OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# EGX 30

EGX 30, previously named CASE 30 Index, is a stock market index for securities in Egypt, designed and calculated by EGX. EGX started disseminating its index on 2 February 2003 via data vendors, its publications, web site, newspapers etc. The start date of the index was on 2/1/1998 with a base value of 1000 points. EGX 30 index value is calculated in local currency terms and denominated in US dollars since 1998. EGX started publishing its dollar denominated index on 1 March 2009. EGX 30 index includes the top 30 companies in terms of liquidity and activity. EGX 30 Index is weighted by market capitalization and adjusted by the free float. Adjusted Market capitalization of a listed company is the number of its listed shares multiplied by the closing price of that company multiplied by the percent of freely floated shares. For a company to be included in EGX 30 index, it must have at least 15% free float. This ensures market participants that the index constituents truly represent actively traded companies and that the index is a good and reputable barometer for the Egyptian market.

## Annual Returns

The following table shows the annual development of the EGX 30 since 1996.
| Year | Year end value | Change in index in points | Change in index in % |
| 1996 | 861.33 | | |
| 1997 | 999.68 | 138.35 | 16.06 |
| 1998 | 660.10 | −339.58 | −33.97 |
| 1999 | 1,139.82 | 479.72 | 72.67 |
| 2000 | 715.74 | −424.08 | −37.21 |
| 2001 | 490.05 | −225.69 | −31.53 |
| 2002 | 492.85 | 2.80 | 0.57 |
| 2003 | 1,155.51 | 662.66 | 134.45 |
| 2004 | 2,567.99 | 1,412.48 | 122.24 |
| 2005 | 6,324.70 | 3,756.71 | 146.29 |
| 2006 | 6,973.41 | 648.71 | 10.26 |
| 2007 | 10,549.74 | 3,576.33 | 51.29 |
| 2008 | 4,596.49 | −5,953.25 | −56.43 |
| 2009 | 6,208-77 | 1,612.28 | 35.08 |
| 2010 | 7,142.14 | 933.37 | 15.03 |
| 2011 | 3,622.35 | −3,519.79 | −49.28 |
| 2012 | 5,462.42 | 1,840.07 | 50.80 |
| 2013 | 6,782.84 | 1,320.42 | 24.17 |
| 2014 | 8,926.58 | 2,143.74 | 31.61 |
| 2015 | 7,089.06 | −1,837.52 | −20.58 |
| 2016 | 12,344.89 | 5,338.88 | 76.20 |
| 2017 | 15,019.14 | 2,674.25 | 21.66 |
| 2018 | 13,035.77 | −1,983.37 | −13.21 |
| 2019 | 13,961.56 | 925.79 | 7.10 |
| 2020 | 10,845.26 | −3,116.30 | −28.73 |
| 2021 | 11,949.18 | 1103.92 | 10.18 |
| 2022 | 14,598.53 | 2,649.35 | 22.17 |
| 2023 | 24,832.71 | 10,234.18 | 70.10 |
# Asia Regional Organic Standard

Asia Regional Organic Standard (AROS) is a common regional standard for organic production in East, South-East and South Asia. AROS results from a process intended to harmonize existing organic standards in that region and to promote new ones. It was launched by the Global Organic Market Access (GOMA) project, sponsored by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM), and United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD).

## History

In 2002 FAO, IFOAM and UNCTAD began a partnership to promote trade in organic produce by harmonizing the many different organic standards and technical regulations. The partnership created the International Task Force on Harmonization and Equivalence in Organic Agriculture (ITF), which in 2008 issued a set of recommendations to facilitate organic trade. ITF also produced two practical tools to aid in assessing equivalence: the Guide for Assessing Equivalence of Organic Standards and Technical Regulations (EquiTool), concerned with standards for organic production and processing; and the International Requirements for Organic Certification Bodies (IROCB), concerned with criteria for good practice in organic certification bodies.
In 2009 the three partner organizations set up the Global Organic Market Access (GOMA) project, to follow up on the work of the ITF. GOMA’s work up to 2012 included setting up regional initiatives for harmonization and trade, including one for East, South-East and South Asia. GOMA organized a Working Group for Cooperation on Organic Labeling and Trade for Asia, which initiated the Asia Regional Organic Standard (AROS) and developed it through a public-private partnership of stakeholders.
A subgroup of the Working Group, known as the Asia Organic Standards Drafting Group, coordinated development of the Standard. The Working Group approved the final draft at its meeting in Nuremberg, Germany in February 2012.
A task force from ASEAN countries in 2013 agreed to use AROS as a working document to develop an ‘ASEAN Standard for Organic Agriculture’ (ASOA), to work towards equivalence among the five out of 10 member states that had by then established national organic standards, as well as for adoption by the remaining countries. ASOA was finally adopted in late 2014, and incorporates most of the content of AROS.

