OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Alberto Tauro del Pino

Alberto Tauro del Pino (Callao, January 17, 1914 — February 18, 1994) was a Peruvian writer, bibliograph and librarian. He carried out important studies in the field of history and literature, mainly in bibliographical topics.
His most notable work was Enciclopedia ilustrada del Perú, a multi-volume encyclopaedia on Peruvian people, events and history, among other things. He also collaborated with fellow historian and writer Jorge Basadre on the reconstruction of the National Library of Peru, after it burned down in a fire in 1943.
# Anna Linzer

Anna O. Linzer is an American novelist, and non-profit management consultant.

## Life

Anna Linzer lived on the Suquamish Indian Reservation in Indianola, Washington.
Anna lives in Indianola with her husband Richard, and leads retreats and sessions on nonprofit financial management.

## Awards

* 1999 American Book Award
* 2001 Terry MacAdam Award

## Works

* Ghost Dancing. Macmillan. 1999. ISBN 978-0-312-20410-5.
* The Cash Flow Solution: The Nonprofit Board Member's Guide to Financial Success. John Wiley and Sons. 2006. ISBN 978-0-7879-7833-4.
* A RIVER STORY 2010. ISBN 978-1-935662-22-8
# Marytown, Wisconsin

Marytown, Wisconsin is an unincorporated community in Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin, in the town of Calumet. Marytown is located at the intersection of Fond du Lac County highways G and HH. Wisconsin Highway 149, ran north to south through the community before it was decommissioned in 2006.

## Holyland

Marytown is in an area of eastern Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin known as "The Holyland" because of the large number of communities built around churches, including St. Anna, St. Peter, St. Cloud, Mount Calvary, Johnsburg, Calvary, Brothertown and Jericho.
A recognizable feature in Marytown is St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church, which is located at the peak of the largest hill in the area. The church is lit at night and can be seen from several miles away.

## History

A post office was established in Marytown in 1854, but was later closed.
On July 18, 1996, several houses at the north end of Marytown were destroyed, and one person was killed by a tornado. This was part of a statewide outbreak of tornadoes on the same day as the Oakfield Tornado.
# Anthela phaeodesma

Anthela phaeodesma is a moth of the Anthelidae family. It is found in Australia.
# Jeff, Missouri

Jeff is an unincorporated community in Oregon County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.
The community is on Missouri Route V approximately seven miles east of Thayer. It is one mile north of the Missouri-Arkansas state line. The community of Farewell is 1.5 miles to the east on Route V.

## History

A post office called Jeff was established in 1884, and remained in operation until 1914. The community's name is derived from the last name from Joseph Jeffers, the proprietor of a local mill.
# Negative hyperconjugation

In organic chemistry, negative hyperconjugation is the donation of electron density from a filled π- or p-orbital to a neighboring σ$^*$-orbital. This phenomenon, a type of resonance, can stabilize the molecule or transition state. It also causes an elongation of the σ-bond by adding electron density to its antibonding orbital.
Negative hyperconjugation is seldom observed, though it can be most commonly observed when the σ$^*$-orbital is located on certain C–F or C–O bonds.
In negative hyperconjugation, the electron density flows in the opposite direction (from a π- or p-orbital to an empty σ$^*$-orbital) than it does in the more common hyperconjugation (from a σ-orbital to an empty p-orbital).
# Mediophycis

Mediophycis is a monotypic snout moth genus described by Rolf-Ulrich Roesler in 1982. Its only species, Mediophycis attavella, was described by Pierre Viette in 1964. It is found in Madagascar.
# Otto Grote zu Schauen

Baron Otto Grote zu Schauen (25 December 1636 O.S. / 4 January 1637 N.S. – 5/15 September 1693) was a Hanoverian statesman.
He was born in Sønderborg (Duchy of Schleswig), and came from a noble lineage. After the Thirty Years' War, he studied at the University of Helmstedt and the University of Leiden and then went traveling.
From 1665, he was privy councilor and chamberlain of initially Johann Friedrich, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, and then the duke's younger brother and successor, Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover.
He died in Hamburg in the midst of negotiations with Denmark over Saxe-Lauenburg. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz wrote a couplet on his death.
# Veldurthi

Veldurthi may refer to the following places:
* Veldurthi, Guntur district, a village in Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh, India
* Veldurthi, Kurnool district, a village in Kurnool district, Andhra Pradesh, India
# Marcus Optendrenk

Marcus Optendrenk (born 1969) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) who has been serving as Minister of Finance of North Rhine-Westphalia since 29 June 2022. He was first elected to the Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia in 2012.

