OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Eighteen Kingdoms

The historiographical term "Eighteen Kingdoms" (Chinese: 十八國), also translated as "Eighteen States", refers to the eighteen fengjian states in China created by military leader Xiang Yu in 206 BCE, after the collapse of the Qin dynasty. The establishment and abolishment of the Eighteen Kingdoms marked the beginning and end of a turbulent interregnum known as the Chu–Han Contention.
The details of the feudal division are as follows:
| Name | Name (Chinese) | Ruler | Areas covered (in present-day China) | Fate |
| Western Chu | 西楚 | Xiang Yu | Jiangsu, northern Anhui, northern Zhejiang, eastern and southern Henan | Defeated by Liu Bang |
| Hàn | 漢/汉 | Liu Bang | Sichuan, Chongqing, southern Shaanxi | |
| Yong | 雍 | Zhang Han (Qin general) | central Shaanxi, and eastern Gansu | Defeated by Liu Bang |
| Sai | 塞 | Sima Xin (Qin general) | northeastern Shaanxi | Defeated by Liu Bang |
| Di(zhai) | 翟 | Dong Yi (Qin general) | northern Shaanxi | Defeated by Liu Bang |
| Hengshan | 衡山 | Wu Rui (Qin official supported by Yue tribes) | eastern Hubei, Jiangxi | Allies with Liu Bang |
| Hán | 韓 | Han Cheng (Hán royalty) | southwestern Henan | |
| Zhao, briefly called Dai | 趙/代 | Zhao Xie (Zhao royalty) | northern Shanxi, northwestern Hebei | Defeated by Liu Bang |
| Henan | 河南 | Shen Yang (Zhao official) | northwestern Henan | |
| Changshan | 常山 | Zhang Er (Zhao vice chancellor) | central Hebei | Allies with Liu Bang |
| Yin | 殷 | Sima Ang (Zhao general) | northern Henan, southern Hebei | Allies with Liu Bang |
| Western Wei | 西魏 | Wei Bao (Wei royalty) | southern Shanxi | Defeated by Liu Bang |
| Jiujiang | 九江 | Ying Bu (Chu general) | central and southern Anhui | Allies with Liu Bang (surrendered, originally a Chu general) |
| Linjiang | 臨江 | Gong Ao (Chu general) | western Hubei, northern Hunan | |
| Yan | 燕 | Zang Tu (Yan general) | northern Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin | Allies with Liu Bang |
| Liaodong | 遼東 | Han Guang (Yan royalty) | southern Liaoning | Surrendered to Liu Bang |
| Qi | 齊 or 齐 | Tian Du (Qi general) | western and central Shandong | Defeated by Liu Bang |
| Jiaodong | 膠東 | Tian Fu (Qi royalty) | eastern Shandong | |
| Jibei | 濟北 | Tian An (Qi rebel leader) | northern Shandong | |
The Eighteen Kingdoms were short-lived. Almost immediately rebellion broke out in Qi, after which Tian Rong conquered Jiaodong and Jibei, reuniting the old Qi state. Meanwhile, Xiang Yu had Emperor Yi of Chu and King Han Cheng of Hán killed. Thereafter, Liu Bang of Hàn conquered the lands of the Three Qins, thereby formally starting the Chu–Han Contention. Following many battles and changing alliances, Han defeated Chu and subdued all other kingdoms, where Liu Bang appointed vassal kings while making himself the first Emperor of the Han dynasty in 202 BCE.
# Eastern Caribbean Currency Union

