OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Local option

A local option is the ability of local political jurisdictions, typically counties or municipalities, to allow decisions on certain controversial issues within their borders, usually referring to a popular vote. It usually relates to the issue of alcoholic beverage, marijuana sales, and now mask wearing.

## Prohibition of alcohol

As described by an encyclopedia in 1907, local option is the "license granted to the inhabitants of a district to extinguish or reduce the sale of intoxicants in their midst." A 1911 Encyclopædia describes it as "specifically used in politics of the power given to the electorate of a particular district to choose whether licences for the sale of intoxicating liquor should be granted or not." This form of "local option" has also been termed "local veto."
Local option regarding alcohol was first used in the temperance movement as a means to bring about prohibition gradually. In the 1830s, temperance activists mobilized to restrict licenses in towns and counties in New England. By the 1840s, temperance reformers demanded state laws to allow local voters to decide whether any liquor licenses would be issued in their localities. Some 12 states and territories had some form of the early local option laws by the late 1840s. Controversy over the measures gave rise to the first major confrontation in the United States over the propriety and the constitutionality of ballot-box legislation, or referendums. Opponents of local option, which included drinkers and liquor dealers, many of whom were immigrants, argued that local option authorized the "tyranny of the majority" and infringed upon the rights of the liquor-dealing and liquor-consuming minority.
Local option, as a method of alcohol control, made a resurgence after the Civil War. The Anti-Saloon League initially decided to use local option as the mechanism to bring about nationwide prohibition. Its intent was to work across the country at the local level. In many instances, however, it was not the agenda. For instance, several wards in Ontario, Canada, passed local option but were vehemently against province-wide prohibition since they preferred to isolate alcohol sales, rather than ban them altogether. That is particularly evident in Toronto's Junction neighbourhood, part of which remained notoriously dry as late as 2000, the last area of Ontario to repeal prohibition.
Following the repeal of federal Prohibition in the United States in 1933, some states chose to maintain prohibition within their own borders. Others chose to permit local option on the controversial issue. In the remainder of states, there was no prohibition. Overlying the patchwork of prohibition, many states (known as alcoholic beverage control states) decided to establish their own monopolies over the wholesaling and/or retailing of alcoholic beverages. Montgomery County, Maryland, for example, has used local option to establish its alcohol control monopoly within its borders.

## Face masks

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic some states in the United States of America, such as Georgia, implemented the local option to control laws about public mask wearing enforcement.
# Annie E. Pettway

Annie E. Pettway (1904–1972) was an American artist associated with the Gee's Bend quilting collective. Her work has been exhibited at the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston and is included in the permanent collection of the Philadelphia Museum of Art.

## Early life

According to her son, Sheriff Willie Quill Pettway, in an interview with the Souls Grown Deep Foundation, Annie E. Pettway was born on June 18, 1904, to Austin H. Pettway and Leetha Pettway and was one of ten children.
She later married Ed. O Pettway. Sheriff Willie Quill Pettway describes the confusion over his father's name:
   "She was married to Ed O.—they said Pettway, but he was a Williams. They changed his name to Pettway because he was living on the Pettway place, and they had to change their name as long as they stay on the place. So, when they took up the census, that’s what he kept his name: Pettway. His father was Ottoway Williams. He had changed his name to Pettway, too."
Together, Ed and Annie had nine children – five boys and four girls. Her son described her as a "housewife and a fieldworker," doing every task imaginable to keep the farm and family running.

## Work

Sheriff Pettway describes piecing quilts as a necessity to protect and keep her family warm. It is a tradition that she passed to her daughters and her granddaughters.
# Code scaling, applicability, and uncertainty

Code scaling, applicability, and uncertainty (CSAU) methodology is a systematic approach proposed by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission that can be used to identify and quantify overall nuclear reactor uncertainties, and this estimate methods for reactor safety analysis is in lieu of the earlier licensing practice that used deterministic methods with conservative assumptions to address uncertainties. Since the methodology was proposed about two decades ago, it has been widely used for new reactor designs and existing light water reactor power uprates.
# Adrienne Koutouan

Adrienne Ako Anomgbo Koutouan (born 1969) is an Ivorian comedian and actress.

