OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bombardment of Almería

The bombardment of Almería was a naval action which took place on 31 May 1937, during the Spanish Civil War. The Kriegsmarine bombed the city of Almería in retaliation for a Republican air attack on the German cruiser Deutschland.

## Background

In April 1937, the Non-intervention Committee established naval patrols in order to patrol the Spanish coasts and harbors. The naval patrols were furnished by Great Britain, France, Germany and Italy. The Spanish Republican Air Force carried out attacks against the harbor of Mallorca, a known Nationalist naval base. On 24 May 1937, a Republican air raid hit the Italian auxiliary cruiser Barletta [it], killing six Italian sailors and on the morning of 26 May another Republican air raid nearly missed the German torpedo boat Albatros. The commander of the German naval patrol protested, nevertheless Mallorca was a patrol zone assigned to France and the foreign ships were inside Spanish territorial waters. The same day, two Republican bombers piloted by Soviet pilots, attacked the German heavy cruiser Deutschland at Ibiza, killing 20–23 German sailors and wounding 73. Hitler wanted to declare war on the Republic, but instead ordered the city of Almeria to be shelled.

## Bombing of Almeria

At dawn on 31 May 1937, the German heavy cruiser Admiral Scheer and four German destroyers attacked the city of Almeria. The German ships fired 200 shells at the town, killing 19-20 civilians, wounding 50 and destroying 35 buildings. Indalecio Prieto, the Republican minister of Defense wanted to attack the German fleet, but the president Manuel Azaña and the prime minister Juan Negrin were opposed to Prieto's plan because an open war against Germany might have brought the annihilation of the Republic. Negrin and Azaña sent protest notes to the secretary-general of the League of Nations and to the French and the British governments. However, the British and the French governments said that the German attack had been justified.

## Aftermath

On 15 June, Germany denounced a supposed Spanish Republican Navy attack against the German cruiser Leipzig, and on 23 June Germany and Italy withdrew from the Non-Intervention Committee and Portugal withdrew the British observers on its frontier. At the end of July the Italians started a campaign of maritime attacks against Republican and neutral merchant ships. The loss of merchant ships and the beginning of the Second Sino-Japanese War led the Soviets to reduce their aid to the Republic. By mid 1937 the Republic was virtually isolated.
# Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science & Higher Education for Women

Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science & Higher Education for Women is a women's Deemed University in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. It was started in 1957 by the Avinashilingam Education Trust founded by T. S. Avinashilingam Chettiar as Avinashilingam Home Science College for Women which later grow into a university.

## History

Avinashilingam University was a part of University of Madras until it was separated in June 1987. It is now the largest institution in the country for imparting home science education.

## Academics

Since 1989 the university has offered two majors and two ancillaries for the undergraduate degree courses. The academic year is divided into two semesters, each semester having a minimum of 100 working days.

## Rankings

The NIRF (National Institutional Ranking Framework) ranked it 98th among universities in India and 151-200 overall in 2024.

## Faculties

The institute has seven schools which comprise the respective domain departments. Each School is functioning under a Dean who is a senior professor. The various schools are:
* School of Physical Sciences and Computational Sciences
* School of Biosciences
* School of Arts and Social Sciences
* School of Home Sciences
* School of Education
* School of Management Studies
* School of Engineering
* School of Allied Health Science
# The Birth of Love

The Birth of Love (French: La Naissance de l'amour) is a 1993 drama film directed by Philippe Garrel. Garrel also wrote the screenplay together with his long-time collaborators Muriel Cerf and Marc Cholodenko.

## Cast

* Lou Castel as Paul
* Jean-Pierre Léaud as Marcus
* Johanna ter Steege as Ulrika
* Dominique Reymond as Hélène
* Marie-Paule Laval as Fauchon
* Serge Thiriet as Hélène's lover
* Aurélia Alcaïs as Young woman
* Max McCarthy as Pierre
# Dafina Memedov

Dafina Memedov (born 21 February 1990) is a Kosovan-born Albanian former footballer who played as a midfielder. She has been a member of the Albania women's national team.

## Early life

Memedov was born in Kosovo and raised in Sweden. She is of Albanian descent.

## Club career

Memedov has played for IFK Norrköping DFK in Sweden from 2012 to 2016.
# Jung Kil Kim

Jung Kil Kim (born February 23, 1936), also known as Tiger Kim, is a martial arts practitioner. A native of the nation of South Korea, he won numerous titles including the Asian Martial Arts Championship Tournament.

## Early life

Kim attended Dongju College and became an instructor at the Tang Soo Do Moo Duk Kwan Headquarters in Korea. He became a captain in the Korean National Police.

