OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1655 Malta plague outbreak

The 1655 Malta plague outbreak was a minor outbreak of plague (Maltese: pesta) on the island of Malta, then ruled by the Order of St John. The outbreak appeared in Kalkara and some cases were reported in Żabbar and the urban area around the Grand Harbour. Restrictive measures were imposed and the outbreak was contained after causing 20 deaths.

## Background

At the time of the outbreak, Malta was ruled by the Order of St John. In 1592–1593 a plague epidemic had killed about 3,000 people on the island and there was a small outbreak in 1623.

## Outbreak

In 1655 the plague was introduced to Malta through ships which had travelled from the Eastern Mediterranean to the island. They were anchored in Kalkara Creek, and the disease was first detected in a man from the village of Kalkara who had contact with them. The plague spread to other family members in Żabbar, and physicians were informed of the possibility of a contagious disease. Some cases later appeared in the urban area around the Grand Harbour: in Valletta, Birgu, Senglea and Bormla.

### Containment measures

A medical commission was set up to investigate when the outbreak was detected, and it concluded that the disease was contagious and recommended the setting up of containment measures. Those who were infected were isolated at the Lazzaretto on Bishop's Island and those who had been in contact with them were quarantined. Their house and its contents were burnt down, and a cordon sanitaire was imposed on the town of Żabbar. When the disease appeared in the other Grand Harbour settlements, similar restrictions on movement were imposed and through these measures the outbreak was successfully contained.
During the 1655 outbreak, contact between Malta and Sicily was limited due to restrictions imposed by the Viceroy of Sicily.

## Impact

The outbreak caused the deaths of 20 people over a period of three months.
# 1707–08 Iceland smallpox epidemic

Iceland experienced one of its deadliest outbreaks of smallpox beginning in 1707. The epidemic ultimately killed around 12,000 Icelanders, close to one-quarter of the island's population at the time.

## Background

Iceland in 1707 was a territory of the Kingdom of Denmark with 53,681 people according to one tally of the 1703 census. Epidemic diseases like smallpox did not naturally sustain themselves on the island due to the relatively sparse population, but frequent trade and travel with Denmark presented a vulnerability to cross-Atlantic spread of contagious diseases. Smallpox had crossed the ocean before in 1670, causing a two-year epidemic, and since then a new generation of people had developed with no immunity to the disease.

## Epidemic

In 1707, smallpox arrived in Iceland aboard a ship from Denmark when a passenger fell sick and died with the disease. Despite being buried at sea, the index case's contaminated clothing remained and infected at least one other person on board. The next year it had spread to almost every town across Iceland. The last reported cases were in the spring of 1709. Ultimately, the outbreak may have killed a quarter of the population of Iceland at the time.
# St. Catherine's Church, Gdańsk

St Catherine's Church (Polish: Kościół św. Katarzyny, German: Katharinenkirche) is the oldest church in Gdańsk, Poland. Though building began in the 1220s, it experienced many renovations and additions to reach its full size. The Gothic-style design includes chappels, a high gable roof, a square floor plan, vaults, and more.
It was a Protestant church from 1545 until the end of World War II in 1945, after which it returned to the Catholic Church.
The 14th-century building includes Hevelius' tomb, due to his dedication to his role as church administrator. It was once the parish church of the Old Town.
It houses the world's first pulsar clock (since 2011), the Museum of Turret Clocks (part of the Museum of Gdańsk) and previously (2000-2006) an art gallery (in its attic). The 76 meter tower, topped with Baroque spires, houses a 50-bell carillon. The carillon chimes on the hour, every hour, since the 50th anniversary of the outbreak of World War II.
In 2006 it suffered a major fire, resulting in the collapse of the roof.

## Gallery

* The church in 1695
* The church in the 1770s
* Interior
# Juniperella

Juniperella mirabilis is a species of beetle in the family Buprestidae, subfamily Buprestinae and tribe Melanophilini the only species in the genus Juniperella.
# Berlin (sculpture)

Berlin is a sculpture on the Tauentzienstraße in Berlin, the capital of Germany. First conceived in 1985 and unveiled by the husband-and-wife sculpting team of Brigitte Matschinsky-Denninghoff and Martin Matschinsky in 1987, the sculpture's principal motif, a "broken chain", was meant to symbolize the severed connections between West and East Berlin due to the construction of the Berlin Wall. After the Wall was dismantled, the sculpture was bought by the city from Matschinsky-Denninghoff to commemorate this period in German history.

