OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# James Pine

James Pine (1885-1953) was a vice admiral in the United States Coast Guard and Superintendent of the United States Coast Guard Academy.

## Biography

Pine was born on October 19, 1885, in Cincinnati, Ohio. He died on February 21, 1953.

## Career

Pine was commissioned an ensign in the United States Revenue Cutter Service in 1908. The following year, he was stationed in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
In 1913, Pine was assigned to the USRC Seminole. Later, he commanded the USS Fanning (DD-37), the USS Wainwright (DD-62), the USCGC Itasca and the USCGC George M. Bibb (WPG-31). In 1939, the Revenue Cutter Service merged with the United States Life-Saving Service to form the Coast Guard.
Pine became Superintendent of the Coast Guard Academy in 1940. While there, he received the Legion of Merit for his performance during World War II. He remained in the position until his retirement in 1947.

## Personal life

Admiral Pine was married to Ysabel Cooper Pine (1894–1982), a daughter of the Republic of Hawaii's co-founder, Judge Henry E. Cooper, and was survived by a son and two daughters. Their eldest child, artist Barbara Alice Pine Ramage (1913–2002), was married to US Navy Vice Admiral Lawson P. ("Red") Ramage, a famed submarine commander.
Pine and his wife are buried at Arlington National Cemetery along with their sons James Francis Pine (1920–1935) and Robert Beekman Pine (1923–2009).
# Michael Perkins

Michael Perkins may refer to:
* Michael J. Perkins (1899–1918), US Army soldier
* Michael Perkins (poet) (born 1942), American poet
* Mike Perkins (born 1970), British comic book artist
* M Ross Perkins (born 1987), American songwriter
# KXM

KXM is an American hard rock supergroup formed in 2013, consisting of Korn drummer Ray Luzier, King's X bassist/vocalist dUg Pinnick and Lynch Mob/ex-Dokken guitarist George Lynch. Signed to Rat Pak Records, they have released a self-titled album in 2014, Scatterbrain in 2017 and Circle of Dolls in 2019, the latter through Frontiers Records.

## Background

KXM was formed when the three members met during a birthday party for Luzier's son. The drummer took the other two through a tour of his new home studio and suggested the three put together an album. According to Lynch, the name KXM was derived from each member's full-time band: K from Korn, X from King's X, and M from Lynch Mob.
The band released their self-titled debut album on March 11, 2014, through Rat Pak Records.
A second album, Scatterbrain, was released on March 17, 2017.
In January 2018, it was reported that KXM was in the studio recording their third album, Circle of Dolls, which was released on September 13, 2019, via Frontiers Records.

## Discography

* KXM (Rat Pak Records, 2014)
* Scatterbrain (Rat Pak, 2017)
* Circle of Dolls (Rat Pak; Frontiers, 2019)
# Ubaldo Comandini

Ubaldo Comandini (Cesena, 25 March 1869 – Rome, 1 March 1925) was an Italian lawyer, publicist and politician, several times a parliamentary deputy and minister for the Italian Republican Party.

## Background an early life

Ubaldo Comandini was born into a family with Risorgimento traditions. His uncle, Federico Comandini (1815–1893), had participated in the revolutionary revolts in Romagna in 1831, fought in 1849 against the Austrians in defense of the Roman Republic, took part in the Mazzinian revolts in 1853 and was later arrested, tortured and sentenced to perpetual prison, before being released, in 1865.
Raised in the republican faith, Ubaldo Comandini graduated in law at the University of Bologna and devoted himself to the study of social issues; he wrote in newspapers and magazines. He was mayor of Cesena for many years as well as a provincial councilor. He was particularly interested in cultural institutes, for which his city was cited as a model.
A freemason, he was among those who founded the "Rubicone" lodge of Cesena in 1899. The documents of the lodge indicate that he certainly belonged to it until 1911. He also voted in favor of the Bissolati motion banning religious teaching in primary schools.

