# Siegfried Schnell

Siegfried Schnell (23 January 1916 – 25 February 1944) was a German military aviator who served in the Luftwaffe during World War II. As a fighter ace, he was credited with 93—that is, 93 aerial combat encounters resulting in the destruction of the enemy aircraft—claimed in an unknown number of combat missions. He had three victories on the Eastern Front and 90 over the Western Allies, including 12 four-engine bombers.
Born in Zielenzig, Schnell joined the Luftwaffe in 1936. At the start of World war II, he served with Jagdgeschwader 2 "Richthofen". He claimed his first aerial victory on 14 May 1940 during the Battle of France. On 7 November, he claimed his 20th aerial victory for which he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. On 1 July 1941, he was made a Staffelkapitän (squadron leader). He claimed his 45th aerial victory on 9 July for which he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, it was Germany's highest military decoration at the time of its presentation to Schnell.
On 1 May 1943, Schnell was appointed Gruppenkommandeur (group commander) of III. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 54 (JG 54—54th Fighter Wing) which was fighting in Defense of the Reich. On 1 February 1944, he was given command of IV. Gruppe of JG 54, based near Leningrad on the Eastern Front. Schnell was killed in action on 25 February 1944 during the Soviet Narva offensive when he was shot down by an opposing fighter near Narva, Estonia.

## Early life and career

Schnell was born on 23 January 1916 in Zielenzig, at the time in the Province of Brandenburg of the German Empire. A keen glider-pilot, he joined the Luftwaffe in 1936, and by the start of the war in 1939, he was a Feldwebel serving with 4. Staffel (4th squadron) of Jagdgeschwader 2 "Richthofen", named after the World War I fighter ace Manfred von Richthofen, under the command of Oberleutnant Hans "Assi" Hahn. The Staffel was subordinated to II. Gruppe (2nd group) which had been created on 15 December 1939 at Zerbst and placed under the command of Hauptmann Wolfgang Schellmann. The unit was formed from elements of both I. Gruppe of JG 2 and I. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 3 (JG 3—3rd Fighter Wing). The Gruppe was officially declared operational on 15 January 1940.

## World War II

At the start of the Battle of France, II. Gruppe of JG 2 was deployed on the northern sector of Army Group B and had been ordered to an airfield at Hamminkeln on 11 May. Initially subordinated to the IV. Fliegerkorps (4th Air Corps), the Gruppe flew fighter escort missions on the first three days of the campaign for Lehrgeschwader 1 (LG 1—1st Demonstration Wing), Kampfgeschwader 27 (KG 27—27th Bomber Wing) and Sturzkampfgeschwader 3 (StG 3—3rd Dive Bomber Wing) attacking targets in the Netherlands. On 14 May, II. Gruppe was ordered to Peer in Belgium where the Gruppe was placed under the command of the Stab of Jagdgeschwader 26 "Schlageter" (JG 26—26th Fighter Wing). That day, Schnell claimed his first aerial victory, a French Bloch 152 fighter.
Following the Armistice of 22 June 1940, combat operation concluded on 25 June. On 27 June, II. Gruppe was ordered to Beaumont-le-Roger, patrolling the English Channel and participated in the occupation of Guernsey on 1 July. Schnell claimed his first aerial victory during the Battle of Britain on 29 July when he shot down a Bristol Blenheim bomber northwest of Le Havre. On 7 November, off the Isle of Wight, as operations were slowing down and recently commissioned as a Leutnant (on 1 November), he claimed his 20th aerial victory. For this feat he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) on 9 November.

