OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mario Brunello

Mario Brunello (born 1960) is an Italian cellist and musician, who is currently Artistic Director of the International String Quartet Competition Premio Paolo Borciani and of the Reggio Emilia String Quartet Festival. Brunello plays a 17th-century Maggini cello which, in the 20th century, belonged to Benedetto Mazzacurati and then to Franco Rossi, cellist of the "Quartetto Italiano". He has played with many orchestras internationally and has performed with various artists.

## Life and career
### Origins and musical beginnings

Brunello was born in Castelfranco Veneto, Italy. He studied under Adriano Vendramelli of the Venice Conservatorio of Music and of Antonio Janigro. In 1986, he was awarded the first prize at the International Tchaikovsky Competition, Moscow, in the cello section.
In 1994, Brunello founded the "Orchestra d'Archi Italiana" (Italian String Orchestra), starting a double performing activities as a conductor in addition to that of soloist and touring in many European countries.

### Later career

Since then Brunello has played with the many orchestras in the world: London Philharmonic, Royal Philharmonic, Munich Philharmonic, Philadelphia Orchestra, Orchestre National de France, NHK Symphony Orchestra (Tokyo), Scala Philharmonic Orchestra, Santa Cecilia, only to name a few, and under conductors such as Valery Gergiev, Zubin Mehta, Riccardo Muti, Yuri Temirkanov, Riccardo Chailly, Ton Koopman, Seiji Ozawa, Daniele Gatti, Myung-Whun Chung and Claudio Abbado.
As a chamber musician Brunello has performed with artists, including Gidon Kremer, Martha Argerich, Frank Peter Zimmermann, Yuri Bashmet, Maurizio Pollini, Andrea Lucchesini, Valery Afanassiev and the Borodin and Alban Berg Quartets.
# List of ambassadors of the United States to Suriname

The following is a list of ambassadors that the United States has sent to Suriname. The current title given by the United States State Department to this position is Ambassador Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary.
| Representative | Title | Presentation of credentials | Termination of mission | Appointed by |
| Robert L. Flanagin | Chargé d'Affaires ad interim | November 25, 1975 | March 25, 1976 | Gerald Ford |
| J. Owen Zurhellen, Jr. | Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary | March 25, 1976 | June 2, 1978 | Gerald Ford |
| Nancy Ostrander | Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary | June 29, 1978 | July 8, 1980 | Jimmy Carter |
| John J. Crowley, Jr. | Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary | July 25, 1980 | December 10, 1981 | Jimmy Carter |
| Robert Werner Duemling | Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary | August 4, 1982 | August 24, 1984 | Ronald Reagan |
| Robert E. Barbour | Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary | October 25, 1984 | October 23, 1987 | Ronald Reagan |
| Richard C. Howland | Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary | December 9, 1987 | May 16, 1990 | Ronald Reagan |
| John P. Leonard | Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary | March 11, 1991 | November 1, 1993 | George H. W. Bush |
| Roger R. Gamble | Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary | November 23, 1993 | September 20, 1996 | Bill Clinton |
| Dennis K. Hays | Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary | March 14, 1997 | June 14, 2000 | Bill Clinton |
| Daniel A. Johnson | Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary | September 29, 2000 | June 3, 2003 | Bill Clinton |
| Marsha E. Barnes | Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary | September 8, 2003 | July 27, 2006 | George W. Bush |
| Lisa Bobbie Schreiber Hughes | Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary | September 28, 2006 | September 23, 2009 | George W. Bush |
| John R. Nay | Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary | October 16, 2009 | September 3, 2012 | Barack Obama |
| Jay N. Anania | Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary | November 15, 2012 | October 2, 2015 | Barack Obama |
| Edwin R. Nolan | Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary | January 11, 2016 | September 29, 2018 | Barack Obama |
| Karen L. Williams | Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary | November 20, 2018 | November 3, 2022 | Donald Trump |
| Robert J. Faucher | Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary | January 31, 2023 | Incumbent | Joe Biden |
# Panagiotis Toundas

Panagiotis Toundas (Greek: Παναγιώτης Τούντας; 1886– 23 May 1942) was a Greek composer of the early 20th century. He is probably the most famous representative of the "Smyrna School" and made a notable contribution to the creation of the rebetico style music in Greece. He was born in Smyrna and from a young age he learned to play the mandolin. In the early 20th century became a member of the Smyrneiki Estudiantina. He joined many groups and traveled a lot, especially to the Greek diaspora.
After the Great fire of Smyrna he went to Athens. In 1924, he became director of the local annex of Odeon Records. He worked with all the major record labels in Greece and was responsible for the most recordings of the era. In 1931 he assumed the position of art director for Columbia Records, and the Gramophone Company, until 1940. He worked with many musicians and many of his rebetiko songs were sung by well-known singers, such as Stelios Perpiniadis, Kostas Roukounas, Roza Eskenazi and Rita Abatzi.