## The AROS standard

The standard states general requirements under the headings of:
* General Requirements for Organic Production and Processing
* Crop Production Management Systems
* Processing and Handling
* Labeling
The standard does not cover procedures for verification, such as inspection or certification of products.
Major sources for the standards include:
* IFOAM Basic Standards for Organic Production and Processing. Version 2005;
* CAC/GL 32, Codex Alimentarius – Guidelines for the production, processing, labelling, and marketing of organically produced foods;
* EquiTool Annex 2 – Common Objectives and Requirements for Organic Standards (COROS), 2012.
# Martin Correctional Institution

Martin Correctional Institution is a state prison for adult men located in Indiantown, Martin County, Florida, operated by the Florida Department of Corrections.
Martin Correctional Institution opened in 1985 and has a maximum capacity of 1,509 prisoners. The facility has a mix of security levels, including minimum, medium, close, and community.
In 2019 prisoner Scott Whitney released some clandestine film he took of the facility.

## Notable Inmates

* Michael Boatwright - Sentenced to two consecutive life sentences without the possibility of parole, plus another consecutive 30 years in prison for the murder of XXXTentacion on June 18, 2018.
# Niphanda

Niphanda is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae and only member of the Niphandini tribe. The members (species) of this genus are found in the Indomalayan realm and the Palearctic realm. The genus was erected by Frederic Moore in 1875.

## Species

* Niphanda asialis (de Nicéville, 1895) India to Peninsular Malaya, South Yunnan, Sumatra, Java
* Niphanda cymbia de Nicéville, [1884]
* Niphanda fusca (Bremer & Grey, 1853) Amur, Ussuri, Transbaikalia, NorthEast China, Japan
* Niphanda stubbsi Howarth, 1956 Peninsular Malaya.
* Niphanda tessellata Moore, [1875] Burma, Thailand, Malay Peninsula, Sundaland, Philippines
* Niphanda anthenoides Okubo, 2007 Philippines (Mindanao)
# Orosmán Moratorio

Orosmán Moratorio (1852–1898) was an Uruguayan poet and writer.
Moratorio was one of several Uruguayan authors who flourished in Buenos Aires during the period of realism in rioplatense theater at the turn of the 20th century, others being Ismael Cortinas (1884–1940), Edmundo Bianchi (1880–1965) and Otto Miguel Cione (1875–1945). A member of the Gaucho literature movement, in 1895 he helped Alcides de María establish "El Fogón", one of the most important regional literary magazines of their time. Several referents of the gauchesco style collaborated, among others: Elías Regules, Antonio Lussich, José Alonso y Trelles, Javier de Viana, Juan Escayola, Martiniano Leguizamón and Domingo Lombardi. Soon afterwards he established another similar magazine, "El Ombú", a short-lived experiment in 1896.

## Literary work

* Luisa, or, Village bells: one-act comedy written expressly for Talia DN Society (1878)
* Mary (1881)
* Patria and love (1885)
* Juan Soldao (1894)
* Great Expectations (1895)
# Mărgăritești

Mărgăritești is a commune in Buzău County, Muntenia, Romania. It is composed of three villages: Câmpulungeanca, Fântânele and Mărgăritești.
# John Abernethy (bishop)

John Abernethy (c.1570–1639) was a Scottish clergyman who served as Protestant Bishop of Caithness.

## Life

Abernethy was born around 1570, the son of Jean Straiton and her husband Thomas Abernethy of Glencorse south of Edinburgh. He was one of the first group of students at the University of Edinburgh under Principal Robert Rollock and graduated MA in 1587.
In 1588 he was made "reader" of Jedburgh church (housed in Jedburgh Abbey and became minister in 1593. In 1606 he opposed Episcopacy and became Constant Moderator of the Presbytery of Jedburgh. Despite this, in December 1616, through the influence of James Law, Archbishop of Glasgow, he was appointed Bishop of Caithness. This title was largely nominal, and he continued his parochial duties in Jedburgh. This promotion was preceded by the award of Doctor of Divinity from the University of Edinburgh and appointment to the Court of the High Commission. He was deprived of his position as Bishop in 1638 and was replaced by Robert Hamilton.
From 1635 to 1639 he seems to have been in dispute with his successor in Jedburgh, John Burnett, who claimed his post, despite it not being vacant. Abernethy died on 24 April 1639. He is buried in Jedburgh.

