OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Linda Mearns

Linda Opal Mearns (-25 January 2025) was a geographer and climate scientist specializing in climate change assessment science. Mearns was a senior scientist at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). Mearns is the director of NCAR's Weather and Climate Impacts Assessment Science Program (WCIASP) and head of the Regional Integrated Sciences Collective (RISC). Mearns was a lead principal investigator for the North American Regional Climate Change Program (NARCCAP).

## Biography

Mearns received a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in geography at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA).
Mearns was an author on the Second (1995), Third (2001), Fourth (2007), Fifth (2013) and Sixth (2021) Assessment Reports of the United Nations (UN) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Mearns is a lead principal investigator for the North American Regional Climate Change Program (NARCCAP) which uses data that Mearns was involved in generating to produce data-based climate simulations to predict future climate scenarios.

## Selected publications
### Books

* Mearns, Linda O. (2003). Issues in the impacts of climate variability and change on agriculture: applications to the southeastern United States. Kluwer Academic Publishers. ISBN 9781402016189.

### Journal articles

* Giorgi, F. and Mearns, L. O. Approaches to the simulation of regional climate change: A review. 1991. Reviews of Geophysics 29 (2), 191.
* Bukovsky, M. S.,Thompson, J. A., Mearns, L. O. Weighting a Regional Climate Model Ensemble: Does It Make a Difference? Can It Make a Difference? 2019. Climate Research 77 (1), 23-43.
* Mearns, L. O., Katz, R. W., and Schneider, S. H. Extreme High-Temperature Events: Changes in their probabilities with Changes in Mean Temperature. 1984. Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology 23 (12), 1601-1613.
* Giorgi, F. and Mearns, L. O. 1999. Introduction to special section: Regional Climate Modeling Revisited. Journal of Geophysical Research 104 (D6), 6335-6352.
* Easterling, D. R., Meehl, G. A., Parmesan, C., Changnon, S. A., Karl, T. R., and Mearns L. O. 2000. Climate Extremes: Observations, Modeling, and Impacts. Science 289 (5487), 2068-2074.
* Giorgi, F. and Mearns, L. O. Calculation of Average, Uncertainty Range, and Reliability of Regional Climate Changes from AOGCM Simulations via the “Reliability Ensemble Averaging” (REA) Method. 2002. Journal of Climate 15 (10), 1141-1158.
* Feddema, J. J., Oleson, K. W., Bonan G. B., Mearns L. O., Buja L. E., Meehl G. A., Washington W. M. 2005. The Importance of Land-Cover Change in Simulating Future Climates. Science 310 (5754), 1674-1678.

## Awards and honors

* 2006 Fellow of the American Meteorological Society
* 2016 American Association of Geographers (AAG) Distinguished Scholarship Award
* 2017 recipient of the American Geophysical Union Stephen Schneider Lecture
# Entrails of a Virgin

Entrails of a Virgin (処女のはらわた, Shojo no harawata) is a 1986 Japanese horror film in the "splatter-eros" subgenre of pink film. Most of the sex scenes are fogged, due to censorship in Japan.

## Plot

A group of photographers and their models go to a forest retreat. They engage in S&M play and much softcore sex. Eventually they get picked off one-by-one by a filth-covered "demon" with an unnaturally large penis.
In the end, all the film crews perish and only the main actress, Rei, survives. Nevertheless, she becomes heavily pregnant with the demon’s child. Rei looks over the sea and wonders what will come out of her womb. She decides that she is actually looking forward to see it just before the surrounding rock formations around her bust into flame.

## Cast

* Saeko Kizuki as Rei
* Naomi Hagio as Kazuyo
* Megumi Kawashima as Kei
* Osamu Tsuruoka as Itomura
* Daiki Katô as Asaoka
* Hideki Takahashi as Tachikawa
* Kazuhiko Goda as murderer

## Production

During the 1980s, slasher film-makers had begun adding increasing amounts of sexuality into their movies. Working in the pink film genre, director Kazuo "Gaira" Komizu decided to inject elements of horror into these softcore pornographic productions. The film became a box-office success.

## Release

Along with its sequel, Entrails of a Beautiful Woman, Entrails of a Virgin became a notorious example of the low-quality blackmarket VHS copies which American enthusiasts traded in the 1980s. These copies usually had no English subtitles. The film was released on DVD first on the Japan Shock label in PAL format, and then by Synapse Films in NTSC. The Synapse release was a restored, widescreen version.