## Death

Panagiotis Toundas died on 23 May 1942 in Athens.
# Kbach Kun Khmer Boran

Kbach Kun Khmer Boran (Khmer: ក្បាច់គុនខ្មែរបុរាណ, lit. 'ancient Khmer martial arts techniques') is the umbrella term encompassing all Khmer martial arts. Among them, figure Bokator (ancient Khmer battlefield martial art), Kun Khmer (formalised kickboxing), Baok Chambab (Khmer traditional wrestling) and Kbach Kun Dambong Veng (Khmer fencing). Cambodian martial arts are a thousand-year old tradition, as evidenced by archeological vestiges.

## Gallery

* Elbow strike to the head
* Arm locked submission
* Rear naked choke
* Inside leg sweep
* Long staff strikes
* Ground grappling/wrestling
* Front kicks to stomach
* Single leg grab
# HMS Newcastle (1704)

HMS Newcastle was a 50-gun fourth rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, built by Joseph Allin the elder at Sheerness Dockyard and launched on 10 March 1704.

## Service history

Newcastle was built at Sheerness by Sir J. Allin, and commissioned in 1704 under the command of Captain Vincent Cutter during the War of the Spanish Succession. Newcastle was attached to Admiral Sir John Leake's squadron, and took part in the Battle of Cabrita Point on 21 March 1705. In 1706-07 she served in Admiral George Byng's squadron in the Mediterranean, and by September 1708 was under the command of Captain Henry Herbert as part of Admiral James Mighells' squadron in the North Sea.
She sailed to Saint Helena in 1709 under the command of Captain Sampson Bourne, and was operating in the West Indies in 1711, part of the squadron commanded by Commodore James Littleton. On 10 June 1711 Newcastle engaged a French flotilla consisting of a 36-gun ship, a 24-gun hag-boat, nine privateer sloops, and two other vessels off Martinique, successfully driving them "in a very shattered condition" into the harbour of St. Pierre, and putting an end to their expedition against Antigua. On 11 August 1711 she took part in the Battle of Cartagena.
In 1713-14 she served under the command of Captain Richard Leake in the West Indies and Newfoundland, in 1717-18 under the command of Captain W. Passenger in Newfoundland and the Straits, and in 1719-20 was commanded by Captain J. Mihill in the Mediterranean, returning to Britain in 1721 commanded by Captain Edward Falkingham.
Orders were issued on 31 May 1728 for Newcastle to be taken to pieces and rebuilt at Woolwich according to the 1719 Establishment of dimensions. She was relaunched on 6 January 1732.
Newcastle was recommissioned and served under the command of Captain Ellis Brand in the West Indies from 1734 until 1736. She was recommissioned under the command of Captain Edward Baker in May 1738, serving in the Mediterranean into 1739. She was under the command of Captain T. Fox from October 1739, serving in the Channel until 1742, then in the Mediterranean until 1744. In April 1745 she was under the command of Captain J. Watkins in the Channel.
Newcastle was broken up in 1746.
# Thomas Deadrick

Thomas J. Deadrick is a former Republican member of the South Dakota House of Representatives, representing the 21st District from 2003 and 2011. He also served as the Speaker of the House. His district included Brule, Buffalo, Charles Mix, Jones and Lyman counties.
# Thailand at the 2022 Winter Olympics

Thailand competed at the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing, China, from 4 to 20 February 2022.
The Thai team consisted of two men and two women competing in two sports. Karen Chanloung and Nicola Zanon were the country's flagbearer during the opening ceremony. Meanwhile a volunteer was the flagbearer during the closing ceremony.

