OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# ESL Investments

ESL Investments is a privately held hedge fund based in Greenwich, Connecticut.

## History

ESL Investments is managed by Edward Lampert, who founded it in April 1988 and named it after his initials. The firm invests in the American public equity and hedging markets. Managing the fund with a contrarian investing approach, Lampert is the company's chairman and chief executive officer, and William Crowley is its president and chief operating officer. ESL is fairly unusual as a hedge fund in that it takes large stakes in a small number of companies and holds them for many years. Most of ESL's portfolio consists of retail companies, particularly Kmart (now Transform SR Brands LLC), by far the company's largest holding (53.5% ownership as of June 2010). The revenue from Kmart plays a big part in helping ESL acquire other companies.
Lampert began trading in stocks at the investment bank Goldman Sachs during the 1980s. In 1988 Lampert founded ESL Investments with the backing of investor Richard E. Rainwater and initial outside investments worth $28 million.
It was reported in 2004 that from 1988 through 2004 the fund returns averaged 29% a year. His clients have included David Geffen (1988 - 2007), Michael Dell, the Tisch family (owners of Loews Corporation), and the Ziff family (owners of Ziff Davis) (1988 - 2013). In 2004, the fund made Lampert the first hedge fund manager ever to make more than $1 billion in a year, when the fund grew 69%, following his decision to buy Kmart and merge it with Sears. At the start of the financial crisis of 2007–2010, however, ESL's retail holdings were severely affected due to a drop in consumer spending, and the company's investment in Citigroup in September 2007 saw a significant drop in value since the fund made its investment. Through the fund, Lampert is worth approximately $2 billion. Lampert, who typically invests in undervalued stocks, is known to have modeled his investing style on Warren Buffett's style by analyzing his annual shareholder letters.

## Assets under management

| Year | AUM in Bil. USD$ |
| 1988 | .028 |
| 2003 | 5 |
| 2004 | 4 |
| 2005 | 10 |
| 2006 | 17.5 |
| 2011 | 10 |
| 2012 | 5 |
# Edgar Lissel

Edgar Lissel (born 1965 in Northeim, Germany) is a visual artist.
He studied photography at the University of Applied Sciences Darmstadt.
Since 1993 he has been working as a visual artist. In his interdisciplinary projects he searches for traces of the tension between natural science, archeology, arthistory and artistic work while examining pictorial processes and the ephemeral state of images.
In his early works Edgar Lissel has been using the camera obscura and converted a transporter into a mobile pinhole camera. With his works about the italian fascism and the German national socialism he has been invited to the Venice Architecture Biennale in 1996. His works "Räume“ are based around living quarters and museum displays which he converted into walk-in pinhole cameras. Simple optical principles combine the upside down scene outside the pinhole camera with the silhouettes of the objects inside the camera.
Since 1999, Edgar Lissel has been working with bacteria, using their phototropic properties to produce his images. The bacteria move out of the shadowed areas into the light. At the Domus Aurea (Rome) he collaborated with microbiologists from the University of Rome and archeologists of the Soprintendenza Roma in examining the decay of frescoes caused by contamination from a culture of bacteria. In his artistic realisation he used the same bacteria, which are destroying the “original” site, as active participants in a constructive image process. Since 2004 Edgar Lissel is using his skin flora for his artistic image production. By physical contact with a nutrient agar his body leaves traces in the form of bacterial colonies, which mirror the contours of his body.

## Publications

2008 “Vom Werden und Vergehen der Bilder - Edgar Lissel“, Publisher Schlebrügge Vienna, ISBN 978-3-85160-139-8
# Masciago Primo

Masciago Primo is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Varese in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 60 km northwest of Milan and about 12 km northwest of Varese. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 289 and an area of 1.9 km².
The municipality of Masciago Primo contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Località Mondada and Località Muniscione.
Masciago Primo borders the following municipalities: Bedero Valcuvia, Cunardo, Ferrera di Varese, Rancio Valcuvia.
# Asafpur, Mainpuri

Asafpur (Āsafpur) is a village in Sultanganj block of Mainpuri district, Uttar Pradesh. As of 2011, it had a population of 455, in 92 households.