The Eastern Caribbean Currency Union (ECCU) is one of the world's four regional currency unions. The union is a development of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States, in which the member countries agree to share the same currency, the Eastern Caribbean dollar (EC dollar).
The ECCU is composed of the nations of Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, and St. Vincent and the Grenadines and the British territories of Anguilla and Montserrat.
The ECCU economies are very small and vulnerable to impacts. Geographic barriers also pose a challenge for market integration, and high import and production costs affects economic activity. With a combined total population in 2013 of approximately 500,000 inhabitants and a 1998 GDP of $2.6 billion, the countries face risks from natural disasters.
The ECCU came into operation in 1983 when it replaced its predecessor, the Eastern Caribbean Currency Authority. The currency union operates under the supervision of the Eastern Caribbean Central Bank (ECCB).The ECCB maintains a stable currency by ensuring sufficient foreign reserves and setting borrowing limits for governments and banks. In 2009-2010, foreign reserve backing was 93.93%, well above the prescribed 60% requirement.
Before 1976, the EC dollar was pegged to the British pound sterling (GBP) at an exchange rate of EC$4.80 to £1.00. However, since 7 July 1976, the EC dollar has been pegged to the US dollar at a fixed rate of EC$2.70 to US$1.00. The fixed exchange rate allows for macroeconomic stability, low inflation, and growth of the financial system.
# Maybe Tomorrow (Stereophonics song)

"Maybe Tomorrow" is a song from Welsh rock band Stereophonics' fourth studio album, You Gotta Go There to Come Back (2003). Written and produced by Stereophonics frontman Kelly Jones, the song was released as a single on 21 July 2003 and peaked at number three on the UK Singles Chart. It also charted in several other countries, including the United States, where it reached the top five of the Billboard Triple-A chart.

## Background

Written and produced by Kelly Jones, "Maybe Tomorrow" was used as the opening theme of the movie Wicker Park (2004) and was played during the credits at the end of the Academy Award-winning movie Crash (2004). The track has more of a jazz ambience than some of their other songs; this and the whole album were considered a departure from the classic rock sound of previous album Just Enough Education to Perform.

## Reception and awards

The song became the band's second-highest chart position (alongside "The Bartender and the Thief"), peaking at number three on the UK Singles Chart in July 2003; it was their highest-charting song until "Dakota" reached number one in 2005. In January 2020 the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) awarded the song a platinum certification for sales and streams exceeding 600,000. Outside the United Kingdom, the song reached number 17 in the Netherlands, number 18 in Ireland, and number 33 in Italy. In the United States, the song became the second of three Stereophonics singles to appear on a Billboard chart, peaking at number five on the Adult Alternative Songs chart in January 2004.

## Credits and personnel

Credits are taken from the You Gotta Go There to Come Back album booklet.
Recording
* Written in June 2002 at Number 23
* Recorded between September and December 2002 at Hook End Manor (Checkendon, England)
* Mixed at Ocean Way (Hollywood, California)
* Mastered at Abbey Road Studios (London, England)
Personnel
* Kelly Jones – writing, vocals, guitar, Wurlitzer, Mellotron, production
* Richard Jones – bass
* Tony Kirkham – Mellotron, Rhodes
* Stuart Cable – drums
* "Whoever was in the room!" – percussion
* Andy Davies – recording assistant
* Jack Joseph Puig – mixing
* Jim Lowe – engineering
* Steve McNichol – Pro Tools engineering
* Chris Blair – mastering

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Platinum | 600,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format(s) | Label(s) |
| United Kingdom | 21 July 2003 | CDDVD | V2 |
| United Kingdom | 28 July 2003 | 7-inch vinyl | V2 |
| United States | 13 October 2003 | Triple A radio | V2 |
# Chief Medical Officer (Ireland)

The Chief Medical Officer (CMO) (Irish: an Príomh-Dhochtúir Oifigiúil) for Ireland is the most senior government advisor on health-related matters. It is a government post as the lead medical expert in the Department of Health.
The key responsibilities of the CMO include providing expert medical evidence, especially in public health matters, as well as leading on patient safety issues, emergency planning and other areas.

## History

The Government of Ireland appointed Dr James Deeny as its first Chief Medical Adviser in 1944. He was succeeded by Dr Charlie Lysaght who changed the name of the role to its current title of Chief Medical Officer.

