OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Veronika Wand-Danielsson

Veronika Wand-Danielsson (born 9 March 1959) is a Swedish diplomat who has been the incumbent ambassador to Germany since 2023, France from 2014 to 2020, and NATO from 2007 to 2014. She became the first female ambassador of Sweden to France and Monaco in 2014.

## Early life and education

Wand-Danielsson, a diplomat's daughter, lived some of her early years in Africa. Following her education at Sciences Po Paris, among others.

## Diplomatic career

Wand-Danielsson has a background in foreign policy. Prior to joining the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1990 and taking on responsibility for UN relations, she had worked at the OECD/DAC in Paris. After that, she worked at the aid directorate of the European Commission and as Sweden's permanent representative to the EU in Brussels, where she oversaw projects like the Lisbon Treaty and the EU's long-term budget.

### NATO

Wand-Danielsson was appointed Sweden's NATO ambassador in 2007. She gave a mildly humorous account of the selection procedure. By 2014, managing a demanding portfolio while collaborating with military colleagues in a setting where men dominated. Sweden created history that same year when it unveiled the first openly "feminist" foreign policy in history, placing women's rights and gender equality at the top of its diplomatic agenda. In her initial reaction, she drew attention to the difficult decision that female diplomats have frequently had to make when asked to represent government initiatives for gender equality in public.

### France

In 2014, Wand-Danielsson took the lead in spearheading the new feminist foreign policy initiatives after being appointed ambassador to France. Along with Geraldine Byrne Nason, Wand-Danielsson broadened her influence by starting a network for female ambassadors in Paris. She was already associated with the Women in International Security program during her time at NATO. The Paris group meets regularly with colleagues and female ambassadors from every continent.
Wand-Danielsson claimed that her purpose for coming was to repair business relations. An era was to begin with the royal family's visit to France at the end of 2014. This momentum was halted significantly by the terrorist attacks in 2015.

### Germany

Wand-Danielsson was appointed by the Government of Sweden as the new ambassador to Berlin. At that time, she was in charge of the Foreign Ministry's Europe and North America division. August marks the official start to her new role. On 8 November 2023, she was greeted by Stone Sizani.

## Personal life

Wand-Danielsson is married to Christian Danielsson (born 1956), state secretary to Minister for EU Affairs, together they have two children.

## Honours
### National

* H. M. The King's Medal (28 January 2020)

### Foreign

* France:
** Grand Officer of the National Order of Merit
* Estonia:
** Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana 3rd Class (2 May 2023)
# Jack Conway (footballer)

John Joseph Conway (26 March 1867 – 22 October 1949) was an Australian rules footballer who played for the Geelong Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

## Family

Jack married Mary Catherine Doloughty and had five children from 1899 to 1915.

## Football

Conway was Geelong's first captain in the VFL, captaining the club for its first three seasons in the new competition before retiring at the end of the 1899 season. He is also notable for being in the inaugural team for Geelong in the VFL, and is credited with being the first player selected for a Geelong team.
# Somerset Township, Jackson County, Illinois

Somerset Township is one of sixteen townships in Jackson County, Illinois, USA. As of the 2020 census, its population was 3,934 and it contained 1,861 housing units.

## Geography

According to the 2021 census gazetteer files, Somerset Township has a total area of 37.63 square miles (97.46 km$^2$), of which 37.14 square miles (96.19 km$^2$) (or 98.70%) is land and 0.49 square miles (1.27 km$^2$) (or 1.30%) is water.

### Cities, towns, villages

* Murphysboro (north quarter)

### Unincorporated towns

* Harrison at 37°47′48″N 89°20′13″W﻿ / ﻿37.796718°N 89.337033°W﻿ / 37.796718; -89.337033
(This list is based on USGS data and may include former settlements.)

### Adjacent townships

* Vergennes Township (north)
* Elk Township (northeast)
* DeSoto Township (east)
* Carbondale Township (southeast)
* Murphysboro Township (south)
* Sand Ridge Township (southwest)
* Levan Township (west)
* Ora Township (northwest)

### Cemeteries

The township contains these four cemeteries: Boucher, Lutheran, Ripley and Zion.

