OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Herpsilochmus

Herpsilochmus is a genus of insectivorous passerine birds in the antbird family (Thamnophilidae). They are found in forest, woodland and shrub in South America, although a single species the rufous-winged antwren (H. rufimarginatus) also occurs in Panama. All are relatively small antbirds that are sexually dichromatic. In most (but not all) species males are essentially light grey with a black crown and black-and-white wings, while females are more buff or rufous with black-and-white crown.
The genus Herpsilochmus was introduced by the German ornithologist Jean Cabanis in 1847. The name of genus combines the Ancient Greek words herpō "to creep about" and lokhmē "thicket" or "copse". The type species is the Bahia antwren.
The genus contains 17 species:
| Image | Common Name | Scientific Name | Distribution |
| | Ash-throated antwren | Herpsilochmus parkeri | Mayo River (Peru) |
| | Creamy-bellied antwren | Herpsilochmus motacilloides | Peru |
| | Predicted antwren | Herpsilochmus praedictus | Juruá and Madeira interfluve |
| | Aripuana antwren | Herpsilochmus stolzi | Aripuanã River |
| - | Black-capped antwren | Herpsilochmus atricapillus | Brazil, eastern Bolivia and Paraguay |
| | Bahia antwren | Herpsilochmus pileatus | Bahia coastal forests |
| - | Spot-tailed antwren | Herpsilochmus sicturus | Guiana Shield |
| | Dugand's antwren | Herpsilochmus dugandi | western Amazonia |
| - | Todd's antwren | Herpsilochmus stictocephalus | Guiana Shield |
| | Ancient antwren | Herpsilochmus gentryi | northern Peru |
| | Spot-backed antwren | Herpsilochmus dorsimaculatus | northern Amazonia |
| - | Roraiman antwren | Herpsilochmus roraimae | tepuis |
| | Pectoral antwren | Herpsilochmus pectoralis | Caatinga |
| | Large-billed antwren | Herpsilochmus longirostris | Cerrado |
| | Yellow-breasted antwren | Herpsilochmus axillaris | northern Andes |
| | Rusty-winged antwren | Herpsilochmus frater | northern South America |
| | Rufous-margined antwren | Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus | southern Atlantic Forest and Selva Misionera |
* Ash-throated antwren, Herpsilochmus parkeri
* Creamy-bellied antwren, Herpsilochmus motacilloides
* Predicted antwren, Herpsilochmus praedictus
* Aripuana antwren, Herpsilochmus stotzi
* Black-capped antwren, Herpsilochmus atricapillus
* Bahia antwren or pileated antwren, Herpsilochmus pileatus
* Spot-tailed antwren, Herpsilochmus sticturus
* Dugand's antwren, Herpsilochmus dugandi
* Todd's antwren, Herpsilochmus stictocephalus
* Ancient antwren, Herpsilochmus gentryi
* Spot-backed antwren, Herpsilochmus dorsimaculatus
* Roraiman antwren, Herpsilochmus roraimae
* Pectoral antwren, Herpsilochmus pectoralis
* Large-billed antwren, Herpsilochmus longirostris
* Yellow-breasted antwren, Herpsilochmus axillaris
* Rusty-winged antwren, Herpsilochmus frater
* Rufous-margined antwren, Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus
# 2023 Karachi Express train fire

On 27 April 2023, early in the morning, a fire broke out in a coach of the Karachi Express train, leaving at least seven people dead, including four children and a woman. The event happened as the train was traveling from Karachi to Lahore in Sindh's Khairpur district near Tando Masti Khan. It is yet unknown what started the fire.

## Background

Before the train arrived at the Rohri station, the railway authorities reported that the fire had begun in the business class compartment. The train's driver halted travel and began removing passengers. The fire was extinguished, and the rescue mission was over. Following the afflicted cabin's separation from other compartments, the affected train continued on its route to Khairpur. A woman allegedly perished while attempting to jump from the train to escape the fire, according to the authorities.
Khawaja Saad Rafique, Minister of Federal Railways and Aviation, commissioned an investigation into the event. The investigative team arrived in Khairpur to ascertain the origin of the fire and any potential government negligence.

