# List of treaties of China before the People's Republic

This is a list of treaties that have been negotiated, signed and/or ratified by China before the establishment of the People's Republic in 1949, including the imperial Chinese dynasties and the Republic of China (1912–1949). The treaty as a legal document in international law can describe either a specific international instrument or a general category of such instruments of agreement. This list includes the most important examples of both formal treaties and other agreements between China and other nations in this period.

## Tang dynasty

| # | Year | Date | Name | Location | Chinese name | Other party | Note |
| 1 | 783 | - | Treaty of Qingshui | Qingshui | 清水之盟 | Tibetan Empire | |
| 2 | 822 | - | Changqing Treaty | Chang'an | 長慶會盟 | Tibetan Empire | |

## Song dynasty

| # | Year | Date | Name | Location | Chinese name | Other party | Note |
| 1 | 1005 | Jan 28 | Chanyuan Treaty | Chanzhou | 澶淵之盟 | Liao dynasty | |
| 2 | 1141 | Dec 17 | Treaty of Shaoxing | | 紹興和議 | Jin dynasty | |

## Ming dynasty

| # | Year | Date | Name | Location | Chinese name | Other party | Note |
| 1 | 1554 | - | Luso-Chinese agreement | | 中葡協定 | Portugal | Oral trade agreement |

