# Group on International Perspectives on Governmental Aggression and Peace

The Group on International Perspectives on Governmental Aggression and Peace (GIPGAP) is an international multi-disciplinary team of academics and researchers. The group has been undertaking extensive research into social attitudes to peace and war, using the Personal and Institutional Rights to Aggression and Peace Scale, or PAIRTAPS. There is no shortage of critical literature on peace and war. However this is the first-ever global study of the attitudes of ordinary citizens to peace and war. GIPGAP is co-ordinated by Kathleen Malley-Morrison of Boston University, and has its origins in an earlier group that investigated domestic violence within a project entitled International Perspectives on Family Violence and Abuse. The GIPGAP project involves surveying and analysis of the views of citizens from more than 30 countries —covering North America, South America, Central America, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, the Middle East, Africa, the Asia Pacific, South Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands.

## GIGAP membership

The GIPGAP website indicates the membership as follows:
| Kathleen Malley-Morrison(International Coordinator) | Abdelkader Abdelali | Jacqui Akhurst |
| Kareem Al-Obaidi | Flavia Angelino | Ricardo Angelino |
| Majed Ashy | Davies Banda | Rodrigo Barahona |
| Ana Barbeiro | Mariana Barbosa | Scott Edward Borrelli |
| Helena Castanheira | Nina Carstens | Megan Clapp |
| Amanda Clinton | Michael Corgan | Mahlon B. Dalley |
| Maria Daskalopoulos | Priscilla Dass-Brailsford | Helena Syna Desilvilya |
| Eros DeSouza | Regina Estuar | Eric Fischer |
| Maria Galmarini | Lauren M. Groves | Asifa Hasan |
| Denise Hines | Etsuko Hoshino-Browne | Jas Laile Suzana Binti Jaafar |
| Mikyung Jang | Linda Jeffrey | Janice Jones |
| Mohammad Shahid Kamal | Charles H. Kennedy | Mi-Sung Kim |
| Julia König | Mark Leach | Elisabeth Leembruggen-Kallberg |
| Graham Lindegger | Carla Machado | Raquel Matos |
| Alfred L. McAlister | Sheri McCarthy | Rick McNeese |
| Andrea Mercurio | Heyam Mohammed | Alice Murata |
| Aretha Nasroen | Nyryan V. Nolido | David Young Oh |
| Silja Bára Ómarsdóttir | James Page | Nebojsa Petrovic |
| Marko Polič | Ellora Puri | Kimberly Rapoza |
| Megan Reif | Eddy Carrillo Retana | José Anazagasty Rodríguez |
| Christine Roland-Lévy | R.S. Rose | Maki Sakuma |
| Mathilde Salmberg | Natoschia Scruggs | Darshini Shah |
| Stephen Shalom | Syafuan Rozi Soebhan | Stephen Soldz |
| Michael Stevens | Sarah Stuart | Shiho Takagi |
| William J. Tastle | Elina Tochilnikova | Abram Trosky |
| Charikleia A. Tsatsaroni | Feryal Turan | Doe West |
| John M. Whiteley | Michael Whitely | Alev Yalçinkaya |
| Dalit Yassour-Borochowitz | Rouba Youssef | Tanvi Zaveri |

## Research instrument

The basic research instrument, the Personal and Institutional Rights to Aggression and Peace Scale, is an online survey, utilizing aspects of both qualitative research and quantitative research. Respondents are encouraged to indicate the degree to which they agree or disagree with certain propositions and the instrument also encourages respondents to make specific comment upon issues. The survey is available to respondents in a range of language versions, including English, French, German, Greek, Icelandic, Italian, Japanese, and Portuguese.

## Research findings

Preliminary findings for individual countries can be found in the publications list and especially the 4-volume publication in 2009 by Praeger International. In general, there was disapproval for the notion that nations should have a right to invade other nations, disapproval for the use of torture, disapproval for the killing of civilians, approval for the right to protest war, and tentative approval for the notion of a right to peace. Women were very much in support of the notion of the right of children to grow up in a world of peace. Further research, analysis and scholarly publication is planned for the future.

## GIPGAP research publications
### Books

* GIPGAP (2009) State Violence and the Right to Peace. Ed. K. Malley-Morrison. 4 Volumes. Westport: Praeger Security International.
* GIPGAP (2013) International Handbook on War, Torture and Terrorism. Ed. K. Malley-Morrison. New York: Springer.
* GIPGAP (2013) International Handbook on Peace and Reconciliation. Ed. K. Malley-Morrison. New York: Springer.

### Journal articles

* Ashy, M.A. & Malley-Morrison, K. (2007). Attitudes towards war in the Middle East from an extremism model perspective. International Psychology Bulletin,11, 8–11.
* Castanheira, H., Corgan, M. & Malley-Morrison, K. (2007). Is peace possible? Citizens´ views. Peace Psychology
* Corgan, M., & Malley-Morrison, K. (2008, Spring). Operation Urgent Folly. International Psychology Bulletin, 28–30.
* Corgan, M., Malley-Morrison, K., & Castanheira, H. (2008). Peace restoration: An ecological formulation. Peace Psychology. 16(2): 8–9.
* Daskalopoulos, M., Zaveri, T., & Malley-Morrison, K. (2006). Greek, Spanish and American perspectives on the right of a country to invade. Peace Psychology, 15(2), 12–14.
* Hashim, K. & Malley-Morrison, K. (2007. Summer). Attitudes toward international treaties and human rights agreements, Peace Psychology, 16, 1
* Lee, Y., Jang, M., Malley-Morrison, K. (2008, Summer). Perceptions of Child Maltreatment in European Americans, Korean Americans, and Koreans. International Psychology Bulletin, 12, 13–16.
* Malley-Morrison, K., & Castanheira, H. (2008). Can governmental aggression be acceptable? Views from the United States and Spain. International Psychology Bulletin, 12(1), 16–21.
* Malley-Morrison, K., Corgan,M., & Castanheira, H.(2007, Fall). Security as an individual and international Issue, International Psychology Bulletin, 11, 30–32.
* Malley-Morrison, K., Daskalopoulos, M., & You, H-S. (2006, winter). International perspectives on governmental aggression, International Psychology Reporter, 19–20.
* Malley-Morrison, K. et al. (2006, spring). International perspectives on war and peace. Peace Psychology, 15(1), 6–7.
* Mercurio, A. E., You, H. S., & Malley-Morrison, K. (2006, Spring). Reasoning about parental rights to physically discipline children in the United States and Korea. International Psychology Bulletin, 10, 12–13.