OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Taazi

Taazi (Urdu: تازی) was a Pakistani website and smartphone application that focused on music. It was an online music streaming service and a digital distributor of Lollywood, Coke Studio and other regional Pakistani music across the world. Taazi described itself as a platform to combat piracy and gave local musicians a medium to monetize their music through its unique billing system. Taazi featured content of both established and upcoming musicians. Taazi.com was discontinued in 2020.

## History

Taazi was created, over a 3 year period, by a team of programmers and musicians based in Islamabad. Taazi was founded and run by producer, director and musician Haroon. Taazi was a division of Unicorn Black, a media production and technology company that develops and produces original content. Haroon is also the creator and director of the Pakistani animated TV series Burka Avenger.

## About Taazi

Taazi was Pakistan's first legal music app and website. Taazi had more than 100,000 songs and more than 2,500 enlisted artists.
The Taazi app had more than 100,000 downloads. Users living in Pakistan as well as abroad could have downloaded content by paying through mobile credit and PayPal. 70% of the revenue generated was given to the artists whereas 30% was retained by Taazi. Taazi was a platform that connected users with artists. Artists uploaded their content and subscribers downloaded content legally.

## Content acquisition

Taazi worked as a distribution platform. All content on Taazi was uploaded legally. Agreements were in place for the most popular Pakistani music content including the following:
* Coke Studio Seasons 1–8
* Nescafe Basement Hits
* EMI Pakistan
* Digital Entertainment World
* Multiple independent record labels having access to thousands of Pakistani songs
# Gabha Narerkathi massacre

The Gabha Narerkathi massacre was a premediated massacre of Bengali Hindus in Gabha Narerkathi in Barisal, Bangladesh on 2 May 1971 by the Pakistan Army in collaboration with the Razakars during the Bangladesh Liberation War. According to sources, 95-100 Bengali Hindus were killed by the Pakistan Army and the Razakars.

## Events

The soldiers of the Pakistan Army, accompanied by the razakars of surrounding villages, came to Gabha Narerkathi on the morning of 2 May. They then ordered all the Hindus of the village to come out of their homes for a "peace committee" meeting. They were captured by the razakars and taken to the bank of a nearby canal, where they were shot and killed. Some of them who tried to escape by jumping into the water got drowned and carried away by the fast water stream.

## Aftermath

After the end of the war, the site of the massacre was marked by the local people, but till now neither a memorial has been constructed for the fallen, nor the victims' names have been tabulated.
# Siege of Minowa

The 1566 siege of Minowa was one of several battles fought by the Takeda clan in their campaigns to seize the lands of the Uesugi clan, during Japan's Sengoku period. It is part of a larger power struggle between Takeda Shingen and Uesugi Kenshin.

## Background

Some years before, Nagano Narimasa, lord of Minowa castle and faithful retainer to the Uesugi, died. In order to protect the region from the depredations of the Takeda, the Nagano family kept his death a secret until his heir could settle into power.

## Siege

The Takeda attacked in 1566, and were held off for a time, with the young heir, Nagano Narimori, and famous swordsman Kamiizumi Hidetsuna, leading the defense. Intense hand-to-hand fighting eventually led to Hidetsuna leading a bold charge from the castle, which was initially successful. However, Narimori was killed soon afterwards, and the castle fell.

## Aftermath

Naitō Masatoyo was given Minowa Castle in Kōzuke Province after it fell to the Takeda.
# HI

HI or Hi may refer to:

## Arts and entertainment

* Hello Internet, a podcast hosted by CGP Grey and Brady Haran
* Hi (magazine), teen-lifestyle publication
* "Hi" (Ofra Haza song), a song by Ofra Haza, Israel's entry in the 1983 Eurovision Song Contest
* Hi, a character in the comic strip Hi and Lois
* Hi Records, in music, a Memphis soul and rockabilly label
* Hi (album), a 2021 album by Scottish band Texas
** "Hi" (Texas song), the title track
* Hi (EP), a 2006 EP by Psapp
* Hi~, a 2015 repackage of South Korean girl group Lovelyz' 2014 album Girls' Invasion
* "Hi", a song from the Xiu Xiu album Always

