# Golborne

Golborne (pronounced /ˈɡoʊlbɔːrn/ GOHL-born) is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan, in Greater Manchester, England. It lies 5 miles (8.0 km) south-south-east of Wigan, 6 miles (9.7 km) north-east of Warrington and 14 miles (22.5 km) to the west of the city of Manchester. Along with the neighbouring village of Lowton, it recorded a population of 24,041.
Within the boundaries of the historic county of Lancashire and being situated across the A580 East Lancashire Road, Golborne owed most of its historic growth to mining and textile manufacturing; however, these industries have since declined. There was also significant agricultural activity, with many farms still belonging to the families who originally owned them.

## History
### Toponymy

The name Golborne derives from the Old English golde and burna, meaning "stream where marsh marigolds grow". The earliest settlements in the present-day town were on banks of the Millingford Brook, hence its name being derived from a water course where calendula grew. Golborne has been recorded in ancient documents as Goldeburn in 1187, Goldburc in 1201, Goseburn and Goldburn in 1212 and Golburne in 1242. Golborne and Gowborne were 16th-century spellings.

### Early history

A settlement at Golborne has existed since at least the time of the Domesday book. The manor was held in two moieties, half by the Lords of Lowton, and the half by the Golbornes up to the reign of Henry III, and later by various families including the Fleetwoods and Leghs.
The old Manor of Golborne stood to the north side of the village, giving its name to a public house on Church Street (now demolished). The manor and its lands extended as far as St Luke's Church in Lowton, and also gives its name to Manor Avenue and Manor Court.
The Venerable Bede wrote in his Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum of a well near Golborne sacred to St. Oswald's memory. This well had been suggested as the site where Penda, the pagan king of Mercia, slew the Christian King Oswald, later St Oswald, in the Battle of Maserfield, in 642. It is more generally accepted though that the site of that battle was some considerable distance to the southwest, near Oswestry.
Holcroft Hall, now a farm, was the home of Colonel Blood who, during the reign of Charles II, attempted to steal the Crown Jewels. King Charles was amused by Blood's audacity and pardoned him. Blood married Maria Holcroft of Holcroft Hall at Newhurch Church against the will of her father.
In 1648, the Battle of Red Gap was fought by the old road south from Golborne (probably the Red Bank area of Newton le Willows) during the 2nd Civil War. The Scots, on the side of Charles I, had advanced into England. Oliver Cromwell, leader of the Roundhead Army, intercepted the Scots at Preston; in a series of running battles between Preston, Wigan and Warrington, of which Red Gap was one, he defeated the Scots even though his army was outnumbered by ten to one.

### Recent history

The former village grew rapidly during the Industrial Revolution as the mining industry expanded. On 18 March 1979, there was a methane explosion at the town's colliery caused by an electrical spark, which took the lives of ten miners. Of the eleven present, only one survived. The colliery closed in 1989. The location of the former colliery is known locally as the Bonk, which is now the largest park in Golborne.
The closure of the colliery led to the loss of employment for a large proportion of Golborne's population, as well as people from nearby towns and villages such as Abram, Lowton and Ashton-in-Makerfield. Unemployment problems have been mostly eradicated in recent years with the development of different industries which has brought in new jobs, further aided by the creation of Stone Cross Industrial Park and Golborne Enterprise Park.

## Governance

Under the Local Government Act 1972, in force from 1 April 1974, the urban district of Golborne, established in 1894 (and expanded in 1933 by adding part of Leigh Rural District which included Kenyon), was split, with the parts of Culcheth and Newchurch becoming the civil parish of Culcheth and Glazebury in the Warrington district in Cheshire, and the rest of the district becoming part of the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan of Greater Manchester.

## Demography

Population growth in Golborne since 1901 :
| Year | 1901 | 1911 | 1921 | 1931 | 1939 | 1951 | 1961 | 2001 |
| Population | 6,789 | 6,931 | 7,183 | 7,321 | 13,845 | 16,878 | 21,310 | 20,007 |
| Source: A Vision of Britain through Time |||||||||

## Landmarks

The parish church of Golborne is St Thomas' Church, in the Deanery of Winwick, Diocese of Liverpool. Founded in 1829, the church building has a clock tower that is still in operation and is still heard chiming on every hour. There is also a graveyard surrounding the building.
Peter Kane Square and memorial clock is situated in the town centre and is named in honour of local boxer Peter Kane.
On Sunday 19 March 2006 the Rector of Golborne, the Rev Robert Williams, officiated at a service in Kidglove Road at what was the entrance to Golborne Colliery. The service was attended by ex-miners and their families, and was the fruition of two years of fund-raising to erect the 6-by-3-foot (1.83 m × 0.91 m) stone, commissioned in memory of the men and women who worked and died at Golborne Colliery between its opening in 1880 and its closure in 1989.
The memorial was conceptualised by the Golborne Ex-Miners Association, who staged a series of concerts to help towards the cost of the stone. Funding was also received from a community chest grant from Wigan Metropolitan Borough Council, Alpla (UK) Ltd of Golborne, and the Coal Industry Social Welfare Organisation. Former miner Dean Mitchell landscaped the memorial site.
A cenotaph memorial also lies at the junction of Legh Street and Barn Lane.

## Transport

Golborne lies on the West Coast Main Line, but no longer has a railway station on it; the nearest are at Wigan North Western and Warrington Bank Quay, for Avanti West Coast inter-city services between Glasgow Central and London Euston.
There is a campaign to reopen the town's main line railway station, Golborne South. As part of Greater Manchester's Transport Initiative Fund package, a station at Golborne would be reinstated, probably on the site of the original station off the A573 in the centre of town. Golborne's branch line station, Golborne North, was closed in 1952. If it were to be reopened, services between Wigan and Stalybridge would run. It would also be the first Bee Network train station in Manchester. The Mayor of Greater Manchester, Andy Burnham, commented that “Golborne has a rock solid case for a station. It is now becoming quite clear. It has been sent to the Government for sign off. I prioritised it as mayor because of the very poor transport connectivity in that area – and if Metrolink isn’t coming anytime soon to the Wigan borough then it has to be the case to improve rail connectivity.
Bus services are operated by Bee Network (busses 610/611 Wigan-Leigh, 35 Bryn/Leigh-Manchester Piccadilly Gardens), Arriva Merseyside (360 Warrington-Wigan) and Warrington's Own Buses (22A Warrington-Wigan); routes link the town with Wigan, Warrington, Manchester and Leigh.

## Notable people

* William 'Billy' Hibbert (1884–1949), professional footballer
* Peter Kane (1918–91), blacksmith and professional boxer
* Jack Rigby (1924–97), professional footballer
* Johnny Hart (1928-2018), professional football player and manager
* Bert Llewellyn (1939–2016), professional footballer
* Jimmy Pennington (born 1939), professional footballer
* Paul Hart (born 1953), professional footballer and son of Johnny Hart
* Brian Simpson (born 1953), Member of the European Parliament 1989–2014
* Thomas Billington (1958–2018), professional wrestler: the Dynamite Kid
* Davey Boy Smith (1962–2002), professional wrestler
* Philip McGinley (born 1981), actor
* Danny Tickle, (born 1983), professional rugby league player
* Chris Washington (born 1989), comedian
* Matty Hughes (born 1992), professional footballer
* Charlie Hughes (born 2003), professional footballer.