OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Michael D. Ratchford

Michael D. Ratchford (August 1860 – December 12, 1927) was an Irish-American labor leader and president of the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) from 1897 to 1898. Ratchford is remembered for his leadership of a coal strike during the summer of 1897, which lead to the establishment of a national scale of wages and hours for the industry.

## Background

Michael D. Ratchford was born in August 1860 in County Clare, Ireland. He attended public school and emigrated to the United States in 1872 with his parents. The family settled in Massillon, Ohio, where Ratchford would marry the former Deborah Jordan in 1884.

## Career

Ratchford started working in coal mines when he was just 12 years old. He became active in the United Mine Workers of America after its formation in 1890 and was elected local union president that year. He was hired as an organizer by the international union in 1893 and was elected President of UMWA District 6 in 1895. After UMWA president Phil Penna declined to run for a full term in 1895, Ratchford was elected as his successor.
During his single term as UMWA president, Ratchford dramatically re-invigorated the union, which had been reduced to a membership of only 10,000 members with a treasury of just $600 at the time. He led a hugely successful national coal miners' strike in July 1897 which involved more than 100,000 workers. Supported by the American Federation of Labor, the strike lasted 12 weeks and shut down almost all coal production in the United States. The strike was settled when mine owners agreed to sign a national master contract, the Central Competitive Field Agreement. It covered all coal-producing states except West Virginia, a state in which the miners had failed to join the strike in significant measure. The agreement established the eight-hour day and dramatically raised wages to 65 cents per ton. More than 23,000 miners joined the union, raising its membership to 33,000 and putting its finances on firm financial ground.
Ratchford resigned as President in 1898 to serve on the United States Industrial Commission, remaining on it for two years. An ardent Republican and personal friend of both William McKinley and Mark Hanna, Ratchford was appointed Ohio's commissioner of labor statistics in 1900, a position which he would retain for eight years. In 1909, Ratchford was named commissioner of the Ohio Coal Operators, and in 1913, assumed the same position with the Illinois Coal Operators' Association. He served in this last position until his death.

### Death

Michael Ratchford died age 67 in Massillon on December 12, 1927.
# Paine Run Rockshelter

The Paine Run Rockshelter (44-AU-158) is an archaeological site in Shenandoah National Park, in Augusta County, Virginia, United States.
The site was discovered during the early 1970s as part of a comprehensive survey of the national park. It is one of fifteen sites that the survey found along Paine Run,$^{:135}$ a group that also includes archaeological site 44-AU-154 and the Blackrock Springs Site.$^{:136}$ Located in a mountainside hollow,$^{:21}$ near three other rockshelters,$^{:135}$ the site is deeply stratified.$^{:25}$ It is a small shelter, only about 45 square metres (480 sq ft) in area, and little taller than the average man.$^{:71}$ The shelter faces northward, toward the narrow floodplain and Paine Run, which flows approximately 15 metres (49 ft) away;$^{:73}$ it sits just east of site 44-AU-154.$^{:71}$
While other archaeological sites in Paine Run Hollow date primarily from the Archaic period,$^{:43}$ the rockshelter appears to have been occupied at a period of culture change, as the inhabitants were in the process of transitioning from the use of quartzite to cryptocrystalline for their stone tools.$^{:42}$ Evidence of occupation persists as late as the fourteenth century AD.$^{:167}$ The site's two components yielded eight hundred and fifteen hundred separate artifacts in total;$^{:198}$ its artifactual density was the highest of any site recorded by the survey, prompting its interpretation as a regional base camp used frequently by larger groups of people.$^{:163}$ The surveyors readily conducted a test excavation after finding many lithic flakes, pieces of pottery, and projectile points on the surface.$^{:73}$ The ceramics are dominated by a form known as "Albemarle cord-marked", which represents nearly two-thirds of potsherds found in the shelter.$^{:78}$ Meanwhile, the shapes of the surviving lithic flakes (small pieces with almost no cores) appears to indicate that toolmaking done in the shelter consisted of refining rough work that had been performed elsewhere.$^{:80}$
The site's archaeological value is so significant that it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in December 1985, together with 44-AU-154 and the Blackrock Springs Site.
# Baeoentedon balios

Baeoentedon balios, the balios wasp, is a species of chalcid wasp which was first described from China in 2014. It is a parasitoid of whiteflies of the family Aleyrodidae.

## Description

Baeoentedon balios adults are around 0.9 mm in length, the head and thorax are metallic blue-black in colour, while the abdomen is pale yellow. The antennae have a largely white scape with a pale pedicel and its legs are coloured pale yellow. The hyaline forewing has an apical transverse brown cloud.

