OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chulo (song)

"Chulo" is a song recorded by Spanish singer-songwriter Bad Gyal. It was released on 10 February 2023 through Universal Music Latino and Interscope Records. A remix version featuring rappers Tokischa and Young Miko was released on 21 June 2023 as the fourth single from Bad Gyal's debut studio album, La joia (2024). The remix achieved significant success, becoming the first song by Bad Gyal to chart in several countries.

## Composition

"Chulo" was written by Alba Farelo, Marco Borrero, and Alejandro Ramírez. The production was handled by Mag. It was composed in the key of F minor with a tempo of 97 beats per minute. It was described as a reggaeton song. According to El Periódico, the lyrics narrate "the desire between two people who do not seek to become intimate in a loving way, but rather want to enjoy sex freely."

## Live performances

Bad Gyal performed "Chulo" at the 8th Annual Latin American Music Awards on 20 April 2023 at the MGM Grand Garden Arena.

## Certifications

Certifications for "Chulo" :
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Spain (PROMUSICAE) | 4× Platinum | 160,000$^‡$ |
| United States (RIAA) | Platinum (Latin) | 60,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||

## Remix

On 21 June 2023, Bad Gyal released a remix of the song, titled "Chulo pt. 2", along with Dominican rapper Tokischa and Puerto Rican rapper Young Miko as the fourth single from Bad Gyal's debut studio album, La joia (2024).
In Latin America, the remix achieved significant success, becoming the first song by Bad Gyal to chart in several countries. In the United States, the remix became her highest appearance in the Billboard Global 200 chart since "Kármika". It was certified platinum in the United States and gold in Mexico.

### Background and composition

Bad Gyal called the remix "a very organic collaboration", saying that Tokischa and Young Miko "gave this song a new meaning and transformed it into a very original and perfect continuation, straying away from the typical remix". The production was handled by Mag and Mauro was credited as an additional producer. The cover art was designed by Pol Anglada, who also designed the cover for the original version.

### Music video

A music video for the remix was uploaded to Bad Gyal's YouTube account on 21 June 2023. The video was directed by Artasans and produced by Nora Carbonell, and was shot in Barcelona, Spain. It features the three artists in a limousine "having a wild girls' night out". As of February 2024, the video has received over 203 million views, being Bad Gyal's most viewed video on the platform.

### Certifications

Certifications for "Chulo pt. 2" :
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Mexico (AMPROFON) | Gold | 70,000$^‡$ |
| United States (RIAA) | 6× Platinum (Latin) | 360,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Christopher Flavin

Christopher Flavin is the former president of the Worldwatch Institute, an independent research organization focused on natural resource and environmental issues, based in Washington, DC. He is also a founding member of the Board of Directors of the Business Council for Sustainable Energy and is a member of the National Academy of Sciences Board on Energy and Environmental Systems, the Climate Institute, and the Environmental and Energy Study Institute. His research and writing focus is international energy and climate policy. One of his popular quotes on Sustainability states "Building a world where we meet our own needs without denying future generations a healthy society is not impossible, as some would assert. The question is where societies choose to put their creative efforts".

## Biography

Christopher Flavin has participated in several notable international conferences, including the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 and the Climate Change Conference in Kyoto, Japan, in 1997. He has testified before national and state legislatures and meets frequently with government and international leaders.
Flavin is a native of Monterey, California and a cum laude graduate of Williams College, where he studied economics, biology, and environmental studies.

## Selected publications

* Power Surge: Guide to the Coming Energy Revolution, W.W. Norton, 1994.
* Rising Sun, Gathering Winds: Policies to Stabilize the Climate and Strengthen Economies, Worldwatch Paper 138, November 1997.
* Regular contributions to State of the World, Vital Signs and World Watch.
* Low-Carbon Energy: A Roadmap, 2008.
# Silja Suija

Silja Suija (born 15 June 1974) is an Estonian cross-country skier. She competed at the 1994 Winter Olympics and the 2006 Winter Olympics.

## Cross-country skiing results

All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).

