OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Spangenhelm

The Spangenhelm, or segmented helmet, was a popular medieval European combat helmet design of Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages. They are often contrasted with Eastern lamellar helmets.

## Construction

The name Spangenhelm is of German origin. Spangen refers to the metal strips that form the framework for the helmet and could be translated as braces, and -helm simply means helmet. The strips connect three to six steel or bronze plates. The frame takes a conical design that curves with the shape of the head and culminates in a point. The front of the helmet may include a nose protector (a nasal). Older spangenhelms often include cheek flaps made from metal or leather. Spangenhelms may incorporate mail as neck protection, thus forming a partial aventail. Some spangenhelms include eye protection in a shape that resembles modern eyeglass frames, and are thus sometimes called "spectacle helmets". Other spangenhelms include a full face mask.
The spangenhelm was an effective protection that was relatively easy to produce. Weakness of the design were its partial head protection and its jointed construction. It was replaced by similarly shaped helmets made with one-piece skulls (nasal helms), kettle hats and eventually the great helm or casque.

## History

The spangenhelm arrived in Western Europe by way of what is now southern Russia and Ukraine, spread by nomadic Iranian tribes such as the Scythians and Sarmatians who lived among the Eurasian steppes. By the 6th century it was the most common helmet design in Europe and in popular use throughout the Middle East. However, helmets of the spangenhelm type were used much longer. Some of the nasal helmets depicted on the Bayeux Tapestry from the 11th century appear to be built as a Spangenhelm construction. The same is true for illustrations of the Morgan Bible from the 13th century.
In the Kizil Caves in the Tarim Basin, knights wearing segmented pear-shaped helmets are depicted. It is thought that these depictions follow the events of 552 CE Turk uprising and the subsequent Turk expansion, giving a date of the 2nd half of the 6th century CE. These helmets are characteristic pear-shaped segmented helmet of the Turkic type. They immediately follow the use of lamellar helmets, also visible in the Kizil Caves.

## Similar helmets

Similar but more simple helmets, the so-called broadband helmets were used in parallel. These helmets may have been used until the 10th century, as depicted in the Leiden Maccabees manuscript from the early 10th century. Related to the Spangenhelm were also lamellar helmets or intermediate Lamellar-Spangen helmets, like the helmet from a 6th-century boys grave, found under the Cologne Cathedral.
A similar construction principle is found in the northern ridge helmets, a group, which includes Scandinavian Vendel Era helmets and Anglo-Saxon helmets, like the Coppergate Helmet or the Pioneer Helmet.
# 1995 Czech Social Democratic Party leadership election

The Czech Social Democratic Party (ČSSD) leadership election of 1995 was held in April 1995. Miloš Zeman was reelected as the leader of the party. Zeman received 314 votes of 374.
# Steve Gray (TV presenter)

Steven "Steve" Gray (born 11 July 1965) is a New Zealand blogger and broadcaster, best known as the former host and film reviewer of the weekday New Zealand morning television show, Good Morning. Before becoming a co-host, Gray was its long-serving film and DVD reviewer and gossip columnist.
Gray was raised in Hamilton, New Zealand. He worked as a barman, actor, fence builder, painter, singing telegram, drag performer and nanny before branching into film and media. He began his career reviewing film and video on student radio station bFM in 1996, and began appearing on television the following year. Steven is best known for his knowledge of musical theatre and American television series.
In December 2009, Television New Zealand decided to not renew his contract for his presenter role on Good Morning. No specific reason was given for this, but Gray later speculated it may have been due to his sexuality. Gray's final episode of Good Morning was Friday 11 December 2009.
In April 2010 Gray launched showbiz news and social commentary blog The Real Steve Gray, which has become one of the most popular New Zealand blogs.
In a January 2013 interview with Fairfax NZ, Gray claimed to have slept with a former All Black, sparking international interest from both gay and rugby media.
In 2013 Gray joined the New Zealand cinema podcast Cinematica as part of the film review panel.
# Longwell Green

