OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Menthyl nicotinate

Menthyl nicotinate is an organic compound with the formula C$_{16}$H$_{23}$NO$_2$. It is the ester of nicotinic acid (niacin, vitamin B3) and menthol. At room temperature, menthyl nicotinate is a colorless, odorless, viscous liquid.
Being a topical lipophilic niacin derivative, menthyl nicotinate is used in cosmetics and personal care products, personal lubricants and intimate hygiene compositions.
Menthyl nicotinate is rapidly absorbed through the stratum corneum and slowly hydrolyzed by skin esterase into niacin and menthol. Such time-dependent release of niacin and menthol, in an equimolar ratio, prevents the excessive niacin-flush effect that is usually observed with other nicotinates.
Niacin is a precursor to coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), which is essential to all cellular processes involved in immune response and DNA-repairing of photodamaged skin cells.
Niacin has also been used and tested for the purpose of enhancing detoxification by removing skin lipid-stored xenobiotics.
In vitro testing has evidenced menthyl nicotinate's fast skin absorption kinetics and slow percutaneous delivery of niacin.
Its antioxidant, antipollution, and protective efficacy against different kinds of damaging agents (UV radiation, oxidizing agents, urban particulates, and cigarette smoke) has also been evaluated. Results indicate that menthyl nicotinate significantly enhances skin barrier function.
# Rossellidae

Rossellidae is a family of glass sponges belonging to the order Lyssacinosa. The family has a cosmopolitan distribution and is found at a large range of depths (8–6,770 m (26–22,211 ft), and likely deeper).

## Description

The body is usually a cup-like structure. In stalked forms the body can be mushroom-like. Spicules protruding beyond the sponge surface, when present, are diactines (spicules with two pointed arms) or specialised outwardly protruding hypodermal pentactines (five pointed spicules).
The choanosomal skeleton consists of diactines, sometimes together with less frequent hexactines (spicules with six prongs). A large variety of microscleres occur in this family, including a variety of holactinoidal and asterous spicules.

## Subfamilies and genera

As of 2017, WoRMS recognizes three subfamilies and twenty-six genera in the family:
* Subfamily Acanthascinae Schulze, 1897
** Acanthascus Schulze, 1886
** Rhabdocalyptus Schulze, 1886
** Staurocalyptus Ijima, 1897
* Subfamily Lanuginellinae Gray, 1872
** Calycosoma Schulze, 1899
** Caulophacus Schulze, 1886
** Doconesthes Topsent, 1928
** Lanuginella Schmidt, 1870
** Lanugonychia Lendenfeld, 1915
** Lophocalyx Schulze, 1887
** Mellonympha Schulze, 1897
** Sympagella Schmidt, 1870
* Subfamily Rossellinae Schulze, 1885
** Anoxycalyx Kirkpatrick, 1907
** Aphorme Schulze, 1899
** Asconema Kent, 1870
** Aulosaccus Ijima, 1896
** Bathydorus Schulze, 1886
** Crateromorpha Gray in Carter, 1872
** Hyalascus Ijima, 1896
** Nodastrella Dohrmann, Göcke, Reed & Janussen, 2012
** Rossella Carter, 1872
** Schaudinnia Schulze, 1900
** Scyphidium Schulze, 1900
** Symplectella Dendy, 1924
** Trichasterina Schulze, 1900
** Vazella Gray, 1870
** Vitrollula Ijima, 1898
# Frederick Cathcart

Frederick Cathcart (1859–1934) was a British impresario, who was the Clerk of the Course and Chairman of Cheltenham Racecourse from 1908 to 1934. He was responsible for the development of Cheltenham as the world headquarters of National Hunt racing, establishing the Cheltenham Festival as the leading National Hunt event in the racing calendar, and for instigating two of its major races – the Cheltenham Gold Cup and the Champion Hurdle. In 1999, industry paper the Racing Post named him at number 11 in the list of 100 Makers of 20th Century Racing.
He was born in 1859, the son of a professional comedian. He joined racecourse management firm Pratt & Co in 1895 and progressed to be senior partner.
In 1911 he gave the National Hunt Meeting (the precursor to the Cheltenham Festival) a permanent home at Cheltenham and set about expanding it. Under his leadership, the inaugural runnings of the Cheltenham Gold Cup (1924) and Champion Hurdle (1927) were held.
On his death, one obituary read, "He was indefatigable in his efforts to increase the popularity and public appeal of the race meetings with which he was associated ... Much of the success of the 'chasing at Cheltenham was due to Mr Cathcart's energy and enterprise."
The Cathcart Challenge Cup (later replaced by the Ryanair Chase) at the Cheltenham Festival meeting was named in his honour.
# Lo

