# Microsoft Visual Studio Express

Microsoft Visual Studio Express was a set of integrated development environments (IDEs) that Microsoft developed and released free of charge. They are function-limited version of the non-free Visual Studio and require mandatory registration. Express editions started with Visual Studio 2005.
In 2013, Microsoft began supplanting Visual Studio Express with the more feature-rich Community edition of Visual Studio, which is available free of charge with a different license that disallow some scenarios in enterprise settings. The last version of the Express edition is the desktop-only 2017.

## 2005–2010: Language-centric editions
### History

Visual Studio 2005 Express, the first version of the Express edition, was released in October 2005. It runs on Windows 2000 SP4 and later. The first service pack for 2005 Express was released in December 2006. This version is freeware and requires no registration.
Visual Studio 2008 Express reached general availability in November 2007. Its first service pack was first publicly available in on 11 August 2008. This version requires Windows XP SP3, although it can develop apps compatible with Windows 2000. Microsoft introduced mandatory registration in this version.
Visual Studio 2010 Express was released in April 2010, alongside Visual Studio 2010. While most of its components (see below) ran on Windows XP, its Windows Phone component needed Windows Vista.

### Characteristics

The 2005, 2008, and 2010 versions of Visual Studio Express consist of several standalone IDEs, each of which is focused on a single programming language:
* Visual Basic Express (the Visual Basic .NET language)
* Visual C++ Express (the Visual C++ language)
* Visual C# Express (the C# language)
* Visual J# Express (the ill-fated J# language, 2005 only)
* Visual Web Developer Express (ASP.NET)
* Visual Studio Express for Windows Phone (2010 only)

### Visual Basic Express

Visual Basic Express has the following limitations:
* No IDE support for databases other than SQL Server Express and Microsoft Access
* No support for web applications with ASP.NET (although, it is supported by Visual Web Developer Express)
* No support for developing for mobile devices (no templates or emulators)
* Absence of Crystal Reports
* Fewer project templates (e.g. Windows services template and Excel Workbook template are unavailable)
* Limited options for debugging and breakpoints
* No support for creating Windows Services (needs a separate project template)
* No support for OpenMP
* Limited deployment options for finished programs
* No code folding
Visual Basic 2008 Express includes the following improvements over 2005:
* Includes the visual Windows Presentation Foundation designer codenamed "Cider"
* Debugs at runtime
* Better IntelliSense support
** Fixes common spelling errors
** Corrects most forms of invalid syntax
** Provides suggestions to class names when specified classes are not found
Visual Basic 2005 and Visual Basic 2008 Express feature a Visual Basic 6.0 converter that makes it possible to upgrade Visual Basic 6.0 projects to Visual Basic.NET. The converter is not included with the Visual Basic 2010 Express.

### Visual Web Developer Express

Visual Web Developer Express is a freeware web development tool that allows developers to evaluate the web development and editing capabilities of the other Visual Studio editions at no charge. Its main function is to create ASP.NET websites. It has a WYSIWYG interface, drag-and-drop user interface designer, enhanced HTML and code editors, a limited database explorer, support for CSS, JavaScript and XML, and integrated, design-time validation for standards including XHTML 1.0/1.1 and CSS 2.1.
Visual Web Developer 2005 Express lacks certain features, such as the Accessibility Checker, the ability to create standalone class library projects, third-party add-ins and macros. Visual Web Developer 2008 Express SP1 supports both class library and web application projects. It also includes a new integrated HTML designer based on Microsoft Expression Web. However, this edition cannot publish self-developed websites.

### Visual C++ Express

Visual C++ Express compiles .NET and Win32 applications in 32-bit only. It includes Windows SDK's compilers and core files, which developers can use to build Win32 applications.
Limitations of Visual C++ Express:
* No support for MFC or ATL. These libraries can, however, be installed from an older version of the Windows SDK and Windows Driver Kit, or a Visual Studio Trial installation.
* Lack of a resource editor, which is available in commercial editions of Visual Studio.
* No profiling support.
* No support for add-ins or IDE macros.
* No option for crash dump generation.
* No "list of all breakpoints" window.
* No support for cross-language debugging, for example, a C# application calling a C++ DLL.
Limitations in earlier versions:
* No out-of-box support for developing 64-bit applications (prior to 2012).
* No support for OpenMP (prior to 2012).
* The debugger cannot be attached to a running process (prior to 2010).
While Microsoft lists memory windows as unavailable in Visual Studio 2010 Express, third parties have reported that they are available when Expert Settings are enabled.
Many open-source projects have started providing project files created with Visual C++ Express; noteworthy examples include the Ogre and Irrlicht engines. Modding kits for commercial engines, such as Valve's Source engine, also support this development system.

