OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Błotkowo

Błotkowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lipno, within Leszno County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north-west of Lipno, 11 km (7 mi) north of Leszno, and 58 km (36 mi) south-western of the regional capital Poznań.
# Marimar Estate

Marimar Estate is a Californian winery located in Sonoma County, owned by Marimar Torres, the sister of Miguel A. Torres, President of Bodegas Torres.

## History

In 1986 Marimar Torres embarked on a project to plant a 60-acre (240,000 m$^2$) vineyard on the western hills of DO Russian River Valley, in Green Valley AVA, sub-appellation of Sonoma County, very close to the Pacific: with a cold microclimate that is suitable for Chardonnay and Pinot noir. The vineyard is called Don Miguel, after her father, Miguel Torres Carbó, who oversaw the worldwide expansion of the Torres family business. Of the vineyards 60 acres 30 are planted with Chardonnay and the other 30 with Pinot noir.

## Vineyards

The Doña Margarita vineyard, named after Marimar’s mother, was planted in 2002 in the Freestone Valley of the Sonoma Coast AVA. Although the estate has 180 acres (0.73 km$^2$), only 12 of these have been earmarked for vines and planted with Pinot noir. A large area of the estate remains uncultivated with wildlife and indigenous plant species.
At the Sonoma vineyard, the estate utilizes traditional Mediterranean viticultural practices, such as a vertical trellis for the vines, the choice of rootstocks that are more resistant to phylloxera and a planting density of 2 m x 1m (2,000 vines per acre). Since 2003 both vineyards have been subject to organic cultivation.

## Winery

The winery, with a capacity of 15,000 cases is located at the top of a hill in the middle of the vineyard.
# Dutch Reformed Church, Calvinia

The Dutch Reformed Church in Calvinia is a church building of the Dutch Reformed Church in Calvinia, South Africa built in 1899 and declared a National Memorial in 1982. The neo-Gothic building in the village named after Calvin is on the corner of Malan and De Villiers streets.
The community's first church was built in 1849. Two years later, a parsonage was built for the first pastor, Rev. Hofmeyr, who served for 99 years.

## Ministers

* Prof. N.J. Hofmeyr, 1851–1858
* Johannes Christoffel Truter, 1889–1896
* Marthinus Smuts Daneel, 1898–1906
* Murray Jooste, 1908–1932
* Cornelis Muller, 1932–1950 (accepts his emeritus)
* Pieter Jacobus Conradie, 1940–1941 (assistant preacher)
* Jacobus Claassen, 1945–1946
* Willem Carel van der Merwe, 1947–1950
* Albertus Wynand Christoffel Bester, 1971–1974
* Roy Cecil Thorne, 2007–6 December 2015
* Maryke van Niekerk, 2016–present
* Edward Archer, 2016–September 2017 (from 2005 to incorporation in 2016 Calvinia-Hantam; resigned)
# April Spring Friendship Art Festival

The April Spring Friendship Art Festival (Korean: 4월의 봄 친선예술축전) is the largest international competition held in North Korea since 1982.
The last performance took place in 2018 with 500 foreign shows. This was carried out in moments of tension due to joint military exercises between South Korea and the United States.
# Thomas Sanders (MP)

