OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kotli

Kotli (Pahari-Pothwari / Urdu: کوٹلی; pronounced) is a city in Kotli District of Azad Jammu & Kashmir. It lies on the Poonch River, and the river contains several waterfalls, including the Lala Waterfall near the town of Kotli, and the Gulpur Waterfalls at the village of Gulpur to the southwest. As per the 2017 Census of Pakistan, Kotli had a population of 46,907.

## History

The city of Kotli dates back to the twelfth century, when it was settled by a branch of the Royal Mangral family of Kashmir, descendants of Raja Mangar Pal. Originally known as Kohtali, literally meaning "under mountain" due to the surrounding landscape. Kotli remained as a semi-auntonomous state until it was finally subdued by Ranjit Singh in 1819 and incorporated into the Sikh Empire.
After the independence of Pakistan and India from the British rule, "bands of deserters from the State Army, some serving soldiers of the Pakistan Army on leave, ex-servicemen, and other volunteers who had risen spontaneously" reached Kotli in November 1947. They expelled the Dogra garrison at the town. India then sent its armed forces to Kashmir where they attacked Kotli in an attempt to recapture it. The Pakistan Army counter-attacked with the aid of the native tribesmen, winning a decisive victory in the Battle of Kotli. It has been under Pakistani control ever since.

## Education

Kotil is home to the University of Kotli (Urdu:کوٹلی یونیورسٹی) (UoK), formerly a constituent college of the University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir. It became a university as a result of Presidential Ordinance VIII passed in 2014.
# Uwe Beyer

Uwe Beyer (14 April 1945 – 15 April 1993) was a West German hammer thrower. He competed at the 1964, 1968 and 1972 Olympics and won the bronze medal in 1964, representing the United Team of Germany, and later finished fourth in 1972 representing West Germany. He won the European title in 1971 and finished third in 1966 and fifth in 1974. Domestically Beyer won eight consecutive German titles in 1964–71, and received the Silbernes Lorbeerblatt in 1964. He also starred as Siegfried in Die Nibelungen (1966/1967 film). Beyer had a degree in physical education and in retirement ran a sports store in Mainz. His father Erich competed nationally in the shot put.
Beyer suffered a fatal heart attack while playing tennis in the Turkish beach resort of Belek, possibly as a delayed result of the use of anabolic steroids throughout his career, to which he freely admitted in a 1977 interview in the "Aktuelles Sportstudio" on ZDF.
# Elfriede Kaun

Elfriede Kaun (5 October 1914 – 5 March 2008) was a German high jumper.
Born in Büttel, Steinburg, she won the bronze medal at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin. Her personal best jump was 1.63 metres.
She competed for the sports club Kieler TV, and died in 2008 in Kiel. Other than Ingeborg Schmitz, she was the last living German athlete who won a medal at the 1936 Summer Olympics. Schmitz (b. 1922) is still alive.
# Jennifer Oeser

Jennifer Oeser (born 29 November 1983 in Brunsbüttel, Schleswig-Holstein) is a retired German heptathlete.

## Career

Oeser's first international championship was the 2002 World Junior Championships in Athletics and she finished in eighth place with a score of 5405 points. She improved her personal best to 5901 points to win the gold medal at the 2003 European Athletics U23 Championships. Moving up to the senior ranks, she finished fourth in the heptathlon at the 2006 European Athletics Championships in Gothenburg and was seventh in the event at the 2007 World Championships in Athletics. Oeser was eleventh at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. She set a personal best of 6493 points to win the silver medal in the heptathlon at the 2009 IAAF World Championships in Berlin. The following year she was at the Erdgas Meeting in Ratingen, Germany, holding off her domestic rival Lilli Schwarzkopf to win with a total of 6427.

