OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cummings' Guest House

The Cummings' Guest House is a historic African-American summer boarding house at 110 Portland Avenue in Old Orchard Beach, Maine. Established in 1923, it was one of the only places in the community offering summer accommodations to African-Americans during the period of Jim Crow segregation. Prominent guests included Duke Ellington, Cab Calloway, Count Basie, and Lionel Hampton. The property, which reverted to completely private use by the Cummingses in 1993, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.

## Description

The house is a vernacular Victorian wood frame structure built about 1870, probably as a farmhouse. The present structure includes the original house and a small barn, which have been joined by a two-story addition. The building once had a porch that wrapped around the southern and eastern facades, provide a measure of unity to the building's disparate elements; this has since been removed. The interior of the house shows regular adaptation to changing environment: its kitchen is from the 1970s, while its bathrooms retain fixtures and original plaster walls from the 1920s. The interior underwent some alteration in the 1960s, when the business began to decline due to antidiscrimination laws, and one of the Cummings children moved into part of the building on a year-round basis.

## History

Rosvell “Rose” Emerson Cummings and Edward Cummings Jr. purchased 110 Portland Street in 1917, and were Old Orchard Beach's first African-American residents. In 1923 they converted the house into a seasonal boarding house, catering to traveling African-Americans. The guest house was called The Homestead.
It was listed in The Negro Motorist Green Book. It was a popular accommodation, with word at first spread by word of mouth, and later by tour guides specifically targeting African-American vacationers. It regularly played host to African-American performers who played at the Old Orchard Beach Casino, but were refused accommodation at area hotels despite a lack of segregation laws in the state. In 1971, Maine passed a civil rights law governing public accommodations.
Performers who stayed there included Duke Ellington, Cab Calloway, Count Basie, Lionel Hampton, and Harry Carney, who became a regular visitor. Harlem Renaissance poet Countee Cullen stayed at the house and later dedicated a children's story to the cat of daughter Ann Cummings. W.E.B. Du Bois stayed at the house one summer. The boarding house was operated by the Cummings children until 1993.
The Jean Byers Sampson Center for Diversity in Maine at University of Southern Maine’s Glickman Library purchased the guest house register in 2008.
# Cundill Block

The Cundill Block is a historic building located in Maquoketa, Iowa, United States. Local photographer Will Cundill had this two-story brick commercial building constructed in 1882. His studio was originally located on the second floor before he moved it to the main floor in 1895 when he built an addition onto the back. A variety of retail businesses have occupied the commercial space over the years. The building is representative of the brick commercial buildings that were built in Maquoketa in the 1880s and the 1890s. It features simple brick hoodmolds over the windows and a brick patterned cornice across the top. Although covered, the iron storefront remains in place. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.
# Cunningham House (Glens Falls, New York)

Cunningham House is a historic home located at Glens Falls, Warren County, New York, United States. It was built around 1910 and is a two-story, stuccoed residence with a hipped roof clad with wood shingles. It was designed by Boston architect Henry Forbes Bigesby. It was originally built as a studio, but converted to a residential property in 1919. At that time, a two-story service wing was added. It features a two-story enclosed center court lighted by a skylight.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.
# Julius Langfeld

Julius Langfeld (born 18 February 1995) is a German footballer who plays as a right winger for Regionalliga West club Paderborn II.

## Career

Langfeld made his professional debut for TSV Havelse in the 3. Liga on 24 July 2021 against 1. FC Saarbrücken.
# Charalambos Makridis

Charalambos Makridis (Greek: Χαράλαμπος Μακρίδης; born 5 July 1996) is a German professional footballer who plays as a forward for 2. Bundesliga club SC Preußen Münster.

## Club career

He made his professional debut in the DFB-Pokal on 30 October 2019 against Borussia Dortmund.
On 21 June 2024, Makridis joined SC Preußen Münster, recently promoted to 2. Bundesliga.

