OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Arthur Markham (cyclist)

Arthur Matthew Markham (1845 – 19 June 1917) was an English cyclist who won the first formal cycle race held in Britain

## Biography

Markham won what is said to be the first formal cycle race held in Britain. It was in a meadow at Brent Reservoir, known locally as the Welsh Harp, in north-west London on Whitsun Monday, 1 June 1868. Markham received a silver cup from the licensee of the Old Welsh Harp Hotel, William Perkins Warner, who had sponsored the race. In another source, Warner is named as Jack.
Markham opened a bicycle shop at nearby 345 Edgware Road in 1872. He had another in Station Approach, Shepherd's Bush, London. Markham listed his occupation as an engineer in the 1881 census; his sister, Helen D. Markham was aged 23 and listed as a "bicycle maker".
The race was held the day after what is often referred to as the world's first race, in the park at Saint-Cloud west of Paris. It was won by another Englishman, James Moore. His grandson, John, believes Moore is buried near the reservoir.
Markham used his winnings to take a coach to Bath where on 27 June 1868 he took part in another race and beat a rider called Abrahams, considered the favourite. Markham was a strong swimmer and saved a man from drowning in the River Avon, although it is not clear if this was on the same trip. The Royal Humane Society awarded him a parchment in recognition of his bravery, on 21 October 1868.
In 1878 Markham was a co-defendant in a court case about fraudulent velocipede races. In his summing up of a complex and entertaining case, the Lord Chief Justice said:
   ...As to Markham, inasmuch as the plaintiff allowed the money for the stake to remain in the hands of Markham, after it had been arranged that the race, which originally was to have been an honest one, was converted into a dishonest one, ...there will be a verdict for the defendant Markham [i.e. innocent]. But looking on all parties as being mixed up in this fraudulent conspiracy I will exercise the power which I possess under the Judicature act, and, that although I direct that the judgement shall be entered for the defendant, it will be without costs."
Markham has also been described as a professional runner. His son, A. G. Markham, broke the Road Records Association unpaced tricycle record for 100 miles with 5h 57m 22s in 1903. He was captain of the Bath Road Club in west London.
# Munter

Munter or Münter is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alex Munter (born 1968), Canadian politician and journalist, CEO of the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario
* Cameron Munter (born 1954), US Ambassador to Pakistan
* Friedrich Münter (1761-1830), Danish bishop and scholar
* Gabriele Münter (1887-1962) German Expressionist artist
* Leilani Münter (born 1976), American race car driver and environmental activist
* Rosanna Munter (born 1987), Swedish singer
* Scott Munter (born 1980), American baseball pitcher
* Werner Munter (born 1941), Swiss mountain guide, author, and safety expert
# Megalopalpus

Megalopalpus is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae.

## Species

* Megalopalpus angulosus Grünberg, 1910
* Megalopalpus metaleucus Karsch, 1893
* Megalopalpus simplex Röber, 1886
* Megalopalpus zymna (Westwood, [1851])
# Parrot-billed sparrow

The parrot-billed sparrow (Passer gongonensis) is found in the arid lowlands of eastern Africa. At 18 centimetres (7.1 in) and 42 grams (1.5 oz), it is the largest of the sparrows of the family Passeridae. It is often considered a subspecies of the grey-headed sparrow.
# Noël Ilari

Noël Ilari (11 September 1897—2 February 1985) was a French soldier who fought in both world wars. He served as president of the Assembly of French Polynesia from 1953 to 1955.

