OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nazir Ahmed (physicist)

Nazir Ahmed (or Nazir Ahmad) OBE (1 May 1898 – 30 September 1973) was an experimental physicist and the first chairman of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) from 1956 to 1960.
Ahmed was the first vice president of Pakistan central Cotton Committee from 1948 to 1956.

## Life

Ahmed attended the University of Cambridge, UK, receiving PhD in experimental physics working with Ernest Rutherford in 1925 from Cambridge University; his PhD thesis title was "Absorption and scattering of γ-rays".
In 1926 Ahmed joined Arthur Holly Compton's expedition to Kashmir to study the effects of altitude and latitude on cosmic rays.
In 1930, Ahmed came back to India, where he was appointed assistant director at the Technological Laboratory, Central Cotton Committee of India, and became its director after one year. While living in Bombay, he married Razia, a member of the Khader Nawaz Khan family of Madras and the Carnatic Sultanate; her sister Rafia married Ahmed's friend, the naval officer HMS Choudri.
On 9 June 1938, George VI appointed Ahmed an Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire.
In 1945, Ahmed was appointed member of the Indian Tariff Board.
After the partition of India, Ahmed migrated to Karachi in Pakistan, where he held various positions, such as joint secretary of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and the Pakistan Development Board. In 1956, he became the first chairman of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC), a post he held until 1960.
Ahmed was involved in efforts to build a heavy water plant at Multan, but the Pakistan Industrial Development Corporation turned down his request. In 1960, he was transferred to Ministry of Science and Technology under the administration of President Ayub Khan.

## Fellowships

* A fellow of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences (1953–1970).

## Award named after Ahmad

* To honor his services, Dr. Nazir Ahmad Award was named after him by the Pakistan Academy of Sciences.

## Research papers

* Tubewell Theory and Practice, published by Pakistan Academy of Sciences – (Nazir Ahmed) (1979).
* Survey of Fuels & Electric Power Resources in Pakistan, published by Pakistan Academy of Sciences – (Nazir Ahmed) (1972).
# Alberto Couriel

Alberto Couriel Curiel (born 1935 in Juan Lacaze) is a Uruguayan public accountant and politician, belonging to the Broad Front coalition.
He served as Representative (1990–1995) and then as Senator (since 1995). He was a vocal critic of several finance ministers.
He has written several works on Latin American economics: De la democracia política a la democracia económica y social (1999), Globalización, democracia e izquierda en América Latina (1996), Pobreza y subempleo en América Latina (1983), and "La izquierda y el Uruguay del futuro"(2004).
# 2013 Asian Athletics Championships – Women's 200 metres

The women's 200 metres event at the 2013 Asian Athletics Championships was held at the Shree Shiv Chhatrapati Sports Complex on 6–7 July.

## Medalists

| Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Viktoriya Zyabkina Kazakhstan | Asha Roy India | Dutee Chand India |

## Results
### Heats

First 2 in each heat (Q) and 2 best performers (q) advanced to the final.
Wind: Heat 1: -0.2 m/s, Heat 2: +0.4 m/s, Heat 3: +0.2 m/s
| Rank | Heat | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 1 | Maryam Toosi | Iran | 23.64 | Q |
| 2 | 1 | Dutee Chand | India | 23.76 | Q |
| 2 | 2 | Viktoriya Zyabkina | Kazakhstan | 23.76 | Q |
| 4 | 1 | Chisato Fukushima | Japan | 23.96 | q |
| 5 | 3 | Asha Roy | India | 24.01 | Q |
| 6 | 2 | Dana Hussain | Iraq | 24.09 | Q |
| 7 | 2 | Srabani Nanda | India | 24.20 | q |
| 8 | 2 | Li Manyuan | China | 24.24 | |
| 9 | 3 | Sujani Buddika | Sri Lanka | 24.25 | Q |
| 10 | 3 | Olga Andreyeva | Kazakhstan | 24.31 | |
| 11 | 1 | Lin Huijun | China | 24.37 | |
| 12 | 3 | Mayumi Watanabe | Japan | 24.48 | |
| 13 | 3 | Diana Agliulina | Uzbekistan | 24.51 | |
| 14 | 3 | Komalam Selveretnam | Malaysia | 24.82 | |
| 15 | 2 | Zaidatul Zulkifli | Malaysia | 25.29 | |
| 16 | 3 | Najma Parveen | Pakistan | 25.74 | |
| 17 | 2 | Afa Ismail | Maldives | 26.51 | |
| 18 | 3 | Zakia Sultana | Bangladesh | 26.52 | |
| 19 | 1 | Dil Maya Karki | Nepal | 27.57 | |
| 20 | 2 | Nazmur Nahar Buity | Bangladesh | 27.84 | |
| | 1 | Hui Man Ling | Hong Kong | DQ | |
| | 1 | Yelena Ryabova | Turkmenistan | DNS | |
| | 1 | Guzel Khubbieva | Uzbekistan | DNS | |
| | 2 | Maysa Rejepova | Turkmenistan | DNS | |

