OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Victorine Louistall Monroe

Victorine Augusta Louistall Monroe (August 19, 1912 – October 6, 2006) was Professor Emerita of Library Science at West Virginia University and a member of the Clarksburg and West Virginia Library Commissions. She was the first African American woman to be awarded a graduate degree from the university when she received her master's degree in education in 1945. In 1966, she became the first Black faculty member at West Virginia University, where she was hired as a professor of library science.

## Biography
### Early life and marriage

Monroe was born on August 19, 1912, in Cumberland, Maryland to Campbell McRae Louistall and Malinda (Waller) Smith Louistall. She attended school from kindergarten to fifth grade in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. She moved to Clarksburg, West Virginia with her mother in 1922. Monroe married Ernest Eugene Monroe in 1981.

### Education

Monroe graduated from Kelly Miller High School in Clarksburg, West Virginia. She attended West Virginia State College in Institute, West Virginia for her B.S. in business administration, which she received in 1936. She came to West Virginia University's Morgantown campus in 1942, at a time when she could not live on campus or eat in the student cafeteria, and when Blacks were denied service in local restaurants. She received her Master of Arts in education from West Virginia University in 1945. Her Master's thesis was titled A Comparison of the Opportunities Offered in Negro and White Senior High Schools in the Field of Commerce in West Virginia. She completed a second Master of Arts degree in library science from West Virginia University in 1963.

## Career

Monroe taught at Kelly Miller High School from 1937 to 1966, and was a librarian at Roosevelt-Wilson High School in Clarksburg, West Virginia from 1956 to 1966, before she was appointed the first African American full time professor at West Virginia University in 1966. She was promoted to the rank of associate professor in 1974. In 1992, she was inducted in the Order of Vandalia, WVU's highest honor for service to the university, and she served as a member of the President's Advisory Committee for eight years. She retired from West Virginia University in 1978 as a Professor Emerita, and later served on the West Virginia Library Commission from 1980 to 1992.

## Recognition

Monroe received a distinguished service award from the Black Caucus of the American Library Association (ALA) during the annual conference in Atlanta in 1991.
The Victorine Louistall Monroe Award for outstanding leadership and service to the African American community was established by the WVU Center for Black Culture and Research in 1992 in honor of Monroe's achievements.

## Legacy

A portrait of Victorine Louistall Monroe was unveiled in WVU's Robinson Reading Room 2022. It was the first painting to be commissioned as part of the Inclusive Portrait Project to expand the portrait collection at WVU Libraries. Monroe's portrait was painted by Anna Allen, a 2021 WVU BFA painting graduate and West Virginia native.
The Victorine Louistall Monroe Papers are archived at the West Virginia Regional History Center.
# Joseph Mees

Joseph Mees (18 April 1923 – 9 December 2001) was a Belgian prelate of the Catholic Church who spent his career in the diplomatic service of the Holy See, including almost twenty years as an Apostolic Nuncio.

## Biography

Joseph Mees was born in Bornem, Belgium, on 18 April 1923. He was ordained a priest on 4 April 1948.
To prepare for a diplomatic career he entered the Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy in 1948.
On 14 June 1969, Pope Paul VI named him a titular archbishop and Apostolic Nuncio to Indonesia. He received his episcopal consecration from Cardinal Jean-Marie Villot on 30 June 1969.
On 11 July 1973, Pope Paul appointed him Apostolic Nuncio to Paraguay. He had a close relationship with Paraguayan dictator Alfredo Stroessner.
On 19 January 1985, Pope John Paul II named him Apostolic Delegate to Southern Africa and Apostolic Pro-Nuncio to Lesotho. Rather than support the anti-apartheid efforts of the South African bishops led by Denis Hurley, Archbishop of Durban, Mees quoted Pope John Paul's structures against clerical participation in politics, the same words South African President P.W. Botha had quoted to the bishops: "It is not for the pastors of the Church to intervene directly in the political construction and organization of social life. This task forms part of the vocation of the laity acting on their own initiative with their fellow citizens." Mees left South Africa in October 1987, apparently recalled to Rome, leaving in charge of the nunciature Mario Cassari, who gave the bishops' political efforts his enthusiastic endorsement.
Mees died on 9 December 2001.
# Microcarina surgerea

Microcarina surgerea is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk, unassigned in the superfamily Seguenzioidea, the turban snails.

## Description

The shell grows to a length of 1 mm.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off Australia, from New South Wales to Victoria.
# Château de la Faigne

Château de la Faigne was a castle in Pays de la Loire, France.