## Language

* Hi (cuneiform), a cuneiform sign
* Hi (kana) (ひ, ヒ), a Japanese written character
* Hindi, an Indo-Aryan language (ISO 639-1 language code HI)
* Hi, a greeting in the English language similar to hello
* Hi (Armenian letter) (Յ), an Armenian script letter

## Organizations and events

* Harlem International Film Festival, an annual five-day film festival
* Hostelling International, a federation of youth hostel associations
* Houston Industries Incorporated, former name of GenOn Energy
* University of Iceland, abbreviated "HÍ", from Háskóli Íslands

## Places

* Hi River, also known as the Ili River, in northwestern China
* Hainan, a province of China (Guobiao abbreviation HI)
* Hawaii, United States of America
* Hotel Indonesia, a hotel in Jakarta, Indonesia

## Science and technology

* Hydrogen iodide, in chemistry, a diatomic molecule
* Health informatics, a discipline at the intersection of information science, computer science, and health care
* Historical institutionalism, in sociology, a social science method
* Hormonal imprinting, a biological phenomenon
* Hemagglutination inhibition, method for quantifying the relative concentration of viruses, bacteria, or antibodies

## Other uses

* HI, a code for subtitles for the hearing impaired
* Hi Brigham (1892–1987), American football player
* Hi Brown (1910–2010), American producer
* Humorous Interpretation, an event in high school forensics competitions
# Ed Weiland

Edwin Nicholas Weiland (November 26, 1914 – July 12, 1971) was an American professional baseball pitcher who played for two seasons in Major League Baseball. He pitched for the Chicago White Sox for five games during the 1940 Chicago White Sox season and 1942 Chicago White Sox season. He served in the military during World War II.
# 1982 Comorian parliamentary election

Parliamentary elections were held in the Comoros on 7 March 1982, following the early dissolution of the Federal Assembly by President Ahmed Abdallah on 25 January. There were 38 constituencies (18 on Grande Comore, 15 on Anjouan and 5 on Mohéli), each of which elected a single member. In February the Comorian Union for Progress had been created as the sole legal party, and its candidates won 37 of the 38 seats.
Eighteen seats were won outright on election day, whilst a second round was held in the remaining 20 constituencies where no candidate won more than 50% of the vote on 14 March.

## Results

| Party | Party | Seats |
| | Comorian Union for Progress | 37 |
| | Independents | 1 |
| Total | Total | 38 |
| Source: UCA |||
# Zbigniew Schodowski

Zbigniew Schodowski (born 30 April 1987) is a Polish rower. He competed in the Men's eight event at the 2012 Summer Olympics.
# Ogden–Clearfield metropolitan area

The Ogden-Clearfield, UT Metropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget, is an area consisting of three counties in northern Utah, anchored by the cities of Ogden and Clearfield. As of the 2020 census, the MSA had a population of 637,197. On February 28, 2013, the White House released a bulletin Revising delineations of CSAs and MSAs which led to the addition of Box Elder County to the Ogden-Clearfield Metropolitan Statistical Area. On July 23, 2023, Box Elder County was moved to the newly created Brigham City micropolitan statistical area.

## Counties

The Ogden–Clearfield MSA is part of the Wasatch Front and is coterminous with Davis, Morgan, and Weber counties. Its three counties contain a mixture of suburban development outside of Salt Lake City and uninhabitable, federally owned mountainous land.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 442,646 people, 138,945 households, and 110,557 families residing within the MSA. The racial makeup of the MSA was 90.32% White, 1.21% African American, 0.66% Native American, 1.40% Asian, 0.22% Pacific Islander, 4.17% from other races, and 2.02% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8.57% of the population.
The median income for a household in the MSA was $49,338, and the median income for a family was $53,806. Males had a median income of $39,834 versus $24,553 for females. The per capita income for the MSA was $18,479.
# Litochoro railway station

Litochoro railway station (Greek: Σιδηροδρομικός σταθμός Λιτοχώρου, romanized: Sidirodromikos stathmos Litochoro) is a railway station in Litohoro, a town in Pieria, Central Macedonia, Greece. The station currently has four platforms, however only are two are currently in regular use. The station is located across the A1 motorway road from the residential area, close to the town centre, and sits around 130m from the shoreline. The stations is also one of the closest active station to Mount Olympus National Monument, and sits in the showdown of the ancient landmark.

