OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Emma Pidding, Baroness Pidding

Emma Samantha Pidding, Baroness Pidding, CBE (born 13 January 1966) is a British Conservative parliamentarian and member of the House of Lords.
Pidding was educated at Brudenell Secondary School for Girls (now Amersham School), and at Dr Challoner's High School, later becoming a bank clerk in Amersham, Buckinghamshire.
A former Chiltern District Councillor and Chairman of the National Conservative Convention, she was created a Life Peer on 8 October 2015, taking the title Baroness Pidding, of Amersham in the County of Buckinghamshire.
Pidding was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) for voluntary political service in the 2014 New Year Honours.

## Bullying controversy

In November 2015, the Conservative Party closed down "Road Trip", an organisation to transport Conservative activists about the country by bus - Pidding was implicated in this process. The Conservative Future Youth Wing was closed as a result. Conservative Party member, activist and unsuccessful 2010 General Election candidate Mark Clarke's membership was cancelled "for life" on 18 November 2015 amid allegations of sexual assaults, drugs, bullying and the attempted blackmail of a Cabinet Minister, Robert Halfon.

## Arms

Coat of arms of Emma Pidding, Baroness Pidding :
* NotesGranted by Thomas Woodcock, Garter King of Arms
* Coronetof a Baroness
* OrdersOrder of the British Empire (Commander)
# Martha Osamor, Baroness Osamor

Martha Otito Osamor, Baroness Osamor (née Osantor; born 24 September 1940) is a British-Nigerian Labour Party politician, life peer, community activist and civil rights campaigner. She is the mother of Kate Osamor, the MP for Edmonton and Winchmore Hill since 2015.

## Early life and career

Born Martha Otito Osantor in Delta State, Nigeria, Osamor moved to the UK in 1963 to join her husband who was then studying in London. Osamor and her husband settled in Tottenham, where they had four children. Her husband died unexpectedly in 1975.

## Politics

Osamor was a co-founder of the United Black Women's Action Group (UBWAG). From 1977 to 1997, Osamor worked at the Tottenham Law Centre (now called the Haringey Law Centre) and during this time became part of the Broadwater Farm Youth Association Mothers' Project on the nearby Broadwater Farm housing estate.
From 1986 to 1990, she served as a Labour councillor representing the Bruce Grove Ward in the London Borough of Haringey, eventually becoming deputy leader of Haringey London Borough Council.
Following the Broadwater Farm riot, Osamor and Dolly Kiffin organised a civil rights demonstration on 3 October 1987, and produced a Manifesto of the movement for civil rights and justice. She became a founding member of the Broadwater Farm Defence Campaign.
A left-winger and Labour Party Black Sections national vice-chair, Osamor was nominated by most of the branches within the Vauxhall Constituency Labour Party as the party's candidate for the by-election in 1989. The seat had been held by Labour since its creation in 1950. However, her candidacy was blocked by the party's National Executive Committee on the advice of the then leader, Neil Kinnock. Osamor's future fellow life peer Kate Hoey was instead selected by the national party as the constituency's Labour candidate; Hoey held the seat for Labour.
Osamor was nominated for a life peerage by Jeremy Corbyn in May 2018, and on 26 November 2018, the Queen conferred upon her the title of Baroness Osamor, of Tottenham in the London Borough of Haringey and of Asaba in the Republic of Nigeria.

## Personal life

Baroness Osamor is the mother of Member of Parliament Kate Osamor.
# Józef Daniel Krzeptowski

Józef Daniel Krzeptowski (29 July 1921 – 13 August 2002) was a Polish skier. He competed at the 1948 Winter Olympics and the 1956 Winter Olympics.
# Passenger load factor

Passenger load factor, or load factor, measures the capacity utilization of public transport services like airlines, passenger railways, and intercity bus services. It is generally used to assess how efficiently a transport provider fills seats and generates fare revenue.
According to the International Air Transport Association, the worldwide load factor for the passenger airline industry during 2015 was 79.7%.

