OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Megarhyssa atrata

Megarhyssa atrata, also known as the black giant ichneumonid wasp, is a species of large ichneumon wasp. It is known from North America, where it is found from Quebec, Michigan, Ohio and North and South Carolina to Florida.
Adults are on wing from May to July.

## Behavior

The larvae are parasitoids of the larvae of the woodwasp Tremex columba in dead deciduous trees.
Female M. atrata burrow into wood with their ovipositor while secreting a substance that breaks down the wood.
# McCook Generals

The McCook Generals were a Nebraska State League baseball team based in McCook, Nebraska, United States that existed from 1928 to 1932. They were league champions in their first three years of existence, from 1929 to 1931. All league championships came while Doc Bennett was manager. The Generals were succeeded in McCook by the McCook Braves in 1956 and preceded by the McCook team of the 1903 Central Nebraska League.

## Timeline

| Year(s) | # Yrs. | Team | Level | League |
| 1903 | 1 | McCook | Independent | Central Nebraska League |
| 1928–1932 | 5 | McCook Generals | Class D | Nebraska State League |
| 1956–1959 | 4 | McCook Braves | Class D | Nebraska State League |
# Alice Lang

Alice Lang (born 18 March 1983) is an Australian contemporary artist. She works and lives in Los Angeles, CA. Lang has mounted many solo exhibitions of her work, and participated extensively in group exhibitions. She has held residencies in Canada, New York, and Los Angeles.
Lang's work is often feminist in nature, utilising mixed media. Lang often creates sculptural forms involving the female body that are surreal and organic in appearance.

## Early life and education

Lang grew up in Byron Bay, New South Wales. In 2004 she gained a Bachelor of Fine Arts with First Class Honours from Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, specializing in visual arts. Lang graduated with an MFA from CalArts in 2015.

## Career

Lang's work was included in the Institute of Modern Art’s 2004 Brisbane exhibition of recent art school graduates.
In 2007 her art was included in the "Topsy" exhibition at the Metro Arts Gallery. Her "soft sculptures" were part of the 2008 show Together Forever at the Broadway Gallery in New York.
In 2010, Lang co-founded LEVEL, an artist-run initiative and feminist collective in Brisbane Australia with artists Courtney Coombs, and Rachel Haynes.
In 2013, Lang was a finalist for the churchie national emerging art prize. Her work Boxcopy Slide Night was on exhibit at the Metro Arts Gallery.
In 2016 Lang's work was included in an exhibition at the Melbourne International Comedy Festival. She also contributed works to the Fragmented Gaze exhibit at the Los Angeles Tiger Strikes Asteroid Gallery.

## Grants and awards

Lang has been the recipient of many grants and awards including the Queensland Art Gallery Melville Haysom Scholarship (2009), the Australia Council Emerging Artist New Work Grant (2012), the Lord Mayor's Young and Emerging Artist Fellowship (2012) and the Freedman Foundation Traveling Scholarship for Emerging Artists (2013).

## Exhibitions
### Selected solo exhibitions

* 2021 Cool story bro, Louise Alexander Gallery/AF Projects, Los Angeles, CA, USA
* 2016 BLOWBACK, Karen Woodbury Gallery, Melbourne, AUS
* 2015 AIRHEADS, CalArts, Los Angeles, CA, USA
* 2013 Womp Womp Womp Womp, CalArts, Los Angeles, CA, USA
* 2013 OM NOM NOM NOM, Boxcopy, Brisbane, QLD, AUS
* 2013 Forget I Said Anything, RAID Projects studio space, Los Angeles, CA, USA
* 2012 Teetering at the Edge of Rock Bottom, InFlight ARI, Hobart, TAS, AUS
* 2011 Multiple Visions, Grantpirrie window space, Redfern, Sydney, NSW, AUS
* 2010 Just in Case, Museum of Brisbane, Brisbane, QLD, AUS
* 2010 Crossing Over, Firstdraft, Surrey Hills, Sydney, NSW, AUS

