OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Temporal motivation theory

In psychology, temporal motivation theory (TMT) is an integrative motivational theory developed by Piers Steel and Cornelius J. König. The theory emphasizes time as a critical and motivational factor. The argument for a broad, integrative theory stems from the absence of a single theory that can address motivation in its entirety. Thus, it incorporates primary aspects of multiple major theories, including expectancy theory, hyperbolic discounting, need theory and cumulative prospect theory. According to Schmidt, Dolis, and Tolli, Temporal Motivation Theory "may help further the understanding of the impact of time, and particularly deadlines, on dynamic attention allocation." The Temporal Motivation Theory formula can be applied to human behaviour, procrastination and to goal setting. According to Lord, Diefendorff, Schmidt, and Hall, the theory "models the motivating power of approaching deadlines, arguing that the perceived utility of a given activity increases exponentially as the deadline nears. These and similar ideas have been applied to the pervasive phenomenon of procrastination".

## Model

The theory states an individual's motivation for a task can be derived with the following formula (in its simplest form):
    $\mathrm {Motivation} ={\frac {\mbox{Expectancy × Value}}{\mbox{1 + Impulsiveness × Delay}}}$
where ${\text{Motivation}}$, the desire for a particular outcome, ${\text{Expectancy}}$ or self-efficacy is the probability of success, ${\text{Value}}$ is the reward associated with the outcome, ${\text{Impulsiveness}}$ is the individual’s sensitivity to delay and ${\text{Delay}}$ is the time to complete that task.
Since ${\text{Expectancy}}$ and ${\text{Value}}$ are in the numerator (Top of the Fraction) of the formula, any increase in those two values would result in an increase of motivation and vice versa; whereas ${\text{Delay}}$ and ${\text{Impulsiveness}}$ are in the denominator (Bottom of the Fraction) of the formula hence any increase in those two values would result in a decrease of motivation and vice versa.
To see how temporal motivation theory can be applied in an example, consider a student given one month to study for a final exam. The student is given two options—studying and socializing. The student enjoys socializing but needs to achieve a good grade. The reward of studying is not immediate thus at the beginning of the student's study period, the motivation to study is lower than the motivation to socialize. However, as the study period diminishes from several weeks to several days, the motivation to study will surpass the motivation to socialize.
# 2012 American Samoa Republican presidential caucuses

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The 2012 American Samoa Republican presidential caucuses was held on March 13, 2012. 70 registered Republicans selected six delegates in a closed-door meeting to represent the territory in the 2012 Republican National Convention. On March 14, 2012, Dr. Victor T. Tofaeono, the chair for the Republican Party of American Samoa, announced that all six delegates, along with three at-large delegates, had pledged their support to Mitt Romney.

## Results

The closed-door caucus, held at the Toa Bar & Grill restaurant, saw to the election of six delegates and three at-large delegates (Chair, National Committeeman and National Committeewoman) for the 2012 Republican National Convention. Seventy registered Republicans attended the caucus. However, the vote distribution was not released to the media.

### Delegates

* Falema'o M. “Phil” Pili
* Su'a Carl Schuster
* Lealaisalanoa Aofaga Mickey R. Salanoa
* Brandon Smart
* Salote Lutu Schuster
* Ali Pili

### At-Large Delegates

* Chairman: Dr. Victor T. Tofaeono
* National Committeeman: High Chief Aumoeualogo T. J. Fuavai
* National Committeewoman: Amata Coleman Radewagen
Dr. Tofaeno subsequently announced on March 14, 2012, that all nine delegates have pledged their support to Mitt Romney. “We're excited and look forward to the national convention to cast our nine delegate votes for Gov. Mitt Romney, the next President of the United States..”
# 2011 European Athletics U23 Championships – Men's 10,000 metres

The men's 10,000 metres at the 2011 European Athletics U23 Championships were held in Ostrava on 14 July.

## Medalists

| Gold | Sondre Nordstad Moen Norway (NOR) |
| Silver | Ahmed El Mazoury Italy (ITA) |
| Bronze | Musa Roba-Kinkal Germany (GER) |

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Round |
| 14 July 2011 | 18:05 | Final |

