OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1970 UCI Track Cycling World Championships

The 1970 UCI Track Cycling World Championships were the World Championship for track cycling. They took place in Leicester, United Kingdom in 1970. Eleven events were contested, 9 for men (3 for professionals, 6 for amateurs) and 2 for women.

## Medal summary

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Men's Professional Events ||||
| Men's sprint details | Gordon Johnson Australia | Sante Gaiardoni Italy | Leijn Loevesijn Netherlands |
| Men's individual pursuit details | Hugh Porter Great Britain | Lorenzo Bosisio Italy | Charly Grosskost France |
| Men's motor-paced details | Ehrenfried Rudolph West Germany | Theo Verschueren Belgium | Piet de Wit Netherlands |
| Men's Amateur Events ||||
| Men's 1 km time trial details | Niels Fredborg Denmark | Harry Kent New Zealand | Anton Tkáč Czechoslovakia |
| Men's sprint details | Daniel Morelon France | Peder Pedersen Denmark | Gérard Quintyn France |
| Men's individual pursuit details | Xaver Kurmann Switzerland | Ian Hallam Great Britain | Viktor Bykov Soviet Union |
| Men's team pursuit details | West Germany Günter Haritz Peter Vonhof Ernst Claußmeyer Udo Hempel | East Germany Thomas Huschke Heinz Richter Herbert Richter Manfred Ulbricht | Soviet Union Stanislav Moskvin Vladimir Kuznetsov Viktor Bykov Vladimir Semenets |
| Men's motor-paced details | Cees Stam Netherlands | Horst Gnas West Germany | Antonio Cerda Spain |
| Men's tandem details | West Germany Jürgen Barth Rainer Muller | East Germany Hans-Jürgen Geschke Werner Otto | France Gérard Quintyn Daniel Morelon |
| Women's Events ||||
| Women's sprint details | Galina Tsareva Soviet Union | Galina Ermolaeva Soviet Union | Valentina Savina Soviet Union |
| Women's individual pursuit details | Tamara Garkuchina Soviet Union | Raisa Obodovskaya Soviet Union | Beryl Burton Great Britain |

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | West Germany | 3 | 1 | 0 | 4 |
| 2 | Soviet Union | 2 | 2 | 3 | 7 |
| 3 | Great Britain | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| 4 | Denmark | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 5 | France | 1 | 0 | 3 | 4 |
| 6 | Netherlands | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 |
| 7 | Australia | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 7 | Switzerland | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 9 | East Germany | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 9 | Italy | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 11 | Belgium | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 11 | New Zealand | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 13 | Czechoslovakia | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 13 | Spain | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (14 entries) | Totals (14 entries) | 11 | 11 | 11 | 33 |
# Louisa O'Brien

Louisa O'Brien MBE born Louisa Read (1 September 1880 – 16 December 1957) was an Australian hotelier. She controlled a number of hotels but her favourite was the South Australia Hotel in Adelaide which she revived into one of the best hotels "in the empire".

## Life

O'Brien was born in 1880 in Naracoorte, South Australia. Her parents Mary Hannah (born Chaston) and George Henry Read ran hotels and her father also trained racehorses. As a child she was in Melbourne until in 1890 the family came back to Adelaide where she went to the Hardwicke Girls College. Her parents managed the Black Bull Inn. It was said to be the city's first hotel and it had taken that name in 1841.
She obtained the lease in 1913 of the Young Queen Inn in Gawler Place in Adelaide. She obtained some of the money from her husband John O'Brien who was a jockey. She had married him two years before even though her father disapproved of him.
O'Brien took over the Black Bull Inn in 1921 and her husband died in an accident while horse racing in the following year. Her children went to boarding schools and she ran the hotel.
In 1934 she decided to lease the somewhat run down South Australia Hotel in Adelaide. It was said that she sacked all the kitchen staff and employed new people to transform the hotel by painting it in 48 hours. On the third day, lunch was served in a white and gold room that would seat 600 people. She employed a Ukrainian immigrant named Lewy Cotton who had been at the hotel since 1920. He had become head waiter in 1928. He became well known and it was said that the hotel's snobby clientele were pleased when they got a nod or a smile from Lewy. Lewy was dedicated and he rented a room nearby so that he could spend all his waking hours at the hotel six days a week. On Sundays Lewy saw his wife and child. O'Brien employed the architect Frank Kenneth Milne to do the interior design for her hotel. She was said to be the "grand duchess of the hotel world".
She was awarded an MBE in 1948 for her charity work. O'Brien died in her South Australia Hotel in Adelaide in 1957. She had three children and two daughters and all but one daughter survived her and several managed her hotels. In 1971 the South Australia hotel closed and it was replaced by a less characterful replacement.
# The Canyon of Adventure