## History

Berlin was one of eight sculptures designed during "Skulpturenboulevard Kurfürstendamm" (Boulevard of Sculptures: Kurfürstendamm), an event commissioned by the city of West Berlin to celebrate Berlin's 750th anniversary in 1987. Of the eight sculptures unveiled, three were allowed to remain past the anniversary year (Berlin, Pyramide, and Cadillacs in Form der nackten Maja); the city and Deutsche Bank acquired Berlin after its original lease had expired.
For the event, the sculptors were allowed free rein to decide where on or around the Kurfürstendamm to erect their work. The Matschinsky-Denninghoffs chose the Tauentzienstraße in front of the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gedächtniskirche, which was heavily damaged during the Bombing of Berlin in World War II, as the place to build and unveil their sculpture.
The sculpture consists of four steel tubes extending upwards. Each is about two meters in diameter, reinforced with a concrete base. For about half a meter, one of the two ends on each side tilt, then change direction completely, looping but not touching, symbolizing the closeness and isolation between the two sides of Berlin. The surface of the tubes are covered by chrome nickel steel, which can darken or shine depending on the time of day.
Describing the meaning and impact intended by the Berlin sculpture, Brigitte Matschinsky-Denninghoff said, "The sculpture is accessible from all sides and thus perceivable to viewers. [What is] emphasized is the direction West-East and East-West. Our sculpture is specifically designed as a big, 'organically grown' gate, forming a double arch which is not just necessary and practical, [but an] invigorating emphasis...we are trying to communicate something of Berlin's situation in a symbolic way."
# Very important person

A very important person (VIP or V.I.P.) or personage is a person who is accorded special privileges due to their high social rank, status, influence, or importance. The term was not common until sometime after World War II when it was popularised by Royal Air Force pilots.
Examples include celebrities, heads of state or government, other high-ranking politicians, or any other socially notable person who receives special treatment for any reason. The special treatment usually involves separation from common people, and a higher level of comfort or service.

## Commerce

In some cases, such as with tickets, VIP may be used as a title in a similar way to premium or exclusive. Usually in airports, VIP tickets can be purchased by anyone, but still meaning separation from other customers, own security checks etc.
VIP airport terminals may be used by foreign ministers, ambassadors or high-ranking government personalities, provided that they are officially invited by the receiving country's government.
Sometimes, the term very very important person (VVIP or V.V.I.P.) is also used, especially with reference to VIPs with very high socioeconomic rank or purchasing power. It is used especially when anyone can buy VIP treatment, to distinguish people with especially high requirements. V.V.V.I.P. (or VVVIP) can denote even another, higher level of exclusivity.
# Mala Remeta Monastery

The Mala Remeta Monastery (Serbian: Манастир Мала Ремета, romanized: Manastir Mala Remeta) is a Serb Orthodox monastery on the Fruška Gora mountain in the northern Serbia, in the province of Vojvodina. Its foundation is traditionally ascribed to the Serbian King Dragutin (1276–1282). The earliest historical records relating to the monastery date back to the middle of the 16th century. At the end of the 17th century, Turks had already destroyed it, so when Rača was torn down, the refugee monks came to their appendage Mala Remeta and reconstructed it. The appearance of the earlier church is not known, and the extant one was erected on the same site in 1739. The throne icons on the altar screen were painted by Janko Halkozović in 1759, and the wall paintings are a 1910 work of Kosta Vanđelović.
Mala Remeta Monastery was declared Monument of Culture of Exceptional Importance in 1990, and it is protected by Republic of Serbia.
# Ordinariate for Eastern Catholic faithful

An ordinariate for the faithful of Eastern rite is a geographical ecclesiastical structure for Eastern Catholic communities in areas where no eparchy of their own particular Church has been established. This structure was introduced by the apostolic letter Officium supremi Apostolatus of 15 July 1912.
In the Annuario Pontificio the eight existing ordinariates of this kind are listed together with the fifteen (pre-diocesan) apostolic exarchates. Of these ordinariates, four (in Argentina, Brazil, France and Poland) are generically for all Eastern Catholics who lack a 'proper' diocesan jurisdiction of their own rite in the particular country and who are therefore entrusted to the care of a Latin Archbishop in the country. The one in Austria is for Catholics belonging to any of the fourteen particular Churches that use the Byzantine Rite. The other three (Ex-Soviet 'Eastern Europe', Greece and Romania) are exclusively for members of the Armenian Catholic Church.

