OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Showplace

Showplace is a 3D computer graphics program. It was released in the 1990s by Pixar with versions for Apple Macintosh and Microsoft Windows. The Mac version was co-developed by Phil Beffrey and Dana Batali. Version 1.0 sold for US$995. It would create a basic model, from which the user could change model surfaces and set lighting and camera angles. Version 2.0, which cost $495–695, provided additional modeling tools for users called Clip Objects Library and required Pixar's Renderman for rendering images. Users can import models from other software by using RIB-format files.

## Features

Version 1.0:
* 42 Clip Object library
* Import objects using RIB format
* Requires 32 bit QuickDraw, math coprocessor
* LabelMaker utility for creating Looks
* Four kinds of lights (ambient, sun, point, spot light)
* Unlimited number of lights
* Background rendering
* Export TIFF and PICT images
Version 1.1
* Upgrade for Mac Quadra 700 and 900
* CD version ($695 US)
Version 2.0 features
* 18 plugins for basic geometry shapes
* Import Adobe Illustrator 3.0+ files, DXF files
* Create 3D type from outline fonts
* Lathe curves while creating 3D objects
* Glimpse
* Professional Look browser
* Three-node version of NetRenderMan
* MacRenderMan standard render
In 1992 Valis group created PrimeRIB object library and PickTure ($345 US) and three shader libraries ($345 US) for Showplace.
It was discontinued when Pixar chose to concentrate on film production instead of application development.

## Universal Scene Description

Pixar's Universal Scene Description (USD) software tool included many Showplace features, such as importing models, creating basic models and applying transformations. Transformations include organizing, rotating and scaling models, adding lights, adjusting and changing lighting and changing model materials. USD is designed to work with the modern 3D animation pipeline. Unlike Showplace, Pixar uses USD to create 3D animated movies. USD uses an internal OpenGL renderer. Pixar released an open-source version of Universal Scene Description on 26 July 2016.
# Hizmetçi İdaresi

Hizmetçi İdaresi, was a state organization for servants in the Ottoman Empire, founded in 1908. It worked as an asylum to formerly enslaved women and children, and an employment agency for female domestic servants.

## History

In the Ottoman Empire and the Muslim world, there was no tradition with free maidservants. Free Muslim women where expected to live in sex segregation in as high degree as possible. This made it difficult for Muslim women to work as domestic servants in the home of another family. I also made it difficult to employ free male servants. The domestic servants of private homes in the Islamic world where therefore normally slaves; female slaves or eunuchs, purchased as children. To work as domestic servants was one of the two main tasks for female slaves during the era of slavery in the Muslim world, alongside that of sexual slavery (concubinage in Islam). When a slave was freed, they rarely had not other obtion that to continue to work for their former owners, with no true difference in their conditions or status.
Slavery in the Ottoman Empire was nominally abolished by the Reform of 1889. From this point on the house slaves where referred to as servants rather than slaves, but where de facto still slaves. The nominal emancipation made it easier for employers to get rid of slaves they no longer wanted by firing them rather than to sell them. Consequently, a class of free maidservants was created.
By this point in time the new concept of free employed maidservants was first described in Ottoman literature, where they were described with suspicion as potential untrustworthy seductresses and criminals. Former female slaves rarely had other obtions than to continue to work for their former enslavers. If they were fired, they were often forced to rely on prostitution to survive.
The Young Turks founded the Hizmetçi İdaresi as a Servant Institution to assist former female slaves to find employment as domestic workers and maidservants in order to escape prostitution to survive. In practice, however, the institution is reported to have functioned as a slave market. In Ottoman society, free domestic servants where not viewed as different from chattel slaves, and there were no distinction made between the two categories. Until the end of the 19th-century, domestic servants had been synonymous with slaves, since there had been no free servants. Female slaves where still sold in public in the Ottoman Empire in 1908.
# Nalas

Nalas (Persian: نلاس) is a city in Rabat District of Sardasht County, West Azerbaijan province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, Nalas's population was 5,891 in 1,088 households, when it was a village in, and the capital of, Melkari Rural District of Vazineh District. The following census in 2011 counted 6,985 people in 1,740 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 8,503 people in 2,125 households. It was the most populous village in its rural district.
After the census, the village of Nalas was elevated to the status of a city. In 2022, the city was separated from the district in the establishment of Rabat District.
# 1782 Mendoza earthquake