### Squadron leader

The focus of the airwar shifted in the next year to the Eastern Front, however Schnell stayed with JG 2 defending the West. On 1 July 1941, he was appointed as Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 9. Staffel of JG 2. He succeeded Oberleutnant Carl-Hans Röders who was killed in action on 23 June. On 3 July, III. Gruppe moved to St. Pol-Brias where it would be based for more than four months. That day, Schnell claimed a Supermarine Spitfire fighter shot down east of Gravelines, his first aerial victory as Staffelkapitän. The following day, he was credited with four further Spitfires shot down.
Soon after, he shot down nine Spitfires in just two days (8 – 9 July) to reach his 45th victory and was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub), at the time being one of the top pilots in JG 2. He continued to score consistently as the Royal Air Force (RAF) mounted heavier strikes into France, and temporarily held command of III. Gruppe from 9 December 1941 to the following 28 January while Gruppenkommandeur (group commander) Hans "Assi" Hahn was on leave. Schnell claimed a Handley Page Hampden bomber during Operation Donnerkeil. The objective of this operation was to give the German battleships Scharnhorst and Gneisenau and the heavy cruiser Prinz Eugen fighter protection in the breakout from Brest to Germany. The Channel Dash operation (11–13 February 1942) by the Kriegsmarine was codenamed Operation Cerberus by the Germans. In support of this, the Luftwaffe, formulated an air superiority plan dubbed Operation Donnerkeil for the protection of the three German capital ships. Over the Dieppe Raid on 19 August 1942, he shot down five Spitfires to reach his 70th victory, making him an "ace-in-a-day" for the second time. Schnell was promoted to Hauptmann of the Reserves on 1 February 1943.

### Group commander

After that his scoring rate slowed down as he focussed more on administration and command, and he led his unit in the changeover onto the new Focke-Wulf Fw 190—a very rugged dogfighter. In a misguided idea by High Command to rotate the fighter Gruppen between Western and Eastern Fronts, III. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 54 (JG 54—54th Fighter Wing) was transferred from the Eastern Front back to Germany for Defence of the Reich. Hauptmann Schnell, was given command of the unit on 1 May 1943 to train and lead the pilots in high-altitude interception rather than the low-level brawling they were used to on the Eastern Front. He had taken command of the Gruppe from Major Reinhard Seiler who was transferred. Command of his former 9. Staffel of JG 2 had already been passed on to Oberleutnant Josef Wurmheller on 1 April. On 11 January 1944, III. Gruppe defended against a raid flown by the United States Army Air Forces resulting in eleven Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress bombers shot down, including three by Schnell.
On 1 February 1944, he was given command of IV. Gruppe of JG 54, based near Leningrad, and he arrived on 11 February. He replaced Hauptmann Rudolf Sinner. As mentioned above, command transfers between fronts were rare, given the markedly different combat conditions, and unfortunately Schnell was not lucky to be able to adapt quickly enough. After less than a month and three further aerial victories, he was shot down and killed in his Messerschmitt Bf 109 G-6 (Werknummer 411675—factory number) over the Russian offensive for Narva on 25 February 1944. Posthumously, he was promoted to Major of the Reserves. He was succeeded by Hauptmann Gerhard Koall as commander of IV. Gruppe of JG 54.

