OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kizziah J. Bills

Kizziah Jones Bills (c. January 19, 1860 – February 24, 1924), also known as Mrs. K.J. Bills, Kizziah J. Stith, Kizzie J. Bills, was a Black American suffragist, a correspondent and columnist for Black press in Chicago, and a civil rights activist. She is known as an early member of the Ida B. Wells Club, the Alpha Suffrage Club and served as president of the Civic League.

## Biography

Her name at birth was Kizziah Jones, she was born January 19, 1860 (or 1862), in Florence, Alabama, to Patsey (née Hendricks) and Poindexter Jones. She was raised in Davidson County, Tennessee in a cabin. Starting at a young age she worked as a seamstress.
In c.1880, she married Dr. Nathan J. Stith and together they had a son, Andrew Haydn Stith (born 1889). By 1891, she was a widow and started using the name "Kizzie". She worked in 1891–1892 at Meigs School, a segregated public school in Nashville.

### Women's clubs

In 1893, she married Satto Bills and they moved to Chicago. She worked as a seamstress and Satto Bills worked as a cook and later as a railroad worker. She joined many women's clubs in Chicago and was an early member of the Ida B. Wells Club (previously named the Women's Era Club) and Bills was the first president of the Julia Gaston Club. Satto Bills died in 1901, leaving her as a widow again.
In 1905, she served as the president of the Civic League, served as the recording secretary of the Tennesseans, and joined as a member, the Grand Foundation United Order of True Reformers.
In 1913 she joined the Alpha Suffrage Club, which is thought to be the first black female suffrage club. Starting in 1914, Bills served as the editor of the club newspaper, The Alpha Suffrage Record. She later served as a writer in the 1930s for The Alpha Suffrage Record's "Clubs and Society" column.

### The Chicago Defender

Between 1910 until 1915, under the name "Mrs. K.J. Bills", she wrote for The Chicago Defender newspaper. Her most famous publication was in 1915 on the film premiere of The Birth of a Nation in Chicago, an American silent epic drama film which is part fiction and part history, chronicling the assassination of Abraham Lincoln by John Wilkes Booth and the relationship of two families in the Civil War and Reconstruction eras over the course of several years. Bills reviewed the film with a critical lens and debunked much of the storyline for a lack of historical facts, while reflecting on her own experiences as a Black woman living during the Reconstruction era in the American South.
She died in Chicago on February 24, 1924, after an illness.
# Pythagoras number

In mathematics, the Pythagoras number or reduced height of a field describes the structure of the set of squares in the field. The Pythagoras number p(K) of a field K is the smallest positive integer p such that every sum of squares in K is a sum of p squares.
A Pythagorean field is a field with Pythagoras number 1: that is, every sum of squares is already a square.

## Examples

* Every non-negative real number is a square, so p(R) = 1.
* For a finite field of odd characteristic, not every element is a square, but all are the sum of two squares, so p = 2.
* By Lagrange's four-square theorem, every positive rational number is a sum of four squares, and not all are sums of three squares, so p(Q) = 4.

## Properties

* Every positive integer occurs as the Pythagoras number of some formally real field.
* The Pythagoras number is related to the Stufe by p(F) ≤ s(F) + 1. If F is not formally real then s(F) ≤ p(F) ≤ s(F) + 1, and both cases are possible: for F = C we have s = p = 1, whereas for F = F$_5$ we have s = 1, p = 2.
* As a consequence, the Pythagoras number of a non-formally-real field is either a power of 2, or 1 more than a power of 2. All such cases occur: i.e., for each pair (s,p) of the form (2$^k$,2$^k$) or (2$^k$,2$^k$ + 1), there exists a field F such that (s(F),p(F)) = (s,p). For example, quadratically closed fields (e.g., C) and fields of characteristic 2 (e.g., F$_2$) give (s(F),p(F)) = (1,1); for primes p ≡ 1 (mod 4), F$_p$ and the p-adic field Q$_p$ give (1,2); for primes p ≡ 3 (mod 4), F$_p$ gives (2,2), and Q$_p$ gives (2,3); Q$_2$ gives (4,4), and the function field Q$_2$(X) gives (4,5).
* The Pythagoras number is related to the height of a field F: if F is formally real then h(F) is the smallest power of 2 which is not less than p(F); if F is not formally real then h(F) = 2s(F).
# Bangarmau Assembly constituency

