OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mafic

A mafic mineral or rock is a silicate mineral or igneous rock rich in magnesium and iron. Most mafic minerals are dark in color, and common rock-forming mafic minerals include olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, and biotite. Common mafic rocks include basalt, diabase and gabbro. Mafic rocks often also contain calcium-rich varieties of plagioclase feldspar. Mafic materials can also be described as ferromagnesian.

## History

The term mafic is a portmanteau of "magnesium" and "ferric" and was coined by Charles Whitman Cross, Joseph P. Iddings, Louis V. Pirsson, and Henry Stephens Washington in 1912. Cross' group had previously divided the major rock-forming minerals found in igneous rocks into salic minerals, such as quartz, feldspars, or feldspathoids, and femic minerals, such as olivine and pyroxene. However, micas and aluminium-rich amphiboles were excluded, while some calcium minerals containing little iron or magnesium, such as wollastonite or apatite, were included in the femic minerals. Cross and his coinvestigators later clarified that micas and aluminium amphiboles belonged to a separate category of alferric minerals. They then introduced the term mafic for ferromagnesian minerals of all types, in preference to the term femag coined by A. Johannsen in 1911, whose sound they disliked.

## Minerals

The term mafic is still widely used for dark-colored ferromagnesian minerals. Modern classification schemes, such as the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) classification of igneous rocks, include some light-colored ferromagnesian minerals, such as melilite, in the mafic mineral fraction. Accessory minerals, such as zircon or apatite, may also be included in the mafic mineral fraction for purposes of precise classification.

## Rocks

When applied to rocks, the term mafic is used primarily as a field term to describe dark-colored igneous rocks. The term is not used as a rock classification in the IUGS classification scheme. Mafic rocks are sometimes more precisely defined as igneous rocks with a high proportion of pyroxene and olivine, so that their color index (the volume fraction of dark mafic minerals) is between 50 and 90. Most mafic volcanic rocks are more precisely classified as basalts.
Chemically, mafic rocks are sometimes defined as rocks with a silica content between 45 and 55 wt%, corresponding to the silica content of basalt in the TAS classification. Such rocks are enriched in iron, magnesium and calcium and typically dark in color. In contrast, the felsic rocks are typically light in color and enriched in aluminium and silicon along with potassium and sodium. The mafic rocks also typically have a higher density than felsic rocks. The term roughly corresponds to the older basic rock class.
Mafic lava, before cooling, has a low viscosity, in comparison with felsic lava, due to the lower silica content in mafic magma. Water and other volatiles can more easily and gradually escape from mafic lava. As a result, eruptions of volcanoes made of mafic lavas are less explosively violent than felsic-lava eruptions.
# The Garden of Knowledge

The Garden of Knowledge is an illustrated manuscript of the collection of stories in the Persian about the love between the fictional Mughal Prince Jahandar Shah and his queen Bahrewar Banu, originally written by Inayatullah Kambu in the 17th-century and titled the Bahar-i Danish (or The Springtime of Knowledge), that was published in 1784.
The original author, Inayatullah Kambufrom, was a scholar, writer, and poet who lived in 17th-century India. His work is structured as a frame narrative, similar to One Thousand and One Nights. In addition to the main plot there are many fantastic tales within the work.
The 1784 manuscript was acquired for the collection of Stanisław Kostka Zamoyski in 1803 in London by English orientalist William Ouseley. In 1944, it was taken by Germans to Goerbitsch, from where the Russians transported it to Moscow. It returned to Poland in 1958 and entered the collection of the National Library of Poland. From May 2024, the manuscript is presented at the permanent exhibition in the Palace of the Commonwealth.
# Amanat (surname)

Amanat is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Abbas Amanat (born 1947), Iranian-American historian
* Agha Hasan Amanat (1815–1858), Urdu poet, writer and playwright
* Hossein Amanat (born 1942), Iranian-Canadian architect
* Omar Amanat, American businessman
* Shafqat Amanat Ali (born 1965), Pakistani classical singer
* Sana Amanat, American comic book creator and editor
# Narayanpur, Mainpuri

Narayanpur (Nārāyanpur) is a village in Mainpuri block of Mainpuri district, Uttar Pradesh, India. As of 2011, it had a population of 4,400, in 728 households.