The 1782 Mendoza earthquake took place in the province of Mendoza, Argentina, on 22 May 1782, at about 4 PM (UTC-3). It had an estimated magnitude of 7.0 in the Richter scale. Its epicenter was at 33°0′S 69°12′W﻿ / ﻿33.000°S 69.200°W﻿ / -33.000; -69.200, at a depth of 30 km.
This was the first documented earthquake of many which would affect the provincial capital of Mendoza since its foundation. It was felt with grade VIII (Severe) on the Mercalli intensity scale, and damaged several buildings, but did not produce casualties.
# Turkish declaration of war on Germany and Japan

On 23 February 1945 Turkey declared war on Nazi Germany and the Empire of Japan. It was proposed in a speech made by Turkish Prime Minister Şükrü Saracoğlu during a special session. The resolution passed unanimously by the parliament and was published on Official Gazette next day. Turkey became a party to the Declaration by United Nations at the same time.

## Text of the declaration

   Friends, in the last years of human history, some people have sprung up. They adorned their flags with nonsense like the superior race and the habitat. Not only that, they started to subjugate small and innocent nations one by one by violating all the rules of right and justice, and they turned the world into a black dungeon. In the face of this scene, the great powers, trying to save humanity, civilization, freedom and democracy, took up arms one after the other and gave the hope of living to the world again thanks to great, heavy and long sacrifices.
   From the first moments of danger, the Republic of Turkey has put its word, weapon and heart on the side of the democratic nations and has moved in the same direction with the decisions it has taken as the Parliament and the Government until today. Today, we want to take one more step and join those who want to save humanity, civilization, freedom, independence, democracy and punish the perpetrators of war with violence, and this time officially fill the place that we have occupied for a long time among the war partners. In order to achieve this, we want to declare war on Germany and Japan in accordance with our national interests as well as the interests of the world and humanity.
   Friends, the historical decisions taken by the Grand Assembly have always been very beneficial and auspicious decisions, and have been appreciated by the whole Turkish nation and the whole world. Today, we are faced with a historic decision. Your government is sincerely convinced that the positive decision to be taken for this matter will provide great benefits to the Turkish nation.
# 1946 Wimmera by-election

A by-election was held in the Wimmera electorate in regional Victoria on 9 February 1946, following the resignation of independent MP Alexander Wilson.

## Results

Wimmera by-election, 1946 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Country | Winton Turnbull | 15,284 | 43.09 | +43.09 |
| | Country | Cliff Everett | 6,724 | 18.96 | +18.96 |
| | Independent Country | James Stoddart | 6,361 | 17.93 | +17.93 |
| | Independent Labor | John Somerville Smith | 2,923 | 8.24 | +8.24 |
| | Independent | Arnold Eberle | 2,042 | 5.71 | +5.71 |
| | Independent Labor | Fred Arlington-Burke | 1,824 | 5.14 | +5.14 |
| | Independent | Louis Phillips | 312 | 0.88 | +0.88 |
| Total formal votes | Total formal votes | Total formal votes | 35,470 | 95.45 | –2.41 |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 1,692 | 4.55 | +2.41 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 37,162 | 82.89 | –13.73 |
| Two-party-preferred result ||||||
| | Country | Winton Turnbull | 20,924 | 58.99 | +58.99 |
| | Country | Cliff Everett | 14,546 | 41.01 | +41.01 |
| | Country gain from Independent Country | Country gain from Independent Country | Swing | +16.24 | |
# Artie Legacy Medal

The National Rugby League's Artie Legacy Medal is an award that was inaugurated in the 2023 NRL season to be presented to the best player on the field in each match played between the Dolphins and Sydney Roosters. It was created to honour rugby league Immortal Arthur “Artie” Beetson, who was himself a former player and coach of both the Redcliffe Dolphins and the Eastern Suburbs Roosters.
It is intended that the Medal be "... played for and at every game between the two organisations that enabled him [Beetson] to achieve his Immortal status."