## Personal bests

| Event | Mark |
| 100 m hurdles | 13.14 s |
| High jump | 1.86 m |
| Shot put | 14.29 m |
| 200 metres | 23.95 s |
| Long jump | 6.68 m |
| Javelin throw | 51.30 m |
| 800 metres | 2:10.39 min |
| Heptathlon | 6683 points |

## Major competition record

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Germany ||||||
| 2002 | World Junior Championships | Kingston, Jamaica | 8th | Heptathlon | 5405 pts |
| 2003 | European U23 Championships | Bydgoszcz, Poland | 1st | Heptathlon | 5901 pts |
| 2006 | European Championships | Gothenburg, Sweden | 4th | Heptathlon | 6376 pts |
| 2007 | World Championships | Osaka, Japan | 7th | Heptathlon | 6378 pts |
| 2008 | Olympic Games | Beijing, China | 11th | Heptathlon | 6360 pts |
| 2009 | World Championships | Berlin, Germany | 2nd | Heptathlon | 6493 pts |
| 2010 | European Championships | Barcelona, Spain | 3rd | Heptathlon | 6683 pts |
| 2011 | World Championships | Daegu, South Korea | 2nd | Heptathlon | 6572 pts |
| 2015 | World Championships | Beijing, China | 10th | Heptathlon | 6308 pts |
| 2016 | Olympic Games | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | 9th | Heptathlon | 6401 pts |
# Guhaksan

Guhaksan (Korean: 구학산) is a mountain on the boundary between the provinces of Gangwon-do and Chungcheongbuk-do, in South Korea. Its area extends across the cities of Wonju and Jecheon. Guhaksan has an elevation of 971 m (3,186 ft).
# Bonghwasan (North Jeolla)

Bonghwasan is a mountain of North Jeolla Province, western South Korea. It has an elevation of 920 metres.
# Gyeonggaksan

Gyeonggaksan is a mountain of North Jeolla Province, South Korea. It has an altitude of 659 metres.
# Daeamsan

Daeamsan is a mountain in the province of Gangwon-do, South Korea. It sits on the boundary between the counties of Inje and Yanggu. Daeamsan has an elevation of 1,304 m (4,278 ft).
# Guryongsan

Guryongsan is a mountain of North Gyeongsang Province, eastern South Korea. It has an elevation of 1,346 metres.
# Diwan Sawan Mal Chopra

Diwan Sawan Mal (died 29 September 1844) was a Sikh Empire-era administrator who served as governor (Diwan) of Multan from 1820 to 1844.

## Biography
### Early life

Sawan Mal was born into a Hindu Khatri family of the Chopra gotra originally from Gujranwala, the region where Maharaja Ranjit Singh's Misl, the Sukerchakias held sway.

### Career

Along with Hari Singh Nalwa, he was a top commander in Maharaja Ranjit Singh's army. As a general under Ranjit Singh, he assisted in wresting the subah (province) of Multan from the Durrani governor Nawab Muzaffar Khan, in 1818. After a series of incompetent governors, Sawan Mal was appointed as the Diwan of the region.
In 1834, he signed an agreement on behalf of the Maharaja with Sardar Karam Khan, a Mazari warrior respected in his tribe as well as in the Sikh Army. Karam Khan was the younger brother of Mir Bahram Khan, chief of the Baloch Mazari tribe, thereby ending the long war between the Sikhs and the Mazaris of Rojhan. He was succeeded to the governorship of Multan by his son, Diwan Mulraj Chopra, who was the last ethnic Punjabi to administer Multan.
Sawan Mal died on 29 September 1844 due to wounds inflicted upon him by an under-trial prisoner.
# Padaküla

Padaküla is a village in Väike-Maarja Parish, Lääne-Viru County, in northeastern Estonia.
# Ulmus parvifolia 'Glory'

The Chinese Elm cultivar Ulmus parvifolia 'Glory' is one of the early American selections, best known for its winter hardiness. It does not appear in Santamour and Bentz's 'Updated Checklist of Elm (Ulmus) Cultivars for use in North America' (1995).

## Description

'Glory' has an upright, vase-shaped growth habit. The tree can reach heights over 13 m.

