OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Before and After (Chad & Jeremy song)

"Before and After" is a 1965 hit single by Chad & Jeremy. It was the duo's label debut on Columbia Records, released after Columbia acquired rights to all of the duo's post-January 1, 1965 recordings. The song was written by Van McCoy, then a staff writer for Columbia's publishing arm April Blackwood Music. Artie Wayne, professional manager of April Blackwood, placed "Before and After" with Chad & Jeremy, who recorded the song in March 1965 in the sessions for their album also entitled Before and After; Lor Crane produced these sessions at Columbia's New York City studios.
The song borrows the concept of "before and after" images popular in advertising campaigns for weight loss products: the song's narrator compares his image with that of the current beau of his ex-girlfriend: "He wears a smile, I wear a frown...See the difference between the old and new/ Before and after losing you."
"Before and After" rose to a Billboard Hot 100 peak of No. 17 in June 1965. Its chart impact was muted by the concurrent release of other Chad & Jeremy singles by the duo's previous label World Artists (specifically "What Do You Want With Me" and "From a Window"). "Before and After" was Chad & Jeremy's fourth – and final – Top 20 hit. On Canada's CHUM Charts the song reached No. 31.
An earlier recording of the song had been made by the Fleetwoods for their January 1965 album Before and After; the title track was stylized as "Before and After (Losing You)" and released as an unsuccessful single release that February. "Before and After" has also been recorded by the American Breed, Lesley Gore, and by writer Van McCoy himself on his 1978 album My Favorite Fantasy.
# Minister of Armaments (France)

The Minister of Armaments and War Production (French: Ministre de l'Armement et des fabrications de guerre) was a position in the France cabinet during World War I (1914–18), and the Minister of Armaments (French: Ministre à l’Armement} was a cabinet post during and after World War II (1939–45).

## Ministers

| Start | End | Officeholder | Title |
| 12 December 1916 | 12 September 1917 | Albert Thomas | Ministre de l'Armement et des fabrications de guerre |
| 12 September 1917 | 16 November 1918 | Louis Loucheur | Ministre de l'Armement, des fabrications de guerre et de la Reconstruction industrielle |
| 13 September 1939 | 16 June 1940 | Raoul Dautry | Ministre à l’Armement |
| 7 June 1943 | 9 November 1943 | Jean Monnet | Commissaire à l'Armement, à l'Approvisionnement et à la Reconstruction |
| 21 November 1945 | 16 December 1946 | Charles Tillon | Ministre à l’Armement |
| 20 January 1952 | 8 March 1952 | Maurice Bourgès-Maunoury | Ministre à l’Armement |

## Sub-Secretaries of State

| Start | End | Officeholder | Title |
| 26 August 1914 | 12 December 1916 | Albert Thomas | Sous-secrétariat d'Etat à l'artillerie et à l'équipement militaire |
| 14 December 1916 | 13 November 1917 | Jules Breton | Sous-secrétaire d'Etat des inventions intéressant la défense nationale |
| 14 December 1916 | 12 September 1917 | Louis Loucheur | Sous-secrétaire d'État de l'Armement et la Fabrication de guerre chargé des Fabrications de guerre |
| 21 March | 10 May 1940 | François Blancho | Sous-secrétaire d'État à l'Armement |
| 24 June 1946 | 18 December 1946 | Georges Gosnat | Sous-secrétaire d'État à l'Armement |
| 16 December 1946 | 22 January 1947 | Paul Béchard | Sous-secrétaire d'État à l'Armement |
| 31 October 1947 | 24 November 1947 | Joannès Dupraz | Sous-secrétaire d'État à l'Armement |
| 20 January 1955 | 23 February 1955 | Diomède Catroux | Sous-secrétaire d'État à l'Armement |
# Sam Green (councillor)

Sam Green was an openly gay psychiatric nurse and Liberal politician who was elected as a member of Durham City Council in 1972. He has been described as the first openly gay councillor in England and first openly gay candidate in an election in Britain.

