OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Colin Gooddy

Colin William Gooddy (22 June 1933 – 13 April 2019) was an international motorcycle speedway rider for the England national speedway team. He earned one international cap for the England national speedway team.

## Speedway career

Gooddy rode in the top tier of British Speedway from 1955-1977, riding for various clubs.
He rode most of his domestic career for Oxford Cheetahs, becoming a heat leader for them and representing them in three separate spells from 1958 to 1960, 1962 to 1964 and from 1967 to 1972.
Gooddy reached the final of the British Speedway Championship in 1965.
# Virtex

* Virtex (FPGA), a series of FPGAs produced by Xilinx
* Virtex, a series of comic books published by Oktomica Comics
* Virtex L, otherwise known as sodium dithionite
# PRSV

PRSV may refer to:
* The plant pathogenic virus Papaya ringspot virus
* In thermodynamics, the Peng–Robinson–Stryjek–Vera equation of state
# Vemanpalle, Mancherial district

Vemanpalle is a village in Mancherial district of the Indian state of Telangana. It is located in Vemanpalle mandal of Mancherial revenue division.

## Geography

Vemanpally is located at 19°06′04″N 79°50′25″E﻿ / ﻿19.101063°N 79.8403716°E﻿ / 19.101063; 79.8403716.
# USS Galena

Three ships in the United States Navy have been named USS Galena. They were named for various communities that, in turn, were named for a native lead sulfide, the chief ore of lead. Cities, towns, and villages with the name exist in Kansas, Illinois, Maryland, Missouri, Ohio, and Alaska.
* USS Galena (1862), was a steamship during the American Civil War.
* USS Galena (1880), a steamship, was commissioned in 1880 and decommissioned in 1890.
* USS Galena (PC-1136), a patrol boat, was commissioned in 1943 and decommissioned in 1946.
# Tylenchus

Tylenchus is a genus of nematodes in the family Tylenchidae and subfamily Tylenchinae.
# Michael Hennrich

Michael Hennrich (born 14 January 1965) is a German lawyer and politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) who served as a member of the Bundestag from the state of Baden-Württemberg from 2002 to 2023.

## Political career

Hennrich became a member of the Bundestag in the 2002 German federal election, always being directly elected in the Nürtingen constituency He was a member of the Health Committee, where he served as his parliamentary group's rapporteur on pharmaceutical supply.
In addition to his committee assignments, Hennrich was also part of the German Parliamentary Friendship Group for Relations with Arabic-Speaking States in the Middle East, which is in charge of maintaining inter-parliamentary relations with Bahrain, Irak, Yemen, Jordan, Qatar, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, Palestinian territories.
Hennrich became a member of the German delegation to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) since 2010. In the Assembly, he served on the Committee on Culture, Science, Education and Media (2014–2018; since 2022); the Sub-Committee on the Cultural Heritage (2010–2012); the Sub-Committee on Development Issues (2010–2012).
In July 2022, Hennrich announced that he would resign from active politics by early 2023 and instead become managing director of the German Medicines Manufacturers´ Association (BAH).
At the end of February 2023, Hennrich resigned his mandate to work as managing director of the Federal Association of Drug Manufacturers [de]. Alexander Föhr succeeded him in the Bundestag.

## Other activities

* Süddeutsche Lebensversicherung, Member of the supervisory board (since 2016)
* Federal Network Agency for Electricity, Gas, Telecommunications, Post and Railway (BNetzA), Member of the advisory board (2003-2008)

## Political positions

In June 2017, Hennrich voted against Germany's introduction of same-sex marriage.
Ahead of the Christian Democrats’ leadership election, Hennrich publicly endorsed in 2020 Jens Spahn to succeed Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer as the party's chair.
# Menida

Menida is a genus of African, Asian and Australian shield-bugs in the subfamily Pentatominae and typical of the tribe Menidini; it was erected by Victor Motschulsky in 1861.

## Species

GBIF includes:
* Menida disjecta (Uhler, 1860)
* Menida formosa (Westwood, 1837)
* Menida lata Yang, 1934
* Menida megaspila (Walker, 1867)
* Menida musiva (JakovLev, 1867)
* Menida varipennis (Westwood, 1837)
* Menida versicolor (Gmelin, 1790)
* Menida violacea Motschulsky, 1861
# Motoren- und Turbinen-Union

Motoren- und Turbinen-Union GmbH (MTU) is a former German engine manufacturer, now two separate companies:
* MTU Aero Engines, a German aircraft engine manufacturer
* MTU Friedrichshafen, a former division of DaimlerChrysler
# PS Eleanor (1873)

PS Eleanor was a paddle steamer cargo vessel operated by the London and North Western Railway from 1873 to 1881.