## Qing dynasty

| # | Year | Date | Name | Location | Chinese name | Other party | Note |
| 1 | 1689 | Sep 7 | Treaty of Nerchinsk | Nerchinsk | 尼布楚條約 | Russia | First treaty signed by Qing China, concluding the Sino-Russian border conflicts |
| 2 | 1727 | Oct 21 | Treaty of Kiakhta | Kyakhta | 恰克圖界約 | Russia | Also included 布連斯奇界約, 阿巴哈依圖界約 and 色楞額界約, all signed in 1727 |
| 3 | 1739 | - | Treaty with the Dzungar Khanate | | | Dzungar Khanate | Ceasefire during the Dzungar–Qing Wars |
| 4 | 1768 | Oct 30 | Convention of Kyakhta | Kyakhta | 修改恰克圖界約第十條 | Russia | Addendum to the Treaty of Kiakhta, modifying Article X of the original treaty |
| 5 | 1769 | Dec 22 | Treaty of Kaungton | Kaungton | 中緬臨時和約 | Burma | Tentative agreement in the Sino-Burmese War, then repudiated by both sides |
| 6 | 1792 | Feb 20 | Kyakhta International Protocol | Kyakhta | 恰克圖市約 | Russia | |
| 7 | 1835 | - | Sino-Kokand accord | | 中國—浩罕協定 | Kokand Khanate | |
| 8 | 1841 | Jan 20 | Convention of Chuenpi | Humen | 穿鼻條約 | United Kingdom | Tentative agreement in the First Opium War, then repudiated by both sides |
| 9 | 1842 | Aug 29 | Treaty of Nanking | Nanjing | 南京條約/江寧條約 | United Kingdom | Concluded the First Opium War |
| 10 | 1842 | Sep 17 | Treaty of Chushul | Leh | 楚舒勒條約 | Sikh Empire | Concluded the Dogra–Tibetan war (Sino-Sikh war) |
| 11 | 1843 | Oct 8 | Treaty of the Bogue | Humen | 虎門條約 | United Kingdom | Supplemented the Treaty of Nanking |
| 12 | 1844 | Jul 3 | Treaty of Wanghia | Macau | 望廈條約 | United States | First treaty between China and the United States |
| 13 | 1844 | Oct 24 | Treaty of Whampoa | Huangpu | 黃埔條約 | France | First treaty between China and France |
| 14 | 1846 | Apr 4 | Guangzhou Convention | Human | 英軍退還舟山條約 | United Kingdom | |
| 15 | 1847 | Mar 20 | Treaty of Canton | Guangzhou | 中瑞挪廣州條約 | Sweden/Norway | First treaty between China and Sweden/Norway |
| 16 | 1851 | Aug 6 | Treaty of Kulja | Yining | 伊犁塔爾巴哈臺通商章程 | Russia | First treaty between China and Russia in the 19th century |
| 17 | 1856 | Mar 24 | Treaty of Thapathali | Kathmandu | 藏尼條約 | Nepal | Concluded the Nepal–Tibet War |
| 18 | 1858 | May 28 | Treaty of Aigun | Aigun | 璦琿條約 | Russia | During the Second Opium War, but China refused to ratify it |
| 19 | 1858 | Jun 13 | Treaty of Tientsin | Tianjin | 中俄天津條約 | Russia | During the Second Opium War |
| 20 | 1858 | Jun 18 | Treaty of Tientsin | Tianjin | 中美天津條約 | United States | During the Second Opium War |
| 21 | 1858 | Jun 26 | Treaty of Tientsin | Tianjin | 中英天津條約 | United Kingdom | During the Second Opium War |
| 22 | 1858 | Jun 27 | Treaty of Tientsin | Tianjin | 中法天津條約 | France | During the Second Opium War |
| 23 | 1860 | Oct 24 | Convention of Peking | Beijing | 中英北京條約 | United Kingdom | Concluded the Second Opium War |
| 24 | 1860 | Oct 25 | Convention of Peking | Beijing | 中法北京條約 | France | Concluded the Second Opium War |
| 25 | 1860 | Nov 14 | Convention of Peking | Beijing | 中俄北京條約 | Russia | Confirmed the terms in the Treaty of Aigun |
| 26 | 1861 | Sep 2 | Treaty with Germany | Tianjin | 中德通商條約 | Prussia | Following the Eulenburg expedition |
| 27 | 1863 | Jul 13 | Treaty with Denmark | Tianjin | 中丹天津條約 | Denmark | |
| 28 | 1864 | Oct 7 | Treaty of Tarbagatai | Tacheng | 中俄勘分西北界約記/塔城界約 | Russia | |
| 29 | 1868 | Jul 28 | Burlingame Treaty | Washington, D.C. | 中美天津條約續增條款 | United States | |
| 30 | 1869 | Oct 23 | Alcock Convention | Beijing | 中英新修條約 | United Kingdom | Not ratified by the United Kingdom |
| 31 | 1871 | Sep 13 | Sino-Japanese Friendship and Trade Treaty | Tianjin | 中日修好條規 | Japan | First treaty between China and the Empire of Japan |
| 32 | 1874 | Oct 31 | Instrument settling Ryukyu-Taiwan affair | Beijing | 中日北京專條 | Japan | |
| 33 | 1876 | Sep 13 | Chefoo Convention | Zhifu | 煙臺條約 | United Kingdom | Ratified in 1885 |
| 34 | 1879 | Oct 2 | Treaty of Livadia | Livadia | 里瓦幾亞條約 | Russia | Repudiated by China and replaced by the Treaty of Saint Petersburg |
| 35 | 1880 | Mar 31 | Supplementary Convention with Germany | Beijing | 中德續修條約 | Germany | |
| 36 | 1880 | Nov 17 | Angell Treaty of 1880 | Beijing | 中美續修條約 | United States | |