## Reactions

Caretaker Punjab Chief Minister Mohsin Naqvi expressed his sorrow over the loss of lives. He sought a report from the commissioner and RPO Faisalabad and directed to take legal action against the driver responsible for the negligence that led to the incident. The CM also instructed that the best medical facilities be provided to those who were injured in the accident.
Speaking about the incident during a National Assembly session, Railways Minister Khawaja Saad Rafique suggested that sabotage may have been involved. The minister promised a comprehensive investigation into the incident, which would reveal why the woman had to leap and how long it took the train to halt when the chain was pulled. The minister emphasized the necessity for provincial funding to increase rail safety and security measures in order to prevent further tragedies.
# Tom Bradshaw (farmer)

Thomas William Bradshaw (born July 1982) is a British farmer who has served as president of the National Farmers' Union of England and Wales since 2024.

## Family and education

Bradshaw was born in 1982 to David and Alison Bradshaw, who ran a family-owned arable and dairy farm in Fordham, Essex. He has an older and a younger brother. He was educated at nearby Colchester Royal Grammar School and earned a degree in agricultural business management from Imperial College at Wye in Kent.
Bradshaw and his wife Emily are the parents of two children.

## Career

After graduating from university, Bradshaw took over the management of his family's farm in North Essex while also operating a contract farming business covering 950 hectares of combinable crops, including wheat, barley and oilseed rape. He helped to diversify the business away from dairy farming to include equestrian activities and renewable energy production.
In 2010 Bradshaw was awarded a Nuffield farming scholarship, enabling him to observe agricultural practices in the United States, Australia, New Zealand and Europe.
Bradshaw joined the combinable crops board of the National Farmers' Union of England and Wales (NFU) in 2014 and became chair of its national crops board in 2018. In 2019 he was appointed NFU vice-president, then deputy president. He was elected president of the NFU in February 2024.
In November 2024 Bradshaw gave a speech at Church House in London during protests by farmers against the government's plans to change inheritance tax on agricultural land, and in January 2025 he delivered a petition signed by 270,000 members of the public to 10 Downing Street, urging the government to overturn the policy.
# Lukáš Daněk

Lukáš Daněk (born 19 September 1997) is a Czech Nordic combined skier. He competed in the 2018 Winter Olympics and the 2022 Winter Olympics.
# Quebec Route 325

Route 325 is a Quebec provincial highway located in the Montérégie region near the Ontario-Quebec border. The 43-kilometer highway runs from south to north from Rivière-Beaudette at the junction of Route 338 (just south of Autoroute 20) to Rigaud at the junction of Route 342.

## Municipalities along Route 325

* Rivière-Beaudette
* Saint-Télesphore
* Sainte-Justine-de-Newton
* Très-Saint-Rédempteur
* Rigaud

## Major intersections

| RCM or ET | Municipality | Km | Junction | Notes |
| Southern terminus of Route 325 |||||
| Vaudreuil-Soulanges | Rivière-Beaudette | 0.0 | R-338 | 338 WEST: to South Glengarry, Ontario 338 EAST: to Saint-Zotique |
| Vaudreuil-Soulanges | Rivière-Beaudette | 0.6 0.9 | A-20 | 20 EAST: to Saint-Zotique 20 WEST: to South Glengarry, Ontario |
| Vaudreuil-Soulanges | Saint-Télesphore | 10.6 | R-340 | 340 WEST: to South Glengarry, Ontario 340 EAST: to Saint-Polycarpe |
| Vaudreuil-Soulanges | Sainte-Justine-de-Newton | 21.2 | Chemin Bedard | WEST: to North Glengarry, Ontario |
| Vaudreuil-Soulanges | Très-Saint-Rédempteur | 31.0 | Chemin du Ruban | WEST: to East Hawkesbury, Ontario |
| Vaudreuil-Soulanges | Rigaud | 42.0 | R-342 | 342 WEST: to Pointe-Fortune 342 EAST: to Saint-Lazare |
| Northern terminus of Route 325 |||||
# Abarkuh County

Abarkuh County (Persian: شهرستان ابرکوه) is in Yazd province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Abarkuh.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the county's population was 42,610 in 11,660 households. The following census in 2011 counted 46,662 people in 13,640 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the county as 51,552 in 16,026 households.