## History

An English force, led by Thomas de Grandison was defeated beneath the walls of the castle on 4 December 1370, by a French force led by Bertrand du Guesclin and Jean IV de Mauquenchy, during the Hundred Years' War. Among the French casualties was the marshal, Arnoul d'Audrehem, who was mortally wounded. The English force was almost wiped out. Grandison, Philip Courtenay and Hugh Despenser, were captured.

## Citations

* ↑ Sumption 2009, pp. 89–91.
* ↑ Fowler 2001, p. 294.
# Amanjena

Amanjena (meaning "peaceful paradise") is a luxury hotel and resort in Palmeraie, a southeastern suburb of Marrakesh, Morocco. Built-in 2000, it was the first Aman Resort on the African continent. In May 2015, David Beckham celebrated his 40th birthday at the hotel.

## Background

Amanjena is situated in Marrakesh's Palmeraie, along the road to Ouarzazate, just outside Morocco's UNESCO-protected city of Marrakech in an area where the river valleys of Draa and Dadès merge with the Sahara desert. The resort is set in the backdrop of a hill which rises to a height of 13,000 feet (4,000 m), in the surroundings of an olive orchard of the Almoravid period. There are views of the Atlas Mountains.
The 2010 movie Sex and the City 2 was filmed at Amanjena. In May 2015, David Beckham celebrated his 40th birthday at the hotel, along with guests Gordon Ramsay and Tana Ramsay, David Gardner and Liv Tyler, the Spice Girls, Eva Longoria, Tom Cruise, David Blaine, Guy Ritchie and Vanessa Feltz.

## Amanjena

Amanjena was designed by the architect Ed Tuttle, and was built over a period of two years. Tuttle was inspired by his trips across Morocco and southern Spain, with the Spanish Alhambra palace and 12th-century Menara Gardens purportedly being inspirations. and The Moorish architecture is in the Arabic/Moroccan traditional style, consisting of 32 pavilions and seven houses ("maisons"), with contemporary interiors. The design incorporates the Moorish building practice of pise, packed-earth structures, such as is incorporated in the nearby Berber village structures. The color scheme matches the Red City buildings of Marrakesh. The structure is of stone, pale peach in color, with pink, honey and sage green paint colors used throughout the building.
The massive entry door emulates that of an ancient Arab civilization. Amanjena has a very large lobby in the Moorish style, and features jade-coloured fountains. The lobby is patterned on the lines of a caravanserai, an Ogres suggestive of the Mezquita, the Mosque of Cordoba, with colonnades which open into waterfronts. Other features include sandy clay roofing, two-story lounges, internal patios which face fountains, arches, chiseled pillars, glazed Moroccan tiles, and a frieze of ziggurat design. Various decorating techniques are used, such as écaille de poisson for the zellige and plâtre ciselé for the walls.
The rooms are decorated with Berber rugs and lanterns and have high ceilings. Eight pavilions have their own private garden oasis and pool, while the other six offer views of the main pool. The dwellings are modeled after traditional Moroccan townhouses. A library and two restaurants are available at Amanjena. The main restaurant has a 6 metre (20 ft) high roof and 80 onyx pillars, while another restaurant serves Japanese cuisine. Aside from the large pool, there is a gym and a spa with a hammam, sauna, and steam room.
# Vysočany (disambiguation)

Vysočany is a district of Prague, Czech Republic.
Vysočany may also refer to places:

## Czech Republic

* Vysočany (Blansko District), a municipality and village in the South Moravian Region
* Vysočany (Znojmo District), a municipality and village in the South Moravian Region
* Vysočany, a village and part of Bor (Tachov District) in the South Bohemian Region
* Vysočany (Hrušovany), a hamlet and part of Hrušovany in the Ústí nad Labem Region
* Vysočany, a village and part of Manětín in the Plzeň Region
* Vysočany, a village and part of Nový Bydžov in the Hradec Králové Region

## Slovakia

* Vysočany (Bánovce nad Bebravou District), a municipality and village in the Trenčín Region
# Enseigne de vaisseau non entretenu

Enseigne de vaisseau non entretenu (literally: "Ensign without a salary") was a junior naval rank in the French Navy during the Revolutionary Wars.
The duties of an Enseigne de vaisseau non entretenu were the same as those of an enseigne de vaisseau entretenu (Ensign), but on a contractual basis rather than a full commission. An Enseigne de vaisseau non entretenu would wear the uniform and have authority only when on service, and was not paid when off-duty.
There was a fixed number (200) of positions for "entretenus", which required a competitive examination. The number "non entretenus" had no such limit, and one could obtain the status by a simple examination or by captaining a merchantman. This allowed the Navy to augment its ranks at a time of crisis and as the personnel of the Navy was thin and disorganised by emigration and purges.
# Milden Thicks

