OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1991 Lesotho coup d'état

The 1991 Lesotho coup d'état was a military coup that took place in Lesotho on 30 April 1991, led by Colonel Elias Phisoana Ramaema. It led to the resignation of Prime Minister General Justin Lekhanya, who held the office since the 1986 coup d'état.
Colonel Ramaena besieged the government and forced Prime Minister Lekhanya to resign. During Ramaena's two years in power, a new constitution restoring the powers of the Parliament was adopted. Multi-party general election was held on 27 March 1993, with the assistance of the Secretariat of the Commonwealth of Nations, at the request of the government. Finally, the exiled King Moshoeshoe II, who was dethroned by General Lekhanya in 1990, was restored to the throne on 25 January 1995.
# Hiw (island)

Hiw (sometimes spelled Hiu) is the northernmost island in Vanuatu, located in Torba Province.

## Name

The island's name Hiw is taken from the local Hiw language; it is known as Hiu in neighboring Lo-Toga. Etymologically, these forms reflect Proto-Torres-Banks *siwo, from Proto-Oceanic *sipo “(go) down”, understood here in its geocentric sense of “located northwest”.

## Geography

Hiw is the largest island in the Torres Islands in Torba Province. It is situated east of the Torres Trench, south of Vanikoro in the Solomon Islands. It has an area of 51 square kilometres (20 square miles). The highest point is Mount Wonvara (366 metres (1,201 feet).
Hiw's climate is humid tropical. The average annual rainfall is about 4000 mm. The island is subject to frequent cyclones and earthquakes.
Vewoag Point (locally called Ngrë Twome), the northern cape of Hiw, is the northernmost point of land of Vanuatu. 1.6 kilometres (1.0 mile) of Hiw is a submerged coral reef, Ngwey Gakwe (formerly Recif Giraudeau), over which the waves break.

## Population

Hiw has a population of about 270 inhabitants.
They are distributed in three villages, all located on the east coast: Yogwye [ˈjɔɰwjə]; Yaqane [jaˈkʷanə]; and the main village Yögevigemëne [ˌjɵɣəˌβiɣəˈmenə], whose name is sometimes shortened to Yugemëne [ˌjʉɣəˈmenə].
The language spoken on the island is also called Hiw.

## Transportation

The Torres islands are served by Torres Airport, which is located on the Linua island, south of Hiw.
# Skarpe Nord

Skarpe Nord is an ice skating rink in Kungälv. It is the home of IFK Kungälv, Kareby IS, and Kungälvs SK. It is open to the public in the winter, when it is cold and there is ice on the rink.
# Hot-cold empathy gap

A hot-cold empathy gap is a cognitive bias in which people underestimate the influences of visceral drives on their own attitudes, preferences, and behaviors. It is a type of empathy gap.$^{:27}$
The most important aspect of this idea is that human understanding is "state-dependent". For example, when one is angry, it is difficult to understand what it is like for one to be calm, and vice versa; when one is blindly in love with someone, it is difficult to understand what it is like for one not to be, (or to imagine the possibility of not being blindly in love in the future). Importantly, an inability to minimize one's gap in empathy can lead to negative outcomes in medical settings (e.g., when a doctor needs to accurately diagnose the physical pain of a patient).
Hot-cold empathy gaps can be analyzed according to their direction:
* Hot-to-cold: People under the influence of visceral factors (hot state) do not fully grasp how much their behavior and preferences are being driven by their current state; they think instead that these short-term goals reflect their general and long-term preferences.
* Cold-to-hot: People in a cold state have difficulty picturing themselves in hot states, minimizing the motivational strength of visceral impulses. This leads to unpreparedness when visceral forces inevitably arise.
They can also be classified in regards to their relation with time (past or future) and whether they occur intra- or inter-personally:
* intrapersonal prospective: the inability to effectively predict their own future behavior when in a different state. See also projection bias.
* intrapersonal retrospective: when people recall or try to understand behaviors that happened in a different state.
* interpersonal: the attempt to evaluate behaviors or preferences of another person who is in a state different from one's own.

