OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pile–Pontoon Railroad Bridge

The Pile–Pontoon Railroad Bridge was a floating bridge that crossed the Mississippi River in northern Iowa.
From 1857 Marquette, Iowa became a major hub on the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railway, as grain from throughout Iowa and Minnesota was sent through the city en route to Lake Michigan. A permanent bridge between Marquette and Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin was thought impractical, in part due to substantial river traffic which would have required clear spans high above the water.
Goods were initially transported by boat across the river, which required unloading and reloading of railroad cars. In the late 1860s, the Milwaukee Road's agent John Lawler conceived a ferry crossing, using barges with rail tracks on their decks. Because there are two channels separated by an island, each channel required a barge which was pulled across by cables, and a small rail yard crossing the island connecting the two ferries. This allowed transshipment of railroad cars without unloading, but was still less than efficient.
A better solution was found by Michael Spettel and Lawler, who patented a permanent pontoon bridge system to span the river in 1874. This comprised piled trestles built out into the river, and two pontoons: A 210-foot (64 m) unit on the east channel, and a 227-foot (69 m) unit on the west. Each pontoon was hinged at one end to allow it to float open, and was pulled closed by a steam-powered cable. As well as allowing for river traffic, this allowed end-of-winter ice floes to pass down the river without risk of damaging the structure.
The pontoons were built with a timber-framed deck which could be raised or lowered by as much as 18 feet (5.5 m) to allow for changes in the river level, which can vary by as much as 22.5 feet (6.9 m) (at extreme high water, the bridge could not be used). Adjusting and supporting the deck with timber blocks was a laborious process requiring much manual work. At each end, a short, ramped length of steel span was provided, carrying the track onto the adjoining trestles. Train speed across the pontoons was limited to 7 miles per hour (11 km/h) .
Prairie du Chien businessman Lawler took most of the credit for this invention, and made a small fortune through its operation. Marquette subsequently became home to a major rail yard, which even as late as 1920 was the busiest in Iowa, employing 400 people.
The original crossing was upgraded with replacement of the eastern pontoon in 1914, and a longer 276-foot (84 m) western pontoon in 1916; the longest in the world at that time. The replacement spans included steam-powered lift machinery to adjust the height of the track deck.
The railroad's significance declined and the last passenger train stopped in Marquette in 1960. The pontoon bridge was disassembled in 1961.
# Walther Vanden Ende

Walther Vanden Ende (born 29 June 1947) is a Belgian cinematographer. He contributed to more than sixty films since 1975 including No Man's Land, Joyeux Noël and The Eighth Day.

## Selected filmography

* I, Tintin (1975)
* Whitey (1980)
* Le Lit (1982)
* Winter 1960 (1983)
* Dust (1985)
* Wedding in Galilee (1987)
* The Cruel Embrace (1987)
* The Music Teacher (1988)
* Le Radeau de la Méduse (1990)
* Toto the Hero (1991)
* Daens (1992)
* Going Home (1993)
* The Violin Player (1994)
* Taxandria (1994)
* Farinelli (1994)
* The Eighth Day (1996)
* Felice...Felice... (1998)
* Left Luggage (1998)
* A Dog of Flanders (1999)
* Lisa (2001)
* No Man's Land (2001)
* Miss Minoes (2001)
* Sea of Silence (2003)
* 25 Degrees in Winter (2004)
* Joyeux Noël (2005)
* Sounds of Sand (2006)
* The Rainbowmaker (2008)
* Farewell (2009)
* Cirkus Columbia (2010)
* Sonny Boy (2011)
* The Zigzag Kid (2012)
# Değirmenköy, Erzincan

Değirmenköy is a village in the Erzincan District, Erzincan Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Sisan tribe and had a population of 331 in 2021.