## Early life and education

Optendrenk was born in 1969 in Lobberich, North Rhine-Westphalia. From 1988 until 1995 he studied law, history, and English at the universities of Trier and Maastricht. He obtained a doctorate in history.

## Early career

From 1999 until 2005, Optendrenk worked as a policy researcher for his party's group in the Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia, working first on infrastructure and, from 2001, on fiscal matters. From 2005 to 2010, he served as the chief of staff to Helmut Linssen, who was then State Minister of Finance of North Rhine-Westphalia. After holding a posting at the state's ministry of finance for two years,

## Political career

A member of the Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU), Optendrenk held several leadership positions in the local party association and its youth wing, Young Union, in the late 1990s and early 2000s. He was elected a member of the Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia in the 2012 North Rhine-Westphalia state election.
In the negotiations to form a coalition government of the CDU and Green Party under Armin Laschet following the 2017 state elections, Optendrenk was part of his party’s delegation in the working group on economic affairs, infrastructure und financial policy. According to Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger, he was considered for a positions in Laschet's cabinet but became deputy chairman of the CDU's parliamentary group instead.

### State Minister of Finance, 2022–present

On 29 June 2022, Optendrenk was appointed State Minister of Finance in the second government of Hendrik Wüst. In late 2022, Optendrenk's budget was found to be unconstitutional by the state's auditing authority for reappropriating more than four billion Euro of debt taken on for the purpose of Covid-19 relief.

## Other activities
### Corporate boards

* NRW.BANK, Ex-Officio member of the Supervisory Board (since 2022)

### Non-profit organizations

* Aktion Deutschland Hilft (Germany's Relief Coalition), Member of the Board of Trustees (since 2022)
* Action Medeor, Member of the Advisory Board

## Personal life

Optendrenk is married and has one son.
# Johan Steyn

Johan Steyn may refer to:
* Johan Steyn, Baron Steyn (1932–2017), South African / British jurist
* Johan Steyn (rugby union) (born 1995), South African rugby union player
# Anthony Quartuccio

Anthony Quartuccio is an American music director and conductor.

## Career

Quartuccio has conducted both concert halls and Operas. He has made appearances around the country and in Asia and the Czech Republic. Quartuccio received a Bachelor of Music Degree from Santa Clara University. In 2006 he received a lifetime achievement award in the Arts from the Italian American Heritage Foundation.

## Personal life

Quartuccio's father, Anthony Quartuccio, Sr. (November 1922 - October 16, 2011) was a locally renowned author and illustrator in Northern California.
# Number form

A number form is a mental map of numbers, which automatically and involuntarily appears whenever someone who experiences number-forms thinks of numbers. Numbers are mapped into distinct spatial locations and the mapping may be different across individuals. Number forms were first documented and named by Sir Francis Galton in his The Visions of Sane Persons. Later research has identified them as a type of synesthesia.

## Neural mechanisms

It has been suggested that number-forms are a result of cross-activation between regions of the parietal lobe that are involved in numerical cognition and angular gyrus for spatial cognition. Since the areas that process numerical and spatial representations are close to each other, this may contribute to the increased cross-activation. Synesthetes display larger P3b amplitudes for month cues compared to non-synesthetes, but similar N1 and P3b responses for arrow (← or →) and word (left or right) cues.

## Reaction time research

Reaction time studies have shown that number-form synesthetes are faster to say which of two numbers is larger when the numbers are arranged in a manner consistent with their number-form, suggesting that number forms are automatically evoked. This can be thought of as a spatial Stroop task, in which space is not relevant to the task, but which can hinder performance despite its irrelevance. The fact that synesthetes cannot ignore the spatial arrangement of the numbers on the screen demonstrates that numbers are automatically evoking spatial cues. The reaction times for valid cues are smaller than invalid cues (words and arrows), but in synesthetes the response time differences for months are larger than those of non-synesthetes.

## Differences with number line

These number forms can be distinguished from the non-conscious mental number lines by the fact that they are conscious, idiosyncratic and stable across the person's lifespan. Although this form of synesthesia has not been as intensively studied as grapheme–color synesthesia, Hubbard and colleagues have argued that similar neural mechanisms might be involved, but acting in different brain regions.
# Otto Dersch

Otto Georg Dersch (born March 17, 1848, in Ortenberg, Hesse) was a German mathematician who worked in algebraic geometry. Dersch got his Ph.D. 1873 in Gießen. He was teacher in Groß-Umstadt and Darmstadt and then director of a secondary school in Offenbach am Main, and then became director of a secondary school (Oberrealschule) in Darmstadt until at least 1915.