### Administrative divisions

Abarkuh County's population history and administrative structure over three consecutive censuses are shown in the following table.
Abarkuh County Population :
| Administrative Divisions | 2006 | 2011 | 2016 |
| Central District | 29,609 | 33,217 | 36,907 |
| Faragheh RD | 3,102 | 3,439 | 3,456 |
| Tirjerd RD | 5,513 | 5,792 | 5,927 |
| Abarkuh (city) | 20,994 | 23,986 | 27,524 |
| Bahman District | 13,001 | 13,429 | 14,196 |
| Esfandar RD | 3,824 | 3,992 | 4,044 |
| Mehrabad RD | 1,976 | 2,047 | 2,055 |
| Mehrdasht (city) | 7,201 | 7,390 | 8,097 |
| Total | 42,610 | 46,662 | 51,552 |
| RD = Rural District ||||
# Pulmonary regurgitation

Pulmonary (or pulmonic) regurgitation (or insufficiency, incompetence) is a condition in which the pulmonary valve is incompetent and allows backflow from the pulmonary artery to the right ventricle of the heart during diastole. While a small amount of backflow may occur ordinarily, it is usually only shown on an echocardiogram and is harmless. More pronounced regurgitation that is noticed through a routine physical examination is a medical sign of disease and warrants further investigation. If it is secondary to pulmonary hypertension it is referred to as a Graham Steell murmur.

## Signs and symptoms

Because pulmonic regurgitation is the result of other factors in the body, any noticeable symptoms are ultimately caused by an underlying medical condition rather than the regurgitation itself. However, more severe regurgitation may contribute to right ventricular enlargement by dilation, and in later stages, right heart failure. A diastolic decrescendo murmur can sometimes be identified,( heard best) over the left lower sternal border.

## Causes

Among the causes of pulmonary insufficiency are:
* Pulmonary hypertension
* Infective endocarditis
* Rheumatic heart disease
* Connective tissue disease
* Carcinoid syndrome
* Congenital abnormalities
* Tetralogy of Fallot,
* Prosthetic heart valve

## Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology is due to diastolic pressure variations between the pulmonary artery and right ventricle, differences are often very small, but increase regurgitation. An elevation in pulmonary insufficiency due to elevated intrathoracic pressure is relevant in ventilated patients (having acute restrictive right ventricular physiology). The reasons for changes in stiffness of the right ventricle's walls are not well understood, but such stiffness is thought to increase with hypertrophy of the ventricle.

## Diagnosis

In the diagnosis of pulmonary regurgitation both echocardiograms and ECG is used to ascertain if the individual has this condition, as well as, the use of a chest X-ray to expose enlargement of the right atrium or ventricle.

## Treatment

In treating pulmonary regurgitation, it should be determined if pulmonary hypertension is causing the problem to therefore begin the most appropriate therapy as soon as possible (primary pulmonary hypertension or secondary pulmonary hypertension due to thromboembolism). Furthermore, pulmonary regurgitation is generally treated by addressing the underlying condition, in certain cases, the pulmonary valve may be surgically replaced.
# 2023 Kabal explosions

On 24 April 2023, an explosion in the Counter-Terrorism Department building in Kabal, Swat Valley, Pakistan, killed at least 17 people and wounded more than 50 others. Although the origin of the explosion is still being looked into, it is assumed that either an ancient ammo store or the explosive material kept in the building's basement caught fire.
Although their role is unconfirmed, Tehreek-e-Jihad Pakistan (TJP) claimed responsibility for the attack a day later.