## Later life

Kim served as the President of the AAU Tae Kwon Do Association, and also the State President of Colorado Taekwondo Association. He received a Presidential Champions Award from President George W. Bush, and he served as president of the Korean Taekwondo Association as late as 2006.

## Media

Tiger Kim was on the cover of Official Karate Magazine in October 1980 and Tae Kwon Do Times in November 1985.

## Books

He wrote a number of books including WTF Taekwondo Tang Soo Do Forms and The Ultimate Beginners Guide to Martial Arts: The Difference Between The Arts Explained by Industry Professionals.
# Maryna Zuyeva

Maryna Arturauna Zuyeva (Belarusian: Марына Артураўна Зуева; born 20 March 1992) is a Belarusian speed skater and cyclist, who currently rides for UCI Women's Continental Team Ferei–CCN. She competed in the women's 3000 metres at the 2018 Winter Olympics.
# Fred Schmertz

Fred Schmertz (November 10, 1888 – March 25, 1976) was a founder member of the Millrose Athletic Association in 1908 and the Millrose Games in 1914. For the latter, he was a meet director between 1934 and 1974.
Schmertz acted as an assistant meet director for the Millrose Games from 1915 before acting as a director. He was succeeded in the role of a director by his son, Howard Schmertz. The Millrose Games has become one of the world's foremost international indoor track and field meets.
From 1928, Schmertz also acted in an official capacity for several United States Olympic teams.
Schmertz was inducted posthumously into the International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame in 1989, the Millrose Games Hall of Fame in 2003, and with his son Howard, the United States Track and Field Hall of Fame in 2012.
He was buried in Mount Hebron Cemetery, in Queens, New York.
# Adidas Telstar

Telstar is a football made by Adidas. The iconic 32-panel alternating black-and-white design of the ball, based on the work of Eigil Nielsen, has since become a global standard design used to portray a football in different media.

## History

The ball was first introduced as the "Telstar Elast" for the 1968 European Football Championship. A slightly different ball named "Telstar" was used as the official match ball of the 1970 FIFA World Cup in Mexico. The similar "Telstar Durlast" was one of two official balls, along with the Chile Durlast, of the 1974 FIFA World Cup held in West Germany. The ball was also used in the 1972 and 1976 European Championships.
The Telstar was the first World Cup ball to use the now-familiar truncated icosahedron for its design, consisting of 12 black pentagonal and 20 white hexagonal panels. The 32-panel configuration had been introduced in 1962 by Select Sport, and was also used in the official logo for the 1970 World Cup. The black-and-white pattern, to aid visibility on black and white television broadcasts (colour television was still rare worldwide during this time), was also well established before the Telstar.
The name came from the 1962 Telstar communications satellite, which was roughly spherical and dotted with solar panels, somewhat similar in appearance to the football. Developed by Bell Telephone Laboratories for AT&T Corporation, Telstar was the world's first active communications satellite and was the first to send live television signals, telephone calls, and fax images through space, which inaugurated an age of instant worldwide communications via satellite.
The ball was made of leather. The 1974 model's "Durlast" polyurethane coating provided waterproofing as well as protection from damage such as scuffs and tears.
Only 20 Telstars were provided for the World Cup; an estimated 600,000 replicas were sold subsequently. Some 1970 matches were played with a brown ball. The Chile Durlast was all white and was used during the Italy-Germany semifinal for the first 20 minutes, then it was replaced by a 32 panel black and white due to a deflation.
A new version of the Telstar, named Telstar 18, was the official match ball for the 2018 FIFA World Cup. The design maintains the general pattern, except the corners of the pentagons are stretched into pixellated gradients.
Telstar is now considered a classic design. Although most footballs used in current championships have different designs and sections, in representations of footballs in cartoons, comics, caricatures and decorations in general, footballs inspired by Adidas Telstar are usually used, becoming a universal icon for football to this day.
# USS Rockdale

USS Rockdale (AK-208) was an Alamosa-class cargo ship that was constructed for the US Navy during the closing period of World War II. She served with distinction in the Pacific Ocean theatre of operations and returned home in 1946 to be placed into the "mothball" fleet and sold in 1947.

## Construction

Rockdale was laid down 15 January 1944, under US Maritime Commission (MARCOM) contract, MC hull 2162, by Leathem D. Smith Shipbuilding Company, Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin; launched 1 October 1944; sponsored by Mrs. William R. Crawford; acquired by the Navy from MARCOM on loan-charter basis 5 June 1945; and commissioned at Galveston, Texas, 26 June 1945.