## Publications

* Dersch, O. (1874), "Doppeltangenten einer Curve n$^{ter}$ Ordnung", Mathematische Annalen, 7 (4): 497–511, doi:10.1007/BF02104919, S2CID 123057788
* Dersch, O. (1894), Geschichte der Grossherzoglichen Real-und Landwirtschaftsschule zu Gross-Umstadt in den 25 Jahren ihres Bestehens, G. Lindauer
# Ciriaco Morón Arroyo

Ciriaco Morón Arroyo (b. Pastrana, 8 August 1935) is a Spanish philologist and professor.

## Life and career

He took his bachelor's degree in Philosophy from the Pontifical University of Salamanca in 1957 and, in 1962, his doctorate from the University of Munich, where Heidegger was one of his early influences.
From 1971 until his retirement, he was the Emerson Hinchliff Professor of Spanish Studies at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. He is currently an honorary researcher with the Discourse Analysis Group of the Human and Social Sciences Center at the Spanish National Research Council. He is a Doctor Honoris Causa in Humanities at Saint Joseph's University in Philadelphia.
He specializes in Spanish Literature and is an expert on the methodology of the History of Ideas. He has written about authors and books from every period, but certain themes recur throughout his work: The epistemology of the Humanities, Miguel de Cervantes, the Generation of '98, José Ortega y Gasset and the "Siglo de Oro". (His edition of Life is a Dream by Pedro Calderón de la Barca, from Editorial Cátedra, has gone through sixteen printings.)
In 2013, he received the Menéndez Pelayo International Prize.

## Selected works
### English

* The Humanities in the Age of Technology, Catholic Universities of America Press (2002) ISBN 0-8132-1074-7

### Spanish

* El Sistema de Ortega y Gasset, Alcalá (1968)
* Sentido y Forma de La Celestina , Cátedra (1974)
* Nuevas Meditaciones del Quijote , Gredos (1976)
* Calderón: Pensamiento y Teatro, Sociedad Menéndez Pelayo (1982) ISBN 84-600-2758-9
* El "Alma de España". Cien Años de Inseguridad, Nobel (1996) ISBN 84-8753-186-5
* Para Entender el Quijote, Rialp (2005) ISBN 84-321-3540-2
# Margarites pribiloffensis

Margarites pribiloffensis, common name the Pribiloff margarite, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Margaritidae.

## Description

The height of the shell attains 8 mm, its diameter 8.5 mm. The small, solid shell has a trochiform shape. It is pale straw color, with a small glassy nucleus and about 5½ subsequent well rounded whorls. The suture is distinct, and slightly appressed. The surface is dull, with fine incremental lines crossed by extremely fine spiral striae. The base is well rounded with a deep, not funicular umbilicus. The simple aperture is rounded. The outer lip produced at the suture and united with the columella by a thin glaze of enamel over the body. The inner lip is a little thickened, not reflected. The operculum is brownish with eight or more turns.

## Distribution

This species occurs in arctic waters.
# Ivandjiiski

Ivandjiiski may refer to:
* Daniel Ivandjiiski (born 1978), Bulgarian-American founder of Zero Hedge
* Krassimir Ivandjiiski (born 1947), former Bulgarian Ministry of Foreign Trade official, publisher and editor-in-chief of the Bulgarian political news website Strogo Sekretno, father of Daniel Ivandjiiski
# Anna D'Angeri

Anna D'Angeri (Angermayer de Redenburg; 14 April 1853 – 14 December 1907) was an Austrian-born opera singer, who adopted Italy as her country and Italianized her surname. She had a brief (1873–1881) but eminent career singing leading soprano roles at the venues of Vienna Hofoper and La Scala, Milan. Particularly admired by Verdi, she sang the role of Amelia in the premiere of the revised version of his, Simon Boccanegra. She also sang the roles of Ortrud and Venus in the London premiere of Wagner's Lohengrin and Tannhäuser. Additionally, she created the roles of Jefte in Ponchielli's Il figliuol prodigo and Maria in Gomes's Maria Tudor.
# Mater Dolorosa (Murillo)

The Mater Dolorosa is a painting of the Madonna by the Spanish artist Bartolomé Esteban Murillo. The work is in oils on canvas and was painted in 1665.
It is located in the Museo de Bellas Artes de Sevilla in Seville, Spain.
# Turkey at the World Athletics Championships

Turkey has competed in every World Championships in Athletics since the event's first edition in 1983.