## History

On 30 December 1998, it became the center of the town formed under the name of Dörtler by the merger of Konakbaşı, Ortayurt and Ürek villages in the center of Değirmenköy. The name of the village, whose municipality status ended in 2008 with the law numbered 6360, remained as “Dörtler” until 2013. The village is listed as “Değirmenköy” in 2014 and later TÜİK data.
# Polyot

Polyot is a transliteration of the Russian term Полёт (meaning Flight) and can be transliterated as Polyot, Poljot or Polet. Polyot can refer to the following:
* Polet Flight, a defunct Russian airline formerly based in Voronezh
* Poljot, a brand of watches from the USSR, and now Russia
* Polyot (rocket), an interim orbital carrier rocket from the USSR
* Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Production Corporation "Polyot", a company based in Omsk, responsible for manufacture of the Antonov An-3 aircraft and Cosmos-3M space launch vehicle, amongst others
* Polyot-Sirena, the major Russian Global Distribution System
* Polyot, Russian aerospace journal
# 3-D Dinosaur Adventure

3-D Dinosaur Adventure is an educational video game by Knowledge Adventure released on CD-ROM for MS-DOS compatible operating systems in 1993. Versions for Macintosh and Windows 3.x were published in 1996. A 1997 re-release and an updated version for Macintosh and Microsoft Windows is titled 3-D Dinosaur Adventure: Anniversary Edition.

## Gameplay

3-D Dinosaur Adventure is presented as a theme park, with areas for the player to explore, including an encyclopedia, a quiz, and a virtual museum. They offer insight into how dinosaurs lived and evolved. Additionally, activities teach players how to use fossil photo records and illustrations for visual recognition of dinosaurs.
The title comes packaged with 3D glasses and has special areas that make use of them.
There is also a Doom clone in which the player has to save the dinosaurs from the comet that is about to hit the Earth.

## Development

As part of a co-publishing arrangement with Random House Inc. to develop multimedia titles on September 5, 1994, Random House also took over distribution-to-bookstores for current Knowledge Adventure titles such as 3-D Dinosaur Adventure. On July 5, 1995, Random House Children's Books entered into an agreement where they would handle distribution of all Knowledge Adventure software titles in the U.K. and Ireland, given the right to repackage, reprice, and readjust wherever necessary for each target market. The game was uploaded to the ZOOM-Platform.com website in 2014 alongside 3D Body Adventure, Space Adventure, and Undersea Adventure.

## Reception

The game was the third best selling Macintosh product in the week ending October 11, 1997.
3-D Dinosaur Adventure was reviewed in the Oppenheim Toy Portfolio Guide Book where it was praised for its "text, beautiful graphics, and amazing sound effects". Characterizing the program as one of "the programs to load on [an older child's computer] first", the authors warned that the programs were resource intensive, "tak[ing] nearly 10 megabytes of disc space [and requiring] a sound card to get the full effect". Multimedia and Hypertext: The Internet and Beyond argued that the small Knowledge Adventure was able to produce a better game than Microsoft's Microsoft Dinosaurs. The Educational Technology Handbook praised the game's animation sequences for bringing the experience to life in a way that students would remember. PC Mag noted the high tech effects were limited, though thought the title was a good reference tool.
Retrospective reviews from the modern era have been more mixed. RetroJunk's 2009 review found the game to be innovative for its time. Bustle's 2016 review, however, deemed the program little more than a glorified encyclopedia.

### Awards

* 1994 – Oppenheim Toy Portfolio Award Platinum Award
* March 1994 – Electronic Entertainment Editors' Choice Awards: Best Edutainment Title (Honorable Mention)
* 1994's Best Overall Education Program by the Software Publishers Association as part of its Excellence in Software Awards Program.
* Top 100 CD-ROMs from PC Magazine 1994
# 2014 Kurdistan Region governorate elections

The Kurdistan Region Governorate elections were held on 30 April 2014. The elections for the three Kurdish governorates coincided with the elections for Iraqi parliament.