## Demographics

As of 2011, Narayanpur had a population of 4,400, in 728 households.$^{:107}$ This population was 53.9% male (2,371) and 46.1% female (2,029). The 0-6 age group numbered 625 (327 male and 298 female), or 14.2% of the total population. 347 residents were members of Scheduled Castes, or 7.9% of the total.$^{:88–9}$
The 1981 census recorded Narayanpur as having a population of 2,361 people, in 374 households.$^{:144–5}$
The 1961 census recorded Narayanpur as comprising 6 hamlets, with a total population of 1,561 people (855 male and 706 female), in 285 households and 200 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 1,182 acres.$^{:lxxviii}$

## Infrastructure

As of 2011, Narayanpur had 3 primary schools; it did not have any healthcare facilities. Drinking water was provided by hand pump and tube well/borehole; there were no public toilets. The village had a post office and public library, as well as at least some access to electricity for all purposes. Streets were made of both kachcha and pakka materials.$^{:107–12}$
# Thomas County Courthouse (Kansas)

The Thomas County Courthouse, located at 300 N. Court in Colby, is the seat of government of Thomas County, Kansas. The courthouse was built from 1906 to 1907 and replaced the county's original courthouse. Architect James C. Holland designed the courthouse in the Richardsonian Romanesque style. The front of the courthouse has a five-story clock tower with a Seth Thomas clock; the main entrance to the building is located in a Syrian arch at the bottom of the tower. A projecting wing is located on each side of the tower; the wings each have three windows on every story and a hipped roof with a dormer.
The courthouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 21, 1976.
The statuary in front, Spirit of the Prairie, was added to celebrate the city's centenary (1985). It was sculpted by Charlie Norton of nearby Leoti, Kansas.
# Mario Artali

Mario Artali (18 November 1938 – 1 January 2023) was an Italian businessman and politician. A member of the Italian Socialist Party, he served in the Chamber of Deputies from 1972 to 1976.
Artali died in Milan on 1 January 2023, at the age of 84.
# J. Darius Bikoff

John Darius Bikoff (born September 21, 1961) is an American entrepreneur, founder and CEO of Energy Brands.

## Early life

He was born to an American father from Brooklyn and an Iranian Jewish mother. His father, William, was the owner of a real estate management company and was also a metals importer.
In 2007, Bikoff sold Energy Brands to The Coca-Cola Company for $4.1 billion. This deal earned Bikoff personally $325 million. The brand is known mostly for the product VitaminWater.

## Personal life

J. Darius and Jill Bikoff were married in 2003 and have two children. He owns a four-bedroom, 2 bathroom apartment condo in New York City.
# 1988 Southern Cross Classic

The 1988 Southern Cross Classic was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts in Adelaide in Australia and was part of Tier V of the 1989 WTA Tour. The tournament ran from 28 November through 4 December 1988. The winner of the Singles category was Jana Novotná from The Czech Republic and the winners of the Doubles category were Sylvia Hanika and Claudia Kohde-Kilsch from Germany.

## Finals
### Singles

Jana Novotná defeated Jana Pospíšilová 7–5, 6–4
* It was Novotná's 7th title of the year and the 11th of her career.

