OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Palais Preysing

The Palais Preysing is a Rococo style building at Residenzstraße 27, opposite the Residenz in Munich, Southern Germany, which served as residence for the Counts of Preysing. To distinguish it from the nearby Palais Neuhaus-Preysing, it is also called the Elder Palais Preysing.
Joseph Effner built the mansion between 1723 and 1728 for the Count Johann Maximilian of Preysing-Hohenaschau (1687-1764). Opposite to the Residenz, it is Munich's first Rococo style palace. The exterior walls are embellished with stucco.
In 1723, Joseph Effner received a commission from Count Johann Maximilian of Preysing-Hohenaschau(1687-1764) to build a four-story city palace with a facade that has a width for nine window frames. In addition to richly furnished living quarters, a chapel and a ballroom, the palace also included an impressive staircase.
On October 15, 1835, the Bayerische Hypotheken- und Wechsel-Bank started operations in the Preysing-Palais, with 11 employees.
The Palais Preysing was destroyed in World War II and then reconstructed in the 1950s with the ground floor redesigned for shops. The decorated staircase is publicly accessible.

## Viscardigasse

The mansion is situated behind the Feldherrnhalle at Odeonsplatz, the little alley behind the Palais Preysing connecting the Residenzstrasse and the Theatinerstraße is called Viscardigasse (after Giovanni Antonio Viscardi), but it used to be known by the locals as "Drueckebergergasse". "Drueckeberger" is a German slang expression for someone who tries to avoid his duty. Adolf Hitler ordered that everyone passing the Feldherrnhalle had to give the Nazi salute as they walked by, as a tribute to the Nazi sympathizers who had been killed at that spot in the Beer Hall Putsch of 1923. Many people practiced a kind of passive resistance by making a detour down the Viscardigasse, to avoid passing the Feldherrnhalle and having to salute. In the mid-90s, a wavy stripe of gold-colored pavement stones were placed in the Viscardigasse in memorial of this civil resistance.
# Chuvash Book Publishing House

The Chuvash Book Publishing House is the Republican state unitary enterprise producing fiction, children's, educational, political etc. literature in Chuvash, Russian, English. Provides educational institutions of the Chuvash Republic and the Chuvash Diaspora with educational and methodical literature, completes book funds of libraries, is engaged in trade in book production and industrial goods. Since 1996 the publishing House is a member of the Association of book publishers of the Russian Federation.

## History

Founded 12 Nov 1920 as the Chuvash branch of the State publishing house (Chuvashgiz). Since 1963 — Chuvash Book Publishing House, since 2004 - modern name. There are 66 people in the staff (2011).
Over the years of its activity, the publishing house has released about 17 thousand titles of books and brochures with a circulation of over 132280 thousand copies, including in 2012-110 titles with a circulation of 323.3 thousand copies.
Published works included in the golden fund of Chuvash culture:
* complete works of Konstantin Ivanov, Mikhail Sespel, Fyodor Pavlov;
* multi-volume collections of works by Semyon Elger, Pyotr Khuzangai, Yakov Ukhsai, Gennadiy Aygi;
* collections of selected works by Nikolai Shelebi, Egor Elliev, Valery Rzai, Alexander Alga, Alexander Artemyev, Stihvan Shavly and others writers;
* collected works of Nikolay Nikolsky and Mikhailov-Yandush.
The book series "Wonderful people of Chuvashia", "Library of the President of the Chuvash Republic","From the experience of folk masters", " Research. In theory. Hypotheses","Chuvash folk art","Literary monuments","School library", encyclopedias of the Chuvash Republic and districts,"Memory - Astavam" (11 books), etc.
In March 2012 Chuvash Book Publishing House by order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation was included in the list of organizations publishing textbooks that are allowed to be used in the educational process in schools and other educational institutions with state accreditation.
# Inariguchi Station

Inariguchi Station (稲荷口駅, Inariguchi-eki) is a railway station in the city of Toyokawa, Aichi, Japan, operated by Meitetsu.

## Lines

Inariguchi Station is a station on the Meitetsu Toyokawa Line and is 6.0 kilometers from the terminus of the line at Kō.

