OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Col. Gideon Morgan House

The Col. Gideon Morgan House is a historic house in Kingston, Tennessee.

## Description and history

The 2+1⁄2-story house was built from 1810 to 1813. It was designed in the Federal architectural style. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since January 27, 1983.
# Burning Bush Triptych

The Burning Bush Triptych is a 1475-1476 oil on panel triptych by Nicolas Froment in Aix Cathedral.
Weighing half a ton, René of Anjou commissioned it in 1476 for the tomb designed for his entrails. It originally stood on the altarpiece in the Grands-Carmes convent, destroyed in 1792 during the French Revolution, when it was moved to Aix Cathedral in 1808. After a restoration it was reinstalled in the cathedral's Saint-Lazare chapel late in January 2011.

## Description
### Outer panels

A trompe-l’œil grisaille on its outer panels shows the Annunciation, with Gabriel and Mary's words inscribed on scrolls in the centre and Gabriel holding an olive branch with twelve olives, a symbol of peace. Opened, the left panel shows René wearing his coats of arms (Hungary, Sicily, Anjou and Aragon), kneeling and wearing the habit of the canons of the Abbey of St Victor. Around him are his patron saints Mary Magdalene, Anthony the Great and Maurice carrying the banner of the Ordre du Croissant, founded by René. Facing him on the right hand panel is his wife Jeanne de Laval, kneeling before her prayer book and backed by John the Apostle, Catherine of Alexandria and Nicholas of Myra.

### Central panel

This shows the Madonna and Child on the Burning Bush from the Book of Exodus, with Moses in the right foreground looking at the vision. The town in the right background evokes Avignon, whilst the castle on the left may be René's château de Saumur in Anjou. The scene is full of symbols, including the ewes, vegetation, gestures, mirror, clothes, rising sun, river, beasts and colours, along with the rock (a biblical image of God) out of which the bush's twelve fig branches grow. The medallion on the angel's chest shows Adam and Eve, whose original sin was redeemed due to Mary's bearing of Christ.
A painted frame around the central panel shows the twelve Kings of Judah, with an inscription on the base of the frame which translates as "In the bush which Moses saw burning without being consumed, we recognised, Holy Mother of God, your virginity wondrously preserved". At its top is another inscription which translates as "Whoever finds me will find life and draw salvation from the bosom of God", a free translation of Proverbs 8: 35 alluding to the believers saved by their faith.
# Decision-to-decision path

A decision-to-decision path, or DD-path, is a path of execution (usually through a flow graph representing a program, such as a flow chart) between two decisions. More recent versions of the concept also include the decisions themselves in their own DD-paths.

## Definition

In Huang's 1975 paper, a decision-to-decision path is defined as path in a program's flowchart such that all the following hold (quoting from the paper):
* its first constituent edge emanates either from an entry node or a decision box;
* its last constituent edge terminates either at a decision box or at an exit node; and
* there are no decision boxes on the path except those at both ends
Jorgensen's more recent textbooks restate it in terms of a program's flow graph (called a "program graph" in that textbook). First define some preliminary notions: chain and a maximal chain. A chain is defined as a path in which:
* initial and terminal nodes are distinct, and
* all interior nodes have in-degree = 1 and out-degree = 1.
A maximal chain is a chain that is not part of a bigger chain.
A DD-path is a set of nodes in a program graph such that one of the following holds (quoting and keeping Jorgensen's numbering, with comments added in parentheses):
* It consists of a single node with in-degree = 0 (initial node)
* It consists of a single node with out-degree = 0 (terminal node)
* It consists of a single node with in-degree ≥ 2 or out-degree ≥ 2 (decision/merge points)
* It consists of a single node with in-degree = 1 and out-degree = 1
* It is a maximal chain of length ≥ 1.
According to Jorgensen (2013), in Great Britain and ISTQB literature, the same notion is called linear code sequence and jump (LCSAJ).

## Properties

From the latter definition (of Jorgensen) we can conclude the following:
* Every node on a flow graph of a program belongs to one DD-path.
* If the first node on a DD-path is traversed, then all other nodes on that path will also be traversed.
* The DD path graph is used to find independent path for testing.
* Every statement in the program has been executed at least once.

