OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Frederick Thomas Trouton

Frederick Thomas Trouton (/ˈtraʊtən/; 24 November 1863 – 21 September 1922) was an Irish physicist known for Trouton's rule and experiments to detect the Earth's motion through the luminiferous aether.

## Life and work

Trouton was born in Dublin on 24 November 1863, the youngest son of the wealthy and prominent Thomas Trouton. He attended Royal School Dungannon and went on to Trinity College, Dublin in 1884, where he studied engineering and physical science. While still an undergraduate student, Trouton observed a relationship between boiling points and energies of vaporisations, which he presented in two short papers. He found the change of entropy per mole for vaporisation at a boiling point is constant, or expressed mathematically ΔS$_{m,vap}$ = 10.5 R (where R is the ideal gas constant). This became known as Trouton's rule and, despite having some exceptions, is used to estimate the enthalpy of vaporisation of liquids whose boiling points are known. Trouton himself belittled his discovery as it was merely the result of an afternoon's manipulation of data from a book of tables. Before graduating he also took a leading role in surveying for a railway.
Trouton graduated Master of Arts and Doctor of Science in 1884, and was immediately appointed assistant to the professor of experimental physics, George Francis FitzGerald. They collaborated on many experiments and became good friends; FitzGerald's influence can be seen in much of Trouton's early work.
Trouton was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in June 1897. His application citation read: "Discovered the law connecting the latent heat of vaporisation and molecular weights of bodies known as "Trouton's law" and experimentally determined the directions of vibration of electric and inaquatic force in plane polarised light. He has made other important observations on the phase of secondary waves and on the influence of the size of the reflector in Hertz's equipment."
A 1902 appointment as Quain Professor of Physics at University College London led to a 12-year career of experimental physics, including work on the Trouton-Rankine experiment. He received an OBE in 1918.
Trouton married Anne Maria Fowler in 1887 and they had four sons and three daughters. Their first two sons, Eric and Desmond, were killed in World War I. He became severely ill in 1912 and an operation in 1914 left him paralysed in the lower limbs and caused his retirement. Despite this, he retained the wit and charm he was known for. After retiring, Trouton lived in Tilford, Surrey, and then Downe in Kent where he died on 21 September 1922.
# Al-Masara

Al-Masara (Arabic: المعصرة, pronounced al-Ma'sara; translation: "the press") is a Palestinian village in the central West Bank, 6.2 km southwest of Bethlehem, part of the Bethlehem Governorate. It is surrounded by a number of smaller Palestinian villages, including Khallet al-Haddad to the east. The population was 1,085 in the 2017 census by the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS).

## History
### Name. Archaeology

Its name, which translates as "the press", derives from the Byzantine Empire-era olive press still located in al-Ma'sara. In 1883 the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) noted "heaps of stones and cisterns" at Khurbet Marsia.

### Establishment (1930)

The modern town was founded in 1930 by members of the Arab al-Zawahra and at-Ta'mirah tribes.

### Post-1967

After the Six-Day War in 1967, Al-Masara has been under Israeli occupation.

## Institutions

A seven-member local development committee was established by the Palestinian National Authority (PNA) to administer the village, most which is located in Area B giving the PNA jurisdiction over al-Ma'sara's civil affairs. The head of the committee is Mahmoud Alaeddin.
There is one mosque, al-Ma'sara Mosque, and a primary and secondary school in the village.

## Economy

Agriculture accounts for 70% of al-Ma'sara's economic activity, while the civil sector makes up 16%. The total land area is 973 dunams, of which 42 dunams are designated built-up. Most of the remainder is arable land, 505 dunams of which are cultivated.
# 735 series

The 735 series (735系) is an electric multiple unit (EMU) train type built in 2010 and operated by Hokkaido Railway Company (JR Hokkaido) on suburban services in the Sapporo area in Hokkaido, Japan, since May 2012.

## Design

The 735 series is intended as an experimental type to evaluate the suitability of aluminium-body rolling stock in the cold climate of Hokkaido. The cab ends however use steel construction. They were tested in winter conditions from 2010 to 2011.
The 735 series sets are able to run in multiple with the 721 series, 731 series, and 733 series suburban EMUs, but not with KiHa 201 series DMUs.