## Biography

Ilari was born in Rennes in France. He fought in the First World War, which he finished at the rank of second lieutenant. He arrived in French Polynesia in 1934, where he came into conflict with the local authorities because of his challenge to commercial monopolies. When war was declared in 1939, as a reserve captain, he asked and obtained from Governor Frédéric Chastenet de Géry permission to go to France at his own expense to fight and thus took part in the French campaign in June 1940. Accusing General de Gaulle of wanting to divide the French, he joined Vichy and held positions within the Ministry of Sports and Youth. In charge of the mission in Polynesia, he was refused entry to the territory by Émile de Curton, the governor appointed by de Gaulle. He continued his mission in Indochina under the orders of Admiral Jean Decoux until the end of the war.
He returned to France in 1946, and then to Polynesia where in 1947 he was accused of a plot in association with Pouvanaa a Oopa. After being imprisoned for several months, he was acquitted, but banned from staying in Tahiti. He moved to Tubuai in the Austral Islands, and became a farmer and teacher, living on a property of 120 hectares which he called "Ermitage Sainte-Hélène". He was elected to the Assembly of French Polynesia in the 1953 French Oceanian legislative election on the ticket of Oopa's Democratic Rally of the Tahitian People, and was elected vice-president of the Assembly. Following a dispute in the Assembly on 10 April, a fight broke out between Ilari and Alfred Poroi. Ilari then challenged Poroi to a duel, which Poroi agreed should take place at the end of the day. The duel ultimately did not occur, after Governor René Petitbon broadcast a radio message forbidding it and stationed police at the homes of the participants. In October 1953 he left the RDPT and joined the opposition, and was elected president of the Assembly. Walter Grand, a former Free Frenchman, succeeded him in June 1955. He lost his seat in the 1957 election.
In 1964 he published a memoir, Secrets tahitiens. Journal d'un popaa farani.
He died and was buried on his property in 1985.
# Bambusa angustissima

Bambusa angustissima is a species of Bambusa bamboo.

## Distribution

Bambusa angustissima is endemic to Gaozhou of Guangdong province of China.

## Description

The plant grows to 900 cm in height and 50 mm diameter for the stems.
# Collongues

Collongues is the name of 2 communes in France:
* Collongues, Alpes-Maritimes, in the Alpes-Maritimes department
* Collongues, Hautes-Pyrénées, in the Hautes-Pyrénées department
# Mutton Island, County Galway

Mutton Island is a small island located approximately 1km off the coast of Galway City, Ireland and is connected to the mainland with a causeway. The causeway is popular for wedding proposals due to the views from the island. It is home to a sewage treatment plant and light house. No permanent residents live on the island and it is generally only visited by those working on the sewage plant. After treatment, the sewage water is pumped out to sea on the same facility
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1841 | 0 | — |
| 1851 | 4 | — |
| 1861 | 8 | +100.0% |
| 1871 | 0 | −100.0% |
| 1881 | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1891 | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1901 | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1911 | 0 | 0.00% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1926 | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1936 | 2 | — |
| 1946 | 2 | +0.0% |
| 1951 | 3 | +50.0% |
| 1956 | 2 | −33.3% |
| 1961 | 0 | −100.0% |
| 1966 | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1971 | 0 | 0.00% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1979 | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1981 | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1986 | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1991 | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1996 | 0 | 0.00% |
| 2002 | 0 | 0.00% |
| 2006 | 0 | 0.00% |
Source: Central Statistics Office. "CNA17: Population by Off Shore Island, Sex and Year". CSO.ie. Retrieved 12 October 2016. :
# Mary Cholmondeley (disambiguation)

Mary Cholmondeley (1859–1925) was an English novelist.
Mary Cholmondeley may refer to:
* Mary Cholmondeley, Lady Delamere (1906–1986), English heiress and socialite
* Mary Cholmondeley (heiress) (1562–1625), English heiress
* Mary Woffington Cholmondeley (1729–1811), Irish-born actress and socialite
# Arthur Marsh (footballer)

Arthur Marsh (4 May 1947 – 31 March 2020) was an English footballer who made 186 appearances in the Football League playing as a central defender for Bolton Wanderers, Rochdale and Darlington.
On 1 April 2020, his former club Bolton Wanderers announced that he had died at the age of 72.
# Midsayap–Marbel Road

The Midsayap–Marbel Road, also known as Makar–Dulawan–Midsayap–Marbel Road is a 101-kilometer (63 mi), two-to-four lane highway that connects the provinces of North Cotabato, Maguindanao, Sultan Kudarat, and South Cotabato. It is classified as a national secondary highway for Mindanao. It lessens the travel time from North Cotabato to South Cotabato and Sultan Kudarat via Midsayap.
The highway forms part of National Route 940 (N940) of the Philippine highway network.