## Competitors

The following is the list of number of competitors participating at the Games per sport/discipline.
| Sport | Men | Women | Total |
| Alpine skiing | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Cross-country skiing | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Total | 2 | 2 | 4 |

## Alpine skiing

By meeting the basic qualification standards, Thailand has qualified one male and one female alpine skier.
| Athlete | Event | Run 1 | Run 1 | Run 2 | Run 2 | Total | Total |
| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Nicola Zanon | Men's giant slalom | 1:17.53 | 44 | 1:20.83 | 37 | 2:38.36 | 38 |
| Nicola Zanon | Men's slalom | 1:05.71 | 45 | 1:02.24 | 40 | 2:07.95 | 40 |
| Mida Fah Jaiman | Women's giant slalom | DNF | DNF | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Mida Fah Jaiman | Women's slalom | DNF | DNF | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |

## Cross-country skiing

By meeting the basic qualification standards, Thailand has qualified one male and one female cross-country skier.

### Distance

| Athlete | Event | Classical | Classical | Freestyle | Freestyle | Final | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Deficit | Rank |
| Mark Chanloung | Men's 30 km skiathlon | 47:00.0 | 62 | LAP | LAP | LAP | LAP | 60 |
| Mark Chanloung | Men's 50 km freestyle | — | — | — | — | 1:20:11.5 | +8:38.8 | 49 |
| Karen Chanloung | Women's 10 km classical | — | 33:14.0 | +5:07.7 | 63 |

### Sprint

| Athlete | Event | Qualification | Qualification | Quarterfinal | Quarterfinal | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Karen Chanloung | Women's | 3:36.00 | 61 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
# Chinese General Hospital Colleges

Chinese General Hospital Colleges is a medical school located in Manila, Philippines. It was established in 1921 as the Chinese General Hospital School of Nursing (CGHSN). It is owned and managed by the Philippine Chinese Charitable Association (PCCA) Inc. as a non-profit service organization. In 2012 the college began to offer courses such as Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology, BS in psychology, BS in Radiologic Technology and Diploma in Midwifery. In 2017 it opened the College of Medicine, which incorporates Traditional Chinese Medicine in its curriculum.

## History

The Chinese General Hospital Colleges (formerly known as Chinese General Hospital College of Nursing and Liberal Arts) was established in 1921 as the Chinese General Hospital School of Nursing (CGHSN). The idea was conceived by Dr. Jose Tee Han Kee, who was the Director of the Chinese General Hospital. With him were three physicians who organized the training school. The Missionary Sisters of the Immaculate Conception (M.I.C. Sisters) with mission houses in Hong Kong and Canton, China, were requested by Kee to help in starting the school. The first batch of five sisters arrived in August 1921. Praxedes Co Tui, a registered nurse from the Philippine General Hospital, was appointed as Chief Nurse and the first principal of the School of Nursing.
CGHC is owned and managed by the Philippine Chinese Charitable Association (PCCA) Inc. The PCCA is a non-stock, non-profit service organization.
In 2012, The college began to offer new courses namely: BS in Medical Technology, BS in psychology, BS in Radiologic Technology and Diploma in Midwifery.
In 2017, It opened the College of Medicine, which is the only school in the country that offers Doctor of Medicine with incorporation of Traditional Chinese Medicine in its curriculum. Also the same year the college begun to offer BS Physical Therapy and Senior High School (STEM Strand) and Caregiving NCII. In 2021,
In 2022, the college has also offered non-medical courses under its College of Accountancy and Entrepreneurship with two degree programs: BS in Accountancy and BS in Management Accounting, along with the integration of the Accountancy and Business Management Strand in the Senior High School Department.
# Hamdan Abu Bakar

Hamdan bin Haji Abu Bakar is a retired Bruneian politician and civil servant who served as the Deputy Minister at the Prime Minister's Office (PMO) from 2015 to 2018.

