OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kurds in Norway

Kurds in Norway are Kurds living in Norway. The number of Kurds is estimated between 7,100 and 25,000 and they come mainly from countries in the Middle East. Most Norwegian Kurds live in the capital Oslo. In 1993, population of Kurds in Norway was estimated as 2,000 by Kurdish Institute of Paris (KIP). In 2021, citing a report of the KIP, Rudaw estimates that between 25,000 and 30,000 Kurds reside in Norway.

## Political representation

In the 2021 Norwegian parliamentary election, two Kurdish-Norwegians were elected being Seher Aydar of the Red Party and the other Mani Hussaini from the Labour Party.
# Uwe Sauer

Uwe Sauer (born 30 August 1943) is a German equestrian and Olympic champion. He was born in Hamburg. He won a gold medal in team dressage at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles with Montevideo.
Montevideo and Sauer competed in the 1983 European Championships, where they took an individual bronze and helped the West German team to back-to-back team golds in the 1983 and 1985 European Championships. The pair also competed at the 1984 Olympics in Los Angeles, where they took a team gold and 6th individually. Other major accomplishments include a team gold and an individual silver at the 1984 German Championships and an individual silver at the 1985 German Championships.
# Critchell

Critchell is an English surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* James Charles Critchell-Bullock (1898–1953), English photographer and polar explorer
* Keaton Critchell (born 1997), Australian cricketer
* Kyle Critchell (born 1987), British football manager
# 1836 in archaeology

Below are notable events in archaeology that occurred in 1836.

## Explorations

* October 16 - Ruins of Roman site at Mastaura in Greece visited by William Hamilton.
* Site of Susa in Persia examined by Henry Rawlinson.

## Finds

* May - Right half of Llandaf Diptych (carved from elephant ivory in Paris around 1340/60) found in south Wales.
* June
** 17 miniature coffins of unknown provenance are found in a cave on Arthur's Seat in Edinburgh.
** Wreck of Tudor navy ship Mary Rose (capsized 1545) discovered in the Solent.
* Chatsworth Head found near Tamassos on Cyprus.
* Procne and Itys statue in the Acropolis of Athens, Greece.

## Publications

* Otto Jahn - Palamedes.
* Christian Jürgensen Thomsen - Ledetraad til Nordisk Oldkyndighed.

## Events

* October 25 - Luxor Obelisk re-erected in Place de la Concorde, Paris.
* James Prinsep begins to decipher the Edicts of Ashoka.
# Josephine Pryde

Josephine Pryde (born 1967 in Alnwick, Northumberland) is an English artist. In 2010, reviewing a show of Pryde's work which featured "seven colour photographs of extreme close-ups of clothing on a body, and four sculptures made from half-finished woven baskets and metal butcher’s hooks," the reviewer Dan Fox said that the work "seemed somewhat aloof," adding his opinion that "there was a healthy cynicism here perhaps worth listening to." On 27 May 2011, an exhibition of Pryde's photographs – titled Embryos and Estate Agents: L'Art de Vivre – went on display at the Chisenhale Gallery in East London.
In 2016 she was one of the four artists short-listed for the Turner Prize.
Pryde lives and works in Berlin, Germany and teaches photography at Universität der Künste.

## The New Media Express In A Temporary Siding (Baby Wants To Ride)

The New Media Express In A Temporary Siding (Baby Wants To Ride) is an installation sculpture nominated for the Turner Prize in 2016 - here presented under the show Lapses In Thinking By The Person I Am - consisting of a model cargo, with a Class 66 diesel locomotive and DB Schenker carriages, in an elevated state. The train is inscribed by graffiti hailing from artists from all of the cities it has been exhibited in. The work is conceptual on a multitude of art history layers and could so be portraited as a time-travel-train.
Pryde is represented by Reena Spaulings Fine Art and Galerie Neu in Berlin. Her work is in the collection of the Museum of Metropolitan Art, The Art Institute of Chicago, MUDAM The Contemporary Art Museum of Luxembourg, Fonds National d'Art Contemporain, FRAC Lorraine, Stedelijk Museum, Tate Britain, British Council, Museum of Modern Art New York and MOCA Los Angeles.
# Mesdag Collection