## Station layout

The station has one island platform connected to the station building by a level crossing. The station has automated ticket machines, Manaca automated turnstiles and is unattended.

### Platforms

| 1 | ■ Meitetsu Toyokawa Line | For Toyokawa-inari |
| 2 | ■ Meitetsu Toyokawa Line | For Meitetsu-Nagoya |

## Adjacent stations

| ← | Service | → |
| Meitetsu Toyokawa Line |||||
| Toyokawa-inari | Rapid Limited Express | Suwachō |
| Toyokawa-inari | Limited Express | Suwachō |
| Toyokawa-inari | Express | Suwachō |
| Toyokawa-inari | Semi Express | Suwachō |
| Toyokawa-inari | Local | Suwachō |

## Station history

Inariguchi Station was opened on April 1, 1954.

## Passenger statistics

In fiscal 2017, the station was used by an average of 2592 passengers daily.

## Surrounding area

* Toyokawa Inari
* Tobu Junior High School
# Guizhou Military District

The Guizhou Military District (Chinese: 中国人民解放军贵州省军区; full name People's Liberation Army Guizhou Military District or PLA Guizhou Military District) is a military district of the National Defense Mobilization Department of the Central Military Commission in China.

## History

Guizhou Military District was originally built in January 1950.

## Leaders
### Commanders

| Name (English) | Name (Chinese) | Tenure begins | Tenure ends |
| Yang Yong | 杨勇 | January 1950 | |
| Su Zhenhua | 苏振华 | November 1949 | |
| Zhong Chibing [zh] | 钟赤兵 | | |
| Tian Weiyang [zh] | 田维扬 | August 1957 | March 1965 |
| He Guangyu [zh] | 何光宇 | | |
| Zhang Zhong [zh] | 张忠 | 1975 | 1979 |
| Ren Ying [zh] | 任应 | | |
| Jiao Bin [zh] | 焦斌 | August 1981 | July 1990 |
| Zhu Qi | 朱启 | June 1990 | 1994 |
| Zhong Liming [zh] | 钟理明 | 1994 | 1996 |
| Chen Qingyun | 陈庆云 | 2003 | 2005 |
| Qiu Xingbai [zh] | 邱型柏 | May 2005 | June 2007 |
| Ling Feng [zh] | 凌峰 | August 2008 | October 2011 |
| Li Yazhou [zh] | 李亚洲 | October 2011 | November 2013 |
| Wang Shenghuai [zh] | 王盛槐 | November 2013 | April 2017 |
| Wang Yanyong [zh] | 王艳勇 | April 2017 | September 2022 |
| Wang Lei [zh] | 王雷 | September 2022 | |

### Political commissars

| Name (English) | Name (Chinese) | Tenure begins | Tenure ends |
| Lan Yinong | 蓝亦农 | October 1960 | August 1973 |
| Wang Guide [zh] | 王贵德 | | |
| Li Zaihan [zh] | 李再含 | | |
| Chi Biqing | 池必卿 | June 1980 | |
| Kang Huzhen [zh] | 康虎振 | December 1986 | 1990 |
| Jiang Chong'an [zh] | 蒋崇安 | November 2004 | January 2009 |
| Shi Xiao [zh] | 石晓 | December 2008 | March 2014 |
| Xie Wuzhong [zh] | 谢武忠 | March 2014 | 2018 |
| Li Hui [zh] | 李辉 | January 2018 | April 2023 |
| Wu Hexian [zh] | 吴贺宪 | April 2023 | |
# Ushikubo Station

Ushikubo Station (牛久保駅, Ushikubo-eki) is a railway station in the city of Toyokawa, Aichi Prefecture, Japan, operated by Central Japan Railway Company (JR Tōkai).

## Lines

Ushikubo Station is served by the Iida Line, and is located 6.6 kilometers from the southern terminus of the line at Toyohashi Station.

## Station layout

The station has two opposed side platforms connected by a footbridge. The station building has automated ticket machines, TOICA automated turnstiles and has a Customer support service.