## Political career

Green was aged 31 at the time of his election to the Crossgate seat, and had stood for election to the council twice before. During the campaign he openly identified himself as gay and as a member of the Gay Liberation Front, and in an interview with Gay News he reported that his sexuality had been extensively covered in the press and had attracted negative comments from opponents. He was elected to the seat, ousting an 18-year incumbent councillor.
As one of his actions as a councillor, he asked for Gay News to be stocked in the city's libraries.
Green retained his seat in the 1973 and 1976 local elections, but did not stand in the 1979 elections (when the seat was incorporated into a larger Crossgate and Framwelgate ward).

## World in Action documentary

In 1973, as part of long-running series World in Action, ITV broadcast a 30-minute documentary about Green and his election to Durham council, entitled "Conversations with a Gay Liberal". Council colleagues opposed production of the documentary, and banned filming in the Durham council chambers.
The documentary was selected in 1974 to be preserved in the National Film Archive and was re-released on DVD in 2014 as part of World in Action: Volume 4.
# Hideaki Yanagida

Hideaki Yanagida (柳田 英明, Yanagida Hideaki, born 1 January 1947) is a retired Japanese bantamweight freestyle wrestler. He won his event at the 1970 Asian Games, 1970 and 1971 world championships and 1972 Summer Olympics.

## Life and career

He felt extremely pressured to perform well at the 1972 Olympics, and thus complained of an early burnout. He retired right after winning gold and became the coach of the national team in 1973 up until the 1976 Summer Olympics. He was then working in his home town for the family business (a liquor shop) and in 1983 was invited to coach the Korean national team up to the 1988 Summer Olympics. Since 1993, he has been coaching wrestlers in his home town. As a coach, he advised Mitsuru Sato who later won gold at the 1988 Olympics, to attend Nippon Sport Science University.
# Christina Riegel

Christina "Tina" Riegel (born 25 August 1965 in Stuttgart, Germany) is a former German figure skater who competed in pair skating and ladies singles at the 1980 Winter Olympics.
With partner Andreas Nischwitz, Riegel won the gold medal at the German Figure Skating Championships three straight years, beginning in 1979. They finished eighth at the 1980 Olympics, when Riegel was just 14 years old, and the following year, the pair won the silver medal at the European Figure Skating Championships and the bronze at the World Figure Skating Championships.
Riegel also won the bronze medal at the German Nationals in ladies singles in 1980 and 1981. She finished 18th at the 1980 Olympics and 19th at that year's World Championships.

## Results
### Single skating

International :
| Event | 1980 | 1981 |
| Winter Olympics | 18th | |
| World Championships | 19th | |
| European Championships | WD |
| National |||
| West German Championships | 3rd | 3rd |
| WD = Withdrew |||

### Pair skating with Nischwitz

International :
| Event | 1979 | 1980 | 1981 |
| Winter Olympics | | 8th | |
| World Championships | 8th | 5th | 3rd |
| European Championships | 8th | 6th | 2nd |
| National ||||
| West German Championships | 1st | 1st | 1st |
# Taxware

Taxware, LLC is a division of Vista Equity Partners that specializes in sales, use and value-added tax calculation. Taxware is based in Wilmington, MA. Founded in 1979, Taxware is Sarbanes-Oxley Section 404 compliant and one of six Certified Service Provider Platforms available to retailers. In December 2012, Taxware was acquired by Vista Equity Partners from Automatic Data Processing.

## History

Taxware was founded by Dan Sullivan in 1979 as Audio Visual Products (AVP). In 1980 they released their first product, Sales Tax Rate File. AVP changed its name to Taxware, Int’l in 1996 and in 2000 was purchased by First Data Corporation. In 2003, Taxware acquired TaxSolver from ATX and in 2006, First Data Corps sold Taxware to Automatic Data Processing (ADP).
In December 2012 Taxware was acquired by Vista Equity Partners. As part of the acquisition, Taxware relocated its headquarters from Salem, NH to Ballardvale Office Park in Wilmington, MA.

