OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Marion Light Artillery

The Marion Light Artillery was part of the Confederate Army from Marion County, Florida. Commanding officers included John Marshall Martin. It served as part of the Army of Tennessee.
Marion County was home to many residents who relocated from South Carolina in the 15 or so years prior to the American Civil War and was a hotbed of secessionist activity. Organizers petitioned the state to host the Florida Secession Convention.
When Martin was seriously wounded at the Battle of Richmond, Colonel S. St. George Rogers took command.
It was also commanded by Thomas J. Perry and Robert P. McCants.
# Novikov ring

In mathematics, given an additive subgroup $\Gamma \subset \mathbb {R}$, the Novikov ring $\operatorname {Nov} (\Gamma )$ of $\Gamma$ is the subring of $\mathbb {Z} [\![\Gamma ]\!]$ consisting of formal sums $\sum n_{\gamma _{i}}t^{\gamma _{i}}$ such that $\gamma _{1}>\gamma _{2}>\cdots$ and $\gamma _{i}\to -\infty$. The notion was introduced by Sergei Novikov in the papers that initiated the generalization of Morse theory using a closed one-form instead of a function. The notion is used in quantum cohomology, among the others.
The Novikov ring $\operatorname {Nov} (\Gamma )$ is a principal ideal domain. Let S be the subset of $\mathbb {Z} [\Gamma ]$ consisting of those with leading term 1. Since the elements of S are unit elements of $\operatorname {Nov} (\Gamma )$, the localization $\operatorname {Nov} (\Gamma )[S^{-1}]$ of $\operatorname {Nov} (\Gamma )$ with respect to S is a subring of $\operatorname {Nov} (\Gamma )$ called the "rational part" of $\operatorname {Nov} (\Gamma )$; it is also a principal ideal domain.

## Novikov numbers

Given a smooth function f on a smooth manifold $M$ with nondegenerate critical points, the usual Morse theory constructs a free chain complex $C_{*}(f)$ such that the (integral) rank of $C_{p}$ is the number of critical points of f of index p (called the Morse number). It computes the (integral) homology of $M$ (cf. Morse homology):
    $H^{*}(C_{*}(f))\cong H^{*}(M,\mathbb {Z} )$
In an analogy with this, one can define "Novikov numbers". Let X be a connected polyhedron with a base point. Each cohomology class $\xi \in H^{1}(X,\mathbb {R} )$ may be viewed as a linear functional on the first homology group $H_{1}(X,\mathbb {R} )$; when composed with the Hurewicz homomorphism, it can be viewed as a group homomorphism $\xi \colon \pi =\pi _{1}(X)\to \mathbb {R}$. By the universal property, this map in turns gives a ring homomorphism,
    $\phi _{\xi }\colon \mathbb {Z} [\pi ]\to \operatorname {Nov} =\operatorname {Nov} (\mathbb {R} )$,
making $\operatorname {Nov}$ a module over $\mathbb {Z} [\pi ]$. Since X is a connected polyhedron, a local coefficient system over it corresponds one-to-one to a $\mathbb {Z} [\pi ]$-module. Let $L_{\xi }$ be a local coefficient system corresponding to $\operatorname {Nov}$ with module structure given by $\phi _{\xi }$. The homology group $H_{p}(X,L_{\xi })$ is a finitely generated module over $\operatorname {Nov} ,$ which is, by the structure theorem, the direct sum of its free part and its torsion part. The rank of the free part is called the Novikov Betti number and is denoted by $b_{p}(\xi )$. The number of cyclic modules in the torsion part is denoted by $q_{p}(\xi )$. If $\xi =0$, $L_{\xi }$ is trivial and $b_{p}(0)$ is the usual Betti number of X.
The analog of Morse inequalities holds for Novikov numbers as well (cf. the reference for now.)
# Michigan College of Optometry

The Michigan College of Optometry is a college affiliated with Ferris State University in Big Rapids, Michigan that specializes in optometry. It is the only college of optometry in Michigan.
The school was established in 1974 by legislation in response to a documented need for optometrists in the state. Currently, each admitted class consists of 38 students and there is a low faculty-to-student ratio.
# Op stap door Amsterdam

Op stap door Amsterdam is a 1919 Dutch silent film directed by Theo Frenkel.