### Olympic Games

| Year | Age | 5 km | 10 km | 15 km | Pursuit | 30 km | Sprint | 4 × 5 km  relay | Team  sprint |
| 1994 | 19 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2006 | 31 | — | 49 | — | — | — | — | 17 | — |

### World Championships

| Year | Age | 10 km  individual | 15 km  skiathlon | 30 km  mass start | Sprint | 4 × 5 km  relay | Team  sprint |
| 2005 | 30 | — | — | 34 | 38 | 13 | — |

### World Cup
#### Season standings

| Season | Age | Discipline standings | Discipline standings | Discipline standings | Ski Tour standings | Ski Tour standings |
| Season | Age | Overall | Distance | Sprint | Tour de Ski | World Cup Final |
| 1994 | 21 | NC | — | — | — | — |
| 2005 | 24 | 91 | 59 | — | — | — |
| 2006 | 25 | NC | NC | NC | — | — |
| 2007 | 26 | NC | NC | NC | — | — |
| 2008 | 27 | NC | NC | — | — | — |
# Kangiryuarmiut

The Kangiryuarmiut (or Kanhiryuarmiut; or Kanhiryiirmiut) are an Inuvialuit group, culturally and historically related to the Copper Inuit. They were historically located on Victoria Island in the areas of Prince Albert Sound, Cape Baring, and central Victoria island. They often travelled seasonally around their traditional territory including to Banks Island, both south to Nelson Head and as far north as Mercy Bay to collect raw materials from the wreck of HMS Investigator. Archaeologists have also found many sites left by Kangiryuarmiut and their ancestors in what is now Aulavik National Park. Today, many Kangiryurmiut still live on Victoria Island, in the hamlet of Uluhaktok, now within the Inuvialuit Settlement Region.
The Kangiryuarmiut speak the Kangiryuarmiutun, often considered a subdialect of Inuvialuktun, although it is more closely related to Inuinnaqtun. Inuvialuktun names for groups often refer to geographic features within a group's traditional territory. Kangiryuarmiut translates to "the people of the large bay", referring to Prince Albert Sound.
Kangiryuarmiut subsisted on bear. They were the only Copper Inuit who built iglooit on land.
The Kangiryuarmiut and the Kangiryuatjagmiut of Minto Inlet were the northernmost Copper Inuit. They migrated seasonally in western Victoria Island, Banks Island, and the mainland around Kugluktuk, Nunavut. Prior to white contact, and prior to the introduction of schooners, they migrated usually by foot, developing what Nuttall referred to as an "embodied memoryscape", meaning that people knew place names along the route, the accompanying stories, and the collective significance with relational understanding of locations. According to Helen Balanoff from the NWT Literacy Council and Cynthia Chambers from the University of Lethbridge, this knowledge is integral to social identity and Inuinnaqtun literacy.
# Teder

Teder is a surname of Estonian origin, meaning "black grouse," and may refer to:
* Hillar Teder (born 1962), Estonian businessman
* Indrek Teder (born 1957), Estonian lawyer and jurist
* Kristjan Teder (1901–1960), Estonian painter
* Tarmo Teder (born 1958), Estonian writer, poet and critic
# Gopeng

Gopeng (Jawi: ڬوڤيڠ, Chinese: 務邊) is a town located in Mukim Teja, Kampar District, Perak, Malaysia. It is situated approximately 20 km (12 mi) south of Ipoh, the state capital.

## History

Gopeng was the most important town in the Kinta Valley until 1890, when Ipoh became more prominent. Gopeng was intensively mined by both European and Chinese miners, the latter having significant Hakka representation under Chung Keng Kwee, the leader of the Hai San secret society during the Larut War. He was appointed as the Kapitan Cina after the Pangkor Treaty, and although his main homes were in Taiping and Penang, he maintained his foothold in Gopeng, securing contracts for street lighting there in 1892 as well as building quarters for civil servants thereafter. For the first few decades after British intervention, Gopeng was run by a tripartite; the Europeans, the Chinese led by the Eu family, and the Sumatrans by the Assistant Penghulu Imam Prang Ja Barumun. Gopeng is also one of the first places where large numbers of Orang Asli came into contact with outsiders in the 19th century.

## Amenities

* Pejabat Pos Gopeng
* Balai Polis Gopeng
* Gopeng Fire and Rescue Station
* RTC Gopeng
* Padang Bandaran Gopeng
* Gopeng Baru Jamek Mosque

### Commercial services

* Pasar Awam Gopeng
* Medan Purnama
* Hup Teck Soy Sauce Factory
* Gopeng Light Industrial Park

## Transportation
### Road network

Gopeng is located on the west side of the North-South Expressway (E1) stretch of Tapah–Simpang Pulai. The expressway cuts through the karst landscape of the Kinta Valley on the western foothills of the Titiwangsa Mountains, and Tapah–Gopeng stretch is one of the most scenic routes on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia. On clear days, the Lata Kinjang waterfall could be seen on the right side of the highway for drivers heading up north to Gopeng.

