OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ia Genberg

Ia Gabriella Genberg (born 5 November 1967) is a Swedish journalist and novelist.
Born in Stockholm, Sweden, she debuted as a writer in 2012 with the novel Söta fredag ("Sweet Friday"). Her fourth novel, Detaljerna ("The Details"), won the August Prize in 2022, the year of its publication. The English translation, by Kira Josefsson, was shortlisted for the 2024 International Booker Prize. In 2025, The Details was longlisted for the International Dublin Literary Award.

## Published works

* Söta fredag, Weyler förlag [sv], Stockholm: 2012. ISBN 978-9185849789
* Sent farväl, Weyler förlag, Stockholm: 2013. ISBN 978-9185849970
* Klen tröst och fyra andra berättelser om pengar, Weyler förlag, Stockholm: 2019. ISBN 978-9176811078
* Detaljerna, Weyler förlag, Stockholm: 2022. ISBN 9789127175549
    (The Details, trans. Kira Josefsson, Wildfire Books, London: 2023. ISBN 978-1035400577)
# Mägede

Mägede is a village in Järva Parish, Järva County in northern-central Estonia.
# Henry Bentinck (British Army officer)

General Sir Henry John William Bentinck KCB (8 September 1796 – 29 September 1878) was a British soldier and courtier.

## Background

He was the third and youngest son of Major-General John Charles Bentinck and his wife Jemima Helena, eldest daughter of Frederick de Ginkell, 6th Earl of Athlone. His older brothers were the generals William Bentinck, 3rd Count Bentinck and Charles Bentinck, 4th Count Bentinck.

## Early career

Bentinck entered the British Army as ensign in March 1813 and was commissioned into the Coldstream Guards. He rose to lieutenant in 1820 and to captain nine years thereafter. In 1841, he was appointed an aide-de-camp to Queen Victoria with the rank of an brevet-colonel. Bentinck was promoted to major in 1846 and five years later he purchased a lieutenant-colonelship.

## Crimean war

With the begin of the Baltic Campaign of 1854, he was transferred with his regiment to the Crimea and in June 1854 he was advanced to a major-general. Bentinck fought in the Battle of Alma in September of the latter year and having received command of the 28th (North Gloucestershire) Regiment of Foot in the Battle of Balaclava on 25 October. A month later, he was shot in the arm in the Battle of Inkerman and then took part in the Siege of Sevastopol with the second division. Following the death of Sir George Cathcart, he was attached to the fourth division, however aftereffects of his wound delayed his accession until June 1855.

## Later life

After his return to England he was awarded a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath and a Commandeur of the French Légion d'honneur for his services in Russia. He was decorated with the Crimea Medal with four clasps and with the Sardinian Medal. In 1858, Bentinck obtained the 2nd class of the Turkish Order of the Medjidie. Bentinck was nominated Groom in Waiting in Ordinary to the Queen in 1859, a post he held for the next eight years. In 1860, he was promoted to lieutenant-general and in 1865, he received a commission as honorary colonel of the 1st London Artillery Volunteer Corps. He was made a full general in December 1867 and finally retired after another decade in service.

## Family

In 1829, he married his distant cousin Renira Antoinette, the daughter of Admiral James Hawkins Whitshed. By her mother Sophia Henrietta, the daughter of John Albert Bentinck, she was just as her husband a descendant of William Bentinck, 1st Earl of Portland. Their marriage was childless. Bentinck died at Grosvenor Street in London on 29 September 1878, aged 82 and was buried at Kensal Green Cemetery. His wife survived him for eleven years.
# Märjandi

Märjandi is a village in Järva Parish, Järva County in northern-central Estonia. It has a small population, in a 2021 consensus it was determined there are only 205 inhabitants.
# Gateshead Kolel

The Gateshead Kolel is a prominent institution of Jewish higher learning located in Gateshead, UK. Established in 1941 by Rabbi Eliyohu Eliezer Dessler, the Kolel provides advanced Torah study programs for Jewish scholars and students, focusing on traditional Jewish texts and teachings. The Kolel offers a curriculum in Talmud, Jewish law, and other Jewish studies.

