OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Solaristor

A solaristor (from SOLAR cell transISTOR) is a compact two-terminal self-powered phototransistor. The two-in-one transistor plus solar cell achieves the high-low current modulation by a memresistive effect in the flow of photogenerated carriers. The term was coined by Dr Amador Perez-Tomas working in collaboration with other ICN2 researchers in 2018 when they demonstrated the concept in a ferroelectric-oxide/organic bulk heterojunction solar cell.

## Principle of operation

In a basic solaristor embodiment, the self-powered transistor effect is achieved by the integration of a light absorber layer (a material that absorbs photon energy) in series with a functional semiconductor transport layer, which internal conductivity or contact resistance can be modified externally.

### Light absorber (solar cell element)

In general, the light absorber is a semiconductor p–n junction that:
* Efficiently harvests photons at various visible wavelengths by the photoelectric effect.
* Splits photo-generated excitons into free electrons and holes.
* Brings these free electrons and holes toward their respective outer electrodes by means of an internal field.
Additionally, in thin-film solar cells, buffer electron and hole semiconductor transport layers are introduced at the respective metal electrodes to avoid electron-hole recombination and to remove the metal/absorber Schottky barrier.

### Conductivity modulator (transistor element)

A solaristor effect is achieved by modifying the internal field properties or the overall conductivity of the solar cell.
Ferroelectric solaristors. One possibility is the use of ferroelectric semiconductors as transport layers. A ferroelectric layer can be seen as a semiconductor with switchable surface charge polarity. Because of this tuneable dipole effect, ferroelectrics bend their electronic band structure and offsets with respect to adjacent metals and/or semiconductors when switching the ferroelectric polarization so that the overall conductivity can be tuned orders of magnitude.

## Two-terminal phototransistors

Conventional photodiodes or photodetectors do not switch as a phototransistor does when biased through its third terminal (gate). An additional advantage of a solaristor is, therefore, the potential reduction of the standard phototransistor's area and interconnection complexity. By using solaristors, it would be possible in theory to replace the in-plane three-electrode architecture by a vertical, two-electrode photodiode-like architecture in systems like photo-sensors, cameras, or displays.
# Adana Atatürk Sports Hall

Atatürk ASKİ Sports Hall is a multi-purpose indoor arena located in the Çukurova district of Adana, situated just north of the Hayal Park. The arena is built by the Greater Adana Municipality and opened on 19 September 2017.
Adana Demirspor A.Ş. volleyball team play their Turkish Women's Volleyball League home matches in the Atatürk Sports Hall.
# The Secret of Life (album)

The Secret of Life is the debut studio album by American singer-songwriter Gretchen Peters. It was released in 1996, and featured a minor hit single in the track, "When You Are Old". The song reached number 68 on the Hot Country Songs chart. The album was the first release for Imprint Records.
Faith Hill covered the title track and took it to number 4 on the country chart in the States (while also scraping into the top 50 on the Billboard Hot 100). Trisha Yearwood recorded her own version of "On a Bus to St. Cloud" for her full-length Thinkin' About You (two years prior to the release of this album), while Martina McBride has recorded 3 songs: "This Uncivil War", "When You Are Old" and "Independence Day" which she took to number 12 on the U.S. country chart.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
AllMusic gave the album three stars (out of a possible five), comparing her to fellow singer-songwriter Mary Chapin Carpenter, calling the songs "highly introspective, thoughtful and intelligent". An uncredited review in Billboard said that Peters "proves to be as satisfying a singer as she is a writer."

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Gretchen Peters except where noted

## Personnel

* Gretchen Peters – vocals, acoustic guitar, Dobro
* Chris Leuzinger, Michael Severs – guitars
* Dan Dugmore – lap and pedal steel guitars
* Bruce Bouton – pedal steel
* Steve Conn – accordion
* Daniel Green – keyboards, organ, percussion
* Barry Walsh – keyboards, Hammond organ, piano, melodica
* Phil Kenzie – soprano saxophone
* Dave Pomeroy – electric and acoustic bass
* Brian Barnett, Tommy Wells – drums, percussion
* Nashville String Machine – strings; arranged and conducted by Connie Elisor
* Steve Earle, Emmylou Harris, James House, Raul Malo, Harry Stinson, Billy Thomas – backing vocals and harmony

## Production

* Produced By Daniel Green
* Engineered By Tom Hitchcock, Steve Marcantonio & Mike Psanos; assisted by Marc Frigo, Mike Purcell, Daryl Roudbush, Ed Simonton & John Thomas II
* Mixed By Steve Marcantonio
* Digital Editing By Don Cobb
* Mastered By Denny Purcell
# Ren Xiaoping

Ren Xiaoping (Chinese: 任晓平; born 1961) is a Chinese orthopedic surgeon, and is most well-known for being part of the team that achieved the first hand transplant in China.
As of 2016, he was a controversial figure as he announced his intent to perform a human head transplant, an operation that has never been done before. Many criticized Ren, stating that the surgery would be impossible.