## Personal

Makridis is of Greek descent and his family moved in Germany from Xiropotamos, Thessaloniki
# Cureton House

Cureton House is a historic home located near Lancaster, Lancaster County, South Carolina. It was built about 1840, and is a two-story, L-shaped, frame Greek Revival style residence. It is sheathed in clapboard siding and has cross-gable roof and brick pier foundation. The house has a central hall plan and two rooms in the rear ell. Also on the property is a cotton storage shed (c. 1918), barn (c. 1930), and garage (c. 1930).
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.
Unknown factors have led to the house falling into a state of disrepair and it has completely fallen in. All that remains is a pile of rubble.
# Christopher Fowler (Medal of Honor)

Christopher Fowler (born c. 1850, date of death unknown) was a United States Navy sailor and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor.

## Biography

Born in New York in about 1850, Fowler joined the Navy from that state. By May 11, 1874, he was serving as a quartermaster on the USS Fortune. On that day, while Fortune was off the coast of Punta Zapotitlán, Veracruz, Mexico, one of the ship's small boats was sent towards shore. A strong gale arose and the boat was capsized by the rough surf; four of the crew drowned but at least two were rescued. For his "gallant conduct" during the incident, Fowler was awarded the Medal of Honor.
Fowler's official Medal of Honor citation reads:
   Served on board the U.S.S. Fortune off Point Zapotitlan, Mexico, 11 May 1874. On the occasion of the capsizing of one of the boats of the Fortune and the drowning of a portion of the boat's crew, Fowler displayed gallant conduct.
# Floral City, Paris

The Floral City (French: Cité florale) is a residential area located in the 13th arrondissement of Paris, France. It forms a triangular area with individual houses. Each of the houses within the neighbourhood has its own flower garden, the streets are paved with cobblestones and are named after flowers.
The appearance of this area is unusual because it is surrounded by buildings much more modern.
# State Committee on Affairs with Religious Associations of the Republic of Azerbaijan

The State Committee on Affairs with Religious Associations (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Respublikası Dini Qurumlarla İş üzrə Dövlət Komitəsi) is a central executive body which ensures implementation of the state policy and laws in the field of religion. The State Committee was established on June 21, 2001.
Freedom of religion in Azerbaijan is substantially curtailed. The Azerbaijan government, which follows strictly secular and anti-religious ideology, represses all religions.

## State Committee chairs

* Rafiq Aliyev (21 June 2001 – 25 June 2006)
* Hidayat Orujov (25 June 2006 – 31 May 2012)
* Elshad Isgandarov (31 May 2012 – 2 May 2014)
* Mubariz Gurbanli (21 July 2014 – 14 February 2024)
* Ramin Mammadov (since 8 April 2024)
# Sanduru

Sandūru (often written Sandur) is a town in Ballari district in the Indian state of Karnataka. It is the administrative seat of Sanduru taluka Sandur was ruled by the Ghorpade royal family of the Marathas.The present scion of Sandur is Ajai Ghorpade.

## Geography

Sanduru is located at 15°06′N 76°33′E﻿ / ﻿15.1°N 76.55°E﻿ / 15.1; 76.55. It has an average elevation of 565 metres (1853 feet).
Sandur, like the surrounding villages of Dowlthpur, Ramgad, Swamihalli, Donimalai, Ubbalagandi is set among green mountains, valleys, and deep gorges.

## Climate

Sandur has a tropical savannah climate, lying near the transition from the semi-arid type of neighboring Ballari and Hospet. Due to its elevation, Sandur is generally cooler than its surroundings. The maximum recorded temperature is 42.2 °C (108.0 °F), and the minimum is 5.5 °C (41.9 °F) degrees. Sandur typically receives 750 millimetres (30 in) of precipitation per year but has also seen more than 1,000 millimetres (39 in).
Climate data for Sandur :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 34.0 (93.2) | 36.0 (96.8) | 39.5 (103.1) | 42.2 (108.0) | 41.5 (106.7) | 39.0 (102.2) | 34.0 (93.2) | 35.5 (95.9) | 34.8 (94.6) | 36.0 (96.8) | 33.5 (92.3) | 32.0 (89.6) | 42.2 (108.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 27.8 (82.0) | 32.0 (89.6) | 35.0 (95.0) | 37.5 (99.5) | 36.8 (98.2) | 32.0 (89.6) | 29.0 (84.2) | 28.5 (83.3) | 27.0 (80.6) | 29.0 (84.2) | 28.6 (83.5) | 27.0 (80.6) | 30.9 (87.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 14.3 (57.7) | 16.6 (61.9) | 19.8 (67.6) | 22.8 (73.0) | 22.2 (72.0) | 20.8 (69.4) | 20.5 (68.9) | 19.5 (67.1) | 19.0 (66.2) | 19.0 (66.2) | 15.9 (60.6) | 13.0 (55.4) | 18.6 (65.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 5.5 (41.9) | 7.5 (45.5) | 9.0 (48.2) | 15.0 (59.0) | 16.0 (60.8) | 16.0 (60.8) | 15.0 (59.0) | 15.0 (59.0) | 12.0 (53.6) | 12.0 (53.6) | 7.4 (45.3) | 6.0 (42.8) | 5.5 (41.9) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 2.7 (0.11) | 3 (0.1) | 15 (0.6) | 23 (0.9) | 61 (2.4) | 69 (2.7) | 107 (4.2) | 148 (5.8) | 181 (7.1) | 100 (3.9) | 44 (1.7) | 14 (0.6) | 767.7 (30.11) |