## Result

| Party | Party | Total Votes | Percentage | Total seats | Party Leader |
| | Kurdistan Democratic Party | 816,654 | 37,79% | 34 | Massoud Barzani |
| | Patriotic Union of Kurdistan | 528,122 | 24,44% | 19 | Jalal Talabani |
| | Movement for Change | 490,572 | 22,70% | 17 | Nawshirwan Mustafa |
| | Kurdistan Islamic Union | 150,972 | 6,99% | 6 | Salaheddine Bahaaeddin |
| | Islamic Group of Kurdistan | 113,364 | 5,25% | 4 | Ali Bapir |
| | Other Parties | 56,354 | 2,60% | 10 | - |
| Total | Total | 2,161,128 | 100% | 90 | - |

### Arbil Governorate

| Party | Party | Total votes | Percentage | Seats | Party Leader |
| | Kurdistan Democratic Party | 372,607 | 49,31% | 12 | Massoud Barzani |
| | Patriotic Union of Kurdistan | 168,603 | 22,31% | 6 | Jalal Talabani |
| | Movement for Change | 108,117 | 14,31% | 4 | Nawshirwan Mustafa |
| | Islamic Group of Kurdistan | 57,907 | 7,66% | 2 | Ali Bapir |
| | Kurdistan Islamic Union | 27,713 | 3,67% | 1 | Salaheddine Bahaaeddin |
| | Other parties | 19,287 | 2,57% | 5 | |
| Total | Total | 754,234 | 100% | 30 | |
| Sources: ||||||

### Duhok Governorate

| Party | Party | Total votes | Percentage | Seats | Party Leader |
| | Kurdistan Democratic Party | 357,392 | 71.46% | 19 | Massoud Barzani |
| | Kurdistan Islamic Union | 62,162 | 12.43% | 3 | Salaheddine Bahaaeddin |
| | Patriotic Union of Kurdistan | 40.796 | 8,16% | 2 | Jalal Talabani |
| | Movement for Change | 22,855 | 4.57% | 1 | Nawshirwan Mustafa |
| | Islamic Group of Kurdistan | 4.221 | 0,84% | 0 | Ali Bapir |
| | Other parties | 16,956 | 3.39% | 3 | |
| Total | Total | 500.161 | 100% | 28 | |
| Sources: ||||||

### Sulaymaniyah Governorate

| Party | Party | Total votes | Percentage | Seats | Party Leader |
| | Movement for Change | 359,600 | 39.66% | 12 | Nawshirwan Mustafa |
| | Patriotic Union of Kurdistan | 318,723 | 35.15% | 11 | Jalal Talabani |
| | Kurdistan Democratic Party | 86,655 | 9.57% | 3 | Massoud Barzani |
| | Kurdistan Islamic Union | 66,097 | 7.29% | 2 | Salaheddine Bahaaeddin |
| | Islamic Group of Kurdistan | 55,457 | 6.12% | 2 | Ali Bapir |
| | Kurdistan Alliance | 10,512 | 1.16% | 1 | |
| | Other parties | 9,599 | 1.06% | 1 | |
| Total | Total | 906,643 | 100% | 32 | |
| Sources: ||||||
# Óscar Díaz (Paraguayan footballer)

Óscar Nadin Díaz Gonzalez (born 29 January 1984), known as Óscar Díaz, is a Paraguayan former footballer who played as centre-back or wing-back.

## Club career

Díaz previously played for FC Saturn Ramenskoye and FC Rubin Kazan in the Russian Premier League.
# Gay Bride of Frankenstein

Gay Bride of Frankenstein is an American comic-book rock musical written by Dane Leeman and Billy Butler, with music and lyrics by Billy Butler. The concept album was created by Billy Butler and the Monster Makers during the 2008 RPM Challenge and premiered live on stage at the Players' Ring Theatre in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, that same year. It was a top selection in the 2009 New York Musical Theatre Festival, opening September 28 and closing October 11, and played seven sold-out performances at the TBG Theater in New York City. It then played at Seacoast Repertory Theatre in 2010 and two concerts at Joe's Pub in 2011. The comic book is drawn by Katie Drew.

## The Monster Makers

The Monster Makers is the band that was formed while writing the music for the show. The original line up featured Tim McCoy on bass, Jon McCormack on guitar, Jamie Perkins on drums and Billy Butler on piano, keys and vocals. The band actually feature in the show, much like the urchins from Little Shop of Horrors.
# Andriy Kis

Andriy Kis (born 27 May 1982 in Lviv) is a Ukrainian luger who has competed since 2003. Competing in two Winter Olympics, he earned his best finish of 14th in the men's doubles event at Turin in 2006.
Kis's best finish at the FIL World Luge Championships in the men's double event was 14th twice (2008, 2009). His best finish at the FIL European Luge Championships was ninth in the men's doubles event at Sigulda in 2010.
# Minister of Defence (Nepal)

The Minister of Defence (Rakshā Mantri) is the head of the Ministry of Defence and a high ranking minister of the Government of Nepal. The Defence Minister is one of the most senior offices in the Council of Ministers as well as being a high-level minister in the union cabinet.

