OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Albrycht Zaborowski

Albrecht Zaborowski (also rendered Saborowski; anglicized as Albert Zabriskie; 1638–1711) of Grudziądz, was a Polish emigrant, one of the pioneers of European colonization in what is now New Jersey, who settled there on August 31, 1662.

## Early life and emigration

Saborowski, a Polish Lutheran nobleman, was born in 1638, in the Grudziądz in the Kingdom of Poland. After the Thirty Years' War upheavals in Europe, he decided to emigrate to America, to escape being drafted into army, as one of the pioneers of European colonization within the area of present-day New Jersey. In 1662 "Albert Saboriski, from Enghestburgh Prussia" arrived on board the Dutch ship De Vos (The Fox) to New Amsterdam (present-day New York City).

## Later life and death

Due to his good knowledge of Native American languages, mostly Lenape languages, he became a translator and mediator in negotiations between the colonists and Native American tribes, specifically the Lenape. He came into possession of a large estate within the Province of New Jersey and built a family residence in Hackensack (11,007 acres of land).

## Family

His marriage to Machtelt Vanderlinde on January 8, 1677 (banns on December 17, 1676) produced five children.
* Jacob Albert Zabriskie (1679–1758)
* Jan Zabriskie (1682–1766)
* Joost Zabriskie (1692–1756)
* Christian Zabriskie (1694–1774)
* Hendrikus Zabriskie (1696–?)
Jacob, the oldest son who was born in 1679 in present day Bayonne, married Antje Terhune. They had 10 kids: Hendricktje, Fytje (Sophia), Marritje, Albert, Jan, Jannetje, Rachel, Machtelt, Stephen and Jacob. Jan, Joost, Christian and Hendrick, and possibly a daughter, named Matilda, who married Sylvester Earle.
Albert died in 1711 and was buried in Hackensack (now Tenafly, New Jersey).
He originated America's Zabriskie family, described as one of "the oldest Polish families in America" which produced several eminent descendants, such as Peter Zabriskie son of Jan Zabriskie, Albrecht's second son. Peter Zabriskie (1721-1791) opened his home to General George Washington as the Revolutionary Army retreated across the Hudson River from the battle of New York City. Peter Zabriskie served as a Colonel in the Revolutionary Army and was captured by the British Army. Legend has it that he said to the British upon hearing one of them exclaim, "Long live King George," "Yes, indeed! Long Live King George Washington!" Peter escaped his captors and lived on to be a Judge for Bergen County, New Jersey and moreover one of three Ratifying Signers of the United States Constitution representing Bergen County, New Jersey.
# Sheep on the Road

54°35′47″N 5°55′07″W﻿ / ﻿54.5963°N 5.9187°W﻿ / 54.5963; -5.9187
Sheep on the Road is an outdoor sculpture located in Belfast, Northern Ireland. It is a life-size bronzes of six sheep and a shepherd, sculpted in 1991 by acclaimed Northern Irish sculptor, Deborah Brown.
The sculpture was first commissioned by the Arts Council of Northern Ireland for their sculpture garden at Riddell Hall, Belfast. In 1999, it was purchased by Laganside Corporation and moved to the entrance of Waterfront Hall.
# Changsha IFS Tower

28°11′43.51″N 112°58′24.31″E﻿ / ﻿28.1954194°N 112.9734194°E﻿ / 28.1954194; 112.9734194
Changsha IFS Tower is a pair of skyscrapers in Changsha, Hunan, China, with Tower 1 rising 452 meters and Tower 2 rising 315 meters. Construction started in 2013 and completed in 2017. It is the 20th tallest building in the world and the tallest in Hunan. IFS stands for "International Finance Square".
This twin-tower development is based on Harbour City, a hyper-connected retail development in Hong Kong. The Changsha complex sports an underground network of linkages to an interchange hub (Wuyi Square Station) for Changsha metro lines 1 and 2. The same underground passageway connects with one of the busiest pedestrian streets in China — Huangxing Road Pedestrian Shopping Street.
The rectangular form of the glass-clad towers is interrupted by a series of metal fins that add a hint of complexity to their appearance and reduce glare for the interior office spaces. Tower 1 features a crown that incrementally sets back by several meters at three points. Like many towers that break the 400-meter barrier, reduced floor plate sizes at the top are best suited for hotel uses—with guest willing to pay a premium for accommodations at such heights.
At the base, a block-sized podium contains a mega mall of 230,000 square meters. Changsha IFS Tower 1 also has 700 meters of retail street frontage, greater than that of its likeness, Harbour City. The retail mall, among the largest in Changsha and Central China, offers amenities spanning entertainment, lifestyle, culture, and dining.
# Kamil Kuzera

Kamil Kuzera (born 11 March 1983) is a Polish professional football manager and former player who played as a defender. He was most recently in charge of Ekstraklasa club Korona Kielce.

