OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Calamine (mineral)

Calamine is a historic name for an ore of zinc. The name calamine was derived from lapis calaminaris, a Latin correption of Greek cadmia (καδμία), the old name for zinc ores in general. The name of the Belgian town of Kelmis, La Calamine in French, which was home to a zinc mine, comes from this. In the 18th and 19th centuries large ore mines could be found near the German village of Breinigerberg.
During the early 19th century it was discovered that what had been thought to be one ore was actually two distinct minerals:
* Zinc carbonate ZnCO$_3$ or smithsonite and
* Zinc silicate Zn$_4$Si$_2$O$_7$(OH)$_2$·H$_2$O or hemimorphite.
Although chemically and crystallographically quite distinct, the two minerals exhibit similar massive or botryoidal external form and are not readily distinguished without detailed chemical or physical analysis. The first person to separate the minerals was the British chemist and mineralogist James Smithson in 1803. In the mining industry the term calamine has been historically used to refer to both minerals indiscriminately.
In mineralogy calamine is no longer considered a valid term. It has been replaced by smithsonite and hemimorphite in order to distinguish it from the pinkish mixture of zinc oxide (ZnO) and iron(III) oxide (Fe$_2$O$_3$) known as calamine lotion.

## Early history

In the 16th century demand for latten (brass) in England came from the needs of wool-carding, for which brass-wire combs were preferred, and battery pieces (brassware formed by hammering sheet brass in a battery mill).$^{:207–209}$ The only known method for producing the alloy was by heating copper and calamine together in the cementation process and in 1568 a royal charter was granted to the Society of the Mineral and Battery Works to search for the mineral and produce brass, to reduce dependence on imported metal from Germany. Factories to exploit the process were established at Isleworth and Rotherhithe. By the late 17th century enough was known of metallic zinc to make brass solder directly by combining copper and spelter (zinc ingots). In 1738 a patent was granted to William Champion, a Bristol brass founder, for the large-scale reduction of calamine to produce spelter. There were many Calamine mines in Shipham, not far from William Champion's Brass works.
In 1684 a paper presented to the Royal Society described the medicinal and veterinary properties of the compound when in finely powdered form.$^{:219–221}$ Since then no mechanism of action for the powder has been identified, and as of 1992 the only medical effect of the powdered mineral appears to be its ability to absorb moisture secreted from irritated and weeping skin.
# Jalan Lama Bukit Putus

Jalan Lama Bukit Putus, Federal Route 361 is a federal road in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia passing through Bukit Putus in the Titiwangsa Mountains. This 7 km (4.3 mi) road was an old stretch of Route FT 51 is notorious for its narrow and dangerous sharp corners, prior to its realignment in 2009.

## Route background

The road was constructed by British in the 1920s. In July 2014, the old stretch of the Bukit Putus (Federal Route 51) was redesignated as Federal Route 361. Even though FT 51 is safer, many people (especially cyclists) often use this road instead. This road is also home to a few attractions such as Starfresh Agro Park and a scout camp. There are hiking trails at Bukit Putus that can be accessed from this road, notably to Mount Angsi, the seventh highest point in Negeri Sembilan. Many people also consider using this road as an alternative whenever FT 51 is experiencing congestion.

## Description

The Kilometre Zero is located at the junctions of FT 51 at Bukit Putus (West). This stretch of the road was infamous for its winding section, sharp corners, and occasional landslides as it is located at the edge of a cliff known as Bukit Putus. Because of this, a less winding 6.7km piece of road on the Jalan Kuala Pilah was built to bypass the dangerous Bukit Putus section, which would lead to the construction of the fourth highest bridge in Malaysia, Bukit Putus Viaduct.

## List of junctions and towns

| km | Junctions | To | Remarks |
| FT 361 0 | Bukit Putus (West) | West FT 51 Seremban FT 51 Paroi North–South Expressway Southern Route AH2 Kajang–Seremban Highway Kuala Lumpur North–South Expressway Southern Route AH2 Johor Bahru East FT 51 Kuala Pilah FT 51 Seri Menanti | T-junctions |
| FT 361 1 | | |
| FT 361 5 | Bukit Putus | | |
| FT 361 6 | 290m above sea level | | |
| Seremban-Kuala Pilah district border 300m above sea level |||||
| FT 361 7 | Ulu Bendol 299 m above sea level | West FT 51 Seremban FT 51 Paroi North–South Expressway Southern Route AH2 Kajang–Seremban Highway Kuala Lumpur North–South Expressway Southern Route AH2 Johor Bahru East FT 51 Kuala Pilah FT 51 Seri Menanti Ulu Bendol Recreational Area | T-junctions |
# Favio Cabral

Favio Benjamín Cabral (born 5 February 2001) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a forward for Argentine Primera División side Central Córdoba SdE.