## Medalists

| Medal | Name | Year | Event |
| Silver | Süreyya Ayhan | 2003 Saint-Denis | Women's 1500 metres |
| Silver | Karin Melis Mey | 2009 Berlin | Women's long jump |
| Gold | Ramil Guliyev | 2017 London | Men's 200 metres |
| Silver | Yasmani Copello | 2017 London | Men's 400 metres hurdles |
Source:

## Summary

| Championships | Athletes | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total | Rank |
| 1983 Helsinki | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – |
| 1987 Rome | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – |
| 1991 Tokyo | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – |
| 1993 Stuttgart | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – |
| 1995 Gothenburg | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – |
| 1997 Athens | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – |
| 1999 Seville | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – |
| 2001 Edmonton | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – |
| 2003 Paris | | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 31 |
| 2005 Helsinki | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – |
| 2007 Osaka | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – |
| 2009 Berlin | 12 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 25 |
| 2011 Daegu | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – |
| 2013 Moscow | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – |
| 2015 Beijing | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – |
| 2017 London | 12 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 11 |
| Total | Total | 1 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 55 |

## Doping disqualifications

| Athlete | Sex | Event | Year(s) | Result | Notes |
| Elvan Abeylegesse | Women | 5000 m10,000 m | 20072009 | 5th (5000 m, 2007) (10,000 m, 2007)DQ (10,000 m, 2009) | Disqualified at two editions |
| Alemitu Bekele Degfa | Women | 1500 m5000 m | 20092011 | 11th (1500 m heats, 2009)13th (5000 m, 2009)9th (5000 m heats, 2011) | Disqualified at two editions |
| Aslı Çakır Alptekin | Women | 1500 m | 2011 | 10th (semis) | |
| Bahar Doğan | Women | Marathon | 2011 | 36th | |
| Semiha Mutlu | Women | 20 kilometres walk | 2011 | DNF | |
| Pınar Saka | Women | 400 m4 × 400 m relay | 2011 | 6th (h) | Turkish relay team disqualified |
| Binnaz Uslu | Women | 3000 m steeplechase | 2011 | 7th | |
| Ümmü Kiraz | Women | Marathon | 2013 | DNF | |
# Ipswich TMD

Ipswich TMD is a traction maintenance depot located in Ipswich, Suffolk, England. The depot is situated on the Great Eastern Main Line and is near Ipswich station.
The depot code is IP.

## Allocation

As of 2016, the depot's allocation consists of Greater Anglia Class 321 EMUs.
# Mediorhynchus mattei

Mediorhynchus mattei is a species of acanthocephalan, a parasitic worm, found in the digestive tract of a bird, the northern red-billed hornbill Tockus erythrorhynchus. Male worms are 2-3 cm in length, females are 3-11 cm in length. It was described in 1982; its name honours French zoologist Xavier Mattei.

## Hosts and localities

The northern red-billed hornbill Tockus erythrorhynchus is the type-host of Mediorhynchus mattei. The parasite was described from specimens found in Senegal.
# Edgington v Fitzmaurice

Edgington v Fitzmaurice (1885) 29 Ch D 459 is an English contract law case, concerning misrepresentation. It holds that a statement of present intentions can count as an actionable misrepresentation and that a misrepresentation need not be the sole cause of entering a contract so long as it is an influence.

## Facts

Company directors sent shareholders a prospectus inviting subscriptions for debenture bonds. It said money would go to alter their buildings, buy horses, vans and expand into supplying fish. Really though, the purpose was to pay off liabilities, because the company was in trouble. Mistakenly believing he would get a first charge on company property, Mr Edgington bought bonds. If he was aware that he wouldn't get a charge, he wouldn't have done so. Mr Edgington sought to recover money for deceit.

## Judgment

The Court of Appeal upheld Denman J at first instance, saying that the directors were liable for deceit. Cotton LJ held that the statement of purpose was a fraudulent misrepresentation and Mr Edgington had relied on that despite his admission of mistake over charges. He said,
   It is true that if he had not supposed he would have a charge he would not have taken the debentures; but if he also relied on the misstatement in the prospectus, his loss nonetheless resulted from that misstatement. It is not necessary to show that the misstatement was the sole cause of his acting as he did. If he acted on that misstatement, though he was also influenced by an erroneous supposition, the defendants will still be liable...
   It was a statement of intention, but it is nevertheless a statement of fact, and if it could not be fairly said that the objects of the issue of the debentures were those which were stated in the prospectus the Defendants were stating a fact which was not true...
To fulfil the requirement that Mr Edgington relied on the statement, it is not necessary to show the misstatement was the sole cause of acting, so long as there was an influence.
Bowen LJ said ‘the state of a man’s mind is as much a fact as the state of his digestion... A misrepresentation as to the state of a man’s mind is, therefore, a misstatement of fact... such misstatement was material if it was actively present to his mind when he decided to advance his money.’
Fry LJ said the ‘inquiry is whether this statement materially affected the conduct of the Plaintiff in advancing his money.’ He pointed out the ‘prospectus was intended to influence the mind of the reader.’
# Moha, British Columbia

