OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Metiamide

Metiamide is a histamine H$_2$ receptor antagonist developed from another H$_2$ antagonist, burimamide. It was an intermediate compound in the development of the successful anti-ulcer drug cimetidine (Tagamet).

## Development of metiamide from burimamide

After discovering that burimamide is largely inactive at physiological pH, due to the presence of its electron-donating side chain, the following steps were undertaken to stabilize burimamide:
* addition of a sulfide group close to the imidazole ring, giving thiaburimamide
* addition of methyl group to the 4-position on the imidazole ring to favor the tautomer of thiaburimamide which binds better to the H$_2$ receptor
These changes increased the bioavailability metiamide so that it is ten times more potent than burimamide in inhibiting histamine-stimulated release of gastric acid. The clinical trials that began in 1973 demonstrated the ability of metiamide to provide symptomatic relief for ulcerous patients by increasing healing rate of peptic ulcers. However, during these trials, an unacceptable number of patients dosed with metiamide developed agranulocytosis (decreased white blood cell count).

## Modification of metiamide to cimetidine

It was determined that the thiourea group was the cause of the agranulocytosis. Therefore, replacement of the thiocarbonyl in the thiourea group was suggested:
* with urea or guanidine resulted in a compound with much less activity (only 5% of the potency of metiamide)
* however, the NH form (the guanidine analog of metiamide) did not show agonistic effects
* to prevent the guanidine group being protonated at physiological pH, electron-withdrawing groups were added
* adding a nitrile or nitro group prevented the guanidine group from being protonated and did not cause agranulocytosis
The nitro and cyano groups are sufficiently electronegative to reduce the pK$_a$ of the neighboring nitrogens to the same acidity of the thiourea group, hence preserving the activity of the drug in a physiological environment.

## Synthesis

Reacting ethyl 2-chloroacetoacetate (1) with 2 molar equivalents of formamide (2) gives 4-carboethoxy-5-methylimidazole (3). Reduction of the carboxylic ester (3) with sodium in liquid ammonia via Birch reduction gives the corresponding alcohol (4). Reaction of that with cysteamine (mercaptoethylamine), as its hydrochloride, leads to intermediate 5. In the strongly acid medium, the amine is completely protonated; this allows the thiol to express its nucleophilicity without competition and the acid also activates the alcoholic function toward displacement. Finally, condensation of the amine with methyl isothiocyanate gives metiamide (6).
# Magrill

Magrill is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* George Magrill (1900–1952), American actor
* Rose Marie Magrill (1924–2016), American model
# 2016 World Wrestling Championships – Men's freestyle 70 kg

The men's freestyle 70 kilograms is a competition featured at the 2016 World Wrestling Championships, and was held in Budapest, Hungary on 11 December.

## Results
### Legend

* F — Won by fall
* R — Retired

### Final

| Final | Final |
| Nurlan Bekzhanov (KAZ) | 4 |
| Magomed Kurbanaliev (RUS) | 8 |

### Top half

| Round of 32 | Round of 32 | Round of 16 | Round of 16 | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals |
| | | Michal Radnóti (SVK) | 19 | | | | |
| | | Jarvis Tarkong (PLW) | 9 | | | | |
| | | | | Michal Radnóti (SVK) | 0 | | |
| | | | | Nobuyoshi Takojima (JPN) | 10 | | |
| | | Nobuyoshi Takojima (JPN) | 10 | | | | |
| | | Mateusz Pisarski (POL) | 0 | | | | |
| | | | | | | Nobuyoshi Takojima (JPN) | 6 |
| Nicolae Cojocaru (ROU) | 2 | | | | | Nurlan Bekzhanov (KAZ) | 10 |
| Johnny Bur (FRA) | 6 | Johnny Bur (FRA) | 1 | | | | |
| Mihail Sava (MDA) | 7 | Mihail Sava (MDA) | 6 | | | | |
| Kubilay Cakici (GER) | 2 | | | Mihail Sava (MDA) | 0 | | |
| Nurlan Bekzhanov (KAZ) | 5 | | | Nurlan Bekzhanov (KAZ) | 7 | | |
| Elaman Dogdurbek Uulu (KGZ) | 1 | Nurlan Bekzhanov (KAZ) | 6 | | | | |
| Zsombor Gulyás (HUN) | 3 | Zsombor Gulyás (HUN) | 2 | | | | |
| Semen Radulov (UKR) | 2 | | | | | | |

