OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Boeing Pad Abort Test

The Boeing Pad Abort Test (also abbreviated to Boe-PAT) was a test of the Boeing CST-100 Starliner and its abort motors, conducted by Boeing as part of NASA's Commercial Crew Program. It was the first flight of Starliner and one of the last milestones ahead of OFT. The mission's main objective was to demonstrate that Starliner could safely pull a crew away from the pad in the event of an emergency prior to liftoff.
After a successful launch, only two of three main parachutes deployed. Despite this, NASA and Boeing deemed the test a success, as Starliner was designed to function on two parachutes if necessary.

## History

In September 2011, Boeing announced the completion of a set of ground drop tests to validate the design of the airbag cushioning system. In May 2019, all major hotfire tests, were completed using full-up flight-capable service module hardware. This cleared the way for the pad abort test and the subsequent uncrewed and crewed flights.
The pad abort test took place on 4 November 2019. The abort motors fired nominally, followed by a clean service module separation. One of the three parachutes failed to deploy, and the capsule landed with only two parachutes. The airbag cushion helped break the harder-than-expected fall, and the landing was deemed to be safe. NASA declared the test a success, and the malfunction of one parachute didn't affect the Starliner development schedule. The malfunction was found to be human error. A pin meant to connect the pilot chute to the main chute was not properly connected. Therefore the pilot chute was not able to successfully deploy the main chute. Pre-flight inspections did not catch this error due to a protective covering.
# Bombardier Regina

The Regina is a Swedish model of electric multiple unit passenger train, manufactured by Bombardier Transportation (formerly Adtranz). It is used by the national passenger railway SJ along with numerous regional and private operators, in variants designated X50, X51, X52, X53, X54 and X55 (marketed as SJ 3000), and in two-, three-, and four-carriage models. The Regina units are short trains built for local and regional service. The Regina is wider than other Swedish trains; at 3.45 m (11 ft 3+7⁄8 in), it allows five-across seating, increasing passenger capacity by 25%. The car body is built of stainless steel, with only bolsters and coupler pockets made of mild steel. The length is 54 m (177 ft 2 in), 80 m (262 ft 6 in) and 105 m (344 ft 6 in), and the capacity is 165-294 seats. A variant of the Regina is used in China as the CRH1. Unlike X 2000, Regina trainsets are corrugateless due to eliminate molybdenum content and add titanium instead.
Top speeds of various models range from 180 to 200 km/h (110 to 125 mph). As part of the Gröna tåget ("the green train") project, a modified X52 train set the Swedish rail-speed record of 303 km/h (188 mph) on 14 September 2008; the goal was to reach 250 km/h (155 mph) in regular service.

## X55, new high-speed train

In late 2007 it was announced that SJ were ordering twenty units furnished for inter-city service. These trains, designated X55 (also marketed as SJ 3000), were delivered during 2011 and 2012, and are used on the routes connecting Stockholm with destinations like Sundsvall, Karlstad or even Oslo, and Falun, allowing the displaced X 2000 units to be used instead to lengthen the busy trains running to Gothenburg and Malmö. These units are four-carriage trains with a first-class section and an on-board bistro; four-across seating. There is an option for another 20 units.

## Gallery

* An X-Tåget Regina at Gävle Central Station
* Västtrafik X50 at Nässjö C
* Västtrafik X50 interior
* X50-B in Skövde
* Tåg i Bergslagen X51 in Åre
* Norrtåg X52 (ex-Gröna tåget trainset) in Hallsberg
* SJ X52-2 at Gothenburg Central Station
* Värmlandstrafik X53 in Högboda
* SJ X55 in Örnsköldsvik
* SJ X55 interior
# Essi Sainio

Essi Katriina Sainio (born 9 September 1986) is a Finnish former professional footballer, who last played for HJK in Finland as a winger. She played for SC Freiburg of Germany's Frauen-Bundesliga, before having a few years break due personal reasons. She previously played for Turbine Potsdam, winning the German Bundesliga title in 2009, and for AIK of the Swedish Damallsvenskan. Sainio began her senior career with Naisten Liiga clubs FC Honka and HJK in her home country. Since making her debut in 2006, Sainio has won 45 caps and scored three goals for the Finland women's national football team. A winger who can also play as a full-back, she was part of the Finnish team which hosted UEFA Women's Euro 2009 and reached the quarter-finals.