## History

The station was built in 1916. It was relocated 3.8 kilometres (2.4 mi) south and a new station with the same name opened on 9 September 2007 at a cost of €1.4 million on new SGYT section of line from Leptokarya to Katerini. The original station and the section of line it sat on has since been abandoned. Further upgrades to the line to allow Proastiakos services to access the line followed. It was the terminal of the line from its opening until 7 September 2008, when the line was extended to Larissa. The station has suffered from poor maintenance and Repeat vandalism.

## Facilities

The station is staffed with a working ticket office (as of 2019). The station currently has four platforms; however, only two are currently in regular use. There are waiting rooms on platform one and waiting shelters on 2-4. Access to the platforms is via a subway under the lines, however, the station is not equipped with lifts. The platforms have shelters with seating; however, there are no Dot-matrix display departure and arrival screens or timetable poster boards on the platforms. The station, however, does have a buffet. There is also Parking in the forecourt.

## Services

It is served by local stopping services to Thessaloniki, Kalambaka and Palaiofarsalos. Since 2008, it has been served by Proastiakos Thessaloniki to Larissa and Thessaloniki. There are around 22 services that call at the station daily.

## Station Layout

| L Ground/Concourse | Customer service | Tickets/Exits |
| Level L1 | Side platform, doors will open on the right | Side platform, doors will open on the right |
| Level L1 | Platform 3 | non-regular use |
| Island platform, doors will open on the right ||
| Level L1 | Platform 1 | Π1 towards Thessaloniki (Katerini) ← |
| Level L1 | Platform 2 | Π1 towards Larissa (Leptokarya) → |
| Island platform, doors on the right/left ||
| Platform 4 | non-regular use |

## Gallery

* Leptokarya Old station, 11 August 1990
* The old station building, 22 August 2010
# Richard Krejčí

Richard Krejčí (born 22 July 1970) is a Czech rower. He competed in the men's coxed four event at the 1992 Summer Olympics.
# Battle (formation)

A battle or bataille was a division of a medieval army. The word may be rendered as "battalion", but Abels and Bachrach et al. state this is not accurate because the bataille was a completely ad hoc formation.
In late medieval warfare, field armies were often drawn up into three main battles, also called guards or wards: the vanguard (avant-garde), the middle guard, and the rearguard (arrière-garde), often abbreviated to simply the van, middle, and rear. These terms imply, correctly, that the van preceded the middle, which in turn preceded the rear into battle, if the battles were arranged sequentially as a column. If arranged abreast, the van was on the right, the middle in the center, and the rear on the left.
# 1972 Kingston-upon-Thames by-election

The 1972 Kingston-upon-Thames by-election of 4 May 1972 was held after Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) John Boyd-Carpenter was appointed chairman of the Civil Aviation Authority. The seat was retained by the Conservatives, with Norman Lamont winning. He held the seat for 25 years until it was abolished in 1997. (Lamont is best known for serving as Chancellor of the Exchequer 1990–1993, during the Premiership of John Major.)

## Result and votes

Kingston-upon-Thames by-election, 1972 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | Norman Lamont | 16,679 | 52.32 | −4.35 |
| | Labour | Anthony Judge | 9,892 | 31.03 | −0.64 |
| | Liberal | Stephen Wells | 3,601 | 11.30 | −0.36 |
| | Anti-Common Market Conservative | Edgar Scruby | 1,705 | 5.35 | New |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 6,787 | 21.29 | −3.71 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 31,877 | | |
| | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Swing | | |

## Previous election

General election 1970: Kingston-Upon Thames :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Conservative | John Boyd-Carpenter | 23,426 | 56.67 |
| | Labour | RH Crockett | 13,090 | 31.67 |
| | Liberal | SJ Wells | 4,822 | 11.66 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 10,336 | 25.00 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 41,338 | 69.13 |
| | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Swing | |
# 1973 Cameroonian parliamentary election

Parliamentary elections were held in Cameroon on 18 May 1973, the first since the promulgation of the country's new constitution approved in a referendum the previous year. The country was a one-party state at the time, with the Cameroonian National Union as the sole legal party. 2,600 candidates ran for a place on the CNU list, with 120 eventually winning a place on it, equal to the number seats available in the enlarged National Assembly, winning all of them with a 98.4% turnout.

