# Orders of magnitude (pressure)

This is a tabulated listing of the orders of magnitude in relation to pressure expressed in pascals. psi values, prefixed with + and -, denote values relative to Earth's sea level standard atmospheric pressure (psig); otherwise, psia is assumed.
| Magnitude | Pressure | lbf/in$^2$ or dB | Item |
| 10$^{−17}$ Pa | 10 aPa | | Pressure in outer space in intergalactic voids |
| 10$^{−15}$ Pa | 1–10 fPa | | Pressure in outer space between stars in the Milky Way |
| 10$^{−12}$ Pa | < 1 pPa | | Lowest pressure obtained in laboratory conditions |
| 10$^{−10}$ Pa |
| 10$^{−10}$ Pa | 40 pPa | | Atmosphere of the Moon at lunar day, very approximately (4×10$^{−11}$ Pa) |
| 10$^{−10}$ Pa | < 100 pPa | | Extreme-high vacuum |
| 10$^{−10}$ Pa | 100 pPa | | Atmosphere of Mercury, very approximately (1×10$^{−10}$ Pa) |
| 10$^{−10}$ Pa | 300 pPa | | Atmosphere of the Moon at lunar night, very approximately (3×10$^{−10}$ Pa) |
| 10$^{−9}$ Pa | < 1 nPa | | Vacuum expected in the beam pipe of the Large Hadron Collider's ATLAS experiment (operates at a pressure of 1 nPa to 10 nPa) |
| 10$^{−9}$ Pa | ~1 nPa | | Approximate solar wind pressure at Earth's distance from the Sun (variable) |
| 10$^{−8}$ Pa | 10 nPa | | Pressure inside a vacuum chamber for laser cooling of atoms (magneto-optical trap) |
| 10$^{−8}$ Pa | 10–700 nPa | | Atmospheric pressure in low Earth orbit, around 500 km altitude |
| 10$^{−7}$ Pa | 100 nPa | | Highest pressure still considered ultra-high vacuum |
| 10$^{−6}$ Pa | 0.1 - 10 μPa | | Pressure inside a cathode ray tube (approximate) |
| 10$^{−6}$ Pa | 1 μPa | | Reference pressure for sound in water |
| 10$^{−6}$ Pa | 1 μPa | | Pressure inside a vacuum tube (very approximate) |
| 10$^{−5}$ Pa | 10 μPa | | Radiation pressure of sunlight on a perfectly reflecting surface at the distance of the Earth. |
| 10$^{−5}$ Pa | 20 μPa | 0 dB | Reference pressure for sound in air |
| 10$^{−5}$ Pa | ±20 μPa | 0 dB | Threshold of human hearing |
| 10$^{−4}$ Pa | | |
| 10$^{−3}$ Pa | 1–100 mPa | | Vacuum pressures used for molecular distillation |
| 10$^{−2}$ Pa | | | |
| 10$^{−1}$ Pa | 100 mPa | | Upper limit of high vacuum |
| 10$^{−1}$ Pa | ~200 mPa | | Atmospheric pressure on Pluto (1988 figure; very roughly) |
| 10$^{−1}$ Pa | 737.4 mPa | | Pressure exerted by a single Letter-sized 20-lb sheet of paper laid flat. |
| 1 Pa | 1 Pa | | Pressure exerted by a US dollar bill resting flat on a surface |
| 1 Pa | 1 Pa | | Upper limit of molecular distillation, where the mean free path of molecules is larger than the equipment size |
| 10 Pa | 10 Pa | | Pressure increase per millimeter of a water column at Earth mean sea level |
| 10 Pa | 10 Pa | | Pressure due to direct impact of a gentle breeze (~9 mph or 14 km/h) |
| 10 Pa | 86 Pa | | Pressure from the weight of a U.S. penny lying flat |
| 10$^2$ Pa | 100 Pa | | Pressure due to direct impact of a strong breeze (~28 mph or 45 km/h) |
| 10$^2$ Pa | 120 Pa | | Pressure from the weight of a U.S. quarter lying flat |