## History

She was built by Robert Stephenson and Company for the London and North Western Railway in 1873. She may have been named after Eleanor Moon (1847–1859), the eldest daughter of the company's then chairman, Richard Moon, and was built specifically for the Greenore route that Moon had championed.$^{:340,342,482}$
She ran aground on 27 January 1881 at Leestone Point, Kilkeel, Ireland during a dense fog. The railway attempted to salvage her but severe gales in the following weeks completed her destruction.$^{:341}$ Within the year, the railway company had replaced her with a new paddle steamer of the same name, Eleanor.
# PRS Norway

PRS Norway (established 2016) is a Norwegian sports association for field based long range and precision shooting competitions with fullbore rifles. It is the Norwegian representative of the International Precision Rifle Federation, and can be viewed as the Norwegian version of the American PRS Series. Norwegian competitions are arranged in a cup format similar to the U.S. version
# Vemaka

The Vemaka were an ancient Indian tribe, located north of the larger tribe of the Kuninda in northern India.
They are known for their coins, as the silver coins of the Kunindas, the Vemakas and the Audumbaras closely follow the coins of the Indo-Greek king Apollodotus II in their characteristics (weight, size and material).
# Christian era (disambiguation)

Christian era may refer to
* the time since Christianisation in any given regional context.
** Early Christianity
** decline of Greco-Roman paganism
** Ancient Roman Christianity
** Christianization of the Germanic peoples
** Christianization of the Slavs
* in Christian eschatology, the age of the Church, between the age of Law and the Millennial age, see Dispensation (period)
* calendar eras: Calendar era#Christian era
** the Dionysian era or Common Era used in Western Christianity
** Etos Kosmou (Greek Orthodoxy)
** Era of the Martyrs (Diocletian era)
** Incarnation Era, see Ethiopian calendar
** Armenian calendar era (AD 552, year of the Monophysite schism)
# Jeníkovice

Jeníkovice may refer to places in the Czech Republic:
* Jeníkovice (Hradec Králové District), a municipality and village in the Hradec Králové Region
* Jeníkovice (Pardubice District), a municipality and village in the Pardubice Region
* Jeníkovice, a village and part of Meclov in the Plzeň Region
# Vanhanen I Cabinet

Matti Vanhanen's first cabinet was the 69th government of Finland. The cabinet was in office from 24 July 2003 to 19 April 2007, and its prime minister was Matti Vanhanen. The government was composed of a coalition formed by the Centre Party, the Social Democratic Party, and the Swedish People's Party.

## Ministers

| Portfolio | Minister | Took office | Left office | Party |
| Prime Minister | Matti Vanhanen | 24 June 2003 | 19 April 2007 | Centre |
| Deputy Prime Minister | Antti Kalliomäki | 24 June 2003 | 23 September 2005 | SDP |
| Deputy Prime Minister | Eero Heinäluoma | 23 September 2005 | 19 April 2007 | SDP |
| Minister of Foreign Affairs | Erkki Tuomioja | 24 June 2003 | 19 April 2007 | SDP |
| Minister of the Interior | Kari Rajamäki | 24 June 2003 | 19 April 2007 | SDP |
| Minister of Defence | Seppo Kääriäinen | 24 June 2003 | 19 April 2007 | Centre |
| Minister of Finance | Antti Kalliomäki | 24 June 2003 | 22 September 2005 | SDP |
| Minister of Finance | Eero Heinäluoma | 23 September 2005 | 19 April 2007 | SDP |
| Coordinate Minister of Finance | Ulla-Maj Wideroos | 24 June 2003 | 19 April 2007 | RKP |
| Minister of Education | Tuula Haatainen | 24 June 2003 | 22 September 2005 | SDP |
| Minister of Education | Eero Heinoluoma | 23 September 2005 | 19 April 2007 | SDP |
| Minister of Justice | Johannes Koskinen | 19 April 2007 | 22 June 2010 | SDP |
| Minister of Justice | Leena Luhtanen | 23 September 2005 | 19 April 2007 | SDP |
| Minister of Agriculture and Forestry | Juha Korkeaoja | 24 June 2003 | 19 April 2007 | Centre |
| Minister of Transport and Communications | Leena Luhtanen | 24 June 2003 | 22 September 2005 | SDP |
| Minister of Transport and Communications | Susanna Huovinen | 23 September 2005 | 19 April 2007 | SDP |
| Minister of Trade and Industry | Mauri Pekkarinen | 24 June 2003 | 19 April 2007 | Centre |
| Minister of Social Affairs and Health | Sinikka Mönkäre | 24 June 2003 | 22 September 2005 | SDP |
| Minister of Social Affairs and Health | Tuula Haatainen | 23 September 2005 | 19 April 2007 | SDP |
| Minister of Health and Social Services | Liisa Hyssälä | 24 June 2003 | 19 April 2007 | Centre |
| Minister of Labour | Tarja Filatov | 24 June 2003 | 19 April 2007 | SDP |
| Minister of the Environment | Jan-Erik Enestam | 24 June 2003 | 31 December 2006 | RKP |
| Minister of the Environment | Stefan Wallin | 1 January 2007 | 19 April 2007 | RKP |
| Minister of Culture | Tanja Saarela | 24 June 2003 | 19 April 2007 | Centre |
| Minister of Regional and Municipal Affairs | Hannes Manninen | 24 June 2003 | 19 April 2007 | Centre |
| Minister of Foreign Trade and Development | Paula Lehtomäki | 24 June 2003 | 2 September 2005 | Centre |
| Minister of Foreign Trade and Development | Mari Kiviniemi | 2 September 2005 | 3 March 2006 | Centre |
| Minister of Foreign Trade and Development | Paula Lehtomäki | 3 March 2006 | 19 April 2007 | Centre |
| Preceded byJäätteenmäki's Cabinet | Cabinet of Finland 26 June 2003 – 19 April 2007 | Succeeded byVanhanen's Second Cabinet |
# Trying

