OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# PP-251 Bahawalpur-VII

PP-251 Bahawalpur-VII (پی پی-251، بہاولپور-7) is a Constituency of Provincial Assembly of Punjab.

## General elections 2024

Provincial election 2024: PP-251 Bahawalpur-VII :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | PML(N) | Malik Khalid Mehmood Babar | 43,557 | 37.33 | |
| | Independent | Sahabzada M Usman Khan Abbasi | 29,435 | 25.22 | |
| | PPP | Syed Naseem Abbas Bukhari | 19,815 | 16.98 | |
| | JUI (F) | Qari Muhammad Hammad Ullah | 7,430 | 6.37 | |
| | Independent | Raees Abdul Qayyum | 5,754 | 4.93 | |
| | TLP | Muhammad Abbas | 5,529 | 4.74 | |
| | Others | Others (twelve candidates) | 5,177 | 4.43 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 121,283 | 51.78 | |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 116,697 | 96.22 | |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 4,586 | 3.78 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 14,122 | 12.11 | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 234,250 | | |
| | hold | hold | hold | hold | hold |

## General elections 2018

Provincial election 2018: PP-251 Bahawalpur-VII :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | PML(N) | Malik Khalid Mehmood Babar | 43,058 | 42.06 |
| | PTI | Sardar Malik Jahan Zaib Waaran | 21,806 | 21.30 |
| | PPP | Syed Naseem Abbas Bukhari | 20,717 | 20.24 |
| | Independent | Sahibzada Shahzain Abbasi | 12,245 | 11.96 |
| | TLP | Muhammad Ijaz | 4,386 | 4.28 |
| | Independent | Rafat Ur Rehman Rahmani | 159 | 0.16 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 107,003 | 55.79 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 102,371 | 95.67 |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 4,632 | 4.33 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 21,252 | 20.76 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 191,804 | |

## General elections 2013

| Contesting Candidates | Party Affiliation | Votes Polled |

## General elections 2008

| Contesting Candidates | Party Affiliation | Votes Polled |
# KV12

Located in the Valley of the Kings, Tomb KV12 is an unusual tomb, used originally in the Eighteenth Dynasty of Ancient Egypt, and then again in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Dynasties. It was probably used for multiple burials of royal family members, similarly to KV5.
The builders of KV9 broke unintentionally into KV12 whilst excavating that tomb. James Burton, who visited the tomb in the 1820s or 1830s, recorded the presence of mummified remains.
# Anne Davaille

Anne Davaille is a French geophysicist and director of research at the CNRS, France in the field of Earth Sciences. Davaille is known for her innovative experiments using thermochemical convection in fluids to simulate the mantles of planets. She uses these experiments to analyze fluid mechanics that create a new understanding of convective regimes in Earth and other planets.

## Education and career

Anne Davaille states that her interest in Earth Science was sparked in her childhood by the project FAMOUS scientific exploration. Davaille graduated from ESPCI in 1988. She defended her PhD thesis, Thermal convection in a variable viscosity fluid. Applications to the Earth in 1991, under the supervision of Claude Jaupart at University Paris VI and IPGP.
Davaille is a director of research at the FAST laboratory (Fluides, Automatique et Systèmes Thermiques) of the Université Paris-Sud. Her work focuses on the understanding of fluid mechanics in the mantle of planets, with an emphasis on laboratory experimentation. She has worked extensively on the physics of mantle plumes on Earth as well as on other rocky planets.

## Awards and honors

Davaille is the recipient of the 2019 Augustus Love medal of the European Geosciences Union for her innovative experiments and analysis of fluid mechanics to understand convective regimes in the mantle and magmatic systems of the Earth and other planets.
In 2019 Anne Davaille was awarded the Augustus Love Medal of the European Geosciences Union “for her experiments and analysis of fluid mechanics to understand convective regimes in the mantle and magmatic systems of Earth and the solar system”. The Augustus Love Medal is “awarded to a distinguished scientist in the field of geodynamics, comprising mantle and core convection, tectonophysics, post-glacial rebound and Earth rotation.”

