OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Amsterdam coronation riots

The Amsterdam coronation riots (Dutch: Kroningsoproer) refers to major violence and rioting in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, on the day of the accession of Queen Beatrix, 30 April 1980. It was one of the biggest episodes of such disturbances in the country since the end of World War II and the most significant event of the Dutch squatters' movement (Krakersrellen).

## Background

Since the 1960s and the 1970s, squatting had become common in Amsterdam to protest the city's shortage of housing. Many of the protesters were young people of the baby boomer generation. The 1980 riots were preceded by the Afrikaanderwijk riots in 1972, Nieuwmarkt Riots in 1975 and the Vondelstraat Riots in March 1980, when authorities heavily responded to evict squatters from properties in the city.
On 31 January, Queen Juliana announced that she would abdicate in favour of her eldest daughter, Princess Beatrix, on 30 April.

## Riots

Beatrix ascended the throne on 30 April 1980, and squatters started to riot. The protesters were rallying under the slogan Geen woning, geen kroning (No housing, no coronation). Due to the presence of 10,000 police officers, gendarmes and some military officers, the event turned into a major clash. The riots were centred around the Dam Square, where the new Queen's inauguration took place. Clashes also happened in and around Blauwbrug, Rokin and Vondelstraat.
One of the protesters, Karel Fassotte, claimed in an interview that apart from squatters, people taking part included ordinary students and football hooligans.
It marked a milestone in the mostly peaceful post-war history of the Netherlands. 600 people were wounded in the riots.

## Aftermath

The squatters' movement had enjoyed much public support for their cause beforehand, but that was depreciated following the riots, partly because the Dutch royal family was highly popular, while the squatters had turned the day of accession into one of violence.
A new police leadership in Amsterdam started to force the evacuation of squatted buildings, including through special means.
In 2010, the Dutch parliament voted to ban squatting entirely.
# Ponte di Legno

Ponte di Legno (Camunian: Put de Lègn) is an Italian comune of 1,729 inhabitants in Val Camonica, province of Brescia, in Lombardy.

## Geography

Situated at the confluence of the two source rivers (Frigidolfo and Narcanello) of the Oglio, Ponte di Legno is the uppermost comune of Valle Camonica.

## History

The territory of the municipality of Ponte di Legno was part of the ancient Dalaunia (Dalegno), which included also the comune of Temù.
On September 27, 1917 the village was bombarded by Austrian cannons and razed to the ground in a short time.

## Monuments and places of interest
### Religious architectures

The churches of Ponte di Legno are:
* Parish of the Holy Trinity, dated 1685, though the wooden door is from 1929. Inside there are works from the workshop of Ramus.
* Church St. Appollonio in Plampezzo. It is an ancient church dating from the twelfth century, with frescoes of the thirteenth century of the hand of the painter Johannes from Volpino.

## Society
### Traditions and folklore

The scütüm are in camunian dialect nicknames, sometimes personal, elsewhere showing the characteristic features of a community. The ones which characterize the people of the comune are:
* Poia: Bòrse
* Zoanno: Gòs
* Pezzo: Benui
* Precasaglio: Berlif

## Twin towns

Ponte di Legno is twinned with:
* Recco, Italy
# David Karasek

David Karasek (born 6 October 1987 in Zurich) is a Swiss swimmer, who specialized in freestyle and individual medley events. He is a 10-time Swiss swimming champion, a multiple-time medley record holder, and a former member of the swimming team for Virginia Cavaliers under his personal coaches Mark Bernardino and Dirk Reinicke.
Karasek qualified for the men's 200 m individual medley at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, by breaking a Swiss record and eclipsing a FINA B-cut of 2:01.79 from the national championships in Zurich. He challenged seven other swimmers on the second heat, including Olympic veterans Bradley Ally of Barbados, Martin Liivamägi of Estonia, and Raphaël Stacchiotti of Luxembourg. He edged out Tunisia's Taki M'rabet to pick up a seventh spot by 0.06 of a second, lowering his own Swiss record to 2:01.35. Karasek failed to advance into the semifinals, as he placed twenty-eighth overall in the preliminaries. His personal bests include the 200 m freestyle (1:48.97) and the 400 m freestyle (3:52.64) in long course.
Karasek is a commerce graduate at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, Virginia. In February 2013, Karasek said that he is working on a master's degree of finance at the IE Business School in Madrid, Spain. He said "Other than (school), I couldn’t live in Spain, as I don’t like it much, especially the swimming. It’s just not the same as the opportunities to swim at UVA for four years. That enthusiasm is missing in Spain. They’re a little lazy and it’s just not as fun".
# Argentines in Chile

