OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nidumukkala

Nidumukkala is a village in Guntur district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located in Tadikonda mandal of Guntur revenue division. It forms a part of Andhra Pradesh Capital Region.

## Demographics

As per census 2011 Nidumukkala has a population of 4077 of which 2005 are males while 2072 are females. Average Sex Ratio of Nidumukkala village is 1033. Child population is 418 which makes up 10.25% of total population of village with sex ratio 1000. In 2011, literacy rate of Agadallanka village was 63.60% when compared to 67.02% of Andhra Pradesh.

## Government and politics

Lam gram panchayat is the local self-government of the village. It is divided into wards and each ward is represented by a ward member. The ward members are headed by a Sarpanch.
# Cihat

Cihat is a Turkish given name for males. It is the Turkish form of the Arabic name and word Jihad ِ(Arabic: جِهاد jihād). People named Cihat include:

## First name

* Cihat Arman, Turkish football goalkeeper
* Cihat Bilgehan (1923–1981), Turkish jurist and politician
* Cihat Teğin, Turkish fencer
* Cihat Yaycı (born 1966), Turkish military officer

## Middle name

* Hasan Cihat Örter, Turkish guitarist
# Vä

Vä is a former town in Scania, now a village in the municipality of Kristianstad in Sweden, ca 5 km southwest of the town of Kristianstad.

## History

The name stems from the old Danish word væ, meaning "cult place" or "holy ground".
Vä Church is one of the oldest stone churches in Sweden, and contains some of the oldest and most monumental church murals in Sweden.
The first written mentioning of Vä as a town is from the 1250s, but already in the early 13th century, the place is mentioned in the Danish Census Book, by King Valdemar. The town was burnt many times. Most notable are the burnings by Karl Knutsson in 1452, Svante Sture in 1509, in 1569 by the Swedish duke Charles (later king Charles IX).
The most infamous burning of Væ, as well as the last, was done by the Swedish King Gustaf II Adolf in 1612. Væ (as of then) was the largest settlement within 24 Danish parishes which the young Swedish king burned down more or less for his own pleasure and without meeting any resistance whatsoever. For this, there exists an exceptional good source. The king boasted of his crimes against civilian Danes in a letter to a cousin which is stored at the Swedish National Archive.
The destroyed town was two years later replaced by Christianstad by the Danish king Christian IV, which was built in 1614 on the island of Allø, today's Kristianstad. The destroyed Væ lost its privileges as a town and became a substitute for the farmers from nearby villages of Næsby and Nosaby, who had in their turn had to give up land to build Kristianstad, along with the former town of Åhus.
Today, there are some remains of the former church buildings; in addition to the church, there is also an old wall with pillars and a brick cairn that was the old church of Saint Gertrude and remains of old streets.
# USS Freedom

USS Freedom may refer to the following ships operated by the United States Navy:
* USS Freedom (ID-3024), a cargo ship that served during and shortly after World War I
* Freedom (IX-43), a non-commissioned auxiliary schooner that served from 1940 to 1962
* USS Freedom (LCS-1), a littoral combat ship, decommissioned in 2021
# Manjaro, Tanzania

Manjaro is a populated settlement in the Issuna (Isuna) ward of Ikungi District of the Singida Region of Tanzania. It lies approximately 40 miles (64 km) south of the town of Singida and about 80 miles (130 km) north east of the national capital Dodoma.
Manjaro is not the road network but lies approximately 10 miles (16 km) west of the Issuna which lies on the B141 road and has a station on the Singida branch line.
# Jingmingjiayuan station

Jingmingjiayuan station (Chinese: 景明佳园站), is a station of Line S3 of the Nanjing Metro. It started operations on 6 December 2017.
# Wan Guoquan

Wan Guoquan (Chinese: 万国权; March 26, 1919 – March 23, 2017) was a Chinese male politician, who served as the vice chairperson of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.
# Varius ochnicola

Varius ochnicola is the only species in the monotypic moth genus Varius of the family Nepticulidae. The genus was erected by Scoble in 1983. The species was first described by Vari in 1955. It is found in South Africa.
The larvae feed on Ochna pulchra. They probably mine the leaves of their host.
# Modrič, Laško

Modrič (pronounced) is a small settlement on the left bank of the Savinja River in the Municipality of Laško in eastern Slovenia. The railway line from Zidani Most to Celje runs through the settlement. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Savinja Statistical Region.
# Universal Peace Union

