# Roanne

Roanne (French pronunciation:; Arpitan: Rouana; Occitan: Roana) is a commune in the Loire department, central France.
It is located 90 km (56 mi) northwest of Lyon on the river Loire. It has an important Museum, the Musée des Beaux-arts et d'Archéologie Joseph-Déchelette (French), with many Egyptian artifacts.

## Economy

Roanne is known for gastronomy (largely because of the famous Troisgros family), textiles, agriculture and manufacturing tanks.
Roanne station has rail connections to Clermont-Ferrand, Saint-Étienne, Moulins and Lyon.
The Roanne region produces, particularly, fresh red wines designated as of the Cote Roannaise.

## History

The toponymy is Gaulish, Rod-Onna ("flowing water") which became Rodumna, then Rouhanne and Roanne. The town was sited at a strategic point, the head of navigation on the Loire, below its narrow gorges. As a trans-shipping point, its importance declined with the collapse of long-distance trade after the fourth century. In the twelfth century, the site passed to the comte du Forez, under whose care it began to recover. An overland route led to Lyon and the Rhône, thus Roanne developed as a transshipping point between Paris and the Mediterranean in early modern France, when waterways were at least as important as roads.
The renewed navigation on the Loire encouraged the export of local products: wines, including casks of Beaujolais that had been shipped overland, ceramics, textiles, and after 1785, coal from Saint-Étienne, which had formerly been onloaded upstream at Saint-Rambert, since river improvements at the beginning of the century. Sturdy goods were rafted downriver on sapinières that were dismantled after use. Half the population of seventeenth and eighteenth-century Roanne depended in some way on this transportation economy: merchants and factors, carriers, carpenters and coopers, master-boatmen and their journeymen and oarsmen, and waterfront laborers (Braudel p360f).
Roanne was one of the first towns served by railroad, with the opening, 15 March 1833, of the terminal on the right bank at the port of Varennes of the third line, from Andrézieux. Following came the opening of the canal from Roanne to Digoin (1838), which placed the city in the forefront of the French Industrial Revolution.
In 1917 the arsenal was established at Roanne, and from 1940 a new industry developed, producing rayon and other new fibers. In the post-industrial phase that set in during the 1970s, Roanne struggled to find new industry and attract tourism.
The 18th-century actor, playwright and revolutionary Antoine Dorfeuille (1754–1795) was murdered in Roanne.

## Population

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1793 | 8,500 | — |
| 1800 | 6,992 | −2.75% |
| 1806 | 7,270 | +0.65% |
| 1821 | 8,370 | +0.94% |
| 1831 | 9,260 | +1.02% |
| 1836 | 9,910 | +1.37% |
| 1841 | 11,330 | +2.71% |
| 1846 | 12,959 | +2.72% |
| 1851 | 13,397 | +0.67% |
| 1856 | 15,139 | +2.47% |
| 1861 | 17,398 | +2.82% |
| 1866 | 19,354 | +2.15% |
| 1872 | 20,037 | +0.58% |
| 1876 | 22,797 | +3.28% |
| 1881 | 25,425 | +2.21% |
| 1886 | 30,402 | +3.64% |
| 1891 | 31,380 | +0.64% |
| 1896 | 33,912 | +1.56% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1901 | 34,901 | +0.58% |
| 1906 | 35,516 | +0.35% |
| 1911 | 36,697 | +0.66% |
| 1921 | 37,752 | +0.28% |
| 1926 | 38,469 | +0.38% |
| 1931 | 40,502 | +1.04% |
| 1936 | 41,460 | +0.47% |
| 1946 | 44,518 | +0.71% |
| 1954 | 46,501 | +0.55% |
| 1962 | 51,731 | +1.34% |
| 1968 | 53,381 | +0.52% |
| 1975 | 55,195 | +0.48% |
| 1982 | 48,705 | −1.77% |
| 1990 | 41,756 | −1.91% |
| 1999 | 38,896 | −0.79% |
| 2007 | 35,750 | −1.05% |
| 2012 | 35,799 | +0.03% |
| 2017 | 34,366 | −0.81% |
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. :
Source: EHESS and INSEE (1968–2017) :

## Sports

The city is home to Chorale Roanne Basket, two-time champion of France's top basketball league LNB Pro A. The team plays its home games at the Halle André Vacheresse.