## Overview

Passenger load factor is an important parameter for the assessment of the performance of any transport system. Almost all transport systems have high fixed costs, and these costs can only be recovered through selling tickets. Airlines often calculate a load factor at which the airline will break even; this is called the break-even load factor. At a load factor lower than the break even level, the airline will lose money, and above will record a profit.
The environmental performance of any transport mode improves as the load factor increases. The weight of passengers is normally a small part of the total weight of any transport vehicle, so increasing the number of passengers changes the emissions and fuel consumption to only a small degree. As a vehicle is more highly loaded, the fuel consumed per passenger drops, and fully loaded transport vehicles can be very fuel efficient.
Very heavy loading of a transport vehicle is described as a crush load. Crush loading is a very high level of loading where passengers are crushed against one another. Commenting in May 2017 on the United Express Flight 3411 incident, in which a passenger was forcibly removed, investor Warren Buffett said that passenger demand for cheap flights was resulting in high load factors, resulting in "a fair amount of discomfort."

## Calculation example

Specifically, the load factor is the dimensionless ratio of passenger-kilometres travelled to seat-kilometres available. For example, say that on a particular day an airline makes 5 scheduled flights, each of which travels 200 kilometers and has 100 seats, and sells 60 tickets for each flight. To calculate its load factor:
${\frac {(5\ {\text{flights}})(200\ {\text{km/flight}})(60\ {\text{passengers}})}{(5\ {\text{flights}})(200\ {\text{km/flight}})(100\ {\text{seats}})}}={\frac {60,000\ {\text{passenger }}\cdot {\text{ km}}}{100,000\ {\text{seat }}\cdot {\text{ km}}}}=0.6=60\%$
Thus, during that day the airline flew 60,000 passenger-kilometres and 100,000 seat-kilometres, for an overall load factor of 60% (0.6).
# The Big Chair

The Big Chair is a landmark located in Thomasville, North Carolina. It is a large-scale replica of a Duncan Phyfe armchair built in 1950 by Thomasville Furniture Industries. Before the current chair was built, a predecessor was built in September 1922. The original chair was 13 feet 6 inches (4.11 m) tall. The old chair was unfortunately made of pine instead of lasting material, which resulted in it being worn down over time. It was torn down in 1936, and the new chair did not occupy the spot until 1950. The current chair is 30 feet (9.1 m) tall and the seat is 10 feet 6 inches (3.20 m) wide, while being made from steel and concrete. The base is sculpted from Indiana limestone. In 1960, the chair received attention as Lyndon B. Johnson stood on the chair to wave to locals as he campaigned for the 1960 United States presidential election, in which he was the winning vice-presidential candidate.
# 2016 San Marino referendum

Four referendums were held in San Marino on 15 May 2016. Three of the four proposals were approved, with the repeal of law 137 rejected.

## Proposals

The four proposals put to voters were:
* Changing the voting system so that voters cast a single vote for their preferred candidate; voters currently vote for a party or coalition list.
* Repealing law 137 passed on 7 August 2015, which modified the 1992 law on economic development.
* Abolishing the 25% quorum required for referendum proposals to be approved.
* Capping public sector salaries at €100,000.

## Results

In order for the proposals to be approved, a quorum of at least 25% of registered voters voting in favour had to be reached, together with a majority of valid votes in favour.
| Question | For | For | Against | Against | Invalid/ blank | Total votes | Registered voters | Turnout | Quorum |
| Question | Votes | % | Votes | % | Invalid/ blank | Total votes | Registered voters | Turnout | Quorum |
| Single preference voting | 8,688 | 54.76 | 7,177 | 45.24 | 244 | 16,109 | 33,896 | 47.52 | 25.63 |
| Repealing law 137 | 7,854 | 49.65 | 7,957 | 50.35 | 310 | 16,112 | 33,896 | 47.53 | 23.14 |
| Abolishing the 25% quorum | 9,274 | 58.58 | 6,558 | 41.42 | 279 | 16,111 | 33,896 | 47.53 | 27.36 |
| Capping public sector salaries | 10,093 | 63.63 | 5,770 | 36.37 | 250 | 16,113 | 33,896 | 47.54 | 29.78 |
| Source: Government of San Marino 1, 2, 3, 4 ||||||||||
# Ed Wright (fencer)