## Managerial statistics

    As of match played 28 July 2024
| Team | From | To | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record |
| Team | From | To | G | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Win % |
| Korona Kielce (caretaker) | 12 March 2021 | 16 April 2021 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | +3 | 075.00 |
| Korona Kielce (caretaker) | 29 November 2021 | 17 December 2021 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 2 | +1 | 050.00 |
| Korona Kielce | 29 October 2022 | 31 July 2024 | 57 | 19 | 18 | 20 | 71 | 76 | −5 | 033.33 |
| Total | Total | Total | 63 | 23 | 19 | 21 | 77 | 78 | −1 | 036.51 |

## Honours
### Player

Wisła Kraków
* Ekstraklasa: 2002–03, 2004–05
* Polish Cup: 2001–02, 2002–03
* Polish League Cup: 2000–01
Korona Kielce
* III liga, gr. IV: 2003–04
Widzew Łódź
* II liga: 2005–06
# Württemberg-Baden

Württemberg-Baden was a state of the Federal Republic of Germany. It was created in 1945 by the United States occupation forces, after the previous states of Baden and Württemberg had been split up between the US and French occupation zones. Its capital was Stuttgart. In 1952, Württemberg-Baden merged with Württemberg-Hohenzollern and Baden into the present state of Baden-Württemberg.

## History

Württemberg-Baden consisted of the northern halves of the former states of Württemberg and Baden. The southern border of this part of the US-administered zone was set so that the autobahn connecting Karlsruhe and Munich (today the A8) was completely contained within the American zone. The three major subdivisions of the American zone (Greater Hesse, Bavaria and Württemberg-Baden) were declared on 19 September 1945.
On 24 November 1946, a new constitution was enacted and Württemberg-Baden's first parliament was elected. On 23 May 1949, the state became a founding member of the Federal Republic of Germany.
A straw poll was held on 24 September 1950 in Württemberg-Baden, Württemberg-Hohenzollern and Baden regarding a merger of the three states, followed by a public referendum on 16 December 1951. On both occasions, voters in Württemberg-Baden returned a clear majority in favour of a merger. All three states were merged and the modern German state of Baden-Württemberg was founded on 25 April 1952.

## Politics

The only minister-president of Württemberg-Baden was Reinhold Maier (DVP, then FDP; 1946–1952). Maier went on to become the first minister-president of Baden-Württemberg upon its formation in 1952.
Württemberg-Baden was subdivided into two administrative districts, known as Landesbezirke. The boundaries for these two districts were taken from two former state sections that comprised Württemberg-Baden. These two districts remain largely unchanged today as the Regierungsbezirke of Stuttgart (Württemberg) and Karlsruhe (Baden) within Baden-Württemberg.

## Flag and coat of arms

The flag of Württemberg-Baden, adopted in 1947, was the black-red-gold tricolour flag of Germany which was later also adopted again by the new German states founded in 1949, the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic.
The coat of arms merges elements from the two predecessor states: the red stripe on a golden field of the coat of arms of Baden and the three deer antlers of the coat of arms of Württemberg.
# 15th Writers Guild of America Awards

The 15th Writers Guild of America Awards honored the best film writers and television writers of 1962. Winners were announced in 1963.

## Winners and nominees
### Film

Winners are listed first highlighted in boldface.
| Best Written Musical The Music Man, Screenplay by Marion Hargrove; Based on the musical by Meredith Willson Billy Rose's Jumbo, Screenplay by Sidney Sheldon; Based on the musical by Ben Hecht and Charles MacArthur Gypsy, Screenplay by Leonard Spigelgass; Based on the memoir of Gypsy Rose Lee Hey, Let's Twist, Written by Hal Hackady State Fair, Screenplay by Richard L. Breen; Based on the novel by Philip Stong | Best Written American Drama To Kill a Mockingbird, Screenplay by Horton Foote; Based on the novel by Harper Lee Billy Budd, Screenplay by Peter Ustinov and DeWitt Bodeen; Based on the novel by Herman Melville, and the play by Louis O. Coxe and Robert H. Chapman Birdman of Alcatraz, Screenplay by Guy Trosper; Based on the book by Thomas E. Gaddis Freud, Screenplay by Charles Kaufman and Wolfgang Reinhardt; Story by Charles Kaufman The Miracle Worker, Screenplay by William Gibson; Based on his play |
| Best Written American Comedy That Touch of Mink, Written by Nate Monaster and Stanley Shapiro Mr. Hobbs Takes a Vacation, Screenplay by Nunnally Johnson; Based on the novel "Mr. Hobbs' Vacation" by Edward Streeter The Notorious Landlady, Screenplay by Blake Edwards and Larry Gelbart; Based on the story "The Notorious Tenant" by Margery Sharp Period of Adjustment, Screenplay by Isobel Lennart; Based on the play by Tennessee Williams The Pigeon That Took Rome, Screenplay by Melville Shavelson; Based on the novel by Donald Downes | |

