OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nymphalis

Nymphalis, commonly known as the tortoiseshells or anglewing butterflies, is a genus of brush-footed butterflies. The genera Aglais, Inachis, Polygonia and Kaniska, were sometimes included as subgenera of Nymphalis but they may instead be treated as distinct genera. See also anglewing butterflies. For other butterflies named tortoiseshells, see the genus Aglais.
The name Nymphalis, established by Jan Krzysztof Kluk in 1780, is the oldest name among the generic names for a relatively small group of butterflies collectively known as anglewing butterflies. In zoological nomenclature, the oldest name has a priority over other names. The collective name anglewing butterflies is derived from a Latinised term Papiliones angulati. This name was probably used for the first time by Ignaz Schiffermüller in 1775–1776. The anglewing butterflies as a group are characterized by a cryptic silhouette and by the colouration and pattern on the ventral side of both wings. This signature mark is an important taxonomic characteristic as well as a significant evolutionary adaptation.
During winter months, in latitudes with snow cover, all members of this group hibernate as adult butterflies. During hibernation, hidden in various shelters, the butterflies are dormant. The camouflage provided by crypsis is advantageous to hibernating butterflies. Potential predators will have difficulties in seeing the dormant butterflies. With their wings closed, exposing only the ventral cryptically coloured underside, they blend in with their surroundings.
Today, the anglewing butterflies are found only in the northern hemisphere. Carl Linnaeus described the first members of this group in 1758, and it has since become clear that anglewing butterflies evolved from a common ancestor. The most recent studies include Nylin et al., 2001; Wahlberg & Nylin, 2003; Wahlberg et al. 2011, 2009, 2005. The sister group of Nymphalis is Vanessa.

## Species

Listed alphabetically:
* Nymphalis antiopa (Linnaeus, 1758) – mourning cloak or Camberwell beauty
* Nymphalis californica (Boisduval, 1852) – California tortoiseshell
* Nymphalis cyanomelas (Doubleday, [1848]) – Mexican tortoiseshell
* Nymphalis polychloros (Linnaeus, 1758) – large tortoiseshell or blackleg tortoiseshell
* Nymphalis vaualbum (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) – Compton tortoiseshell or false comma
* Nymphalis xanthomelas (Esper, 1781) – scarce tortoiseshell or yellow-legged tortoiseshell

### Images of species

* Mourning cloak, Nymphalis antiopa
* California tortoiseshell, Nymphalis californica
* Large tortoiseshell, Nymphalis polychloros
* Compton tortoiseshell, Nymphalis vaualbum
* Scarce tortoiseshell, Nymphalis xanthomelas
# Marnheim

Marnheim is a municipality in the Donnersbergkreis district, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

## Sights

* Pfrimm Viaduct
# Verdecchia

Verdecchia is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Guillermo Verdecchia (born 1962), Canadian playwright
* Luca Verdecchia (born 1978), Italian sprinter
# UTC−00:44

UTC−00:44 is an identifier for a time offset from UTC of −00:44.

## History

UTC−00:44 was used in Liberia until January 7, 1972. It was known as Monrovia Mean Time or Liberian Time. The exact time zone was GMT−00:43:08 (based on the longitude of Monrovia) until it was redefined as GMT−0:44 on March 1, 1919. On 7 January 1972, it was changed to UTC+00:00.
# Utricularia holtzei

Utricularia holtzei is an annual affixed aquatic carnivorous plant that belongs to the genus Utricularia (family Lentibulariaceae). It is endemic to the Northern Territory.
# Tilaiya Junction railway station

Tilaiya railway station is located in Nawada district in the Indian state of Bihar. Tilaiya railway station is at an elevation of 102 metres (335 ft) and is assigned the station code TIA.

## History

Gaya was connected to Kiul in 1879 by the South Bihar Railway Company (operated by the East Indian Railway Company).
The Bakhtiyarpur–Rajgir line was extended to Tilaiya in 2010.

## Electrification

Feasibility studies for the electrification of the Manpur–Tilaiya–Kiul sector was announced in the rail budget for 2010–11.