## Education and early work

Ren attended the Harbin Medical University in Harbin, China, and received his M.D. in 1984. From 1996 to 2000, he continued his education, performing research relating to anatomy and hand surgery. During this period, specifically on January 25, 1999, the first hand transplant was performed on Mathew Scott. Ren was an influential figure in this achievement.

## Head transplant
### Mouse experiments

Prior to his announcement of attempting the first human head transplant, Ren had spent years performing the same surgery on mice. However, the results of most of the experiments ended with the subject dying. One such experiment involved 40 Kunming mice, and another 40 C57 wild type mice. Out of 80 mice selected, only 18 survived, and only for three hours. In those three hours, the mice were capable of breathing and acting normally. Ren has also stated to have practiced the procedure on human cadavers, but has yet to reveal any more information.

### Criticism

Because of Ren's lack of success, many are skeptical of his idea. One example is that of Dr. Huang Jiefu, who commented that a spine's neurons can't be reconnected once the spine is cut. Many also criticize the procedure for being too expensive, and requiring too many people.
Some also claim that such a surgery is unethical. Dr. Hunt Batjer, past-President of the Congress of Neurological Surgeons, has stated in reference to the surgery that he "would not allow anyone to do it to me as there are a lot of things worse than death."

### Human testing

In 2015, Valery Spiridonov announced he would volunteer as the body recipient for the transplant. Spiridonov suffers from musculoskeletal atrophy. He claimed that he had no plans of backing out of the surgery. He later backed out after marrying and having a son with his new wife.
In November 2017, Sergio Canavero claimed that a team led by Ren had performed the first successful human head transplant. This procedure did not involve Spiridonov. To date, no evidence has been presented of a successful procedure.
Spiridonov has expressed hope that Ren and Canavero would provide more transparency into "what went wrong in China and why."
# Santa Cruz do Sul Airport

Luiz Beck da Silva Airport (IATA: CSU, ICAO: SSSC), is the airport serving Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil.

## Airlines and destinations

No scheduled flights operate at this airport.

## Access

The airport is located 7 km (4 mi) from downtown Santa Cruz do Sul.
# 2010 Hastings County municipal elections

Elections were held in Hastings County, Ontario on October 25, 2010, in conjunction with municipal elections across the province.

## Hastings County Council

| Elected | Position |
| Bancroft Mayor | Bernice Jenkins |
| Centre Hastings Reeve | Owen Ketcheson |
| Carlow/Mayo Reeve | Bonnie Adams |
| Deseronto Mayor | Norman J. Clark |
| Faraday Reeve | Carl Tinney |
| Hastings Highlands Mayor | Ron Emond |
| Limerick Reeve | David Golem |
| Madoc Reeve | Robert Sager |
| Marmora and Lake Reeve | Terry Clemens |
| Stirling-Rawdon Mayor | Rodney Cooney |
| Tudor and Cashel Reeve | Wanda Donaldson |
| Tweed Reeve | Jo-Anne Albert |
| Tyendinaga Reeve | Rick Phillips |
| Wollaston Reeve | Dan McCaw |

## Bancroft

| Mayoral Candidate | Vote | % |
| Bernice Jenkins | 1,708 | |
| Larry McTaggart | 374 | |

## Carlow/Mayo

| Reeve Candidate | Vote | % |
| Bonnie Adams | 283 | |
| David Panabaker (X) | 254 | |

## Centre Hastings

| Reeve Candidate | Vote | % |
| Owen Ketcheson | 1,305 | |
| Tom Deline (X) | 1,095 | |

## Deseronto

| Mayoral Candidate | Vote | % |
| Norman J. Clark (X) | Acclaimed | Acclaimed |

## Faraday

| Reeve Candidate | Vote | % |
| Carl Tinney (X) | Acclaimed | Acclaimed |

## Hastings Highlands

| Mayoral Candidate | Vote |
| Ron Emond (X) | 1,926 |
| Ted Jeffery | 1,073 |
| Joe Campbell | 478 |