## History

The Gateshead Kolel was founded in the midst of World War II. Rabbi Dovid Dryan, a dedicated Torah scholar, spearheaded the initiative.

## Notable alumni

* Chanoch Ehrentreu, Rosh European Beis Din, Former Rosh Manchester and London Beis Din and Rosh Sunderland Kolel
* Eliyohu Falk, Posek, Maggid Shiur, Gateshead Yeshiva and Jewish Teachers' Training College, Gateshead
* Avrohom Gurwicz, Rosh Yeshiva, Gateshead Yeshiva
* Louis Jacobs, rabbi, writer and theologian
* Casriel Dovid Kaplin, dayan, London Beth Din
* Tuvia Weiss, Chief Rabbi Eidah HaChareidis, Jerusalem
* Bezalel Rakow, Rav of Gateshead
* Matisyahu Salomon, mashgiach of Beth Medrash Govoha
* Shammai Zahn, rosh yeshiva of Sunderland Yeshiva
# Öötla

Öötla (German: Oethel) is a village in Järva Parish, Järva County in northern-central Estonia.
# 1529 in France

Events from the year 1529 in France

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Francis I

## Events

* June 21 - The French army is defeated at the Battle of Landriano in Italy, as part of the War of the League of Cognac.
* August 3 –The Treaty of Cambrai is signed between the Valois dynasty and the Habsburgs.

## Births

* June 7 - Étienne Pasquier, French lawyer. (d. 1615)
* December 16 - Laurent Joubert of Montpellier, French Doctor and academic in medicine. (d.1582)

### Date Unknown

* Pomponne de Bellièvre, French politician (d.1607)
* Guy Du Faur, Seigneur de Pibrac, French jurist and poet (b.1584)

## Deaths

* April 17 – Louis de Berquin, French lawyer and Protestant reformer who was burned at the stake as a heretic (b.1490)

### Date Unknown

* Guillaume de Marcillat, French painter and stained glass artist (d.1470)
* Jean Parmentier, French navigator, cartographer, and poet (d.1494)
# Battery L, 1st Ohio Light Artillery

Battery L, 1st Ohio Light Artillery was an artillery battery that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.

## Service

The battery was organized in Portsmouth, Ohio on October 8, 1861 and mustered in at Camp Dennison near Cincinnati, Ohio for a three-year enlistment on January 20, 1862. The regiment was organized as early as 1860 under Ohio's militia laws, under Colonel James Barnett.
The battery was attached to Landers' Division, Army of the Potomac, to March 1862. Artillery, Shields' 2nd Division, Banks' V Corps and Department of the Shenandoah to May 1862. Artillery, Shields' Division, Department of the Rappahannock, to June 1862. Alexandria, Virginia, Military District of Washington, D.C., to September 1862. Artillery, 3rd Division, V Corps, Army of the Potomac, to October 1862. Artillery, 2nd Division, V Corps, to May 1863. Artillery Brigade, V Corps, to April 1864. Camp Barry, Defenses of Washington, D.C.. XXII Corps, to May 1864. 2nd Brigade, Hardin's Division, XXII Corps, to July 1864. Artillery, 1st Division, XIX Corps, Middle Military Division, to August 1864. Reserve Division, Department of West Virginia, to September 1864. Artillery Brigade, Department of West Virginia, to January 1865. 1st Separate Brigade. 3rd Division, West Virginia, to April 1865. Artillery, 2nd Division, Department of West Virginia, to July 1865.
Battery L, 1st Ohio Light Artillery mustered out of service at Columbus, Ohio on July 4, 1865.