## Cast

* Piet Köhler - Plattelandsman
* Daan Nieuwenhuizen
* Johan Buziau
* Anton Roemer
* Piet Fuchs
* Kees Lageman
* Vera van Haeften
* Bob van Iersel
* Siem Nieuwenhuizen
# Medstead, Saskatchewan

Medstead (2016 population: 130) is a village in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within the Rural Municipality of Medstead No. 497 and Census Division No. 16.

## History

Medstead incorporated as a village on April 23, 1931.

## Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Medstead had a population of 121 living in 60 of its 73 total private dwellings, a change of -6.9% from its 2016 population of 130. With a land area of 0.65 km$^2$ (0.25 sq mi), it had a population density of 186.2/km$^2$ (482.1/sq mi) in 2021.
In the 2016 Census of Population, the Village of Medstead recorded a population of 130 living in 65 of its 72 total private dwellings, a 7.7% change from its 2011 population of 120. With a land area of 0.67 km$^2$ (0.26 sq mi), it had a population density of 194.0/km$^2$ (502.5/sq mi) in 2016.
# Immune Epitope Database and Analysis Resource

The Immune Epitope Database and Analysis Resource (IEDB) is a project hosted by scientists at the La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology (LIAI), with support from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), a part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). The focus is dissemination of immune epitope information to facilitate the generation of new research tools, diagnostic techniques, vaccines and therapeutics.

## Database

The IEDB contains data related to antibody and T cell epitopes for humans, non-human primates, rodents, and other animal species. Curation of data relating to NIAID Category A, B, and C priority pathogens (including Influenza) and NIAID Emerging and Re-emerging infectious diseases is of highest priority and is being continuously updated. In addition, epitopes from other infectious agents, allergens and autoantigens are being curated.
The database also contains MHC binding data from a variety of different antigenic sources and immune epitope data from the FIMM (Brusic), HLA Ligand (Hildebrand), TopBank (Sette), and MHC binding (Buus) databases. These databases and their investigators are hereby acknowledged as major contributors to the IEDB.

## Tools

In addition to the database, the IEDB website hosts an Analysis Resource, which contains a collection of tools to predict and analyze epitopes.
# Alexandre Baréty

Alexandre Baréty (1844-1918) was a French physician. He was the author of many medical papers. With Henri Sappia, he co-founded the Acadèmia Nissarda, a historical society in Nice, in 1904.

## Works

* Baréty, Alexandre (1874). De l'Adénopathie trachéo-bronchique en général et en particulier dans la scrofule et la phtisie pulmonaire, précédée de l'étude topographique des ganglions trachéo-bronchiques. Paris: A. Delahaye.
* Baréty, Alexandre (1874). De quelques modifications pathologique dépendant d'hémorragies ou de ramollissements circonscrits du cerveau. Paris: A. Delahaye.
* Baréty, Alexandre (1874). De la kératite eczémateuse. Paris: A. Parent.
* Baréty, Alexandre (1876). Du rhumatisme articulaire aigu, de la fièvre intermittente, du délire dit analcoolique et de certaines affections de la peau en rapport avec les traumatismes. Nice.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* Baréty, Alexandre (1877). De l'infantilisme.
* Baréty, Alexandre (1878). Quelques mots sur la topographie des organes thoraciques. Nice: Imprimerie Cauvin-Empereur.
* Baréty, Alexandre (1881). De la laryngite striduleuse (faux croup). Nice.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* Baréty, Alexandre (1881). De la laryngite striduleuse (faux-croup) considéré comme un des symptômes de l'engorgement aigu des ganglions lymphatiques trachéo-bronchiques. Nice: Imprimerie Cauvin-Empereur.
* Baréty, Alexandre (1882). Des Propriétés physiques d'une force particulière du corps humain (force neurique rayonnante), connue vulgairement sous le nom de magnétisme animal. Paris: O. Doin.
* Baréty, Alexandre (1882). Du Climat de Nice et de ses indications et contre-indications en général. Paris: O. Doin.
* Baréty, Alexandre (1882). De l'action du climat de Nice dans le traitement de la phtisie pulmonaire. Nice.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* Baréty, Alexandre (1887). Le magnétisme animal, étudié sous le nom de force neurique, rayonnante et circulante : dans ses propriétés physiques, physiologiques et thérapeutiques. Paris: O. Doin.
* Baréty, Alexandre (1902). Titres et travaux scientifiques. Paris: Imprimerie Malvano.
* Baréty, Alexandre (1908). Les Fouilles du monastère de St Pons à Nice : Découverte de sarcophages du IVe siècle. Nice: Imprimerie P. Lersch et A.-N. Emanuel.
* Baréty, Alexandre (1909). Vieux souvenirs. Réminiscences païennes. Nice: Imprimerie de P. Lersch et P.-A. Emanuel.
# Navy Office of Information West