## Background

The Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) has been implicated in a number of recent attacks against security personnel. Up until 2014, the TTP ruled over the Swat Valley and other regions of northwest Pakistan until significant degradation by the Pakistani military.

## Investigation

According to Sharifullah Khan, a police official in Kabal, the explosions were caused by a fire that started in the basement of the CTD building, where explosives were being kept. The authorities were looking into whether it was an attack, but provincial police chief Akhtar Hayat believes that old ammunition storage in the building may have caused the explosion. The explosion did not seem to be an act of terrorism, according to Sohail Khalid, the regional head of the counter-terrorism division, who spoke to Reuters. The Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif has called for a probe.
# Václav Korunka

Václav Korunka (Czech pronunciation:; born December 25, 1965, in Jilemnice) is a former Czech cross-country skier who raced from 1988 to 1999. He earned a bronze medal in the 4 × 10 km relay at the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary while his best individual Winter Olympics finish was a 13th in the 50 km event in 1992.
Korunka also won a bronze medal in the 4 × 10 km relay at the 1989 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships. His best individual finish at the World Championships was an eight in the 15 km event in those same championships.
Korunka won three FIS races in his career as well.

## Cross-country skiing results

All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).

### Olympic Games

* 1 medal – (1 bronze)
| Year | Age | 10 km | 15 km | Pursuit | 30 km | 50 km | 4 × 10 km  relay |
| 1988 | 22 | — | 28 | — | — | — | Bronze |
| 1992 | 26 | 17 | — | 14 | — | 13 | 7 |
| 1994 | 28 | 59 | — | 37 | — | — | 8 |

### World Championships

* 1 medal – (1 bronze)
| Year | Age | 10 km | 15 km  classical | 15 km  freestyle | Pursuit | 30 km | 50 km | 4 × 10 km  relay |
| 1989 | 23 | — | 8 | 14 | — | — | — | Bronze |
| 1991 | 25 | 13 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1993 | 27 | 23 | — | — | 16 | — | 9 | 8 |
| 1995 | 29 | 30 | — | — | — | — | 24 | — |
| 1997 | 31 | — | — | — | — | 21 | 38 | 8 |
| 1999 | 33 | 32 | — | — | 45 | 42 | — | 8 |

### World Cup
#### Season standings

| Season | Age |
| Season | Age | Overall | Long Distance | Sprint |
| 1988 | 22 | 38 | — | — |
| 1989 | 23 | 18 | — | — |
| 1990 | 24 | 32 | — | — |
| 1991 | 25 | 16 | — | — |
| 1992 | 26 | 36 | — | — |
| 1993 | 27 | 11 | — | — |
| 1994 | 28 | 56 | — | — |
| 1995 | 29 | 65 | — | — |
| 1996 | 30 | 31 | — | — |
| 1997 | 31 | 57 | 57 | 63 |
| 1998 | 32 | NC | NC | — |
| 1999 | 33 | 106 | NC | NC |

#### Individual podiums

* 3 podiums
| No. | Season | Date | Location | Race | Level | Place |
| 1 | 1990–91 | 5 January 1991 | Minsk, Soviet Union | 15 km Individual F | World Cup | 3rd |
| 2 | 1992–93 | 12 December 1992 | Ramsau, Austria | 10 km Individual F | World Cup | 3rd |
| 3 | 1992–93 | 7 March 1993 | Lahti, Finland | 30 km Individual F | World Cup | 3rd |

#### Team podiums

* 3 podiums – (3 RL)
| No. | Season | Date | Location | Race | Level | Place | Teammates |
| 1 | 1987–88 | 4 February 1988 | Calgary, Canada | 4 × 10 km Relay F | Olympic Games | 3rd | Nyč / Benc / Švanda |
| 2 | 1988–89 | 24 February 1989 | Lahti, Finland | 4 × 10 km Relay C/F | World Championships | 3rd | Švanda / Petrásek / Nyč |
| 3 | 1989–90 | 11 March 1990 | Örnsköldsvik, Sweden | 4 × 10 km Relay C/F | World Cup | 3rd | Švanda / Buchta / Nyč |
Note: $^1$ Until the 1999 World Championships and the 1994 Winter Olympics, World Championship and Olympic races were included in the World Cup scoring system.
# John Kneebone

John Thomas Kneebone CMG (4 September 1935 – 28 June 2020) was a New Zealand local politician and farming leader. He was a member of the Matamata County Council from 1959 to 1967, and was president of Federated Farmers between 1974 and 1977.

