OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bellona-class ship of the line

The Bellona-class ships of the line were a class of five 74-gun third rates, whose design for the Royal Navy by Sir Thomas Slade was approved on 31 January 1758. Three ships were ordered on 28 December 1757, with names being assigned on 1 February 1758. Two further ships to this design were ordered on 13 December 1758, at the same time as two ships of a revised design – the Arrogant class.

## Design

Slade's Bellona class was the first class of British 74s to have a gun deck length of 168 ft (51 m), and marked the beginning of a stabilisation of the design of this size of ship. Several subsequent classes designed by Slade were almost identical to the Bellona draught, with the main differences restricted to the underwater hull – the most numerous of these being the Arrogant and Elizabeth classes.

## Ships

* HMS Bellona
    Builder: Chatham Dockyard
    Ordered: 28 December 1757.
    Laid down: 10 May 1758.
    Launched: 19 February 1760.
    Completed: 6 April 1760.
    Fate: Broken up at Chatham, September 1814.
* HMS Dragon
    Builder: Deptford Dockyard
    Ordered: 28 December 1757.
    Laid down: 28 March 1758.
    Launched: 4 March 1760.
    Completed: 19 April 1760.
    Fate: Sold to be broken up, June 1784.
* HMS Superb
    Builder: Deptford Dockyard
    Ordered: 28 December 1757.
    Laid down: 12 April 1758.
    Launched: 27 October 1760.
    Completed: 19 December 1760.
    Fate: Wrecked at Bombay, 7 November 1783.
* HMS Kent
    Builder: Deptford Dockyard
    Ordered: 13 December 1758.
    Laid down: 24 April 1759.
    Launched: 26 March 1762.
    Completed: 8 July 1762.
    Fate: Sold to be broken up, August 1784.
* HMS Defence
    Builder: Plymouth Dockyard
    Ordered: 13 December 1758.
    Laid down: 14 May 1759.
    Launched: 31 March 1763.
    Completed: 19 October 1770.
    Fate: Wrecked off Jutland, 24 December 1811.
# Määri

Määri (German: Meyris) is a village in Väike-Maarja Parish, Lääne-Viru County, in northeastern Estonia.
Werner Zoege von Manteuffel, surgeon and advisor to Russian emperor Nicholas II, (1857–1926) was born in Määri Manor.
# 1938 Romanian constitutional referendum

A constitutional referendum was held in Romania on 24 February 1938 to approve a new constitution granting dictatorial powers to King Carol II. Voting was done by answering yes or no before an election bureau, with silence marked as yes. Voting was compulsory, and the amendments were approved by 99.87% of voters. The voting process has been described as deeply flawed and characterized by widespread intimidation.

## Background

The proposed changes to the constitution included:
* Giving the King the power to legislate and sole power to amend the constitution
* Making the government solely responsible to the King
* Allowing the King to dissolve Parliament at any time and rule by decree
* Limiting the Parliament to bringing in laws in the "national interest"
* Making the second chamber 50% appointed by the King and the remainder from professional organisations
* Raising the voting age from 21 to 30
* Prohibiting "revolutionary propaganda"

## Results

| Choice | Choice | Votes | % |
| For | For | 4,297,581 | 99.87 |
| Against | Against | 5,483 | 0.13 |
| Total | Total | 4,303,064 | 100.00 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 4,303,064 | 100.00 |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 0 | 0.00 |
| Total votes | Total votes | 4,303,064 | 100.00 |
| Source: Direct Democracy ||||
# USS LST-460

USS LST-460 was a United States Navy LST-1-class tank landing ship used in the Asiatic-Pacific Theater during World War II. As with many of her class, the ship was never named. Instead, she was referred to by her hull designation.

## Construction

The ship was laid down on 26 September 1942, under Maritime Commission (MARCOM) contract, MC hull 980, by Kaiser Shipyards, Vancouver, Washington; launched 31 October 1942; and commissioned on 15 February 1943.

## Service history

During World War II, LST-460 was assigned to the Asiatic-Pacific theater. She took part in the consolidation of the southern Solomons in June 1943; the New Georgia Campaign which included the Vella Lavella occupation in August 1943; the Treasury Island landings, November 1943; the Hollandia operation in April 1944; the Western New Guinea operation, the Morotai landing in September 1944; the Leyte operation in November 1944; the Lingayen Gulf landings during the Lingayen Gulf landings of December 1945.
LST-460 was lost in action due to an enemy aircraft attack on 21 December 1944, off Mindoro, Philippines. She was struck from the Navy list on 19 January 1945.

## Honors and awards

LST-460 earned six battle stars for her World War II service.
# Mathematical Society of the Philippines

The Mathematical Society of the Philippines (MSP) is a professional organization for mathematicians in the Philippines, recognized by the International Mathematical Union as the main national mathematics society for its country. It was founded in 1973 following a sequence of discussions and meetings the previous year, one of which was the July 1972 meeting of the Southeast Asian Mathematical Society in Singapore.
The society aims to promote interest of mathematics and its applications, knowledge in mathematics and enable mathematical research. It publishes a Bulletin Matimyas Matematika and runs an annual convention in May, both devoted to mathematical research and educational issues. It is also involved in training a team to represent the Philippines at the International Mathematical Olympiad, selected from the twenty national finalists from the Philippine Mathematical Olympiad who join the Mathematical Olympiad Summer Camp.
# LCU-2001-class landing craft

The LCU-2001-class landing craft is a class of utility landing craft (LCU) of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force. Two craft were constructed in the 1980s.