## Fixtures & Results

| Winning Team | Score | Losing Team | Medal Recipient | Match information | Match information | Match information | Match information |
| Winning Team | Score | Losing Team | Medal Recipient | Date and time | Venue | Referee | Crowd |
| Dolphins | 28–18 | Sydney Roosters | Felise Kaufusi | Sunday 5 March 2023 (Round 1) | Suncorp Stadium | Chris Butler | 32,177 |
| Sydney Roosters | 30-14 | Dolphins | Billy Smith | Saturday 12 August 2023 (Round 24) | Allianz Stadium | Todd Smith | 13,704 |
| Sydney Roosters | 40-34 | Dolphins | Sam Walker | Friday 2 August 2024 (Round 22) | HBF Park, Perth | Gerard Sutton | 20,027 |
| TBC | TBC | TBC | TBC | Friday 2 May 2025 (Round 9) | Suncorp Stadium, Brisbane | TBC | TBC |
| TBC | TBC | TBC | TBC | Saturday 9 August 2025 (Round 23) | Suncorp Stadium, Brisbane | TBC | TBC |
# Fotis Kezos

Fotis Kezos (born July 25, 1995) is a Cypriot professional footballer who plays as a centre back for Ypsonas. He can also play as a defensive midfielder.

## Career

He started his career at AEK Athens academy, before graduating to the first team. He followed this up with spells at Othellos Athienou and Nea Salamis before joining Ermis Aradippou.
On 4 July 2017, Kezos joined Leeds United, where he would link up with former Ermis manager Carlos Corberán, who is the head coach of the under-23 side.
On 8 January 2019, Digenis Oroklinis announced the signing of Kezos. In September 2019, he signed with Aris Limassol FC.

## International career

Kezos has represented Cyprus U-17 and Cyprus U-19 at international level.

## Honours

AEK Athens
* Football League 2: 2013–14 (6th Group)
# 1946 South Ayrshire by-election

The 1946 South Ayrshire by-election was held on 7 February 1946. The by-election was held due to the death of the incumbent Labour MP, Alexander Sloan. It was won by the Labour candidate Emrys Hughes, with a swing against his party of less than 1%.
South Ayrshire by-election, 1946 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Emrys Hughes | 20,434 | 60.43 | −0.91 |
| | Unionist | Robert Mathew | 13,382 | 39.57 | +0.91 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 7,052 | 20.86 | −1.83 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 33,816 | | |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | | |
# James Baird (footballer)

James Baird (born 25 May 1983) is a Scottish former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He works as head coach for the British Virgin Islands women's national team.

## Playing career

After moving between a number of Scottish clubs, including Alloa Athletic, Faroese clubs and Trinidad and Tobago Professional Football League club Tobago United. He moved to Iceland in May 2017 to sign with Snæfell/UDN.
Baird made four appearances for Scotland U17 in 2001 and 2002.

## Coaching career

Baird trained with the British Virgin Islands national team and played for the under-23s in a small local tournament but after eligibility problems, decided against representing the senior side. There has been rumours of a return in 2016 for the Caribbean cup. Baird is also the Technical Director and goalkeeper for the West Indies Football Association.
All throughout Baird's career he has also coached whilst playing, as a young player helping out with his hometown club Broxburn Colts goalkeepers to working with Coerver as Gk coach. His first real coaching role was with MB1905 ladies team where he coached whilst playing for the club, The team did well getting promotion to the top woman's division. Baird has also coached T&T Highlanders, The West Indies National team and Guaya United in the Trinidad and Tobago Super league.
In summer 2021 Baird was appointed goalkeeper coach of the Trinidad and Tobago women's national team.
# Liu Yujian (footballer)

Liu Yujian (simplified Chinese: 刘玉建; traditional Chinese: 劉玉建; pinyin: Liú Yùjiàn; born 31 January 1979) is a Chinese former footballer, currently serving as an assistant coach at Dalian Yingbo.