## Detailed service

Moved to Patterson's Creek, Va., January 20–27, 1862. Advance on Winchester, Va., March 7–15, 1862. Reconnaissance to Strasburg March 19–20. Battle of Winchester March 23. Occupation of Mt. Jackson April 17. March to Fredericksburg May 12–21, and return to Front Royal May 25–30. Moved to Alexandria June 29, and duty in the defenses of Washington until September. Movement to Falmouth, Va., October–November. Battle of Fredericksburg December 12–15. At Falmouth until April. 1863. Chancellorsville Campaign April 27 – May 6. Battle of Chancellorsville May 1–5. Gettysburg Campaign June 11 – July 24. Battle of Gettysburg July 1–3. Duty on line of the Rappahannock and Rapidan until October. Bristoe Campaign October 9–22. Advance to line of the Rappahannock November 7–8. Rappahannock Station November 7. Mine Run Campaign November 26 – December 2. Duty at Camp Barry and at Forts Sumner and Kearney, Defenses of Washington, until July 1864. Repulse of Early's attack on Washington July 11–12. Expedition to Snicker's Gap July 14–23. Sheridan's Shenandoah Valley Campaign. Berryville September 3. Battle of Opequan, Winchester, September 19. Fisher's Hill September 22. Battle of Cedar Creek October 19. Duty at Winchester until December 28, and at New Creek until June 30, 1865. Ordered to Columbus, Ohio, June 30.

## Casualties

The battery lost a total of 24 men during service; 1 officer and 7 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, 1 officer and 15 enlisted men died of disease.

## Commanders

* Captain Franklin C. Gibbs
* Lieutenant Frederick Dorries – commanded at the Battle of Fredericksburg
# Slaughter tapping

Slaughter tapping is an obsolete method of extracting large quantities of natural latex from rubber trees in a forest environment. Before commercial exploitation of latex-bearing trees such as Hevea brasiliensis in the Amazon Basin and Funtumia elastica in the Congo, native populations limited harvesting to non-lethal tapping of the latex. However, with the rising demand for rubber worldwide in the late nineteenth century, debt-slave "hunters" began tapping more intensively, using ladders to extract as much latex as possible from all areas of the tree, killing the tree as a result. This "slaughter tapping" resulted in the destruction of all latex-bearing trees across large swathes of sub-Saharan Africa and South America. Eventually, the establishment of rubber plantations in the Far East made "hunting" of naturally occurring rubber trees unprofitable, and the practice largely ceased in the early twentieth century.
# Misery, Somme

Misery (French pronunciation:) is a former commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Marchélepot-Misery.

## Geography

Misery is situated on the D35e road, some 30 miles (48 km) east of Amiens.
# Portrait of Napoleon III (Flandrin)

Portrait of Napoleon III (initially called in French Portrait de S. M. l'Empereur, 'Portrait of His Majesty the Emperor') is an oil painting of 1861 by the French painter Hippolyte Flandrin, depicting France's Emperor Napoleon III standing in his Grand Cabinet. It is held at the Musée de l'Histoire de France, in Paris. At its first presentation in the Universal Exhibition in 1862, the painting attracted praise for its true-to-life representation of Napoleon III.
In 1853, the newly-appointed Emperor of the French Napoleon III commissioned Jean-Hippolyte Flandrin, a pupil of Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres and specialized painter of religious figures, to work on a standing portrait of him. The Emperor, displeased by Flandrin's depiction of him, cancelled the commission, and preferred Franz Xaver Winterhalter's painting of him in his coronation robes, with its more glorified and distinguished idealization. Reinstated in 1861, Flandrin recommenced work on his portrait, incentivized by a retrospective commission of 20,000 francs.
According to Karine Huguenaud, Flandrin's portrait is a "penetrating psychological study of the emperor", extraordinarily capturing Napoleon III's "distant and inscrutable look". Standing in his Général de Division uniform, Napoleon III is depicted in the Grand Cabinet at the Tuileries Palace amidst pointed attributes: a marble bust of Napoleon Bonaparte, crowned with laurel, over his right shoulder and a Napoleonic eagle in the background. On his desk are French maps and a copy of Julius Caesar's Commentarii de Bello Gallico. "This", exulted writer Théophile Gautier, "is without doubt the first 'real' portrait which we have of Your Majesty", referring to the realistic approach in Flandrin's work.
The Portrait of Napoleon III was first shown at the 1862 Universal Exhibition in London, on donation from the Emperor. Flandrin's painting was a standout wherever it was exhibited: the Universal Exhibition, Paris Salon (1863), at the Paris Ecole des Beaux-Arts (1864), and the Paris Exposition universelle (1867). The critics were positive: the sincerity of the subject exercised both intimacy and fascination, winning favor over Winhalter's coronation portrait. By 1884, Flandrin's painting was returned to the French government and displayed in the Palace of Versailles.
# Governor of Penza Oblast

