# 2016 Green Party presidential primaries

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The 2016 Green Party presidential primaries were a series of primaries, caucuses and state conventions in which voters elected delegates to represent a candidate for the Green Party's nominee for President of the United States at the 2016 Green National Convention. The primaries, held in numerous states on various dates from January to July 2016, featured elections publicly funded and held as an alternative ballot, concurrent with the Democratic and Republican primaries, and elections privately funded by the Green Party, held non-concurrently with the major party primaries. Over 400 delegates to the Green National Convention were elected in these primaries, with a candidate needing a simple majority of these delegates to become the party's nominee for president.
A total of six candidates stood in the primaries, including the preceding Green nominee for president in the 2012 presidential election, Jill Stein, who sought the nomination for a second time. Other candidates included Sedinam Moyowasifza-Curry, who had previously worked as a campaign manager for the presidential campaign of the Green Party's 2008 nominee, Cynthia McKinney, in addition to singer-songwriter and Earth First! activist Darryl Cherney, perennial candidate Kent Mesplay, University of South Carolina professor William Kreml, and youth rights activist Elijah Manley.
Formal recognition is a requirement to be the Green Party's nominee. On May 4, the Green Party of the United States formally recognized William Kreml and Jill Stein as candidates for its presidential nomination. On June 15, the Stein campaign announced that it had received 203 delegates, enough to win the nomination on the first ballot at the National Convention. Jill Stein formally won the nomination on August 6, during the 2016 Green National Convention.
As the Green Party presidential candidate in the 2016 United States presidential election Stein received 1,457,222 votes or 1.06% of the popular vote. Stein received zero electoral college votes.

## Background

The 2016 United States presidential election was the fourth contested by the Green Party of the United States since they split from the Greens/Green Party USA (G/GPUSA) in 2001. The 2004 presidential election saw Green nominee David Cobb appear on ballots in 27 states plus the District of Columbia, and received 0.10% of the popular vote, losing out to many other candidates and parties on the ballot, including third-placed independent Ralph Nader, who had been the presidential nominee of the G/GPUSA in the 1996 and 2000 elections. In the 2008 election, Cynthia McKinney was nominated as the Green Party's candidate for the presidency and had ballot access to 32 states plus DC. However, McKinney insignificantly improved upon Cobb's performance, capturing only 0.12% of the popular vote in an election that also saw Nader finish a strong third behind the Democratic and Republican parties.
Having received minimal publicity in the previous elections, thus contributing to the low voting share that the party received, the Green Party gained significant exposure and media attention in the lead-up to the 2012 Green National Convention and the 2012 presidential election, starting with media personality Roseanne Barr's announcement of her presidential run with the Green Party. Using the publicity gained from the announcement, Barr praised the Green Party and championed their beliefs through interviews and public statements, which were often profane and harshly critical of both the Democratic and Republican parties. Barr, however, lost the nomination at the 2012 Green National Convention to physician and activist Jill Stein, who had gained the support of Green Party delegates through her "Green New Deal" platform of progressive economic policies centered on the prevention of future financial crisises and the acceleration of global warming. Stein's campaign for the presidency focused mostly on keeping the publicity gained by the Green Party and gaining support from independents and dissenting Democratic and Republican voters, often echoing resentment towards the two parties. This included a court challenge against the Commission on Presidential Debates by Stein that sought to include her in the official presidential election debates. Stein's campaign also gained media attention and exposure through a series of nonviolent protests, including those against the presidential debates, the Keystone XL pipeline, and foreclosures, which had Stein arrested, and even jailed, numerous times.
On election day, Stein oversaw a relatively sharp rise in the Green Party's popularity, earning 0.36% of the popular vote (469,628 votes), across the Green Party's ballot access in 36 states plus DC. The result was triple the amount Cynthia McKinney received in 2008, pushing the Green Party from a lower-tier third party to the second most popular third party, trailing behind the Libertarian Party, who had nominated the popular former Governor of New Mexico Gary Johnson as their presidential candidate, also setting numerous Libertarian Party and presidential third party records. The election also notably made Stein the most successful female presidential candidate in U.S. history, surpassing Lenora Fulani's bid for the presidency in the 1988 election, with the New Alliance Party, who had ballot access in all states plus DC and earned 217,219 votes that year. Despite her success, however, Stein's campaign was criticized by those who felt that she had failed to capitalise on her momentum and gain an even bigger success.