## Career

In 1989, Hamdan started working for the Brunei Ministry of Foreign Affairs as a Diplomatic Officer. After working his way up, he was named Director of the Internal Security Department (ISD) in 2010. He was concurrently named the PMO's Permanent Secretary (Security and Enforcement) in December 2010.
Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah appointed Dato Hamdan as the Deputy Minister at the PMO after he announced a cabinet reshuffle on 22 October 2015. With effect on that same day, the Sultan approved his appointment as the director of the ISD. Complying with FATF Recommendation 1 requires conducting a National Risk Assessment on money laundering and terrorist financing. As Dato Hamdan pointed out in January 2016, Brunei's first NRA intends to identify and manage these risks through a year-long project and workshops.
On 28 March 2017, Dato Hamdan met with Singapore's Police Commissioner Hoong Wee Teck to discuss crime, safety issues, and the strong cooperation between the Royal Brunei Police Force and the Singapore Police Force. In Manado, Indonesia, from 28 to 29 July, Dato Hamdan participated in the Sub Regional Meeting on Foreign Terrorist Fighters and Cross-Border Terrorism where he shared the country's strategies and experience in countering terrorism and discussed regional cooperation on this issue with other participating countries.
In the presence of representatives from both nations, including Dato Hamdan, the Brunei Intellectual Property Office (BruIPO) and the Japan Patent Office (JPO) inked an agreement on 28 August 2017, to begin the Patent Prosecution Highway Plus (PPH+) program. The Third ASEAN Plus Japan Ministerial Meeting on Transnational Crime was called by the ASEAN Ministers and Japan on 21 September. It was co-chaired by the ministers of Japan, Hachiro Okonogi, and Brunei, Dato Hamdan, to discuss the conclusions of previous meetings of high-ranking officials on transnational crime.
On 30 January 2018, Brunei's monarch announced an unexpected cabinet reshuffle, leading to the stepping down of several long-serving ministers and the non-reappointment of Deputy Minister Dato Hamdan.

## Honours

Dato Hamdan has earned the following honours;
National
* Order of Seri Paduka Mahkota Brunei First Class (SPMB; 15 July 2017) – Dato Seri Paduka; Second Class (DPMB)
Foreign
* Singapore:
** Meritorious Service Medal (PJG; 24 November 2015)
# Marin Parapancea

Marin Parapancea (born 24 October 1950) is a Romanian weightlifter. He competed in the men's super heavyweight event at the 1980 Summer Olympics.
# Biatoropsis

Biatoropsis is a genus of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungi of uncertain familial placement in the order Tremellales. It comprises 11 species that parasitise various species in the fruticose lichen genera Usnea and Protousnea.

## Taxonomy

The genus was circumscribed in 1935 by the Finnish lichenologist Veli Räsänen, who assigned Biatoropsis usnearum as the type species. The genus remained monospecific for several decades, until research, starting in the 1990s, showed that B. usnearum represented a species complex. Since then another ten species have been added to the genus.

## Description

Biatoropsis is a genus of fungi that parasitises lichens (making it lichenicolous). The fungus produces reproductive structures called basidiomata that vary in both shape and colour, with a waxy-gelatinous texture similar to jelly.
At a microscopic level, the internal tissue (context) consists of thread-like cells called hyphae that lack specialised connecting structures known as clamps. The fungus penetrates its host using specialised feeding structures called haustoria, which have a distinctive twisted or convoluted form characteristic of the Tremellales order of fungi. The reproductive surface (hymenium) contains numerous immature spore-producing cells called probasidia. These initially develop in a club-shaped form and may or may not have a clamp at their base. Unlike some related fungi, Biatoropsis lacks specialised sterile cells called hyphidia and cystidia in its hymenium.
When fully mature, the spore-producing cells (basidia) are club-shaped to almost cylindrical and divided by cross-walls (septa). These cells develop extensions called epibasidia that are roughly cylindrical in shape. The spores (basidiospores) they produce are nearly spherical to elliptical in shape and have a distinctive side projection called an apiculus. When these spores germinate, they do so by producing a tube-like growth.
The fungus can also reproduce asexually in several ways. It commonly produces chains of spores called catenulate conidia. In one rare observation, crescent-shaped (lunate) conidia were documented. In one species of Biatoropsis, the basidia themselves can function as cells that produce asexual spores – these spores are colourless and lack internal divisions.
All species in the genus parasitise speciess of the fruticose lichen genera Usnea and Protousnea, causing galls in infected species.

## Species

As of December 2024, Species Fungorum (in the Catalogue of Life) accepts 11 species of Biatoropsis:
* Biatoropsis angulatae Diederich & Millanes (2022)
* Biatoropsis antarcticae Diederich, Etayo & Millanes (2022)
* Biatoropsis hafellneri Millanes, Diederich, M.Westb. & Wedin (2016)
* Biatoropsis hirtae Diederich & Millanes (2022)
* Biatoropsis macaronesica Diederich & Millanes (2022)
* Biatoropsis millanesiana Diederich & Wedin (2020)
* Biatoropsis minuta Millanes, Diederich, M.Westb. & Wedin (2016)
* Biatoropsis nigrescens Diederich, Millanes & F.Berger (2022)
* Biatoropsis protousneae Millanes, Diederich, M.Westb. & Wedin (2016)
* Biatoropsis rubicundae Diederich & Millanes (2022)
* Biatoropsis usnearum Räsänen (1934)
# Kassiopi

Kassiopi (Greek: Κασσιόπη) is a fishing village on the affluent northeast coast of Corfu, Greece. It is in the municipal unit of Kassopaia. Historically a small traditional fishing village, its surroundings have largely been developed with luxury villas. Kassiopi remains a summer social centre heavily visited by tourists, particularly popular with visitors from the United Kingdom and Italy.

