OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dream FM (Leeds)

Dream FM was a 1990s pirate radio station based in Leeds, West Yorkshire, that played a diverse range of dance music and was renowned for its professional style. It first broadcast on 104.9 FM in October 1992, changing to a simulcast on 99.9 FM then settling on FM 99.9 until early 1994 when it moved to 107.8 FM and could be received throughout Yorkshire.
In 1995, Dream launched a campaign to become a legal station. However, despite a petition and public support, Dream would not secure a licence and instead one was awarded to Kiss 105. Dream was last heard around November 1995.
DJs and presenters on the station included Paul Taylor, Shock, Daisy & Havoc, Tantra Countdown, Tony Walker, Chris Martin, DJ Chana + Jason from Happy Tunes, Marc Leaf and Mark Dawson, Carl Whitehead, & Leeds Legend and Record Shop Owner DJ Steve Luigi
# Leonard Ornstein

Leonard Salomon Ornstein (12 November 1880 in Nijmegen, the Netherlands – 20 May 1941 in Utrecht, the Netherlands) was a Dutch physicist.

## Biography

Ornstein studied theoretical physics with Hendrik Antoon Lorentz at the University of Leiden. He subsequently carried out Ph.D. research under the supervision of Lorentz, concerning an application of the statistical mechanics of Gibbs to molecular problems.
In 1914, Ornstein was appointed professor of physics, as successor of Peter Debye, at the University of Utrecht. Among his doctoral students was Jan Frederik Schouten. In 1922, Ornstein became director of the Physical Laboratory (Fysisch Laboratorium) and extended his research interests to experimental subjects. His precision measurements concerning intensities of spectral lines brought the Physical Laboratory in the international limelight.
Ornstein is also remembered for the Ornstein-Zernike theory (named after himself and Frederik Zernike) concerning correlation functions, and the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process (named after Ornstein and George Uhlenbeck), a stochastic process.
Together with Gilles Holst, director of the Philips Physics Laboratory (Philips Natuurkundig Laboratorium), Ornstein was the driving force behind establishing the Netherlands Physical Society (Nederlandse Natuurkundige Vereniging, NNV) in 1921. From 1939 until November 1940, he was chairman of this society. From 1918 until 1922, he was chairman of the Dutch Zionist Society (Nederlandse Zionistische Vereniging). In 1929, he became a member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.
Immediately after the May 1940 German conquest and occupation of the Netherlands in World War II (see Battle of the Netherlands), a friend from the United States of America, the astronomer Peter van de Kamp, offered to bring Ornstein and his family to America. However, Ornstein did not accept this offer, since, as he put it, he would not leave his laboratory in Utrecht. The Nazis targeted Ornstein for his Jewish heritage and the university dismissed him in September 1940, barring him from entering his laboratory. In November 1940, the university's dismissal became official. On 29 November 1940, Ornstein withdrew his membership of the Netherlands Physical Society. During this period he increasingly distanced himself from public life, to the degree that he no longer wished to receive guests at home. Ornstein died on 20 May 1941, a year after German occupation, and six months after being barred from University.
One of the five buildings of the Department of Physics at the University of Utrecht is named the Leonard S. Ornstein Laboratory in his honor.

## Publications

* Toepassing der statistische mechanica van Gibbs op moleculair-theoretische vraagstukken, Ph.D. thesis, 26 March 1908
* Problemen der kinetische theorie van de stof, 1915
* Strahlungsgesetz und Intensität von Mehrfachlinien, 1924
* Intensität der Komponenten im Zeemaneffekt, 1924
* On the theory of the Brownian motion, 1930
* De beteekenis der natuurkunde voor cultuur en maatschappij, 1932
# Battlefield, Shropshire

Battlefield is a village and suburb of the town of Shrewsbury in Shropshire, England. It is 3 miles (5 km) north of the town centre. The village is today split between three civil parishes - Shrewsbury, Astley and Pimhill.

## Battle of Shrewsbury

It was roughly here that the Battle of Shrewsbury of 1403 took place. A church, commonly known as "Battlefield Church", but officially St. Mary Magdalene Church, was built in memory of the thousands who died.
Today the Battlefield Heritage Park is a visitor attraction, commemorating and interpreting the battle site.