### Doubles

Sylvia Hanika / Claudia Kohde-Kilsch defeated Lori McNeil / Jana Novotná 7–5, 6–7, 6–4
* It was Hanika's only title of the year and the 4th of her career. It was Kohde-Kilsch's 2nd title of the year and the 30th of her career.
# Thierno Aliou Diallo

Thierno Aliou Diallo is a Guinean politician who represents the constituency of Labé, in the National Assembly (Guinea). He is a member of the Majority Rally of the Guinean People Party of former president Alpha Conde.
# Marc Silver

Marc Silver is a British filmmaker. He is known for directing Who is Dayani Cristal? (2013), featuring Gael García Bernal, which won a cinematography award at the 2013 Sundance Film Festival, and 3/12 Minutes, 10 Bullets (2015), which won a Special Jury Award at the 2015 Sundance Film Festival.
# Mala Pisanica

Mala Pisanica is a village in the municipality Veliki Grđevac, Bjelovar-Bilogora County in Croatia.

## Demographics

According to the 2021 census, its population was only 142.
According to the 2001 census, there were 222 inhabitants, in 75 of family households.
# Md Mosharraf Hossain Bhuiyan

Md Mosharraf Hossain Bhuiyan is the ambassador of Bangladesh to Germany. He is a former Chairman of the National Board of Revenue.

## Early life

Bhuiyan did his undergrad and masters in Social Sciences at the University of Dhaka. He has a masters in Development Economics from Williams College.

## Career

Bhuiyan joined the Bangladesh Civil Service as an Audit and Accounts Cadre on 30 January 1981.
Bhuiyan was appointed secretary of the Bridges Division in the Ministry of Communications in February 2010. He was appointed Chairman of Bangladesh Economic Zones Authority in November 2011. In January 2013, he was suspended after he was arrested in the Padma Bridge graft scandal case.
On 3 January 2018, Bhuiyan became the Senior Secretary of the Internal Resources Division.
Bhuiyan retired as a senior secretary on 3 January 2020.
On 2 October 2020, Bhuiyan was appointed ambassador of Bangladesh to Germany.
# Newton Liu

Newton Liu or Liu Yaochang (traditional Chinese: 劉堯昌; simplified Chinese: 刘尧昌; Wade–Giles: Liu Yao-chʽang; 1900–1977) was an Anglican Bishop in China. He was consecrated Bishop of Shensi in the Church of the Holy Nativity Wuchang on 28 October 1947.
# Main road 45 (Hungary)

The Main road 45 is a north-south direction Secondary class main road in the Tiszántúl (Alföld) region of Hungary, that connects the Main road 44 change to the Main road 47, facilitating access from Kunszentmárton to Hódmezővásárhely. The road is 53 km long.
The road, as well as all other main roads in Hungary, is managed and maintained by Magyar Közút, state owned company.

## Sources

* ↑ Magyarország, autóatlasz 1:200.000, Honvédelmi Minisztérium Térképészeti Kht., ISBN 978-963-257-087-7.
# Toronia

Toronia is a genus of tree in the family Proteaceae that contains a single species, Toronia toru, which is endemic to New Zealand. The genus is closely related to the large genus Persoonia, and in fact this species was long regarded as one until placed in its own new genus by Lawrie Johnson and Barbara G. Briggs in their 1975 monograph "On the Proteaceae: the evolution and classification of a southern family".
However, phylogenetic studies indicate that Toronia is nested in the larger genus Persoonia, where it was once included.
Toronia toru is an evergreen tree found in the northern half of the North Island and is one of only two members of the protea family occurring in New Zealand.
Toronia toru grows to 7 – 11 metres and has long slender green leaves, small yellow flowers, and red to dark purple-blue fleshy fruits.
# Jacques Sigurd

Jacques Sigurd (15 June 1920, Paris – 21 December 1987, New York City) was a French screenwriter.

