OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Max Gate

Max Gate is the former home of Thomas Hardy and is located on the outskirts of Dorchester, Dorset, England. It was designed and built by Thomas Hardy for his own use in 1885 and he lived there until his death in 1928. In 1940 it was bequeathed to the National Trust by Hardy's sister and is now open to the public. It was designated as a Grade I listed building on 8 May 1970.

## Description

The house is a Grade I listed building, having been so designated since 8 May 1970. It was designed by Thomas Hardy and built out of red brick in 1885 in Queen Anne style. The architecture is more similar to country houses designed by Philip Webb rather than those designed by Richard Norman Shaw.
Thomas Hardy had purchased one and a half acres of land to build the house and was delighted to find Roman relics on the land. The building work was done by his father, who was a builder, and his brother. The name of the house was a pun on the name of a nearby toll-house known as "Mack's Gate" after a previous gate-keeper, Henry Mack. Originally Hardy's house had two rooms downstairs with two rooms above, but Hardy soon found this insufficient for his needs and the house was expanded in 1895, with further additions following. He used three different rooms as studies at different periods of his life. Wanting privacy, Hardy planted a thousand pine trees round the house as a windbreak. In time these grew so vigorously that the house was rendered dark and gloomy, and his second wife, Florence, removed them after his death.

## History

Hardy designed and lived in Max Gate from 1885 until his death in 1928. He lived there with his first wife Emma, and then with his second wife Florence. It was there that he wrote Tess of the d'Urbervilles, Jude the Obscure and The Mayor of Casterbridge, as well as much of his poetry.
In 1940, Hardy's sister Kate left the house to the National Trust with the stipulation that it should be lived in. The house has been continually occupied since then. It was first opened to the public in 1994 with restricted access and limited opening times for a few days a week. Beginning in 2011 the National Trust opened all three floors of the house to the public five days a week (from March to October), allowing access to the hall, drawing room, two studies, the dining room and the kitchen. In 2013 two bedrooms were also opened up for the first time, including the room where Thomas Hardy wrote the Mayor of Casterbridge and where he died. The house contains several pieces of Hardy's furniture, although his study has been relocated to the Dorset Museum.

## Neolithic archaeology

Half of the 100m diameter Neolithic interrupted ditch enclosure known as Flagstones is under the grounds of Max Gate; the other half was archaeologically excavated in 1987 prior to the construction of the Dorchester bypass.
# Mary Dickinson

Mary Dickinson may refer to:
* Mary-Anne Dickinson, pen name of Jennifer Rowe (born 1948), Australian author
* Mary Lowe Dickinson (1839–1914), American writer and activist
* Mary Norris Dickinson (1740–1803), American land and estate owner and manager
# Jean Baudoin (translator)

Jean Baudoin (1590–1650), born in the Vivarais region, was a French translator, notable as the first French translator of Torquato Tasso's La Gerusalemme liberata and as an early member of the Académie française, to which he was elected before 13 March 1634. He died of hunger and cold in 1650, and was succeeded at the Académie by François Charpentier.
Baudoin translated from English as well; his translation of Francis Godwin's The Man in the Moone first appeared in 1648 and went through four subsequent printings. His translation was also the basis for the German translation.
Baudoin translated Cesare Ripa's Iconologia of 1593 into French and published it in Paris in 1636 under the title Iconologie. The Iconologia of Ripa was a highly influential emblem book based on Egyptian, Greek and Roman emblematical representations, many of them personifications. For the French translation, the Flemish engraver Jacob de Bie translated the woodcuts from Ripa's original book into linear figures inside circular frames, thus turning Ripa's allegories into the reverse side of Roman coins.
# Jean Baubérot

Jean Baubérot (born 26 July 1941 in Châteauponsac, Haute-Vienne), is a French historian and sociologist specializing in sociology of religions. He is the founder of the sociology of secularism.
After holding the chair of "History and Sociology of Protestantism" (1978–1990), he held the chair of "History and Sociology of secularism "(since 1991) at the École pratique des hautes études, where he was the honorary president. He wrote twenty books, including a historical novel. He is coauthor of the Déclaration internationale sur la laïcité, signed by 250 scholars from 30 countries.