The Canyon of Adventure is a 1928 American silent Western film directed by Albert S. Rogell and written by Marion Jackson and Ford Beebe. The film stars Ken Maynard, Virginia Brown Faire, Eric Mayne, Theodore Lorch, Tyrone Brereton and Hal Salter. The film was released on April 22, 1928, by First National Pictures.

## Cast

* Ken Maynard as Steven Bancroft
* Virginia Brown Faire as Dolores Castanares
* Eric Mayne as Don Miguel Castanares
* Theodore Lorch as Don Alfredo Villegas
* Tyrone Brereton as Luis Villegas
* Hal Salter as Jake Leach
* Billy Franey as Buzzard Koke
* Slim Whitaker as Slim Burke
* Tarzan as Tarzan
# Lucy Jarvis (producer)

Lucile Jarvis (née Howard; June 24, 1917 – January 26, 2020) was an American television producer.

## Career

Lucy Jarvis was born in New York City to Herman Howard and Sophie Kirsch on June 24, 1917. Jarvis studied home economics and nutrition at Cornell University and was also president of the drama club. She was hired as a dietitian at the New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center but subsequently became food editor for McCall's magazine, leaving that position to raise two children. While volunteering for the Organization for Rehabilitation through Training, she produced a documentary, Passport to Freedom. She worked for several radio and television organizations and was women’s television editor for Pathé News. In 1957, she worked with Martha Rountree on a public affairs radio show based in Washington, D.C. In 1959, Jarvis joined NBC as an associate producer for The Nation’s Future, a program where various topics were debated; in 1961, she became producer. Her 1963 documentary The Kremlin received an Emmy Award for cinematography. The 1964 documentary The Louvre: A Golden Prison received a Peabody Award, a Radio-TV Critics Award and six Emmys; in 1968, Jarvis was named a Chevalier in the French Ordre des Arts et des Lettres. In 1973, she received a Hillman Prize for the documentary What Price Health.
In 1976, Jarvis left NBC to produce several Barbara Walters specials for ABC. She subsequently formed her own production company which produced a number of films, including the television movie Family Reunion. She was producer for a 1988 Russian-American co-production of the Broadway musical Sophisticated Ladies. In 1990, Jarvis brought the Russian rock opera Juno and Avos to New York City.
In November 2017, Jarvis was presented with the Women's Entrepreneurship Day Pioneer Award for her groundbreaking success in Media at the United Nations in New York City.

## Personal life

Lucy Howard married Serge Jarvis, a lawyer, in 1940.
In 1972, Jarvis signed her name to the Ms. campaign “We Have Had Abortions.” The campaign called for an end to "archaic laws" limiting reproductive freedom, and encouraging women to share their stories and take action.
On June 23, 2012, Jarvis celebrated her 95th birthday at the Boathouse in New York City, with a festive hat garden party. She turned 100 in June 2017 and died on January 26, 2020, at the age of 102.
# 1970 in Scotland

"none" is preferred when the title is already sufficiently detailed; see [[WP:SDNONE]]
Events from the year 1970 in Scotland.