## Route description
### Midsayap to Datu Saudi Ampatuan

The northern section of N940 is at Midsayap that links to N75. It links Midsayap to municipalities of Datu Piang, Datu Salibo, and Datu Saudi Ampatuan at 29-kilometre (18 mi). At Datu Saudi Ampatuan, it links to an unnamed secondary highway which is the Salbu-Pagatin Highway.

### Datu Saudi Ampatuan to Tacurong

The N940 links Datu Saudi Ampatuan to other municipalities in Maguindanao. It traverses Mamasapano, Rajah Buayan, and Sultan sa Barongis. The bridge that links Maguindanao and Sultan Kudarat is the Pinguiaman Bridge. It traverses the municipality of Lambayong and finally links up in Tacurong at 42-kilometre (26 mi).

### Tacurong to Koronadal

At Tacurong, there is a roundabout that links with N76. It traverses the municipality of Tantangan in South Cotabato. The western section of N940 is at Koronadal that links to AH26 at 30-kilometre (19 mi).
# Jordi Mayoral

Jordi Antônio Mayoral Rodríguez (born 18 May 1973 in Girona) is a retired Spanish sprinter who specialized in the 200 metres.
He finished seventh in 4 × 100 m relay at the 1997 World Championships, together with teammates Frutos Feo, Venancio José and Carlos Berlanga.
His personal best time is 20.63 seconds, achieved in July 1995 in Vitoria. He has 10.28 seconds in the 100 metres, achieved in July 1996 in Monachil.
# Parrot (crater)

Parrot is the remains of a lunar impact crater that has been almost completely worn away. It was named after Russian doctor and physicist Friedrich Parrot. It is attached to the southern rim of the crater Albategnius, and is located among the rugged highlands among the south-central part of the visible Moon. To the east is the small crater Vogel, and in the southeast is Arzachel.
Little remains of the southwestern rim of Parrot, and the other sections of the wall have been worn and smoothed by impact erosion. The remains of a pair of overlapping craters occupy much of the northern floor of the crater, and the remainder is irregular but relatively flat. No central peak remains.
A groove structure intersects the southeast and part of the northern rim, following an intermittent line from the south-southeast to the north-northwest.

## Satellite craters

By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Parrot.
| Parrot | Latitude | Longitude | Diameter |
| A | 15.3° S | 2.1° E | 21 km |
| B | 13.6° S | 2.5° E | 10 km |
| C | 18.5° S | 1.2° E | 31 km |
| D | 14.2° S | 3.6° E | 21 km |
| E | 16.0° S | 2.3° E | 20 km |
| F | 16.1° S | 1.4° E | 19 km |
| G | 17.4° S | 2.6° E | 28 km |
| H | 17.6° S | 1.2° E | 19 km |
| J | 17.0° S | 1.8° E | 23 km |
| K | 14.1° S | 1.8° E | 44 km |
| L | 18.0° S | 0.9° E | 7 km |
| M | 18.0° S | 2.0° E | 7 km |
| N | 13.8° S | 0.5° E | 5 km |
| O | 16.9° S | 2.6° E | 10 km |
| P | 18.6° S | 3.0° E | 6 km |
| Q | 15.1° S | 1.1° E | 5 km |
| R | 13.5° S | 3.2° E | 10 km |
| S | 15.9° S | 3.6° E | 10 km |
| T | 15.9° S | 4.2° E | 8 km |
| U | 14.1° S | 4.5° E | 10 km |
| V | 13.2° S | 0.8° E | 24 km |
| W | 13.2° S | 1.5° E | 5 km |
| X | 14.5° S | 1.9° E | 4 km |
| Y | 13.9° S | 0.7° E | 10 km |
# Twentieth Century Eightball

Twentieth Century Eightball is a book collection of comics by Daniel Clowes published by Fantagraphics Books in 2002. It consists of numerous short pieces originally published in Clowes's Eightball comic book and other venues. Most of the contents previously appeared in the earlier, out-of-print collections Lout Rampage! and Orgy Bound, but the book also includes eight new stories.