Thomas Sanders ( 1610–1695) was an English politician and military officer during the English Civil War who served as a Member of Parliament (MP) for Derbyshire in the Third Protectorate Parliament of January 1659, during the later years of the Interregnum under the rule of Richard Cromwell.
Thomas Sanders was born in Little Ireton( now part of Kirk Ireton), Derbyshire, in 1610. Not much is known about his early life, but he came from a family that was active in the affairs of Derbyshire, a region that was central to the military campaigns of the English Civil War.
Sanders played a significant role in the English Civil War as a Parliamentarian. He commanded a troop of horse in Derbyshire, a county that saw key military activity throughout the conflict. His superior officer was Sir John Gell, the commander in chief of Parliamentary forces in Derbyshire, Staffordshire, and Warwickshire from 1643. Sanders' relationship with Gell was fraught with tension and acrimony, with letters from the period documenting mutual accusations, particularly involving Gell's brother, Thomas Gell. After 1646 he became a Colonel of the Nottingham Regiment and served with distinction on the side of Parliament until 1654 when his commission was removed by Cromwell. In 1659 he was restored to his commission by king Charles II as he now supported the restoration of the monarchy.
Sanders was elected to represent Derbyshire in the Third Protectorate Parliament, which convened in January 1659 following the resignation of Oliver Cromwell's successor, Richard Cromwell. The parliament was called to address the growing instability of the Protectorate, as political factions vied for control over England's governance. Sanders' role in parliament coincided with a period of significant political tension, with increasing calls for the restoration of the monarchy and the decline of the republican government established after the English Civil War.
Little is known about Sanders' personal life and tenure in politics. Like many MPs of the time, his contributions were likely influenced by local concerns within Derbyshire, as well as broader national issues related to governance and religious settlement. He died in 1695.
# Błotnica, Greater Poland Voivodeship

Błotnica is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przemęt, within Wolsztyn County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 2 kilometres (1 mi) south of Przemęt, 19 km (12 mi) south-east of Wolsztyn, and 62 km (39 mi) south-west of the regional capital Poznań.
# Thuburbo Majus

Thuburbo Majus (or Thuburbo Maius) is a large Roman site in northern Tunisia. It is located roughly 60 km southwest of Carthage on a major African thoroughfare. This thoroughfare connects Carthage to the Sahara. Other towns along the way included Sbiba, Sufes, Sbeitla, and Sufetula. Parts of the old Roman road are in ruins, but others do remain.

## History

Thuburbo Majus or Colonia Julia Aurelia Commoda, its Roman name, was originally a Punic town, later founded as a Roman veteran colony by Augustus in 27 BC. Military veterans were sent to Thuburbo, among other sites, by Augustus to allow them to start their post-army lives with land of their own. Its strategic location and access to trade routes made it an important establishment. Ruins of the town are in the middle of the countryside with no towns in close proximity.
Most of the town was built around 150–200 and restored in the 4th century after the Crisis of the Third Century. It received a Capitolium in 168. The town was a productive grower of grain, olives, and fruit. Under Hadrian it was made a municipium, helping cause a growth in wealth, and Commodus made it a colony. The early third century Christian martyr Perpetua was born in the town.

## Excavations

A 1916 excavation found a tetrastyle temple. The building was decorated with statues of Apollo, Venus, Silvanus, Bacchus, the Dioscuri, and a satyr. Three perfume vases showed dogs pursuing rabbits.
In 1920 an inscription found in Thuburbo Majus written in honor of C. Vettius Sabinianus proved that several other inscriptions bearing that name were referring to the same person.
Remains of the house of Bacchus and Ariadne dating back to the early 5th century were excavated in 1925. Researchers found the town to be a valuable site, as evidence of food preparation in a garden was discovered. Those and other finds point to what daily life in ancient Rome might have been like. Mosaics found in the town date to the late 4th century. These mosaics depict items from nature, like a still life arrangement of food items and a sea filled with fish as young people fish from boats. They have been studied by archaeologist Aïcha Ben Abed. Another mosaic represents a nude Venus riding a chariot, with plant life surrounding her to represent well-being and fertility.
This town does not have fully restored buildings, but there are remains of a forum, the amphitheatre, temples, baths, houses, and other sites.

## Bishopric

The Bishopric was founded during the Roman Empire and survived through the Arian Vandal and Orthodox Byzantine empires, only ceasing to function with the Muslim conquest of the Maghreb. The diocese was refounded in name at least in the 20th century. Known bishops include:
* Sedatus, present at the Council of Carthage (256),
* Faustus, at the Council of Arles (314),
* Catholic Bishop Cyprianus, at the Council of Carthage (411),
* Donatist Bishop Rufinus, at the Council of Carthage, 411,
* Benenatus, exiled by the Vandal king Huneric, 484.
# Ailsa Chang

Ailsa Chang (born January 12, 1976) is an American journalist. She’s a host of the NPR newsmagazine All Things Considered. She is a former host of Planet Money and previously covered United States Congress for NPR. Prior to joining NPR in 2012, Chang was an investigative journalist at NPR member station WNYC in New York City. Since starting as a radio reporter in 2009, she has received numerous national awards for investigative reporting.