The Mesdag Collection is an art museum in The Hague, Netherlands. It is managed by the Van Gogh Museum.
The museum is housed next to the former house of the Dutch painter Hendrik Willem Mesdag and shows the art Mesdag and his wife Sina van Houten collected from 1866 to 1903. It features work of the painters of the Hague School like Willem Roelofs and Anton Mauve and work of the French Barbizon School (Jean-Baptiste Camille Corot, Théodore Rousseau, Jean-François Millet, Charles-François Daubigny and Eugène Delacroix and paintings of Lawrence Alma-Tadema. There is also a large collection of Japanese art and Japanese craftwork (pottery) on show. This all is shown in a typical 19th-century setting.
The museum was closed for renovation for roughtly two years until Spring 2011. On 14 May 2011 it was re-opened and renamed from "Museum Mesdag" to "The Mesdag Collection".
The Panorama Mesdag is housed in different premises within walking distance from The Mesdag Collection.

## History

In 1887, Hendrik Willem Mesdag and Sina Van Houten finished construction on a building next to their house to serve as a museum for their art collection. In 1903, Hendrik Mesdag donated the museum to the Netherlands. After Henrik Mesdag's death in 1915, parts of his private collection were sold.
In 1990, the museum came under the management of the Van Gogh Museum. From 2011 to 2015, the Van Gogh Museum and the Netherlands Institute for Art History researched and digitized the Mesdags' original art collection, the current Mesdag collection, and Henrik Mesdag's letters.

## Visitor Numbers

In 2023, the Mesdag Collections received 9,389 visitors.
# Nestor Östergren

Nestor Edvard August Östergren (26 February 1890 – 28 October 1970) was a Swedish rower. He competed in the men's coxed four event at the 1920 Summer Olympics.
# Hans Wedemann

Hans Wedemann (June 25, 1912 – 1989) was a German canoeist, born in Hamburg, who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics. In 1936, he finished fourth together with his partner Heinrich Sack in the C-2 1000 metre event.
# Atlant-Soyuz Airlines

Atlant-Soyuz Airlines (Russian: Авиакомпания Атлант-Союз), known as Moscow Airlines (Russian: Авиакомпания Москва) during 2010-2011, was an airline based in Moscow, Russia, that operated domestic and international passenger flights out of Vnukovo International Airport from 1993 to 2011.

## History

OJSC Atlant-Soyuz Airlines was founded and started operations in June 1993, offering passenger and cargo flights using Soviet-build aircraft. The first Boeing airplane was added to the fleet in 2006. In 2007, the company was owned by private investors (75 percent) and the City of Moscow (25 percent) and had 726 employees. Initial plans for a joint-venture with US-based cargo airline Evergreen International Airlines were brought forth in 2007, but never materialized.
On 17 September 2010, the airline was rebranded as Moscow Airlines. Following this step, all Ilyushin Il-76 cargo aircraft were removed from the fleet, marking the end of dedicated cargo flights. On 17 January 2011, Moscow Airlines discontinued all flight activities, and the company went into liquidation.

## Destinations

In December 2010, Moscow Airlines served the following scheduled destinations:
* Azerbaijan
** Ganja - Ganja Airport
** Nakhchivan - Nakhchivan Airport
* Czech Republic
** Brno - Brno-Tuřany Airport
* Russia
** Gelendzhik - Gelendzhik Airport
** Moscow - Vnukovo International Airport hub
** Sochi - Sochi International Airport
* Tajikistan
** Dushanbe - Dushanbe Airport
* Uzbekistan
** Bukhara - Bukhara International Airport
** Fergana - Fergana Airport
** Samarkand - Samarkand Airport
** Tashkent - Tashkent International Airport