## Contents

* Little Enid
* Title Story
* Art School Confidential
* Cool Your Jets
* Ectomorph
* The Truth
* Ink Studs
* The Stroll
* Devil Doll?
* Needledick the Bugfucker
* Feldman
* I Hate You Deeply
* Zubrick and Pogeybait
* Frankie and Johnnie
* Marooned on a Desert Island with the People from the Subway
* Just Another Day
* Hippypants and Peace Bear
* Zubrick
* Chicago
* Why I Hate Christians
* Pogeybait
* On Sports
* Sexual Frustration
* The Operator
* A Message to the People of the Future
* The Happy Fisherman
* Give it Up!
* Grist for the Mill
* Ugly Girls
* Curtain of Sanity
* Playful Obsession
* Squirrel Girl and Candypants
* Paranoid
* I Love You Tenderly
* The Party
* The Sensual Santa
* My Suicide
* Eightball
* Man-Child
* Wallace Wood
* Tits
* Tom Pudd
* Grip Glutz and Shamrock Squid
* You
* About the Author
* This comics-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Bambusa aurinuda

Bambusa aurinuda is a species of Bambusa bamboo.

## Distribution

Bambusa aurinuda is commonly found in the Tonkin vicinity of Vietnam.

## Description

Bambusa aurinuda is a Perennial and caespitose plant with rather short rhizomes. Its culms are erect, and allows it to grow up to a height of 800–1100 cm long. Its stem grows up to 40–100 mm in diameter. Its stem is woody. The surface of the leaf blade is leaf-blade surface is considered puberulous and sparsely hairy; It is hairy abaxially.
# Van Cleave, Kentucky

Van Cleave is an unincorporated community in Calloway County, Kentucky United States. The community is centered around the intersection of Van Cleave Road, Elm Grove Road and Todd Road just north of Kentucky Route 80.
The community had a post office from February 7, 1895, to October 14, 1905.
# Coordinate-induced basis

In mathematics, a coordinate-induced basis is a basis for the tangent space or cotangent space of a manifold that is induced by a certain coordinate system. Given the coordinate system $x^{a}$, the coordinate-induced basis $e_{a}$ of the tangent space is given by
    $e_{a}={\frac {\partial }{\partial x^{a}}}$
and the dual basis $\omega ^{a}$ of the cotangent space is
    $\omega ^{a}=dx^{a}.\,$
# Mildred Parten Newhall

Mildred Bernice Parten Newhall (August 4, 1902 – May 26, 1970) was an American sociologist, a researcher at University of Minnesota's Institute of Child Development.
She completed her doctoral dissertation in 1929. In it she developed the theory of six stages of child's play, which led to a series of influential publications.
Newhall was one of the first to conduct extensive studies on children for the case of play. She supervised children between two and five years old for intense one-minute periods. In these time frames, she could see the different children's behavior and documented them accordingly. She noted that most of the play is by themselves, in the first four stages. The latter two are more extensive sets of play, and occur in older age groups which involve more interaction between children.
She was married to Sidney Newhall, a researcher for Eastman Kodak in Rochester, New York. Mildred Parten Newhall was a research associate in psychology at the University of Rochester and died in 1970.
# National Cycle Route 164

National Cycle Network (NCN) Route 164 is a Sustrans regional route in the Yorkshire Wolds. The Northern section between Pocklington and Hutton Cranswick is part of the Way of the Roses, opened in 2010. The southern section links Beverley and Kiplingcotes via Newbold. Both sections are key parts of the 146 mile Yorkshire Wolds Cycle Route, opened in 2011. It is fully open and signed.