Longwell Green is a suburban neighbourhood and electoral ward in South Gloucestershire, England. It is part of the Bristol Built-up Area, 4 miles (6.4 km) east of the city centre of Bristol. Longwell Green takes its name from the medieval well which used to be situated on the site of the Church. It lies along the A431 Bath Road north of the River Avon.
The electoral ward is bounded by the A4174 Avon ring road to the west, the River Avon to the south, and the Siston Brook to the east, while the northern boundary with Cadbury Heath ward follows residential streets. The population of the ward at the 2021 census was 9,890, up from 6,761 at the 2011 census.
Next to the A4174 is a retail park with supermarkets and other warehouse-style retail outlets. There is a primary school, and Community Centre.
Olympic gymnast and 4 times gold medal winner, Claudia Fragapane is from Longwell Green.
# HMS Vindictive (1813)

HMS Vindictive was a 74-gun third-rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, built by Nicholas Diddams at Portsmouth Dockyard and launched on 30 November 1813 at Portsmouth.
This huge ship had a crew of 590 men under command of Captain John Toup Nicolas as flagship to Admiral Francis William Austen.
Vindictive was the lead ship of the 40-vessel Vengeur class, indeed she was ordered prior to the design for this class being finalised; however, she was delayed in construction and was not finished until December 1813. With the winding up of the Napoleonic War in prospect, she was not required for active service and was immediately placed in ordinary. Between 1828 and 1833, Vindictive – still in ordinary – was reduced to a 50-gun fourth rate.
Vindictive finally was recommissioned September 1841. On 26 January 1842, she ran aground on The Dean, in the English Channel off the Isle of Wight; she was refloated the next day. She was laid up in ordinary again in June 1848 at Portsmouth. In 1861 she was fitted as a storeship by White of Cowes, and in 1862 she proceeded to Fernando Po, where she took up that role. She foundered there in July 1871, the wreck being sold to be broken up on 24 November 1871.
# Arvind Sharma

Arvind Sharma (born 13 January 1940) is the Birks Professor of Comparative Religion at McGill University. Sharma's works focus on Hinduism, philosophy of religion. In editing books his works include Our Religions and Women in World Religions, Feminism in World Religions was selected as a Choice Outstanding Academic Book (1999).
Arvind Sharma was awarded Padma Shri, India's fourth highest civilian award, in 2025.

## Biography

Arvind Sharma was born on 13 January 1940 in Varanasi, India. He received his B.A. from Allahabad University in 1958. He served in civil services in Gujarat until 1968 he went to US to pursue higher studies in economics at the Syracuse University, obtaining a Masters in economics in 1970. While pursuing the role of non-economic factors in economic development he became interested in religion and joined Harvard Divinity School in 1972. After obtaining a Masters in Theological Studies, he earned his PhD from the Department of Sanskrit and Indian Studies in 1978.
While at Harvard he was recruited in 1976 by the newly founded Department of Studies in Religion at the University of Queensland in Brisbane, Australia. In 1980 he moved to the University of Sydney. In 1994 he was appointed the Birks Professor of Comparative Religion at McGill University, where he teaches.
The archives of Arvind Sharma are held at McGill University (MUA).
# 7-Toku

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| The Encyclopedia of Popular Music | |
| NME | |
7-Toku is the second album by Space Streakings. It was released on October 3, 1994, by Skin Graft Records.

## Critical reception

The Encyclopedia of Popular Music called the album "a vivid new listening experience rather than a formulaic copy of a western style." Trouser Press wrote: "Far more boisterous and a lot less methodical than American industrialists, the quartet rushes in and around its tracks, layering bits on to a point of distraction in which chaos would come as a welcome relief." The Chicago Reader wrote that the album "finds this whacked foursome proffering more cartoonish, progged-out approximations of the infinitely superior Boredoms."

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Space Streakings

## Personnel

Adapted from 7-Toku liner notes.
Space Streakings
* Captain Insect – bass guitar, vocals, programming
* Kame Bazooka – alto saxophone, vocals, horns
* Karate Condor – turntables, vocals, guitar
* Screaming Stomach – guitar, vocals, trumpet, kazoo
Production and design
* Steve Albini – production, engineering, recording
* Nobtack Koike – cover art, illustrations

## Release history

| Region | Date | Label | Format | Catalog |
| United States | 1994 | Skin Graft | CD, CS, LP | GR 22 |
# Benin at the 2017 World Championships in Athletics

Benin competed at the 2017 World Championships in Athletics in London, United Kingdom, 4–13 August 2017.