Argentines in Chile consists of mainly of immigrants and expatriates from Argentina as well as their locally born descendants. In 2022, they constituted approximately 85,202 inhabitants, making up approximately 6.5% of the population. In terms of population, the Argentines in Chile are largest Argentine community in Latin America, and one of the largest communities outside of Argentina, occupying third place only behind the United States and Spain.

## History

Argentine immigration to Chile is a long-standing phenomenon that dates back to the Independence of Chile and the time of the Army of the Andes. The first Argentines arrived when the Organization of the Republic of Chile was launched in 1823 after Independence, as were the cases of Cornelio Saavedra, Estanislao Lynch, Juan Gregorio Las Heras, Domingo Faustino Sarmiento and Bartolomé Mitre.
The largest number of arrivals of Argentine immigrants to Chile occurred in the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s. After the Revolución Libertadora in the trans-Andean country, the president of Chile, Carlos Ibáñez del Campo granted the status of political asylum to dozens of exiles.
According to the "migration profile of Chile" prepared by the International Organization for Migration, Argentine immigration is the oldest Latin American immigration in Chile, since more than 60% of the Argentine population had arrived in Chilean territory before 1995. According to A 2009 survey, 15% of Argentines arrived before 1969, 5% in the 1970s, 22% in the 1980s, 39% in the 90s and 19% after 2000. As a result of the economic and social crisis that occurred in Argentina at the end of 2001, there was a massive exodus of Argentines abroad, including Chile. Part of the emigrants to Chile were Chilean families with Chilean children born on Argentine soil.

## Notable people

* Fermín Vivaceta, architect, teacher and firefighter (born in Santiago) (Argentine citizen father).
* Benito Cerati, singer, musician and composer (born in Santiago) (Argentine father).
* Patricio Lynch, lieutenant in the Royal Navy and a rear admiral in the Chilean Navy (born in Valparaíso) (Irish-Argentine father).
* Matías Fernández, Argentine-born soccer player (born in Caballito) (Argentine mother).
* José Zapiola, musician, composer and orchestra conductor (born in Santiago) (Argentine father).
* Enriqueta Pinto, Argentine-born First Lady of Chile and the wife of President Manuel Bulnes (born in Tucumán).
# Jim Little House

The Jim Little House was a historic house on East Walnut Street, between North Front and North Second Streets, in Bradford, Arkansas. It was a T-shaped wood-frame structure, with a gable roof, novelty siding, and vernacular style. It was built in 1895, and was one of White County's few surviving 19th-century houses.
The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991. It has been listed as destroyed in the Arkansas Historic Preservation Program database.
# Goryōkaku

Goryōkaku (五稜郭, lit. 'five-point fort') is a star fort in the Japanese city of Hakodate on the island of Hokkaido. The fortress was completed in 1866. It was the main headquarters of the short-lived Republic of Ezo.

## History

Goryōkaku was designed in 1855 by Takeda Ayasaburō, a scholar of Dutch. He studied the fortified cities of Europe in the early modern period to design a fort that could protect against battles using guns and cannons. It took nearly seven years for the construction. The fortress was completed in 1866, two years before the collapse of the Tokugawa shogunate. It is shaped like a five-pointed star. This allowed for greater numbers of gun emplacements on its walls than a traditional Japanese fortress, and reduced the number of blind spots where a cannon could not fire.
The fort was built by the Tokugawa shogunate, he ordered Takeda Ayasaburō to design the fort for the purpose of protecting Tsugaru Strait. It became the capital of the Republic of Ezo, a state that existed only in 1869. It was the site of the last battle of the Boshin War between the Republic and the Empire of Japan. The fighting lasted for a week (June 20–27, 1869).

## Park

Today, Goryōkaku is a park declared as a Special Historical Site, being a part of the Hakodate city museum and a citizens' favorite spot for cherry-blossom viewing in spring.
# Amin Ahmed

Amin Ahmed NPk, MBE (Bengali: আমিন আহমদ; 1 October 1899 – 5 December 1991) was a jurist and chief justice of the Dacca High Court during the Pakistan era.

