OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Snapper Island (New South Wales)

Snapper Island (previously known as Schnapper Island) is a 1.65-hectare (4.1-acre) island in Sydney Harbour, Australia. It lies in the main channel of the western section of the harbour, upstream of the Sydney Harbour Bridge, adjacent to the Sydney suburb of Drummoyne.
The island was originally a rocky outcrop, but in 1931-2 it was increased in size over seven times by land reclamation, and reshaped into the general plan form of a ship. Since then it has been used as a training depot by the Sea Cadets, and as a museum.
Snapper Island is the smallest island in the harbour and more than the others has been reshaped significantly by human intervention.

## Early history

In 1879, Snapper Island was declared a public recreation reserve by the NSW Legislative Assembly. However, Snapper Island remained a rarely visited rocky outcrop.
When nearby Cockatoo Island was passed to the Royal Australian Navy in 1913, Snapper Island was included in its 'naval waters', and as such subject to naval control.
During World War I the island was leased to the Cockatoo Island Dockyard for storing ships' parts and old corrugated iron.
In 1930, Len Forsythe leased the island from the Commonwealth Government in order to create a training depot for boys in nautical skills. Around 50 cadets were recruited and began work on the island. After clearing the island of vegetation in 1931, the island was flattened by blasting an estimated 1,000 tonnes of rock from the top of the island over an eight-month period. Associated land reclamation activities increased the size of the island by around 1,000 square metres. The stone sea walls of the island were sculptured to create the shape of a ship with the stern (pointing towards Drummoyne) and the bow (pointing towards Cockatoo Island).
In 1932, building work commenced on a signal station, wharf and the other main buildings that can still be seen today. The layout of these buildings models the layout of a naval ship. The cadets also planted the two cabbage-tree palms which are still the only vegetation left on the island.
With the onset of World War II, the island was returned to the service of the Navy. At the end of 1942 United States troops moved onto the island to use it for training purposes. The British also used some of the facilities on Snapper Island as a social club for troops on leave.
In 1952, Forsythe decided to set up the Snapper Island Company and establish a museum on the island, the income from which would go towards the ongoing maintenance of the island. Opened after 1966, the museum held thousands of pieces of memorabilia from Australia's naval history.
Currently the island is closed to the public.
# Harlan Cohen

Harlan Cohen (November 6, 1934 – March 19, 2020) was an American volleyball coach who led both the United States men's and women's national teams during the mid-1960s.
As a player, Cohen was a member of Team USA's volleyball team at the 1965 Maccabiah Games in Israel, along with Gene Selznick, who had played on world championship teams.
Cohen coached the men in 1966. He coached the women to a gold medal at the 1967 Pan American Games and a silver medal at the 1967 World Championships in Tokyo. He was head coach of the USA women's team for the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City.
Cohen coached at Santa Monica College alongside Burt DeGroot from 1961 to 1972. Their teams won seven USA Volleyball (USVBA) college championships. He later was the head coach at Pepperdine University from 1975 to 1976 where his team won the USVBA championship in 1975.

## Recognition

* In 1990 he was inducted into the Southern California Jewish Sports Hall of Fame.
* Cohen received the George J. Fisher Leader in Volleyball Award from USA Volleyball in 1999.
* In 2000, he was awarded an All-Time Great Volleyball Coach Award from USA Volleyball.
# Supply Management (magazine)

Supply Management is the official magazine of the Chartered Institute of Purchasing & Supply (CIPS), published by Haymarket Media Group. The magazine is published monthly and features the latest news, view and analysis for procurement and supply chain professionals worldwide. The website provides daily news and opinion and exclusive content, in addition to access to more than 15,000 articles.
There is also a dedicated jobs website – jobs.supplymanagement.com – which features the latest vacancies in the UK and internationally.
Supply Management was relaunched in January 2016 with a campaign to end slavery in the supply chain.

## History

The first issue of the magazine was published on 14 March 1996 and incorporated Purchasing and Supply Management and Procurement Weekly. Purchasing and Supply Management was itself preceded by The Purchasing Journal which ran between the 1950s and 1970s.
The magazine was redesigned in 2006, changing sizes from A4 to US Letter. The first issue of the new design was published on 21 September 2006.
In March 2011 the magazine switched from a fortnightly to a monthly publication. The November 2013 edition was the first to be sent also to CIPS members in Australasia.
In January 2016, Supply Management was re-launched under the ownership of Haymarket Media Group.