## Candidates

The national Green Party of the United States officially recognized two candidates, Jill Stein and William Kreml, while four additional candidates have appeared on several state—or territory—ballots.
| Candidate | Most recent position | Campaign | Projected Delegates | Delegations with plurality |
| Candidates formally recognized by GPUS ||||||
| Jill Stein | Lexington Town Meeting member (2005–2011) | (Campaign • Endorsements • Website) | 269.5 / 402(67%) | 34 AZ, CA, CO, CT, DE, FL, GA, HI IL, IA, LGC, LA, MA, MI, MS, MD, ME, MN, MO, NJ, NM, NY, OH, OR, PA, RI, TN, TX, VA, WA, DC, WV, WI, YGC |
| Bill Kreml | Distinguished Professor Emeritus, University of South Carolina | Endorsed Jill Stein (Website) | 20.25 / 402(5.05%) | 1 SC |
| Other candidates ||||||
| Sedinam Moyowasifza-Curry | People's National Convention organizer | (Website) | 13 / 402(3.48%) | None |
| Elijah Manley | Chapter President of the National Youth Rights Association, Florida State Director of the Alliance Against Corporal Punishment (2015–Present) | Endorsed Jill Stein (Website) | 10 / 402(2.49%) | None |
| Darryl Cherney | Earth First! organizer (1980–present) | Endorsed Jill Stein (Website) | 7 / 402(2.24%) | None |
| Kent Mesplay | Inspector at the Air Pollution Control District of San Diego County (2001–2015) | (Website Archived November 11, 2020, at the Wayback Machine) | 6 / 402(1.74%) | None |
| Alternate ballot options ||||||
| Other or None of the above | N/A | N/A | 10 / 402(2.49%) | None |

## Debates

The Green Party of New Mexico and Students Organizing Action for Peace hosted a debate on April 9 at the University of New Mexico's Student Union Building. The debate was streamed online through Burque Media Productions. All five candidates recognized by the national party were invited.

## Results

| | | Winning | Winning | Winning | Projected delegates | Projected delegates | Projected delegates | Projected delegates | Projected delegates | Projected delegates | Projected delegates | Projected delegates |
| Date | State | Candidate | Vote | Percent | Stein | Kreml | Curry | Mesplay | Cherney | Manley | Other | Total |
| February 17 | Illinois | Jill Stein | 119 | 87% | 20 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 23 |
| March 1 | Massachusetts | Jill Stein | 768 | 48% | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 10 |
| March 1 | Minnesota | Jill Stein | 70 | 84% | 4 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 |
| March 19 | Maine | Jill Stein | - | - | 9 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 11 |
| March 22 | Arizona | Jill Stein | 688 | 79% | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
| April 2 | Delaware | Jill Stein | 14 | 100% | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| April 3 | Virginia | Jill Stein | 35 | 76% | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| April 3 | Colorado | Jill Stein | - | - | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| April 3 | Ohio | Jill Stein | - | 61% | 6 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 |
| April 5 | Young Greens | Jill Stein | 66 | 92% | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| April 10 | Texas | Jill Stein | - | - | 15 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 23 |
| April 16 | Wisconsin | Jill Stein | - | - | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 |
| April 17 | New Jersey | Jill Stein | - | - | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| April 30 | Pennsylvania | Jill Stein | 50 | 83% | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 |
| April 30 | Connecticut | Jill Stein | 24 | 89% | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 7 |
| April 30 | Missouri | Jill Stein | - | - | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| April 30 | New Mexico | Jill Stein | - | - | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| April 30 | South Carolina | William Kreml | 13 | 56% | 3 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 |
| May 15 | Washington | Jill Stein | - | - | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| May 21 | Mississippi | Jill Stein | - | - | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| May 21 | Oregon | Jill Stein | - | - | 6 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 8 |
| May 21 | Rhode Island | Jill Stein | - | - | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| May 28 | Hawaii | Jill Stein | - | - | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| June 4 | Georgia | Jill Stein | - | - | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| June 4 | Tennessee | Jill Stein | - | - | 3½ | ½ | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| June 7 | California | Jill Stein | 11,206 | 76% | 40 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 50 |
| June 11 | New York | Jill Stein | 127 | 89% | 16 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 18 |
| June 12 | Maryland | Jill Stein | 51 | 96% | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
| June 14 | Washington, DC | Jill Stein | - | - | 4 | ¼ | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| June 25 | North Carolina | Jill Stein | - | – | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| June 26 | Nebraska | Jill Stein | - | - | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| June 28 | Lavender Greens | Jill Stein | - | - | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| July 9 | Iowa | Jill Stein | - | - | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| July 16 | West Virginia | Jill Stein | - | - | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| July 30 | Louisiana | Jill Stein | - | - | 4 | 1 | – | – | – | – | - | 4 |
| July 31 | Michigan | Jill Stein | - | - | 15 | ½ | – | – | – | – | - | 15 |
| July 31 | Florida | Jill Stein | - | 58.88% | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 25 |
| - | Other | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 73 |
| Total | United States | | | | 269½ | 20.25 | 13 | 6 | 7 | 10 | 10 | 402 |