OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kurdistan Eyalet

Kurdistan Eyalet (Ottoman Turkish: ایالت کردستان, romanized: Eyâlet-ı Kurdistan) was an eyalet of the Ottoman Empire. It was the first time that the Ottoman Empire used the term "Kurdistan" to refer to an administrative unit rather than a geographical region. It was formed with the aim of establishing direct control over Ottoman Kurdistan, rather than politicizing it.

## History

It was a short-lived province as it only lasted about 21 years, between 1846 and 1867. One year after its establishment the Kurdish strongman Bedir Khan Beg and former ruler of large parts of the Kurdistan Eyalet, was defeated in his castle in Eruh. Following the region lacked a powerful Kurdish ruler which led to the rise of the religious sheikhs belonging to the Naqshbandi and Qadiriyya dervish orders, or tariqas. In 1867, it was abolished and succeeded by the Diyarbekir Vilayet. During its existence, it saw twelve different governors who had either the title of müsir or vizier.

## Extension

Initially the eyalet covered the region of the former Kurdish Emirate of Bohtan, but it was expanded gradually and at its widest extension included the former Diyarbekir Eyalet and the areas around Van, Hakkari and Muş, as well as the districts of Botan, Mardin, and Cizre. According to the salnames between 1847 and 1867, it was ruled by the central Ottoman government and received annual funding of 80,000 piastres, considerably more than the Mosul Eyalet. In 1853, the eyalet counted with four sancaks, namely the ones of Diyarbakir, Muş, Siirt ,and Dersim. The tax register of 1852 also named the cities Cizre, Muş and Hakkari among others.

## Legacy

Recep Tayyip Erdoğan proposed a revival of the Kurdistan Eyalet in 2013, claiming that Southeastern Anatolia was always referred to as Kurdistan before the 1923 establishment of the Republic of Turkey. His remarks referring to the provincial administration of the Ottoman Empire was criticised by many who interpreted them as signs of Erdoğan’s desire to implement a federal system. To challenge the Turkish nationalists, Erdogan recalled that during the Ottoman era there were eyalets called Kurdistan and Lazistan. He stated that autonomous self-governance within the state of Turkey should be possible and would even be a source of strength for Turkey.
# Great Plague in the late Ming dynasty

The Great Plague in the late Ming dynasty (Chinese: 明末大鼠疫; pinyin: Míngmò Dàshǔyì), also known as the North China Plague in the late Ming dynasty (明末华北鼠疫; 明末華北鼠疫; Míngmò Huáběi Shǔyì), or the Great Plague of Jingshi (京师大鼠疫; Jīngshī Dàshǔyì), was a major epidemic between 1633 and 1644, the last phase of the Ming dynasty in China, during the Chongzhen Emperor's reign (1627–1644). The epidemic started in Shanxi in 1633 and reached Beijing in 1641, where the plague caused the deaths of more than 200,000 people in 1643, directly contributing to the collapse of the Ming dynasty in 1644.

## History

Plague first broke out in Shanxi in 1633, corresponding to the sixth year of the Chongzhen Emperor's reign . In 1641, the plague arrived in Beijing, the Ming capital. At the same time, historical records indicate that more than half of the population in northern Zhejiang fell ill in 1641, and 90% of the local people died in 1642.
In 1643, the epidemic reached its peak, killing more than 200,000 people in Beijing alone, accounting for 20–25% of the local population. The “pimple plague” and “vomit blood plague” recorded in Chinese literature at the time, were possibly bubonic plague and pneumonic plague caused by Yersinia pestis.
In March 1644, Beijing was under siege by Li Zicheng's troops, whereas the defending force in Beijing weakened significantly due to the plague, with some 50,000 soldiers left–down from the original 100,000. Soon, Li won the Battle of Beijing and the Chongzhen Emperor committed suicide, marking the end of the Ming dynasty, although Li was subsequently defeated in the Battle of Shanhai Pass by the allied forces of the former Ming general Wu Sangui and the Manchu-led Qing dynasty.
Wu Youke (1582–1652) developed the idea that some diseases were caused by transmissible agents, which he called Li Qi (戾气 "violent qi") when he observed various epidemics rage around him between 1641 and 1644. His book Wen Yi Lun (瘟疫论, "Treatise on Pestilence") can be regarded as the main etiological work that brought forward the concept.
# Mario Aparicio