## Visceral factors

Visceral factors are an array of influences which include hunger, thirst, love, sexual arousal, cravings for the drugs one is addicted to, physical pain, and desire for revenge. These drives have a disproportionate effect on decision making and behavior: the mind, when affected (i.e., in a hot state), tends to ignore all other goals in an effort to placate these influences. These states can lead a person to feel "out of control" and act impulsively.

## Areas of study
### Bullying

The empathy gap has been an important idea in research about the causes of bullying.$^{:IV}$

### Addiction

George F. Loewenstein explored visceral factors related to addictions like smoking. The factors have to do with drive states which are essential for living – for example, sleepiness and hunger. Loewenstein discovered that addicts mistakenly categorize their addiction as an essential living drive state due to a behavior disorder.
# 10th Tennessee Infantry Regiment (Union)

The 10th Tennessee Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. Originally recruited and designated as the 1st Middle Tennessee Infantry, it was largely composed of Irish-Americans.

## Service

The 10th Tennessee Infantry was organized at Nashville, Tennessee, from May until August 1862, and mustered in for a three-year enlistment under the command of Colonel Alvan Cullem Gillem.
Attachments
* Post and District of Nashville, Tennessee, Department of the Cumberland, to June 1863.
* 3rd Brigade, 2nd Division, Reserve Corps, Department of the Cumberland (until September 1863)
* Defenses of Nashville & Northwestern Railroad (until January 1864)
* 1st Brigade, Defenses of Nashville, Tennessee (January 1864)
* 1st Brigade, 3rd Division, XII Corps, Department of the Cumberland (until April 1864)
* 1st Brigade, 4th Division, XX Corps, Department of the Cumberland ( until April 1865)
* 1st Brigade, 4th Division, District of East Tennessee (until June 1865)
* The 10th Tennessee Infantry mustered out of service at Nashville, Tennessee, between April 2 and May 17, 1865.

## Detailed service

* Post and garrison duty at Nashville, Tennessee, until September 1863.
* Ordered to Bridgeport, Alabama, September 24, 1863.
* Guard duty on Nashville & Northwestern Railroad, and garrison and guard duty at Nashville, Tennessee, until April 1865.
* Ordered to Greenville April 24, 1865, and duty in District of East Tennessee until June.

## Commanders

* Colonel Alvan Cullem Gillem
# Liocranidae

Liocranidae is a family of araneomorph spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1897. They are one of several groups called "sac spiders". The holarctic genus Agroeca is the best-known, but it also includes various genera of more obscure spiders that still lack a diagnosis. Two species in the North American genus Neoanagraphis are found in the extremely dry conditions in the Mojave, Sonoran and Chihuahuan deserts. Females live in animal burrows while males wander and are the ones most often caught in pitfall traps.

## Genera

As of August 2021, the World Spider Catalog accepts the following genera:
* Agraecina Simon, 1932 — Europe, Africa, Kazakhstan
* Agroeca Westring, 1861 — Asia, Europe, Africa, South America, North America
* Andromma Simon, 1893 — Africa
* Apostenus Westring, 1851 — Africa, United States, Europe
* Arabelia Bosselaers, 2009 — Greece, Turkey
* Argistes Simon, 1897 — Sri Lanka
* Coryssiphus Simon, 1903 — South Africa
* Cteniogaster Bosselaers & Jocqué, 2013 — Tanzania, Kenya
* Cybaeodes Simon, 1878 — Europe, Algeria
* Donuea Strand, 1932 — Madagascar
* Drapeta Menge, 1875 — Europe, the Caucasus
* Hesperocranum Ubick & Platnick, 1991 — United States
* Jacaena Thorell, 1897 — Asia
* Koppe Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001 — Asia, Papua New Guinea
* Laudetia Gertsch, 1941 — Dominica
* Liocranoeca Wunderlich, 1999 — United States, Europe, Russia
* Liocranum L. Koch, 1866 — Europe, Ethiopia, Asia, Papua New Guinea, Cuba
* Liparochrysis Simon, 1909 — Australia
* Mesiotelus Simon, 1897 — Europe, Asia, Kenya
* Mesobria Simon, 1898 — Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
* Neoanagraphis Gertsch & Mulaik, 1936 — United States, Mexico
* Oedignatha Thorell, 1881 — Asia, Oceania, Seychelles
* Paratus Simon, 1898 — Asia
* Platnick Marusik & Fomichev, 2020 — Tajikistan
* Rhaeboctesis Simon, 1897 — Angola, Namibia, South Africa
* Scotina Menge, 1873 — Algeria, Malta, Asia
* Sesieutes Simon, 1897 — Asia
* Sestakovaia Zamani & Marusik, 2021 — Europe, Iran
* Sphingius Thorell, 1890 — Asia
* Sudharmia Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001 — Indonesia
* Teutamus Thorell, 1890 — Asia
* Toxoniella Warui & Jocqué, 2002 — Kenya
* Vankeeria Bosselaers, 2012 — Greece
* Xenoplectus Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1958 — Argentina
# Vinařice (Louny District)