Bangarmau is a constituency of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly covering the city of Bangarmau in the Unnao district of Uttar Pradesh, India. It is one of six assembly constituencies in the Unnao Lok Sabha constituency. Since 2008, this assembly constituency has numbered 162 among 403 constituencies.
This seat belonged to candidate Kuldeep Singh Sengar who won in the last Assembly election for the 4th time of 2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Elections defeating Samajwadi Party candidate Badaloo Khan by a margin of 28,237 votes.

## Members of Vidhan Sabha

| Year | Member | Party |
| 1962 | Sewa Ram | Indian National Congress |
| 1967 | Shivgopal Tiwari | Bharatiya Jana Sangh |
| 1969 | Gopi Nath Dixit | Indian National Congress |
| 1974 | Raghvendra Singh | Bharatiya Kranti Dal |
| 1977 | Jagdish Prasad Trivedi | Janata Party |
| 1980 | Gopi Nath Dixit | Indian National Congress (Indira) |
| 1985 | Gopi Nath Dixit | Indian National Congress |
| 1989 | Ashok Kumar Singh | Janata Dal |
| 1991 | Gopi Nath Dixit | Indian National Congress |
| 1993 | Ashok Kumar Singh | Samajwadi Party |
| 1996 | Ram Shankar Pal | Bahujan Samaj Party |
| 2002 | Ram Shankar Pal | Bahujan Samaj Party |
| 2007 | Kuldeep Singh Sengar | Samajwadi Party |
| 2012 | Badlu Khan | Samajwadi Party |
| 2017 | Kuldeep Singh Sengar | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2020^ | Shrikant Katiyar | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2022 | Shrikant Katiyar | Bharatiya Janata Party |

## Election results
### 2022

2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election: Bangarmau :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | BJP | Shrikant Katiyar | 90,980 | 44.7 | 3.72 |
| | SP | Dr. Munna | 75,187 | 36.94 | 16.66 |
| | BSP | Ram kishore Pal | 25,543 | 12.55 | 1.61 |
| | INC | Arti Bajpai | 5,285 | 2.6 | 20.36 |
| | NOTA | None of the above | 1,267 | 0.62 | 0.31 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 15,793 | 7.76 | 6.26 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 203,527 | 56.94 | 2.86 |
| | BJP hold | BJP hold | Swing | | |

### 2020

By Polls, 2020: Bangermau :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | BJP | Shrikant Katiyar | 71,381 | 40.98 | 2.81 |
| | INC | Arti Bajpai | 39,983 | 22.96 | 22.96 |
| | SP | Suresh Kumar Pal | 35,322 | 20.28 | 12.17 |
| | BSP | Mahesh Prasad | 19,062 | 10.94 | 11.4 |
| | | Rest of the candidates | 6,985 | 4.04 | 0.20 |
| | NOTA | None of the Above | 1,438 | 0.83 | 0.11 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 31,398 | 18.02 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 1,74,228 | 50.77 | |
| | BJP hold | BJP hold | Swing | | |

### 2017

2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election: Bangarmau :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | BJP | Kuldeep Singh Sengar | 87,657 | 43.38 | 29.87 |
| | SP | Badaloo khan | 59,330 | 29.36 | 1.78 |
| | BSP | Mohd Irshad Khan | 44,730 | 22.14 | 5.2 |
| | NOTA | None of the above | 1,873 | 0.93 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 28,327 | 14.02 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 202,064 | 59.8 | |
| | BJP gain from SP | BJP gain from SP | Swing | | |
# Isolated ground

