OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Crossing (physics)

In quantum field theory, a branch of theoretical physics, crossing is the property of scattering amplitudes that allows antiparticles to be interpreted as particles going backwards in time.
Crossing states that the same formula that determines the S-matrix elements and scattering amplitudes for particle $\mathrm {A}$ to scatter with $\mathrm {X}$ and produce particle $\mathrm {B}$ and $\mathrm {Y}$ will also give the scattering amplitude for $\mathrm {A} +{\bar {\mathrm {B} }}+\mathrm {X}$ to go into $\mathrm {Y}$, or for ${\bar {\mathrm {B} }}$ to scatter with $\mathrm {X}$ to produce $\mathrm {Y} +{\bar {\mathrm {A} }}$. The only difference is that the value of the energy is negative for the antiparticle.
The formal way to state this property is that the antiparticle scattering amplitudes are the analytic continuation of particle scattering amplitudes to negative energies. The interpretation of this statement is that the antiparticle is in every way a particle going backwards in time.

## History

Murray Gell-Mann and Marvin Leonard Goldberger introduced crossing symmetry in 1954. Crossing had already been implicit in the work of Richard Feynman, but came to its own in the 1950s and 1960s as part of the analytic S-matrix program.

## Overview

Consider an amplitude ${\mathcal {M}}(\phi (p)+...\ \rightarrow ...)$. We concentrate our attention on one of the incoming particles with momentum p. The quantum field $\phi (p)$, corresponding to the particle is allowed to be either bosonic or fermionic. Crossing symmetry states that we can relate the amplitude of this process to the amplitude of a similar process with an outgoing antiparticle ${\bar {\phi }}(-p)$ replacing the incoming particle $\phi (p)$: ${\mathcal {M}}(\phi (p)+...\rightarrow ...)={\mathcal {M}}(...\rightarrow ...+{\bar {\phi }}(-p))$.
In the bosonic case, the idea behind crossing symmetry can be understood intuitively using Feynman diagrams. Consider any process involving an incoming particle with momentum p. For the particle to give a measurable contribution to the amplitude, it has to interact with a number of different particles with momenta $q_{1},q_{2},...,q_{n}$ via a vertex. Conservation of momentum implies $\sum _{k=1}^{n}q_{k}=p$. In case of an outgoing particle, conservation of momentum reads as $\sum _{k=1}^{n}q_{k}=-p$. Thus, replacing an incoming boson with an outgoing antiboson with opposite momentum yields the same S-matrix element.
In fermionic case, one can apply the same argument but now the relative phase convention for the external spinors must be taken into account.

## Example

For example, the annihilation of an electron with a positron into two photons is related to an elastic scattering of an electron with a photon (Compton scattering) by crossing symmetry. This relation allows to calculate the scattering amplitude of one process from the amplitude for the other process if negative values of energy of some particles are substituted.
# Evans High School (Louisiana)

Evans High School is a senior high school (grades PK–12) in the community of Evans, Louisiana. It is a part of the Vernon Parish School Board. It is the only school located in District 3, which covers a broad swath of southwest Vernon Parish

## History

Though now the only school in southwest Vernon Parish, in the late 19th century there were three schools in the area, Sandspur School (named for the sharp burrs of the southern sandspur grasses which would poke barefoot students as they walked to class), Red Banks School (named for its location near Red Banks Creek), and the Lone Oak and Jane School (whose name origin is unknown). The three disparate schools were consolidated into one, named the Echo School, and a two-room schoolhouse was built on land donated by Charles Simmons, W.N. Loftin, and S.S. Smith.
In 1921, R.D. "Bob" Evans, a descendant of the Ohio pioneers of the area, gave land to the Vernon Parish School board to build the modern-day Evans High School at its location at the intersection of Highway 111 and Yvonne Bonner Road.
The few Black students in District 3 had to attend Vernon Parish Training School, later known as Vernon High School, in Leesville. Students there used second-hand textbooks, some with torn pages and missing chapters, and musical instruments from the all-white Leesville High School. Vernon High School was closed in 1969 with the advent of school integration in Louisiana and Black students of District 3 began attending school in Evans.
In August 2023, Evans High School was briefly closed because of encroaching wildfires from the 2023 Louisiana wildfires.