Ed Wright (July 21, 1949 – March 20, 2017) was an American fencer. He competed in the team foil event at the 1976 Summer Olympics. He taught fencing in Cincinnati, Ohio.
# Aurelie Le Vern

Aurélie Le Vern a Brazilian jiu-jitsu black belt practitioner from France. A three-time World and IBJJF European Open Champion in colored belts, Le Vern is a 2023 IBJJF World Championship and IBJJF Pan Championship medallist.

## Career

Aurélie Le Vern was born on 12 July 1991 in Aix en Provence, France. After finishing a degree in physical education in 2016, Le Vern moved to French Guiana to work as a Sport teacher. Le Vern started practicing judo then in 2017 Brazilian jiu-jitsu at a local Ribeiro academy under coach Tyrone Gonsalves.
Le Vern earned all her belts from Gonsalves while training and competing. As a blue belt in 2019, she became IBJJF World Champion, European Champion (in Openweight) and Pan Champion. In 2022 she won double gold (in her weight and in Openweight) in the brown belt division at the Pan Championship. In 2023 she quit her teaching job to focus on her career. She received her black belt in January 2023, after only 5.5 years, while standing on the podium of the 2023 Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu European Championship. In her first year as black belt, Le Vern won bronze at the 2023 Pan Jiu-Jitsu Championship, followed by bronze at the 2023 World Jiu-Jitsu Championship.
Le Vern won gold medals in both the heavyweight and absolute divisions of the no gi edition of the Campeonato Brasileiro de Jiu-Jitsu on September 24, 2023. Le vern then competed in the ADCC Natal Open 2023 on October 8, winning gold medals in the under 65kg division and the absolute division.

### 2024

Le Vern won a gold medal in the medium-heavyweight division of the IBJJF European Championship on January 27, 2024.
Le Vern competed in the under 65kg division of the ADCC European, Middle-Eastern, and African Trials 2024. She won a gold medal and an invite to 2024 ADCC World Championship.
Le Vern competed against Helena Crevar at UFC Fight Pass Invitational 7 on May 15, 2024. She lost the match by decision.
Le Vern faced Crevar again in the opening round of the 2024 ADCC World Championship on August 17-18, 2024 and she lost by submission. She then won gold medals in the medium-heavyweight and absolute divisions of the IBJJF No Gi European Championship on October 20, 2024.
Le Vern competed against Ana Carolina Vieira at ADXC 7 on November 17, 2024. She won the match by decision.

### 2025

Le Vern won a silver medal in the medium-heavyweight division of the IBJJF European Championship 2025.

## Championships and accomplishments

Main Achievements (at black belt):
* 3rd place IBJJF World Championship (2023)
* 3rd place IBJJF Pan Championship (2023)
Main Achievements (at colored Belts):
* 1st IBJJF World Champion (2019 blue, 2021 purple, 2022 brown)
* 1st IBJJF European Open Champion (2019 blue / 2020 blue, 2023 brown)
* 1st IBJJF Pan Championship Champion (2019 blue, 2022 brown)
* 2nd place IBJJF World Championship (2021 purple)
* 2nd place IBJJF World No-Gi Championship (2022 brown)
* 3rd place IBJJF World Championship (2022 brown)
* 3rd place IBJJF European Open (2019 blue)

## Instructor lineage

Carlos Gracie > Helio Gracie > Royler Gracie > Saulo Ribeiro > Alexandre Ribeiro > Tyrone Gonsalves > Aurélie Le Vern
# Methaneselenol