## Selected filmography

* All Roads Lead to Rome (1949)
* Miracles Only Happen Once (1951)
* Leathernose (1952)
* Desperate Decision (1952)
* The Lovers of Midnight (1953)
* The Lovers of Manon Lescaut (1954)
* The Beautiful Otero (1954)
* The Air of Paris (1954)
* White Cargo (1958)
# McKinnon Broadcasting

McKinnon Broadcasting Company (did business as Texas Television, Inc.) was a privately owned television broadcasting company based in San Diego, California. Michael Dean McKinnon Sr. was the company's majority owner, president, chief executive officer (CEO), and chairman of the board.
The company had exited broadcasting and media altogether after the sale of its flagship station KUSI-TV to Nexstar Media Group was completed on September 2, 2023.

## Former stations

Notes:
* (**) – indicates a station built and signed on by McKinnon.
| City of license / Market | Station | Channel | Years owned | Current status |
| San Diego, CA | KUSI-TV $^1$ | 51 | 1982–2023 | Independent station owned by Nexstar Media Group |
| Beaumont–Port Arthur, TX | KBMT | 12 | 1977–2009 | ABC and NBC affiliate owned by Tegna Inc. |
| Corpus Christi, TX | KIII ** | 3 | 1964–2010 | ABC affiliate owned by Tegna Inc. |
| Victoria, TX | KXIX ** | 19 | 1969–1976 | Fox affiliate KVCT owned by SagamoreHill Broadcasting |
* ↑ Operated through a LMA by Morgan Murphy Media.
    This list does not include KVOA-TV in Tucson, KOAT-TV in Albuquerque and KBVO-TV (now KEYE-TV) in Austin. From 1955 to 1962, KVOA-TV and KOAT-TV were owned by Alvarado Television, a separate company with Clinton McKinnon as its president. KBVO-TV (unrelated to the present-day station that serves Austin, but is licensed to Llano) was owned by the Austin Television Company from 1983 to 1995. Michael McKinnon was among the group of local investors who were part of the Austin Television Company.
Other notes:
* $^1$ McKinnon provided technical support and was a minority owner of KUSI-TV at launch; it acquired the license outright from United States International University in 1990.

## Magazines
### Former

* San Diego Home/Garden Lifestyles
# Jadran Vujačić

Jadranko "Jadran" Vujačić (Serbian Cyrillic: Јадранко Вујачић; born 27 December 1959) is a Montenegrin professional basketball coach and former player.

## Playing career

A center, Vujačić played for Partizan, Budućnost, Olimpija, Sloboda DITA, Borac Banja Luka, Borac Čačak, and Makedonija 91. He won three FIBA Korać Cup tournaments with Partizan. Vujačić retired as a player with Makedonija 91 in 1998.

## National team career

Vujačić was a member of the Yugoslavia national team that won the gold medal at the 1983 Mediterranean Games in Morocco.

## Coaching career

After retirement in 1998, Vujačić founded the Joker Basketball Academy in his hometown Podgorica, Montenegro. Professional basketball players such as Nikola Mirotić and Marko Todorović started to play basketball there.
# Mahendra Patel (politician)

Dr Patel Mahendrabhai Somabhaiis is an Indian politician from Gujarat. He is a member of the BJP. In 1998, he was elected from Aravalli district's Bayad Assembly constituency of Gujarat.
# Ngarnang Township

Ngarnang (Chinese: 阿朗; pinyin: Ālǎng) is a village and township-level division of Lhünzhub County, in the Lhasa Prefecture of the Tibet Autonomous Region of China.
# Toronto Bicycling Network

The Toronto Bicycling Network (TBN) is Toronto's largest recreational cycling organization. It was formed in 1983 by cycling enthusiasts Richard Aaron and Norm Myshok. By 1998, the TBN had grown to almost 800 members.
# Ngong Hills Wind Power Station

Ngong Hills Wind Power Station, also Ngong Hills Wind Farm, is a wind-powered power station in Kenya.

## Location

The power station is located in the northern foothills of Ngong Hills, near the town of Ngong, in Kajiado County, approximately 35 kilometres (22 mi), by road, southwest of Nairobi, the capital and largest city in Kenya. The coordinates of the power station are:1°22'51.9"S, 36°38'08.0"E (Latitude:-1.381071; Longitude:36.635542). The wind is strongest in the evening and in March, and weakest in the morning and in July, contrasting with Lake Turkana Wind Power Station.