### Bus

* Stesen Bas Gopeng

## Education
### Primary schools
#### Vernacular schools

* SJK (C) Man Ming
* SJK (C) New Kopisan
* SJK (C) Lawan Kuda Baru

#### National schools

* SK Gopeng Taman Gopeng Baru (previous building now Pusat Giat Mara)
* SK Gopeng Jalan Ilmu (previous English School Gopeng)
* SK Sungai Itek
* SK Ulu Geruntum

### Secondary schools

* SMK Idris Shah
* SMK Seri Teja
* Sekolah Berasrama Penuh Integrasi

### Tertiary institutions

* Perak Matriculation College
* Kolej Komuniti RTC Gopeng
* Akademi Kemahiran KEMAS Gopeng

## Tourist attractions

* Tempurung Cave
* Gopeng Heritage House
* Gaharu Tea Valley
* Taman Herba Negeri Perak
* My Gopeng Resort
* Nomad Adventure Sdn Bhd

## Notable personalities born in Gopeng

* Lat - Malaysian cartoonist, winner of the Fukuoka Asian Culture Prize in 2002
* Burhanuddin al-Helmy - Malaysian politician, President of the Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) from 1956 to his death in October 1969
* Chew Swee Kee - Singaporean politician, served as Minister of Education from 1955 to around 1959
* Rashid Maidin - senior leader of the Communist Party of Malaya (CPM).
# HMS Royal James (1671)

HMS Royal James was a 102-gun first rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, built by Anthony Deane at Portsmouth Dockyard at a cost of £24,000, and launched on 31 March 1671.
She was the first Royal Navy vessel to be assembled using iron as a part of her frame, rather than merely in bolts and nails. Her shipwright, Sir Anthony Deane modified the vessel's plans to include U-shaped iron bars to secure the planking of the hull, despite stern disapproval from Admiralty's representative, the Clerk of the Acts Samuel Pepys. Deane defended his actions by claiming there was a shortage of usable wood. His defence was personally reviewed by the King, Charles II, who upheld the use of iron. However, the innovation was not repeated in other Royal Navy vessels until adoption of the 1719 Establishment nearly fifty years later.
Royal James was also one of only three Royal Navy ships to be equipped with the Rupertinoe naval gun. She fought at the Battle of Solebay on 7 June 1672 (28 May 1672 O.S.) as Admiral Edward Montagu's flagship. She was attacked by first Dolfijn, and then Groot Hollandia, before finally coming under attack by Dutch fireships. Royal James was destroyed by the fire and sank. Montagu died, although the ship's Captain, Richard Haddock, survived and went on to hold a distinguished career in the Navy. She had seen barely four months service.
# Julia Chevanne-Gimel

Julia Chevanne-Gimel (born 7 November 1975) is a French equestrian. She competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics and the 2008 Summer Olympics.
She became the French national champion in 2003 and 2007.
# Government Seal of Japan

The Government Seal of Japan, one of the country's national seals, is the emblem (mon) of paulownia used by the Prime Minister, the Cabinet and the executive branch of the Government of Japan on official documents. It is generally known as the 5-7 Paulownia (五七桐, Go-shichi (no) Kiri), used by those in power and is the official emblem of the Japanese government today. It resembles a stylized paulownia with 5-7-5 flowers. It is one of various paulownia mon, collectively known as the Paulownia Seals (桐紋, kirimon) or the Paulownia Flower Seals (桐花紋, tōkamon).

## History

Before the Chrysanthemum Seal was used extensively, the Paulownia Seal originally was the private symbol of the Japanese Imperial Family, from as early as the sixteenth century. The Toyotomi clan, led by Toyotomi Hideyoshi, later adopted the Paulownia Seal for use as the crest of his clan. After the Meiji Restoration, the seal was eventually adopted as the emblem of the Japanese government.
It is now mainly used by the Japanese government, as a contrast to the Chrysanthemum Seal which represents the Emperor as the symbol of the sovereignty of the State, and members of the Imperial Family.

