OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Antonella Buccianti

Antonella Buccianti (born 1960) is an Italian statistician and earth scientist, known for her work on the statistics of compositional data and its applications in geochemistry and geostatistics. She is an associate professor in the department of earth sciences at the University of Florence.

## Education and career

Buccianti was born on 7 August 1960 in Florence. She earned a master's degree in stratigraphy from the University of Florence in 1988, including work done as a student with Agip, and completed a PhD at the University of Florence in 1994. She obtained a permanent research position at the university in 2001.

## Books

Buccianti is the co-author, with Fabio Rosso, Fabio Vlacci, of the three-volume Italian book Metodi matematici e statistici nelle scienze della terra (2000). She is co-editor of Compositional Data Analysis in the Geosciences: From Theory to Practice (Geological Society, 2006) and Compositional Data Analysis: Theory and Applications (Wiley, 2011).

## Recognition

Buccianti was the 2003 winner of the Felix Chayes Prize of the International Association for Mathematical Geosciences.
# John Campbell, Earl of Atholl

John Campbell, Earl of Atholl (died 1333) was a Scottish nobleman.

## Background

John, also known as Iain, was the son of Sir Neil Campbell by his wife Mary Bruce. His grandparents were Sir Cailean Mór Campbell, Afraig of Carrick, Robert de Brus, 6th Lord of Annandale and Marjorie, Countess of Carrick. In 1316 he inherited from his father the lands confiscated from David Strathbogie, and in about 1320 he was created Earl of Atholl, though Strathbogie's son also claimed the title.
He was married to Joan, former wife of Malise IV, Earl of Strathearn and daughter of Sir John de Menteith. Her paternal grandparents were Walter Bailloch and Mary I, Countess of Menteith. They had no children, so when he was killed at Halidon Hill on 19 July 1333 (one of five Scottish earls to die in the battle), his earldom became extinct. David III Strathbogie, a disinherited noble, thus claimed the Earldom of Atholl outright.
His widow Johanna Menteith, daughter of the infamous John de Menteith, later married Maurice de Moravia, Earl of Strathearn and then William de Moravia, 5th Earl of Sutherland.
# Theodor Westrin

Johan Theodor Westrin (12 January 1850 – 10 October 1928) was a Swedish archivist and editor of Nordisk familjebok.

## Biography

Theodor Westrin was born on 12 January 1850 in Stockholm to Johan Petter Westrin (1808–1876) and Amalia Bergström (1815–1901). In 1869, he began studying at Uppsala University. After graduating with a PhD degree in 1875, he worked as administrative assistant at the Swedish National Archives, where he in 1897 would be promoted to archivist.
He was co-editor of the first edition of Nordisk familjebok and sole editor of its supplement between 1880–1894 and 1895–1899 respectively. Since 1906, he was chief editor of the second edition (popularly known as Uggleupplagan, lit. 'the owl edition'). He was appointed 129th member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Letters on 5 November 1901.
He married Sigrid Maria Fransiska Silfverswärd (1860–unknown), daughter of Conrad Georg Silfverswärd (1823–1896) and Anna Christina Charlotta Schartau (1835–1919), in 1882.
# Toughmart

Tighmert is a small town and rural commune in Taroudant Province of the Souss-Massa-Drâa region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 8484 people living in 1585 households.
# Now That's What I Call Music! 22

Now That's What I Call Music! 22 may refer to at least two different "Now That's What I Call Music!"-series albums, including:
* Now That's What I Call Music! 22 (U.K. series), released in 1992
* Now That's What I Call Music! 22 (U.S. series), released in 2006
# Andrew Bickford

Admiral Andrew Kennedy Bickford CMG (16 July 1844 – 9 October 1927) was a Royal Navy officer who went on to be Commander-in-Chief, Pacific Station.

## Early life

Bickford was educated at the South Devon Collegiate School and Stubbington House School.

## Naval career

Bickford joined the Royal Navy in 1858 and took part in the action involving the Huáscar in 1877. He commanded HMS Thalia during the Anglo-Egyptian War of 1882 and became Commander-in-Chief, Pacific Station in 1900. His flagship in the Pacific was HMS Warspite until March 1902, when he hoisted his flag on board the first class cruiser HMS Grafton, and Warspite returned home. Promoted to vice admiral in 1904 and to full Admiral in 1908, he retired later that year.

## Legacy

The Bickford Tower erected at Esquimalt, British Columbia for signalling purposes in 1901 is named after him.