## Academics

At Evans High School, 32% of students scored at or above the proficient level for math, and 47% scored at or above that level for reading.

### Clubs and organizations

* 4-H
* Beta Club
* FBLA-PBL
* FFA

## Demographics

The school’s minority student enrollment is 7%. The student-teacher ratio is 16:1, which is better than that of the district. The student population is made up of 55% female students and 45% male students. The school enrolls 67% economically disadvantaged students.

## Athletics

The Evans High School Eagles compete in District 3-C of the Louisiana High School Athletics Association

### Sports

* Baseball
* Boys Basketball
* Girls Basketball
* Cheerleading
* Cross Country
* Softball
* Boys Track and Field
* Girls Track and Field
# Michael Kasaija

Michael Kasajja is a Ugandan actor, model, choreographer and dancer. He debuted as a lead actor in the 2015 film Bala Bala Sese alongside his erstwhile girlfriend Natasha Sinayobye.

## Early life and education

Kasajja was raised in Kampala Uganda and went to school at Busoga College Mwiri and at Caltec Academy. At Makerere University, he juggled a business administration degree with choreography for inter-hall competitions and variety shows.

## Career

Steve Jean continuously hired Kasajja after school to be his king dancer, an exposure that landed him to Pamela Basasirwaki, whom he started dating. As a member of The Obsessions Dance Group, Pamela introduced him to the group and he was taken on instantly. Then along came another dancer with the group, Natasha Sinayobye that saw Pamela no more in the picture but the two quit the group in 2005 starting their own dance group the KOMBAT Entertainment Ltd. Under Kombat, He achieved her major performance highlight performing at the opening ceremony for the CHOGM 52 heads of states conference in Uganda 2007. Michael recently landed himself a job as manager of the Ebonies drama group in plays Trials and Tribulations of Love, the ninth episode of the group's Romantic Night series. He was also one of the judges of NTV's Talent Xp alongside musicians, Isiah Katumwa, Jackie Chandiru and Bebe Cool.

## Personal life

Kasajja has a son named Sean Mario.
# George Cloy

George Cloy is a Scottish former professional footballer who played his entire 12-year senior career with Dumfries club Queen of the South as a utility player. Cloy also played for Kello Rovers, Threave Rovers, Dalbeattie Star and Crichton.
When later interviewed for the Queens website, Cloy listed Ted McMinn, Allan Ball, Tommy Bryce, Jimmy Robertson and Chris Balderstone as amongst the best players that he played alongside.
Cloy was later a coach at Abbey Vale.
# 2018 Red Rock Pro Open

The 2018 Red Rock Pro Open was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the tenth edition of the tournament and was part of the 2018 ITF Women's Circuit. It took place in Las Vegas, United States, on 5–11 November 2018.

## Singles main draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| SUI | Belinda Bencic | 39 | 1 |
| GBR | Heather Watson | 99 | 2 |
| HUN | Fanny Stollár | 128 | 3 |
| USA | Varvara Lepchenko | 130 | 4 |
| RUS | Sofya Zhuk | 133 | 5 |
| CZE | Marie Bouzková | 142 | 6 |
| PAR | Verónica Cepede Royg | 145 | 7 |
| USA | Nicole Gibbs | 146 | 8 |
* $^1$ Rankings as of 29 October 2018.

### Other entrants

The following players received a wildcard into the singles main draw:
* Louisa Chirico
* Kayla Day
* Maria Mateas
The following player received entry using a protected ranking:
* Elizabeth Halbauer
* Nadia Podoroska
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Hanna Chang
* Jennifer Elie
* Giuliana Olmos
* Maria Sanchez

## Champions
### Singles

* Belinda Bencic def. Nicole Gibbs, 7–5, 6–1

### Doubles

* Asia Muhammad / Maria Sanchez def. Sophie Chang / Alexandra Mueller, 6–3, 6–4
# Palaran Stadium

Palaran Stadium is a sports venue located in Samarinda, the capital city of East Kalimantan province. It is a multi-purpose stadium centering the East Kalimantan Main Stadium Sports Complex. It was opened in 2008 and has a seating capacity of 35,000. It is the largest stadium on the island of Borneo. The stadium was the main venue for the 2008 Indonesia National Games. It is the first Indonesian all-seater stadium. Since 2018, the stadium has not been utilized for any sport events.