## Limerick

| Reeve Candidate | Vote | % |
| David Golem (X) | Acclaimed | Acclaimed |

## Madoc

| Reeve Candidate | Vote | % |
| Roger Sager (X) | Acclaimed | Acclaimed |

## Marmora and Lake

| Reeve Candidate | Vote | % |
| Terry Clemens (X) | Acclaimed | Acclaimed |

## Stirling-Rawdon

| Mayoral Candidate | Vote |
| Rodney Cooney | 1,062 |
| Vicky Adamson | 678 |
| Rob Bastedo | 578 |

## Tudor and Cashel

| Reeve Candidate | Vote | % |
| Wanda Donaldson (X) | 384 | |
| Terry Middleton | 260 | |

## Tweed

| Reeve Candidate | Vote |
| Jo-Anne Albert (X) | 1,979 |
| Lynda Akey | 981 |
| Tony Singarajah | 91 |

## Tyendinaga

| Reeve Candidate | Vote | % |
| Rick Phillips | 934 | |
| Fred Lang | 459 | |

## Wollaston

| Reeve Candidate | Vote | % |
| Dan McCaw (X) | 503 | |
| Bob Ireland | 422 | |
# Worcester-class ship of the line

The Worcester-class ships of the line were a class of three 64-gun third rates, designed for the Royal Navy by Sir Thomas Slade.

## Ships

* HMS Worcester
    Builder: Portsmouth Dockyard
    Ordered: 16 November 1765
    Launched: 17 October 1769
    Fate: Broken up, 1816
* HMS Stirling Castle
    Builder: Chatham Dockyard
    Ordered: 12 October 1768
    Launched: 28 June 1775
    Fate: Wrecked, 1780
* HMS Lion
    Builder: Portsmouth Dockyard
    Ordered: 12 October 1768
    Launched: 3 September 1777
    Fate: Sold out of the service, 1837
# Jupiter LV

Jupiter LV, provisionally known as S/2003 J 18, is a natural satellite of Jupiter. It was discovered by a team of astronomers led by Brett J. Gladman in 2003.
Jupiter LV is about 2 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Jupiter at an average distance of 20.220 Gm in 604.99 days, at an inclination of 143° to the ecliptic (145° to Jupiter's equator), in a retrograde direction and with an eccentricity of 0.0509.
It belongs to the Ananke group, retrograde irregular moons that orbit Jupiter between 22.8 and 24.1 Gm, at inclinations of roughly 150-155°.
The moon was lost following its discovery in 2003. It was recovered in 2017 and given its permanent designation that year.
# Martigné-Briand

Martigné-Briand (French pronunciation: ) is a former commune in the Maine-et-Loire department in western France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Terranjou.

## Geography

The commune is traversed by the river Layon.
# Bolsterlang

Bolsterlang (Alemannic German: Bolschterlang) is a municipality in the district of Oberallgäu in Bavaria in Germany.

## History

In 1169 AD, Count Wolfrad of Veringen transferred a tavern to the Monastery of St. George in Isny, as well as an estate belonging to the priest Wernher.
Bolsterlang belonged to the Austrian monarchy before it became part of Bavaria. The place was part of the County of Königsegg-Rothenfels, which was exchanged with Austria in 1804 and fell to Bavaria in the Treaty of Pressburg in 1805. As part of the administrative reforms in Bavaria, the current municipality was established with the municipal edict of 1818.
# La Poitevinière

La Poitevinière is a former commune in the Maine-et-Loire department in western France.
On 15 December 2015, Andrezé, Beaupréau, La Chapelle-du-Genêt, Gesté, Jallais, La Jubaudière, Le Pin-en-Mauges, La Poitevinière, Saint-Philbert-en-Mauges and Villedieu-la-Blouère merged becoming one commune called Beaupréau-en-Mauges.

## Geography

The commune is traversed by the Èvre river.
# Sundar Raj

Sundar Raj is an Indian actor who predominately works in the Kannada film industry apart from a few Tamil films. Some of his notable films include Tabbaliyu Neenade Magane, Ondanondu Kaladalli, Chandanada Gombe, Kurigalu Saar Kurigalu (2001), Mathadana (2001), Aakasmika (1993).