## Demographics

As of 2011, Asafpur had a population of 455, in 92 households.$^{:167}$ This population was 51.6% male (235) and 48.4% female (220). The 0-6 age group numbered 53 (25 male and 28 female), or 11.6% of the total population. 126 residents were members of Scheduled Castes, or 27.7% of the total.$^{:124–5}$
The 1981 census recorded Asafpur as having a population of 328 people, in 60 households.$^{:166–7}$
The 1961 census recorded Asafpur as comprising 1 hamlet, with a total population of 243 people (139 male and 104 female), in 50 households and 38 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 306 acres.$^{:xciv}$

## Infrastructure

As of 2011, Asafpur had 1 middle school (but no primary or secondary schools); it did not have any healthcare facilities. Drinking water was provided by hand pump and tube well/borehole; there were no public toilets. The village did not have a post office or public library; there was at least some access to electricity for all purposes. Streets were made of both kachcha and pakka materials.$^{:167–72}$
# Vermont Sustainable Heating Initiative

Vermont Sustainable Heating Initiative (commonly referred to as VSHI) was a non-profit organization that worked to establish sustainability in the Vermont heating sector. The organization advocated biomass fuels (especially wood pellets) over fossil fuels. In order to promote sustainability and reduce the expense of home heating for impoverished Vermonters, VSHI installed pellet stoves in low-income houses at no cost. VSHI also advocated for the sustainable development of local biomass sources for fuel.

## History

In 2007 a group of students from Mount Abraham Union High School prepared a presentation on the subject of grass energy in Vermont. This presentation discussed both the environmental and economic impact that grass-derived biomass fuels would have on the Vermont economy. As of 2008 VSHI morphed from a loose coalition of students and educators to a state-registered nonprofit corporation.
In 2009 VSHI prepared a grant proposal in an attempt to obtain $30,000 to fund a feasibility study into solid biomass fuels. The proposal received support from a number of towns and was approved. As of 2010 VSHI has launched the Chittenden County Solid Biofuels Feasibility Study using the grant money in cooperation with the Chittenden County Regional Planning Comm. and The Biomass Energy Research Center.
In 2016, VSHI was formally dissolved.

## Pellet stoves

As part of its regular operations, VSHI works with LIHEAP recipients to place pellet stoves with low-income Vermont households. VSHI reviews applications from recipients in Addison, Chittenden, and Washington Counties and gives out pellet stoves in the fall accordingly. A over 20 pellet stoves have been given away to date. The cooperation with LIHEAP is currently run as a pilot project, but VSHI hopes to expand it in the future.
# Vesperae solennes de Dominica

Vesperae solennes de Dominica, K. 321, is a sacred choral composition, written by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in 1779. It is scored for SATB choir and soloists, violin I and II, 2 trumpets, 3 trombones colla parte, 2 timpani, and basso continuo (bassoon and organ).
It was composed in Salzburg at the request of the Archbishop Colloredo for liturgical use in the city's cathedral. The title "de Dominica" signifies its use in Sunday services. In 1780, Mozart composed another setting of Solemn Vespers, the Vesperae solennes de confessore, which shares many musical similarities with this work.

## Structure

The setting is divided into six movements, including five psalms and a setting of the Magnificat. A setting of the Minor Doxology (Gloria Patri) concludes all movements, each recapitulating the opening theme. The first three psalms are scored in a vigorous, exuberant manner, contrasting with the strict counterpoint of the a cappella Laudate pueri. The Laudate Dominum is set as an extended aria for the soprano soloist with obbligato organ, while the Magnificat opens with a majestic, moderate tempo, only to return to the bolder tempo of the first three psalms.
* Dixit Allegro vivace, C major,
* Confitebor Allegro, E minor, $^3$ $_4$
* Beatus vir Allegro, B♭ major,
* Laudate pueri F major,
* Laudate Dominum Allegro, A major, $^3$ $_4$
* Magnificat Adagio maestoso, C major,
    "Et exultavit" Allegro, C major,
# Anfeg

Anfeg is a small town and rural commune in Sidi Ifni Province of the Guelmim-Oued Noun region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 8093 people living in 1428 households.
# Colorado Pluck

Colorado Pluck is a lost 1921 drama film directed by Jules Furthman. The film is based on the novel The Taming of Angela by George Goodchild. It is not known whether the film currently survives.