### Selected group exhibitions

* 2017 Let's Talk About Art, Artbank, Sydney, NSW, AUS
* 2017 Close Enough, Caloundra Regional Gallery, Caloundra, QLD, AUS
* 2016 Domestic Observations, JACE Space, Los Angeles, CA, USA
* 2016 The Wicked Tongue, Charlie James Gallery, Los Angeles, CA, USA
* 2016 Unfolding/Folding, KINGS, Melbourne, AUS
* 2016 Spring 1883, Karen Woodbury Gallery, Melbourne, AUS
* 2016 2017, Art Centre, Pasadena, CA, USA
* 2016 Is This Thing On?, Counihan Gallery in Brunswick, Melbourne, AUS
# Malast

Malast is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Kevin Malast (born 1986), American football player
* Mike Malast (born 1983), American sports agent
# Meckelbach

Meckelbach is a river of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It flows into the Münstersche Aa southwest of Münster.
# Allacta australiensis

Allacta australiensis is a species from the genus Allacta.
# Toshishita no Otokonoko (album)

Toshishita no Otokonoko (年下の男の子, lit. A Younger Boy) is the fourth studio album by Japanese idol trio Candies, released through CBS Sony on April 21, 1975. It contains the single "Toshishita no Otokonoko" and an early version of the trio's 1976 single "Haru Ichiban".

## Track listing

All music is composed and arranged by Yūsuke Hoguchi, except where indicated.
# Megachile lentifera

Megachile lentifera is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Vachal in 1909.
# Megachile leucografa

Megachile leucografa is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Friese in 1908.
# Jaga Hatare Pagha

Jaga Hatare Pagha is a 2015 Odia romance action family drama film produced by Tarang Cine Productions. It stars Anubhav Mohanty and Elina Samantray in lead roles. The film is directed by Murali Krishna. It is a remake of Marathi film Lai Bhaari. The Kannada song "Life is Awesome" from the movie Male was reused in this movie as "Tarikiti Tarijham".

## Cast

* Anubhav Mohanty
* Elina Samantray
* Mahasweta Ray
* Ajit Das
* Buddhaditya Mohanty
* Jhilik Bhattacharjee

## Box office

Jaga Hatare Pagha was released during Dussehra 2015 to positive reviews. In its first day the film grossed ₹10.50 lakh (US$13,000), second day it grossed ₹5.25 lakh (US$6,300) and third day it collect ₹7 lakh (US$8,400) at the box office.
# Nidularium scheremetiewii

Nidularium scheremetiewii is a species of bromeliad in the genus Nidularium.
This species is endemic to the Atlantic Forest ecoregion only within Rio de Janeiro state, in southeastern Brazil.
# Jalmenus

Jalmenus is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae.The genus is endemic to Australia.

## Species

* Jalmenus aridus Graham & Moulds, 1988 - inland hairstreak
* Jalmenus clementi Druce, 1902 - turquoise hairstreak
* Jalmenus daemeli Semper, 1879 - Dämel's blue, emerald hairstreak
* Jalmenus eichhorni Staudinger, 1888 - northern hairstreak, northern imperial blue
* Jalmenus eubulus Miskin, 1876
* Jalmenus evagoras (Donovan, 1805) - common imperial blue, imperial hairstreak
* Jalmenus icilius Hewitson, 1865 - amethyst hairstreak, Icilius blue
* Jalmenus ictinus Hewitson, 1865 - Ictinus blue, stencilled hairstreak
* Jalmenus inous Hewitson, 1865 - Inous blue, varied hairstreak
* Jalmenus lithochroa Waterhouse, 1903 - lithochroa blue, Waterhouse's hairstreak
* Jalmenus pseudictinus Kerr & Macqueen, 1967
# Jakub Kobylański

