OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Robert Smith (murderer)

Robert Colvin Smith (died 12 May 1868) was the last person to be publicly executed in Scotland.
On 1 February 1868, Smith, a 19-year-old labourer, encountered 9-year-old Thomasina Scott at the home of Jane Crichton in Cummertrees and offered to accompany her to Annan, where her mother had sent her to run an errand. Upon reaching Crofthead Wood, Smith took Scott's money, raped her and then strangled her to death. Two hours later, Crichton came upon Smith returning from the crime scene; fearing she could implicate him, Smith threw her to the ground and attempted to cut her throat, but she managed to escape. A group of men set out after Smith and found Scott's body several miles away.
Smith fled to a boarding house in nearby Dumfries, but was soon found and apprehended after the proprietor reported a man staying with blood on his clothes. A bootlace presumed to have been used to strangle Scott was found in his pocket. Smith was convicted of murder, rape, robbery and attempted murder and sentenced to death by hanging. He was hanged by Thomas Askern on 12 May 1868 at Buccleuch Street Prison (which, coincidentally, had hosted the hanging of Mary Timney, the last woman publicly executed in Scotland, some five years earlier). This was the last execution in Scotland before the Capital Punishment Amendment Act abolishing public executions came into force.
Smith's death mask can be viewed in Dumfries Museum to this day.
# Nephew Tommy

Thomas "Nephew Tommy" Miles is an American comedian, actor and producer. He currently co-hosts The Steve Harvey Morning Show during which he frequently makes prank phone calls. He is the nephew of comedian Steve Harvey, which is where his stage name comes from.

## Education

Nephew Tommy studied theatre at Texas A&M University.

## Discography

* Nephew Tommy's Prank Phone Calls: Volume 1
* Nephew Tommy's Prank Phone Calls: Volume 2
* The Best of Nephew Tommy's Prank Phone Calls: Volume 3
* Nephew Tommy's Prank Phone Calls: Volume 4
* Nephew Tommy's Prank Phone Calls: Volume 5 - Church Folks Gotta Laugh Too!
* Nephew Tommy's Prank Phone Calls: Volume 6 - Cheaters
* Nephew Tommy's Celebrity Prank Phone Calls
* Nephew Tommy's Lost Prank Phone Calls: Part 1
* Nephew Tommy's Lost Prank Phone Calls: Part 2
* Won't He Do It
# Marcel Schiller

Marcel Schillerr (born 15 August 1991) is a German handballer who plays for Frisch Auf Göppingen and the German national team.

## International honours

* EHF European League:
** Winner: 2016, 2017
** Bronze medal: 2023
# Edward Ruggles-Brise

Colonel Sir Edward Archibald Ruggles-Brise, 1st Baronet MC TD JP DL (19 September 1882 – 12 May 1942) was a British Conservative Party politician.

## Early life

The son of Archibald Weyland Ruggles Brise (1857-1939), he was born at Westminster, London, in September 1882 and was educated at Eton College and Trinity College, Cambridge. At Eton, he was the captain of the football XI; in November 1871, he was selected to represent England in the fourth of the unofficial international matches against Scotland, but withdrew because of illness.

## Career
### Public service

He was magistrate and a Deputy Lieutenant for Essex from 1920. In 1939 he was appointed as a Vice Lieutenant of Essex.

### Political career

He served as Member of Parliament (MP) for the Maldon constituency in Essex from 1922 until his death in 1942, with a brief interruption from 1923 to 1924 when he narrowly lost the seat to his Labour opponent Valentine Crittall.
Ruggles-Brise was greatly interested in agricultural matters, serving on the Smallholdings Committee of Essex County Council and as Chairman of the Parliamentary Agricultural Committee.

### Military career

Ruggles-Brise was appointed a second lieutenant in the Essex Yeomanry on 24 January 1903. From 1927, he commanded the 104th Essex Yeomanry Field Brigade, Royal Artillery of the Territorial Army.

## Sport

Ruggles-Brise was a cricketer below first-class play level. He made one appearance making 27 runs at county level for Shropshire in 1904, while playing at club level for Ellesmere.

## Personal life

Ruggles-Brise was a landowner and was the owner of Spains Hall in Finchingfield, Essex, which had been inherited by his father, Archibald Weyland Ruggles-Brise, on the death of his own father, the politician Samuel Ruggles-Brise.
He married twice. Firstly, in 1906, to Agatha Gurney (1881–1937), daughter of John Henry Gurney Jr., a member of the Gurney family of Keswick Hall, Norfolk. Secondly, in 1939, to Lucy Barbara Pym MBE (1895–1979), daughter of Walter Ruthven Pym, Bishop of Bombay.
Following his death in May 1942 aged 59, he was succeeded in the baronetcy by his son Colonel Sir John Archibald Ruggles-Brise, 2nd Baronet.