## Critical reception

In his Asia Shock; Horror and Dark Cinema from Japan, Korea, Hong Kong, and Thailand, Patrick Galloway says that Komizu's mix of sex and horror works as a film. He describes the film as "essentially one long fuck-fest interspersed with the occasional impaling, hanging or beheading..." and concludes: "It's all rather sordid and there's a definite misanthropy to the film reminiscent of Henri-Georges Clouzot (Diabolique), but somehow the elements click into place, making for an uncomfortable-yet-can't-look-away film experience".

## Sequel

One of a series of three by director Kazuo "Gaira" Komizu, the other two were the considerably more graphic and hardcore Entrails of a Beautiful Woman (1986), as well as Female Inquisitor (1987).
# Kue semprong

Kue semprong, the Asian egg roll, the love letter, sapit, sepit, kue Belanda, or kapit is an Indonesian traditional wafer snack (kue or kuih) made by clasping egg batter using an iron mold (Waffle iron) which is heated up on a charcoal stove. It is commonly found in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei.
The mold has two plates that are clasped tightly together and attached to long handles for manipulating over a charcoal stove. The molds may be flat, corrugated, or etched with animal motifs such as fish, roosters, and snails that are both auspicious and decorative.

## Shapes and variants

In Indonesian the term semprong means "tube" or "roll", while sepit derives from jepit, which means "clip". Semprong and sepit are almost identical wafers, with the different only in their shape; the roll-shaped is called semprong, while the triangular-folded is called sepit. Both variants are called sapit or sepit in Malaysia and Brunei, regardless of their shape. Traditional kue semprong are hollow; newer variants, however, may contain fillings such as chocolate or cheese.

## History and origin

Commonly found in most major cities in Indonesia, kue semprong demonstrates the colonial link between Indonesia and the Netherlands. It is believed to derive from the Dutch egg roll wafer. The word Belanda, meaning Dutch in Bahasa Indonesia, points to the egg rolls’ Dutch origins. The Dutch have a vast biscuit repertoire, which includes thin wafer biscuits similar to kuih Belanda or kuih kapit. Many biscuit and cake techniques were passed to Malays by the Dutch, English, and Portuguese. These biscuits may have been brought to parts of Malaysia and Singapore from Penang and Malacca by the Peranakan Chinese, who, not knowing the name of the Dutch snack they had encountered, simply called it kuih Belanda or kuih kapit.
# Serge Ravanel

Serge Ravanel (12 May 1920 – 27 April 2009), born Serge Asher, was an engineer and author who became a prominent French Resistance fighter during World War II. He also operated under the alias Charles Guillemot.

## Biography

Asher was born in Paris, France on 12 May 1920. He was born to a wealthy family, of Jewish ancestry, his father was an engineer, and his mother was a Czech fashion journalist, who had settled in Paris for work. His stepfather was an export trader who worked in Africa.
Asher was educated at the Lycée Louis-le-Grand before going on to study polytechnics at École Polytechnique becoming an polyethnic engineer himself.

### World War II

By September 1942, encouraged by Vichy ineffectiveness in the face of Nazi occupation and his own communist views, he began working with Libération-sud as a courier. He also began organizing other students into resistance and would become a key figure in the Resistance's work to liberate Lyon. He would adopt the alias Serge Ravanel, based on an alpine mountaineer, while working with them, a name that he would keep for the rest of his life.
By November 1943 Ravanel was serving as the national head of the Mouvements Unis de la Résistance in the southern zone. He worked closely with Raymond Aubrac and Maurice Kriegel-Valrimont in Toulouse, directing so many attacks that the city would be described as 'Toulouse la rouge.'
In the summer of 1944, Ravanel would meet with de Gaulle and General Kœnig in Toulouse over the creation of the French Forces of the Interior (FFI). General Kœnig would grant Ravanel rank of colonel within the FFI. Despite receiving this promotion, Ravanel criticized the resistance group Corps Franc de la Montagne Noire on political grounds, opposing them due to his communist leanings. Ultimately Ravanel would recall his meeting with de Gaulle as humiliating, claiming it was a political stunt to reign in FFI officers while celebrating career ones, with de Gaulle questioning Ravanel's personal right to wear the ribbon of the Order of Liberation which Ravanel claimed had been awarded him earlier.
Another bone of contention for de Gaulle was the high regard with which Ravanel held the Spanish maquisards who had led the liberation of Toulouse and other southern departments. Ravanel stated;
   "During the War of Spain our comrades had acquired the knowledge that we did not possess; they knew how to make bombs, they knew how to make ambushes, they had a profound knowledge of the technique of guerrilla warfare. I must also say that they conquered us with their valour, their fraternity, their gentleness, their self-denial. They were, for us, ‘brothers in combat"
Ravanel resigned from the army in 1950.
Ravanel died on 27 April 2009 in Paris at the Val-de-Grâce military hospital.