| 10$^2$ Pa | 133 Pa | | 1 torr ≈ 1 mmHg |
| 10$^2$ Pa | ±200 Pa | ~140 dB | Threshold of pain pressure level for sound where prolonged exposure may lead to hearing loss |
| 10$^2$ Pa | ±300 Pa | ±0.043 psi | Lung air pressure difference moving the normal breaths of a person (only 0.3% of standard atmospheric pressure) |
| 10$^2$ Pa | 400–900 Pa | 0.06–0.13 psi | Atmospheric pressure on Mars, < 1% of atmospheric sea-level pressure on Earth |
| 10$^2$ Pa | 610 Pa | 0.089 psi | Partial vapor pressure at the triple point of water (611.657 Pa) |
| 10$^3$ Pa | 1–10 kPa | | Typical explosion peak overpressure needed to break glass windows (approximate) |
| 10$^3$ Pa | 2 kPa | | Pressure of popping popcorn (very approximate) |
| 10$^3$ Pa | 2.6 kPa | 0.38 psi | Pressure at which water boils at room temperature (22 °C) (20 mmHg) |
| 10$^3$ Pa | 5 kPa | 0.8 psi | Blood pressure fluctuation (40 mmHg) between heartbeats for a typical healthy adult |
| 10$^3$ Pa | 6.3 kPa | 0.9 psi | Pressure where water boils at normal human body temperature (37 °C), the pressure below which humans absolutely cannot survive (Armstrong limit) |
| 10$^3$ Pa | +9.8 kPa | +1.4 psi | Lung pressure that a typical person can exert (74 mmHg) |
| 10$^4$ Pa | 10 kPa | 1.5 psi | Pressure increase per meter of a water column |
| 10$^4$ Pa | 10 kPa | 1.5 psi | Decrease in air pressure when going from Earth sea level to 1000 m elevation |
| 10$^4$ Pa | +13 kPa | +1.9 psi | High air pressure for human lung, measured for trumpet player making staccato high notes |
| 10$^4$ Pa | < +16 kPa | +2.3 psi | Systolic blood pressure in a healthy adult while at rest (< 120 mmHg) (gauge pressure) |
| 10$^4$ Pa | +19.3 kPa | +2.8 psi | High end of lung pressure, exertable without injury by a healthy person for brief times |
| 10$^4$ Pa | +34 kPa | +5 psi | Level of long-duration blast overpressure (from a large-scale explosion) that would cause most buildings to collapse |
| 10$^4$ Pa | 34 kPa | | Atmospheric pressure at the summit of Mount Everest |
| 10$^4$ Pa | +70 kPa | +10 psi | Pressure for paint exiting an HVLP (low-pressure) paint spray gun |
| 10$^4$ Pa | 70 kPa | | Pressure inside an incandescent light bulb |
| 10$^4$ Pa | 75 kPa | | Minimum airplane cabin pressure and lowest pressure for normal breathing (at 2440 m) and also the limit stated by the Federal Aviation Regulation (FAR) |
| 10$^4$ Pa | 80 kPa | 12 psi | Pressure inside vacuum cleaner at sea level on Earth (80% of standard atmospheric pressure) |
| 10$^4$ Pa | 87 kPa | 13 psi | Record low atmospheric pressure for typhoon/hurricane (Typhoon Tip in 1979) (only 86% of standard atmospheric pressure) |
| 10$^5$ Pa | 100 kPa | 15 psi | 1 bar (14.5 psi), approximately equal to the weight of one kilogram (1 kilopond) acting on one square centimeter |
| 10$^5$ Pa | 101.325 kPa | 15 psi | Standard atmospheric pressure for Earth sea level (14.7 psi) |
| 10$^5$ Pa | 150 to > 550 kPa | 25 to > 80 psi | Impact pressure of a fist punch (approximate) |