## Early life and education

Amin Ahmed was born on 1 October 1899 in the village of Ahmadpur in Sonagazi, Feni, then part of the Noakhali district of the Bengal Presidency. His father, Abdul Aziz, was a civil servant. In 1913, he graduated from Chittagong Municipal High School. He has a B.A. in economics from Presidency College, Calcutta. He then completed a master's degree in economics. He completed another B.A. in economics and a Bachelor of Laws from University of Cambridge. He was then called to the Gray's Inn and in 1924 became a Barrister-at-Law.

## Career

Amin joined the Calcutta High Court bar after returning from London. He then joined Calcutta University Law College as a professor of law. He was appointed temporary judge of the Presidency Small Causes Court in 1929. His position was made permanent in 1932 and also worked as Kolkata's Chief Rent and Rate Controller of the Premises and Hotels. In 1947, he was appointed a Judge in the Calcutta High Court.
After the Partition of India, Amin joined the Dhaka High Court and would be chief justice of Dhaka High Court in 1954. He retired in 1959. He served as the President of the Muslim Marriage Registrars’ Association, Bengal Veternarary College Committee, and Dhaka Club.
Amin was awarded the title of Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) by the British Government of India, and Hilal-e-Pakistan (Crescent of Pakistan) by the Pakistan Government for his meritorious services.

### Writings

Amin Ahmed delivered the Kamini Kumar Memorial Law lecture on the topic Judicial Review of Administrative Action in Pakistan which was held in University of Dhaka on 9–11 February 1970. Later the lecture was published as a book. He wrote an autobiography; titled A Peep into the Past.
He gave the inaugural speech at the Pakistan Philosophical Congress in 1954. Ahmed also gave speech on various occasions like the Annual Dinner of the Chittagong District Bar Association in 1964, the inaugural ceremony of the New Dacca High Court Building on 24 March 1968 and the Bar Dinner at Hotel Intercontinental, Dacca on 19 January 1974. He addressed as president, Pakistan United Nations Association (East Zone, Dacca) on the occasion of its silver jubilee in 1970.

## Personal life

He had 6 daughters (Shameem, Nessima Hakim, Uzra Husain, Nazneen, Najma, Jarina Mohsin) and one son, Aziz Ahmed. His second daughter, Nessima was married to Justice Maksum-ul-Hakim, Justice of Bangladesh Supreme Court. He was the father-in-law of Bangladeshi diplomat Tabarak Husain, who married his daughter Uzra Husain.
His grandchild, Tariq ul Hakim, is also a Dhaka High Court justice.

## Death and legacy

He died in Dhaka on 5 December 1991. Chief Justice of Bangladesh Surendra Kumar Sinha told judges to follow the example of Amin Ahmed on his 25th death anniversary in 2016. The Justice Amin Ahmed Gold Medal is given by Justice Amin Ahmed Trust.
# Bourneville, Eure

Bourneville (French pronunciation:) is a former commune in the Eure department in Normandy in northern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Bourneville-Sainte-Croix.
# Belarus national baseball team

The Belarus national baseball team is the national baseball team of Belarus. The team competed in the bi-annual European Baseball Championship. In reaction to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, WBSC Europe excluded Belarusian teams from all its competitions for both national and club teams to be held in Europe in 2022.

## Tournament results

European Youth Baseball Championship
* 2007 : 7th
European Juveniles Baseball Championship
* 2006 : 6th
# John E. Henderson

John Earl Henderson (January 4, 1917 – December 3, 1994) was an American lawyer, jurist, and politician of the Republican Party who served three terms in the United States House of Representatives from 1955 to 1961.

## Biography

Henderson was born on January 4, 1917, at Crafton, Pennsylvania. He moved to Cambridge, Ohio, in 1920, and moved to a dairy farm in nearby Guernsey County in 1922. He attended the schools of Guernsey County, and high school at Cambridge. He graduated from the Ohio Wesleyan University at Delaware, Ohio, in 1939 and from the University of Michigan Law School at Ann Arbor, Michigan, in 1942.

### Military service

He joined the United States Army as a private in 1942, and rose to captain of infantry after service in Europe. He was discharged in 1946 and commenced practice in Cambridge.