## Family

Abernethy married twice, first in 1600 to Alice Home daughter of Sir David Home of Fishwick, Governor of Dumbarton Castle. Their children included:
* John Abernethy
* Andrew Abernethy, Depute Governor of Edinburgh Castle
* Margaret, married Wauchope of Cakemuir then Sir William Maxwell of Gribton
In 1606 he married Isabella Murray daughter of Patrick Murray of Philiphaugh. Their children included:
* William Abernethy, minister of Thurso
* Anna, married James Murray of Overtoun
* Agnes, married William Ker of Newtown
* Barbara, married John Rutherford of Edgerston
* Elizabeth, married William Ker of Thankles
* Katherine

## Publications

* A Christian and Heavenly Treatise containing Physicke for the Soul
* The Duty and Dignity of a Christian
# Pattern Recognition in Physics

Pattern Recognition in Physics was an open-access journal originally published by Copernicus Publications which was established in March 2013 and terminated in January 2014. The editors-in-chief were Sid-Ali Ouadfeul (Algerian Petroleum Institute) and Nils-Axel Mörner. Copernicus ceased its publication due to concerns over the publication's method of peer review, which it calls "nepotistic reviewing and malpractice" facilitating views contradicting the scientific consensus on climate change.

## History

Copernicus agreed to publish the journal because the editors claimed that its aim would be "to publish articles about patterns recognized in the full spectrum of physical disciplines rather than to focus on climate-research-related topics." Concerns regarding the journal's peer-review process were first raised in July 2013 by Jeffrey Beall, an American librarian and critic of predatory open access publishing. Beall wrote on his blog that Mörner did not appear to be a specialist in pattern recognition and that Ouadfeul's research had "only been cited a couple times." He also noted that two of the journal's first five articles were authored by Ouadfeul himself, and concluded that "This is not a good start for a journal, and the publisher ought to be concerned and take action."
After a special issue of the journal was published in December 2013, which contained a paper in which the authors said they "doubt the continued, even accelerated, warming as claimed by the IPCC project," Copernicus managing director Martin Rasmussen expressed concern regarding this journal. He also said that "the editors selected the referees on a nepotistic basis, which we regard as malpractice in scientific publishing." On January 17, 2014, Copernicus Publications announced that they were terminating the journal, citing both the statement that questioned the IPCC's prediction of continued global warming and the "nepotistic" appointing of similarly-minded scientists to the journal's editorial board.
# Victor Mallet

Sir Victor Mallet GCMG CVO (9 April 1893 – 18 May 1969) was a British diplomat and author.

## Career

Victor Alexander Louis Mallet was educated at Winchester College and Balliol College, Oxford. In 1914 he joined the Cambridgeshire Regiment and served during World War I with the British Expeditionary Force and later in Ireland, reaching the rank of Captain. He joined the Diplomatic Service in 1919 and held posts in Tehran 1919–22 and 1933–35, Buenos Aires 1926–28, Brussels 1929–32, Washington D.C. 1936–39 and in the Foreign Office 1922–26 and 1932. He was Envoy to Sweden 1940–45 during World War II and Ambassador to Spain 1945–46 and to Italy 1947–53.

## Family

Victor Mallet was son of Sir Bernard Mallet and his wife Marie, daughter of Henry John Adeane by his wife, Lady Elizabeth Yorke, daughter of the 4th Earl of Hardwicke. His mother was a Maid of Honour to Queen Victoria and he was godson to the Queen. His book Life with Queen Victoria, a record of his mother's letters written during her service, was published in 1968.
He married Christiana Jean Andreae, daughter of Herman Anton Andreae, of Moundsmere Manor, in Hampshire, and his wife, Christiana Candida (née Ahrens) in 1925; they had three sons and a daughter, Anne Marie, who married Patrick Butler, 18th/28th Baron Dunboyne in 1950.

## Publications

* Life with Queen Victoria: Marie Mallet's Letters from Court, 1887-1901 (editor), John Murray, London, 1968. ISBN 0719517834

## Honours

Victor Mallet was appointed CMG in the New Year Honours of 1934 and CVO in 1939. He was knighted KCMG in the New Year Honours of 1944 and raised to GCMG in the Queen's Birthday Honours of 1952.
Ancestors of Victor Mallet :
# Jim Liddell

Jim Liddell was an English-Scottish footballer who played in the Hong Kong First Division League for Hong Kong Rangers FC as a goalkeeper between 1973 and 1976.
# Mudunuru

Mudunuru is a village in Krishna district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located in Vuyyuru mandal of Nuzvid revenue division.

