# Stew peas

Stew peas is a Jamaican stew made with beans, salted meat, coconut milk, herbs and spices. It is a common dish in Jamaica, however a number of variations and similar dishes are made throughout the Americas. With the main ingredients being legumes (beans / peas) and meats, stew peas contains a considerable amount of protein.

## History

Stew peas originated in Jamaica, and is a Caribbean Creole dish, created from a fusion of cooking techniques and ingredients— influenced by various ethnic groups that exist in the region.
The first European arrivals to the Americas, the Spanish, introduced pigs, cattle and other livestock to Jamaica and the rest of the New World. They also introduced Asian rice to the Caribbean and Latin America. Many Jamaican dishes which include rice, peas / beans, cured meats and stews, like brown stew and stew peas, were contributed by them. Other ingredients including herbs and spices like onion, garlic, thyme etc. were also introduced by the Spanish.
Kidney beans which are typically used in Jamaican stew peas, are thought to have originated in Peru around 8,000 B.C., and cultivars were dispersed throughout the Americas by indigenous Amerindian tribes, like the Arawaks— then later the Spanish and Portuguese, who introduced them to other regions through the Columbian Exchange. Also, the Arawaks cultivated pimento and peppers including scotch bonnet, which they cooked with.
During slavery and indentureship, the Africans also influenced the dish. Along with the Spanish, Portuguese, French, English, Dutch and East Indians, they contributed to the introduction and cultivation of rice in the region. Pigeon peas (also known as Congo or Angola peas), which originated in India and were domesticated there 3500 years ago, were also introduced by the Spanish and Portuguese, from Africa.
Stew peas has been a staple dish in Jamaica since at least the 1940s, and recipes for it began to appear in cookbooks in the 1970s. The dish is prepared in various unique ways by Jamaicans, and is a staple in Jamaican homes and restaurants, due to its popularity. In September 1992, the Jamaican newspaper, The Gleaner, declared stew peas with rice as "the best dish made in Jamaica", in its Home, Living and Food Guide.

## Preparation

Jamaican stew peas is prepared using kidney beans (red peas) and other similar cultivars or pigeon peas (also called gungo peas), coconut milk and meats, especially salted meats such as pork and beef. Pig tail is often included, and sometimes chicken is used instead of pork or beef. Additional ingredients include onion, garlic, escallion, scotch bonnet, herbs and spices. In addition to being a main ingredient, the beans serve to thicken the stew. Pinto beans and other similar varieties are more commonly used in the Spanish-speaking Caribbean and Latin America. Canned beans can be used to prepare stew peas, and it may be cooked in a pressure cooker. The dish may be prepared without meat— referred to as ital stew peas. In Jamaica, stew peas often includes slender flour dumplings known as "spinners". The dish is usually served atop white rice or with a side dish of rice. The stew serves to moisten and complement the separately-prepared rice.

## Variations and similar dishes

Stew peas variations are made in other parts of the Caribbean, and there are many similar dishes across the Americas. Dishes made with beans and rice or bean stews are staples in Latin cuisine. While some dishes are distinctly Latin in origins, with shared regional history, as well as, Anglo/Afro-Antillean migration in contingents, from Jamaica and some Caribbean islands to coastal Central America (between the 17th and 20th centuries), some dishes bear similarities to Antillean variations.
* Brazilian feijoada (bean stew) and arroz e feijão (rice and beans)
* San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina frijoles con rabo de cerdo (beans with pigtail)— adopted from Jamaican descendants.
* Haitian sòs pwa (peas sauce)
* Cuban frijoles negros (black beans)
* Dominican habichuelas guisadas (stewed beans)
* Puerto Rican arroz con habichuelas guisadas (rice with stewed beans) and frijoles negros (black beans)
* French Caribbean dombrés aux haricots rouges (shaded with red beans) and pois d’Angole (Angola peas / pigeon peas)
* Venezuelan pabellón criollo (Creole pavilion)
* Lesser Antillean stewed pigeon peas
* Costa Rican casado means "married" (rice with beans)
* Honduran frijoles parados means "standing up beans" (red bean stew)
* Guatemalan, Colombian and Cuban et al frijoles colorados and frijoles rojos (coloured beans and red beans)
* Colombian frijolada (bean stew with cured meats)
* Panamanian frijoles guisados (stewed beans)
* Belizean stew beans
* Chilean arroz con porotos (rice with beans)
* Guyanese black-eyed peas stew
* Surinamese bruine bonen met rijst (brown beans with rice)
* Mexican stewed beans (various) and frijoles de la olla (beans from the pot)
* Louisiana Creole red beans and rice— influenced by Haitians who fled to New Orleans.
* Rice and frijoles guisados (stewed beans) accompanied with ropa vieja and plantain, made in Panama
* Pabellón criollo made in Venezuela (similar to Cuban ropa vieja and frijoles negros)
* Frijoles negros made in Puerto Rico
* Colombia's national dish with frijoles rojos (red beans), served with rice and other accompaniments
* Mexican frijoles with other accompaniments
* Guatemalan frijoles colorados with rice