# Global Greens

The Global Greens (GG) is an international network of political parties and movements which work to implement the Global Greens Charter. It consists of various national green political parties, partner networks, and other organizations associated with green politics.
Formed in 2001 at the First Global Greens Congress, the network has grown to include 76 full member parties and 11 observers and associate parties as of May 2022, so a total of 87 members. It is governed by a 12-member steering committee called the Global Greens Coordination, and each member party falls under the umbrella of one of four affiliated regional green federations. The day-to-day operations of the Global Greens are managed by the Secretariat, led by Global Greens Convenors Bob Hale and Gloria Polanco since 2020.

## History

The world's first green parties were founded in 1972. These were in the Australian state of Tasmania (the United Tasmania Group) and in New Zealand (the Values Party). Others followed quickly: in 1973, PEOPLE (later the Ecology Party) was set up in the UK, and in other European countries Green and radical parties sprang up in the following years.
Petra Kelly, a German ecofeminist activist, is often cited as one of the first thinkers and leaders of the green politics movement. Her work in founding the German Green Party in West Germany in 1980 was instrumental in bringing prominence to green political parties on both the national and international stages.
The first Planetary Meeting of the Greens was held in Rio de Janeiro on May 30–31, 1992 in conjunction with the Rio Earth Summit being concurrently held in Brazil. It was here that the first ever Global Greens statement was issued, beginning with this preface:
"Experience teaches us that governments are only moved to take environmental problems seriously when people vote for environmental political parties."
The first Global Greens Congress was held in Canberra, Australia, in 2001. The official Global Greens Charter was issued here, and the Congress delegates set up the framework and organizational structures that would build the Global Greens into an ongoing international network and movement, including the Global Greens Coordination. In 2010, the first Global Greens Secretary was appointed.

## Global Greens Charter

The Global Greens Charter is the guiding document that establishes the principles and "core values" to which member parties and associated organizations should attempt to adhere. It sets out global principles that cross boundaries to bind Greens from around the world together:
* Participatory Democracy
* Nonviolence
* Social Justice
* Sustainability
* Respect for Diversity
* Ecological Wisdom
Priorities outlined in the Charter include reforming the dominant economic model, tackling climate change, ending the hunger crisis, promoting vibrant democracy, working for peace, protecting biodiversity.
The Global Greens Charter has been reviewed and updated twice during Global Greens Congresses since its original publishing in 2001: once in Dakar, Senegal in 2012, and again in Liverpool, UK, in 2017. The updated 2017 version is offered in English, and past versions can be accessed in 11 various languages.

## Regional Federations of the Global Greens

The Global Greens are organized into four regional federations across the world:
* Asia Pacific Greens Federation
* European Green Party
* Federation of Green Parties of Africa
* Federation of the Green Parties of the Americas
* Federation of Green Parties of Oceania

## Global Greens Coordination

The Global Greens has a 12-member steering committee called the Global Greens Coordination. The makeup of this committee stems from three elected members from each of the four regional federations, supported by three alternates who can stand in when needed.

## Global Greens Congress

The Global Greens have held five Congresses since 2001 in various locations around the world:
* 2001 - Canberra, Australia
* 2008 - São Paulo, Brazil
* 2012 - Dakar, Senegal
* 2017 - Liverpool, UK
* 2023 - Songdo, Korea
The Global Greens strives to achieve regional diversity and representation, encouraging Congress locations to represent the wide geographical spread of the organization's member parties and organizations. The latest Global Greens Congress was held in 2023 and was hosted by the Green Party Korea.