## Results

| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
| | Cameroonian National Union | 3,293,428 | 100.00 | 120 | +70 |
| Total | Total | 3,293,428 | 100.00 | 120 | +70 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 3,293,428 | 99.95 | | |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 1,577 | 0.05 | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | 3,295,005 | 100.00 | | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 3,348,989 | 98.39 | | |
| Source: Nohlen et al. ||||||
# Gene DeWeese

Thomas Eugene DeWeese (January 31, 1934 – March 19, 2012) was an American writer of science fiction, best known for his Star Trek novels. He also wrote Gothic, mystery, and young adult fiction, totalling more than 40 books in his career. He published as Gene DeWeese and Jean DeWeese; his pseudonyms as a collaborator included Thomas Stratton and Victoria Thomas.

## Background and fandom

DeWeese was born January 31, 1934, in Rochester, Indiana. He began writing science fiction stories in grade school, beginning with a Mickey Mouse story he wrote. In high school, he wrote articles and science-fiction columns for his local newspaper. DeWeese became an active member of science fiction fandom, and his stories were published in science fiction fanzines such as Yandro, Fan-Fare, and The Chigger Patch of Fandom. He earned an associate degree in electronics from Valparaiso Technical Institute in 1953. He worked for General Motors' Delco Electronics Division as an electronics technician in Kokomo, Indiana, from 1954 to 1959, and as a technical writer (including for the Apollo Program) in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, from 1959 to 1974 (when he became a full-time freelance writer).

## Professional writing

DeWeese's first professionally published fiction was a Man from U.N.C.L.E. book written with Robert Coulson using the pseudonym Thomas Stratton, which used DeWeese's first name and Coulson's middle name. This first novel was The Invisibility Affair and was followed up in the series by The Mind-Twisters Affair (both 1967) Coulson was a fellow science fiction fan, and the two had previously used the Stratton name for fiction published in fanzines. He wrote nine Gothic novels as Jean DeWeese, and co-wrote a romance novel with Connie Kugi under the pseudonym Victoria Thomas. DeWeese wrote over forty books, including science fiction, mystery, horror, and romance, and nonfiction books on computers and doll making. He has written novels in the Star Trek, Lost in Space, and Dinotopia series. His best-known young adult novel is The Adventures of a Two-Minute Werewolf, which was made into a television movie of the same name. He has also written for Ravenloft (King of the Dead and Lord of the Necropolis) and the Amazing Stories series.

## Papers and personal life

His papers from 1967 to 2002 are held at the library of the University of Southern Mississippi.
He and Beverly lived in Milwaukee from 1959 to his death at home in 2012 from Lewy body dementia.

## Star Trek novels

* Chain of Attack (1987) - Based on Star Trek: The Original Series
* The Peacekeepers (September 1988) - Based on Star Trek: The Next Generation
* The Final Nexus (December 1988) - Based on Star Trek: The Original Series
* Renegade (1991) - Based on Star Trek: The Original Series
* Probe (1992) - Credited by Margaret Wander Bonanno for being the actual writer of most of the book
* Into the Nebula (1995) - Based on Star Trek: The Next Generation
* Engines of Destiny (2005) - Based on Star Trek: The Next Generation, though the main character is Montgomery Scott
# Healing the Wounds

Healing the Wounds (HTW) is a British charity launched in December 2009 to help provide support and care for British servicemen and women suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder It was founded by Kevin Richards, a former British Army combat medic, who recognised the lack of aftercare support and treatment for sufferers of PTSD in Wales.

## History

Healing the Wounds was founded by Kevin Richards in 2009. Richards had previously served with the Royal Regiment of Wales as a combat medic and completed tours of duty in numerous countries including Northern Ireland and Operation Desert Storm. His involvement with the Royal Welsh Veterans Association and his own background in army medicine led him to recognise the lack of support for PTSD sufferers in Wales and made him determined to do something to help.

## Campaigns
### Golden Grove Mansion Appeal

Since Healing the Wounds' foundation, the charity campaigned to raise funds to purchase and maintain a convalescent home based at Golden Grove Mansion in Llandeilo, Carmarthenshire. However, by January 2011 the condition of Golden Grove had deteriorated to such an extent that it would not have been financially viable to renovate and maintain the mansion as a retreat for PTSD sufferers. Nevertheless, Healing the Wounds remains devoted to the development of a convalescent home within Wales and the £120,000 raised through the campaign shall be spent on treatment for those suffering from PTSD.