The Navy Office of Information West, also referred to as NAVINFO West, is a public affairs office in Westwood, Los Angeles that serves as the primary Navy liaison to feature films, documentaries, and television programs depicting or involving the US Navy. The office was founded in 1918. This office also maintains close relations and contacts in the entertainment industry with the goal of telling the US military's story by facilitating accurate information and relevant themes and messages. In exchange for providing access and cooperation, Navy officials are shown early drafts of scripts.
Much like the rest of the U.S. military's 20-year involvement in Hollywood, the Navy is interested in entertainment projects that cast both itself and its sailors in a positive light, ending with the Navy's military justice prevailing. NAVINFO maintains that they do not censor film and TV projects that do not enhance the image of the Navy. The office is part of the Pentagon's role in actively controlling the popular image of national security shaped by the film and television products with which it is involved. In 2014 Captain Russell Coons, director of NAVINFO, stated, "We're not going to support a program that disgraces a uniform or presents us in a compromising way."
# Neil Sedaka: All Time Greatest Hits, Volume 2

Neil Sedaka: All Time Greatest Hits, Volume 2 is a compilation album containing the works of American pop singer Neil Sedaka. The songs featured are some of Sedaka's lesser-known songs from his days with RCA Victor from 1958–1966, songs that were not included on the 1988 album Neil Sedaka: All Time Greatest Hits. The album was released in 1991 by RCA Records.

## Tracks

* "The Diary" (alternate take) (recorded 10/27/1958)
* "I Go Ape" (1/15/1959)
* "Stupid Cupid" (4/1/1959)
* "The Same Old Fool" (October 1960)
* "Don't Lead Me On" (10/5/1961)
* "All The Words In The World" (2/9/1962)
* "Waiting For Never" (9/10/1962)
* "Look Inside Your Heart" (9/10/1962)
* "The Dreamer" (5/6/1963)
* "Bad Girl" (9/23/1963)
* "Wait 'Till You See My Baby" (9/23/1963)
* "The Closest Thing To Heaven" (February 1964)
* "Sunny" (5/25/1964)
* "I Hope He Breaks Your Heart" (9/30/1964)
* "Let The People Talk" (9/30/1964)
* "In The Chapel With You" (12/29/1964)
* "The World Through A Tear" (6/7/1965)
* "The Answer To My Prayer" (11/6/1965)
* "Blue Boy" (11/6/1965)
* "We Can Make It If We Try" (10/4/1966)
* "Station Announcements" (from a recording session with Al Nevins, 9/10/1962)
# Jacob Mayer