## Club career

Her career began at the age of nine years at FC Kasiysi Espoo. She then moved to FC Espoo and FC Honka Espoo and arrived at HJK Helsinki in 2005.
Her transfer from the German Frauen-Bundesliga team 1. FFC Turbine Potsdam to the Swedish Damallsvenskan club AIK was announced in May 2009. At AIK Sainio made seven appearances and scored one goal before suffering an anterior cruciate ligament injury in 2010. She was allowed to move back to Germany with SC Freiburg in July 2010.

## International career

Sainio made her debut in the Finnish national team on 5 June 2006 against Belgium. A few weeks later she signed a three-year deal with the then German champion 1. FFC Turbine Potsdam. During the 2006 FIFA U-20 Women's World Championship in Russia, she suffered a fracture of her middle foot. She then suffered the same fracture in March 2007 at the Algarve Cup and again in July 2007 at the Nordic Cup.
National coach Michael Käld selected Sainio in the squad for UEFA Women's Euro 2009, which Finland were hosting. She started the 3–2 quarter-final defeat by England, but was substituted for Annica Sjölund early in the second half.
# Fritz-Georg von Rappard

Fritz-Georg von Rappard (15 August 1892 – 29 January 1946) was a Nazi German general and war criminal during World War II. He commanded the 7th Infantry Division. In 1946, he was part of a group of Wehrmacht personnel tried for war crimes in open court by the Soviet military tribunal in the city of Velikiye Luki. Along with seven other officers of various ranks, Rappard was convicted and executed.

## Awards and decorations

* Iron Cross (1914) 2nd Class (11 November 1914) & 1st Class (31 July 1916)
* Iron Cross (1939) 2nd Class (18 June 1940) & 1st Class (24 July 1940)
* German Cross in Gold on 1 June 1944 as Generalleutnant and commander of 7. Infanterie-Division
* Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
** Knight's Cross on 20 October 1944 as Generalleutnant and commander of 7. Infanterie-Division
** Oak Leaves on 24 February 1945 as Generalleutnant and commander of 7. Infanterie Division
# James Sutherland (cricket administrator)

James Alexander Sutherland (born 14 July 1965) is an Australian former first-class cricketer and cricket administrator. He played for Victoria in the Sheffield Shield and was the chief executive officer of Cricket Australia, from 2001 to 2018. He was born in East Melbourne in 1965.
A right arm fast-medium bowler, Sutherland made his first-class debut against Queensland at the St Kilda Cricket Ground, where one of his opponents, Scott Muller, was also debuting. He claimed Carl Rackemann as his maiden wicket and in the second innings dismissed Stuart Law for the first of his two-second innings victims. The following week the Victorians defeated New South Wales in the Sheffield Shield Final but the paceman had lost his place in the side to Paul Jackson and instead was relegated to 12th man.
In his three other first-class appearances he chipped in with the occasional wicket but was unable to take a big haul. He did however take some big wickets, including Justin Langer twice and against Tasmania he dismissed Ricky Ponting hit wicket. As Cricket Australia chief executive, Sutherland would later work alongside the Australian captain, as he did with Steve Waugh whom he also took the wicket of during his career, on his List A debut. He was part of Victoria's 1992/93 Mercantile Mutual Cup campaign and played in the Final which they lost to New South Wales.
Sutherland is a chartered accountant who formerly worked for Ernst & Young. Following the conclusion of Sutherland's cricket career, he became a finance manager at the Carlton Football Club and was appointed as an assistant coach of Victoria in 1998/99, having become a Level III coach. Sutherland also had a stint as coach of the Melbourne University Cricket Club, where he is a life member, having played District cricket there for many years.
Sutherland joined the Australian Cricket Board, now known as Cricket Australia, as general manager in 1998. Three years later (in 2001) he replaced Malcolm Speed to become the chief executive.
On 6 June 2018, Sutherland announced his retirement, giving Cricket Australia 12 months notice to find a suitable replacement.
In 2019, Sutherland became chairman of PlayHQ, a community sport competition platform.
In August 2020, Sutherland was appointed CEO of Golf Australia.
# Lucie Hlaváčková

Lucie Hlaváčková (born 30 September 2005) is a Czech modern pentathlete.

## Life

Hlaváčková was born on 30 September 2005 in Prague.

