OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Muricanthus nigritus

Muricanthus nigritus, the Northern Radix or Black-and-White Murex or Black Murex, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails. It is commonly known as the black murex shell.

## Distribution

The black murex shell is commonly found in the Gulf of California (Sea of Cortez), in the Western Mexico.

## Habitat

These sea snails can be found in the intertidal and subtidal waters, with sand and gravel substrate, at depths up to 60 m.

## Description

Shells of Muricanthus nigritus can reach a length of 75–200 millimetres (3.0–7.9 in). These large shells are black and white with black or dark brown stripes. The shell surface bears short spikes around the body whorl and spire. The aperture is porcelaneous white.
This species is quite similar to Hexaplex radix. The shells of these two species mainly differ in the length, width and in the proportion of black versus white. Moreover, shells of H. nigritus are more oblong and show more spines in black.

## Biology

These sea snails feed primarily on clams.
# Ole Haugsrud

Oluf Roy Haugsrud (May 13, 1899 – March 13, 1976) was an American sports executive. Haugsrud was born in Superior, Wisconsin.
Haugsrud was owner of the Duluth Eskimos of the National Football League (NFL) in the late-1920s. His signing of Ernie Nevers and having the Eskimos barnstorm, is credited as helping grow the league at critical time. He later sold the team back to the NFL. Part of the deal was that he would have first rights to any future NFL team in the state of Minnesota. Though he passed on a stake in the Minneapolis Red Jackets in 1929, when the NFL expanded to Minneapolis–Saint Paul in January 1960, Haugsrud was given 10% ownership. He remained part owner of the Minnesota Vikings until his death in 1976. Haugsrud was the senior nominee for the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1973. He was not elected.
The Vikings name and team colors are the same as Haugsrud's high school, Central High School in Superior. The Vikings secondary logo that is still in use is a modified version of Central's original logo.
There was a field in Superior, Wisconsin called Ole Haugsrud Field. The University of Wisconsin–Superior football team played there until the team went out of existence in the mid-1990s. The Superior High School Spartans played there until 2014 (when the high school's new stadium opened).
# Art Souterrain

Art Souterrain (otherwise known as underground art) is a non-profit organization which exhibits artworks in Montreal's underground city.

## History

The organization was founded in Montreal in 2009 by Frederic Loury who is the owner and founder of Galerie [sas]. Art Souterrain took first place in 2009 during the eighth edition of the Nuit Blanche, an activity part of Montreal High Lights Festival. For one night the public was welcomed to walk through Montreal's underground city and see over 80 artists' projects, including video (Video art), Performance art, Photography and Installation art. In the 2010 and 2011 editions, the projects remained the next two weeks after the Nuit Blanche.
In May 2010, Art Souterrain also participated to the Expo 2010 in Shanghai, China. At the expo 15 projects created by artists from Quebec were presented in a shopping center.
In 2010, Art Souterrain was given the award Best Event in Montreal City's Downtown by the Destination Centre-ville organism.

## Description

Art Souterrain's journey begins at the Place des Arts, and continues through the Complexe Desjardins, the Complexe Guy-Favreau, Montreal's International District (Quartier international de Montréal)( the Centre CDP Capital, the World Trade Centre Montreal and the Tour de la Bourse (Stock Exchange Tower), the Place de la Cité Internationale, the Place Bonaventure, the Place Ville-Marie, the Eaton Center (Centre Eaton) and the Complexe Les Ailes.

## The artists

Notable artists who have participated:

### 2010 edition

Patrick Bérubé, Carole Baillargeon, Peter Gnass, Michael A. Robinson, Dominique Blain, Isabelle Hayeur, John Oswald, Damian Siquerios (Public's choice Award 2010), François Morelli, Yannick Guéguen, Jean-François Laporte, Mathieu Beauséjour, Isabelle Choinière, Manon de Pauw, Alana Riley.