Lo may refer to any of the following:

## Arts and entertainment

* Comic LO, a Japanese lolicon-focused erotic manga magazine
* Lo!, the third published nonfiction work of the author Charles Fort
* L.O., a fictional character in the Playhouse Disney show Happy Monster Band
* Lo (film), a 2009 independent film
* Lo Recordings, a London-based record company established in 1995
* Law & Order (franchise), several related American television series created by Dick Wolf
* Lost Odyssey, a 2007 role-playing video game
* Lore Olympus, a 2018 webcomic by Rachel Smithe
** Lore Olympus (TV series), an in-development adaptation by The Jim Henson Company

## Businesses and organizations

* Legal observer, a third-party organization that monitors protests or war zones in the interest of protecting human and civil rights
* Lo Recordings, a London-based record company established in 1995
* LO, abbreviation used for the national confederation of trade unions in several Scandinavian countries:
** Landsorganisationen i Danmark (Danish Confederation of Trade Unions)
** Landsorganisasjonen i Norge (Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions)
** Landsorganisationen i Sverige (Swedish Trade Union Confederation)
* Lutte Ouvrière ("workers' struggle"), a far-left French political party
* Leigh & Orange, an architectural company in Hong Kong
* London Overground, a state-run train operating company in London, United Kingdom
* LOT Polish Airlines (IATA code LO)

## Languages

* Loo language, an Adamawa language of Nigeria
* Lo-Toga language, an Oceanic language of Vanuatu
* Guro language, a Mande language of Ivory Coast
* lo, ISO 639-1 code for the Lao language

## People

* Lo (given name)
* Lô, a Senegalese surname
* Leandro Lo (1989–2022), Brazilian jiu-jitsu black belt competitor
* Lu (surname), Chinese surnames romanized as Lo according to the Cantonese pronunciation
** Lu (surname 盧), written 卢 in simplified character
** Lu (surname 魯), written 鲁 in simplified character
** Lu (surname 路)
** Lu (surname 蘆), written 芦 in simplified character
* Luo (surname) (羅/罗 or 駱/骆), a Chinese surname often romanized as Lo
* Lhoba people, also known as "Lo", tribespeople living in Southeastern Tibet

## Places

* Lo (island), of the Torres group in Vanuatu
* Kingdom of Lo, an ancient culturally Tibetan kingdom now known as Mustang in Nepal
* Lo, Belgium, a municipality in Belgium
* Lô River, a river of Vietnam
* Lake Orion, Michigan
* Lake Oswego, Oregon

## Science and technology

* Lo, an obsolete genus of rabbitfishes, now included in Siganus
* "Lo", the first message to travel across ARPANET, later to become the internet
* Learning object, in education and data management
* Left only, the left channel of the stereo Left only/Right only downmix
* LibreOffice, an open-source office software suite
* Local oscillator in, for example, a superheterodyne receiver

## Other uses

* Liceum ogólnokształcące, a type of general academic high school in the Polish education system
* Loop jump, in figure skating scoring
* Lo mein, a dish
# The Lost Prestige

The Lost Prestige (Persian: حیثیت گمشده, romanized: Heysiat-e Gomshodeh) is a 2023 Iranian drama thriller television miniseries written by Ahmad Solgi and directed by Sajad Pahlevanzadeh, and starring Mehdi Hosseininia, Mehdi Zaminpardaz, Behzad Khalaj, Elnaz Habibi, Amir Norouzi and Bahareh Afshari. The first episode was released on Filimo on July 14, 2023.

## Plot

After many years, Amir (Mehdi Hosseininia) and Hajar (Bahareh Afshari) could not give birth to a child. The man's life is full of sarcasm and blame from people. Words and pressure from others have affected their marriage and they are no longer as close and happy as before. One day when Amir was at work, he gets a call from the hospital and was told that his wife had an accident and an anonymous child was with her which is dead now.