Trying may refer to:
* Trying (play), by Joanna Glass
* "Trying" (song), by The Hilltoppers
* Trying (TV series), a 2020 comedy on Apple TV+
* "Trying" (Brooklyn Nine-Nine), an episode of Brooklyn Nine-Nine
# Motorenbau Werk Kassel

During World War II, the Motorenbau Werk Kassel (Engine Construction Factory Kassel – MWK) in Kassel was a branch factory of the Junkers Flugzeug- und Motorenwerke AG Dessau and supplier for strategic military technology among other things the first ready for serial production Turbostrahltriebwerk Jumo 004B (jet engine) of the world. In 1945, when the factory was occupied by the American troops, more than 5000 people worked there. In 1948 the site and buildings were used by AEG, in 1951 AEG purchased the site.

## History

Originally the factory at Lilienthalstraße 150 in Kassel was a site of the Gerätebau GmbH, a subsidiary of the Brother Thiel Seebach. The founding of this subsidiary was part of the contract award from the Oberkommando des Heeres to Thiel on 16 February 1938, as well as the closing of a lease agreement between the property owner, the Verwertungsgesellschaft für Montanindustrie (short Montan), and the Gerätebau GmbH. This approach comply with the Montan-Schema.
51°17′50″N 9°31′23″E﻿ / ﻿51.2971°N 9.5231°E﻿ / 51.2971; 9.5231
# PS Eleanor (1881)

PS Eleanor was a paddle steamer cargo vessel operated by the London and North Western Railway from 1881 to 1902.

## History

She was built by Cammell Laird for the London and North Western Railway in 1881. She was very similar in specification to the paddle steamer Isabella of 1877.
She was put on the Holyhead - Greenore route to replace her namesake Eleanor which had been wrecked earlier in the same year.
# NGC 725

NGC 725 is a spiral galaxy approximately 450 million light-years away from Earth in the constellation of Cetus. It was discovered by Francis Preserved Leavenworth on November 9, 1885 with the 26" refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory.
# Vemavaram

Vemavaram may refer to:
* A. Vemavaram
* Vemavaram, Krishna district, Andhra Pradesh, India
# New English School

New English School may refer to:
* New English School (Jordan)
* New English School (Kuwait)
# John Lau

John Ching Sung Lau (Chinese: 刘钱崧) was the former Chief Executive Officer and President of Husky Energy. Prior to joining Husky, he served in various senior executive roles in Cheung Kong (Holdings) and Hutchison Whampoa Limited group of companies.

## Career

John Lau took over the position as Chief Executive Officer and President of Husky Energy in 2000. He retired from Husky Energy in 2011 and continues to be advisor and consultant to global oil and gas companies.