## Networks

The Global Greens have five networks designed to enable global collaboration, communication and community among member parties and organizations:
* Friends of Global Greens
** This network is composed of Green parties, parliamentarians and activists who make recurring donations of any amount to the Global Greens.
* Global Greens LGBT+ Network
** This network aims to:
*** "Support LGBT+ groups within Green Parties around the world to work together and support each other;
*** Support Green Parties looking to set up LGBT+ groups, and;
*** Promote LGBT+ equality as outlined in the Global Greens Charter."
* Global Greens Parliamentarians Network
** This network is composed of Green Members of Parliament from Global Greens member parties and works to fulfil the following objectives:
*** "To be active, in a coordinated manner, in our parliaments on issues of identified global concern, in order to influence the governments of our countries, and the public whom we represent, to the goals specifically identified by the Global Greens;
*** To develop a mutually-reinforcing and mutually-supportive network of MPs, as individuals, to help us each to become most effective in our parliamentary action, and realise our potential as movers of positive global change, and;
*** To achieve positive change for Green goals at the global and regional levels through the strengthening of international institutions, including more parliamentarian representation and decision-making influence in those bodies."
* Global Greens Women's Network
** This network supports the participation of Green women worldwide in democratic political processes, by focusing on:
*** "Capacity building and empowerment: training and developing skills, such as public speaking and leadership;
*** Governance and participation: confronting inequalities at the organizational level and exchanging best practices to tackle them and promote participation;
*** Campaigning about major topics relevant to women: such as gender justice and climate change, and;
*** Carrying out formal functions as part of global Greens governance: e.g. nominating women to the Asia-Pacific Greens Federation (APGF) Council."
* Global Young Greens
** This network is a "youth-led organization supporting and uniting the efforts of young people from a green-alternative spectrum around the world. It works towards (1) ecological sustainability, (2) social justice, (3) grassroots democracy and (4) peace."

## Global Greens Ambassadors

The Global Greens Coordination appointed Christine Milne AO as the first Global Greens Ambassador in 2015. Milne was appointed as Global Greens Ambassador in recognition of her considerable expertise in climate change and as an elected member of state and federal parliaments, including as Leader of the Australian Greens.

## Member parties
### Member parties in the Americas

Affiliated members in North, Central and South America form the Federation of the Green Parties of the Americas.
| Country | Name | National/Federal Government | State/Municipal Government | Notes |
| Argentina | Partido Verde | Extraparliamentary opposition | In opposition in Tierra del Fuego | |
| Bolivia | Partido Verde de Bolivia | | | |
| Brazil | Partido Verde | Junior party in coalition | The party is represented in several state legislatures. | in coalition 2003–2008 |
| Canada | Green Party of Canada/Parti vert du Canada | Non-official party House of Commons: (2). | Provincial: British Columbia (2 members), New Brunswick (3), Ontario (2), Prince Edward Island (2). Municipal: Vancouver City Council (2). | |
| Chile | Partido Ecologista Verde de Chile | in opposition | Two seats on regional boards. | One seat in the Chamber of Deputies. |
| Colombia | Alianza Verde | Junior party in coalition | Claudia López Hernández, a green, is mayor of Bogota. The party also has 3 regional governors and several mayors. | |
| Dominican Republic | Partido Verde Dominicano |
| Guatemala | Movimiento Verde |
| Mexico | Partido Ecologista Verde de México | Supporting coalition | Represented in several regional parliaments | The party is criticized for its alleged corruption. |
| Peru | Partido Verde Peru | | | |
| Venezuela | Movimiento Ecológico de Venezuela | Extraparliamentary opposition | | |
The Green Party of the United States, while previously a full member, is no longer associated with the Global Greens.