### Major highways

* Illinois Route 13
* Illinois Route 149

### Landmarks

* Lake Murphysboro State Park (east quarter)

## Demographics

As of the 2020 census there were 3,934 people, 1,719 households, and 1,061 families residing in the township. The population density was 104.56 inhabitants per square mile (40.37/km$^2$). There were 1,861 housing units at an average density of 49.46 per square mile (19.10/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 86.65% White, 6.69% African American, 0.36% Native American, 0.28% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 1.75% from other races, and 4.22% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.90% of the population.
There were 1,719 households, out of which 30.40% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.26% were married couples living together, 17.63% had a female householder with no spouse present, and 38.28% were non-families. 32.20% of all households were made up of individuals, and 22.30% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.94.
The township's age distribution consisted of 23.7% under the age of 18, 5.7% from 18 to 24, 24.3% from 25 to 44, 24.6% from 45 to 64, and 21.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39.7 years. For every 100 females, there were 74.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 77.2 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $56,725, and the median income for a family was $76,991. Males had a median income of $41,029 versus $32,750 for females. The per capita income for the township was $36,768. About 6.6% of families and 8.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.9% of those under age 18 and 7.3% of those age 65 or over.

## School districts

* Elverado Community Unit School District 196
* Murphysboro Community Unit School District 186

## Political districts

* Illinois' 12th congressional district
* State House District 115
* State Senate District 58
# 2000 Pilot Pen Tennis – Doubles

Lisa Raymond and Rennae Stubbs were the defending champions, but lost in semifinals to Virginia Ruano Pascual and Paola Suárez.
Julie Halard-Decugis and Ai Sugiyama won the title by defeating Virginia Ruano Pascual and Paola Suárez 6–4, 5–7, 6–2 in the final.

## Seeds

* Lisa Raymond / Rennae Stubbs (semifinals)
* Julie Halard-Decugis / Ai Sugiyama (champions)
* Virginia Ruano Pascual / Paola Suárez (final)
* Cara Black / Elena Likhovtseva (first round)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Draw

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | L Raymond R Stubbs | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | E Callens D van Roost | 2 | 3 | | 1 | L Raymond R Stubbs | 7$^7$ | 4 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| Q | A Myskina T Pisnik | 6 | 7$^7$ | | Q | A Myskina T Pisnik | 6$^5$ | 6 | 0 | | | | | | | | | |
| | E deLone N Pratt | 3 | 6$^5$ | | | | | | | 1 | L Raymond R Stubbs | 4 | 4 | | | | | |
| 3 | V Ruano Pascual P Suárez | 6 | 7 | | | | | | | 3 | V Ruano Pascual P Suárez | 6 | 6 | | | | | |
| | K Boogert M Oremans | 4 | 5 | | 3 | V Ruano Pascual P Suárez | 6 | 3 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| | J Dokic J Kostanić | 4 | 6 | 5 | | L Horn L Montalvo | 4 | 6 | 3 | | | | | | | | | |
| | L Horn L Montalvo | 6 | 3 | 7 | | | | | | | | | | 3 | V Ruano Pascual P Suárez | 4 | 7 | 2 |
| | K Hrdličková P Schnyder | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | 2 | J Halard-Decugis A Sugiyama | 6 | 5 | 6 |
| | S Appelmans K Po | 2 | 1 | | | K Hrdličková P Schnyder | 4 | 0 | | | | | | | | | | |
| WC | M Navratilova K Srebotnik | 6 | 6 | | WC | M Navratilova K Srebotnik | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | |
| 4 | C Black E Likhovtseva | 1 | 4 | | | | | | | WC | M Navratilova K Srebotnik | 3 | 2 | | | | | |
| | C Cristea R Dragomir | 7 | 2 | 6 | | | | | | 2 | J Halard-Decugis A Sugiyama | 6 | 6 | | | | | |
| | R Grande K Habšudová | 5 | 6 | 2 | | C Cristea R Dragomir | 6$^6$ | 2 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Å Carlsson S Jeyaseelan | 3 | 3 | | 2 | J Halard-Decugis A Sugiyama | 7$^8$ | 6 | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | J Halard-Decugis A Sugiyama | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# Siege of Constantinople (813)

The siege of Constantinople in 813 (Bulgarian: Обсада на Константинопол) by Khan Krum (Bulgarian: Крум) was a failed attempt to take the city during the Bulgarian-Byzantine wars.