Moha is a rural locality located at the confluence of the Bridge and Yalakom Rivers, 30 km northwest of Lillooet, British Columbia, Canada. The name derives from that of a rock formation on the north (right) bank of the Yalakom River overlooking the confluence, meaning "land of plenty" and which was adopted as the name of the Moha Ranch, one of several small ranches and farms in the area, which is located on the benchland above the rock formation.
The surrounding rural neighbourhood, which includes land-holdings up the Yalakom River, and along the Bridge River from Michelmoon Creek in the Bridge River Canyon downstream to Antoine Creek, is known locally in the Lillooet Country region as Yalakom (as opposed to "the Yalakom", which refers to the basin and terrain of the Yalakom River and includes uninhabited areas far upstream from Moha/Yalakom).
# Alcea striata

Alcea striata, the desert hollyhock, is a tall hollyhock plant native between Turkey and Saudi Arabia. It is found in rocky limestone slopes, fields, roadsides, scrub, and deserts, in the elevations 0–1200 m (0–4000 ft). It can be found in Lebanon, Syria, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, Sinai, and Turkey.
# Johan Stenström

Johan Gunnar Stenström (born 23 August 1951) is a Swedish literary scholar. He works at Lund University as docent (since 2002) and as professor (since 2009).
Stenström grew up in Helsingborg. He studied at Malmö Academy of Music and later history of literature at Lund University. He has written books, among them Den svenska sångboken (1997, together with Anders Palm) and Med fantasins eld - Ingemar Leckius och bilden (2002).
# John Chichester (died 1586)

Sir John Chichester (died 31 March 1586) lord of the manor of Raleigh in the parish of Pilton, near Barnstaple, North Devon, was Sheriff of Devon in 1576/7 and/or in 1585 and died of gaol fever contracted whilst acting as a magistrate at the Lent Black Assizes of Exeter in 1586.

## Origins

John Chichester was the eldest son and heir of Sir John Chichester (1519/20-1569) of Raleigh, a leading member of the Devonshire gentry. His mother was Gertrude Courtenay, a daughter of Sir William Courtenay (1477–1535) of Powderham.
He had at least six brothers, three of whom became Governor of Carrickfergus: Sir John Chichester, junior, who was killed at the Battle of Carrickfergus (1597); Arthur Chichester, 1st Baron Chichester (1563–1624/5) who succeeded him; and Edward Chichester, 1st Viscount Chichester (1568–1648) of Eggesford, Devon, who became governor on Arthur's death.

## Marriage and children

John Chichester married Anne Dennis, the eldest daughter of Sir Robert Dennis (died 1592), of Holcombe Burnell, in Devon, by his wife Mary Blount who was one of the two daughters and co-heiresses of William Blount, 4th Baron Mountjoy (c. 1478–1534), KG, and a first cousin of Lady Jane Grey. Their children included:
* Sir Robert Chichester (1579–1627), eldest son and heir (whose kneeling effigy and monument survives in Pilton Church), father of Sir John Chichester, 1st Baronet (1626-1667).
* John Chichester (1605–1627), second son, died childless aged 22.
* Mary Chichester, eldest daughter, who married twice, firstly to Thomas Francis of Combe Florey in Somerset; secondly to John Smith of Tregonnacke in Cornwall.
* Gertrude Chichester, second daughter, wife of Amias Copleston (1581/2–1621) of Warleigh in the parish of Tamerton Foliot in Devon, and lord of the Manor of Copleston in Devon.
* Elizabeth Chichester (died 26 January 1656/7), third daughter, who married William Coryton (1580–1651). She was the mother of Sir John Coryton, 1st Baronet (1621–1680).

## Death

Chichester died in 1586 of gaol fever contracted whilst serving as a magistrate at the Lent Black Assizes of Exeter in 1586, which accounted for the deaths of many people, including several other prominent Devonshire magistrates and visiting circuit judges.