### Platforms

| 1 | ■ Iida Line | For Toyohashi |
| 2 | ■ Iida Line | For Toyokawa, Iida |

## Adjacent stations

| « | Service | » |
| Central Japan Railway Company |||||
| Iida Line |||||
| Limited Express "Inaji" (特急「伊那路」): Does not stop at this station |||||
| Kozakai | Local (普通) | Toyokawa |

## Station history

Ushikubo Station was established on July 15, 1897; 127 years ago (1897-07-15) as a station on the now-defunct Toyokawa Railway (豊川鉄道, Toyokawa Tetsudō) connecting Toyohashi with Toyokawa. On August 1, 1943, the Toyokawa Railway was nationalized along with some other local lines to form the Japanese Government Railways (JGR) Iida Line. Due to the expansion of traffic at the nearby Toyokawa Naval Arsenal, the station buildingw was also rebuilt in 1943; this building survived the Toyokawa Air Raid and is still used as the station building to date. Scheduled freight operations were discontinued in 1971. Along with its division and privatization of JNR on April 1, 1987, the station came under the control and operation of the Central Japan Railway Company (JR Tōkai).
Station numbering was introduced to the Iida Line in March 2018; Ushikubo Station was assigned station number CE04.

## Passenger statistics

In fiscal 2017, the station was used by an average of 877 passengers daily.

## Surrounding area

* site of Ushikubo Castle
* Ushikubo Elementary School
# Miriam bat Benayah

Miriam bat Benayah (late 15th-century - early 16th-century) was a Jewish Safra (scribe) in Yemen.
Bat Benayah was the daughter of scribe Benayah ben Sa'adiah ben Zekhariah, and worked with her father and her brothers David and Joseph. They are credited with copying 400 books together, including prayer books, collections of haftarot, and copies of the Torah. It was highly uncommon for a woman to have the profession of scribe in the culture, time and place in which she was active.
In one scroll of the Pentateuch which she had written, she added the statement: "Please be indulgent of the shortcomings of this volume; I copied it while nursing a baby."
# Degersee

The Degersee is a small lake in the hilly hinterland a few kilometers north of Lake Constance in the German state of Baden-Württemberg. The lake is partially surrounded by forest, relatively warm in summer, often freezes over completely in winter, and has two swimming areas. The lake is popular with swimmers and fisherpersons.

## Location and size

Most of the Degersee is part of the territory of the city of Tettnang. A small area in the southeast belongs to the Bavarian city of Lindau (Bodensee). The lake is at an altitude of 478.2 meters and has a surface area of approx. 30 hectares. Its shore length is about 2,730 meters and it has an average depth of about six meters, with a maximum of eleven meters. Its volume is about 1,828 million cubic meters.

## Origins

Like the nearby Schlein lake, the Wieland pond, and Muttel lake, Lake Deger was formed with meltwater towards the end of the last ice age. The surface tributaries are insignificant, the water exchange taking place mainly through an intensive groundwater flow. Via the pond near Hörbolzmühle and the Nonnenbach, Lake Degersee drains into Lake Constance and is thus part of the Rhine River system.

## Biology

The Degersee is in a landscape conservation area. The surrounding agricultural land (90% grassland, 7% special crops, 3% arable land) is mainly used for livestock grazing which, due to the sloping nature of the regional farmland, leads to considerable eutrophication (nutrient input). Extensification measures, which are already influencing Lake Schlein, are also intended to reduce the eutrophication level of Lake Deger. Both lakes are part of the Program for the Rehabilitation of Upper Swabian Lakes.

### Flora

In the protected area of the Degersee, the White Water Lily (Nymphaea alba) is prevalent, along with the floating leaf plants Yellow Pond Rose (Nuphar lutea) and Marsh Iris (Iris pseudacorus, also called yellow iris).

### Fauna

Lake Deger is stocked with zander, pike, catfish, carp, and the European eel. There are also minor populations of roach, bream, perch, tench, crucian carp, and bleak. Numerous dragonfly and bird species can be observed in the shore area.