## Biography

Koutouan is a member of the Tchaman people and was born in the village of Abobo-Té in the municipality of Abobo near Abidjan. She wanted to become an actress from her childhood, though this idea was not warmly received by her parents. She began her career in the 1980s in the "Fétiche éburnéen" theater troupe. In 1986, Koutouan was named Best Dancer at the Ivory Coast ballet.
Koutouan has received several awards, including best female performance at the Namur Festival in Belgium in 1998, best female performance at the M-Net Festival in Johannesburg in 1999, and best African actress at the Pabbah festival in Nigeria in 2002. In 2006, Koutouan received the Gold Standard award at the Panafrican Film and Television Festival of Ouagadougou for her performance in the series Quand les éléphants se battent. She is well known in the Ivory Coast for her role as Rosalie in the series Faut pas fâcher. In 2008, Koutouan starred as Infirmière Antoinette in Dr. Boris alongside Ahmed Souaney.
On April 14, 2019, Koutouan was honored in a ceremony for her 30th year as an actress, receiving several distinctions from the government. She achieved the rank of officer in the Order of Cultural Merit, by the Ministry of Culture and Francophonie. A devout Catholic, Koutouan also had a mass in her honor.

## Partial filmography

* 1993: Faut pas fâcher (TV Series)
* 1994: Wariko, le gros lot as Curious Neighbour
* 1998: Lucy's Revenge as Albertine
* 2000: Je m'appelle Fargass
* 2005: Quand les éléphants se battent (TV Series)
* 2005: Caramel as Maria
* 2007: Danger permanent
* 2008: Dr. Boris (TV Series) as Infirmière Antoinette
# Tongue River (Texas)

The Tongue River (Texas) is a river in Texas.
# Northcourt Manor

Northcourt Manor is one of three manor houses, along with Woolverton and Westcourt, that is located in Shorwell, on the Isle of Wight, England. It was begun by Sir John Leigh, Deputy Governor of the Island, in 1615, but was unfinished at his death. Northcourt is currently in use as a hotel.

## History

North Shorwell, or North Court, is referred to in the Domesday Book:
   " Isd. rex ten. Sorewelle. Tres taini tenuer. in paragio et iii. aulas habuer. Tc. p. una hida et dim. modo p. iii. virg. Tra. e. iii. car. In dno. e. una car. et dim. et ii. vill, et viii. bord; cu. i. car. ibi vi. servi. Silva ad clausura. Val. et valuit iiii. lib."—[The King holds Shorwell. Three of the king's servants (or thegns) held it jointly, and had each his mansion. It was then assessed at one hide and a half, now at three virgates.- The land is three carucates. In the demesne there are one carucate and a half, and two villeins, and eight borderers. With one carucate there are six slaves. There is a wood for enclosure. It is, and was worth four pounds.]
From The History, Topography, and Antiquities of the Isle of Wight (1856):
   This manor, with the other lands of the king's, went to Baldwin de Redvers, when he obtained the Lordship of the Island; and remained in that family until Amicia, Countess of Devon, bestowed it (temp. Henry iii.) upon the Abbey of Lacock, in Wiltshire. Her daughter, Isabella de Fortibus, (4th Edw. I.) confirmed the grant; and it is stated in the Record of the Liberties claimed by, and allowed to her, that the Abbess held of her one fee in capite, whence •he possessed in demesne the manor of Shorwell. In the 13th Edward III. the Abbey was charged to supply three men-at-arms, and two bowmen towards the defence of the Island.—On the Dissolution of the Religious Houses, the manor reverted to the Crown. It was in the possession of Thomas Temes, Esq., in the 2nd year of Elizabeth; and towards the close of her reign, was purchased by Richard Bull, Esq. [...]
The mansion-house was built by Sir John Leigh, in the reign of James I. After his death (in 1629, at age 83), it was completed by his son Barnaby Leigh. Extensive repairs and additions were made at a later period by Barnaby Eveleigh Leigh.
Willoughby Gordon (1772–1851) lived at Northcourt Manor. His son Sir Henry Percy Gordon, 2nd Baronet occupied it in 1856. The writer Mrs. Disney Leith was brought up here when Swinburne was her playmate. She married and lived here with her husband, General Colonel Robert William Disney Leith CB, until he died in 1892.

## Grounds

The grounds contain a spring, and the Shor Well which feeds a stream.