Vinařice is a municipality and village in Louny District in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.
Vinařice lies approximately 12 kilometres (7 mi) south of Louny, 47 km (29 mi) south of Ústí nad Labem, and 47 km (29 mi) north-west of Prague.

## Administrative division

Vinařice consists of two municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
* Vinařice (149)
* Divice (94)
# Election Office (Iran)

The Election Office (Persian: ستاد انتخابات کشور) is the body charged for implementation of election procedures in Iran and is subordinate to the Ministry of Interior.

## List of Heads

| Date appointed | Name | Elections held | Minister | President |
| 1997 | Mostafa Tajzadeh | 1998 experts 1999 councils 2000 parliament | Abdolvahed Mousavi Lari | Mohammad Khatami |
| 2001 | Morteza Moballegh | 2001 president 2003 councils 2004 parliament 2005 president | Abdolvahed Mousavi Lari | Mohammad Khatami |
| 7 October 2006 | Mojtaba Samareh Hashemi | 2006 councils/experts | Mostafa Pourmohammadi | Mahmoud Ahmadinejad |
| 24 November 2007 | Alireza Afshar | 2008 parliament | Mostafa Pourmohammadi | Mahmoud Ahmadinejad |
| 16 March 2009 | Kamran Daneshjoo | 2009 president | Sadegh Mahsouli | Mahmoud Ahmadinejad |
| 17 May 2011 | Sowlat Mortazavi | 2012 parliament 2013 president/councils | Mostafa Mohammad-Najjar | Mahmoud Ahmadinejad |
| 12 April 2015 | Mohammad-Hossein Moghimi | 2016 parliament/experts | Abdolreza Rahmani Fazli | Hassan Rouhani |
| 30 December 2016 | Ali-Asghar Ahmadi | 2017 presidential/councils | Abdolreza Rahmani Fazli | Hassan Rouhani |
# Piracy Act

Piracy Act is a stock short title used for legislation in the United Kingdom relating to piracy.
The Bill for an Act with this short title may have been known as a Piracy Bill during its passage through Parliament.

## List

* The Piracy Act 1670 (22 & 23 Cha. 2. c. 11)
* The Piracy Act 1698
* The Piracy Act 1717
* The Piracy Act 1721
* The Piracy Act 1744 (18 Geo. 2. c. 30)
* The Piratical Ships Act 1825 (6 Geo. 4. c. 49)
* The Piracy Act 1837
* The Piracy Act 1850 (13 & 14 Vict. c. 26)
# 2010 Nauruan constitutional referendum

A constitutional referendum was held in Nauru on 27 February 2010. Voters were asked to vote on amendments to the constitution, most notably a change to a directly elected president (instead of one chosen by parliament) and a strengthening of human rights legislation (but also a clarification of the distribution of powers and other, less notable amendments). A two-thirds majority was required for the amendments to pass.
The referendum was part of a large-scale constitutional renewal; the referendum had to be held to approve changes to some especially protected parts of the constitution, while other changes were made by simple parliamentary vote. Any changes would only take effect on the day of the next general election, likely in May/June 2011.
Turnout was 78%, with almost 4,400 votes cast; the constitutional changes were rejected by majority of two thirds, almost 3,000 votes. It was considered immediately afterwards whether another referendum might be held at a later time.