An isolated ground (IG) (or Functional Earth (FE) in European literature) is a ground connection to a local earth electrode from equipment where the main supply uses a different earthing arrangement, one of the common earthing arrangements used with domestic mains supplies. It is distinct from a TT earthing system where the system electrode is also part of the safety earthing and not neutral bonded. In most countries where regulation permits it, TT is preferred for such systems as conventional wiring techniques can be used. Examples where an IG may be required include radio transmitters where it is not desired for RF currents associated with the antenna and its earthing to enter the mains supply wiring, and in reverse, for sensitive apparatus that should be protected from supply borne interference. Great care has to be taken to maintain system safety with such systems, and each case has to be carefully considered.

## Description

The primary reason for the use of isolated grounds (IG) is to provide a noise-free ground return, separate from the equipment grounding (EG) return. The EG circuit includes all of the metal conduit, outlet boxes, and metal enclosures that contain the wiring and must be grounded to provide a safe return path in case of fault currents. The IG provides an insulated, separate ground path for the ground reference in electronic equipment, such as computers, hospital equipment, and audio equipment. IG does not break ground loops, which can damage equipment like computers, printers, etc.. Interconnected computer equipment often benefits from single-point grounding.
IG is only used with special equipment that requires it. The IG is typically insulated and separate all the way back to the point of earth grounding rod outside of the building. The IG is NOT connected to a neutral or any other earthing network. Due to the installation of a separate, insulated conductor and the associated special outlets required, IG circuits are more expensive to install than standard power circuits.
Its main downside is that an isolated grounding connection has higher impedance than a non-isolated grounding connection, and no redundancy, so safety is reduced. Isolated ground receptacles are allowed in patient care areas, but only when installed outside the immediate patient care vicinity.

## Domestic supplies

Until the 1950s, isolated ground domestic mains supplies tended to have no Residual-Current Device (RCD) or Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker (ELCB), and too high a ground impedance to blow a fuse if a live-to-earth fault occurred. This could leave metalwork in the house live. The use of Residual Current Devices (RCDs) or formerly ELCBs with such installs solved this problem. Such installs are called EEBAD (Earthed Equipotential Bonding and Automatic Disconnection).

## Noise

An isolated ground, if installed correctly, can reduce some electrical noise. However, complete power conditioning and protection usually requires additional devices such as a surge protector or an uninterruptible power supply. If the receptacle is not installed correctly, it can create a dangerous installation.
# Rabat District

Rabat District (Persian: بخش ربط) is in Sardasht County, West Azerbaijan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Rabat, whose population at the 2016 National Census was 15,750 people in 4,030 households.

## History

After the 2016 National Census, the village of Nalas was elevated to the status of a city.
In 2022, Bask-e Kuleseh and Gavork-e Sardasht Rural Districts, and the cities of Nalas and Rabat, were separated from their districts in the formation of Rabat District.

## Demographics
### Administrative divisions

Rabat District :
* Administrative Divisions
* Bask-e Kuleseh RD
* Gavork-e Sardasht RD
* Nalas (city)
* Rabat (city)
* RD = Rural District
# Kyriakos Kyriakou

Kyriakos Kyriakou (Greek: Κυριάκος Κυριάκου; born 20 June 1989 in Larnaca), is a Cypriot professional footballer who plays for ASIL Lysi in the Cypriot Second Division.

## Career

He began his career at AEK Larnaca, progressed through the youth academies, and in 2006 was promoted to the first team.
# Holy Rock School

Holy Rock School is an English medium school in Nawabhat, situated on the outskirts of Bardhaman, West Bengal, India. It was established in 1982. It has been affiliated to CISCE since 1994.
# Aharon Razel

Aharon Razel (Hebrew: אהרן רזאל; born in 1974) is an Israeli musician. His music explores topics such as the Torah, Orthodox Judaism and living in Israel.