## Designs

More than 140 designs exist. The most common one is the 5–3 Paulownia (五三桐, Go-san no Kiri), consisting of three leaves and an inflorescence of 3–5–3 flowers. It is found in the emblems of the Ministry of Justice, the Imperial Guard Headquarters, and the University of Tsukuba. The 5-7 Paulownia and 5-3 Paulownia are also called "Go-shichi Giri" and "Go-san Giri" without the particle "no" respectively, due to consonant mutation ("Kiri" → "Giri") known as rendaku in the Japanese language. The Paulownia Seals contain the leaves and flowers of Paulownia tomentosa ("princess tree"), which is called "kiri" (桐) or "shirogiri (白桐)" in Japanese.
| Design | Name | Japanese | Description |
| 5-3 Paulownia | "Maru ni Go-san no Kiri" | 丸に五三桐 | According to a study by Japan Kamon Society (ja:日本家紋研究会, Nihon Kamon Kenkyūkai), about 70% of the paulownia crests use this roundel of the 5-3 Paulownia. |
| 5-3 Paulownia | "Go-san Oni Kiri" | 五三鬼桐 | The 5-3 Paulownia flowers of this design resemble oni's sharp horns. |
| 5-7 Paulownia | "Go-shichi no Kiri" | 五七桐 | The plain 5-7 Paulownia has been used by those in power and is the official emblem of the Prime Minister, the Cabinet, and the Government today. It resembles a stylized paulownia with 5-7-5 flowers. |
| 5-7 Paulownia | "Taikō Kiri" | 太閤桐 | Toyotomi Hideyoshi used the 5-3 Paulownia and 5-7 Paulownia crests, and this was one of his official mon. A retired kampaku was called taikō [ja], which commonly referred to him. |
| Other | "Tosa Kiri" | 土佐桐 | The Tosa Yamauchi clan used this variant, which came from the crest that Yamauchi Kazutoyo received from Toyotomi Hideyoshi. |
| Other | "Kiri Agehachō" | 桐揚羽蝶 | This design shows a swallowtail butterfly mimicking paulownia. It resembles the swallowtail butterfly mon used by the famed Taira clan, which was one of the most important and powerful clans of Japan. |
# Ang Latest

Ang Latest (Filipino for "The Latest") is a Philippine television talk show broadcast by TV5. Hosted by Amy Perez, Mr. Fu and Cristy Fermin. It aired every Saturdays at 10:30 am (later moved to 11 pm and 11:30 pm) from August 4, 2012 to July 13, 2013, replacing Paparazzi. The show aired as Ang Latest Up Late every Weekdays at 12:15 am (later at 11:45 pm and 11:15 pm and 11:30 pm and 11:15 pm) from August 6, 2012 to July 19, 2013, replacing Juicy!.

## Hosts

* Amy Perez
* Mr. Fu
* Cristy Fermin
* Lucy Torres-Gomez
* Jose Javier Reyes
* Shalala
* Divine Lee
# Koos Bekker

Jacobus Petrus "Koos" Bekker (born 14 December 1952) is a South African billionaire businessman, and the chairman of media group Naspers. The company operates in 130 countries and is listed on the London Stock Exchange and Johannesburg Stock Exchange. It has the largest market capitalization of any media company outside the US, China and India. As of January 2025, his net worth was estimated at US$2.9 billion.

## Early life

Koos Bekker was born in Potchefstroom, South Africa in 1952.$^{:17}$ He attended Hoër Volkskool Heidelberg and completed degrees at Stellenbosch University, in law and literature, and at Wits University, in law. He holds an MBA from Columbia Business School,$^{:17}$ New York and an honorary doctorate from Stellenbosch University.

## Career

After a few years in advertising, he received an MBA degree from Columbia Business School, graduating in 1984. As a result of a project paper, he, with a few young colleagues, founded one of the first two pay-television services outside of the US. M-Net and its sister companies, such as Multichoice, eventually expanded to 48 countries across Africa. In the 1990s, he was a founding director of mobile communication company MTN. In 1997 Bekker became CEO of Naspers, one of the initial investors in the M-Net/Multichoice group. Naspers bought out the other shareholders. During his tenure, the market capitalization of Naspers grew from about $1.2 billion to $45 billion. His compensation package was unusual in that for fifteen years as CEO he earned no salary, bonus or perks. He was compensated solely via stock option grants that vested over time.
Under Bekker, Naspers invested in pay television, mobile telephony and various internet services. The group conducts business in Europe, Africa, Latin America, China, India, Russia, and various smaller countries.
In 2020, former South African Minister for Communications, Yunus Carrim testified to the Zondo Commission into State Capture that Bekker had played a significant role in irregularly pressuring government officials to protect MultiChoice's effective monopoly over South Africa's pay-TV sector. Carrim stated that this was done by lobbying government to prevent the opening up and rollout of encryption capacity in set-top boxes. MultiChoice has denied these allegations, noting that Carrim confirmed that he had no personal knowledge of any fraud or corruption on MultiChoice's part.
The Constitutional Court has held that Government's digital migration policy is not centered around individual players in the broadcasting industry and that the policy decision to dump decryption capability in government subsidized DTT set top boxes was in the best interests of the poor and the broader public. [Electronic Media Network Limited and Others v e.tv (Pty) Limited and Others 2017 (9) BCLR 1108 (CC).