The Universal Peace Union was a pacifist organization founded by former members of the American Peace Society in Providence, Rhode Island with the adoption of its constitution on 16 May 1866; it was chartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on 9 April 1888. It ceased operations in 1913, shortly after the death of Alfred H. Love, who served as the organization's president from its founding. Other founders and officers included ministers and reformers Adin Ballou and Walter Walsh, American Red Cross founder Clara Barton, politician and author Belva Ann Lockwood, reformer Lucretia Mott, Nobel Peace Prize winner Frédéric Passy, editor Mary L. F. Ormsby, and politician and educator John Wesley Hoyt. Ella B. Ensor Wilson served as president of the Wilsonton (Kansas) branch of the UPU.
The UPU's motto was: "Remove the causes and abolish the custom of war, establish and live the principles of peace."
On a hill overlooking the Mystic River near Mystic, Connecticut, the UPU owned a grove and built a "Peace Temple" that could seat 1,000 people for annual summer gatherings that attracted such noted speakers as William Lloyd Garrison and Julia Ward Howe. The grove eventually was mortgaged to pay for UPU programs and publications and then sold in 1914 to Mary Jobe Akeley. The property is now maintained as the Peace Sanctuary nature preserve, open daily from dawn to dusk.
Records of the UPU, including correspondence, minutes, financial records, publications, and memorabilia, are housed at the Swarthmore College Peace Collection.

## Notable people

* Adin Ballou
* Clara Barton
* Ida Whipple Benham
* Amanda Deyo
* Maria Freeman Gray
* John Wesley Hoyt
* Belva Ann Lockwood
* Alfred H. Love
* Clemence Sophia Harned Lozier
* Marguerite Moore
* Lucretia Mott
* Mary L. F. Ormsby
* Frédéric Passy
* Ruth Hinshaw Spray
* Walter Walsh
* Zerah C. Whipple
* Anna White
# Cihanşah, Haymana

Cihanşah is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Haymana, Ankara Province, Turkey. Its population is 234 (2022).
# KCL

KCL or KCl may refer to:

## Science and technology

* Potassium chloride (KCl), a metal halide salt
* Keycode lookup, keycode log, or keycode list
* Kirchhoff's current law, in physics
* Kyoto Common Lisp, an implementation of Common Lisp

## Other uses

* King's College London, a public research university in London, UK and a constituent college of the University of London
# John Holman House

The John Holman House is a historic two-story house in Humboldt, Nebraska. It was built with red bricks in 1893 by farmer John Holman. It was designed in the Queen Anne and Châteauesque architectural styles, with a gable roof, dormer windows, and a three-story tower. In the 1940s-1960s, it became a maternity hospital. The house was remodelled as a private residence in the 1970s. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since April 25, 1972.
# 2016 Tajikistan Cup

The 2016 Tajik Cup was the 25th edition of the Tajik Cup. The cup winner qualified for the 2017 AFC Cup.

## Final

| GK | 1 | Nikola Stošić |
| DF | 2 | Siyovush Asrorov |
| DF | 15 | Petro Kovalchuk |
| DF | 19 | Akhtam Nazarov |
| MF | 4 | David Mawutor | 45' |
| MF | 13 | Nozim Babadjanov | 75' |
| MF | 18 | Fatkhullo Fatkhuloev |
| MF | 20 | Amirbek Juraboev | | 110' |
| FW | 9 | Jahongir Aliev | 116' |
| FW | 17 | Dilshod Vasiev |
| FW | 63 | Manuchekhr Dzhalilov |
| Substitutes: ||
| DF | 3 | Tabrezi Davlatmir | | |
| MF | 14 | Faridoon Sharipov | | 110' |
| Manager: ||
| Nikola Lazarevic ||
| GK | 25 | Rustam Rizoev | | 119' |
| DF | 2 | Safarali Karimov |
| DF | 3 | Muso Sodiq |
| DF | 12 | Hasan Rustamov |
| DF | 14 | Oybek Abdugaffor | 72' |
| DF | 26 | Eraj Rajabov |
| MF | 7 | Ibrahim Rabimov |
| MF | 8 | Hayrullo Azizov | 64' |
| MF | 10 | Sayriddin Gafforov | 71' |
| MF | 11 | Khikmatullo Rasulov |
| FW | 17 | Navruz Rustamov | | 120' |
| Substitutes: ||
| GK | 16 | Fathullo Boboev | | 119' |
| FW | 22 | Kamil Saidov | | 120' |
| Manager: ||
# Jingneta

Jingneta is a genus of east Asian leptonetids. It was first described by C. X. Wang, S. Q. Li and Ming-Sheng Zhu in 2020, and it has only been found in China. The type species, Jingneta cornea, was originally described under the name "Leptoneta cornea".

