszno County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) north of Włoszakowice, 19 km (12 mi) north-west of Leszno, and 61 km (38 mi) south-west of the regional capital Poznań.
# Elżbiecin, Greater Poland Voivodeship

Elżbiecin is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lubasz, within Czarnków-Trzcianka County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.
# Falmierowo

Falmierowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wyrzysk, within Piła County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north-west of Wyrzysk, 34 km (21 mi) east of Piła, and 92 km (57 mi) north of the regional capital Poznań.
# Democratic Socialist Party (Guinea-Bissau)

The Democratic Socialist Party (Portuguese: Partido Democrático Socialista) was a political party in Guinea-Bissau.

## History

The party first contested national elections in 2004, when it ran in the parliamentary elections that year. It received 2% of the vote, but failed to win a seat. In the 2008 elections its vote share fell to 0.4% and it remained without representation in the National People's Assembly.
# Felicjanów, Turek County

Felicjanów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Władysławów, within Turek County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 1 kilometre (1 mi) south-west of Władysławów, 10 km (6 mi) north of Turek, and 111 km (69 mi) east of the regional capital Poznań.
# Fiałkowo

Fiałkowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dopiewo, within Poznań County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) north-west of Dopiewo and 18 km (11 mi) west of the regional capital Poznań.
# London Cycling Campaign

The London Cycling Campaign (LCC) is an independent membership charity lobbying for better conditions for cycling in London. Its vision is to make London "a world-class cycling city". It is one of the largest urban cycling organisations in the world, with over 11,000 members.

## Activities

LCC was formed in 1978, through the merger of several London-based pro-cycling groups, some supported by Friends of the Earth. The organisation was officially founded on 28 September 1978 at Ye Olde Cheshire Cheese public house on Fleet Street, and its first offices were at 40 James Street, London W1.
The organisation has grown steadily in membership and staffing over the years, and now employs 15 people to promote cycling, lobby government at all levels, and support its members. In 2006, the organisation became a charity to take advantage of more favourable tax conditions. Its head office is now located at Unit 201 Metropolitan Wharf, 70 Wapping Wall, London E1W 3SS.
LCC is not allied to any political party, but works with other organisations and individuals campaigning for more enlightened use of public space in the capital — such as Living Streets, CTC, Sustrans and RoadPeace.
The majority of LCC's funding comes from membership subscriptions and charitable grants.
LCC publishes a magazine for its 11,000 members, called the London Cyclist. The publication was originally called the Daily Cyclist, the name being a light-hearted parody of British newspapers. The magazine serves to keep members in touch with the organisation's campaigns, and is also sent to many decision-makers in the capital.
A number of independent cycling clubs affiliate to the London Cycling campaign which gives them the chance to support LCC's work and improve cycling for everyone in London, including London Clarion Cycling Club, London Dynamo and Islington Cycling Club.

## Campaigns

Current campaigns include:
* More cycle-friendly streets through the use of cycle lanes and traffic-calming
* Reducing the danger to cyclists from lorries or heavy goods vehicles
* Better cycle parking in and around workplaces, residences, town centres and public buildings
* More carriage of cycles on public transport, including railways, London Underground and buses
* Improving cycling access to London's parks and canal towpaths
* Reducing the problem of bike theft in Greater London
* Improving access to cycling for people of all abilities
LCC campaigns are backed up by a network of local LCC member groups at the London borough level. Local LCC groups liaise with their local Borough Council, relevant Transport for London Streets Management section, Sustrans and other statutory and non-statutory authorities to comment on local plans and developments that affect cyclists, pedestrians and the local environment.

## Borough groups

There is a local group for each London borough. Groups also organise cycle rides and other social events.
# Fijałów

Fijałów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kobylin, within Krotoszyn County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) north-east of Kobylin, 13 km (8 mi) north-west of Krotoszyn, and 78 km (48 mi) south of the regional capital Poznań.
# Socialist Alliance of Guinea

The Alliance of Patriotic Forces (Portuguese: Aliança Socialista da Guiné, APG) was a political party in Guinea-Bissau.

