# Barquisimeto

Barquisimeto (Spanish pronunciation:; Wayuu: Watkisimeeta) is a city in Venezuela. Barquisimeto is located in the Central-Western Region, Venezuela. It is the capital of the state of Lara and head of Iribarren Municipality. It is an important urban, industrial, commercial and transportation center of the country, recognized as the fourth-largest city by population and area in Venezuela after Caracas, Maracaibo and Valencia.

## History

Barquisimeto was founded in 1552 by Juan de Villegas, as a headquarters and to have better control of the territory believed to be rich in gold. Its original name was Nueva Segovia de Barquisimeto and then it was shortened to just Barquisimeto.
This city changed locations four times between 1552 and 1563. The original settlement was near the Buría River, but moved in 1556 due to frequent floods suffered by inhabitants. The second location was in the valley of the Turbio River, where the city stayed until Lope de Aguirre burned it down in 1561. The city was rebuilt 102 km (63 mi), but in 1562 they inhabitants asked for permission to move to another site due to strong winds blowing in the place. Finally, Barquisimeto was located on the north plateau of the Turbio River in 1563.
During the country's independence, Barquisimeto joined the liberation movement and its deputy José Ángel Álamo signed the Independence Act on July 5, 1811.
In 1929, the city went through a modernization program carried out by General Juan Vicente Gomez. He fixed the streets and avenues and buildings were built, like the Jacinto Lara Headquarters, the Government Palace and the Ayacucho Park.

### Names and etymology

According to the German adventurer Nikolaus Federmann, the Caquetío aborigines used to call it Variquicimeto, which translates as "ash-colored river", the name with which the natives distinguished the water stream near the city. This river was named "Turbio River" by the Spanish conquerors, a name that is still in use today. Another possible name origin is due to a red dye called bariquí.
When Juan de Villegas founded it, he named the city "Nueva Segovia de Barquisimeto", but years later it became just "Barquisimeto", a word popularized by Oviedo y Baños in his book History and Conquest of the Venezuelan Population.

## Religion

The city's modern Cathedral of Our Lady of Mount Carmel is the cathedral of the episcopal see of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Barquisimeto.

### Divina Pastora

The Divina Pastora (Divine Shepherdess) is a statue of the Virgin Mary holding the infant Jesus, with a lamb at her side. It is considered to be one of the most important religious icons of Venezuela. Divina Pastora is the patron saint of the city of Barquisimeto and of the Venezuelan National Militia. The original image dates from 1735. Divina Pastora is celebrated in a procession on January 14 of each year, when a massive Marian procession occurs, considered to be one of the largest in the world, attracting thousands of pilgrims.
The statue is removed from its shrine and is carried on the main streets of Barquisimeto in a procession which starts at the Iglesia de la Divina Pastora in Santa Rosa until it reaches the Barquisimeto Cathedral. This procession is unlike other mass Marian celebrations in the world, where the image does not leave its temple. This procession occurs due to the devotion the people of Barquisimeto have towards it as gratitude towards saving the city from a cholera outbreak that occurred in the city in the 19th century. In 2013, 3,000,000 faithful honored the Divina Pastora.

## Geography

Barquisimeto is located on the terrace of the same name, on the banks of the Turbio River, 622 metres (2,040 feet) above sea level and a population of 930,000 inhabitants. It has a location on the central western of Venezuela (363 km (226 mi) from Caracas, the country's capital city), being a point of convergence of many of the major land routes and rail, characterized also by its street order and appropriate signage due to the location of the city with a relief almost completely flat, which facilitated the distribution of the urban grid and with the streets numbered in ascending numerical order, factors that help the foreign citizen and easily locate addresses. Its climate is pleasant in the months of December to March, with an average temperature of 26 °C (79 °F) throughout the year.

### Neighboring municipalities

* North: Urdaneta Municipality
* South: Palavecino Municipality
* East: Peña Municipality, Yaracuy State
* West: Jiménez and Torres Municipalities.