## Results
### Final

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| | Sondre Nordstad Moen | Norway | 28:41.66 | PB |
| | Ahmed El Mazoury | Italy | 28:46.97 | PB |
| | Musa Roba-Kinkal | Germany | 28:57.91 | SB |
| 4 | Roman Pozdyaykin | Russia | 29:07.23 | PB |
| 5 | Vyacheslav Shalamov | Russia | 29:15.84 | PB |
| 6 | Koen Naert | Belgium | 29:18.73 | |
| 7 | Stijn Garain | Belgium | 29:25.47 | PB |
| 8 | Mats Lunders | Belgium | 29:26.49 | PB |
| 9 | Mikael Ekvall | Sweden | 29:27.58 | |
| 10 | Siarhei Platonau | Belarus | 29:34.59 | PB |
| 11 | Christoph Ryffel | Switzerland | 29:35.32 | PB |
| 12 | Lars Erik Malde | Norway | 29:45.80 | |
| 13 | Riccardo Sterni | Italy | 29:46.29 | |
| 14 | Dmytro Siruk | Ukraine | 30:07.33 | |
| 15 | Jose Costa | Portugal | 30:25.20 | |
| 16 | Nicolae Soare | Romania | 30:34.41 | |
| 17 | Robert Krebs | Germany | 30:36.27 | |
| 18 | Ihor Olefirenko | Ukraine | 30:43.39 | |
| 19 | Aitor Fernandez | Spain | 30:51.81 | |
| 20 | Guillém Durán | Spain | 31:12.29 | |
| 21 | Ageze Guadie | Israel | 31:18.86 | |
| | Yosi Goasdoué | France | DNS | |
Intermediate times: 1000m: 2:52.17 Vyacheslav Shalamov Russia 2000m: 5:45.90 Vyacheslav Shalamov Russia 3000m: 8:39.26 Vyacheslav Shalamov Russia 4000m: 11:35.00 Vyacheslav Shalamov Russia 5000m: 14:31.68 Roman Pozdyaykin Russia 6000m: 17:26.95 Musa Roba-Kinkal Germany 7000m: 20:21.21 Sondre Nordstad Moen Norway 8000m: 23:07.87 Sondre Nordstad Moen Norway 9000m: 25:56.06 Sondre Nordstad Moen Norway

## Participation

According to an unofficial count, 21 athletes from 13 countries participated in the event.
* Belarus (1)
* Belgium (3)
* Germany (2)
* Israel (1)
* Italy (2)
* Norway (2)
* Portugal (1)
* Romania (1)
* Russia (2)
* Spain (2)
* Sweden (1)
* Switzerland (1)
* Ukraine (2)
# Saint-Oyen, Savoie

Saint-Oyen is a former commune in the Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Grand-Aigueblanche.

## Twin towns

The village is twinned with Saint-Oyens in Switzerland. Like its twin, the village is named after Saint Eugendus, a 6th century cleric.
# Ray Pryor

Raymond A. Pryor (December 26, 1954 – February 24, 2023) was a Democratic member of the Ohio House of Representatives, who represented the 85th District from 2009 to 2010.

## Career

The Ross County native was a graduate of Ohio University – Chillicothe, who majored in Business Management Technology. He served six years in the U.S. Navy. Pryor worked for the Ohio Bureau of Employment Services for 25 years as a Veteran’s Representative and Veterans Licensing Coordinator. During his tenure, he helped develop a state licensing and certification program for Ohio veterans hailed as a national model. He is also a certified substitute teacher and an apprentice auctioneer.
Pryor, a former OCSEA Union President (Ross #7100), has worked to improve opportunity and attain energy independence in Southern Ohio. He helped establish the Southern Ohio Biomass Task Force, a group dedicated to promoting a biomass fuel initiative in southern and south central Ohio. The goal is to reduce dependence on oil and gas while helping schools and other facilities save on utility costs.
In 2006 Pryor ran for the Ohio House of Representatives against John M. Schlichter but lost by a very slim margin. He faced Schlichter again in 2008, and won. However, in 2010, Pryor again lost, this time to Bob Peterson. He spent one term as a state representative.

## Personal life

Pryor lived in Chillicothe with his wife Jennifer, a reading and math intervention teacher in the Huntington School District. His son Nicholas is a teacher in the Huntington School District (formerly a fifth-grade teacher at Unioto Local School District), and his wife Kaylyn also works in the Unioto School District and attends college full-time. Pryor's daughter, Leslie Smith, is a special needs preschool teacher, and son-in-law Chris is an instrument technician.
On February 24, 2023, Pryor passed away at the age of 68.
# Mersey-class cruiser

The Mersey-class cruiser was a class of second class protected cruiser of the Royal Navy commissioned in the late 1880s. They were the first cruisers that had discarded their sailing rigs in the design, making them far more modern in design. They had fairly mundane carers