## Incumbents

* Secretary of State for Scotland and Keeper of the Great Seal – Willie Ross until 20 June; then Gordon Campbell

### Law officers

* Lord Advocate – Henry Wilson; then Norman Wylie
* Solicitor General for Scotland – Ewan Stewart until June; then David Brand

### Judiciary

* Lord President of the Court of Session and Lord Justice General – Lord Clyde
* Lord Justice Clerk – Lord Grant
* Chairman of the Scottish Land Court – Lord Birsay

## Events

* 21 January – Fraserburgh lifeboat Duchess of Kent, on service to the Danish fishing vessel Opal, capsizes with the loss of five of the six crew members.
* 19 March – The South Ayrshire by-election is held. Jim Sillars retains the seat for the Labour Party.
* 24 May – The Greek Orthodox Cathedral of St Luke in Glasgow is raised to this status.
* 18 June – The 1970 general election is held. Labour wins a majority in Scotland with 48 out of the 71 seats available, but the Conservative Party wins a majority across the UK, and Edward Heath replaces Harold Wilson as Prime Minister. The Scottish National Party wins its first MP elected at a general election (Donald Stewart in the Western Isles) but Winnie Ewing loses the Hamilton seat; leaving the SNP with only a single seat.
* 26 June – The Kingston Bridge, Glasgow opens.
* 16 – 25 July: the 1970 British Commonwealth Games are held in Edinburgh.
* 26 July – 1 August – the 1970 Commonwealth Paraplegic Games are held in Edinburgh.
* 7 October – BP announces the discovery of the massive Forties Oil Field in Scottish waters.
* Hepatitis B outbreak in Edinburgh.
* Blair Drummond Safari Park opens.

## Births

* 14 February – Paul Rutherford, powerlifter
* 16 April – James Watson, actor
* 10 May – David Weir, international footballer
* 4 July
** Lewis MacLeod, voice actor
** Doddie Weir, rugby union player (died 2022)
* 19 July – Nicola Sturgeon, SNP politician, First Minister of Scotland (2014– ; Deputy from 2007)
* 21 July – Angus MacNeil, SNP politician
* 12 August – Alan Brown, SNP politician
* 21 August – David Hopkin, footballer
* 22 July – Doug Johnstone, crime fiction writer, rock musician and physicist
* 17 September – Dallas Campbell, television presenter
* 17 December – Stella Tennant, model (died 2020)
* 23 December – Karine Polwart, singer-songwriter

## Deaths

* 25 May – Tom Patey, mountaineer (born 1932), died in climbing accident
* 13 June – John Nicholson, footballer (born 1888)
# History of dendrobatid frogkeeping

Poison dart frogs have been regularly maintained and bred in captivity since the 1970s. The International Zoo Yearbook reported in 1977 that Stuttgart Zoo bred Phyllobates bicolor and Zoo Basel bred Dendrobates auratus.
The first documented successful captive propagation of dendrobatids in the United States is a report by David Grow that describes breeding success for Dendrobates auratus at the Sedgwick County Zoo in Wichita, Kansas. By the 1980s, dart-frogs were being kept by hobbyists and not just by zoos and scientific institutions.
In the United Kingdom, the British Dendrobatid Group (BDG) was set up in 1989 by Bob Davies and Malcolm Peaker. Despite its name, the BDG was an international group of people concerned with one objective: the conservation and captive breeding of a small group of South American frogs belonging to the genera Dendrobates, Phyllobates and Oophaga, as well as similar, related genera such as the Madagascan Mantella species.
There is evidence from publications that these frogs may have been maintained by private individuals in mainland Europe considerably earlier than this, even starting in 1932.
Dendrobates tinctorius azureus was bred successfully at Paignton Zoo in February 2018.
# The Brindley

The Brindley is a theatre in the town of Runcorn, Cheshire, England. Located by the Bridgewater Canal, the centre is named after the canal's engineer, James Brindley. It opened in autumn 2004; the architects were John Miller and Partners. The building is owned and operated by Halton Borough Council.

## Design and construction

Halton Borough Council were concerned about the building's impact on the environment and about its energy requirements. Therefore "low energy, high efficiency techniques" were used in its construction. These include a TermoDeck slab system, a storage technique for controlling the environment within large and medium-sized buildings using hollow cores within pre-cast concrete floor slabs as ventilation ducts.