### Large-magnitude earthquakes (Richter’s scale)

* 6.6 (8/3/1950)
* 5.6 (3/5/1975)
* 6.3 (9/12/2009)

### Climate

In the city, a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen BSh) is dominant. Located in that region, Barquisimeto records 550 millimetres or 21.7 inches of rain per year and its average temperature ranges 25 °C (77 °F). However, in higher regions near the Andes, temperatures are lower and the rain is more constant. For instance, in Sanare city, the annual average rainfall is 835 millimetres or 32.9 inches.
Climate data for Barquisimeto, Venezuela (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–2020) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 38.0 (100.4) | 36.6 (97.9) | 39.4 (102.9) | 35.9 (96.6) | 35.6 (96.1) | 35.9 (96.6) | 35.9 (96.6) | 39.6 (103.3) | 36.3 (97.3) | 34.8 (94.6) | 35.2 (95.4) | 33.9 (93.0) | 39.6 (103.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 30.9 (87.6) | 31.8 (89.2) | 32.3 (90.1) | 31.8 (89.2) | 31.3 (88.3) | 30.6 (87.1) | 30.4 (86.7) | 31.1 (88.0) | 31.5 (88.7) | 30.9 (87.6) | 30.7 (87.3) | 30.5 (86.9) | 31.1 (88.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 23.5 (74.3) | 24.0 (75.2) | 24.7 (76.5) | 25.1 (77.2) | 25.0 (77.0) | 24.3 (75.7) | 24.0 (75.2) | 24.3 (75.7) | 24.7 (76.5) | 24.5 (76.1) | 24.3 (75.7) | 23.8 (74.8) | 24.4 (75.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 19.1 (66.4) | 19.4 (66.9) | 20.3 (68.5) | 21.4 (70.5) | 21.6 (70.9) | 21.2 (70.2) | 20.9 (69.6) | 21.0 (69.8) | 21.2 (70.2) | 21.2 (70.2) | 21.0 (69.8) | 20.0 (68.0) | 20.7 (69.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 13.4 (56.1) | 13.2 (55.8) | 12.6 (54.7) | 15.2 (59.4) | 16.5 (61.7) | 16.1 (61.0) | 16.4 (61.5) | 15.4 (59.7) | 15.4 (59.7) | 11.1 (52.0) | 15.0 (59.0) | 13.8 (56.8) | 11.1 (52.0) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 12.1 (0.48) | 9.7 (0.38) | 18.6 (0.73) | 52.1 (2.05) | 59.2 (2.33) | 75.5 (2.97) | 61.6 (2.43) | 56.3 (2.22) | 50.7 (2.00) | 72.1 (2.84) | 58.1 (2.29) | 39.8 (1.57) | 565.8 (22.28) |
| Average rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 2.4 | 1.5 | 2.3 | 6.2 | 7.6 | 11.6 | 10.4 | 8.9 | 7.0 | 8.8 | 6.2 | 5.4 | 78.3 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 68.5 | 66.5 | 65.5 | 70.0 | 74.0 | 75.0 | 74.5 | 73.0 | 72.5 | 73.0 | 73.0 | 72.0 | 71.5 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 260.4 | 235.2 | 241.8 | 183.0 | 192.2 | 201.0 | 232.5 | 241.8 | 228.0 | 226.3 | 222.0 | 248.0 | 2,712.2 |
| Mean daily sunshine hours | 8.4 | 8.4 | 7.8 | 6.1 | 6.2 | 6.7 | 7.5 | 7.8 | 7.6 | 7.3 | 7.4 | 8.0 | 7.4 |
| Source 1: NOAA (sun 1971–1990) ||||||||||||||
| Source 2: Instituto Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología (humidity 1970–1998) ||||||||||||||

## Education

Barquisimeto is a city with a historic vocation by academic knowledge, and boasts a considerable sample of universities and institutes of higher education in Venezuela, has a high and growing student population from all over the country.
Major universities in the city include Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado and Universidad Nacional Experimental Politécnica Antonio José de Sucre.

