OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Matthew Innes

Matthew Innes is a British academic and university administrator who is Deputy Vice-Chancellor and Professor of History at Birkbeck, University of London.

## Academic career

Innes grew up in West Yorkshire and by "sheer brute luck" earned a place to read History at the University of Cambridge. He earned a double first in his BA in 1991 and went on to complete a PhD in 1996, supervised by Rosamond McKitterick.
Innes' first university appointment was to a Junior Research Fellowship at Peterhouse, Cambridge, in 1994. After subsequent spells at the University of Birmingham and the University of York, he joined Birkbeck, University of London as Lecturer in History in 1999. He was promoted to Senior Lecturer in 2002, Reader in 2004, and finally Professor in 2006.
Innes previously served as Head of the School of Historical Studies and Dean of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences at Birkbeck. In 2008 he was appointed Pro-Vice-Master with responsibility for strategy, and served on the college's board of governors as an academic representative between 2005 and 2009. He was appointed Vice Master in June 2013. His title has since been changed to Deputy Vice-Chancellor with responsibility for academic and corporate affairs.

## Research

Innes' research interests are broadly located in the history of western Europe from the end of the Roman Empire to the eleventh century, with particular specialisms in economic, social and cultural history.

## Media work

Innes has appeared twice as an expert panelist on the BBC Radio 4 programme In Our Time: first in 2006 on the Carolingian Renaissance, and then in 2014 on the Battle of Tours.

## Honours and awards

* The Philip Leverhulme Prize for Outstanding Research (2004)
* The Royal Historical Society's Gladstone History Book Prize (2000) for State and society in the middle ages: the Middle Rhine Valley, 400-1000

## Personal life

Innes is married to Jayne.

## Selected publications

* 'Memory, orality and literacy in an early medieval society', Past & Present 158 (1998), pp. 3-36
* State and society in the early Middle Ages: the Middle Rhine Valley, 400-1000 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000)
* The uses of the past in the early Middle Ages (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004) (co-edited with Yitzhak Hen)
* Introduction to early medieval Western Europe, 300-900: the sword, the plough and the book (London: Routledge, 2007)
* The Carolingian world (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011) (co-authored with Marios Costambeys and Simon MacLean)
* Documentary culture and the laity in the early Middle Ages (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013) (co-edited with Warren C. Brown, Marios Costambeys and Adam J. Kosto)
* 'Queenship in dispute: Fastrada, history and law', in Elina Screen and Charles West (eds.), Writing the early medieval West: essays in honour of Rosamond McKitterick (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018), pp. 230-247
# Avraham HaMalach

Avraham HaMalach (Hebrew: אברהם המלאך, lit. 'Abraham the Angel') also Abraham ben Dov Ber Friedman HaMalach (1739 – 25 September 1776) as an 18th-century Hasidic Rabbi and son of the Maggid of Mezeritch. He is well-known for his extreme piety and observance of asceticism, the source of his nickname, "the Angel".

## Biography

Avraham, born in Mezeritch, was the son of Dov Ber, the Maggid of Mezeritch and the Maggid's wife, Chava, daughter of the Rabbi Meshulam Faybush Horowitz of Kremenets. According to Hasidic tradition, the couple were unable to have a child, and Chava wanted to divorce her husband, but he met with the Baal Shem Tov, and the Besht said that Chava would have their long-awaited child, and that the child would become a saint. Chava discovered she was pregnant within the year.
He showed an affinity for Kabbalah from a young age. At the request of his father, he studied with Shneur Zalman of Liadi, who taught him the Babylonian Talmud and the commentaries of Rashi and Tosafists with a Hasidic viewpoint. During this period in his young years, he began his ascent into asceticism, only seeing a few of his close friends, including the Schneur and his schoolmate Menachem Nachum Twersky, and HaMalach became the local Maggid. He would lock himself in a room with Tefillin and Tallit and only eat a little bit of food a day.
Another example of Avraham's asceticism came from when Rabbi Yitzhak of Radvil came to visit him on Tisha B'av, only to see him in meditation in mourning the destruction of the two temples, crying. He came back to the synagogue the next day to see him still on the floor, surrounded in a "puddle of his tears".
Although hesitant to marry because of the physicality of marriage, his father convinced him to marry for the sanctity of its mitzvah, and he married Tveria Kalisk, and they had two sons together. Israel Chaim of Ludmir and Sholom Shachne of Prohobisht. Sholom's son, Yisrael, would go on to found the Ruzhin Hassidic dynasty, and would be the ancestor of 6 others. HaMalach never took over his father's position as the Maggid of Mezeritch, and settled in Fastov, where he remained an ascetic recluse until his death on 26 September 1776 (12 Tishrei 5537).