## Formation

Sets are formed as shown below.
| Car No. | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| Designation | Tc1 | M | Tc2 |
| Numbering | KuHa 735-100 | MoHa 735-100 | KuHa 735-200 |
| Weight (t) | 31.8 | 40.1 | 33.3 |
| Capacity (total/seated) | 137/46 | 150/52 | 141/50 |
The MoHa 735 car is fitted with an N-PS785 single-arm pantograph.
* KuHa 735-102
* MoHa 735-102
* KuHa 735-202

## Interior

The 735 series design continues the basic configuration of the earlier 731 series with longitudinal seating throughout. The floor is 100 mm (3.9 in) lower than on previous trains, for improved accessibility. Car 1 has a universal access toilet.
* Interior view, August 2010

## History

Two 3-car sets were delivered from the Hitachi factory in Yamaguchi Prefecture in March 2010.
The sets first entered revenue-earning service on 1 May 2012.
# Cook the Books (TV program)

Cook the Books was a New Zealand cooking show. It is based on the Cook the Books bookstore that focuses on NZ chefs who have released their own cookbooks and to cook from them. The show is hosted by Carly Flynn, and aired its first season on Choice TV on 30 October 2014 along with a second season in 2015.

## Episodes

| No. | Chefs / Guests | Episode air date |
| 1 | Al Brown & Karla Goodwin | October 30, 2014 |
| 2 | Chelsea Winter & Sarah O’Neil | November 6, 2014 |
| 3 | Michael Van de Elzen & Cameron Petley | November 13, 2014 |
| 4 | Martin Bosley & Lauraine Jacobs | November 20, 2014 |
| 5 | Nadia Lim & Alan Brown | November 27, 2014 |
| 6 | Simon Gault & Jeremy Schmid | December 4, 2014 |
| 7 | Robert Oliver & Sachie Nomura | December 11, 2014 |
| 8 | Peta Mathias, Julie Le Clerc & Brett McGreggor | December 18, 2014 |
# God complex

A god complex is an unshakable belief characterized by consistently inflated feelings of personal ability, privilege, or infallibility. The person is also highly dogmatic in their views, meaning the person speaks of their personal opinions as though they were unquestionably correct. Someone with a god complex may exhibit no regard for the conventions and demands of society, and may request special consideration or privileges.
God complex is not a clinical term nor diagnosable disorder and does not appear in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). The recognized diagnostic name for the behaviors associated with a god complex is narcissistic personality disorder (NPD). A god complex may also be associated with mania or a superiority complex.
The first person to use the term "god complex" was Ernest Jones (1913–1951). His description, at least in the contents page of Essays in Applied Psycho-Analysis, describes the god complex as belief that one is a god.

## Jehovah complex

Jehovah complex is a related term used in Jungian analysis to describe a neurosis of egotistical self-inflation. Use included in psychoanalytic contributions to psychohistory and biography, with, for example, Fritz Wittels using the term about Sigmund Freud in his 1924 biography and H. E. Barnes using the term about George Washington and Andrew Jackson.
# Arno Frisch

Arno Frisch (born 13 November 1975) is an Austrian actor. He has had central roles in two films by Michael Haneke, namely, Benny's Video and Funny Games.

## Selected filmography

* Benny's Video (1992) as Benny
* Funny Games (1997) as Paul
* Angel Express (1998) as Doctor
* Julie's Spirit (2001) as Mark
* Blackout Journey (2004) as Valentin
* Your Name Is Justine (2005) as Niko
* The Austrian Method (2006) as Sascha
* Falco - Verdammt, wir leben noch! (2008) as Alois Hölzel
* Make Yourself at Home (2008) as John Waits
* Sleeping Songs (2009) as Rick
* Bedways [de] (2010) as Max Konig
* Blessed Events [fr] (2010) as Herbert
# Jagraon

Jagraon is a city and a municipal council, a rural police district and a sub-division of the Ludhiana district in the Indian state of Punjab. Jagraon is more than three centuries old. Jagraon is at almost the geographical center of the state, 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) from the Satluj River. It is 37 km (23 mi) from its district headquarters Ludhiana, 29 km (18 mi) from Moga, 31 km (19 mi) from Nakodar and 54 miles from Barnala.