Jakub Kobylański (or Jakub of Kobylany) (born ? - died 20 May 1454) was a Polish knight, and a court marshal to the Lithuanian Grand Duke Vytautas (Witold) between 1425 and 1430. He also served as the castellan of Biecz from 1444, and of Gniezno from 1453 until his death. He was also the Royal Krajczy ("Court Carver") to King of Poland Casimir IV Jagiellon, beginning in 1450.
He was the brother of the starost of Brzesko, Jan Kobylański, and the grandson of the vice-treasurer of the crown Hinczka of Rogow.
According to the Polish chronicler Jan Długosz, Kobylański took part in the Siege of Malbork (Marienburg) in 1410, under Władysław II Jagiełło, during the Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War.
In 1428 Kobylański led the Polish mercenary troops which served under Grand Duke Vytautas and took part in the fighting between the Grand Duke and Veliky Novgorod.
In 1435 Polish troops under the command of Kobylański were sent as aid to Sigismund Kęstutaitis (Zygmunt Kiejstutowicz), who was involved in a civil war in Lithuania against his cousin Švitrigaila (Świdrygiełło). Kobylański commanded the combined Polish-Lithuanian force at the Battle of Wilkomierz (present day Ukmergė) where he won a victory over Švitrigaila and the Teutonic Knights who supported him. The outcome of the battle had a significant impact on the civil war in Lithuania, as well as the war between the Crown of Poland and the Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights. Most of the top commanders of the Livonian branch of the order perished in the battle.
# James Broad (cricketer)

James Broad (9 May 1814 – 27 December 1888) was an English cricketer who played one first-class cricket match for Kent County Cricket Club in 1854.
Broad was born at Cobham, Kent in 1814, the son of William and Sarah Broad. He was a butcher by trade and played regular club cricket for Cobham Cricket Club, a strong club side in Kent cricket at the time. He is recorded as having played in at least 31 matches for the side between 1849 and 1864 as an allrounder who frequently opened the batting.
Broad made his only appearance for Kent against a United England Eleven at The Bat and Ball Ground in Gravesend, close to his home. He was one of fifteen players on the Kent side in the match.
Broad married Mary Bradbear in 1840. He died at Cobham in 1888 aged 74.
# Maize streak virus

Maize streak virus (MSV) is a virus primarily known for causing maize streak disease (MSD) in its major host, and which also infects over 80 wild and domesticated grasses. It is an insect-transmitted pathogen of maize in the genus Mastrevirus of the family Geminiviridae that is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa and neighbouring Indian Ocean island territories such as Madagascar, Mauritius and La Reunion. The A-strain of MSV (MSV-A) causes sporadic maize streak disease epidemics throughout the maize-growing regions of Africa.
MSV was first described by the South African entomologist Claude Fuller who referred to it in a 1901 report as "mealie variegation".
The development of conventionally resistant maize varieties has been a priority since the 1950s in Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa and elsewhere, with a good deal of success: however, there are several genes associated with resistance, and breeding is complex. Transgenically resistant or genetically modified maize varieties were under development in South Africa, but the project has terminated without field trials of the candidate maize lines that were developed. Maize streak resistance is an important trait to maize breeders. Forward genetics is increasingly being used.
MSV is mainly vectored by Cicadulina mbila, and other Cicadulina species, such as C. storeyi, C. arachidis and C. dabrowski, are also able to transmit the virus.
Typical of all mastreviruses, MSV's circular, ~2.7-Kb monopartite single-stranded (ss) DNA genome encodes only four proteins. Bidirectional transcription from a long intergenic region (LIR) results in the virion-sense expression of a movement protein (MP) and a coat protein (CP), and the complementary-sense expression of the replication-associated proteins, Rep and RepA. Whereas the MP and CP are involved in virus movement and encapsidation, Rep is an essential initiator of virus replication, and RepA is a regulator of host and viral gene transcription. Due to genome size restrictions, MSV usurps host DNA replication and double-stranded DNA break repair proteins to replicate its genome via, respectively, rolling-circle and recombination-dependent mechanisms.
# Malcolm Thomas

Malcolm Thomas may refer to:
* Malcolm Thomas (basketball, born 1988), American professional basketball player
* Malcolm Thomas (basketball, born 1963), American college basketball player
* Malcolm Thomas (rugby union) (1929–2012), Welsh rugby player
* Malcolm Thomas or Mike Thomas (running back) (1953–2019), American football player
* Malcolm James Thomas or Malcolm Vaughn (1929–2010), Welsh singer and actor
# Niebla usneoides

Niebla usneoides is a fruticose lichen that grows on rocks in the fog zone along the Pacific Coast of Baja California in the Vizcaíno Desert and Magadalena Desert regions, and reported also from the Channel Islands and mainland of southern California. The epithet, usneoides is in reference to the similarity to the lichen genus Usnea.