## DD-path testing

According to Jorgensen's 2013 textbook, DD-path testing is the best known code-based testing method, incorporated in numerous commercial tools.
DD-path testing is also called C2 testing or branch coverage.
# Ralph Knott

Ralph Knott FRIBA (3 May 1878 – 25 January 1929) was a British architect. He was responsible for building the massive six-storey "Edwardian Baroque" style County Hall building for the London County Council.

## Biography

Ralph Knott was born in Chelsea, London, on 3 May 1878, the youngest son of Samuel Knott, a tailor, and his wife, Elizabeth (née White), from Dorset. After attending the City of London School he was articled to Woodd and Ainslie, architects. He was taught etching by Frank Brangwyn at the Architectural Association and when his articles were finished, joined Sir Aston Webb, in whose office he remained for eight years. Webb was a keen participant in architectural competitions and Knott's etching skill was valued in winning them. He drew the etchings which enabled Webb to win the competition for the Queen Victoria memorial outside Buckingham Palace, also working on the designs of Admiralty Arch and the Victoria and Albert Museum.
In 1908 Knott and E. Stone Collins set up their own practice as Knott and Collins, architects. The first substantial commission they applied for was for offices for the London County Council. Despite many very well known names entering, Knott won at the age of 29. Designs for the construction were brought to life by the architect and perspectivist Alick Horsnell. His design was altered significantly before construction began, including the familiar semicircular terrace being moved from the land to the river-side of the building. Construction was held up by the First World War, during which Knott worked on designs for Royal Air Force bases, and partially completed in 1922 (except for the northern third). In June 1921 he was elected a fellow of the Royal Institute of British Architects.
In the years before World War I Knott's work included the design and erection of mansions in the Westminster and Chelsea districts of London. In 1917 Knott was the designer of the Daily Mail £200 cottage, a distinct departure from the more elaborate architecture for which he was known.
After the opening of the London County Hall, at the southern end of Westminster Bridge, Knott built other notable buildings, including two departmental office blocks at Stormont near Belfast. In 1925 he designed the pavilion at the City of London School's new athletics grounds in Grove Park. The building was a memorial to the alumni of the school who had perished in the First World War, and he donated his services free of charge. He had begun the work on the last part of County Hall in 1928 but it remained uncompleted at his death.
In 1919 Knott married Ada (née Brown), widow of Sidney James Longden. They had no children. He died suddenly at his Mortlake home in January 1929, aged 50. A bronze plaque to his memory at County Hall was unveiled by the Chairman of the London County Council in June 1932.
# Operation Dawn 9

Operation Dawn 9 (Persian: عملیات والفجر 9) was a military operation during the Iran-Iraq War. It was launched on 24 February 1986 on the eastern area of Sulaymaniyah at the front of "northwest", which was performed by the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps.
The mentioned operation was commenced on 24 o'clock with the code of "Ya Allah" (Persian: یاالله). The goal of "operation dawn-9" was to approach the city of Sulaymaniyah in Iraq, and likewise fighting the gathering of Iraqi forces in Faw. The Iranian government claimed that more than 2,500 soldiers were killed/injured with 1,634 casualties for Iraqi army. The Iranian government claimed that Iran's forces captured several areas from Iraqis, including a few border checkpoints from the heights Kana, Sholeh-Kooran, Tange-Soor, MooBara, Makhlan, Kani-Maran, Sarv, heights 1470 and 1489.
On 23 April 1986 Iran took advantage of the bad weather to launch the second phase of Operation Dawn 9, and overran the Iraqi battalions guarding the Rawanduz sector. This was accelerated by a rear attack by hordes of Peshmerga from the mountains. On 15 May 1,000 Peshmerga troops backed by Iranian paratroopers took hold of Mangesh. Baghdad dispatched an armored brigade, a mountain brigade, and a special forces brigade supported by attack helicopters, which eventually recaptured Mangesh. Iraqi authorities doubled the amount of Popular Army troops in the region and armed Arab volunteer farmers to patrol the sector. On 20 May the Iranians, still getting nowhere outside Rawanduz, ended Operation Dawn 9.
# 1986 Araluen by-election

A by-election for the seat of Araluen in the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly was held on 19 April 1986. The by-election was triggered by the resignation of Country Liberal Party (CLP) member Jim Robertson, a former Cabinet Minister. The seat and its predecessor Gillen had been held by Robertson since its creation in 1974.
The CLP selected Eric Poole, Chairman of the Northern Territory Tourism Commission. The Labor candidate was Di Shanahan.