## Cast

* Mehdi Hosseininia as Amir Aghabeigi
* Mehdi Zaminpardaz as Rasoul
* Behzad Khalaj as Esmail / Safdar Kouti
* Elnaz Habibi as Tahmineh Aghabeigi
* Amir Norouzi as Farshad
* Bahareh Afshari as Hajar Falahzadeh
* Setareh Pesyani as Soheila Zarei
* Nader Fallah as Hashem Aghabeigi
* Ashkan Delavari as Ahmad Bolour
* Arash Falahatpisheh as Saeed Rostami
# Perfect Sound Whatever

Perfect Sound Whatever is a 2019 book by James Acaster charting his project to catalogue the music of 2016, with the aim of proving that 2016 was 'the best year for music ever'. The book is named after the song of the same name by Jeff Rosenstock.

## Synopsis

In 2017, Acaster broke up with his girlfriend and terminated his relationship with his agent. He was also exhausted from recording several live stand up specials and an unrelenting touring schedule. This combination of events left him feeling depressed and lost. Acaster found solace in purchasing music albums from the year 2016, initially as an effort to reconnect with music, something he had previously gotten great joy from, and felt that he had lost. Eventually, this project saw him purchasing over 500 albums from various artists and genres, the only thing connecting them being the publication year of 2016. Eventually, Acaster becomes convinced that 2016 was 'the best year for music ever'.
The book lists all the albums that Acaster purchased as part of his project, with a brief description of each one, accompanied by various stories from Acaster's earlier life, his experience playing in the band 'The Wow! Scenario' and the events that led up to the project.

## Albums featured in the book

* Worry by Jeff Rosenstock
* The Dreaming Room by Laura Mvula
* Lemonade by Beyoncé
* Blackstar by David Bowie
* Splendor & Misery by Clipping
* The Life of Pablo by Kanye West
* A Seat at the Table by Solange Knowles
* Untitled Unmastered by Kendrick Lamar
* Telefone by Noname
* The Party by Andy Shauf
* A Moon Shaped Pool by Radiohead
* Skeleton Tree by Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds
* 22, A Million by Bon Iver
* Blonde by Frank Ocean
* Howdilly Doodilly by Okilly Dokilly
* Black Terry Cat by Xenia Rubinos
# Gavin Campbell (presenter)

Gavin Charles Alexander Campbell (born 17 March 1946) is a businessman and a former actor and television presenter, mostly known for his stint on That's Life! from 1982 until the show ended in 1994.

## Early life

Campbell was born in Letchworth in Hertfordshire, where he grew up. His father was a welder, and his mother later became involved in the women's peace movement. He was educated at St Christopher School, a boarding independent school in the town of Letchworth Garden City in Hertfordshire, followed by the Central School of Speech and Drama in London.

## Career
### Actor

Campbell began his career as an actor from 1970–71. He was an actor for 15 years. He played the part of Spencer Bodily in a 1970 episode of Department S. He also played the part of a motorcycle policeman in the 1971 film adaptation of the TV sitcom On The Buses and Inspector Harry Morgan in the 1978 film The Playbirds.

### Presenter

Campbell was a presenter on the BBC consumer television show That's Life!. Around 1983 That's Life was attracting 19 million viewers.
In the 1997 general election Campbell presented a video presentation for the Referendum Party, seeking the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the European Union. Five million copies of a VHS cassette with the video were sent to households in target constituencies.
Campbell ran a company called One Hand Clapping Ltd from 1998–2002 with his wife.
Until 2001, he worked for the Money Channel, which later went bankrupt.
In 2001 he wrote a personal finance column for The Mail on Sunday.
Since 2003, Campbell has been part of a company called First Growth Direct, based in Lew Trenchard in Devon, which imports wine. Before becoming an actor he had worked as a plongeur in Paris. He has a house in France at Auxerre. He had been a wine director at Berry Brothers and Rudd of London.