## Awards

In 2008 Supply Management was named magazine of the year by MemCom.
The magazine also won Supplement of the Year at the Business Travel Journalism Awards in 2010.
# Devighat

Devighat is one of the historical and religious places of Nuwakot District of Central Development Region in Nepal. It is located at 60 km north of Kathmandu. It is the death place and place of funeral of king Prithvi Narayan Shah.
The town is located at the junction of Trishuli River and Tadi River.

## Religious site

* Jalapa Devi Mandir

## Hydropower

* Devighat Hydropower station 14 MW
* Solar power Project
# Take My Breath Away (Emma Bunton song)

"Take My Breath Away" is a song by English singer Emma Bunton. It was written by Bunton, Steve Mac, and Wayne Hector for her debut solo album, A Girl Like Me (2001), while production was helmed by Max. The song was released by Virgin Records on 27 August 2001 as the album's second single. It debuted and peaked at number five on the UK Singles Chart and became a top twenty hit in Italy. The accompanying music video was shot in Sardinia, Italy, and was directed by Greg Masuak.

## Critical reception

"Take My Breath Away" earned generally positive reviews from music critics. NME ranked the song among its parent album's "several lovely moments" and described it as "pure summer in a bottle." AllMusic editor Stewart Mason noted that "the assertive title track has the relaxed groove and organic feel of a classic early disco single.

## Commercial performance

The song was issued as the album's second single on 27 August 2001. It debuted and peaked at number five on the UK Singles Chart in the week ending 8 September 2001, becoming Bunton's third consecutive solo top five hit after "What I Am" (1999) and "What Took You So Long?."

## Music video

A music video for "Take My Breath Away" was directed by Greg Masuak. It was filmed in the summer of 2001 on the Italian island of Sardinia and features Bunton in a variety of beauty shots taken on the beach.

## Track listings

Notes
* signifies an additional producer

## Credits and personnel

Credits are taken from the UK CD single liner notes and A Girl Like Me booklet.
Studio
* Recorded and mixed at Rokstone Studios (London, England)
Personnel
* Emma Bunton – writing, vocals
* Steve Mac – writing, production, arrangement
* Wayne Hector – writing
* Mark "Spike" Stent – mixing
* Paul "P Dub" Walton – mixing engineer
* Chris Laws – engineering
* Ian Ross – artwork design
* Sam Harris – photography

## Release history

Release dates and formats for "Take My Breath Away" :
| Region | Date | Format(s) | Label(s) | Ref. |
| United Kingdom | 27 August 2001 | CDcassetteDVD | Virgin | |
| Australia | 22 October 2001 | CD | Virgin | |
# Midgårdsvallen

Midgårdsvallen is a football and track & field stadium in Märsta, Sweden. The stadium was opened in 2005. The natural grass pitch measures 105 x 65 meters. Currently the Midgårdsvallen stadium is approved for Superettan, but additional flood lights can be installed for Allsvenskan level. The all-weather tracks has IAAF approved surfaces. Midgårdsvallen has a total capacity of 2,400 spectators. The main stand is covered and seats 400.
The complex also includes a heated artificial turf football pitch and another artificial turf pitch for American Football.
# Craig-Bryan House

The Craig-Bryan House is a historic house at 307 West Central Avenue in Bentonville, Arkansas. It is an eclectic two-story brick house, with several gabled wings, and projecting bay window sections. Its front-facing gable ends are decorated with bargeboard, and there is a prominent three-story tower at the center with a shallow-pitch hip roof. Its iron balconies were salvaged from the old Benton County Courthouse when it was demolished. The house was built in 1875 by James Terrill Craig, and owned by members of the Bryan family for seven decades.
The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.
# Victor Letsoalo

Sepana Victor Letsoalo (born 1 April 1993) is a South African soccer player who plays as a forward for South African Premier Division side TS Galaxy and South African national team.

## Club career

Born in Cape Town, Letsoalo signed for Bloemfontein Celtic from Baroka in 2017.
He moved on to AmaZulu in the summer of 2023.

## International career

He made his debut for South Africa national soccer team on 13 July 2021 in a 2021 COSAFA Cup game against Lesotho and scored a hat-trick in a 4–0 victory, becoming the first South African player to score three times on his national team debut. He scored one more goal in the semi-final against Mozambique as South Africa won the tournament and he became the top goal scorer with 4 goals.