## Family

Bickford married Kathleen Dore on 16 April 1868 in the parish church of Queenstown (Cobh). She was the daughter of Dr. Patrick Dore of Skibbereen who had died in 1847 from lung inflammation during the Irish famine. The mortality rate amongst physicians in Ireland at this time was in the order of 25%, due to the outbreak of deadly infectious diseases contracted by many of the weakened famine victims. Kathleen's mother, Catherine Power, was the sister of Maurice Power, Member of Parliament for Cork 1847–1852.
Bickford died at his home in Hove on 9 October 1927.
# No. 221 Squadron IAF

No. 221 Squadron (Valiants) is an Indian Air Force fighter squadron and is equipped with Su-30MKI and based at Halwara Air Force Station.

## History

The squadron was established as an offensive fighter squadron on 14 February 1963 at Barrackpore. The first commanding officer was Squadron Leader N Chatrath. The squadron was subsequently equipped with Supermarine Spitfire, de Havilland Vampire and Su-7. The squadron has changed many based in the 54 years since its establishment. The Su-7 aircraft saw action in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 over Bangladesh. It also participated in the Kargil war with the Mig-23, which were retired in 2009. On 24 April 2017, Su30-MKI aircraft was inducted into the squadron with Wing Commander HS Luthra as the commanding officer. Numerous pilots from the squadron have been decorated with gallantry awards over many years of its operation.

### Assignments

* Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
* Kargil War

### Aircraft

Aircraft Types operated by 221 Squadron :
| Aircraft Type | From | To | Air Base |
| Supermarine Spitfire | May 1963 | January 1968 | AFS Barrackpore |
| de Havilland Vampire FB.52 | May 1963 | January 1968 | AFS Barrackpore |
| Su-7 | February 1968 | February 1979 | AFS Barrackpore |
| MiG-23 BN | February 1982 | April 2009 | AFS Halwara |
| Su-30 MKI | 24 April 2017 | Present | AFS Halwara |
# Andrew Chesher

Andrew Chesher, FBA (born 1948) is a British economist and the William Stanley Jevons Professor of Economics and Economic Measurement at the Department of Economics, University College London and Director of the ESRC Centre for Microdata Methods and Practice (CeMMAP) at the Institute for Fiscal Studies. He is a Fellow of the Econometric Society, Foreign Honorary Member of the American Economic Association, and Fellow of the British Academy where he chaired its Economics and Economic History Section from 2009 to 2012. Additionally, Chesher was the President of the Royal Economic Society from 2016-2018 and from 2001 to 2005 he was Chair of the Economic and Social Research Council's Research Grants Board.
He belongs to the world's foremost econometricians and his research focuses on microeconometric theory, applications of complex econometric modeling, measurement error models and limited information models. Chesher's work in econometric theory has led to many crucial developments such as methods for measuring and detecting the heterogeneity in individual responses to changes in economic variables.
Chesher graduated with a first-class degree in mathematics, economics, and statistics from the University of Birmingham in 1970. From 1971 to 1983 he lectured in economics at the same university before becoming the head of the department of economics at the University of Bristol in 1987. He lectured in econometrics at the University of Bristol until 1999, when he became a professor of economics at the University College London. In 2000, Chesher founded the Centre for Microdata Methods and Practice as a joint venture by University College London and Institute for Fiscal Studies.
Apart from his career in academia, Chesher has applied much of his theoretical work on real world problems such as highway conditions in Brazil and India which was crucial for developing the World Bank's Highway Design and Maintenance Models. Moreover, his research and modeling of marriage, fertility and labour force participation in Malaysia aided the United Nations Development Program of Malaysia's population policy in the 1990s.
# John Duns

John Duns may refer to:
* John Duns Scotus (c. 1265/66–1308), Scottish Catholic priest and Franciscan friar, university professor, philosopher, and theologian
* John Duns (minister) (1820–1909), Scottish minister and academic
# John Fortescue (Devon lawyer)

John Fortescue (died before 1436) was an English lawyer and administrator from a minor landowning family in Devon.
As his descendants rose in the world, they felt the need for a more illustrious ancestor and created a suitable hero: a knight who fought in France at the famous Battle of Agincourt in 1415, was put in command of the captured city after the Siege of Meaux in 1422, and married an heiress who was mother of his sons. These imaginary details were reproduced over the centuries, even reaching the authoritative “History of Parliament” in 1993.
In reality he lived and died as a gentleman, his only known trip abroad was a pilgrimage to Spain, and the mother of his sons was a first wife whose last name is unknown.