## Service history
### World War II service

Following shakedown off Galveston, Texas, Rockdale got underway from Gulfport, Mississippi, for the Panama Canal. Transiting the Canal 27 July, she proceeded to Hollandia, New Guinea, where she arrived 2 September to unload her cargo. On 9 September she steamed for Australia, reaching Brisbane 17 September. She got underway for Manus Island 25 September arriving 3 October. Underway the next day, she made Saipan on the 10th.
Rockdale got underway on 13 October for Okinawa where she arrived 5 days later. On 1 November she sailed for the Mariana Islands and operated in that island group until getting underway for the Panama Canal on 13 January 1946. She transited the Canal on 20 February and arrived Norfolk, Virginia, on 1 March.

### Post-war inactivation

Rockdale decommissioned there 22 March, was returned to the War Shipping Administration on the 26th for lay-up in the James River, and was struck from the Navy List 12 April 1946.

## Merchant service

Rockdale was sold, 11 February 1947, to Herlof Andersens A/S, of Norway, for $693,862.00. She was wrecked and scrapped in 1969.
# Francis J. Aguilar

Francis Joseph Aguilar (August 19, 1932 – February 17, 2013) was an American scholar of strategic planning and general management. He joined the faculty of Harvard Business School in 1964 and became a tenured professor there in 1971. He served as consultant to many firms and on the boards of Dynamic Research Corporation and Bentley University. He developed the PEST analysis framework, which helps businesses assess external factors that may impact their operations.
His publications include: Scanning the Business Environment (1967), European Problems in General Management (with Edmund P. Learned and Robert C.K. Kaltz, 1963) and General Managers in Action (1988, 1992).
He graduated from RPI and Harvard Business School.

## Archives and records

* Francis J. Aguilar papers at Baker Library Special Collections, Harvard Business School
# Tatsuya Shinhama

Tatsuya Shinhama (born 11 July 1996) is a Japanese speed skater who is specialized in the sprint distances.

## Career

In March 2018 Shinhama won the gold medal at the 500m and 1000m events of the World University Speed Skating Championships in Minsk, Belarus. At the first competition weekend of the 2018–19 ISU Speed Skating World Cup in Obihiro, Japan in March he finished third in the first 500m event. At the second competition weekend in Tomakomai, Japan he won both 500m events, his first victories on the World Cup circuit.

## Personal records

Personal records :
| Speed skating |||||
| Event | Result | Date | Location | Notes |
| 500 m | 33.83 | 9 March 2019 | Utah Olympic Oval, Salt Lake City | NR |
| 1000 m | 1:08.71 | 16 December 2018 | Thialf, Heerenveen | |
| 1500 m | 1:52.14 | 26 September 2014 | Olympic Oval, Calgary | |
| 3000 m | 4:22.96 | 26 December 2014 | Akan | |
# Andreas Dahlén

Andreas Dahlén (born 11 December 1982 in Gävle) is a Swedish former professional footballer who played as a defender. He was a defensive specialist and could play at left back, central defender or defensive midfielder.

## Career

Dahlén began his professional career 2003 with Brynäs IF before joining IFK Norrköping in January 2004. He played for Norrköping from January 2004 to June 2005. In July 2005, he signed for Umeå FC. He played for Umeå in few games before signing for Gefle IF in January 2007. On 10 December 2009, he announced his departure from Gefle and signed a two-and-a-half-year contract with Hansa Rostock. On 13 June 2010, he left Hansa Rostock and signed for FSV Frankfurt. After having only played one match for his club in the 2011–12 season, his contract was terminated by mutual consent on 16 January 2012.
# 1940 Middleton and Prestwich by-election