## Modern day Battlefield

The A49 runs through Battlefield, on its way from Shrewsbury to Whitchurch, as does the Welsh Marches Line (the Shrewsbury to Crewe railway line). The A53 begins its route at Battlefield.
Battlefield has two pubs. The Red Lion is the elder pub, and The Two Henrys is to the north of the Battlefield roundabout, as is St Mary Magdalene's Church, which lies just off the A49.

### Expansion of Shrewsbury

The town of Shrewsbury has over the past 10 years grown substantially in this area and the village is now part of the town. It is however split by a large Shrewsbury bypass roundabout ("Battlefield Roundabout"), one of the busiest in the county town.
The new Shrewsbury livestock market and a small hotel and service station has been built just off the A53 near the Battlefield Roundabout.
An industrial and business estate, the Battlefield Enterprise Park, has grown up in between the older Shrewsbury suburb of Harlescott and Battlefield. It is located on the site of the Battle of Shrewsbury and the village of Battlefield is nearby. A large part of the battlefield is, however, protected as a heritage site. Even so, the Battlefield Link Road (the A5124) runs straight through it and a car park has been built for visitors. The first businesses moved in during the mid-1990s, though the park became more established later that decade when the Battlefield Link Road, the A5124, was built. The park is near the A49 and A53 and it is also adjacent to the Welsh Marches Line.

## Governance

Battlefield is as an electoral ward of Shrewsbury Town Council and also Shropshire Council. The population of this ward at the 2011 census was 4,193.
In 1931 the civil parish had a population of 204. On 1 April 1934 the parish was abolished and merged with Albrighton and Shrewsbury.
# Naro-Fominsk rail crash

The Naro-Fominsk rail crash occurred on 20 May 2014 when a freight train derailed near Naro-Fominsk, Moscow Oblast, Russia. The train was run into by a passenger train. Nine people were killed and 51 were injured.

## Crash

At 12:32 Moscow Standard Time (08:32 UTC) on 20 May 2014, a freight train derailed between Bekasovo and Naro-Fominsk on the Moscow–Kyiv railway. The derailed wagons fouled an adjacent track. A Moscow–Chișinău passenger train collided with the derailed wagons, killing nine people and injuring 51; 29 of whom were taken to hospital. There were 394 passengers on board. The passenger train was operated by Moldovan Railways. It was travelling at 95 kilometres per hour (59 mph) before the driver made an emergency brake application, having seen the cloud of dust caused by the derailment of the freight train. The seventh and eighth carriages of the train were those most severely damaged in the accident. The side of one of the carriages was ripped open in the accident.
Victims were taken to hospitals in Moscow, Naro-Fominsk, Odintsovo and Selyatino. Two victims were flown by helicopter to a Moscow hospital.
The stretch of track which the freight train derailed on was under repair at the time of the accident. A broken rail is suspected to have been the cause of the freight train derailing; however, a broken axle on one of the wagons may also have caused the accident. The line between Aprelevka and Nara station, Naro-Fominsk was blocked by the crash, with buses replacing trains. By late evening, one line was reopened, allowing Moscow commuters to travel home by train. Passengers bound for Moscow were transported by bus.

## Investigation

The Russian Investigative Committee opened an investigation into the crash. A criminal investigation was also opened into the crash. Causes under investigation included a broken rail, the condition of the freight train and the driving of the freight train. Speaking in Shanghai, China, Russian President Vladimir Putin ruled out terrorism as a cause. Subsequent inquiry revealed that the end reason of the derailment was the sun kink on the seamless rail due to thermal expansion and improper maintenance. The problem with the rails was known and attempts to rectify them were made, but couldn't be completed in time before the accident, because the institutional culture discouraged the personnel from interrupting the traffic on a busy line. Additional blame was placed on the maintenance team trying to rectify this problem, which failed to notify the controllers and the train crews about track work they were conducting.
# 1939 Danish constitutional referendum

A constitutional referendum was held in Denmark on 23 May 1939. Voters were asked whether they approved of a new constitution. Although it was approved by 91.9% of those who voted, a turnout of only 48.9% meant that the percentage of eligible voters approving it was only 44.46%, below the 45% required by the existing constitution of 1915.
The Danish constitution was finally altered to its present form following a 1953 referendum.