## Demographics

As of 2011, Sandur had a population of 37,431. Males constituted about 51% of the population and females 49%. 14% of the population was under 6 years of age. The literacy rate was 67%.
# Leszno, Warsaw West County

Leszno is a village in Warsaw West County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Leszno. It lies approximately 15 kilometres (9 mi) west of Ożarów Mazowiecki and 28 km (17 mi) west of Warsaw.
Polish professional footballer Robert Lewandowski grew up in Leszno. In 2016 he became an honorary citizen of Leszno.

## History

The history of Leszno dates back to the Middle Ages. It was mentioned in documents in 1423. It was owned by various families, including the Łuszczewski family, which built a Baroque palace, which is the main landmark of the village.
In the mid-19th century, a sugar factory was established in the village, the first in Poland equipped with a steam turbine.
Several men from Leszno died in various battles against the invading Russians during the Polish–Soviet War of 1919–1920. A memorial to those soldiers is located in the local Catholic Church of Saint John the Baptist.
During the invasion of Poland, which started World War II, in early September 1939, the Germans captured Leszno. On September 16, Poles recaptured the village for tactical purposes, while the Germans retreated in panic. On September 17, the Germans occupied Leszno again, and carried out a massacre of around 50 inhabitants in an act of revenge. Many men were transported to Błonie, from where they were to be deported to forced labor to Germany, but some managed to escape. About 70% of the village was burned down.

## Sights

The main landmark of Leszno is the Baroque Łuszczewski Palace with an adjacent park. There are two historic churches, one Catholic and one Mariavite. In the village there is also a monument commemorating Polish soldiers, partisans and inhabitants killed during World War II.

## Sports

The local football club is Partyzant Leszno. Robert Lewandowski took his first steps in football in the club. It competes in the lower leagues.

## Gallery

* Architectural decorations on the facade of the Łuszczewski Palace
* Park
* Saint John the Baptist church
* Gmina office
# Arthur Jeffes

Arthur William Phoenix Young Jeffes (born 21 July 1978, Paddington, London, England) is an English composer, musician, and arctic explorer. He is the frontman of the musical group Penguin Cafe, a group he formed in 2007 to play the music of his father's band, the Penguin Cafe Orchestra. He is one half of the band Sundog.

## Early life

Jeffes was born in London to the artist Emily Young and musician and composer Simon Jeffes. Jeffes's interest in experimental music was recognised by his father when he took a hammer to the keys of his father's piano. He read Archaeology and Anthropology at Trinity College, Cambridge.

## Penguin Cafe

In 2007, original members of Penguin Cafe Orchestra performed a series of three memorial concerts, with Arthur Jeffes performing onstage with the band for the first time, to mark ten years since Simon Jeffes' death. Encouraged by the public response to the Union Chapel concerts, which all sold out, Jeffes decided that keeping his father's music alive was a worthwhile endeavour. He founded a new band, Penguin Cafe, with a new line-up, including Cass Browne of Gorillaz, Neil Codling of Suede, Oli Langford of Florence and the Machine and Darren Berry of Razorlight. Penguin Cafe have performed on stage playing works of Simon Jeffes and their own pieces.