## Plot

Newly wealthy Colorado Jim travels to London where he meets Angela Featherstone. The two get married despite Angela telling Jim that the marriage will be "in name only". Angela spends all of Jim's money not long after the wedding, causing the couple to move to Colorado. In Colorado, Jim clashes with Philip Meredith, who wants to steal Angela from him. After Jim is wounded, Angela realizes that she really loves Jim and decides to become more than just a wife "in name only".

## Cast

* William Russell as Colorado Jim
* Margaret Livingston as Angela Featherstone
* William Buckley as Reggie Featherstone
* George Fisher as Philip Meredith
* Helen Ware as Lady Featherstone
* Bertram Johns as Lord Featherstone
* Ray Berger as a Butler
# EWU

EWU may refer to:
* Ewu, a town in Nigeria
* East West University, a private university in Dhaka, Bangladesh
* East–West University, a private university in Chicago, Illinois, United States
* Eastern Washington University, a public university in Cheney, Washington, United States
* Edward Waters University a HBCU in Jacksonville, Florida
* Newtok Airport, in Alaska
* European Wrestling Union, defunct professional wrestling association, original sponsors of the European Heavyweight Championship
# Outlook Bridge

The Outlook Bridge is a Canadian traffic bridge that spans the South Saskatchewan River near Outlook, Saskatchewan and carries Saskatchewan Highway 15.
The bridge was built by the Saskatchewan Ministry of Transport at a cost of $11M, officially opened on October 8, 1998 by Judy Bradley.
# Emanuel von Friedrichsthal

Emanuel von Friedrichsthal (January 12, 1809 – March 3, 1842) was an Austrian traveler, daguerreotypist, botanist, and amateur archaeologist, who traveled through the Balkans and in Central America and documented his findings.

## Biography

Von Friedrichsthal was born in Uhřice in the Austrian Empire (present-day Czech Republic). He was educated in Vienna at the Theresian Military Academy and entered Austrian government service, but soon left to pursue scientific travels. He traveled through Rumelia in the 1830s, publishing his findings in two books: Reise in die südlichen Theile von Griechenland (Journey to the Southern Parts of Greece, 1838) and Serbiens Neuzeit in geschichtlicher, politischer, topographischer, statistischer und naturhistorischer Hinsicht (Modern Serbia in Historical, Political, Topographical, Statistical, and Natural-Historical Respects, 1840). These publications acquired for him in particular a reputation in botany for their descriptions of the flora of Greece and Serbia.
In 1840, he was posted as first secretary of the Austrian Legation to Mexico, where he became interested exploring the ruins of Maya civilization after reading the writings of John Lloyd Stephens and Frederick Catherwood. He discussed his plans with historian William H. Prescott during a trip to Boston, and bought a daguerreotype apparatus in New York City. He went to the Yucatán in mid-1840, and traveled throughout the Yucatán and Chiapas, becoming the first person to take daguerreotypes of the Mayan ruins, and the first European in the 19th century to visit the ruins of Chichen Itza.
He fell ill during his travels, probably with malaria, which necessitated his return to Europe in 1841, where he died in Vienna in 1842. This early death prevented him from publishing the results of his Central-American travels, but he had put on an exhibition of twenty-five daguerreotypes in New York, in the British Museum in London and in Paris, for which he was honored by the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres.
# Asafotu

Asafotu Festival is celebrated by the Ga-Adangbe people of Ghana and Togo. The Ada/Dangbe East people celebrate Asafotu which is also called 'Asafotufiam', an annual warrior's festival celebrated by Ga-Dangbe people from the last Thursday of July to the first weekend of August. It commemorates the victories of the warriors in battle, fought by their ancestor which were all won, those who fell on the battlefield. To re-enact these historic events, the warrior dresses in traditional battle dress and stage a mock battle. This is also a time when the young men are introduced to warfare to become warriors.
The festival also ushers in the harvest cycle for this special customs and ceremonies are performed. These include purification ceremonies. The celebration reaches its climax in a durbar of chiefs, a colourful procession of the Chiefs in palanquins with their retinue. They are accompanied by traditional military groups called 'Asafo Companies' amidst drumming, singing and dancing through the streets and on the durbar grounds. At the durbar, greetings are exchanged between the chiefs, libations are poured and declarations of allegiance made.
# Nünchritz

Nünchritz is a municipality in the district of Meißen, in Saxony, Germany.