## Summary of career
### Aerial victory claims

According to Spick and Zabecki, Schnell was credited with 93 aerial victories claimed in an unknown number combat missions. This figure includes 23 aerial victories during the Battle of France and Britain, further 64 aerial victories over the Western Front and six more on the Eastern Front. Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found documentation for 83 aerial victory claims, plus two further unconfirmed claims. All of his aerial victories were claimed over the Western Allies and includes ten four-engined bombers.
Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 05 Ost 1176". The Luftwaffe grid map (Jägermeldenetz) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about 360 square miles (930 km$^2$). These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area 3 km × 4 km (1.9 mi × 2.5 mi) in size.
Chronicle of aerial victories :
| This and the ♠ (Ace of spades) indicates those aerial victories which made Schnell an "ace-in-a-day", a term which designates a fighter pilot who has shot down five or more airplanes in a single day.  This and the – (dash) indicates unconfirmed aerial victory claims for which Schnell did not receive credit.  This along with the * (asterisk) indicates an Herausschuss (separation shot)—a severely damaged heavy bomber forced to separate from his combat box which was counted as an aerial victory.  This and the ? (question mark) indicates information discrepancies listed by Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike, Bock, Mathews and Foreman. ||||||||||
| Claim | Date | Time | Type | Location | Claim | Date | Time | Type | Location |
| – 4. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 2 "Richthofen" – Battle of France — 11 May – 25 June 1940 ||||||||||
| 1? | 3 June 1940 | — | French fighter | Épernay | 2? | 3 June 1940 | — | French fighter | Épernay |
| – 4. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 2 "Richthofen" – At the Channel and over England — 26 June 1940 – 21 June 1941 ||||||||||
| 3 | 29 July 1940 | 13:20 | Blenheim | northwest of Le Havre | | | | | |
| According to Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike and Bock, Schnell claimed his fourth aerial victory on either 4 or 16 August 1940. This claim is not listed by Mathews and Foreman. ||||||||||
| 5 | 30 August 1940 | 17:50 | Spitfire | | | 7 September 1940 | 17:38 | Spitfire | |
| 6 | 2 September 1940 | 18:00 | Hurricane | | | 8 September 1940 | 13:15 | Hurricane | |
| According to Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike and Bock, Schnell claimed two aerial victories on either 7 or 8 September 1940, one of which may be unconfirmed. These claims are not listed by Mathews and Foreman. ||||||||||
| 11 | 11 September 1940 | 17:05 | Spitfire | | 17 | 7 October 1940 | 13:42 | Spitfire | Southampton |
| 12 | 11 September 1940 | 17:12 | Spitfire | | 18 | 6 November 1940 | 13:40 | Spitfire | east of Southampton |
| 13 | 30 September 1940 | 17:55 | Spitfire | north of the Isle of Portland | 19 | 7 November 1940 | 15:30 | Hurricane | south of the Isle of Wight |
| 14 | 30 September 1940 | 18:00 | Hurricane | north of the Isle of Portland | 20 | 21 June 1941 | 16:48 | Spitfire | west of Le Touquet |
| 15 | 7 October 1940 | 17:55 | Spitfire | | 21 | 21 June 1941 | 16:49 | Spitfire | west of Le Touquet |
| 16 | 7 October 1940 | 13:39 | Spitfire | Southampton | | | | | |
| – 4. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 2 "Richthofen" – On the Western Front — 22–30 June 1941 ||||||||||
| 22 | 22 June 1941 | 16:20 | Spitfire | Saint-Omer-Gravelines | 27 | 25 June 1941 | 16:32 | Spitfire | Saint-Omer-Gravelines |
| 23 | 23 June 1941 | 20:19 | Spitfire | Pas-de-Calais | 28 | 25 June 1941 | 16:40 | Spitfire | Saint-Omer-Gravelines |
| 24 | 23 June 1941 | 20:20 | Blenheim | Pas-de-Calais | 29 | 26 June 1941? | 11:42 | Spitfire | Hazebrouck-Gravelines |
| 25 | 23 June 1941 | 20:22 | Blenheim | Pas-de-Calais | 30 | 27 June 1941 | 21:30 | Spitfire | Lille-Gravelines |
| 26 | 24 June 1941 | 20:44 | Spitfire | Gravelines-Ramsgate | 31 | 27 June 1941 | 21:32 | Spitfire | Lille-Gravelines |
| – 9. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 2 "Richthofen" – On the Western Front — 1 July – 31 December 1941 ||||||||||