Milden Thicks is a 42.3-hectare (105-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest east of Great Waldingfield in Suffolk, England. It is in four separate blocks, Bulls Cross Wood, Hazel Wood and the adjoining Hall Wood, Walding Wood and Long Wood.
These are diverse mature woods, described by Natural England as of national importance for the comparisons which can be made between them. There are several wild service trees, and the ground flora is rich and typical of ancient woodland.
# Verdehr Trio

The Verdehr Trio was a chamber ensemble that worked to promote the clarinet-violin-piano trio repertoire through international commissions, recordings, and performances. The trio featured Walter Verdehr on violin, Elsa Ludewig-Verdehr on clarinet, and Silvia Roederer on piano. The Ludewig-Verdehrs were married in 1971 and founded the trio in 1972 at Michigan State University where it remained in residence. Former pianists include Gary Kirkpatrick. The Verdehr Trio announced its retirement at the end of the 2014–15 season after 43 years.

## Commissions

Inspired by existing pieces for violin-clarinet-piano trio by 20th-century composers Bartók (Contrasts (Bartók)), Stravinsky, Milhaud, Khachaturian, Berg, Krenek, Poulenc and Ives, the trio commissioned over 200 new works. To round out their repertoire they discovered or transcribed 18th and 19th century pieces for violin-clarinet-piano. The trio also commissioned trio concertos from composers including Buhr, David, Ott, Skrowaczewski, and Wallace. They commissioned violin-clarinet double concertos from James Niblock, William Wallace, Dinos Constantinides, Paul Chihara, Ian Krouse and Richard Mills.
To make this music available the trio released The Making of a Medium CD Series on Crystal Records and a parallel Video Series including performances, interviews and discussions by the composers as well as a complete performance of the work. Series I includes composers Leslie Bassett, Alan Hovhaness, Karel Husa, Thea Musgrave (Pierrot), Ned Rorem, and Gunther Schuller. Series II, hosted by Peter Schickele, includes trios by Alexander Arutiunian, David Diamond, William Bolcom, Betsy Jolas, Libby Larsen, Philippe Manoury, Gian Carlo Menotti, Peter Sculthorpe, Peter Schickele and Joan Tower. A publishing project was also launched.

## Accomplishments

The trio received a Creative Programming Award from Chamber Music America and an Adventuresome Programming Award from ASCAP and Chamber Music America. An article about the Trio appears in the New Grove Dictionary of Music.
Elsa Ludewig-Verdehr is praised for her range of timbre and pitch, especially the clarinet's "chalumeau" or lowest register.

## Other composers commissioned

* Nathan Currier
* Douglas Knehans
* Iván Erőd
* David Lipten
* Octavio Vázquez

## Other composers premiered

* William Averitt – Tripartita (1988)
* Paul Chihara – Shogun (1987, trio)
* Ge Gan-Ru – Si
* Tomás Marco – Aequatorialis
* Gunther Schuller – A trio setting
* Douglas Knehans – rive
* Douglas Knehans – glow – concerto for violin, clarinet and orchestra
* Octavio Vázquez – trio for violin, clarinet and piano
* David Lipten – Whorl for violin, clarinet, and piano
# Vantage (cigarette)

Vantage is an American brand of cigarettes, currently owned and manufactured by the R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company.

## History

Vantage was introduced nationwide in November 1970 in the United States. Vantage is notable for its innovative filter design. Rather than featuring a solid filter like most cigarette brands, Vantage's filter features a conical hole in its center. While seemingly as mysterious as Parliament's recessed filter, Vantage advertising from 1977 states that the reasoning behind the design is to give "smokers the flavor of a full-flavor cigarette without anywhere near the 'tar' or nicotine".
It received its biggest advertising push in the 1970s and '80s but is now categorized as a 'non-support' brand; though R.J. Reynolds will not provide marketing support for Vantage, the company will maintain the brand's distribution where there is consumer demand.
In September 2015, the Food and Drug Administration forbade the selling of 4 brands: Camel Bold Crush, Vantage Tech 13 and the regular and menthol versions of Pall Mall Deep Set Recessed Filter cigarettes because R.J. Reynolds had failed to prove that the cigarettes were no more dangerous than brands that have been on the market longer.