## Architecture and fittings

It is the largest ancient dwelling in the Isle of Wight. Modelled after larger houses on the mainland, it is of Jacobean style, and lies back from the road. An unusual feature is that it has only one wing. The entrance front has canted bays and mullioned windows. Sash windows were added in the 18th century, at which time a general internal remodelling on classic lines occurred. An extension was made to the north front in 1906 with the addition of a billiard room and offices.
# Trying (play)

Trying is a drama by Canadian-born playwright Joanna Glass that premiered at Chicago's Victory Gardens Theater on March 29, 2004. The two-act play depicts the final year in the life of Francis Biddle—the United States attorney general under President Franklin D. Roosevelt and chief judge of the Nuremberg trials—as it was seen through the eyes of his then twenty-five-year-old assistant, Sarah Schorr. As the young woman relates to the audience, she is merely the latest and coincidentally the last in a long and unsuccessful line of personal secretaries, all of whom have disappointed Biddle in some way. Much of the story revolves around issues of aging and the breakdown of communication over divisions of age and class. The work is derived from Glass's own experiences as Biddle's assistant from 1967 to 1968.

## Production history

The original production was directed by Victory Gardens' associate artistic director Sandy Shinner and starred Tony Award-winning actor Fritz Weaver as Biddle and Kati Brazda as Sarah. After an extended run in Chicago, it transferred to an off-Broadway run at the Promenade Theater on New York's Upper West Side on October 13, 2004, and ran until January 2 the following year.
The success of Trying came as a surprise to Glass, as the play was only picked up as a replacement for Claudia Allen's Hanging Fire when the show's lead actress, Julie Harris, suffered a stroke and was unable to go on. The original Chicago production of Trying was lauded by critics and audiences alike and was nominated for several Joseph Jefferson Awards including "Best Production," "Best Direction," and "Best New Work," which it won. The two actors in the Victory Gardens premiere also received Jeff nods, with Weaver taking home the trophy for Best Actor of 2004 for his work in the production.
Following the play's transfer off-Broadway, the production continued to be met with high praise, with critics calling the relationship between Weaver and Brazda some of the best acting seen in New York City that season. Glass's playscript, however, found less marked success, with Christine Howey of Cleveland's The Plain Dealer and others criticizing the plot for being too predictable. The production, largely financed by Chicagoans, closed early following financial disappointments. In spite of this, though, Trying continues to be revived regularly at regional theatres across the United States, most recently at the South Carolina Repertory Company in 2005, Old Globe in San Diego in 2006, Colony Theatre in Los Angeles in 2007, Rubicon Theatre in Ventura, California in 2010, Cesear's Forum in Cleveland, Ohio in 2011.
# Mare Undarum

Mare Undarum /ʌnˈdɛərəm/ (Latin undārum, the "sea of waves") is a shallow, irregular lunar mare located just north of Mare Spumans on the lunar near side, between the crater Firmicus and the eastern limb. It lies within a trough between the third and fourth raised rings formed by the impact that created the Mare Crisium. The selenographic coordinates of this mare are 7.5° N, 68.7° E. It has a maximum diameter of 245 km.
There are five known lunar domes within the mare. The surrounding basin material is of the Nectarian epoch, with the mare basalt being of the Upper Imbrian epoch. The crater Dubyago can be seen on the southern edge of the mare. On the northeastern edge of the mare is the crater Condorcet P.
When Mädler observed this area in the 1830s, he noted variations in the curved dark streaks that form this mare, leading him to speculate that the changes were caused by vegetation.

## Fictional References

Mare Undarum was the location of the second catapult in Robert A. Heinlein's novel The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress. The exact location of the catapult was kept secret and was "A matter of Lunar national security."

## Gallery

* Mare Undarum from the NASA Lunar Atlas
* Oblique view of Mare Undarum (foreground) and Mare Spumans (upper right), facing south, from Apollo 17
* Chart of Mare Undarum and surroundings
# Nordmoll

Nordmoll is a wholesale and retail center located in the northern suburbs of Novosibirsk at the intersection of the Northern Bypass and the Pashinskoye Highway. Its area is 200,000 square meters. The largest shopping complex in Siberia.

## History

The construction of the shopping center began in 2014. In 2016, the first and second stages of the center were commissioned, with a total area of 112,000 m²; the third sector was opened in 2017. The Investments in the project amounted to 5 billion rubles.
In 2015, the Gusinobrodsky Market was closed in Novosibirsk, as a result, some of its traders organized business in new retail centers built near the former market, while other entrepreneurs began to work in the Nordmoll.
According to a 2019 Kommersant article, the asset of the centre is owned by the Nord City Moll LLC, which has been owned since 2019 by the Cyprus company Vochna holdings Co. limited (previously the Nord City Moll LLC was owned by the Ortalion Commercial Ltd. from Cyprus).
As of April 2022, only one corps of the retail center was in operation, and even in this corps there were many empty pavilions.