## Works

HaMalach is the author of Ḥesed le-Abraham (not to be confused with the work of Abraham Azulai of the same name), mainly structured like a Torah commentary, but also discusses the Mishnah, the Talmud, and the Jewish holidays. The book also contains many personal sermons of the author, as well as a critique on the degeneration of the study of Kabbalah within Hasidism. It was first printed in Czernowitz in 1850.
# Black Law (hill)

Black Law is a hill in the Manor Hills range, part of the Southern Uplands of Scotland. One of the more remote Donalds, it does not easily combine into a round with other hills in the area and requires traversing rough terrain to reach the top. Common ascents are as part of an extended Dun Rig Horseshoe to the north-east, from the south at the Megget Reservoir or, most easily, from the Manor Valley itself.

## Subsidiary SMC Summits

| Summit | Height (m) | Listing |
| Black Cleuch Hill [Blackhouse Heights] | 675 | DT,sSim |
| Deer Law | 629 | Tu,Sim,DT,GT,DN |
| Conscleuch Head | 624 | DT,sSim |
# Drumelzier Law

Drumelzier Law is a hill in the Manor Hills range, part of the Southern Uplands of Scotland. It is often ascended from Drumelzier itself or Stanhope farm to the west, but ascents from the Manor Valley to the east are also common.
# Abdul Rahim Dard

Abdur Rahim Dard, known as A. R. Dard (19 June 1894 – 7 December 1955) was an Ahmadi Muslim writer, missionary, and political activist for the Pakistan Movement, who served as the Imam of the historic Fazl Mosque, the premier gathering place for Indian Muslims regardless of denomination in London. He is known for convincing Muhammad Ali Jinnah to return to British India and fight for the Pakistan Movement.

## Career

Dard was a speaker, Ahmadiyya missionary and a writer. He addressed many large audiences, most notably during the events of Jalsa Salanas, Interfaith Events, and Political Debates on Pakistan. He wrote many books both in English and Urdu, among them Life of Ahmad – Founder of the Ahmadiyya Movement (1948), a biography which covers the life of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad up to 1901, however, he was unable to complete the work. He also wrote a book The Islamic Caliphate (1938).
Dard met Muhammad Ali Jinnah in March 1933, (who getting utterly disappointed from Indian Politics had returned to England and started his legal practice there), and tried to convince him to return to India being direly needed by the Indian Muslims. Dard told Jinnah that Jinnah's abandonment of politics in British India him a "traitor" for the Muslim cause. To symbolize Jinnah's return to the political scene, Dard arranged at the Fazl Mosque in London in April 1933, a lecture titled The Future of India which was presided over by Sir Nairne Sandeman in which Jinnah criticized the recent White Paper on the Indian Constitutional Reform and argued for self-government by Indians.
With the consensus of the All India Kashmir Committee, Dard became its Secretary. He served the Jama'at as Nazir Sadr Anjuman Ahmadiyya for many years, and accompanied Khalifatul Masih II.

## Religion

Dard was the Private Secretary to Khalifatul Masih II from 1920 to 1924 and accompanying him to Damascus, Palestine, Egypt, Italy and France ultimately reaching England on 22 August 1924 for the Wembley's Conference of Living Religions 1924, and was appointed as the missionary in Charge of the London Mission. He served as an Ahmadiyya missionary in England for a total of 10 years in two terms. The Fazl Mosque in London, was built in 1926 under his supervision. He finally returned to Qadian in 1938.
Dard was Imam of the Fazl Mosque in London twice, from 1924 to 1928 and then again from 1931 till 1938.
# Corinna Schumacher

* This article is part of a series about Michael Schumacher
German racing driver
Career achievements
Family
Corinna (wife)
Gina-Maria (daughter) (de, d)
Mick (son)
Ralf (brother)
Cora (sister-in-law)
David (nephew)
Rivalries
Damon Hill
Mika Häkkinen
Eponym
15761 Schumi
Media
Schumacher (film)
Michael Schumacher Racing World Kart 2002 :
vte :
Corinna Schumacher (née Betsch; born 2 March 1969) is a German champion equestrian. She is married to German former racing driver Michael Schumacher.