## Products and services

* Taxware Enterprise (TWE) is a global tax calculation engine that operates in nearly every country in the world. TWE operates as part of an existing financial or accounting system.
* Sales and Use Tax System (SUT) is a tax calculation engine that operates specifically in North America. SUT operates as part of an existing financial or accounting system.
* Sales Tax Service (STS) is a filing program where Taxware’s clients delegate tax filings and payments directly to Taxware.
* TaxSolver is a tax-return generation system. TaxSolver processes and converts imported data to generate tax returns. TaxSolver operates as part of an existing financial or accounting system.
* Tax Content Solution (TCS) provides the same tax rates and product taxability rules as featured in the Taxware Enterprise application, without the full calculation engine. TCS is uploaded into a Point of Sale application.
# 2008 Mahoran departmental election

Legislative elections were held in Mayotte on 9 and 16 March 2008 as part of the 2008 French municipal elections. The Union for a Popular Movement emerged as the largest party, winning eight of the nineteen seats.

## Results

| Party | Party | Seats |
| | Union for a Popular Movement | 8 |
| | Miscellaneous right | 4 |
| | Citizen and Republican Movement | 1 |
| | Democratic Movement | 1 |
| | Miscellaneous left | 1 |
| | Independents | 4 |
| Total | Total | 19 |
| Source: CIA |||
# Žiga Dimec

Žiga Dimec (born 20 February 1993) is a Slovenian professional basketball player for TSG GhostHawks of the P. League+. He also represents the Slovenian national basketball team.

## Professional career

Dimec played in youth categories with Zlatorog Laško. For the 2010–11 season he was loaned to Konjice of the Slovenian Second League. From 2011 to 2014 he played with Zlatorog Laško. For the 2014–15 season he moved to Rogaška. In July 2015, he signed with Krka.
On 3 September 2018 Dimec signed a three-month deal with Medi Bayreuth.
On 27 November 2018 Dimec signed with Lithuanian team BC Lietkabelis.
On 1 December 2021 he signed with Anwil Włocławek of the PLK.
On 30 August 2022 he signed with Nishinomiya Storks of the B.League.
On 13 September 2023 he signed with Mersin Büyükşehir Belediyesi of the Türkiye Basketbol Ligi.
In the middle of the 2023/2024 season, after terminating the contract with the Turkish club, he joined KK Włocławek of the Polish Basketball League on January 4, 2024.
On August17, 2024, he signed with TSG GhostHawks of the P. League+.

## National team career

With Slovenia's junior national teams, Dimec played at the 2010 FIBA Europe Under-18 Championship, 2011 FIBA Europe Under-18 Championship, 2012 FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship and 2013 FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship.
Dimec became a member of the senior Slovenian national basketball team in 2016. He played at the EuroBasket 2017.
# Luka Lapornik

Luka Lapornik (born 24 October 1988) is a Slovenian professional basketball player for Šentjur of the Slovenian First Division. He is a 1.95 m (6 ft 5 in) tall swingman.

## Slovenia national team

Lapornik was called by coach Božidar Maljković to help the Slovenia national team prepare for the Eurobasket 2011 tournament. He played five friendly games, scoring 4 points. Again he was called to preparations before Eurobasket 2013. He played seven friendly games, scoring 10 points.
# Miha Lokar

Miha Lokar (born 10 September 1935) is a Slovenian former basketball player. He represented the Yugoslavia national basketball team internationally. Lokar was a member of the Yugoslavia national team that competed in the men's tournament at the 1960 Summer Olympics.
# Siege of Pirisabora

The siege of Pirisabora took place when the Roman Emperor Julian besieged the fortified city of Pirisabora under Mamersides in April 363.
After two days of fierce fighting, the Sasanians and the citizens abandoned the circuit walls and took up a defensive position in the acropolis. After some failed attempts, the Romans began to construct a siege tower, after which Mamersides reached a compromise with Julian to hand over the fort in exchange for a safe withdrawal. Julian subsequently pillaged and burned the abandoned city.

## Background

After settling political affairs in Constantinople, Emperor Julian gathered an army of 95,000 in Antioch for his invasion of the Sassanid Empire. Upon his arrival at Carrhae, Julian sent his generals, Procopius and Sebastianus, with 30,000 men into Armenia to join up with Arshak II's army of 24,000. At the same time the main body under Julian himself wheeled south, reaching the Euphrates at Callinicum, whence he directed his march south-east along the river towards Ctesiphon, the winter capital of the Sassanids.