## Awards

John Lau was a recipient of the Queen’s Golden Jubilee Medal, the Alberta Centennial Award, and the Saskatchewan Centennial Medal. He also received the Distinguished Service Award from the Province of Saskatchewan.
On 26 August 2000, John was named an honorary chief of the Frog Lake First Nation.
# Jené Baclawski

Jené Baclawski is an American soccer manager.

## Playing career

Baclawski played college soccer for the women's team of Queens University of Charlotte in the United States before obtaining a Ph.D. in Sports Studies from the University of Georgia.

## Managerial career

From 2008 to 2014, Baclawski managed Southwestern University before working as an instructor for coach license courses and technical director of the South Texas Youth Soccer Association, where she oversaw the education of coaches and the improvement of playing environments in South Texas.
In 2019, Baclawski was appointed manager of the Saint Kitts and Nevis women's national football team ahead of the teams first Women's Olympic qualifying campaign. She also participated in the United States' Soccer Federation Play-Practice-Play program to teach soccer with play-focused coaching.

## Personal life

Baclwski lives in Austin, United States.
# Michael Weaver

Michael or Mike Weaver may refer to:
* Michael Weaver (golfer) (born 1991), American amateur golfer
* Mike Weaver (boxer) (born 1952), former boxer and WBA heavyweight champion
* Mike Weaver (ice hockey) (born 1978), Canadian ice hockey defenceman
* Mike Weaver (politician), American politician and retired military officer
# Margaret Sandford

Margaret Elizabeth Sandford born Margaret Elizabeth Poole (20 March 1839 – 1903) was an English headmistress and author. She was an anti-suffragist who led The Queen's School, Chester from 1886.

## Life

Sandford was born in Bridgwater in 1839. Her parents were Maria (born Westmacott) and Gabriel Stone Poole who was a solicitor. Her education is not known but by 1867 her writing was published in a magazine and by 1870 she had her first book published which was titled Pictures of Cottage Life in the West of England.
She married Henry Ryder Poole Sandford. Her parents-in-law were Elizabeth Sandford whose books advised women to accept their domestic and secondary role to men and her father-in-law, John Sandford, was the Archdeacon of Coventry. Her new husband was her second cousin, and her sister Ethel Maria Ruscombe Poole married her husband's brother Ernest Grey Sandford.
Her husband died 1883 and she was considered as a candidate to Girton College's mistress but she took the position of assistant mistress at the Girls' Public Day School Company's Sheffield high school. Sandford taught divinity, history, and literature there until 1886 when she became the head of The Queen's School in Chester. She extended the curriculum including languages, mathematics, chemistry, gymnastics, and she introduced a novel approach to art developed by Robert Aplett in Bradford.
Sandford was open to women being involved in the administration of education but she was opposed to women gaining the right to vote. In 1895 she had a public debate with the suffragist leader Millicent Fawcett on the question of women having the vote. She was the head of the school until she died in 1903.
# Memory architecture

Memory architecture describes the methods used to implement electronic computer data storage in a manner that is a combination of the fastest, most reliable, most durable, and least expensive way to store and retrieve information. Depending on the specific application, a compromise of one of these requirements may be necessary in order to improve another requirement. Memory architecture also explains how binary digits are converted into electric signals and then stored in the memory cells. And also the structure of a memory cell.
For example, dynamic memory is commonly used for primary data storage due to its fast access speed. However dynamic memory must be repeatedly refreshed with a surge of current dozens of time per second, or the stored data will decay and be lost. Flash memory allows for long-term storage over a period of years, but it is much slower than dynamic memory, and the static memory storage cells wear out with frequent use.
Similarly, the data bus is often designed to suit specific needs such as serial or parallel data access, and the memory may be designed to provide for parity error detection or even error correction.
The earliest memory architectures are the Harvard architecture, which has two physically separate memories and data paths for program and data, and the Princeton architecture which uses a single memory and data path for both program and data storage.
Most general purpose computers use a hybrid split-cache modified Harvard architecture that appears to an application program to have a pure Princeton architecture machine with gigabytes of virtual memory, but internally (for speed) it operates with an instruction cache physically separate from a data cache, more like the Harvard model.
DSP systems usually have a specialized, high bandwidth memory subsystem; with no support for memory protection or virtual memory management. Many digital signal processors have 3 physically separate memories and datapaths -- program storage, coefficient storage, and data storage. A series of multiply–accumulate operations fetch from all three areas simultaneously to efficiently implement audio filters as convolutions.
# Virai Kaviraja Pandithar

Kaviraja Pandithar of Virai (c. 12th century) was a medieval Tamil scholar. He is known for translating the Saundarya Lahari into Tamil.