## Biography

Baubérot is the son of teachers. He attended his secondary education at the Lycée Gay-Lussac in Limoges. At the Paris-Sorbonne University, he was awarded doctor for history (under the direction of Jean-Marie Mayeur) for letters and human sciences, he graduated from the École pratique des hautes études (EPHE).
He started as technical contributor at the EPHE in 1967, then he became research assistant in 1971, then director of studies in 1978. He chaired the Section of Religious Sciences between 1986 and 1994. He was appointed Chairman of the School in 1999.
He founded in 1995 and directed in 2001 the Group of Sociology of religion and secularism (EPHE-CNRS). Between 1997 and 1998, he was appointed technical adviser to the cabinet of Ségolène Royal.
He was the sole member of the Stasi Commission to have abstained on the vote of the report which led to the development of the French law on secularity and conspicuous religious symbols in schools.
He is also a member of the Société internationale de sociologie de la religion (SISR) and chaired the Ernest Renan society in 1995 and 1996.
Baubérot was awarded a Knight in France's Legion of Honour
# Jean-Baptiste Dubois de Jancigny

Jean-Baptiste Dubois de Jancigny (21 May 1753 – 1 April 1808) was a French agronomist and scientist.
* This article about a French scientist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# North Head Light

North Head Lighthouse is an active aid to navigation overlooking the Pacific Ocean from North Head, a rocky promontory located approximately two miles north of Cape Disappointment and the mouth of the Columbia River, near Ilwaco, Pacific County, in the U.S. state of Washington. It is part of Cape Disappointment State Park.

## History

The North Head Light was constructed in 1897 after mariners complained that the Cape Disappointment Lighthouse, installed in 1856, was obscured to ships approaching from the north by the headland extending southwest from the light. The new lighthouse was designed by Carl Leick, with a 65-foot (20 m) tower set on a 130-foot (40 m) cliff directly facing the ocean and clearly visible to ships traveling from the north. Other buildings included two oil houses east of the lighthouse, a keeper's residence, duplex housing for two assistant keepers, a barn, and outbuildings, all of which remain on site.
The first-order lens at the Cape Disappointment Light was moved to North Head and was first lit at its new location in 1898. In 1935, the first-order lens was replaced by a fourth-order lens. That lens was eventually replaced by an aerobeacon in the 1950s, and later by a modern optic mounted outside the tower. A Crous-Hinds aero marine beacon was put into use at the lighthouse August 1, 1961, and the light was automated in December of that year. A VRB-25 aerobeacon was installed in 1999. The original first-order lens is on display at the Lewis and Clark Interpretive Center in Cape Disappointment State Park. The fourth-order lens is exhibited at the Columbia River Maritime Museum in Astoria, Oregon.
In November 2012, the Coast Guard turned over ownership of the light station to Washington State Parks. Repair and restoration efforts are being undertaken by the state and an independent preservation group, Keepers of the North Head Lighthouse, which is an arm of the non-profit Friends of the Columbia River Gateway.

## In the Media
### Television

North Head Light was featured on an episode of Ghost Adventures entitled "Graveyard of the Pacific: Cape Disappointment" that aired in 2018 on the Travel Channel. The team of paranormal team investigated the Caretaker's House that have reports of a spirit named Mary whose suspicious suicide came into question after she came here with her husband Alexander Pesonen, the first keeper, in 1898. They also explore surrounding forest high on the cliffs near Deadman's Hollow that is said to be haunted by the spirits of Chinook Indians.
# Jean Leclercq

Jean Leclercq may refer to:
* Jean Leclercq (monk) (1911–1993), Benedictine monk and author
* Jean Leclercq (politician) (1925–1970), Belgian politician and Walloon militant
# Turbonilla mayana