## The siege and aftermath

Having accepted the submission of Anah and other important cities of Assyria during the course of his march through the province, Julian at length arrived before the walls of Pirisabora, a city 50 miles from Ctesiphon. Garrisoned by a strong detachment of the Persians under Mamersides (per Ammianus), or Momoseiros (per Zosimus), the city maintained a stout defense. However, the walls were soon reduced by the siege engines of the Roman emperor, and the garrison, which retired to an inner citadel while the enemy commenced the sack of the city, was soon after brought to surrender, after a mere two day siege. Pirisabora was burnt and mercilessly ravaged by the soldiery, who well remembered the treatment of the Persians towards Amida, after its capture four years previously (A.D. 359). The spoils of the city were distributed by Julian to the Army. Following this victory, the Roman army marched towards Ctesiphon, sacking and burning Bithra, Diacira and Ozogardana in the process.
Julian later saw the bodies of Mamersides's kinsmen near Seleucia. They were apparently killed by the Sasanians in revenge for Mamersides's surrender.
# Jure Bučar

Jure Bučar (born January 4, 1966, in Ljubljana) is a retired male freestyle swimmer from Slovenia. He represented his native country in three consecutive Summer Olympics, starting in 1992 (Barcelona, Spain).
# Debra L. Stephens

Debra Leigh Stephens (née Williams; born 1965) is an American lawyer who has served as the chief justice of the Washington Supreme Court since 2025. She previously served as chief justice from 2020 to 2021. She was appointed to the court in December 2007 by Governor Christine Gregoire and took office on January 1, 2008. She was elected by voters in 2008 and re-elected in 2014 and 2020. Prior to her appointment, Stephens served as a judge for Division Three of the Washington Court of Appeals and as an adjunct professor at Gonzaga University School of Law. She is the first judge from Division Three of the Court of Appeals to serve on the Washington State Supreme Court, and the first woman from Eastern Washington to do so.

## Biography
### Early life and education

Debra Leigh Williams grew up in Spokane, Washington. She graduated from West Valley High School, where she was student body president and a national "Century III Leader." In 2012, she was inducted into its alumni Hall of Fame. She graduated from Gonzaga University and taught speech communication and coached the debate team at Spokane Falls Community College before entering Gonzaga University School of Law as a Thomas More Scholar. She earned her J.D. degree with honors, graduating summa cum laude in 1993.

### Career

After completing law school, Stephens served as a staff attorney for the Honorable Frederick L. Van Sickle, United States District Court for the Eastern District of Washington from 1993 to 1995. Stephens then went into private practice. From 1995 until April 2007 she helped coordinate the Amicus Curiae Program of the Washington State Trial Lawyers Association Foundation. She also taught federal and state constitutional law, community property, appellate advocacy, and legal research and writing as an adjunct professor for Gonzaga University School of Law.
In 2007, she was appointed and then elected as a judge for Division Three of the Washington Court of Appeals. Judge Stephens was then appointed to the Washington State Supreme Court effective January 1, 2008. She was then elected in 2008 to the Washington Supreme Court and re-elected in 2014.
In October 2018, Stephens concurred when the majority abolished the state's death penalty because they found its racist imposition violated the Constitution of Washington.
On November 6, 2019, Stephens was unanimously selected to be the next Chief Justice of the Washington Supreme Court, following the retirement of Mary Fairhurst.
Stephens was re-elected as an associate justice in 2020. She was succeeded as Chief Justice by Steven González on January 11, 2021.

### Marriage and children

Stephens and her husband, Craig, have been married since 1989, and have two children.
# Bombing of Okazaki in World War II

The bombing of Okazaki (岡崎空襲, Okazaki kūshū) was part of the strategic bombing air raids on Japan campaign waged by the United States against military and civilian targets and population centers during the Japan home islands campaign in the closing stages of the Pacific War.

## Background

Although the city of Okazaki was not a major population center and had no major targets of military significance, it was a satellite town supporting the metropolis of Nagoya. The Tōkaidō Main Line railway connecting Tokyo with Osaka also ran through the city, and it became one of the 57 regional population centers added to the list of targets by General Curtis LeMay in June 1945 following the destruction of Japan's main cites.