## Fundraising activities
### Nation Radio campaign

Between 14 November and 2 December 2011, Healing the Wounds was chosen as a nominated charity for a fundraising campaign by South Wales radio station, Nation Radio.

## Criticism

A BBC investigation criticised Healing the Wounds' use of Neuro-linguistic programming and the inaccurate description of the experience of one of its counsellors.

## Trustees

The trustees are:
* William John – Chairman of the Bridgend Branch of The Royal Welsh Association
* Arfon Williams – Former Combat Medic, Royal Regiment of Wales and current Vice Chairman of the British Legion, Ynysybwl Branch

## Patrons

The patrons are:
* Brigadier Robert Aitken CBE
* Michael Sheen, actor
* Nigel Owens, rugby union referee
# 1-Hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole

1-Hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole (HOAt) is a triazole used as a peptide coupling reagent. It suppresses racemization that can otherwise occur during the reaction.
HOAt has a melting point of 213-216 °C.
# Travail, famille, patrie

Travail, famille, patrie was the tripartite motto of Vichy France during World War II. It had replaced the republican motto Liberté, égalité, fraternité of the Third French Republic.

## Institution

The Law of 10 July 1940 gave Marshal Pétain full powers to draw up a constitution before being submitted to the Nation and guaranteeing "the rights of Labour, of the Family and of the Fatherland". That constitution was never promulgated.
In the Revue des deux Mondes (Two Worlds Magazine) of 15 September 1940, Marshal Pétain wrote this repudiation of the motto of the French Republic. Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité : When our young people […] approach adult life, we shall say to them […] that real liberty cannot be exercised except under the shelter of a guiding authority, which they must respect, which they must obey […]. We shall then tell them that equality [should] set itself within the framework of a hierarchy, founded on the diversity of office and merits. […] Finally, we shall tell them that there is no way of having true brotherhood except within those natural groups, the family, the town, the fatherland.
The motto Travail, Famille, Patrie was originally that of the Croix-de-Feu, then of the Parti social français (PSF or French Social Party) founded by Colonel de La Rocque.
It has often been written that these three words express the Révolution nationale (RN), the National Revolution undertaken by the Vichy regime.

## Travail

On 24 April 1941, Marshal Pétain officially inaugurated 1 May as the fête du Travail et de la Concorde sociale, the day on which labour and social harmony were celebrated.
The regime won over some trades unionists for the drawing up of a Labour Charter. In it, they declared themselves as being against both capitalism and Marxism. The regime advocated the finding of a third way.
It is often told that in 1941 the Vichy Government set up a retirement system, the allowance for old, waged workers. The new system renewed the old contribution-based retirement system, which had been devalued by inflation and extraordinary expenses.

## Famille

The regime wrote Mothers’ Day into the calendar. With regard to the family, there had been continuity rather than a break with the family policy of the period of the Daladier government, which continued through the Pétain years and would later continue in the Fourth Republic.

## Patrie

The nationalism of Pétain, who saw himself as maintaining the tradition of the victorious nationalism of 1918, did not stop his collaborating with the Nazi regime. Until he died, he kept a certain degree of Germanophobia of the sort expressed by Charles Maurras. He had no pro-German or anti-British record from before the war. Several times, he restated that he regarded himself as the ally and friend of Great Britain. In his broadcast of 23 June 1940, he reproached Winston Churchill for the speech made by Churchill on 22 June 1940, following the signing of the armistice on that day.
# Neptis ida

Neptis ida, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae.

## Subspecies

* Neptis ida ida (southern Sulawesi) f rather large size, underneath with chiefly white and narrower brown bands.
* Neptis ida carbonespersa Martin, 1924 (northern and central Sulawesi)
* Neptis ida celebensis Hopffer, 1874 (North-eastern Sulawesi: Minahasa) large, with rounded wings, beneath with broader and more red-brown bands
* Neptis ida kalidupa Eliot, 1969 (Tukangbesi Islands)
* Neptis ida liliputa Martin, 1924 (Butung, Muna, Kabaena)
* Neptis ida saleyra Fruhstorfer, 1908 (Selajar)
* Neptis ida sphaericus Fruhstorfer, 1907 (Sulawesi) much smaller and with elongate wings, the white markings dusted with dull grey scales; beneath the bands are pale ochreous