## International goals

    South Africa score listed first, score column indicates score after each Letsoalo goal.
International goals scored by Victor Letsoalo :
| No. | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1 | 13 July 2021 | Nelson Mandela Bay Stadium, Port Elizabeth, South Africa | Lesotho | 1–0 | 4–0 | 2021 COSAFA Cup |
| 2 | 13 July 2021 | Nelson Mandela Bay Stadium, Port Elizabeth, South Africa | Lesotho | 3–0 | 4–0 | 2021 COSAFA Cup |
| 3 | 13 July 2021 | Nelson Mandela Bay Stadium, Port Elizabeth, South Africa | Lesotho | 4–0 | 4–0 | 2021 COSAFA Cup |
| 4 | 16 July 2021 | Nelson Mandela Bay Stadium, Port Elizabeth, South Africa | Mozambique | 3–0 | 3–0 | 2021 COSAFA Cup |

## Honours

Baroka
* National First Division: 2015–16
# William Judson Holloway Jr.

William Judson Holloway Jr. (June 23, 1923 – April 25, 2014) was a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit.

## Education and career

Born in Hugo, Oklahoma, Holloway graduated from Classen High School in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma in 1941. He was in the United States Army during World War II, from 1943 to 1947 and became a first lieutenant. He received his undergraduate degree from the University of Oklahoma in 1947 and a Bachelor of Laws from Harvard Law School in 1950. He was in private practice in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma from 1950 to 1951. He was an attorney in the General Litigation Section of the Claims Division of the United States Department of Justice in Washington, D.C. from 1951 to 1952. He returned to private practice in Oklahoma City from 1952 to 1968.

## Federal judicial service

Holloway was nominated by President Lyndon B. Johnson on August 2, 1968, to the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit, to a new seat created by 82 Stat. 184. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on September 13, 1968, and received his commission on September 16, 1968. He served as Chief Judge from September 15, 1984 to September 16, 1991. He assumed senior status on May 31, 1992. His service terminated on April 25, 2014, due to his death of a respiratory ailment in Oklahoma City.

## Honor

The William J. Holloway Jr. United States Courthouse was named for him in 2016.
Actor Ben Carlson plays Judge Holloway in the 2018 film On the Basis of Sex, about the life and early cases of Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg.
The Oklahoma City University Law Review published a memorial issue in honor of his death in 2014.
# Joe Wolfinger

Joseph Raymond Wolfinger (born October 8, 1985) is an American professional basketball player for Toyoda Gosei Scorpions of the Japanese B.League.
# Frank Malir

Frank William Stewart Malir (4 August 1905 – 22 January 1974) was an English international rugby union player.
Malir was born in British India. His father, a Major, was attached to the Indian Medical Service. He attended Stanley House School (Bridge of Allan), then Woodhouse Grove School, which is where he learned his rugby.
A versatile back, Malir played for the Otley club and became a regular in the Yorkshire representative side from 1927. He won a County Championship with Yorkshire in 1928 and also made his first England trials that year. In 1930, Malir was capped for England in three Five Nations matches, playing as a centre against Wales, Ireland and Scotland. He and Alfred Bateson, who also debuted during the series, were the first Otley players to gain England caps.
Malir's brother Herbert was an England trialist and captained Yorkshire.
# Oued Bouaicha massacre

Algerian massacres in 1998 :
Massacres in which over 50 people were killed: :
| Wilaya of Relizane massacres | 4 January |
| Sidi-Hamed massacre | 11 January |
| Oued Bouaicha massacre | 26 March |
| Baloul massacre | 2 September |
| Tadjena massacre | 8 December |
← 19971999 → :
vte :
The Oued Bouaïcha massacre took place about 150 miles (240 km) south of Algiers, near Djelfa, on March 26, 1998, during the Algerian Civil War. Forty-seven people, including 27 children under the age of sixteen, were killed at Oued Bouaïcha in the municipality of Bouire Lahdab, near Had Sahary, by about fifteen men carrying axes and knives, who also kidnapped three young women. On the same day, another eleven people were killed on the other side of the country at Youb.
# Peg leg

A peg leg is a prosthesis, or artificial limb, fitted to the remaining stump of a human leg, especially a wooden one fitted at the knee. Its use dates to antiquity.

## History

By the late 19th century, prosthetics vendors would offer peg legs as cheaper alternatives to more intricate, lifelike artificial legs. Even as vendors touted advantages of more complicated prostheses over simple peg legs, according to a contemporary surgeon, many patients found a peg leg more comfortable for walking. According to medical reports, some amputees were able to adjust to the use of a peg leg so well that they could walk 10, or even 30, miles in one day.
Nowadays, wooden peg legs have been replaced by more modern materials, though some sports prostheses do have the same form.