## Personal life

A horsewoman, in 2010 Schumacher won the European Championship in western style horse riding. In 1997, she gave birth to a daughter, Gina-Maria [de], who is a professional horse rider, and in 1999, a son Mick, who is professionally a racing driver and has competed in Formula One following the footsteps of his father and uncle.
She is the wife of German seven-time Formula One champion Michael Schumacher and sister-in-law to former Formula One driver Ralf Schumacher. Corinna and Michael were married in Germany in August 1995. Before she married Michael, she was in a relationship with Heinz-Harald Frentzen in the early 1990s.
The Schumachers own horse ranches in Texas, as well as in Switzerland. The CS Ranch, located in Gordonville, Texas, deals in all aspects of the reining industry, focusing mainly on training and showing. CS Ranch accepts a select number of outside horses into their training program.
# Loch Skeen

Loch Skeen or Loch Skene is a loch in Dumfries and Galloway in the south of Scotland. It is located about 10 miles to the north-east of Moffat and feeds the 60-metre (200 ft) high Grey Mare's Tail waterfall. The area around Loch Skeen is popular with hikers, and the Daily Telegraph included Loch Skeen in a list of Britain's finest one-day and half-day walks. It is the highest loch in the Southern Uplands at approximately 510m.
# Zinc peroxide

Zinc peroxide (ZnO$_2$) is a chemical compound of zinc that appears as a bright yellow powder at room temperature. It was historically used as a surgical antiseptic. More recently zinc peroxide has also been used as an oxidant in explosives and pyrotechnic mixtures. Its properties have been described as a transition between ionic and covalent peroxides.

## Preparation and structure

Zinc peroxide can be synthesized through the reaction of zinc chloride and hydrogen peroxide.
According to X-ray crystallography, the compound consists of octahedral Zn(II) centers bonded to six distinct peroxide (O$_2$$^{2-}$) ligands. The overall motif is very similar to that for iron pyrite (FeS$_2$). The structure, with intact O-O bonds, makes clear that this material is a peroxide, not a dioxide.

## Medical Use

The treatment of burrowing ulcers in the abdominal wall with zinc peroxide was first recorded in 1933 and throughout the 1940s ZnO$_2$ was used as a disinfectant in surgical . Zinc peroxide was, however, deemed ineffective against certain bacterial strains, such as Streptococcus viridans, staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, B. proteus, and B. pyocyoneus.

## Safety

Zinc peroxide is hazardous in case of skin contact, of eye contact, or inhalation.
# Larg Hill

Larg Hill is a hill in the Minnigaff Hills, a sub-range of the Galloway Hills range, part of the Southern Uplands of Scotland. The second highest and most westerly of the range, it is normally ascended with Lamachan Hill as part of a round normally starting from the north or south. Historically it was covered by woodland consisting of ash, oak, fir and beech.
# Ain't Love a Bitch

"Ain't Love a Bitch" is a song written by Gary Grainger and Rod Stewart. Stewart released it on his 1978 album Blondes Have More Fun, and it was one of four songs on the album co-written by Stewart and Grainger. The song was released as a single in 1979, reaching #11 on the UK charts, and #22 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in the United States. It spent 8 weeks on the UK charts and 6 weeks on the US charts. The song also reached the Top Ten in several countries, including Ireland. Billboard magazine placed Stewart #7 on its list of the Top Single Artists of 1979 on the strength of "Ain't Love a Bitch" and its predecessor, "Da Ya Think I'm Sexy?".
Stewart performed the song on Dave Allen's Dave Allen at Large. A video of the song was included on the DVD included in the deluxe editions of the compilation album Some Guys Have All the Luck / The Definitive Rod Stewart.

## Music and lyrics

Stewart biographer Sean Egan described the music as having "gentle, melodious and sprightly tones". Record World described the rhythm as "light" and said that Stewart's vocals "have a music hall quality."
Egan described the lyrics as "detailing...the vicissitudes of romance" and recognizing that some of the singer's suffering in romance is due to the fact that he can't grow up. The lyrics of one verse refer back to Stewart's earlier hit single "Maggie May", describing a woman who took the singer's virginity at 17 and "made a first class fool out of [him]", and ending with the line "Oh Maggie if you're still out there the rest is history."