## Line extension

The line is to be extended from Tilaiya to Koderma.
# Tyler Island (California)

Tyler Island is a small island in the San Joaquin River delta, part of Sacramento County, California. Its coordinates are 38°10′23″N 121°32′51″W﻿ / ﻿38.1729725°N 121.5474531°W﻿ / 38.1729725; -121.5474531﻿ (Tyler Island). It is named after 1861 owner W.C. Tyler, and managed by Reclamation Districts 563 and 554.
# 2018 Slovak Open

The 2018 Slovak Open was a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the 19th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2018 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Bratislava, Slovakia between 5 and 11 November 2018.

## Singles main-draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| SVK | Lukáš Lacko | 82 | 1 |
| RUS | Evgeny Donskoy | 100 | 2 |
| ITA | Lorenzo Sonego | 105 | 3 |
| ESP | Guillermo García López | 106 | 4 |
| ARG | Marco Trungelliti | 118 | 5 |
| IND | Ramkumar Ramanathan | 121 | 6 |
| CYP | Marcos Baghdatis | 127 | 7 |
| BEL | Ruben Bemelmans | 129 | 8 |
* $^1$ Rankings are as of 29 October 2018.

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Norbert Gombos
* Lukáš Klein
* Tomáš Líška
* Alex Molčan
The following player received entry into the singles main draw using a protected ranking:
* Egor Gerasimov
The following players received entry into the singles main draw as alternates:
* Filip Horanský
* Uladzimir Ignatik
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Alexander Bublik
* Johannes Härteis
* Daniel Masur
* Jurij Rodionov

## Champions
### Singles

* Alexander Bublik def. Lukáš Rosol 6–4, 6–4.

### Doubles

* Denys Molchanov / Igor Zelenay def. Ramkumar Ramanathan / Andrei Vasilevski 6–2, 3–6, [11–9].
# Venus casina

Venus casina is a species of saltwater clam, a marine bivalve mollusc in the family Veneridae, the venus clams. While the species is classified by World Register of Marine Species as Venus casina, the Catalogue of Life uses Circomphalus casina.

## Appearance

Venus casina has equally sized valves up to 50 mm in length with a "swollen" appearance. The species is characterised by concentric ridges on the outer surface of the shell, which is dirty white to beige, with occasional patches of pink.

## Ecology

Venus casina is a suspension feeder found between the United Kingdom, West Africa and the Azores as well as in the Mediterranean Sea.
# Mining My Own

Mining My Own (foaled February 9, 2001, in Kentucky) is an American thoroughbred mare racehorse. She is out of the Canadian mare Aspenelle, by the sire Smart Strike. She shares the same sire as 2007 Preakness Stakes winner Curlin, who became 2007 and 2008 American Horse of the Year.
Although unraced due to two leg fractures, Mining My Own is best known as the dam of 2009 Kentucky Derby winner Mine That Bird, who was her first foal.
In 2009, Mining My Own produced a chestnut colt by sire Even the Score who was later named Dullahan

## Resources

* Pedigree & Partial Stats
# Masters of Turkish Music

Masters of Turkish Music is a compilation album released by Rounder Records in 1990. The record features 20 tracks of Turkish classical music, compiled and restored from the 78s recorded between 1906 and 1949.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
AllMusic critic Richie Unterberger gave a rave review to the album, stating: "The taksim (improvisations) and gazels (vocal improvisations) are extremely emotional and moving, and there is a good deal of variety in the 75-minute program, in both content and instrumentation." Unterberger also praised the sound and audio restoration on the record, writing that "even on the performances dating back to the early 20th century, the transfers seem to be clear as technology will allow."

## Personnel

Album personnel as adapted from liner notes.
* Ercüment G. Aksoy — assistant, liner notes
* Munir Nurettin Beken — assistant, liner notes
* Nancy Given — design
* Talat Halman — liner notes
* Karl Signell — liner notes
* Richard K. Spottswood — disc sources, liner notes
* Hugo Strötbaum — photography
* Jack Towers — restoration
* Necdet Yaşar — assistant, liner notes
# Manguel

Manguel is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alberto Manguel (born 1948), Argentine writer
* Romina Manguel, Argentine radio host and journalist
# Marquirivi

Marquirivi is a small town in Bolivia. In 2014, the town received adequate plumbing in the summer of 2014, thanks to an organization known as, "Club Tunari Cochabamba with Engineers in Action."
# Oak Hill (Jessup, Maryland)