### 2009 edition

BGL, Valérie Blass, Gwenaël Bélanger, Carlito Dalceggio, Cooke-Sasseville, Jérôme Fortin, Marc Séguin, Pascal Grandmaison.
# Michael Zander

Michael Zander, KC, FBA, (born 16 November 1932 in Berlin) is a British legal scholar. He is Professor Emeritus of Law at the London School of Economics and Political Science, and the author of several books known to generations of lawyers and law students alike. Professor Zander was a member of the Royal Commission on Criminal Justice (1991–1993). He is currently a member of the Home Office's PACE Strategy Board.

## Biography

He is the son of lawyer and scholar Walter Zander and Margarete (Gretl) Magnus. In 1937, when he was four years old, the family emigrated from Germany to England because of their Jewish background. His brother is the conductor Benjamin Zander.
After attending the Royal Grammar School, High Wycombe from 1946 to 1951, he won an Open Exhibition in English at Jesus College, Cambridge, where he took a Double First Honours Degree in Law, then obtained a First Class in the LLB and was awarded the Whewell Scholarship in International Law. Zander then took an LLM at Harvard University. For a time, he worked with the law firm of Sullivan & Cromwell on Wall Street. After his return to the United Kingdom he qualified with Ashurst Morris Crisp and then briefly practised as a solicitor. During his clerkship he was legal adviser to Tony Benn in his battle to remain in the House of Commons.
Zander joined the LSE Law Department in 1963 where he was appointed to a Chair in 1977; he was Convenor of the Law Department from 1984 to 1988 and again in 1997–98. He was appointed an Honorary Queen's Counsel in 1997 and was elected a Senior Fellow of the British Academy in 2005. Professor Zander retired from the LSE in 1998.
For twenty-five years, from 1963 to 1988, he was Legal Correspondent of The Guardian newspaper, for which he wrote some 1,400 articles. He has frequently broadcast on radio and television, commenting on legal issues.
In 2010, Zander was awarded the Honorary Degree of Doctor of Laws by King's College, London. The citation stated: "He has devoted a long and active career to the study, teaching, practice and improvement of the law, and has made outstanding contributions in both the academic and public spheres. There is no greater authority in the fields to which he has devoted himself: criminal procedure, civil procedure, legal system, legal profession and legal services. ... The central mission of his professional life has been to make the justice system work better."
In 2015, he received the Halsbury Lifetime Contribution Award. (These awards were established in 2013. In that year it went to Sir Sydney Kentridge KCMG, QC. In 2014 it went to Lord Judge, Lord Chief Justice 2008–13.)

## Selected publications

* Lawyers and the Public Interest (1968)
* Legal Services for the Community (1978)
* A Matter of Justice (1989)
* The Crown Court Study (1993)
* A Bill of Rights? (4th ed.1997)
* The State of Justice (2000)
* The Law-Making Process (7th ed., 2015)
* The Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (7th ed.2015)
* Cases and Materials on the English Legal System (10th ed., 2007)
# Jordan Village Historic District

Jordan Village Historic District may refer to:
* Jordan Village Historic District (Waterford, Connecticut), listed on the NRHP in Connecticut
* Jordan Village Historic District (Jordan, New York), listed on the NRHP in Onondaga County, New York
# Mosedale Horseshoe

The Mosedale Horseshoe is a celebrated mountain walk around Mosedale in the English Lake District: starting at Wasdale Head, it includes Kirk Fell, Yewbarrow, Red Pike, Scoat Fell, and Pillar. It is a circular walk of 22.5 kilometres (14.0mi) with a total ascent of 1,150 metres (3,770ft).
Shorter versions can be made by omitting Yewbarrow and Kirk Fell, at start and finish, and (perhaps) the summit of Scoat Fell.

## Wainwright's warning

Alfred Wainwright placed the round among his dozen best lakeland ridge walks; but also warned that the full version was "an exhilarating mountain marathon for experienced fellwalkers only".
# Open water swimming at the 2024 European Aquatics Championships – Men's 5 km

The Men's 5 km competition at the 2024 European Aquatics Championships was held on 13 June.