## Proposed changes

The two primary changes in the proposed constitution from 1939 were lowering the electoral age from 25 to 23 years, and replacing the Landsting with a new chamber of parliament, the Rigsting.
Additionally, the united parliament (Danish: den forenede rigsdag) consisting of the members of the two other chambers was to become a third chamber of parliament. The united parliament would handle the more important types of bills, including the budget and proposed changes to the constitution. Other bills could be proposed in either the Folketing or the Rigsting, and in order to pass they would have to go through three readings in the chamber in which they originated, and two readings in the other. This would have been a simplification of the existing process where all bills had to go through three readings in each of the two chambers.

## Results

| Choice | Choice | Votes | % |
| For | For | 966,277 | 91.85 |
| Against | Against | 85,717 | 8.15 |
| Total | Total | 1,051,994 | 100.00 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 1,051,994 | 98.89 |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 11,770 | 1.11 |
| Total votes | Total votes | 1,063,764 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 2,173,420 | 48.94 |
| Source: Nohlen & Stöver ||||
While the result was overwhelmingly in favour of the proposed change, this only had the support of 44.5 per cent of the electorate, falling just short of the 45 per cent threshold required for any constitutional change to come into force.
# Drax Hall Estate

Drax Hall Estate is a sugarcane plantation situated in Saint George, Barbados, in the Caribbean.
Drax Hall still stands on the site where sugarcane was first cultivated on Barbados and is one of the island's two remaining Jacobean houses.

## History

The estate has belonged to the Drax family since the early 1650s when it was built by James Drax and his brother, William Drax, early settlers in Jamaica. The Drax's Caribbean slave plantations and estates then descended with that of Charborough House in Dorset.
By 1680, Henry Drax was the owner of the largest plantations on Barbados, then in the parish of St. John. A planter-merchant, Drax had a hired "proper persons' to act in, and do all business in Bridgetown".

### Legacy

Historian Hilary Beckles estimated that close to 30,000 enslaved African men, women and children died on the Drax Caribbean plantations over 200 years. By 1832, there were 275 people enslaved on the plantation, producing 300 tons of sugar and 140 puncheons of rum.

### Ownership

The estate continues as a sugar plantation but Drax Hall is closed to the public, although its grounds spanning much of the eastern landscape of the parish of Saint George are open to visitors. The current owner is Richard Plunkett-Ernle-Erle-Drax, a British former member of parliament, who inherited the property after the death of his father, Henry Walter Plunkett-Ernle-Erle-Drax (1928–2017), a former High Sheriff of Dorset. The Drax family also owned slave plantations in Jamaica, which they sold in the mid-1700s.
In April 2024, the Barbadian government planned to buy the estate for £3 million for housing; however, this plan was later cancelled.
# Góra, Międzychód County

Góra is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sieraków, within Międzychód County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) south-west of Sieraków, 14 km (9 mi) east of Międzychód, and 63 km (39 mi) north-west of the regional capital Poznań.
# Vrskmaň

Vrskmaň (German: Wurzmes) is a municipality and village in Chomutov District in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.
Vrskmaň lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) north-east of Chomutov, 43 km (27 mi) south-west of Ústí nad Labem, and 81 km (50 mi) north-west of Prague.

## Administrative division

Vrskmaň consists of two municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
* Vrskmaň (184)
* Zaječice (127)
# HMS Alexander (1778)

HMS Alexander was a 74-gun third-rate of the Royal Navy. She was launched at Deptford Dockyard on 8 October 1778. During her career she was captured by the French, and later recaptured by the British. She fought at the Nile in 1798, and was broken up in 1819. She was named after Alexander the Great.