## Research

As a Senior Researcher and Director of Research of the FAST lab at Paris-Sud University, Anne Davaille’s work is centered around fluid mechanics. Her research emphasizes unique laboratory experimentation through innovative and creative ideas. She has done extensive work on the physics of mantle plumes on Earth and other rocky planets (planetary dynamics). Her research has led to new interpretations for the origin of hot spots and superswells as well as isotopic anomalies within the Earth’s mantle.
Some of her highlighted work include studying the onset of small-scale convection beneath the lid of layers with strongly temperature dependent viscosity. Anne has also detailed the existence of a doming regime in fluids above a lower density layer at the base of mantles in rocky planets. She has also introduced new techniques to accurately measure temperatures, compositions, and velocities within fluid masses like that of the mantle Earth. Anne’s work with other rocky planets has contributed to a greater understanding of the onset of subduction on Venus.
# Miai Station

Miai Station (美合駅, Miai-eki) is a railway station in the city of Okazaki, Aichi, Japan, operated by Meitetsu.

## Lines

Miai Station is served by the Meitetsu Nagoya Main Line and is 25.6 kilometers from the terminus of the line at Toyohashi Station.

## Station layout

The station has two elevated island platforms connected by an elevated station building. The station has automated ticket machines, Manaca automated turnstiles and is staffed.

### Platforms

| 1, 2 | ■ Nagoya Main Line | For Higashi Okazaki and Meitetsu Nagoya |
| 3, 4 | ■ Nagoya Main Line | For Toyohashi and Toyokawa-inari |

## Adjacent stations

| ← | Service | → |
| Meitetsu Nagoya Main Line |||||
| Motojuku | Express (急行) | Higashi Okazaki |
| Fujikawa | Semi Express (準急) | Otogawa |
| Fujikawa | Local (普通) | Otogawa |

## Station history

Miai Station was opened on 1 April 1926 as a station on the privately held Aichi Electric Railway. The Aichi Electric Railway was acquired by the Meitetsu Group on 1 August 1935. The station platforms and tracks were elevated in December 1987 and the station building was rebuilt at that time.

## Passenger statistics

In fiscal 2017, the station was used by an average of 8,402 passengers daily.

## Surrounding area

* Aichi College of Agriculture
* Okazaki Technical High School
# Erna Herbers

Erna Herbers (née Westhelle; born 2 May 1925) is a German retired swimmer. She competed at the 1952 Summer Olympics in the 100 m backstroke event, but failed to reach the final. In 1948 she won the German 100 m backstroke title, but missed the 1948 Olympics because Germany was excluded from them.
She was born in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, and grew up in Hilversum, where she started swimming aged 12. Her family had bonds with Germany, as her father was German and was employed by a German company. Westhelle herself worked as a stenographer at a Waffen-SS office in Hilversum and competed for the German club Undine Mönchen-Gladbach. In 1943 she won the German 100 m backstroke title, for which she received a personal present from the SS-Gruppenführer Karl Maria Demelhuber. During World War II she met her future husband and in 1945 moved with him to Germany; there she changed her last name to Herbers. She retired from swimming in 1953, and in 1970 moved to Hilden, a town near the German-Dutch border.
# Hassan Latheef

Hassan Latheef (Dhivehi: ހަސަން ލަތީފް) is a Maldivian politician who served as the President of The Democrats from 2023 to 2025 and was the former Chairperson of the Maldivian Democratic Party as well as the former People's Majlis member for the West Henveiru Constituency.

## Career

He started his political career as being a member of the Social Liberal Party. Later, he became the Minister of Human Resources, Youth and Sports during the Nasheed administration. He was also announced as the Civil Rights Minister in the Maldives United Opposition's shadow cabinet. He became the People's Majlis member for the West Henveiru Constituency. He left MDP in 2023 and was one of the founding members of The Democrats and was the first Party President. In 2025, he resigned as party president and rejoined the MDP.
# Praxis Care

Praxis Care (formerly Praxis Care Group, Praxis Care International, and Praxis Care Mental Health) is a charity headquartered in Belfast, Northern Ireland. It was incorporated on 3 July 1984,.
It is a company limited by guarantee (NI017623). It has charitable tax status with HM Revenue & Customs (XN80842). It is registered with the Charity Commission for Northern Ireland (NIC103672), The Charities Regulator (Ireland - RCN 20100919) and with HMAG on the Isle of Man (826)