## Advertising

R.J. Reynolds has made various poster and magazine ads to promote Vantage in the 1970s and 1980s. A prominent slogan used at the time was "The new cigarette that doesn't cop out on flavor".
A few TV adverts were also made to promote the brand during the early 1970s.

## Sponsorship
### Contests

Vantage was the main sponsor of the "Women of Originality" contest held in Canada in 1998 and 1999. Women such as the singer-songwriter Jann Arden, fashion entertainer Jeanne Beker, figure skating choreographer Sandra Bezic and comedian Mary Walsh participated and won a "Vantage Women of Originality Award" on 7 May 1998. A second round was scheduled for June 1999.

## In popular culture
### Films

The final punch line of the film Reversal of Fortune comes as Jeremy Irons's Klaus von Bulow purchases "two packs Vantage" at a drug store.

### Novels

Vantage is featured as the heroine's cigarette of choice in Lorrie Moore's short story "Willing" in her collection Birds of America and is seen being stubbed out by a minor character in Donna Tartt's bestselling The Secret History. In chapter 103 of Forever by Pete Hamill, Cormac O'Connor purchases a pack of Vantage, ending nine days of not smoking.

## Markets

Vantage is mainly sold in the United States, but also was or still is sold in Canada, Argentina, Spain, Italy, Russia and Lebanon.
# Maya Embedded Language

The Maya Embedded Language (MEL) is a scripting language used to simplify tasks in the 3D graphics software Autodesk Maya. Most tasks that can be achieved through Maya's GUI can be achieved with MEL, as well as certain tasks that are not available from the GUI. MEL offers a method of speeding up complicated or repetitive tasks, as well as allowing users to redistribute a specific set of commands to others that may find it useful.

## Design

MEL is syntactically similar to Perl and Tcl. It provides some memory management and dynamic array-allocation, and offers direct access to functions specific to Maya. The majority of standard Maya commands are default MEL scripts, saved in the Maya Program Files directory.
MEL is fairly limited compared to mainstream scripting languages. It is primarily a language meant to journal the Maya session, so it lacks many advanced features such as associative arrays. Python was added to Maya as an alternative to MEL in Maya 8.5. Still MEL offers some advantages to Python:
* Discoverability of MEL is better since the built-in command echo server was created with MEL in mind.
* A lot of legacy code and inner working of Maya is in MEL form. This provides many insights into undocumented inner workings of Maya.
MEL is often criticized for its lack of programming features, and object orientation. In practice, however, MEL is used as a metaprogramming language where MEL just instructs Maya's node architecture to solve the problem. Since nodes form the actual computational core of Maya using a more robust readily apparent programming method would be a very inefficient approach. In many ways MEL complements the Maya API, with somewhat clear boundaries between allocated tasks. This makes MEL harder to learn and fully understand.

## Uses

The tools designed using MEL scripts generally come under the following categories:
* Data I/O
* Motion capture data import
* Proprietary game data export
* Scene meta-data for production tracking
* Geometry creation and modification
* Custom primitives
* Third-party renderer specific data type (e.g., RenderMan sub-divisional surfaces)
* Modeling tools not offered in the base package
* Animation tools
* Muscle simulators
* Rigging and setting up controls
* Crowd AI behavior
* Lighting /rendering tools
* Automatic creation of common complex shader setups
* Pre- and post-render effects
* Making calls to third-party renderers
* Dynamics
* Custom particle behavior
* Simulated object emergent flocking and swarming
* Genetic algorithms
* Cloth simulation
* File and folder scene setup and maintenance
* User interface customization
* Custom character controls
* Removal of invalid Maya commands
* Custom UIs

## Example

This is an example of a script which copies a selected object through its path:

## Features

Maya also offers an expression language that is a super-set of MEL, and results in nodes that are executed as part of Maya's dependency graph. Expressions are developed with Maya's expression editor, and allow scripts to trigger while Maya evaluates the scene file at each change in time, to simulate complex behaviors or perform other useful tasks.
# Amanjaya Specialist Centre

The Amanjaya Specialist Centre is a hospital that opened in August 2014 in Sungai Petani in the Malaysian state of Kedah. Funded in part by the Malaysian Federal government, it is reported as being the first hospital in Malaysia that will meet the "Green Building Index" criteria.
# James Fleming (British Army officer)

James Fleming or Flemming (1682 – 31 March 1751) was a British major-general, and colonel of the 36th (Herefordshire) Regiment of Foot.