Governor of Penza Oblast (Russian: Губернатор Пензенской области) is the head of the executive branch of the government of Penza Oblast, a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia.

## Election

The procedure for the election and inauguration of the governor of Penza is determined by the federal law, the Charter of the Penza Region and the law on the election of a governor.
For the first time, the elections of the governor (head of administration) of the Penza region were held in April 1993, then were held in April 1998, and in April 2002. In December 2004, direct election of governors was abolished, instead governors were appointed by the president through the regional parliament. Thus, in May 2005 and April 2010, the Governor of the Penza Region was elected by the President of Russia and approved in the position by the Legislative Assembly. In 2012, direct elections of the heads of regions were returned, but with the condition that candidates pass through the municipal filter. According to these rules, the elections of the governor of the Penza region were held in September 2015 and September 2020.

## List

| No. | Governor | Tenure | Party | Election |
| 1 | Aleksandr Kondratyev (1947–2017) | 24 October 1991 – 12 April 1993 | Independent | |
| 2 | Anatoly Kovlyagin (1938–2009) | April 12, 1993 – April 18, 1998 | Independent | 1993 |
| 3 | Vasily Bochkaryov (1949–2016) | 18 April 1998 – 25 May 2015 | Independent | 1998 2002 2005 2010 |
| 3 | Vasily Bochkaryov (1949–2016) | 18 April 1998 – 25 May 2015 | United Russia | 1998 2002 2005 2010 |
| — | Ivan Belozertsev (born 1958) | 25 May 2015 – 13 September 2015 | United Russia | 2015 2020 |
| 4 | Ivan Belozertsev (born 1958) | 13 September 2015 – 23 March 2021 | United Russia | 2015 2020 |
| — | Nikolay Simonov (born 1956) | 23 March 2021 – 26 March 2021 | United Russia | |
| — | Oleg Melnichenko (born 1973) | 26 March 2021 — 28 September 2021 | United Russia | 2021 |
| 5 | Oleg Melnichenko (born 1973) | since 28 September 2021 | United Russia | 2021 |
# 1889 U.S. National Championships – Men's doubles

Henry Slocum and Howard Taylor won the title by defeating Valentine Hall and Oliver Campbell in the final.

## Draw

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| FV Beach B Huntington | 6 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | |
| A Empie Wright D Miller | 4 | 3 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | |
| A Empie Wright D Miller | 4 | 3 | 4 | | FV Beach B Huntington | 3 | 3 | 1 | | | | | |
| | | | | | H Slocum H Taylor | 6 | 6 | 6 | | | | | |
| H Slocum H Taylor | 8 | 6 | 6 | | H Slocum H Taylor | 6 | 6 | 6 | | | | | |
| C Hobart AWS Post | 6 | 4 | 2 | | | | | | | | | | |
| C Hobart AWS Post | 6 | 4 | 2 | | | | | | | H Slocum H Taylor | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| | | | | | | | | | | VG Hall O Campbell | 1 | 3 | 2 |
| JA Rome P Willis | 6 | 4 | 8 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | VG Hall O Campbell | 1 | 3 | 2 |
| SW Smith BS de Garmendia | 1 | 6 | 6 | 1 | | | | | | | | | |
| SW Smith BS de Garmendia | 1 | 6 | 6 | 1 | JA Rome P Willis | 7 | 6 | 1 | 3 | | | | |
| | | | | | VG Hall O Campbell | 9 | 3 | 6 | 6 | | | | |
| VG Hall O Campbell | 6 | 6 | 6 | | VG Hall O Campbell | 9 | 3 | 6 | 6 | | | | |
| FD Pavey WA Tomes | 3 | 3 | 1 | | | | | | | | | | |
# 1895 U.S. National Championships – Women's singles