## Activities

Praxis Care provides a range of accommodation and support services including residential and supported living, domiciliary care, floating support, home response, carers advocacy, day centers, a befriending department and work skills projects. The people it supports have learning disabilities, mental ill health, dementia and autism. Praxis Care has a dedicated in-house research department which monitors issues as diverse as staff and supported people satisfaction and the evaluation of schemes, as well as doing research into relevant issues.
The organization runs services across Northern Ireland, the Isle of Man, England and the Republic of Ireland. The revenue for Praxis Care in 2023 was £66.7 million

## Staff

Nevin Ringland founded the original Praxis Mental Health in 1981 and retired in March 2019. He became the Patron of Praxis Care, while Andy Mayhew took over as chief executive. Carol Breen became CEO in 2023 upon Mayhew's retirement.
The organization has nearly 2,000 staff and volunteers. They were named Employer of the Year at the National Learning Disability and Autism Awards 2023 in Northern Ireland.
# WD 2359−434

WD 2359-434 (Gliese 915, LHS 1005, L 362-81) is a nearby degenerate star (white dwarf) of spectral class DAP5.8, the single known component of the system, located in the constellation Phoenix, the nearest star in this constellation.

## Distance

Currently, the most accurate distance estimate of WD 2359−434 is a trigonometric parallax from Gaia DR3: 120.0143±0.0215 mas, corresponding to a distance of 8.332±0.001 pc, or 27.176±0.005 ly. WD 2359−434 is the 13th closest white dwarf to the Sun.

## Physical parameters

WD 2359−434's mass is 0.85 ± 0.01 Solar masses, its surface gravity is 10$^{8.39±0.01}$ (2.45 · 10$^8$) cm·s$^{−2}$, or approximately 250,000 of Earth's, corresponding to a radius 6780 km, or 1.06 of Earth's.
WD 2359−434 is relatively hot and young white dwarf, its temperature is 8570 ± 50 K; its cooling age, i. e. age as degenerate star (not including lifetime as main sequence star and as giant star) is 1.82 ± 0.06 Gyr. Gliese 518 should appear bluish-white, due temperature, comparable with that of A-type main sequence stars.
As all white dwarfs, WD 2359−434 is composed of very dense degenerate matter, its mean density is 1,300,000 g·cm$^{−3}$, i.e. mass of one cubic millimetre of WD 2359−434 matter is 1.3 kg.
Unusually for a white dwarf star, WD 2359-434 has a weak, non-dipole magnetic field of 50,000 - 100,000 Gauss.

## Main sequence progenitor properties

As all degenerate stars, WD 2359−434 previously existed initially as main-sequence star and then as giant star, until all the thermonuclear fuel was exhausted, after which WD 2359−434 lost most of its mass. According to the 2010 thesis for the degree of Doctor of Science, using Wood model D initial–final mass relation and WD 2359−434's white dwarf mass value 0.97 ± 0.03 M$_☉$ from Holberg et al. 2008, its main sequence progenitor mass was 7.09 M$_☉$. Using expression for pre-white dwarf lifetime 10 · (M$_{MS}$/M$_☉$)$^{2.5}$ (Gyr), was found WD 2359−434 main sequence age 0.07 Gyr.
White dwarf mass value 0.85 ± 0.01 M$_☉$ from Subasavage et al. 2009, in Wood model D yields MS (main sequence) mass 6.03 M$_☉$, and MS lifetime 0.11 Gyr, corresponding to B-type main sequence star.
According to initial-final mass relation from Weidemann 2000 paper, WD 2359−434's main sequence progenitor should have mass about 4.6 M$_☉$ and lifespan 0.22 Gyr, and, again, should be of B spectral type. There are also other models.
# Stepping Stone (Lari White song)

"Stepping Stone" is a song by American country music artist Lari White, written by White, David Kent, and Craig Wiseman. It was released on May 4, 1998, via country radio as the lead single to her fourth studio album of the same name (1998) by Lyric Street Records and was the label's first official release. It is one of the album's two tracks she co-wrote. A video was not released.
The track became a decent success for White, hitting number 16 on the US Hot Country Songs chart and number 10 on the Canada RPM Country Tracks, becoming White's only top-ten single in Canada. It also became White's only song to enter the Billboard Hot 100, hitting number 76. The track later received an ASCAP award for its writers.