## Neolithic settlement

Archaeological explorations have revealed the presence of an early complete village of 150-200 people in Lake Degersee lying about three meters below the lake bottom. Numerous artifacts have been found, including axes cut from hard stone and a six-meter dugout canoe. Numerous stone utensils from the Lake Garda region point to trade links with Upper Italy. A chance find in 2002 put archaeologists on the trail of this village.
# Hashiba Hidekatsu

Hashiba Hidekatsu (羽柴 秀勝, 1567 – January 29, 1586) was a Japanese samurai, also known as Oda Hidekatsu, the fourth son of the famed feudal warlord Oda Nobunaga and was adopted by Toyotomi Hideyoshi at a young age.
At the time of Nobunaga's death in 1582, Hidekatsu was at Kojima in Bizen Province. Shortly after Nobunaga's death, Hidekatsu assisted Hideyoshi during the Battle of Yamazaki, Hidekatsu and his biological older brother, Oda Nobutaka, were used as a banner of a battle of revenge, and defeated Akechi Mitsuhide.
During the funeral of Nobunaga, he held his birth father's mortuary tablet (ihai). Afterwards, Hidekatsu received Kameyama Castle in Tanba Province (modern day Kameoka, Kyoto Prefecture).
He also served Hideyoshi during the Battle of Shizugatake in 1583 and Battle of Komaki and Nagakute in 1584. Hidekatsu suddenly died in 1586, with many people believing that Hidekatsu was killed on the orders of Hideyoshi.

## Family

* Father: Oda Nobunaga (1536–1582)
* Adopted Father: Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1536–1598)
* Brothers:
** Oda Nobutada (1557–1582)
** Oda Nobukatsu (1558–1630)
** Oda Nobutaka (1558–1583)
** Oda Katsunaga (1568–1582)
** Oda Nobuhide (1571–1597)
** Oda Nobutaka (1576–1602)
** Oda Nobuyoshi (1573–1615)
** Oda Nobusada (1574–1624)
** Oda Nobuyoshi (died 1609)
** Oda Nagatsugu (died 1600)
** Oda Nobumasa (1554–1647)
* Sisters:
** Tokuhime (1559–1636)
** Fuyuhime (1561–1641)
** Hideko (died 1632)
** Eihime (1574–1623)
** Hōonin
** Sannomarudono (died 1603)
** Tsuruhime
# Tough on crime, tough on the causes of crime

"Tough on crime, tough on the causes of crime" was a British political slogan associated with New Labour. It was used in a September 1993 speech by Shadow Home Secretary and future party leader Tony Blair to the Labour party conference, and was seen as an attempt at triangulation, with Labour using the slogan to attack the "tough on crime" approach traditionally favoured by the Conservative Party. An example of this approach was the introduction of anti-social behaviour orders (ASBOs) in the Crime and Disorder Act 1998.
# Visusti, Järva County

Visusti is a village in Järva Parish, Järva County in northern-central Estonia.
# William Metzler

William Henry Metzler (1863–1943) was a Canadian mathematician.

## Career

He was born in Odessa, Canada West on 18 September 1863. He studied mathematics at the University of Toronto under Henry Taber from 1886, graduating in 1888 and then continuing as a postgraduate. He gained his doctorate in 1892. In 1895 he was appointed professor of mathematics at Syracuse University, then became dean of the graduate school. From 1923–1933, he was dean and professor of mathematics at the New York State College of Teachers in Albany, New York.
In 1902 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were David Henry Marshall, Robert Wenley, John George Adami, and James Douglas Hamilton Dickson.
He died in Syracuse, New York, on 14 April 1943.

## Publications

* On the Roots of Matrices (1892)
* Homogenous Strains (1893)
* On the Rank of a Matrix (1913)
# Christopher Curwen

Sir Christopher Keith Curwen, KCMG (9 April 1929 – 18 December 2013) was a British Intelligence officer specialising in South East Asia who was Head of the Secret Intelligence Service (MI6) from 1985 to 1989.