## Early life and family

Born in Matamata on 4 September 1935, Kneebone was educated at Hinuera School and Matamata College. On 11 December 1965, he married Kay Alexander, and the couple went on to have three children.

## Career

Kneebone was a farmer and company director, and was active in local politics and as a farming leader. He was an elected member of the Matamata County Council between 1959 and 1967. He was elected as president of Federated Farmers in 1974, and served in that position until 1977. He was appointed to the Waitangi Tribunal in 1989, and served for 17 years. He was the inagural chair of the Lake Taupo Protection Trust, established to administer an $81.5 million fund to protect the water quality of Lake Taupo. In
Kneebone was the inspiration behind the National Agricultural Fieldays, established in 1969, after visiting the United Kingdom on a Nuffield Scholarship in 1966. He also served as a member of the Land Settlement Board and the Soil Conservation and Rivers Control Council.
In the 1988 New Year Honours, Kneebone was appointed a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George, for public services and services to agriculture.

## Death

Kneebone died in Cambridge on 28 June 2020.
# LeBoeuf

LeBoeuf, Le Boeuf, LeBœuf or Le Bœuf may refer to:

## People

* Al LeBoeuf (born 1960), American baseball coach
* David LeBoeuf (born 1989), American politician
* Edmond Le Bœuf (1809–1888), French general, Marshal of France
* Frank Leboeuf (born 1968), French footballer, actor, and sports commentator
* Henry Le Bœuf (1874–1935), Belgian banker, patron of the arts, and music lover
* Laurence Leboeuf (born 1985), Canadian actress
* Michael LeBoeuf, American business author and management professor
* Remy Le Boeuf (born 1986), American jazz saxophonist, composer, and multi-instrumentalist
* Shia LaBeouf (born 1986), American actor, performance artist, and filmmaker

## Other uses

* Fort Le Boeuf, a fort that was located near present-day Waterford, Pennsylvania
* Lake LeBoeuf, a lake in Pennsylvania, United States
* Le Boeuf Brothers, a modern jazz group
* LeBoeuf Township, Erie County, Pennsylvania
* LeBoeuf Creek (disambiguation), several watercourses
* LeBoeuf, Lamb, Greene & MacRae, a law firm
* Le Bœuf sur le toit, musical composition by Darius Milhaud, used in a ballet of the same name
* Le Boeuf sur le Toit (cabaret), a cabaret in Paris
# Chlum-Korouhvice

Chlum-Korouhvice is a municipality in Žďár nad Sázavou District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 40 inhabitants.
Chlum-Korouhvice lies approximately 28 kilometres (17 mi) east of Žďár nad Sázavou, 57 km (35 mi) east of Jihlava, and 148 km (92 mi) south-east of Prague.

## Administrative division

Chlum-Korouhvice consists of two municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
* Chlum (34)
* Korouhvice (6)
# Eva Paulusová-Benešová

Eva Paulusová-Benešová (19 February 1937 – 18 October 2017) was a Czech cross-country skier. She competed at the 1956 Winter Olympics and the 1964 Winter Olympics.