The 1940 Middleton and Prestwich by-election was held for the Middleton and Prestwich constituency on 22 May 1940, after the death of the sitting MP, Nairne Sandeman. It was held during World War II, and five of the largest political parties – Conservative, Labour, Liberal, National Labour and National Liberal agreed to an electoral pact not to contest any by-elections in seats held by any of the other parties.
The British Union of Fascists (BUF) had contested several recent by-elections, receiving very few votes. During the mid-1930s, the group had been able to organise sizeable demonstrations, but anti-fascist activity and the banning of political uniforms by the Public Order Act 1936 had hit the group hard. The BUF's main message was to call for immediate peace and a pact with the Axis powers; during the "phoney war" period this message had been received calmly, though it did not attract popular support to the party, by then already in decline.
The BUF selected Frederick Haslam, who was 43 years old and working as an engineering designer. Haslam had served in France and Palestine during World War I and had won the Military Medal at the Somme. However, by the time that the by-election campaign started, the British and German armies were fighting in Norway; on 9 May, the Germans invaded France through the Low Countries. This sudden escalation in the war gave many the impression that the BUF were, or could soon become, fifth columnists. Moreover, the seizure of power in Norway by Vidkun Quisling was a matter of concern; Quisling's career was superficially similar to that of BUF leader Oswald Mosley. When Mosley spoke in Middleton and Prestwich, he was attacked with missiles and some attempted to hit him. The government was also preparing to make the BUF illegal under wartime powers, and arrested several Fascist activists in the run-up to the election.
Nairne Stewart Sandeman had held the seat for the Conservative Party since the 1923 general election, and had won more than 60% of the vote in the 1935 general election against a Labour Party challenge. The party chose Ernest Gates to contest the by-election. With only Fascist opposition, the election was expected to be an easy win for Gates, who won resoundingly, with 98.7% of the votes cast and a 97.4% majority: an all-time record for any contested UK parliamentary by-election, and the largest majority in any parliamentary election since East Kerry in the 1885 general election.
Two months later on 10 July, the BUF was banned under Defence Regulation 18B. As a result, this was the final election contested by the party.

## Result

Middleton and Prestwich by-election, 1940 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | Ernest Gates | 32,036 | 98.7 | +37.6 |
| | British Union of Fascists | Frederick Haslam | 418 | 1.3 | New |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 31,618 | 97.4 | +75.2 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 32,454 | 49.0 | –25.5 |
| | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Swing | N/A | |
# Original Underground Music from the Mysterious South

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Original Underground Music from the Mysterious South is an album by American guitarist Norman Blake and the Rising Fawn String Ensemble, released in 1982.

## Track listing

* "New Brick Road" – 3:25
* "Dusty Rose" – 3:45
* "Walnut River" – 2:12
* "Pig on the Engine" – 2:45
* "Third Street Gypsy Rag" – 2:58
* "Georgia Home" – 2:52
* "Peezlewhister" – 3:40
* "Old Fiddler's Roll Call" – 2:04
* "Pueblo" – 2:41
* "The Toneality" – 3:28
* "Natasha's Waltz" – 4:05
* "Blake's March" – 2:25

## Personnel

* Norman Blake – guitar, banjo, mandolin, fiddle
* Peter Ostroushko – mandolin, fiddle, guitar
* Nancy Blake – cello, mandolin
* Carl Jones – guitar, mandola, mandolin, banjo
* Larry Sledge – mandocello
# Støvkornenes dans i solstrålerne

Støvkornenes dans i solstrålerne (Dust Motes Dancing in Sunbeams), also Solstråler (Sunbeams), is an oil painting from 1900 by the Danish Symbolist painter Vilhelm Hammershøi. Considered to be one of the masterpieces of Danish culture, it was included in the 2006 Danish Culture Canon.

## Title

When he exhibited the painting, Hammershøi called it Solskin (sunshine) or Solstråler (sunbeams). It was only later it was given the more poetic title of Støvkornenes dans i solstrålerne. It is displayed in the Ordrupgaard Museum.

## Description

The painting (oil on canvas, 70 x 59 cm) presents an empty room in Hammershøi's 17th-century apartment in the Christianshavn district of Copenhagen. The bare panelled walls, without any furnishings or decorations, are illuminated by rays of winter sunlight shining through the window, a pattern of light and shade falling on the wooden floor.
The central feature of the work is the recessed window, through which shafts of dust-filled light shine diagonally down into the greyness of the room. The lack of colour is typical of Hammershøi. The overall impression is that the painting portrays a dark, silent psychological space although in fact the room was located in a busy part of the city, close to the noise of docks and factories.
Like many of his contemporaries, Hammershøi used photography as a basis for his works. This is also the case here. Indeed, the painting conveys the impression of a black and white photograph with all the intermediate greys while the dusty rays of sunlight give the room a highly poetic look. As in the paintings of the Romantic period, the window can be seen as a symbol of longing and dreaming, connecting the room's interior with the world outside, juxtaposing near and far.
# Jung Mikyung

Jung Mi-Kyung (Korean: 정미경; 4 February 1960 – 18 January 2017) was a modern South Korean novelist.

## Life

Jung Mi-Kyung was born on February 4, 1960, in Masan, South Gyeongsang Province, South Korea. Jung graduated from Ewha Womans University with a degree in English literature and in 1987 made her literary debut by winning the drama category of the JoongAng Literary Award. After this, however, she withdrew from literary work for over a decade, re-entering the scene as a novelist, debuting with the short story "The Woman With Arsenic" in the Fall volume of World Literature. Thereafter, she has concentrated on her literary career with great success.