## Design and description

The Mersey-class cruisers were improved versions of the Leander class with more armour and no sailing rig on a smaller displacement. Like their predecessors, they were intended to protect British shipping. The cruisers had a length between perpendiculars of 300 feet (91.4 m), a beam of 46 feet (14.0 m) and a draught of 20 feet 2 inches (6.1 m). They displaced 4,050 long tons (4,110 t). The ships were powered by a pair of two-cylinder horizontal, direct-acting, compound-expansion steam engines, each driving one shaft, which were designed to produce a total of 6,000 indicated horsepower (4,500 kW) and a maximum speed of 18 knots (33 km/h; 21 mph) using steam provided by a dozen cylindrical boilers with forced draught. The Mersey class carried enough coal to give them a range of 8,750 nautical miles (16,200 km; 10,070 mi) at a speed of 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). The ships' complement was 300to 350 officers and ratings.
Their main armament consisted of two breech-loading (BL) 8-inch (203 mm) guns, one each fore and aft on pivot mounts. Their secondary armament was ten BL 6-inch (152 mm) guns, five on each broadside in sponsons. Protection against torpedo boats was provided by three quick-firing (QF) 6-pounder Hotchkiss guns and three QF 3-pounder Hotchkiss guns. The ship was also armed with a pair of submerged 14-inch (356 mm) torpedo tubes and carried a pair of 14-inch torpedo carriages. The Mersey-class ships were protected by a lower armoured deck that was 2 inches (51 mm) on the flat and 3 inches (76 mm) on the slope. It sloped down at the bow to reinforce the ram. The armoured sides of the conning tower were 9 inches (229 mm) thick.

## Ships

| Name | Builder | Laid down | Launched | Completed |
| HMS Mersey | Chatham Dockyard | 9 July 1883 | 31 March 1885 | June 1887 |
| HMS Severn | Chatham Dockyard | 1 January 1884 | 29 September 1885 | February 1888 |
| HMS Thames | Pembroke Dockyard | 14 April 1884 | 3 December 1885 | July 1888 |
| HMS Forth | Pembroke Dockyard | 1 December 1884 | 23 October 1886 | July 1889 |
# Morning Prayer

Morning Prayer may refer to:

## Religion

* Prayers in various traditions said during the morning
* Morning Prayer (Anglican), one of the two main Daily Offices in the churches of the Anglican Communion
* In Roman Catholicism and Lutheranism:
** Morning offering of Catholicism
** Matins, general name for midnight or morning canonical hour in Western Christianity, also known as Sapro in other rites
*** Matins in Lutheranism
** Lauds, a divine office that takes place in the early morning hours
* Fajr of Islam
* Shacharit in Jewish Services

## Other uses

* Morning Prayer (album), a 1978 album by jazz saxophonist Chico Freeman
# Smedstadion

Eskilstuna Motorstadion, also known as Smedstadion or Gröndals Motorstadion is a motorcycle speedway stadium located outside of Eskilstuna, Sweden. The stadium was opened in 2002 and is the home arena of Elitserien team Smederna who compete in the Swedish Speedway Team Championship.

## History

The stadium was opened on 27 April 2002. The stadium was formerly known as Ikarosstadion from 2008 to 2009 due to sponsorship reasons from the company Ikaros.
The stadium has hosted a World Championship round called the Speedway Grand Prix of Sweden in 2005, 2006 and 2007 and the Swedish Individual Speedway Championship in 2002.
The track record was broken in 2019 by Polish rider Kacper Woryna (57.2 sec) but it was bettered again in 2022 by Dan Bewley, who recorded 56.8 sec.
# Lukavice (Šumperk District)

Lukavice is a municipality and village in Šumperk District in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 900 inhabitants.
Lukavice lies approximately 17 kilometres (11 mi) south of Šumperk, 35 km (22 mi) north-west of Olomouc, and 182 km (113 mi) east of Prague.

## Administrative division

Lukavice consists of three municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
* Lukavice (533)
* Slavoňov (202)
* Vlachov (75)
# Camera Obscura (journal)

Camera Obscura is a triannual peer-reviewed academic journal of feminism, culture, and media studies published by Duke University Press. It was established in 1976 by four graduate students at the University of California, Berkeley: Janet Bergstrom, Sandy Flitterman, Elisabeth Lyon, and Constance Penley. The editors-in-chief are Lalitha Gopalan, Lynne Joyrich, Homay King, Constance Penley, Tess Takahashi, Patricia White, Sharon Willis.