## Municipality subdivisions

Nünchritz includes the following subdivisions:
* Diesbar-Seußlitz
* Goltzscha
* Grödel
* Leckwitz
* Merschwitz
* Naundörfchen
* Neuseußlitz
* Roda
* Weißig
* Zschaiten
# Brynmor

Brynmor is a given name. Notable people with the name include:
* David Brynmor Anthony (1886–1966), teacher and academic administrator
* Brynmor John (1934–1988), British Labour politician
* David Brynmor Jones (1851–1921), Welsh barrister and politician
* Keith Brynmor Jones (born 1944), Church of England priest
* Brynmor Williams (born 1951), Welsh rugby union player
# Colpotrochia

Colpotrochia is a genus of ichneumon wasps in the family Ichneumonidae. There are at least 61 described species in Colpotrochia.
# Ophir Township, LaSalle County, Illinois

Ophir Township is located in LaSalle County, Illinois. As of the 2010 census, its population was 508 and it contained 201 housing units. Ophir Township was originally named Fremont Township, but was renamed in May, 1850.

## Geography

According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 33.97 square miles (88.0 km$^2$), of which 33.95 square miles (87.9 km$^2$) (or 99.94%) is land and 0.02 square miles (0.052 km$^2$) (or 0.06%) is water.
# Outlook festival

Outlook Festival is a musical event, started as a subsidiary of Leeds event SubDub, hosting all kinds of bass music. Previously, the festival was held just outside the city of Pula, Croatia, before relocating to Tisno, Croatia in 2020. Although held in Croatia, many of the attendees come from the United Kingdom as do much of the team involved in organizing the festival, however there is a large global following for the festival.
Previously held in Fort Punta Christo and the surrounding beaches, the festival is unique in its setting, with sound systems and stages being erected in various tunnels and even the moat of the abandoned ruins.
The festival also plays host to a number of boat parties which feature artists from the festival and sail around the Adriatic coastline playing more individual selections of music than other stages around the festival.
The 2011 edition of the festival saw an increase of almost double the capacity and the introduction of a number of new stages. This led to mixed reviews from attendees of the previous festival, some of whom preferred the more intimate setting, however the larger audience allowed festival organisers to book some relatively exclusive artists who perhaps may not have been within the budget otherwise.
Past performers include Skream, Benga, Digital Mystikz, Johnny Clarke, Pharoahe Monch, Horace Andy, David Rodigan, Jamie xx, Shy FX, Friction, Dawn Penn, Iration Steppas, P Money, Plastician, Phi Life Cypher, Phaeleh, Channel One, Eksman, Gentleman's Dub Club, Congo Natty, Jehst, Foreign Beggars, D Double E, Loyle Carner and Boiler Room (music broadcaster).
The UK Festival Awards gave Outlook the title of ‘Best Overseas Festival’ in 2011.
# Emanuele Tovo

Emanuele Tovo (Turin, 19th century) was an Italian painter, mainly a prolific creator of portrait miniatures for the House of Savoy, but also of larger portraits and landscapes.

## Biography

He was born and resided in Turin. He completed portraits, in miniature on ivory, of Vittorio Emanuele II, King Umberto I, Queen Margherita, Princess Elisabetta, the Duchess of Genoa and the Prince of Naples. Other works in miniature on ivory are L' Aurora, Zefiro e Flora and Dio Pane e Ninfe, exhibited in Turin. Among his paintings are two landscapes depicting Alpine regions and another titled Una mosca ed una formica. He is likely related to the painter Petronilla Tovo .
# Vexillum bicatenatum

Vexillum bicatenatum is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk, in the family Costellariidae, the ribbed miters.