## Results

Araluen by-election, 1986 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Country Liberal | Eric Poole | 869 | 56.9 | −4.8 |
| | Labor | Di Shanahan | 658 | 43.1 | +25.2 |
| Total formal votes | Total formal votes | Total formal votes | 1,527 | 95.7 | −2.9 |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 69 | 4.3 | +2.9 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 1,596 | 66.0 | −23.1 |
| | Country Liberal hold | Country Liberal hold | Swing | N/A | |
# Attempted assassination of Asari Giichi

On 8 March 1974, a 22-year-old ethnically Japanese man from Hiroshima named Yagi Tatsumi entered the office of Asari Giichi (浅利義市), the also-Japanese mayor of Shiraoi, Hokkaido, and stabbed him in the neck. The attempted assassination was performed, according to the statement Tatsumi read before the stabbing, to protest the exploitation and commodification of the Ainu people of Hokkaido. The incident was a part of a string of anti-Japanese violent actions performed by pro-Ainu groups such as the East Asia Anti-Japan Armed Front.

## Background

The rise of 1960s counterculture around the world kicked off an increasing movement for Ainu rights within both Ainu and non-Ainu communities. The Ainu rights movement mostly involved organized protest and the defacement of monuments. However, the movement also involved multiple instances of serious violence, such as the Bombing of the Fusetsu no Gunzo and Institute of Northern Cultures in 1972. Although most of these incidents, while connected to the Ainu, were not perpetrated by Ainu, they brought increasing tension and attention to the "Ainu problem".
The town of Shiraoi, Hokkaido had been a popular destination for cultural tourism throughout the 20th century. Multiple locals had complained about the commodification of Ainu for tourism purposes – one described it as "heartbreaking to see these 'tourist Ainu' who had been robbed of their own subjectivity". Tatsumi, the perpetrator of the stabbing, claimed that these "tourist Ainu" were being exploited – they made and sold cultural artifacts, but were paid low wages, the money made instead going to ethnic Japanese.

## Aftermath

The attempted assassination failed, and Giichi survived. However, acts of violence continued, with a similarly-intentioned arson attack in September 1974 in Shiraoi. In more reformist politics, the Hokkaido Utari Association was formed in the mid-1970s to address the problem of the commodification of Ainu culture that Giichi was attacked for. The Ainu were turned against the continuing violence by ethnic Japanese, leading to a paradigm shift among Ainu towards Ainu tourist centers. The string of violence kicked off Ainu studies of Ainu culture and the transformation of Ainu tourist centers into places where Ainu culture and identity is protected and a forum is created for Ainu from around Hokkaido.
# 2013 Hall of Fame Tennis Championships

The 2013 Hall of Fame Tennis Championships was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts. It was the 38th edition of the Hall of Fame Tennis Championships, and was part of the ATP World Tour 250 series of the 2013 ATP World Tour. It took place at the International Tennis Hall of Fame in Newport, Rhode Island, United States, from July 8 through July 14, 2013. Unseeded Nicolas Mahut, who received a wildcard for the main draw, won the singles title.

## Singles main draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| USA | Sam Querrey | 19 | 1 |
| USA | John Isner | 21 | 2 |
| NED | Igor Sijsling | 64 | 3 |
| AUS | Lleyton Hewitt | 70 | 4 |
| FRA | Édouard Roger-Vasselin | 71 | 5 |
| AUS | Marinko Matosevic | 72 | 6 |
| FRA | Kenny de Schepper | 80 | 7 |
| USA | Rajeev Ram | 86 | 8 |
* $^1$ Seedings are based on the rankings of June 24, 2013

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Prakash Amritraj
* Stefan Kozlov
* Nicolas Mahut
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Adrien Bossel
* Jan Hernych
* Alex Kuznetsov
* Ante Pavić

### Withdrawals
#### Before the tournament

* Brian Baker
* Federico Delbonis

### Retirements

* Marinko Matosevic (food poisoning)

## Doubles main draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| MEX | Santiago González | USA | Scott Lipsky | 45 | 1 |
| FRA | Nicolas Mahut | FRA | Édouard Roger-Vasselin | 76 | 2 |
| USA | James Blake | USA | Rajeev Ram | 140 | 3 |
| BRA | Marcelo Demoliner | BRA | André Sá | 144 | 4 |
* Rankings are as of June 24, 2013