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
* Arts and Humanities Citation Index
* Current Contents/Arts & Humanities
* DIALNET
* EBSCO databases
* Index Islamicus
* International Bibliography of Periodical Literature
* Modern Language Association Database
* ProQuest databases
* Scopus
# Tour du Sahel

The Tour du Sahel is a multi-day road cycling race annually held in Mauritania, in the Sahel region. The race was first held in 2018. Since 2023 it has been held as a 2.2 category event on the UCI Africa Tour.

## Winners

| Year | Winner | Second | Third |
| 2018 | El Houcaine Sabbahi | Aymen Merdj | Bécaye Traoré |
| 2019 | Grzegorz Kwiatkowski | Allaeldin Ahmouda | Abdeladim Al Moutaouakkel |
| 2020 | El Houcaine Sabbahi | Yasser Tahiri | Lahcene Sabbahi |
| 2021–2022 | No race | No race | No race |
| 2023 | Adil El Arbaoui | Achraf Ed Doghmy | El Houcaine Sabbahi |
| 2024 | No race | No race | No race |
| 2025 | Stefan Verhoeff | Anass Aït El Abdia | El Houcaine Sabbahi |
# Ornithuroscincus sabini

Ornithuroscincus sabini is a species of skink. It is endemic to Milne Bay Province, eastern Papua New Guinea. It is terrestrial to semi-arboreal and has been recorded at elevations of 1,200–2,740 m (3,940–8,990 ft) above sea level.
Ornithuroscincus sabini measure 29–69 mm (1.1–2.7 in) in snout–vent length. The limbs are short.
# The Secret Policeman's Ball 2012

The Secret Policeman's Ball 2012 was the title of the show staged as a benefit for human rights organization Amnesty International at New York City's Radio City Music Hall on 4 March 2012, it was one of the long-running series of similar Amnesty benefits.
Like its predecessors in 2006 and 2008, the show title was a reprise of the title of the 1979 Amnesty benefit show, The Secret Policeman's Ball, which heralded the organization's breakthrough in public awareness and fund-raising. To celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of Amnesty International, the show took place in the United States for the first time on March 4, 2012 at Radio City Music Hall in New York City, instead of its usual location in London.

## Content

The show was produced by James Serafinowicz and featured a mix of prominent comedians from Britain and the United States. After a taped introduction by Archbishop Desmond Tutu, the comedy lineup included:
* Jon Stewart
* Russell Brand
* Eddie Izzard
* Reggie Watts
* Ben Stiller
* Peter Serafinowicz
* Fred Armisen
* Kristen Wiig
* Seth Meyers
* Jason Sudeikis
* Bobby Moynihan
* Jay Pharoah
* Taran Killam
* Rachel Dratch
* Catherine Tate
* David Cross
* Bob Odenkirk
* Hannibal Buress
* Sarah Silverman
* Paul Rudd
* Matt Berry
* John Oliver
* Rashida Jones
* Chris O'Dowd
* David Walliams
* Jimmy Carr
* Noel Fielding
* Micky Flanagan
* Jack Whitehall
* Tim Roth
* Bill Hader (as Julian Assange)
* Rex Lee (as Kim Jong-un)
* John van der Put (as Piff the Magic Dragon)
There was a cameo appearance by Richard Branson, Liam Neeson introduced formerly imprisoned Burmese comedian and political activist Zarganar.
The musical lineup consisted of Mumford & Sons, Reggie Watts with Peter Serafinowicz, and a concluding set by Coldplay.
Additionally, Beavis and Butt-head appeared in an animated sequence and former Monty Python members Michael Palin, Eric Idle, and Terry Jones appeared in pre-recorded video segments explaining comedically why they were not there. At several moments in the show, Statler and Waldorf from the Muppets commented on the event and spoke to performers from a balcony.
Aziz Ansari, The Antics, Maya Rudolph and Stephen Colbert had been rumoured to appear but ultimately did not do so.
The event was streamed live on Epix. Peter Serafinowicz provided the voice of the announcer. It was later shown on Channel 4 in the UK on 9 March 2012, with extra behind the scenes interviews with some of the performers.
In the UK it was shown by Channel 4.
# A131 autoroute

The A131 Autoroute starts at in the outskirts of Le Havre and ends near Bourneville-Sainte-Croix close to exit 26 on the A13.
It is operated by the Société des Autoroutes de Paris Normandie (SAPN). Its total length is 36.3 km (22.6 mi). Apart from the Pont de Tancarville where a toll is applicable, the motorway is toll-free. Junctions on the A131 are not numbered. The road section on the Pont de Tancarville is renumbered RN182 to allow non-motorway traffic to cross the Seine.