Mario Aparicio Muñoz (born 23 April 2000) is a Spanish cyclist, who currently rides for UCI ProTeam Burgos Burpellet BH.

## Major results
### 2017

    1st Stage 3 Vuelta al Besaya [fr]
    3rd Road race, National Junior Road Championships

### 2023

    1st Stage 1 (TTT) GP Beiras e Serra da Estrela
    6th Overall Tour of Qinghai Lake

### 2024 (1 pro win)

    1st Stage 4 Tour of Sharjah
    5th Overall Tour of Qinghai Lake
       1st Mountains classification
       1st Stage 4
    6th Overall International Tour of Hellas
    8th Overall Tour of Turkey
    Tour de Langkawi
       1st Mountains classification

### 2025

    1st Stage 1 Tour of Sharjah
# Erik Abrahamsson

Erik Adolf Efraim "Erik Aber" Abrahamsson (28 January 1898 – 19 May 1965) was a Swedish athlete. He won the national long jump title in 1921–1923 and a bronze medal at the 1920 Summer Olympics. He was also an acclaimed bandy and ice hockey player, part of the Swedish team that won the 1921 European Championships.
In 1914 Abrahamsson started playing bandy with Södertälje SK (SSK). Later he took up ice hockey in 1921 and played with AIK, IFK Stockholm, and the Swedish national ice hockey team, winning the Ice Hockey European Championship 1921. Together with his elder brother Carl, Abrahamsson managed to convince the Södertälje SK board of directors to incorporate ice hockey in the club in 1925. The club is still a major team in Sweden's major league, Elitserien. Later, in the same year 1925, SSK played in the Swedish championship final for the first time, and SSK won the title as Swedish champions, with Abrahamsson in the team and after his brother scored the gaming winning goal against Västerås SK.
# Paatsalu

Paatsalu (German: Patzal) is a village in Lääneranna Parish, Pärnu County, in southwestern Estonia, on the coast of the Gulf of Riga. It had a population of 73 on 1 January 2011.
The southeastern part of the village is covered by Paadrema Nature Reserve. Part of Nehatu Nature Reserve is also located around Kahvatu Bay.

## Notable people

Notable people that were born in Paatsalu include the following:
* Priit Raudkivi (1920–1970), actor
* Jaan Teemant (1872–1941?), lawyer and politician, born in the village of Illuste, now part of Paatsalu
# Termaber

Termaber (var. Tarmaber; Amharic: ጠርማበር) is a woreda in Amhara Region, Ethiopia. It includes a homonymous mountain pass and road tunnel. Located at the eastern edge of the Ethiopian Highlands in the Semien Shewa Zone, Termaber is bordered on the south by Ankober, on the southwest by Basona Werana, on the west by Mojana Wadera, on the northwest by Menz Mam Midir, on the northeast by Kewet, and on the southeast by the Afar Region. Towns in this woreda include Debre Sina and Doqaqit.
This woreda was originally named Mafud Mezezo Mojana, which is the name the 1994 national census used for it, but the name was changed at some point over the next five years. In 1999, the woreda of Mojana Wadera was split off from Termaber, and a kebele transferred to it from Kewet.
Tegulet, the ancient residence of the Ethiopian and Shewan rulers, is believed to lie in this woreda. Tegulet first served as center of the Sultanate of Showa, with its capital of "Siyon" (Zion, also known as "Marade") located in the area. Another capital of the Sultanate, Walale, is said to have been north of Debre Birhan. Wedem Arad later made it the center of his kingdom after Showa's fall and Debre Birhan would be founded by Zara Yaqob nearby, serving as the base of him and his descendants, the later Meridazmatches. Rivers in this woreda include the Mofar.