## Existing ordinariates

| Ordinariate | Geographical area | Jurisdiction | Cathedral see | Ordinary | Date(s) of founding |
| Ordinariate for Eastern Catholics in Argentina | Argentina | All Eastern Catholics | now Buenos Aires | Metropolitan Archbishop of Buenos Aires | 1959-02-19 |
| Ordinariate for Catholics of Byzantine Rite in Austria | Austria | All Eastern Catholics | Vienna | vested in the Metropolitan Archbishop of Vienna | 1945-10-03 and 1956-06-13 |
| Ordinariate for Eastern Catholics in Brazil | Brazil | All Eastern Catholics | presently Belo Horizonte | Metropolitan Archbishop of Belo Horizonte | 1951-11-14 |
| Ordinariate for Catholics of Armenian Rite in Eastern Europe | only Armenia, Georgia, Russia, Poland and Ukraine | Armenian Rite Catholics | Gyumri (Armenia) | Armenian bishop of a titular see | 1991-07-13 |
| Ordinariate for Eastern Catholics in France | France | All Eastern Catholics | Paris | vested in the Metropolitan Archbishop of Paris | 1954-06-16 |
| Ordinariate for Catholics of Armenian Rite in Greece | Greece | Armenian Rite Catholics | Athens | vacant (under an apostolic administrator) | 1925-12-21 |
| Ordinariate for Eastern Catholics in Poland | Poland | All Eastern Catholics | Warsaw | vested in the Metropolitan Archbishop of Warsaw | 1991-01-16 |
| Ordinariate for Catholics of Armenian Rite in Romania | Romania | Armenian Rite Catholics | Gherla | vacant (under an apostolic administrator) | 1930-06-05 |
| Ordinariate for Eastern Catholics in Spain | Spain | All Eastern Catholics | none yet | Metropolitan Archbishop of Madrid | 2016-06-09 |

## Former ordinariates

* Ordinariate of the Albanians in Sicily, established in 1784, was promoted to Italo-Albanese Catholic Eparchy of Piana degli Albanesi in 1937.
* Ordinariate of Poland for Greek and Armenian Catholics, established in 1981, became the present all-rites Ordinariate for Eastern Catholics in Poland in 1991.
# 1916 Cockermouth by-election

The 1916 Cockermouth by-election was held on 2 March 1916. The by-election was held due to the resignation of the incumbent Liberal MP, Sir Wilfrid Lawson, 3rd Baronet, of Brayton. It was won by the Liberal candidate Joseph Bliss, who was unopposed.
Cockermouth by-election, 1916 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Joseph Bliss | Unopposed | N/A | N/A |
| | Liberal hold | Liberal hold | Liberal hold | Liberal hold | Liberal hold |
# Rakovac Monastery

The Rakovac Monastery (Serbian: Манастир Раковац, romanized: Manastir Rakovac) is a Serb Orthodox monastery on the Fruška Gora mountain in the northern Serbian province of Vojvodina. The monastery of Rakovac with its church dedicated to the Holy Healers Cosmas and Damian, as tradition has it, was founded by Raka Milošević, Chief Chamberlain to Despot Jovan Branković, according to a legend written in 1704. The legend states that Raka erected the monastery in 1498. The earliest historical records mentioning the monastery are dated to 1545–1546. Inside, there are fragments of the frescoes on the walls which date from the first half of the 16th century. The baroque bell-tower was adjoined in 1735, and the residential building gained its final, three-range shape in 1771. The icons on the baroque iconostasis were painted by Vasa Ostojić in 1763, while the wall paintings in the refectory are 1768 works of Amvrosije Janković.
Rakovac Monastery was declared Monument of Culture of Exceptional Importance in 1990, and it is protected by Republic of Serbia.
# Bob Sadowski (pitcher)

Robert Sadowski (February 19, 1938 – August 5, 2018) was an American pitcher in Major League Baseball who played from 1963 through 1966 for the Milwaukee Braves (1963–65) and Boston Red Sox (1966). Sadowski batted and threw right-handed. He debuted on June 19, 1963 and played his final game on July 4, 1966. He was the brother of Ed Sadowski and Ted Sadowski, and uncle of Jim Sadowski. He was not, however, related to third baseman Bob Sadowski, who played for four MLB teams between 1960 and 1963.