### Final

Wind: -0.6 m/s
| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time |
| | Viktoriya Zyabkina | Kazakhstan | 23.62 |
| | Asha Roy | India | 23.71 |
| | Dutee Chand | India | 23.811 |
| 4 | Chisato Fukushima | Japan | 23.812 |
| 5 | Maryam Toosi | Iran | 23.83 |
| 6 | Dana Hussain | Iraq | 24.12 |
| 7 | Srabani Nanda | India | 24.38 |
| 8 | Sujani Buddika | Sri Lanka | 24.41 |
# Melittosporiella

Melittosporiella is a genus of fungi in the Rhytismatales order. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the order is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any family.
# Mézières-sur-Seine

Mézières-sur-Seine (French pronunciation: , literally Mézières on Seine) is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France. It is located in the western suburbs of Paris, near the bank of the Seine 47 km (29 mi) west of Paris.
The name of the commune comes from the Latin word: maceria, meaning walls.

## Sites of interest

Saint-Nicolas church, built in the 13th century in Gothic style. A choir was added since the 17th century. It is a listed monument since 1931.
# No Sleep Til Festival

The No Sleep Til Festival was a music festival that was held across Australia and New Zealand in December 2010. The Festival was headlined by Megadeth, who played their album Rust in Peace in its entirety. Other bands included were NOFX, Dropkick Murphys, and Parkway Drive. It also featured punk band Descendents, playing their first Australian shows in their 31-year career.

## Lineup and locations
### Locations

The Festival took place in December across 6 cities in Australia and New Zealand.
* Auckland - ASB Showgrounds (10 December)
* Perth - Arena Joondalup (12 December)
* Adelaide - Adelaide Entertainment Centre (15 December)
* Melbourne - Melbourne Showgrounds (17 December)
* Sydney - Entertainment Quarter (18 December)
* Brisbane - RNA Showgrounds (19 December)

### Lineup
#### Appearing at all shows

* Megadeth
* NOFX
* Dropkick Murphys
* Parkway Drive
* GWAR
* Alkaline Trio
* Frenzal Rhomb
* Suicide Silence
* August Burns Red
* Katatonia
* 3 Inches of Blood
* We Came as Romans

#### Appearing in New Zealand only

* Antagonist A.D.
* Leeches
* Outsiders
* Shitripper

#### Appearing in Australia only

* Me First and the Gimme Gimmes
* House Vs. Hurricane
* Break Even
* Heroes For Hire
* Confession
* A Day To Remember (Adelaide, Melbourne, Sydney & Brisbane only)
* Atreyu (Adelaide, Melbourne, Sydney & Brisbane only)
* Descendents (Melbourne, Sydney & Brisbane only)
# 390 Alma

390 Alma is an asteroid from the intermediate asteroid belt, approximately 24 kilometers in diameter. It was Guillaume Bigourdan's only asteroid discovery. He discovered it on 24 March 1894 in Paris.
# Mary Sturge

Mary Darby Sturge (16 October 1862 – 14 March 1925) was a British medical doctor, known for her pioneering work with alcoholism and championing the importance of preventative medical care. She is credited as being the second woman doctor in Birmingham and was President of the Medical Women's Federation from 1920 to 1922.