## Demographics

Based on the 2007 national census conducted by the Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia (CSA), this woreda has a total population of 84,481, an increase of over the 1994 census, of whom 42,812 are men and 41,669 women; 10,304 or 12.20% are urban inhabitants. With an area of 543.33 square kilometers, Termaber has a population density of 155.49, which is greater than the Zone average of 115.3 persons per square kilometer. A total of 19,993 households were counted in this woreda, resulting in an average of 4.23 persons to a household, and 19,370 housing units. The majority of the inhabitants practiced Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, with 97.43% reporting that as their religion, while 2.37% of the population said they were Muslim.
The 1994 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 99,402 in 17,787 households, of whom 51,537 were men and 47,865 were women; 8,378 or 8.43% of its population were urban dwellers. The three largest ethnic groups reported in Termaber were the Amhara (93.78%), the Oromo (3.11%), and the Argobba (2.65%); all other ethnic groups made up 0.46% of the population. Amharic was spoken as a first language by 96.93%, and Oromiffa was spoken by 2.76%; the remaining 0.31% spoke all other primary languages reported. The majority of the inhabitants practiced Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, with 94.74% reporting that as their religion, while 5.15% were Muslim.
# Music Connection

Music Connection is a United States–based monthly music trade magazine that began publication in 1977. The magazine caters to career-minded musicians, songwriters, recording artists, and assorted music industry supporting personnel. Initially, the magazine focused solely on the Southern California music scene, but has since expanded to a national distribution. The publication and its website provide information about the music business, including directories of contact information for professionals and free classifieds for musicians. Music Connection also publishes reviews of unsigned and independent live performers and recording artists. Several acclaimed artists achieved their first music magazine cover status from Music Connection including Guns N' Roses, Madonna, Jane's Addiction, Alanis Morissette, The White Stripes, and Adele.

## Beginnings

Music Connection magazine was founded in 1977 in Los Angeles, California, by J. Michael Dolan, an unsigned singer-songwriter who worked as a background engineer and projectionist at various film and TV studios. Looking for songwriting opportunities but finding limited resources, Dolan conceived the idea of a weekly music publication, featuring articles and reviews comparable to those in Cashbox and Billboard, alongside free classifieds inspired by The Recycler. He invited Eric Bettelli to join the company as its first Vice President of Advertising. The publication eventually gained recognition among industry executives and musicians, who referred to it as “the musician’s bible.” Subsequently, Michael launched Songwriter Connection magazine, which became part of the Music Connection suite of products and services. In 2010, after 33 years as CEO, Michael sold his shares of Music Connection Inc. to Eric Bettelli, who is now serves as the sole publisher, with senior editor Mark Nardone promoted to Associate Publisher/Senior Editor.

## Online

Music Connection has maintained an online presence since 1997. The digital edition has an archive dating back to January 2008. The company launched the AMP Network in 2007.

## Annual Top Artist lists

At the end of each year, Music Connection publishes a "Hot 100 Live Unsigned Artists and Bands" list of live performers, and a "Top 25 New Music Critiques" list of unsigned recording artists. Artists who have appeared on the Hot 100 list include Holy Ghost!, Sara Bareilles, and Steel Panther.