Reverend Dr. Jacob Mayer was a European-born American rabbi who served congregations in the Reform Judaism movement in the late 19th century. He obtained the pulpit in 1874 at Har Sinai Congregation in Baltimore, founded in 1842 and the longest continually functioning congregation adhering to Reform since its inception. Mayer was forced to leave two years later amid charges that he had been an apostate who had converted to Christianity and had been a missionary in Africa, though he vigorously denied the charges.
Mayer became spiritual leader of Congregation Har Sinai, having previously served congregations in Cincinnati and Cleveland after coming to the United States from Europe. Mayer was appointed as rabbi in a well-attended meeting held on July 19, 1874. The members present voted overwhelmingly in favor of hiring Mayer, with the exception of one member who insisted that his negative vote be recorded.
Jewish community leaders Dr. Henry Hochheimer of Oheb Israel Synagogue and Dr. Benjamin Szold of Temple Oheb Shalom alleged that Mayer had been a convert to Christianity who worked as a missionary in Africa, a charge that Mayer publicly denied during Shabbat morning services while holding onto a Torah scroll. Mayer met privately with William Rayner, a founder of Har Sinai and a notable figure in Baltimore's Jewish community, and Mayer told him that he had a near identical twin brother who had been the Christian convert, a fact that Mayer had hoped not to disclose but that he was forced to reveal to explain his innocence. Rayner funded a trip to Europe to allow Mayer to confirm his story, but Mayer went to Canada instead and had an associate in Europe mail letters to Rayner confirming the story. The congregation was split between groups who were wary of the story and those — Rayner among them — who believed Mayer's explanation, many of whom appreciated Mayer's oratorical abilities in delivering sermons in both English and German. After a congregational meeting in May 1876 Mayer resigned his position.
David Philipson, who would later serve as Rabbi of Har Sinai, recorded in his 1941 autobiography My Life As An American Jew that "the apostate-rabbi became a memory, but there were men even years afterward who raved about the eloquence of Dr. J. M." Rubenstein's 1918 History of Har Sinai Congregation of the city of Baltimore describes his term as being "not a happy one" and that some congregants left the synagogue to start services held at the Masonic Temple, but recorded that the rabbi "was noted for his eloquence", providing no other details of Mayer's service to the congregation.
# Tomasz Łubieński (journalist)

Tomasz Konstanty Łubieński (18 April 1938 – 15 March 2024) was a Polish journalist and writer.
Łubieński served as editor-in-chief of Nowe Książki. He also worked for Kultura [pl], Teatr [pl], Tygodnik Solidarność, and TVP1. He was a member of the Polish Writers' Union, the Polish Writers Association, the Association "Polish Community", the Klub Wysokogórski [pl], and PEN International.
Łubieński was the recipient of the Władysław Reymont Literary Award [pl] in 2005 and was named a Commander of the Order of Polonia Restituta in 2006.

## Works
### Essays

* Bić się czy nie bić? (1976)
* Czerwono-białe
* Norwid wraca do Paryża (1989)
* M jak Mickiewicz (1998)
* Pod skórą
* Ani triumf, ani zgon (2004)

### Plays

* Koczowisko (1979)
* Śmierć Komandora
* Wszystko w rodzinie (2004)
# Mahuli Nankar

Mahuli Nankar is a village in the Jale CD Block of Darbhanga district, in Bihar, India.
At the 2011 census the population was 3,149, consisting of 599 families. This consisted of 1,648 males and 1,501 females. The literacy rate was reported as 85.4%
# Mahulena Čejková

Mahulena Čejková (23 August 1936 – 21 April 2023) was a Czech physician and politician. A member of the Civic Forum and Civic Movement, she served in the Federal Assembly from 1990 to 1992. In 1994–1998, she served in the Děčín City Council. In 1996 Czech Senate election, she ran unsuccessfully for the Senate as a member of Czech National Social Party.
Čejková died on 21 April 2023, at the age of 86.
# Mahuva, Surat Assembly constituency

Mahuva (Surat) is one of the 182 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Gujarat state in India. It is part of Surat district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the Scheduled Tribes.