## History

The party was established by Fernando Gomes in 2000. In 2004 it joined the United People's Alliance in order to contest the March 2004 parliamentary elections. The Alliance received 1.36% of the vote and won a single seat, taken by Gomes.
The United People's Alliance was dissolved by the end of 2004, and Gomes left the APG to join the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde.
The ASG supported the 2012 military coup.
# Günter Bartusch

Günter Bartusch (April 13, 1943 – July 8, 1971) was a Grand Prix motorcycle road racer from the former East Germany. His best year was in 1970 when he rode for the MZ factory racing team to finish the season in eighth place in the 350cc world championship. Bartusch was killed during practice for the 1971 East German Grand Prix at the Sachsenring.
# David Kratochvíl

David Kratochvíl (born 23 October 2007) is a Czech paralympic swimmer. He represented the Czech Republic at the 2024 Summer Paralympics.

## Career

Kratochvíl represented the Czech Republic at the 2023 World Para Swimming Championships and won a gold medal in the 400 metre freestyle S11 event.
Kratochvíl represented the Czech Republic at the 2024 Summer Paralympics and won a gold medal in the 400 metre freestyle S11 event.

## Personal life

Kratochvíl lives in Halže.
# KIYU-FM

KIYU-FM is a Public Radio formatted broadcast radio station licensed to Galena, Alaska, serving the Alaska Bush. KIYU is owned and operated by Big River Public Broadcasting Corporation.
KIYU had originally broadcast on AM at 910 kHz, but the license for the AM station was surrendered on May 4, 2020. The FM station began broadcasting in 2008, and remains on the air.

## Rebroadcasters

In addition to the main station, KIYU is relayed on 10 full-power FM repeaters to widen its broadcast area. KIYU programming is also simulcast on KRFF in Fairbanks, weekday afternoons.
| Call sign | Frequency | City of license | FID | ERP (W) | HAAT | Class | Transmitter coordinates | FCC info |
| KALG | 98.1 FM | Kaltag, Alaska | 178864 | 100 Watts | −77 m (−253 ft) | D | 64°19′40″N 158°43′36″W﻿ / ﻿64.32778°N 158.72667°W﻿ / 64.32778; -158.72667 | LMS |
| KAMN | 98.1 FM | Iliamna, Alaska | 180624 | 100 Watts | −47 m (−154 ft) | D | 59°45′17″N 154°52′15″W﻿ / ﻿59.75472°N 154.87083°W﻿ / 59.75472; -154.87083 | LMS |
| KHUS | 98.1 FM | Huslia, Alaska | 178866 | 36 Watts | 57 m (187 ft) | D | 65°41′48″N 156°21′52″W﻿ / ﻿65.69667°N 156.36444°W﻿ / 65.69667; -156.36444 | LMS |
| KHUU | 97.1 FM | Hughes, Alaska | 199395 | 87 Watts | −164 m (−538 ft) | D | 66°2′50″N 154°15′20″W﻿ / ﻿66.04722°N 154.25556°W﻿ / 66.04722; -154.25556 | LMS |
| KKET | 95.9 FM | Allakaket, Alaska | 199490 | 99 Watts | −44.4 m (−146 ft) | D | 66°33′53″N 152°38′38″W﻿ / ﻿66.56472°N 152.64389°W﻿ / 66.56472; -152.64389 | LMS |
| KNUL | 99.1 FM | Nulato, Alaska | 178863 | 100 Watts | 5 m (16 ft) | D | 64°43′59″N 158°6′25″W﻿ / ﻿64.73306°N 158.10694°W﻿ / 64.73306; -158.10694 | LMS |
| KOYU | 98.1 FM | Koyukuk, Alaska | 178865 | 100 Watts | −7 m (−23 ft) | D | 64°52′58″N 157°42′10″W﻿ / ﻿64.88278°N 157.70278°W﻿ / 64.88278; -157.70278 | LMS |
| KRBY | 98.1 FM | Ruby, Alaska | 178862 | 100 Watts | −21 m (−69 ft) | D | 64°44′20″N 155°28′48″W﻿ / ﻿64.73889°N 155.48000°W﻿ / 64.73889; -155.48000 | LMS |
| KSYU | 98.1 FM | Saint Marys, Alaska | 180724 | 53 Watts | 40 m (131 ft) | D | 62°3′11.0″N 163°10′40.2″W﻿ / ﻿62.053056°N 163.177833°W﻿ / 62.053056; -163.177833 | LMS |
| KTYU | 99.1 FM | Tanana, Alaska | 197861 | 7 Watts | 108.8 m (357 ft) | D | 65°10′52.6″N 151°59′4.1″W﻿ / ﻿65.181278°N 151.984472°W﻿ / 65.181278; -151.984472 | LMS |
# Peter Vander Pyl

