# 2008 Libertarian National Convention

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The 2008 Libertarian National Convention was held from May 22 to May 26, 2008, at the Sheraton Hotel (formerly the Adam's Mark Hotel) in Denver, Colorado. The delegates at the convention, on behalf of the U.S. Libertarian Party, nominated Bob Barr for president and Wayne Allyn Root for vice president in the 2008 presidential election. The convention was televised nationally on C-SPAN.
Libertarians hold a national convention every two years to vote on party bylaws, platform and resolutions and elect national party officers and a judicial committee. Every four years it nominates presidential and vice presidential candidates.
The theme of this convention was A Better Choice for America.
Two non-binding primaries preceded the convention.

## Platform

In 2006 the self-styled Libertarian Party "reformers" at the National Convention in Portland, Oregon took out 46 platform planks detailing party positions, leaving just fifteen. In 2008 more "radical" libertarians attempted to restore that platform. They did not succeed, but they narrowly prevented the reformers from softening the language of the non-aggression principle in the party's “Statement of Principles”. The revised platform did replace the plank on secession, deleted in 2006, with a definition of self-determination drawn from the Declaration of Independence: "Whenever any form of government becomes destructive of individual liberty, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to agree to such new governance as to them shall seem most likely to protect their liberty."

## Presidential candidates

Libertarian Party presidential candidates, 2008 :
| Candidate | Home state | Profession | Campaign |
| Bob Barr | Georgia | Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Georgia's 7th district (1995–2003) | (Campaign • Positions • Website) |
| Mike Gravel | Alaska | U.S. Senator from Alaska (1969–1981) | (Campaign • Positions • Website) |
| Daniel Imperato | Florida | Businessman | |
| Mike Jingozian | Oregon | Software developer | |
| Steve Kubby | California | Libertarian activist | (Campaign) |
| Robert Milnes | New Jersey | Activist | |
| George Phillies | Massachusetts | Professor of Physics at Worcester Polytechnic Institute | |
| Wayne Allyn Root | Nevada | Businessman, media personality, author, TV producer | (Campaign) |
| Mary Ruwart | Texas | Retired biomedical researcher; Libertarian speaker, writer, and activist | (Campaign) |
| Christine Smith | Colorado | Humanitarian activist, and writer | |

## Voting for presidential nomination
### First ballot

After the first round, six of the eight candidates running moved on to the second round of voting. Mike Jingozian and Christine Smith were both eliminated due to their small percentage of votes. Jingozian endorsed former Senator Mike Gravel, and Smith presented a speech attacking Bob Barr after the results were announced.
2008 Libertarian Party National Convention total vote count: Round 1 :
| Candidate | Total votes cast | Percent of votes cast |
| Bob Barr | 153 | 24.3% |
| Mary Ruwart | 152 | 24.1% |
| Wayne Allyn Root | 123 | 19.5% |
| Mike Gravel | 71 | 11.3% |
| George Phillies | 49 | 7.8% |
| Steve Kubby | 41 | 6.5% |
| Mike Jingozian | 23 | 3.7% |
| Christine Smith | 6 | 1.0% |
| Ron Paul (write-in) | 6 | 1.0% |
| Penn Jillette (write-in) | 3 | 0.5% |
| NOTA | 2 | 0.3% |
| Daniel Imperato (write-in) | 1 | 0.2% |
| Stephen Colbert (write-in) | 1 | 0.2% |
| | Color key: 1st place 2nd place 3rd place 4th place 5th place 6th place 7th place | Color key: 1st place 2nd place 3rd place 4th place 5th place 6th place 7th place |

### Second ballot

After the second round, five of the six candidates running moved on to the third ballot. Steve Kubby, after receiving only 5% of the total vote, dropped out of the race and endorsed Dr. Mary Ruwart.
2008 Libertarian Party National Convention total vote count: Round 2 :
| Candidate | Total votes cast | Percent of votes cast |
| Bob Barr | 188 | 29.8% |
| Mary Ruwart | 162 | 25.7% |
| Wayne Allyn Root | 138 | 21.9% |
| Mike Gravel | 73 | 11.6% |
| George Phillies | 36 | 5.7% |
| Steve Kubby | 32 | 5.1% |
| NOTA | 1 | 0.2% |
| Stephen Colbert (write-in) | 1 | 0.2% |
| | Color key: 1st place 2nd place 3rd place 4th place 5th place 6th place (tied) | Color key: 1st place 2nd place 3rd place 4th place 5th place 6th place (tied) |

