# Heinrich Füllgrabe

Heinrich Füllgrabe (26 July 1916 – 30 January 1945) was a Luftwaffe ace and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross during World War II. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership. After joining the Luftwaffe in the late 1930s, after his training as a fighter pilot, Füllgrabe was appointed to serve as the Unteroffizier 9./JG 52 in spring 1941. Füllgrabe became a member of one of the most efficient units of the Luftwaffe, Karaya Quartet, where he flew alongside Hermann Graf (212 kills), Alfred Grislawski (133) and Ernst Süß (68). Füllgrabe was killed on 30 January 1945 by Soviet anti-aircraft fire near Brieg in Silesia. During his career he was credited with 67 aerial victories, all of them on the Eastern Front, including five Il-2 Sturmoviks.

## Early life and career

Füllgrabe was born on 26 July 1916 in Witzenhausen in Hesse-Nassau, a province of the Kingdom of Prussia within the German Empire. Füllgrabe joined the military service of the Luftwaffe, initially serving as a mechanic with I. Gruppe (1st group) of Jagdgeschwader 234 (JG 234–234th Fighter Wing), which later became the I. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 26 "Schlageter" (JG 26–26th Fighter Wing). He was trained as a fighter pilot at the Jagdfliegerschule, the fighter pilot school at Stolp-Reitz. In June 1940, Füllgrabe was posted to 2. Staffel (2nd squadron) of Ergänzungs-Jagdgruppe Merseburg, a supplementary training unit based at Merseburg. In Merseburg, he befriended Hermann Graf and Alfred Grislawski, with whom he would later spend much of his combat career. In early 1941, he was posted to 9. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 (JG 52—52nd Fighter Wing), a squadron of III. Gruppe.

## World War II

World War II in Europe had begun on Friday 1 September 1939 when German forces invaded Poland. At the time of Füllgrabel's posting to 9. Staffel, the Gruppe was commanded by Major Gotthard Handrick. The rise of General Ion Antonescu in Romania in 1940 led to a reorganization of his country's armed forces. In this, he was supported by a military mission from Germany, the Luftwaffenmission Rumänien (Luftwaffe Mission Romania) under the command of Generalleutnant (equivalent to major general) Wilhelm Speidel [de]. III. Gruppe of JG 52 was transferred to Bucharest in mid-October and temporarily renamed I. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 28 (JG 28—28th Fighter Wing) until 4 January 1941. Its primary task was to train Romanian Air Force personnel. Here, the trio of Füllgrabe, Graf and Grislawski were joined by Ernst Süß, and later by Leopold Steinbatz and Edmund Roßmann.

### War against the Soviet Union

Following its brief deployment in the Balkan Campaign, III. Gruppe was back in Bucharest by mid-June. There, the unit was again subordinated to the Luftwaffenmission Rumänien and reequipped with the new, more powerful Bf 109F-4 model. On 21 June, the Gruppe was ordered to Mizil in preparation of Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union. Its primary objective was to provide fighter protection for the oil fields and refineries at Ploiești. Prior to the invasion, Handrick was replaced by Major Albert Blumensaat as commander of III. Gruppe. Blumensaat was then replaced by Hauptmann Hubertus von Bonin on 1 October. At the time, von Bonin was still in convalescence so that Hauptmann Franz Höring, the commander of 9. Staffel, was also made the acting Gruppenkommandeur (group commander).
Füllgrabe received the Honor Goblet of the Luftwaffe (Ehrenpokal der Luftwaffe) on 30 March 1942. On 22 July, the Geschwaderkommodore (wing commander) of JG 52, Major Herbert Ihlefeld, was severely injured in a flight accident and had to surrender command during his convalescence. In consequence, Major Gordon Gollob, the commander of Jagdgeschwader 77 (JG 77—77th Fighter Wing), temporarily took over command of JG 52 as acting Geschwaderkommodore. On 17 August, Gollob was ordered dispatch one Schwarm, a flight of four aircraft, of every III. Gruppe squadron to the Don-bend. The pilots selected for this mission included Füllgrabe, Graf and Süß.