## Background

Rolling Stone critic Janet Maslin excoriated the song as being "unexpectedly sensitive, with a soft, strum-along melody and a bunch of namby-pamby characters doo-doo-doing a background chorus while Stewart croons about old girlfriends." She further criticizes the song for taking material that could have been tough and making it sound "like the 1400th cover version of 'I Left My Heart in San Francisco.'" CD Review commented on the references within "Ain't Love a Bitch" to Stewart's earlier song "Maggie May", describing the music as "bouncy". High Fidelity objected to the lyrics blaming women for love's problems. The Albany Herald also noted that the song is autobiographical, and incorporates elements from Stewart's "musical and personal past." Stereo Review described the song as a "repellent frat-house love song". Stephen Thomas Erlewine of Allmusic described the song as being in the same mold as "Da Ya Think I'm Sexy?". Author Barry Alan Farber described the line "Ain't we all a little juvenile" as encapsulating the way people retain pieces of their adolescence into adulthood. Cash Box called it a "return to the...balladeering of 'Tonight's The Night'" after the disco success of "Do Ya Think I'm Sexy" and said the song has "gentle, soothing acoustic guitar work, strings, and light drumming."

## Chart performance

| Chart (1979) | Peak position |
| Ireland (IRMA) | 5 |
| UK Singles (The Official Charts Company) | 11 |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 22 |
# Louis, the Child King

Louis, the Child King (French: Louis, enfant roi) is a 1993 French drama film directed by Roger Planchon. It was entered into the 1993 Cannes Film Festival.

## Cast

* Carmen Maura - Anne d'Autriche
* Maxime Mansion - Louis XIV
* Paolo Graziosi - Mazarin
* Jocelyn Quivrin - Philippe, Duc d'Anjou
* Hervé Briaux - Gaston d'Orléans
* Brigitte Catillon - Duchesse de Chevreuse
* Irina Dalle - Grande Mademoiselle
* Serge Dupire - Prince de Condé
* Isabelle Gélinas - Duchesse de Châtillon
* Michèle Laroque - Duchesse de Longueville
* Aurélien Recoing - Jean François Paul de Gondi
* Régis Royer - Prince de Conti
* Vanessa Wagner [fr] - Charlotte de Chevreuse
* Laurent Gamelon - Descouches
* Maurice Barrier - Guitaud
* Marco Bisson - Le duc de Nemours
* Carlo Brandt - Duc de la Rochefoucauld
* Charles Berling
# Lepraria isidiata

Lepraria isidiata is a species of leprose lichen in the family Stereocaulaceae. It occurs in Mediterranean Europe, where it grows on calcareous soil and rock surfaces.

## Taxonomy

Lepraria isidiata was first described by Xavier Llimona in 1973 as a variety of Lepraria crassissima. It was later elevated to species status by Llimona and Ana Crespo in 2004. The type specimen was collected in Spain.

## Description

The species forms a crustose to subfoliose thallus that ranges from membranous to granular in texture. It has a well-defined margin with distinct lobes that have raised edges. The thallus sometimes develops a light brownish hypothallus (attachment layer), and may have patches with a subcorticate (partially corticate) surface. One of its most distinctive features is the presence of coarse granules that resemble true isidia, measuring 0.32–0.54 mm in diameter. These structures have a compact outer layer and lack projecting hyphae. The granules often become sorediate (producing powder-like reproductive structures).

## Chemistry

Lepraria impossibilis produces three chemotypes, all containing atranorin and roccellic acid (which may be present or absent). Chemotype 1 includes fumarprotocetraric acid and protocetraric acid, while chemotype 2 contains only fumarprotocetraric acid. Chemotype 3, which is rare, features protocetraric acid instead of fumarprotocetraric acid. Chemical spot tests yield K− or K+ (yellow), C−, KC− or KC+ (yellow), and Pd+ (reddish orange), while the hypothallus is Pd−.

## Development

When a granule becomes detached and establishes itself on a substrate, it undergoes a distinctive developmental process to form a new thallus. The granule first develops polarity and inflates, forming an opening at its upper pole. The broken edges then thicken through hyphal growth, developing the characteristic rolled appearance that will persist in the mature thallus. As development continues, the margins grow radially to form a small, concave, dorsiventral structure that resembles a miniature version of the adult thallus.

## Habitat and distribution

The species grows on calcareous soil and rock surfaces, sometimes colonising mosses. It shows a preference for sun-exposed, arid habitats that receive direct rainfall, and can be found in various exposed settings like road escarpments and areas with sparse annual vegetation. The species occurs in both Mediterranean and sub-Mediterranean vegetation belts. While it was long considered endemic to gypsum outcrops in the Mediterranean basin, it has since been documented on various calcareous substrates. It is typically found in shaded but well-lit locations. Its distribution is currently known to be limited to Mediterranean countries in Europe.
# Glen Lochay

Glen Lochay (Scottish Gaelic: Gleann Lòchaidh) is in Perthshire, Scotland through which the River Lochay runs eastward towards Loch Tay, joining the River Dochart at Killin. Glen Lochay is about 20 miles (32 km) long, running from a point north of Crianlarich to Loch Tay.
A road runs up the glen as far as Kenknock Farm (at grid reference NN465364), but there is no vehicular access beyond this point. A track leads further up the glen past cottages at Badour, then Batavaime farm (at grid reference NN421347), the last occupied building in Glen Lochay. The ruins of cottages can be seen higher up the glen, but these were vacated long ago.
The route of a seven-mile (11 km) walk through this "delightful and remote glen" is documented.
There is an extensive local hydroelectric network throughout this area, much of which is buried under the ground and goes largely unseen, but some pipelines are visible crossing the glen.

