# Matsushita JR series

The Matsushita JR series was a line of microcomputers produced by Matsushita Electric Industrial (now Panasonic) during the 1980s. Based on the success of the Sharp MZ and NEC PC-8000 series, it was an attempt by Matsushita to enter the personal computer market.
The JR series included four computer models: the JR-100, the JR-200, the JR-300 and the JR-800.

## JR-100

The JR-100 was released on November 21, 1981, with a price of 54,800 yen. Like the Hitachi Basic Master and Sharp MZ-80, it was a low-performance, low-priced personal computer offering basic semi-graphic character based graphics, a monochrome display, and minimal sound ability. The CPU was an 8-bit Panasonic MN1800A NMOS microprocessor (compatible with the Motorola MC6802, a slightly improved version of the Motorola MC6800) running at a slow 0.89 MHz, and it came with 16 KB of RAM (expandable to 32 KB).
Specifications:
* CPU: MN1800A (MC6802 compatible)
* Clock speed: 890 kHz
* RAM: 16-32 KB
* ROM: 8 KB
* Graphics: Monochrome; 32 × 24 text characters; 64 × 48 semi-graphic characters with 8 × 8 pixel matrix
* Sound: Internal speaker
* Connections: Monitor, Expansion, Tape (Frequency-shift keying encoding with 1200 Hz for space and 2400 Hz for mark; 600 baud)
* OS: JR-BASIC 1.0

## JR-200

The JR-200 is made of silver grey plastic, and has a black matte area around the chiclet keyboard area. It used the same MN1800A CPU as the previous model, but added a second processor, the 4-bit MN1544CJR, which is used for I/O and contains 128 bytes of RAM plus four kilobytes of ROM.
The computer received favorable reviews on its launch. Creative Computing wrote "The Panasonic JR-200 is one of the nicest new computers to make the scene in some time."
A version of the JR-200 called the Panasonic JR-200U was developed for the North American and European markets and was announced in January 1983.
Specifications:
* CPU: MN1800A + MN1544
* Clock speed: 890 kHz
* RAM: 36 KB
* ROM: 16 KB
* Graphics: 8 colors (black, blue, red, magenta, green, cyan, yellow, white); 256 × 192; 32 × 24 text characters; 64 × 48 semi-graphic characters with 8 × 8 pixel matrix
* Sound: 3 voices, 5 octaves, square wave. Generated by the MN1271 sound, I/O and timer chip.
* Connections: Composite and RF video, expansion, tape (600/2400 baud), printer port, floppy drive, joystick
* OS: JR-BASIC 5.0

## JR-300

The JR-300, released in 1984, was completely redesigned in comparison with the earlier JR-100 and JR-200 models. The JR-300 had a Zilog Z80A CPU as well as a second MN1800A CPU to allow backwards compatibility with the JR-200.
Specifications:
* CPU: MN1800A + Z80A
* Clock speed: 4 MHz
* RAM: 82 KB
* ROM: 40 KB
* Graphics: 8 colors; 320 × 200, 640 × 200, 640 × 400
* Sound: Yamaha 8910 (3 voices, 5 octaves)
* Connections: RGB, Composite and RF video, sound out, expansion, tape (600/2400 baud), printer port, floppy drive, joystick
* OS: JR-BASIC 5.0, Extended Basic

## JR-800

A handheld model called JR-800 was launched in 1983 with a price of 128,000 yen, but it was not compatible with the previous JR computers. It was based around a Hitachi HD63A01V CPU (MC6801 compatible) running at 4.9152 MHz, with 16 KB of RAM, and featured a 192 × 64 pixel LCD screen.
Specifications:
* CPU: HD63A01V
* Clock speed: 4.9152 MHz
* RAM: 16 KB
* ROM: 16 KB
* Graphics: monochrome LCD, 32 × 8 characters; 192 × 64 pixels
* Connections: tape, RS-232, printer, sound
* OS: BASIC

## Character set

The table below shows the semigraphics character set available on the Matsushita JR series, as shown on the operations manual. Characters are rendered using modern equivalents, the exact hardware font it not simulated.
| | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 8 | 9 | E | F |
| 0 | | 0 | @ | P | | ┌ | ◯ | ┘ |
| 1 | ! | 1 | A | Q | ♠ | ▁ | ▗ | ▏ |
| 2 | “ | 2 | B | R | ♥ | ▂ | ▞ | ▎ |
| 3 | # | 3 | C | S | ♦ | ▃ | ▙ | ▖ |
| 4 | $ | 4 | D | T | ♣ | ▄ | ▛ | ▌ |
| 5 | % | 5 | E | U | ⬣ | ▅ | ▎ | ▊ |
| 6 | & | 6 | F | V | ← | ▆ | ▜ | ▟ |
| 7 | ' | 7 | G | W | ↓ | ▇ | ▚ | ▟ |
| 8 | ( | 8 | H | X | ↑ | ├ | ▐ | ▘ |
| 9 | ) | 9 | I | Y | → | ┤ | ┼ | ▊ |
| A | * | : | J | Z | 🛉 | │ | ▒ | ▝ |
| B | + | ; | K | [ | ☺ | ─ | ┬ | ◟ |
| C | , | < | L | ¥ | ▓ | ◣ | ┴ | ● |
| D | - | = | M | ] | ┐ | ◝ | ░ | ◞ |
| E | . | > | N | ^ | █ | ╳ | ▀ | ◜ |
| F | / | ? | O | _ | ◢ | ╱ | └ | ╲ |