## List of ministers of defence

Giri Prasad Burathoki, the defence minister during much of King Mahendra's reign, had himself been a highly decorated (retired) officer of the British Indian Army.
This is a list of all ministers of Defense since the Nepalese Constituent Assembly election in 2013:
| | Name | Party | Assumed office | Left office |
| 1 | Interim Prime Minister Khil Raj Regmi | Independent | 25 February 2014 | 11 February 2014 |
| 2 | Prime Minister Sushil Koirala | Nepali Congress | 25 February 2014 | 12 October 2015 |
| 3 | Bhim Bahadur Rawal | Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) | 5 November 2015 | 1 August 2016 |
| 4 | Bal Krishna Khand | Nepali Congress | 26 August 2016 | 31 May 2017 |
| 5 | Bhimsen Das Pradhan | Nepali Congress | 26 July 2017 | 15 February 2018 |
| 6 | Ishwor Pokharel | Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) | 26 February 2018 | 4 June 2021 |
| 7 | Minendra Rijal | Nepali Congress | 8 October 2021 | 16 December 2021 |
| 8 | Hari Prasad Upreti | Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) | 17 January 2023 | 27 February 2023 |
| 9 | Purna Bahadur Khadka | Nepali Congress | 30 March 2023 | Incumbent |
# Osprey V

Osprey V is a Palestinian rock band from Gaza. It is likely that they are the first musical group of their type from the territory.

## Background

The band is made up of an accountant, two lawyers, an agronomist and in the past included a Swiss humanitarian worker. The band is led by accountant, Raji El-Jaru. Both he and his cousin Moamin El-Jaru were instrumental in the band's creation. Another member is cousin Saed. As Gaza's first rock group, the band came into being in 2017. They practiced and performed in a studio above an electrical store which was owned by the father of one of the band members.
One of the struggles the band had was coming up against the unfamiliarity that Gazans had with Western Music and the difference that it has with traditional Palestinian culture.
They needed a drummer, and they took on Swiss aid worker Thomas Kocherhans who was currently doing aid work in Gaza. Kocherhans was positively surprised when he heard them because he did not think that such quality music existed in Gaza. He had to leave Gaza in 2021 as his work assignment had come to an end.
In the beginning they created an air of mystery by having their faces covered. They sing about the issue of Palestinians and their plight.
As of 2022, they were managed by Asmaa Tayeh, a young lady who studied English literature at Al-Azhar University.

## Career

The group performed one night at the studio that was above the shop and journalist Janine di Giovanni went to hear them play.
Their song "Home" premiered on December 13, 2019.
They performed live in an online concert, "Live for Gaza" which was in April 2021. Roger Waters of Pink Floyd was an attendee. The event was to raise money for artists in the Palestinian territories. Other attendees were Tom Morello from Rage Against the Machine, and Brian Eno. In addition to Osprey V, other artists from Gaza were Wafaa Alnjeili, and Badeel Band.
In 2022, they received support from the Intersticia Foundation, with funds to go towards sound and recording equipment.
In a clip uploaded by the Delia Arts Foundation, dated Jun 21, 2023, the band members talk about their upcoming debut album.
According to the Vanity Fair in January, 2024 article, by Janine di Giovanni, Osprey V had planned to play in Europe but due to the Israel-Hamas War it didn't happen. Giovanni was on a quest to find out how Raji el-Jaru was. She managed to make contact with him.