## Distribution

Baeoentedon balios was described in 2014 from specimens taken from Xiamen in Fujian, in December 2014 it was discovered in Homestead, Florida, the first record of the genus Baeoentedon in the New World. A survey in 2015 recorded balios wasps in four counties of southern Florida, Broward, Miami-Dade, Monroe, and Palm Beach. Within Florida the wasp is likely to be spread by being transported with Ficus trees infested with whiteflies.

## Biology

Baeoentedon balios is a parasitoid of whitefly, specifically ficus whiteflies. The type specimen was reared from Pealius spina which had been collected on Ficus religiosa. These wasps develop through six distinct stages from the egg through three larval instars, a pupa like stage and an imago and this takes 19–24 days at room temperature. They are able to parasitise whitefly nymphs in the first, second and third instars but they appear to prefer the second instar. As well as parasitizing the nymphs the wasps can also cause high level of mortality among them when they are probed by or fed on by the adults, 76% of the first instar nymphs which were probed or fed on by adult balios wasps subsequently died. A parasitized nymph has a tiny pinhole on its right side in the middle and turns dark yellow and as it grows the asp larva can be visible. When the adult wasp emerges it creates a neat round hole in the nymph's exoskeleton. Encarsia variegate has been recorded as a hyperparasitoid of B. balios. B. balios has only been recorded as parasitizing two species of host, Pealius spina in China and Singhiella simplex in Florida, both are ficus whiteflies and in Florida most specimens of B. balios were found on Ficus benjamina which is a popular hedging tree in that region. Since its discovery in Florida B balios has been found to be the dominant and most consistent parasitoid to attack ficus whitefly.
# McGreevey (surname)

McGreevey is an Irish surname originating in Clare Ireland. Notable people with the surname include:
* Dina Matos McGreevey, Jim McGreevey's ex-wife
* Jim McGreevey (born 1957), 52nd Governor of New Jersey
* John McGreevey (1922−2010), American screenwriter
* Michael McGreevey (born 1948), American actor and screenwriter
* William McGreevey (born 1938), American economist
# Us Three

Us Three is an album by American jazz pianist Horace Parlan featuring performances recorded and released on the Blue Note label in 1960.

## Reception

The Allmusic review by Thom Jurek awarded the album 4 stars and stated: "The proceedings here are straight-ahead with some cool soul-jazz touches... This is a fine effort from an underappreciated trio".
Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |

## Track listing

    All compositions by Horace Parlan except as indicated
* "Us Three" - 4:33
* "I Want to Be Loved" (Savannah Churchill) - 4:50
* "Come Rain or Come Shine" (Harold Arlen, Johnny Mercer) - 6:26
* "Wadin'" - 5:52
* "The Lady Is a Tramp" (Lorenz Hart, Richard Rodgers) - 7:09
* "Walkin'" (Richard Carpenter) - 7:05
* "Return Engagement" - 4:48

## Personnel

* Horace Parlan - piano
* George Tucker - bass
* Al Harewood - drums
# Very (Martian crater)

Very is a crater on Mars, located south of the planet's equator in the heavily cratered highlands of Terra Sirenum in the Phaethontis quadrangle at 49.2°S and 177.1°W. It measures approximately 114.81 kilometres (71.34 mi) in diameter. The crater was named after American astronomer Frank Washington Very.

## Description

On the basis of their form, aspects, positions, and location amongst and apparent interaction with features thought to be rich in water ice, many researchers believed that the processes carving the gullies involve liquid water. However, this remains a topic of active research.
As soon as gullies were discovered, researchers began to image many gullies over and over, looking for possible changes. By 2006, some changes were found. Later, with further analysis it was determined that the changes could have occurred by dry granular flows rather than being driven by flowing water. With continued observations many more changes were found in Gasa Crater and others.
With more repeated observations, more and more changes have been found; since the changes occur in the winter and spring, experts are tending to believe that gullies were formed from dry ice. Before-and-after images demonstrated the timing of this activity coincided with seasonal carbon-dioxide frost and temperatures that would not have allowed for liquid water. When dry ice frost changes to a gas, it may lubricate dry material to flow especially on steep slopes. In some years frost, perhaps as thick as one metre (3 ft 3 in).
# Jörg Klocke

Jörg Klocke (born 25 January 1960) is a retired West German long jumper.
He finished seventh at the 1980 European Indoor Championships in Sindelfingen. He became West German champion in 1982, representing the sports club TV Wattenscheid.
His personal best jump was 8.09 metres, achieved in July 1982 in München.
# Octopus oculifer

Octopus oculifer, also known as the Galápagos octopus, is a species of octopus endemic to the coast of the Galápagos, and has been identified in the Revillagigedos ecoregion, living between 0-50 m deep.
# Mou (surname)

Móu (牟) is a Chinese surname.