## Political career

In 1900, Comandini was elected deputy in the XXI legislature, for the constituency of Cesena, in the lists of the historic extreme left and he enrolled in the parliamentary group of the Italian Republican Party. He was elected a further three times, to the XXII, XXIII and XXIV legislatures, serving until 1921.
A convinced interventionist, he volunteered in the First World War, together with his sons Giacomo and Federico, even though he was then forty-six years old.
From June 1916 to October 1917 he was part of the Boselli Cabinet as a minister without portfolios and, from February 1918 to April 1919, he was General Commissioner in the Orlando government, dealing, in both cases, with propaganda works and war assistance.
His son Federico Comandini was also a politician.

## Works

* Ubaldo Comandini, Additional Notes for the Municipality of Santeramo against the Owners of Matine lands (Note aggiunte per il Comune di Santeramo contro i Possessori delle terre alle Matine), Fratelli Pansini fu S., Bari, 1909.
* Ubaldo Comandini, The school problem in Italy. Primary and popular education (Il problema della scuola in Italia. Istruzione primaria e popolare), Bontempelli and Invernizzi editors, Rome, 1912.
* Ubaldo Comandini, Ecclesiastical politics and school politics (Ubaldo Comandini, Politica ecclesiastica e politica scolastica), Bontempelli and Invernizzi, Rome, 1913.
* Ubaldo Comandini, The problem of the school (Il problema della scuola), Unione editruce, Rome, 1914.
* Ubaldo Comandini, The new Italy to the new France (La nouvelle Italie à la nouvelle France, Comité parisien de la Dante Alighieri, Paris, 1916.
* Ubaldo Comandini, The enemy effort must fail (Lo sforzo nemico deve fallire), Tip. cartiere centrali, Rome, 1917.
# VPB-200

VPB-200 was a Patrol Bombing Squadron of the U.S. Navy. The squadron was established as Bombing Squadron Two Hundred (VB-200) on 1 April 1944, redesignated Patrol Bombing Squadron Two Hundred (VPB-200) on 1 October 1944 and disestablished on 24 October 1945.

## Operational history

* 1 April 1944: VB-200 was established at NAS Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii, as a combat replacement unit providing instruction on multiengine patrol aircraft. The personnel and equipment for the new squadron were drawn from the HEDRON Multiengine Replacement Unit, FAW-2. The squadron's primary duties included training replacement crews, ferrying aircraft and stand-by offshore patrol for Anti-submarine warfare and rescue work. Sections of the squadron operated on Johnston and Midway Atolls for rescue duties. Training squadrons like VB-200 trained fresh crews arriving from the U.S. in their final phases of combat training before being sent into the combat zone. VB-200 trained crews in land-based aircraft such as the PB4Y-1 Liberator, PB4Y-2 Privateer and PV-1 Ventura.
* October 1944: The training squadrons at NAS Kaneohe initially worked with intact squadrons destined for combat deployments. In October 1944 the policy was changed to keep squadrons in the operational areas while sending in new crews to replace combat losses and crews due for rotation based on time-in-theater points.
* May 1945: VPB-200 conducted experiments for the Bureau of Aeronautics in picking up mail with hooks from surface vessels towing kites and balloons. Several successful trials were conducted but the method did not become a standard operating procedure throughout the fleet.
* 24 Oct 1945: VPB-200 was disestablished at NAS Kaneohe, Hawaii.

## Aircraft assignments

The squadron was assigned the following aircraft, effective on the dates shown:
* PV-1 April 1944
* PB4Y-1 April 1944
* PB4Y-2 August 1944
* PV-2 January 1945
# Ipimorpha subtusa

Ipimorpha subtusa, the olive, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in the Palearctic realm (Europe, Russia, Turkey, Siberia, Russian Far East, Mongolia, China, Korea, and Japan).

## Technical description and variation

The wingspan is 27–30 mm. The length of the forewings is 14–16 mm. Forewing with outcurved termen. Forewing olive grey-brown; inner and outer lines outwards directed, the inner straight, the outer slightly curved, pale yellow; the costal edge also yellow; the median shade obscure; the submarginal line faint, with a dark shade before it; the stigmata with pale margins; hindwing dark grey, with the fringe pale; the ab. pallida Tutt is a colourless pale grey form without any rufous or fuscous admixture.