| 37 | 1881 | Feb 24 | Treaty of Saint Petersburg | Saint Petersburg | 中俄伊犁條約/改訂條約 | Russia | |
| 38 | 1882 | Oct 1 | China–Korea Treaty of 1882 | Tianjin | 中朝商民水陸貿易章程 | Joseon | First treaty between China and Joseon in the 19th century |
| 39 | 1882 | Oct 29 | Sino-Russian boundary treaty | Yining | 中俄伊犁界約 | Russia | |
| 40 | 1885 | Apr 18 | Convention of Tientsin | Tianjin | 中日天津會議專條 | Japan | Following the Gapsin Coup in Joseon |
| 41 | 1885 | Jun 9 | Treaty of Tianjin | Tianjin | 中法新約/中法會訂越南條款 | France | Following the Sino-French War and recognized the French rule in Vietnam |
| 42 | 1886 | Jul 24 | Convention concerning Burma and Tibet | Beijing | 中英緬甸條款 | United Kingdom | Recognized the British annexation of Burma |
| 43 | 1886 | Apr 25 | Convention of Tianjin | Tianjin | 中法越南邊界通商章程 | France | |
| 44 | 1887 | Dec 1 | Sino-Portuguese Treaty of Peking | Beijing | 中葡和好通商條約 | Portugal | Recognized the Portugal colonial rights in Macao |
| 45 | 1887 | Jun 26 | Convention of Beijing | Beijing | 中法續議界務專條 | France | |
| 46 | 1887 | Jun 26 | Additional Commercial Convention | Beijing | 中法續議商務專條 | France | |
| 47 | 1890 | Mar 17 | Convention of Calcutta | Kolkata | 中英藏印條約 | United Kingdom | Recognized the British control over Sikkim |
| 48 | 1893 | Dec 5 | Relating to Sikkim and Tibet of 1890 | Darjeeling | 中英藏印續約 | United Kingdom | |
| 49 | 1894 | Mar 17 | Gresham-Yang Treaty | Washington, D.C. | 限禁來美華工保護寓美華人條約 | United States | Withdrawal of China in 1904 |
| 50 | 1895 | Apr 17 | Treaty of Shimonoseki | Shimonoseki | 馬關條約 | Japan | Following the First Sino-Japanese War |
| 51 | 1895 | Jun 20 | Additional Commercial Articles 1895 | Beijing | 中法續議商務專條附章 | France | |
| 52 | 1896 | Jun 3 | Li–Lobanov Treaty | Saint Petersburg | 中俄密約/禦敵互相援助條約 | Russia | Secret treaty |
| 53 | 1898 | Mar 6 | Treaty with Germany concerning Kiaochow Bay | Beijing | 中德膠澳租界條約 | Germany | For the Kiautschou Bay Leased Territory |
| 54 | 1898 | Mar 27 | Convention for the Lease of the Liaotung Peninsula | Beijing | 旅大租地條約 | Russia | For the Kwantung Leased Territory |
| 55 | 1898 | Jul 6 | Treaty on South Manchurian Railway | Saint Petersburg | 東省鐵路公司續約合同 | Russia | |
| 56 | 1898 | Jun 9 | Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory | Beijing | 展拓香港界址專條 | United Kingdom | For the lease of the New Territories |
| 57 | 1899 | Nov 16 | Treaty of Kwangchow Wan | Guangzhou Bay | 廣州灣租界條約 | France | For the Leased Territory of Guangzhouwan |
| 58 | 1899 | Jul 29 | Hague Convention of 1899 | The Hague | 海牙公約 | Various countries | Negotiated at international peace conferences |
| 59 | 1901 | Sep 7 | Boxer Protocol | Beijing | 辛丑條約/各國和約 | 11 countries | Concluded the Eight-Nation Alliance's defeat of the Boxer Rebellion |
| 60 | 1902 | Apr 8 | Convention with regard to Manchuria | Beijing | 交收東三省條約 | Russia | |
| 61 | 1902 | Sep 5 | Mackay Treaty | Shanghai | 中英續議通商行船條約 | United Kingdom | |
| 62 | 1903 | Oct 8 | Treaty of Shanghai | Shanghai | 中美通商行船續約 | United States | |
| 63 | 1904 | Sep 7 | Convention of Lhasa | Lhasa | 拉薩條約 | United Kingdom | Following the British expedition to Tibet, but China refused to sign it |
| 64 | 1904 | Dec 21 | Hague Convention on Hospital Ships | The Hague | 關於戰時醫院船免稅的公約 | Various countries | Supplemented the Hague Convention of 1899 |
| 65 | 1905 | Dec 22 | Treaty with regard to Manchuria | Beijing | 中日會議東三省事宜條約 | Japan | Following the Russo-Japanese War |
| 66 | 1906 | Apr 27 | Anglo-Chinese Convention Regarding Tibet | Beijing | 中英續訂藏印條約 | United Kingdom | Concluded the British expedition to Tibet |
| 67 | 1907 | Oct 18 | Hague Convention of 1907 | The Hague | 海牙公約 | Various countries | Negotiated at international peace conferences |
| 68 | 1908 | Apr 20 | Treaty on Tibet Trade | Kolkata | 中英修訂藏印通商章程 | United Kingdom | |
| 69 | 1908 | Jul 2 | Sino-Swedish Treaty of 1908 | Beijing | 中瑞通商條約 | Sweden | First treaty between China and modern Sweden |
| 70 | 1909 | Sep 4 | Gando Convention | Beijing | 圖們江中韓界務條款 | Japan | |
| 71 | 1911 | May 8 | Treaty Concerning Opium | Beijing | 中英禁煙條件 | United Kingdom | |
| 72 | 1911 | Dec 20 | Treaty of Manzhouli | Qiqihar | 滿洲里界約 | Russia | Not ratified by China |