### Congress

Henderson was elected to the Ohio House of Representatives from 1951 to 1954, and elected as a Republican to the 84th through 86th Congresses, (January 3, 1955 – January 3, 1961). Henderson voted in favor of the Civil Rights Acts of 1957 and 1960.

### Later career

He was not a candidate for re-nomination in 1960, and resumed law practice in Cambridge. He was a judge of the Guernsey County Court of Common Pleas from 1980 to 1986, and resided in Cambridge until his death on December 3, 1994.
His remains were interred at Northwood Cemetery in Cambridge.
# Bonily Khongmen

Kabonmili Timungpi later known as Bonily Khongmen (25 June 1912 – 17 March 2007) was an Indian politician belonging to the Indian National Congress. She was Assam's first female Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha, the first karbi person and was also among the first woman Indian politician in the Indian National Congress Party in the then North-East India. She was elected to the Lok Sabha, lower house of the Parliament of India from the Autonomous District constituency Assam in 1952. She was a member of the 1st Lok Sabha.She was also the Deputy Speaker in Assam assembly.

## Early life and career

Kabonmili Timungpi (Khongmen) was the first among karbi who have passed Metric in 1926 then, 1928-29 in Intermediate Arts(IA), first BA, MA among karbis, she completed her BA in 1932, and 1935 - 36 completed her MA in Shillong Meghalaya. Shen studied at Welsh Mission Girls' High School, Shillong, and Diocesan College, Calcutta. Between 1932 and 1946, she worked in education, as headmistress of Golaghat Girls' School (1932–33), Assamese Girls School, Shillong (1935-1940), and Lady Reid School, Shillong (1940-1946).

### Political career

In 1946, Mrs. Kabonmili Timungpi (Khongmen) participated in the provincial elections to the Assam legislative assembly, contesting and winning the Shillong reserved seat, which was then part of Assam. She was subsequently elected as the Deputy Speaker of the Assembly, the first woman to serve in that position. Khongmen contested the first Lok Sabha election in 1951 from the Autonomous District constituency of Assam. She won the election with 54% of the vote, defeating Wilson Reade of the KJD who was runner-up with 30% of the votes. She also represented as delegate of the Indian republic in the UNO, in 1955, at 10th Gereral Council of United Nation. After her loss in the 1957 general election, the Assam Government appointed her as a member of the Assam Public Service Commission (APSC) and was elevated to the post of Chairperson in 1963. She was the first woman to become the Chairperson of APSC. After retiring as APSC Chairperson, she was also appointed as a Member of the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) in 1963. She was the first person from the North East to become a member of UPSC. After her retirement from UPSC in 1970, She was also appointed as the First chairman of Kohima public Service Commission, in 1970-1973 and also the Chairman of Nagaland Sallary Commission in 1973-1975.

### Other career

After serving as an MP in the first Lok Sabha, Kabonmili Timungpi (Khongmen) served as the first female Chairperson of the Assam Public Service Commission.

## Personal life

She played the violin, and took an interest in spinning and weaving clothes, collecting books, gardening, reading, and knitting.
# Wilcox Formation

The Wilcox Formation is a geologic formation in Vermont that is part of the Holly Mountain Complex. It is exposed within the western parts of Mendon and Shrewsbury, Vermont. The type locality of the Wilcox Formation lies on the slopes south of Cold River of the eponymous Wilcox Hill and on northwest slope of Mendon Peak.
The Wilcox Formation consists primarily of dark-gray to brownish-gray, muscovite rich, chlorite-quartz schist. The schist is locally interbedded with either beds of chlorite-spotted, vitreous quartzite too small to map or prominent beds of vitreous quartzite as much as 10 meters (33 ft) thick. This formation has a distinctive shredded, schistose appearance because of closely-spaced foliation and rusty-weathering cleavage. Elsewhere within the Wilcox Formation, thin beds of white graphite-dolomite marble, and retrograded deep-orange-to tan-weathering dolomite are common. At the type locality on Wilcox Hill and on the slopes south of Cold River, the schist contains pods of aplitic gneiss and veins rich in tourmaline.
# Gerald Thomas

Gerald Thomas (10 December 1920 – 9 November 1993) was an English film director, best known for the long-running Carry On series of British film comedies.

