OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hexamethyldisiloxane

Hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO or MM) is an organosilicon compound with the formula O[Si(CH$_3$)$_3$]$_2$. This volatile colourless liquid is used as a solvent and as a reagent in organic synthesis. It is prepared by the hydrolysis of trimethylsilyl chloride. The molecule is the protypical disiloxane and resembles a subunit of polydimethylsiloxane.

## Synthesis and reactions

Hexamethyldisiloxane can be produced by the addition of trimethylsilyl chloride to purified water:
    2 Me$_3$SiCl + H$_2$O → 2 HCl + O[Si(CH$_3$)$_3$]$_2$
It also results from the hydrolysis of silyl ethers and other silyl-protected functional groups. HMDSO can be converted back to the chloride by reaction with Me$_2$SiCl$_2$.
Hexamethyldisiloxane is mainly used as source of the trimethylsilyl functional group (-Si(CH$_3$)$_3$) in organic synthesis. For example, in the presence of acid catalyst, it converts alcohols and carboxylic acids into the silyl ethers and silyl esters, respectively.
It reacts with rhenium(VII) oxide to give a siloxide:
    Re$_2$O$_7$ + O[Si(CH$_3$)$_3$]$_2$ → 2 O$_3$ReOSi(CH$_3$)$_3$

## Niche uses

HMDSO is used as an internal standard for calibrating chemical shift in$^1$H NMR spectroscopy. It is more easily handled since it is less volatile than the usual standard tetramethylsilane but still displays only a singlet near 0 ppm.
HMDSO has even poorer solvating power than alkanes. It is therefore sometimes employed to crystallise highly lipophilic compounds.
It is used in liquid bandages (spray-on plasters) such as cavilon spray, to protect damaged skin from irritation from other bodily fluids. It is also used to soften and remove adhesive residues left by medical tape and bandages, without causing further skin irritation.
HMDSO is being studied for making low-k dielectric materials for the semiconductor industries by plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD).
HMDSO has been used as a reporter molecule to measure tissue oxygen tension (pO$_2$). HMDSO is highly hydrophobic and exhibits high gas solubility, and hence strong nuclear magnetic resonance spin lattice relaxation rate (R1) response to changes in pO$_2$. Molecular symmetry provides a single NMR signal. Following direct injection into tissues it has been used to generate maps of tumour and muscle oxygenation dynamics with respect to hyperoxic gas breathing challenge.
# The Praise Singer

The Praise Singer is a historical novel by British novelist Mary Renault first published in 1978. Its narrator and main character is the real-life lyric poet Simonides of Ceos, whose life (ca. 556 BC-469 BCE) spanned the transition from an oral to a written culture in Ancient Greece. Renault's fiction argues that this transition was in part responsible for the cultural flowering known as the Golden Age of Athens—though she also gives credit to Hipparchus, Tyrant of Athens, who attracted talented artists like Simonides to live in his city. Renault depicts him as having the works of Homer set down in writing for the first time.
The book contains portraits of several other historical figures, such as the mathematician/philosopher Pythagoras, and the erotic poet Anakreon.

## Plot summary

The book follows the life of Simonides from the point of view of his older self. As a boy, silent and lacking confidence due to his extreme ugliness, he is brought up with strict discipline by his father, Leoprepes. He finds comfort in the love of his handsome older brother Theasides, and in music. When a travelling singer, Kleobis, visits Keos to perform at a wedding, Simonides begs to be taken on as an apprentice. This Kleobis does, and they leave together on their travels.
Under Kleobis' tutelage Simonides becomes a talented composer and performer, but he remains physically ugly. This proves a severe disadvantage when, after the fall of Kleobis' native city of Ephesos to the Persians, Kleobis and Simonides attempt to find a patron at the court of Polycrates of Samos. Polycrates is a connoisseur of beauty, in boys as much as in music or art, and Simonides' appearance is not a recommendation. Kleobis and Simonides find themselves out of fashion at court, and scrabbling for work.
Simonides travels back to Keos to enter a music contest, leaving Kleobis behind in Samos nursing a slight illness. He wins the contest, but discovers, on returning, that Kleobis has died.
Simonides now finds a patron in Peisistratus, the tyrant of Athens. He becomes a successful musician in that city, and after Peisistratos' death, his sons Hippias and Hipparchus continue the family's patronage. Through Hipparchos, Simonides is introduced to the hetaira Lyra, whose lover he becomes. Hipparchos himself is sexually oriented to boys, not women, and Simonides witnesses his eventual downfall, when Hipparchos uses his political power to punish the family of a young boy who rejects his advances, and the boy and his lover retaliate by murdering him. Here Renault draws on the tale of Harmodius and Aristogeiton, also known as the Tyrannicides (τυραννοκτόνοι), whose attack against the Peisistratid tyranny made them iconic personages of Athenian democracy.
# John L. Meisenheimer