## Results

The race was started at 09:00.
| Rank | Swimmer | Nationality | Time |
| | Dávid Betlehem | Hungary | 53:28.3 |
| | Marc-Antoine Olivier | France | 53:28.7 |
| | Marcello Guidi | Italy | 53:30.8 |
| 4 | Sacha Velly | France | 53:32.9 |
| 5 | Athanasios Kynigakis | Greece | 53:35.0 |
| 6 | Kristóf Rasovszky | Hungary | 53:36.7 |
| 7 | Andrea Filadelli | Italy | 53:38.4 |
| 8 | Niklas Frach | Germany | 53:39.3 |
| 9 | Vincenzo Caso | Italy | 53:45.3 |
| 10 | Marin Mogić | Croatia | 54:53.8 |
| 11 | Alejandro Puebla | Spain | 54:59.8 |
| 12 | Christian Schreiber | Switzerland | 55:09.6 |
| 13 | Arshak Hambardzumyan | Hungary | 55:11.7 |
| 14 | Noah Lerch | Germany | 55:15.4 |
| 15 | Paul Niederberger | Switzerland | 55:16.2 |
| 16 | Diogo Cardoso | Portugal | 55:16.2 |
| 17 | Guillem Pujol | Spain | 55:16.5 |
| 18 | Adam Mróz | Poland | 55:19.4 |
| 19 | Jean-Baptiste Clusman | France | 55:19.9 |
| 20 | Piotr Woźniak | Poland | 55:20.3 |
| 21 | Jonas Kusche | Germany | 55:20.3 |
| 22 | Mario Méndez | Spain | 55:30.1 |
| 23 | Ioannis Skaris | Greece | 57:19.7 |
| 24 | Claudio Lorenzetti | Switzerland | 57:20.1 |
| 25 | Martin Straka | Czech Republic | 57:21.6 |
| 26 | Patrick Eremija | Croatia | 59:45.5 |
| 27 | Théo Druenne | Monaco | 59:47.2 |
| 28 | Nikola Simić | Serbia | 1:01:07.0 |
| 29 | Tomáš Peciar | Slovakia | 1:03:48.5 |
# Muricauda aquimarina

Muricauda aquimarina is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming and slightly halophilic bacterium from the genus of Muricauda. which has been isolated from a salt lake near the beach of Hwajinpo in Korea.
# Armenia, El Salvador

Armenia is a municipality in the Sonsonate department of El Salvador. It was founded by Spaniards and a small group of Armenians, with a significant number of indigenous people living there when Europeans arrived. According to the official census of 2007, it has a population of 34,912 inhabitants.

## History

The City of Armenia in Sonsonate, El Salvador, was founded by Spanish colonizers during the period of colonization in Latin America. Specific details about the founders may not be available, but in general, the region's cities were established by Spanish expeditions and colonizers in the 16th and 17th centuries. The arrival and establishment of the Armenian community in that region, the founders of Armenia in Sonsonate, El Salvador, were mainly Armenian and Spanish immigrants, who are of European origin, specifically from the Caucasus region in Eurasia and Galicia (Spain). Although Armenians and Spaniards were an important community in the founding of Armenia, Sonsonate, there was also a presence of indigenous people in the region, given the colonial history of El Salvador. The mixture of different communities contributed to the cultural diversity in the formation of the town.
The name of this town was originally "Guaymoco" in ancient Pipil dialect of Nahuat and means "the oratory of the frogs".