## Career

Sundar Raj has been part of more than 180 movies in Kannada. He has served as the Secretary of the Kannada Film Artist Association.

## Personal life

Originally from Srirangam, Tamil Nadu, his family moved to Bangalore when he was three years old.

## Selected filmography
### Kannada

* Kaadu (1973)...Kencha
* Chomana Dudi (1975)...Gurava
* Tabbaliyu Neenade Magane (1977)...Yengta
* Thappu Thalangal (1978)...Soma
* Ondanondu Kaladalli (1979)
* Chandanada Gombe (1979)...Raghavendra
* Bangarada Jinke (1980)...Peter
* Nanna Devaru (1982)
* Benkiyalli Aralida Hoovu (1983)...Chandrashekhar
* Premave Balina Belaku (1983)...Sundar
* Banker Margayya (1983)...Balu
* Onde Raktha (1984)
* Kalinga Sarpa (1984)...Rajesh
* Savira Sullu (1985)
* Trishula (1985)...Inspector Purushotham
* Samsarada Guttu (1986)
* Ondu Muttina Kathe (1987)...Dhooma
* Bhadrakali (1987)
* Digvijaya (1987)...Vijay
* Kindari Jogi (1989)...Deva
* Gagana (1989)
* Udbhava (1990)...Nanjunda
* Mana Gedda Maga (1992)
* Bhagavan Sri Saibaba (1993)...Dasaganu
* Vijaya Kranthi (1993)
* Nyayakkagi Saval (1994)
* Kotreshi Kanasu (1994)
* Diggajaru (2001)...Lekkachara
* Kurigalu Saar Kurigalu (2001)...Sundar
* Pakka Chukka (2003)...Sundru
* Samarasimha Nayka (2005)
* Ravana (2009)
* Krishna Nee Late Aagi Baaro (2010)...Mukunda Iyengar
* Aatagara (2015)
* Rocket (2015)...Dr. Sundar
* Style King (2016)...Sundar
* Lucky Man (2022)...Arjun's father
* Selfie Mummy Googl Daddy (2022)
* Case of Kondana (2024)
* Laughing Buddha (2024)

### Tamil

* Thappu Thalangal (1978)
* Uthiripookkal (1979) as Prakash
* Kaali (1980)
* Gramathu Athiyayam (1980)
* Karaiyellam Shenbagapoo (1981) as Marathamuthu
* Maruthi Nagar Police Station (2023)

### Telugu

* Kaali (1980)

## Personal life

Sundar Raj is married to Pramila Joshai, and they have a daughter named Meghana Raj. Both Pramila Joshai and Meghana Raj are Indian film actors in the Kannada film industry, while Meghana has worked mostly in Malayalam and with a few Telugu and Tamil films. Sundar Raj who is Hindu married Joshi who is Catholic despite their families's protests and their daughter was raised for the Catholic and Hindu faiths. they become grandparents of Rayan Raj Sarja.
# Ingenio et arti

Ingenio et arti (from Latin: For Science and Art) is a Danish medal awarded to prominent Danish and foreign scientists and artists. The honour, a personal award of the Monarch, was instituted by King Christian VIII in 1841, and could be awarded to women as well as men.
The reverse shows The Genius of Light, engraved after the 1841 plaster relief by Bertel Thorvaldsen.
The medal is awarded irregularly, on average less than twice per year, and was most recently (as of May 2021) awarded to John Neumeier after the première of his ballet Mahler's 3rd Symphony on 19 May 2021 at the Copenhagen Opera House.

## Recipients

* Bertha Wegmann, 1892
* Anna Ancher, 1913
* Emilie Ulrich, 1917
* Gerda Christophersen, 1929
* Karen Blixen, 1952
* Bjørn Nørgaard, 1999
* Kirsten Simone, 2001
* Ghita Nørby, 2006
* Hans Edvard Nørregård-Nielsen, 2013
* Lars Liebst [da], 2020
* John Neumeier, 2021
# Sugalepa

Sugalepa is a village in Järva Parish, Järva County in northern-central Estonia.
# Kishan Singh of Bharatpur