## Fleet

As of November 2010, Moscow Airlines operated a fleet of 8 Boeing 737 aircraft with an average age of 12.8 years for scheduled passenger flights. Additionally, it owned several older Tupolev and Ilyushin aircraft, which mostly served on charter routes.
Moscow Airlines fleet :
| Aircraft | Total | Orders | Passengers | Passengers | Passengers | Passengers |
| Aircraft | Total | Orders | C | Y+ | Y | Total |
| Boeing 737-300 | 2 | — | 8 | 0 | 120 | 128 |
| Boeing 737-800 | 6 | 2 | ? 0 | 0 0 | ? 189 | 162 189 |
| Ilyushin Il-86 | 5 | — | 0 | 0 | 350 | 350 |
| Tupolev Tu-154M | 2 | — | 8 0 | 0 0 | 150 176 | 158 176 |

## Aircraft gallery

* An Ilyushin Il-76 approaching Dubai International Airport in 2007, painted in the original colors of Atlant-Soyuz.
* An Ilyushin Il-96 landing at Domodedovo International Airport in 2008, featuring the latest livery variant.
* A Boeing 737-300 approaching Moscow-Vnukovo Airport in 2009.
* An Embraer EMB 120 Brasilia at Vnukovo Airport in 2009.
* A Boeing 737-800 approaching Vnukovo Airport in 2010.
* A Tupolev Tu-154 at Gelendzhik Airport in 2010.
# Nautiliaceae

The Nautiliaceae are a family of bacteria placed in an order to itself, Nautiliales. The members of the family are all thermophilic.

## Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)
| 16S rRNA based LTP_10_2024 | 120 marker proteins based GTDB 09-RS220 |
| Nautilia Miroshnichenko et al. 2002 Lebetimonas acidiphila Takai et al. 2005 (type sp.) Lebetimonas natsushimae Nagata et al. 2017 Cetia Grosche et al. 2015 Caminibacter Alain et al. 2002 | Nautilia Lebetimonas Caminibacter [incl. Cetia] |
# Space Master X-7

Space Master X-7 is a 1958 American horror science fiction film in Regalscope from Regal Films, produced by Bernard Glasser, directed by Edward Bernds, that stars Bill Williams, Lyn Thomas, and Robert Ellis. Paul Frees, Judd Holdren, and Moe Howard have supporting roles. The screenplay was written by George Worthing Yates and Daniel Mainwaring.

## Plot

A space probe returns to Earth covered with a mysterious fungus, which, when accidentally mixed with human blood, transforms into an ever-growing pile of space rust. If not stopped, the infection could eventually cover the entire world.

## Cast

* Bill Williams as John Hand
* Lyn Thomas as Laura Greeling
* Robert Ellis as Pvt. Joe Rattigan
* Paul Frees as Dr. Charles T. Pommer
* Rhoda Williams as Stewardess Archer
* Joan Barry as Jean Meyers, a brunette
* Carol Varga as Elaine Frohman
* Thomas Browne Henry as Prof. West
* Thomas Wilde as Collins
* Fred Sherman as Mr. Morse, Hotel Manager
* Gregg Martell as Jim Dale, plane engineer
* Jess Kirkpatrick as Pilot Vaccarino
* Court Shepard as Battalion Fire Chief Hendry
* Moe Howard as Retlinger, the Cab Driver
* Al Baffert as Plane passenger