### Member parties in Asia and Oceania

Affiliated members in Asia, Pacific and Oceania form the Asia Pacific Greens Federation.
| Country | Name | National/Federal Government | State/Municipal Government | Notes |
| Australia | Australian Greens | In opposition (crossbench) | Represented in all state and territory Parliaments, as well as in numerous local/city governments | Formerly in coalition in Tasmania and the Australian Capital Territory. |
| Bangladesh | Green Party of Bangladesh | Extraparliamentary opposition | unknown | |
| India | India Greens Party | Extraparliamentary opposition | unknown | |
| India | Uttarakhand Parivartan Party (UKPP) | Extraparliamentary opposition | unknown | |
| Iraq | Green Party of Iraq | Extraparliamentary opposition | unknown | |
| Japan | Greens Japan | Extraparliamentary opposition | Kazumi Inamura, a green, is mayor of Amagasaki | |
| South Korea | Green Party of Korea | Extraparliamentary opposition | unknown | |
| Lebanon | Green Party of Lebanon | Extraparliamentary opposition | unknown | |
| Mongolia | Mongolian Green Party | Extraparliamentary opposition | unknown | |
| Nepal | Hariyali Nepal Party | Extraparliamentary opposition | | |
| Nepal | Hariyo Party | Extraparliamentary opposition | | |
| New Zealand | Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand | In opposition | The party endorsed the current mayor of Wellington Tory Whanau, and is represented on local councils in its own right in Wellington, Dunedin, and Palmerston North, and in Auckland through the City Vision joint ticket. | Formerly in coalition/Cooperation agreement/Confidence and supply in New Zealand from 1999–2002, 2005–2008, 2017–2023 |
| Pakistan | Pakistan Green Party | unknown | unknown | |
| Republic of China (Taiwan) | Green Party Taiwan | Extraparliamentary opposition | Represented in Hsinchu County | |
| Republic of China (Taiwan) | Trees Party | Extraparliamentary opposition | | |

### Member parties in Africa

Affiliated parties in Africa form the Federation of Green Parties of Africa.
| Country | Name | National/Federal Government | State/Municipal Government | Notes |
| Angola | Partido Nacional Ecológico de Angola | unknown | unknown | |
| Benin | Les Verts du Benin | Extraparliamentary Opposition | unknown | |
| Burkina Faso | Parti Ecologiste pour le Développement du Burkina | unknown | unknown | |
| Burkina Faso | Rally of the Ecologists of Burkina | unknown | unknown | |
| Burundi | Burundi Green Movement | unknown | unknown | |
| Central African Republic | Mouvement des Verts de Centrafique | unknown | unknown | |
| Chad | Union des Ecologistes Tchadiens - LES VERTS | unknown | unknown | |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | Rassemblement des écologistes congolais | Extraparliamentary Opposition | unknown | Represented in parliament 2006–11 |
| Egypt | Egyptian Greens | unknown | unknown | |
| Gabon | Parti Vert Gabonais/Gabon Green Party | unknown | unknown | |
| Ghana | Ghana Green Movement | unknown | unknown | |
| Guinea | Parti des Ecologistes Guineens | unknown | unknown | |
| Ivory Coast | Parti Ecologique Ivoirien | unknown | unknown | |
| Kenya | Mazingira Green Party | Extraparliamentary opposition | unknown | |
| Madagascar | Madagascar Green Party | unknown | unknown | |
| Mali | Parti Ecologiste du Mali | unknown | unknown | |
| Mauritius | Les Verts Fraternels | Extraparliamentary opposition | unknown | In coalition 2005–10. |
| Morocco | Les Verts | unknown | unknown | |
| Mozambique | Ecological Party of Mozambique | Extraparliamentary opposition | Extraparliamentary opposition | |
| Niger | Rassemblement pour un Sahel Vert | unknown | unknown | |
| Nigeria | Green Party of Nigeria | unknown | unknown | |
| Rwanda | Democratic Green Party of Rwanda | In opposition | unknown | |
| Senegal | Les Verts | Extraparliamentary opposition | unknown | Represented in parliament between 2007 and 2012 |
| Sierra Leone | Sierra Leone Green Party | unknown | unknown | |
| Somalia | Democratic Green Party of Somalia | unknown | unknown | |
| South Africa | South African Green Alliance | unknown | unknown | |
| Togo | Afrique Togo Ecologie | unknown | unknown | |
| Tunisia | Tunisie Verte | Extraparliamentary opposition | unknown | |
| Uganda | Ecological Party of Uganda | unknown | unknown | |
| Zambia | National Revolution Green Party Zambia | unknown | unknown | |