## Notable people

* Mou Zongsan (Chinese: 牟宗三; pinyin: Móu Zōngsān; Wade–Giles: Mou Tsung-san, 1909–1995), Chinese New Confucian philosopher
* Mou Tun-fei (牟敦芾, 1941–2019), Chinese filmmaker
* Mou Shantao (born 1990), Chinese footballer
# Arise (horse)

Arise (foaled 1946 at Hamburg Place in Kentucky) was a Canadian Hall of Fame Thoroughbred racehorse.

## Background

Arise was sired by the 1936 Santa Anita Derby winner, He Did, a son of the 1928 Preakness Stakes winner, Victorian. Out of the dam Coralie B., his damsire Apprehension was a grandson of English Triple Crown champion, Rock Sand.
Breeder R. M. Wood sold Arise in 1946 to Torontonians Harry Addison, Sr. and Mrs. Jack Addison. They entrusted the colt's race conditioning to future Canadian Horse Racing Hall of Fame trainer, Jim Bentley.

## Racing career

In 1948 the two-year-old Arise was sent south to race in New York State where he won twice and was notably second in the Youthful Stakes, a race that at the time was one of the most important of the year for juveniles. As a three-year-old in 1949, Arise earned wins of importance in both Canada and the United States. At Toronto's Thorncliffe Park Raceway he set a track record for six furlongs and at Long Branch Racetrack he won the Canadian Championship Stakes. Racing in the United States, at New York's Saratoga Race Course Arise captured the Travers Stakes, marking the first-ever win in that prestigious race by a Canadian-owned horse. In the Jerome Handicap, he finished second by a nose to Capot. At age four, Arise continue to perform with the best. At Aqueduct Racetrack in Queens, New York he won the Excelsior Handicap and the Fall Highweight Handicap plus the American Legion Handicap at Saratoga Race Course.
Arise was sent back to the track at age six and won the 1951 Monmouth Handicap, the Questionnaire Handicap and defeated Piet in winning the Carter Handicap.

## Stud record

Retired from racing, in 1953 Arise was sent to stand at stud at Kentucky's renowned Claiborne Farm. His time as a stallion was limited as he produced only a few offspring in 1954 and 1955, non of which met with racing success.
# Amor vuol sofferenza

Amor vuol sofferenza is a 1739 commedia per musica in three acts by Leonardo Leo to a libretto by Antonio Federico Gennaro (d.1744). It was first performed at Naples, Teatro Nuovo. Leo was working on a revision to be entitled La finta Frascatana in 1744 when he died, which was completed by Matteo Capranica.

## Cast

La fedeltà odiata Teatro dei Fiorentini 1744
* Fazio - fool, lucchese, bass, premiered by Gioacchino Corrado
* Alessandro - young Romano, lover of Eugenia, the enamoured with Camilla, contralto travesti, premiered by Antonia Colasanti
* Camilla - innamorata di Ridolfo, soprano, premiered by Maddalena Frizzi
* Vastarella - della villa di Portici, enamoured first with Mosca, then with Fazio, soprano, premiered by Margherita Pozzi
* Eugenia - feigned fraschetana, servant in the house of Alessandro's uncle known as Ninetta, lover of Alessandro contralto
* Ridolfo - young Genovese in love with Eugenia taken for Ninetta, soprano castrato, premiered by Giacomo Ricci
* Mosca - old man, napoletano in love with Vastarella, bass, premiered by Girolamo Piani

## Recordings

* Amor vuol sofferenza Marilyne Fallot, Giovanna Donadini, Marilena Laurenza. Nuova Orchestra Scarlatti di Napoli, Daniele Moles, Nuova Era 3CD
# Vive O 2004!

The Vive O 2004! is an album with various artists, released on June 14, 2004 as the official music album for UEFA Euro 2004 in Portugal.