## Results

Nauruan constitutional referendum, 2010 :
| Choice | Votes | % |
| No | 2,939 | 66.96 |
| Yes | 1,450 | 33.04 |
| Valid votes | 4,389 | 98.17 |
| Invalid or blank votes | 82 | 1.83 |
| Total votes | 4,471 | 100.00 |
| Source: Government of Nauru |||
# Communist Front (Italy)

The Communist Front (Italian: Fronte Comunista) is a Marxist–Leninist communist party in Italy that was founded in 2020.
Its stated purpose is to "play a role in the regrouping and unification of revolutionary forces into a communist party that is strong, consistently Marxist-Leninist, homogeneous ideologically and politically, clear and consequential in tactics and strategy, adequate to the historical phase in which we live and to the struggles that await the workers against the indiscriminate attacks of the employers' front".
The Front of Communist Youth joined the Communist Front in 2021 after splitting from the Communist Party in 2020. In November 2023, the Communist Front took part in the creation of the European Communist Action.
# CAVEman

CAVEman is a 4D high-resolution model of a functioning human elaborated by the University of Calgary. It resides in a cube-shaped virtual reality room, like a cave, also known as the "research holodeck", in which the human model floats in space, projected from three walls and the floor below. The model is intended to be used for medical research and modelling, where the effects of medical phenomena with genetic components, such as cancer, diabetes and Alzheimer's disease can be studied virtually. The high-resolution hologram can be scaled up and down in size to study processes at the micro level.
# 10th Virginia Infantry Regiment

The 10th Virginia Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment raised in Virginia for service in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. It fought mostly with the Army of Northern Virginia.
The 10th Virginia was assembled at Harper's Ferry during the late spring of 1861. Four companies of the 4th Regiment Virginia Volunteers, a militia unit, were united with other volunteer companies to make up the regiment. An eleventh company was added to the command in April, 1862. Its men were raised in the counties of Shenandoah, Rockingham, Page, and Madison. During the war it was attached to Elzey's, Taliaferro's, Fulkerson's, Colston's, Steuart's, and W. Terry's Brigade.
After fighting at First Manassas and McDowell, it was active in Jackson's Valley Campaign. The 10th participated in the campaigns of the Army of Northern Virginia from the Seven Days' Battles to Cold Harbor except when it was on detached duty during the Battle of Antietam. It was involved in Early's Shenandoah Valley operations and later the Appomattox Campaign.
This unit reported 16 casualties at First Manassas, 21 at McDowell, 43 at Cedar Mountain, 32 at Second Manassas, and 157 at Chancellorsville. Of the 276 engaged at Gettysburg more than twenty-five percent were disabled. On April 9, 1865, it surrendered with 2 officers and 43 men.
The field officers were Colonels Simeon B. Gibbons and Edward T.H. Warren, Lieutenant Colonels Dorilas H.L. Martz and Samuel T. Walker, and Majors Isaac G. Coffman and Joshua Stover.
Future Speaker of the United States House of Representatives Charles Frederick Crisp was a lieutenant in Company K of the 10th Virginia. Future U.S. Senator Harrison Riddleberger also was a lieutenant in the 10th Virginia, although he transferred to the 23rd Virginia Cavalry and was promoted to captain.
# Peggy Regenwetter

Peggy Regenwetter (born 16 February 1971) is a Luxembourgish table tennis player. She competed in women's doubles at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney.
# Francis T. Roots Building

Francis T. Roots Building, also known as the Roots Building, is a historic commercial building located at Muncie, Delaware County, Indiana. It was built in 1895, and is a three-story, square plan, Queen Anne style brick building. The building features marble and limestone panels, projecting bays, and a corner turret. The building was remodeled about 1940 and restored in the 1980s.$^{:2–3}$
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.
# Odo I, Count of Orléans