## Honours and decorations

In the 1935 Jubilee Honours List, he was made a Baronet, of Spains Hall, in Essex.
# Shippingsport Bridge

Shippingsport Bridge has been the name of four similarly-located bridges over the Illinois River in LaSalle Township, LaSalle County, Illinois: an early bridge about which not much is known, an 1872 swing span bridge, a 1929 vertical-lift bridge nearby, and a 2003 bridge in the same location as the 1929 bridge. The fourth bridge still exists and carries Illinois Route 351 (IL 351).

## History

The Shippingsport Bridge historically carried traffic for U.S. Route 51 (US 51), a major north–south highway between Wisconsin and New Orleans. A bypass was built around Peru and La Salle in 1958. The bypass took the designation of US 51, leaving the Shippingsport Bridge being US 51 Business. Interstate 39 (I-39) was extended south to the Peru and LaSalle area in 1987. I-39 featured the 1.5-mile-long (2.4 km) Abraham Lincoln Memorial Bridge just east of Shippingsport. I-39 ended when it merged into the US 51 bypass south of town. At that time, the old US 51 bypass was turned back to the state of Illinois and was given the designation IL 251. US 51 Business, which used the Shippingsport Bridge, was given the designation IL 351.

## Namesake

The bridge is named for the failed settlement of Shippingsport, Illinois, located just west of present-day Oglesby.

## First bridge

All that is known of the first bridge is that it was demolished in 1872.

## Second bridge

The second bridge to be built in this location was a swing span completed in 1872.

## Third bridge

The third bridge, opened on November 7, 1929, was a 1,679-foot-long (512 m) multi-span truss bridge with a lift span across the main navigation channel.
It cost $500,000 to build, and opened on November 7, 1929.
The bridge deteriorated to the point where it was no longer safe to commute on. The Illinois Department of Transportation considered simply closing highway 351. The local people organized and convinced IDOT to rebuild the bridge.

## Fourth bridge

Due to navigation requirements, the new bridge had to be located in the same spot as the 1929 bridge. The result is that the old bridge was removed before the new bridge could be built. This resulted in the river crossing being closed for 2 years from late 2001 to October 29, 2003. That was 1 year shorter than planned due to the bridge being built much faster than was expected.
The fourth bridge cost $16,000,000 to construct. The new Shippingsport Bridge uses a newly developed high-performance steel. This allowed for thinner girders that could carry across a longer span. This resulted in the need for fewer piers, and gives the bridge a thin, graceful profile. Edward Kreamer & Sons was responsible for the replacement of the bridge.
The bridge came close to being hit by the April 20, 2004 tornado outbreak: An F3 tornado swirled through the Illinois River, knocking over an electrical tower just 20 feet away, although an adjacent tower is still standing. It somehow turned and missed the bridge, heading straight for the nearby community of Utica, Illinois. Nine people were killed when the floor of a tavern collapsed into the basement.
# Shadow Watch

Shadow Watch is a 2000 Microsoft Windows video game by Red Storm Entertainment.

## Gameplay

It is a turn-based tactics game in which the player fights a conspiracy to halt construction of an international space station. It is based on the Tom Clancy's Power Plays novel Shadow Watch.
The player's team consists of six operatives, each of which has a specialist skill. These abilities can be upgraded and characters learn moves after enough experience points are earned.
Missions are somewhat randomised, and often the story mode will branch out into several paths. Most missions involve killing all of the enemies, but other missions include stealing a package, retrieving a hostage, defending a location. Missions typically have a difficulty and alarm rating, some missions will automatically fail if the alarm is sounded.
In a mission, characters have a certain number of action points (APs). Most actions (shooting weapons, opening doors) cost 1 AP, whereas some moves can consume more. Characters can get injured, and a severe injury will automatically fail the mission.
The music for the game was composed by Bill Brown.