## Track listing

* "All Together Now" – The Farm
* "Beautiful Day" – U2
* "You're So Pretty" – Charlatans
* "That's Entertainment" – The Jam
* "Supersonic" – Oasis
* "Riverboat Song" – Ocean Colour Scene
* "Welcome To The Cheap Seats" – The Wonderstuff
* "Staying Out For The Summer" – Dodgy
* "Love Spreads" – The Stone Roses
* "England's Irie" – Black Grape
* "Born In England" – Twisted X
* "Hate to Say I Told You So" – The Hives
* "You Get What You Give" – New Radicals
* "Going For Gold" – Shed Seven
* "Eat My Goal" – Collapsed Lung
* "Força" – Nelly Furtado
* "My Favourite Game" – The Cardigans
* "You and Me Song – The Wannadies
* "Walk Away" – Cast

### Charts

| Chart (2004) | Peak position |
| German Compilation Albums (Offizielle Top 100) | 26 |
# Baeoentedon

Baeoentedon is a genus of hymenopteran insects of the family Eulophidae, they are parasitoids of whitefly from the family Aleyrodidae which are found on trees of the genus Ficus. They have been recorded from Australia, China, India, Indonesia and Florida. A fifth species, Baeoentodon farazi, was described from Karnataka, India, in 2017.
# Chuck Gavin

Chuck Gavin (December 26, 1933 – December 1, 2012) was an American football defensive end. He played for the Denver Broncos from 1960 to 1963.
He died on December 1, 2012, in Denver, Colorado at age 78.
# Us and Them

Us and Them may refer to:
* The sociological concept of in-group and out-group
* Us & Them, an American television series
* Us and Them (Australian TV series), a 1994 Australian comedy television series
* "Us and Them" (song), by Pink Floyd
* Us + Them Tour, a concert tour by Roger Waters
* Us and Them (Shinedown album), 2005
* Us and Them (Godflesh album), 1999
* Us and Them: Symphonic Pink Floyd, a Pink Floyd tribute album
* Us and Them, a one-act play by David Campton
* Us and Them (film), a 2018 Chinese drama film
# Conseil national du patronat français

The Conseil national du patronat français (CNPF; National Council of French Employers) was an employers' organization created in December 1945 on request of the Provisional Government of the French Republic, which wanted a representative organization of all of the employers.

## Origins

On 27 July 1944 the Free French government in Algiers annulled the Vichy decrees, dissolved the Peasant Corporation (Corporation paysanne) and reestablished all the syndicates of 1939 apart from the Confédération générale du patronat français (CGPF), which represented employers. The Centre des jeunes patrons (CJP) helped organize the CNPF in 1944, as did various leading employers with modern and civic-minded views. Henri Lafond worked with Pierre Ricard and Henri Davezac to form the CNPF. Georges Villiers was the first president.

## History

A division soon appeared between those such as Lafond who felt employers deserved certain rights, which should be regulated by law, and those who were opposed to any diminution of the absolute authority of the patron. The latter group included Marcel Meunier (1893–1971), a declared paternalist who became head of the CNPF social commission. Under the initiative of Ernest-Antoine Seillière, the CNPF transformed itself in 1998 into the MEDEF (Mouvement des Entreprises de France).
# Veliki Videm

Veliki Videm (pronounced) is a small settlement north of Šentlovrenc in the Municipality of Trebnje in eastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola. The Municipality of Trebnje is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.
# Marle

Marle may refer to:
* Marle (Chrono Trigger), a character from the 1995 video game Chrono Trigger
* Marle, Aisne, a commune in France
* Marle, a hamlet in the Dutch municipality of Olst-Wijhe
* Marle, a hamlet in the Dutch municipality of Hellendoorn
# Vishnulokam

Vishnulokam (transl. Realm of Vishnu) is a 1991 Indian Malayalam-language romantic drama film directed by Kamal, written by T. A. Razzaq, and produced by Sanal Kumar and G. Suresh Kumar. The film stars Mohanlal, Shanthi Krishna, Urvashi, and Murali. The songs featured in the film were composed by Raveendran, while Johnson provided the background score.

## Plot

Govindan Aashaan, Kumari Kasthuri, Tharakan, and Bheemarajan reach a village as part of their street circus troupe but their main performer, Sankunni, reaches there only later. Sankunni sees Savithrikutty and falls in love. The evil landlord, Prathapa Varma, has an eye on Savithrikutty. Sankunni asks Savithrikutty not to surrender before Prathapa Varma and persuades her to come along with him; but Savithri does not agree. Prathapa Varma's people beat Govindan Aashaan and others, making them decide to go to some other place. Sankunni sees Savithri Kutty and asks her to come along with him to the new place. Prathapa Varma's people beat Sankunni and kidnaps Savithrikutty. Sankunni reaches Prathapa Varma's house and tries to kill him. At last, he takes Savithrikutty with him.