## Career

Curwen was educated at Sherborne School and Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge after which he was commissioned into the 4th Queen's Own Hussars in 1948, serving in Malaya. He joined SIS in 1952 and was posted to Thailand in 1954 and Vientiane, Laos in 1956. He returned to the service's London headquarters in 1958, had another spell in Bangkok from 1961 and then two years in Kuala Lumpur. He was at one time married to a woman from Burma; they were later divorced.
Curwen spent three years as SIS liaison officer in Washington D.C. from 1968 and was then head of station in Geneva. He was deputy to Sir Colin Figures from 1980 and succeeded him as Chief of the Service in 1985. His tenure was notable for the successful exfiltration from Moscow of the KGB officer and British agent Oleg Gordievsky.
His obituary in The Times noted: "He possessed a romantic patriotism that belied his hard-headed persona."
# Guy Ignolin

Guy Ignolin (14 November 1936 – 15 December 2011) was a French professional road bicycle racer. He was born in Vernou-sur-Brenne and died in Lannion, aged 75.

## Major results
### 1959

    Montmorillon

### 1960

    Circuit d'Auvergne

### 1961

    Circuit d'Auvergne
    Tour de France:
       Winner stage 10

### 1962

    Circuit d'Auvergne
    Grand Prix de Fourmies

### 1963

    Tour de France:
       Winner stages 11 and 14
    Vuelta a España:
       Winner stages 6 and 15
    Guénin
    Bain-de-Bretagne

### 1964

    Combourg
    Plévin
    Plumelec

### 1965

    Châteaulin
    Circuit de l'Aulne
    Circuit du Morbihan
    Lescouet-Jugon
    Perros-Guirec

### 1966

    Pont-de-Bois

### 1967

    Begard
    Plancoët
    Pleyber-Christ
    Quemper-Guézennec
    Iffendic

### 1968

    Ruban Granitier Breton

### 1969

    Plonevez-du-Faou
# Reformulated Blendstock for Oxygenate Blending

Reformulated Blendstock for Oxygenate Blending (RBOB) is a gasoline futures contract traded on the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX). It is the benchmark futures contract for wholesale gasoline in the United States.

## History

Edwin Drake was the first to discover RBOB gasoline but discarded it as a byproduct on his quest to refine crude oil into kerosene.

## Composition

RBOB gasoline is a blend of hydrocarbons suitable for use in Spark-ignition engines. It typically contains various additives, including oxygenates like ethanol or methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), to improve octane rating and reduce air pollution.

## Refining

RBOB is refined from crude oil and about half of the crude oil is refined into RBOB gasoline, therefore RBOB tracks the price of WTI crude closely.
# Nuh Ismail Tani

General Nuh Ismail Tani (Somali: Nuux Ismaaciil Taani) is the former chief of staff of the Somaliland Armed Forces. He was replaced on 23 January 2025 by Lieutenant General Nimcaan Yusuf Osman (Gahnug).

## History

Tani comes from the Sa'ad Musa sub-division of the Habr Awal branch of the Isaaq clan.
In 1975, Tani was head of logistics for the Somali armed forces in Kismayo.
In 1981, he led the fighting in Galkayo in central Somalia.

### Chief of General Staff (1st period)

He was appointed as the chief of staff in 2003 by President Kahin.
In August 2010, the new president Silanyo ousted a number of government officials, but Tani was retained.
And he held the post under two different presidents of Somaliland before being dismissed by Ahmed Mahamoud Silanyo on 11 December 2011.
He was succeeded by General Mohamed Hasan Abdullahi.
In 2013, he was named one of the 100 people who have contributed the most to Somaliland over the past 20 years.

### Chief of General Staff (2nd period)

On August 15, 2016, Tani was again appointed Commander of the Somaliland Defense Forces.
In November 2017, Tani told an interview before the Somaliland presidential election that he would faithfully follow whichever candidate is elected.
In November 2018, Tani welcomed the President of Somaliland in Tukaraq and explained the situation.
In November 2022, Tani requested that the Puntland military commander not make misleading statements regarding the occupation of Bo'ame by Somaliland forces, as if Somaliland forces were invading another country.
On January 25, 2023, Tani denied some reports that enemy forces had invaded Las Anod, explaining that the Sool administration was under the control of the Somaliland military. He explained, however, that he would not allow any vehicles to enter Las Anod to ease tensions in the city.
On February 17, 2023, Tani said that militant group Al-Shabaab had been forced out of Somalia and was trying to establish a stronghold in Las Anod, joined by Puntland and others from southern Somalia, who were fighting Somaliland armed forces.
In March 2023, Tani announced that the situation in Las Anod was such that Somaliland forces had the ability to overrun the town, but that the Somaliland government was abiding by the cease-fire agreement it had promised.
In January 2024, he met with Ethiopia's Chief of Staff, Birhanu Jula, at the Defense Headquarters in Addis Ababa. They discussed military cooperation between the two countries.
# Brazilian Academy of Sciences

The Brazilian Academy of Sciences (Portuguese: Academia Brasileira de Ciências or ABC) is the national academy of Brazil. It is headquartered in the city of Rio de Janeiro and was founded on May 3, 1916.