## List of office-holders
### Chief Medical Adviser

* Dr James Deeny, 1944–1962
* Dr Charlie Lysaght, 1962–1965

### Chief Medical Officer

* Dr Jim Kiely, 1997–2008
* Dr Tony Holohan, 2008–2022
* Dr Ronan Glynn (acting), July–October 2020
* Professor Breda Smyth, November 2022–May 2024

### Deputy Chief Medical Officer

* Dr James Walsh, ?–1988
* Dr Tony Holohan, 2001–2008
* Dr Philip Crowley, 2008–2018
* Dr Ronan Glynn, 2018–2022
# Deutsche Technische Hochschule Brünn

The Deutsche Technische Hochschule Brünn was an institute of technology in Brno (German: Brünn). It existed from 1849 to 1945 and instruction was in German.
At the time, Brno was a multicultural city with both Czech and German populations. A technical university serving both nationalities was proposed, but fell through, resulting in the establishment of the Brno University of Technology in 1899. From 1860, the Deutsche Technische Hochschule was located on Komenského Square in Brno, and in 1910 a second building was built beside the first one.
During the Nazi occupation, it was planned for the university to be relocated to Linz, but this did not happen. In 1945, the Deutsche Technische Hochschule Brünn was closed and its property transferred to the Brno University of Technology.

## Literature

* ŠIŠMA, Pavel. Učitelé na německé technice v Brně 1849-1945. Praha: Společnost pro dějiny věd a techniky, 2004. 205 s. Práce z dějin techniky a přírodních věd; sv. 2. ISBN 80-239-3279-9.
* ŠIŠMA, Pavel. Zur Geschichte der Deutschen Technischen Hochschule in Brünn: Professoren, Dozenten und Assistenten 1849 - 1945. Linz: Trauner, 2009. ix, 192 s. Schriftenreihe Geschichte der Naturwissenschaften und der Technik; Bd. 13. ISBN 978-3-85499-451-0.
# Scincella cherriei

Scincella cherriei, commonly known as the brown forest skink and Cope's brown forest skink, is a species of lizard in the family Scincidae. The species is native to Central America and adjacent southeastern Mexico. Three subspecies are recognized.

## Etymology

The specific name, cherriei, is in honor of George Kruck Cherrie, who was an American naturalist and ornithologist.
The subspecific name, stuarti, is in honor of American herpetologist Laurence Cooper Stuart.

## Geographic range

S. cherriei is found in Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico (Puebla, Quintana Roo, Tabasco, Veracruz, Yucatán), and Nicaragua.

## Habitat

The preferred natural habitat of S. cherriei is forest, at altitudes from sea level to 1,860 m (6,100 ft).

## Diet

S. cherriei preys upon small invertebrates.

## Reproduction

S. cherriei is oviparous.

## Subspecies

The following three subspecies are recognized as being valid, including the nominotypical subspecies.
* Scincella cherriei cherriei (Cope, 1893)
* Scincella cherriei ixbaac (L. Stuart, 1940)
* Scincella cherriei stuarti (H.M. Smith, 1941)
Nota bene: A trinomial authority in parentheses indicates that the subspecies was originally described in a genus other than Scincella.
# Richard Gaisford

Richard Gaisford is a British journalist for ITV. He has worked on ITV Breakfast programmes since 2000 where he started as the Chief Correspondent of GMTV. He later joined GMTV's successor Daybreak in 2010 in the same role. He has continued as the Chief Correspondent of Good Morning Britain from 2014, as well as being an occasional relief newsreader on the programme. Richard occasionally reports for the ITV Lunchtime News.
In 2011, Gaisford was chosen to travel with Prince William and Kate Middleton to Canada on their first Royal Tour. He has also reported on the funerals of Pope John Paul II and Nelson Mandela. Additionally, Gaisford anchored coverage of the 2008 Olympics from Beijing and reported from South Africa during the World Cup in 2010 for GMTV.
He broadcast live from the devastated cities close to Fukushima, having previously reported from Thailand and Indonesia following the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami.