## Distinguishing features

Niebla usneoides is distinguished by a thallus divided into numerous subtubular more or less linear shaped branches, to 4 cm high and 8 cm across, that are fringed above with spiculiform branchlets and by short coralloid isidia (isidium) along margins. The branches become terminally whip-like, or abruptly curved. Pycnidia and apothecia are absent.
Similar species are Niebla suffnessii and Niebla isidiaescens. Niebla suffnessii is viewed as the fertile counterpart of a species pair (N. suffnessii and N. usneoides). They appear to intergrade by isidia in rare thalli occurring sparsely at the base of the thallus of N. suffnessii. Niebla isidiaescens differs in having divaricatic acid instead of sekikiaic acid and by the presence of pycnidia.

## Taxonomic history

Niebla usneoides was first recognized by Richard Spjut as distinct from other species in the genus while collecting samples for chemopreventive agents and for anticancer screening on the Vizcaíno Peninsula near Arroyo San Andrés in May 1986. A 700 gram sample of N. usneoides was collected in a mixed desert and coastal sage scrub region characterized by Pachycormus discolor, Encelia stenophylla, Eriogonum encelioides, Eriogonum pondii, Salvia cedrosensis, Petalonyx linearis, Rhus lentii and various lichens and one desert mushroom Battarraea phalloides. The species (N. usneoides) was also found growing with Niebla lobulata, and Niebla suffnessii, both also contain sekikaic acid but differ in the absences of isidia (isidium).
Niebla usneoides has been included under Niebla isidiaescens on the assumption that differences in the secondary metabolites, sekikaic acid and divaricatic acid, represent different “races” of one species, derived from a highly variable Niebla homalea. However, the term race implies a genetic difference derived from sexually reproducing species. Both N. isidiaescens and N. usneoides reproduce primarily by asexual propagules; thus, they can hardly be considered races of an asexually reproducing species (N. isidiaescens) as treated by Peter Bowler and collaborators. The two chemotypes (sekikiaic aicd, divaricatic acid) generally do not occur together, or if found in the same region, usually one chemotype is dominant such as reported by Spjut for N. usneoides. This may be viewed as evidence of a genetic difference as opposed to environmentally induced chemical variation. Alternatively, the two isidiate species are races of the fertile (sexual) species, which under a very broad species concept is N. homalea, and if this view is adopted, then both isidiate species would be included under N. homalea.
# Niebla tesselata

Niebla tesselata is a fruticose lichen that grows on rocks along the foggy Pacific Coast of in the Northern Vizcaíno Desert of Baja California. The epithet, tesselata, is in reference to the cobblestone pattern on the surface of the thallus branches.

## Distinguishing features

Niebla tesselata is distinguished by the thallus divided into tubular branches from a pale rusty orange pigmented holdfast, the branches generally narrowly conical, simple, densely covered by black dot-like pycnidia positioned centrally on areolae, and by containing sekikaic acid, with triterpenes. The species (N. tesselata) is unique in the genus for its simple branches and for the central development of pycnidia on the raised areolate surface, as opposed to developing along the cortical ridges as generally recognized for the genus Niebla. Also, pycnidia are not confined to the upper parts of the branches as in most species of the genus; instead, they extend to the base of the thallus. Apothecia (ascocarp) are unknown.

## Taxonomic history

Niebla tesselata was recognized as a result of undertaking a taxonomic revision of the genus in regard to developing a lichen flora of Baja California, which began in 1986. At the time the species (N. tesselata) was being published, it was only known from the holotype (biology), collected 4 April 1994, Richard Spjut & Richard Marin 13108, deposited in the United States National Herbarium (Smithsonian Institution, Museum of Natural History, Botany Department). Subsequently another single specimen was found on Mesa San Carlos in April 1996; it is also without apothecia. The species occurs at the interior edges of fog zone on red volcanic rocks, where fog lichens generally become sparse.
Niebla tesselata has been interpreted to belong to a broad species concept of Niebla homalea, one that recognizes only three species in the genus; two by the medulla reaction to para-phenylenediamine, depsidones (pd+, Niebla josecuervoi) and depsides (pd-, Niebla homalea), and one by isidia (isidium),(Niebla isidiaescens), based on the genus concept defined by Spjut; The treatment of the species under the broad taxonomic concept has many inconsistencies.
# Jaluahun Chiefdom