## Cast

* Mohanlal as Sankunni
* Shanthi Krishna as Savithri
* Urvashi as Kasthoori
* Murali as Prathapa Varma Thampuran
* Balan K. Nair as Govindan Aashaan
* Sukumari as Vilasini
* Nedumudi Venu as Krishnanunni
* Oduvil Unnikrishnan as Achuthan
* Santhosh as Sathyan
* Maniyanpilla Raju as Jayakrishnan
* Krishnankutty Nair
* Aranmula Ponnamma
* Kaithapram
* Bobby Kottarakkara as Bheemarajan
* Jagadish as Tharakan
* Kaveri
* Nayana
* Shyama
* Soorya

## Production

Vishnulokam was the debut film of Dileep who worked as assistant director. Initially, producer G. Suresh Kumar's wife and actress, Menaka, was decided in the role of Savithri and had 20 days work charted, but opted out due to difficulty in managing her baby daughter, (Revathy), and work at the same time. Later, Shanthi Krishna was cast in the role.

## Trivia

This was the first movie in which actor Dileep joined as an assistant director to Kamal. Kamal mentioned in an online program that since the movie had maximum night shoots, it was Dileep who used to keep the film unit entertained after dinner with his mimicry.

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by Raveendran and the lyrics were written by Kaithapram Damodaran. A version of the famous Mukesh song "Awaara Hoon", composed by Shankar Jaikishan and written by Hasrat Jaipuri, was also used in the film. This version was crooned by actor Mohanlal. The songs "Mindaathathenthe" and "Kasthoori Ente Kasthoori" are quite popular still today among Kerala audiences.
All lyrics are written by Kaithapram Damodaran, except where noted; all music is composed by Raveendran
# Pachliopta antiphus

Pachliopta antiphus is a species of butterfly from the family Papilionidae (swallowtails) that is found in Sumatra, Borneo and the Philippines.
The larvae feed on Aristolochia.

## Taxonomy

The taxonomic position of P. a. antiphus is uncertain. It is regarded as conspecific with Pachliopta aristolochiae by Tsukada and Nishiyama (1982) and Fujioka et al. but recognized as a separate species by Page & Treadaway (1995).

### Subspecies

* P. a. antiphus
* P. a. acuta (Druce, 1873) – Philippines: Jolo, Mapun, Tawitawi, Sanga Sanga, Sibutu, Basilan
* P. a. brevicauda (Staudinger, 1889) – Philippines: Busuanga, Cuyo, Dumaran, Palawan
* P. a. elioti (Page & Treadaway, 1995) – Philippines: Siasi
The following subspecies are treated as junior synonyms of Pachliopta antiphus antiphus by Page & Treadaway (1995):
* Papilio aristolochiae poseidippus Fruhstorfer, 1911
* Papilio aristolochiae kameiros Fruhstorfer, 1911
# Brigitte van den Berg

Brigitte van den Berg (born 22 March 1989) is a Dutch politician of Democrats 66 who has served as Member of the European Parliament since 2024.

## Early life and career

Van den Berg was a member of the Model European Parliament, and attended its international conferences in 2006 and 2007. At the age of 19, she watched a municipal council meeting to prepare for a political farce at the Young Art Festival, and became interested in its debates. She joined Democrats 66 because of its pro-European stance, and became leader of its Beverwijk parliamentary group in 2010. Following the 2018 municipal elections, she became an alderwoman in the municipal executive of Beverwijk.
Van den Berg was D66's third candidate in the June 2024 European Parliament election, when the part secured three seats. She was elected, and her term started on 16 July 2024.

### European Parliament committees

* Committee on Employment and Social Affairs
* Delegation to the EU–Armenia Parliamentary Partnership Committee
* Delegation to the EU–Azerbaijan Parliamentary Cooperation Committee
* Delegation to the EU–Georgia Parliamentary Association Committee
* Delegation to the Euronest Parliamentary Assembly
* Committee on Industry, Research and Energy (substitute)
* Committee on Culture and Education (substitute)

## Electoral history

Electoral history of Brigitte van den Berg :
| Year | Body | Party | Party | Pos. | Votes | Result | Result | Ref. |
| Year | Body | Party | Party | Pos. | Votes | Party seats | Individual | Ref. |
| 2024 | European Parliament | | Democrats 66 | 3 | 46,436 | 3 | Won | |
# Valentia, Ontario

Valentia is a small community founded in 1807, located in the city of Kawartha Lakes, just south of the town of Lindsay on County Road 18 northeast of Lake Scugog. During its bicentennial celebrations in August 2007, it held its first Valentia Heritage Rodeo.
In 2014, the Valentia Church celebrated its 125 anniversary as part of the Valentia Heritage Weekend. It was first constructed as a Methodist church but then became a United church.