## Pests and diseases

The species and its cultivars are highly resistant, but not immune, to Dutch elm disease, and unaffected by the Elm Leaf Beetle Xanthogaleruca luteola.

## Cultivation

'Glory' is common in the United States. The tree featured in the elm trials conducted by Northern Arizona University at Holbrook. It is not known to have been introduced to Europe or Australasia. Hardiness: USDA zones 5b–10a.

## Accessions
### North America

* Dawes Arboretum, Newark, Ohio, US. 1 tree, accession number 1999-0083.001.
# Frank Lawrence House

Frank Lawrence House is a historic home located at Basham, Montgomery County, Virginia. It was built in 1918, and is a two-story frame dwelling with a foursquare floor plan. The roof is covered with its original pressed metal shingles. It features a five-bay, wraparound porch with Doric order columns and square balusters. It also has a two-story, two level rear porch. Its design is based on a Sears and Roebuck Company catalog plan.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.
# 125th Ohio Infantry Regiment

Ohio U.S. Volunteer Infantry Regiments 1861-1865 :
| Previous | Next |
| 124th Ohio Infantry Regiment | 126th Ohio Infantry Regiment |
The 125th Ohio Infantry Regiment, sometimes 125th Ohio Volunteer Infantry (or 125th OVI) was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War.

## Service

The 125th Ohio Infantry was organized at Camp Taylor, Cleveland, Ohio, and mustered in three years of service on October 6, 1862, under the command of colonel Emerson Opdycke.
The regiment was attached to 3rd Brigade, 1st Division, XXI Corps (Union Army), in Major General William S. Rosecrans' Army of the Cumberland, till October 1863. 3rd Brigade, 2nd Division, IV Corps (Union Army) of the Cumberland, till October, 1864. 1st Brigade, 2nd Division, 4th Army Corps and Dept. of Texas, till September, 1865. The 125th Ohio Infantry mustered out of service on September 25, 1865.
Primarily involved in long marches and skirmishes until Battle of Chickamauga, fighting against the odds. After Chickamauga, Gen. Rosecrans was replaced by Maj. Gen. George H. Thomas, 'The Rock of Chickamauga'.
The 125th then participated in the Battle of Missionary Ridge, and helped to push Braxton Bragg's men away from Chattanooga, Tennessee. In the spring of 1864, it joined William Tecumseh Sherman in his Atlanta Campaign. They fought all the way until the end, at the Battle of Jonesborough, and then followed confederate Lt. Gen. John Bell Hood North to Nashville, Tennessee
In Colonel Opdycke's brigade, it fought in Battle of Franklin and the union victory at Nashville. The 125th OVI gained a high reputation for its fighting qualities.

## Casualties

The regiment lost a total of 225 men during service; 7 officers and 104 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, 114 enlisted men died of disease.

## Commanders

* Colonel - Emerson Opdycke
* Lt. Colonel - Henry B. Banning
* Captain Edward P. Bates
* Major George L. Wood
* Major Joseph Bruff
* Lt. Colonel Thomas H. Moore
* Adjutant Ridgley C. Powers

## Gallery

* The Tiger Band
# 1984 Hughes by-election

A by-election was held for the Australian House of Representatives seat of Hughes on 18 February 1984. This was triggered by the resignation of Labor Party MP Les Johnson to become Australian High Commissioner to New Zealand. The by-election was held to coincide with the Corangamite and Richmond by-elections.
The election was won by Labor candidate Robert Tickner, despite a 5.3% swing to the Liberal Party.

## Candidates

* Australian Democrats – Ronald Hellyer.
* Independent – Leslie Johnson.
* Liberal Party of Australia – Clifford Mason.
* Australian National Action Group – Jim Saleam, a far-right activist who had previously been involved with the Australian Nazi Party.
* Australian Labor Party – Robert Tickner, a Sydney City Councillor.