## Sports

The local professional football clubs are named C.D. Salvadoreño and Rácing Junior and they both currently play in the Salvadoran Third Division.
# Naruse

Naruse (written: 成瀬 or 鳴瀬) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Eimi Naruse (成瀬 瑛美), Japanese idol and voice actress
* Hiromu Naruse (成瀬 弘, 1944–2010), Japanese test driver and engineer
* Masayuki Naruse (成瀬 昌由, born 1973), Japanese professional wrestler
* Mia Naruse (成瀬 未亜, born 1978), Japanese voice actress
* Mikio Naruse (成瀬 巳喜男, 1905–1969), Japanese film director, screenwriter and producer
* Nobu Naruse (成瀬 野生, born 1984), Japanese cross-country skier
* Shuhei Naruse (鳴瀬 シュウヘイ), Japanese musician and composer
* Shumpei Naruse (成瀬 竣平, born 2001), Japanese footballer
* Yoshihisa Naruse (成瀬 善久, born 1985), Japanese baseball player
* Robert Naruse (born 1956), American Physician and Professor of Anesthesiology
# Jordan Walker

Jordan Walker may refer to:
* Jordan Walker (baseball) (born 2002), American baseball player
* Jordan Walker (basketball) (born 1999), American basketball player
* Jordan Walker (politician) (born 1982/1983), Canadian politician
* Jordan Walker-Pearlman (born 1967), American film director
* Jordan Walker, one-half of country duo Walker McGuire
# Nicholas of Bar

Nicholas of Bar (died 16 May 1310) was the bishop of Mâcon from 1286 until his death.
According to a posthumous document, Nicholas was the "son of Poncetus of Bar in the diocese of Tulle". His obituary in the register of his alma mater, however, gives his namesake as Bar-le-Duc. Given family connections to Lorraine there can be no doubt that the latter is correct. His uncle was Cardinal Geoffroy de Bar, who secured his appointment by Pope Honorius IV as bishop in 1286.
Nicholas died on 16 May 1310. An alumnus of the College of Sorbonne, he was a rich man at his death who left the college eighteen manuscripts plus all his possessions in the diocese of Paris. Although he intended that one professor and two students should be sustained on his bequest, this was reduced to only a single student of his own family or else from Lorraine.
One of the manuscripts he gave to the Sorbonne is the original manuscript of Thomas of Ireland's Manipulus florum, which the author had given him. It is now Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, lat. 15985. Another is that collection of 170 quodlibetal disputations that he commissioned. The first six questions in this collection are anonymous and may be from Nicholas' own disputation. They probably date to 1285–1286. The manuscript, now Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, lat. 15850, probably dates from before 1303–1304.
# Mosedale Beck

Mosedale Beck may refer to:
* Mosedale Beck (Wast Water), river in Cumbria, England, entering Wast Water and thence River Irt
* Mosedale Beck (Glenderamackin), river in Cumbria, England, tributary of River Glenderamackin, and thence River Greta, River Derwent
* Mosedale Beck (Swindale), river in Cumbria, England, tributary of Swindale Beck, and thence River Lowther, River Eden
# KBZZ

KBZZ may refer to:
* KBZZ (AM), a radio station (1270 AM) licensed to serve Sparks, Nevada, United States
* KZTQ (AM), a radio station (1230 AM) licensed to serve Reno, Nevada, which held the call sign KBZZ from 2018 to 2019
* KCIL, a radio station (96.7 FM) licensed to serve Gray, Louisiana, United States, which held the call sign KBZZ-FM from 2000 to 2007
* KBLJ, a radio station (1400 AM) licensed to serve La Junta, Colorado, United States, which held the call sign KBZZ until 1999
# Open water swimming at the 2024 European Aquatics Championships – Men's 10 km

The Men's 10 km competition at the 2024 European Aquatics Championships was held on 12 June.