### Bottom half

| Round of 32 | Round of 32 | Round of 16 | Round of 16 | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals |
| Magomed Kurbanaliev (RUS) | 12 | | | | | | |
| Aimar Andruse (EST) | 0 | Magomed Kurbanaliev (RUS) | 11 | | | | |
| Grigor Grigoryan (ARM) | 1 | Miroslav Kirov (BUL) | 0 | | | | |
| Miroslav Kirov (BUL) | 2 | | | Magomed Kurbanaliev (RUS) | 8 | | |
| Mostafa Hosseinkhani (IRI) | 9 | | | Mostafa Hosseinkhani (IRI) | 0 | | |
| Amit Kumar Dhankar (IND) | 0$^R$ | Mostafa Hosseinkhani (IRI) | 2 | | | | |
| Azamat Nurykau (BLR) | 2 | Yakup Gör (TUR) | 0 | | | | |
| Yakup Gör (TUR) | 2 | | | | | Magomed Kurbanaliev (RUS) | 4 |
| Rashid Kurbanov (UZB) | 11 | | | | | Rashid Kurbanov (UZB) | 1 |
| Menghejigan (CHN) | 1 | Rashid Kurbanov (UZB) | 3$^F$ | | | | |
| Gamid Dzhalilov (TJK) | 3 | Buyanjavyn Batzorig (MGL) | 2 | | | | |
| Buyanjavyn Batzorig (MGL) | 7 | | | Rashid Kurbanov (UZB) | 3 | | |
| Gitinomagomed Gadzhiyev (AZE) | 1 | | | James Green (USA) | 3 | | |
| James Green (USA) | 12 | James Green (USA) | 4 | | | | |
| Davit Tlashadze (GEO) | 8 | Davit Tlashadze (GEO) | 1 | | | | |
| Kyle Horvath (CAN) | 0 | | | | | | |

### Repechage

| Repechage round 1 | Repechage round 1 | Repechage round 2 | Repechage round 2 | Bronze medals | Bronze medals |
| Elaman Dogdurbek Uulu (KGZ) | 5 | Elaman Dogdurbek Uulu (KGZ) | 8 | Elaman Dogdurbek Uulu (KGZ) | 11 |
| Zsombor Gulyás (HUN) | 4 | Mihail Sava (MDA) | 2 | Nobuyoshi Takojima (JPN) | 0 |
| Aimar Andruse (EST) | 0 | Miroslav Kirov (BUL) | 2 | Mostafa Hosseinkhani (IRI) | 1 |
| Miroslav Kirov (BUL) | 10 | Mostafa Hosseinkhani (IRI) | 4 | Rashid Kurbanov (UZB) | 1 |
# Littleton, Virginia

Littleton is an unincorporated community in Sussex County, Virginia, United States. Littleton is located on Virginia State Route 35 9.7 miles (15.6 km) south-southwest of Waverly.
Little Town was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.
# Matuszczyk

Matuszczyk is a Polish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Adam Matuszczyk (born 1989), Polish footballer
* Sylwia Matuszczyk (born 1992), Polish handball player
# Matthewstown Passage Tomb

Matthewstown Passage Tomb is a passage tomb situated in County Waterford, Ireland.

## Location

The tomb is located 1.6 km (1 mile) north of Fenor. Most of the surrounding countryside is visible, to the Comeragh Mountains.

## History

Matthewstown Passage Tomb dates to 2500–2000 BC. It is locally known as Thomas McCabe's Bed; this may have been the name of a local outlaw who supposedly spent a night here: cf. the many "Diarmuid and Gráinne's Beds"
This is one of a group of small passage tombs in County Waterford with affinities to the tombs in Cornwall and the Scilly Isles, hence the name "Scilly-Tramore group," suggesting that the builders were seafarers from Cornwall.