## Personalities

Roanne was the birthplace of:
* Édouard Carpentier, (1926–2010) professional wrestler
* Laurent Chabry (1855–1894), biologist who worked in the flying mechanisms of birds and insects
* Jean-Baptiste Nompère de Champagny (1756–1834) was a French politician
* Joseph Déchelette (1862–1914), archaeologist
* Henri Dentz (1881–1945), French Army officer and collaborator
* Pierre Étaix (born 1928), film director
* Jean-Pierre Jeunet (born 1953), film director
* Jean-Luc Lavrille [fr] (born 1952), poet
* René Leriche (1870–1955), surgeon
* David Ramseyer, basketball player
* Michel Troisgros (born 1958), Michelin-starred chef, La Maison Troisgros
* Antoine Vermorel-Marques (born 1993), Member of Parliament

## Twin towns – sister cities

Roanne is twinned with:
* Guadalajara, Spain
* Legnica, Poland
* Montevarchi, Italy
* Nuneaton and Bedworth, United Kingdom
* Piatra Neamţ, Romania
* Reutlingen, Germany

## Climate

Climate data for Roanne (Saint-Léger-sur-Roanne), elevation 337 m (1,106 ft), (2005–2020 normals, extremes 2005–present) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 18.3 (64.9) | 21.7 (71.1) | 25.2 (77.4) | 29.0 (84.2) | 33.7 (92.7) | 39.3 (102.7) | 39.8 (103.6) | 41.4 (106.5) | 35.2 (95.4) | 31.8 (89.2) | 22.2 (72.0) | 19.4 (66.9) | 41.4 (106.5) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 7.3 (45.1) | 8.6 (47.5) | 12.6 (54.7) | 16.9 (62.4) | 20.0 (68.0) | 24.3 (75.7) | 26.7 (80.1) | 26.0 (78.8) | 22.3 (72.1) | 17.5 (63.5) | 11.7 (53.1) | 8.1 (46.6) | 16.8 (62.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 3.9 (39.0) | 4.5 (40.1) | 7.6 (45.7) | 11.1 (52.0) | 14.4 (57.9) | 18.5 (65.3) | 20.6 (69.1) | 19.9 (67.8) | 16.4 (61.5) | 12.7 (54.9) | 7.8 (46.0) | 4.6 (40.3) | 11.8 (53.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 0.5 (32.9) | 0.3 (32.5) | 2.5 (36.5) | 5.4 (41.7) | 8.9 (48.0) | 12.6 (54.7) | 14.5 (58.1) | 13.7 (56.7) | 10.5 (50.9) | 8.0 (46.4) | 3.9 (39.0) | 1.0 (33.8) | 6.8 (44.2) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −12.8 (9.0) | −15.6 (3.9) | −7.1 (19.2) | −5.0 (23.0) | −0.4 (31.3) | 4.2 (39.6) | 7.2 (45.0) | 4.8 (40.6) | 0.9 (33.6) | −5.2 (22.6) | −7.4 (18.7) | −11.1 (12.0) | −15.6 (3.9) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 36.9 (1.45) | 29.7 (1.17) | 41.8 (1.65) | 50.2 (1.98) | 75.5 (2.97) | 75.5 (2.97) | 81.0 (3.19) | 66.1 (2.60) | 54.6 (2.15) | 57.6 (2.27) | 57.8 (2.28) | 41.4 (1.63) | 668.1 (26.30) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 8.2 | 7.8 | 8.4 | 7.9 | 11.4 | 8.7 | 8.4 | 7.9 | 6.7 | 7.4 | 8.8 | 10.0 | 101.6 |
| Source: Meteociel ||||||||||||||