### Other universities and colleges
#### Public institutions

* Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado (UCLA)
* National Polytechnic Experimental University Antonio José de Sucre (UNEXPO)
* Libertador's Experimental and Pedagogical University (UPEL)
* Andrés Eloy Blanco's Territorial and Polytechnic of Lara University (IUETAEB - former Andrés Eloy Blanco's Experimental and Technology Institute)
* National Open University (UNA)
* Simón Rodríguez's National Experimental University (UNESR)
* Central University of Venezuela (UCV - Barquisimeto's Regional Center)
* Bolivarian University of Venezuela (UBV)
* National Experimental University of the Armed Forces (UNEFA)

#### Private institutions

* Fermin Toro University (UFT)
* Yacambú University (UNY)
* Fermin Toro College (CUFT)
* Rodolfo Loero Arismendi Technology and Industrial Institute (IUTIRLA)
* National Institute of Socialist Education and Capacitation (INCES)
* Antonio José de Sucre Technology Institute (IUTAJS)
* Jesús Obrero Institute (IUJO)

## Hospitals
### Private hospitals

* Clínica IDB Barquisimeto
Address: Carrera 19 esquina calle 34
* Clínica Razetti de Barquisimeto
Address: Carrera 21
* Policlínica Barquisimeto
Address: Av. Lara (paseo Los Leones y calle Madrid)
* Previmédica IDB Los Abogados
Address: Av. Los Abogados (calles 16 y 17). 50 mts. from Av. Vargas
* Previmédica IDB Centro
Address: Calle 34 (carreras 19 y 20)
* Previmédica IDB Oeste
Address: Av. Pedro León Torres (calle 59). CC Sotavento

### Public hospitals

* Hospital Central Universitario Antonio María Pineda
Address: Av. Libertador
* Hospital Dr. Luis Gómez López
Address: Barrio La Feria

### Gallery Images

* Juares Theater
* Barquisimeto Cathedral Inside
* Barquisimeto East
* Cuatro of Barquisimeto
* Barracks General Jacinto Lara
* Lagoon in Zoo Park of Barquisimeto
* Obelisk of Barquisimeto
* La Tinaja
* Santa Rosa Church
* Bolívar Square

## Transportation

The Transbarca system is a new "bus rapid transit" (BRT) system under construction, which was originally planned to use trolleybuses. When construction began, in 2006, the system was projected to serve an average of 170,000 people per day when completed, using 80 trolleybuses operating along 30 km (19 mi) of exclusive lanes, across the metropolitan area. Service was planned to include an express route of 22 km (14 mi) along with one local route of 8 km (5 mi). With 52 stations, the BRT system is to include a centralized system of communication and security, and structures for easy access for elderly and disabled people. It is to be complemented with feeder routes, covering the areas of Greater Barquisimeto the BRT line will not serve, which will connect with the main line at terminal stations.
Although 80 articulated trolleybuses were purchased from Neoplan and delivered around 2008–09, the plans to operate the Transbarca system with those vehicles were dropped in 2013. In addition to reasons of cost, an inadequate supply of electricity with which to power the system was cited in the announcement of the decision.
* Buses are the main means of mass transportation. The system runs a variety of bus types, operated by several companies on normal streets and avenues:
* bus; large buses.
* buseta; medium-sized buses.
* microbus or colectivo; vans or minivans.
* rapiditos; old cars with capacity for 5 or more people.
The city has an airport called Jacinto Lara International Airport.

## Sports

The city is home to several notable baseball and football teams. Several other sports also have Barquisimeto as their home.
* Cardenales de Lara (English: Lara Cardinals) (Venezuelan Professional Baseball League)
* Guaros de Lara (Venezuelan Professional Basketball League)
* Lara FC (Venezuelan Professional Soccer League)

## Notable people

* Junior Alvarado (born 1986) - Thoroughbred racing jockey
* Rafael Cadenas (born 1930) - poet and essayist, winner of the Cervantes prize in 2022
* Gregorio Camacho (1933–2002) - painter
* Pedro Carmona (born 1941) - economist who served briefly as acting president of Venezuela in 2002
* Carlos Carrasco (born 1987) - Major League Baseball pitcher
* Gabriel Coronel (born 1987) - actor and singer
* Gustavo Dudamel (born 1981) - conductor and violinist
* Andrés Giménez (born 1998) - Major League Baseball player for the Toronto Blue Jays
* Carlos Mendoza (born 1979) - Major League Baseball coach and current manager of the New York Mets
* Amleto Monacelli (born 1961) - professional ten-pin bowler
* Dori Parra de Orellana (1923–2007) – politician
* Manny Piña (born 1987) - Major League Baseball player
* Ana Rugeles (1914–2012) - composer and music educator