## National Directories

Music Connection publishes a series of annually updated directories containing music industry contact information. The directories cover areas such as music attorneys, record label A&R representatives, music schools, vocal coaches, mastering studios, film/TV music supervisors, music publishers, producers, engineers, managers, booking agents, guitar and bass instructors, recording studios, indie record labels, marketers and promoters, publicists, rehearsal studios, gear rental/cartage/tech services, duplicators and replicators, and merchandise manufacturers.
# List of flag bearers for Hong Kong at the Olympics

This is a list of flag bearers who have represented Hong Kong at the Olympics.
Flag bearers carry the flag of their national olympic committee at the opening ceremony and the closing ceremony of the Olympic Games.
| # | Event year | Season | Ceremony | Flag bearer | Sport |
| 1 | 1972 | Summer | Opening | Peter Rull Sr. | Shooting |
| 2 | 1984 | Summer | Opening | Solomon Lee | Shooting |
| 3 | 1988 | Summer | Opening | Liu Fuk Man | Table tennis |
| 4 | 1996 | Summer | Opening | Chan Sau Ying | Athletics |
| 5 | 1996 | Summer | Closing | Lee Lai Shan | Sailing |
| 6 | 2000 | Summer | Opening | Fenella Ng | Rowing |
| 7 | 2000 | Summer | Closing | Mark Kwok | Swimming |
| 8 | 2002 | Winter | Opening | Cordia Tsoi | Short track speed skating |
| 9 | 2004 | Summer | Opening | Sherry Tsai | Swimming |
| 10 | 2004 | Summer | Closing | Ko Lai Chak/Li Ching | Table tennis |
| 11 | 2006 | Winter | Opening | Han Yueshuang | Short track speed skating |
| 12 | 2008 | Summer | Opening | Wong Kam Po | Cycling |
| 13 | 2008 | Summer | Closing | Law Hiu Fung | Rowing |
| 14 | 2010 | Winter | Opening | Han Yueshuang | Short track speed skating |
| 15 | 2012 | Summer | Opening | Lee Wai Sze | Cycling |
| 16 | 2012 | Summer | Closing | Tang Peng | Table tennis |
| 17 | 2014 | Winter | Opening | Pan-To Barton Lui | Short track speed skating |
| 18 | 2016 | Summer | Opening | Stephanie Au | Swimming |
| 19 | 2016 | Summer | Closing | Chan Chun Hing | Cycling |
| 20 | 2018 | Winter | Opening | Arabella Ng | Alpine skiing |
| 21 | 2020 | Summer | Opening | Ying Suet Tse Cheung Ka Long | Badminton Fencing |
| 22 | 2020 | Summer | Closing | Grace Lau Mo-sheung | Karate |
| 23 | 2022 | Winter | Opening | Sidney Chu | Short track speed skating |
| 24 | 2024 | Summer | Opening | Cheung Ka Long Siobhan Haughey | Fencing Swimming |
| 25 | 2024 | Summer | Closing | Lee Sze Wing Lo Wai Fung | Cycling Taekwondo |
# Carmelo Miranda

Carmelo Miranda (born 20 December 1969) is a Spanish former professional racing cyclist. He rode in two editions of the Tour de France.
# Loris Damonte

Loris Damonte (born 5 August 1990) is an Italian professional football player currently playing for Serie D team Ligorna.

## Club career

On 31 August 2016 Damonte was sold to fellow Lega Pro club Sambenedettese in a 1-year contract, with Nadir Minotti moved to Pistoiese.
On 9 July 2018, he was signed by Albissola.
On 29 July 2019, he joined Renate.
On 12 July 2021, Damonte signed for Feralpisalò.
# Falcatelodes

Falcatelodes is a monotypic genus of moths of the family Apatelodidae. It was erected by Max Wilhelm Karl Draudt in 1929, and contains a single species, Falcatelodes anava, which was first described by Herbert Druce in 1890 (as Apatelodes anava).
Falcatelodes anava is found in Ecuador.
# Farington

Farington is a village and civil parish in the South Ribble local government district of Lancashire, England. The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 6,674.

## History

The parish was part of Preston Rural District throughout its existence from 1894 to 1974. In 1974 the parish became part of South Ribble.
Farington railway station served the area from 1838 to 1960.