## Description

Matthewstown Passage Tomb is 4.5 m (fifteen feet) long and about 1.8 m (six feet) wide. There are two rows of five orthostats protruding above the ground to about 1 metre (three-and-a-half feet). This grave was covered by four large stone slabs.
# Matthews v Chicory Marketing Board (Vic)

Matthews v Chicory Marketing Board (Vic), is a High Court of Australia case that considered section 90 of the Australian Constitution, which prohibits States from levying excise (taxes). Although the meaning of excise was considered in Peterswald v Bartley, this case significantly broadened its reach.
In this case, the law in question was a Victorian tax on producers of chicory, which was measured at the rate of one pound per half-acre, of land planted with the crop. The minority in this case, consisting of Latham CJ and McTiernan J, followed the Peterswald definition and held that an excise must have some relation to the quantity or value of the goods.
On the contrary, the majority, whose principal judgment was delivered by Dixon J, allowed this extension. After examining the history of excise in England, his Honour concluded that the definition in Peterswald may be too narrow. All that is required is that the "tax must bear a close relation to the production or manufacture, the sale or the consumption of goods and must be of such a nature as to affect them as the subjects of manufacture or production or as articles of commerce". Hence, although the tax in this case did not directly refer to the quantity or value of the chicory produced, the land area has a "natural, although not a necessary" relation to the quantity produced, and it is a "controlling element". This was formulated with reference to the framers of the Constitution, who adopted an excise as "a tax directly affecting commodities".
# MQP

MQP may refer to:
* Kruger Mpumalanga International Airport, a South African airport
* Mandatory Quote Period, a term used on the London Stock Exchange
* Michael Quinn Patton, a leading evaluation theorist
# Albert Lynn Williams

Albert Lynn Williams (March 17, 1911 – 1982) was an American business executive who was president of IBM from May 1961 until March 1966.
Born in Berwick, Pennsylvania, Williams attended Beckley College and became a Certified Public Accountant. He worked for IBM in sales positions from 1938 until 1942, when he was promoted to a position at IBM corporate headquarters in New York City.
According to the IBM corporate website, Williams was elected IBM Controller in November 1942, IBM Treasurer in 1947, and Vice President and Treasurer in 1948. The IBM Board of Directors elected him a member in July 1951. In 1954, he was elected Executive President and, in May 1961, president of IBM. Williams became a member of the IBM Board's Executive and Finance Committee in 1956.
He chaired the President Commission on International Trade and Investment Policy, appointed by Richard Nixon on 21 May 1970.
# Ishwar Bahadur Rijal

Ishwar Bahadur Rijal is a Nepalese politician, belonging to the CPN (UML) Party. He is currently serving as a member of the 2nd Federal Parliament of Nepal. In the 2022 Nepalese general election he was elected as a proportional representative from the Dalit category.
# Neptune Terrace

Neptune Terrace (Chinese: 樂翠臺) is a Home Ownership Scheme and Private Sector Participation Scheme court in Chai Wan, Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong near Greenwood Terrace and Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital. It was jointly developed by the Hong Kong Housing Authority and New World Development and has a total of three residential blocks built in 1986.

## Houses

| Name | Chinese name | Building type | Completed |
| Block 1 | 第1座 | Private Sector Participation Scheme | 1986 |
| Block 2 | 第2座 | Private Sector Participation Scheme | 1986 |
| Block 3 | 第3座 | Private Sector Participation Scheme | 1986 |

## Politics

Neptune Terrace is located in Lok Hong constituency of the Eastern District Council. It was formerly represented by Tsang Kin-shing, who was elected in the 2019 elections until July 2021.
# Neptune Theatre (Halifax, Nova Scotia)

The Neptune Theatre is the largest professional theatre company in Atlantic Canada with a capacity of 458 and is located in downtown Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. It performs a mixture of new and classical plays.