## Biography

Born in New York City in 1974, Razel came to Israel with his family when he was one month old. He started playing various instruments at an early age, mainly the piano, guitar, violin and recorder. He composed small pieces for different ensembles.
When Razel was in 4th grade, his family became religious so he moved to a religious school. When he was in 7th grade he switched back to secular education, attending Hebrew University High School.
In 1988, he started harpsichord, playing with David Shemer, and a year later doing composition with Andre Hajdu.
At the age of 15, Razel was accepted to the Jerusalem Rubin Music and Dance Academy harpsichord and composition departments, where he obtained a Bachelor of Music degree in 1994. He completed his MA degree in composition at Bar-Ilan University under the guidance of Andre Hajdu.
During his period of studies in the Music Academy, Razel played harpsichord with different ensembles throughout the country. At the same time, he composed various chamber music works which were performed at the Jerusalem Theatre and Tel Aviv Museum. He has been awarded AICF scholarships since 1990.
In 1992, the Israel Chamber Orchestra performed his piece "Shalom Rav Shooveh".
In addition to his activities in the field of classical music, Razel also composed 'light' music, and together with his brother, Yonatan Razel, had a record published by Phonokol in 1991.
He completed his army service as "outstanding musician". He then went through self-searching which led him to visit in Tzfat; in 1996, he moved there.
He has produced nine albums.
Razel is married and lives in the Nachlaot neighborhood of Jerusalem.

## Selected discography

* Water From the Rock (1999)
* Redemption Time (2001)
* The Burning Bush (2003)
* Song of Zion (2004)
* Live in Jerusalem (2005)
* Orange Days (2005)
* Connected to You (2007)
* K'Shoshana (with Shlomo Katz & Chaim-Dovid Saracik) (2008)
* Secret of Shabbos (with Yerachmiel Ziegler) (2009)
* What Have You Done Today (2011)
* Kavati Et Moshavi (I have made my place) (2013)
* The Man at the End of the Tunnel (2015)
* Until I Find A Place (2017)
* Ha'Neshama Rotzah Yoteir (The Soul Desires More) (2019)
# Seymour Fagan

Seymour Fagan (born 30 December 1967 in Old Harbour Bay) is a retired male track and field sprinter from Jamaica who specializes in the 400 metres. He won a bronze medal in 4 × 400 metres relay at the 1991 World Championships, together with teammates Patrick O'Connor, Devon Morris and Winthrop Graham.

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Jamaica ||||||
| 1990 | Goodwill Games | Seattle, United States | 2nd | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:00.45 |
| 1991 | Central American and Caribbean Championships | Xalapa, Mexico | 1st | 400 m | 46.11 |
| 1991 | Central American and Caribbean Championships | Xalapa, Mexico | 3rd | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:08.14 |
| 1991 | Pan American Games | Havana, Cuba | 3rd | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:02.12 |
| 1991 | World Championships | Tokyo, Japan | 3rd | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:00.10 |
# Mads Henriksen

Mads Henriksen (born 29 October 1996) is a Danish cricketer. In April 2018, he was named in Denmark's squad for the 2018 ICC World Cricket League Division Four tournament in Malaysia. He played in Denmark's opening match of the tournament, against Bermuda.
In September 2018, Henriksen was the leading run-scorer for Denmark in Group A of the 2018–19 ICC World Twenty20 Europe Qualifier tournament, with 115 runs in five matches. Later the same month, he was named in Denmark's squad for the 2018 ICC World Cricket League Division Three tournament in Oman.
His younger brother Jonas Henriksen is also a Danish cricketer who has played for the national T20I team.
# Erebus hotspot

The Erebus hotspot is a volcanic hotspot responsible for the high volcanic activity on Ross Island in the western Ross Sea of Antarctica. Its current eruptive zone, Mount Erebus, has erupted continuously since its discovery in 1841. Magmas of the Erebus hotspot are similar to those erupted from hotspots at the active East African Rift in eastern Africa. Mount Bird at the northernmost end of Ross Island and Mount Terror at its eastern end are large basaltic shield volcanoes that have been potassium-argon dated 3.8–4.8 and 0.8–1.8 million years old.