Peter Vander Pyl (9 November 1933 – 25 April 2019) was a Canadian field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1964 Summer Olympics.
# Renato Mizoguchi

Renato Hiromi Gimenez Mizoguchi (Japanese: レナト ひろみ ぎめね 溝口, born September 27 1975 in Bauru, São Paulo) is a Brazilian luger who competed from 2001 to 2005. He is best known for his severe injuries suffered during the homologation process of Cesana Pariol, the bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton track for the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, in January 2005. Mizoguchi's injuries led to a donation set up by the International Luge Federation (FIL) in Germany to pay for his expenses and also to track modifications after discussion both by the FIL and the International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation during 2005 with approval finally reached in October of that year.
At the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, he finished 46th in the men's singles event. Mizoguchi finished 40th in the same event at the 2004 FIL World Luge Championships in Nagano. His best Luge World Cup finish was 50th in men's singles in 2004-5.

## Personal life

Mizoguchi was raised in a Brazilian-Japanese family in the Brazilian state of São Paulo. Following his crash, he was placed in a coma in January 2005, awaking from his coma three weeks later. He was discharged in March 2005. In October 2007, he married his longtime girlfriend from Japan in Tokyo.
# Archaeological Museum of Cherchell

The Archaeological Museum of Cherchell is an archaeological museum located in the center of the seaport town of Cherchell in Tipaza Province, Algeria.

## Characteristics

The Cherchell Museum houses what are widely considered to be some of the best examples of Roman and Greek antiquities on the African continent. Cherchell was called Caesarea of Mauretania during the Roman Empire, and was the rich capital of Roman Mauretania Caesariensis. Many artifacts from these various periods of Cherchell's former history have been uncovered by archaeologists, a large number of which are on display in the Cherchell Archaeological Museum.
Exhibits include works by Byzantine silversmiths, such as ornately decorated patera (vessels used for drinking), as well as intricately designed mosaics. It was during the Roman reign over Mauritania in 25 BC, under the leadership of Juba II, that a theater, library and other buildings were established in Cherchell (Caesarea).
Juba II also gathered an impressive collection of artworks, particularly marble sculptures, some of which have landed up in museums in other parts of the world, but excellent examples are to be found in Cherchell Museum, along with a sculpture of the head of his wife, Cleopatra Selene II. Partial ruins of the Roman theater, Roman baths, and Civile Basilica are found on the outskirts of Cherchell.
# Ali Haider Khan

Nawab Ali Haider Khan (11 February 1896 – 30 June 1963) was a Bengali noble and politician.

## Early life and family

Khan was born on 11 February 1896 to an royal Bengali Shia family known as the Nawabs of Longla based in the village of Prithimpassa in South Sylhet (then under the North-East Frontier province of the British Raj). The royal family are descended from Sakhi Salamat, a Persian nobleman from Greater Khorasan, who settled in Prithimpassa after being granted land there by the Lodi sultans of Delhi in the 15th century. Khan's father, Nawab Ali Amjad Khan, was an honorary magistrate by occupation. His mother, Syeda Fatima Banu, was the daughter of Syed Aminuddin Hasan of Narpati West Haveli in Chunarughat, Habiganj and a descendant of Syed Nasiruddin.

## Career

The Assam Legislative Assembly was founded in 1937, and Khan won a seat in its first elections in the South Sylhet (East) constituency. Khan served as Assam's Minister of Agriculture in the cabinet of Sir Muhammed Saadulah. From 1942 to 1946, he was the Minister of Power and Water Development in Gopinath Bordoloi's cabinet. He was also the leader of the Independent Muslim Party. In 1945, he led his party into an alliance with Assam Congress and its coalition partners which included the likes of Bordoloi and Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed (who later became the President of India). Bordoloi considered Khan as their mainstay.
In 1950, he hosted King Mohammad Reza Pahlavi of Iran and Governor-General Khwaja Nazimuddin at his estate for four days and went hunting with them.

## Personal life

In 1917, he married Nawabzadi Husna Ara Begum, the eldest child of Nawab Wasif Ali Mirza of Murshidabad. They had three children - Ali Safdar Khan, Syedunnessa Begum and Ali Sarwar Khan. He also had a son named Ali Dawar Khan.