## Production

After making several Westerns for Regal Films, director Ed Bernds and producer Bernard Glasser thought they would make a science fiction picture.
Bernds says the script was written on "spec" by Daniel Mainwaring and George Worthing Yates. Bernard Glasser bought it and director Bernds rewrote the script without credit because the original was written for a feature film with a larger budget and a longer running time. Bernds said the film's total budget was $90,000.
Glasser, however, recalled that Space Master X-7 was budgeted at $125,000, with $25,000 going to the screenwriters.
The film was rushed into production to take advantage of the Explorer I satellite space launch. Regal's head of publicity, Marty Weiser, recommended they change the title from Missile into Space to the more exciting-sounding Space Master X-7.
Harry Spalding, who was Robert L. Lippert's story editor, recalls the filmmakers went over budget but did a good job, so good they were hired for The Return of the Fly (1959).
Moe Howard, who made a cameo appearance in the film in a notable departure from his slapstick performances, had worked previously with Bernds on his Three Stooges shorts and asked if the production crew had a position for his son-in-law Norman Maurer. Maurer would work as the film's production assistant received $1,000.00 for his efforts. In fact, Glasser was so impressed with Maurer's work that he recommended him to producer Sidney Pink for Pink's upcoming science fiction film, The Angry Red Planet (1959).

## Legacy

A Space Master X-7 video game was announced in 1983 for the Atari 2600 by Fox's video game publishing arm. It was not based on the film; programmer David Lubar had not heard of the 1958 film before Fox decided to attach its title to an original game he had developed. The port to Atari 8-bit computers, published by Sirius Software that same year, was released as Alpha Shield, dropping the film connection entirely.
# Juan Manuel Bellón López

Juan Manuel Bellón López (born 8 May 1950) is a Spanish chess player who holds the FIDE title of Grandmaster (1978). He is a five-time Spanish Chess Champion (1969, 1971, 1974, 1977, 1982), Chess Olympiad individual silver medal winner (1978), and European Team Chess Championship (1989) individual bronze medal winner.

## Biography

From the late 1960s to the mid-1990s, Bellón López was one of the top Spanish chess players. In 1969, 1971, 1974, 1977 and 1982 he won Spanish Chess Championship five times. Juan Manuel Bellón López has participated in international chess tournaments many times, achieving successes including first place or shared first place in: Torremolinos (1978), Stockholm Rilton Cup (1986/87), Barcelona (1988), Terrassa (1990), Castell-Platja d'Aro (1994), Santa Clara (1999), Varadero (2000).
Bellón López played for Spain in the Chess Olympiads:
* In 1970, at second reserve board in the 19th Chess Olympiad in Siegen (+4, =1, -4),
* In 1972, at first reserve board in the 20th Chess Olympiad in Skopje (+7, =3, -3),
* In 1974, at fourth board in the 21st Chess Olympiad in Nice (+7, =8, -3),
* In 1976, at second board in the 22nd Chess Olympiad in Haifa (+6, =1, -4),
* In 1978, at fourth board in the 23rd Chess Olympiad in Buenos Aires (+8, =4, -1) and won individual silver medal,
* In 1980, at second board in the 24th Chess Olympiad in La Valletta (+6, =3, -4),
* In 1982, at second board in the 25th Chess Olympiad in Lucerne (+3, =3, -4),
* In 1984, at second board in the 26th Chess Olympiad in Thessaloniki (+1, =4, -5),
* In 1986, at third board in the 27th Chess Olympiad in Dubai (+2, =2, -2),
* In 1988, at fourth board in the 28th Chess Olympiad in Thessaloniki (+2, =1, -4),
* In 1992, at third board in the 30th Chess Olympiad in Manila (+4, =3, -4).
Bellón López played for Spain in the European Team Chess Championships:
* In 1970, at fifth board in the 4th European Team Chess Championship in Kapfenberg (+0, =1, -5),
* In 1989, at second board in the 9th European Team Chess Championship in Haifa (+4, =3, -1) and won individual bronze medal.
Also Bellón López three times participated in Clare Benedict Chess Cup (1970, 1974–1977) and in team competition won gold (1970) medal.
In 1974, he was awarded the FIDE International Master (IM) title and received the FIDE Grandmaster (GM) title four years later. Bellón López is also a FIDE Developmental Instructor (2014). He is also known for inventing the Bellon Gambit in 1969 and it is still used by many players. One of his chess heroes was Mikhail Tal, former world champion for his creative and aggressive style of play. Juan finally beat him in a match in 1984 in a very memorable game.