## Cross-country skiing results
### Olympic Games

| Year | Age | 5 km | 10 km | 3 × 5 km  relay |
| 1956 | 19 | — | 28 | 6 |
| 1964 | 27 | 22 | 21 | 6 |

### World Championships

| Year | Age | 5 km | 10 km | 3 × 5 km  relay |
| 1958 | 21 | — | 25 | 5 |
| 1962 | 25 | — | — | 6 |
# Mota Lava Airport

Mota Lava Airport (IATA: MTV, ICAO: NVSA) is an airport located on the island of Mota Lava, one of the Banks Islands in the Torba province in Vanuatu. Also known as Valua Airport, it is located on the eastern end of Motalava island, near the village of Aplow (formerly known as Valuwa).

## Characteristics

The airport is situated at an elevation of 63 feet (19 m) above mean sea level. It has one runway, 900 metres (2,953 ft) in length.
Out of the four airports in the Torba province, Valua Airport has the length and reliability advantage. Air Vanuatu coordinates all maintenance and rehabilitation programs of the building facilities, including the runway. Identical to other island aircraft ports throughout the archipelago, safety and security fencing is still lacking.
Valua airport is 12 km from the island's main center. There may be one or two four-wheel drive vehicles available on some flights, but their availability is not guaranteed. One can also hike to the island's center by foot in just under three hours. Water sources are scarce and many are unsafe for drinking. At times there are road markets, basically non-cooked island crops up for sale, with hot meals being occasionally served. No clinic or restroom can be found near the airport boundary.

## Airlines and destinations

| Airlines | Destinations |
| Air Vanuatu | Luganville |
# Galium odoratum

Galium odoratum, the sweet woodruff or sweetscented bedstraw, is a flowering perennial plant in the family Rubiaceae, native to much of Europe. It is widely cultivated for its flowers and its sweet-smelling foliage.

## Description

A herbaceous plant, it grows to 25–50 cm (10–19+1⁄2 in) long, often lying flat on the ground or supported by other plants. The leaves are simple, lanceolate, glabrous, 2–5 cm (3⁄4–2 in) long, and borne in whorls of 6–9. The small (4–7 mm diameter) flowers are produced in cymes, each white with four petals joined together at the base. The fruits are 2–4 mm diameter, produced singly, and each is covered in tiny hooked bristles which help disperse them by sticking temporarily to clothing and animal fur.
It owes its sweet smell to the presence of the compound coumarin.
* Fruits

## Distribution and habitat

The plant is native to much of Europe from Spain and Ireland to Russia, as well as Western Siberia, Turkey, Iran, the Caucasus, China and Japan. It is also sparingly naturalised in scattered locations in the United States and Canada.

## Ecology

This plant prefers partial to full shade in moist, rich soils. In dry summers it needs frequent watering. Propagation is by crown division, separation of the rooted stems, or digging up of the barely submerged perimeter stolons. It is ideal as a groundcover or border accent in woody, acidic gardens where other shade plants fail to thrive. In the Northeast United States, deer and chickens avoid eating it.

## Toxicity

Industrial usage of the plant for sweets was prohibited in Germany in 1974, due to coumarin, the flavorant found in woodruff, being toxic to rats and mice in studies. It has however not been found to be harmful to humans, even in large doses, in which it follows a different metabolic pathway. The flavour is still popular for sweets in Germany, but is achieved artificially with 6-methyl coumarin. Products targeted towards adults, such as alcoholic drinks, are still permitted to include coumarin, in limited quantities.

## Uses

It is widely cultivated for its flowers and its sweet-smelling foliage.
As the epithet odoratum suggests, the plant is strongly scented, the sweet scent being derived from coumarin. This scent increases on wilting and then persists on drying, and the dried plant is used in potpourri and as a moth deterrent. It was, and partially is, used to flavour May wine (called Maibowle or Maitrank in German), sweet juice punch, syrup for beer (Berliner Weisse), brandy, jelly, jam, a soft drink (Tarhun, which is Georgian), ice cream, and herbal tea. Also very popular are sweet woodruff flavoured jellies, with and without alcohol. In Germany, where it is called Waldmeister, it was and to some extent still is also used to flavour sherbet powder, that features prominently in Günter Grass's novel The Tin Drum (1959).