### Television

| Episodic Drama "Today the Man Who Kills Ants Is Coming" – Naked City (ABC) – Kenneth M. Rosen and Howard Rodman "I Remember a Lemon Tree" – Ben Casey (ABC) - Jack Laird and Marcus Demian "The Multiplicity of Herbert Konish" – Naked City (ABC) – Ernest Kinoy "Goodnight Sweet Blues" – Route 66 (CBS) – Will Lorin and Leonard Freeman "The Benefactor" – The Defenders (CBS) – Peter Stone | Anthology, Any Length "Price of Tomatoes" – The Dick Powell Theatre (NBC) – Richard Alan Simmons "The Jail" – Alcoa Premiere (ABC) – Ray Bradbury and Tad Mosel "People Need People" – Alcoa Premier (ABC) – Henry F. Greenberg "Death in a Village" – The Dick Powell Theatre (NBC) – Christopher Knopf and Aaron Spelling "The Remarkable Mrs. Hawk" – Thriller (NBC) – Donald S. Sanford Westinghouse Presents: That's Where the Town Is Going (CBS) – Tad Mosel |
| Comedy/Variety, Any Length "I Won't Go" – Car 54, Where Are You? (NBC) – Nat Hiken and Gary Belkin "Birds and Bees" – My Three Sons (ABC) – George Tibbles "Where Did I Come From?" – The Dick Van Dyke Show (CBS) – Carl Reiner |

### Special awards

Laurel Award for Screenwriting Achievement :
* Joseph L. Mankiewicz |
* Valentine Davies Award |
* Allen Rivkin |
# 1964 Spanish Guinean provincial election

Provincial elections were held in Spanish Guinea in May 1964 to elect the Provincial Councils of the provinces of Fernando Pó and Río Muni.

## Background

Spanish Guinea had been granted autonomy from 1 January 1964 by the Spanish government. A Government Council and General Assembly were created, whilst the two Provincial Assemblies remained.

## Results

The National Unity Movement of Equatorial Guinea (MUNGE) emerged as the largest party, and its leader Bonifacio Ondó Edú was appointed President of the Government Council.
# Anastasia Rygalina

Anastasia Alekseyevna Rygalina (Russian: Анастасия Алексеевна Рыгалина; born 31 January 1996) is a Russian cross-country skier. She competed in the Women's 10 kilometre classical, and Women's 15 kilometre skiathlon, at the 2022 Winter Olympics.
She competed in the 2021–22 FIS Cross-Country World Cup.

## Cross-country skiing results

All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).

### Olympic Games

| Year | Age | 10 km  individual | 15 km  skiathlon | 30 km  mass start | Sprint | 4 × 5 km  relay | Team  sprint |
| 2022 | 26 | — | 8 | 17 | — | — | — |

### World Cup
#### Season standings

| Season | Age | Discipline standings | Discipline standings | Discipline standings | Ski Tour standings |
| Season | Age | Overall | Distance | Sprint | Tour de Ski |
| 2022 | 26 | 48 | 30 | NC | 25 |
# 1965 Libyan general election

Early general elections were held in Libya on 8 May 1965 to elect members of the House of Representatives, the lower house of Parliament, following the dissolution of parliament by King Idris after the 1964 elections. As political parties were banned, all candidates ran as independents. In order to ensure the victory of pro-government candidates, ballot boxes were tampered with by police.
# NEXTSat-2

NEXTSat-2 (Korean: 차세대소형위성 2호) is a small satellite developed by the KAIST Satellite Technology Research Center in South Korea, and was launched on May 25, 2023 aboard Nuri. Its main mission is ground detection and measurement of cosmic radiation near the Earth.

## Launch

NEXTSat-2 was launched on May 25, 2023 at 6:24 p.m. on board Nuri. After successfully settling into the target orbit, it succeeded in two-way communication with the ground station of the KAIST Satellite Technology Research Center.
At 7:07 p.m., the first satellite signal was received at the King Sejong Station in Antarctica, and at 7:58 p.m., initial communication was made through the Daejeon ground station. In the early morning of the 26th, seven additional communications were made through Daejeon and overseas ground stations. These communications included receiving the satellite's remote metering information and checking whether the satellite's attitude was in a normal sun-oriented state. Through the communications, it was confirmed that the command data processing system function and the communication system's transmission and reception functions were normal.
It will orbit the Earth in a sun-synchronous orbit for two years, orbiting the Earth approximately 15 times a day, performing key missions including ground detection and measurements of cosmic radiation near the Earth.