## Career

She started in gymnastics before transitioning to modern pentathlon. She is part of David Svoboda's training group at Dukla Prague and is trained in fencing by Jiří Adam. She became under-19 European champion in 2022, and was a silver medalist at the U24 European Championship.
She won a bronze medal in the mixed relay at the 2023 World Modern Pentathlon Championships in Bath, England.
She finished in the fourth place at the Modern Pentathlete World Cup in Ankara in April 2024. She qualified for the final of the 2024 European Modern Pentathlon Championships in July 2024.
She competed at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris, qualifying the final.
# Nelson-class ship of the line

The Nelson-class ships of the line were a class of three 120-gun first rates, designed for the Royal Navy as a joint effort between the two Surveyors of the Navy at the time, Robert Seppings and Joseph Tucker.

## Ships

* HMS Nelson
    Builder: Woolwich Dockyard
    Ordered: 23 November 1805
    Laid down: December 1809
    Launched: 4 July 1814
    Completed: 17 August 1814
    Fate: Broken up, 1928
* HMS St Vincent
    Builder: Plymouth Dockyard
    Ordered: 15 January 1806
    Laid down: May 1810
    Launched: 11 March 1815
    Completed 1829
    Fate: Sold, 1906
* HMS Howe
    Builder: Chatham Dockyard
    Ordered: 15 January 1806
    Laid down: June 1808
    Launched: 28 March 1815
    Completed: 1835
    Fate: Sold, 1854
# Apiary, Oregon

Apiary is an unincorporated community in Columbia County, Oregon, United States, that takes its name from a post office established by David M. Dorsey. The post office operated from August 28, 1889, until March 24, 1924. It is reported that Dorsey was a beekeeper, which provided the source of the name for the Post Office and thus the community.
The community was served by Apiary School District #38, which operated a two-room school providing education services for grades 1 through 8. When operational, it operated in conjunction with the Rainier Union High School District which provided education services for grades 9 through 12. (The high school district also included a number of other grade school districts in the area: Delena, Hudson, Fern Hill, Rainier, Goble, Shiloh Basin, and Neer City districts. In the 1960s, the districts were consolidated into a single district, and the rural schools were closed over the next 10 to 15 years.) The community and the school are located along the road now known as Apiary Road near the headwaters of the North Fork of the Clatskanie River. At this writing, the school building still exists but has been converted to a private home. The community also includes a pioneer cemetery but has never contained a community center such as a church, Grange hall, or even a fire station.
Currently, Apiary Road is a popular freight route for forest products moving from the Northern Oregon Coast Range (particularly areas drained by the Nehalem River) to markets in Longview, Washington. The Apiary Road interconnects the Nehalem Highway north of Pittsburg signed as Oregon Route 47 with U.S. Route 30 west of Rainier. However, the intersection with U.S. Route 30 is signed as Larson Road, because Apiary Road technically ends at Old Rainier Road, a former route of U.S. Route 30 just to the south of the present U.S. Route 30.
# Sherrill (surname)

Sherrill is a surname.

## People

Notable American people with the surname include:
* Billy Sherrill (1936–2015), American country-music producer
* Charles H. Sherrill (1814–1887), New York politician
* Charles H. Sherrill (ambassador) (1867–1936), American diplomat
* Clarence O. Sherrill (1876–1959), American military officer and city manager
* George Sherrill (born 1977), baseball relief pitcher
* Jackie Sherrill (born 1943), football coach
* John and Elizabeth Sherrill (John 1923–2017, Elizabeth 1928–2023), Christian writers
* Mary Lura Sherrill (1888–1968), American chemist
* Mikie Sherrill (Rebecca Michelle Sherrill) (born 1972), American politician
* Patrick Sherrill (1941–1986), mass murderer who perpetrated the August 20, 1986, Edmond post office shooting
* Robert Sherrill (1924–2014), investigative journalist
* Wilma M. Sherrill (born 1939)
# Castle of Tarifa

The Castle of Tarifa (Spanish: Castillo de Tarifa), also known as Castle of Guzmán el Bueno ("Good Guzmán", nickname of Alonso Pérez de Guzmán) or Castle of the Guzmáns (Alonso Pérez de Guzmán being the founder of the line from which the dukes of Medina Sidonia descend) is a castle in the coastal town of Tarifa in Spain.