Methaneselenol is the organoselenium compound with the formula CH$_3$SeH. It is the simplest selenol. A colorless, poisonous gas, it is notorious for its foul, putrid odor.
It is prepared by reaction of methyl lithium or a methyl Grignard reagent with selenium followed by protonation of the product. The compound is a metabolite.
According to IR spectroscopy, ν$_{Se-H}$ = 2342 cm$^{−1}$. For the other homologues, ν$_{E-H}$ = 1995 (E = Te), 2606 (E = S), and 3710 cm$^{−1}$ (E = O) for methanetellurol, methanethiol, and methanol.
# 1958 Northern Ireland general election

The 1958 Northern Ireland general election was called on 27 February by 1st Viscount Brookeborough to be held on 20 March 1958.
Like all previous elections to the Parliament of Northern Ireland, it produced a large majority for the Ulster Unionist Party. The Northern Ireland Labour Party returned to the Commons after being wiped out in the 1949 election.

## Campaign

Announcing the election, Viscount Brookeborough remarked that the election would be on the Border issue once more, noting that this was the ninth election on the same issue. Unemployment was also an issue in the election with 50,000 people out of work in the province in that year.

## Results

| 37 | 7 | 4 | 4 |
| UUP | Nationalist | Lab | Oth |
1958 Northern Ireland general election :
| Party | Party | Candidates | Candidates | Candidates | Candidates | Candidates | Candidates | Votes | Votes | Votes |
| Party | Party | Stood | Elected | Gained | Unseated | Net | % of total | % | No. | Net % |
| | UUP | 46 | 37 | 3 | 4 | -1 | 71.2 | 44.0 | 106,177 | -4.6 |
| | NI Labour | 8 | 4 | 4 | 0 | +4 | 7.7 | 15.8 | 38,093 | +3.0 |
| | Nationalist | 8 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13.5 | 14.9 | 36,013 | +4.1 |
| | Ind. Unionist | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | 6.8 | 16,537 | N/A |
| | Independent Labour | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | -1 | — | 3.1 | 7,544 | +0.6 |
| | Ind. Republican Labour | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.9 | 3.1 | 7,510 | +0.8 |
| | Irish Labour | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | -1 | — | 3.0 | 7,321 | -2.1 |
| | Ind. Nationalist | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | +1 | 1.9 | 2.1 | 5,168 | N/A |
| | Ulster Protestant Action | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | 2.0 | 4,704 | N/A |
| | Ind. Labour Group | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | +1 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 4,683 | N/A |
| | Independent | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 4,231 | +1.1 |
| | Independent Irish Labour | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | 1.1 | 2,761 | -2.5 |
| | Ulster Liberal | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | 0.3 | 759 | N/A |
Electorate: 891,064 (359,816 in contested seats); Turnout: 67.1% (241,501).

### Votes summary

Popular vote
Ulster Unionist
43.97%
Labour
15.77%
Nationalist Party
14.91%
Independent Unionist
6.85%
Independent Labour
5.06%
Republican Labour
3.11%
Irish Labour
3.03%
Ind. Nationalist
2.14%
Ind. Protestant Unionist
1.95%
Independent Irish Labour
1.14%
Ulster Liberal
0.31%
Independent
1.75% :

### Seats summary

Parliamentary seats
Ulster Unionist
71.15%
Nationalist Party
13.46%
Labour
7.69%
Independent Labour
1.92%
Republican Labour
1.92%
Independent Nationalist
1.92%
Independent
1.92% :
# June Ferestien

June Ferestien (born June 19, 1963) is an American former professional tennis player.
A native of Newton, Massachusetts, Ferestien was a US Open junior semi-finalist and featured on the professional tour during the 1980s. Her WTA Tour performances included a win over Dianne Fromholtz at the Borden Classic in Tokyo in 1982. and a win over top ten in the world player and Bronze Olympic gold meadalist Manuala Maleeva of Bulgaria in 1980. She also played a season of collegiate tennis for University of Florida.
# Miguel Martorell

Miguel Martorell (24 November 1937 – 14 August 2021) was a Spanish cyclist. He competed in the team pursuit at the 1960 Summer Olympics.
# Episcopal Conference of El Salvador