### Defense of the Reich

In response to political humiliation caused by de Havilland Mosquito bombing raids into Germany, Reichsmarschall Hermann Göring, the commander-in-chief of the Luftwaffe, ordered the formation of two specialized high-altitude Luftwaffe units. These units were Jagdgeschwader 25, commanded by Major Herbert Ihlefeld, and Jagdgeschwader 50, commanded by his friend Graf. Graf was permitted to choose his personnel and had his friends Füllgrabe, Grislawski and Süß transferred from III. Gruppe of JG 52.
In December 1943, he was posted to Ergänzungs-Jagdgruppe Ost (Supplemantary Fighter Group East) as fighter pilot instructor.
On 10 January 1944, the United States Army Air Forces targeted the Luther-Werke, at the time a factory of the Messerschmitt Bf 110, Messerschmitt Me 210 and Messerschmitt Me 410, in Braunschweig, and the aircraft repair works in Waggum, a district of Braunschweig. The 3rd Bombardment Division sent 169 bombers, escorted by 466 fighter aircraft. Defending against this attack, Füllgrabe shot down one of the Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress bombers.
In late 1944, Füllgrabe and Leutnant Anton Resch were transferred to the Geschwaderstab (headquarters unit) of JG 52. The request was made by Graf who had been appointed Geschwaderkommodore (wing commander) of JG 52 in September 1944. At the time, the Geschwaderstab was based at Krakau, present-day Kraków. Graf appointed him Geschwaderadjutant (adjutant to the wing commander). Füllgrabe was killed in action on 30 January 1945. Flying Messerschmitt Bf 109 G-14 (Werknummer 511012—factory number), he was shot down by Soviet anti-aircraft artillery 18 kilometers (11 miles) northwest of Brieg, present-day Brzeg in southwestern Poland.