## Air raids

On July 19, 1945, 126 B-29 Superfortress bombers of the USAAF 20th Air Force, 314th Bombardment Wing departed from Guam in the Mariana Islands. On the same day, air raids were also launched against Fukui, Hitachi, and Chōshi. The B-29s arrived over target at Okazaki after midnight on June 20, 1945, and found the target mostly obscured by clouds. Bombing commenced at 0052 hours from an altitude of 3900 meters, and a total of 12,506 Incendiary bombs were dropped on the city, destroying most of the city center. The Okazaki city hall survived the attack; however at 1230 hours, a flight of P-38 Lightning fighters strafed civilians lined up at the city hall awaiting emergency medical treatment. The estimated total civilian casualties were 203 people killed, 13 missing, 32,068 injured with 7312 houses destroyed and 230 houses partially destroyed. The bombing rendered about one third of the city's population homeless. The Imperial Japanese Navy’s Okazaki Air Field and a large textile plant owned by Nisshinbo Industries were undamaged in the attack, which was aimed solely at the destruction of the city's civilian population.
A year after the war, the United States Army Air Forces's Strategic Bombing Survey (Pacific War) reported that 32.2 percent of the city had been destroyed.
# Gollum (disambiguation)

Gollum is a character in English writer J. R. R. Tolkien's fictional universe of Middle-earth.
Gollum may also refer to:

## Taxa

* Gollum, a genus of ground shark
* Smeagol, a genus of gastropod
See also List of things named after J. R. R. Tolkien and his works#Hobbits for more organisms with "Gollum" in their names.

## Other

* Gollum (software), the wiki system used by the GitHub web hosting system
* Gollum browser, a web application designed for using Wikipedia
* Gollum or Golin language, a language of Papua New Guinea
* The Lord of the Rings: Gollum, a video game
* The NATO reporting name for the Smerch/Shtil-1 naval SAM in the Buk missile family
# Robert B. Lisek

Robert B. Lisek is a Polish artist and mathematician who focuses on systems and processes, conducts a research in the area theory of ordered sets in relation with logic, algebra and combinatorics; his artistic practice draws upon conceptual art, radical art strategies, hacktivism, bioart, software art.

## Works

Lisek is an artist whose work is focused on systems and processes (computer, biological and social), disrupting the language of these systems, including rules, commands, errors and by using worms and computer viruses. Lisek is currently researching problems of security, privacy and identity in networked societies. He built NEST – Citizens Intelligent Agency, a piece of software for searching hidden patterns and links between people, groups, events, objects and places.
Lisek is also a scientist focused on the computational complexity theory, graph theory and order theory. He studied at the Department of Logic of Wroclaw University, at the Fine Art Academy in Wroclaw and the PWSTiTV film school in Łódź. His research interest is also artificial general intelligence (AGI). He examines, among others: problem of self-reference, mathematical induction, probabilistic techniques and recurrent AI self-improvement. He is also working on human enhancement: extensions through the use of radical transgressive methods that arise at the intersection of disciplines such as AGI, bioengineering, and political and social sciences. He has prepared an anthology entitled Transhuman. Lisek is a founder of Institute for Research in Science and Art, Fundamental Research Lab and an ACCESS art symposium.

## Exhibitions

Lisek exhibits, lectures, and conducts workshops worldwide. His projects include among others:
* NEST – FILE Electronic Language International Festival, São Paulo
* NEST – ARCO International Contemporary Art Fair, Madrid
* FLOAT – Lower Manhattan Cultural Council, NY
* FLOAT – Harvestworks Digital Media Art Center, NY
* SPECTRUM – Leto Gallery, Warsaw
* WWAI – SIGGRAPH 2005, Los Angeles
* Falsecodes – Red Gate Gallery & Planetary Collegium, Beijing
* GENGINE – Zacheta National Gallery, Warsaw
* FLEXTEXT – CiberArt Bilbao
* FLEXTEXT – Medi@terra – Byzantine Museum, Athens
* FXT – ACA Japan Media Festival, Tokyo
* STACK – ISEA 02, Nagoya
* SSSPEAR – 17th Meridian, WRO Art Center, Wroclaw
* The New Art Fest (2020), digital art festival, Lisbon
# Aasa, Estonia

Aasa is a southwestern Estonian village in Põhja-Pärnumaa Parish, Pärnu County.