| 32 | 3 July 1941 | 15:40 | Spitfire | east of Gravelines | 45♠ | 9 July 1941 | 16:22 | Spitfire | |
| 33 | 4 July 1941 | 15:05 | Spitfire | | 46 | 1 September 1941 | 19:22 | Blenheim | Cherbourg |
| 34 | 4 July 1941 | 15:07 | Spitfire | | 47 | 4 September 1941 | 16:03 | Whirlwind | north of Cherbourg |
| 35 | 4 July 1941 | 15:15 | Spitfire | | 48 | 4 September 1941 | 16:05 | Whirlwind | north of Cherbourg |
| 36 | 4 July 1941 | 16:43 | Spitfire | | 49 | 4 September 1941 | 16:07 | Hurricane | north of Cherbourg |
| 37 | 6 July 1941 | 14:40 | Spitfire | | 50 | 18 September 1941 | 17:37 | Spitfire | |
| 38 | 8 July 1941 | 06:45 | Spitfire | southwest of Bergues | 51 | 18 September 1941 | 17:40 | Spitfire | |
| 39 | 8 July 1941 | 15:45? | Spitfire | | 52 | 12 October 1941 | 17:10 | Spitfire | |
| 40♠ | 9 July 1941 | 13:57 | Spitfire | | 53 | 12 October 1941 | 17:15 | Spitfire | |
| 41♠ | 9 July 1941 | 13:59 | Spitfire | | 54 | 8 November 1941 | 15:32 | Spitfire | |
| 42♠ | 9 July 1941 | 14:05 | Spitfire | | 55 | 8 November 1941 | 15:35 | Spitfire | |
| 43♠ | 9 July 1941 | 16:10 | Spitfire | | 56 | 8 November 1941 | 15:37 | Spitfire | |
| 44♠ | 9 July 1941 | 16:20 | Spitfire | | | | | | |
| – 9. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 2 "Richthofen" – On the Western Front — 1 January – 31 December 1942 ||||||||||
| 57 | 3 June 1942 | 15:27 | Spitfire | | 66♠ | 19 August 1942 | 11:38 | Spitfire | west of Le Tréport |
| 58 | 3 June 1942 | 15:29 | Spitfire | | 67♠ | 19 August 1942 | 12:06 | Spitfire | northeast of Secqueville |
| 59 | 3 June 1942 | 15:34 | Spitfire | | 68♠ | 19 August 1942 | 15:32 | Spitfire | 15 km (9.3 mi) northwest of Dieppe |
| 60 | 3 June 1942 | 15:36 | Spitfire | | 69♠ | 19 August 1942 | 15:34 | Spitfire | 10 km (6.2 mi) northwest of Dieppe |
| 61 | 4 June 1942 | 12:48 | Spitfire | | 70♠ | 19 August 1942 | 15:42 | Spitfire | 20 km (12 mi) northwest of Dieppe |
| 62 | 4 June 1942 | 12:58 | Spitfire | | 71 | 8 November 1942 | 12:13 | Spitfire | PQ 05 Ost 1176 |
| 63 | 6 June 1942 | 17:14 | Spitfire | Cherbourg-Cap Lévi | 72 | 23 November 1942 | 13:46 | B-17 | southwest of Belle Île |
| 64 | 6 June 1942 | 17:16 | Spitfire | Cherbourg-Cap Lévi | 73 | 23 November 1942 | 11:52 | B-17 | southwest of Île de Groix |
| 65 | 26 June 1942 | 17:43 | Spitfire | Fécamp-Étretat | | | | | |
| – 9. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 2 "Richthofen" – On the Western Front — 1 January – 1 April 1943 ||||||||||
| 74 | 3 January 1943 | 11:42 | B-17 | PQ 14 West 4869 10 km (6.2 mi) southwest of Saint-Nazaire | 75 | 3 January 1943 | 11:47 | B-17 | PQ 14 West 3877 |
| – Stab III. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 54 – Defense of the Reich — 1 May – 31 December 1943 ||||||||||
| 76 | 21 May 1943 | 12:38? | B-17 | PQ 05 Ost S/74/1/1 7 km (4.3 mi) southeast of Jever | 82 | 27 July 1943 | 20:12 | Spitfire | 5 km (3.1 mi) west of Zandvoort |
| 77 | 21 May 1943 | 12:52? | B-17 | PQ 05 Ost S/75/7/2 | 83 | 27 July 1943 | 20:22 | Typhoon | 20 km (12 mi) west of Haarlem |
| 78 | 13 June 1943 | 09:30 | B-17 | Preetz | 84 | 30 July 1943 | 10:18 | B-17* | PQ 05 Ost S/HM-9 north of Arnhem |
| 79 | 25 July 1943 | 15:04 | Spitfire | north of Amsterdam 500 m (1,600 ft) north of Broek | 85 | 30 July 1943 | 10:37 | P-47 | PQ 05 Ost S/JK-7 southwest of Dordrecht |
| 80 | 25 July 1943 | 15:07 | Typhoon | 40 km (25 mi) west of Bergen northwest of IJmuiden | 86 | 9 October 1943 | 14:27 | B-17 | PQ 05 Ost S/PF-1 |
| 81 | 25 July 1943 | 20:12 | Typhoon | 25 km (16 mi) west of Zandvoort | | | | | |
| – Stab III. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 54 – Defense of the Reich — 1 January – 11 February 1944 ||||||||||
| 87 | 11 January 1944 | 12:00 | B-17 | | — | 11 January 1944 | — | B-17 | |
| — | 11 January 1944 | — | B-17 | | | | | | |

### Awards

* Iron Cross (1939)
** 2nd Class (10 June 1940)
** 1st Class (14 September 1940)
* German Cross in Gold on 16 July 1942 as Oberleutnant in the 9./Jagdgeschwader 52
* Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
** Knight's Cross on 9 November 1940 as Leutnant and pilot in the II./Jagdgeschwader 2 "Richthofen"
** 18th Oak Leaves on 9 July 1941 as Leutnant and pilot in the 9./Jagdgeschwader 2 "Richthofen"