## Results

(q – qualified, NM – no mark, SB – season best)

### Women
#### Track and road events

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Noélie Yarigo | 800 metres | 2:00.99 SB | 8 Q | 1:59.74 SB | 7 | Did not advance | Did not advance |

#### Combined events – Heptathlon

| Athlete | Event | 100H | HJ | SP | 200 m | LJ | JT | 800 m | Final | Rank |
| Odile Ahouanwanou | Result | 13.71 | 1.74 | 14.71 | 24.09 | 5.92 | 43.16 | 2:27.00 | 6020 | 19 |
| Odile Ahouanwanou | Points | 1020 | 903 | 841 | 972 | 825 | 728 | 731 | 6020 | 19 |
# Fabien Cool

Fabien Cool (born 29 August 1972) is a French former professional football goalkeeper.
Except for a loan spell at Gueugnon in the 1993–94 season, Cool played for Auxerre his whole career, helping them to win the national championship in 1996 and the domestic cup in 1996, 2003 and 2005.
Initially backing up French international Lionel Charbonnier, he was the club's undisputed starter from 1998 to 2006, losing that status in his final year. Cool announced his retirement from professional football on 19 May 2007.
After retiring, he became involved in tennis administration, being elected president of the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté tennis league in 2023.

## Honours

Auxerre
* Division 1: 1995-96
* Coupe de France: 2003, 2005
# Wilder Girls

Wilder Girls is a futuristic young adult horror novel by Rory Power, published July 9, 2019 by Delacorte Press. The book is a New York Times best seller.

## Reception

Wilder Girls is a New York Times best seller. The book received starred reviews from Shelf Awareness, Publishers Weekly, Booklist, and Kirkus Reviews, as well as positive reviews from NPR and School Library Journal.
Accolades for Wilder Girls :
| Year | Accolade | Result |
| 2019 | Goodreads Choice Award for Young Adult Fantasy & Science Fiction | Nominee |
| 2019 | Kirkus Reviews' Best Books | Selection |
| 2019 | Ladies of Horror Fiction Award for Best Young Adult | Winner |
| 2019 | Chicago Public Library's Best Teen Book Covers of 2019 | Selection |
| 2019 | Chicago Public Library's Best Teen Fiction of 2019 | Selection |
| 2020 | Lambda Literary Award for Children's and Young Adult Literature | Finalist |
| 2020 | YALSA's Teens' Top Ten | Top Ten |
| 2020 | Pennsylvania Keystone State Reading Association Book Award | Nominee |
# John Byer

John Byer (20 September 1903 – 11 August 1988) was a Barbadian cricketer. He played in six first-class matches for the Barbados cricket team from 1929 to 1936.
# Kenneth Mason (cricketer)

Kenneth Mason (18 September 1881 – November 1974) was a Barbadian cricketer. He played in seventeen first-class matches for the Barbados cricket team from 1903 to 1926.
# Cheer Up: Love and Pompoms

Cheer Up: Love and Pompoms, sometimes stylized as Cheer Up!, is a young adult graphic novel written by Crystal Frasier, with art by Val Wise and lettering by Oscar Jupiter. Published on August 10, 2021, by Oni Press, it tells the story of two queer high school girls, Beatrice – who is transgender – and Annie, as they try to become cheerleaders.
Cheer Up was received positively by critics, who praised the variety in the type of characters and how Fraiser conveyed the issues and challenges of being a teenage transgender girl. The novel was also a finalist in the 34th Lambda Literary Awards.

## Reception

A review published by Kirkus Reviews noted the story is less focused on the coming out aspect of the main characters and more on the daily difficulties faced by transgender youth, which is done "simply and sweetly." The reviewer also praised the art, calling it "cute and expressive, with tons of personality," and noted the characters are varied both in body types and gender identities.
Publishers Weekly opened its reviews by saying Cheer Up works around stereotypes of high school novels and is able to give "a nuanced portrait of queer cheerleaders." They further note how Frasier's graphic novel deals with the difference between "queer rights and real acceptance." Of the art, they praised Wise's illustrations, which helped build the characters' personalities.
Sarah Rice, reviewing for Booklist, commented on the graphic novel's similarity to Ngozi Ukazu's Check, Please!, as both have "similar notes of sweetness and heart," and focus more on the characters' relationships instead of the sports in which they partake. Rice praised Wise's illustrations as containing a wide variety of characters, all "wonderfully realistic and expressive."
In January 2022, the book was nominated for a GLAAD Media Awards in the GLAAD Media Award for Outstanding Graphic Novel/Anthology category. The book would successfully win the award at the 33rd GLAAD Media Awards ceremony in April 2022. Cheer Up was also announced as one of the finalists of the 34th Lambda Literary Awards in March 2022, in the Comics category.
# Choir Boy (novel)

Choir Boy is a 2005 novel by Charlie Jane Anders.