| 10$^5$ Pa | +180 to +250 kPa | +26 to +36 psi | Air pressure in an automobile tire relative to atmosphere (gauge pressure) |
| 10$^5$ Pa | +210 to +900 kPa | +30 to +130 psi | Air pressure in a bicycle tire relative to atmosphere (gauge pressure) |
| 10$^5$ Pa | 300 kPa | 50 psi | Water pressure of a garden hose |
| 10$^5$ Pa | 300 to 700 kPa | 50–100 psi | Typical water pressure of a municipal water supply in the US |
| 10$^5$ Pa | 358 to 524 kPa | 52-76 psi | Threshold of pain for objects outside the human body hitting it |
| 10$^5$ Pa | 400 to 600 kPa | 60–90 psi | Carbon dioxide pressure in a champagne bottle |
| 10$^5$ Pa | 520 kPa | 75 psi | Partial vapour pressure at the triple point of carbon dioxide |
| 10$^5$ Pa | +690 to +830 kPa | +100 to +120 psi | Air pressure in a heavy truck/bus tire relative to atmosphere (gauge pressure) |
| 10$^5$ Pa | 800 kPa | 120 psi | Vapor pressure of water in a kernel of popcorn when the kernel ruptures |
| 10$^6$ Pa | 0.8–2 MPa | 120–290 psi | Pressure used in boilers of steam locomotives |
| 10$^6$ Pa | 1.1 MPa | 162 psi | Pressure of an average human bite |
| 10$^6$ Pa | 2.8–8.3 MPa | 400–1,200 psi | Pressure of carbon dioxide propellant in a paintball gun |
| 10$^6$ Pa | 5 MPa | 700 psi | Water pressure of the output of a coin-operated car wash spray nozzle |
| 10$^6$ Pa | 5 MPa | 700 psi | Military submarine max. rated pressure (est.) of Seawolf-class nuclear submarine, at depth of 500 m |
| 10$^6$ Pa | 10-21 MPa | 1,500–3,000 psi | Chamber pressure of a high-powered (non-carbon dioxide) air gun |
| 10$^6$ Pa | 6.9–27 MPa | 1,000–4,000 psi | Water spray pressure used by pressure washers |
| 10$^6$ Pa | 9.2 MPa | 1,300 psi | Atmosphere of Venus |
| 10$^7$ Pa | > 10 MPa | > 1,500 psi | Pressure exerted by a 45 kg person wearing stiletto heels when a heel hits the floor |
| 10$^7$ Pa | 15.5 Mpa | 2,250 psi | Primary coolant loop of a pressurized water reactor |
| 10$^7$ Pa | 20 MPa | 2,900 psi | Typical pressure used for hydrogenolysis reactions |
| 10$^7$ Pa | 21 MPa | 3,000 psi | Pressure of a typical aluminium scuba tank of pressurized air (210 bar) |
| 10$^7$ Pa | 21 MPa | 3,000 psi | Ballistic pressure exerted as high-power bullet strikes a solid bulletproof object |
| 10$^7$ Pa | 22 MPa | 3,200 psi | Critical pressure of water |
| 10$^7$ Pa | 28 MPa | 4,100 psi | Overpressure caused by the bomb explosion during the Oklahoma City bombing |
| 10$^7$ Pa | 40 MPa | 5,800 psi | Water pressure at the depth of the wreck of the Titanic |
| 10$^7$ Pa | 69 MPa | 10,000 psi | Water pressure withstood by the DSV Shinkai 6500 in visiting ocean depths of > 6500 meters |
| 10$^7$ Pa | 70 to 280 MPa | 10,000 to 40,000 psi | Maximal chamber pressure during a pistol firing |
| 10$^8$ Pa | 110 MPa | 16,000 psi | Pressure at bottom of Mariana Trench, about 11 km below ocean surface (1100 bar) |
| 10$^8$ Pa | 100 to 300 MPa | 15,000 to 44,000 psi | Pressure inside reactor for the synthesis of high-pressure polyethylene (HPPE) |