## Notable peg leg wearers

* François Le Clerc (died 1563), privateer
* Cornelis Jol, (1597–1641), privateer and Dutch West India Company admiral
* Peter Stuyvesant (1612–1672), Dutch Director-General of New Amsterdam
* Blas de Lezo (1687–1741), Spanish admiral
* Gouverneur Morris (1752–1816), American politician
* Brook Watson (1735–1807), Lord Mayor of London
* Pierre Daumesnil (1776–1832), French general
* Józef Sowiński (1777–1831), Polish General
* Billy Waters (1778–1823), aka Black Billy, former African American slave, then sailor in the British Navy until he became an amputee. Also a busker of prolific merit.
* Vuk Karadžić (1787–1864), Serbian linguist
* Thomas L. Smith (1801–1866), American mountain man
* Albert Chmielowski (1845–1916), Polish artist, founder of the Albertine Brothers and Sisters, saint of the Catholic Church
* Robert McAlpin Williamson (1804?–1859), nicknamed "Three-legged Willie", Republic of Texas Supreme Court Justice, state lawmaker, and Texas Ranger
* Kushibiki Yumindo (1859?–1924), Japanese impresario
* Peg Leg Bates (1907–1998), dancer
* Peg Leg Sam (Arthur Jackson) (1911–1977), American blues musician
* Bill Veeck (1914–1986), American baseball executive
* Joe "Pegleg" Morgan (1929–1993), first non-Hispanic member of the Mexican Mafia, an American criminal organization
# Bestwin

Bestwin is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zduny, within Krotoszyn County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) west of Zduny, 11 km (7 mi) west of Krotoszyn, and 86 km (53 mi) south of the regional capital Poznań.
# Ísafjörður Airport

Ísafjörður Airport (Icelandic: Ísafjarðarflugvöllur) (IATA: IFJ, ICAO: BIIS) is an airport serving Ísafjörður, a town in the Westfjords (Icelandic: Vestfirðir) region in northwestern Iceland.

## History

Planning for the airport started in 1958 construction of the runway started the same year. It was originally 1,100 meters long and the cost of the construction was 4.8 million ISK. It was formally opened on 2 October 1960 with Gljáfaxi, a Douglas DC-3 from Flugfélag Íslands, being the first plane to land on the airport.

## Approach

Located in a fjord, the approach to the runway requires aircraft to fly close to the surrounding terrain, making it unique and more challenging than most airports. Approaches generally cannot be straight-in for either direction, and when landing to the northeast, a full 180 degree turn must be made before touchdown. The sharp turn and the approach is featured as one of the landing challenges in Microsoft Flight Simulator 2020.

## Airlines and destinations

| Airlines | Destinations |
| Icelandair | Reykjavík |

## Statistics
### Passengers and movements

| | Number of passengers | Number of movements |
| 2003 | 40,060 | 2,154 |
| 2004 | 45,395 | 2,496 |
| 2005 | 45,682 | 2,514 |
| 2006 | 44,604 | 2,144 |
| 2007 | 50,314 | 2,638 |
| 2008 | 51,791 | 2,468 |
| 2009 | 46,905 | 2,046 |
| 2010 | 43,204 | 2,092 |
| 2011 | 42,262 | 1,908 |
| 2012 | 40,331 | 2,010 |
| 2013 | 35,577 | 2,028 |
| 2014 | 34,946 | 1,874 |
| 2015 | 33,343 | 1,796 |
| 2016 | 33,076 | 2,006 |
| 2017 | 34,551 | 1,779 |
| 2018 | 32,552 | 2,061 |
| 2019 | 32,332 | 2,187 |
| 2020 | 14,710 | 1,271 |
| 2021 | 26,069 | 1,717 |

## Incidents

On 20 March 1982, the left engine of Flugleiðir's Fokker F27 Friendship, with registration TL-FLM, blew up during takeoff from Ísafjörður Airport, at the altitude of 490 feet. The pilots managed to put out the fire but could not lower the left landing gear due to the damage it sustained in the explosion. Instead of trying to land on the narrow Ísafjörður airport with only two wheels down, the captain decided to fly about 230 km to the much larger Keflavík Airport to attempt an emergency landing there. Despite the front part of the engine almost breaking off in the explosion, the plane managed to land in Keflavík with minimal additional damage to the plane. All 25 people on board survived without injuries.
# Stavropolskaya Aktsionernaya Avia Flight 1023

Stavropolskaya Aktsionernaya Avia Flight 1023 was a charter flight between Stavropol in southern Russia and Trabzon in Turkey operated by the Russian airline Stavropolskaya Aktsionernaya Avia. On 18 March 1997, the Antonov An-24 operating the flight suffered a structural failure and crashed into a forest, killing all 50 passengers and crew on board.