## List of segments

This assembly seat represents the following segments,
* Mahuva Taluka
* Valod Taluka
* Bardoli Taluka (Part) Villages – Masad, Miyawadi, Rajwad, Nasura, Vadhvaniya, Junvani, Balda, Vanskui, Bhensudla, Nani Bhatlav, Mangrolia, Vadhava, Timbarva, Pipariya, Madhi, Surali, Manekpor, Uva, Karachaka, Hindolia, Kikvad, Gotasa, Sarethi, Moti Bhatlav, Sejvad, Allu, Vankaner, Kanai, Pardi Valod.

## Member of Legislative Assembly

* 2007 - Ishwarbhai Vahia, Indian National Congress
* 2012 - Mohanbhai Dhodiya, Bharatiya Janata Party
| Year | Member | Picture | Party | Party |
| 2017 | Mohanbhai Dhodiya | | | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2022 | Mohanbhai Dhodiya | | | Bharatiya Janata Party |

## Election results
### 2022

Gujarat Assembly election, 2022:Mahuva, Surat Assembly constituency :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | BJP | Mohanbhai Dhodiya | 81383 | 47.88 |
| | INC | Hemangini Dipakkumar Garasiya | 49875 | 29.34 |
| | AAP | Kunjan Patel Dhodiya | 35591 | 20.94 |
| | NOTA | None of the above | 3131 | 1.84 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | | 18.54 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 227,199 | |
| | BJP gain from | BJP gain from | Swing | |

### 2017

Gujarat Legislative Assembly Election, 2017: Mahuva (Surat) :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | BJP | Mohanbhai Dhodiya | 82,607 | 50.07 | +2.4 |
| | INC | Dr. Tushar Amarsinh Chaudhary | 76,174 | 46.17 | +6.01 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | | 3.9 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 1,64,990 | 76.87 | +0.19 |
| | BJP hold | BJP hold | Swing | | |

### 2012

Gujarat Assembly Election, 2012 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | BJP | Mohanbhai Dhodiya | 74161 | 47.67 |
| | INC | Ishwarbhai Vahiya | 62474 | 40.16 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 11687 | 7.51 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 155568 | 76.68 |
| | BJP gain from INC | BJP gain from INC | Swing | |
# Alhambra, Ciudad Real

Alhambra is a municipality in Ciudad Real, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. It has a population of 1,213. Sierra de Alhambra is a mountain range close to the town.
* This article about a location in the autonomous community of Castilla–La Mancha, Spain is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Maidford

Maidford is a civil and ecclesiastical parish in West Northamptonshire and the diocese of Peterborough situated about 6 miles (9.7 km) north-west of Towcester. The population at the 2011 census was 168. It was a centre of local Northamptonshire lace-making until the early 20th century.

## History

The villages name means 'Maidens' ford'.
Maidford is mentioned in the Domesday Book as the settlement Merdeford Manor.

## Buildings

The 13th-century parish church is dedicated to St Peter and St Paul, and forms the centre of a monastic complex used as an hospitalium by the nearby Abbey at Canons Ashby. Since 2006 the parish has been part of the Lambfold Benefice along with the parishes of Blakesley, Adstone, Farthingstone and Litchborough.
# Alice E. Smith

Alice E. Smith is an American industrial engineer whose research concerns mathematical optimization for complex applications in manufacturing, business planning, advanced materials, and communication networks, based on problems including facility location and network design. She is Joe W. Forehand/Accenture Professor of Industrial and Systems Engineering at Auburn University, where she also holds an adjunct appointment in the Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering.

## Education and career

Smith is a 1979 graduate of Rice University, where she majored in civil engineering. Following this, she worked for Southwestern Bell Corporation as an engineer and engineering manager for ten years, from 1979 to 1989. In this time, she also earned an MBA at Saint Louis University in 1988.
Returning to graduate study in engineering, she completed a PhD in 1991 at the Missouri University of Science and Technology, focusing on engineering management and systems engineering. She became an assistant professor of industrial engineering at the University of Pittsburgh in 1991, and associate professor there in 1996, before moving to Auburn University in 1999 as full professor and chair of the Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering. She was named Philpott—WestPoint Stevens Professor in 2001, W. Allen and Martha Reed Professor in 2012, and Joe W. Forehand/Accenture Distinguished Professor in 2015.