### Member parties in Europe

Affiliated members in Europe form the European Green Party.
| Country | Name | National/Federal Government | State/Municipal Government | European Parliament | Notes |
| Albania | Green Party of Albania | Extraparliamentary opposition | in opposition 34 local councillors, 8 in urban municipalities and 26 in rural municipalities | Not an EU member | |
| Andorra | Partit Verds d'Andorra | Extraparliamentary opposition | The party hasn't participated in recent local elections | Not an EU member | |
| Austria | Die Grünen | Junior party in coalition | in coalition in Upper Austria, Carinthia, Tyrol, Salzburg and Vorarlberg | In opposition | |
| Belgium | Ecolo | Junior party in coalition | Senior party in coalition in Wallonia and Brussels-Capital Region | In opposition | Form one Parliamentary group in the Federal Parliament |
| Belgium | Groen | Junior party in coalition | In opposition in Flanders | In opposition | Form one Parliamentary group in the Federal Parliament |
| Bulgaria | Zelena Partija | Extraparliamentary opposition | unknown | Extraparliamentary opposition | |
| Cyprus | Movement of Ecologists – Citizens' Cooperation | In opposition | unknown | Extraparliamentary opposition | |
| Czech Republic | Strana zelených | Extraparliamentary opposition | unknown | Extraparliamentary opposition | In coalition 2006–10 |
| Estonia | Estonian Greens | Extraparliamentary opposition | 2 local government seats out of the nationwide 1717, both in Antsla. | Extraparliamentary opposition | |
| Finland | Vihreä liitto/Gröna förbundet/Ruoná lihttu | In opposition | Represented in several municipalities. It has the second largest group of councillors in Helsinki | In opposition | In coalition 1995–2003, 2007–2014, 2019-2023 |
| France | Europe Écologie–Les Verts | In opposition | Senior coalition partner in Grenoble, Lyon, Bordeaux, Strasbourg, Marseille and Besançon. Also in coalition in Occitanie, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Centre-Val de Loire and Paris, Nantes, Rennes. | In opposition | In coalition 1997–2002, 2012–14, represented in parliament 1997-2017 |
| Georgia | Sakartvelo's Mtsvaneta Partia/Green Party of Georgia | unknown | unknown | Not an EU member | |
| Germany | Bündnis '90/Die Grünen | Junior party in coalition | Senior coalition partner in the Landtag of Baden-Württemberg, also junior coalition party in 10 of 16 states. Senior coalition partner in the cities of Stuttgart, Darmstadt, Freiburg im Breisgau and Heidelberg | in opposition | in coalition 1998–2005 |
| Greece | Ecologoi Prasinoi/Ecologist Greens | Extraparliamentary opposition | Represented in 4/13 Regional Councils | Extraparliamentary opposition | |
| Hungary | Lehet Más a Politika | In opposition | 54 seats in local city councils | In opposition | |
| Ireland United Kingdom (NI) | Green Party/Comhaontas Glas | Junior party in coalition | 44 councillors in ROI local government, 7 in NI local government | 2 MEPs | In coalition in ROI 2007–2011, 2020–present |
| Italy | Green Europe | In opposition | Junior member of the governing coalition in Emilia-Romagna, Campania and Sardinia | Extraparliamentary opposition | |
| Italy | Verdi–Grüne–Vërc | Extraparliamentary opposition | The party has 3 members in the Landtag of South Tyrol. | Extraparliamentary opposition | Part of the Federazione dei Verdi before 2013 |
| Luxembourg | Déi Gréng | In opposition | Christiane Brassel-Rausch, a green, is mayor of Differdange | In opposition | |
| Malta | AD+PD | Extraparliamentary opposition | | Extraparliamentary opposition | |
| Moldova | Partidul Ecologist "Alianța Verde" din Moldova | unknown | unknown | Not an EU member | |
| Netherlands | De Groenen | Extraparliamentary opposition | 1 of 26 seats in the water board of Amstel, Gooi en Vecht | Extraparliamentary opposition | |
| Netherlands | GroenLinks | In opposition | Senior coalition partner in North Holland, Groningen and Utrecht; junior partner in five other provinces. It is represented in most municipalities, it has the largest group of councillors in Nijmegen, Utrecht, Groningen and Amsterdam and is the senior government party there. It has 9 of 316 mayors, including Femke Halsema of Amsterdam. | in opposition | |
| North Macedonia | Demokratska Obnova na Makedonija | Junior party in coalition | unknown | Not an EU member | |
| Norway | Miljøpartiet De Grønne | In opposition | In coalition in Oslo and Trondheim, represented in other big cities | in opposition | |
| Poland | Partia Zieloni | Junior party in coalition | Represented in the regional parliaments of Silesia and West Pomerania, and the city councils of Warsaw and Opole | Extraparliamentary opposition | |
| Portugal | Partido Ecologista Os Verdes | Extraparliamentary opposition | in coalition in some municipalities (with Portuguese Communist Party) | Extraparliamentary opposition | |
| Romania | Green Party of Romania | Extraparliamentary opposition | 2 mayor, 5 deputy-mayor, 117 local council member | Extraparliamentary opposition | |
| Russia | Zelenaya Alternativa (GROZA) | unknown | unknown | Not an EU member | |
| Scotland | Scottish Green Party | In opposition | The party has 35 councillors across Scotland most notably 10 in Edinburgh and 11 in Glasgow | Not an EU member | |
| Slovakia | Strana Zelených | Extraparliamentary opposition | unknown | Extraparliamentary opposition | Represented in parliament between 1990 and 2002 |
| Slovenia | Stranka mladih Slovenije/Youth Party of Slovenia | Extraparliamentary opposition | unknown | Extraparliamentary opposition | |
| Spain | Equo | 1 deputy elected under the banner of Más País | In coalition in Valencia and Barcelona | In opposition | |
| Sweden | Miljöpartiet de Gröna | In opposition | Represented in 168 of 290 municipalities, especially those in urban areas. | In opposition | |
| Switzerland | Green Party of Switzerland | In opposition | Junior party in coalition cabinet in 7 cantons. Also in coalition in Bern, Geneva, Zurich, or Basel-City. | Not an EU member | |
| Turkey | Green Left Party | Extraparliamentary opposition | unknown | Not an EU member | The party works inside HDP |
| Ukraine | Partija Zelenych Ukrajiny/Party of Greens of Ukraine | Extraparliamentary opposition | unknown | Not an EU member |
| United Kingdom (England and Wales) | Green Party of England and Wales | The party is represented in parliament by four MPs and two life peers | The party has 766 councillors in English and Welsh councils, and has majority control in Mid Suffolk, as well as being in coalition in several other councils. It also has 3 London AMs | Not an EU member | The party dominated the Brighton and Hove City Council between 2011 and 2015. |

