OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Blue-ribbon committee

In the United States, a blue-ribbon committee (or panel or commission) is a group of exceptional people appointed to investigate, study or analyze a given question. Blue-ribbon committees generally have a degree of independence from political influence or other authority, and such committees usually have no direct authority of their own. Their value comes from their ability to use their expertise to issue findings or recommendations which can then be used by those with decision-making power to act.

## Appointment and composition

A blue-ribbon committee is often appointed by a government body or executive to report on a matter of controversy. It might be composed of independent scientific experts or academics with no direct government ties to study a particular issue or question, or it might be composed of citizens well known for their general intelligence, experience and non-partisan interests to study a matter of political reform. The "blue-ribbon" aspect comes from the presentation of the committee as the "best and brightest" for the task; the appointment of such a committee, ad hoc, is meant to signal its perspective as outsiders of the usual process for study and decisions.
The designation "blue-ribbon" is often made by the appointing authority, and may be disputed by others who might see the committee as less independent, or as a way for an authority to dodge responsibility.

## Examples

Examples of high-level blue-ribbon committees in the United States would be the Warren Commission investigating the Kennedy Assassination, the 9/11 Commission investigating the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, the Iraq Study Group assessing the Iraq War and the Clinton Administration's White House Task Force on National Health Care Reform. In each case, the committee did not have authority to indict or legislate, and their brief was to investigate and issue a report on the facts as they found them with recommendations for changes for government policy in the future. The current Blue Ribbon Panel on "sustaining America's diverse fish & wildlife resources" emphasizes incentives of industries, businesses and landowners to aid in conservation funding to prevent species from being added to the endangered species list.

## Usage

The term has leaked into official usage. From January 29, 2010, to January 2012, the U.S. had a Blue Ribbon Commission on America's Nuclear Future. There are other government and private commissions with "Blue Ribbon Commission" in their names. These and others are often referred to simply as "the Blue Ribbon Commission" or "the blue ribbon commission", creating the potential for confusion.
# HMS Ardent (1782)

HMS Ardent was a Royal Navy 64-gun third rate. This ship of the line was launched on 21 December 1782 at Bursledon, Hampshire. She disappeared in 1794, believed lost to a fire and explosion.

## Career

In 1784 she was under the command of Captain Harry Harmood, serving as a guard ship at Portsmouth.
In 1793 she was under the command of Captain Robert Manners Sutton, sailing with Vice-Admiral Lord Hood at Toulon in August. She was part of a force detached under Robert Linzee to take part in the attack on Corsica in September.

## Fate

In April 1794 Ardent was stationed off the harbour of Villa Franca, to watch two French frigates. It is presumed that she caught fire and blew up. Berwick encountered some wreckage while cruising in the Gulf of Genoa in the summer that suggested fire and an explosion. A part of Ardent's quarterdeck with some gunlocks deeply embedded in it was found floating in the area, as was splinter netting driven into planking. No trace was ever found of her crew of 500.
# Märta Ekström

Märta Valborg Ekström (28 January 1899 – 23 January 1952) was a Swedish stage and film actress.

## Selected filmography

* Charles XII (1925)
* Ingmar's Inheritance (1925)
* The Doctor's Secret (1930)
* The Two of Us (1930)
* Unga hjärtan (1934)
* John Ericsson, Victor of Hampton Roads (1937)
* Katrina (1943)
* The Emperor of Portugallia (1944)
# HMS Sampson (1781)

HMS Sampson was a 64-gun third rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched on 8 May 1781 at Woolwich.
She was hulked in 1802 and broken up in 1832.
# HMS Lenox (1758)

HMS Lenox was a 74-gun third rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched on 25 February 1758 at Chatham Dockyard.
She was sunk as a breakwater in 1784.
# Spanish ship San Miguel (1773)

San Miguel was a 74-gun ship of the line of the Spanish Navy, launched in 1773.
She was captured by the Royal Navy in October 1782, during the Great Siege of Gibraltar and commissioned as the third rate HMS San Miguel.
A large number of RN ships and British Army units stationed at Gibraltar shared £30000 in bounty and prize money for the destruction of the Floating Batteries before Gibraltar on 13/14 September 1782 and the capture of the San Miguel on 11 October 1782.
She was sold out of the navy in 1791.
# Chamber No. 9

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| RapReviews | 7.5/10 |
| Underground Hip Hop | 6/10 |
Chamber No. 9 is the fifth studio album by American rapper and Wu-Tang Clan member Inspectah Deck. It was released on July 12, 2019, through Traffic Entertainment. It features guest appearances by Cappadonna, Streetlife, Trife Diesel, Hellfire and Mz. Geminii. Production was handled by Boo Bundy and Danny Caiazzo.