## Personal life

He is married to Swedish chess FIDE Grandmaster Pia Cramling, and their daughter Anna Cramling Bellón (born 2002) also plays chess, holding a Women FIDE Master (WFM) title, and has a chess-focused YouTube channel and Twitch stream.
# Charles Arthur Banks

Charles Arthur Banks, CMG (18 May 1885 – 28 September 1961) was the 17th Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia.
In New Zealand, Banks studied engineering at the Thames School of Mines and Colorado School of Mines. After obtaining his degree, Banks immigrated to British Columbia. During World War I, Banks served with the Royal Engineers.
After the war Banks resumed his career in the mining industry. Among other ventures, Banks co-founded the Placer Development Co., later Placer Dome, which was acquired by Barrick Gold in 2006. In 1937, the Mining and Metallurgical Society of America awarded its Gold Medal to Banks for his role in the aerial development of remote mines.
During World War II, Banks served in London as the representative of the Government of Canada. His duties included management of the transportation of supplies for the war effort. His wartime service earned Banks the C.M.G.
Banks was appointed as Lieutenant-Governor on 1 October 1946 and served in that office for four years. After his term in office, Banks relocated to Vancouver where he lived until his death in 1961. Amongst the bequests in his will was a $1.1 million gift to the University of British Columbia used to establish a fund for needy students in his and his wife's name.
# Stará Turá

Stará Turá or Stara Rura is a town in the Trenčín Region in western Slovakia.

## Geography

It is located in the Myjava Hills close to the Little Carpathians as well as the White Carpathians. It is situated 11 km (6.84 mi) from Nové Mesto nad Váhom to the west, 12 km (7.46 mi) from Myjava to the east and around 99 km (61.52 mi) from Bratislava to the north and has a population of 8,832 (2018) with an area of 50,942 km$^2$ (19,668.82 sq mi).

## History

The first written record about Stará Turá was in 1392, as a village belonging to the Čachtice Castle. It was part of it until feudalism ceased to exist in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Kingdom of Hungary.
In 1467, Matthias Corvinus promoted Stará Turá to the servile town (oppidum), boosting the town's economy. In 1848, the town was nearly destroyed by fire.
It is mentioned in the popular folk song Teče Voda, Teče.
Before the establishment of independent Czechoslovakia in 1918, Stará Turá was part of Nyitra County within the Kingdom of Hungary. From 1939 to 1945, it was part of the Slovak Republic.

## Demographics

According to the 2001 census, the town had 10,291 inhabitants. 97.4% of inhabitants were Slovaks, 1.7% Czechs and 0.2% Roma. The religious make-up was 45.5% Lutherans, 27.3% Roman Catholics and 23.6% people with no religious affiliation.

## Education

Secondary Industrial School is located in the city.

## Notable people

* Viliam Vagač (1909–1970), SDB, Roman Catholic priest and religious prisoner (sentenced to 18 years in prison).

## Twin towns – sister cities

Stará Turá is twinned with:
* Kunovice, Czech Republic
# Myobatrachus

Myobatrachus is a genus of frogs found in Western Australia. It is monotypic, being represented by the single species, Myobatrachus gouldii, also known as the turtle frog. It gets its name from the resemblance to a shell-less chelonian, which is a type of turtle. It is described to have an extremely small narrow head, short limbs, and a round body. They can get up to 45 millimetres (1.8 in) long. Anatomy studies of this species say that it has an incredibly large pectoral girdle for its size. Due to its unusual morphology, the features of this creature are thought to originate with old frog lineages from the early Tertiary or late Mesozoic eras.