## Reception

Aggregate score :
| Aggregator | Score |
| GameRankings | 62% |
Review scores :
| Publication | Score |
| CNET Gamecenter | 5/10 |
| Computer Games Strategy Plus | |
| Computer Gaming World | |
| EP Daily | 9/10 |
| GameFan | 70% |
| GameSpot | 7/10 |
| GameSpy | 54% |
| GameZone | 7/10 |
| IGN | 8.4/10 |
| Next Generation | |
| PC Accelerator | 5/10 |
| PC Gamer (US) | 71% |
The game received mixed reviews according to the review aggregation website GameRankings. Christian A. O'Brien of NextGen said in an early review, "Unless you want to trudge through medieval technology and game play, pass right on by Shadow Watch. It belongs in the history books." GamePro said that the game was "perfect for a quick mission, with none of the elaborate notes you have to employ for tracking inventory, research, and travels in larger, more complex turn-based tactical games."
# Rabbit–duck illusion

The rabbit–duck illusion is an ambiguous image in which a rabbit or a duck can be seen.
The earliest known version is an unattributed drawing from the 23 October 1892 issue of Fliegende Blätter, a German humour magazine. It was captioned, in older German spelling, "Welche Thiere gleichen einander am meisten?" ("Which animals are most like each other?"), with "Kaninchen und Ente" ("Rabbit and Duck") written underneath.
After being used by psychologist Joseph Jastrow, the image was made famous by Ludwig Wittgenstein, who included it in his Philosophical Investigations as a means of describing two different ways of seeing: "seeing that" versus "seeing as".

## Correlations

Whether one sees a rabbit or a duck, and how often, may correlate with sociological, biological, and psychological factors. For example, Swiss, both young and old, tend to see a bunny during Easter and a bird/duck in October. It may also indicate creativity. A standard test of creativity is to list as many novel uses as one can for an everyday object (e.g., a paper clip) in a limited time. Wiseman et al. found that participants who easily could see the image as either a rabbit or duck came up with an average of about 5 novel uses for their everyday item, while those who could not flip between rabbit and duck at all came up with fewer than 2 novel uses.

## Philosophical implications

Several scholars suggested that the illusion resonates philosophically and politically. Wittgenstein, as Shirley Le Penne commented, employed the rabbit–duck illusion to distinguish perception from interpretation. If you see only a duck, you would say "this is a duck", but once you become aware of the duality you would say "now I see it as a rabbit". You may also say "it's a rabbit–duck", which, for Wittgenstein, is a perceptual report.
Thomas Kuhn used the rabbit–duck illusion as a metaphor for revolutionary change in science, illustrating the way in which a paradigm shift could cause one to see the same information in an entirely different way.
Uriel Abulof said that the illusion crystallizes the interplay between freedom (choice) and facticity (forced reality). If you see just a duck, you may need to actively choose to work on seeing the rabbit too, and once you do, to then choose which you see at any given point. While submitting that "once you see the duck you cannot unsee it", Abulof said that "trying to unsee what we already did might be less about choosing one perspective over another but about negating one, so that we don't have to choose."
# Daromin

Daromin is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wilczyce, located within Sandomierz County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north-west of Wilczyce, 14 km (9 mi) north-west of Sandomierz, and 72 km (45 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.
# Christopher Seton-Watson

Christopher Seton-Watson MC* (London, England, August 6, 1918 – London, England, September 8, 2007) was a British soldier and historian specializing in political science and Italian history. He taught at Oxford University, and was the founder of the Association for the Study of Modern Italy.

## Education

Seton-Watson was one of the two sons of Robert William Seton-Watson, the activist and historian. He was educated at Winchester College and New College, Oxford. As a visiting student at Princeton, he regularly shared a taxi with Albert Einstein.

## Wartime activities

During the Second World War, Seton-Watson served in the Royal Artillery. He saw action during the Battle of France and was evacuated at Dunkirk. He then took part in the Greek campaign, the North African Campaign (including the Battles of El Alamein) and the Italian Campaign. He was promoted to the rank of major and awarded the Military Cross with bar. He wrote about those experiences in Dunkirk-Alamein-Bologna: Letters and Diaries of an Artilleryman 1939-1945.

## Academic career

In 1946, Seton-Watson was elected to a fellowship in Modern History and Politics at Oriel College, Oxford, on being awarded an MA as a war degree. He remained at Oriel until his retirement in 1983 and worked on liberal Italy (1870–1922) and its foreign policy. His best-known work was Italy from Liberalism to Fascism, 1870-1925 (1967). In 1982, he founded the Association for the Study of Modern Italy.
While at Oriel, he focused on teaching and also served as a "talent scout" for the British security services.