## British service and capture

On 13 March 1780, Alexander and HMS Courageaux captured the 40-gun French privateer Monsieur after a long chase and some exchange of fire. The Royal Navy took the privateer into service as HMS Monsieur.
In 1794, whilst returning to England in the company of HMS Canada after escorting a convoy to Spain, Alexander, under the command of Rear-Admiral Richard Rodney Bligh, fell in with a French squadron of five 74-gun ships, and three frigates, led by Joseph-Marie Nielly. In the action of 6 November 1794 Alexander was overrun by the Droits de l'Homme, but escaped when she damaged the Droits de l'Homme's rigging. Alexander was then caught by Marat, which came behind her stern and raked her. Then, the 74 gun third-rate Jean Bart closed in and fired broadsides at close range, forcing Bligh to surrender Alexander. In the meantime, Canada escaped. The subsequent court martial honourably acquitted Bligh of any blame for the loss of his ship.
The French took her to Brest and then into their French Navy under the name Alexandre. On 22 June 1795, she was with a French fleet off Belle Île when the Channel Fleet under Lord Bridport discovered them. The British ships chased the French fleet, and brought them to action in the Battle of Groix. During the battle HMS Sans Pareil and HMS Colossus recaptured Alexander. After the battle, HMS Révolutionnaire towed her back to Plymouth.

## Return to British service

In 1798 Nelson was detached into the Mediterranean by Earl St. Vincent with HMS Orion, Alexander, Emerald, Terpsichore, and Bonne Citoyenne. They sailed from Gibraltar on 9 May and on 12 May were struck by a violent gale in the Gulf of Lion that carried away Vanguard's topmasts and foremast. The squadron bore up for Sardinia, Alexander taking Vanguard in tow.
The Alexander took part in the Battle of the Nile in 1798, under the command of Captain Alexander Ball. On the evening of 1 August 1798, half an hour before sunset, the battle began. She was the second ship to fire upon the French fleet, engaging the flagship, L'Orient. The Alexander sank three French ships before she had to withdraw due to a small fire on board. The Alexander was one of the few ships not carrying a detachment of soldiers.
Northumberland, Alexander, Penelope, Bonne Citoyenne, and the brig Vincejo shared in the proceeds of the French polacca Vengeance, captured entering Valletta, Malta on 6 August.
Alexander served in the navy's Egyptian campaign between 8 March 1801 and 2 September, which qualified her officers and crew for the clasp "Egypt" to the Naval General Service Medal that the Admiralty issued in 1847 to all surviving claimants.

## Fate

From 1803 she was out of commission in Plymouth, and was finally broken up in 1819.
# Bubbles (film)

Bubbles is a 1930 American Vitaphone Varieties short film released by Warner Bros. in Technicolor. It was filmed in December 1929 at the First National Pictures studio with Western Electric apparatus, an early sound-on-film system, Rel. No. 3898. Bubbles is one of the earliest surviving recordings of Judy Garland on film, at 8 years old.

## Content

A Vitaphone short film directed by Roy Mack, Bubbles features a land of make-believe where The Vitaphone Kiddies perform seven short singing, dancing and acrobatic acts. The opening act is Marjorie Kane singing "My Pretty Bubble". The second act is Judy Garland and her two older sisters, then known collectively as The Gumm Sisters, singing "In the Land of Let's Pretend", a song from Warner Bros' 1929 film On with the Show!, with Garland singing a short solo. Five more brief acts follow, including a tap dancing number in ballet pointe shoes.

## Cast

* Judy Garland as herself
* Mary Jane Gumm as herself
* Dorothy Virginia Gumm as herself
* Marjorie Kane as Mother in Checkered Dress
* The Vitaphone Kiddies as Themselves

## Preservation status

This short film now exists in black and white through copies made for television syndication, and was included as an extra on the 2004 deluxe DVD edition of Meet Me in St. Louis (1944).
Bubbles was one of the shorts included in the 1994 LaserDisc version of Judy Garland - The Golden Years at M-G-M. The audio from the movie of Garland's song is included in the 2010 CD set Judy Garland – Lost Tracks 1929 - 1959.
# Góreczki, Greater Poland Voivodeship

Góreczki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Koźmin Wielkopolski, within Krotoszyn County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.
# Luis T. Hernandez Terrazas

Luis Trinidad Hernandez Terrazas (born c. 1906 in Chihuahua, Mexico; death date unknown) was a Mexican engineer who founded the brand LTH, one of the leading car battery brands in Mexico.