## The siege

After the Battle of Versinikia (or Second Battle of Adrianople) on 22 June 813, which was a defeat for the Byzantines, Krum's cavalry pursued them and taking advantage of this defeat, Krum advanced towards the walls of Constantinople. Michael I Rangabe was forced to abdicate and become a monk, becoming the third Byzantine emperor removed by Krum since 811.
Krum arrived at the city on 17 July 813, and performed a pagan sacrificial ritual involving animals and people in order to impress and force the defenders to surrender. But it was a failure and when Krum saw that the walls were impregnable, he decided to propose peace to the new Byzantine emperor Leo V the Armenian.
Krum proposed a meeting, but the Byzantines had set a trap, and he was wounded by archers but managed to flee.
Furious, Krum ravaged the environs of Constantinople on the way home, then took Adrianople and deported its inhabitants (including the parents of the future Basil I) across the Danube. Despite the arrival of winter, Krum took advantage of the good weather to send 30,000 men to Thrace. This army occupied Arcadiopolis and captured 50,000 prisoners. The sack of Thrace enriched Krum and his aristocracy, and allowed the use of those architectural elements looted from the cities in the rebuilding of his capital Pliska. The deported artisans also dedicated themselves to rebuilding the city.
Krum spent the winter preparing a major attack on Constantinople, where a rumor reported the creation of multiple artillery pieces carried on five thousand wagons. But Krum died on 13 April 814, and his son Omurtag succeeded him. The new attack on Constantinople came to nothing and Omurtag signed the Byzantine–Bulgarian treaty of 815.

## Sources

* The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century by John Van Antwerp Fine Jr. Page 98-99
* RYCHLÍK, Jan a kol. Dějiny Bulharska. Praha : Nakladatelství Lidové noviny, 2000. ISBN 80-7106-404-1. page 46.
* DRŠKA, Václav; PICKOVÁ, Dana. Dějiny středověké Evropy. Praha : Nakladatelství Aleš Skřivan ml., 2004. ISBN 80-86493-11-3. page 69.
# Sport for social development

Sport for social development is a method of bringing about social change through the use of sports. In the United States this is commonly referred to as sports-based youth development. Sport refers to the physical activity and development in any individual, health, social and economic benefits. Sport is used as a tool for peace and development. The programs use sport to help children learn lifelong skills as an incentive for the children to improve their scholarship. Sport is used as a tool to reach personal and community goals. Most organizations utilizing this method are geared towards underprivileged children and teenagers in urban areas.

## Promote youth development

Since the advent of modern Olympics in 1896, athletes have shown that sports enable people to come together in an effort to bring about global peace and to share a desire for self-improvement. Non-profit sports programs aiming to educate through similar means are part of an up-and-coming movement. However, through sport, children learn sportsmanship and other life skills. Youth sport can help them grow towards positive development and good relationships with others. Sport is a tool utilized to get young people involved in their communities. Positive peer group relationships are also encouraged through coaching as well as the physical activity, which makes sport particularly beneficial to children with disorders such as ADHD. This leads to youth feeling integrated with other young people. Through being involved in sports youth can gain self-esteem when they are enjoying the experience of taking part in a sport. Sports help them gain lifelong skills and want to do better in the classroom as well. Involvement in sports have been related to one having better cognitive functioning as well as higher grades and test scores, satisfaction in school, engagement in school, aspirations for college, and lower dropout rates. Also, according to the Official Website of the Olympic Movement, being surrounded by a supportive group of people with similar goals, as in playing a sport, “can alleviate the negative effects of poverty.” Non-profit organizations are founded in urban areas affected by poverty to help marginalized children by creating an environment to unite people across gender, race, religion, or socioeconomic background.

## Impact on Youth Development

Sports programs help young people develop important skills like teamwork, leadership, and communication. Groups like Right to Play and the United Nations Office on Sport for Development and Peace (UNOSDP) use sports to teach kids about health, staying in school, and gender equality. These programs support education and help build stronger communities.