John Long Meisenheimer Sr. (June 21, 1933 – January 7, 2023) was an American chemist who was a Professor Emeritus of Chemistry (1963–1999) and EKU Foundation Professor (1994–1996) at Eastern Kentucky University.
On October 31, 1957, he was the Launch and Flight Weather Officer for the first U.S., intercontinental missile (Snark). In 1958, as the Launch Weather Officer for Explorer 1, the first U.S. satellite, he delayed America's entry into the space race for two days with his correct forecasts of extreme upper air wind shear. On the third day, January 31, his forecast was for the jet stream to move far enough away from Cape Canaveral for the upper air winds to allow an evening launch. Dr. Kurt Debus, the launch director, accepted this forecast and ordered the missile to be fueled. At about 10:48 pm, Explorer 1 was successfully launched.
From 1964 to 1970 he was a member of the Commonwealth of Kentucky's Longrifle Team that competed against teams from other states. Because of his participation in this competition he was commissioned an Honorary Kentucky Colonel in 1967 by Governor Edward Breathitt. In 1969 he won the Indiana Open Flintlock Championship competing against marksmen from six states. In 1992 he saved lives by discovering radioactive depleted uranium was used in the manufacture of frizzens used in muzzle-loading flintlock rifles.
He plays a recurring role of Pappy 5X in the book and webisode series the Zombie Cause. His biography is in the 2021 edition of Who'sWho In America,
Meisenheimer died from transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy on January 7, 2023, at the age of 89.
# The Western Shore

The Western Shore is a 1925 novel written by Clarkson Crane. It depicts life at the University of California, Berkeley in a series of 20 "episodes" featuring a variety of characters. Lawrence Clark Powell described it as one of the first and best novels about university life at Berkeley.
The novel was not commercially successful and received mixed reviews. It is now mostly remembered for being an example of an early gay novel, for its inclusion of a gay professor as a major character as well as frank discussions of homosexuality among other characters.

## Background

Crane himself had studied at UC Berkeley, graduating in 1916. After graduation, he served in the army during World War I, and then pursued a career as a writer, publishing stories in a number of magazines. He traveled to Paris in 1924 where he lived on a small stipend from an aunt while composing The Western Shore, his first novel.

## Reception

The New York Times gave The Western Shore a tepid review, describing it as "realistic, brilliant and sound, without being great or important in any respect." A review in the Saturday Review of Literature complained that Crane "fails to realize the tragedy or the pathos" of his characters. Other critics, including Van Wyck Brooks, Paul Rosenfeld, and Carey McWilliams gave more positive assessments.

## As a gay novel

The Western Shore has been recognized as among the earliest novels to feature prominent gay themes. Most notably, the character of Philip Burton, a gay English professor. Other characters have been read as ambiguously gay, including the freshman student Milton Granger. Unlike many other gay novels of the early 20th century, it was printed by a mainstream publisher, and without use of a pseudonym. Contemporary reviewers did not remark on the novel's gay content, nor is it mentioned in the introduction to the 1985 second edition.
# Charles S. Simpson House

The Charles S. Simpson House is a historic building located on the east side of Davenport, Iowa, United States. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1983.

## Charles S. Simpson

Simpson was born in Miami County, Ohio in 1856, the son of David W. and Fannie (Martin) Simpson. He was educated in the local public schools of Troy, Ohio and when he finished his education he was involved in the nursery business and agriculture. He came to Scott County, Iowa in 1894. That same year he married Amelia Gross of Le Claire, Iowa. They had two children, one of whom died young. Charles was one of the organizers of the LeClaire Savings Bank in 1901 and was elected its president. For eleven of the fifteen years he lived in LeClaire he served as an alderman.
Simpson built this Georgian Revival home in Davenport in 1910. He maintained his position as the bank president in Le Claire after the move, but also served as treasurer of the Midland Supply Company, a vending machine and cigar lighter dealership.