## Route
### Pocklington to Hutton Cranswick

The northern section is entirely on road using quiet country lanes. Its western end is in Pocklington in the Vale of York. The route climbs up the Yorkshire Worlds through Millington Dale. It is a gentle climb compared to most of the roads up the scarp slope of the wold. The village of Huggate is shortly after the top of the climb. The route runs downhill to the Holderness Plain. Its eastern end is about two miles west of Hutton Cranswick where it meets NCN 1.

### Kiplingcotes to Beverley

The western end of the southern section is in Kiplingcotes at a junction with NCN 66. The route heads south to Newbold, with steep roads in and out, then turns east to Walkington, Beverley Westwood. Its eastern end is in Beverley at a junction with NCN 1.

## Related NCN Routes

Route 164 meets the following routes:
* 1  at Hutton Cranswick 53°57′14″N 0°29′53″W﻿ / ﻿53.9539°N 0.498°W﻿ / 53.9539; -0.498 and Beverley 53°50′26″N 0°25′44″W﻿ / ﻿53.8406°N 0.429°W﻿ / 53.8406; -0.429
* 66  at Pocklington 53°55′51″N 0°46′33″W﻿ / ﻿53.9309°N 0.7758°W﻿ / 53.9309; -0.7758 and Kiplingcotes 53°53′01″N 0°35′32″W﻿ / ﻿53.8835°N 0.5921°W﻿ / 53.8835; -0.5921
* 167  at Huggate 53°59′02″N 0°39′49″W﻿ / ﻿53.984°N 0.6636°W﻿ / 53.984; -0.6636
Route 164 (northern section) is part of the Way of the Roses along with:
69   68   688   65   658   66   1
Route 164 is part of the Yorkshire Wolds Cycle Route with:
66   1   166   167
# Waid Academy FPRFC

Waid Academy Former Pupils Rugby Football Club is a Rugby Union club based in Anstruther, Fife. They currently play in Caledonia Midlands Three.
Waid are sponsored by The Station Buffet Bar.

## History

The Waid Academy Former Pupil's Rugby Club beginnings can be traced back to 1887 when pupils and staff of Waid Academy created what was known as 'The Etceteras' and played their first game in a friendly against Elie. The club has operated endlessly excluding disruptions during the first and second world wars.
Up until the early 60s, the president of the club was also the School's Head Master.
Waid Academy FPRFC still play their home matches at the Waid Academy pitches on the grounds of the high school.
On 2 September 1983, The rugby club's members were able to purchase an old bakery on the Anstruther's High Street and this was transformed into the Waid Academy FPRFC Clubhouse.

## Youth development and coaching

The Waid Academy FPRFC Modern Apprentice for 2016–17 is David Hodge .
Waid Academy FPRFC run rugby programmes for all Primary School ages. This age group are known as the Waid Pirates and meet on a Sunday during term time at the Waid Academy pitches.
The club also coach those of High School age. There is an S1/2 team, an Under 16's team & an Under 18's team.
In late 2011, UKCC level 2 qualified Club Coach Co-Ordinator Zander Anderson was awarded The Royal Bank of Scotland Club Volunteer of the Month of November in association with Scottish Rugby Union.
Subsequently, in 2014, Richard Dyce was awarded the BT Club Volunteer of the Month for October in association with Scottish Rugby Union.

## Senior Rugby

Waid FPRFC run an over 35's team called The Waid Buccaneers.
The Waid Buccaneers won The St Andrews Day Veterans Tournament on Saturday 26 November 2011 held by Madras College FP RFC.

## Waid Academy F.P. Sevens

The club run the Waid Academy F.P. Sevens. The Sevens tournament began in 1954; entrants play for the Wilson Cup.