The Episcopal Conference of El Salvador (Spanish: Conferencia Episcopal de El Salvador, CEDES) is the episcopal conference of the Catholic Church in El Salvador.
ECES is a member of the Latin American Episcopal Conference and the Central Episcopal Secretariate Central of America (CESCA).
List of presidents of the Bishops' Conference:
1958-1967: Luis Chávez y González, Archbishop of San Salvador
1967-1970: Pedro Arnoldo Aparicio y Quintanilla, bishop of San Vicente
1970-1975: Benjamin Barrera y Reyes, bishop of Santa Ana
1975-1977: Luis Chávez y González, Archbishop of San Salvador
1977-1980: Pedro Arnoldo Aparicio y Quintanilla, bishop of San Vicente
1980-1983: José Eduardo Alvarez Ramirez, Military Ordinary
1983-1988: Marco Rene Revelo Contreras, bishop of Santa Ana
1988-1992: Romeo Tovar Astorga, bishop of Zacatecoluca
1992-1994: Arturo Rivera Damas, archbishop of San Salvador
1995-1998: Marco Rene Revelo Contreras, bishop of Santa Ana
1998-2008: Fernando Saenz Lacalle, Archbishop of San Salvador
2009 - ... : José Luis Escobar Alas, Archbishop of San Salvador
# Kurenivka mudslide

The Kurenivka mudslide occurred on 13 March 1961 in Kyiv, then a city in the Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union. It took place near the historic Babi Yar ravine, which had been the site of the mass murder of more than 100,000 Jews and other civilians during World War II. The mudslide began at the edge of the ravine and dumped mud, water, and human remains into the streets of Kyiv. The Soviet authorities suppressed information about the disaster, and claimed 145 people were killed, while forbidding any memorial events for the victims. A 2012 study in Ukraine estimated that the number of victims was closer to 1,500.

## Disaster

The mudslide started when a dam securing the loam pulp dump of a brick factory near the Babi Yar ravine collapsed after rain, releasing large volumes of pulp sludge, mud, water, and human remains down the steep hill of the modern Olena Teliha Street and into the streets of Kyiv. The slide immediately hit the lower-lying Kurenivka neighbourhood, reaching a residential area, a tram depot, several industrial buildings and a cemetery, as well as traffic moving along the streets. The total volume of pulp in the vicinity of Kyrylivska-Novokostiantynivska streets was up to 600,000 cubic metres (21,000,000 cu ft) with a depth of up to 4 metres (13 ft). While the contemporaneous official report indicated only 145 fatalities, a more recent study estimated that about 1,500 people died in the tragedy.

## Recovery operations

Recovery operations continued for days, but no official notification of the disaster was published by the Soviet authorities.
Recovery operations were led by the 120 Detached Engineering Battalion and the Anti-gas Regiment of the Local Anti-Aircraft Defence troops of the Soviet Army in the Kyiv Military District, led by Ivan Kharchenko, a Hero of the Soviet Union. The events were censored by the Soviet Government. To cover up the scale of the disaster, people who died were buried in different cemeteries in the city and nearby towns, with different dates and reasons for their deaths written in government records. Any acts of public remembrance were prohibited, and Soviet troops were sent to Kyiv to clean up signs of the catastrophe.

## Aftermath

Construction engineers and managers responsible for the dam's design and maintenance were accused of negligence by the authorities, and subsequently convicted.
In 1962 Ukrainian Communist Party leaders ordered the leveling of the Babi Yar ravine and the establishment of a park on the site where at least 33,000 Jews from Kyiv and the surrounding area had been murdered in 1941 by the Einsatzgruppen.
# Chris Steele (doctor)

Chris Steele MBE is a British retired medical doctor and broadcaster. He was the resident doctor on ITV's This Morning daytime magazine show, where he appeared weekly from when the show first aired in 1988 until retiring in 2021. Dr Steele's son, Andrew Steele, is an international athlete competing in the 400 m for Great Britain.