## Background

At the time of the song's writing, White had left her previous record deal with RCA Records Nashville when co-writer David Kent e-mailed her a poem titled "Stepping Stone". She and Craig Wiseman later finished the song. Randy Goodman, founder of Lyric Street Records took an interest in making her his flagship artist for the then-new record label after the success of her song "Helping Me Get Over You" with Travis Tritt. Upon her singing with Lyric Street Records in early 1998, the label selected "Stepping Stone" as a single, thus making it the label's first release.

## Content

According to sheet music published on Musicnotes.com, "Stepping Stone" is played in the key of G major and a metronome of 80. The track is an empowerment anthem that uses life's obstacles as stepping stones.

## Critical reception

Deborah Evans Price of Billboard magazine gave the track a positive review saying, "The marriage of strong percussion and jangly guitars makes for a thoroughly engaging track. Country radio programmers should welcome this with open arms." Paulette Flowers of Portsmouth Daily Times said it was White singing at her best.

## Chart performance

"Stepping Stone" debuted at number 62 on the US Billboard Hot Country Songs chart the week of May 16, 1998. It reached the top-forty the week of June 6, 1998, at number 38, becoming her sixth top-forty hit. It peaked at number 16 on the chart for the week of August 22, 1998. It spent 20 weeks in total on the chart.

## Track listing

7-inch, CD, and cassette single
* "Stepping Stone" – 3:29
* "Tired" – 4:50

## Personnel

Taken from the Stepping Stone booklet.
* Paul Leim – drums
* Mike Brignardello – bass
* Biff Watson – acoustic guitar
* Dann Huff – electric guitar
* John Hobbs – B3
* Paul Franklin – steel guitar
* Aubrey Haynie – fiddle
* Terry McMillan – percussion
* Lisa Cochran and Chris Rodriguez – background vocals
* Lari White – background vocals and vocal arrangement
# REBELS-25

REBELS-25 is a massive, star-forming rotating disc galaxy with a redshift of 7.31. It was discovered using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), notice of its discovery was published in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. REBELS-25 existed just 700 million years after the Big Bang. The discovery of such an ancient galaxy not only makes it the oldest known galaxy, but it is another piece of mounting evidence that suggests cosmologists need to revise their previous notions on galactic evolution.
REBELS-25 is very complex compared to what was expected for a galaxy of its age: researchers discovered that it rotates (with the help of blueshift and redshift), and also shows traces of spiral arms as "modern" galaxies, like the Milky Way, has. Lucie Rowland, lead author of the REBELS-25 discovery paper, said about this ancient galaxy that "Seeing a galaxy with such similarities to our own Milky Way, that is strongly rotation-dominated, challenges our understanding of how quickly galaxies in the early Universe evolve into the orderly galaxies of today's cosmos".
# Ton van Klooster

Anton ("Ton") Willem van Klooster (born 17 February 1954) is a former freestyle swimmer from the Netherlands. He competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics and was eliminated in the heats of the 400 m and 1500 m freestyle events. Twenty years later he was the head coach of the Dutch Olympic Swim Team at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain.
# Itaubal

Itaubal (Portuguese pronunciation: also Itaubal do Piririm) is a municipality located in the southeast of the state of Amapá in Brazil. Its population is 5,617 and its area is 1,704 square kilometres (658 sq mi). Itaubal is located 112 kilometres (70 mi) from the state capitol of Macapá.

## History

Itaubal was built on the right bank of the Piririm River. First reports of habitation date from 1935. In 1940, more migrants settled in the village. In 1992, it became an independent municipality. The economy is based on forestry, subsistence farming and livestock.
It takes its name from the itaúba (Mezilaurus itauba), a valuable species of laurel. The tree was once found in great abundance in the region, but is now endangered. Itaubal is bordered to the southeast by the delta of the Amazon River, and surrounded by Macapá to the southwest, west, and north.

## Climate

This city has a tropical monsoon climate (Köppen: Am). The wet season, typically occurring during February, is marked by heavy rainfall and high humidity.
# Non compos mentis

Non compos mentis is a Latin legal phrase that translates to "of unsound mind": nōn ("not") prefaces compos mentis, meaning "having control of one's mind." This phrase was used in English law as early as the seventeenth century to describe people afflicted by madness, the loss of memory or ability to reason.