## Filmography
### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2000–2010 | GMTV | Chief Correspondent / Relief News Presenter | Weekdays |
| 2003–2005 | The Sunday Programme | Reporter | |
| 2010–2014 | Daybreak | Chief Correspondent, Stand-in Presenter (2010) | Weekdays |
| 2014- | Good Morning Britain | Chief Correspondent, Stand-in Newsreader | Weekdays |
| 2014- | Lorraine | Correspondent | Occasional |
| 2015- | ITV News | News Correspondent | Occasional |

## Personal life

His brother (Steve Gaisford) is also a journalist.
# Seodaesan

Seodaesan is a mountain of Chungcheongnam-do, western South Korea. It has an elevation of 904 metres.
# Wonhyosan

Wonhyosan is a mountain of Gyeongsangnam-do, southeastern South Korea. It has an elevation of 922 metres.
# Sunda

Sunda may refer to:

## Europe

* Sunda, Faroe Islands

## India

* Sunda (asura), an asura brother of Upasunda
* Sunda (clan), a clan (gotra) of Jats in Haryana and Rajasthan, India

## Southeast Asia

* Sundanese (disambiguation)
** Sundanese people
** Sundanese language
** Sundanese script
** Sundanese (Unicode block)
* Sunda Kingdom, a kingdom that existed in west part of Java island from the 7th century to the 16th century
* Kidung Sunda, a literary work that recounts the story of the "Battle of Bubat" between Sundanese and Javanese
* Sunda Kelapa, the old port of Jakarta located on the estuarine of Ciliwung River, the main port of the Sunda Kingdom
* Mount Sunda, an ancient extinct supervolcano that once existed in Priangan highland during Pleistocene age, the predecessor of Tangkuban Perahu, Burangrang, and Bukit Tunggul volcanoes
* Sunda Strait, the strait between Java and Sumatra
* Sunda Islands, a group of islands located in Maritime Southeast Asia
** Greater Sunda Islands
** Lesser Sunda Islands
* Sunda Shelf, part of the continental shelf of Southeast Asia, covered by the South China Sea which isolates islands such as Borneo, Sumatra and Java
* Sunda Trench, is an oceanic trench located in the Indian Ocean near Sumatra, formed where the Australian-Capricorn plates subduct under a part of the Eurasian Plate.
* Sunda Arc, volcanic arc that produced the volcanoes that form the topographic spine of the islands of Sumatra, Nusa Tenggara, and Java, the Sunda Strait and the Lesser Sunda Islands.
* Sundaland, a biogeographical region that comprises the Malay Peninsula and the Indonesian Archipelago islands west of the Wallace Line
# Garret Rangel

Garret Rangel is an American college football quarterback for the Oklahoma State Cowboys.

## Early life

Rangel grew up in Frisco, Texas and attended Lone Star High School. During high school, he completed 594 out of 862 passing attempts for 9,333 yards and 101 touchdowns. He was rated a three-star recruit and committed to play college football at Oklahoma State over offers from other schools such as Utah, Virginia Tech, Vanderbilt, Northwestern and Houston.

## College career

During Rangel's true freshman season in 2022, he played in four games and started in three while maintaining a redshirt. He made his first career start against Kansas where he completed 27 out of 40 passing attempts for 304 yards and two touchdowns. He finished the season with completing 59 out of 115 passing attempts with 711 passing yards, four touchdowns and five interceptions.
During the 2023 season, Rangel started the season opener before losing the starting quarterback competition to Alan Bowman.

### Statistics

| Season | Games | Games | Games | Passing | Passing | Passing | Passing | Passing | Passing | Passing | Passing | Rushing | Rushing | Rushing | Rushing |
| Season | GP | GS | Record | Cmp | Att | Pct | Yds | Avg | TD | INT | Rtg | Att | Yds | Avg | TD |
| Oklahoma State Cowboys ||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 4 | 3 | 0–3 | 59 | 115 | 51.3 | 711 | 6.2 | 4 | 5 | 106.0 | 26 | –5 | –0.2 | 0 |
| 2023 | 5 | 1 | 1–0 | 17 | 32 | 53.1 | 172 | 5.4 | 2 | 1 | 112.7 | 6 | 21 | 3.5 | 0 |
| 2024 | 4 | 1 | 0–1 | 17 | 33 | 51.5 | 192 | 5.8 | 2 | 1 | 114.3 | 9 | 91 | 10.1 | 0 |
| Career | 13 | 5 | 1–4 | 93 | 180 | 51.7 | 1,075 | 6.0 | 8 | 7 | 108.7 | 41 | 107 | 2.6 | 0 |
# Beneficial Financial Group