## Republic of China

| # | Year | Date | Name | Location | Chinese name | Other party | Note |
| 1 | 1914 | Jul 3 | Simla Convention | Simla | 西姆拉條約 | Tibet, United Kingdom | Not signed by China |
| 2 | 1915 | Jan 18 | Twenty-One Demands | | 二十一條 | Japan | China reluctantly accepted most terms |
| 3 | 1915 | May 29 | Treaty of Kyakhta | Kyakhta | 中俄蒙協約 | Mongolia, Russia | |
| 4 | 1918 | May 16/19 | Sino-Japanese Joint Defence Agreement | Beijing | 中日共同防敵軍事協定 | Japan | Following China's entry into the World War I |
| 5 | 1919 | Jun 28 | Treaty of Versailles | Versailles | 凡爾賽條約 | Various countries | Concluded the World War I, but China refused to sign it |
| 6 | 1922 | Feb 6 | Nine-Power Treaty | Washington, D.C. | 九國公約 | 8 countries | Following the Washington Naval Conference |
| 7 | 1924 | May 31 | Sino-Soviet agreement of 1924 | Beijing | 中蘇解決懸案大綱協定 | Soviet Union | |
| 8 | 1925 | Jun 17 | Geneva Protocol | Geneva | 日內瓦議定書 | Various countries | |
| 9 | 1928 | - | Treaty Concerning Tariff Regulation | | 關稅條約 | Various countries | Signed separately for each country |
| 10 | 1933 | May 31 | Tanggu Truce | Tanggu | 塘沽協定 | Japan | Following the Japanese invasion of Manchuria |
| 11 | 1935 | Jun 10 | He–Umezu Agreement | Beijing | 何梅協定 | Japan | |
| 12 | 1935 | Jun 27 | Qin–Doihara Agreement | Beijing | 秦土協定 | Japan | Following the North Chahar incident |
| 13 | 1937 | Aug 21 | Sino-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact | Nanjing | 中蘇互不侵犯條約 | Soviet Union | During the Second Sino-Japanese War |
| 14 | 1943 | Jan 11 | Sino-American Treaty abolition of extraterritoriality | Washington, D.C. | 關於取消美國在華治外法權及處理有關問題之條約 | United States | During the World War II |
| 15 | 1943 | Jan 11 | Sino-British Treaty abolition of extraterritoriality | Chongqing | 關於取消英國在華治外法權及其有關特權條約 | United Kingdom | During the World War II |
| 16 | 1945 | Jun 26 | Charter of the United Nations | San Francisco | 聯合國憲章 | Various countries | Foundational treaty of the United Nations |
| 17 | 1945 | Aug 14 | Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance | Moscow | 中蘇友好同盟條約 | Soviet Union | At the end of the World War II |
| 18 | 1945 | Oct 10 | Double Tenth Agreement | Chongqing | 雙十協定 | Chinese Communist Party | At the end of the World War II |
| 19 | 1946 | Nov 4 | Sino-American Treaty of Commerce & Navigation | Nanjing | 中美友好通​​商航海條約 | United States | |
| 20 | 1947 | Apr 18 | Sino-Philippine Treaty of Amity | Manila | 中菲友好條約 | Philippines | |