# Cherkasy Oblast

Cherkasy Oblast (Ukrainian: Черкаська область, romanized: Cherkaska oblast, IPA:), also referred to as Cherkashchyna (Ukrainian: Черкащина, IPA:) is an oblast (province) in central Ukraine located along the Dnieper River. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Cherkasy. The current population of the oblast is 1,160,744 (2022 estimate).

## Geography

Spanning 20,900 square kilometres (8,100 sq mi), Cherkasy Oblast is the 18th largest oblast of Ukraine, comprising about 3.5% of the area of the country. The south flowing Dnieper River with the hilly western bank and the plain eastern bank divides the oblast into two unequal parts. The larger western part belongs to the Dnieper Upland. The low-lying eastern part of the oblast used to be subject to the frequent Dnieper flooding before the flow of the river became controlled by multiple dams of Hydroelectric Power Plants constructed along the river in the 20th century.
The oblast extends for 245 km from south-west to north-east, and for 150 km from north to south. The northernmost point of the oblast is located is near the village of Kononivka in Zolotonosha Raion (district), the southernmost point near the village of Kolodyste in Zvenyhorodka Raion, the westernmost point near the village of Korytnya in Uman Raion, and the easternmost point near the village of Stetsivka in Cherkasy Raion. The geometric centre of the oblast is located near the village Zhuravky of Horodyshche Raion. The oblast borders Kyiv Oblast to the north, Kirovohrad Oblast to the south, Poltava Oblast to the east, and Vinnytsia Oblast to the west.

## History

Cherkasy Oblast was created as part of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic on 7 January 1954 by the ukase of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet. On 26 April 1954 the ukase was approved by the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union.
The oblast's territory was the major cities of Cherkasy, Smila and Uman, their corresponding raions (districts), as well as 30 former raions of the Vinnytsia, Kyiv, Kirovohrad and Poltava Oblasts.
Archaeological discoveries have shown that people have inhabited the valley of the Dnieper River since time immemorial. The oldest objects excavated on the territory of the region date back to the Stone Age – the Palaeolithic period.

## Administrative divisions

Since July 2020, Cherkasy Oblast is administratively subdivided into 4 raions (districts). These are further divided into 66 hromadas (communities).
The following data incorporates the number of each type of administrative divisions of Cherkasy Oblast:
* Administrative Center — 1 (Cherkasy)
* Raions — 4
* Hromadas — 66, including:
** Urban hromadas — 16
** Settlement hromadas — 10
** Rural hromadas — 40
The local administration of the oblast is controlled by the Cherkasy Oblast Rada. The governor of the oblast is the Cherkasy Oblast Rada speaker, appointed by the President of Ukraine.
Since July 2020, Cherkasy Oblast consists of four raions:
| Name | Ukrainian Name | Administrative center | Area (km$^2$) | Population estimate 2021 |
| Cherkasy Raion | Черкаський район | Cherkasy | 6,878.0 | 583,648 |
| Uman Raion | Уманський район | Uman | 4,528.3 | 247,847 |
| Zolotonosha Raion | Золотоніський район | Zolotonosha | 4,246.1 | 135,445 |
| Zvenyhorodka Raion | Звенигородський район | Zvenyhorodka | 5,278.5 | 193,804 |
| Total Oblast | Черкаська область | Cherkasy | 20,903 | 1,160,744 |
The region has 16 populated places designated as cities (towns). The only one with the population over 100 thousands is Cherkasy. Uman and Smila are in the range between 80 and 90 thousands, and all others are below 30 thousands.

## Demographics

The current estimated population is 1,335,064 (as of 2006).
According to the 2001 Ukrainian census, the oblast's population is almost equally divided between the urban and rural areas (53.7% and 46.3%, respectively). The demographic situation in this largely agricultural territory is somewhat complicated by population ageing.
By ethnic composition, Ukrainians represent the overwhelming majority of the oblast's population (93.1%). Ethnic Russians are the second group of population (5.4%), and are concentrated mainly in the city of Cherkasy.

### Age structure

    0-14 years: 13.4% (male 87,557/female 82,340)
    15-64 years: 69.1% (male 417,426/female 457,390)
    65 years and over: 17.5% (male 72,835/female 147,711) (2013 official)

### Median age

    total: 41.7 years
    male: 38.4 years
    female: 45.0 years (2013 official)

## Economy

The economy of the Cherkasy Oblast is largely dominated by agriculture. While the winter wheat and sugar beets are the main products grown in the oblast, barley, corn, tobacco and hemp are also grown. Cattle breeding is also important.
The industry is mainly concentrated in Cherkasy, the oblast's capital and the largest city. A chemical industry was developed in the city in late 1960s in addition to machine building, furniture making and agricultural processing.

## Nomenclature

Most of Ukraine's oblasts are named after their capital cities, officially referred to as "oblast centers" (Ukrainian: обласний центр, romanized: oblasnyi tsentr). The name of each oblast is a relative adjective, formed by adding a feminine suffix to the name of respective center city: Cherkasy is the center of the Cherkaska oblast (Cherkasy Oblast). Most oblasts are also sometimes referred to in a feminine noun form, following the convention of traditional regional place names, ending with the suffix "-shchyna", as is the case with the Cherkasy Oblast, Cherkashchyna.

## Education

There are 5 universities in the region:
* The Bohdan Khmelnytsky National University of Cherkasy
* Cherkasy State Technological University
* Uman National University Of Horticulture
* Pavlo Tychyna Uman State Pedagogical University
* East European University of Economics and Management (private)

## Attractions

* Sofiivka
* Fatherland of Taras Shevchenko
* Trypillian culture
* Shevchenko National preserve
* Martynivka Treasure housed in Kyiv

## Gallery

* Museum of Taras Shevchenko
* Leskove Palace
* Hunting castle, Talne
* Lopukhin-Demidov princes palace in Korsun-Shevchenkivskyi
* Transfiguration Church in Moshny
* Station named after Taras Shevchenko
* Arboretum "Sofiivka", Uman
* Zalizniak's Oak
* Kholodnyi Yar National Nature Park
* River near Korsun-Shevchenkivskyi
* Buky Canyon
* Kaniv Hills by the Dnieper
* Reconstruction of a Trypillian house in Lehedzyne