Turbonilla mayana is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.
# Michael Sheldon

Michael Sheldon may refer to:
* Michael Sheldon (jurist)
* Michael Sheldon (footballer)
* Mike Sheldon, American football player
# Nossa Senhora dos Remédios (Povoação)

Nossa Senhora dos Remédios (Portuguese for Our Lady of Remedies) is a parish in the municipality of Povoação in the Azores. The population in 2011 was 1,112, in an area of 12.78 km².
# Marienschrein

The Marienschrein (Shrine of Mary) in Aachen Cathedral is a reliquary, donated on the order of the chapter of Mary around 1220 and consecrated in 1239. Along with the Karlsschrein, the artwork, which is from the transitional period between romanesque and gothic, is among the most important goldsmith works of the thirteenth century.

## Function

After the Dreikönigsschrein in Cologne and the Karlsschrein, the Marienschrein was the last of the three great reliquaries to be completed. The shrine serves as the container of the four great contact relics and objects of pilgrimage in Aachen Cathedral. The relics include: the swaddling clothes and loincloth of Jesus, the dress of Mary and the decapitation cloth of John the Baptist, which have been shown to the congregation and to pilgrims participating in the Aachen pilgrimage every seven years since plague struck in 1349. Until the nineteenth century, it was also the container for the Noli me tangere casket, a silver-gilt casket with mysterious contents.

## Form

The shrine takes the form of a single-naved basilica with a short transept. More than a thousand gemstones were used in the creation of the artwork.The shrine shows two distinct styles of work. The earlier, related to that of the Karlsschrein, can be seen on the Charlemagne side and the end with Pope Leo III. The Virgin side shows similarities to sculptures at Chartres Cathedral.
On the shrine's long sides there are fire-gilt figures of the twelve apostles. The four porticos depict: Christ, Mary with the baby Jesus, Pope Leo III and Charlemagne (r. 768–814). The roof shows scenes from the life of Jesus in gold relief.
According to an old tradition, the Marienschrein is sealed with a skilfully manufactured lock, which is then filled with lead. The key is sawn up by master goldsmiths. The head of the key is held by the Cathedral chapter, while the end is taken by the city leaders (the so-called Konkustodienrecht (shared custody arrangement)). At the beginning of each pilgrimage period, however, the lock is broken with a hammer, in order to open the shrine once more.

## Restoration

As a result of centuries of wear from pilgrimages and from being carried in processions at those times, the Marienschrein took significant damage. The gilt silver was tarnished, a portion had been lost, another had received only makeshift repairs and had taken many dents, cracks, and holes as a result of the passage of time. Over three thousand parts had to be replaced, cleaned, and repaired. This restoration work was documented at all stages by WDR. Since March 2000, the Marienschrein restored to its former glory once again stands in its place in a glass vitrine in the choir of Aachen Cathedral. Every year it is inspected and removed from the vitrine and cleaned as necessary.

## Gallery

* Christ
* Leo III.
* Filigrees and gemstones
* Enamel ornaments
* Padlock with sawed key (residing in the Cathedral Treasury)
# Ancient humans

The following articles contain information related to ancient humans:
* Human evolution
* Archaic humans
* Early modern humans
* Prehistoric people
* Ancient history
# Michael Smuin

Michael Smuin (October 13, 1938 – April 23, 2007) was an American ballet dancer, choreographer and theatre director. He was co-founder and director of his own dance company, the Smuin Ballet in San Francisco.

## Biography

Born in Missoula, Montana, Smuin was a principal dancer with the American Ballet Theatre and the San Francisco Ballet, for which he served as co-artistic director from 1973 through 1985. In 1994 he founded Smuin Ballet. He also choreographed for the Dance Theatre of Harlem, Washington Ballet, Pacific Northwest Ballet, and Milwaukee Ballet.
Smuin's Broadway credits included Little Me (1962) as a dancer, Anything Goes (1987) as a choreographer, and Sophisticated Ladies (1981) and Shogun: The Musical (1990) as choreographer and director. He also choreographed the 1995 West End production of Mack and Mabel.
Smuin's film credits included The Fantasticks, A Walk in the Clouds, The Joy Luck Club, The Cotton Club, and Rumble Fish.
Smuin collapsed and died of a heart attack while teaching company class in San Francisco.