## Species

As of December 2021 it contains nine species:
* J. caoxian Wang & Li, 2020 – China
* J. cornea (Tong & Li, 2008) (type) – China
* J. exilocula (Tong & Li, 2008) – China
* J. foliiformis (Tong & Li, 2008) – China
* J. jingdong Wang & Li, 2020 – China
* J. maculosa (Song & Xu, 1986) – China
* J. setulifera (Tong & Li, 2008) – China
* J. tunxiensis (Song & Xu, 1986) – China
* J. wangae (Tong & Li, 2008) – China
# Asleep Versions

Asleep Versions :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Pitchfork | 7.4/10 |
Asleep Versions is the fourth EP by English musician and producer Jon Hopkins, released on 11 November 2014. It is a reworking of four tracks from his 2013 album, Immunity.
# Variyankaval

Variyankaval is a village in the Andimadam taluk of Ariyalur district, Tamil Nadu, India. It has a government primary school and government higher secondary school. It also has a primary health centre and a bank. Agriculture and weaving are major activities. This village is surrounded by lakes in all directions. There are four old well-planned streets with tiled houses and four newly made streets on the western side and two planned streets on the eastern side of the village. Gangaikonda Cholapuram, a UNESCO heritage site, capital of Chola dynasty is located 15 km east of this village. It is widely believed that this village belongs to Chola Period and is more than 1000 years old. There are unconfirmed reports that ancient burial urns, called Muthumakkal Thazhi, were unearthed in some fields around this village.

## Demographics

As per the 2001 census, Variyankaval had a total population of 4125 with 2063 males and 2062 females.
# Megachile sikkimi

Megachile sikkimi is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Radoszkowski in 1882.
# Josh Blake

Joshua William Blake (born 18 September 1998) is an English cricketer who plays for Surrey County Cricket Club. He is a left handed batsman and wicket-keeper.

## Career

Blake signed his first professional contract with Surrey in 2022 until the end of the 2024 season. He has been coaching at the Surrey Cricket Foundation since 2018 and playing Second XI cricket for Surrey since 2021. Blake played age group cricket with Surrey from under-9s through to under-15s. He has also played for Sutton Cricket Club.
Blake made his senior Surrey and List A debut on 2 August 2022 in the One Day Cup match against Leicestershire at Guildford. Blake made his Twenty20 debut on 20 June 2023 in the T20 Blast match against Glamorgan at The Oval.
On 30 August 2023 Blake signed a new contract with Surrey after a number of impressive performances during the 2023 season.
# Una Voz Para tu Corazón – 30 Grandes Éxitos

Una Voz Para tu Corazón – 30 Grandes Éxitos (English A voice for your heart-30 Greatest Hits) is a compilation album by the Mexican pop singer, Ana Gabriel.

## Track listing
### Cd 1

* Simplemente amigos
* Y aquí estoy
* Es el amor quien llega
* Ay amor
* Destino
* Pensar en ti
* Mar y arena
* No a perdón
* Tú y yo
* Evidencias
* Ven, ven
* Pecado original
* Amor
* Soledad
* Hice bien quererte

### Cd 2

* No te hago falta
* Eres differente
* Amor con desamor
* Cosas del amor
* Que poco hombre
* Ni un roce
* Llena de romance
* En la oscuridad
* Luna
* Poquita fe
* Esta noche
* Quién como tú
* A tu lado
* Lo sé
* Obsesión

## Album charts

| # | Chart | U.S. Peak Position |
| 1. | "Billboard Latin Pop Albums" | #15 |
| 2. | "Top Lat. Albums" | #31 |
* Note: This release reached the #15 position in Billboard Regional Mexican Albums staying for 1 week and it reached the #31 position in the Billboard Top Latin Albums staying for 5 weeks in the chart.
# Mrunalini Kunte

Mrunalini Kunte (born 1973) is an Indian chess player and a Woman International Master.
She is also a winner of the 1996 Indian Chess Championship.