## Honours

* Military Cross (1940); bar 1944
* Commander of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (1984)

## Works

* Italy from liberalism to fascism, 1870-1925. London, Methuen; New York, Barnes & Noble, 1967.
* The making of a new Europe: R.W. Seton-Watson and the last years of Austria-Hungary. With Hugh Seton-Watson. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1981.
* Italia e Inghilterra nell'età dell'imperialismo. With Enrico Serra. Milan: Istituto per gli studi di politica internazionale, 1990.
* British documents on foreign affairs--reports and papers from the Foreign Office confidential print. Part II, From the First to the Second World War. Series F, Europe, 1919–1939. With Kenneth Bourne and Donald Cameron Watt. Frederick, Md. : University Publications of America, 1990–96.
* Dunkirk, Alamein, Bologna: letters and diaries of an artilleryman, 1939-1945. London : Buckland, 1993.
# Chèvreville, Manche

Chèvreville (French pronunciation:) is a former commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Grandparigny.
# Shocks Mills Bridge

Shocks Mills Bridge carries tracks of the Norfolk Southern Railway (formerly the Atglen and Susquehanna Branch of the Pennsylvania Railroad) over the Susquehanna River between Marietta, Pennsylvania and Wago Junction, Pennsylvania.

## Construction

During the early 20th century, the PRR constructed what it referred to as its "Low-Grade Lines", branches constructed with a minimal grade to divert freight traffic from its congested and steeper main lines. One of these new lines was the Atglen and Susquehanna Branch, which left the Main Line at Parkesburg to cut cross-county to the Susquehanna River, followed the east bank of the river to Marietta, crossed the river and ran along the west bank to Wago Junction, where it met the Northern Central Railway. The line from Marietta to Wago Junction was chartered as the York Haven and Rowenna Railroad, and much of the construction, including the crossing of the Susquehanna at Shocks Mills, was done by H.S. Kerbaugh, a major PRR contractor. The bridge was first opened on January 1, 1905, as a twenty-eight span brick arch.

## Damage from Hurricane Agnes and repair

The bridge was closed during the flooding caused by Hurricane Agnes in late June 1972. Penn Central's commuter train service between Lancaster and Harrisburg was affected by the damages to the bridge, and freight traffic to Harrisburg was required to be re-routed. In August of that year, the federal bankruptcy court, overseeing the reorganization of Penn Central, gave the railroad permission to make repairs to the span, a process that was expected to take "four or five months".
# Harry Spratt

Henry Lee Spratt (July 10, 1888 – July 3, 1969) was a Major League Baseball player. He played two seasons with the Boston Rustlers / Braves from 1911 to 1912. He played as a utility infielder for the team. Prior to playing professional baseball, he attended the University of Virginia, where he was a member of Delta Chi fraternity.
# Beautiful Days (song)

"Beautiful Days" is the twenty-fourth single from the Japanese boy band Arashi. It was used as the theme song for the drama Ryūsei no Kizuna, starring Arashi member Kazunari Ninomiya.
According to Oricon, the single ranked the tenth best-selling single in Japan for the year 2008.

## Single information

The single was released in two editions: a regular edition containing six tracks which includes the instrumental versions, and a limited edition containing the title track and a DVD of the music video. "Beautiful Days" was the group's fourth single to be released in 2008, the most number of singles released in a year for the group. The release date and announcement of the single was first confirmed on the online version of the Japanese Yomiuri news on September 21, 2008 and was first heard on the TBS television program Mino Monta no Asa Zuba (みのもんたの朝ズバッ！), a day later, as promotion for Ryūsei no Kizuna. The single was available for pre-order on online shopping sites on September 27, and the full song was heard for the first time on October 5 on Ninomiya's radio program, Baystorm. A short version of the music video was also aired on M-On before live promotions of the song, which started on the music program Hey! Hey! Hey! Music Champ on the November 3rd, which was the only television promotion before the single's release.
The single was listed on Japan Gold Disc Award's list of The Best 10 Singles of 2009. It was also named Best Theme Song in the 59th Television Drama Academy Awards.

## Chart performance

The single debuted at the top spot on the Oricon daily singles chart with total index sales figure of 83,052 (an estimated 145,341 copies sold on the first day), making it the group's 13th straight number one release and their 21st number one overall with a total of 351,860 copies sold in the first week. "Beautiful Days" also topped the ranking for music program Music Station's Ringtone Ranking.
By selling a total of 421,876 copies by the end of 2008, the single emerged as the tenth best-selling single of the year in Japan. The single is certified Double Platinum by the RIAJ for shipment of 500,000 copies.
# Houston Branch

Houston Branch (March 5, 1899 – January 1968) was an American screenwriter. He wrote for 50 films from 1927 to 1958. He was born in St. Paul, Minnesota.