### Third ballot

After the third round of voting, four of the five remaining candidates moved on to the fourth ballot. Dr. George Phillies was eliminated after receiving approximately 5% of the vote.
2008 Libertarian Party National Convention total vote count: Round 3 :
| Candidate | Total votes cast | Percent of votes cast |
| Bob Barr | 186 | 29.6% |
| Mary Ruwart | 186 | 29.6% |
| Wayne Allyn Root | 146 | 23.3% |
| Mike Gravel | 78 | 12.4% |
| George Phillies | 31 | 4.9% |
| Ron Paul (write-in) | 1 | 0.2% |
| | Color key: 1st place (tied) 2nd place 3rd place 4th place | Color key: 1st place (tied) 2nd place 3rd place 4th place |

### Fourth ballot

After the fourth vote, three of the four candidates went on to the fifth round of voting. Fmr. Sen. Mike Gravel was eliminated after not getting a sufficient number of votes, and subsequently announced that his political career was over.
2008 Libertarian Party National Convention total vote count: Round 4 :
| Candidate | Total votes cast | Percent of votes cast |
| Bob Barr | 202 | 32.0% |
| Mary Ruwart | 202 | 32.0% |
| Wayne Allyn Root | 149 | 23.6% |
| Mike Gravel | 76 | 12.0% |
| NOTA | 3 | 0.5% |
| | Color key: 1st place (tied) 2nd place 3rd place | Color key: 1st place (tied) 2nd place 3rd place |

### Fifth ballot

After the fifth ballot, the final two of three candidates continued on to the sixth ballot. Wayne Allyn Root was therefore eliminated, and after the vote, he made a speech endorsing Barr and stating that he would like to be Barr's candidate for vice-president. Barr and Root then stated that they would run together.
2008 Libertarian Party National Convention total vote count: Round 5 :
| Candidate | Total votes cast | Percent of votes cast |
| Mary Ruwart | 229 | 36.8% |
| Bob Barr | 223 | 35.8% |
| Wayne Allyn Root | 165 | 26.5% |
| NOTA | 6 | 1.0% |
| | Color key: 1st place 2nd place 3rd place | Color key: 1st place 2nd place 3rd place |

### Sixth ballot

With only Barr and Ruwart remaining on the ballot, Barr received 324 votes to Ruwart's 276 and 26 NOTA. Barr thus won the nomination with 51.8% of the final vote.
Ruwart made a concession speech following the announcement of the results with her campaign staff on the stage.
2008 Libertarian Party National Convention total vote count: Round 6 :
| Candidate | Total votes cast | Percent of votes cast |
| Bob Barr | 324 | 51.8% |
| Mary Ruwart | 276 | 44.1% |
| NOTA | 26 | 4.2% |
| | Color key: 1st place 2nd place | Color key: 1st place 2nd place |

## Voting for vice presidential nomination

A separate vote was held for the vice presidential nomination. Presidential nominee Barr endorsed Root, while presidential runner-up Ruwart endorsed Kubby.

### First ballot

After the first ballot, three of the six active candidates running moved on to the second ballot.
2008 Libertarian Party National Convention total vote count: Round 1 :
| Candidate | Total votes cast | Percent of votes cast |
| Wayne Allyn Root | 269 | 47.7% |
| Steve Kubby | 209 | 37.1% |
| Daniel Williams | 40 | 7.1% |
| Jim Burns | 27 | 4.8% |
| Gail Lightfoot | 14 | 2.5% |
| NOTA | 2 | 0.4% |
| Mike Ferguson (write-in) | 1 | 0.2% |
| Mary Ruwart (write-in) | 1 | 0.2% |
| Leonard Schwartz | 1 | 0.2% |
| | Color key: 1st place 2nd place 3rd place 4th place | Color key: 1st place 2nd place 3rd place 4th place |

### Second ballot

After the second ballot, Wayne Allyn Root was nominated as the vice presidential candidate, prevailing by a difference of 30 votes over Steve Kubby, and 279 votes over Daniel Williams.
2008 Libertarian Party National Convention total vote count: Round 2 :
| Candidate | Total votes cast | Percent of votes cast |
| Wayne Allyn Root | 289 | 51.0% |
| Steve Kubby | 259 | 45.7% |
| Daniel Williams | 10 | 1.8% |
| NOTA | 6 | 1.1% |
| Unknown Richard (write-in) | 1 | 0.2% |
| Mike Ferguson (write-in) | 1 | 0.2% |
| Mary Ruwart (write-in) | 1 | 0.2% |
| | Color key: 1st place 2nd place 3rd place (tied) | Color key: 1st place 2nd place 3rd place (tied) |