## Financial statistics

Financial statistics of the center for 2017:
* Revenue – 112.2 million rubles
* Net loss – 654.6 million rubles
* Long-term liabilities – 4.9 billion rubles
# Norman Kennedy (rugby union)

Norman Kennedy (17 March 1881 - 15 January 1960) was a Scotland international rugby union player

## Rugby Union career
### Amateur career

He went to school at Rugby.
He went to University College, Oxford. He played rugby union for Oxford University.
Kennedy played for West of Scotland.

### Provincial career

He was capped by Glasgow District in 1902 playing in the match against Canada.
He played for Cities District against Provinces District on 24 January 1903.

### International career

He was capped 3 times for the Scotland international side, all in 1903.

## Military career

He joined the Ayrshire Yeomanry in 1899. In the First World War he served with them in Gallipoli, Egypt and Palestine.
He commanded the Yeomanry from 1924 to 1928 as Lieutenant Colonel. Twice mentioned in despatches he was awarded the D.S.O.
He obtained the rank of Honorary Colonel.

## Business career

Kennedy succeeded his father as a director of Robert Young Pickering co. in Wishaw. He remained a director until the Lithgow group was founded.
He was a governing director of James Kennedy and Co. Ltd., a timber importers of Glasgow. They had extensive interests in the United States and Canada. The Head Office was 69 Buchanan Street in Glasgow, but they had branch offices in Bo'ness, Liverpool, London, and in Memphis, Tennessee.
Through his timber importing connections, he was appointed as consul for Honduras in Glasgow.
He became a director of the Glasgow Chamber of Commerce in 1920 and in 1935 he was elected the President of the chamber.
For a time, he was a director of George Outram and Co., the owners of the Glasgow Herald newspaper. He retired for health reasons in 1958.
He became a director of the Bank of Scotland.

## Farming career

His father James Kennedy took on a herd of Aberdeen Angus cattle at Doonholm. Both James and then Norman successfully exhibited their cattle in Scotland and in England. Norman became President of the Aberdeen Angus Cattle Society. He became chairman of the Agricultural Executive Committee for South Ayrshire; and for his work on that committee he was awarded a C.B.E. He was also made Deputy lieutenant of Ayrshire.

## Family

Born in Old Kilpatrick, he was the only surviving son of James Kennedy of Doonholm.
James Kennedy was one of the original directors of R.Y. Pickering when that company was founded in 1888.
James Kennedy's mother was Eliza Pagan, daughter of James Pagan (1812-1870). James Pagan was editor of the Glasgow Herald from 1856 to 1870.
James Kennedy and Eliza Pagan had 4 daughters Alice, Gertrude, Nora and Myra; as well as sons Norman and William. Unfortunately William did not survive infancy.
Norman was to marry Sylvia Bingham in 1915. Sylvia was the younger daughter of Brigadier General Edmund George Henry Bingham (Royal Artillery) and Beatrice Helen Stephen (1861-1949) who married in 1886 in Australia. Her mother Beatrice Helen had remarried when Bingham died in 1904, she married Hugh Palliser Hickman (1856-1930) in 1905.
Norman Kennedy and Sylvia Bingham had two sons and two daughters.
# Michael Todd (artist)

Michael Todd (born 1935) is an American artist, based in Southern California since 1968. His work is included in numerous public and private collections, including the Metropolitan Museum of Art Whitney Museum Los Angeles County Museum of Art San Francisco Museum of Modern Art and Storm King Art Center
He is the father of musician Mia Doi Todd.

## Awards

* Woodrow Wilson Fellowship
* Fulbright Fellowship

## Exhibitions

* Pace Gallery, 1964
* Primary Structures, 1966
* American Sculpture of the Sixties, Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 1967
# Normandin Lake

Normandin Lake is a freshwater body of the unorganized territory of Lac-Ashuapmushuan, Quebec, in the western part of the Regional County Municipality (MRC) Le Domaine-du-Roy, in the administrative region of Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
This lake is entirely located in the canton of Ventadour which is at the end West of the MRC Le Domaine-du-Roy.
Forestry is the main economic activity of the sector. Recreational tourism activities come second.
The forest road route 212 linking Obedjiwan, Quebec and La Tuque pass south of Dubois Lake and Normandin Lake. Other secondary forest roads serve the vicinity of the lake.
The surface of Normandin Lake is usually frozen from early November to mid-May, however safe ice circulation is generally from mid-November to mid-April.