## Results

Hughes by-election, 1984 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labor | Robert Tickner | 40,728 | 58.1 | −3.5 |
| | Liberal | Clifford Mason | 22,962 | 32.7 | +4.3 |
| | Democrats | Ronald Hellyer | 4,065 | 5.8 | −3.3 |
| | Independent | Leslie Johnson | 1,393 | 2.0 | +2.0 |
| | National Action | Jim Saleam | 970 | 1.4 | +1.4 |
| Total formal votes | Total formal votes | Total formal votes | 70,118 | 97.9 | |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 1,486 | 2.1 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 71,604 | 86.2 | |
| Two-party-preferred result ||||||
| | Labor | Robert Tickner | 44,162 | 63.0 | −5.3 |
| | Liberal | Clifford Mason | 25,956 | 37.0 | +5.3 |
| | Labor hold | Labor hold | Swing | −5.3 | |
# Maglavit Monastery

Maglavit Monastery is an Orthodox monastery in Romania, located in Maglavit commune in Dolj County. It is built at the place where the shepherd Petrache Lupu would have seen God. The place was called "La buturug". Petrache Lupu was a deaf and mute shepherd that convinced hundreds of thousands of pilgrims that God appeared to him. The monastery was closed in the communist period and opened after 1989. In 2019 the International Meeting of Orthodox Youth happened at the Monastery with over 4,000 young people.
# Ramp strike

A ramp strike or rampstrike is when an aircraft coming to land aboard an aircraft carrier impacts the rear of the carrier, also called the ramp, below the level of the flight deck.
Damage from a ramp strike to the aircraft can range from broken hook or undercarriage to total loss of airframe; damage to the carrier can range from injured deck plating to a severe fire.
One of the most famous non-fatal ramp strike accidents occurred on 23 June 1951 when Cdr. George Chamberlain Duncan attempted to land a Grumman F9F-2 Panther on USS Midway in BuNo 125228, during carrier suitability tests in the Atlantic Ocean. The forward fuselage broke away and tumbled down the deck, which Duncan survived, suffering burns. Footage of this accident has been used in several films including Men of the Fighting Lady, Midway, and The Hunt for Red October.
# Panagia Galaktotrofousa monastery

Panagia Galaktotrofousa monastery (Greek: Ιερά Μονή Παναγίας Γαλακτοτροφούσας) is a small Christian Orthodox monastery dedicated to the Virgin Mary and located in Kofinou, Cyprus.
In 2012 there were only three monks living in the monastery. The monastery consists of dormitories, a church in the courtyard and some furnished rooms used as an exhibition space. One of the rooms shows the history of the monastery and another room includes a showcase cabinet with the ossicles of the founder of the monastery. The monks make a living by producing and selling olive oil.

## Image gallery

* The church of the monastery
* Church interior
* Monk working in the church
* Monk with the mummy of the founder of X-rays of his lungs
* Church museum
* Bottle of olive oil from the monastery
* The monks of the monastery
* Monk takes water outside
* Monk sitting in the sun
Google Maps
34°51′23″N 33°22′53″E﻿ / ﻿34.85639°N 33.38139°E﻿ / 34.85639; 33.38139
Template:Monasteries of Cyprus
* This article about an Eastern Orthodox monastery or other religious house is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
* This article about a building or structure in Cyprus is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Steinberg representation

In mathematics, the Steinberg representation, or Steinberg module or Steinberg character, denoted by St, is a particular linear representation of a reductive algebraic group over a finite field or local field, or a group with a BN-pair. It is analogous to the 1-dimensional sign representation ε of a Coxeter or Weyl group that takes all reflections to –1.
For groups over finite fields, these representations were introduced by Robert Steinberg (1951, 1956, 1957), first for the general linear groups, then for classical groups, and then for all Chevalley groups, with a construction that immediately generalized to the other groups of Lie type that were discovered soon after by Steinberg, Suzuki and Ree. Over a finite field of characteristic p, the Steinberg representation has degree equal to the largest power of p dividing the order of the group.
The Steinberg representation is the Alvis–Curtis dual of the trivial 1-dimensional representation.
Matsumoto (1969), Shalika (1970), and Harish-Chandra (1973) defined analogous Steinberg representations (sometimes called special representations) for algebraic groups over local fields. For the general linear group GL(2), the dimension of the Jacquet module of a special representation is always one.