## History

The castle was built in 960 by Abd-ar-Rahman III, Caliph of Córdoba. When Tarifa was taken over by the king of Castile Sancho IV in 1292, the castle was handed over to Alonso Pérez de Guzmán for its defense. Pérez de Guzmán got the nickname of "Good" (el Bueno) by refusing to hand over the castle in 1296 to the besieging forces of the Infante Don Juan, the rebellious brother of the king Sancho, and the Marinids, in exchange for the life of his son.
Recently refurbished, the castle is open to visitors. The coast and mountains of Morocco are visible from its towers.
# Sugar Shack

"Sugar Shack" is a song written in 1962 by Keith McCormack. McCormack gave songwriting credit to his aunt, Beulah Faye Voss, after asking what are "those tight pants that girls wear" to which she replied "leotards". The song was recorded in 1963 by Jimmy Gilmer and the Fireballs at Norman Petty Studios in Clovis, New Mexico. The unusual and distinctive instrument part was played by Norman Petty on a Hammond Solovox keyboard; to be precise it is a Model L, Series A.
"Sugar Shack" hit No. 1 on both the Billboard Hot 100 (where it spent five weeks from October 12 to November 9, 1963) and Cashbox singles charts (where it spent three weeks from October 19 to November 2, 1963). Its No. 1 run on the Billboard R&B chart was cut short because Billboard did not publish an R&B chart from November 30, 1963 to January 23, 1965. In Canada the song was No. 1, also for six weeks, from October 14 to November 18. In the UK, "Sugar Shack" also reached No. 45 on the Record Retailer chart. Gilmer and The Fireballs were the last American band to chart before Beatlemania hit.
On November 29, 1963, "Sugar Shack" received an RIAA certification for selling over a million copies, earning gold record status. The song was listed at No. 40 on the Hot 100 year-end chart published by Billboard in December 1963. A later revision by Billboard of its year-end rankings for 1963 placed "Sugar Shack" at No. 1, and the magazine has subsequently recognized "Sugar Shack" as the top Hot 100 song of that year. In 2018, the song was listed at number 194 on the "All Time" Billboard Hot 100 60th Anniversary list.
The song is featured in the films Mermaids, Dogfight, Forrest Gump, Congo, and Stealing Sinatra, and in the television show Supernatural.
In December 1965, the song was covered by Steve Brett, a singer from the Midlands area of the UK, and was released as the B-side of his single "Chains On My Heart", on the Columbia label (catalogue number DB7794). His backing group, The Mavericks, included Noddy Holder, who eventually came to fame with Slade.

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United States (RIAA) | Gold | 1,000,000$^^$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||
# Christoph Gutknecht

Christoph Gutknecht (born 24 March 1939) is a German linguist, author, and a voice actor. He was a professor of English studies from 1972 to 2001 at the University of Hamburg.

## Academic career

Gutknecht studied German studies, English studies, philosophy, and education at the University of Hamburg, Germany. He received a PhD for his linguistic thesis Die mittelhochdeutsche Versnovelle 'Von zwein koufmannen' des Ruprecht von Würzburg about the work in Middle High German by Ruprecht of Würzburg in 1966.
From 1972 until 2001, Gutknecht was a professor for English studies at the University of Hamburg. He has been specialising in the fields of applied linguistics, Yiddish, and translatology. Gutknecht is a regular contributor to the Jüdische Allgemeine [de], Germany's largest weekly newspaper of the Jewish community founded in 1946, with almost one hundred articles on the Yiddish language (2019).

## Voice actor

Gutknecht has been working as a voice actor since the 1980s by taking part in various audiobooks, audio plays and dubbing of movies. He also spoke the role of "Loghain Mac Tir" in Dragon Age: Origins in 2009.

## Publications (selection)

* Christoph Gutknecht: Vorbei an Ächtung und Zensur. Zur Rolle literarischer Anspielungen in erotischem Schrifttum. Geheimsprachen Verlag 2020, ISBN 978-3-947218-10-3.
* Christoph Gutknecht: Gauner, Großkotz, kesse Lola: Deutsch-jiddische Wortgeschichten. be.bra 2016, ISBN 978-3861246961.
* Christoph Gutknecht: Ich mach’s dir mexikanisch. Lauter erotische Wortgeschichten. C. H. Beck 2004, ISBN 978-3406510991.
* Christoph Gutknecht: Lauter blühender Unsinn. Erstaunliche Geschichten von Aberwitz bis Wischiwaschi. C. H. Beck 2002, ISBN 978-3406475573.
* Christoph Gutknecht: Lauter spitze Zungen. Geflügelte Worte und ihre Geschichte. C. H. Beck 1996, ISBN 978-3406459658.
* Christoph Gutknecht, Lutz J. Rölle: Translating by factors. State University of New York Press 1996, ISBN 9780791429570.
* Christoph Gutknecht: Lauter böhmische Dörfer. Wie die Wörter zu ihrer Bedeutung kamen. C. H. Beck 1995, ISBN 978-3406459894.
* Christoph Gutknecht: Contributions to applied linguistics. Lang 1975, ISBN 9783261017901.
* William J. Barry, Christoph Gutknecht: Practical Englisch phonetics. A programmed course in English pronunciation. Buske 1971, ISBN 9783871180668.
# A. R. Colquhoun