## Biography

Sturge was born in Yardley, Birmingham, on 16 October 1862. Her parents were Sara and Wilson Sturge. She was known as Maida in her family where she was the eldest of ten children in prominent Quaker family in the city. Her grandfather, Charles Sturge, was mayor of Birmingham when she was born.
In 1877, Sturge was in the opening class at Edgbaston High School for Girls, the first secondary school for girls in Birmingham. She was educated at the new Mason Science College, the forerunner of Birmingham University, when it opened in 1880, where she was one of the first four women students. She left to study medicine in 1886 at London University, which had opened to women in 1878. She qualified as a doctor at the London School of Medicine for Women in 1891.
Sturge returned to Birmingham in 1895 to take up general practice. In 1896, she began work in anaesthetics at the Birmingham and Midland Hospital for Women. Established in 1871, the hospital was unusual in that constitutionally 50 per cent its committee of management was female. She cared for her aunt, women's rights activist Eliza Sturge, who died at her house in 1905. Sturge inherited her aunt's entire estate.
Sturge became acting honorary surgeon in 1905. She worked at the hospital until 1924, when she retired but remained a consulting surgeon. In 1908, Sturge published, with Sir Victor Horsley and Sir Arthur Newsholme, Alcohol and the Human Body. The book became a popular reference book on alcoholism, selling 85,000 copies in Britain and the USA.
Sturge was an active member of the Birmingham Society for Women's Suffrage.
While president of the Medical Women's Federation from 1920 to 1922 she campaigned for equal pay and the removal of the marriage bar for women in medicine.
She died in Birmingham on 14 March 1925, having suffered from Bell's palsy.
# Aegaeobuthus

Aegaeobuthus is a genus of scorpion in the family Buthidae.
# Melittomma

Melittomma is a genus of beetles in the family Lymexylidae, containing the following species:
* Melittomma africanum (Thomson, 1858)
* Melittomma albitarse Blair, 1936
* Melittomma auberti Fairmaire, 1891
* Melittomma benitonum Fairmaire, 1901
* Melittomma brasiliense (Laporte, 1832)
* Melittomma brunneum Fonseca & Vieira, 2001
* Melittomma coomani Pic, 1945
* Melittomma javanicum (Chevrolat, 1829)
* Melittomma lateritium Fairmaire, 1887
* Melittomma marginellum Schenkling, 1914
* Melittomma nanum Fonseca & Vieira, 2001
* Melittomma oculare (Nakane, 1963)
* Melittomma panamense Fonseca & Vieira, 2001
* Melittomma perrieri Fairmaire, 1901
* Melittomma pervagum (Olliff, 1889)
* Melittomma pilzi Orozco & Díaz, 2018
* Melittomma pubicolle Pic, 1944
* Melittomma sericeum (Harris, 1841)
* Melittomma sicardi Pic, 1939b
* Melittomma vigilans (Lea, 1912)
# Translative case

In grammar, the translative case (abbreviated TRANSL) is a grammatical case that indicates a change in state of a noun, with the general sense of "becoming X " or "change to X ".
In Finnish, it is the counterpart of the essive case, with the basic meaning of a change of state. It is also used for expressing "in (a language)", "considering it is a (status)" and "by (a time)". Its ending is -ksi:
* pitkä "long", venyi pitkäksi "(it) stretched long"
* englanti "English", En osaa sanoa tätä englanniksi "I can't say this in English"
* pentu "cub", Se on pennuksi iso "For a cub, it is big"
* musta aukko "black hole", (muuttui) mustaksi aukoksi "(turned into) a black hole"
* kello kuusi "(at) six o' clock", kello kuudeksi "by six o' clock"
Examples in Estonian, where the ending is -ks:
* pikk "long", venis pikaks "(it) stretched long"
* must auk "black hole", (muutus/muundus) mustaks auguks "(turned into) a black hole"
* kell kuus "(at) six o' clock", kella kuueks "by six o' clock"
In Estonian, translative can also express a temporary or random state. E.g. while a nominative construction would indicate working in a job or profession, as olen koolis õpetaja "I'm a teacher in a school", a similar sentence using translative olen koolis õpetajaks "I work as a teacher in a school" hints at it either being a temporary position, the speaker not being fully qualified, or some other factor of impermanency.
In Hungarian, the ending is -vá / -vé after a vowel; it assimilates to the final consonant otherwise:
* só "salt", Lót felesége sóvá változott "Lot's wife turned into salt"
* fiú "boy; son" fiává fogad "adopt as one's son"
* bolond "fool" bolonddá tett engem "He made a fool out of me."
# Alv Johnsen

Alv Marius Johnsen (26 January 1919 – 14 January 1986) was a Norwegian resistance member, physician and military leader.

## Early life

Johnsen was born in Lier, Norway, the son of Alv I. Johnsen (1885–1943) and Else Marie Johnsen (1890–1969). He took his examen artium in 1938.