### Observers and associate member parties

| Country | Name | Government | Notes |
| Australia | Federation for a Democratic China | Extraparliamentary Opposition | |
| Belarus | Belarusian Party "The Greens" | Extraparliamentary Opposition | |
| Bulgaria | Zelenite/The Greens | Extraparliamentary Opposition | |
| Costa Rica | Cartago Green Party | Extraparliamentary Opposition | Represented at the local level |
| Denmark | Socialistisk Folkeparti | Parliamentary support | In coalition 2011–14 |
| Dominican Republic | Partido Verde Dominicano | Extraparliamentary Opposition | |
| French Guiana | Les Verts de Guyane | Extraparliamentary Opposition | |
| Guatemala | Partido Los Verdes de Guatemala | unknown | |
| Indonesia | Atjeh Green Party | Extraparliamentary Opposition | |
| Indonesia | Indonesian Green Party | Extraparliamentary Opposition | |
| Nepal | Hariyali Nepal Party | Extraparliamentary Opposition | |
| Nicaragua | Verdes en Alianza | unknown | |
| Philippines | Philippines Greens | unknown | |
| Russia | Green Russia | Extraparliamentary Opposition | |
| Serbia | Zeleni Srbije/Greens of Serbia | Junior party in coalition | |
| Sri Lanka | Sri Lanka Green Alliance | Extraparliamentary Opposition | |