## International Space Orchestra

In 2012, Jeffes was commissioned by the artist Nelly Ben-Hayoun to write several pieces for the NASA Kepler space telescope mission, to be played by the International Space Orchestra. The pieces "1420" and "Aurora" were beamed into space in 2013. "1420" was inspired by the WOW! signal.

## Other work

Jeffes has also formed recording duos with violinist Oli Langford as Sundog, and with pianist Mark Springer as Aparat.

## Discography
### Penguin Cafe

* A Matter of Life... (2011)
* The Red Book (2014)
* The Imperfect Sea (2017)
* Handfuls of Night (2019)
* Rain Before Seven... (2023)

### Sundog

* Insofar (2012)

### Aparat

* Aparat (2016)
# Clarence Islands

The Clarence Islands are a Canadian Arctic island group in the Nunavut Territory. The islands lie in the James Ross Strait, 16 kilometres (10 miles) east of Cape Felix, off the northeast coast of King William Island. They are about 40 km (25 mi) west of Kent Bay on the Boothia Peninsula, and about 40 km (25 mi) northwest of the Tennent Islands.

## History

Captain (Sir) John Ross commanded the Victory during his second Arctic exploration (1829—1833), partly in order to regain credibility after charting a fictional landform, Croker Mountains, during his first Arctic expedition. He chose his nephew, Commander James Clark Ross, to be second in command.
In 1830, while exploring within the Ross Strait, James Ross charted three islands. He named the group "Beaufort Islands" after Capt. Francis Beaufort, hydrographer of the Admiralty, and named the individual islands Adolphus Island, Frederick Island, and Augustus Island, these also being the names of three sons of the Duke of Clarence. John Ross did not see the "Beaufort Islands".
Upon returning to England in 1833, the expedition's members learned that the Duke of Clarence had ascended to the throne in 1830, becoming King William IV. John Ross reviewed his expedition's chart book with Capt. Beaufort and with the new king. With the notation "changed by His Majesty's command" included, John Ross made changes to the chart: he added six islands and three capes, all with royal Clarence and Fitz-Clarence family names (including Munster Island, Falkland Island, Erskine Island, Fox Island, Errol Island, Cape Sophia, Cape Sidney, and Cape Mary), and renamed the island group "Clarence Islands". While as leader of the expedition, John Ross had authority to name newly charted landforms as he wished, he did not receive authority to add fictional landforms to navigation chart books.
Lady Jane Franklin documented in her diary a meeting she had with Capt. Beaufort regarding the controversial chart book changes:
   Captain B. asked me if Sir John's ire had abated against (James) Ross, and he (Captain B.) seemed much tickled at this subject - he was not one he said to take away a man's fair character, but there were some things that ought to be held up to reprobation, and he was now going to tell me a good story. He had the book brought him and he asked me how many islands I counted in the Clarence group. I counted 9 - 3 I said were lilac, and the others white. "Well", says he, "there are but 3, and when the chart was first shown to me, there were only 3 marked down, but Ross having proposed to the King to call them the Clarence Islands, 'Yes, yes,' said the King, 'call them the Clarence islands', and then Ross thought it would be as well to make a few more, so that the Clarences and Fitzclarences might have one apiece." The story was afterwards confirmed to Sir John by Capt. James Ross, who said that his uncle had never seen the islands, had never been there and that it was he, Capt. James, who laid down in the map the true original number.
# Spell My Name with an S

"Spell My Name with an S" is a science fiction short story by American writer Isaac Asimov. The story first appeared in the January 1958 (and only) issue of Star Science Fiction under the title "S as in Zebatinsky", and was reprinted in the 1959 collection Nine Tomorrows under Asimov's original title. The story was inspired by Asimov's frustration with the frequent misspelling of his name as "Azimov".