## Awards and nominations
### Awards

* 1984 Emmy Award for Outstanding Achievement in Choreography – Great Performances: Dance in America
* 1988 Tony Award for Best Choreography – Anything Goes
* 1988 Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Choreography – Anything Goes

### Nominations

* 1981 Tony Award for Best Choreography – Sophisticated Ladies
* 1981 Tony Award for Best Direction of a Musical – Sophisticated Ladies
* 1981 Emmy Award for Outstanding Achievement in Choreography – Great Performances: Dance in America
# Marion Boyars Publishers

Marion Boyars Publishers is an independent publishing company located in Great Britain, publishing books that focus on the humanities and social sciences. The company was formed in 1975. When Marion Boyars died in 1999, her daughter Catheryn Kilgarriff took over and is currently the managing director of the company.

## Imprints
### Prospect Books

Prospect Books is a publisher of books and periodicals on cooking, food history and anthropology, and sometimes horticulture, notably Petits Propos Culinaires. It was founded in 1979 by Alan Davidson and his wife Jane Davidson. Prospect Books was owned by Tom Jaine from 1993 until 2014, when it was acquired by Marion Boyars Publishers.
# 2019 European Athletics U23 Championships – Men's 4 × 100 metres relay

The men's 4 × 100 metres relay event at the 2019 European Athletics U23 Championships was held in Gävle, Sweden, at Gavlehov Stadium Park on 14 July.

## Medalists

| Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Germany Kevin Kranz Marvin Schulte Deniz Almas Philipp Trutenat | France Amaury Golitin Ryan Zézé Yanis Ammour Max Sirguey | Belgium Simon Verherstraeten Kobe Vleminckx Antoine Snyders Raphaël Kapenda Camille Snyders* |
*Athletes who ran in heats only

## Results
### Heats

Qualification rule: First 3 in each heat (Q) and the next 2 fastest (q) qualified for the final.
| Rank | Heat | Nation | Athletes | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 1 | Germany | Kevin Kranz, Marvin Schulte, Deniz Almas, Philipp Trutenat | 39.27 | Q |
| 2 | 1 | Netherlands | Dominique Zwiep, Roelf Bouwmeester, Joris van Gool, Isayah Boers | 39.47 | Q |
| 3 | 2 | France | Amaury Golitin, Ryan Zézé, Yanis Ammour, Max Sirguey | 39.61 | Q |
| 4 | 2 | Belgium | Simon Verherstraeten, Kobe Vleminckx, Antoine Snyders, Camille Snyders | 39.68 | Q, SB |
| 5 | 2 | Great Britain | Dominic Ashwell, Oliver Bromby, Michael Olsen, Jona Efoloko | 39.78 | Q |
| 6 | 2 | Poland | Eryk Hampel, Rafał Pająk, Jakub Gałandziej, Adrian Brzeziński | 39.90 | q, SB |
| 7 | 1 | Belarus | Maksim Bohdan, Stanislau Darahakupets, Maksim Hrabarenka, Yury Zabalotny | 39.96 | Q, SB |
| 8 | 1 | Italy | Andrei Alexandru Zlatan, Diego Pettorossi, Andrea Federici, Nicholas Artuso | 40.05 | q |
| 9 | 1 | Denmark | Steffen Udengaard Knudsen, Albert Ranning, Simon Hansen, Peter Andersson | 40.22 | SB |
| 10 | 1 | Greece | Mihail Pappas, Ioannis Kokkinos, Panayiotis Arvanitis, Sotirios Garagganis | 40.38 | SB |
| 11 | 1 | Sweden | Max Hrelja, Marcus Torneé, Joel Bengtsson, Anders Pihlblad | 40.39 | |
| 12 | 2 | Finland | Tuukka Huuskola, Riku Illukka, Ilari Manninen, Konsta Alatupa | 40.57 | |
| 13 | 1 | Turkey | Furkan Yildirim, Cafer Güneş, Kayhan Özer, Mustafa Onur Sadıkoğlu | 40.90 | |
| | 2 | Portugal | Wilson Pedro, Rafael Jorge, Frederico Curvelo, André Prazeres | DNF | |
| | 2 | Ukraine | Erik Kostrytsya, Oleksandr Sokolov, Maksym Kuzin, Stanislav Kovalenko | DQ | R170.7 |