## History

The theatre is named after the play Théâtre de Neptune, which was performed at Port Royal, Nova Scotia as the first theatrical production in North America.
The Neptune was opened on the site of a former cinema in 1963 during Canada's drive to create regional theatres. Its first Artistic Director was Leon Major, later to become the Artistic Director of Boston Lyric Opera and Cleveland Opera. Its first President of the Board was local surgeon and CBC writer Dr. Arthur L. Murphy. The building was renovated in 1997 and now has two theatres and incorporates a theatre school.

## Artistic directors

* Leon Major (founder, first artistic director, 1963–68)
* Heinar Piller (1969–1970)
* Robert Sherrin (1971–74)
* John Wood (1974–77)
* David Renton (1977–78)
* John Neville (1978–83)
* Tom Kerr (1983–86)
* Richard Ouzounian (1986–89)
* Linda Moore (1990–2000)
* Ron Ulrich (2000–2008)
* George Pothitos (2008–2017)
* Jeremy Webb (2017–present)
# Albert Hill (American football)

Albert Barnett "Buster" Hill (August 12, 1896 – October 13, 1969) was a college football player.

## Early years

Albert Barnett Hill was born on August 12, 1896, in Washington, Georgia, to William Meriwether Hill and Susan Montgomery Stokes. He attended Washington High.

## Georgia Tech

Hill entered the Georgia Institute of Technology in 1913. He was a prominent player for John Heisman's Georgia Tech Golden Tornado football teams. Hill was elected to the Georgia Tech Athletics Hall of Fame in 1966.

### 1917

Hill was the quarterback for Georgia Tech's first national championship team in 1917, which outscored opponents 491 to 17. That year, he received the most carries while leading one of the greatest ever backfields alongside Everett Strupper, Joe Guyon, and Judy Harlan. Hill led the nation in touchdowns. Sometimes simply referred to as the "diminutive quarterback," Hill was selected as a second-team All-American at the end of the 1917 season by Jack Veiock, sports editor of the International News Service (INS). Heisman considered the 1917 team the best one he ever coached, and for many years the team was considered the greatest football team the South ever produced.
# Albania at the 2012 European Athletics Championships

Albania was represented by three athletes at the 2012 European Athletics Championships in Helsinki, Finland.

## Results
### Men
#### Field

| Event | Athletes | Qualification | Qualification | Final | Final |
| Event | Athletes | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Shot put | Adriatik Hoxha | 17.00 | 24 | DNQ | DNQ |
| Hammer throw | Dorian Collaku | 59.92 | 30 | DNQ | DNQ |

### Women
#### Track

| Event | Athletes | Heats | Heats | Final | Final |
| Event | Athletes | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| 1500 m | Luiza Gega | 4:12.54 | 13 | DNQ | DNQ |
# Albert Viau

Albert Viau (6 November 1910 – 27 June 2001) was a Canadian baritone, folksinger, composer, and music educator. After beginning his career as a musician in the classical repertoire, he specialized in folk music and traditional songs. He released about 50 78 rpm records during his career, mostly for La Bonne Chanson. He also recorded a few songs under the pseudonym Jacques Dupont, including Partons, la mer est belle, Le Soir sur l'eau, and Le Lac des amours, and recorded the song Le Rêve passe with the Canadian Grenadier Guards Band for RCA. Many of his recordings include his own compositions. During his lifetime he wrote more than 200 songs, many of them comic patter songs, as well as hymns and two requiem masses.

## Early life and education

Born in Montreal, Viau studied the piano in his youth with Arthur Caron. At the age of 17 he began studying singing seriously. He received his early training privately and only later in life pursued university studies. In 1966 he earned a Bachelor of Music from the Université de Montréal and that same year was awarded a teaching certificate from the Quebec Ministry of Education. His teachers included Victor Brault, Arthur Laurendeau (voice), Conrad Letendre (diction), Georges Mercure (Gregorian chant), Oscar O'Brien, Michel Perrault, and Roland Van de Goor (harmony).