## Facilities

The venue consists of a 420-seat main auditorium playing host to touring productions, a professional pantomime each Christmas season, local amateur shows and in-house productions, a 108-seat studio which also serves as a single screen cinema, an exhibition and gallery space, an education room, a dark room, a digital imaging room, dressing rooms, a meeting room, a bar and a café overlooking the Bridgewater Canal.

## Awards

The centre has won several awards for its architecture: The Centre Vision Award from The Civic Trust in 2005, the Excellence in Access award from the ADAPT Trust (Access for Disabled People to Arts Premises Today), and the Architectural Award from the Royal Institute of British Architects. RIBA praised the building for fitting into its context, using the canal-side location to give views, and making good use of its budget. It also won the Open Award for Technical Excellence in Architectural Technology 2008.
For its community activities, The Brindley won the title Best Arts Project in the UK at The National Lottery Awards in 2007. In May 2008, the theatre won the Best Performance Venue Award at the Mersey Partnership Tourism Awards 2008.
# The Brindleford Follies

The Brindleford Follies is the first album from Canadian indie rock group Novillero. It was released on Endearing Records in 2001.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Patrick Lejtenyi of Exclaim! described the album as "spaced-out and weirdly melodic, with a mysterious brass undercurrent and definitely late '60s Kinks influenced" and went on to say, "There is a magical, deeply romantic quality one finds in literature that is translated here onto a compact disc – an ambitious undertaking, carried out with restrained elegance".

## Track listing

* "The Plaguing of an Ex-Comic's Mind" – (Slaughter) – 4:11
* "Stumble On" – (Slaughter) – 3:50
* "Vermillion Trade Show" – (Hildebrandt, Slaughter) - 3:33
* "The Day the Trumpet Player Fell in Love, and Learned to Hate Men" – (Berthiaume) – 2:44
* "Goodbye Blue Monday" – (Stevens) – 3:42
* "Ambrose, We Need Advice" – (Slaughter) – 2:30
* "On a Canvas, Stained" – (Slaughter) – 3:55
* "World's Eye View" – (Berthiaume) – 3:49
* "Cat Scan" – (Hildebrandt, Slaughter) – 3:21
* "The Muse" – (Slaughter) – 3:21
* "Loose Lips Sink Ships" – (Slaughter, Stevens) – 4:36
* "The Best You Ever Saw" – (Dempster) – 2:54
# 1974 Swedish Open – Doubles

The 1974 Swedish Open – Doubles event was part of the 1974 Swedish Open tennis tournament and was played on outdoor clay courts in Båstad, Sweden between 10 July and 16 July 1973. The draw consisted of 16 teams. Nikola Pilić and Stan Smith were the defending Swedish Open doubles champions but did not compete in this edition. Paolo Bertolucci and Adriano Panatta won the title by defeating Ove Nils Bengtson and Björn Borg in the final, 3–6, 6–2, 6–4.

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking
| First Round | First Round | First Round | First Round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| Björn Borg Ove Bengtson | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Per Jemsby Håkan Zahr | 1 | 3 | | Björn Borg Ove Bengtson | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | |
| Julián Ganzábal Jaime Pinto Bravo | 2 | 0 | | Kjell Johansson Martin Mulligan | 3 | 1 | | | | | | | | |
| Kjell Johansson Martin Mulligan | 6 | 6 | | | | | | Björn Borg Ove Bengtson | 6 | 7 | | | | |
| Corrado Barazzutti Tonino Zugarelli | 6 | 3 | 5 | | | | | Iván Molina Jairo Velasco Sr. | 3 | 6 | | | | |
| Birger Andersson Bo Holmstrom | 3 | 6 | 7 | Birger Andersson Bo Holmstrom | 5 | 2 | | | | | | | | |
| Iván Molina Jairo Velasco Sr. | 6 | 3 | 6 | Iván Molina Jairo Velasco Sr. | 7 | 6 | | | | | | | | |
| Hans Kary Onny Parun | 2 | 6 | 3 | | | | | | | | Björn Borg Ove Bengtson | 6 | 2 | 4 |
| Leif Johansson Jan Zabrodsky | 7 | 7 | | | | | | | | | Paolo Bertolucci Adriano Panatta | 3 | 6 | 6 |
| Belus Prajoux Hans-Joachim Plötz | 6 | 5 | | Leif Johansson Jan Zabrodsky | 6 | 2 | 2 | | | | | | | |
| Terje Larsen Rolf Norberg | 3 | 1 | | Željko Franulović Steve Krulevitz | 2 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | |
| Željko Franulović Steve Krulevitz | 6 | 6 | | | | | | Željko Franulović Steve Krulevitz | 4 | 3 | | | | |
| Wojciech Fibak Tadeusz Nowicki | 6 | 6 | | | | | | Paolo Bertolucci Adriano Panatta | 6 | 6 | | | | |
| Hans Nerell Tenny Svensson | 1 | 2 | | Wojciech Fibak Tadeusz Nowicki | 7 | 4 | 4 | | | | | | | |
| Jun Kamiwazumi Fred McNair | 3 | 6 | | Paolo Bertolucci Adriano Panatta | 5 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | |
| Paolo Bertolucci Adriano Panatta | 6 | 7 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# Lucyna Andrysiak