## Architecture

The Simpson house is a fine Davenport example of the renewed interest that the United States had in Colonial Revival architecture around the turn of the 20th-century. This particular house was designed in Georgian Revival idiom of the Colonial style. The two-story brick house features a high hipped roof with curved dormers, a six-bay front, a porte-cochere, and a full height entrance. The single-door entrance is framed by columns in the Doric order, a semicircular pediment, and sidelights.
A carriage house/garage is located along the alley northeast of the house. The two-story frame structure was built in the combined Queen Anne and Shingle styles. It has been adapted for use by automobiles. It features a steeply pitched roof that sweeps down to flared eaves, and it has a cupola on top. Other architectural features of the carriage house were removed when it was renovated.
# George Prime

George Prime is a politician from the island of Grenada. He served as that nation's Minister of Carriacou and Petit Martinique Affairs between 2008 and 2013.
# Girl Meets Boy

Girl Meets Boy is a 2007 novel by Scottish author Ali Smith and published by Canongate in the Canongate Myth Series. It was one of the "best books of 2007" according to critics at The Independent.

## Plot

A modern-day reinterpretation of Ovid's myth of Iphis, it concerns two sisters, Anthea and Imogen (Midge) living in Inverness. Imogen works in the marketing department of a large company producing bottled water, Anthea is on work experience in the same department but then falls in love with Robin, a genderqueer environmental activist. It also vividly portrays her sister Imogen and her joyful emergence from low self-esteem.

## Cover drawing

The cover drawing on the first edition is by Tracey Emin and entitled Self-portrait as a Small Bird.

## Reception

Upon release, Girl Meets Boy was generally well-received. Globally, Complete Review saying on the consensus "Not quite a consensus, but many quite taken by it".
# 1978 Ilford North by-election

The Ilford North by-election of 2 March 1978 was held following the death of Labour Member of Parliament (MP) Millie Miller on 29 October 1977. The seat was gained by the Conservatives in a defeat for James Callaghan's government.

## Results

1978 Ilford North by-election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | Vivian Bendall | 22,548 | 50.31 | +9.43 |
| | Labour | Tessa Jowell | 17,051 | 38.04 | –4.44 |
| | Liberal | John Freeman | 2,248 | 5.02 | –11.62 |
| | National Front | John Hughes | 2,126 | 4.74 | New |
| | Conservative Independent Democrat | Tom Iremonger | 671 | 1.50 | New |
| | East London People's Front | Carole Rowe | 89 | 0.20 | New |
| | New Britain | Alfred Burr | 48 | 0.11 | New |
| | Democratic Monarchist, Public Safety, White Resident | Bill Boaks | 38 | 0.08 | New |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 5,497 | 12.27 | N/A |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 44,819 | 69.10 | −5.36 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | | | |
| | Conservative gain from Labour | Conservative gain from Labour | Swing | | |
* Alfred Burr was exposed as a convicted child abuser after nominations closed, resulting in the withdrawal of his endorsement by the New Britain Party and his withdrawal from election six days before the date of the by-election.
General election October 1974: Ilford North :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Millie Miller | 20,621 | 42.48 | +4.48 |
| | Conservative | Tom Iremonger | 19,843 | 40.88 | +2.32 |
| | Liberal | Gareth Wilson | 8,080 | 16.64 | −6.80 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 778 | 1.60 | N/A |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 48,544 | 74.46 | −5.15 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 65,195 | | |
| | Labour gain from Conservative | Labour gain from Conservative | Swing | | |
# Nevernight Chronicle

The Nevernight Chronicle is a trilogy of adult fantasy novels by Australian novelist Jay Kristoff.

## Plot

The book centers on Mia Corvere, an assassin with the ability to manipulate darkness who plots revenge against her family's killers.