| 10$^8$ Pa | 250 MPa | 36,000 psi | Record diesel engine common rail fuel system pressure |
| 10$^8$ Pa | 400 MPa | 58,000 psi | Chamber pressure of late 1910s .50 Browning machine gun discharge |
| 10$^8$ Pa | 240–620 MPa | 35,000–90,000 psi | Water pressure used in a water jet cutter |
| 10$^9$ Pa | 1 GPa | | Extremely high-pressure chemical reactors (10 kbar) |
| 10$^9$ Pa | 1.5 GPa | | Diamond melts using a 3 kJ laser without turning into graphite first |
| 10$^9$ Pa | 1.5 GPa | 220,000 psi | tensile strength of Inconel 625 according to Aircraft metal strength tables and the Mil-Hdbk-5 |
| 10$^9$ Pa | 5.8 GPa | 840,000 psi | Ultimate tensile strength of the polymer Zylon |
| 10$^{10}$ Pa | 10 GPa | | Pressure at which octaoxygen forms at room temperature (100,000 bar) |
| 10$^{10}$ Pa | 18 GPa | | Pressure needed for the first commercially successful synthesis of diamond |
| 10$^{10}$ Pa | 24 to 110 GPa | | Stability range of enstatite in its perovskite-structured polymorph, possibly the most common mineral inside the Earth |
| 10$^{10}$ Pa | 40 GPa | | Quantum-mechanical electron degeneracy pressure in a block of copper |
| 10$^{10}$ Pa | 48 GPa | | Detonation pressure of pure CL-20, the most powerful high explosive in mass production |
| 10$^{10}$ Pa | 69 GPa | 10,000,000 psi | Highest water jet pressure attained in research lab |
| 10$^{10}$ Pa | 96 GPa | | Pressure at which metallic oxygen forms (960,000 bar) |
| 10$^{11}$ Pa | 100 GPa | | Theoretical tensile strength of a carbon nanotube (CNT) |
| 10$^{11}$ Pa | 130 GPa | | Ultimate tensile strength of monolayer graphene |
| 10$^{11}$ Pa | 360 GPa | | Pressure inside Earth's inner core (3.64 million bar) |
| 10$^{11}$ Pa | 495 GPa | | Lower bound at which metallic hydrogen theoretically forms |
| 10$^{11}$ Pa | > 600 GPa | | Pressure attainable with a diamond anvil cell |
| 10$^{12}$ Pa | 5 TPa | | Pressure generated by the National Ignition Facility fusion reactor |
| 10$^{13}$ Pa | 10 TPa | | solid matter changes to the metastable inner-shell molecular state |
| 10$^{13}$ Pa | 32.9 TPa | | Pressure at which metallic helium theoretically forms |
| 10$^{14}$ Pa | 100 TPa | | Pressure generated by the extremely high-pressure laser implosion plasmas generator. |
| 10$^{14}$ Pa | 208.4 TPa | | Pressure at which metallic neon theoretically forms (the highest metallization pressure for any element) |
| 10$^{14}$ Pa | 540 TPa | | Pressure inside an "Ivy Mike"-like nuclear bomb detonation (5.3 billion bar) |
| 10$^{15}$ Pa | 6.5 PPa | | Pressure inside a W80 nuclear warhead detonation (64 billion bar) |
| 10$^{16}$ Pa | 25 PPa | | Pressure inside Sun's core (250 billion bar) |
| 10$^{23}$ Pa | 100 EPa - 100 YPa | | Pressure inside the core of a white dwarf at the Chandrasekhar limit |
| 10$^{32}$ Pa | 3.2-160 QPa | | Pressure range inside a neutron star |
| 10$^{35}$ Pa | | | Approximate pressure at the center of a proton |
| 10$^{113}$ Pa | 4.6×10$^{113}$ Pa | 6.7×10$^{109}$ psi | The Planck pressure (4.63×10$^{108}$ bar) |