# List of Central European countries by development indexes

This is a partial list of Central European countries by development indexes such as the Globalisation index, Human Development Index, Press Freedom Index, Legatum Prosperity Index, EF English Proficiency Index, and other statistical measures and rankings.
The concept of what countries belong to Central Europe is not well-defined, so tables or lists below may show different countries listed.

## Economy
### Human Development Index

Countries in descending order of Human Development Index (2022 data):
* Switzerland: 0.967 (ranked 1)
* Germany: 0.950 (ranked 7)
* Liechtenstein: 0.942 (ranked 12)
* Austria: 0.926 (ranked 22)
* Slovenia: 0.926 (ranked 22)
* Czech Republic: 0.895 (ranked 32)
* Poland: 0.881 (ranked 36)
* Croatia: 0.878 (ranked 39)
* Slovakia: 0.855 (ranked 45)
* Hungary: 0.851 (ranked 47)
* Romania: 0.827 (ranked 53)
* Serbia: 0.805 (ranked 65)

### Globalisation

The index of globalization in Central European countries (2016 data):
* Switzerland: 91.17 (ranked 1)
* Austria: 88.95 (ranked 7)
* Germany: 88.17 (ranked 8)
* Czech Republic: 85.19 (ranked 13)
* Hungary: 85.13 (ranked 14)
* Slovakia: 82.89 (ranked 21)
* Slovenia: 81.28 (ranked 25)
* Poland: 81.20 (ranked 26)
* Croatia: 80.90 (ranked 28)
* Romania: 79.99 (ranked 29)
* Serbia 78.34 (ranked 37)
* Liechtenstein: 54.37 (ranked 121)

### Prosperity Index

Legatum Prosperity Index demonstrates an average and high level of prosperity in Central Europe (2018 data)
* Switzerland (ranked 4)
* Germany (ranked 11)
* Luxembourg (ranked 12)
* Austria (ranked 15)
* Slovenia (ranked 18)
* Czech Republic (ranked 27)
* Slovakia (ranked 32)
* Poland (ranked 33)
* Croatia (ranked 41)
* Hungary (ranked 46)
* Romania (ranked 47)
* Serbia (ranked 56)

### Corruption

Most countries in Central Europe tend to score above the average in the Corruption Perceptions Index (2018 data):
* Switzerland (ranked 3, tied)
* Germany (ranked 11, tied)
* Austria (ranked 14, tied)
* Poland (ranked 36, tied)
* Slovenia (ranked 36, tied)
* Czech Republic (ranked 38, tied)
* Slovakia (ranked 57)
* Croatia (ranked 60)
* Hungary (ranked 64, tied)
* Romania (ranked 66)
* Serbia (ranked 87, tied)

## Education

Central European countries are very literate. All of them have the literacy rate of 96% or over (for both sexes):
| Country | Literacy rate | Literacy rate | Literacy rate | Criteria |
| Country | All | Male | Female | Criteria |
| -9e99 | -9e99 | !a | -9e99 |
| World | 84.1% | 88.6% | 79.7% | age 15 and over can read and write (2010 est.) |
| Liechtenstein | 100% | 100% | 100% | age 10 and over can read and write |
| Poland | 99.7% | 99.9% | 99.6% | age 15 and over can read and write (2011 est.) |
| Slovenia | 99.7% | 99.7% | 99.7% | (2010 est.) |
| Slovakia | 99.6% | 99.7% | 99.6% | age 15 and over can read and write (2004) |
| Czech Republic | 99% | 99% | 99% | (2011 est.) |
| Germany | 99% | 99% | 99% | age 15 and over can read and write (2003 est.) |
| Hungary | 99% | 99.2% | 98.9% | age 15 and over can read and write (2011 est.) |
| Switzerland | 99% | 99% | 99% | age 15 and over can read and write (2003 est.) |
| Croatia | 98.9% | 99.5% | 98.3% | age 15 and over can read and write (2011 est.) |
| Austria | 98% | N/A | N/A | age 15 and over can read and write |
| Serbia | 97.9% | N/A | N/A | age 15 and over can read and write |

### Languages

Languages taught as the first language in Central Europe are: Croatian, Czech, French, German, Hungarian, Italian, Polish, Romansh, Serbian, Slovak and Slovenian. The most popular language taught at schools in Central Europe as foreign languages are: English, German and French. Proficiency in English is ranked as high or moderate, according to the EF English Proficiency Index:
* Slovenia (position 6)
* Luxembourg (position 8)
* Poland (position 9)
* Austria (position 10)
* Germany (position 11)
* Serbia (position 18)
* Hungary (position 21)
* Czech Republic (position 18)
* Switzerland (position 19)
* Slovakia (position 25)
* Croatia (not ranked)
* Liechtenstein (not ranked)
Other languages, also popular (spoken by over 5% as a second language):
* Croatian in Slovenia (61%)
* French in Romania (17%), Germany (14%) and Austria (11%)
* German in Slovenia (42%), Croatia (34%), Slovakia (22%), Poland (20%), Hungary (18%), the Czech Republic (15%) and Romania (5%)
* Hungarian in Romania (9%), Serbia (7%) Slovakia (12%)
* Italian in Croatia (14%), Slovenia (12%), Austria (9%) and Romania (7%)
* Russian in Poland (28%), Slovakia (17%), the Czech Republic (13%) and Germany (6%)
* Polish in Slovakia (5%)
* Slovak in the Czech Republic (16%), Serbia (2%)
* Spanish in Romania (5%)