## Professional career

In May 2019, Cabral signed his first professional contract with Talleres . Cabral made his professional debut for Talleres in a 4-1 Argentine Primera División loss to Defensa y Justicia on 26 January 2020.
In April 2021, he was loaned to Chilean Primera División side Curicó Unido with an option to buy. After returning, he was sent out on a new loan spell in January 2022, this time to Primera Nacional side Club Almagro until the end of the year. However, the spell at Almagro was terminated before time, and Cabral instead joined Douglas Haig in June 2022 on loan until the end of the year.

## Honours

Central Córdoba (SdE)
* Copa Argentina: 2024
# Ancient India and Iran Trust

The Ancient India and Iran Trust was founded in 1978, and occupies a unique position in the UK. It is the only independent charity concerned with the study of early India, Iran & Central Asia, promoting both scholarly research & popular interest in the area. It has a library of over 25,000 volumes and it organises a range of activities including conferences, public lectures and visiting fellowships. The primary interest of the Trust has been in prehistory, archaeology, art history and ancient languages, but this often extends to more modern topics and other disciplines.
The idea of the Ancient India & Iran Trust came to the Founding Trustees (Dr Raymond Allchin, Dr Bridget Allchin, Sir Harold Bailey, Dr Jan van Lohuizen, and Professor Hanne van Lohuizen-de Leeuw) when they became aware that the Indian sub-continent, together with Iran, Afghanistan & parts of Central Asia, was the 'neglected quarter' of the world in terms of British cultural life. Britain had had a close association with India in particular for over three centuries and had unrivalled resources for the study of its culture, art and history, in the India Office Library, the British Museum, the Victoria & Albert Museum and much more. And yet, in the wake of South Asian independence, there were very few institutions, teaching posts or funds devoted to the promotion of popular or scholarly interest in any of these regions. The Trust was therefore set up to provide a focal point where scholars and members of the public with interests in the cultures of the ancient Indian and Iranian worlds could meet and discuss matters of common interest and use its unique library.
Today, the Trust runs a regular series of public lectures, visiting fellowship programmes and a bursary scheme for people wishing to come and use its library and other resources in Cambridge. It also organises and hosts conferences, high-profile lectures and occasional exhibitions, and has produced some publications. In addition, it created and funded the British Archaeological Mission to Pakistan in the 1980s and has provided a base for external research projects such as the AHRC funded Manichean Dictionary Project (1999–2005) and Bactrian Chronology Project (2004-7). In 2005 the Trust was voted runner up in the Arts, Culture and Heritage category of the Charity Awards.
The Trust is based in a large Victorian house at 23 Brooklands Avenue, Cambridge. The house was purchased by the five Founding Trustees in 1981 and became the repositories of their specialised libraries. It was also the home until his death at the age of 96 of the first Chair, the distinguished scholar and linguist, Sir Harold Bailey.
The Trust has appointed a number of Honorary Fellows:
* Professor Mary Boyce
* Professor Werner Sundermann
* Professor Gherardo Gnoli
* Ralph Pinder-Wilson
* Professor Robert Hillenbrand
* Professor Minoru Hara
* Professor Anna Dallapiccola
References:
# Glen Dochart

56°25′01″N 4°25′59″W﻿ / ﻿56.417°N 4.433°W﻿ / 56.417; -4.433 Glen Dochart (Scottish Gaelic: Gleann Dochard) in Perthshire, Scottish Highlands is a glen which runs from Crianlarich eastwards to Killin, following the course of the River Dochart as it flows through Loch Dochart and Loch Iubhair. It is met by Glen Ogle (Scottish Gaelic: Gleann Ogail) at Lix Toll. Lochan Saorach lies within the glen and was once famous for its Floating island.