## Legacy

Ravanel authored L'Esprit de Résistance, a biographical work describing his experience as a member of the French Resistance, which was published in 1995.
# James Russell (Newfoundland politician)

Maxwell James Russell (born 4 September 1940) is an educator and former political figure in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. He represented Lewisporte in the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly from 1971 to 1975 and from 1982 to 1989 as a Progressive Conservative.
He was born in Lewisporte, the son of William Stewart Russell and Blanche Burt, and was educated there and at Memorial University. He taught school in Comfort Cove and Lewisporte. Russell married Mary Buffett. Before entering provincial politics, Russell served on the town council for Lewisporte. He was defeated when he ran for reelection to the House of Assembly in 1975. From 1977 to 1982, he was personnel manager for the Newfoundland and Labrador Housing Corporation. Russell was speaker for the House of Assembly from 1972 to 1975 and from 1982 to 1985. He served in the provincial cabinet as Minister of Consumer Affairs and Communications and as Minister of the Environment. Russell retired from politics in 1989.
# T-27

The T-27 was a tankette produced in the 1930s by the Soviet Union. It was based on the design of the Carden Loyd tankette, bought under license from the United Kingdom in 1930.

## Design

The Soviets were not fully satisfied with the Carden Loyd design and made a number of changes before putting it into mass production under the designation of T-27. Compared with the British original, the hull was larger, the running gear was improved and the weapon mount was modified to take a Soviet 7.62 mm DT machine gun. A number of other changes were made by Chief Engineer N. Kozyrev and Lead Engineer K. Sirken to improve the tankette's ability to cope with the Russian climate and terrain. It lacked any communication devices, as communication between vehicles was intended to be carried out using signal flags.

## Service

The tankette was accepted into service on February 13, 1931. It was manufactured in two factories simultaneously, the Bolshevik factory in Leningrad and what would later become the GAZ factory in Nizhni Novgorod.
The principal use of the T-27 during its service life was as a reconnaissance vehicle. Initially, 65 tankette battalions were formed by the Red Army, with each having about 50 tankettes. This figure was later reduced to 23 per battalion. The tankette was also intended to be air-mobile. In 1935, the Soviets experimented with transporting T-27s by air, by suspending them under the fuselages of Tupolev TB-3 bombers.
The T-27 saw active service in the Soviet republics of Central Asia during the 1930s, where the tankettes were used in campaigns against basmachis. However, they fairly quickly became obsolete due to the introduction of more advanced tanks. The Red Army found them reliable and simple to operate, but the T-27 coped poorly with swampy and snowy terrain due to the narrowness of its tracks. It was also difficult to find crews, as the tankettes were so small that it was difficult to find crews of sufficiently diminutive stature. By the end of the 1930s the T-27 was relegated primarily to training use, with some being used as tractors to tow field guns.
Ten T-27s were captured by Hungarian forces during the fighting on the Eastern Front.
Five T-27s were ordered by Turkey in 1935, alongside 60 T-26s.
Two T-27 tankettes were captured by Romanian forces as of 1 November 1942.

## Variants

Some experiments were also made to equip T-27s with more advanced weapons, such as flamethrowers and recoilless guns, but these did not prove successful. A few T-27s were pressurized and provided with special equipment to enable them to cross rivers underwater. It was also the first Soviet tracked vehicle transported by plane (a single tankette could be mounted below the fuselage of the TB-3 bomber).
# Patricia J. Kailola

Patricia J. Kailola is a noted ichthyologist. Her primary focus is in tropical Indo-Pacific fishes. She has worked in the Marine Studies program at the University of the South Pacific since 1995 and is an Australian Museum Research Associate. Among her numerous publications are listed several books covering tropical fish. She also has written texts on catfish. As of April 2006, she was working on a textbook on Western Indian Ocean fishes. She has assisted the Australian Museum in confirmation of species identification among their collection. Worldcat.org lists 27 works in 57 publications in 1 language and 603 library holdings.
Kailola graduated in 1990 from the University of Adelaide with a PhD in zoology titled "The catfish family Ariidae (Teleostei) in New Guinea and Australia: relationships, systematics and zoogeography".
She has been involved in studies of the following fish:
* Himantura
* Glossolepis
* Lake Wanam rainbowfish
* Amissidens hainesi
* Aspistor
* Paraplagusia
* Hortle's whipray
* Ilisha (genus)
* Cochlefelis
* Hemiarius
* Neoarius
* Plicofollis
* Sciades
* Paracaesio
* Branchiostegus
* Ozichthys