## Biography

Born in Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire, England, Thomas was educated in Bristol and London, and was training in medicine when World War II began. He served four years in the British Army during the war, and upon his return to civilian life thought it too late to continue his medical studies.
He began his movie career at Denham Studios, eventually becoming an assistant film editor beginning with Laurence Olivier's Hamlet (1948). His editing work included many films directed by his older brother, Ralph Thomas. His directorial debut was the short film Circus Friends (1956), produced by the Children's Film Foundation. His first feature was the thriller Time Lock the following year.
Beginning with the farcical military comedy Carry On Sergeant (1958), Thomas directed all 30 films in the Carry On series of British comedies, produced by Peter Rogers, ending with Carry On Emmannuelle (1978) and the belated Carry On Columbus (1992). Additionally, he directed the framing sequences of the compilation film That's Carry On! (1977). Other works as a director include the comedy Please Turn Over (1959) and a drama of post-war Austria, The Second Victory (1986).

## Personal life

Thomas was married, and the couple had three daughters. He died at home of a heart attack. Thomas's nephew is the film producer Jeremy Thomas. He is commemorated with a green plaque on The Avenues, Kingston upon Hull.

## Films directed

* Circus Friends (1956)
* Time Lock (1957)
* The Vicious Circle (1957)
* The Duke Wore Jeans (1958)
* Carry On Sergeant (1958)
* Chain of Events (1958)
* The Solitary Child (1958)
* Please Turn Over (1959)
* Carry On Nurse (1959)
* Carry On Teacher (1959)
* Watch Your Stern (1960)
* No Kidding (1960)
* Carry On Constable (1960)
* Carry On Regardless (1961)
* Raising the Wind (1961)
* The Iron Maiden (1962)
* Twice Round the Daffodils (1962)
* Carry On Cruising (1962)
* The Iron Maiden (1963)
* Nurse on Wheels (1963)
* Carry On Cabby (1963)
* Carry On Jack (1963)
* Carry On Spying (1964)
* Carry On Cleo (1964)
* The Big Job (1965)
* Carry On Cowboy (1966)
* Carry On Screaming (1966)
* Don't Lose Your Head (1966)
* Follow That Camel (1967)
* Carry On Doctor (1968)
* Carry On... Up the Khyber (1968)
* Carry On Camping (1969)
* Carry On Again Doctor (1969)
* Carry On Up the Jungle (1970)
* Carry On Loving (1970)
* Carry On Henry (1971)
* Carry On at Your Convenience (1971)
* Bless This House (1972)
* Carry On Matron (1972)
* Carry On Abroad (1972)
* Carry On Girls (1973)
* Carry On Dick (1974)
* Carry On Behind (1975)
* Carry On England (1976)
* Carry On Emmannuelle (1978)
* The Second Victory (1987)
* Carry On Columbus (1992)
# Gottfried Kottmann

Gottfried "Göpf" Kottmann (15 October 1932 – 6 November 1964) was a Swiss rower and bobsledder who competed from the mid-1950s until his death by drowning shortly after his second Olympic appearance in 1964.

## Biography

Kottmann, born 1932 in Zürich, started rowing aged 13 with Belvoir Ruderclub in his home city. For several years, he rowed with Rolf Streuli and various coxswains in the coxed pair event. They won the European Rowing Championships in 1954 in Amsterdam, in 1955 in Ghent, and came second in 1956 in Bled. They had qualified for the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne but Switzerland was one of four countries to boycott the Games over the Soviet invasion of Hungary. At the 1958 European Rowing Championships in Poznań, Kottmann and Streuli won bronze.
At the 1959 European Rowing Championships in Mâcon, Kottmann won a gold medal in the coxless four event. Two of the four rowers remained part of the coxless four that went to the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, where they came sixth.
Kottmann won a bronze medal in the four-man bobsleigh event at the 1960 FIBT World Championships in Cortina d'Ampezzo.
In 1963, Kottmann won the Diamond Challenge Sculls (the premier singles sculls event) at the Henley Royal Regatta, rowing for Belvoir RC.
At the 1964 European Rowing Championships in Amsterdam, he competed in single sculls and came in sixth place. Two months later competing at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, he won a bronze medal in the single sculls event.
He drowned in the Rhine at Rüdlingen while taking part in a military exercise as a diver.