Juliette Atkinson won the singles tennis title by defeating reigning champion Helen Hellwig 6–4, 6–2, 6–1 in the Challenge Round of the 1895 U.S. Women's National Singles Championship. Atkinson had won the right to challenge Hellwig by defeating Elisabeth Moore 6–3, 7–5, 3–6, 6–0 in the final of the All Comers' competition. The event was played on outdoor grass courts and held at the Philadelphia Cricket Club in Wissahickon Heights, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia from June 25 through June 29, 1895.

## Draw
### Challenge round

| Challenge Round | Challenge Round | Challenge Round | Challenge Round | Challenge Round | Challenge Round | Challenge Round |
| Helen Hellwig | Helen Hellwig | 4 | 2 | 1 | | |
| Juliette Atkinson | Juliette Atkinson | 6 | 6 | 6 | | |

### All Comers' finals

| Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Finals | Finals | Finals | Finals | Finals | Finals | Finals | |
| Juliette Atkinson | Juliette Atkinson | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Amy Williams | Amy Williams | 0 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Amy Williams | Amy Williams | 0 | 4 | Juliette Atkinson | Juliette Atkinson | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Kathleen Atkinson | Kathleen Atkinson | 1 | 4 | | | | | | | | |
| Kathleen Atkinson | Kathleen Atkinson | 6 | 6 | Kathleen Atkinson | Kathleen Atkinson | 1 | 4 | | | | | | | | |
| Mary Warren | Mary Warren | 3 | 2 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Mary Warren | Mary Warren | 3 | 2 | | | | | Juliette Atkinson | Juliette Atkinson | 6 | 7 | 3 | 6 | | |
| | | | | | | | | Elisabeth Moore | Elisabeth Moore | 3 | 5 | 6 | 0 | | |
| Bertha Toulmin | Bertha Toulmin | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | Elisabeth Moore | Elisabeth Moore | 3 | 5 | 6 | 0 |
| Elizabeth Taylor | Elizabeth Taylor | 1 | 2 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Elizabeth Taylor | Elizabeth Taylor | 1 | 2 | Bertha Toulmin | Bertha Toulmin | 4 | 4 | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Elisabeth Moore | Elisabeth Moore | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | |
| Elisabeth Moore | Elisabeth Moore | 6 | 6 | Elisabeth Moore | Elisabeth Moore | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | |
| Grace Booth | Grace Booth | 0 | 2 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# Joseph Moore (medallist)

Joseph Moore (17 February 1817 – 1901 or 1892) was a British medallist.