## Biology

The moth flies in one generation from mid-June to mid-September .The spherical, yellowish egg is flattened at the base. It is covered with strong, slightly serrated ribs, about half of which reach the very small, recessed micropyl zone. Larva pale yellowish green; dorsal line broadly, subdorsal narrowly yellowish; spiracular line pale yellow; head yellow marked with black. The larvae feed between the united leaves of aspen and other poplar species. The pupa is reddish brown in colour and has two almost straight, diverging thorns on the kremaster.
# Ochrolechia africana

Ochrolechia africana, commonly known as the frosty saucer lichen, is a species of crustose and corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Ochrolechiaceae. It is a widely distributed species, found in tropical and subtropical areas of southern Africa, Asia, Australia, North America, and South America. The lichen is characterized by the presence of a white "frosty" or powdery apothecia.

## Taxonomy

The lichen was scientifically described as a new species in 1926 by Finnish lichenologist Edvard August Vainio. The type specimen was collected by mycologist Paul Andries van der Bijl from South Africa, from "Durban Trunk of tree" in 1921. The specific epithet refers to the type locality. A common name used in North America is "frosty saucer lichen".

## Description

Ochrolechia africana has a crustose, yellowish-grey to gray thallus with a surface texture ranging from smooth to warted (verruculose or verrucose). The apothecia tend to be under 1.5 mm (0.1 in) in diameter, and have thick margins; they are often covered with a "frosty"-looking pruina, although there are forms that lack pruina. The algal layer makes an almost complete layer under the hypothecium, forming abundant but discontinuous clumps. The ascospores measure 43–67 by 18–30 μm.
Ochrolechia africana contains several secondary chemicals: the orcinol depsides gyrophoric acid, lecanoric acid, 5-methyl-O-methylhiascic acid, 4,5-di-O-methylhiascic acid, and the xanthone lichexanthone. It is this latter compound that causes the lichen to fluoresce bright yellow when shone with a UV light.
The Chinese alpine species Ochrolechia alticola is somewhat similar in appearance to O. africana, but differs in the C+ red reaction of the apothecial margin cortex, the absence of 5-O-methylhiascic acid, as well as its habitat.

## Habitat and distribution

Ochrolechia africana is a widely distributed species, found in tropical and subtropical areas of southern Africa, Asia, Australia, North America, and South America. Reported as new to China in 2013, it is one of about 25 Ochrolechia species known to occur in that country. It typically grows on both the wood and bark of deciduous trees, although it has also been recorded growing on rocks.
Irwin Brodo and James Lendemer reported on an atypical population of Ochrolechia africana they found in the Coastal Plain of southeastern North America; these lichens were sorediate and fertile, rather than the typical asorediate and fertile population that was expected.

## Parasites

Cornutispora lichenicola is a lichenicolous fungus that has been reported growing on Ochrolechia africana lichens in Bolivia. In North America, the fungus Roselliniopsis tropica has been found on O. africana populations in the southeastern United States; infection by the fungus results in the formation of swollen gall-like structures on the lichen thalli. In the Himachal Pradesh and Karnataka districts of India, a new species of lichenicolous fungus, Lichenodiplis ochrolechiae, was found infesting the thallus and apothecial discs of local O. africana populations.
# Thomas Jackson (physicist)

Thomas Jackson FRSE LLD (1773-1837) was a Scottish physicist operating in the early 19th century.