## Accident

The flight, which was a frequently operated charter between Stavropol and Trabzon on the Black Sea coast of Turkey, took off from Stavropol Shpakovskoye Airport, carrying 8 crew members, 41 passengers, mainly traders who planned to purchase cheap consumer goods in Turkey and one of the directors of the airline.
The flight was at a height of 17,700 feet (5,400 m) 37 minutes after take off, when air traffic control lost contact with it.
Wreckage of the Antonov An-24 was found scattered over a wide area in a forest near the village of Prigorodny, east of Cherkessk, northern Caucasus. The tail of the plane was discovered 1.5 kilometers (0.93 miles) from the rest of the debris, suggesting that the plane may have disintegrated in mid-air. The 50 passengers on board were all killed.

## Cause

The accident investigation found that the aircraft, which had recently returned from an extended period of service in Congo, suffered massive corrosion which had caused the aircraft's tail to break off in flight.
The accident was blamed on a failure to detect corrosion during inspection, with the allowable time between inspections and maintenance being exceeded.
# Jõune

Jõune is a village in Jõgeva Parish, Jõgeva County in Estonia.
Härjanurme fish farm is located in the village.
# Beznazwa

Beznazwa is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Władysławów, within Turek County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) north-west of Władysławów, 17 km (11 mi) north of Turek, and 106 km (66 mi) east of the regional capital Poznań.
# Thermomechanical processing

Thermomechanical processing is a metallurgical process that combines mechanical or plastic deformation process like compression or forging, rolling, etc. with thermal processes like heat-treatment, water quenching, heating and cooling at various rates into a single process.

## Application in rebar steel

The quenching process produces a high strength bar from inexpensive low carbon steel. The process quenches the surface layer of the bar, which pressurizes and deforms the crystal structure of intermediate layers, and simultaneously begins to temper the quenched layers using the heat from the bar's core.
Steel billets 130mm² ("pencil ingots") are heated to approximately 1200°C to 1250°C in a reheat furnace. Then, they are progressively rolled to reduce the billets to the final size and shape of reinforcing bar. After the last rolling stand, the billet moves through a quench box. The quenching converts the billet's surface layer to martensite, and causes it to shrink. The shrinkage pressurizes the core, helping to form the correct crystal structures. The core remains hot, and austenitic. A microprocessor controls the water flow to the quench box, to manage the temperature difference through the cross-section of the bars. The correct temperature difference assures that all processes occur, and bars have the necessary mechanical properties.
The bar leaves the quench box with a temperature gradient through its cross section. As the bar cools, heat flows from the bar's centre to its surface so that the bar's heat and pressure correctly tempers an intermediate ring of martensite and bainite.
Finally, the slow cooling after quenching automatically tempers the austenitic core to ferrite and pearlite on the cooling bed.
These bars therefore exhibit a variation in microstructure in their cross section, having strong, tough, tempered martensite in the surface layer of the bar, an intermediate layer of martensite and bainite, and a refined, tough and ductile ferrite and pearlite core.
When the cut ends of TMT bars are etched in Nital (a mixture of nitric acid and methanol), three distinct rings appear: 1. A tempered outer ring of martensite, 2. A semi-tempered middle ring of martensite and bainite, and 3. a mild circular core of bainite, ferrite and pearlite. This is the desired micro structure for quality construction rebar.
In contrast, lower grades of rebar are twisted when cold, work hardening them to increase their strength. However, after thermo mechanical treatment (TMT), bars do not need more work hardening. As there is no twisting during TMT, no torsional stress occurs, and so torsional stress cannot form surface defects in TMT bars. Therefore TMT bars resist corrosion better than cold, twisted and deformed (CTD) bars.
After thermomechanical processing, some grades in which TMT Bars can be covered includes Fe: 415 /500 /550/ 600. These are much stronger compared with conventional CTD Bars and give up to 20% more strength to concrete structure with same quantity of steel.