## Personal life

Her brother Abhijit Kunte is also a chess player, and has the grandmaster title.
# John J. Allen (Canadian politician)

John J. Allen (August 2, 1871 – June 7, 1935) was mayor of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, from 1931 to 1933.
He was born in Dungannon in Huron County, Ontario in 1871. In 1900, he came to Ottawa and opened a drug store; eventually, he and his partner, William Cochrane, sold their business to United Drug Stores, later Rexall. Allen and Cochrane later established a brokerage firm. He served as president of the Rotary Club in the city and later served as district governor. During Allen's term as mayor, he initiated repairs of the city sewer system which helped generate employment during the Great Depression.
Allen died of a heart attack in Montreal in 1935 and was buried in the Beechwood Cemetery.
# James Pilkington

James Pilkington may refer to:
* James Pilkington (bishop) (1520–1576), Bishop of Durham
* James Pilkington (politician) (1804–1890), merchant and MP for Blackburn
* James Pilkington (actor), South African actor in the TV series Skeem Saam
# USS Drum

Two submarines of the United States Navy have been named USS Drum, after the fish known as drums.
* USS Drum (SS-228) was a Gato-class submarine, commissioned November 1941 and active throughout World War II.
* USS Drum (SSN-677) was a Sturgeon-class nuclear submarine in service from 1972 to 1995.
# National Security Advisory Council

The National Security Advisory Council was a body of external experts which provided advice to the Cabinet of Canada on matters of national security.

## History

The NSAC was created by the Martin government as part of the output of the 2004 policy document entitled Securing an Open Society: Canada's National Security Policy.
It was cancelled by the Harper government in October 2012.
# Megachile similis

Megachile similis is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Frederick Smith in 1879.
# Michigan Spin Physics Center

The University of Michigan Spin Physics Center focuses on studies of spin effects in high polarized proton-proton elastic and inelastic scattering. These polarized scattering experiments use the world-class solid and jet polarized proton targets, which are developed, upgraded and tested at the center. The Center obtained a record density of about 10$^{12}$ spin-polarized hydrogen atoms per cm$^3$.
The center also led the development of the world's first accelerated polarized beams at the 12 GeV Argonne ZGS (in 1973) and then at the 28 GeV Brookhaven AGS. The Center led pioneering experiments at the IUCF Cooler Ring from 1988 until its 2003 shutdown, which developed and tested Siberian snakes and Spin-flippers, which are now used to accelerate, store and use high energy polarized proton beams.
The center also leads the International SPIN Collaboration and its proton polarization know-how is used in many experiments worldwide.

## Main discoveries

In 1978 the Center found that protons with parallel spins interact much stronger than protons with anti-parallel spin. According to Quantum Chromodynamics the interaction between parallel and anti-parallel spinning proton beams should be the same. Sheldon Glashow called this effect "the thorn in the side of QCD".
This effect remained unexplained until today. In 2005 Stanley Brodsky called it "one of the unsolved mysteries in hadronic physics".
# Jalmenus eubulus

Jalmenus eubulus (common name Pale imperial hairstreak) is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. It is found in the Australian states of New South Wales and Queensland, in the Murray-Darling basin. It was first described in 1876 by William Henry Miskin.
It was formerly considered to be a subspecies of Jalmenus evagoras (Jalmenus evagoras eubulus Miskin, 1876)
In 2021, it was considered likely to be extinct by 2040 with a 42% probability. It is considered a vulnerable species in Queensland, and a critically threatened species in New South Wales.

## Description

Miskin's original description:
   Upperside: pearly white, with slightly opalescent hues. Primaries: With costa, apex and outer margin widely dark brown; small black transverse line at termination of cell. Secondaries: with the veins brown; outer margin narrowly bordered with brown, gradually decreasing to apex; a submarginal line of white from apical to anal angle; second and third median branches terminating in well developed tails; the first median and submedian forming points but not extended; between the two tails a large crescent of orange surmounting black border, and in the angle a patch of orange; between the orange patches black crowned with white, and above all a faint margin of brown.
   Underside: greyish-white. Primaries: with outer edge of Aving dark brown; a marginal band of pale brown or fawn colour; an inner line of faint brown; a transverse interrupted streak of dark brown; three short discal streaks within cell. Secondaries: With edge, band, and transverse streak, as in primaries, the latter being elbowed twice, opposite the tails; a dark speck near base; a short dark streak in cell, one near costa, a longer one at termination of cell; orange spots as on upper side, but rather larger.
   Thorax and abdomen: upperside dark grey; underside light grey.
# Min Chen (biologist)

Min Chen is an Australian plant physiologist. She was born in China and educated in Northeast Normal University China - BSc in 1984 and MSc in 1987 and received her PhD in 2003 from The University of Sydney Australia. She is a full professor and Australian Research Council Future Fellow in the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Sydney. Her research is primarily concerned with elucidating the molecular and biochemical mechanism of the energy-storing reactions in photosynthetic organisms, especially the function of novel photopigments in oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria.