## History

Ngong Hills Power Station was initially commissioned in 1993 with two wind turbines donated by the government of Belgium. After those two turbines were retired, the installation of new hardware led to a second commissioning in August 2009, with capacity of 5.1 MW. Beginning in 2013, Kenya Electricity Generating Company, who own and operate the wind farm and power station began adding new turbines and by 2015, when the work was completed, the power station's generation capacity had increased to 25.5 megawatts.
# Malayanil

Kanchanlal Vasudev Mehta (1892 – 24 June 1919), better known by his pen name Malayanil, was a Gujarati short story writer from British India known for his humorous pieces. He was a pioneer of modern short story writing in Gujarati.

## Biography

Mehta was born in 1892 in Ahmedabad to a Sathodara Nagar family. His father had a high-ranking position in a cotton mill. He completed his primary and secondary school education in Ahmedabad. He matriculated in 1908 and completed his BA in Science from the University of Bombay in 1912. He could not sit in on an MA in Literature examination in Bombay (now Mumbai) due to his poor health. He was interested in Sanskrit and English literature since childhood. After graduation, he worked in a matchstick factory in Ahmedabad. He passed the first year examination of LLB in 1913 and the second year examination in 1916.
He was active in his Sathodara Nagar community's reform committee. He wanted to join Gujarat Sahitya Sabha, the Gokhale Society, and the Home-rule League so he left Ahmedabad and moved to Bombay. In 1916, he took a job as a lawyer in solicitor Bhaishankar Kanga's firm.
He was interested in reading, music and painting. He married Bhanumati, then aged 12, in 1912. They lived in Bombay for a short time but returned to Ahmedabad due to his ill health.
He died on 24 June 1919 in Ahmedabad from appendicitis.

## Works

While studying for his BA in Science from 1909 to 1912, he published poems and comedic stories in various magazines such as Sundarisubodh, Vartavaridhi and Bhakt under the pen name Golmatol Sharma. When he became influenced by English literature, he started writing modern short stories under the pen name Malayanil in 1913.
Malayanil was a pioneer of modern Gujarati short story writing. He came in contact with Haji Mohammed Allarakha Shivji who encouraged him to write a short story; "Govalani" was published in Shivji's magazine Visami Sadi in 1918. It is generally considered the first modern short story in Gujarati. Critic Manoj Daru has praised the story for its humour, characterisations, theme, and plot. It is free from the contemporary style of didactic stories. His other well known short story is "Rajnu Gaj".
His short story collection Govalani Ane Biji Vato was published posthumously in 1935 by his wife Bhanumati. It includes 22 short stories written between 1913 and 1918. He also wrote about 250 poems including some humorous ones. "Puna Viramno Pashchatap" (1914) is his one-act play.
# Malak Izvor, Lovech Province

Malak Izvor is a village in Yablanitsa Municipality, Lovech Province, northern Bulgaria.
# Nicholas Snell

Nicholas Snell may refer to:
* Nicholas Snell (died 1577), MP for Chippenham, Malmesbury and Wiltshire
* Nicholas Snell (fl.1373-1388), MP for Stafford (UK Parliament constituency)
# Jack Rush

Jack Rush (born February 3, 1966, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) is an American non-fiction writer, screenwriter, and actor, who has appeared in tv shows, films, and stage plays since the early 1980s. Since then he has resided in Los Angeles, California, and coached and directed actors in a variety of media. His most recent endeavor in aiding actors is a non-fiction work entitled The Actor's Rulebook: The Essential Guide to Your Acting Career, which has attracted thousands of viewers in communities such as myspace and other social networking websites.
It is believed that Jack Rush is the author's pseudonym, which has led to some speculation over his actual identity.
# Maiwald

Maiwald or Maywald is a German language habitational surname. Notable people with the name include:
* Anna Maiwald (1990), German athlete
* Armin Maiwald (1940), German author, television director and producer
* Karlene Maywald (1961), Australian National Party politician
* Roland Maywald (1948), former German badminton player
* Willy Maywald (1907–1985), German photographer
# Torrefazione Italia

Torrefazione Italia is a high-end brand of Starbucks coffee beans sold in grocery stores. It started out as its own coffeehouse chain before being acquired by Starbucks in 2003.