## Career

Viau made his professional opera debut as Mercutio in Charles Gounod's Roméo et Juliette at Loew's Theatre in Montreal in 1931. From 1932 to 1934 he sang in Paul-Émile Corbeil's Imperial Grenadiers. For the Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission he performed in two series in 1934: La Petite Histoire and Le Chanteur de lied. For the latter series he collaborated with pianists Léo-Pol Morin and Jean-Marie Beaudet. He soon after began singing on CBC Radio programs. He notably performed for 21 years on Le Réveil rural and 15 years on Le Quart d'heure de La Bonne Chanson. The majority of his recordings were made from the late 1930s through the 1950s.
Viau began composing his own works in the late 1930s. In 1954 he published Six Chansonnettes pour bambins et bambines and in 1958 Six Chansons enfantines with Éditions Albert Viau. From 1953 to 1954 he worked for CJMS as a radio producer. He served as the choirmaster at St-Sixte Church in Ville St-Laurent, Montreal from 1950 to 1983; also operating a private studio during those years where he taught voice, piano, guitar, and recorder lessons. From 1965 to 1985 he taught music for the Catholic School Commission of Montreal. He continued to give recitals in Canada and the United States and work with vocal groups as a director and arranger until his retirement in 1986.
In 2001 Viau died in Montreal at the age of 90. His archives are currently held by the Société d'histoire de la Haute-Yamaska.
# Albert Viaplana

Albert Viaplana (c. 1933 – 16 May 2014) was a Spanish architect and author. He is known for creating the Centre de Cultura Contemporània de Barcelona (CCCB), the Plaça de Sants and dock Xoan XXIII Avenue of Santiago de Compostela. He won many awards during his career. His career spanned nearly 50 years.
Viaplana died in Barcelona, Spain, aged 81.
# Itaca Records

Itaca Records is a music label established in Málaga (Spain) in 2011 with the aim of covering Spanish bands which do not fit in traditional Spanish music labels. Most of the groups belonging to this label play instrumental rock and related genres such as jazz rock and electronica.
Itaca Records launched the first volume of the Itaca Records Compilations in 2012, which includes tracks by the six bands in the label.
All groups in the label were played in the radio show La Ruleta Rusa, as their #185 programme was devoted to this label in September 2014.
The band from the Basque Country Buffalo joined Itaca Records in December 2016.

## Bands

* Commonplaces (Cádiz)
* Cró! (Vigo)
* GANZ (Madrid)
* Kermit (Málaga)
* Music Komite (Cádiz)
* Proyecto Parada (Málaga)
* Buffalo.
# Tinnie, New Mexico

Tinnie is an unincorporated community located in Lincoln County, New Mexico, United States. The community is located on U.S. Route 70, 22 miles (35 km) east of Ruidoso Downs. Tinnie has a post office with ZIP code 88351.
# Tinnheia torv

Tinnheia torv is a neighbourhood in the city of Kristiansand in Agder county, Norway. It is located in the borough of Grim and in the district of Tinnheia. Tinnheia torv is the "centrum" of the district and it is located west of Kolsåsen, east of Koboltveien, and south of Tinnheia nord. There is an elementary school located there and it mostly consists of apartment buildings.
# Isle of Man Act 1958

The Isle of Man Act 1958 (6 & 7 Eliz. 2. c. 11) restated the Common Purse Agreement between the United Kingdom and the Isle of Man.
It also ended control by the UK Treasury over Manx finances, and granted Tynwald powers to legislate with regard to customs, harbours, loans, mines, the police and the civil service.
The entire Act was repealed and replaced by the Isle of Man Act 1979.
# Tiny (car)

Tiny was a British cyclecar manufactured by Nanson, Barker & Co at Esholt, Yorkshire between 1912 and 1915.
The first car, the 8 hp, produced in 1912 was powered by an air-cooled JAP V-twin engine, three-speed gearbox and chain drive. Unlike many cyclecars a differential was fitted to the rear axle. The two-seater bodywork was in aluminium with a wheelbase of 96 inches (2440 mm) and the range included a van. Springing was half-elliptic springs front and rear and braking was by external bands on the rear wheels. The car cost about £100 and was claimed to be capable of 50 mph (80 km/h). It was exhibited at the 1912 London Motor Cycle show.
In 1913 the engine was replaced by a water-cooled Precision, V twin of 964 cc. There were other improvements including changing the brakes to internal expanding and replacing the chain with shaft drive. The price rose to £135.
Just before the outbreak of war, in mid-1914, came the final Tiny called the 10/15. This one was a proper light car and had a four-cylinder Dorman engine of 1177 cc. It cost £157.
It is uncertain how many Tinys were made but output was small.
After the First World War, the same company produced cars under Airedale brand.
# MCOC