## Governance

Farington is a civil parish in South Ribble district; with Lostock Hall and Tardy Gate and Farington Moss it forms the district's Central Villages area chaired by Cllr Paul Wharton-Hardman BEM (July 2023). It was also within the Parliamentary Constituency of South Ribble until the 2010 general election. However, at the recommendation of the Boundary Commission, the area was moved into the Ribble Valley constituency, but will be returning to South Ribble under new boundary changes in 2023. The parish includes the villages of Farington and Farington Moss, and parts of Lostock Hall and Whitestake.
Farington Parish has four South Ribble Councillors; Cllr George Rear and Cllr Karen Walton representing Farington West ward both elected as Conservative members, and Cllr Paul Wharton-Hardman BEM and Cllr Jacky Alty representing Farington East ward elected Labour members.
Lancashire County Council's Farington electoral division is represented by Michael Green, a Conservative Councillor. It comprises both Farington wards and Moss Side.

## Geography

Situated to the immediate north of Leyland, Farington consists of villages, farms and mossland, modern residential development and an industrial area around the Leyland Trucks headquarters and assembly plant.
The relationship between Farington and Leyland has always been strong but Farington is not part of Leyland. Stanifield Lane which runs through the village and into Leyland is the main thoroughfare for shoppers and commuters alike. There is a Catholic convent in Farington, serving a moderately large Catholic population. Farington has a park that has been referred to as the home of football in South Ribble.
It is home to the main tip site for South Ribble, the Farington Household Waste Recycling Centre.

## Economy

Leyland Trucks, with HQ and assembly plant in Farington, is a major employer in the area. The Central Lancashire Primary Care Trust has its head office in the area. Enterprise plc, a provider of support services to the public sector and utility companies, was based in Farington but has been integrated into Amey plc, which moved from its offices there when the lease expired in 2014 There are few retail facilities in the centre of Farington, but retail parks and Leyland town centre are nearby.
# 1923–24 FC Barcelona season

The 1923–24 season was the 25th season for FC Barcelona.

## Results

* Friendly
* Copa Pilar Alonso
* Copa Palau de la Moda
* Campionat de Catalunya
* Campionat d'Espanya
# Gabriel Bermúdez Castillo

Gabriel Bermúdez Castillo (born 29 June 1934 in Valencia, Spain – d. 19 May 2019) was a Spanish writer and important author in Spanish science fiction.

## Life

Born in Valencia, Spain, Bermúdez Castillo lived from the start of the Spanish Civil War in 1936 and until 1980 in Zaragoza, living later in Cartagena, working as lawyer and notary.
Bermúdez Castillo began writing short stories and tales published in Spanish fanzines in 1969. His first science fiction book, El Mundo Hokun, published in 1971, was an anthology with five tales, one of which won a European SF Award in 1972.
He published nine novels, three collections and more than twenty short stories and novellas, some considered classics of Spanish science fiction, and was awarded in 1991 with the Spanish science fiction literary Alberto Magno Prize, and two times, in 1994 and 2002, with the Ignotus Award. He also received a Jury Mention in the 1991 UPC Science Fiction Awards. His short story 1944 was translated and published in French in 1981, while an edition of the tale Cuestión de oportunidades was published in English (as Opportunities Galore) in 1978. In 2014, his novel El Señor de la Rueda (1978) was adapted and published as tabletop role-playing game by Editorial Epicismo.

## Works

* El Mundo Hokun (1971)
* Viaje a un planeta Wu-Wei (1976)
* La piel del infinito (1978)
* El Señor de la Rueda (1978)
* El seguro refugio de las colinas (1985)
* Golconda (1987, anthology)
* El hombre estrella (1988)
* Duerme querido monstruo (1991)
* Un mundo dura mil años (1991)
* Salud mortal (1993)
* Instantes estelares (1994)
* Demonios en el cielo (2001)
* El país del pasado (2003)
* Mano de galaxia (2 Bde., 2008)
** Golconda
** Haladriel
* Espíritus de Marte (2012)
* Los herederos de Julio Verne (2013)
* La casa de la vaguada (2015)
# 2019 Nigerian Senate elections in Borno State

The 2019 Nigerian Senate elections in Bornu State were held on 23 February 2019, to elect members of the Nigerian Senate to represent Bornu State. Governor Shettima Kashim representing Bornu Central, Kyari Abubakar Shaib representing Bornu North, and Ndume Mohammed Ali representing Bornu South all won on the platform of All Progressives Congress.