### Other entrants

The following pairs received wildcards into the doubles main draw:
* Prakash Amritraj / Sam Querrey
* Chris Harrison / Ryan Harrison
The following pair received entry as alternates:
* Eduardo Gil / Krasimir Kolev

### Withdrawals
#### Before the tournament

* Ryan Harrison (back injury)

#### During the tournament

* Sam Querrey (elbow injury)

## Finals
### Singles

* Nicolas Mahut defeated Lleyton Hewitt, 5–7, 7–5, 6–3

### Doubles

* Nicolas Mahut / Édouard Roger-Vasselin defeated Tim Smyczek / Rhyne Williams, 6–7$^{(4–7)}$, 6–2, [10–5]
# Dead stock

Dead stock may refer to:
* Vintage clothing § Deadstock
* Inventory § Distressed inventory
* Dead Stock, 2011 album by SID
# 2013 New Haven Open at Yale

The 2013 New Haven Open at Yale was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 45th edition of the New Haven Open at Yale, and part of the Premier Series of the 2013 WTA Tour. It took place at the Cullman-Heyman Tennis Center in New Haven, Connecticut, United States, from August 16 through August 24. It was the last event on the 2013 US Open Series before the 2013 US Open.

## Singles main-draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Ranking* | Seed |
| ITA | Sara Errani | 6 | 1 |
| GER | Angelique Kerber | 8 | 2 |
| CZE | Petra Kvitová | 9 | 3 |
| DEN | Caroline Wozniacki | 10 | 4 |
| ITA | Roberta Vinci | 12 | 5 |
| USA | Sloane Stephens | 17 | 6 |
| GER | Sabine Lisicki | 18 | 7 |
| SVK | Dominika Cibulková | 19 | 8 |
* Rankings are as of August 12, 2013

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Julia Görges
* Daniela Hantuchová
* Sloane Stephens
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Karin Knapp
* Ayumi Morita
* Monica Puig
* Alison Riske
* Anna Karolína Schmiedlová
* Stefanie Vögele
The following players received entry from a lucky loser spot:
* Elina Svitolina
* Annika Beck

### Withdrawals
#### Before the tournament

* Marion Bartoli (retirement from tennis)
* Magdaléna Rybáriková (lower-back injury)
* Urszula Radwańska (viral illness)

### Retirements

* Sorana Cîrstea (abdominal injury)
* Ayumi Morita (low-back injury)
* Peng Shuai (dizziness)

## Doubles main-draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Country | Player | Rank* | Seed |
| TPE | Hsieh Su-wei | CHN | Peng Shuai | 19 | 1 |
| ESP | Anabel Medina Garrigues | SLO | Katarina Srebotnik | 31 | 2 |
| IND | Sania Mirza | CHN | Zheng Jie | 39 | 3 |
| USA | Liezel Huber | ESP | Nuria Llagostera Vives | 39 | 4 |
* Rankings are as of August 12, 2013

### Other entrants

The following pair received a wildcard into the doubles main draw:
* Daniela Hantuchová / Martina Hingis

## Finals
### Singles

Simona Halep defeated Petra Kvitová, 6–2, 6–2.

### Doubles

Sania Mirza / Zheng Jie defeated Anabel Medina Garrigues / Katarina Srebotnik, 6–3, 6–4
# Supreme Court of Cyprus