Oak Hill is a historic manor located at Jessup, Maryland, United States.
Oak Hill is a historic manor on a 235-acre farm between the Dorsey's Branch of the little Patuxent and the Old Annapolis road. The site is now dominated by the I-95 and Route 175 interchange, and the Port Capitol drive housing development, known as "Port Capital Village".
The manor houses were built and maintained by the Orson Adams (1835–1907) family. Adams was the president of the Commercial National Bank of New York, using Oak Hill as a summer home. A Victorian manor house and an English Manor house were built onsite and noted in 1876 Hopkins maps. For a period they operated as antique stores before being purchased by the Rouse Company for land development. Within ten years of ownership by Rouse, both historic structures were omitted from the historic register, and burned down. Oak Hill was one of many historical buildings in the region with valuable real estate that was developed after a fire set to the structure, including Ammendale Normal Institute (1998), Troy Hill (1990), Duvall Farm, Avondale Mill (1991), St. Mary's College (1997), and Henryton State Hospital (2007, 2011).
The Oak Hill youth detention complex in neighboring Anne Arundel County was named after the historic location.
# International Humanitarian Fact-Finding Commission

The International Humanitarian Fact-Finding Commission (IHFFC) is an international body that is available to perform investigations of possible breaches of international humanitarian law. The Commission may investigate matters to determine what has happened, but does not pass judgment on issues it raises.

## History

IHFFC was established in 1991 and has its basis in the First Optional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions, agreed in 1977.

## Operation

The Swiss Ministry of Foreign Affairs carries out the secretariat functions. IHFFC is headquartered in Bern. 76 states have joined the body.
The organization has the status of a permanent observer in the UN General Assembly.

## Activations

On 7 October 2015, Médecins Sans Frontières called for activating the commission, to investigate the deadly U.S. bombing of MSF's hospital in Kunduz, Afghanistan. MSF says it does not trust internal military inquiries into the bombing that killed 42 people, which it considers a war crime. USA and Afghanistan are not among the 76 signatories of the IHFFC.
In 2016, Médecins Sans Frontières again called for the Commission activation, after the bombing of an MSF hospital in Yemen.
The commission received its first mission in 2017, from the OSCE, to investigate the death of an OSCE ambulance driver in Ukraine. It concluded that it was caused by an anti-tank mine and “[g]iven the fact that - as was commonly known - the road was frequently used by civilian traffic, any recent laying of anti-vehicle mines constitutes a violation of IHL because of the predictable indiscriminate effect”.
Russia withdrew from the commission's remit in 2019.

## Members of the Commission

The Commission consists of fifteen experts. On 20 February 2017 they were:
| Name | Position | Country | Member since |
| Prof. Thilo MARAUHN | President | Germany | 2012 |
| Dr. Elzbieta MIKOS-SKUZA | First Vice-president | Poland | 2001 |
| Dr. Mohamed Mahmoud AL KAMALI | Vice-president | United Arab Emirates | 2012 |
| Ambassador Alfredo LABBÉ | Vice-president | Chile | 2017 |
| Dr Robin McNEILL LOVE | Vice-president | United Kingdom | 2017 |
| Mr Abdulla Rashid S.A. AL-NAIMI | Member | Qatar | 2017 |
| Prof. Rachid BELHADJ | Member | Algeria | 2017 |
| Ms Laurence BOILLAT | Member | Switzerland | 2017 |
| Prof. Shuichi FURUYA | Member | Japan | 2012 |
| Dr. Åsa MOLDE | Member | Sweden | 2017 |
| Mr Mario J.A. OYARZÁBAL | Member | Argentina | 2017 |
| Mr Francisco REY MARCOS | Member | Spain | 2017 |
| Prof. Stelios E. PERRAKIS | Member | Greece | 2001 |
| Dr. Réka VARGA | Member | Hungary | 2017 |
| Dr. Justinas ŽILINSKAS | Member | Lithuania | 2012 |
# Midnight University

Midnight University is a Thai virtual university for free public education. It contains over 1,500 scholarly articles. In 2006 it received more than 2.5 million visits per month from users around the world. Besides providing scholarly articles, the Midnight University website provides space for the public to discuss social and political issues. It is based in Chiang Mai.
Following the 2006 Thai coup d'état, Midnight University's website was shut down after Chiang Mai University management and staff protested the junta's draft interim charter. Kasian Tejapira of Thammasat University claimed the website was "the foremost free and critical educational and public intellectual website in Thailand. The shutdown was not only a huge loss to academic and intellectual freedom in Thai society, but also the closure of a free forum for the contention of ideas so as to find a peaceful alternative to violent conflict in Thailand." Kraisorn Pornsuthee, Ministry of Information and Communication Technology (MICT) Permanent Secretary claimed ignorance of the shutdown of the website and declined to give his rationale or opinion about the matter.
# Michael Middleton (academic)