## Background

On May 16, 2019, Inspectah Deck announced he was working on a new album.
On July 12, 2019, he released his first studio album since March 2010, entitled Chamber No. 9. The same day, he released the first single of the album entitled "Game Don’t Change".

## Track listing

Credits adapted from Tidal.
# Osteoglossum

Osteoglossum is a genus of fish in the family Osteoglossidae. They reach about 1 m (3.3 ft) in length and are restricted to freshwater habitats in tropical South America.
These predators mostly feed on arthropods like insects and spiders, but may also take small vertebrates such as other fish, frogs, lizards, snakes, mice, bats and small birds. They jump up to 2 m (6.6 ft) out of the water to pick the prey off branches, tree trunks or foliage, which has earned them the local name "water monkeys". They are the largest fish in the world that catch most of their food out of water. When breeding, the male protects the eggs and young by carrying them in the mouth.
They are sometimes kept in aquariums, but they are predatory and require a very large tank.

## Species

There are two species:
| Image | Scientific name | Common Name | Distribution |
| | Osteoglossum bicirrhosum Cuvier (ex Vandelli), 1829 | Silver arowana | Amazon, Essequibo and Oyapock basins |
| | Osteoglossum ferreirai Kanazawa, 1966 | Black arowana | Rio Negro basin, including the Branco River |
# HMS Devonshire (1692)

HMS Devonshire was an 80-gun third rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched at Bursledon on 5 April 1692.
She was rebuilt at Woolwich Dockyard in 1704, but was destroyed in action in 1707 during the Battle at The Lizard on 21 October.
# HMS Chester (1691)

HMS Chester was a 50-gun fourth rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched 21 March 1691. She was ordered on 20 March 1690 to be built at Woolwich Dockyard by Master Shipwright Joseph Lawrence - on the same day as her stable-mate Centurion (to be built at Deptford Dockyard), and six days after the first ship of this batch (the Chatham to be built at Chatham Dockyard) - to a similar design to the prototype of this "123-ft" type - the Sedgemoor of 1687. She was launched on 21 March 1691 (15 days after the Centurion and 30 days before the Chatham).
She was captured by the French 56-gun privateer Jason at the Battle at The Lizard on 21 October 1707.
# Lincoln Township, O'Brien County, Iowa

Lincoln Township is a township in O'Brien County, Iowa, United States.

## Geography

Lincoln Township is bordered by Hartley Township on the east, Franklin Township to the west, Center Township to the south, and Osceola County, Iowa to the north. Its total area is 35.5 square miles, and its elevation is 1,530 feet. Floyd River runs through the township, and Waterman Creek is the main drainage outlet.

## Demographics

As of the 2020 census, the population of Lincoln Township was 195. Of those, 189 were white, one was black, one was some other race, and four were two or more races. As of the 2019 American Community Survey, eight residents were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

## History

Lincoln Township was formed out of part of Waterman Township after its population grew and it became necessary to divide the township. In April 1878, the board of supervisors of O'Brien County created Lincoln Township, and the first elections were held in September of that year. House File 390, which officially established Lincoln Township, was passed by the Iowa House of Representatives in 1886. The first settlers moved to Lincoln Township from Hardin County, Iowa, in 1870. In 1881, the population of the township was 36; in 1885, 53; and in 1914, around 185. A branch of the Burlington, Cedar Rapids and Northern Railway used to run through the northwest part of the township, with a station at Plessis.

## Government

Lincoln Township is represented in the United States House of Representatives by Republican Randy Feenstra of Iowa's 4th congressional district. It is represented in the Iowa Senate by Republican Lynn Evans of District 3, and in the Iowa House of Representatives by Republican Zach Dieken of District 5. In the O'Brien County Board of Supervisors, Lincoln Township is represented by Timothy Overmire of District 1. As of February 2024, the township clerk was Harv Westerman, and the township trustees were Tom Gonnerman, Joel Wright, and Glen Van Meeteren.