## Demographics

As of 2011 census, Mudunuru had a population of 3,859. The total population constitute, 1,903 males and 1,956 females —a sex ratio of 1028 females per 1000 males. 313 children are in the age group of 0–6 years, of which 174 are boys and 139 are girls. The average literacy rate stands at 72.67% with 2,577 literates, higher than the state average of 67.41%.

## Culture

The Indian Independence activist Anne Anjaiah (1905–1975) was born in this village.
# Oroya borchersii

Oroya borchersii is a species of cacti (family Cactaceae), originating from Peru

## Description

Oroya borchersii grows individually or forms groups with shoots that reach heights of 12 to 32 cm (4.7 to 12.6 in) with diameters of 15 to 22 cm (5.9 to 8.7 in). There are 12 to 30 ribs. The brown areoles are elongated. The yellowish to reddish brown, 2 to 2.5 cm (0.79 to 0.98 in) long spines are difficult to distinguish between central and peripheral spines. There are 1 to 3 central spines and 25 to 30 thin, needle-like to bristle-like, comb-shaped radial spines.
The yellow to greenish yellow flowers are up to 2 cm (0.79 in) long and reach a diameter of 1.5 cm (0.59 in). The club-shaped fruits are yellow-green and up to 2.5 cm (0.98 in) long.
* Flowers closeup in habitat
* Plant growing in Tucson Botanical Gardens, Tucson, Arizona

## Distribution

Oroya borchersii is widespread in the Ancash region of Peru in the Cordillera Blanca and the Cordillera Negra at altitudes of 3900 to 4300 meters.
* Plants growing in habitat in Ancash

## Taxonomy

The first description as Echinocactus borchersii was published in 1933 by Friedrich Bödeker. Curt Backeberg placed the species in the genus Oroya in 1958.
# Mărgăuța

The Mărgăuța is a right tributary of the river Săcuieu in Romania. It flows into the Săcuieu near Scrind-Frăsinet. Its length is 12 km (7.5 mi) and its basin size is 33 km$^2$ (13 sq mi).
# On the Track (short story collection)

On the Track (1900) is a collection of short stories by Australian poet and author Henry Lawson. It was released in hardback by Angus and Robertson in 1900, and features one of the author's better known stories in "Bill, the Ventriloquial Rooster", as well as a number of lesser known works.
The collection contains nineteen stories which are mostly reprinted from a variety of newspaper and magazine sources, with several published here for the first time.

## Contents

* "The Songs They Used To Sing"
* "A Vision of Sandy Blight"
* "Andy Page's Rival"
* "The Iron-Bark Chip"
* "Middleton's Peter"
* "The Mystery of Dave Regan"
* "Mitchell on Matrimony"
* "Mitchell on Women"
* "No Place for a Woman"
* "Mitchell's Jobs"
* "Bill, the Ventriloquial Rooster"
* "Bush Cats"
* "Meeting Old Mates"
* "Two Larrikins"
* "Mr Smellingscheck"
* "A Rough Shed"
* "Payable Gold"
* "An Oversight of Steelman's"
* "How Steelman Told His Story"

## Critical reception

A reviewer in The Freeman's Journal (Sydney) noted that the collection is "a very representative collection of Henry Lawson's inimitable bush sketches. Many of these have appeared from time to time in various Australian journals, including the Freeman, but the collection will not suffer in popular estimation on that account, for it makes up a very interesting volume of Lawson at his best."
In The Evening News (Sydney) the reviewer was not so impressed: "The stories are written with all Lawson's well-known descriptive power, and one regrets that the author does not occasionally give us some different phase of bush life to the sordid side that, he is so fond of. The unlovely swaggie is not even picturesque, and he is decidedly wearisome. Lawson might, now and then strike a higher note and relieve us from the ever-haunting presence of Bill and Jim with their swags and 'nosebags.' It seems strange that one who can so well appreciate the poetry of the bush in verse persistently ignores it in prose."
# Patrick J. Couper

Patrick J. Couper (born 1958) is a herpetologist in Queensland, Australia. Born in New Zealand, he migrated to Australia in 1981. Couper began his career at the Queensland Museum in 1984. He was initially employed in display construction, and became a research assistant in herpetology in 1986 under the direction and mentorship of the admired senior curator and head of Vertebrate Zoology, Jeanette Covacevich. Since 1993 he has been Curator of Reptiles and Amphibians at the Queensland Museum. A major research focus has been leaf-tailed geckos that inhabit rainforest and rock habitats in eastern Queensland and New South Wales.
A species of lizard, Lampropholis couperi, is named in honour of Patrick J. Couper.
# Claude Pinart

Claude Pinart, seigneur de Comblisy and Crambailles (died 15 September 1605 in the Château de Cremailles) was a Secretary of State under the French king Henry III, from 13 September 1570 until ordered to retire on 8 September 1588. He was also baron of Cremailles and Malines and the first baron of Valois.