Odo I (French: Eudes; also Hodo, Uodo, or Udo in contemporary Latin; died 25 May 834) was the Count of Orléans (comes Aurelianensium) following the final deposition of Matfrid until his own deposition a few years later.
He belonged to the Udalriching family and was a son of Adrian, who had also held the county of Orléans, and possibly of Waldrada, a Nibelungid. In 811, as count (comes), according to the Annales Fuldenses, he signed a peace treaty with the Vikings.
According to the Vita Hludowici, in 827, he was named to replace the deposed Matfrid in Orléans. Odo, along with Heribert, son of William of Gellone, a relative, possibly his cousin, were exiled in April 830 by Lothair I and Orléans was confiscated. Matfrid was reinstated.
In 834, while fighting Matfrid and Lambert I of Nantes, partisans of Lothair, Odo was killed as were his brothers William, Guy of Maine, and Theodo, abbot of Saint Martin of Tours.
Odo's wife was Engeltrude de Fézensac. Their eldest daughter, Ermentrude, married Charles the Bald of West Francia. He left a son William who was executed by his own brother-in-law in 866.
# Pata Island massacre

The Pata Island massacre refers to an event that took place on February 12, 1981, on Pata Island, Sulu province in the Philippines. More than 100 Philippine Army officers and men were killed by Moro natives in what was called by retired Major General Delfin Castro as "the biggest number of casualties incurred by the Armed Forces of the Philippines in a single incident since the start of the conflict in Mindanao and had the dubious distinction of achieving the biggest losses in AFP firearms and equipment in a single incident." An estimated 3,000 Tausug civilians, including women and children, were killed in months of shelling by military forces in 1982 and was tagged as the Pata Island massacre.

## Events prior to massacre

The 1st Infantry Division of the Philippine Army conducted an operation on Pata Island on February 9, 1981, after receiving reports of landings being made there by Moro National Liberation Front elements. The 31st Infantry Battalion was at the forefront of this operation, assisted by two other battalions. After being assured by local barangay leaders that no MNLF forces had landed, the 31st Infantry Battalion began to withdraw its troops from the island on February 12, 1981, leaving its Headquarters Service Company along with battalion commander Lieutenant Colonel Jacinto Sardual.

## The massacre

Lt. Col. Sardual called on a Civilian Home Defense Forces commander Unad Masillam before his planned departure. Masillam and his men then accompanied Sardual back to the Headquarters Service Company's encampment, at which point Masillam asked Sardual to form up the company and stack up their weapons so that both sides could conduct a farewell ceremony. Sardual, who was a dental officer, complied and gave the order for his men to do so.
The Moros surrounded the government troops and then opened fire using automatic rifles. Responding soldiers who later discovered the bodies of their dead comrades reported finding spent .30 caliber shell casings and links at the Moros' firing positions, indicating the use of machine guns. Accounts vary regarding the number of dead Philippine Army troopers; reports indicate a body count of 119 and 124. Some of the bodies were found with defensive wounds on their arms inflicted by bladed weapons; many bodies were scorched, indicating that an attempt to burn them was made. Three of the company survived, all of them wounded.

## Retaliation

The Philippine Air Force and the Philippine Navy bombed and shelled the island for nearly two months in support of Philippine Army search operations to capture the perpetrators, though 300 rebels may have evaded capture by escaping to Sabah, Malaysia. Juan Ponce Enrile, then Defense Minister, described the perpetrators as simply "armed men", probably smugglers or remnants of the Moro National Liberation Front.
3,000 Tausug civilians, including women and children, were killed in months of military shelling in 1982 and was tagged as a massacre.
# 2005 Speedway Grand Prix of Scandinavia

The 2005 Speedway Grand Prix of Scandinavia was the seventh round of the 2005 Speedway Grand Prix season (the world championship). It took place on 13 August 2005 at the G&B Stadium in Målilla, Sweden.
It was the fourth time that the Speedway Grand Prix of Scandinavia was held, and it was won by Australian rider Jason Crump marking his 12th career Grand Prix win.