### Education performance

Student performance has varied across Central Europe, according to the Programme for International Student Assessment. In the last study, countries scored medium, below or over the average scores in three fields studied.
In the following table, positions 23 to 26 are "similar to the OECD average"; 1 to 22 are above, and 27+ are below average.
Positions in various subject groups :
| Country | Maths | Sciences | Reading |
| Liechtenstein | 8 | 10 | 11 |
| Switzerland | 9 | 19 | 17 |
| Poland | 14 | 9 | 10 |
| Germany | 16 | 12 | 19 |
| Austria | 18 | 23 | 27 |
| Slovenia | 21 | 20 | 38 |
| Czech Republic | 24 | 22 | 26 |
| Slovakia | 35 | 40 | — |
| Hungary | 39 | 33 | 33 |
| Croatia | 40 | 35 | 35 |
| Serbia | 43 | 34 | 49 |

### Higher education
#### Universities

The first university east of France and north of the Alps was the Charles University in Prague established in 1347 or 1348 by Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor and modeled on the University of Paris, with the full number of faculties (law, medicine, philosophy and theology). The list of Central Europe's oldest universities in continuous operation, established by 1500, include (by their dates of foundation):
* Czech Republic Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic (1348)
* Poland Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland (1364)
* Austria University of Vienna in Vienna, Austria (1365)
* Hungary University of Pécs in Pécs, Hungary (1367)
* Germany Heidelberg University in Heidelberg, Germany (1386)
* Germany Cologne University in Cologne, Germany (1388)
* Croatia University of Zadar in Zadar, Croatia (1396)
* Germany University of Leipzig in Leipzig, Germany (1409)
* Germany University of Rostock in Rostock, Germany (1419)
* Germany University of Greifswald in Greifswald, Germany (1456)
* Germany University of Freiburg in Freiburg, Germany (1457)
* Switzerland University of Basel in Basel, Switzerland (1460)
* Germany Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich in Munich, Germany (1472)
* Germany University of Tübingen in Tübingen, Germany (1477)

#### Regional exchange program

Central European Exchange Program for University Studies (CEEPUS) is an international exchange program for students and teachers teaching or studying in participating countries. Its current members include (year it joined for the first time in brackets):
* Albania (2006)
* Austria (2005)
* Bosnia and Herzegovina (2008)
* Bulgaria (2005)
* Croatia (2005)
* Czech Republic (2005)
* Hungary (2005)
* Kosovo* (2008)
* Macedonia (2006)
* Moldova (2011)
* Montenegro (2006)
* Poland (2005)
* Romania (2005)
* Serbia (2005)
* Slovakia (2005)
* Slovenia (2005)

## Culture and society
### Architecture

Central European architecture has been shaped by major European styles including but not limited to: Brick Gothic, Rococo, Secession (art) and Modern architecture. Seven Central European countries are amongst those countries with higher numbers of World Heritage Sites:
* Germany (position 5th, 42 sites)
* Poland (position 18th, 16 sites)
* Czech Republic (position 22nd, 12 sites)
* Switzerland (position 25th, 12 sites)
* Austria (position 27th, 10 sites)
* Croatia (position 29th, 10 sites)
* Hungary (8 sites)
* Serbia (position 35th, 6 sites)

### Media

There is a whole spectrum of media active in the region: newspapers, television and internet channels, radio channels, internet websites etc. Central European media are regarded as free, according to the Press Freedom Index, although the situation in Poland, Hungary and Croatia is described as "problematic". Some of the top scoring countries in the Press Freedom Index are in Central Europe, and include:
* Switzerland (position 7)
* Austria (position 11)
* Germany (position 16)
* Slovakia (position 17)
* Czech Republic (position 23)
* Liechtenstein (position 32)
* Slovenia (position 37)
* Romania (position 43)
* Poland (position 54)
* Hungary (position 71)
* Croatia (position 74)
* Serbia (position 76)

## Politics
### Democracy

European countries score very highly in the Democracy Index:
* Switzerland (position 6)
* Germany (position 13)
* Austria (position 14)
* Czech Republic (position 25)
* Slovenia (position 37)
* Poland (position 40)
* Slovakia (position 45)
* Croatia (position 50)
* Hungary (position 51)
* Serbia (position 57)
* Romania (position 61)
* Liechtenstein (not listed)

### Global Peace Index

In spite of its turbulent history, Central Europe is currently one of world's safest regions. Most Central European countries are in top 20%:
* Austria (position 3)
* Switzerland (position 5)
* Czech Republic (position 11)
* Slovenia (position 14)
* Germany (position 17)
* Slovakia (position 19)
* Poland (position 23)
* Hungary (position 22)
* Serbia (position 23)
* Romania (position 24)
* Croatia (position 26)
* Liechtenstein (not listed)