## Sport events

* 2008 Pekan Olahraga Nasional
* 2008 National Paralympic Week
* 2008–09 Liga Indonesia Premier Division Quarter-finals and Final
* 2016 1st East Kalimantan Governor Cup
* 2018 2nd East Kalimantan Governor Cup

## Gallery

* One corner of the Palaran Main Stadium
# Daguan-class troopship

The Daguan-class troopship (as designated by NATO) is a class of auxiliary ship in People's Republic of China's People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN). They are used by the Chinese aircraft carrier programme to support sea trials, and to provide berthing, logistical support and training. The ships are classed as "comprehensive support ships" in Chinese.
The first entered service in 2011 in support of the Liaoning aircraft carrier.

## Design

According to publicly released information, the Daguan-class ships are approximately 196 meters long, with a beam of 28 meters. Capable of accommodating roughly 2,500 sailors, aircrew, technicians, and other carrier personnel, each ship has an endurance of up to 30 days. The ships are capable of a max speed of 18 knots. They have a range of 8,000 nautical miles. Each ship has a medium helicopter deck on its stern, which can accommodate one Changhe Z-8 heavy transport helicopter.
The ships are armed with two sets of Type 81 rocket launchers, which can fire anti-submarine missiles. They are armed with an additional two sets of 57 mm twin-barreled guns and two sets of 30 mm twin-barreled autocannons.
The ships are outfitted with additional accommodations for the crew, including internet cafes, coffee shops, a supermarket, a running track, a basketball court on the deck, a gym and a Sanda ring. The ships are sometimes called the "nannies" of aircraft carriers. To fulfill its training role, Xu Xiake is also equipped with simulators of various equipment onboard the Liaoning.

## Operational history

The Daguan-class ships provide support for China's growing fleet of aircraft carriers and are also used as training ships. They also provide living accommodations for the personnel of aircraft carriers when the carriers undergo maintenance, upgrades or overhauls. The first ship of the class, Xu Xiake accompanied Liaoning on sea trials. Xu Xiake provided at-sea training and R&R facilities for crew-members of the Liaoning.
On August 27, 2014, Xu Xiake sailed in a group with the corvette Datong, frigate Yancheng, and frigate Linyi to Liugong Island at the mouth of Weihai bay. The ships held a memorial ceremony to commemorate the 120th anniversary of the First Sino-Japanese War.
In 2018, the second ship of the class Li Daoyuan supported China's second aircraft carrier Shandong when it began its sea trials. In March 2023, a Daguan-class ship was berthed with China's first indigenously designed carrier Fujian in Jiangnan Shipyard. The simulators onboard the Daguan-class were likely upgraded for the more advanced CATOBAR system of Fujian.

## Ships of the class

| Name | Namesake | Pennant number | Builder | Launched | Commissioned | Fleet | Status |
| Xu Xiake (ex-Go ahead No. 1) | Xu Xiake | 88 | COMEC (CSSC Guangzhou shipyard) | — | 2011 | — | Active |
| Li Daoyuan (ex-Go ahead No. 2) | Li Daoyuan | 89 | — | — | Before / In January 2018 | — | Active |
# Curwood Castle

Curwood Castle is a small castle, now a museum, located in Owosso, Michigan, built by the author James Oliver Curwood.

## History

James Curwood was born in Owosso, Michigan on June 12, 1878. He spent much of his early life out of doors, and at a young age left to tour the South on a bicycle. He eventually returned to Michigan, attended the University of Michigan for two years, and went to work as a reporter and later editor at the Detroit Tribune. In 1907, Curwood returned to Owosso to focus on writing, and the next year published his first novel.
In 1923, Curwood built this replica of a Norman chateau along the banks of the Shiawassee River near his mother's home in Owosso. Construction on the building began in 1923 and was completed in 1924. Curwood used the Castle as his writing studio and office. Curwood lived with his family on the other side of the river on the corner of Williams and Mulberry Street (Now M-52).
Curwood later became a zealous conservationist and was appointed to the Michigan Conservation Commission in 1926. He died a year later at age 49 on August 13, 1927. In his will, Curwood bestowed the Castle to the City of Owosso. It has served in various roles over the years and is now a museum operated by the city and is open to the public from April through December on Tuesdays through Sundays from 1:00 pm to 5:00 pm. The Castle closed for the winter season each year from January 1, through February and reopens for the year sometime in March. Each year, the city of Owosso hosts the Curwood Festival the first full weekend in June. The Curwood Festival is a non-profit organization run by volunteers and one paid staff member, the volunteers created the festival to celebrate the life and works of James Oliver Curwood.
Curwood Castle is closed Mondays, and these holidays, Independence Day, Thanksgiving Day, Christmas Day, and New Year's Day, The Months of January through February.