## Members

Musicians:
* Raji Al Jaru – lead singer, rhythm guitarist and lyricist.
* Momen Al Jaru – bass guitarist, and lyricist.
* Sa'ed Al Jaru – lead guitarist, and backing vocalist.
* Siraj Shawa – electronic music producer, keyboardist, and backing vocalist.
* Thomas Kocherhans – drummer, percussionist, and backing vocalist.
# Taylor Canfield

Taylor Canfield (born February 5, 1989) is a United States Virgin Islands sailor competing in match racing. As of November 29, 2023, he is the driver of the United States SailGP Team following the sale of the team.
He won the ICSA Match Racing National Championship with Boston College in 2010 and 2011, and the 2013 World Match Racing Tour and became 2013 World Champion in match racing.
Canfield was widely expected to skipper the Stars & Stripes Team USA America's Cup campaign as the designated sailing representative of California's Long Beach Yacht Club; however, that team withdrew prior to the commencement of the Prada Cup challengers’ selection process.
Taylor Canfield won the 2020 Bermuda Gold Cup and Open Match Racing World Championship.
# Andrii Lysetskyi

Andrii Volodymyrovych Lysetskyi (Ukrainian: Андрій Володимирович Лисецький, born 10 February 1998) is a Ukrainian luger.

## Career

At the 2016 Winter Youth Olympics in Lillehammer, Norway, Lysetskyi placed 13th in the doubles competition, together with Levkovych. He was also 7th in team relay (together with Smaha, Stakhiv, and Levkovych).
Later on, Lysetskyi was teamed with Ihor Stakhiv. His first World Cup race was during the 2018-19 season in Igls, Austria, where he finished 20th in the doubles. As of February 2022, Lysetskyi's best World Cup finish was 10th in the 2019-20 season in Winterberg, Germany.
In 2022, Lysetskyi was nominated for his first Winter Games in Beijing, placing 15th in the doubles event.

## Personal life

Lysetskyi studied radio technologies at the Lviv Polytechnic.

## Career results
### Winter Olympics

| Year | Event | Doubles | Relay |
| 2022 | Beijing, China | 15 | 11 |

### World Championships

| Year | Event | Doubles | Relay | Doubles Sprint |
| 2019 | Winterberg, Germany | 19 | 9 | 18 |
| 2021 | Königssee, Germany | 19 | 7 | 21 |

### European Championships

| Year | Event | Doubles | Relay |
| 2019 | Oberhof, Germany | 11 | 7 |
| 2020 | Lillehammer, Norway | 14 | 8 |
| 2021 | Sigulda, Latvia | 16 | 6 |
| 2022 | St. Moritz, Switzerland | 17 | 5 |

### Luge World Cup
#### Rankings

| Season | Doubles | Doubles Sprint |
| 2016–17 | | |
| 2018–19 | 20 | |
| 2019–20 | 18 | |
| 2020–21 | 16 | 19 |
| 2021–22 | 20 | |
# Tate's Cairn Highway

Tate's Cairn Highway (Chinese: 大老山公路; pinyin: Dàlǎoshān Gōnglù; Cantonese Yale: daai5 lou5 saan1 gung1 lou6), opened on 26 June 1991, is a dual 3-lane expressway in Hong Kong. It links Tate's Cairn Tunnel and Ma Liu Shui Interchange, forming a part of Route 2 (formerly known as Route 6).
From the Ma Liu Shui Interchange, where it connects with Route 9, the expressway crosses the estuary of the Shing Mun River. It then turns southwards, interchanging at Shek Mun with a distributor road (Tai Chung Kiu Road), and reaches Siu Lek Yuen, where the highway splits. One branch leads to Tate's Cairn Tunnel (which continues as Route 2), and the other leads to Sha Lek Highway, which eventually joins Route 1 at Sha Tin Road.
The highway is named after Tate's Cairn.