### Visual C# Express

Visual C# Express is a free, lightweight, integrated development environment (IDE) designed for novice developers, students and hobbyists to create applications and (when combined with the XNA Game Studio) video games for Windows, Xbox 360 and Zune. It can build console, Windows Forms and Windows Presentation Foundation applications, and class libraries.
Microsoft has found that a substantial community of game players are taking up C# programming.
Visual C# Express does not have a breakpoint control panel; breakpoints can only be toggled. The following refactoring modes were also unavailable:
* Encapsulate field
* Promote local to parameter
* Reorder parameters
* Remove parameters
* Extract interface
The limitations effectively reduce the refactoring capabilities of Visual C# Express to renaming and extracting methods. According to Microsoft, the reason the listed features are absent is "to simplify the C# Express user experience". Some users remarked that the omission of refactoring capabilities removed useful functionality without actually simplifying use.
The ability to attach the debugger to an already-running process is also unavailable, hindering scenarios such as writing Windows services and re-attaching a debugger under ASP.NET when errors under the original debugging session cause breakpoints to be ignored.

## 2012–2017: Ecosystem-centric

For the 2012 release of Visual Express, Microsoft changed its distribution of editions so that each version is geared toward an overall solution type, and can contain more than one project type. (This is unlike previous Express editions, each of which was geared around a single programming language.) For example, a web solution might consist of a web application project and a couple of C# class-library projects. This change was made to reflect the wide diversity of applications available for the web and the new WinRT platform used on Windows 8 and Windows Phone 8.
Microsoft has released five Visual Studio Express 2012 products:
| Edition | Description | Desktop OS | Server OS |
| Visual Studio Express 2012 for Web | Allows development of web applications. Includes integrated features for deploying to Microsoft's Windows Azure cloud computing platform. | Windows 7 SP1 Windows 8 | Windows Server 2008 R2 (only x64) Windows Server 2012 |
| Visual Studio Express 2012 for Windows 8 | Allows development of Metro-style applications for Windows Store in C#, VB.NET, C++ and JavaScript. Note: This edition runs only on Windows 8. | Windows 8 | — |
| Visual Studio Express 2012 for Windows Desktop | Allows development of conventional Windows desktop applications in C#, VB.NET and C++, targeting Windows client technologies such as Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF), Windows Forms, and the Win32 API. Unlike previous Express editions, it has built-in support for compiling 64-bit applications through IDE. Update 1 adds support for Windows XP in C++ applications. | Windows 7 SP1 Windows 8 | Windows Server 2008 R2 (only x64) Windows Server 2012 |
| Visual Studio Team Foundation Server Express 2012 | Provides source control, work-item tracking, application lifecycle management and build automation for teams of up to five developers. | Windows 7 SP1 Windows 8 | Windows Server 2008 SP2 (only x64) Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1 (only x64) Windows Server 2012 |
| Visual Studio Express 2012 for Windows Phone | Consists of the Windows Phone 8 SDK that enables developing applications for Windows Phone 7.5 and Windows Phone 8 and testing them on an emulator. Supports C++, .NET Framework and DirectX. As part of its .NET Framework support, it can integrate with Microsoft Expression Blend. | Windows 8 (x64 only) | — |
In October 2013, Microsoft released four new versions of its Visual Studio Express products. Like the 2012 Express edition, they are geared toward an overall solution type that may mix different types of projects. However, different IDEs are still offered for different destination platforms. They are:
* Visual Studio Express 2013 for Web
* Visual Studio Express 2013 for Windows: Note: Works on Windows 8.1 only (x86 and x64).
* Visual Studio Express 2013 for Windows Desktop
* Visual Studio Team Foundation Server Express 2013
Note that Visual Studio Express for Windows Phone was not released in the set of 2013 products, but Visual Studio Express for Windows Phone is now merged with Visual Studio Express for Windows 2013.2. With this new release, Windows 8.1 x86 is now supported for Windows Phone 8.1 development, but not for Windows Phone 8.0 development or the Windows Phone Emulator, the latter of which also requires a processor that supports Client Hyper-V and Second Level Address Translation (SLAT).
The Visual Studio Express 2015 editions are:
* Express for Desktop – for creating desktop Windows programs
* Express for Web - for creating responsive websites, web APIs, or "real-time online experiences"
* Express for Windows – core tools for creating Universal Windows Platform apps. Requires Windows 10.
* Team Foundation Server 2015 Express – platform for source code control, for project management, and for team collaboration
Microsoft terminated the Visual Studio Express lineage with the release of Visual Studio Express 2017 for Windows Desktop. This last release has no siblings specialized in Web or UWP projects. Developers interested a free solution for those projects were instead directed towards Visual Studio Community Edition or Visual Studio Code.