Michael A. Middleton (also Mike Middleton) is an American academic, a deputy chancellor emeritus, and a professor emeritus at the University of Missouri School of Law. On November 12, 2015, he was appointed interim president of the University of Missouri after the previous president, Timothy Wolfe, resigned as the result of the 2015 University of Missouri protests. Middleton served in this role until March 2017.
Middleton received a bachelor's degree from the University of Missouri in 1968 and graduated from the University of Missouri School of Law in 1971, becoming the third black graduate of the school. After working for various offices within the federal government, including the EEOC, he returned to the University of Missouri in 1985. Since 1998, he was a deputy chancellor. He retired as a deputy chancellor on August 31, 2015.
He was appointed as interim president of Lincoln University in May 2017, serving until May 31, 2018.
# Midway, Johnson County, Iowa

Midway is a ghost town in Johnson County, Iowa, United States. It does not currently have any standing structures and is private property. Midway was 5.5 miles (8.9 km) southeast of Iowa City.

## History

Midway's population was 597 in 1902.
# Christian Zermatten

Christian Zermatten (born 21 June 1966) is a Swiss professional football manager. Zermatten coached professional teams in Switzerland, Malaysia, Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, and Ivory Coast, but is best known for his stints managing FC Sion.
# Urine Junkies

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Urine Junkies is a compilation album by the death metal band Abscess featuring tracks from various demos and EPs. It was released by Relapse Records in 1995.

## Track listing

* "Aching Meat" (4:44)
* "Urine Junkies" (1:56)
* "Crawled Up From the Sewer" (1:20)
* "29th Lobotomy" (1:42)
* "Horny Hag" (1:14)
* "Depopulation" (2:04)
* "Zombification" (3:27)
* "Blacktooth Beast" (1:57)
* "The Scent of Shit" (0:50)
* "Altar Toy" (2:21)
* "Suicide Fuck" (2:21)
* "Raw Sewage" (4:07)
* "Die Pig Die" (2:23)
* "Inbred Abomination" (1:54)
* "Unquenchable Thirst" (2:31)
* "Abscess" (3:05)
* "Bloodsucker" (2:40)
* "Anally Impaled" (2:54)
# Akwasi Bretuo Assensoh

Akwasi Bretuo Assensoh is a Ghanaian academic and journalist. He is an emeritus professor of African American and African Diaspora Studies at Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana.

## Early life and education

Assensoh was born on 1 April 1946 at Dunkwa-On-Offin, Gold Coast to Opanin Kwabena and Abena Amoateng. He moved to the United States of America in 1978. He obtained his bachelor's degree in History and Politics from Dillard University in 1981. In 1982, he was awarded his master's degree by the New York University and his doctorate degree in 1984 by the same university.

## Career

Assensoh begun as an assistant editor for the Daily Listener, Chronicle, and Digest in Monrovia, Liberia. In 1968, he was promoted to editor, and a year later he was made sub editor of The Pioneer, a newspaper in Kumasi, Ghana. From 1970 to 1972, Assensoh worked as a syndicated columnist for Compass News Features in Luxembourg.
After his completing his doctoral research in 1984, Assensoh was appointed associate professor of History at Dillard University. He worked in this capacity from 1984 to 1988, and in 1986, he doubled as Director of honors programs. He became the assistant editor of King Papers Project and a visiting assistant professor of History at Stanford University in 1988.

## Personal life

Assensoh married Irenita Benbow on 19 March 1981. Together, they have two children. He later married Dr. Yvette Alex-Assensoh and together, they have two sons.