## Origins

Born about 1365, he was a younger son of William Fortescue, who held land at Whympston in the parish of Modbury, and his wife Elizabeth Beauchamp, who was the widow of Richard Branscombe and the daughter of John Beauchamp and his wife Margaret Whalesborough.

## Career

First appearing in the records in 1390 as a gentleman appointed to a commission enquiring into wastage in manors held by the king in Devon and elsewhere, documents in 1411 and 1412 show him carrying out a property transaction and sitting on a commission for oyer and terminer. In 1413, as steward of Edward Courtenay, Earl of Devon, he was involved in the election of the Members of Parliament for Devon. That year saw his one known journey overseas, when he obtained a safe conduct to sail on a ship commissioned at Plymouth by the earl's elder son Sir Edward Courtenay to convey pilgrims bound for Santiago de Compostela. In 1416 he served a term as escheator for the counties of Cornwall and Devon, but his main work was as an estate manager and minor legal functionary in Devon, for which before 1422 he had been admitted a member of Lincoln's Inn. In 1419, when the younger son Hugh Courtenay succeeded as earl, he was appointed as one of his stewards. He had died by 1436.

## Family

Before 1408 he was married to Clarice, whose family name is unknown, and they had three sons: Henry Fortescue, born about 1395 and died about 1460; John Fortescue, born about 1397 and died in 1479; and Richard Fortescue, born about 1400. By 1412 he and Clarice were living at Combe in the parish of Holbeton but by 1421 she was dead and he was married to Eleanor Norris, daughter of William Norris.
# Nannamoria inflata

Nannamoria inflata is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Volutidae, the volutes.
# Thomas Wight (disambiguation)

Thomas Wight was a publisher and draper.
Thomas Wight may also refer to:
* Thomas Wight (architect), partner in Wight and Wight
* Thomas Wight (Bandon) (1640–1724), Quaker
* Thomas Wight (priest), Irish priest in the 1600s
# Malgorzata Marek-Sadowska

Malgorzata ("Margaret") Marek-Sadowska is a Polish-American electronics engineer known for her research in VLSI circuit design. She is a professor emeritus of electrical and computer engineering at the University of California, Santa Barbara, a member of the university's Institute for Energy Efficiency, and the director of the VLSI CAD Lab at the university.

## Education

Marek-Sadowska attained a M.Sc. in Applied Mathematics and a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from Warsaw University of Technology.

## Career

Marek-Sadowska was an assistant professor at the Warsaw University of Technology from 1976 until 1982. In 1979, she began a visiting position at the University of California, Berkeley, continued at Berkeley as a researcher, and moved to Santa Barbara in 1990. She was editor-in-chief of IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems from 1993 to 1997, and in 1997, she was elected as a Fellow of the IEEE. She retired in 2017.
# Marion Lewis

Marion Jean Lewis OC OM FRSC (born 1925 in Windsor, Ontario) is a Canadian medical researcher, known for her work on the Rh factor and on the Duffy antigen system.

## Career

Lewis graduated from Winnipeg's Gordon Bell High School in 1943. She was trained as a medical technician at Winnipeg General Hospital. In 1944, the pediatric pathologist Bruce Chown, assisted by Lewis, opened the Rh Laboratory in Winnipeg to study and eradicate Rh disease. Their research led to effective treatments and a vaccine that prevents Rh disease.
In 1950–51, Lewis spent four months at an Italian university studying the Italian language and culture. She then spent another three months studying in London under world-renowned ‘blood groupers’ Robert Race and Ruth Sanger. In 1951, she returned to Winnipeg and the Rh lab. From 1952 and 1960, Chown and Lewis made annual trips, visiting Canadian tribal groups, including the Blackfoot and Cree, to test their blood for Rh factors. They also tested Inuit at Kugluktuk and Southampton Island and Hutterites in Manitoba.
While Chown retired in 1977, Lewis continued on in the field of blood group gene mapping and eventually branched out into the field of genetics. She and her colleagues at the Rh Laboratory, including Hiroko Kaita, became internationally renowned for their work.
In the Department of Pediatrics at the University of Manitoba's the Faculty of Medicine, Lewis was an assistant professor from 1973 to 1977, an associate professor from 1977 to 1984, and a full professor from 1984 to 1996, when she retired as professor emerita. She is the author or co-author of more than 140 articles.
On 27 June 2019, Lewis was appointed as an Officer to the Order of Canada for her contributions to the prevention and treatment of Rh disease. In 2020, Lewis was appointed as a member of the Order of Manitoba.