## Life and work

Born in Birmingham, Joseph Moore was apprenticed at a young age to diesinker Thomas Halliday. He also trained under Samuel Lines, another diesinker and engraver. After completing his apprenticeship he began his own business in Birmingham with dies for button making, at the time one of the chief industries in Birmingham, and won a prize at the 1851 Great Exhibition in London for his work. While engaged in his apprenticeship and working as a buttonmaker, he studied in his own time to gain the skills of a medallist.
He was a designer of medals principally, but first came to public attention when he created the 1844 Victoria One Penny Model. This penny was so popular with the public that William Wyon, coin die-sinker at the Royal Mint, felt 'compelled to advertise the fact that [the pennies] were the result of private enterprise and not a government issue'. Later he entered the business of medallist William Joseph Taylor. For some time he was in a partnership, Allen and Moore in Birmingham, thought by some to be the best medallists of the later nineteenth century.
He also created model coins for the denominations ⁠1/32⁠, ⁠1/16⁠, ⁠1/8⁠, ⁠1/4⁠, and ⁠1/2⁠ farthing, mille, ⁠1/2⁠ penny, florin, and crown.
Moore created some of the dies used by Heaton and Sons to produce coins and tokens. He is credited as the designer of the penny and halfpenny tokens issued by Thomas Holloway in 1857 and 1858. It is argued that Holloway's tokens were produced in Heaton and Sons' Birmingham establishment, on the basis of cardboard impressions taken from dies bearing Holloway's head that were donated to The Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery by The Mint, Birmingham.
Some of the best of Moore's work has gone without bearing his name, having been executed on commission. For half a century he engraved medals and furnished designs for exhibitions in India, Canada, America, Australia, for universities, or in commemoration of events. Moore's signature occurs in various forms: J. MOORE SC; J. MOORE F.; JOSEPH MOORE; J. M.; M.; MOORE F.; etc.
While Regan states 1892 as Moore's year of death, according to Forrer he died in Birmingham in 1901.
# Battery M, 2nd Missouri Light Artillery Regiment

Battery M, 2nd Missouri Light Artillery Regiment was an artillery battery that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War and Plains Indian Wars.

## Service

Organized at St. Louis, Mo., January, 1862. Attached to District of St. Louis, Mo., Dept. of Missouri, to November, 1862. 2nd Division, Army of Southeast Missouri, Dept. of Missouri, to March, 1863. District of Southeast Missouri, Dept. of Missouri, to June, 1863. Artillery, 1st Cavalry Division, District of Southeast Missouri, to July, 1863. Artillery Reserve, Cavalry Division, Army of Southeast Missouri, Dept. of Missouri, to August, 1863. Artillery 1st Cavalry Division, Arkansas Expedition, to September, 1863. Attached to District of St. Louis, Mo., to June, 1865.

## Detailed service

Duty in District of St. Louis till November, 1862. Pitman's Ferry, Ark., October 27, 1862. At St. Louis till June, 1863. Joined Division at Pilot Knob, Mo., June, 1863. Davidson's march to join Steele and Steele's Expedition to Little Rock, Ark., July 1-September 10. March to Clarendon, on White River, July 1-August 8. Shallow Ford Bayou, Metoe, August 30. Bayou Fourche and capture of Little Rock September 10. Pursuit of Price September 11–14. Near Little Rock September 11. Transferred to new Battery "E" September 29, 1863. Reorganized at St. Louis, Mo., February 15, 1864. Duty at St. Louis till August, 1864. Ordered to Springfield, Mo., August 15, and duty there till November. Moved to Paducah, Ky., November 10, to Rolla November 26, thence to Franklin, Mo., and duty there till June, 1865. Moved to Omaha, Neb., June 11–20. Powder River Expedition. March to Powder River and Fort Connor July 1-September 20. Actions on Powder River September 2–8. Mustered out December 20, 1865.

## Commanders

* Captain Napoleon Boardman
# Czenglish

Czenglish, a portmanteau of the words Czech and English, refers to the interlanguage of English heavily influenced by Czech pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar or syntax spoken by learners of English as a second language. The term Czenglish is first recorded in 1989, with the slightly earlier variant Czechlish recorded from 1982.

## Characteristics

Examples include confusing verbatim translations (such as "basic school" for základní škola, which should be "primary school" or "elementary school"), incorrect word order in a sentence and use of inappropriate prepositions and conjunctions because of the influence of their Czech equivalents.
Another typical aspect is the absence of definite articles (due to the lack of articles in Czech) and the use of "some" in place of an indefinite article. In Czenglish and other Central European accents /θ/ is often pronounced as [s], [t] or [f]; /ð/ as [d], and /r/ as an alveolar trill as in some Scottish accents, rather than the more standard approximant. Voiced consonants at the end of words like "big" are pronounced unvoiced ([bɪk]); "ng" is understood as a /ng/ sequence and therefore follows the final devoicing rule (e.g. to sing merges with to sink [sɪŋk]).