## Works
### Work on nicotine addiction

Steele became interested in treating his patients who smoked in the early 1970s and is now recognised as an international expert in smoking cessation and nicotine addiction. He has lectured on this subject in over 27 countries around the world, making many media appearances.

### Fight to have nicotine gum prescriptions paid by NHS

In 1984, he was faced with a dilemma regarding the prescribing of nicotine gum (Nicorette) for smokers who wanted help in giving up their cigarettes. At that time in the UK, nicotine gum was a prescription only medicine (POM). It was in fact the only POM amongst thousands that could not be prescribed at NHS expense; in other words, it was not reimbursable under the socialised medicine system that was in effect at that time in the UK.
A Department of Health committee, known as the Advisory Committee on Borderline Substances, recommended that Nicorette should not be allowed on NHS prescription, because it decreed that "Anti smoking preparations are not regarded as drugs." Dr Steele regarded that nicotine was most certainly a drug and a powerful one at that, and so prescribed nicotine gum on NHS prescriptions for those motivated smokers who wanted to give up smoking. As a result of "breaking the rules", Steele faced various disciplinary hearings, eventually having to present his case to a Tribunal of Independent Referees.
At that tribunal a statement for the Secretary of State for Health read as follows: "Smoking is a habit it is not a disease or condition even though It may be a contributary cause of, or may aggravate, a disease or condition such as bronchitis, carcinoma of the lung, arteriosclerosis and so on." The tribunal's conclusions to "Is tobacco dependency a disease?", dated 6 July 1984, which Steele's supporters regarded as a vindication, were as follows:
* "We find it ought to be so considered."
* "We find that nicotine prescribed for this purpose has both a pharmacological and a therapeutic effect."
* "We find that this method of treatment is the most effective that has so far been evolved."

## Honours

In April 2010, Steele was appointed an MBE in recognition of his services to the medical profession and broadcasting.
# 1961 High Peak by-election

The High Peak by-election was held on 16 March 1961. It was held due to the incumbent Conservative, Hugh Molson, being granted a Life Peerage. It was won by the Conservative David Walder.

## Candidates

The local Liberal association selected 31-year-old Dennis Wrigley as their candidate. He was an architect. He was educated at Manchester Grammar School and Manchester Regional School of Architecture. He was President of the Lancashire, Cheshire and North Western Young Liberal Federation. He had contested Oldham East at the 1959 general election where he polled 15% of the vote and came third.

## Result

High Peak by-election, 1961 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | David Walder | 13,069 | 37.4 | −8.6 |
| | Labour | Wilfred McCormack Halsall | 11,201 | 32.1 | −1.9 |
| | Liberal | Dennis Ian Wrigley | 10,674 | 30.5 | +10.5 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1,868 | 5.3 | −6.8 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 34,944 | | |
| | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Swing | | |
# Amnour

Amnour is a block in Saran district of Bihar state, India. Amnour's block headquarters is Amnour town. It belongs to Saran division. It is located 32 km north of the district headquarters Chhapra, and 52 km south of the state capital Patna. Amnour block is bounded by Marhaurah block to the west, Isuapur block to the west, Maker block to the east, and Taraiya block to the north. Marhaura City, Dighwara City, Lalganj City, and Lalganj City are the cities near Amnour.
Amnour consists of 19 villages and 19 panchayats. Arna, Chak is the smallest village and Amnaur Harnaraen is the largest. It is in the 57 meter elevation (altitude). This place is on the border of Saran district and Vaishali district.

## Demographics

The 2011 census report on the total population of Amnour block was 168,339 living in 24,643 houses, spread across a total of 19 villages and 19 panchayats. Males were 86,326 and females were 82,013.

## Weather and climate

Amnour's summer highest day temperature is between 25.8 °C and 42 °C. The average temperature in January is 12.5 °C, February is 19 °C, March is 26 °C, April is 30.3 °C, and May is 33 °C.