Beneficial Financial Group is an insurance and financial services company based in Salt Lake City, Utah. It is a subsidiary of Deseret Management Corporation (DMC), the for-profit arm of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). The company was founded in 1905 and as of its 2013 fiscal year end had assets of $3.0 billion. The insurance side of the company was known for many years as the Beneficial Life Insurance Company.
Beneficial is certified by the Insurance Marketplace Standards Association for ethical business practices. Beneficial held an "A+" (stable) rating from Standard & Poor's for financial strength as of 2006. However, S&P downgraded the rating to "A" due to exposure to Mortgage-backed security investments in the wake of the 2008 housing bubble, and warned of further possible devaluations unless DMC replenished some of Beneficial's capital as it deteriorates "from its currently strong level."
On June 16, 2009, it was announced that Beneficial would stop writing new policies at the end of August. DMC reiterated its commitment to back existing policies, but said Beneficial was too small to compete with larger insurers.
In 2019, David Nielsen, a former employee of the LDS Church's investment manager, Ensign Peak Advisors (EP), filed a whistleblower complaint with the Internal Revenue Service. Nielsen asserted that a portion of Beneficial's funding during a financial downturn had been provided by EP, a possible violation of federal tax rules. A statement from the church denied any wrongdoing, and claimed Nielsen's allegations were based on "limited information."

## Location

The company headquarters for many years was in the Beneficial Life Tower, directly above the ZCMI Center Mall. This office tower had the company name in large letters along the side, lit in blue at the top of the structure. The words Beneficial Life could be seen from quite a distance as the tower had an entirely unimpeded view of the Salt Lake Valley along the main artery known as State Street.
During the mid-1980s the Beneficial Life tower achieved notoriety when a rare breeding pair of peregrine falcons decided to take residence on the company letters on the north side of the building.
Around 2006, Beneficial moved to the former Kennecott building on an opposite corner of the same block. Both buildings remained while almost the entirety of the block was torn down, along with neighboring blocks of downtown Salt Lake City, and turned into a new development called the City Creek Center.
# Hägglunds Arena

Hägglunds Arena (formerly Swedbank Arena and Fjällräven Center) is an indoor sporting arena located in Örnsköldsvik, Sweden. The capacity of the arena is 7,265 for ice hockey games and 9,800 for concerts. The arena was opened on 26 August 2006.

## History

Ground was broken for the arena on 14 September 2004. The arena is located in downtown Örnsköldsvik, by the harbor, and is surrounded by water on three sides. It contains three spectator levels: one suite level, and two general seating levels. Other features include a restaurant and six bars. The atrium features a light display called Active Light Field, which makes the atrium change colors.
A number of small capacity reductions were made between 2008 and 2015, including expanding the restaurant area and later also building a VIP bar on parts of the standing area, which lowered the original maximum capacity for ice hockey from 7,600 to at least 7,049 spectators. In October 2021, however, a new extended standing section was inaugurated, raising the capacity again to 7,115 spectators.
In November 2009, it was announced that Fjällräven acquired the naming rights, and from January 1, 2010 until August 31, 2021 the arena was called Fjällräven Center. The naming rights were then purchased by BAE Systems Hägglunds and the Swedish Bosch Rexroth subsidiary, who renamed the venue to Hägglunds Arena for a period of five or ten years, starting September 1, 2021.