## Career

Sadowski divided his playing time between starting and relieving. He was signed by the St. Louis Cardinals as a free agent in 1958, then was sent to the Milwaukee Braves along with Gene Oliver in 1963 in the same trade that brought Lew Burdette to the Cardinals. His most productive season came in 1964, when he posted career-highs in wins (9), games pitched (51), starts (18), saves (5) and innings (1662⁄3).
Sadowski has the distinction of being the last Braves starting pitcher in their final home opener in Milwaukee, as he defeated the Chicago Cubs 5–1 (April 15, 1965). Suffering from arm miseries, he pitched his final Major League season for the Boston Red Sox in 1966. Sadowski worked in only 331⁄3 innings and made five starts, but one of them, on June 1, saw him combine with José Santiago on a three-hit shutout to defeat the Washington Senators at Fenway Park. It was Sadowski's only win in a Red Sox uniform and his last in the big leagues.
In a four-season MLB career, Sadowski posted a 20–27 record with a 3.87 ERA, eight saves, and 257 strikeouts in 115 games (54 as a starter). In 4392⁄3 innings pitched, he allowed 416 hits and 130 bases on balls.
# Koporin

The Koporin Monastery (Serbian: Манастир Копорин, romanized: Manastir Koporin) is a monastery at the outskirts of the town of Velika Plana, Serbia, just off the road to Smederevska Palanka. The monastery church, dedicated to St. Stephen, was built during the reign of Despot Stefan Lazarević (1389–1427) whose portrait is preserved as a fresco inside the church, under the inscription "Despot". Stefan Lazarević acquired this title after the Battle of Ankara in 1402, and on that basis the painting was dated. The ktetor and the exact time of the monastery's founding is unknown. Stefan Lazarević is buried in this church. The monastery was in a dilapidated state until the 1880s, when reconstruction began. In the late 1950s and 1960s, massive conservation of architectural elements and paintings was finished.
Koporin Monastery was declared a Monument of Culture of Great Importance in 1979, and it is protected by the Republic of Serbia.
# Beočin Monastery

The Beočin Monastery (Serbian: Mанастир Беочин, romanized: Manastir Beočin) is a Serbian Orthodox monastery, located just outside Beočin, on Fruška Gora mountain in the northern Serbian province of Vojvodina.
The date of its founding is unknown. It was first mentioned in Ottoman Turkish records dated in 1566/1567. The monastery suffered heavy damages and was abandoned during the Austro-Turkish Wars (1593–1791), but the monks of Rača (western Serbia) arrived and reconstructed the holy place. The construction works on the extant church lasted from 1732 until 1740, and the bell-tower was completed in 1762. A general reconstruction was undertaken in 1893. The icons were painted by Janko Halkozović, Dimitrije Bačević and Teodor Kračun.
Beočin Monastery was declared a Monument of Culture of Exceptional Importance in 1990 and it is protected by Republic of Serbia.
# Rebel Armed Forces

The Rebel Armed Forces (Spanish: Fuerzas Armadas Rebeldes, FAR) was a Guatemalan guerrilla organization established in 1961 and lasting until the peace agreements in 1996.
In the late 1960s, the Guatemalan government began a United States-backed counter-insurgency campaign that killed between 2,800 and 8000 FAR supporters in eastern Guatemala. The survivors of this campaign, which devastated the FAR, regrouped in Mexico City in the 1970s, and founded the Guerrilla Army of the Poor (EGP), which succeeded in mobilizing tremendous popular support over the next few years.
FAR is most significantly known for having killed the U.S. ambassador to Guatemala, John Gordon Mein, in 1968. Also killed that year were two U.S. military advisers, Colonel John Webber and Ernest Munro, although they might have been killed at the command of PGT leader Leonardo Castillo Johnson.
In 1970, the group briefly kidnapped Guatemala's foreign minister Alberto Fuentes Mohr, but freed him in exchange for the release of a student leader. Karl von Spreti, West German ambassador to Guatemala, was kidnapped and murdered by the FAR as well in that year. Further actions that year included the kidnapping of U.S. labor attaché Sean Holly, he was freed for the release of FAR prisoners.
# Frankfort Light

The Frankfort Light is a lighthouse located on the north breakwater in the harbor in Frankfort, Michigan. The current light was constructed in 1912 and placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.