## Career
### Military service

When World War II reached Norway in 1940, Johnsen participated in the Battle of Bagn. After Norway's defeat, he helped establish an illegal newspaper. In the autumn of 1941, he had to flee to England through Sweden, Russia, India and Canada. He joined the Norwegian Independent Company 1, and served on a motor torpedo boat from May to December 1944, and was parachuted to Norway in early 1945. He was an instructor for Milorg until the war's end.
He met his wife in the United Kingdom in 1944, Birgit "Tullen" Lützow-Holm. She worked as a secretary at the intelligence office FO II in London during the war, and she was decorated with the Defence Medal 1940–1945. The couple had three children. Birgit was a daughter of aviation pioneer and commander Finn Lützow-Holm and granddaughter of Ole Arntzen Lützow-Holm.

### Medicine

In 1950 Alv Johnsen graduated with the cand.med. degree, and he was a specialist in rheumatology from 1963. He worked at Lillehammer Hospital, Ullevål Hospital and Diakonhjemmet Hospital from 1954 to 1958, then at the Rheumatic Hospital from 1958 to 1963.
He started working as a physician for the Norwegian Army in 1953, and became assisting chief physician in the Army Staff in 1957. He held the rank of captain, advanced to lieutenant colonel in 1958 and major general in 1972. He served as sanitary leader for the United Nations Operation in Gaza (1958) and United Nations Operation in the Congo (1960). From 1972 to 1979 he served as the leader of Norwegian Armed Forces Medical Corps. He was also a member of the disaster preparedness council Norsk Katastroferåd.
Johnsen was awarded several decorations, including the Defence Medal 1940–1945, the Haakon VII 70th Anniversary Medal, the British Defence Medal, the 1939–45 Star and the France and Germany Star. He was also decorated as a Commander of the Order of St. Olav.

## Death

Johnsen died in January 1986 and was buried at Vestre gravlund.
# Transnational eGlobal

Transnational eSolutions, Inc., also known as TeSI, is a Philippine-based e-Commerce Company. It is a member of the Transnational Diversified Group of Companies (TDG), an entity with over 30 member companies with business interests which include Air and Travel, Shipping and Ship Management, Logistics, BPO, and ICT.
TeSI focuses on building e-commerce platforms for businesses and consumers. tripmoba.com is its first project in the Philippine market followed by Argomall.com

## tripmoba.com

Tripmoba.com is the first Filipino online travel site focused in traveling to, from, or within the Philippines. It allows customers to book flights and hotels, access air fares, purchase travel packages, and share trips online.
The name tripmoba is a three-word phrase with Filipino origin. Literally translated, “Trip mo ba?” means “Do you like this?” or “Is this your trip?” According to the Chief Information Officer of TDG, Zaki Delgado, the basis behind calling it “tripmoba,” is to preserve a distinct Filipino flavor but still be identifiable to the international market.

## argomall.com

argomall.com is a Filipino-owned online retailer selling smartphones and other related electronic products in the Philippines. This e-commerce platform also doubles as a comparison site for all available smartphones in the said country.
Argomall.com was founded in November 2015 under the Transnational Diversified Group of Companies. In the following year, Home Credit partnered with Argomall.com which made complete online installment application possible for its customers. Home Credit is a non-bank financial institution that originated in Czech Republic. Moving forward, Argomall.com started accepting cryptocurrencies in 2019 as payment in addition to cash-on-delivery and credit card payment options.
In a report published by the iPrice Group in the second quarter of 2018, foreign players dominate the Philippine e-commerce. The only local player that accelerated is Argomall.com which became the top four most visited e-commerce site in the Philippines in the first quarter of 2019.
# Alycaeidae

Alycaeidae is a taxonomic family of small to large tropical land snails with an operculum, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Cyclophoroidea.

## Genera

* Alycaeus Gray, 1850
* Boucardicus Fischer-Piette & Bedoucha, 1965
* Chamalycaeus Kobelt & Möllendorff, 1897
* Cycloryx Godwin-Austen, 1914
* Dicharax Kobelt & Möllendorff, 1900
* Dioryx Benson, 1859
* Laotia Saurin, 1953
* Messageria Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1904
* Metalycaeus Pilsbry, 1900
* Pincerna Preston, 1907
* Stomacosmethis Bollinger, 1918

### Synonyms

* Alcaeus Gray, 1850: synonym of Alycaeus Gray, 1850 (incorrect subsequent spelling)
* Awalycaeus Kuroda, 1951: synonym of Dicharax Kobelt & Möllendorff, 1900 (junior synonym)
* Cipangocharax Kuroda, 1943: synonym of Dicharax Kobelt & Möllendorff, 1900 (junior synonym)
# 2016 Erste Bank Open

The 2016 Erste Bank Open 500 was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the 42nd edition of the event, and part of the ATP World Tour 500 Series of the 2016 ATP World Tour. It was held at the Wiener Stadthalle in Vienna, Austria, from 24 October through 30 October 2016. First-seeded Andy Murray won the singles title.