## Works

* Kwame Nkrumah: Six Years in Exile, 1966-72'", (1978)
* Black Woman: An African Story (novel), (1980)
* Woman : An African Story (novel), (1980)
* Campus Life (three - act play), (1981)
* Africa in Retrospect, (1985)
* Martin Luther King, Jr. and America's Quest for Racial Integration, (1987)
* Kwame Nkrumah of Africa: His Formative Years and the Beginning of His Political Career, 1935-1948, (1989)
* African Political Leadership: Jomo Kenyatta, Kwame Nkrumah, and Julius K. Nyerere, (1998)
* African Military History and Politics: Coups and Ideological Incursions, 1900-Present, (2002)
* Malcolm X: A Biography, (2013)
* Malcolm X and Africa, (2016)
# Mangueigne

Mangueigne is a sub-prefecture of Salamat Region in Chad.
# Marovoay Banlieue

Marovoay Banlieue is a rural municipality in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Marovoay, which is a part of Boeny Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 9,000 in 2001 commune census.
Only primary schooling is available. The majority 85% of the population of the commune are farmers, while an additional 11% receives their livelihood from raising livestock. The most important crop is rice, while other important products are maize and cassava. Services provide employment for 1% of the population. Additionally fishing employs 3% of the population.

## Geography

This municipality is situated at 100 km from the capital Mahajanga. It covers the villages (fokontany) around Marovoay and is constituted by the villages of Ambalabongo, Ambovokatrakatraka, Ambohibary, Andakalaka, Anosikobondro, Ambanjabe, Ambatobe, Mahatsinjo, Marosakoa, Maromiandra, Miadana and Lakovola.

## Rivers

The Betsiboka River is the largest of this municipity and the Andranolava River.

## Roads

The National road 4 crosses the north of this municipality. Also the National road 8b crosses the municipality but this is in a very bad state of conservation.
# Jesper Brochmand

Jesper Rasmussen Brochmand (5 August 1585 - 19 April 1652) was a Danish Lutheran clergyman, theologian and professor who served as Bishop of the Diocese of Zealand from 1638 until his death.
Brochmand was a key founder of the dogmatic system that formed the basis for the lutheran orthodoxy in Denmark.

## Biography

Jesper Rasmussen Brochmand was born in Køge, Zealand. He attended Herlufsholm Academy in Copenhagen, followed by training as a theological student in the Netherlands at Leiden University and the University of Franeker. He returned to Copenhagen in 1608 to serve as Rector of Herlufsholm Academy. In 1610, he became a Professor Pædagogicus at University of Copenhagen, professor of Greek in 1613 and a member of the theological faculty in 1615. In 1617 he was appointed tutor to Crown Prince Christian, eldest son of King Christian IV, returning to the university three years later.
He was ordained Bishop of Zealand (Bisperække for Sjællands stift) in 1639. During his long and fruitful activity in this office, he reorganized the worship service of the Church of Denmark, especially by abolishing the Latin choir and by introducing Wednesday services during Lent.
At this same time, Denmark-Norway was impacted by the Counter-Reformation efforts of the Roman Catholic Church through propaganda generated by the scholastic revival. Brochmand made the controversy with Rome a subject of his public lectures. In 1626–28, he published his Controversiæ sacræ (3 parts), a reply in the style of Lutheran scholasticism to Cardinal Bellarmine's attacks on the Lutheran Church. In 1634, at the king's order, he engaged in a polemic with the Jesuits, who endeavored to defend the conversion of Christian William, Margrave of Brandenburg to Roman Catholicism.
Against this pamphlet Brochmand delivered a series of lectures which, after his death, were collected and published under the title Apologiæ, speculi veritatis confutatio (1653). His reputation as a dogmatist was established by his Systema universae theologiae (2 vols., 1633) in which he proved himself a firm opponent, not only of the Roman Catholics, but also of Calvinism. He wrote several devotional works, of which his Sabbati sanctificatio was for more than two centuries a favorite collection of sermons with the Danish people.

## Selected works

* Controversiarum sacrarum Pars I (1626)
* Controversiarum sacrarum Pars II (1627)
* Controversiarum sacrarum Pars III: Akropolis pontificatus (1628)
* Systema universae theologiae didacticae, polemicae, moralis (1633)
* Lychnos logou prophetikou oppositus veritatis pontificiae speculo (1634)
* Päpstischer Warheit (1638)
* Sabbati sanctificatio aller Gudelig Betaenkning over alle Evangelier og Epistler paa Sondage og alle hellige Dage (1638)
* Apologiae speculi veritatis confutatio (1653)

## Note

* This article incorporates text from a publication in the public domain: Jackson, Samuel Macauley, ed. (1914). "Brochmand, Jesper Rasmussen". New Schaff–Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge (third ed.). London and New York: Funk and Wagnalls.