## Research

Her research found that chlorophyll f has an absorption maximum at 706nm in vitro, which suggests that oxygenic photosynthesis can be extended even further into the infrared region, which may open up associated bioenergy applications. Red-shifted chlorophylls could be used extend light capture in crop plants. Chen is the University of Sydney node leader of Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis. The function of Chlorophyll f in photosynthetic reactions is uncertain and the ecological distribution of chlorophyll f remains unknown.

## Awards

In October 2011, Chen was awarded the Science Minister’s Prize for Life Scientist of the Year, for her role in discovering a new form of chlorophyll, called chlorophyll f. In 2013 she was recipient of the Robin Hill Award of the International Society for Photosynthesis Research and in the same year awarded the Peter Goldacre Award by the Australian Society of Plant Scientists.
# Office of Ocean Exploration and Research

The Office of Ocean Exploration Research (OER) is a division of the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). It is run under the auspices of the Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR). The Office facilitates ocean exploration by supporting expeditions, exploration projects, and related field campaigns. The OER mission has four components:
* Mapping the physical, biological, chemical and archaeological aspects of the ocean;
* Understanding ocean dynamics at new levels to describe the complex interactions of the living ocean;
* Developing new sensors and systems to regain U.S. leadership in ocean technology;
* Reaching out to the public to communicate how and why unlocking the secrets of the ocean is well worth the commitment of time and resources, and to benefit current and future generations.
# Moving shock

In fluid dynamics, a moving shock is a shock wave that is travelling through a fluid (often gaseous) medium with a velocity relative to the velocity of the fluid already making up the medium. As such, the normal shock relations require modification to calculate the properties before and after the moving shock. A knowledge of moving shocks is important for studying the phenomena surrounding detonation, among other applications.

## Theory

To derive the theoretical equations for a moving shock, one may start by denoting the region in front of the shock as subscript 1, with the subscript 2 defining the region behind the shock. This is shown in the figure, with the shock wave propagating to the right. The velocity of the gas is denoted by u, pressure by p, and the local speed of sound by a. The speed of the shock wave relative to the gas is W, making the total velocity equal to u$_1$ + W.
Next, suppose a reference frame is then fixed to the shock so it appears stationary as the gas in regions 1 and 2 move with a velocity relative to it. Redefining region 1 as x and region 2 as y leads to the following shock-relative velocities:
    $\ u_{y}=W+u_{1}-u_{2},$
    $\ u_{x}=W.$
With these shock-relative velocities, the properties of the regions before and after the shock can be defined below introducing the temperature as T, the density as ρ, and the Mach number as M:
    $\ p_{1}=p_{x}\quad ;\quad p_{2}=p_{y}\quad ;\quad T_{1}=T_{x}\quad ;\quad T_{2}=T_{y},$
    $\ \rho _{1}=\rho _{x}\quad ;\quad \rho _{2}=\rho _{y}\quad ;\quad a_{1}=a_{x}\quad ;\quad a_{2}=a_{y},$
    $\ M_{x}={\frac {u_{x}}{a_{x}}}={\frac {W}{a_{1}}},$
    $\ M_{y}={\frac {u_{y}}{a_{y}}}={\frac {W+u_{1}-u_{2}}{a_{2}}}.$
Introducing the heat capacity ratio as γ, the speed of sound, density, and pressure ratios can be derived:
    $\ {\frac {a_{2}}{a_{1}}}={\sqrt {1+{\frac {2(\gamma -1)}{(\gamma +1)^{2}}}\left[\gamma M_{x}^{2}-{\frac {1}{M_{x}^{2}}}-(\gamma -1)\right]}},$
    $\ {\frac {\rho _{2}}{\rho _{1}}}={\frac {1}{1-{\frac {2}{\gamma +1}}\left[1-{\frac {1}{M_{x}^{2}}}\right]}},$
    $\ {\frac {p_{2}}{p_{1}}}=1+{\frac {2\gamma }{\gamma +1}}\left[M_{x}^{2}-1\right].$
One must keep in mind that the above equations are for a shock wave moving towards the right. For a shock moving towards the left, the x and y subscripts must be switched and:
    $\ u_{y}=W-u_{1}+u_{2},$
    $\ M_{y}={\frac {W-u_{1}+u_{2}}{a_{2}}}.$
# Venezuela at the 1996 Summer Paralympics

Four male athletes from Venezuela competed at the 1996 Summer Paralympics in Atlanta, United States.