## Summary of career
### Aerial victory claims

According to US historian David T. Zabecki, Füllgrabe was credited with 67 aerial victories. The author Obermaier also lists him with 67 aerial victories, all of which claimed on the Eastern Front. Spick however lists him with 65 aerial victories claimed in an unknown number combat missions, all of which claimed on the Eastern Front. Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 63 aerial victory claims, all but one heavy bomber on the Eastern Front.
Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 95514". The Luftwaffe grid map (Jägermeldenetz) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about 360 square miles (930 km$^2$). These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area 3 km × 4 km (1.9 mi × 2.5 mi) in size.
Chronicle of aerial victories :
| This and the ? (question mark) indicates information discrepancies listed by Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike, Bock, Mathews and Foreman. ||||||||||
| Claim | Date | Time | Type | Location | Claim | Date | Time | Type | Location |
| – 9. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 – Operation Barbarossa — 22 June – 5 December 1941 ||||||||||
| 1 | 10 August 1941 | 11:10 | I-16 | | 6 | 2 October 1941 | 09:58 | I-26 (Yak-1) | 35 km (22 mi) northeast of Poltava |
| 2 | 25 August 1941 | 10:48 | I-16 | | 7 | 14 October 1941 | 09:58 | I-26 (Yak-1) | north of Valki |
| 3 | 26 August 1941 | 10:50 | Pe-2 | | 8 | 6 November 1941 | 07:59 | I-61 (MiG-3) | |
| 4 | 2 September 1941 | 12:16 | V-11 (Il-2) | | 9 | 17 November 1941 | 14:35 | I-16 | |
| 5 | 28 September 1941 | 10:46 | one-engined ground-attack aircraft | | | | | | |
| – 9. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 – Eastern Front — 6 December 1941 – 28 April 1942 ||||||||||
| 10 | 6 December 1941 | 11:02 | I-16 | | 21 | 23 February 1942 | 12:05 | I-26 (Yak-1) | |
| 11 | 27 December 1941 | 14:26 | I-16 | northeast of Golodayevka | 22 | 25 February 1942 | 10:49 | I-26 (Yak-1) | |
| 12 | 27 December 1941 | 14:33 | I-16 | | 23 | 25 February 1942 | 10:51 | I-26 (Yak-1) | south-southwest of Andreyevka |
| 13 | 5 January 1942 | 14:42 | I-16 | | 24 | 1 March 1942 | 11:48 | I-26 (Yak-1) | |
| 14 | 25 January 1942 | 12:15 | I-153 | 4 km (2.5 mi) southwest of Lyskow | 25 | 16 March 1942 | 11:08 | I-61 (MiG-3) | |
| 15 | 25 January 1942 | 12:17 | I-153 | 3 km (1.9 mi) southwest of Lyskow | 26 | 16 March 1942 | 11:48 | I-61 (MiG-3) | |
| 16 | 16 February 1942 | 11:11 | Su-2 (Seversky) | Krassnoje | 27 | 26 March 1942 | 16:55 | I-16 | |
| 17 | 19 February 1942 | 08:22 | I-61 (MiG-3) | | 28 | 27 March 1942 | 10:10 | I-61 (MiG-3) | |
| 18 | 19 February 1942 | 08:28 | I-61 (MiG-3) | | 29 | 28 March 1942 | 17:10 | I-61 (MiG-3) | |
| 19 | 19 February 1942 | 11:41 | Su-2 (Seversky) | | 30 | 28 March 1942 | 17:43 | I-16 | |
| 20 | 23 February 1942 | 11:57 | R-5 | | 31 | 8 April 1942 | 11:22 | I-61 (MiG-3) | |
| – 9. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 – Eastern Front — 29 April 1942 – 3 February 1943 ||||||||||
| 32 | 29 May 1942 | 09:14 | MiG-1 | | 47 | 17 August 1942 | 16:56 | TB-7? | PQ 95514 vicinity of Gumrak |
| 33 | 29 May 1942 | 09:16 | MiG-1 | | 48 | 22 August 1942 | 14:00 | Yak-1 | PQ 49151 20–30 km (12–19 mi) east of Stalingrad |
| 34 | 2 June 1942 | 11:30 | Su-2 (Seversky) | | 49 | 23 August 1942 | 07:25 | LaGG-3 | PQ 49281 10 km (6.2 mi) northeast of Stalingrad |
| 35 | 9 June 1942 | 13:17 | LaGG-3 | | 50 | 23 August 1942 | 13:33 | LaGG-3 | PQ 49242 |
| 36 | 22 June 1942 | 06:41 | MiG-1 | | 51 | 27 August 1942 | 04:44 | LaGG-3 | PQ 49464 |
| 37 | 22 June 1942 | 06:44 | MiG-1 | | 52 | 27 August 1942 | 04:47 | Yak-1 | PQ 59174 vicinity of Krasnaya Sloboda |
| 38 | 30 June 1942 | 18:28 | MiG-1 | | 53 | 3 September 1942 | 15:57 | Yak-1 | PQ 50782 20–30 km (12–19 mi) east of Stalingrad |
| 39 | 5 August 1942 | 09:41 | LaGG-3 | PQ 0679 | 54 | 4 September 1942 | 14:45? | Yak-1 | PQ 44441 5 km (3.1 mi) east of Stalingrad |
| 40 | 5 August 1942 | 13:40 | MiG-1 | PQ 0687 | 55 | 8 September 1942 | 11:34 | Il-2 | PQ 49261 20 km (12 mi) southeast of Stalingrad |
| 41 | 6 August 1942 | 12:07 | LaGG-3 | PQ 05241 | 56 | 8 September 1942 | 15:17 | La-5 | PQ 49493 20 km (12 mi) southeast of Stalingrad |
| 42 | 15 August 1942 | 11:07 | Yak-1 | PQ 85282 vicinity of Smolenskaya | 57 | 9 September 1942 | 13:27 | La-5 | PQ 49444 20 km (12 mi) southeast of Stalingrad |
| 43 | 15 August 1942 | 11:10 | Yak-1 | PQ 85194 east of Derbentskaya | 58 | 14 September 1942 | 04:57 | MiG-3 | PQ 47443 south of Stalingrad |
| 44 | 15 August 1942 | 11:13 | Yak-1 | PQ 85113 vicinity of Eriwanskij | 59 | 15 September 1942 | 08:57 | Yak-1 | PQ 49422 5 km (3.1 mi) east of Stalingrad |
| 45 | 17 August 1942 | 11:06 | I-153 | PQ 85362 vicinity of Tschernyj | 60 | 15 September 1942 | 09:15 | Il-2 | PQ 49344 |
| 46 | 17 August 1942 | 11:11 | I-153 | PQ 85364 40 km (25 mi) north of Tuaose | 61 | 22 September 1942 | 11:08 | Il-2 | PQ 49414 |
| – 9. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 – Eastern Front — March 1943 ||||||||||
| 62 | 22 March 1943 | 14:32 | LaGG-3 | PQ 34 Ost 76654 west of Petrovskaya | | | | | |
| – Stab of Jagdgeschwader 11 – Defense of the Reich — February 1944 ||||||||||
| 63 | 10 February 1944 | 12:50 | B-17 | PQ 05 Ost S/FN, vicinity of Zwolle Meppel-Staphorst | | | | | |

### Awards

* Aviator badge
* Front Flying Clasp of the Luftwaffe
* Iron Cross (1939) 2nd and 1st Class
* Honor Goblet of the Luftwaffe on 30 March 1942 as Feldwebel and pilot
* German Cross in Gold on 11 May 1942 as Feldwebel in the III./Jagdgeschwader 52
* Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 2 October 1942 as Oberfeldwebel and pilot in the 9./Jagdgeschwader 52