## Taxon described by her

* See Category:Taxa named by Patricia J. Kailola

## Taxon named in her honor

* The Whipfin sea catfish, Netuma patriciae Y. Takahashi, Seishi Kimura & Motomura, 2019, is a species of catfish in the family Ariidae found in the Western Pacific Ocean from the Philippines.
* The Kailola's sea catfish, Cathorops kailolae Marceniuk & Betancur-R., 2008. It is a tropical fresh and saltwater catfish which occurs in Central America
# Auditorio metro station

Auditorio (Spanish: Estación Auditorio) is a Mexico City Metro station located on line 7. It is one of the main metro gateways (along with Metro Polanco) to the chic and business-related neighborhood, Polanco. The entrances to the station are on Paseo de la Reforma, one of the main thoroughfares in Mexico City.
Its symbol depicts the façade of the Auditorio Nacional (English: National Auditorium), which is just above the station. The auditorium is one of the main venues for concerts, shows and entertainment in the city, so almost every weekend night, this station is used by the attendants to the events. The station opened on 23 August 1985.

## General information

This station is also frequently used by tourists because of its proximity to many landmarks of the city, such as Chapultepec. Outside the station, just in front of the Auditorio Nacional, is the main station of the Turibus, a double-deck bus that runs a touristic route that goes from Chapultepec Park to the Historic Center along Reforma.
During weekdays, this station is also one of the busiest ones of the network because it is an entrance to the business, office and financial area in Polanco. Outside the station there is also one of the main microbus stops in the area; these microbuses transport people coming from the metro to other business and commercial zones in the city like northern Polanco, Palmas, Santa Fe, Lomas de Chapultepec and Satélite.
During rush hour, due to the large mass of people taking these buses outside the metro station and to the poor infrastructure of the microbus stops, heavy traffic is originated in this part of Paseo de la Reforma. Criticism has also been made to the layout of this metro station (among others of Line 7) because the heavy flows of people are not well managed; during rush hours flows of people walking in different directions often face each other causing a decrease in the speed of pedestrian traffic. Other problems concern the bottlenecks at bridges, narrow tunnels, escalators, and normal stairs due to low capacity.

### Ridership
## Nearby

* Auditorio Nacional, concert and entertainment venue.
* Campo Marte, equestrian and military facility.
* Bosque de Chapultepec, city park and zoo.
* Centro Cultural del Bosque, theater.
* Jardín Winston Churchill, small garden and park which includes a statue of Winston Churchill.
* National Museum of Anthropology, the largest and most visited museum of Mexico
# Oxford Philharmonic Orchestra

The Oxford Philharmonic Orchestra is a British professional symphony orchestra based in Oxford and is the Orchestra in Residence at the University of Oxford. It was founded in 1998 by Marios Papadopoulos as the Oxford Philomusica and was renamed the Oxford Philharmonic Orchestra in 2015.
# Mohamed Emara

Mohamed Emara (Arabic: مُحَمَّد عَمَّارَة; born 10 July 1974) is a retired Egyptian football midfielder. He played four seasons in the Bundesliga for Hansa Rostock.

## Honours

* Africa Cup of Nations: 1998
* Egyptian Premier League: 1998
* Egypt Cup: 2003
# Rosberg

Rosberg is a Swedish surname.
It may refer to:
* Rosberg racing family
** Keke Rosberg, father of Nico, former Finnish Formula One racing driver and 1982 Formula One World Champion
** Nico Rosberg, son of Keke, former German Formula One racing driver and 2016 Formula One World Champion
*** Rosberg X Racing, Extreme E team formed b Nico Rosberg
* Christer Rosberg, Swedish soccer player
* Mikey Madison Rosberg, American actress
# Charles Davis (Vermont judge)

Charles Davis (January 1, 1789 – November 21, 1863) was a Vermont attorney and judge who served as an associate justice of the Vermont Supreme Court from 1846 to 1847.