## Grand Prix result

| Placing | Rider | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | Pts | SF1 | SF2 | Final | GP Pts |
| | (7) Jason Crump | | 3 | | | | | 3 | | | | | 3 | 2 | | | | | 2 | | | 13 | | 3 | 3 | 25 |
| | (12) Andreas Jonsson | | | 1 | | | | | 3 | | 3 | | | 3 | | | | | | 3 | | 13 | 3 | | 2 | 20 |
| | (16) Tony Rickardsson | | | | 2 | | | | 2 | 1 | | | | | | 3 | | | 3 | | | 11 | | 2 | 1 | 18 |
| 4 | (8) Leigh Adams | | 0 | | | | | | 1 | | | 3 | | | 3 | | | 2 | | | | 9 | 2 | | 0 | 16 |
| 5 | (11) Nicki Pedersen | | | 3 | | | | 2 | | 3 | | | | | x | | | | | | 2 | 10 | 0 | | | 10 |
| 6 | (6) Scott Nicholls | | 1 | | | | 3 | | | 2 | | | | | | | 3 | | | 1 | | 10 | | 1 | | 10 |
| 7 | (2) Tomasz Gollob | 2 | | | | | 2 | | | | 2 | | | | 2 | | | | 1 | | | 9 | 1 | | | 9 |
| 8 | (5) Greg Hancock | | 2 | | | 2 | | | | | 1 | | | | | 0 | | | | | 3 | 8 | | 0 | | 8 |
| 9 | (15) Bjarne Pedersen | | | | 3 | | | 1 | | | 0 | | | | | | 0 | 3 | | | | 7 | | | | 7 |
| 10 | (10) Antonio Lindbäck | | | 2 | | | 1 | | | | | | 1 | | | 2 | | 1 | | | | 7 | | | | 7 |
| 11 | (14) Ryan Sullivan | | | | 1 | | 0 | | | | | 2 | | 1 | | | | | | | 1 | 5 | | | | 5 |
| 12 | (3) Hans Andersen | 1 | | | | | | 0 | | | | 1 | | | | 1 | | | | 2 | | 5 | | | | 5 |
| 13 | (9) Jarosław Hampel | | | 0 | | 3 | | | | | | 0 | | | | | 2 | | 0 | | | 5 | | | | 5 |
| 14 | (13) Jonas Davidsson | | | | 0 | 1 | | | | | | | 2 | | 1 | | | | | 0 | | 4 | | | | 4 |
| 15 | (1) Lee Richardson | 3 | | | | 0 | | | | 0 | | | | 0 | | | | 0 | | | | 3 | | | | 3 |
| 16 | (4) Tomasz Chrzanowski | 0 | | | | | | | 0 | | | | 0 | | | | 1 | | | | 0 | 1 | | | | 1 |
| R1 | (R1) Peter Ljung | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 0 | R1 |
| R2 | (R2) Freddie Lindgren | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 0 | R2 |
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance • t - exclusion for touching the tapes • x - other exclusion • e - retired or mechanical failure • f - fell • ns - non-starter • nc - non-classify
| gate A - inside | gate B | gate C | gate D - outside |
# Seán Ó Catháin

Seán Ó Catháin (fl. 1726) was an Irish scribe and tutor.
While little is known of Ó Catháin, he is described in The Irish Classical Self: Poets and Poor Scholars in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries, by Laurie O'Higgins, as having left an "impression of his life and personality" in the notes which accompany some of his transcriptions.
In 1726, he was employed to transcribe Trí Biorghaoithe an Bháis (by Seathrún Céitinn) and Beatha Chaitríona (on the life of Catherine of Alexandria) for Francis Óg son of Thomas Blake of Furbogh, County Galway. This work is now in the British Library where it is labelled "Egerton MS 184". In his notes, Ó Catháin described himself as the "tutor and humble dependent" of Blake. He included a Latin acrostic (a composition in which the first letter of each line spells out a message) which reads FRANCISCUS BLAKE DE FORBAGH VIVAT DIU, "Francis Blake of Forbagh, long may he live".
He also wrote a work (classified as manuscript reference "RIA 23 G 4") which contains history, genealogy and poetry, sometime between 1722 and 1729. According to the historian Nollaig Ó Muraíle, Ó Catháin "was aged about sixty" when he "signed his name in [a] manuscript" on 14 June 1724.