## Personal life

Campbell lives in Bedford Park, London, near the start of the M4. He married Elizabeth (Liz) in 1985 in Wiltshire and they have four daughters and his wife worked in television. He ran his first London Marathon in 1988, taking 3 hours and 49 minutes. He later ran in aid of the deafblindness charity Sense. He plays the euphonium.
# Tapupere

Tapupere is a village in Rapla Parish, Rapla County in northwestern Estonia.
# Byzantine chain

A Byzantine chain is a metal intricate design used in jewelry that incorporates a rope-like texture and organic textural design. The chains are supple and flexible, and drape well. The origin of the name Byzantine is not known.
The chain is a 4 in 1 chain meaning that each link passes through four others. It is a variation on the Box chain whose links point in a constant direction, unlike Byzantine whose links alternate in direction.
The pattern has also been called 'Etruscan', 'Birdcage', 'Fool's Dilemma', 'Idiot's Trap', 'Idiot's Delight', and 'Bird's Nest' but Byzantine is the most common name.
# Cixiinae

Cixiinae is a planthopper subfamily in the family Cixiidae. It is one of three such subfamilies, the other two being the Bothriocerinae and the Borystheninae. While a few species had been tested in a larger study of the Fulgoroidea, neither the Cixiinae nor its tribes were analysed cladistically until 2002. Resolution of tribal relationships is incomplete and additional testing of the tribes with samples larger than one per tribe is needed.

## Tribes

In 1938 Metcalf divided the Cixiinae into tribes, including the Cixiini and Oecleini of Muir; however, those divisions were seldom referred to and remained unanalysed for decades. Subsequently, the Stenophlepsiini were returned to the Cixiinae, and the Pentastirini were subdivided into the Pentastirina and Oliarina subtribes. However, Oliarina was later synonymized under Pentastirina. In 2002, Emeljanov created seven new tribes and in 2004 subtribe Mnemosynina of tribe Pentastirini was raised to tribal level as the Mnemosynini.
Currently there are sixteen recognized tribes, although some tribes lack adequate description:
* Andini Emeljanov, 2002
* Bennarellini Emeljanov, 1989
* Bennini Metcalf, 1938
* Brixidiini Emeljanov, 2002
* Brixiini Emeljanov, 2002
* Cajetini Emeljanov, 2002
* Cixiini Muir, 1923 - non-monophyletic
* Duiliini Emeljanov, 2002
* Eucarpiini Emeljanov, 2002 - monophyletic
* Gelastocephalini Emeljanov, 2000 - putatively monophyletic
* Mnemosynini Szwedo, 2004 - one extant genus Mnemosyne (planthopper) Stål, 1866 (5 extinct)
* Oecleini Muir, 1922 - non-monophyletic
* Pentastirini Emeljanov, 1971 - monophyletic
* Pintaliini Metcalf, 1938 - non-monophyletic
* Semonini Emeljanov, 2002 - putatively monophyletic
* Stenophlepsiini Metcalf, 1938
# Martha Chizuma

Martha Chizuma was director of Malawi's anti-corruption bureau. She was appointed on 29 April 2021 after serving as Malawi's first woman ombudsman since 2015. Her contract was not renewed after it ended in 31 March 2024. Prior to that, she served as the Senior Resident Magistrate in the courts of Malawi.

## Life

She was the penultimate child of eleven born in Nkula Falls in about 1989. Her parents came from Nkhotakota.

## Education

Chizuma studied at Chancellor College in Zomba leaving with a law qualification. She has a Masters of Laws in International Economic Law from the University of East London and Bachelor of Laws with Honors (LLB) from University of Malawi, Chancellor College.
When she was appointed to be Senior Resident Magistrate she was the youngest and only woman in that role in Malawi's northern region. She continued on that path, in 2015 she was the youngest ombudsman in Africa at the age of 36.

## Controversy

In January 2022, a phone call recording between Chizuma and an unidentified man was leaked. In the phone call, she alleged that judges and magistrates were part of a corruption syndicate. She was accused of being unprofessional for the alleged discussion.
In January 2022, members of Malawi's diplomatic missions also faulted Martha Chizuma for recruiting a United Kingdom agency to do investigations on behalf of the anti-corruption bureau.
On 6 December 2022, Chizuma was arrested in connection to a leaked audio clip in which she spoke with another person about the fight against corruption in the country. She was released on bail the same day of her arrest.
Following the pressure from the executive, Chizuma´s contract as Malawi's Anti-Corruption Bureau Director was not renewed. The Deputy Director General Hillary Chilomba was the Acting Director General from 5 June 2024. The interview process had to be restarted after it was discovered by Grace Malera and her Office of the Ombudsman that two people on the ACB shortlist (including Chiloma) failed to meet the criteria required for the position.
# Dominic Fursey Bodkin

Dominic Fursey Bodkin (23 July 1843 – 20 February 1929) was a Christian Brother and a Catholic educator in Australia and New Zealand.