## Honours

* Waid Academy F.P. Sevens
** Champions: 1965, 1981, 1982, 1984, 1989
* Alloa Sevens
** Champions: 1982
* North of Scotland Cup
** Champions: 1933

## Notable former players

Only one Waid Academy FPRFC player has represented Scotland.
Waid FP John Alexander Davidson gained his first cap for Scotland in 1959 against England National Rugby Union Team. He made three appearances for Scotland and whilst serving on overseas duty with the Royal Air Force (1952–54), captained the RAF Hong Kong XV, and the combined services XV. John also played for the Hong Kong Colony against the Fijians. Having learned his rugby at Waid Academy, John moved on to Edinburgh Wanderers and played for the North & Midlands side in 1958 against an Australian touring team. He also played for Racing Club de France in Paris, the club which is today better known as Racing 92. John was awarded the Honour of Life member of Waid FP Rugby Club in 1997. On the 22 January 2016, John died aged 83.
# Nasara

Nasara is the Zongo wing of the New Patriotic Party with the primary purpose of mobilizing members for the party within the Muslim Communities of Ghana.
The Nasara wing was birthed by the late Alhaji Hussein Maiga, Alhaji Muhammed Salisu Kentebako, a lifelong elder and patron of the Ablekuma North Constituency NPP and some Muslim patriots like Hajia Meimuna Yakubu (Hajia Fara), Alhaji Rufai, Alhaji Bismi and Alhaji Sadat. Set up as the national urban Muslim population coordination structure of the party, it was to be coordinated at the presidential level with a sitting NPP president or the presidential candidate if the party is not in power, as its honorary president. With the highest serving Muslim public servant at its helm, with the then vice president the late Alhaji Aliu Mahama playing this role.
Other achievements include:
* Recognition of Zongo Chiefs in national house of chiefs' registry
* Special policy initiative specific to Zongos by successive administrations
In 2018, the constitution of the party was amended to formally make NASARA a special wing of the party. A move some have criticised as downgrade of the initiative. Now coordinators from the constituency, regional to national levels are elected and deputies appointed to deputize the elected coordinators. The aim of this wing is to harness all untapped potential and give a loud voice to the visibly minority Zongo communities in the Ghanaian political landscape. Abdul Aziz Futah is the current national NASARA coordinator. The Nasara is a special organ of the Party, which promotes the policies and programs of the Party in Zongo Communities. Its responsibilities are to:

## Primary Purposes

* To recruit and cultivate support of the residents of the Zongo Communities into the membership of the NPP.
* Be the mouthpiece of the Zongo Communities and to help promote policies that will enhance the welfare of Zongo residents.
* Create a nationwide force within the Party to cater for the activities and interest of residents of the Zongo Communities.
* Create a nationwide force within the Party to cater for the activities and interest of residents of the Zongo Communities.

## Zongo Youth Patriots (ZYP)

The Zongo Youth Patriots (ZYP) is an affiliate group of the Nasara wing of the New Patriotic Party.
# Microsveltia metivieri

Microsveltia metivieri is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Cancellariidae, the nutmeg snails.
# Brother (Matt Corby song)

"Brother" is the first single released from Australian singer Matt Corby's extended play (EP), Into the Flame. The song peaked at number 3 on the ARIA Charts as the Into the Flame EP, as songs' sales are counted towards their parent EPs on the singles chart. The song won Song of the Year at the 2012 ARIA Awards and was nominated for the same category at the 2012 APRA Awards. It also came in at #3 in the Triple J Hottest 100, 2011, behind "Somebody That I Used to Know" and "Lonely Boy".

## Charts

| Chart (2011–12) | Peak position |
| Australia (ARIA) Into the Flame EP | 3 |
| Netherlands (Dutch Top 40) | 29 |
| Netherlands (Single Top 100) | 32 |

### Decade-end charts

| Chart (2010–2019) | Position |
| Australia (ARIA) | 68 |
| Australian Artist Singles (ARIA) | 8 |

## Other versions

Thundamentals performed a version of "Brother" on triple j's Like a Version in 2012.
Austin P. McKenzie performed a version of "Brother" on 30 August 2015, live at the Spring Awakening Cabaret.