## Awards and honours

* 1971 — Karl Landsteiner Memorial Award of the American Association of Blood Banks (AABB)
* 1986 — honorary D.Sc. from the University of Winnipeg
* 1993 — election as a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada
* 1996 — Emily Cooley Memorial Award of the AABB
* 2019 — Officer of the Order of Canada
* 2020 — Member of the Order of Manitoba
# Andrew Billen

Andrew William Scott Billen (born 30 December 1957) is a British journalist, children's author, and staff feature writer on The Times newspaper.

## Early life

Andrew Billen was born in London on 30 December 1957 and brought up in Brentwood, Essex. He attended Brentwood School from 1965 to 1977, which at the time was still a direct grant grammar school. He gained a BA in English from Christ Church, Oxford in 1980.

## Career

Billen started on newspapers at the Sheffield Star, a daily newspaper across South Yorkshire. From 1984 he was a writer on the Times Diary for The Times and became the paper's arts correspondent in 1988. In 1989 he moved to The Observer. In 1997 he joined the London Evening Standard as chief interviewer.
He returned to The Times in 2002, where he wrote the weekly "The Andrew Billen Interview" for five years. He was the paper's main television reviewer from 2007 to 2017. For ten years up to 2007 he worked in a freelance capacity as the New Statesman′s TV critic. He later became the magazine's theatre reviewer.
In 2006 he won a prize at the Press Gazette′s Magazine Design & Journalism Awards. In 2008 he was again critic of the year in the same awards. He has been shortlisted six times for interviewer of the year in the UK Press Awards, most recently in March 2021 when he was also shortlisted for feature writer of the year. In 2020 he was shortlisted as interviewer of the year in the British Journalism Awards.
In 2022 he was presenter and reporter of a five-part Story of Our Times podcast, The Feud, about a dispute between Christ Church, Oxford and the college's dean, Martyn Percy.

## Personal life

He is married and lives in Oxford with his wife, Lucy, and two daughters, Abby and Orla.

## Publications

* Sam Johnson, The wonderful word doctor. Short Books, London.
* Who was Charles Dickens? Short Books, London, 2005. ISBN 1904977189 (republished in hardback on 5 November 2000 as The boy who invented Christmas (Short Books).)
# Jesse Boykins III

Jesse Boykins III (born February 20, 1985) is a Jamaican-American singer, songwriter, and record producer from Chicago, Illinois.

## Career

Boykins is a world soul artist originally from Jamaica, later relocating to Miami and finally Brooklyn. His first EP, Dopamine: My Life On My Back EP was released February 14, 2008 and his follow up The Beauty Created LP was released November 25, 2008 through NomaDic MuSic.
His career in music began at the age of nine when he joined his school choir. He soon began auditioning around Miami and found himself recording with various local Miami artists. In high school Boykins was invited to perform in the Grammy Jazz Ensemble and recorded an album with them.
After high school he was recruited to The New School University in New York City. At The New School, he perfected his skills as a writer, performer, arranger and producer and as a vocalist. He also studied with classical trainer Kamal Scott and Universal recording artist Bilal.
In November 2017, Boykins revealed that he was signed to Def Jam Recordings. His first album under his major label deal was a physical release of his mixtape Bartholomew, which was previously released for streaming on SoundCloud in 2016. Jesse received his first Grammy nomination for co-writing Steve Lacy's lead single Playground from his ApolloXXI album.

## Discography
### Studio albums

* The Beauty Created (2008)
* Zulu Guru (2012)
* Love Apparatus (2014)
* Bartholomew (2017)
* New Growth (2023)

### Extended plays

* Dopamine: My Life on My Back (2008)
* Way of a Wayfarer (2011)

