# GrassMaster

GrassMaster is a hybrid grass sports playing field surface composed of natural grass combined with artificial fibres. The method was developed and patented by Desso Sports from the Netherlands in 1993. This hybrid grass system is now marketed and further developed by Tarkett Sports after a takeover of Desso Sports and has since been re-branded as GrassMaster.

## Technology

GrassMaster reinforces a natural grass pitch by vertically inserting 20 million polypropylene (PP) fibres into the soil equally spread over the entire playing field. The 20 cm (7.9 in) long PP fibres are injected by computer-controlled machines, 18 cm (7.1 in) deep so 2 cm (0.8 in) remains above the surface. The PP fibres are inserted in a grid of about 2 cm × 2 cm (0.8 in × 0.8 in). The grass roots entwine with the fibres and grow deeper and wider. The PP fibres above the surface are designed to ensure an even and stable surface. GrassMaster may be installed before seeding, after seeding or on grass sods.

## Major installations

| Stadium | Club | Sport | Country |
| Ashton Gate Stadium | Bristol City and Bristol Bears | Association football and rugby union | England |
| Prenton Park | Tranmere Rovers F.C. | Association football | England |
| Villa Park | Aston Villa | Association football | England |
| St James’ Park | Newcastle United | Association football | England |
| Stamford Bridge | Chelsea | Association football | England |
| Elland Road | Leeds United | Association football | England |
| Hillsborough | Sheffield Wednesday | Association football | England |
| Camp Nou | FC Barcelona | Association football | Spain |
| Luminus Arena | KRC Genk | Association football | Belgium |
| San Siro | Inter Milan and AC Milan | Association football | Italy |
| Stade Marcel Picot | AS Nancy | Association football | France |
| King Abdullah Sports City | Ittihad FC and Al-Ahli Saudi FC | Association football | Saudi Arabia |
| Mapei Stadium | US Sassuolo Calcio | Association football | Italy |
| Goodison Park | Everton | Association football | England |
| Stade Marcel-Michelin | ASM Clermont Auvergne | Rugby union | France |
| CNFE Clairefontaine | French Football Federation | Association football | France |
| Anfield | Liverpool | Association football | England |
| Selhurst Park | Crystal Palace | Association football | England |
| Carrow Road | Norwich City | Association football | England |
| Parc des Princes | Paris Saint-Germain | Association football | France |
| Stade de Roudourou | En Avant Guingamp | Association football | France |
| Stade Louis II | AS Monaco | Association football | Monaco |
| Stade Océane | Le Havre | Association football | France |
| Stade de France | France | Association football and other events | France |
| Stade Francis-Le Blé | Stade Brestois 29 | Association football | France |
| Stade Auguste-Delaune | Stade de Reims | Association football | France |
| Estádio Parque São Jorge | Corinthians | Association football | Brazil |
| Neo Química Arena | Corinthians | Association football | Brazil |
| Arena do Grêmio | Grêmio | Association football | Brazil |
| King Power Stadium | Leicester City | Association football | England |
| Twickenham Stadium | Rugby Football Union | Rugby union | England |
| Emirates Stadium | Arsenal | Association football | England |
| Kirklees Stadium | Huddersfield Town and Huddersfield Giants | Association football and rugby league | England |
| Celtic Park | Celtic | Association football | Scotland |
| Leigh Sports Village | Leigh | Rugby league | England |
| City of Manchester Stadium | Manchester City | Association football | England |
| Old Trafford | Manchester United | Association football | England |
| Trafford Training Centre | Manchester United | Association football | England |
| Adams Park | Wycombe Wanderers (and formerly Wasps) | Association football (and formerly rugby union) | England |
| Vicarage Road | Watford (and formerly Saracens) | Association football (and formerly rugby union) | England |
| Wembley Stadium | England | Association football and other events | England |
| Aviva Stadium | Ireland national rugby union team and Republic of Ireland national football team | Rugby union and association football | Ireland |
| Stadion Galgenwaard | Utrecht | Association football | Netherlands |
| Euroborg | FC Groningen | Association football | Netherlands |
| AFAS Stadion | AZ Alkmaar | Association football | Netherlands |
| Sportpark De Toekomst | AFC Ajax | Association football | Netherlands |
| Forsyth Barr Stadium | Highlanders | Rugby union | New Zealand |
| Lerkendal Stadion | Rosenborg | Association football | Norway |
| Arena Khimki | Khimki | Association football | Russia |
| Mbombela Stadium | 2010 FIFA World Cup South Africa | Association football | South Africa |
| Peter Mokaba Stadium | 2010 FIFA World Cup South Africa | Association football | South Africa |
| Nelson Mandela Bay Stadium | 2010 FIFA World Cup South Africa and South Africa Sevens | Association football and rugby sevens | South Africa |
| Lincoln Financial Field | Philadelphia Eagles | American football | United States |
| Lambeau Field | Green Bay Packers | American football | United States |
| Liberty Stadium | Swansea City and Ospreys | Association football and rugby union | Wales |
| Millennium Stadium | Welsh Rugby Union | Rugby union (also Welsh international association football) | Wales |
| Cardiff City Stadium | Cardiff City (and formerly Cardiff Blues) | Association football (and formerly rugby union) | Wales |
| National Stadium, Singapore | Singapore national football team | Rugby union and association football | Singapore |
| Rodney Parade | Dragons Newport County Newport RFC | Rugby union and association football | Wales |
| Volkswagen Arena | VfL Wolfsburg | Association football | Germany |
| Metalist Stadium | Metalist Kharkiv | Association football | Ukraine |
| Donbass Arena | Shakhtar Donetsk | Association football | Ukraine |
| Central City Stadium | National Team of Kazakhstan | Association football | Kazakhstan |
| Murrayfield Stadium | Edinburgh Rugby and Scotland | Rugby union | Scotland |
| Stadio Marc'Antonio Bentegodi | Hellas Verona and Chievo Verona | Association football | Italy |
| Lokomotiv Stadium | FC Lokomotiv Moscow | Association football | Russia |
| Kazan Arena | FC Rubin Kazan | Association football | Russia |
| Estadio de la Cerámica | Villareal CF | Association football | Spain |
| Melbourne City Football Academy | Melbourne City FC | Association football | Australia |
| Ooredoo Training Centre | Paris Saint-Germain | Association football | France |
| St Georges Park | National Football Centre FA | Association football | England |
| Bramall Lane | Sheffield United | Association football | England |
| Imam Reza Stadium | Padideh F.C. | Association football | Iran |
| Cairo International Stadium | Egyptian national football team and Zamalek | Association football | Egypt |
| El Sekka El Hadid Stadium | El Sekka El Hadid SC | Association football | Egypt |
| Tottenham Hotspur Stadium | Tottenham Hotspur | Association football | England |
| Misr Stadium | Egypt national football team | Association football | Egypt |
| Vodafone Park | Beşiktaş J.K. | Association football | Turkey |
| Bashundhara Kings Arena | Bashundhara Kings | Association football | Bangladesh |
| Darius and Girėnas Stadium | FK Kauno Žalgiris Lithuania national football team | Association football | Lithuania |
| Brisbane Road | Leyton Orient | Association football | England |
| The Valley | Charlton Athletic | Association football | England |