### Final

| Rank | Lane | Nation | Athletes | Time |
| | 5 | Germany | Kevin Kranz, Marvin Schulte, Deniz Almas, Philipp Trutenat | 39.22 |
| | 4 | France | Amaury Golitin, Ryan Zézé, Yanis Ammour, Max Sirguey | 39.57 |
| | 3 | Belgium | Simon Verherstraeten, Antoine Snyders, Kobe Vleminckx, Raphaël Kapenda | 39.77 |
| 4 | 2 | Italy | Andrei Alexandru Zlatan, Diego Pettorossi, Andrea Federici, Nicholas Artuso | 39.96 |
| 5 | 8 | Belarus | Maksim Bohdan, Stanislau Darahakupets, Maksim Hrabarenka, Yury Zabalotny | 39.99 |
| | 7 | Great Britain | Dominic Ashwell, Oliver Bromby, Michael Olsen, Jona Efoloko | DNF |
| | 6 | Netherlands | Dominique Zwiep, Roelf Bouwmeester, Joris van Gool, Isayah Boers | DNF |
| | 1 | Poland | Eryk Hampel, Rafał Pająk, Jakub Gałandziej, Adrian Brzeziński | DNF |
# Michael Tuts

Philip Michael Tuts is an American high-energy experimental particle physicist, and Professor and Chair of the Columbia University Physics Department. Tuts is a Fellow of the American Physical Society. He holds a seat on the executive committees of the United States LHC Users' Association and the American Physics Society Forum on Physics and Society, and is Divisional Councilor of the Division of Particles and Fields of APS. Tuts earned his Bachelor's in Physics from MIT in 1974, and his MA and PhD from the State University of New York at Stony Brook in 1976 and 1979, respectively. He joined the physics department at Columbia University in the City of New York in 1983 and was appointed Chair in 2014. Tuts is currently a member of the ATLAS experiment team at CERN and formerly served as US ATLAS Operations Program Manager.
As operations manager, he led the team of 400 American physicists working on ATLAS during the experiment that led to the discovery of the Higgs boson. Tuts is project manager of the D0 experiment at Fermilab and also leads the Calorimeter subgroup.
Tuts has also used the CUSB detector at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring to investigate the Upsilon meson. Tuts has authored over 600 publications in Physics. He believes in the importance of public outreach by prominent physicists and the science community, and writes a blog for the Huffington Post. Professor Tuts has also given talks about his work at amateur societies and for lay audiences, and organized a gathering to watch the Higgs Boson announcement at Columbia University at 3 a.m. ET (9a.m. Geneva time). At Columbia, he teaches introductory undergraduate mechanics and electromagnetics courses, which he enjoys. In 2004, Tuts was awarded a Presidential Award for Outstanding Teaching. He has stated that he has been mistaken for Stephen King on several occasions.