## History

The harbor at Frankfort was first dredged in 1859. A series of improvements were begun in 1867, with piers completed in 1873. The original Frankfort North Breakwater lighthouse, an enclosed timber-framed pyramid beacon, was built in 1873 at the end of this long wooden pier with an elevated catwalk which led to the shore; the light was first lit on October 15, 1873. A fog signal was added in 1893.
In 1912, a new square steel pyramidal tower was constructed on the North Pier. The light was electrified in 1919. In the 1920s, construction began on a pair of concrete breakwaters at the harbor entrance. Construction was complete by the early 1930s. With the earlier piers now rendered obsolete, plans were made to shorten them. In 1932, the 1912 lighthouse was removed from the north pier and relocated at the head of the north breakwater. The original pyramid style lighthouse was increased in size by placing it on top of a new two-story addition.
In 2010, the US Coast Guard excessed the lighthouse, and in 2011 ownership was transferred to the city of Frankfort.

## Description

The current breakwater light in Frankfort is located at the head of the north breakwater. It is a square steel pyramidal tower; the original 1912 lighthouse stands 44 feet (13 m) tall. The light is placed atop a 25-foot (7.6 m) tall square steel base. The cast iron lantern room, surrounded by a gallery, originally contained a fifth order Fresnel lens that was upgraded to a fourth order Fresnel lens. Other structures associated with the light include a radio beacon and a United States Coast Guard station.
# Marco Gonthier

Marco Gonthier (born December 26, 1976) is a Canadian former professional darts player who participated in many Quebec and Halifax Opens.

## Career

Gonthier appeared at the Quebec Open for the first time on January 19, 2008, and after that participated at the BDO World Darts Championship on December 4 of the same year. Three days later, he took part in the World Masters where he scored last in 64 have losing to Ian Jones 3-2 (sets). On January 18, 2009, he became a quarter finalist at the Quebec Open and on January 17 of next year became its winner. On March 7 of the same year, he became a Halifax Open quarter finalist and then played last 16 at both the Quebec Open on January 16, 2011, and at the Halifax Open on March 6 of the same year. On January 21, 2012, he became a semi finalist at Quebec Open and then played last 16 at the Halifax Open during both 2012 and 2013 seasons. In June 2017 he represented Quebec at the National Darts Championship in Saint-Jean, New Brunswick. He resides in Saint-Léon-Le-Grand.
# Keith Dobney

Keith M. Dobney FSA FLS is a British archaeologist and academic, specialising in bioarchaeology and palaeopathology of human and animal remains. Since 2020, he has been Head of the School of Philosophical and Historical Inquiries at the University of Sydney. He previously worked at the Institute of Archaeology, the University of York, the University of Durham, the University of Aberdeen, and the University of Liverpool.

## Selected works

* Dobney, Keith; Brothwell, Don (1987). "A method for evaluating the amount of dental calculus on teeth from archaeological sites". Journal of Archaeological Science. 14 (4): 343–351. Bibcode:1987JArSc..14..343D. doi:10.1016/0305-4403(87)90024-0.
* Dobney, Keith; Rielly, Kevin (1988). "A method for recording archaeological animal bones: the use of diagnostic zones". Circaea. 5 (2): 79–96.
* Dobney, Keith; Jaques, Deborah; Irving, Brian G. (1996). Of butchers & breeds: report on vertebrate remains from various sites in the city of Lincoln. Lincoln: City of Lincoln Council.
* Dobney, Keith; Ervynck, Anton (2000). "Interpreting developmental stress in archaeological pigs: the chronology of linear enamel hypoplasia". Journal of Archaeological Science. 27 (7): 597–607. Bibcode:2000JArSc..27..597D. doi:10.1006/jasc.1999.0477.
* Dobney, Keith M.; O'Connor, Terry, eds. (2002). Bones and the Man: Studies in Honour of Don Brothwell. Oxford: Oxbow Books. ISBN 978-1842170601.
* Dobney, Keith; Larson, Greger (2006). "Genetics and animal domestication: new windows on an elusive process" (PDF). Journal of Zoology. 269 (2): 261–271. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00042.x.