## Death

Khan died on 30 June 1963, in the village of Prithimpassa.
| Preceded byAli Amjad Khan | Nawab of Longla 1905-1963 | Succeeded byAli Safdar Khan |
# Picaleña (Ibagué)

Picaleña is an area of the city of Ibagué, Colombia, about 10 kilometres from the city centre where the Tolima Museum of the Plastic Arts (Museo de Artes Plasticas del Tolima) is located. It is one of the largest residential areas of the city.

## History

Soon after the city's founding on June 25, 1550 by Andrés López de Galarza y Francisco de Trejo at the present site of the town of Cajamarca, the city was moved 100 mi away to its current location due to constant attacks from the indigenous Pijao people, who were the native inhabitants of the region. This was the situation until the Pijao were exterminated during the Spanish conquest to secure the gold routes to the Magdalena river.
In 1650, the rapid expansion of Ibagué, at that time a small community of about 5000 people, forced the Spanish administration to allocate more land to incoming people from Spain. The solution was to clear open grassland to build a residential area that could not only be settled by the poor and homeless, but could also increase the status of the city and persuade wealthier people to move there. The result was a 100 mi area that was distributed among a massive number of people that flooded the city. However, there were many inconveniences as the town could not offer enough resources to supply the high demand; as a result, the project was aborted just three years later.
The name Picaleña was taken from a word in the Pijao language which meaning "progress".

## Demography

This residential area is the home of about 100,000 people and currently covers an area equivalent to the city centre of Ibagué.
# Burn Rubber (Why You Wanna Hurt Me)

"Burn Rubber (Why You Wanna Hurt Me)" is a song originally performed by The Gap Band in 1980 and written by member Charlie Wilson, Rudy Taylor, and producer Lonnie Simmons.

## Background

According to engineer Jack Rouben, the foundation of the song started with its bassline: "[The track] was a musical idea that Charlie came up with on the Minimoog that turned into a groove, then a completed arrangement, and then they put the lyrics at the very end...This song was built upon that one repeating bass track, and that was the jam that blossomed into a whole complete song." Rouben also remarked how the title for this song, along with many other hits by the band, was a phrase coined by co-writer Rudy Taylor.

## Chart performance

In 1981, it peaked at number 84 on the Billboard Hot 100, number 90 on Cash Box and number 1 on the R&B charts.Billboard magazine ranked it as the 12th biggest R&B single of 1981. A later single released, featuring "Humpin'" on the B-side, scored a number 19 appearance on the dance charts.

## Inspiration

On June 30, 2021, Dave Grohl said that the drumming on "Smells Like Teen Spirit" was ripped off from the drum intro of "Burn Rubber on Me".
# David Spindler

David Spindler is an independent American scholar and an authority on the Great Wall of China. Writing in The New Yorker in 2007, Peter Hessler called him "a leading expert on the Wall’s history and construction." He has made more than 400 trips to the Wall. Spindler's research focuses on the Ming Dynasty, and specifically how the Wall was used at that time in response to China's northern neighbors, the Mongols, who had conquered China once and might do again.
He attended Dartmouth College and Harvard Law School, studied as a graduate student at Peking University, and spent two years as a consultant at McKinsey & Company.

## Contributions

In 2010, his research paper "A Twice-Scorned Mongol Woman, the Raid of 1576, and the Building of the Brick Great Wall." was published in the journal Ming Studies, made available online in 2013.
In a review of recent work in the field, the scholar Arthur Waldron explained that Spindler resisted explanations that the Ming was "too weak to fight and too proud to talk," and so the rulers relied on walls that failed to protect them. He likewise resisted the symbolic explanation that the wall represented either xenophobia or chauvinism. Spindler held that in fact the Ming strategy was practical and flexible, using walls where they could be effective, such as around the capital. Waldron, however, adds that Spindler does not deal with the various roles that the wall played over the centuries as China changed.
# Jahliyan Rural District

Jahliyan Rural District (Persian: دهستان جهليان) is in the Central District of Konarak County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Jahliyan.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population was 13,629 in 2,723 households. There were 17,789 inhabitants in 3,999 households at the following census of 2011. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 21,361 in 5,284 households. The most populous of its 54 villages was Pozm-e Tiab, with 2,912 people.