## Selected publications

* "Observation of the ϒ ´´´ at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring", with CUSB Collaboration, Phys. Rev. Lett. 45, 222 (1980).
* "Observation of P-Wave B B Bound States", with CUSB Collaboration, Phys. Rev. Lett. 49, 1612 (1984)
* "Measurement of the Upsilon Mass", with W. W. Mackay et al. and the CUSB collaboration, Phys. Rev. Lett. 55, 36 (1985).
* "CUSB-II a high precision electromagnetic spectrometer", with CUSB Collaboration, Nucl. Instrum. Methods AA309, 450 (1991)
* "Observation of the Top Quark, with the D0 Collaboration", Phys. Rev. Lett.. 74, 2632 (1995)
* "Limits on the ZZg and Zgg couplings in pbarp Collisions at S1/2 = 1.8 TeV", with the D0 Collaboration, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 1028 (1995)
* "Search for Large Extra Dimensions in Dielectron and Diphoton production", Phys. Rev. Lett. {86} 1156 (2001)
* "Search for Leptoquark Pairs Decaying to nunu+Jets in pbarp Collisions at sqrt(s)=1.8 TeV", Phys. Rev. Lett. {88}, 191801 (2002)
# Jeanne Macherez

Jeanne Macherez (12 April 1852 – 9 December 1930) was a French heroine during the World War I. In 1914, she proclaimed herself Mayor of Soissons.

## Biography

Jehanne Louise Virginie Wateau was born in Guise on 12 April 1852. She was the daughter of farmers, Virgile Wateau and Valentine Dorigny. She married in Metz, Alfred Macherez who later became general counsel, deputy and senator of Aisne. The couple moved to Soissons. Alfred died on 1 July 1904.
Macherez was particularly committed to humanitarian causes. She created the organization, Goutte de lait, which helped infants. She served as president for the Soissons-Braine region of the Association of French Women and was a member of the French Red Cross.
When the WWI broke out, Macherez ran the Hospital Auxiliary #201, which had 10 ambulances. The Germans arrived in Soissons on 1 September 1914. An officer, looking for supplies, enters the city and demanded to speak to the mayor. He threatened that if the mayor does not give himself up, the city will be sacked, burned. Macherez spoke up: "The mayor? It's me!". For twelve days, she was the interlocutor of the Germans. She negotiated everything, managed to minimize the negative fallout of this occupation, and protected the region from German abuses and looting. On 12 September 1914, at the end of the First Battle of the Marne, the Germans were forced to release their hold on Soissons, and occupy only the right bank of the Aisne. Macherez resumed her duties in the hospital alongside a Parisian, Germaine Malaterre-Sellier. The prefect of the Aisne, Robert Leullier then appointed Georges Muzart to be the mayor of Soissons. The role held by Macherez was praised by some, and minimized by others. She claimed nothing, only observing that it is the circumstances that led her to take this role.
Macherez died in Soissons on 9 December 1930.

## Awards and honors

* June 3, 1916, Audifred Prize of the Academy of Moral and Political Sciences
* October 1920, Knight of the Legion of Honour
* December 20, 1955, a street is named after her in the Saint-Crépin district of Soissons
# Jeffrey Hackney

Jeffrey Hackney (born 5 January 1941) is a legal academic specialising in property law, law of trusts, and legal history at the University of Oxford. He attended Wadham College, University of Oxford. He retired in 2009 from his position as a Fellow of Wadham College, Oxford (a post he had held since 1976), and is now an Emeritus Fellow and Keeper of the Archives for the College. He was previously a Fellow of St Edmund Hall, and has taught at various universities in North America as a visiting professor. He was Keeper of the Archives of the university from 1987 to 1995, and also chaired various university boards, as well as serving on the editorial board of the Oxford Journal of Legal Studies.
He currently holds the University post of Clerk of the Market.
# Jeanne Royannez

Jeanne Royannez, also known as Madame Clovis Hugues (1855-1932) was a French sculptor.

## Biography

Hugues-Royannez was born on 5 November 1855 in Paris. She studied with Laure Coutan-Montorgueil. In 1877 she married the socialist journalist Clovis Hugues (1851-1907) with whom she had two daughters. She first exhibited at the Paris Salon in 1886. Hugues-Royannez exhibited her work in the Woman's Building at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, Illinois.
She died on 6 May 1932 in Paris.

## Gallery

* Bust of Clovis Hugues