## Etymology

Jagraon's original name was Jagar aon, meaning "a place of great flooding", as the region historically experienced flooding. The suffix -graon is derived from the Sanskrit word grama, meaning "village".

## History

Guru Hargobind visited the Jagraon region of Malwa in western Ludhiana and a Gurdwara called 'Guru Sar' was constructed in the village of Kaunke, located 7 km southwest of the city of Jagraon itself, to commemorate his visit to the locality between the years 1631–1632. Jagraon was established by Rai Kamaluddin of Raikot in 1688.
Jagraon is the home of Lala Lajpat Rai, a well-known figure in the Indian Independence movement, who greatly influenced Bhagat Singh. His house is now a municipal library. The chiefs of Jagraon, according to Major Charles Francis Massy's Chiefs and Families of Note in the Punjab, were Chandravanshi Rajputs, the last being Rai Inayat Khan, the custodian of Guru Sahib's Ganga Sagar at the time of the Partition of India in 1947. Rai Aziz Ullah Khan ex-MP (MNA) in Pakistan is the grandson of Rai Inayat Khan. Soldier Havildar Ishar Singh, who fought the Battle of Saragarhi in 1897, was also a native of Jagraon.

## Festivals

Jagraon is most famous for Roshni Mela which is held at the mazar of Peer Baba Mohkumdeen. This event sees the attendance of thousands of people from all over Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh

## Geography and connectivity

Jagraon is located at 30°47′N 75°29′E﻿ / ﻿30.78°N 75.48°E﻿ / 30.78; 75.48. It has an average elevation of 234 metres (768 ft).

## Demographics

According to the 2001 Indian census, Jagraon had a population of 60,106. Males constituted 53% of the population and females 47%. Jagraon had an average literacy rate of 68%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 71%, and female literacy is 65%. In Jagraon, 11% of the population was under 6 years of age.
The table below shows the population of different religious groups in Jagraon city and their gender ratio, as of 2011 census.
Population by religious groups in Jagraon city, 2011 census :
| Religion | Total | Female | Male | Gender ratio |
| Sikh | 34,828 | 16,670 | 18,158 | 918 |
| Hindu | 28,501 | 13,314 | 15,187 | 876 |
| Muslim | 870 | 364 | 506 | 719 |
| Jain | 529 | 258 | 271 | 952 |
| Christian | 237 | 118 | 119 | 991 |
| Buddhist | 14 | 5 | 9 | 555 |
| Other religions | 74 | 36 | 38 | 947 |
| Not stated | 187 | 88 | 99 | 888 |
| Total | 65,240 | 30,853 | 34,387 | 889 |
# Zomo the Rabbit

Zomo the Rabbit is a 1992 book by Gerald McDermott based on a Nigerian folktale from Hausa folklore that explains why the rabbit runs so fast from other animals.

## Reception

Booklist, in a starred review of Zomo the Rabbit, wrote "Wildly exuberant, full of slapstick and mischief, this version of an enduring Nigerian trickster tale is a storyteller's delight." and School Library Journal wrote "With its small but triumphant hero clad in a colorful dashiki and a cap, its dazzling design, and its great good humor, this story will be a pleasure to use with children."
Publishers Weekly called it a "straightforward retelling" and wrote "McDermott's gouache illustrations in brilliant hues of fuchsia, green and orange recall the color and geometric lines of West African textiles."

## Awards

* 1993 National Council of Teachers of English (NCTE) Adventuring with Books book
* 1993-94 Alabama (Camellia) Children's Choice Picture Book Award - winner
* 1994 Anne Izard Storytellers' Choice Award - winner
* 1994 Florida Reading Association Children's Book Award - winner
* 1994 NCTE Kaleidoscope book
* 1996 Montana Treasure State Picture Book Award - winner
* 1996 Young Hoosier Picture Book Award - winner
# William Kerr, 5th Marquess of Lothian

General William John Kerr, 5th Marquess of Lothian, KT (13 March 1737 – 4 January 1815), styled Lord Newbattle until 1767 and Earl of Ancram from 1767 to 1775, was a British soldier and peer.