## Overview

| Affiliation | Party | Party | Total |
| Affiliation | APC | PDP | Total |
| Before Election | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| After Election | 3 | 0 | 3 |

## Summary

| District | Incumbent | Party | Elected Senator | Party |
| Bornu Central | Baba Kaka Bashir Garbai | APC | Kashim Shettima | APC |
| Bornu North | Abubakar Kyari | APC | Abubakar Kyari | APC |
| Bornu South | Mohammed Ali Ndume | APC | Mohammed Ali Ndume | APC |

## Results
### Bornu Central

A total of 20 candidates registered with the Independent National Electoral Commission to contest in the election. APC candidate Shettima Kashim won the election, defeating PDP candidate Muhammed Abba Aji and 18 other party candidates. Shettima received 80.90% of the votes, while Abba-Aji received 17.83%.
2019 Nigerian Senate election in Bornu State :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | APC | Kashim Shettima | 342,898 | 80.90% |
| | PDP | Muhammed Abba-Aji | 75,569 | 17.8% |
| | Others | | 5,360 | 1.26% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 423,827 | 100% |
| | APC hold | APC hold | APC hold | APC hold |

### Bornu North

A total of 8 candidates registered with the Independent National Electoral Commission to contest in the election. APC candidate Kyari Abubakar Shaib won the election, defeating PDP candidate Isa Lawan and 6 other party candidates. Shaib received 67.69% of the votes, while Lawan received 31.70%.
2019 Nigerian Senate election in Lagos State :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | APC | Kyari Abubakar Shaib | 76,963 | 67.69% |
| | PDP | Isa Lawan | 36,042 | 31.70% |
| | Others | | 690 | 0.60% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 113,695 | 100% |
| | APC hold | APC hold | APC hold | APC hold |

### Bornu South

A total of 11 candidates registered with the Independent National Electoral Commission to contest in the election. APC candidate Ndume Mohammed Ali won the election, defeating PDP candidate Kudla Milinda Satumari and 9 other party candidates. Ndume received 75.53% of the votes, while Satumari received 21.25%.
2019 Nigerian Senate election in Bornu State :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | APC | Ndume Mohammed Ali | 300,637 | 75.53% |
| | PDP | Kudla Milinda Satumari | 84,608 | 21.25% |
| | Others | | 12,773 | 3.20 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 398,018 | 100% |
| | APC hold | APC hold | APC hold | APC hold |
# Jumoke Akindele

Jumoke Akindele is a Nigerian lawyer and first female Speaker of the Ondo State House of Assembly. She resigned in 2017 following a ₦15 million naira misappropriation of fund.

## Early life

Jumoke Akindele was born in Okitipupa, a town in Ondo State southwestern Nigeria. She had her primary education at St. John's Primary School in Okitipupa before she proceeded to St. Louis Girls Secondary School, Ondo where she obtained the West Africa School Certificate in 1981. Jumoke received a bachelor's degree in Law from Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife and practiced law for some years before she ventured into politics in 2006.

## Political career

In April 2007, Jumoke contested the seat of the constituency, Okitipupa constituency II but lost to the opposition party. She re-contested on 11 April 2011, and was elected as member of the Ondo State House of Assembly, where she served as Chairman of House Committee on Education before she was elected Speaker of the Assembly. On 27 May 2015, she was elected Speaker of the Assembly following the sudden demise of the former speaker Samuel Adesina. She relinquished the leadership position of the house in a resignation letter dated 20 March 2018. Jumoke Akindele is the first female speaker of the state.