## Gallery

* Water pipe across the glen
* Glen Lochay looking west
* Batavaime farm
# River Dochart

The River Dochart (Scottish Gaelic: Dochard) is in Perthshire, Scotland.
Coming from Ben Lui, it flows east out of Loch Dochart and through the glen of the same name. At Killin just before it enters Loch Tay are the Falls of Dochart. The river is sometimes also considered to be a part of the upper reaches of the River Tay.
# 6th Filmfare Awards

The 6th Filmfare Awards were held in 10 May 1959, at Bombay, honoring the best films in Hindi Cinema for the year 1958.
Madhumati led the ceremony with 12 nominations, followed by Sadhna with 6 nominations and Yahudi with 5 nominations.
Madhumati won 9 awards – a record at the time – including Best Film, Best Director (for Bimal Roy) and Best Supporting Actor (for Johnny Walker), thus becoming the most-awarded film at the ceremony.
The ceremony was also noted as Vyjayanthimala became the first actress to receive dual nominations for Best Actress for her performances in Madhumati and Sadhna, winning for the latter.

## Main Awards

| Best Film | Best Director |
| Madhumati – Bimal Roy Productions – Bimal Roy Sadhna – B. R. Films – B. R. Chopra Talaaq – Anupam Chitra – Mahesh Kaul, Mukhram Sharma | Bimal Roy – Madhumati B. R. Chopra – Sadhna Mahesh Kaul – Talaaq |
| Best Actor | Best Actress |
| Dev Anand – Kala Pani as Karan Mehra Dilip Kumar – Madhumati as Anand / Deven Raj Kapoor – Phir Subha Hogi as Ram Babu | Vyjayanthimala – Sadhna as Champabai / Rajani Meena Kumari – Sahara as Leela Vyjayanthimala – Madhumati as Madhumati / Madhavi / Radha |
| Best Supporting Actor | Best Supporting Actress |
| Johnny Walker – Madhumati as Charandas Rehman – Phir Subha Hogi as Rehman Sohrab Modi – Yahudi as Ezra | Nalini Jaywant – Kala Pani as Kishori Lalita Pawar – Parvarish as Rukmini Singh Leela Chitnis – Sadhna as Mother |
| Best Music Director | Best Lyricist |
| Salil Chowdhury – Madhumati O. P. Nayyar – Phagun Shankar–Jaikishan – Yahudi | Shailendra – "Yeh Mera Deewaanapan Hai" from Yahudi Sahir Ludhianvi – "Aurat Ne Janam Diya" from Sadhna Shailendra – "Meri Jaan" from Yahudi |
| Best Playback Singer – Male | Best Playback Singer – Female |
| Award won by a female singer | Lata Mangeshkar – "Aaja Re Pardesi" from Madhumati |
| Best Story | Best Dialogue |
| Mukhram Sharma – Sadhna Mukhram Sharma – Talaaq Ritwik Ghatak – Madhumati | Rajinder Singh Bedi – Madhumati |

## Technical Awards

| Best Editing | Best Cinematography |
| Hrishikesh Mukherjee – Madhumati | Dilip Gupta – Madhumati |
| Best Art Direction | Best Sound Design |
| Sudhendu Roy – Madhumati | Ishaan Ghosh – Chandan |

## Superlatives

The following films had multiple wins and/or nominations
| Movie | Awards | Nominations |
| Madhumati | 9 | 12 |
| Sadhna | 2 | 6 |
| Kala Pani | 2 | 2 |
| Yahudi | 1 | 5 |
| Talaaq | 0 | 3 |
| Phir Subha Hogi | 0 | 2 |
# Beridella

Beridella is a genus of flies in the family Stratiomyidae.

## Species

* Beridella brunnicosa Becker, 1919
* Beridella guerinii (Macquart, 1846)
* Beridella iris (James, 1975)
* Beridella maculifrons (Enderlein, 1921)