## Recognition

Smith was named a Fellow of the Institute of Industrial and Systems Engineers in 2003. She is a Fellow of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences, elected in the 2021 class of fellows.
Smith was the 2009 winner of the WORMS Award for the Advancement of Women in Operations Research and Management Science. In 2012, the Institute of Industrial and Systems Engineers gave Smith their Albert G. Holzman Distinguished Educator Award. She won the Wellington Award of the Engineering Economy Division of the Institute of Industrial and Systems Engineers, for her lifetime achievements in the field.
# Alice Echo-News Journal

Alice Echo-News Journal is a newspaper based in Alice, Texas, covering the Jim Wells County area of South Texas and published Wednesday, Friday and Sunday.

## History

D.S. Boother founded the Alice Echo in 1894, publishing it as a weekly. He sold to a group headed by publisher Kenneth Fellows in 1935, which sold to V.D. Ringwald three years later. Ringwald made the paper a daily in 1946, changing the name to the Alice Daily Echo.
Gulf Enterprises bought the newspaper in 1966, installing Lowell P. Hunt as publisher. The next year, the owners bought the weekly Alice News and renamed the product the Alice Echo-News. The owners of a newspaper chain headed by the Brownwood Bulletin (Woodson Newspapers Inc.) bought the newspaper in 1975, with co-ownership by Brownwood's Craig Woodson and Hunt.
The Echo-News was bought by Boone Newspapers in 1990 and American Consolidated Media in 2000. ACM bought the free semiweekly Alice Journal in 2002 and renamed the paper the Alice Echo-News Journal.
In 2010, the paper switched to a tabloid format and reduced its output to three days a week (Wednesday, Friday, Sunday). It also changed its printing schedule from afternoons to mornings.
In 2014, ACM sold its Texas and Oklahoma newspapers to New Media Investment Group.
Gannett sold the paper, along with 16 others to CherryRoad Media in February 2022.

## Awards

Echo reporter Caro Brown won the Pulitzer Prize for Local Reporting, Edition Time in 1955 for coverage of the "one-man political rule" of George Berham Parr in neighboring Duval County. The Pulitzer judges praised her story, "written under unusual pressure both of edition time and difficult, even dangerous, circumstances."
# Topia (disambiguation)

Topia is a city and seat of the municipality of Topia, in the state of Durango, north-western Mexico.
Topia may also refer to:
* Topia Municipality, one of the municipalities in the state of Durango, north-western Mexico
* Thopia family, one of the most powerful Albanian feudal families in the Late Middle Ages
** Tanusio Thopia
** Karl Thopia
** George Thopia
** Helena Thopia
** Niketa Thopia
** Andrea Thopia
** Tanush Thopia
* Tane Topia (born 1976), New Zealand cricketer
# Too High to Fail

Too High to Fail is a book about cannabis by Doug Fine, published by Gotham Books in 2012, describing Northern California's legal cannabis industry.
# Jacques Borel

Jacques Borel (17 December 1925 in Paris – 25 September 2002) was a French author best known for his 1965 novel L'Adoration (translated into English as The Bond), which won the Prix Goncourt.
# Ngariman

In Karajarri mythology, Ngariman is a quoll-man who killed the Bagadjimbiri, two dingo spirits and sons of Dilga, an earth goddess. In revenge, she drowned Ngariman with her milk by flooding the cavern where he killed her sons.

## Sources

* Piddington, Ralph (1932) "Karadjeri Initiation" in Oceana, Volume 3, Issue 1, September 1932, Pages 46-87
* "Bagadjimbiri" A Dictionary of World Mythology: 1St American Ed by Arthur Cotterell. Oxford University Press, 1980. pp. 270-271