## Biography

He was the son of François, seigneur de Molines. He married Marie de L'Aubespine (d. 5 June 1591), daughter of Gilles de l'Aubespine, and cousin of Claude II de l’Aubespine on 13 February 1583. They had a son Henri Claude Pinart, Marquis de Louvois, Vicomte de Comblizy, and a daughter Madeleine (d. 6 April 1654 in Paris), who married Charles de Prunelé, Baron d'Esneval in 1583.
He was close to Catherine de' Medici, and accompanied her in 1578 and 1579.
In 1575, he visited Sweden for the negotiations of a possible marriage between Henry III and Princess Elizabeth of Sweden. He visited England as part of an embassy to Elizabeth I in April 1581.
He was succeeded by Louis de Revol in 1588 and, after he became retired, he was installed as military governor along with a family from Château-Thierry.
# Jim Sinclair (politician)

Jim Sinclair (June 3, 1933 – November 9, 2012) was a Non-Status Indian leader from Punnichy, Saskatchewan, Canada. Despite his Non-Status, rather than Métis, background, for many years he was one of the pre-eminent Métis leaders in Canada. Jim served as president of the Métis Society of Saskatchewan, and the Association of Métis and Non-Status Indians of Saskatchewan (AMNSIS), forerunners of the contemporary Métis Nation - Saskatchewan.
He had a difficult youth as a road allowance person, and struggled with alcohol addiction. After beating his addiction Jim worked extensively at community level organization among his people, to get them to sober up, take responsibility for their lives, and to lead others in the struggle for their rights. He learned to become an expert at using the media, at using confrontation politics to force government to deal with peoples' immediate needs and rights. He focused on issues such as housing, institutional racism, Aboriginal land rights, hunting, fishing, and trapping rights, and education. He was part of the team who helped to establish a major network of alcohol treatment centers, along with the Gabriel Dumont Institute of Métis Studies and Applied Research.
In 1987, during the Canadian constitutional talks that led to the Meech Lake Accord, Sinclair took a strong stance against Premiers Grant Devine of Saskatchewan and Bill Vander Zalm of British Columbia for what he saw as their antagonism to Métis rights. From 1994 to 1996, Mr. Sinclair led the national Congress of Aboriginal Peoples. From 1996 up until his death he was President of the Congress of Aboriginal Peoples of Saskatchewan.
Sinclair was awarded the Order of the Métis Nation in 2004 for a lifetime of service to the Aboriginal community. On October 25, 2012, he was honoured at the Saskatchewan Indian Nation Assembly.
Sinclair died on November 9, 2012, at the age of 79 after battling cancer.
# Vaughan, Texas

Vaughan is an unincorporated community in southern Hill County in Central Texas, United States. The community is located approximately eight miles south of Hillsboro, at the intersection of Farm Roads 1947 and 310, and roughly half a mile from Aquilla Lake.

## History

The first Anglo settlement, named Willow, was located two miles to the east. The community included a church and a school. Vaughan was likely named after a local resident in the 1880s, Dr. B. H. Vaughan. A post office was established in 1885, and a population of twenty-five was recorded in 1890. The community also featured a general store, a wagonmaker and a physician at this time. A cotton gin was constructed in 1898 and a Baptist Church was built circa 1900. A Methodist church was also founded around this time. By 1915, the Vaughan and Willow schools had been consolidated. By the 1930s, the population was fifty. The population remained steady until the 1960s. A tornado killed seven people in Vaughan in 1959, with a number of buildings, including its churches, being destroyed.
By the 1970s, the population had increased to seventy; however, by the 1980s, the Baptist church was the only institution still in operation. In 2010, the population was seventy-five.
# East Twin Swallet

East Twin Swallet also known as Upper Twin Swallet is a karst cave in Burrington Combe on the Mendip Hills in Somerset, England.
The cave is not very stable. The floor is strewn with boulders under which the stream normally flows. The wall sandroof, especially in the upstream portion of the Second Chamber, consist of boulders cemented together with red mud. In the stream passage the mud contains many fossils, mainly crinoids and brachiopods, dissolved out of their limestone matrix. This is a common phenomenon in the caves of the area.