## Plot summary

The story concerns Marshall Zebatinsky, a Polish-American nuclear physicist. He is concerned that his career has stalled, and in desperation consults a numerologist for advice on restarting it. The numerologist advises him to change the first letter of his name to "S": Sebatinsky.
A complicated series of events ensue in which Sebatinsky is investigated by the Security establishment, who feel that he must be trying to hide something. His Polish origins lead them to suspect that he is trying to distract attention from relatives in the Eastern Bloc. They discover that he does have a distant cousin who is also a physicist, which leads to the discovery that the Soviet Union is working on gamma ray-deflecting shielding as a nuclear defense.
The Americans immediately start to develop their own counter-defense. They still have no real reason to suspect Sebatinsky, but just in case they look for a discreet way to get him out of the classified project in which he is engaged. Much to his surprise (and delight), Sebatinsky is appointed to a senior professorial post, which is exactly what he hoped for when he went to the numerologist.
At the end of the story, it is revealed that the numerologist is actually an extraterrestrial and that he was involved in a bet with another extraterrestrial as to whether he could avert a nuclear war on Earth with a minor stimulus. The story concludes with the same two beings making another bet to put everything back the way it was with another minuscule alteration, with the likely consequence that the world will end in nuclear holocaust after all.
Asimov comments that the last section of the story was put in as an afterthought. Despite the original happy ending, Asimov was not satisfied, because the numerologist had not been accounted for. So he put in the last part to explain the numerologist, giving the story a sad ending after all.

## Adaptations

* Spell My Name with an S (2014), short film directed by Samuel Ali
# Nam Yun-bae

Nam Yun-Bae (Korean: 남윤배; born in Seongnam, Gyeonggi Province, South Korea) is a South Korean taekwondo practitioner.
In 2004, he won the gold medal in heavyweight and was named MVP at the World Youth Taekwondo Championships held in Suncheon, South Korea.
In 2005, Nam won the gold medal in heavyweight at the Summer Universiade, and claimed another gold medal at the 2006 World Cup Taekwondo in Bangkok, Thailand.
However, Nam didn't qualify for the 2008 Summer Olympics as he lost to heavyweight rival Cha Dong-Min in the Korean Olympic trials.
Nam won the silver medal at the 2009 World Taekwondo Championships held in Copenhagen, Denmark. This was a step up from the championships held in Beijing 2007, where he won bronze.
# Rod (optical phenomenon)

In cryptozoology and ufology, "rods" (also known as "skyfish", "air rods", or "solar entities") are elongated visual artifacts appearing in photographic images and video recordings.
Most optical analyses to date have concluded that the images are insects moving across the frame as the photo is being captured, although cryptozoologists and ufologists claim that they are paranormal in nature.

## Optical analysis

Robert Todd Carroll (2003), having consulted an entomologist (Doug Yanega), identified rods as images of flying insects recorded over several cycles of wing-beating on video recording devices. The insect captured on image a number of times, while propelling itself forward, gives the illusion of a single elongated rod-like body, with bulges.
A 2000 report by staff at "The Straight Dope" also explained rods as such phenomena, namely tricks of light which result from how (primarily video) images of flying insects are recorded and played back, adding that investigators have shown the rod-like bodies to be a result of motion blur, if the camera is shooting with relatively long exposure times.
The claims of these being extraordinary creatures, possibly alien, have been advanced by either people with active imaginations, or hoaxers.
In August 2005, China Central Television (CCTV) aired a two-part documentary about flying rods in China. It reported the events from May to June of the same year at Tonghua Zhenguo Pharmaceutical Company in Tonghua City, Jilin Province, which debunked the flying rods. Surveillance cameras in the facility's compound captured video footage of flying rods identical to those shown in Jose Escamilla's video. Getting no satisfactory answer to the phenomenon, curious scientists at the facility decided that they would try to solve the mystery by attempting to catch these airborne creatures. Huge nets were set up and the same surveillance cameras then captured images of rods flying into the trap. When the nets were inspected, the "rods" were no more than regular moths and other ordinary flying insects. Subsequent investigations proved that the appearance of flying rods on video was an optical illusion created by the slower recording speed of the camera.
After attending a lecture by Jose Escamilla, UFO investigator Robert Sheaffer wrote that "some of his 'rods' were obviously insects zipping across the field at a high angular rate" and others appeared to be "appendages" which were birds' wings blurred by the camera exposure.

## Paranormal claims

Various paranormal interpretations of this phenomenon appear in popular culture. One of the more outspoken proponents of rods as alien life forms was Jose Escamilla, who claimed to have been the first to film them on March 19, 1994, in Roswell, New Mexico, while attempting to film a UFO. Escamilla later made additional videos and embarked on lecture tours to promote his claims.

## Explanatory notes

* ↑ "where unscrupulous people are exploiting a gullible public for profit", according to "Straight Dope" staff.