The Supreme Court of Cyprus (Greek: Ανώτατο Δικαστήριο Κύπρου, romanized: Anótato Dikastírio Kýprou) is the highest court of the Republic of Cyprus. It was established in 1964 from a merger of the Supreme Constitutional Court and the High Court.
The Supreme Court is responsible both for examining whether the laws of the Republic can be justified by the situation and whether or not they violate human rights and for acting as an Appeal Court. It also acts as an admiralty and administrative court and can also rule on electoral issues. It is based in Nicosia and is composed of 7 judges, one of whom acts as the court president. Supreme Court Judges are appointed by the President of the Republic on the recommendation of the Supreme Court and retire at the age of 68.
Due to the constitutional crisis of 1963 and the Turkish invasion of 1974, the judicial system deviates from the system set forth in the Constitution. The Supreme Court has absorbed the responsibilities of the Constitutional Supreme Court and the High Court and therefore acts as the ultimate authority in civil, criminal, administrative, and constitutional matters. This allows the court to rule on both the constitutionality of the law, with individual constitutional complaints and with appeals from lower courts.
The Republic of Cyprus became an independent sovereign republic with a presidential system on August 16, 1960. Before 1960, Cyprus was considered a Crown colony of the United Kingdom and was governed by English common law. As an independent republic, Cyprus drafted a new constitution and ordered the Supreme Court to adopt English case law. However, the Supreme Court rejected this request and, in 1962, adopted the position that English case law did not have binding authority. Instead, the court ruled that it would follow English case law as it "be suitable for Cyprus."
# Plain Dealing High School

Plain Dealing High School, formerly Plain Dealing Middle/High School and Louisiana New Tech at Plain Dealing, is public school in Plain Dealing, Louisiana, United States. It is a part of Bossier Parish Schools.
It covers grades Pre-Kindergarten through 12.

## History

The cornerstone of the school building was laid at the site of the original wooden building on December 19, 1888. At the time, PDHS was known as Pioneer High School. The school would not take on the name "Plain Dealing High School" until around 1902. The school graduated its first official class in 1908, the centennial of which was celebrated in May 1988. The school's first brick structure was erected in 1921.
The school's first principal, Joseph E. Johnston, was the great-grandfather of former Louisiana Senator J. Bennett Johnston.
The school yearbook, Au Roarer, has been published annually since 1948.
During Jim Crow segregation of public schools, black educator Carrie Martin established a school for black students off Highway 3 south of downtown Plain Dealing, which would eventually be named for her. Following desegregation of Louisiana public schools in 1970, Carrie Martin School would be combined with Plain Dealing High School, with PDHS retaining its campus, school colors, and mascot. Carrie Martin School would become Plain Dealing Elementary School until it was renamed for Martin in 2003.
In 2009, the Bossier Parish School Board voted to alter the school's academic format and changed the school's name to "Louisiana New Tech at Plain Dealing."
In 2017 the district announced that it will merge Martin Elementary into Plain Dealing High, and stop using the former elementary facility.

## Athletics

The Plain Dealing Lions compete in District 1-1A of the Louisiana High School Athletic Association.
* Football
* Basketball (Boys and Girls)
* Softball
* Baseball
* Track

## Notable alumni

* Greg Stumon, 1987 Defensive Player of the Year, Canadian Football League
* Joe Waggonner, United States Congressman for Louisiana's 4th congressional district (1961–1979)
# 2022 Saint Martin Territorial Council election

Territorial Council elections were held in the French overseas collectivity of Saint Martin on 20 March 2022.

## Results

| Party | Party | First round | First round | Second round | Second round | Seats |
| Party | Party | Votes | % | Votes | % | Seats |
| | Rassemblement Saint-Martinois | 2,126 | 25.38 | 4,742 | 49.11 | 16 |
| | Alternative | 934 | 11.15 | 4,742 | 49.11 | 16 |
| | Union for Democracy | 2,071 | 24.72 | 3,216 | 33.31 | 5 |
| | Generation Hope | 1,465 | 17.49 | 1,698 | 17.58 | 2 |
| | Saint Martin with You | 1,155 | 13.79 | 1,698 | 17.58 | 2 |
| | Future Saint Martin | 626 | 7.47 | 1,698 | 17.58 | 2 |
| Total | Total | 8,377 | 100.00 | 9,656 | 100.00 | 23 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 8,377 | 95.97 | 9,656 | 97.31 | |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 352 | 4.03 | 267 | 2.69 | |
| Total votes | Total votes | 8,729 | 100.00 | 9,923 | 100.00 | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 18,962 | 46.03 | 18,997 | 52.23 | |
| Source: Government of Saint Martin |||||||

## Analysis

As expected, the elections were hotly contested, with five of the six lists managing to qualify for the second round. The latter is necessary, as none of the lists having managed to win the absolute majority of the votes cast in the first round. The Rassemblement Saint-Martinois led by Louis Mussington finished first with 16 seats (an increase of 11), ahead of the Union for Democracy list of the outgoing chairman of the council, Daniel Gibbs, which lost 13 seats.