## Missions
### Cosmic radiation measurement

On its upper surface, it is equipped with the 'LEO-DOS' (Korean: 레오도스), a near-Earth cosmic radiation measurement equipment developed by the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI). Its main specifications are weight 1.7 kg, length 19 cm, width 8.5 cm, and height 14.4 cm.
LEO-DOS is equipped with a device to measure charged particles and neutrons. Its main mission is to measure the energy distribution and temporal changes of neutrons and charged particles around the Earth. It has the function of precisely measuring how seriously astronauts are affected by cosmic radiation when they are active outside the space station and providing data that can reveal the effects of neutrons on the human body. It is also expected to explore the changes in cosmic radiation according to the solar activity cycle and the effects on the space environment around the Earth.

### Test observation

NEXTSat-1 conducted initial operations for three months after launch, including functional checks, system stabilization, and test observations of the satellite body, payload, and ground station. In addition, it transmitted photos and videos of Mt. Baekdu, Arctic Ocean and other locations to Earth using the small X-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) onboard observation equipment.
# Fan Duoyao

Fan Duoyao (Chinese: 范铎耀; pinyin: Fàn Duóyào; born 25 April 1997) is a Chinese luger who competes internationally.
He represented his country at the 2022 Winter Olympics.
# Jim Wood (American football)

Jim Wood (born July 27, 1936) is an American former gridiron football player and coach. He played college football at the end position at Oklahoma State University from 1956 to 1958. He was selected by the American Football Coaches Association as a first-team end on its 1958 College Football All-America Team, and as a third-team player by the Associated Press. At the end of the 1958 season, an experiment was conducted in which data from 145 football coaches was input into a Univac computer to determine who was the best college football player in the country. The computer ranked Wood as the nation's second best player behind George Deiderich of Vanderbilt. Wood capped his collegiate career by leading Oklahoma State to a 15–6 victory over Florida State in the 1958 Bluegrass Bowl.
Wood later coached at the collegiate and professional levels, including a five-year stint as the head coach at New Mexico State University in Las Cruces, New Mexico from 1968 to 1972. He was the head coach for the Calgary Stampeders of the Canadian Football League (CFL) from 1973 to 1975.

## Head coaching record
### College

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing |
| New Mexico State Aggies (NCAA University Division independent) (1968–1970) ||||||
| 1968 | New Mexico State | 5–5 | | |
| 1969 | New Mexico State | 5–5 | | |
| 1970 | New Mexico State | 4–6 | | |
| New Mexico State Aggies (Missouri Valley Conference) (1971–1972) ||||||
| 1971 | New Mexico State | 5–5–1 | 0–0 | NA |
| 1972 | New Mexico State | 2–9 | 1–4 | 7th |
| New Mexico State: | New Mexico State: | 21–30–1 | 1–4 | |
| Total: | Total: | 21–30–1 | | |
# Furan-2-ylmethanethiol

Furan-2-ylmethanethiol (2-furanmethanethiol) is an organic compound containing a furan substituted with a sulfanylmethyl group. It is a clear colourless liquid when pure, but it becomes yellow coloured upon prolonged standing. It possesses a strong odour of roasted coffee and a bitter taste. It is a key component of the aroma of roasted coffee. It has been identified as a trigger molecule for parosmia following COVID-19 infection.

## Synthesis

Furan-2-ylmethanethiol is easily prepared by reacting furfuryl alcohol with thiourea in hydrochloric acid via an intermediate isothiouronium salt which is hydrolized to the thiol by heating with sodium hydroxide.
    Synthesis of furfuryl mercaptane (Furan-2-ylmethanethiol)
# 2012–13 Sultan Qaboos Cup

The 2012–13 Sultan Qaboos Cup was the 40th edition of the Sultan Qaboos Cup (Arabic: كأس السلطان قابوس), the premier knockout tournament for football teams in Oman.
The competition began on 30 November 2012 with the Round of 32 and concluded on 26 May 2013. Dhofar S.C.S.C. were the defending champions, having won their eighth title in 2011. Al-Suwaiq Club were crowned the champions of the 2012 Sultan Qaboos Cup when they defeated Al-Nahda Club 2-0, winning the title for the third time.