## Early life

He was the son of William Kerr, 4th Marquess of Lothian and Lady Caroline D'Arcy (daughter of the 3rd Earl of Holderness and a scion of the House of Schomberg).

## Career

He succeeded to the title in 1775.

## Personal life

He married Elizabeth Fortescue, daughter of Chichester Fortescue of Dromisken, County Louth, and Elizabeth (née Wesley), on 15 July 1762. They had nine children:
* William Kerr, 6th Marquess of Lothian (4 October 1763 – 27 April 1824)
* Lady Elizabeth Kerr (2 September 1765 – 13 August 1822), married John Dormer, 10th Baron Dormer, without issue
* Lady Caroline Sidney Kerr (8 September 1766 – 24 January 1829)
* Lady Mary Kerr (5 December 1767 – 6 February 1791), married Gen. Hon. Frederick St John and had issue
* Lady Louisa Kerr (30 November 1768 – 23 June 1819), who married Arthur Atherley on 2 June 1793 and had issue
* Lady Harriet Kerr (b. 12 October 1770; died young)
* Lord Charles Beauchamp Kerr (19 July 1775 – 2 March 1816), married Elizabeth Crump (d. 1830) and had issue
* Vice-Admiral Lord Mark Robert Kerr (12 November 1776 – 9 September 1840), married Charlotte Macdonnell, suo jure Countess of Antrim, and had issue
* Maj.-Gen. Lord Robert Kerr (14 September 1780 – 23 June 1843), married Mary Gilbert (d. 1861) and had issue
He was buried at St Andrew's parish Church, Farnham, Surrey on 19 January 1815.
# Athani

Athani may refer to:

## Greece

* Athani, Greece

## India

* Athani, Belgavi, a city in Karnataka
** Athani Taluk, a taluk in Karnataka in Belgaum district
** Athani Rural, a village in Karnataka
* Athani, Thrissur, a village in Kerala
* Athani, Ernakulam, a village in Kerala
* Athani, Erode, a village in Tamil Nadu
# Hampstead War Memorial

The Hampstead War Memorial is located in front of Heath House opposite Jack Straw's Castle, on the northern fringes of Hampstead Heath in London where North End Way, Heath Street and Spaniards Road meet. The memorial marks the deaths of local individuals who died fighting in the First World War and the Second World War. It was dedicated on 4 May 1922 by the Bishop of Willesden, William Perrin, in a ceremony attended by Major General Sir Charles Vere Ferrers Townshend. The memorial is a tall thin stone obelisk on a square plinth with a three-step base.
The memorial has been Grade II listed on the National Heritage List for England since 2015.
# Mari Buchian

Mari Buchian is a village in Batala in Gurdaspur district of Punjab State, India. It is located 35 kilometres (22 mi) from sub district headquarter, 45 kilometres (28 mi) from district headquarter and 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) from Sri Hargobindpur. The village is administered by a Sarpanch who is an elected representative of the village.

## Demography

As of 2011, The village has a total number of 1050 houses and the population of 5311 of which 2759 are males while 2552 are females. According to the report published by Census India in 2011, out of the total population of the village 416 people are from Schedule Caste and the village does not have any Schedule Tribe population so far.

## Notable people

* Dr. Daljeet Singh Cheema- Former Education Minister of Punjab
# Chewton Glen

Chewton Glen is a five star hotel and spa located on the edge of the New Forest National Park on the south coast of England. It is a member of the Relais & Châteaux association and is part of the Iconic Luxury Hotels group, which includes Cliveden House, 11 Cadogan Gardens and The Lygon Arms.