## Education

Lincoln Township is in the Hartley–Melvin–Sanborn Community School District.
# HMS Colchester (1694)

HMS Colchester was a 50-gun fourth rate ship of the line of the English Royal Navy, ordered to be built by commercial contract by Sir Henry Johnson on 16 November 1693 (along with her sistership, the Romney - the contract for both ships was signed on 23 February 1694), and both ships were launched at the contractor's Blackwall Yard on 23 October 1694. The Colchester was commissioned on 10 December 1694 under Captain Frederick Weighman, for service in the West Indies.
She was wrecked in a storm - while on passage from Ireland to Plymouth - at Whitesand Bay, Sennen Cove, Cornwall on 16 January 1704 with the loss of approximately 170 lives including the captain (David Wavell).
# Spanish ship Conquestador (1755)

Conquestador was a 60-gun ship of the line of the Spanish Navy, launched in 1758.
She was captured by the Royal Navy on 13 August 1762, and commissioned as the fourth rate HMS Conquestador. She was placed on harbour service in 1775, and broken up in 1782.
# HMS Firm

Eight ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Firm or Firme.
* The French ship, La Ferme captured in 1702, was renamed HMS Firm for the Royal Navy and given to Russia in 1713.
* HMS Firm (1759), a 60-gun fourth-rate ship of the line, launched on 15 January 1759. She served as a prison hulk at Portsmouth from 1784, until broken up in 1791.
* HMS Firm (1794), a 16-gun floating battery, primarily based at Sheerness, launched in 1794 and disposed of in 1803.
* HMS Firm (1804), a 12-gun Archer-class gun-brig, launched in 1804, and wrecked off the coast of France on 28 June 1811.
* HMS Firme (1805), formerly the 74-gun Spanish ship Ferme captured at the battle of Cape Finisterre (1805), which served as a prison hulk at Plymouth until sold in 1814.
* HMS Firm (1855), a mortar vessel, launched on 1 March 1855, renamed Mortar Vessel 11 later that year, and disposed of in 1858.
* HMS Firm (1856), a gunboat in service until sold in 1871
* HMS Firm (1879), a Forester-class 2nd class gunboat, launched in 1879, and stationed at Queensferry up to 1890.

## Citations

* ↑ "British Third Rate ship of the line 'Firm' (1702)". threedecks.org. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
# Lauren Ashley Simmons

Lauren Ashley Simmons is an American politician who is a member of the Texas House of Representatives for the 146th district
Simmons unseated incumbent Shawn Thierry in the 2024 Democratic primary runoff. Simmons is the mother of two children.
# Concord International Indoor

The Concord International Indoor was a men's ILTF affiliated indoor tennis tournament founded in 1967. Also known as the Concord Indoor Invitational, it was played at the Concord Resort Hotel, Kiamesha Lake, New York, United States until 1968 when it was discontinued.
The facilities at this venue included four indoor tennis courts, and up to six in total.

## Finals
### Singles

| Year | Winners | Runners-up | Score |
| 1967 | Arthur Ashe | Thomas Koch | 6–3, 2–6, 6–2. |
| 1968 | Arthur Ashe | Jan Leschly | 6–3, 15–13 |
# Solanco High School

Solanco High School is a midsized, rural, public secondary school located in southern Lancaster County in Pennsylvania, United States. It is a part of the Solanco School District. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, in the 2018–2019 school year, the school reported an enrollment of 1,056 pupils in grades 9th through 12th.

## Extracurriculars

Solanco School District offers a variety of clubs, activities and an extensive sports program.

### Sports

The district funds:

## Notable alumni

* Bryan Cutler, Class of 1993. Politician
* Don Wert, Class of 1956. Professional baseball player, Detroit Tigers.
* Šarūnas Jasikevičius, Class of 1994. Professional basketball player and coach, the 2005 Israeli Basketball Premier League MVP.
# Justin Simon (politician)

Justin Simon is an Antiguan United Progressive Party politician, who was appointed as the Attorney General of Antigua and Barbuda on 26 March 2004. Justin Simon was also an ex officio member of the House of Representatives.
# Solanum douglasii

Solanum douglasii is a North American species of plant in the family Solanaceae known by the common name greenspot nightshade.

## Description

Solanum douglasii is a perennial herb or subshrub approaching 2 metres (6+1⁄2 ft) in maximum height. The stem is coated in short, white hairs. The leaves may be up to 9 centimetres (3+1⁄2 in) long and have smooth or toothed edges.
The inflorescence is an umbel-shaped array of flowers with star-shaped white corollas up to a centimeter wide. There are generally green spots at the bases of the corolla lobes. The yellow anthers are a few millimeters in length. Flowers may be seen blooming throughout much of the year.
The fruit is a spherical black berry up to 1 cm (1⁄2 in) wide.

## Distribution and habitat

It is native to the northern half of Mexico and the southwestern south-central United States. Its habitat includes scrub and woodland.