## Notable People

* Rev Prof Daniel Dewar born and raised here
# Jacob Brent

Jacob 'Jazzy' Brent (born August 14, 1973) is an American stage actor who is best known for his portrayal of Magical Mr. Mistoffelees in the video production of Cats which was filmed in 1998.
Brent graduated from the North Carolina School of the Arts in 1991. He holds a Masters of Fine Arts from San Diego State University. He worked with the ALICE workshop, a musical based on Alice in Wonderland, as well as his own showcase at the Sadlers Wells Theatre. In 2002, he worked on choreography for the Elan Awards and the Dance with Dancers Millennium Gala for the New York City Ballet. At Children's Musical Theater San Jose, he directed a 2008 production of Peter Pan as well as a 2009 Spring Production of Leonard Bernstein's Candide.
In 2016, he was appointed assistant professor of dance at Shenandoah University, where he taught until 2019. Brent then moved on to become the head of Musical Theatre at James Madison University until 2021, when he became interim Musical Theatre Head at The University of the Arts. Starting in 2024, he will be joining the faculty of Elon University.

## Career highlights

* Starlight Express Las Vegas (Turnov) 1993–94
* Broadway Cats production (Pouncival) 1994–1996
* Broadway Cats production (Mr. Mistoffelees) 1996–1999
* Cats and Making of Cats (Mr. Mistoffelees) 1998
* "The Radio City Music Hall Christmas Spectacular" cast member December 2000 and 2001
* London Cats production (Mr. Mistoffelees) April 2001 – October 2001
* Directed and choreographed Cats production at Finger Lakes Musical Theatre Festival (Auburn, N.Y.), August 21, 2013 – September 11, 2013
# Multiple sulfatase deficiency

Multiple sulfatase deficiency (MSD), also known as Austin disease, or mucosulfatidosis, is a very rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease caused by a deficiency in multiple sulfatase enzymes, or in formylglycine-generating enzyme, which activates sulfatases.$^{:502}$ It is similar to mucopolysaccharidosis.

## Signs and symptoms

Signs and symptoms of this disorder commonly appear between one and two years of age. Signs include mildly coarsened facial features, deafness, ichthyosis and an enlarged liver and spleen (hepatosplenomegaly). Abnormalities of the skeleton, such as a curving of the spine and breast bone may occur. Individuals afflicted with this disorder typically have dry skin. Children affected by this disorder develop more slowly than normal and may display delayed speech and walking skills.
The disease is fatal, with symptoms that include neurological damage and severe intellectual disability. These sulfatase enzymes are responsible for breaking down and recycling complex sulfate-containing sugars from lipids and mucopolysaccharides within the lysosome. The accumulation of lipids and mucopolysaccharides inside the lysosome results in symptoms associated with this disorder. As of 2018, 75–100 cases of MSD had been reported worldwide.

## Causes

Multiple sulfatase deficiency is caused by any mutation of the SUMF1 gene which renders its protein product, the formylglycine-generating enzyme (FGE), defective. These mutations result in inactive forms of FGE. This enzyme is required for posttranslational modification of a cysteine residue in the sulfatase enzyme active site into formylglycine, which is required for its proper function.

## Genetics

MSD has an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. The inheritance probabilities per birth are as follows:
* If both parents are carriers:
** 25% (1 in 4) of children will have the disorder
** 50% (2 in 4) of children will be carriers (but unaffected)
** 25% (1 in 4) of children will be free of MSD - unaffected child that is not a carrier
* If one parent is affected and one is free of MSD:
** 0% (0) children will have the disorder - only one parent is affected, other parent always gives normal gene
** 100% (4 in 4) children will be carriers (but unaffected)
* If one parent is a carrier and the other is free of MSD:
** 50% (2 in 4) children will be carriers (but unaffected)
** 50% (2 in 4) children will be free of MSD - unaffected child that is not a carrier

## Diagnosis

MSD may be diagnosed when deficiency of more than one sulfatase enzyme is identified in leukocytes or fibroblasts, or by molecular genetic testing which shows pathogenic variation in both alleles of the SUMF1 gene.

## Treatment

As there is no cure for MSD, treatment is restricted to the management of symptoms. There is much research on MSD that is currently underway. MSD Action Foundation has initiated more than 15 research projects on MSD in the last 6 years. Many of these have a translational focus. It is hoped that clinical trials for MSD will happen in the not-too-distant future- Alan Finglas. [Ref 17. Finglas 2020]
# Benjamin Afgour

Benjamin Afgour (born 1 April 1991) is a French handball player for Dunkerque Handball Grand Littoral and the French national team. He has played almost his entire career for Dunkerque, except for three years between 2017 and 2020 for Montpellier Handball
With Dunkerue he won he won the French Cup twice in 2011 and 2013, and in 2014 he won the French Championship. With Montpellier he won the EHF Champions League in 2018.
He debuted for the French national team on January 4th 2014 in a 29:23 win against Qatar. He was part of the French team that won bronze medals at the 2018 European Men's Handball Championship.
# Charles Butler House (Franklin, Ohio)