## Distribution

Fossils of this marine species were found in Oligocene strata in Indonesia.
# César Roux

César Roux (23 March 1857, in Mont-la-Ville – 21 December 1934, in Lausanne) was a Swiss surgeon, who described the Roux-en-Y procedure.
He studied medicine at the University of Bern, where his influences included Christoph Theodor Aeby and Theodor Langhans. Following graduation in 1880, he remained in Bern as an assistant to Theodor Kocher. In 1887 he became chief of both surgical departments at the cantonal hospital in Lausanne.
In 1885 he was named an associate professor of forensic medicine at the Academy of Lausanne, and when the academy achieved university status in 1890, he was appointed director of the surgical clinic at the faculty of medicine.
In 1926, Roux performed the first successful surgical removal of a pheochromocytoma.
# Variimorda inomatai

Variimorda inomatai is a species of tumbling flower beetles in the subfamily Mordellinae of the family Mordellidae.
# Waldsteinia ternata

Waldsteinia ternata, commonly referred to as barren strawberry, is an herbaceous perennial plant. It has a disjunct distribution, being native to Eastern Europe and Eastern Asia, namely the Changbai Mountains of China, Sakhalin and Siberia in Russia, and Japan.
Both the leaves and the flowers of W. ternara are reminiscent of strawberry. The leaves are trifoliate (hence the specific epithet), arranged in rosettes, glossy, and evergreen in climates with mild winters. The yellow, five-petaled flowers appear in late spring or early summer. The fruit is an inedible berry. The plant usually grows 4 inches (10 cm) to 6 inches (15 cm) tall and forms a thick foliage carpet by spreading via stolons and rhizomes. The spread is slow and thus not seen as aggressive.
W. ternata has been cultivated since at least 1803. The cultivated plants are, for the most part, based on W. ternata subsp. trifolia. Undemanding of soil conditions, W. ternata is used in landscape and garden design as a groundcover or as an edger for the herbaceous border. As it can grow in either sun or dappled shade, it is considered appropriate for shade gardens. Neither pests nor diseases pose significant problems. The 'Kronstadt' cultivar has enlarged flowers, while 'Variegata' has variegated leaves.
# Oubeid Allah Hlal

Oubeid Allah Hlal or Oubeid, born May 26, 1990 in Rabat, is a Moroccan comedian, content creator, producer and cardiologist. He is a member of the comedian duo Les inqualifiables

## Biography

Originally from a family from Beni Znassen (Oujda), he succeeded in obtaining his baccalaureate in 2008. He, then, decided to study medicine at Mohamed V University in Rabat. In 2021, he obtained his specialty diploma in cardiology.
Oubeid Allah Hlal also has an inter-university diploma in prevention, cardiac rehabilitation and therapeutic education from the University of Tours, an inter-university diploma in cardiac ultrasound from the Faculty of Medicine of Bordeaux and a university diploma in multi-modality cardiovascular imaging from the Paris Diderot University.

## Career

From a young age, he shared with his childhood friend Amine Belghazi the dream of going on stage and making people laugh.
The school where Amine studied has decided to organize a show for young talents and offers to grant a passage of 15 minutes. Amine and Oubeid then put together a show in two days and received positive feedback.
In 2014, they decided to form a comedian duo called “Les inqualifiables”. Qui-es tu? was their first show.
Oubeid shares, since 2017, informative content with his social media followers. During the COVID-19 pandemic, he published a viral video showing the extent of the effects of the virus and encouraging citizens to respect health measures.

## Shiha Labass

During Ramadan 2023, Oubeid Allah Hlal hosts "Shiha Labass", a TV program broadcast daily on Al Aoula. The program deals with health topics in a fun way, while giving important information on diseases and means of prevention. Oubeid Allah Hlal uses humor as an effective means of conveying messages to Moroccan audiences, and viewers appreciate this original and entertaining approach
In a statement given to SNRTnews, Oubeid Hlal said: "I presented my capsule project to the Al Aoula channel because I wanted my content to reach all Moroccans. I was surprised by the positive feedback from the from those in charge of the projects within the National Radio and Television Company. Through "Shiha Labass", I wanted to present a different image than that of a cardiologist. I consider this project as a dream that I live with love, and I hope the public will warmly accept it when it airs during the holy month of Ramadan."
The show is a great success, exceeding 4 million views for each episode.