## About

There is currently disagreement over the cause of volcanic activity on Ross Island. The traditional view is that the area is underlain by a mantle plume which has given rise to volcanism and, in conjunction with a second plume thought to be under Marie Byrd Land on the mainland to the east, a system of rifts known as the West Antarctic Rift System. Support for a plume origin includes petrological, geochemical, and isotopic evidence for a deep-mantle source, high heat flow in the area, high volcanic output, domal uplift, and seismic anomalies in the upper mantle consistent with a plume approximately 250 to 300 km (160 to 190 mi) in diameter extending 200 km (120 mi) below the surface where it changes into a narrow column that extends at least a further 400 km (250 mi) and according to some studies as deep as 1,000 km (620 mi). The area lacks the time-progressive volcanism typically associated with mantle plumes. This has been explained by the Antarctic Plate being stationary since the late Cretaceous.
Other observations appear to be inconsistent with the plume model. Uplift in the region lacks the circular symmetry typically associated with mantle plumes. Rifting occurred mainly in the late Cretaceous, whereas uplift occurred mainly in the middle Eocene, so uplift followed extension rather than preceding it as would be expected with a mantle plume. The volume of magmatism, when the long duration of volcanic activity is taken into account, appears lower than would be expected to result from a mantle plume. Seismic imaging does not show the circular symmetry expected for a mantle plume but indicates rather a linear, tectonic feature extending from Tasmania to the Ross Sea.
Owing to these issues, some scientists have questioned the plume model and propose instead a shallow, tectonic mechanism. In this view, lithospheric extension and rifting during the late Cretaceous stretched the lithosphere, giving rise to partial melts. Though insufficient to break the surface, fertile, low-liquidus material was distributed throughout the lithospheric mantle. During the middle Eocene, tectonic changes in the Southern Ocean gave rise to further lithospheric deformation, causing strike-slip faulting which enabled decompression melting and extrusion of the fertile material emplaced during the late Cretaceous.
# PP-179 Kasur-V

PP-179 Kasur-V (پی پی-179، قصور-5) is a Constituency of Provincial Assembly of Punjab.

## General elections 2024

Provincial election 2024: PP-179 Kasur-V :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | PML(N) | Malik Ahmad Khan | 65,623 | 52.38 | |
| | Independent | Sardar Nadir Farook Ali | 47,665 | 38.05 | |
| | TLP | Mansoor Ahmad | 4,994 | 3.99 | |
| | PPP | Muhammad Rafique shahzad | 2,450 | 1.96 | |
| | IPP | Malik Mukhtar Ahmad | 2,109 | 1.68 | |
| | Others | Others (eleven candidates) | 2,432 | 1.94 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 127,973 | 59.99 | |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 125,273 | 97.89 | |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 2,700 | 2.11 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 17,958 | 14.33 | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 213,322 | | |
| | hold | hold | hold | hold | hold |

## General elections 2018

Provincial election 2018: PP-176 Kasur-III :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | PML(N) | Malik Muhammad Ahmad Khan | 50,339 | 41.10 |
| | PTI | Sardar Muhammad Hussain Dogar | 31,486 | 25.71 |
| | Independent | Shahid Masood | 18,704 | 15.27 |
| | MMA | Muhammad Javed | 7,060 | 5.76 |
| | PPP | Munir Ahmad | 5,144 | 4.20 |
| | TLP | Sabir Ali Babar | 4,039 | 3.30 |
| | Independent | Sardar Mushtaq Ahmad | 2,285 | 1.87 |
| | Independent | Muhammad Abid Jamal | 1,472 | 1.20 |
| | Others | Others (five candidates) | 1,957 | 1.60 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 126,938 | 62.81 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 122,486 | 96.49 |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 4,452 | 3.51 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 18,853 | 15.39 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 202,108 | |

## General elections 2013

| Contesting Candidates | Party Affiliation | Votes Polled |

## General elections 2008

| Contesting Candidates | Party Affiliation | Votes Polled |
# Châtillon, Aosta Valley

Châtillon (French: ; Valdôtain: Tschahtéyón; Issime Walser: Géschtullju); is a town and comune in the Aosta Valley region of northwestern Italy.