The Charles Butler House is a historic octagon house in the city of Franklin, Ohio, United States. Constructed during the middle of the nineteenth century, it was originally home to one of the city's most prominent men, and it has been named a historic site due to its unusual design.
In its earliest years, the city of Franklin was heavily influenced by the Schenck family, who sponsored much of its early development. A member of a later generation of the family, John N. Schenck, arranged for the construction of the present house in 1860. At the time, Orson Squire Fowler's ideal of the octagon house was at the height of its popularity, and Schenck's use of the style demonstrates his wealth at the time. Rather than living in it, Schenck gave it to his daughter and son-in-law, Charles Butler, who occupied a leading place in Franklin's governmental and commercial circles.
Built of brick, the Butler House is covered with a metal roof. The architecture includes numerous distinctive details, including the four-over-four windows placed in pairs, the wooden cornice with brackets, and the molding around the lintels. Because the house sits atop a small hill, a person inside is able to view a panorama of the city as well as the Great Miami River.
In 1982, the Butler House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying because of its distinctive architecture; it is one of four National Register-listed locations in the city, along with the prehistoric Hill-Kinder Mound, the Mackinaw Historic District, and the Old Log Post Office. Significant to its designation was its rarity; it is one of two octagon houses in Franklin, but only one other such house remains anywhere else in southwestern Ohio, although the Goldsmith Coffeen House in Lebanon is built as a hexagon.
# Mario Evaristo

Marino "Mario" Evaristo (10 December 1908 – 30 April 1993) was an Argentine footballer who played for the Argentina national football team. He was a member of the runner-up Argentine team in the 1930 FIFA World Cup and along with his elder brother Juan, a wing half-back, they became the first siblings to appear in a World Cup final.
Evaristo was christened Marino, but later changed his name to Mario. He played for Sportivo Palermo, Club Atlético Independiente and Boca Juniors in Argentina, he was part of the Boca team that won the Primera Division Argentina 1931 (the first professional champions of Argentina).
Later in his career he moved to Europe, where he played for Genoa C.F.C. in Italy, and for Nice and Antibes in France.
With his brother Juan, he was in charge of Boca's youth academies for more than 30 years.

## Honours
### Club Atlético Boca Juniors

* Argentine Primera División: 1926, 1930, 1931
* Copa Estimulo: 1926

### Sportivo Barracas

* AAAF amateur Championship: 1932

### Argentina

* Copa América: 1929
* FIFA World Cup runner-up: 1930

## International goals

Argentina's goal tally first
| # | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1. | 10 November 1929 | Estadio Gasómetro, Buenos Aires, Argentina | Paraguay | 1–0 | 4–1 | 1929 South American Championship |
| 2. | 22 July 1930 | Estadio Centenario, Montevideo, Uruguay | Chile | 3–1 | 3–1 | 1930 FIFA World Cup |
# Damper Creek, Queensland

Damper Creek is a coastal locality in the Cassowary Coast Region, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Damper Creek had a population of 34 people.

## Geography

Damper Creek is bounded to the east by the Hinchinbrook Channel which the mainland from the Hinchinbrook Island. The Bruce Highway passes from south to north through the locality. The North Coast railway line also passes from south to north through the locality, roughly parallel and to the east of the highway.
Most of the locality is within the protected areas of Girringun National Park and Cardwell State Forest. The rest of the locality is low-lying coastal land which is relatively undeveloped apart from areas used for aquaculture. In the north-west and south-west corners of the locality, the land rises sharply into the Cardwell Range.

## Demographics

In the 2016 census, Damper Creek had a population of 49 people.
In the 2021 census, Damper Creek had a population of 34 people.

## Heritage listings

Damper Creek has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:
* Stone Bridge, Dalrymple Gap Track, Valley of Lagoons Road (18°23′58″S 146°04′43″E﻿ / ﻿18.3995°S 146.0787°E﻿ / -18.3995; 146.0787﻿ (Stone Bridge))

## Education

There are no schools in Damper Creek. The nearest government primary school is Cardwell State School in neighbouring Cardwell to the north. The nearest government secondary schools are Ingham State High School in Ingham to the south and Tully State High School in Tully to the north-west.
# Henry Moncreiff, 2nd Baron Moncreiff

Henry James Moncreiff, 2nd Baron Moncreiff (24 April 1840 – 3 March 1909) was a Scottish judge who succeeded to the title Baron Moncreiff.