## Uses

Many species in the genus are toxic. Native Americans used the juice of the berries medicinally, and the Luiseño used it as dye for tattooing.
# List of German people of Lebanese descent

This is a list of individuals of Lebanese ancestry who are born, grew up and/or live in Germany. The list does not include Libo-Palestinians (List of German people of Palestinian descent)

## Athletes

Combat sport
* Mo Abdallah [de], multiple World Champion in kickboxing
* Mey Alasadi [de], former multiple German Champion in karate
* Bachir Maroun [de], kickboxer
* Zeina Nassar - current German Champion in women’s boxing
* Khalid Taha - mixed martial artist competing in the UFC
Football
* Mohammad Baghdadi
* Omar Bugiel
* Ihab Darwiche [de]
* Karim Darwich
* Hilal El-Helwe
* Issa Issa
* Bilal Kamarieh
* Reda Khadra - German Under-18 National Team player
* Khaled Mohssen
* Hassan Oumari
* Joan Oumari
* Bilal Aziz Özer
* Mahmout Najdi
* Munier Raychouni
* Feiz Shamsin
* Amin Younes - German National Team player
* Daniel Zeaiter
Rest
* Benjamin Hassan - Tennis player

## Models

* Amina Sabbah - beauty queen and model

## Cinema

* Myrna Maakaron - Actress, Filmmaker and Writer

## Musicians

Rapper
* MC Bilal [de]
* Tony D [de]
* Elmo [de]
* Hamad 45 [de]
* Jamule
* King Khalil [de]
* MoTrip
* Baba Saad
* Samra
* Zuna
Rapper and singer
* Mudi [de]
* Moe Phoenix [de]
Singer
* Akay [de] - pop and R&B singer, entrepreneur and manager of Kollegah
* Rabih Lahoud [de] - jazz musician
* Fady Maalouf - DSDS Finalist 2008
* Rola - R&B and pop singer
* Tarééc - R&B singer

## Actors

* Hassan Akkouch
* David A. Hamade [de]
* Imad Mardnli [de]
* Margit Saad
* Raymond Tarabay [de]

## Directors

* Imad Karim [de] - TV films & documentations

## Scientists

* Hassan Naim - biochemist
* Bilal Ibrahim : OPHTHALMOLOGIST: Founder of Alpha Augenzentrum, He has received many awards for his contributions in his field

## Publicist

* Ralph Ghadban [de]

## Television

* Aline Abboud - journalist and TV presenter
# Țibănești

Țibănești is a commune in Iași County, Western Moldavia, Romania. It is composed of eight villages: Glodenii Gândului, Griești, Jigoreni, Răsboieni, Recea, Țibănești, Tungujei, and Vălenii.
The commune is located in the southern part of Iași County, 46 km (29 mi) southwest of the county seat, Iași, on the border with Vaslui County.
# Tara Fortier

Tara Michele Fortier is a Canadian physicist and Project Leader in the Time and Frequency Division at National Institute of Standards and Technology. Her research considers precision optical and microwave metrology. She was elected Fellow of the American Physical Society in 2022 and awarded the SPIE Harold E. Edgerton Award in High-Speed Optics in 2023.

## Early life and education

Fortier attended Concordia University as an undergraduate student, where she majored in physics and graduated summa cum laude in 1998. Fortier was a doctoral researcher at JILA, where she developed pulsed laser systems for precision measurements. Her postdoctoral work involved a joint position between National Institute of Standards and Technology and Los Alamos National Laboratory, where she searched for violations of Einstein's laws.

## Research and career

Fortier was made a Project Leader at National Institute of Standards and Technology, where she develops optical and microwave metrology. In particular, Fortier uses phase stabilised mode-locked lasers to synthesise stable optical signals for optical clocks.
Her efforts to create optical clocks have contributed to more accurate measurements of the second. Optical clocks use atoms (e.g. ytterbium and strontium) that oscillate at very high frequencies. Her team at NIST used eight hydrogen masers to keep time when the optical clock could not function. They achieved a ytterbium-based optical clock that only lost 100 seconds over the age of the universe.

## Awards and honours

* 2004 Los Alamos National Laboratory Postdoctoral Director's Fellowship
* 2008 European Frequency and Time Forum Young Scientist Award
* 2014 Outstanding Paper from IEEE Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control Society
* 2017 and 2019 NIST Outstanding Associate Award
* 2021 Optica Fellow
* 2021 Department of Commerce Bronze Medal
* 2021 NIST-PML Excellence in Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Award
* 2021 NIST Diversity, Inclusivity and Equal Employment Opportunity Award
* 2022 American Physical Society Fellow
* 2023 SPIE Harold E. Edgerton Award in High-Speed Optics