## Life

He was born on 16 December 1773 the eldest son of Thomas Jackson a farmer at Waterhead Farm, Carsphairn in Dumfries and Galloway in south-west Scotland.
He was sent to Glasgow University graduating MA in 1794. After some years teaching Natural Philosophy (Physics) as assistant professor at Glasgow University he became rector of Ayr Academy in 1799 and remained in that role until 1809. He then took up a full professorship at St Andrews University, again in Natural Philosophy.
In 1810 Glasgow University awarded him an honorary doctorate (LLD). In 1816 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Scotland. His proposers were John Playfair, Sir David Brewster and John Murray.
He died on 17 February 1837 in St Andrews. He is buried in the graveyard of St Andrews Cathedral. The grave lies on the south face of the eastern ruins.
# Alvydas Baležentis

Alvydas Baležentis (born 10 January 1949 in Lazdijai district, Lithuania) is a Lithuanian politician and former member of the Seimas.

## Biography

Baležentis was born to a peasant family in Straigiai [lt] village, Lazdijai district, Lithuania on 10 January 1949.
In 1967 Baležentis graduated from the Smailininkai Agricultural Mechanization technical school, in 1973 - from Kaunas Polytechnics Institute. In 1979 he became a doctoral candidate in Economics at the University of Moscow. Since 1977 hew worked at the Lithuanian Academy of Agriculture, as an assistant, lecturer, deputy dean, docent and the head of the Innovation Centre at the Academy.
In the elections in 1992, Baležentis was elected as the member of the Sixth Seimas in the single-seat constituency of Lazdijai-Druskininkai (71), representing the Lithuanian Nationalist Union.
# Martin Ester

Martin Ester FRSC (born November 5, 1958) is a Canadian-German Full Professor of Computing Science at Simon Fraser University. His research focuses on researcher data mining and machine learning.

## Career

After earning his MS.c., Ester worked for Swissair before earning a position at the University of Munich as an Assistant Professor in 1993. Three years later, in 1996, Ester, Hans-Peter Kriegel, Jörg Sander and Xiaowei Xu proposed a data clustering algorithm called "Density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise" (DBSCAN). Their proposal won the 2014 KDD Test of Time Award for "outstanding papers from past KDD Conferences beyond the last decade that have had an important impact on the data mining research community."
A few years later, Ester moved to Vancouver and accepted a position at Simon Fraser University. In 2009, Ester was selected to become an Associate Editor of the IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering.
Between 2010 and 2015, Ester served as the SFU School of Computing Science director, before being succeeded by Greg Mori. In 2016, Arnetminer listed Ester as the world's most influential scholar in data mining. At the time, Arnetminer recorded that Ester authored 169 papers, which gained more than 21,000 citations, and hitting 50 on the h-index. Besides working as a Full Professor at SFU, Ester is also heading research at British Columbia Children's Hospital regarding genetic influence in drug reception and reactions in patients. His research team received a $9.9 million grant from Genome Canada for their research through Genome Canada's 2017 Large-Scale Applied Research Project Competition: Genomics and Precision Health.
As a result of his research, Ester was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada in 2019.
# Amund Helland

Amund Helland (11 October 1846 – 15 November 1918) was a Norwegian geologist, politician and non-fiction writer. He is particularly known for his works on glacial erosion and the role of glaciers in the formation of valleys, fjords and lakes. He is also known for starting the series Norges Land og Folk, published in 20 volumes from 1885 to 1921.

## Personal life

Helland was born in Bergen as the son of merchant Hans Helland (1817–1859) and Karen Marie Folkedal. He had six siblings. When his father died in 1859, his mother earned to the family's living by running a pension. He died in Kristiania in 1918.