MCOC may refer to:
* Maharashtra Control of Organised Crime Act, a law in India
* Marvel Contest of Champions, a video game for Android and iOS
# M115 (disambiguation)

M115, M1 15 or M-115 may refer to:
* M115 203 mm howitzer, a towed howitzer used by the United States Army
* M115 bomb, a 500-pound anti-crop biological weapon
* M-115 (Michigan highway), a state highway in Michigan
* Mercedes-Benz M115 engine
* M1 15, an electrical tram in Gothenburg, Sweden.
# Itsy Pocket Computer

The Itsy Pocket Computer is a small, low-power, handheld device with a highly flexible interface. It was designed at Digital Equipment Corporation's Western Research Laboratory in Palo Alto to encourage novel user interface development—for example, it had accelerometers to detect movement and orientation as early as 1999.

## Hardware

* CPU: DEC StrongARM SA-1100 processor
* Memory: 16 MB of DRAM, 4 MB of flash memory
* Interfaces: I/O interfaces for audio input/output, IrDA, and an RS232 serial port
** Small 320 x 200 pixel LCD touchscreen for display and user input
** 10 general purpose push-buttons for additional user input purposes
* Power supply: Pair of standard AAA alkaline batteries
# The Hole in the Ground

"The Hole in the Ground" is a comic song written by Myles Rudge and composed by Ted Dicks. When recorded by Bernard Cribbins and released by EMI on the Parlophone label in 1962, it was a number nine hit in the UK Singles Chart. It remains the highest charting and most successful of Cribbins' hit singles, staying on the chart for 13 weeks. The musical accompaniment was directed by Gordon Franks, and the producer was George Martin.
The song is about a dispute between a workman digging a hole and an officious busybody wearing a bowler hat. This exemplifies British class conflict of the era and Cribbins switches between a working class Cockney accent, in which he drops his aitches, and a middle class accent for the gentleman in the bowler hat.
   Don't dig there, dig it elsewhere. You're digging it round and it ought to be square. The shape of it's wrong, it's much too long, And you can't put a hole where a hole don't belong.

## Reception

Noël Coward, who wrote many comic songs himself, chose the record as one of his Desert Island Discs. He said: "I think the only one I would never get sick of is "Hole in the Ground", because I could translate it into French as I walked up and down on the beach."
# Luitfriedia

Luitfriedia is a monospecific genus of solenogasters, shell-less, worm-like, marinemollusks. This genus, and the sole species, Luitfriedia minuta, occurs in Galicia, Spain.
The genus was named in honor of the malacologist Luitfried von Salvini-Plawen.

## Description

This solenogaster bears a range of differently-shaped spicules. It lacks a radula, and bears ten to twelve "respiratory folds".
# No More Rules

No More Rules is Mika Nakashima's second compilation Japanese album and her tenth album overall. The album is composed of Kanebo Kate Cosmetics Tie-up songs. It includes a new song, GAME, which was used as the tie-up song for the Kanebo Kate Cosmetics Commercial entitled 'Stolen Jewel.'
This album, which includes jazz and rock-oriented songs, was limited to 50,000 copies in Japan (selling 55,938 copies), and is a Blu-Spec CD with a bonus DVD. The album is also currently available in Hong Kong as a CD+DVD, and was #1 on the Taiwan Album Chart.

## Charts and sales
### Oricon sales charts (Japan)

| Release | Chart | Peak position | First week sales | Sales total |
| March 4, 2009 | Oricon Daily Albums Chart | 3 | | |
| March 4, 2009 | Oricon Weekly Albums Chart | 5 | 46,673 | 55,918 |
* This article about a Japanese album is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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