## Select publications

* T Rosenband; D B Hume; P O Schmidt; et al. (6 March 2008). "Frequency ratio of Al+ and Hg+ single-ion optical clocks; metrology at the 17th decimal place". Science. 319 (5871): 1808–1812. doi:10.1126/SCIENCE.1154622. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 18323415. Wikidata Q34759219.
* T. M. Fortier; M. S. Kirchner; F. Quinlan; et al. (26 June 2011). "Generation of ultrastable microwaves via optical frequency division". Nature Photonics. 5 (7): 425–429. arXiv:1101.3616. doi:10.1038/NPHOTON.2011.121. ISSN 1749-4885. Wikidata Q59473807.
* A D Ludlow; T Zelevinsky; G K Campbell; et al. (14 February 2008). "Sr lattice clock at 1 x 10(-16) fractional uncertainty by remote optical evaluation with a Ca clock". Science. 319 (5871): 1805–1808. arXiv:0801.4344. Bibcode:2008Sci...319.1805L. doi:10.1126/SCIENCE.1153341. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 18276849. Wikidata Q39834721.
# Kabát (disambiguation)

Kabát is a hard rock band hailing from Teplice, Czech Republic.
Kabát or Kabat may also refer to:

## People

* Carl Kabat (1933–2022), American Catholic priest and anti-nuclear activist
* Dušan Kabát (1944–2022), Slovak association football player
* Elvin A. Kabat (1914–2000), American biomedical scientist
* Geoffrey Kabat, American cancer epidemiologist
* Greg Kabat (1911–1994), running back in the Canadian Football League
* Jindřich Kabát (1953–2020), Czech psychologist, professor, and politician
* Jon Kabat-Zinn (born 1944), Professor of Medicine Emeritus at the University of Massachusetts Medical School
* Péter Kabát (born 1977), Hungarian football player

## Places

* Kabat, Kerman, a village in Kerman Province, Iran
* Kabat, Kermanshah, a village in Kermanshah Province, Iran
* Kabat, South Khorasan, a village in South Khorasan Province, Iran
# Armenians in the Netherlands

Armenians in the Netherlands (Dutch: Armeniërs in Nederland; Armenian: Հոլանդահայեր, romanized: Holandahayer), also Dutch Armenians (Nederlandse Armenen) or Armenian Dutch (Armeense Nederlanders), are the ethnic Armenians living in the Netherlands. The number of Armenians living in the country is around 40.000, according to the Armenian ambassador.

## History

Armenian and Dutch interactions are believed to have started in the 13th and 14th centuries, when Dutch merchants arrived in Cilicia and Armenian trading houses opened in the Low Countries. Armenians brought into the Low Countries carpets, dyes, cotton, and spices from Armenia and from around the world.
Apart from the contemporary Armenian community spread out over the Netherlands, there had been an independent Armenian community concentrated in Amsterdam during the 17th and 18th centuries.
Many Armenian merchants in Amsterdam went to Southeast Asia in the 19th century to trade, and to set up factories and plantations, establishing a community of Armenians in Java.
The Napoleonic wars put an end to the Armenian life in the Netherlands. The city of Amsterdam was almost depopulated after its occupation by the French. In 1713 the city of Amsterdam permitted the Armenians to erect a church of their own. After serving its purpose for about a century and a half, this edifice was closed because of the dwindling of its congregation. In 1874, by order of the Catholicos of Echmiadzin, the building was sold for 10,000 florins, which was transmitted to him. It is probable that the Armenian community assimilated into the wider Dutch nation during the 19th century.
Armenians arrived in the Netherlands from Indonesia (the former Dutch Indies in the 1950s), Turkey (1970s), Lebanon (1970s), Iran (1980s), Iraq (early 1990s), Russia and Armenia (1990s).

## Community

The largest group of Armenians arrived from Turkey (Diyarbakir and Şırnak) in the 1970s as guest workers in chain migration, finding employment in textile plants in Almelo and Hengelo.
Currently most Armenians live in the major urban centres in the western part of the Netherlands: Amsterdam, Dordrecht, The Hague, Leiden and Rotterdam. Armenian church services are held in Amsterdam, Maastricht and Almelo.

## Notable people

* Gago Aroetjunjan – kickboxer and Muay Thai fighter
* Sahak Parparyan, kickboxer and Muay Thai fighter
* Biurakn Hakhverdian – water polo player, olympic gold medalist and former captain of the Dutch national junior water polo team
* Stephanie Tency, crowned Miss Universe Netherlands 2013 and represented her country at the Miss Universe 2013
* Karapet Karapetyan, kickboxer
* Gegard Mousasi, mixed martial artist
* Aras Özbiliz, football player