## Points and prize money
### Point distribution

| Event | W | F | SF | QF | Round of 16 | Round of 32 | Q | Q2 | Q1 |
| Singles | 500 | 300 | 180 | 90 | 45 | 0 | 20 | 10 | 0 |
| Doubles | 500 | 300 | 180 | 90 | 0 | — | — | — | — |

### Prize money

| Event | W | F | SF | QF | Round of 16 | Round of 32 | Q2 | Q1 |
| Singles | €428,800 | €201,380 | €100,000 | €50,000 | €25,335 | €13,335 | €2,220 | €1,220 |
| Doubles | €126,400 | €59,720 | €28,820 | €14,980 | €7,850 | — | — | — |

## Singles main-draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| GBR | Andy Murray | 2 | 1 |
| CZE | Tomáš Berdych | 9 | 2 |
| AUT | Dominic Thiem | 10 | 3 |
| ESP | Roberto Bautista Agut | 13 | 4 |
| ESP | David Ferrer | 15 | 5 |
| FRA | Jo-Wilfried Tsonga | 16 | 6 |
| FRA | Lucas Pouille | 17 | 7 |
| CRO | Ivo Karlović | 21 | 8 |
* Rankings are as of October 17, 2016

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Karen Khachanov
* Gerald Melzer
* Jürgen Melzer
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Nikoloz Basilashvili
* Benjamin Becker
* Damir Džumhur
* Jan-Lennard Struff

### Withdrawals
#### Before the tournament

* Sam Querrey →replaced by Nicolás Almagro
* Bernard Tomic →replaced by Stéphane Robert

#### During the tournament

* David Ferrer

### Retirements

* Pablo Cuevas
* Kyle Edmund

## Doubles main-draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| GBR | Jamie Murray | BRA | Bruno Soares | 5 | 1 |
| USA | Bob Bryan | USA | Mike Bryan | 11 | 2 |
| ESP | Feliciano López | ESP | Marc López | 23 | 3 |
| POL | Łukasz Kubot | BRA | Marcelo Melo | 32 | 4 |
* Rankings are as of October 17, 2016

### Other entrants

The following pairs received wildcards into the doubles main draw:
* Julian Knowle / Jürgen Melzer
* Dennis Novak / Dominic Thiem
The following pair received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Guillermo Durán / Mariusz Fyrstenberg

## Finals
### Singles

* Andy Murray defeated Jo-Wilfried Tsonga, 6–3, 7–6$^{(8–6)}$

### Doubles

* Łukasz Kubot / Marcelo Melo defeated Oliver Marach / Fabrice Martin, 4–6, 6–3, [13–11]
# Jia Lanpo

Jia Lanpo (Chinese: 贾兰坡; Wade–Giles: Chia Lan-p'o; November 25, 1908 in Yutian, Hebei – July 8, 2001 in Beijing) was a Chinese palaeoanthropologist, considered a founder of Chinese anthropology.
He graduated from the Huiwen Academy in Beijing in 1929 and went on to work as a trainee at the Cenozoic Research Laboratory of the Geological Survey of China. In April 1931 he joined the excavations at Zhoukoudian where fossils of Peking Man were discovered in 1921 and where he worked with many of the most renowned figures in paleoanthropology of his era, including Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, Henri Breuil, Davidson Black, Franz Weidenreich and Pei Wenzhong whom he replaced as the field director of the Zhoukoudian excavations in 1935. After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, he served in many academic positions as well as working in the field, but he is most closely associated with the Chinese Academy of Sciences' Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology (IVPP) in Beijing where Jia played a pivotal role in opening up Chinese paleoanthropological research to foreign scientists beginning in the late 1970s.
Jia was elected a Foreign Associate of the United States National Academy of Sciences in 1994.
His cremated remains are interred behind the museum at the Zhoukoudian site alongside those of his colleagues, Pei Wenzhong and Yang Zhongjian.

## Selected bibliography

* Early Man in China
* The Story of Peking Man
# Nilkantha Upreti

Nilkantha Upreti is a former Chief Election Commissioner of Election Commission of Nepal. He had retired by late 2015.