## History

The first Torrefazione Italia café opened in Seattle, Washington in 1986. Espresso, coffee and baked goods were served in their cafés.
Umberto Bizzarri, Torrefazione's founder, teamed up with Stewart Brother's Coffee (later renamed Seattle's Best Coffee) founder, Jim Stewart, in the mid-1980s to create Seattle Coffee Holdings. This new company built a more modern roasterie on Vashon Island, Washington in 1995 and manufactured Seattle's Best Coffee and Torrefazione Italia Coffee. Seattle Coffee Holdings was purchased in 1998 by AFC Enterprises and renamed Seattle Coffee Company.
Torrefazione Italia expanded to other cities in North America, notably, Vancouver BC, the San Francisco Bay Area, Portland, Boston, Chicago, and Dallas. Their coffees are also wholesaled to restaurants, hotels, bakeries and cafés.
Starbucks, another Seattle-based coffee company, purchased Torrefazione Italia along with Seattle's Best Coffee in 2003. Starbucks announced in 2005 that all 17 Torrefazione Italia cafés would be closed before the end of the year, and all of the San Francisco retail locations were closed on 27 October 2005. The coffee brand has been retained, however, and the coffee is available throughout the United States in coffee shops, hotels, resorts, offices, schools, hospitals, and elsewhere.

## Products
### Whole Bean

* Perugia
* Montecatini Decaf

### Ground Portion Pack

* Napoli
* Montecatini Decaf

## Caffè Umbria

The Bizzarri family has since started another roaster and coffee chain, Caffè Umbria, which was established by third-generation roaster Emanuele Bizzarri, the son of Umberto.
# Meckelia splendens

Meckelia splendens is a species of ulidiid or picture-winged fly in the genus Meckelia of the family Tephritidae.
# Holy Family with the Infant Saint John the Baptist (Murillo)

Holy Family with the Infant Saint John the Baptist is an oil on canvas painting by Spanish artist Murillo, created c. 1668-1670, now held in the Museum of Fine Arts in Budapest.
# 1981 (disambiguation)

1981 was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar.
1981 may also refer to:
* 1981 (film), a 2009 film by Ricardo Trogi
* "1981" (song), a song by Gyroscope
* "1981", a song by Green Day, from their 2024 album Saviors
* H.R. 1981, the Protecting Children from Internet Pornographers Act of 2011
# Lucy Shelton

Lucy Shelton is an American soprano best known for her performance of contemporary music. She graduated from The Putney School in 1961 and Pomona College in 1965.
The only artist to receive the International Walter W. Naumberg Award twice (as a soloist and as a chamber musician), Shelton has performed repertoire from Bach to Boulez in major recital, chamber and orchestral venues throughout the world. A native Californian, Shelton's musical training began early with the study of both piano and flute. After graduating from Pomona College, she pursued singing at the New England Conservatory and at the Aspen Music School, where she studied with Jan de Gaetani.
Shelton has taught at the Cleveland Institute of Music, the New England Conservatory, and the Eastman School of Music. She is currently on the faculties of the Contemporary Performance Program at the Manhattan School of Music, Tanglewood Music Center, and coaches privately at her studio in New York City. She has recorded for Deutsche Grammophon, KOCH International, Marco Polo, Bridge Records, Unicorn-Kanchana and Virgin Classics.