## Plot

Berry, a 12-year-old boy, wants nothing more than to remain a choirboy. Desperate to keep his voice from changing, Berry tries to injure himself, and then convinces a clinic to give him testosterone-inhibiting drugs that keep his voice from deepening but also cause him to grow breasts. Suddenly Berry's thrown into a world of unexpected gender issues that push him into a universe far more complex than anything he's ever known.

## Reception

Choir Boy won the 2005 Lambda Literary Award for Transgender Literature.
Tikkun described it as "engaging", noting its "believable, frustrating quality", and lauded Anders for "handl[ing] issues of gender (and religion, race, and class) with a light touch."
Kirkus Reviews called it "groundbreaking and unflinching", with Berry's story being "memorable", but overall faulted it for a "lack of a cohesive voice and too much figurative language", with "[a]trocious metaphors, sloppy editing and too many pithy observations [that] detract from the prose."
# Galaxy: The Prettiest Star

Galaxy: The Prettiest Star is a graphic novel written by Jadzia Axelrod and illustrated by Jess Taylor. The novel was published by DC Comics on May 17, 2022. It tells the story of Galaxy, a teenage alien princess, who is forced to hide on Earth when her home planet is conquered. To hide herself from her enemies, Galaxy uses alien technology to present herself as a human boy.

## Publication history

Galaxy: The Prettiest Star, created by writer Jadzia Axelrod and artist Jess Taylor, first appeared in a Special Edition #1 released on Free Comic Book Day 2022. Days later, the graphic novel arrived in stores on May 17. As of April 2023, the book's initial run was announced as "nearly sold out" by Axlerod herself, with DC meeting demand with a second print run.
The titular character, Galaxy, later became a supporting character for Axelrod's run on Hawkgirl.

## Background

Jadzia Axelrod first pitched several ideas to DC Comics when she was approached by the company through her agent. According to Axelrod, they were looking for "writers who are familiar with the DC stable of characters, but who have an unusual point of view", and one of the concepts she pitched was about the character that would later become Galaxy.
DC Comics liked Axelrod's idea and had her work on a script with Sara Miller, their editor of young adult content. After the script was finalized, Miller showed it to Jess Taylor who "instantly fell in love" for it.
Axelrod's idea for Galaxy came from her desire to tell a story in which the character was not "metaphorically queer or metaphorically trans", but openly queer and transgender. Since she transitioned later in life, Axelrod had to research stories and narratives of trans teenagers.

## Reception

Publishers Weekly gave the novel a starred review, in which they call it a "vulnerable and thought-provoking graphic novel about gender identity". They also commented on Taylor's illustration, noting their use of "sharp lines and flowing, vivid colors" as matching the atmosphere of the story and its characters. The reviewer also praised Axelrod's writing when describing the experience of being transgender. Kirkus Reviews also praised the art, saying it "features expressive figures highlighted against abstract backgrounds" and ended by calling Galaxy a "fantastical allegory that lends itself well to the graphic novel medium".
Writing for The Booklist, Peter Blenski says that, although the novel initially "follows a classic YA format", Galaxy's allegory "serves as a fresh and thoughtful spin on trans stories". Blenski noted the art added "some humor" to the novel, which helped during moments that deal with heavier themes, such as suicidal ideation. In a review published on Comic Book Resources, Ben Bishop talked about how using the power to shapeshift is now a common trope for stories about transgender people, but praised Axelrod's take on it, saying that "Galaxy is a completely different trans allegory and one which is far more accurate to the trans experience than similar stories".
# Robston

Carlos Robston Ludgero Junior (born October 20, 1979), commonly known as Robston, is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Botafogo-PB.

## Career

Robston began in the youth of the range. He also played for rival Brasiliense. In 2007 passed by Atletico-GO until you get to Botafogo to replace Leandro Guerreiro Carioca Championship in early 2008. But in the same year he returned to the club Goias.

## Honours

Robston has won the Goiano Championship under the flag of Atlético Clube Goianiense two times. 2007 and 2010.
Robston has the title of champion of the Brazilian National Tournament of 3rd Division (under the flag of Atlético Clube Goianiense) at the year of 2008.