## History

Historic document suggest that the house was originally built in the eighteenth century, with the first recorded mention of 'Chewton Glen House' appearing in 1732.
Captain Frederick Marryat stayed here for periods in the 1840s, during which time he was writing the novel The Children of the New Forest. Marryat's brother, George, owned the property from 1837 until 1855.
In 1947 the house was bought, with the nearby farm, stables and 120 hectares of land, by the Duval (or Devall) family, who restored the old buildings. They converted the property into a hotel in 1962. The hotel was sold to Martin Skan and his brother Trevor in 1966. At that time only two rooms had their own bathroom, but within a few years they modernised the hotel with new kitchens, a lounge, a dining room and 45 hotel rooms, each with a private bath. Within ten years the hotel had an international reputation, and the Skans remained proprietors for 40 years.
In 2006, Chewton Glen was bought by the property magnate Ian Livingstone. It has since become one of many hotels owned by London & Regional Properties, a property company which Livingstone founded with his brother, Richard Livingstone in 1987.
In 2010 the hotel hosted a charity drive by Chris Evans which raised money for local and national charities, including Children in Need.
In 2022, Strictly Come Dancing star Karen Hauer married her partner Jordan Wyn-Jones at the hotel.

## Location

Chewton Glen Hotel is situated in New Milton in Hampshire on the south coast of England. The name "Chewton Glen" refers to a tree-lined ravine, otherwise known as Chewton Bunny, a short distance to the south of the hotel.
# List of South Devon Railway locomotives

Locomotive classes used by the broad gauge South Devon Railway, later amalgamated with the Great Western Railway.
| Class | code | Wheel arrangement | Builder | Driving wheels | Cylinders | Introduced | Withdrawn | Number built | Names |
| Comet | D41 | 4-4-0ST | | 5 ft 9 in | 17 in × 24 in | 1851 | 1884 | 12 | Comet, Lance, Rocket, Meteor, Priam, Aurora, Damon, Ostrich, Falcon, Orion, Ixion, Osiris |
| Antelope | D42 | 4-4-0ST | Slaughter, Grüning & Co. | 5 ft 6 in | 16½ in × 24 in | 1859 | 1892 | 15 | Hawk, Eagle, Elk, Lynx, Gazelle, Mazeppa, Giraffe, Lion, Antelope, Wolf, Tiger, Hector, Cato, Dart, Pollux, Castor |
| Zebra | D43 | 4-4-0ST | Avonside Engine Co. | 5 ft 8 in | 17 in × 24 in | 1866 | 1892 | 6 | Sedley, Gorgon, Titan, Pluto, Zebra, Sol |
| Stag | D44 | 4-4-0ST | Avonside Engine Co. | 5 ft 9 in | 17 in × 24 in | 1872 | 1892 | 4 | Leopard, Stag, Lance, Osiris |
| Heron | D46 | 4-4-0ST | South Devon Railway | 5 ft 3 in | 17 in × 24 in | 1872 | 1892 | 2 | Heron, Magpie |
| King | D47 | 2-4-0T | Avonside Engine Co. | 3 ft | 9 in × 16 in | 1871 | 1878 | 1 | King |
| Prince | D48 | 2-4-0ST | South Devon Railway | 4 ft | 12 in × 17 in | 1871 | 1892 | 1 | Prince, Saturn, Jupiter, Mercury |
| Penwith | D49 | 2-4-0ST | Stothert & Slaughter | 5 ft | 15 in × 22 in | 1872 | 1888 | 1 | Penwith |
| Tiny | D50 | 0-4-0VBT | Sara and Co. | 3 ft | 9 in × 12 in | 1872 | 1888 | 1 | Tiny |
| Weasel | D51 | 0-4-0WT | Avonside Engine Co. | 3 ft | 11 in × 16 in | 1873 | 1893 | 3 | Owl, Goat, Weasel |
| Raven | D52 | 0-4-0ST | Avonside Engine Co. | 3 ft | 14 in × 18 in | 1874 | 1892 | 5 | Raven, Rook, Lark, Crow, Jay |
| Tornado | D61 | 0-6-0ST | Vulcan Foundry | 4 ft 9 in | 17 in × 24 in | 1854 | 1885 | 4 | Volcano, Tornado, Sampson, Goliath |
| Ada | D62 | 0-6-0ST | Slaughter, Grüning & Co. | 4 ft 6 in | 16½ in × 24 in | 1860 | 1887 | 5 | Dido, Hero, Rosa |
| Romulus | D63 | 0-6-0ST | Slaughter, Grüning & Co. | 4 ft 9 in | 17 in × 24 in | 1860 | 1892 | 8 | Hebe, Ajax, Brutus, Argo, Atlas, Juno, Romulus, Remus |
| Taurus | D64 | 0-6-0ST | Avonside Engine Co. | 3 ft | 12½ in × 16 in | 1869 | 1892 | 1 | Taurus |
| Camel | D65 | 0-6-0ST | Avonside Engine Co. | 4 ft 9 in | 17 in × 24 in | 1872 | 1892 | 10 | Buffalo, Elephant, Camel, Hercules, Dragon, Achilles, Dromedary, Emperor, Python, Vulcan |
| Redruth | D66 | 0-6-0ST | | 4 ft 9 in | 17 in × 24 in | 1871 | 1887 | 1 | Redruth |
| GWR Sir Watkin class | A63 | 0-6-0ST | GWR | 4 ft 6 in | 17 in × 24 in | 1872 | 1892 | 1 | Saunders |
| GWR 'Banking' class | A61 | 0-6-0ST | GWR | 5 ft | 17 in × 24 in | 1872 | 1889 | 1 | Stromboli |
# FSV 08 Bissingen