## Description

Curwood Castle is a romantic interpretation of a Norman chateau. It has an irregular plan with spires at three corners. It has a slate-covered gable roof with chimneys, linked at the base, extending from the rear gable facade. The exterior is made of yellow stucco containing decorative, randomly spaced fieldstones Curwood chose himself. The front facade has an entrance, framed with fieldstone, between two spires, covered with a projecting shed roof.
# 1985–86 Santosh Trophy

The 1985–86 Santosh Trophy was the 42nd edition of the Santosh Trophy, the main State competition for football in India. It was held in Jabalpur, Bilaspur and Bhilai in Madhya Pradesh. Punjab defeated Bengal in tie-breaker to retain the title.
28 teams took part. Ten teams were seeded to the quarter final league. The other 18 teams were divided into six clusters from which one team each qualified to the quarter final. Two clusters each were played in Jabalpur, Bilaspur and Bhilai. The sixteen teams were divided into four groups for the quarter final.

## Quarter-final
### Group A

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| 1 | Punjab | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 1 | +11 | 6 | Advance to Semi-finals |
| 2 | Karnataka | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 3 | +1 | 3 | |
| 3 | Gujarat | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 12 | −8 | 2 | |
| 4 | Madhya Pradesh | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 7 | −4 | 1 | |

### Group B

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| 1 | Bengal | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 | +7 | 6 | Advance to Semi-finals |
| 2 | Tamil Nadu | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 3 | +2 | 4 | |
| 3 | Services | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 2 | −1 | 2 | |
| 4 | Meghalaya | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 9 | −8 | 0 | |

### Group C

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| 1 | Maharashtra | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 1 | +5 | 5 |
| 2 | Goa | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 1 | +2 | 5 |
| 3 | Bihar | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 5 | −3 | 1 |
| 4 | Assam | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 6 | −4 | 1 |
After Maharashtra and Goa finished the group with 5 points, their match was replayed to decide the semifinalist. Goa won 4–2. Group C matches were played in Bhilai. Goa had to take an 11-hour bus ride to play Punjab in the semifinal at Jabalpur two days later.

### Group D

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| 1 | Kerala | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 1 | +5 | 4 | Advance to Semi-finals |
| 2 | Andhra Pradesh | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 3 | |
| 3 | Sikkim | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | −2 | 3 | |
| 4 | Railways | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 4 | −3 | 2 | |
# Gabriel Alanís

Gabriel Gustavo Alanís (born 16 March 1994) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a left midfielder for Huracán.

## Career

After being in the youth ranks for eleven years, Alanís made his debut for Argentine Primera División side Belgrano in October 2014 against Banfield; coming on late in a 2–2 draw. In his first three seasons with the club, Alanís made sixteen appearances in all competitions. After ten further appearances in his fourth season, 2016–17, he failed to play during 2017–18. On 16 January 2018, Alanís joined Arsenal de Sarandí on loan. He scored his first career goal for Arsenal against Patronato in April 2018.
Alanís agreed to sign for Godoy Cruz on 11 June, following the relegation of Belgrano to Primera B Nacional. In 2021, he was out on loan at Sarmiento and in January 2022, he was once again sent out on loan, this time to Defensa y Justicia until the end of 2022 with a purchase option.