## Biography

Luis T. Hernandez Terrazas was born in Mesa de Cristo Rey, Chihuahua, Mexico in 1906 where he studied electricity by correspondence, initially working on improving the engine starting crank system. He converted his mechanic shop to a place he can work on his ideas, where he invented a battery to maintain its charge for a long time. He noticed the method of cranking an engine was coming to an end, so he devised a black box as an accumulator to store energy. At age 20, he moved to Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico to bring his idea to the land of automotives where he believed there would be numerous cars in the city.
He established the brand LTH, in 1928, using his initials as it is shown on the front of the battery, for Mexico that was recovering from the revolution. In order to make sure his ideas were successful; he had conducted multiple tests to prove his batteries were effective for the public, where he succeeded. He established his shop a few blocks from the Palacio de Gobierno in Monterrey at the corner of the streets Aramberri and Zaragoza. He sold his company to the American company Johnson Controls. As of today, LTH is one of the leading car battery brands in Mexico and Latin America for over 90 years.
# 31st Wisconsin Infantry Regiment

The 31st Wisconsin Infantry Regiment was a volunteer infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.

## Service

The 31st Wisconsin was organized at Prairie du Chien and Racine, Wisconsin, and mustered into Federal service December 24, 1862.
Companies A-F were mustered out on June 20, 1865. Companies G-K followed on July 8, 1865.

## Casualties

The 31st Wisconsin suffered 23 enlisted men killed in action or who later died of their wounds, plus another 3 officers and 86 enlisted men who died of disease, for a total of 112 fatalities.

## Commanders

* Colonel Isaac E. Messmore (August 28, 1862 – October 2, 1863) resigned. Before the war he was a Wisconsin legislator and judge.
* Colonel Francis H. West (October 8, 1863 – June 20, 1865) was originally lieutenant colonel of the regiment. He received an honorary brevet to brigadier general. Before the war he served in the Wisconsin State Senate, after the war, he served in the Assembly and was appointed U.S. marshal for the Eastern District of Wisconsin.

## Majors

Robert B. Sevenson

## Captains

Company A: Henry A. Chase
Company B: Nathaniel B. Treat
Company C: Ira D. Burdick
Company D: Ornsby B. Thomas
Company E: Daniel B. Dibble
Company F: Charles W. Burns
Company G: Farlin Q. Ball
Company H: Edward K. Buttrick
Company I: John B. Vliet
Company K: Edwin Augustus Bottum
# Cadets Military Lyceum of Georgia

The Giorgi Kvinitadze Cadet Military Lyceum (Georgian: კადეტთა სამხედრო ლიცეუმი, romanized: k'adet'ta samkhedro litseumi) is a specialized state school, responsible for the training of young students in military science and preparing them for professional military service in the Defense Forces of Georgia. It falls under the command of the Ministry of Defense of Georgia. The lyceum is located in the suburbs of Kutaisi, Georgia.

## General information

It was opened in Kutaisi in 2010 by order of Defence Minister Bacho Akhalaia. It is the country's higher secondary military educational institution. It offers three years of training that takes up the 10th, 11th and 12th Grades. It accepts cadets with a Grade 9 school completion certificate. Many cadets chose to continue their education at the National Defense Academy. In March 2016, Deputy Minister of Defence Anna Dolidze announced that from September of that year, girls will be accepted into the lyceum. Upon their entry into the lyceum, President Giorgi Margvelashvili the students on the first day of the 2016-17 school year. The Government of Georgia generally spends about 10,000 lari (4,300 thousand dollars) on the training of pupils.

## Student life
### Studies

All curriculum falls in line with those outlined with the Ministry of Education, Science, Culture and Sport of Georgia. In parallel with the general educational program, additional military disciplines such as tactical, engineer, first medical aid, humanitarian law and military history are taught. There are 7 departments in each curriculum in the Cadets Military Lyceum. Among the foreign languages cadets study are English, Turkish and Russian.

### Others

It is a boarding school that provides cadets with nutrition, medical service and textbooks. Upon graduation the students will be awarded with certificates of secondary education. The lyceum has a self-governance body that consists of various committees, including the lyceum administration and the committee of public affairs. During the academic year, cadet Olympiads and creative educational conferences also take place.
# Mamuka Machavariani

Mamuka Machavariani (Georgian: მამუკა მაჭავარიანი, born 27 November 1970) is a retired Georgian professional football player.