## Biography

Charles Davis was born in Mansfield, Connecticut on January 1, 1789, the son of Philip Davis (d. 1822) and Christiana (Crosby) Davis. Philip Davis moved his family to Rockingham, Vermont in 1792, and Middlebury, Vermont in 1806. Davis was educated in Rockingham and Middlebury, and in 1808 was admitted to the sophomore class at Middlebury College. He graduated in 1811, and began to study law with Daniel Chipman.
Davis edited the Vermont Mirror, a newspaper opposed to the War of 1812, but also served in the Vermont Militia when Vermont was threatened by a British invasion from Canada. He was admitted to the bar in 1814, and practiced in Middlebury until moving to Barton in 1816. In 1818, he moved to Waterford, and in 1828 he moved to Danville. In 1828, Davis was elected State's Attorney of Caledonia County, and he served until 1834. In 1831, Davis served as Clerk of the Vermont House of Representatives. He returned to the State's Attorney position in 1838, and served until 1839.
Davis became a Whig when the party was founded. When Whig nominee William Henry Harrison won the presidency in 1841, Davis was appointed United States Attorney for the District of Vermont; he served until 1845, when he became Judge of the Caledonia County Probate Court. He served until 1846, when he was appointed to the Vermont Supreme Court. He was a member of the Supreme Court until 1848, when he resumed the practice of law in Danville. In 1851, he was elected to the Vermont House of Representatives, and served one term.

## Retirement and death

In retirement, Davis and his wife moved to Rockford, Illinois, where they resided with their son Isaac Fletcher Davis. Charles Davis died in Rockford on November 21, 1863. He was buried at Cedar Bluff Cemetery in Rockford.

## Family

In 1814, Davis married Lucinda Stone of Chesterfield, New Hampshire (d. 1884). They were the parents of five children: Charles; Philip; Norman; Isaac Fletcher; and Ellen.
# Theophilus Harrington

Theophilus Harrington (also spelled Herrington or Herrinton) (March 27, 1762 – November 17, 1813) served as a justice of the Vermont Supreme Court and Speaker of the Vermont House of Representatives.

## Early life

Harrington was born in Coventry, Rhode Island on March 27, 1762. He served in both the Rhode Island Militia and Continental Army during the American Revolution. He moved to Shaftsbury, Vermont with his family in 1778. In 1788 he settled in Clarendon, Vermont, where he was a farmer, merchant and land speculator.

## Political career

After moving to Clarendon, Harrington became active in politics and government, serving in local offices including Selectman. He joined the Democratic-Republican Party, and was a member of the Vermont House of Representatives in 1795 and from 1797 to 1804. He was Speaker in his final term.

## Judicial career

In October, 1800 Harrington became Judge of the Rutland County Court, where he served until 1803. He served on the bench at a time when many judges were not lawyers. This circumstance resulted from distrust of attorneys in the post-Revolutionary War era, when most individuals with legal education had supported New York during its dispute with Vermont's original white settlers over the validity of their land titles.
In 1802 Harrington was admitted to the bar.
In October, 1803 Harrington was chosen as one of the Justices of the Vermont Supreme Court, where he served until 1813.

## Slave ownership case

Harrington is best known for a ruling he is supposed to have issued in the case of a runaway slave from New York.
In June 1804, the slave's owner sought to reclaim him. Harrington demanded proof that the claimant did indeed own the slave. The owner produced bills of sale for both the slave and the slave's mother. Judge Harrington said that the documents of title did not go far enough back in time. When the owner asked what proof of ownership the judge would accept, Judge Harrington replied, "Nothing short of a bill of sale signed by God Almighty Himself." Justices Royall Tyler and Jonathan Robinson concurred, and the slave was set free.
Their actions were considered by abolitionists as an expression of the Vermont Constitution's prohibition against slavery. The supposed quote from Harrington was engraved on a plaque which was installed in Westminster Abbey by British abolitionists.
Court decisions from that period were not recorded, so there is no way to ascertain the validity of the quote with certainty. The first evidence of it can be traced back to Benjamin Shaw's 1846 lecture "Illegality of Slavery."

## Death and burial

Harrington and the other Judges on the Supreme Court were replaced when Federalists came to power in 1813.
Theophilus Harrington died in Clarendon on November 17, 1813. He was buried at Chippenhook Cemetery in Clarendon (also known as West Clarendon Cemetery).
In 1886 the State of Vermont had a monument to Harrington installed at Chippenhook Cemetery.