## Teams

This year the tournament had 32 teams. The winners qualified for the 2014 AFC Cup.
* Ahli Sidab Club (Sidab)
* Al-Bashaer Club
* Al-Ittihad Club (Salalah)
* Al-Khaboora SC (Al-Khaboora)
* Al-Musannah SC (Al-Musannah)
* Al-Mudhaibi SC (Mudhaibi)
* Al-Nahda Club (Al-Buraimi)
* Al-Nasr S.C.S.C. (Salalah)
* Al-Oruba SC (Sur)
* Al-Rustaq SC (Rustaq)
* Al-Salam SC (Sohar)
* Al-Seeb Club (Seeb)
* Al-Shabab Club (Seeb)
* Al-Suwaiq Club (Suwaiq
* Al-Tali'aa SC (Sur)
* Al-Wahda SC (Sur)
* Bahla Club (Bahla)
* Bidia SC (Bidiya)
* Bowsher Club (Bawshar)
* Dhofar S.C.S.C. (Salalah)
* Fanja SC (Fanja)
* Majees SC (Majees)
* Mirbat SC (Mirbat)
* Muscat Club (Muscat)
* Nizwa Club (Nizwa)
* Oman Club (Muscat)
* Saham SC (Saham)
* Salalah SC (Salalah)
* Samail SC (Samail)
* Sohar SC (Sohar)
* Sur SC (Sur)
* Yanqul SC (Yanqul)

## Round of 32

32 teams played a knockout tie. 16 ties were played over one leg. The first match played was between Fanja SC and Al-Nahda Club on 30 November 2012. 16 teams advanced to the Round of 16.

## Round of 16

16 teams played a knockout tie. 8 ties were played over one leg. The first match was played between Al-Salam SC and Bowsher Club on 24 December 2012. 8 teams advanced to the Quarterfinals.

## Quarterfinals

8 teams played a knockout tie. 4 ties were played over one leg. The first match was played between Al-Oruba SC and Al-Tali'aa SC on 25 February 2013. Al-Oruba SC, Al-Nahda Club, Dhofar S.C.S.C. and Al-Suwaiq Club qualified for the Semifinals.

## Semifinals

4 teams played a knockout tie. 2 ties were played over two legs. The first match was played between Al-Suwaiq Club and Al-Oruba SC on 16 April 2013. Al-Suwaiq Club and Al-Nahda Club qualified for the Finals.
# Breakthrough therapy

Breakthrough therapy is a United States Food and Drug Administration designation that expedites drug development that was created by Congress under Section 902 of the 9 July 2012 Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act. The FDA's "breakthrough therapy" designation is not intended to imply that a drug is actually a "breakthrough" or that there is high-quality evidence of treatment efficacy for a particular condition; rather, it allows the FDA to grant priority review to drug candidates if preliminary clinical trials indicate that the therapy may offer substantial treatment advantages over existing options for patients with serious or life-threatening diseases. The FDA has other mechanisms for expediting the review and approval process for promising drugs, including fast track designation, accelerated approval, and priority review.

## Requirements

A breakthrough therapy designation can be assigned to a drug if "it is a drug which is intended alone or in combination with one or more other drugs to treat a serious or life threatening disease or condition" and if the preliminary clinical evidence indicates that the drug may demonstrate substantial improvement over existing therapies on one or more clinically significant endpoints, such as substantial treatment effects observed early in clinical development."
Requests are reviewed by the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) and the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER). CDER receives approximately 100 requests per year for breakthrough designation. Historically, about one third were approved. CBER receives 15–30 requests per year. Sponsors must apply for breakthrough status separately for each indication they intend to label the drug for.
Breakthrough designation applications are submitted as an amendment to the IND applications, usually prior to end of Phase II meeting.

## Incentives

Drugs that have been granted breakthrough status are given priority review. The FDA works with the sponsor of the drug application to expedite the approval process. This expedited process can include rolling reviews, smaller clinical trials, and alternative trial designs.

## Issues

Critics have said that the name is misleading and provides companies that obtain a breakthrough designation for a drug candidate with a marketing advantage that may be undeserved. The FDA acknowledges that the name "breakthrough therapy" may be misleading. It was never meant to imply that these drugs are actually "breakthroughs," and it does not ensure that they will provide clinical benefit, but still critics complain that they are based on preliminary evidence, including changes in surrogate markers such as laboratory measurements, that often don't reflect "meaningful clinical benefit." The FDA guidance states: "Not all products designated as breakthrough therapies ultimately will be shown to have the substantial improvement over available therapies suggested by the preliminary clinical evidence at the time of designation. If the designation is no longer supported by subsequent data, FDA may rescind the designation."