## Toponym

Châtillon was renamed "Castiglion Dora" in Italian in 1939 during Fascist rule in Italy. It was reverted to its original name in 1946.

## Notable people

Châtillon is the ancestral home of the Bich family, whose most famous member was Marcel Bich, founder of Société Bic.
* Winter panorama of Châtillon.
* The church of Notre-Dame-de-Grâces.

## Hameaux

Albard, Bellecombe, Breil-de-Barrel (or Petit-Breil), Gros-Breil, Bourg, Brusoncles, Brusoncles-des-Gard (or Brusoncles-Dessus), Brusoncles-des-Janin (or Brusoncles-Dessous), Barme-des-Antesans, Cret-de-Breil, Grange-de-Barme, Chaméran, Champlong, Fours, Ventoux, Garin, Sez-de-Val, La Fournaise, Conoz, La Verdettaz, Murate, Isseuries, Perrianaz, Chardin, Promiod, Boëttes, Francou, Arsine, Brenvey, Chancellier, Revard, Bioure, Salère, Varé, Chenez, Pointé, Étavé, Chésalet, Toniquet, Assert, Fressoney, Nissod, Travod, Domianaz, Closel, La Tour, Verlex, La Sounère, Barmusse, Crétadonaz, Cret-Blanc, Chavod, Merlin, Tour-de-Grange, Sarmasse, Barmafol, Plantin, Perolles, Soleil, Bretton, Saint-Valentin, Sellotaz, Govergnou, Cillod, Panorama, Remela, Neran, Larianaz, Gléréyaz, La Marca, Crétaz, Cloîtres, Plan-Pissin, Tornafol, Saint-Clair, Piou, Cérouic, Étrop, Pragarin, Salé, Les Îles, Les Pérolles, Taxard, Ussel, Château-d'Ussel, Biolasse, Perry, Mont Ross, Toule.
# Shadae Lawrence

Shadae Lawrence (born 31 December 1995) is a Jamaican athlete specialising in the discus throw. She represented her country at the 2016 Summer Olympics without qualifying for the final. She has qualified for the event for the 2020 Summer Olympics as well.
On May 22, 2021, she broke the Jamaican National Record with a personal best throw of 67.05 metres set in Tucson, AZ.
Lawrence is currently an assistant coach for the South Florida Bulls track and field team.

## International competitions

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Notes |
| Representing Jamaica |||||
| 2014 | Central American and Caribbean Junior Championships (U20) | Morelia, Mexico | 1st | 46.25 m |
| 2014 | World Junior Championships | Eugene, United Kingdom | 14th (q) | 48.44 m |
| 2016 | Olympic Games | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | 22nd (q) | 57.09 m |
| 2017 | World Championships | London, United Kingdom | 15th (q) | 59.25 m |
| 2019 | Pan American Games | Lima, Peru | 7th | 58.99 m |
| 2019 | World Championships | Doha, Qatar | 19th (q) | 58.51 m |
| 2021 | Olympic Games | Tokyo, Japan | 7th | 62.12 m |
# Josh Finnie

Joshua Finnie (born 18 December 1996) is a New Zealand first-class cricketer. He was part of New Zealand's squad for the 2014 ICC Under-19 Cricket World Cup.

## Career

In December 2015, he was named as the captain of New Zealand's squad for the 2016 Under-19 Cricket World Cup.
In June 2018, he was awarded a contract with Otago for the 2018–19 season. In June 2020, he was offered a contract by Otago ahead of the 2020–21 domestic cricket season.