## Biography

Kaviraja Pandithar hailed from the village of Virai, now identified with Viravanallur in south Pandiya Naadu, although the evidence does not seem to be definitive. He was well versed in both Tamil and Sanskrit. He translated Adi Shankara's work Saundarya Lahari into Tamil. He titled the book Abhirami Paadal. His other works include Anandha Maalai, Varaahi Maalai, and Kalai Gyana Dheepam.
Kaviraja Pandithar's Jeeva Samadhi (tomb), popularly known as Iyer Samadhi, is in Veera Cholam, 40 kilometers from Vembattur in Sivaganga district.

## Indications from the translation

The translation hints at several historical facts that would have otherwise gone unnoticed. At one point in the translation, Kaviraja Pandithar gives his name as 'Kanalvil vel', suggesting he had the name of Manmatha, which according to scholars would probably be 'Madana Vel'. The work refers to the king as "Rajaraja Mannan", "Varodhaya" and "Mannavar Mannar" and also indicates that Brahmadarayan was his officer. This title for high-ranking Brahmin officers was very popular during the Chola rule. This king is believed to be Vara Rajaraja, who built the Darasuram temple. In his royal pedigree, King Rajaraja mentions one Kaviraja, which indicates that Kaviraja Pandithar was a poet under him. The village Virai is believed to be a contraction of any village named Vira as there were several villages in the Chola empire prefixed with the word "Vira", such as Vira-Cholanallur and Vira-Choalpuram. This points to Kaviraja Pandithar's close connection with the Chola court.
The Tamil Translation also extols the greatness of Yamala tantram in more than two verses.

## Commentary

Saiva Ellappa Navalar, an 18th-century scholar, has written a commentary on Pandithar's translation. The commentary gives each verse and its meaning with its poetic content and embellishments. The commentary became very popular when it was published as early as 1800, the time when printing was introduced in India.
# NGC 7217

NGC 7217 is an unbarred spiral galaxy in the constellation Pegasus.

## Features

NGC 7217 is a gas-poor system whose main features are the presence of several rings of stars concentric to its nucleus: three main ones –the outermost one being of the most prominent and the one that features most of the gas and star formation of this galaxy – plus several others inside the innermost one discovered with the help of the Hubble Space Telescope; a feature that suggests NGC 7217's central regions have suffered several starbursts. There is also a very large and massive spheroid that extends beyond its disk.
Other noteworthy features this galaxy has are the presence of a number of stars rotating in the opposite direction around the galaxy's center to most of them and two distinct stellar populations: one of intermediate age on its innermost regions and a younger, metal-poor version on its outermost ones.
It has been suggested these features were caused by a merger with another galaxy and, in fact, computer simulations show that NGC 7217 could have been a large lenticular galaxy that merged with one or two smaller gas-rich ones of late Hubble type becoming the spiral galaxy we see today; however right now this galaxy is isolated in space, with no nearby major companions. More recent research presents a somewhat different scenario in which NGC 7217's massive bulge and halo would have been formed in a merger and the disk formed later (and is still growing) either accreting gas from the intergalactic medium or smaller gas-rich galaxies, or most likely from a previously existing reserve.
# Microsoft Semblio

Microsoft Semblio is a software development kit for development of rich educational software. Version 1.0 was published by Microsoft on 15 December 2008. Before its launch it was codenamed Grava, to become a set of tools for creating and using educational and training materials.

## Components

The tools were to be built using WPF and consists of the following components:
* Grava SDK: The Grava SDK is built on top of WPF and provides a programming model consistent with it. It also includes a set of services for assessment and logging results.
* Grava Authoring: The Grava authoring tool can be used to create interactive training material using GUI-based authoring. It can be used to create wizard like content or follow non-linear content creation. It integrates with developer tools like Microsoft Visual Studio.
* Grava Player: The Grava player can play back interactive Grava content, and can use the logging and assessment services to track the progress of the trainee.

## Application

The Microsoft Semblio SDK is built on the .NET Framework 3.5, and is intended to provide developers with tools for packaging and distribution of rich interactive learning material, such as e-books containing images, audio, and video. Version 1.0 of the SDK can be freely downloaded from Microsoft.
The SDK is the first of three components that will make up the Semblio Platform. The other two includes an assembly tool and a media player.
The Semblio file format (.semblio) is based on ISO/IEC 29500-2:2008 Open Packaging Conventions.