Jaluahun Chiefdom is a chiefdom in Kailahun District of Sierra Leone. Its capital is Segbwema.
# MedChemComm

* Chemistry portal
* Medicine portal
MedChemComm (in full: Medicinal Chemistry Communications) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal publishing original (primary) research and review articles on all aspects of medicinal chemistry, including drug discovery, pharmacology and pharmaceutical chemistry. Until December 2019, it was published monthly by the Royal Society of Chemistry in partnership with the European Federation for Medicinal Chemistry, of which it was the official journal. Authors can elect to have accepted articles published as open access. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2014 impact factor of 2.495, ranking it 27th out of 59 journals in the category "Chemistry, Medicinal" and 163 out of 289 journals in the category "Biochemistry & Molecular Biology".
The editor-in-chief is Mike Waring (Newcastle University).
As of January 1, 2020 - the journal is now called RSC Medicinal Chemistry and continues to be published monthly under this new name.

## Article types

MedChemComm publishes Research Articles (original scientific work, usually between 4-10 pages in length) and Reviews (critical analyses of specialist areas).
# Nicky Smith

Nicky Smith or Nicola Smith may refer to:
* Nicola Smith (born 1949), English bridge player
* Nicky Smith (RAF officer) (born c. 1969), British RAF officer, the first woman to command an RAF flying squadron
* Nicky Smith (English footballer) (born 1969), English footballer
* Nicky Smith (New Zealand footballer) (born 1980), New Zealand woman international footballer
* Nicky Smith (rugby union) (born 1994), Welsh rugby union player
# Jacketed vessel

In chemical engineering, a jacketed vessel is a container that is designed for controlling temperature of its contents, by using a cooling or heating "jacket" around the vessel through which a cooling or heating fluid is circulated.
A jacket is a cavity external to the vessel that permits the uniform exchange of heat between the fluid circulating in it and the walls of the vessel. There are several types of jackets, depending on the design:
* Conventional Jackets. A second shell is installed over a portion of the vessel, creating an annular space within which cooling or heating medium flows. A simple conventional jacket, with no internal components, is generally very inefficient for heat transfer because the flow media has an extremely low velocity resulting in a low heat transfer coefficient. Condensing media, such as steam or Dowtherm A, is an exception because in this case the heat transfer coefficient doesn't depend on velocity or turbulence, but instead is related to the surface area upon which the media condenses and the efficiency of removing condensate. Internals include baffles that direct flow in a spiral pattern around the jacket, and agitating nozzles that cause high turbulence at the point where the fluid is introduced into the jacket.
* Half-Pipe Coil Jackets. Pipes are split lengthwise, usually with an included angle of 180 degrees (split evenly down the middle) or 120 degrees, then wound around the vessel and welded in place.
* Dimple Jackets. A thin external shell is affixed to the vessel shell with spot welds located in a regular pattern, often about 50 mm on center both horizontally and vertically. These so-called dimples impart turbulence to the heating or cooling media as it flows through the jacket (see Pillow plate heat exchanger).
* Plate Coils. Often very similar to dimple jackets, but fabricated separately as fully contained jackets that are then strapped to a vessel. They are slightly less efficient than dimple jackets because there is a double layer of metal for the heat to traverse (the plate coil inside surface and the vessel shell). They also require good bonding to the vessel jacket, to prevent an insulating gap between the plate coil and the vessel.
Jackets can be applied to the entire surface of a vessel or just a portion of it. For a vertical vessel, the top head is typically left unjacketed. Jackets can be divided into zones, to divide the flow of the heating or cooling medium. Advantages include: ability to direct flow to certain portions of the jacket, such as only the bottom head when minimal heating or cooling is needed and the entire jacket when maximum heating or cooling is required; ability to provide a higher volume of flow overall (zones are piped in parallel) because the pressure drop through a zone is lower than if the entire jacket is a single zone.
Jacketed vessels can be employed as chemical reactors (to remove the elevated heat of reaction) or to reduce the viscosity of high viscous fluids (such as tar).
Agitation can be also used in jacketed vessels to improve the homogeneity of the fluid properties (such as temperature or concentration).