## Career

Helland was a student from 1864, and graduated as cand.min. in 1868. In his early career he made excursions to Greenland, Iceland and other European countries. In his first work, the monography Ertsforekomster i Søndhordland og Forekomster af Kise i visse Skifere i Norge from 1871, he claimed unconventional views which were not appreciated by elder colleagues. His pioneering works on glacial erosion and the role of glaciers in the formation of valleys, fjords and lakes, from the mid-1870s, have later become classics. His views on glacial erosion opposed the mainstream theories of the time, but have later been adopted in the geological sciences. He also suggested that the deposits on the North European Plain and the North Sea shelf originated from erosion of Scandinavian fjords. In 1878 he published a popular book on the structure of Earth, Om Jordklodens Bygning. From 1879 he lectured in mining operations, and he was appointed extraordinary professor in 1885. He published a book on the Kongsberg Silver Mines, Kongsbergs sølværks drift før og nu, in 1885, three volumes of a handbook of mining, Haandbog i grubedrift, in 1887. and Norsk bergret med udsigt over andre lands bergværkslovgivning from 1892. His works on soils include Jordbunden i Norge from 1893, Jordbunden i Jarlsberg og Larviks Amt from 1894, and Jordbunden i Romsdals Amt from 1895. Other geological works include Lakis kratere og lavastrømme from 1886 and Lofoten og Vesteraalen from 1897. He initiated the monumental work Norges Land og Folk, a book series published from 1885 until after his death. He was a member of Nordlendingenes Forening and in 1912 he was awarded the Petter Dass Metal (Petter Dass-medaljen).
The mountain of Hellandfjellet at Prins Karls Forland, Svalbard, is named after him, as is the Helland Glacier of South Georgia.

## Selected works

* Norges land og folk. (1885-1921; 20 volumes)
# Ubaldo Gandolfi

Ubaldo Gandolfi (1728–1781) was an Italian painter, draughtsman and sculptor of the late-Baroque period, mainly active in and near Bologna. He is known for his biblical, mythological and allegorical subjects as well as his portraits and nudes. Ubaldo and his brother Gaetano were during their lifetime among the first and most celebrated artists of Italy. This fame was gained by the excellent quality of their works, which lead to many and important commissions they had from courts and countries all over Europe.

## Life

He was born in San Matteo della Decima on an estate in the Po Valley estate which his father managed for a landowner. He enrolled by the age of 17 at the Clementine Academy, where he apprenticed with Ercole Graziani the Younger, Felice Torelli, and Ercole Lelli. The Gandolfi family produced a number of prominent artists, including Ubalso's brother Gaetano, his own sons Giovanni Battista and Ubaldo Lorenzo, as well as his brother's sons Mauro and grandchildren Democrito (who was a pupil of Antonio Canova) and Clementina. Ubaldo, Gaetano and Mauro are considered among the last representatives of the grand manner of painting characteristic of the Bolognese school, that had risen to prominence nearly two centuries earlier with the members of the Carracci family.The Bolognese school of painting focused on realistic depictions of human anatomy and drawing from live models.
Gandolfi's work ranges from Baroque to Neoclassic styles, and specifically recalls the style of Ludovico Carracci. He completed, in 1770–1775, a series of canvases on mythological narratives for the Palazzo Marescalchi in Bologna (two are now in Museum of North Carolina ). A series of seven saints painted by Gandolfi is on display at the Quadreria of the Palazzo Rossi Poggi Marsili in Bologna. He died in Ravenna in 1781.
His pupils include Giuseppe Grimanti, Giovanni Lipparini (il Rosolino), and Nicola Levoli.
# Udagawa Katsutarō

Udagawa Katsutarō (born Hideo Udagawa; December 3, 1939 – July 24, 1989) was a sumo wrestler from Adachi, Tokyo, Japan. He made his professional debut in September 1954 and reached the top division in January 1960. His highest rank was maegashira 3. Upon retirement from active competition he became an elder in the Japan Sumo Association under a series of different names, since he didn't own a toshiyori-kabu of his own. He left the Sumo Association in October 1977.