Lucyna Mieczysława Andrysiak (2 January 1955 – 6 December 2017) was a Polish politician who was a Member of Kuyavian-Pomeranian Regional Assembly and a former Assembly Chairperson (2000–06).
In 1998 Polish local election she joined the Regional Assembly I term representing the 2nd district. From September 2000 to December 2017 she was Assembly Chairperson (Przewodniczący Sejmiku Województwa Kujawsko-Pomorskiego).
In 2002 election she was elected again. She polled 5,404 votes and was first on the Democratic Left Alliance-Labor Union list. Assembly II term elected her as Assembly Chairperson again.
In 2006 election she was elected for a third time. She scored 3,950 votes, running on the Left and Democrats list.
She died on 6 December 2017 at the age of 62.
# The Cold Light of Day

The Cold Light of Day or Cold Light of Day may refer to:
* The Cold Light of Day (2012 film), an American espionage action thriller
* The Cold Light of Day, a 1996 film directed by Rudolf van den Berg and a remake of Es geschah am hellichten Tag
* Cold Light of Day (1989 film), a 1989 British film (see 47th Venice International Film Festival)
# Lovell General Hospital

Lovell General Hospital may refer to:
* Lovell General Hospital (Rhode Island), an American Civil War-era hospital in Portsmouth, Rhode Island
* Lovell General Hospital (Massachusetts), a former U.S. Army hospital located at Fort Devens in Massachusetts
# Ludwig Schopen

Ludwig Schopen (17 October 1799, in Düsseldorf – 22 November 1867, in Bonn) was a German classical philologist and Byzantinist.

## Biography

As a gymnasium student in his hometown of Düsseldorf, he was encouraged by Karl Wilhelm Kortüm and Friedrich Kohlrausch to study history and philology. He studied at the University of Heidelberg as a pupil of Friedrich Creuzer, and in 1818 transferred to the newly-founded University of Bonn. Subsequently, he became a disciple of philologist Karl Friedrich Heinrich at Bonn, where in 1821 he received the first doctorate awarded by the faculty of philosophy.
After graduation, he worked as a gymnasium teacher in Bonn, and in the meantime, pursued philological and historical research. He worked closely with Bonn professor Barthold Georg Niebuhr, and focused his attention on Byzantine studies, publishing critical editions on the writings of John Kantakouzenos (3 volumes, 1828–32) and Nicephorus Gregoras (2 volumes, 1829–30) as a result. With support from Friedrich Ritschl, he was named an associate professor at the university in 1840, attaining a full professorship of philology in 1844. In 1847 he was appointed director of the Bonn gymnasium.