## Series

* Nevernight (2016)
* Godsgrave (2017)
* Darkdawn (2019)

## Reception

The series was well received by critics, with praise for its pacing, dark humor, worldbuilding, and conclusion. It was noted for its dark themes, and mature subject matter dealing with violence and sexuality. Each installment in the series received the Aurealis Award for Best Fantasy Novel the year of its release.
The character of Mia Corvere was also praised as a three-dimensional female protagonist. In an article for the journal Gender Forum, Marthe-Siobhán Hecke argued that Corvere's nuanced characterization subverted expectations of both female protagonists and of revenge narratives.
The series' conclusion, Darkdawn, was published in 2019 and appeared on several year's end lists' of the best fantasy books and series conclusions. It debuted on the Sunday Times bestseller list, the first of Kristoff's solo works to do so.

## Adaptations

In 2019, Piera Forde produced a web series adaptation of Nevernight on YouTube.
# Nairobi police station bombing

The Nairobi police station bombing occurred in front of a police station in Nairobi, Kenya on 23 April 2014. The bomb killed at least 4 people including 2 police.
# 1986 Bangladesh MV Shamia ferry incident

The 1986 Bangladesh MV Shamia ferry incident refers to one of the worst maritime disasters in human history that occurred on 25 May 1986 on the Meghna River in Bangladesh, killing 600 passengers. The incident occurred when the overloaded MV Shamia, a two-decker merchant ship ferry, sank while carrying about 1,000 - 1,500 people from Bhola to Dhaka during stormy weather conditions. Initial reports cited between 40 and 240 dead with 500 missing.
At the end of Ramadan, a fasting month of muslims, many people were returning from their home cities to the capital Dhaka, after celebrating the religious holiday of Eid al-Fitr.

## Background

It is believed that cyclone heavily affected the capital of Bangladesh, including its adjoining areas at the time of the accident. The riverboat Shamia was set on sail from Bhola to Dhaka with over 1,000 to 1,500 passengers despite having accommodation for 500 passengers only. Shamia capsized when strong winds struck the ferry in one of the widest parts of the Meghna River.
The President of Bangladesh of that time, Hussain Mohammed Ershad, suspended all double-decker boats within Bangladesh jurisdiction and several officials responsible for issuing maritime-fitness certificates, were suspended for allowing the structural-defective ferries to carry passengers.
# Elisabeth Kirchler

Elisabeth Kirchler (born 17 November 1963) is a retired Austrian alpine skier.

## Biography

She did grow up in the small village Lanersbach, community Tux. Her nickname is Lis or Lisi. Winning the silver medal in the giant slalom Race in the World Championships 1985 (female races were held at Santa Caterina) was a great surprise because she was known as a "speed racer" (and by the way, female racers of the Austrian Ski Federation weren't successful in that discipline since March 1978). Besides her four wins, she could achieve podiums as following: Place 2: downhill 4, Super-G 2, giant slalom 1, Alpine Combined 1; place 3: Alpine Combined 1. - Another results are: Olympics: Downhill 9th, in 1984; Downhill 8th, Super-G 15th, in 1988. - World Championships: Downhill 6th, giant slalom 8th, in 1982; Downhill 12th, in 1985; Downhill 22nd, in 1989. - She was an Austrian Champion in the giant slalom in 1983.
After retirement she was a commentator for the Austrian Television broadcaster ORF and a columnist for an Austrian newspaper for several years. She is married to a restaurant proprietor (Armin Riml); the couple lives at Sölden with three children.

## World Cup victories

| Date | Location | Race |
| 6 March 1981 | Aspen | Downhill |
| 8 December 1982 | Val d'Isère | Combined |
| 22 January 1983 | Megève | Downhill |
| 21 December 1984 | Santa Caterina | Downhill |
# Yuri Shaporin

Yuri Alexandrovich Shaporin (Russian: Юрий (Георгий) Александрович Шапорин) (8 November [O.S. 27 October] 1887 – 9 December 1966), PAU, was a Soviet composer.