## Usage

The status of non compos mentis applied to those who were not mad from birth, but became so later in life through no fault of their own. The property and interests of such a person could be committed to another party to conserve and administer them for the duration of their madness. Their criminal culpability was also limited except in cases of high treason. This contrasted with "natural fools" who were mad from birth and whose property interests passed to the crown, and habitual drunkards, who could claim no defense of madness.

## Prosecution of suicide

Non compos mentis and felo de se (the Latin word for "self-murder") presented two different verdicts in the case of a suicide. In the finding of a jury, the deceased who was stigmatized felo de se would be excluded from burial in consecrated ground and would forfeit their estate to the Crown, while these penalties would not apply to the deceased affirmed non compos mentis.
Suicide was a severe crime in Tudor and early Stuart England and was considered a form of murder; a sin not only in the eyes of the Church but also defined by criminal law. The state of mind of self-killers at the time they committed their fatal deed was crucial. To be judged guilty of "self-murder", one had to be sane. Men and women who killed themselves when they were mad or otherwise mentally incompetent were considered innocent. The verdict would be made by a jury. The penalty for suicide in England originated in the ancient world and evolved gradually into their early modern form; similar laws and customs existed in many parts of Europe. Born of domestic beliefs, the ritual of punishing suicide, which is usually concerned with the suicidal corpse, embodies the notion that suicide is polluting, and that the suicide should be ostracized by the community of the living and the dead. The theological and legal severity increased in the High Middle Ages. The medieval theologian Thomas Aquinas extended Augustine's arguments against suicide and added the new interpretation of "violation of natural law" to it. Most western European governments began to promulgate laws to confiscate some of a suicide's property.
However, attitudes to suicide changed profoundly after 1660, following the English Revolution. After the civil war, political and social changes, judicial and ecclesiastical severity gave way to official leniency for most people who died by suicide. Non compos mentis verdicts increased greatly, and felo de se verdicts became as rare as non compos mentis had been two centuries earlier. However, the laws against suicide and the verdicts felo de se and non compos mentis did not fade until the late nineteenth century.
# 17th United States Colored Infantry Regiment

The 17th United States Colored Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. The regiment was composed of African American enlisted men commanded by white officers and was authorized by the Bureau of Colored Troops which was created by the United States War Department on May 22, 1863.

## Service

The 17th U.S. Colored Infantry was organized in Nashville, Tennessee beginning December 12, 1863 and mustered in for three-year service under the command of Colonel William Rufus Shafter.
The regiment was attached to Post of Murfreesboro, Tennessee, Department of the Cumberland, to April 1864. Post and District of Nashville, Tennessee, Department of the Cumberland, to December 1864. 1st Colored Brigade, District of the Etowah, Department of the Cumberland, to January 1865. Post and District of Nashville, Tennessee, Department of the Cumberland, to April 1866.
The 17th U.S. Colored Infantry mustered out of service April 30, 1866.

## Detailed service

Duty at McMinnville and Murfreesboro, Tenn., until November 1864. Battle of Nashville, Tenn., December 15–16. Overton Hill December 16. Pursuit of Hood to the Tennessee River December 17–27. Decatur December 28–30. Duty at Post of Nashville, Tenn., until April 1866.

## Commanders

* Colonel William Rufus Shafter
# Shahid Wasif

Shahid Wasif (born 15 May 1997) is a Pakistani-born Hong Kong cricketer. He is a right-handed batsman and right-arm off break bowler. He made his Twenty20 International (T20I) debut against Ireland on 5 September 2016. He made his One Day International (ODI) debut against Scotland on 8 September 2016.
In December 2018, he was named in Hong Kong's team for the 2018 ACC Emerging Teams Asia Cup. In April 2019, he was named in Hong Kong's squad for the 2019 ICC World Cricket League Division Two tournament in Namibia. In September 2019, he was named in Hong Kong's squad for the 2019 ICC T20 World Cup Qualifier tournament in the United Arab Emirates. In November 2019, he was named in Hong Kong's squad for the 2019 ACC Emerging Teams Asia Cup in Bangladesh. Later the same month, he was named in Hong Kong's squad for the Cricket World Cup Challenge League B tournament in Oman.