## Honours
### Gama

* Campeonato Brasiliense: 2001, 2003

### Brasiliense

* Campeonato Brasiliense: 2004, 2005, 2006
* Campeonato Brasileiro Série B: 2004

### Atlético Goianiense

* Campeonato Goiano: 2011

### Vila Nova

* Campeonato Goiano Série B: 2015
* Campeonato Brasileiro Série C: 2015
# Clanna Rudraige

The Clanna Rudraige (modern Irish: Clanna Rudhraighe), Anglicised as Clanna Rory, is according to Irish mythology an ancient tribe that ruled the ancient province of Ulaid in Ireland. The people that lived in this province, also called the Ulaid, are claimed as being descended from the Clanna Rudraige and in medieval texts are often referred to by that name.

## Etymology

The Clanna Rudraige may mean "descendants of Rudraige" (a personal name) or "descendants of the Rudraige", a population name like Dartraighe or Osraige. An alternate spelling found in medieval texts is Clan na Rudraige, which would lean towards the latter.
It is suggested that rud is related to ruad meaning "red", which would give Rudraige the meaning "red people". Red also features prominently in the Ulster Cycle of legends: there is the tale of Togail Bruidne Dá Derga, with Dá Derga meaning "red god"; the term Cróeb Ruad translates as Red Branch, a royal house near the Ulaid capital Emain Macha; and the Red Branch Knights, which was a military order wholly in the service of ancient Ulaid.
The Ulster Cycle of Irish mythology is called An Rúraíocht in Irish.

## Origins

The origins and background of the Clanna Rudraige comes from medieval texts, most of which combined myth, pseudo-history and possible real events into an elaborate and largely fabricated legendary history. According to one of these works, the Annals of the Four Masters, the Clanna Rudraige are descended from Rudraige mac Sithrigi, a prince of the province of Ulaid who became High King of Ireland sometime between the 1st and 3rd centuries BC.
During the reign of Eochu Feidlech as High King, the provinces of Ireland are said to have been turned into kingdoms, with the ruler of each tribe who possessed a province becoming a king, as such the first king of Ulster was Fergus mac Léti, grandson of Rudraige mac Sithrigi. Fergus' cousin Conchobar mac Nessa was king of Ulaid during the Ulster Cycle of Irish mythology. According to these medieval texts, in the fourth century the Three Collas invaded Ulaid.
The Three Collas and their armies fought seven battles in a week against the Ulaid at Achaidh Leithdeircc, killing Fergus Foga, king of Ulster, in the seventh battle. The Collas burnt Emain Macha, the capital of Ulaid, after which it was abandoned, and seized substantial territories in mid-Ulster. This is thought to be the origin of the medieval over-kingdom of Airgíalla.
# Upper Iowa Peacocks

The Upper Iowa Peacocks (also UIU Peacocks) are the athletic teams that represent Upper Iowa University, located in Fayette, Iowa, in intercollegiate sports at the Division II level of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), primarily competing in the Great Lakes Valley Conference (GLVC) for most of their sports since the 2023–24 academic year. The Peacocks previously competed in the Northern Sun Intercollegiate Conference (NSIC) from 2003-04 to 2022-23, and the Iowa Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (IIAC; known as the American Rivers Conference since the 2018–19 academic year) of the NCAA Division III ranks from 1922–23 to 2002–03. Their colors are blue and white.
Upper Iowa competes in 13 intercollegiate varsity sports: Men's sports include baseball, basketball, football, golf, soccer and wrestling; while women's sports include basketball, cross country, golf, soccer, softball, track & field and volleyball; and co-ed sports include cheer and dance.

## Varsity teams
### Softball

Upper Iowa's softball team appeared in two Women's College World Series, in 1970 and 1971.

### Men's soccer

Upper Iowa's men's soccer team won the MIAA conference title in 2015. In the same year they reached the 'Sweet 16' stage of the NCAA tournament.
# Capitole train bombing

The Capitole train bombing was the bombing of a Le Capitole train on the Paris-Toulouse express near Limoges on 28 March 1982. The attack killed five people and injured 28 others. The bombing was claimed by a group calling itself "International Terrorist Friends of Carlos", and was later attributed to Venezuelan terrorist Carlos the Jackal. In 2011 Carlos was convicted for the bombing whilst he was already serving life imprisonment. The attack was followed with the bombing of an anti-Syrian newspaper office in Paris in April.