Maharaja Sir Kishan Singh, KCSI (1899–1929) was the ruling Maharaja of the princely state of Bharatpur (1918–1929) and successor of Maharani Girraj Kaur. During the Partition, the princely states of Alwar and Bharatpur were the sites of a pogrom directed against the Muslim Meo community.
Both Jai Singh of Alwar and Kishan Singh of Bharatpur provided official patronage to the Arya Samaj and its Shuddhi movement of conversion to Hinduism. The Hindu Mahasabha and the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) grew in importance with the patronage of their durbars. The Mahasabha's V. D. Savarkar set in motion a policy of courting Hindu princes. He officially changed the official script from Nastaliq to Nagari, and banned the teaching of Urdu and Persian in state schools. The Shahi Jama Masjid in Alwar was one of several important buildings converted by order of the government. Discriminatory taxation led to a tax revolt by the Muslim Meo population, in the course of which the state army opened fire on a crowd with machine guns at Govindgarh on January 7–8, 1933, and killed more than 30 people. Nevertheless, Ian Copland, examining census records, shows how the Muslim population which had been 26.2% in Alwar in 1941 and 19.2% in Bharatpur, dropped after the pogroms, conversions and flight, to 6% in both states. About two-thirds of their land was taken away.

## Early life

Maharaja Kishan Singh was born at Moti Mahal, Bharatpur on 4 October 1899 in a Jat family. He was eldest son of Maharaja Ram Singh by his second wife, Maharani Girraj Kaur. He was educated at Mayo College, Ajmer and Wellington.
His father was deposed in 1900, and his mother served as regent for her son until he assumed full powers in November 1918.
He was taken along by his mother to attend the Delhi Durbars of 1903 and 1911.
# Star Spangled Ice Cream

Star Spangled Ice Cream was an American ice cream company founded in 2003 by three conservative activists. They marketed their ice cream as a politically conservative alternative to Ben & Jerry's which the founders felt to be too liberal. Similarly to Ben & Jerry's, the names of the ice cream were puns, usually plays on conservative phrases and ideas, such as "Smaller Governmint", "I Hate the French Vanilla," "Navy Battle Chip," "Bill Clinton Im-peach" and "Choc & Awe". The company donated 10% of its profits to organizations that it felt supported the United States Armed Forces.

## Reception

The Star Spangled Ice Cream company received both criticism and praise through email, both of which were posted on their now-defunct website. Ted Nugent had said that he was a fan of the "Gun Nut" flavor.
# INEC

INEC may refer to:
* Ilocos Norte Electric Cooperative
* Independent National Electoral Commission, Nigeria
* National Institute of Statistics and Census (disambiguation) (Portuguese and Spanish abbreviation: INEC)
# Roosevelt High School (Roosevelt, New York)

Roosevelt High School is a four-year public high school located in Roosevelt as part of the Roosevelt School District, serving students in grades 9 through 12. It is located in the hamlet of Roosevelt in the Town of Hempstead, in Nassau County, on Long Island, in New York, United States.
As of the 2014–15 school year, the school had an enrollment of 964 students and 56.6 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 17.0:1. There were 247 students (25.6% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 46 (4.8% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch.

## Academics

Roosevelt High School has a grading and promotion policy. In order for a student to be admitted to the ninth grade, a student must pass 3 of the 4 major subject areas each year:
* English
* Mathematics
* Science
* Social Studies
The student can fail no more than the equivalent of 1 credit in minor subjects each year (i.e. Technology 1/2 credit, Home Economics 1/2 credit, etc.)
To be promoted from grade 9 to 10, a student must earn 4 units of credit.
These units must include: 1 in English and 1 in Social Studies. To be promoted from grade 10 to grade 11, a student must have earned 9 units of credit. These units must include: 2 units in English, 2 units in Social Studies, 1 unit in Mathematics, 1 unit in Science. A student must receive a minimum grade of 70 in order to advance.

## Demographics

As of the 2018–19 school year, the student body of Roosevelt High School consisted of:
* 0 American Indian or Alaska Native students (0% of the student body)
* 396 Black or African American students (40% of the student body)
* 592 Hispanic or Latino students (60% of the student body)
* 2 Asian or Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander students (.05% of the student body)
* 1 White students (.01% of the student body)
* 0 Multiracial students (0% of the student body)

## Notable alumni

Notable Roosevelt Junior-Senior High School alumni include:
* Eddie Murphy, comedian and actor.
* Julius Erving, otherwise known as "Dr. J", member of the Basketball Hall of Fame who played for the Philadelphia 76ers until his retirement.
* Howard Stern, radio personality, who called the school "[his] own personal Vietnam."
* Gabriel Casseus, Actor (New Jersey Drive, Fallen, Their Eyes Were Watching God), writer and producer (Takers).