## Early life and education

Chang grew up in Los Altos, California, in the San Francisco Bay Area. Her parents were immigrants from Taiwan.
Chang is a graduate of Mountain View High School. She earned a bachelor of arts degree in public policy from Stanford University in 1998 and a Juris Doctor from Stanford Law School in 2001. She was a Fulbright Scholar at the University of Oxford, earning a master's degree in media law. In 2008, she completed a master's degree in journalism at Columbia University.

## Career

Chang served as law clerk to John T. Noonan, Jr., a judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.
After five years practicing law, Chang quit her job at age 30. She volunteered as an unpaid intern at NPR member station KQED in San Francisco, where she was living at the time. She returned to school and earned a master’s degree in journalism at Columbia University.
After journalism school, Chang joined NPR in 2008 as a Kroc Fellow in Washington D.C., where she wrote an investigative report into the public defender system of Detroit. The piece, which aired on NPR in 2009, was awarded the 2010 Daniel Schorr Journalism Prize.
She returned to KQED as a reporter, before joining WNYC in 2009, where she covered criminal justice, terrorism and the courts. At WNYC, Chang wrote an investigative report into "stop-and-frisk" search policies of New York City Police Department. The series, which aired on NPR in 2011, earned her a silver baton in the 2012 Alfred I. duPont–Columbia University Awards.
Chang returned to NPR in 2012. She was a correspondent for Planet Money and also reported on U.S. Congress activities, specifically immigration, healthcare and gun control. In 2018, she assumed co-host chair on the afternoon radio program All Things Considered. Chang has also appeared as a guest on PBS NewsHour and other television programs for her legal reporting.

## Awards

* 2001: Irvine Hellman, Jr. Special Award
* 2011: Art Athens Award for General Excellence in Individual Reporting for radio
* 2012: Alfred I. duPont–Columbia University Awards, Silver Baton
* 2015: National Journalism Award from the Asian American Journalists Association for coverage of Capitol Hill

## Personal life

Chang lives in Los Angeles, California, with her dog Mickey, a Shih Tzu, who she describes as “my absolute best friend in the whole wide world.”
# 2022 Balochistan local government elections

The 2022 Balochistan local government elections were held in 32 districts of Balochistan, Pakistan on 29 May 2022. Independent candidates won the most seats, while 1584 candidates were elected unopposed. According to the results, 98 candidates of Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (F), 71 of Balochistan Awami Party, 39 of Pashtunkhwa Milli Awami Party (PKMAP) and 37 of Balochistan National Party have won. Besides, National Party and PPP have won 26 seats, Tehreek-e-Insaf 7 seats and Pak Sarzamin Party (PSP) 5 seats.
# 1st West Virginia Veteran Infantry Regiment

The 1st West Virginia Veteran Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the last year of the American Civil War. It consisted primarily of veterans of older regiments whose terms of enlistment had expired.

## History

The 1st West Virginia Veteran Volunteer Infantry Regiment was mustered into Federal service on November 9, 1864, composed of re-enlisting veterans from the 5th and the 9th West Virginia Volunteer Infantry Regiments.
The regiment was mustered out of Federal service on July 21, 1865. Its lineage went on to be part of the 150th Cavalry Regiment in the modern-day West Virginia National Guard.

## Commanders

* Colonel William Henry Enochs
# Tom Noordhoff

Tom Noordhoff (born 19 July 1995) is a Dutch footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Tweede Divisie club Spakenburg.