## The Steinberg representation of a finite group

* The character value of St on an element g equals, up to sign, the order of a Sylow subgroup of the centralizer of g if g has order prime to p, and is zero if the order of g is divisible by p.
* The Steinberg representation is equal to an alternating sum over all parabolic subgroups containing a Borel subgroup, of the representation induced from the identity representation of the parabolic subgroup.
* The Steinberg representation is both regular and unipotent, and is the only irreducible regular unipotent representation (for the given prime p).
* The Steinberg representation is used in the proof of Haboush's theorem (the Mumford conjecture).
Most finite simple groups have exactly one Steinberg representation. A few have more than one because they are groups of Lie type in more than one way. For symmetric groups (and other Coxeter groups) the sign representation is analogous to the Steinberg representation. Some of the sporadic simple groups act as doubly transitive permutation groups so have a BN-pair for which one can define a Steinberg representation, but for most of the sporadic groups there is no known analogue of it.

## The Steinberg representation of a p-adic group

Matsumoto (1969), Shalika (1970), and Harish-Chandra (1973) introduced Steinberg representations for algebraic groups over local fields. Casselman (1973) showed that the different ways of defining Steinberg representations are equivalent. Borel & Serre (1976) and Borel (1976) showed how to realize the Steinberg representation in the cohomology group H$^l$ $_c$(X) of the Bruhat–Tits building of the group.
# State/Space theory

State/Space theory constitutes a new branch of social and political geography in which the issues of space as a geographic element are considered for their influence on political relationships and outcomes. Leading scholars include Neil Brenner at the Harvard Graduate School of Design, and Bob Jessop at Lancaster University in England, United Kingdom.
Other relevant scholars include the following: Henri Lefebvre, Charles Tilly, Saskia Sassen, and Edward W. Soja.
# Ispatinow Island

Ispatinow Island is an island in Cree Lake in the Northern Administration District of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It is the largest island on Cree Lake.
At the western end of the island is a fly-in fishing lodge. The lodge has cabins, walled tents, a firepit area, and 16 or 18-foot aluminum boats for guests. It is serviced by two airports — Cree Lake/Crystal Lodge (Midgett Field) Aerodrome and Cree Lake (Crystal Lodge) Water Aerodrome.
# Gwaebangsan (South Gyeongsang)

Gwaebangsan is a mountain of South Gyeongsang Province, southeastern South Korea. It has an elevation of 450 metres.
# 2022 Champaign–Urbana Challenger

The 2022 Champaign–Urbana Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the 26th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2022 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Champaign, Illinois, United States between November 14 and November 20, 2022.

## Singles main-draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| USA | Denis Kudla | 104 | 1 |
| USA | Steve Johnson | 108 | 2 |
| USA | Christopher Eubanks | 120 | 3 |
| USA | Ben Shelton | 128 | 4 |
| USA | Stefan Kozlov | 159 | 5 |
| AUS | Aleksandar Vukic | 165 | 6 |
| USA | Aleksandar Kovacevic | 177 | 7 |
| CHN | Shang Juncheng | 184 | 8 |
* $^1$ Rankings are as of November 7, 2022.

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Mathis Debru
* Hunter Heck
* Kārlis Ozoliņš
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* August Holmgren
* Strong Kirchheimer
* Patrick Kypson
* Iñaki Montes de la Torre
* Alexander Petrov
* Ethan Quinn
The following player received entry as a lucky loser:
* Evan Zhu

## Champions
### Singles

* Ben Shelton def. Aleksandar Vukic 0–6, 6–3, 6–2.