## Career record

* The Kyushu tournament was first held in 1957, and the Nagoya tournament in 1958.
Udagawa Katsutarō :
| Year | January Hatsu basho, Tokyo | March Haru basho, Osaka | May Natsu basho, Tokyo | July Nagoya basho, Nagoya | September Aki basho, Tokyo | November Kyūshū basho, Fukuoka |
| 1954 | x | x | x | Not held | Shinjo 2–1 | Not held |
| 1955 | East Jonidan #70 2–6 | East Jonidan #68 4–3–1 | East Jonidan #59 4–4 | Not held | West Jonidan #51 5–3 | Not held |
| 1956 | West Jonidan #22 5–3 | East Sandanme #90 7–1 | West Sandanme #59 5–3 | Not held | West Sandanme #59 5–3 | Not held |
| 1957 | West Sandanme #15 5–3 | East Sandanme #2 5–3 | East Makushita #65 3–5 | Not held | East Makushita #72 6–2 | East Makushita #55 6–2 |
| 1958 | East Makushita #46 7–1 | West Makushita #28 5–3 | East Makushita #24 4–4 | West Makushita #22 4–4 | East Makushita #21 7–1 | East Makushita #8 5–3 |
| 1959 | East Makushita #6 6–2 | East Makushita #2 6–2 | East Jūryō #21 10–5 | West Jūryō #14 8–7 | East Jūryō #12 14–1 Champion | West Jūryō #3 10–5 |
| 1960 | West Maegashira #15 7–8 | East Maegashira #16 8–7 | West Maegashira #12 6–9 | West Maegashira #15 8–7 | West Maegashira #10 7–8 | West Maegashira #11 8–7 |
| 1961 | West Maegashira #8 6–9 | East Maegashira #10 6–9 | East Maegashira #12 9–6 | East Maegashira #8 7–8 | East Maegashira #7 8–7 | East Maegashira #4 8–7 |
| 1962 | East Maegashira #3 5–10 | West Maegashira #6 7–8 | East Maegashira #6 8–7 | East Maegashira #5 3–12 | West Maegashira #10 6–9 | East Maegashira #13 9–6 |
| 1963 | East Maegashira #9 7–8 | West Maegashira #9 7–8 | East Maegashira #10 7–8 | East Maegashira #11 8–7 | West Maegashira #8 6–9 | East Maegashira #10 7–8 |
| 1964 | West Maegashira #11 8–7 | East Maegashira #11 5–10 | West Jūryō #2 6–9 | East Jūryō #5 12–3 | West Maegashira #12 8–7 | East Maegashira #10 2–13 |
| 1965 | West Jūryō #3 10–5 | East Maegashira #15 8–7 | West Maegashira #10 7–8 | East Maegashira #11 1–14 | West Jūryō #6 5–10 | East Jūryō #10 6–9 |
| 1966 | East Jūryō #14 8–7 | West Jūryō #10 6–9 | West Jūryō #14 8–7 | East Jūryō #13 8–7 | East Jūryō #9 5–10 | East Jūryō #18 8–7 |
| 1967 | East Jūryō #13 6–9 | West Jūryō #16 1–14 | East Makushita #20 Sat out due to injury 0–0–7 | East Makushita #60 Retired 0–0–7 |
| Record given as wins–losses–absences Top division champion Top division runner-up Retired Lower divisions Non-participation Sanshō key: F=Fighting spirit; O=Outstanding performance; T=Technique Also shown: ★=Kinboshi; P=Playoff(s) Divisions: Makuuchi — Jūryō — Makushita — Sandanme — Jonidan — Jonokuchi Makuuchi ranks: Yokozuna — Ōzeki — Sekiwake — Komusubi — Maegashira |||||||
# Ipimorpha retusa

The double kidney (Ipimorpha retusa) is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in most of Europe. In the east, the range extends through Turkey, Siberia, Mongolia and China to Korea and Japan. The habitat consists of damp marshy places.

## Technical description and variation

I. retusa L. (= vetula Hbn.) (46 h). Forewing olive brown dusted with whitish; inner and outer lines fine, nearly straight, parallel to each other, slightly oblique inwards, and paler edged; subterminal irregular, pale, with a darker shade beyond it; stigmata darker, edged with paler; the reniform on a darker median shade; hindwing fuscous, fringe whitish; — the form gracilis Haw. (= curvata Btlr.) is a redder form. Larva pale green; dorsal line broadly, the two subdorsal slenderly, white; the spiracular line white, waved; head green or dark brown.
The wingspan is 28–32 mm.

## Biology

Adults are on wing from July to September.