## Life

Fleming was wounded at the Battle of Blenheim when serving as a captain in the Earl of Derby's regiment (16th Foot, now 1st Bedford). Afterwards for many years, he commanded the Royal Fusiliers, until promoted on 9 January 1741, colonel of the 36th Foot (now 2nd Worcester). He became a brigadier-general in 1745, was present at both the Battle of Falkirk and the Battle of Culloden, and became major-general in 1747.

## Legacy

He died at Bath, 31 March 1751. A monument with a medallion portrait and figures of Hercules and Minerva was erected to his memory in Westminster Abbey, where he is buried.
# Vysočina

Vysočina, meaning "highlands" in Czech, may refer to places in the Czech Republic:
* Vysočina Region, a region
* Vysočina (Chrudim District), a municipality in the Pardubice Region
* Bohemian-Moravian Highlands or Vysočina, a range of hills and low mountains
* FC Vysočina Jihlava, a football club
# Ensdorf-class minesweeper

Type 352 Ensdorf-class minesweepers are a class of five minesweepers of the German Navy. They are Type 343 Hameln-class minesweepers that have been upgraded with the Troika Plus system of minesweeping drones

## Design

The Ensdorf class have three modes to clear mine fields:
* Troika Plus: This system employs up to four remote controlled Seehund ("seal") drones which perform the sweep. The drones are small unmanned boats that can simulate the acoustic and magnetic signatures of bigger ships to trigger mines. Their small size and special construction let them survive the effects of exploding mines unharmed.
* Mine hunting: Mines detected with the hull-mounted sonar can be identified and exploded with expendable Seefuchs (Seafox) ROVs.
* Classical minesweeping: Against moored mines the classical minesweeping using towed wire cutters to cut the anchors of mines can be conducted.
The Ensdorf class replaced the Type 351 Lindau-class minesweepers in service with the German Navy.

### Seehund

The Seehund unmanned surface vehicles can be controlled remotely or manually by an onboard crew (usually three) for maneuvering in harbours or in training (the Seehund is too large to be carried by Ensdorf-class vessels). A life raft is carried for this reason. Seehunds are 25 m (82 ft) long with a displacement of 99 t. They are propelled by a Schottel Z-drive which gives them a maximum speed of 9–10 kn (17–19 km/h; 10–12 mph).

## Ship list

| Pennant number | Name | Call sign | Commissioned | Decommissioned |
| M1094 | Ensdorf | DRFN | 16 October 1990 | 31 July 2014 |
| M1093 | Auerbach/Oberpfalz | DRFR | 7 May 1991 | 17 December 2015 |
| M1092 | Hameln | DRFO | 29 June 1989 | 11 December 2014 |
| M1090 | Pegnitz | DRFT | 8 March 1990 | |
| M1098 | Siegburg | DRFL | 26 July 1990 | |
# Milde (river)

The Milde is a river in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt, source river of the Biese. It is 36 kilometres (22 mi) long, whereas the total Milde-Biese-Aland system is 97 kilometres (60 mi) long. The Milde flows into the Biese near Meßdorf.
# Monochrome rainbow

A monochrome or red rainbow is an optical and meteorological phenomenon and a rare variation of the more commonly seen multicolored rainbow. Its formation process is identical to that of a normal rainbow (namely the reflection/refraction of light in water droplets), the difference being that a monochrome rainbow requires the sun to be close to the horizon; i.e., near sunrise or sunset. The low angle of the sun results in a longer distance for its light to travel through the atmosphere, causing shorter wavelengths of light, such as blue, green and yellow, to be scattered and leaving primarily red. In the lower light environment where the phenomenon most often forms, a monochrome rainbow can leave a highly dramatic effect.
In July 1877, Silvanus P. Thompson witnessed a red and orange rainbow over Lake Lucerne in Switzerland:
   showed only red and orange colours in place of its usual array of hues. No fewer than five supernumerary arcs were visible at the inner edge of the primary bow, and these showed red only.
And there were a few more reports:.
In the background of Madonna of Foligno, there is a monochrome rainbow in orange.
# Joseph Johnson (footballer, born 1903)

Joseph Johnson (born 1903) was an English professional footballer who played as an inside right.

## Career

Born in Liverpool, Johnson signed for Bradford City in May 1927 from Scunthorpe United, leaving the club in 1928. During his time with Bradford City he made one appearance in the Football League, scoring one goal.

## Sources

* Frost, Terry (1988). Bradford City: A Complete Record 1903–1988. Breedon Books Sport. ISBN 0-907969-38-0.