## Results

The race was started at 12:00.
| Rank | Swimmer | Nationality | Time |
| | Gregorio Paltrinieri | Italy | 1:49:19.6 |
| | Marc-Antoine Olivier | France | 1:49:41.0 |
| | Dávid Betlehem | Hungary | 1:49:41.2 |
| 4 | Domenico Acerenza | Italy | 1:49:41.2 |
| 5 | Dario Verani | Italy | 1:49:41.5 |
| 6 | Hector Pardoe | Great Britain | 1:49:45.3 |
| 7 | Athanasios Kynigakis | Greece | 1:49:46.2 |
| 8 | Niklas Frach | Germany | 1:49:48.7 |
| 9 | Kristóf Rasovszky | Hungary | 1:49:53.8 |
| 10 | Sacha Velly | France | 1:49:57.3 |
| 11 | Jonas Kusche | Germany | 1:50:16.8 |
| 12 | Jan Hercog | Austria | 1:50:25.7 |
| 13 | Matan Roditi | Israel | 1:50:46.4 |
| 14 | Tobias Robinson | Great Britain | 1:52:27.4 |
| 15 | Logan Vanhuys | Belgium | 1:53:11.8 |
| 16 | Guillem Pujol | Spain | 1:53:12.7 |
| 17 | Piotr Woźniak | Poland | 1:53:22.3 |
| 18 | Noah Lerch | Germany | 1:53:55.1 |
| 19 | Diogo Cardoso | Portugal | 1:53:58.6 |
| 20 | Adam Mróz | Poland | 1:53:59.0 |
| 21 | Jean-Baptiste Clusman | France | 1:54:17.9 |
| 22 | Alejandro Puebla | Spain | 1:57:12.6 |
| 23 | Christian Schreiber | Switzerland | 1:57:31.0 |
| 24 | Martin Straka | Czech Republic | 1:57:57.6 |
| 25 | Ioannis Skaris | Greece | 1:58:25.2 |
| 26 | Matěj Kozubek | Czech Republic | 1:58:33.6 |
| 27 | Yonatan Ahdut | Israel | 2:01:14.0 |
| 28 | Ziv Cohen | Israel | 2:03:54.2 |
| 29 | Richard Urban | Slovakia | 2:12:39.1 |
# Conditioned satiety

Conditioned satiety is one of the three known food-specific forms of suppression of appetite for food by effects of eating, along with alimentary alliesthesia and sensory-specific satiety. Conditioned satiety was first evidenced in 1955 in rats by the late French physiologist professor Jacques Le Magnen. The term was coined in 1972 by professor David Allenby Booth. Unlike the other two sorts of stimulus-specific satiety, this phenomenon is based on classical conditioning but is distinct from conditioned taste aversion (CTA) in its dependence on internal state towards the end of a meal.

## Description of the phenomenon

Conditioned satiety is thought to be acquired when a food with a given flavour is eaten on a partly full stomach and followed promptly by a mildly aversive digestive event ("bloat"). However, it is uncertain if and how this phenomenon may occur under real-life conditions as normally more than food of one given flavor is ingested during a meal. It has been widely misunderstood as an association of the sensory properties of a food with its energy content (calories) or carbohydrate content. However that is a confusion with the conditioning of simple aversion or a contrast with simple conditioned preference. Conditioned satiety has only been evidenced in experiments with rats, monkeys or humans when a flavour and fullness together have been paired with concentrated maltodextrin. When a whole meal of concentrated maltodextrin is eaten without changing its flavour, only the conditioning of preference for the flavour early in the meal is seen. Rats, monkeys and people can learn conditioned satiety within one or two pairings although in the first experiments the rats needed several days to adapt their intakes because the test food was aversively flavoured or textured. The particularity of conditioned satiety is that the time lapse between intake (and thus sensory stimulation) and the aversively conditioning after-effect is much shorter (less than 15 minutes) than that feasible for the conditioning of simple aversion to taste, odour or texture by poisoning, which can occur with a delay in postabsorptive effects of 12 or more hours.
# Mary O'Hara (TV series)

Mary O'Hara was an early Australian television series which aired in 1960 and likely ended the same year. Information on this series is scarce. It was produced by and aired on ATN-7 (it is not clear if it aired on other stations in Australia). As the title suggests, it was hosted by popular Irish singer and harpist Mary O'Hara, who performed in each episode. The episodes ran between 10 and 15 minutes. Episodes were directed by Terrence Hughes. 12 of the episodes are held by National Film and Sound Archive.
# Arthun