## Geography

The mouth of Lake Normandin is located at:
* 5.9 kilometres (3.7 mi) south-west of the mouth of the Little Buade Lake;
* 23.1 kilometres (14.4 mi) south of the confluence of Buade Lake (Normandin River);
* 34.7 kilometres (21.6 mi) south of the mouth of Poutrincourt Lake;
South of the mouth of Nicabau Lake;
* 52.8 kilometres (32.8 mi) south-west of the mouth of the Normandin River (confluence with Ashuapmushuan Lake;
* 0.9 kilometres (0.56 mi) east of the Eeyou Istchee James Bay (municipality) boundary;
* 155.4 kilometres (96.6 mi) south-west of the mouth of the Ashuapmushuan River (confluence with lac Saint-Jean.
The main hydrographic slopes near Normandin Lake are:
* Northside: Anctil Lake, Normandin River, Marquette River, Poutrincourt Lake, Titipiti River;
* Eastside: Normandin River, Frontenac Lake, Marquette Lake, Du Milieu River (Normandin River), Marquette West River, Marquette River;
* Southside: Townsend Creek, Wapous River, Oskatcickic Creek;
* Westside: Dubois Lake, Eau Claire River (Gouin Reservoir), Toussaint River.

## Toponymy

In 1900, this toponym is indicated on the Map of a road leading to the Lake Saint John to James Bay by the rivers Chamouchouan, Nottaway, Rupert explored in 1897-98-99 by Henry O'Sullivan, Land Survey Inspector province of Quebec. The name of the lake evokes the work of the life of the surveyor Joseph-Laurent Normandin. The latter had traveled the region of Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean in 1732 to draw a detailed map of the place by locating the lakes, large and small, and to fix the boundaries of the Domaine du Roi.
Normandin also wrote a journal entitled Journal de voyage that Joseph-Laurent Normandin had made in the King's domain in Canada from the Chicoutimi post office to the height of the land in 1732. During his exploration in 1732, Joseph- Laurent Normandin had designated Lake Normandin under the name "Lac Patchitachekaosakajgane", meaning lake of the height of land.
The toponym "Lake Normandin" was formalized on December 5, 1968, by the Commission de toponymie du Québec, i.e. at the creation of this commission.
# Michael Shea (ice hockey)

Michael Shea (born 4 June 1961) is an Austrian ice hockey player. He competed in the men's tournaments at the 1988 Winter Olympics and the 1994 Winter Olympics.
# Michael Sheasby

Michael Sheasby is an Australian actor, known for his roles as Steve Carmody in the Seven Network television soap opera Home and Away (2012), as Bert Ford in the Seven Network drama series A Place to Call Home (2013–2014), as Hayden Cole in the Network Ten psychological thriller drama The Secrets She Keeps (2020) and as Walter Moody in the TVNZ drama television miniseries The Luminaries (2020) wherein viewers were entranced by the authenticity of his Scottish accent.

## Early life

Sheasby was born in Pietermaritzburg, South Africa and immigrated with his family to Australia in 2001.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2011 | Rescue Special Ops | Alex Reynolds | Episode: "Class of Their Own" |
| 2012 | Home and Away | Steve Carmody | 5 episodes |
| 2013 | Felony | Policeman at Ankhila's house | Film |
| 2013 | In Your Dreams | Stefan | Episode: "Vermisst" |
| 2013–2014 | A Place to Call Home | Bert Ford | 7 episodes |
| 2016 | Love Child | Michael | Episode: #3.10 |
| 2016 | Hacksaw Ridge | 'Tex' Lewis | Film |
| 2018 | The Nightingale | Aidan Carroll | Film |
| 2020 | The Secrets She Keeps | Hayden Cole | 5 episodes |
| 2020 | The Luminaries | Walter Moody | Miniseries, 2 episodes |
| 2022 | Bosch & Rockit | Keith | Film |

## Stage

| Year | Title | Role | Writer | Director | Venue |
| 2014 | Henry V | Henry V | William Shakespeare | Damien Ryan | Canberra Theatre Centre, Canberra |
| 2016 | Arcadia | Valentine Coverly | Tom Stoppard | Richard Cottrell | Sydney Theatre Company, Sydney |

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Award | Category | Result | Ref(s) |
| 2018 | Casting Guild of Australia | Rising Star Award | | |
| 2019 | 9th AACTA Awards | Best Supporting Actor | Nominated | |
# Michael Sheehan (politician)

Michael Sheehan was an Irish politician and company director. Sheehan was elected to Dáil Éireann as an Independent Teachta Dála (TD) for the Cork Borough constituency at the 1948 general election. He lost his seat at the 1951 general election running as a Fine Gael candidate. He also served as Lord Mayor of Cork from 1945 to 1949.