## Club career

Liu was promoted to the first-team squad of Dalian Wanda in 1997. He represented China U20 in the 1998 AFC Youth Championship. His position was replaced since Adilson's arrival, and sought for transfer in 2002.
In 2002, he moved to Dalian Sidelong. A year later, he followed his manager Xu Hong and moved to Sichuan First City. In 2004, during a match against Beijing Guoan, Sui Dongliang's tackle caused serious fracture on his right leg. As a result, he was unable to play for an entire year.
In 2006, he joined Changchun Yatai, before returning to Dalian Shide in 2008.
In 2010, he joined the newly-established Dalian Aerbin. Since 2012, he has been working as manager after his retirement at Dalian Aerbin. He managed Dalian Yifang U19 team since 2019, and gradually promoted to the U21 team. In 2022, Dalian Pro U21 team would compete as an independent club named Dalian Jinshiwan, and Liu remained the manager of the team.
# 1870 Batang earthquake

On April 11, 1870, a moment magnitude 7.3 earthquake struck Batang County in Sichuan, China. The earthquake had a maximum Modified Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme). The earthquake and a large fire resulted in between 2,300 and 5,000 fatalities.

## Tectonic setting

Sichuan is located at the edge of the Tibetan Plateau, a portion of the continental crust within the Eurasian Plate that was thickened and uplifted by the India–Asia collision. Deformation of the Eurasian Plate within the collision zone is accommodated by active thrust and left-lateral faulting. A great portion of strike-slip deformation is accommodated along the Altyn Tagh, Kunlun, Haiyuan and Xianshuihe fault systems.

## Earthquake

The earthquake occurred as a result of right-lateral strike-slip faulting along the Batang Fault. The Batang Fault is an active northeast–southwest trending strike-slip fault. Seismicity has been recognized on the fault since the Holocene. An annual slip rate of 3–4 mm was indicated by GPS observations. Earthquakes on the fault have a recurrence interval of 700 years. Recent earthquakes on the fault include a M$_s$  6.7 in 1989 and a 5.5 in 1996. The earthquake was misdated to 1868 or 1869 by William Mesny. It was also misdated to 1871.

## Damage

The earthquake triggered large landslides that were mainly concentrated around the epicenter area. Steep mountain slopes fell into a river, forming dams. The earthquake itself reportedly killed 1,000 people in the town of Batang. Many temples collapsed and about 90 percent of wood infrastructures were destroyed. A large number of residents were buried under collapsed buildings. A conflagration was triggered, resulting in a further 4,000 deaths. Intensities VIII to X was felt along the fault trace in a northeast–southwest orientation.
# Medari massacre

The Medari massacre was the mass murder of 22 Croatian Serb civilians on 1 May 1995 by members of the Croatian Army (HV) during Operation Flash.

## Background

In 1990, following the electoral defeat of the government of the Socialist Republic of Croatia by the Croatian Democratic Union (Croatian: Hrvatska demokratska zajednica, HDZ), ethnic tensions between Croats and Serbs worsened. The self-styled Republic of Serb Krajina (RSK) declared its intention to secede from Croatia and join the Republic of Serbia while the Government of the Republic of Croatia declared it a rebellion. In June 1991 Croatia declared independence from Yugoslavia. Tensions eventually broke out into full-scale war, which lasted until 1995.
From May 1–3, 1995, the Croatian Army conducted Operation Flash against the RSK. The military operation succeeded in capturing 558-square-kilometre territory in Western Slavonia from RSK forces.

## Massacre

On 1 May 1995, according to Zagreb-based NGO Documenta and the Croatian Helsinki Committee, the Croatian Army killed 22 civilians, including 11 women and three children, in the village of Medari near Nova Gradiška in Western Slavonia. Two sisters, Radmila and Mirjana Vukovic survived the massacre by chance because they went to high school in a nearby town in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Their father, mother and seven-year-old sister were killed that day.