## Habitat

The turtle frog can be found in between Geraldton and Fitzgerald River in the Perth region, in Southwestern Australia. This area is mainly semi-arid, so the frogs have adapted to suit this region and this region only. They are not found or recorded to have been found in any other place or region. Despite only living in one region of the world, these frogs are currently of "least concern" to become endangered. Like normal frogs, the turtle frog comes out of the ground and into the open when it rains or storms.
These frogs have developed short muscular limbs to help them dig into the sand but, unlike most frogs, they dig forward, like a turtle. They feed on termites, so the adaptation of the muscular limbs and large pectoral girdle is useful when trying to penetrate a termite mound. They do not need to live near standing pools of water, as they undergo the entire metamorphosis stage within their eggs. This means that they leave their eggs fully formed, skipping the tadpole stage (an unusual life cycle shared by a few other frog genera, e.g. Eleutherodactylus, Arenophryne, and other members its genus). Their closest relatives, among the few who share most of the turtle frog's traits, are sandhill frogs and forest toadlets.

## Diet

The turtle frog's diet is composed exclusively of termites. It has adapted to this diet by constructing its home near termite mounds. This allows it to get plentiful food, with an average frog to be able to eat approximately 400 termites in a single meal.

## Mating

Mating behavior begins with the male frog calling. Calling and pairing occur primarily in the late spring. When a pair of turtle frogs select each other as mates, they retire to the base of their burrow and remain underground with their mate over the summer. The egg deposit does not occur until late summer or early autumn. Burrows may be as much as 1.3 meters (4 ft 3 in) deep. Breeding takes place within the burrow several months later. When the females lay eggs, they lay up to 50, and each can measure 7.5 millimeters (0.30 in) in diameter. The eggs undergo direct development inside the egg capsule.

## Related species

The albumins of frogs in the Arenophryne and Myobatrachus genera have unique physical traits, suggesting that they share an evolutionary ancestor. Their common ancestor may originate in the Miocene period, or the more recent Pliocene era. Myobatrachus and Arenophryne are closer in relation than Metacrinia and Pseudophryne, the frogs' recent relatives.
# The Knife (The Knife album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Pitchfork | 6.3/10 |
| PopMatters | 6/10 |
The Knife is the debut studio album by Swedish electronic music duo the Knife, released on 5 February 2001 by Rabid Records. The album's recordings started early in the summer of 1999 in a cottage on the Swedish island of Tjörn. The duo also recorded it in their flats in Gothenburg and Stockholm, and in a rehearsal studio in the Hökarängen district of Stockholm.
On 31 October 2006, Mute Records released this and the Knife's second album, Deep Cuts, in the United States, marking the first Stateside release of both titles.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Karin Dreijer and Olof Dreijer

### The Knife 10-inch

The UK release of the album was preceded, on 23 February 2004, by the release of a limited-edition 10-inch EP also titled The Knife. The track listing was as follows:
    A1. "Kino"
    A2. "Bird"
    B1. "N.Y. Hotel"
    B2. "High School Poem"

## Personnel

Credits adapted from the liner notes of The Knife.
* The Knife – recording, production, mixing, accordion, alto saxophone, electric guitar, acoustic guitar, bass guitar, organ, synthesisers, drum machine, sampling, drum programming, vocals, cover design
* Henrik Jonsson – mastering
* Albin Lindblad – handclapping

## Release history

Release history for The Knife :
| Region | Date | Label |
| Sweden | 5 February 2001 | Rabid |
| United Kingdom | 8 March 2004 | Rabid |
| United Kingdom | 28 August 2006 | Brille |
| United States | 31 October 2006 | Mute |
| Germany | 19 January 2007 | V2 |
# Wang Xijue

Wang Xijue (Chinese: 王錫爵, 1534–1614) was a Ming dynasty court official in China. In a 1593 report to the emperor, he wrote: "The venerable elders of my home district explain that the reason grain is cheap despite poor harvests in recent years is due entirely to the scarcity of silver coin. The national government requires silver for taxes but disburses little silver in its expenditures. As the price of grain falls, tillers of the soil receive lower returns on their labors, and thus less land is put into cultivation."