## Publications

It publishes a large number of scientific publications, among them the Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências (2020 IF 1.280). At the same time, it is in charge of granting prestigious international awards for outstanding work in scientific endeavors.

## People
### Presidents

* 1916–1926 Henrique Charles Morize
* 1926–1929 Juliano Moreira
* 1929–1931 Miguel Osório de Almeida
* 1931–1933 Eusébio Paulo de Oliveira
* 1933–1935 Arthur Alexandre Moses
* 1935–1937 Álvaro Alberto da Mota e Silva
* 1937–1939 Adalberto Menezes de Oliveira
* 1939–1941 Inácio Manuel Azevedo do Amaral
* 1941–1943 Arthur Alexandre Moses
* 1943–1945 Cândido Firmino de Melo Leitão
* 1945–1947 Mario Paulo de Brito
* 1947–1949 Arthur Alexandre Moses
* 1949–1951 Álvaro Alberto da Mota e Silva
* 1951–1965 Arthur Alexandre Moses
* 1965–1967 Carlos Chagas Filho
* 1967–1981 Aristides Pacheco Leão
* 1981–1991 Maurício Peixoto
* 1991–1993 Oscar Sala
* 1993–2007 Eduardo Krieger
* 2007–2016 Jacob Palis Jr.
* 2016– Luiz Davidovich

### Notable members

ABC has a distinguished array of national and international members, among them:
* Alain Meunier
* Alfred Maddock
* Alvaro Penteado Crosta
* Amir Ordacgi Caldeira
* Antonio Galves
* Aziz Nacib Ab'Saber
* Carl Djerassi
* Carlos Henrique de Brito Cruz
* Charles D. Michener
* Chen Ning Yang
* Chintamani Nagesa Ramachandra Rao
* Claude Cohen-Tannoudji
* Constantino Tsallis
* Crodowaldo Pavan
* D. Allan Bromley
* David Goldstein
* David Henry Peter Maybury-Lewis
* Edmundo de Souza e Silva
* Eduardo Moacyr Krieger
* Eduardo Oswaldo Cruz
* Ernst Wolfgang Hamburger
* Harold Max Rosenberg
* Henry Taube
* Jayme Tiomno
* Jean-Christophe Yoccoz
* Jens Martin Knudsen
* João Lucas Marques Barbosa
* John Campbell Brown
* José Goldemberg
* José Leite Lopes
* Liu Hsu
* Luiz Pinguelli Rosa
* Marcia C. Barbosa
* Marco Antonio Zago
* Marcos Moshinsky
* Maurício Rocha e Silva
* Mayana Zatz
* Mildred S. Dresselhaus
* Nicole Marthe Le Douarin
* Nivio Ziviani
* Norman Ernest Borlaug
* Nuno Alvares Pereira
* Oscar Sala
* Oswaldo Frota-Pessoa
* Peter H. Raven
* Pierre Gilles de Gennes
* Ricardo Renzo Brentani
* Richard Darwin Keynes
* Richard Williams
* Sérgio Henrique Ferreira
* Simon Schwartzman
* Stanley Kirschner
* Stefan Laufer
* Wilhelm Hasselbach [de]
* Walter S. Leal
* Warwick Estevam Kerr
* William Sefton Fyfe
# Megalocaria

Megalocaria is a genus of ladybird beetles in the family Coccinellidae. There are at least three described species in Megalocaria, found in South and Southeast Asia.

## Species

These three species belong to the genus Megalocaria:
* Megalocaria dilatata (Fabricius, 1775)
* Megalocaria fijiensis (Crotch, 1874)
* Megalocaria tricolor (Fabricius, 1787)