## Aftermath

After the NGOs filed complaints with the State's Attorney Office of the Republic of Croatia in Slavonski Brod, the police did not file criminal charges in relation to the event as late as 2006.
In April 2012, the State's Attorney Office of the Republic of Croatia in Osijek published that a criminal complaint was filed about the case on 15 September 2010, and that they were conducting an investigation into it. In May 2013, they said they made inquiries with witnesses and relatives of the victims in collaboration with Serbian authorities, and requested more information from the ICTY and an investigation from the police.
In 2021, the investigation was still pending, and the only active court cases about it in Croatia were the lawsuits filed by families of the victims, notably the constitutional complaints from the survivors about the ineffectiveness of the legal system in handling their case.
# List of shedding-type games

In shedding-type games, the player's objective is to empty one's hand of all cards or tiles before all other players.

## Games with action/power/trick cards

In these games, players win by having the fewest points.
* Crazy Eights
* Craits
* One Card
* Cabo
* Mau Mau
* Switch
* Whot!

## Progressively add rules

* Bartok
* Mao

## One suit per player

* Red nines

## One deck per pair

Players play in pairs, shed sets of cards for points and win by reaching a certain point value.
* Biriba
* Canasta

## Different trump suit per player

* Farmer Henry

## Bluffing

* Cheat

## Asian games

* Big two
* Daifugō
* Dou dizhu
* Guandan
* President
* Tien len
* Zheng Fen

## Proprietary

* Boom-O
* Castle
* Lexicon
* Phase 10
* Taco Cat Goat Cheese Pizza
* Taki
* Uno
* Whot

## Miscellaneous

* Cards in the hat
* Speed
# Bakdalsan

Bakdalsan is a mountain in the county of Goesan, North Chungcheong Province in South Korea. It has an elevation of 825 m (2,707 ft).
# Dongaksan

Dongaksan is a mountain of South Jeolla Province, western South Korea. It has an elevation of 745 metres (2,444 ft).
# R. C. Faldu

Ranchhodbhai Chanabhai Faldu (born 1 August 1957) was a Member of Legislative assembly from Kalavad constituency in Gujarat for its 12th legislative assembly and Jamnagar South in 14th assembly. He was a cabinet minister of Agricultural, Fisheries, Animal Husbandry, and Transport field of Gujarat in 2017.

## Early life and education

Faldu was born in a family of farmers in Kalavad, Jamnagar district, Bombay State (now in Gujarat). He was the youngest of nine children born to Chanabhai Virabhai Faldu and Rambhaben Chanabhai Faldu. Faldu's family belonged to the Leuva Patel community. He studied at Virani Science College, Rajkot and passed Class 10, clearing the old SSC (Class 11) examinations.

## Career

Faldu won from Jamnagar Assembly constituency representing the Bharatiya Janata Party in the 2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election. He first became an MLA winning from Kalavad Assembly constituency in the 1998 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election and retained the seat for the next two terms winning the 2002 election and the 2007 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election.
# Mindungsan (Gangwon)

Mindungsan is a mountain in the county of Jeongseon, Gangwon-do in South Korea. It has an elevation of 1,118.8 m (3,671 ft).
# Nové Sedlo (Louny District)

Nové Sedlo (German: Neusattel bei Saaz) is a municipality and village in Louny District in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 600 inhabitants.

## Administrative division

Nové Sedlo consists of six municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
* Nové Sedlo (724)
* Břežany (42)
* Chudeřín (13)
* Číňov (12)
* Sedčice (124)
* Žabokliky (34)

## Notable people

* Eugen Gura (1842–1906), Austrian opera singer
# Sangsan

Sangsan is a mountain of South Korea. It has an elevation of 825 metres.
# Villalón

Villalón or Villalon may refer to:
* Alberto Villalón (1882–1955), one of the greatest musicians in the Cuban trova style
* Consuelo Villalon Aleman (1907–1998), a well-known Mexican pianist during the 20th century
* Eric Villalon (born 1973), a Paralympic alpine skier from Spain
* Fernando Villalón (1881–1930), a Spanish poet and farmer
* Jade Villalon (born 1980), an American and European pop singer, songwriter, and actress
* Lucía Villalón (born 1988), Spanish sports journalist and television presenter
* María Villalón (born 1989), a Spanish singer, winner of the first series of Spanish version of The X Factor in 2007
* Pedro de Rivera y Villalón, a brigadier general in the Spanish army, which was sent to New Mexico in 1724