## Biography

Shaporin was born in Glukhov in the Russian Empire (now in Ukraine). His father was a painter and his mother a pianist. He received his secondary education in Saint Petersburg. He first studied philology at Kiev University and went on to study law at Saint Petersburg University.
He then turned to music, starting his studies at the Saint Petersburg Conservatory in 1913. His teachers there included Nikolay Sokolov (composition), Maximilian Steinberg (orchestration), and Nikolai Tcherepnin (conducting). He graduated as a composer and conductor in 1918.
After the Bolshoi Drama Theater was established in 1919, he served as its musical director until 1928. He then worked with the Russian State Pushkin Academy Drama Theater — also known as the Alexandrinsky Theater — until 1934. During this period he composed a significant amount of theater music. He was a founding member of the Association for Contemporary Music in 1923.
During the 1930s Shaporin turned his attention to large scale works. His opera Dekabristi (The Decembrists), to a libretto written by Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy about the Decembrist revolt, had been on Shaporin's mind since 1920 — a 1925 interim version, Polina Gyobe, had two scenes staged in Leningrad (as it had been renamed in 1924). In 1938, Shaporin received an offer of a teaching position at the Moscow Conservatory and he moved to Moscow. That year, he completed a version of Dekabristi for a commission by the Bolshoi Theatre, but dissatisfied with it, he decided to revise it. In 1952, Shaporin was awarded the Stalin Prize. The opera was only completed in 1953, after collaboration with librettist Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky, and it was premiered at the Bolshoi Theatre on 23 June 1953.
Among Shaporin's students at the Moscow Conservatory were Edward Artemiev and Rodion Shchedrin.
# HMS Boyne (1790)

HMS Boyne was a 98-gun Royal Navy second-rate ship of the line launched on 27 July 1790 at Woolwich. She was the flagship of Vice Admiral John Jervis in 1794. She caught fire and blew up in 1795.

## Invasion of Guadeloupe

In 1793, Boyne set sail on 24 November for the West Indies, carrying Lieutenant-general Sir Charles Grey and Vice-admiral Sir John Jervis for an invasion of Guadeloupe. On the way, Yellow fever ravaged the crew. Still, the British managed to get the French to surrender at Fort St. Charles in Guadeloupe on 21 April of the following year. The capture of Fort St. Charles, the batteries, and the town of Basse-Terre cost the British army two men killed, four wounded, and five missing; the navy had no casualties.

## Fate

Boyne caught fire and blew up on 1 May 1795 at Spithead. She was lying at anchor while the Royal Marines of the vessel were practising firing exercises. It is supposed that the funnel of the wardroom stove, which passed through the decks, set fire to papers in the Admiral's cabin. The fire was only discovered when flames burst through the poop, by which time it was too late to do anything. The fire spread rapidly and she was aflame from one end to the other within half an hour.
As soon as the fleet noticed the fire, other vessels sent boats to render assistance. As a result, the death toll on Boyne was only eleven men. At the same time, the signal was made for the vessels most at danger from the fire to get under way. Although the tide and wind were not favourable, all the vessels in any danger were able to escape to St Helens.
Because the guns were always left loaded, the cannons began to 'cook off', firing shots at potential rescuers making their way to the ship, resulting in the deaths of two seamen and the injury of another aboard Queen Charlotte, anchored nearby. Later in the day, the fire burnt the cables and Boyne drifted eastward till she grounded on the east end of the Spit, opposite Southsea Castle. There she blew up soon after.

## Post-script

The wreck presented something of a hazard to a navigation and as a result it was blown up on 30 August 1838 in a clearance attempt, and yet again a final attempt on 24 June 1840.
Today the Boyne buoy marks the site of the explosion. A few metal artefacts from the ship remain atop a mound of shingle.

## Citations

* ↑ "Launch of the Boyne". The Times. No. 1876. London. 29 July 1790. col A, p. 4.
* 1 2 Lavery, Ships of the Line, vol. 1, p. 183.
* ↑ "No. 13659". The London Gazette. 21 May 1794. pp. 461–463.
* 1 2 3 4 5 Gosset (1986), p. 7.
* ↑ "Blowing up of the Boyne". The Times. No. 16824. London. 3 September 1838. col C, p. 5.
* ↑ "HMS Boyne (1790). Controlled explosions to clear the wreck". The Morning Post. 29 June 1840. p. 1.
* ↑ Corney, Arthur (1968). Southsea Castle. Portsmouth City Council. p. 17.
* ↑ Pritchard, Martin; McDonald, Kendall (1987). Dive Wight and Hampshire. Underwater World Publications. pp. 77–78. ISBN 0-946020-15-9.
# Sergio Arribas

Sergio Arribas may refer to:
* Sergio Arribas (footballer, born 1995), Spanish football attacking midfielder for Marchamalo
* Sergio Arribas (footballer, born 2001), Spanish football attacking midfielder for Almería
* Sergio Arribas (footballer, born 2003), Spanish football left-back for Betis Deportivo