## Demographics

| Year | Village population | Community population |
| 1981 | 720 | - |
| 1991 | 872 | - |
| 2001 | 1,076 | 1,170 |
| 2011 | 812 | 977 |
| 2021 | 988 | 1,147 |

## History

The town is said to have been founded during the reign of Pyrrhus, King of Epirus in the 3rd century BC, as a supply post during his war with Rome. After the Roman conquest of the island in 230 BC, many emperors visited, most prominently Emperor Nero, who came to a Temple to Zeus here.
Much of a small headland to the north of the resort is taken up by a Byzantine fortress. The fortress was subsequently fortified further by the Venetians, and survived sieges from the Ottoman Turks in the 16th century. Today parts of the fortress's walls can be seen from the coastal road around the headland.

## About Kassiopi

Οn this coast, as well as the ubiquitous "tourist shops" and every kind of eating and drinking facility, there are banks with cash machines, doctors and pharmacies, internet cafes and supermarkets, a primary school and an Orthodox church, travel agents and a police station. The High School of Kassiopi is located just outside the main village in the neighbourhood of Imerolia.
Motor boats, which can be driven by children or adults during the daytime only, are available for hire by the day or week. Excursions run daily from the harbour to all parts of the island.
The road runs through the edge of the village; a loop takes buses as far as the village square, some 229 m (250 yd) from the harbour. In an attempt to alleviate the traffic density that occurred around the harbour, a Car and Coach Park is provided at the top of the village. One or two taxis (which run 24 hours a day all over the island) are based here. Both the village and its surrounding areas are safe at all times of the day, with crime rates having remained consistently low for the whole northeast coast.
Sometime in the 5th century the temple of Kassios Zeus was converted to a Christian church to honour the Holy Mother – Panayia Kassopitra. In 1537 the church was burned to the ground by the Turks, it was restored between 1590 and 1591. The new church had two altars to accommodate both Catholic and Orthodox religions and inscriptions on the church bear the dates 1590, 1670 and 1832.
# José Schmidt

José Carlos Schmidt, also known as Zeca Schmidt, is a Brazilian former professional tennis player.
Schmidt, who played collegiate tennis at Florida State University, won a bronze medal for Brazil at the 1975 Pan American Games, partnering João Soares in the men's doubles. The same year he won the Pensacola Invitational tournament.
While competing on the professional tour he won three Challenger doubles titles with Thomaz Koch and the pair were doubles finalists at a Grand Prix tournament in Itaparica in 1982, but had to retire in the second set. His career high doubles ranking was 82 in the world.
Brazilian Davis Cup player Ricardo Bernd is his cousin.

## Grand Prix career finals
### Doubles: 1 (0–1)

| Outcome | Year | Tournament | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
| Loss | 1982 | Itaparica, Brazil | Carpet | Thomaz Koch | Givaldo Barbosa João Soares | 6–7, 1–2, RET. |

## Challenger titles
### Doubles: (3)

| No. | Year | Tournament | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
| 1. | 1982 | Campos, Brazil | Clay | Thomaz Koch | Givaldo Barbosa João Soares | 6–2, 6–7, 7–6 |
| 2. | 1982 | São Paulo, Brazil | Carpet | Thomaz Koch | Julio Goes Ney Keller | 6–4, 7–6 |
| 3. | 1983 | Campos, Brazil | Hard | Thomaz Koch | Júlio Góes Ney Keller | 7–6, 6–2 |

## ILTF finals
### Singles: (1)

| No. | Year | Tournament | Surface | Opponents | Score |
| 1. | 1975 | Pensacola Invitational, USA | Clay | Ricardo Bernd | 6–4, 7–6 |
# Ilie Enciu

Ilie Enciu (born 24 December 1924) was a Romanian weightlifter. He competed in the men's middleweight event at the 1952 Summer Olympics.