## Life

Moncreiff was born in Edinburgh, the elder son of James Moncreiff, 1st Baron Moncreiff and his wife Isabella Bell, daughter of Robert Bell, Procurator of the Church of Scotland. He was educated at Harrow School and was admitted at Trinity College, Cambridge on 22 March 1858. He was awarded BA in 1862 and LL.B. in 1864.
Moncreiff was admitted as an advocate in 1863 and was Advocate-Depute in 1866, from 1868 to 1874 and in 1881. He was Sheriff of Renfrew and Bute from 1881 to 1888. In 1888 he became a Senator of the College of Justice, Scotland, with the judicial title of Lord Wellwood. He succeeded to the title Baron Moncreiff on the death of his father on 27 April 1895. In July 1901 he became Lord Lieutenant of Kinross-shire. He was author of Review in Criminal Cases. He lived at Tullibole Castle, near Crook of Devon in Kinrossshire.
Moncreiff married firstly on 3 April 1866 Susan Wilhelmine Dick-Cunyngham, daughter of Sir William Hanmer Dick-Cunyngham, 8th Baronet. She was affectionately known as Minna. She died aged only 26. He married secondly on 26 March 1873, Millicent Julia Fryer, daughter of Colonel Frederick Daniel Fryer, of Moulton Paddocks, Newmarket. She also died relatively young, in 1881, aged only 35. He had no children and was succeeded by his brother Robert.
Henry Moncreiff died at Bournemouth on 3 March 1909. He is buried with his two wives in the south-east corner of Grange Cemetery in Edinburgh. The stone bears a low-relief portrait of his young wife Minna.
# Ovide Decroly

Jean-Ovide Decroly (Ronse, 23 July 1871 – Uccle, 10 September 1932) was a Belgian teacher and psychologist.
He studied medicine at the University of Ghent, with half a year at the University of Berlin where he studied the action of toxins and antitoxins on general nutrition in 1898. He later worked with (mentally) handicapped children at the neurological clinic in Brussels.
Decroly founded The Hermitage School in 1907. He was a freemason, and a member of the lodge Les Amis Philanthropes of the Grand Orient of Belgium in Brussels. Nowadays the "Ecole Decroly" (based in Uccle, Brussels, a school reaching from kindergarten to baccalaureate) follows his pedagogical approach.

## The Decroly plan

The Decroly plan laid ground rules for social adaptation of a biological organism, in the concrete case, children. It concluded that schooling is needed for children to meet their biosocial needs. Followers of Decroly have gone on to create and start schools that primarily focus on these "biosocial needs", and better augment the student's educational experience.

## Quotes

* To educate in its fullest sense is to create conditions in which the child can live - and is led by these conditions led to live-as fully as possible through each succeeding stage of his development, meeting and solving in his own experience the problems of each stage as it comes, and so gaining the power to meet and to solve the problems that await him in further stages. Such conditions it is for a school to provide. (Decroly cited by J.H. Badley, Dr. Ovide Decroly ed. Albert Decordier, Amicale Rijksbasisonderwijs, Ronse, Belgium)
# Death of Wai Yan Tun

Wai Yan Tun (Burmese: ဝေယံထွန်း; 2005 – 20 February 2021) was a 16-year-old worker and protester from Mandalay who was killed on 20 Feb 2021 during the 2021 Myanmar protests. He has become a focal point and an icon for demonstrators, with his image often displayed by people resisting the coup. Wai Yan emerged as an early martyr and symbol of resistance against the military junta's use of violence to suppress a protest movement. In honor of him, the 41 Street Market where he worked has been renamed Wai Yan Tun Night Market.

## Protest and death

On February 20, 2021, Wai Yan Tun was protesting in Thinbawgyin, Mandalay against the detainment of workers involved in the anti-coup movement. He was shot in the head while volunteering to help injured persons by his hand cart during the military forces opened fire on protesters at Thinbawgyin. He was one of two deaths of the first bloodshed in Myanmar’s second largest city, Mandalay. The United States Embassy issued "We are deeply troubled by the fatal shooting of protestors in Mandalay, a day after the Death of Mya Thwe Thwe Khine in Naypyidaw. The military must stop violence against the people of Myanmar".
Wai Yan Tun became the first child hero who died in Myanmar's Spring Revolution. His family used the money that he had saved to buy a phone and a motorcycle for his funeral. His death further intensified the protests and provided a morale boost to the protests by his last quote "I don't think I can make it. Remember my face. Say my name. May my courage live on. Continue this fight for me for I was taken away too soon".