### Doubles

* Robert Galloway / Hans Hach Verdugo def. Ezekiel Clark / Alfredo Perez 3–6, 6–3, [10–5].
# Be-Ge Hockey Center

Be-Ge Hockey Center, formerly Arena Oskarshamn, is the home ice of Swedish ice-hockey team IK Oskarshamn, located in the south-east of Sweden. The arena was completely rebuilt and renovated in 2004-2005 and has a capacity of 3,275 people (2018/2019).
The arena, earlier known as Oskarshamns ishall, was inaugurated on 10 November 1974, with a game where Old Team Sweden defeated IK Oskarshamn, back then known as IK70, 6–2, in front of 2,600 spectators. The first international game inside the arena was played on 15 December 1974, a junior game where the Soviet Union defeated Sweden, 5–2.
57°15′49.6″N 16°26′09.6″E﻿ / ﻿57.263778°N 16.436000°E﻿ / 57.263778; 16.436000
# Rudolf Langer

Rudolf Langer (born 29 March 1939) is a retired German athlete. He competed at the 1964 Summer Olympics in the men's shot put and finished in 11th place. His wife Johanna Lüttge competed in the women's shot put at the same Olympics. His personal best is 19.83 m (1969).
# Saproscincus eungellensis

Saproscincus eungellensis, the Eungella shadeskink, is a species of skink found in Queensland in Australia.
# Rian Marques

Rian de Souza Marques (born 1982 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), commonly known as Rian Marques, is a Brazilian footballer who currently plays for Thailand Yamaha League 1 club Thai Honda as a midfielder.

## Football career
### Begin

He began his career in Botafogo F.R. youth team in 1997. He was transferred to Europe in 1998 to PSV Eindhoven youth team and began his career as professional one year after in Belgium for K.F.C. Turnhout (today's K.V. Turnhout).

### Guatemala and Finland

After this season he played to Guatemala in Juventud Retalteca and the next season he returned to Europe to play in Finland in the squad of Pallo-Iirot.

### Qatar

After his great season in Finland he was transferred to Qatar. His first club in Qatar was Al-Mesaimeer. After the great season he was transferred to Al-Shamal who was interested in him and he signed a two-years contract.

### Thailand

After three years in Qatar, he had an offer to play in Thailand at Bangkok United, where he played for five months, being sold to Nakhon Ratchasima the same country.

### Hong Kong

On 20 July 2013, he joined Hong Kong First Division League club Hong Kong Rangers for an undisclosed fee. On 18 September 2013, he was announced on Facebook Page of Yuen Long District SA, also Hong Kong First Division League club.

### Thailand

After almost one year in Hong Kong, he moves back to the Thailand. This time is to play in Thai Honda, a club in Yamaha League 1 and sponsored by Honda Motor.

## Honours
### PSV Eindhoven

   * Philips Cup
          Winner: 1999

### Turnhout

   * Antwerpen Tournament
          Winner: 2002

### Al-Mesaimeer

   * Qatargas League
          3rd Place: 2009–10

### Al-Shamal

   * Qatargas League
          Runner-Up: 2010–11

### Thai Honda F.C.

   * Regional League Bangkok Area Division
          Champion: 2014
# Warm Night

"Warm Night" is a song by Swedish band The Concretes from their debut album The Concretes. Its original Scandinavian release as a single took place in 2003. It was re-released in the United Kingdom on December 13, 2004. "Warm Nights" can be describes as Swedish 'Indie-pop.'

## Track listings
### 2003 Scandinavian release

* CD LFCD008
* "Warm Night"
* "Final Goal"

### 2004 UK release

* 7" LFD7015, CD LFCD015
* "Warm Night" - 3:37
* "Seems Fine Shuffle" - 2:47
* "Lady December" - 4:39
* "The Warrior" - 3:31
# Say Something New

"Say Something New" is a 2004 single by The Concretes.

## Track listing

* "Say Something New"
* "Forces"
* "Sugar"
* "Miss You"

## Release history

* CD-single LFCD009, Scandinavian release
* CD-promo LFCDDJ010, UK promo
* CD-single LFCD010, UK release
* 12" vinyl, LFE010, UK release

## Charts

| Year | Chart | Position |
| 2004 | UK Indie Chart | 46 |