## Challenges and Criticisms

While sports programs have positive goals, some say their results are hard to measure. Critics like Fred Coalter argue that these programs often share stories of success but lack solid data. Funding is another issue—many programs depend on outside money, making them hard to keep running. Cultural differences can also cause programs to fail if they don’t fit local needs.
# Minster Gates

Minster Gates is a north–south running street in the city centre of York, England, connecting Minster Yard and High Petergate. All of its buildings are listed, many dating to the 18th century, although the street is significantly older.

## History

The street originated as the northernmost part of Stonegate, running through a gate providing access to the Minster Close, around York Minster. In the late-13th century, St Peter's Prison stood on the street from the 1400s to 1838.
The road was pedestrianised by 1370, when posts blocked traffic through the gate. By 1470, the street was known as Bookland Lane, at which time, it was the location of a public drinking fountain. The street later became known as Bookbinders' Alley. This referred to the printing industry which was based in the area, serving in particular the clergy of the Minster. The trade boomed after 1662, when Charles II of England made York one of only four English cities permitted to publish books.
By the 1730s, the street was regarded as the main entrance to the Minster Close. The gateway was demolished in about 1800.

## Layout and architecture

The street runs north-east, from the junction of Stonegate and Petergate, to Minster Yard, opposite the south door of York Minster.
All the buildings on the street are listed. On the western side of the street lie 1 Minster Gates (with 15th-century origins) and 3–9 Minster Gates, a terrace of three-storey houses built in the early 18th-century. On eastern side are 2–8 Minster Gates, a terrace built in the 1840s, and 10a and 10 Minster Yard, completed in 1763.
# Arcugowo

Arcugowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Niechanowo, within Gniezno County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) south-east of Niechanowo, 12 km (7 mi) south-east of Gniezno, and 54 km (34 mi) east of the regional capital Poznań.
# John Milton (ship)

John Milton, a 1,444-ton vessel built in Fairhaven, Massachusetts, was wrecked on February 20, 1858 5 nautical miles (9 km) west of the Montauk Lighthouse, killing all 32 or 33 people on board, in one of the worst maritime disasters off the east coast of on Long Island, New York.
Built in 1854, John Milton was captained by Ephraim Harding of Martha's Vineyard, with its home port at New Bedford, Massachusetts. The 43-year-old Harding was born in New Bedford. Also on board was the captain's teenage son, Rudolphus Hancock Harding.
The ship left New York City on December 6, 1856. After loading a cargo of guano at the Chincha Islands in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Peru, she returned to the United States from South America, stopping at Norfolk, Virginia, on February 14, 1858. She sailed northeast two days later, presumably heading for New York City. A blinding snowstorm and gale sprang up, and temperatures plunged to 8 °F (−13 °C). Captain Harding may have confused the Shinnecock Lighthouse at Ponquogue Point in Hampton Bays, which had been erected in his absence, for the Montauk Light, and ran aground off the shore at what is known today as "Ditch Plains".
The frozen bodies of 24 sailors washed ashore and were buried at the South End Burying Ground in East Hampton, New York, where there is a marble monument today. Harding's body was identified, but his son's was never found. Capt. Harding's body was returned home and is buried in the Village Cemetery in Vineyard Haven, MA.
# Johannes Nolten Sr.

Johannes Nolten (27 October 1888 – 25 February 1944) was a Dutch wrestler. He competed in the Greco-Roman lightweight event at the 1920 Summer Olympics.
# East Meixi Lake station

East Meixi Lake station is a subway station in Yuelu District, Changsha, Hunan, China, operated by the Changsha subway Changsha Metro. It entered revenue service on December 28, 2015.

## History

The station opened on 28 December 2015.