## Selected filmography

* Once and Forever (1927) (also story)
* The Showdown (1928) (based on Branch's play Wildcat)
* Ladies of the Night Club (1928)
* Square Shoulders (1929)
* Sioux Blood (1929)
* Shanghai Lady (1929)
* Square Shoulders (1929)
* Captain of the Guard (1930)
* I Like Your Nerve (1931)
* Safe in Hell (1931)
* Manhattan Parade (1931)
* Alias the Doctor (1932)
* The Heart of New York (1932) (play)
* Tiger Shark (1932) (story)
* The Match King (1932)
* Hard to Handle (1933) (story)
* West of Singapore (1933)
* Emergency Call (1933)
* The Silk Express (1933)
* Flaming Gold (1933)
* Don't Get Personal (1936)
* Yellowstone (1936)
* North of Nome (1936)
* Men in Exile (1937)
* Public Wedding (1937) (also story)
* The Trigger Trio (1937) (story)
* Wallaby Jim of the Islands (1937)
* Mr. Wong, Detective (1938)
* Mystery Ship (1941)
* The Blonde from Singapore (1941)
* Headin' for God's Country (1943)
* Women in Bondage (1943)
* Klondike Kate (1943)
* Block Busters (1944) (story)
* Belle of the Yukon (1944) (story)
* Girls of the Big House (1945)
* Wild Harvest (1947) (story)
* River Lady (1948)
* Untamed Frontier (1952) (story)
* Sweethearts on Parade (1953)
* City of Shadows (1955)
* Congo Crossing (1956) (story)
* A Strange Adventure (1956)
* The Wayward Girl (1957)
# Uśīnara

Ushinara (Sanskrit: Uśīnara) was an ancient Indo-Aryan tribe of north-western South Asia whose existence is attested during the Iron Age.

## Location

The Uśīnaras lived in the northernmost part of the Madhya-deśa, with the Uśīnara-giri ("Uśīnara mountain") being located near Kanakhala.

## History

The Uśīnaras, as well as the neighbouring Kekaya and Madraka tribes, were descended from the Ṛigvedic Anu tribe which lived near the Paruṣṇī river in the central Punjab region.
A queen of Uśīnara, named Uśīnarāṇī, is mentioned in the Ṛgveda.

## In mythology

The Uśīnaras appear in epic Hindu literature, especially in the Rāmāyaṇa and the Mahābhārata.
# Shoreham Hill Bridge

The Shoreham Hill Bridge is a bridge carrying the Rock Creek and Potomac Parkway across Rock Creek in Washington, DC. It is the most upstream of three bridges where the Rock Creek and Potomac Parkway switches from one side of the river to the other, the others being the bridge near P Street and the L Street Bridge.

## History

As part of the construction of the Rock Creek and Potomac Parkway in the 1930s, the original bridge was purposely built in a utilitarian style, using salvaged steel trusses from the Georgetown Aqueduct Bridge. According to Rock Creek and Potomac Parkway Commission executive officer Ulysses S. Grant III, the bridge's appearance would encourage the public to demand a more aesthetically pleasing and expensive bridge. The steel-girder bridge was constructed in 1929, part of the first stretch of the parkway opened.
It was indeed soon considered to not fit in with the desired appearance of the park, as well as being a traffic hazard, and attracted the disapproval of the United States Commission of Fine Arts, which was responsible for reviewing architecture in the capital. The new bridge was constructed in 1938 and cost nearly $103,000. Due to the volume of traffic that the bridge would handle, it was constructed in two halves: the upstream lanes of the old bridge were demolished and then that half of the new bridge was constructed, followed by the same process on the downstream lanes.
The current bridge is a concrete-arch bridge with mica schist facing quarried from Bethesda and Cabin John, Maryland, together with some granite elements. As was common in parkway design at the time, it was designed to be harmonious with its surroundings. The bridge was rehabilitated in 1987.
# Acton Reynald

Acton Reynald is a village in the north of Shropshire, England. The village is more of a hamlet in that it does not contain a public house, Post Office, or any other features typically associated with villages. It is close to the A49 which runs from Ross-on-Wye on the Welsh border to Bamber Bridge in Lancashire. The village backs on to RAF Shawbury and the village of Moreton Corbet to its east.
The village's largest building is Acton Reynald Hall, a former seat of the local landowning Corbet family, which was a private girls' school from 1919 to 1995 before reverting to being a private residence. In the 1840s the whole existing village of Acton Reynold together with several farms was demolished to facilitate the creation of the parkland.