## History

This autoroute is the result of the merger of the former RN 182, transformed into a motorway between Bourneville-Sainte-Croix and the Pont de Tancarville, and the motorway linking the Pont de Tancarville to Le Havre, originally numbered A15.

## List of junctions

| Department | Location | km | mi | Junction | Destinations | Notes |
| Seine-Maritime | Gonfreville-l'Orcher | 0.9 | 0.6 | D 982 | Le Havre | Westbound entry only |
| Seine-Maritime | Gonfreville-l'Orcher | 1.7 | 1.1 | D 982 Zone Industrielle de Rogerville-Oudalle | Le Havre, Gonfreville-l'Orcher, Pont de Tancarville, Rogerville, Oudalle | Westbound exit to A29 North and A29 South |
| Seine-Maritime | Rogerville | 3.6 | 2.2 | A 29 | Rouen, Amiens, Caen | |
| Seine-Maritime | Saint-Vigor-d'Ymonville | 9.8 | 6.1 | D 982 | ZI Port 5000-6000 | |
| Seine-Maritime | Tancarville | 16.9 | 10.5 | D 982 | ZI de Port Jerome, Lillebonne | |
| Seine-Maritime | Tancarville | 18.2 | 11.3 | D 910 - Junction 31 Pont de Tarcarville | Tarcarville | |
| Eure | Marais-Vernier | 20.6 | 12.8 | D 6178 - Junction 30 | Beuzeville, Évreux | |
| Eure | Bourneville | 26.0 | 16.1 | D 810 - Junction 29 | Alençon | |
| Eure | Bourneville | 34.2 | 21.2 | D 139 - Junction 28 Elbeuf | Bourneville, Elbeuf | Eastbound exit and westbound entry only |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi |||||||
# Wael El Hindi

Wael Hatem El-Hendy (Arabic: وَائِل حَاتِم الْهِنْدِيّ; born June 25, 1980, in Giza) is a professional squash player who represented Egypt. A Professional Squash Association (PSA) member since 1999, Wael El Hindi has long been regarded as one of Egypt's most talented players – first making his mark in the USA in 1998 when he reached the final of the World Junior Championship as a 5/8 seed. Steady progress on the Tour saw the 28-year-old from Giza – who currently divides his time between Egypt and England – reaching a career high ranking of World No. 8 in November 2008.

## Professional career

El Hindi reached his first Tour final in Spain at the Trofeo Aquarius Open in October 1999, but it was a further two years later, in the same country, that he claimed his maiden title at the Spanish Open in Tenerife, in September 2001. Early the following year, he won his first trophy on home soil at the El Ahly Open in Cairo.
In 2004, El Hindi began a love affair with Malaysia where he won the Kuala Lumpur Open in February – then went on to reach the final of the Malaysian Open later in the year, and again in 2005, in both cases exceeding his seeding. His standout achievements in 2006 included home country success in the Heliopolis Open in August 2006 – when he made his breakthrough after beating Finland's second seed Olli Tuominen in the quarter-finals. The following month, unseeded, he joined the last eight of the World Open, also in Egypt, after beating seeded compatriot Karim Darwish and England's Nick Matthew.
El Hindi began 2007 by again beating higher-seeded Darwish en route to a semi-final berth in the Canadian Classic in January. In April, he produced impressive performances in both the Kuwait Open and Qatar Classic (in Doha, featuring upsets over Anthony Ricketts and Lee Beachill) which saw him leap four places to make his top ten debut in May. In July, he successfully defended his Heliopolis Open crown after overcoming fellow Egyptians in each round – Mohd Ali Anwar Reda, Omar Elborolossy, Mohammed Abbas, and then Karim Darwish in the final.
El Hindi's 2008 campaign began with a quarter-final berth in the Tournament of Champions in January, then the following month he exceeded his seeding in the Canadian Classic in Toronto, where he beat Australian Cameron Pilley to set up a surprise all-Egyptian semi-final line-up. In May, Wael made his debut in the Super Series Finals in London, where he beat Ong Beng Hee en route to recording a sixth-place finish. El Hindi has credited his success to working on his fitness with British squash legend Jonah Barrington in England. He reached a career-high world ranking of World No. 8 in November 2008.
As of 2021, El Hindi owns and operates the Kinetic Indoor Racquet Club in Boynton Beach, Florida, and he currently coaches squash for Saint Andrew's School, based nearby in Boca Raton.

## Major World Series final appearances
### US Open: 1 final (1 title, 0 runner-up)

| Outcome | Year | Opponent in the final | Score in the final |
| Winner | 2010 | Laurens Jan Anjema | 11-8, 5-11, 11-7, 11-7 |