## Layout

| G | | Exits | |
| LG1 | Concourse | Faregates, Station Agent | |
| LG2 | ← | Line 2 towards West Meixi Lake (Culture and Arts Center) | |
| Island platform, doors open on the left |||
| LG2 | | Line 2 towards Guangda (Wangchengpo) | → |

## Surrounding area

* Entrance No. 1: Babazui Community, Meixi Lake
* Entrance No. 2: Luyanghejing Village
* Entrance No. 2: Hunan Aerospace Information CO. , Ltd., Yuelu School
* Entrance No. 4: International Culture and Arts Center of Meixi Lake, Meixi Lake
# Double Diamond (design process model)

Double Diamond is the name of a design process model popularized by the British Design Council in 2005. The process was adapted from the divergence-convergence model proposed in 1996 by Hungarian-American linguist Béla H. Bánáthy. The two diamonds represent a process of exploring an issue more widely or deeply (divergent thinking) and then taking focused action (convergent thinking). It suggests that, as a design method, that the design process should have four phases:
* Discover: Understand the issue rather than merely assuming what it is. This phase involves speaking to and spending time with people who are affected by the issues.
* Define: With insight gathered from the discovery phase, define the challenge in a different way.
* Develop: Give different answers to the clearly defined problem, seeking inspiration from elsewhere and co-designing with a range of different people.
* Deliver: Test different solutions at a small scale. Reject those that will not work and improve the ones that will.
To celebrate 20 years of the Double Diamond in 2023, the Design Council released a visual representation under an open license and created a Mural template.
The Double Diamond model is useful in design education, and has been adapted to provide additional details for following the model, along with suggesting the iterative nature to design between each diamond.
# Aerolíneas Argentinas Flight 707

Aerolíneas Argentinas Flight 707 was an international passenger flight on the route of: Asunción–Formosa–Corrientes–Rosario–Buenos Aires, which on February 4, 1970, the Avro 748-105 Srs. 1 that was operating the flight at the time, crashed near the city of Loma Alta, Chaco, Argentina due to severe turbulence. All 37 occupants onboard the flight were killed.

## Aircraft

The aircraft that was operating the flight at the time was a Avro 748-105 Srs. 1, MSN 1539 and was registered LV-HYW. The aircraft was manufactured in 1961, 9 years prior and had logged 19049 hours and 15739 flights.

## Description

While en route on its third leg between Camba Puntá Airport (now Doctor Fernando Piragine Niveyro International Airport) in Corrientes and Fisherton Airport (now Islas Malvinas International Airport) in Rosario, the aircraft flew into a cumulonimbus cloud; the pilots lost control of the aircraft after it encountered severe turbulence, the plane entered a left bank of 90 degrees and entered a 45-degree dive, it then crashed into the ground. All 37 occupants of the aircraft (33 passengers and 4 crew members) perished in the accident.

## Cause

The cause of the accident was found to be loss of control of the airplane and collision with terrain when encountering a zone with adverse meteorological conditions and severe turbulence.
# 2000 RCA Championships

The 2000 RCA Championships was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 13th edition of the event known that year as the RCA Championships, and was part of the International Series Gold of the 2000 ATP Tour. It took place at the Indianapolis Tennis Center in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States, from August 14 through August 20, 2000.
The singles draw featured ATP No. 2, French Open titlist, Hamburg and Santiago champion, Miami and Rome runner-up Gustavo Kuerten, Australian Open runner-up Yevgeny Kafelnikov, and Barcelona, Majorca and Toronto winner, Hamburg finalist Marat Safin. Other top seeds competing included Cincinnati winner Thomas Enqvist, Adelaide, Sydney, Scottsdale and Queen's Club champion Lleyton Hewitt, Tim Henman, Nicolás Lapentti and Marcelo Ríos.

## Finals
### Singles

Gustavo Kuerten defeated Marat Safin 3–6, 7–6$^{(7–2)}$, 7–6$^{(7–2)}$
* It was Gustavo Kuerten's 4th title of the year, and his 9th overall.

### Doubles

Lleyton Hewitt / Sandon Stolle defeated Jonas Björkman / Max Mirnyi 6–2, 3–6, 6–3
# Flevans

Flevans is a British electronic musician. His first studio album, Make New Friends, was released in 2004. Evans began his career with sampling and plays several musical instruments.
# Augustynów, Koło County

Augustynów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dąbie, within Koło County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) west of Dąbie, 15 km (9 mi) south-east of Koło, and 129 km (80 mi) east of the regional capital Poznań.