Arthun (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Loire department in central France.
# Arpaderesi, Sur

Arpaderesi is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Sur, Diyarbakır Province in Turkey. Its population is 140 (2022).
# Union Valley

Union Valley may refer to the following places:
* Union Valley, New Jersey, an unincorporated community in Middlesex County
* Union Valley, Texas, a city in Hunt County
* Union Valley, Kaufman County, Texas, an unincorporated community
* Union Valley Elementary School, a public school in Erial, New Jersey
* Union Valley Reservoir, a reservoir in El Dorado County, California
# Balgöze, Posof

Balgöze is a village in the Posof District, Ardahan Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Gelturan tribe and had a population of 216 in 2021.
# Mezo Basa

Mezo Basa is a village in Kohima district of Nagaland state of India. The total population of the village is about 285.
# Municipal year

The municipal year is a period used by local government in the United Kingdom. The municipal year usually begins in May, following any local elections. It is not a fixed date so the number of days in any municipal year varies.

## History

The municipal year has been in use as a concept since at least 1555, and has also been used – very occasionally – by town councils in the United States, though much less so now.
The start of the municipal year follows any local elections taking place that year. Some councils have elections every four years whereas others have elections on three years out of four, with a third of seats contested at each election.
Historically, in England the beginning of a new municipal year took place in November when the local authorities elections took place, and was a traditional time for celebration and festivities. In Newcastle-under-Lyme in the 19th century, the election was known as Mayor-choosing day, or clouting-out day, and was – according to one contemporary source, "the very Saturnalia of play." Large-scale street games were played by children (imprisonment and subsequent rescue, or "clouting out", with knotted ropes, of young people was the source of the name), and the free distribution of apples and penny coins were also customs. In the Irish city of Galway, in the Middle Ages, the newly appointed or -elected officers would, by convention, provide an enormous feast for the town's "more distinguished citizens", while others took to the streets and made merry.
The Representation of the People Act 1948 changed the time of local elections to April for county councillors and May for borough councillors.

## Function
### England and Wales

The Local Government Act 1972 Section 99 requires that an annual meeting must take place between 8 and 21 days of the election of councillors, and outside of election years the annual meeting can take place on any day in March, April or May.
Section 23 (1) requires that "the election of the chairman shall be the first business transacted at the annual meeting of a principal council". Vice-chairmen are also elected by the councillors. The chairman and vice-chairman of a borough in England, and a county borough in Wales, is known as mayor (spelt maer in Welsh) and deputy mayor (dirprwy faer in Welsh). In councils with directly-elected mayor executive arrangements, a chairman or civic mayor is elected by the councillors in the same way.
During the rest of the year the council can hold as many meetings as are required.
# Mildella

Mildella is a genus of ferns in the subfamily Cheilanthoideae of the family Pteridaceae. Species are native to Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean.

## Species

The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I) placed seven species in the genus, although recognizing that the genus was then not monophyletic, since the New and Old World species belonged in different clades. As of December 2019, the Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World placed only two New World species in the genus:
* Mildella fallax (M.Martens & Galeotti) G.L.Nesom
* Mildella intramarginalis (Kaulf. ex Link) Trevis.
The Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World placed former Mildella species in the genus Oeosporangium:
* Mildella henryi (Christ) C.C.Hall & Lellinger = Oeosporangium nitidulum
* Mildella mairei (Brause) C.C.Hall & Lellinger = Oeosporangium mairei
* Mildella nitidula (Wall. ex Hook.) C.C. Hall & Lellinger = Oeosporangium nitidulum
* Mildella paupercula (Christ) C.C.Hall & Lellinger = Oeosporangium pauperculum
* Mildella smithii (C.Chr.) C.C.Hall & Lellinger = Oeosporangium smithii
* Mildella straminea (Ching) C.C.Hall & Lellinger = Oeosporangium stramineum