## Career statistics

    As of 15 June 2019.
Club statistics :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Belgrano | 2014 | Primera División | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| Belgrano | 2015 | Primera División | 6 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 |
| Belgrano | 2016 | Primera División | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 |
| Belgrano | 2016–17 | Primera División | 10 | 0 | 3 | 0 | — | — | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15 | 0 |
| Belgrano | 2017–18 | Primera División | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Belgrano | 2018–19 | Primera División | 11 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 0 |
| Belgrano | Total | Total | 36 | 0 | 5 | 0 | — | — | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 43 | 0 |
| Arsenal de Sarandí (loan) | 2017–18 | Primera División | 14 | 1 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | 14 | 1 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 50 | 1 | 5 | 0 | — | — | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 57 | 1 |
* ↑ Appearance(s) in the Copa Sudamericana
# Gaelen Foley

Gaelen Foley (born November 6, 1973) is an American author best known for writing romance novels set in the Regency era. She has also been self-publishing middle grade fantasy books under the pen name E.G. Foley since 2012. Her books have been in the USA Today bestseller list regularly since 2000 and the New York Times bestseller list since 2008. Gaelen's novels have been translated into 20+ foreign languages and have sold millions of copies worldwide.

## Biography

Gaelen Foley is the eldest of four sisters. She holds a B.A. in English literature with a minor in philosophy from the State University of New York at Fredonia. After college, Foley wrote as much as she could in her free time while working a variety of odd jobs, including: waitressing, library assistant, and medical office staff. In that time, she wrote four full-length manuscripts, honing her craft, before the fifth was picked up by one of the Big Five (publishers), Random House. In 1998 her first romance novel, The Pirate Prince, was published and since then she has penned some 35+ novels.

## Awards

* National Readers' Choice
* Booksellers' Best
* Golden Leaf
* Award of Excellence
* Laurie
* Romantic Times Reviewers' Choice Award for Best First Historical
* The Holt Medallion
# Northern Mariana Islands at the 2024 World Aquatics Championships

Northern Mariana Islands competed at the 2024 World Aquatics Championships in Doha, Qatar from 2 to 18 February.

## Swimming

Northern Mariana Islands entered 2 swimmers.

### Men

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Isaiah Aleksenko | 200 metre butterfly | 2:10.17 | 36 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Isaiah Aleksenko | 200 metre individual medley | Disqualified | Disqualified | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |

### Women

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Maria Batallones | 100 metre breaststroke | 1:19.79 | 48 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Maria Batallones | 200 metre breaststroke | 2:54.73 | 29 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
# Adewole Adebayo

Adewole Adebayo (born 8 January 1972) is a Nigerian Lawyer and Founder of KAFTAN TV.
He is currently running for President of Nigeria under the Social Democratic Party (Nigeria).

## Early life and education

Adewole was born in Ondo City, Ondo State, on January 8, 1972. Between 1978 and 1983, he attended St. Stephen Primary School in Ondo. From 1983 to 1989, he attended St. Joseph College in Ondo. From 1991 to 1997, he attended Obafemi Awolowo University, where he earned a law degree. He was admitted to the Nigerian Bar in 2000 after graduating from the Nigerian Law School in Lagos and passing his bar exams. Adebayo later attended law school in the United States of America, where he passed the New York Bar Exams. Adebayo is licensed to practice in Australia, Canada, United Kingdom, California, New York, and federal courts in the United States.

## Legal career

Adewole Adebayo began his legal career as a litigation lawyer at Tunji Abayomi and Co in Lagos, Nigeria. After two years of legal practice, he founded his own law firm, Adewole Adebayo & Co., House of Law, in 2002.
One of the cases handled by his law firm in Nigeria was the case between Femi Falana and the Federal Government, in which Femi Falana (SAN) contested the constitutionality of the contract between the Ministry of Interior, the Nigeria Immigration Service, and Continental Transfert Technique Limited for the collection of Combined Expatriate and Residence Permit Aliens Card (CERPAC) fees. Adebayo represented Continental Transfert Technique Limited in the case.
In 2016, Adewole Adebayo established KAFTAN TV.

## Philanthropy

Adebayo sponsors nearly 2,000 young Nigerians in Nigerian and foreign tertiary institutions, in addition to numerous people he has financially empowered across the country.

## Politics

Adebayo is a public affairs commentator who provides advice on national issues on occasion. and participates in Nigerian politics as a member of the Third Force.
On January 15, 2022, Adewole Adebayo declared his intention to run for the office of the Nigerian president. He is running for president of Nigeria in the 2023 Nigerian general election under the Social Democratic Party (Nigeria).
# Lenes

Lenes is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Haldis Lenes (born 1957), Norwegian rower
* Peter Lenes (born 1986), American ice hockey player