## Club career
### Ajax

Noordhoff played youth football for VV Schoten and Stormvogels Telstar before joining Ajax' youth academy in 2007. On 11 May 2012, Noordhoff signed a three-year contract with Ajax, tying him down to the club until 30 June 2015. He made his debut for Jong Ajax in an Eerste Divisie match against Achilles '29 on 8 September 2013. He made a total of 15 appearances playing for the reserves team in the Dutch second division, while unable to break into the first team, his contract was not extended.

### Telstar

On 29 April 2015 it was announced that Noordhoff would return to SC Telstar, the club he had joined Ajax from during his youth years. In April 2016, it was announced that his contract would not be extended.

### Later career

Noordhoff signed with Almere City as his contract expired with Telstar, but he made no appearances for their first team during his sole season at the club.
On 11 April 2017, he signed with OFC Oostzaan competing in the Derde Divisie. There, he had ambitions of reaching the third-tier Tweede Divisie with the club.
Noordhoff signed with FC Lisse on 9 January 2019, joining the club from June 2019.
In November 2022, it was announced that Noordhoff would join Spakenburg at the start of the 2023–24 season. He was part of the team winning the Tweede Divisie in his first season the club.

## Career statistics

    As of match played 25 January 2025
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | KNVB Cup | KNVB Cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Jong Ajax | 2013–14 | Eerste Divisie | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 1 | 0 |
| Jong Ajax | 2014–15 | Eerste Divisie | 16 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 16 | 1 |
| Jong Ajax | Total | Total | 17 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 17 | 1 |
| Telstar | 2015–16 | Eerste Divisie | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 6 | 0 |
| Jong Almere City | 2016–17 | Derde Divisie | 27 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 27 | 0 |
| OFC Oostzaan | 2017–18 | Derde Divisie | 28 | 5 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 29 | 5 |
| OFC Oostzaan | 2018–19 | Derde Divisie | 21 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 24 | 9 |
| OFC Oostzaan | Total | Total | 49 | 14 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 53 | 14 |
| Lisse | 2019–20 | Derde Divisie | 20 | 1 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 20 | 1 |
| Lisse | 2020–21 | Derde Divisie | 4 | 1 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 5 | 1 |
| Lisse | 2021–22 | Derde Divisie | 33 | 1 | 2 | 1 | — | — | 35 | 2 |
| Lisse | 2022–23 | Tweede Divisie | 26 | 2 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 27 | 2 |
| Lisse | Total | Total | 83 | 5 | 4 | 1 | — | — | 87 | 6 |
| Spakenburg | 2023–24 | Tweede Divisie | 29 | 0 | 2 | 0 | — | — | 31 | 0 |
| Spakenburg | 2024–25 | Tweede Divisie | 18 | 1 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 19 | 1 |
| Spakenburg | Total | Total | 47 | 1 | 3 | 0 | — | — | 50 | 1 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 229 | 21 | 9 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 240 | 22 |
* ↑ Appearances in promotion/relegation play-offs

## Honours

Spakenburg
* Tweede Divisie: 2023–24
# Phonomotor

The phonomotor or "vocal engine" was a device invented by Thomas Edison in 1878 to measure the mechanical force of sound. It converted sound energy or sound power into rotary motion which could drive a machine such as a small saw or drill. It derived from his work on the telephone and phonograph.

## Operation

Sound waves entering a mouthpiece and falling on a diaphragm were conveyed by a piece of rubber tubing and a spring to a pawl, which vibrated against a very fine-toothed ratchet wheel. The diaphragm and mouthpiece were similar to those used on the phonograph. Vibrations caused by the voice caused a shaft and flywheel to rotate. Steady pressure from breath produced no motion, but some voices could produce rapid motion. The speed of rotation depended on the pitch of the sound. It was able to operate a small drill or saw which could bore or cut wood. When a long sustained sound got the flywheel up to an appreciable speed, considerable force was required to stop it.