FSV 08 Bietigheim-Bissingen is a German association football club from the town of Bietigheim-Bissingen, Baden-Württemberg. The club plays in the tier five Oberliga Baden-Württemberg.

## History

The club was formed in 1908 as Fußballclub Viktoria Bissingen. In 1919 the club merged with Sportvereinigung Bissingen but the new club was outlawed by the Nazis in 1934. The football department joined TV Bissingen after that but the latter was dissolved during the Second World War. The club reformed after the war and, in 1950, the football department left to form the current club, FSV 08 Bissingen. The club climbed as high as the tier four 2. Amateurliga in the 1950s but then disappeared into local amateur football for the next decades. FSV started its rise through the league system in 2000 when it won promotion to the Bezirksliga, followed by promotion to the Landesliga four years later. In the same season, 2003–04 it also made a losing appearance in the Württemberg Cup final against VfR Aalen. The club won promotion to the Verbandsliga Württemberg in 2006 and finished runners-up in this league in 2009. In the promotion round to the Oberliga it lost to TSG Weinheim but met the same club again three years later in its second attempt at Oberliga promotion. Successful on this occasion, FSV played in the Oberliga Baden-Württemberg in 2012–13 but finished second-last and was relegated again. The club played two more seasons in the Verbandsliga until it won the league for the first time and another promotion in 2015.

## Honours

The club's honours:
* Verbandsliga Württemberg
** Champions: 2015
** Runners-up: 2009, 2012
* Landesliga Württemberg I
** Champions: 2006

## Recent seasons

The recent season-by-season performance of the club:
| Season | Division | Tier | Position |
| 2004–05 | Landesliga Württemberg I | VI | 2nd |
| 2005–06 | Landesliga Württemberg I | VI | 1st ↑ |
| 2006–07 | Verbandsliga Württemberg | V | 11th |
| 2007–08 | Verbandsliga Württemberg | V | 11th |
| 2008–09 | Verbandsliga Württemberg | VI | 2nd |
| 2009–10 | Verbandsliga Württemberg | VI | 6th |
| 2010–11 | Verbandsliga Württemberg | VI | 3rd |
| 2011–12 | Verbandsliga Württemberg | VI | 2nd ↑ |
| 2012–13 | Oberliga Baden-Württemberg | V | 17th ↓ |
| 2013–14 | Verbandsliga Württemberg | VI | 3rd |
| 2014–15 | Verbandsliga Württemberg | VI | 1st ↑ |
| 2015–16 | Oberliga Baden-Württemberg | V | 3rd |
| 2016–17 | Oberliga Baden-Württemberg | V | 2nd |
| 2017–18 | Oberliga Baden-Württemberg | V | 4th |
| 2018–19 | Oberliga Baden-Württemberg | V | 3rd |
* With the introduction of the Regionalligas in 1994 and the 3. Liga in 2008 as the new third tier, below the 2. Bundesliga, all leagues below dropped one tier.
| ↑ Promoted | ↓ Relegated |