## Personal life

Bekker is married to Karen Roos, has two children and resides in Cape Town, South Africa. The couple have been responsible for developing Hadspen House near Castle Cary in Somerset, England, as The Newt in Somerset, a luxury hotel and visitor attraction in extensive grounds.
# Dickie Bachmann

Richard "Dickie" Bachmann (born January 11, 1968) is a Filipino sports executive and former basketball player who serves as the chairman of the Philippine Sports Commission (PSC).

## Education

Bachmann attended De La Salle University from 1986 to 1991 graduating with a degree in commerce.

## Career
### Playing career

Bachmann also played for the Green Archers, the De La Salle University's varsity team when he was in college. He was also part of the Alaska Milkmen of the Philippine Basketball Association. He joined the team in the 1993 PBA Draft at age 25.

### Coaching career

Bachmann served as an assistant for the Milkmen with Jun Reyes in 1998 to 1999 as playing assistants. In 2000, they became full-time assistants. Bachmann served as an assistant until 2012.

### Executive career

He was the general manager of the defunct PBA team Alaska Aces from 2012, and concurrently Team Governor since 2014 until the team's folded.

### Sports administration

Bachmann was the basketball commissioner of the University Athletic Association of the Philippines (UAAP) having overseen Season 85. He was selected by host Adamson University as commissioner and was set to also oversee Season 86 prior to his appointment as PSC chairman. He is also the chairman of the Philippine Basketball Association's (PBA) 3x3 league.

### President BongBong

Bachmann was appointed by President Bongbong Marcos as chairman of the Philippine Sports Commission (PSC) on December 28, 2022. He succeeded Noli Eala and took oath as chairman on January 4, 2023. He resigned from his other duties with the UAAP and the PBA 3x3 to fully focus on his role with the PSC.

## Personal life

Bachmann's father is Kurt Bachmann, a former national basketball team player.
# Jobie Nutarak

Jobie Nutarak (May 10, 1947 – April 22, 2006) was a politician from Nunavut in northern Canada.

## Biography

Nutarak was born in Pond Inlet on Baffin Island. He was elected to the district of Tunnuniq in 1999 and was re-elected in 2004. In 2004 he was elected to the position of Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Nunavut, being the first unilingual Inuktitut speaking person to hold the position. Prior to territorial politics, Nutarak was involved in local and regional education and active with Inuit land claims organizations.
Nutarak died while on a snowmobile hunting trip, leaving behind a wife, Joanna Nutarak, and five children, Dennis, Harvey, Marc, Angela, and Melanie, along with five grandchildren.
# John Judge (politician)

John William Judge (born September 20, 1944) is an American politician.
Born in Albia, Iowa, to William P. and Mildred, Judge graduated from Albia Community High School and went to Iowa State University. He served in the United States Marine Corps and was stationed in Vietnam serving with the military police. Judge was a farmer and banker. He is married to Patty Judge, who served in the Iowa Senate, and then as Lieutenant Governor of Iowa. Judge has three sons; Douglas, W. Dien, and Joseph. Judge also served in the Iowa Senate from 1999 to 2003 and was a Democrat.
Judge was a member of the Farm Bureau, Knights of Columbus and American Legion.
# Pineapple (Karol G song)

"Pineapple" is a song by Colombian singer-songwriter Karol G, who also wrote it alongside Mauricio Reglero, Ricardo Reglero and Sky Rompiendo, and produced by the latter. The song was released on March 1, 2018 through Universal Music Latino, as lead single from her second studio album Ocean.

## Background

The song was first teased a month prior to its official release through Karol G’s social media accounts, with multiple snippets of the song and lyrics used in captions. The song was officially announced on February 25, 2018, with its release date and cover art revealed. The song was released on March 1, 2018.

## Critical reception

Suzette Fernandez from Billboard referred to the song as "that seductive/urban line that characterizes Karol G."

## Chart performance

"Pineapple" debuted and peaked at number 49 on the US Billboard Hot Latin Songs chart dated March 17, 2018. It charted for one week.

## Awards and nominations

Awards and nominations for "Pineapple" :
| Year | Ceremony | Category | Result |
| 2019 | Heat Latin Music Awards | Best Video | Won |

## Music video

The music video for "Pineapple" was directed by Harold from 36 Grados and was released on Karol G’s YouTube channel on March 1, 2018. As of January 2023, it has over 280 million views.

## Charts

Weekly chart performance for "Pineapple" :
| Chart (2018) | Peak position |
| Spain (PROMUSICAE) | 59 |
| US Hot Latin Songs (Billboard) | 49 |

## Certifications

Certifications for "Pineapple" :
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Spain (PROMUSICAE) | Platinum | 60,000$^‡$ |
| United States (RIAA) | 3× Platinum (Latin) | 180,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||