Archibald Ross Colquhoun (/kəˈhuːn/ kə-HOON; March 1848 – 18 December 1914) was a British explorer and the first Administrator of Southern Rhodesia. He held office from October 1890 until September 1892, the period of the founding of Fort Salisbury (now Harare) after the arrival of the Pioneer Column. At this time the administrator's jurisdiction covered Mashonaland only, as Matabeleland was annexed in 1893. He was also acting Chief Magistrate of Southern Rhodesia between 24 July 1891 and 18 September 1891.

## Career

Colquhoun was born at sea off the coast of South Africa in March 1848, and spent much of his life travelling. In the 1880s he took part in several exploratory expeditions to Burma, Indo-China and southern China, for which he was awarded the 1884 Founder's Medal of the Royal Geographical Society.
He left for South Africa in 1889. After his term of office as Administrator in Southern Rhodesia he settled in the United Kingdom, but continued to travel. From 1900 to 1901, he and his new wife Ethel travelled in the Pacific —the Dutch East Indies, Borneo, Philippines, Japan – returning to England via Siberia. From 1902 to 1903, he travelled in the West Indies, Central America and the United States. During 1904 and 1905, he returned temporarily to Rhodesia.
In 1913, Colquhoun inspected the Panama Canal construction work and carried out one last mission for the Royal Colonial Institute in South America before his death in London on 18 December 1914.

## Family

Colquhoun married at St. Paul's church, Stafford, on 8 March 1900 to Ethel Maud Cookson (1874–1950), eldest daughter of Samuel Cookson, of Forebridge, Stafford. After his death, his widow remarried John Tawse Jollie and settled in Southern Rhodesia, where she became the first female parliamentarian in the British overseas empire.
# Massu, Põhja-Pärnumaa Parish

Massu is a village in Põhja-Pärnumaa Parish, Pärnu County in western-central Estonia.
# Elisabeth Becker

Elisabeth Becker (20 July 1923 – 4 July 1946) was a Nazi concentration camp overseer in World War II. She was convicted at the Stutthof trials of crimes against humanity and executed.

## Life

Becker was born in Neuteich, Danzig (today Nowy Staw, Poland), to a German family. In 1936, aged 13, she joined the League of German Girls. In 1938, she became a tramway conductor in Danzig. In 1940, she began working for the Dokendorf firm in Neuteich, where she was employed until 1941, when she became an agriculture assistant in Danzig.

## Camps

In 1944, the SS needed more guards at the nearby Stutthof concentration camp, and Becker was called up for service. She arrived at Stutthof on 5 September 1944 to begin training as an SS Aufseherin, or overseer. She later worked in the Stutthof SK-III women's camp, personally selecting (Selektion) women and children for the gas chamber.

## Post-war

After working in the camp for four months, Becker fled on 15 January 1945 and returned home to Neuteich. Three months later, on 13 April, Polish police arrested her and placed her in prison to await trial.
The first Stutthof Trial began in Danzig on 31 May 1946, with five former SS women and several kapos as defendants. Becker, along with ten other defendants, was found guilty and sentenced to death. She had confessed to selecting at least 30 female prisoners to be gassed, but later retracted her confession.
Becker sent several letters to Polish president Bolesław Bierut requesting that her sentence be commuted. The court had recommended that Becker's sentence be commuted to 15 years on the grounds that her actions had not been as severe as those of co-defendants Gerda Steinhoff or Jenny-Wanda Barkmann. Becker had been at the camp for the shortest amount of time. No pardon was issued, and she was publicly hanged on 4 July 1946 at Biskupia Górka along with the ten other condemned SS supervisors and kapos.

## In popular culture

* In the play Maidens, written and directed by Kenley Smith, Becker is portrayed by Megan Dianne DeWald.