## Work

Korean critic Kim Kyung-Yeon has referred to Jung's work as, "(portraying) a deceptive society full of absurd spectacles, where truth and falseness are intertwined, appearances define nature, and values are destroyed. She shows us the dark side of post-capitalist society through those who struggle to live amidst these absurd spectacles.

## Selected works
### Works in translation

* He Gave Me Roses of the Balkans (translated by Stella Kim)
* My Son's Girlfriend (translated by Yu Young-nan)

### Works in Korean
#### Short stories

* "Heavy Snow" (폭설)
* "The Woman with Arsenic" (비소여인, 2001)
* "Divide, the Night" (밤이여, 나뉘어라, 2006)

#### Novels

* La Vie en Rose (장밋빛 인생, 2002)
* The Strange Sorrow of Wonderland (이상한 슬픔의 원더랜드, 2005)
* Stars of Africa (아프리카의 별, 2010)

#### Short story collections

* Bloodstained Lover (나의 피투성이 연인, 2004)
* They Gave Me Balkan Roses (발칸의 장미를 내게 주었네, 2006)
* My Son's Girlfriend (내 아들의 연인, 2008)
* French Laundry (프랑스식 세탁소, 2013)

## Awards

* Yi Sang Literature Award (2006) - for "Divide, the Night" (밤이여, 나뉘어라)
* Today's Artist Award (2002)
# Paris Protocols

The Paris Protocols were an agreement between Nazi Germany and Vichy France negotiated in May 1941. Although not ratified, the protocols were implemented. Admiral François Darlan represented the French and the German ambassador to France, Otto Abetz, represented the Nazis. Signed on 28 May 1941, the Paris Protocols granted the Germans military facilities in Syria, Tunisia, and French West Africa. In exchange, the French received reduced occupation costs (down to 15 million Reichsmarks a day from 20 million), return of some 6,800 French experts from prisoner-of-war camps, and ease on the restrictions between "occupied France" and "unoccupied France."
The Paris Protocols are considered the highpoint of Vichy French collaboration with the Nazis. But Darlan wanted still better terms and ultimately the protocols lapsed.
# List of number-one digital singles of 2012 (Japan)

This is a list of songs that reached #1 on the RIAJ Digital Track Chart chart in Japan in 2012. The highest-selling digital singles in Japan are published by Recording Industry Association of Japan. PC downloads and ringtone downloads are not eligible for the chart, only cellphone downloads (Chaku-uta Full) count for the chart.
The chart week runs from Wednesday to Tuesday. The first week of 2012, starting January 3, was merged with the following week (1/4-1/10) due to New Year's celebrations.

## Chart history

| Issue date | Song | Artist(s) |
| January 10 | "Tatoe Donnani..." | Kana Nishino |
| January 17 | "Rising Sun" | Exile |
| January 24 | "Sekai de Ichiban Suteki na Kimi e." | Sonar Pocket |
| January 31 | "Sign" | Juju |
| February 7 | "Hajimari no Toki" | Ayaka |
| February 14 | "Give Me Five!" | AKB48 |
| February 21 | "Give Me Five!" | AKB48 |
| February 28 | "Misenai Namida wa, Kitto Itsuka" | Greeeen |
| March 6 | "Sakura, I Love You?" | Kana Nishino |
| March 13 | "Sakura, I Love You?" | Kana Nishino |
| March 20 | "Inori (Namida no Kidō)" | Mr. Children |
| March 27 | "Inori (Namida no Kidō)" | Mr. Children |
| April 3 | "Inori (Namida no Kidō)" | Mr. Children |
| April 10 | "Inori (Namida no Kidō)" | Mr. Children |
| April 17 | "Getsu Ka Sui Moku Kin Do Nichi. (Kimi ni Okuru Uta)" | Sonar Pocket |
| April 24 | "Orange" | Greeeen |
| May 8 | "Haru Uta" | Ikimono-gakari |
| May 15 | "Be..." | Ms. Ooja |
| May 22 | "Watashitachi" | Kana Nishino |
| May 29 | "Watashitachi" | Kana Nishino |
| June 5 | "Watashitachi" | Kana Nishino |
| June 12 | "Entenka" | Shōnan no Kaze |
| June 19 | "Tadaima" | Juju |
| June 26 | "Believe" | Che'Nelle |
| July 3 | "Believe" | Che'Nelle |
| July 10 | "Believe" | Che'Nelle |
| July 17 | "Believe" | Che'Nelle |
| July 24 | "Go for It!!" | Kana Nishino |