## Early life

Bodkin was born near Tuam, County Galway, Ireland in 1843. He attended the Christian Brothers school in Tuam.

## Religious life

Aged 16 years, Bodkin entered the novitiate of the Christian Brothers in Dublin. He taught in a number of schools during his training, but mostly in Waterford.
Archbishop of Melbourne James Alipius Goold believed there was a need for religious teachers for schools in his diocese. In 1867 Goold visited Europe and with the assistance of the Cardinal Prefect of Propaganda (now the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples) he obtained the assistance of a group of Irish Christian Brothers. Bodkin, John Barnabas Lynch, Patrick Joseph Nolan and Patrick Ambrose Treacy left Ireland for Melbourne to establish the Christian Brothers in Australia, arriving in Port Philip Bay on the Donald Mckay on 18 November 1868. In 1869 they established their first school at the rear of St Francis Church in Elizabeth Street, Melbourne. Their monastery and second school, Parade College, was established in Victoria Parade, East Melbourne.
On 24 April 1876, Bodkin opened a school in Rattray Street, Dunedin, New Zealand, becoming its first principal. In 1989 this school merged with other Catholic schools in Dunedin to become Trinity Catholic College (formerly Kavanagh College).
Bodkin was the first principal of St Joseph's College, Nudgee in Brisbane, Queensland, which opened in 1891.
He returned to Dunedin and then about 1904 moved to Western Australia where he worked with orphans on farm schools.

## Later life

Aged 85 years, Bodkin died on 20 February 1929 at Clontarf Orphanage, Western Australia.
# Italian peninsula

42°00′N 14°00′E﻿ / ﻿42.000°N 14.000°E﻿ / 42.000; 14.000
The Italian peninsula (Italian: penisola italica or penisola italiana), also known as the Italic Peninsula, Apennine Peninsula, Italian Boot, or Mainland Italy, is a peninsula, within the Italian geographical region, extending from the southern Alps in the north to the central Mediterranean Sea in the south which comprises much of the country of Italy and the enclaved microstates of San Marino and Vatican City.

## Overview

It is nicknamed lo Stivale ("the Boot"), because the shape of the peninsula resembles a high-heeled boot. Three smaller peninsulas contribute to this characteristic shape, namely Calabria ("the Toe"), Salento ("the Heel") and Gargano ("the Spur"). The backbone of the Italian peninsula consists of the Apennine Mountains, from which it takes one of its names. The peninsula comprises much of Italy and also includes the enclaved microstates of San Marino and Vatican City.

## Physical geography

Geographically, the minimum extent of the Italian peninsula consists of the land south of a line extending from the Magra to the Rubicon rivers, north of the Tuscan–Emilian Apennines. It excludes the Po Valley and the southern slopes of the Alps. The Italian peninsula has the only active volcano on continental Europe, Mount Vesuvius.

## Political geography

In general discourse, "Italy" and the "Italian peninsula" are often used as synonymous terms. However, northern Italy may be excluded from the Italian peninsula. From a political point of view, the Italian peninsula in the strict sense (therefore excluding insular Italy and northern Italy) is divided into various states listed in the following table:
| Country | Population | Peninsular area | Peninsular area | Peninsular area | Description |
| Country | Population | km$^2$ | sq mi | Share | Description |
| Italy | 26,140,000 | 131,275 | 50,686 | 99.9531% | Virtually the entire peninsula |
| San Marino | 31,887 | 61.2 | 23.6 | 0.0466% | A central-eastern enclave of peninsular Italy |
| Vatican City | 829 | 0.49 | 0.19 | 0.0003% | An enclave of Rome, Italy |
# Yili Health Valley station

Yili Health Valley station (Chinese: 伊利健康谷站; pinyin: Yīlì Jiànkāng Gǔ zhàn) is a station on Line 1 of the Hohhot Metro. The station was called Sanjianfang station (Chinese: 三间房站; pinyin: Sānjiānfáng zhàn) during planning and construction. It serves as the western terminus of the line and opened on 29 December 2019. It was named for the nearby Yili Health Valley.
# Beishan Park station

Beishan Park station (Chinese: 北山公园站; pinyin: Běishān Gōngyuán zhàn) is a station on Line 2 of the Hohhot Metro. The station is named after the Beishan Park. It is located in Xincheng District, Hohhot.
The station opened on 1 October 2020 as Xincheng Library station, and was renamed as Beishan Park station on 1 November 2023.