## Impact

The Chicago Tribune in May 1878 predicted that it would be the basis for sound powered toys such as dolls which bow when spoken to, though none are known to have been marketed. Edison described it as a scientific toy. A U.S patent application was filed for the "Vocal Engine" in 1878, and a patent was granted on December 10 of that year. An 1884 Nature article on sound mills, similar devices to the phonomotor, reported that Edison's device, "literally accomplished the feat of talking a hole through a deal board." A restored model of the phonomotor is in the Edison Menlo Park laboratory exhibit at the Greenfield Village Museum in Dearborn, Michigan, and was exhibited in operation for visitors in the 1930s.
# Cegielnia Łąka

Cegielnia Łąka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kleczew, within Konin County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.
# Orange City

Orange City may refer to:
* Orange City, Florida, United States
* Orange City, Iowa, United States
* City of Orange, New Jersey, United States
* Orange, California, United States
* Orange, Vaucluse, France
* Nagpur, Maharashtra, India, nicknamed "Orange City"
* Bhawani Mandi, Rajasthan, India, nicknamed "Orange City"
* Hiwarkhed (Orange City), Amravati District, Maharashtra, India
* Warud, Maharashtra, India, nicknamed "Orange City"
# Yves du Manoir

Yves Frantz Loys Marie Le Pelley du Manoir, known as Yves du Manoir (11 August 1904 – 2 January 1928) was a French rugby player.
Du Manoir was born at Vaucresson, into an aristocratic family; his father and mother were Viscount and Viscountess Le Pelley. He excelled at tennis, rowing, swimming, gymnastics and running. He also liked motorcycles. But it was as a rugby player that he stood out. He joined Racing Club de France, a Paris club, as he lived in the prestigious Rue de Rennes in the centre of the city. He was a versatile back, a good kicker and an excellent tackler, who played generally as fly-half.
He won his first cap for France, at the age of 20, on 1 January 1925 at Colombes against Ireland. Despite a 9-3 defeat, his flamboyant style made him the darling of the crowd, who chanted his name during the game, and he was chosen as man of the match. He went on to get seven other caps, one as captain against Scotland in 1927.
The epitome of the perfect gentleman, Du Manoir was also a brain. He enrolled at the prestigious military school École polytechnique, where he graduated as an air force second lieutenant in 1925.
On 2 January 1928 France played Scotland, but Du Manoir had to decline the invitation because that day he had to take an exam at the military camp where he was officially stationed (in Avord, near Bourges) to obtain his diploma that would allow him to qualify as a military pilot. His a Caudron 59, crashed a few minutes after take-off. Apparently, one wheel had become entangled in the branches of a poplar. The players did not learn of the accident until the after-match functions. Georges Gerald, the France vice-captain and close friend of Du Manoir's with whom he played for Racing as centre, burst into tears as he was making the traditional speech.
A monument was built where the accident happened. Barely four months after his death, Racing Club de France renamed the stadium in his memory. France subsequently played almost all their international home fixtures at the ground until 1973. There is a statue of Du Manoir at the entrance of the stadium, where Racing Club de France played until 2017.
In 1932, Racing Club de France inaugurated a famous club competition named after him, the Challenge Yves du Manoir, dedicated to the spirit of open play.
# Olivier Missoup

Olivier Missoup is a French rugby union player, born 5 February 1981 in Neuilly-sur-Seine (Hauts-de-Seine), who plays as a flanker for US Oyonnax (1.93 m, 95 kg).

## Career

* Racing Métro 92
* Stade Français Paris
* 2005–2006 : Stade aurillacois
* 2006–2008 : US Oyonnax
* 2008–2012 : RC Toulon
* 2012–2014 : Stade Français Paris
* 2014- : US Oyonnax
# Jean-Baptiste Rué

Jean-Baptiste Rué (born 6 July 1974, in Boulogne-Billancourt, France) is a French rugby union player who plays hooker for SU Agen. He was playing when they lost the final of the Top 14 against Biarritz Olympique.
Rué made his international début for France in June 2002, against Australia, but would have to contend with Olivier Azam, Yannick Bru, but mostly Raphaël Ibañez for the French hooker number 2 shirt.