## Events

It replaced the older Kempehallen as the home arena of the Modo Hockey ice hockey team. It also hosted the 2008 European Curling Championships and the 2019 IIHF World U18 Championships.
The third heat of Melodifestivalen 2007, the first heat of Melodifestivalen 2010, the fourth heat of Melodifestivalen 2014 and of Melodifestivalen 2018, as well as the semi-final of Melodifestivalen 2023 were all hosted at the arena. Other notable music acts include Takida, Tomas Ledin, Alice Cooper, Thin Lizzy, Michael W. Smith and Kent. The arena also unsuccessfully applied to host the Eurovision Song Contest in 2016 and 2024.
# Frank J. Weess House

The Frank J. Weess House is a historic building located in Keokuk, Iowa, United States. Built from 1880 to 1881, it is considered a fine, although a rather restrained, example of the Second Empire style. The relative restraint of the rest of the house allows the architectural focus of the structure to be its rather elaborate main entrance and front porch. The two-strory brick structure is capped by a mansard roof with bracketed eaves and pedimented dormer windows. The windows on the rest of the house are capped with stone hoods. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.
Frank J. Wees was a native of the Netherlands and came to the United States in 1849. He was a butcher by trade and by 1860 he established a successful meat business in Keokuk. He also owned considerable amounts of real estate in the area.
# Salmah

Nji Siti Salmah (born 6 June 1926) is an Indonesian actress and singer whose career spanned the 1940s to the 1970s. Her varied career spanned film, stage, and radio. She was the part of Classical Indonesian Cinema.

## Early life

Nji Siti Salmah was born on 6 June 1926 in Buitenzorg, Dutch East Indies, as the youngest of five children from a Sundanese farmer family, and was raised in Tjiandjoer.

## Personal life

Salmah was married to Eddy Jono, an employee of PELNI, in 1946, and has one child. The couple separated in November 1954. In March 1955, Salmah resided in Kebon Kosong, Kemayoran, while Jono resided in Jatinegara.

## Career

Salmah started her career by joining the Dendang troupe during the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies. She later joined the Djantung Hati troupe. She joined the Miss Noni Beng Hwat Naut troupe as a singer and later became a friend with S. Waldy, who introduced her to Tan & Wong studio.
After the Indonesian National Revolution ended in 1949, Salmah was contracted by Tan & Wong with the Warnasari troupe. She made her film debut with Tirtonadi (1950), followed by Kembang Katjang (1950) and Nusa Kambangan (1950). She was the most productive actress in Tan & Wong's films from 1951 until 1952, where she appeared in seven films: Kusuma Hati (1951), Siti Aminah (1951), Fadjar Menjingsing (1951), Ternoda (1952), Chandra Dewi (1952), Maskawin (1952) and Tiga Benda Adjaib (1952). Most of her films were directed by Henry L. Duarte, an American director who established the Warnasari troupe.
In 1953, she was dismissed by Tan & Wong and moved to Golden Arrow. She starred in six films for Golden Arrow studio: Pangeran Hamid (1953), Empat Sekawan (1953), Burung Bitjara (1953), Harimau dan Merpati (1953), Tiga Saudari (1953) and Kelenting Kuning (1954).
During the production of Perobahan (1955), she replaced Nurnaningsih who was sacked because of absence. Salmah later took a 19-year break, returning to the industry in Arizal and Wisjnu Mouradhy's directed Gara-gara (1973). After she returned to industry, she was no longer offered leading roles, and instead took supporting roles in three more films in the 1970s (Anak yang Menderita (1974), Rintihan Gadis Buta (1976) and Duel Maut (1977)) before finally leaving the industry.

## Filmography

| Year | Film | Notes |
| 1950 | Tirtonadi | |
| 1950 | Kembang Katjang | |
| 1950 | Nusa Kambangan | Credited as Siti Salmah |
| 1951 | Kusuma Hati | |
| 1951 | Siti Aminah | |
| 1951 | Fadjar Menjingsing | |
| 1952 | Ternoda | |
| 1952 | Chandra Dewi | |
| 1952 | Mas Kawin | |
| 1952 | Tiga Benda Adjaib | |
| 1954 | Djandjiku Djandjimu | Uncredited |