### Writing credits

* Apollo XXI: Playground - Steve Lacy

### Guest appearances

List of non-single guest appearances, with other performing artists, showing year released and album name :
| Title | Year | Other artist(s) | Album |
| "Make Me a Fool" | 2010 | The Foreign Exchange, Median | Authenticity |
| "A Place Where Lovers Go" | 2013 | The Jet Age of Tomorrow | JellyFish Mentality |
| "Higher Times" | 2013 | The Internet | Feel Good |
| "Magic" | 2013 | Vic Mensa | Innanetape |
| "Tribe" | 2014 | Theophilus London | Vibes |
| "Heartbreak in Motion" | 2015 | Anna Lunoe | — |
| "Go" | 2015 | Donnie Trumpet & The Social Experiment, Mike Golden, Joey Purp | Surf |
| "Paradise" | 2015 | Logic | The Incredible True Story |
| "Just a Dose" | 2015 | Little Simz, Tiffany Goucheé, SiR, Isaiah Rashad, Kent Jamz | Age 101: Drop X |
| "Celestial Levels" | 2016 | Machinedrum | Human Energy |
| "Purple Tuesday" | 2017 | Rejjie Snow, Joey Bada$$ | The Moon & You |
| "Annie" | 2018 | Rejjie Snow | Dear Annie |
| "Twogether" | 2018 | Sango | In The Comfort Of |
| "You're Gonna Need It" | 2019 | Lophiile | To Forgive |
| "Wait 4 U" | 2020 | Machinedrum | A View of U |
| "INTELLIGENT DESIGN" | 2022 | Kilo Kish | AMERICAN GURL |
# Comparatio

Comparatio in classical rhetoric is strategy that uses comparison to persuade people. Comparatio relies upon people's knowledge or beliefs about a phenomenon, and then discursively "links" that phenomenon to a different phenomenon about which the speaker/writer wishes to make a claim.
For example, if someone wanted to persuade an audience of the merit of putting in a new freeway system, they could use comparatio as a rhetorical strategy. They might compare the new freeway system to a "river of life flowing through our community" or they could call it a "path to commercial vibrance."
Comparisons can also be made to phenomena about which an audience could be expected to have negative feelings. For example, if one were opposed to the new freeway because of the environmental damage it would do to waterfowl nesting areas, they might compare the new freeway to "a corridor of death for our bird species."
The rhetorical success of comparatio hinges upon comparing your claim to a phenomenon that is:
* familiar to the audience
* likely to evoke emotional feelings
* adequately similar to your claim to seem logical.
It would not, for example, work well to call the freeway a "ham sandwich lodged in the throat of the community." The freeway seems more logically related to the throat (a passageway or throughway) than an obstacle in that passageway.
# University of Kentucky Soccer Complex

The University of Kentucky Soccer Complex (or UK Soccer Complex) is a soccer-specific stadium in Lexington, Kentucky on the campus of the University of Kentucky.
The stadium, which opened in 1996, is home to Kentucky Wildcats soccer, both men's (Sun Belt Conference) and women's (Southeastern Conference). It usually seats 1,500 but can seat 3,000. The stadium served as host of the 1996 SEC Women's Soccer Tournament. The University of Kentucky has recently changed the name of their soccer complex to the Wendell and Vickie Bell Soccer Complex in the year of 2014. Its capacity can now hold up to 3,370 people. Combined with the 2011 additions of a $600,000 playing surface, a new video tower and a video board, it sets the standard for college soccer facilities.
# Lozna (Rusca)

The Lozna is a right tributary of the river Rusca in Romania. It starts at the confluence of headwaters Lozna Mare and Lozna Mică in the Poiana Ruscă Mountains. It flows into the Rusca in Rusca Montană. Its length is 16 km (9.9 mi) and its basin size is 63 km$^2$ (24 sq mi).
# Thomas Wight (Bandon)

Thomas Wight, 1640–1724, was a native of Bandon, County Cork, Ireland, and author of the first History of the Quakers in Ireland. His father was Rice Wight, Church of Ireland minister of Bandon and a son of Thomas Wight, A.M. (fl. 1619-49) also a minister and a native of Guildford, Surrey.
While a clothier's apprentice, Wight attended Quaker meeting out of curiosity. He was impressed by a speech by Francis Howgill - "Before the eye can see, it must be opened; before the ear can hear, it must unstopped; and before the heart can understand, it must be illuminated." Edward Burrough was a further influence in causing Wight to move away from the Church of Ireland to becoming a Quaker himself.
He married in 1670 and had a large family. According to the History of Bandon.
   "His increased responsibilities induced him to attend very closely to his business-which was not confined to the clothing trade alone, he being also engaged as a commission agent-and in all likelihood Wight would have been in a short time a wealthy man, had he not been providentially stopped in his sinful career by an illumination direct from heaven, which threw a great deal of light into his dark mind, causing him to reflect much, and satisfying him "that he could not be heir to two kingdoms at once." He saw his great danger, and, like a thorough Christian he flung all his worldly gains to the winds, and devoted himself entirely to the truth. Being an able scribe, he was appointed clerk to the meeting in Cork, and for the province of Munster. He was also the compiler of an historical account of The first rise and progress of the truth in this nation, which he perfected in the form of annuls, up to the year 1700."