## Selected works

* De Terentio et Donato eius interprete dissertatio critica (dissertation, 1821).
* Ioannis Cantacuzeni eximperatoris historiarum libri IV. Graece et Latine (3 volumes, 1828–32) – edition of John Kantakouzenos.
* Nicephori Gregorae Byzantina historia Graece et Latine (2 volumes, 1829–30) – edition of Nicephorus Gregoras.
* Kritische Beiträge zu Fronto, 1830 – Critical reviews of Marcus Cornelius Fronto.
* Unedirte Scholien zur Terenz, 1832 – Unedited scholia of Terence.
* Annae Comnenae Alexiadis libri XV; (2 volumes 1839–78, 2nd volume edited by August Reifferscheid) – an edition of Anna Komnene's Alexiad, Book XV.
* Unedirte Scholien zu Juvenal’s III. Satire, 1847 – Unedited scholia of Juvenal's Satires, Book III.
* Carmina Valerii Catonis cum A. F. Naekii annotationibus; (1847, posthumous release of August Ferdinand Naeke's edition of Valerius Cato).
# Lucille Wilcox Joullin

Lucille Wilcox Joullin (1876–1924) was an American painter known for her landscapes of California and the Pueblo Indians of New Mexico.

## Biography

Lucille (or Lucile) Wilcox Joullin was born in Geneseo, Illinois on September 6, 1876. She worked with John Vanderpoel at the Art Institute of Chicago. In 1894, she went to San Francisco. Her first marriage was to artist Jules Mersfelder. Her second was to Amédée Joullin (a painter himself) in 1907. The couple went on an extended honeymoon in Paris, returning to San Francisco in 1909. After the death of her husband in 1917, she married Edward H. Benjamin, a mining engineer, and spent long periods in New Mexico. She lived in San Francisco until her death on June 5, 1924.

## Exhibitions

* San Francisco Art Association, 1905.
* Mark Hopkins Institute of Art, 1906.
* Sketch Club (San Francisco), 1906.
* Paris Salon, 1908.
* Rabjohn & Morcom (San Francisco), 1915 (solo).
* Kanst Galleries (Los Angeles), 1923.

## Museum collection

* Southwest Museum. Los Angeles.
# Holbrook Radar Bomb Scoring Site

Holbrook Radar Bomb Scoring Site (call sign Holbrook Bomb Plot) is a Formerly Used Defense Site of 8 acres (3.2 ha) near Winslow, Arizona, that was used as a Cold War Strategic Air Command radar station for the Holbrook Radar Bomb Scoring Range. Detachment 2 of the Radar Bomb Scoring Division transferred its personnel and equipment from the South Dakota Interior Radar Bomb Scoring Site (call sign Badlands Bomb Plot) Spring 1968. The site had a housing area, and after the division became the 1st Electronic Combat Range Group (1ECRG), in August 1989 the detachment and site transferred from the 1ECRG to the 99th Strategic Weapons Wing.
"The last ECM-only sortie" scored by the site was c. September 30, 1993 by a C-130 Hercules from Hurlburt Field, and Holbrook's detachment merged with Detachment 19 from the Poplar, Montana, site to become Detachment 4 at Harrison, Arkansas. In 1993, "part of Holbrook Radar Bomb Scoring Site [was] conveyed to the National Park Service" (Petrified Forest National Park).
# The Georgians (American band)

The Georgians were a jazz and dance band formed in 1921 and led by trumpeter Frank Guarente. It was one of the earliest "bands within a band", being a subset of the Paul Specht Orchestra. Specht's full group played in the ballroom of the Hotel Alamac in New York City beginning in 1920; a subgroup performed in the hotel's cocktail lounge or nightclub under the leadership of Guarente.
The Georgians recorded on Columbia Records. Specht credited Columbia A & R executive Frank Walker with the group's name. The Georgians' first recording was Columbia A3775, containing "I Wish I Could Shimmy Like My Sister Kate" and their rendition of the popular tune "Chicago" on the flip side, recorded in November 1922 and released in March 1923. Another record was Columbia 23-D: "Hometown Blues" and "You May Be Fast, But Your Mama's Gonna Slow You Down". Their chief arranger was pianist Arthur Schutt. The group toured Europe from 1922 to 1924, before rejoining the Phil Specht Orchestra.
After the group disbanded, Guarente formed the New Georgians and toured Europe from 1924 to 1927.
A few studio recording groups used the name between 1924 and 1929. According to one source, they were the Georgians without Guarente and with different directors, while Scott Yanow states they were unrelated. Two titles were released in 1925 featuring Red Nichols.