## Interchanges

Tate's Cairn Highway in its entirety falls within the boundaries of Sha Tin District.
Tate's Cairn Highway :
| Location | km | Interchange name | Exit | Destinations | Notes |
| Ma Liu Shui | 18.6 | Ma Liu Shui Interchange | – | Route 9 (Tolo Highway) – Tai Po & Fanling | Northern terminus; end of Route 2 |
| Ma Liu Shui | 18.4 | Ma Liu Shui Interchange | 7A | Chak Cheung Street – Ma Liu Shui, University, Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, Race Course | Northbound exit and southbound entrance |
| A Kung Kok | 17.4 | | 7 | Ma On Shan Road – Ma On Shan & Sai Kung | |
| Shek Mun | 16.0 | Shek Mun Interchange | 6 | Tai Chung Kiu Road and A Kung Kok Street – Shek Mun, Tai Shui Hang, Sha Tin Central, Tsuen Wan | |
| Siu Lek Yuen | 15.1 | | 4 | Siu Lek Yuen Road and Sha Tin Wai Road – Siu Lek Yuen, Prince of Wales Hospital | Southbound exit and northbound entrance |
| Siu Lek Yuen | 15.1 | | 5 | Sha Lek Highway – Kowloon (Central, West) | Southbound exit and northbound entrance |
| Siu Lek Yuen | 14.4 | | 5 | Sha Lek Highway – Sha Tin Central | Northbound exit and southbound entrance |
| Siu Lek Yuen | 14.3 | | 4 | Sha Tin Wai Road – Siu Lek Yuen, Prince of Wales Hospital | Southbound exit and northbound entrance |
| Siu Lek Yuen | | | – | Tate's Cairn Tunnel | Southern terminus; Route 2 continues |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi Incomplete access Tolled Route transition ||||||
# British Virgin Islands men's national under-17 basketball team

The British Virgin Islands men's national under-17 basketball team is a national basketball team of the British Virgin Islands, administered by the British Virgin Islands Amateur Basketball Federation. It represents the country in men's international under-17 basketball competitions.
In 2008, the team also participated at the former CBC U18 Championship, where they won the bronze medal.

## FIBA U17 Centrobasket participations

| Year | Result |
| 2011 | 7th |
| 2013 | 7th |
# Rolandas Džiaukštas

Rolandas Džiaukštas (born 1 April 1978) is a Lithuanian professional football coach and a former player.

## International career

Džiaukštas made 40 appearances for the Lithuania national football team from 1998 to 2007.

## Personal

He stands 1.86 m tall and weighs 80 kg.
# Plank Road Covered Bridge

The Plank Road Covered Bridge was east of Rockville, Indiana. The single-span Burr Arch covered bridge structure was built by Henry Wolf in either 1854 or 1859 and destroyed in the Great Flood of 1913.

## History
### Construction

The bridge was originally built by Henry Wolf on the Plank Road, that had been constructed between Rockville and Bellmore around 1850. The Plank Road was a toll road that would stretch from Indianapolis, in the east, to the Wabash River, in the west. However, the planking didn't hold up and they soon started to rot. The boards were removed and the road was graveled. In 1867 or 1877 the Parke County Commissioners bought the companies stock and opened the road as a free road.

### Repairs and Destruction

The bridge would suffer from damaging flood a couple of times in its life before finally succumbing to the Great Flood of 1913, which would go on to claim several bridges in Parke County.
The first record is that J.J. Daniels had to make repairs in 1863 to the bridge. Again, in 1875, flood waters damaged the east abutment this time which would require $900 in repairs.
After being damaged in the 1913 flood it was replaced with the Howard Covered Bridge.
# Monique Jansen

Liesbeth Monique Jansen (born 3 October 1978, Harderwijk) is a Dutch athlete specializing in the discus throw. She competed for the Netherlands at the 2012 Summer Olympics, failing to qualify for the final.

## Competition record

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Notes |
| Representing Netherlands |||||
| 2010 | European Championships | Barcelona, Spain | 9th | 56.29 m |
| 2011 | World Championships | Daegu, South Korea | 17th (q) | 58.23 m |
| 2012 | European Championships | Helsinki, Finland | 11th | 57.03 m |
| 2012 | Olympic Games | London, United Kingdom | 31st (q) | 57.50 m |
# Rokle

Rokle (German: Rachel) is a municipality and village in Chomutov District in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants.
Rokle lies approximately 15 kilometres (9 mi) south-west of Chomutov, 63 km (39 mi) south-west of Ústí nad Labem, and 85 km (53 mi) west of Prague.

## Administrative division

Rokle consists of five municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
* Rokle (49)
* Hradec (227)
* Krásný Dvoreček (10)
* Nová Víska u Rokle (47)
* Želina (55)

## Economy

Hradec substation is located in the municipality.