## Description

The vessel are an LCU type transport boat for transporting personnel and supplies to remote coastal areas and remote islands. The Maritime Self-Defense Force had the Yura class for use as a small transport ship, but this type is simplified and miniaturized based on it.
It is said that this model can carry up to 200 people and 25 tons of supplies. The bottom of the ship is flat for beaching, and there is an anchor at the stern for use in reefing. The front part of the ship is an open loading space where vehicles and supplies are loaded. In addition, 70 troops can be installed. It is almost the same size as the United States Army's Runnymede-class landing craft, but the displacement is different, and while the Runnymede class can carry three tanks, this model does not support the mounting of tanks due to weight. It is said that this is due to the emphasis on long-distance transportation capacity of personnel.
The method of landing supplies is to sit on the shore and lower the bow ramp on the bow. In the Yura class, there were two stages, a bow door and a ramp, but in this type, there is only one bow ramp, and the bow shape is also flat. At the rear of the ship is a bridge, as well as a troop residence and engine department. As an armament, it is equipped with one JM61 20 mm cannon, which is a human-powered gun, at the top of the bridge.

## Ships in the class

LCU-2001 class :
| Hull no. | Name | Builder | Laid down | Launched | Commissioned | Decommissioned | Status |
| LCU-2001 | LC-01 | Sasebo Heavy Industries, Sasebo | 11 May 1987 | 9 October 1987 | 17 March 1988 | 7 April 2022 | Decommissioned |
| LCU-2002 | LC-02 | Sasebo Heavy Industries, Sasebo | 15 May 1991 | 7 October 1991 | 11 March 1992 | | Active |

## Gallery

* JS LC-01 underway, date unknown.
* JS LC-02 at Yokosuka on 30 April 2018.
# 1572 in literature

This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1572.

## Events

* January 3 – James Burbage, on behalf of Leicester's Men, writes to their patron, Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester, requesting that they be given the special status of "household servants".
* unknown dates
** Vagabonds Act in England prescribes punishment for rogues. This includes actors' companies lacking formal patronage.
** George Gascoigne becomes a "soldier of fortune" in the Low Countries.

## New books

* Remy Belleau – La Bergerie (2nd edition)
* Rafael Bombelli – L'Algebra
* John Field – A View of Popish Abuses yet remaining in the English Church
* Libro d'Oro of Corfu
* Bishops' Bible (revised version)

## New drama

* Jean de la Taille – Saül le furieux

## Poetry

* Luís de Camões – Os Lusiadas
* Fernando de Herrera – Canción por la Victoria del Señor don Juan
* Thomas Palfreyman – Divine Meditations

## Births

* January 7 – Antoine de Gaudier, French Jesuit theologian (died 1622)
* January 22 (earliest possible date) – John Donne, English poet and Dean of St Paul's (died 1631)
* June 11 (approximate) – Ben Jonson, English Renaissance dramatist, poet and actor (died 1637)
* July 25 – Theodorus Schrevelius, Dutch Golden Age poet (died 1649)
Unknown date – James Mabbe, English scholar, poet and translator (died 1642)

## Deaths

* March 27 – Girolamo Maggi, Italian poet and polymath (born c. 1523)
* April 12 – Jean Crespin, French martyrologist and printer (born c. 1520)
* June 28 – Johannes Goropius Becanus, Dutch humanist writer and linguist (born 1519)
* September 23 – Henry Scrimgeour, Scottish diplomat and book collector (born 1505)
* September – Denis Lambin, French classicist (born 1520)
# 2010 Hall of Fame Tennis Championships – Doubles

Jordan Kerr and Rajeev Ram were the defending champions, but chose not to compete with each other. Kerr chose to compete with Ross Hutchins, but they got out in the first round to Jonathan Erlich and Scott Lipsky. Ram chose to compete with Jean-Julien Rojer. However, they lost in the first round to Marc Gicquel and Santiago Ventura. Unseeded Carsten Ball and Chris Guccione won in the final 6–3, 6–4, against Santiago González and Travis Rettenmaier.

## Seeds

* Mardy Fish / Sam Querrey (first round)
* Rajeev Ram / Jean-Julien Rojer (first round)
* Ross Hutchins / Jordan Kerr (first round)
* Santiago González / Travis Rettenmaier (final)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Draw

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | M Fish S Querrey | 7$^7$ | 6$^9$ | [11] | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | C Ball C Guccione | 6$^3$ | 7$^{11}$ | [13] | | C Ball C Guccione | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| | S Giraldo O Rochus | 6$^{13}$ | 2 | | | T Bednarek D Brown | 3 | 4 | | | | | | | | | |
| | T Bednarek D Brown | 7$^{15}$ | 6 | | | | | | | | C Ball C Guccione | 7 | 7$^7$ | | | | |
| 3 | R Hutchins J Kerr | 3 | 2 | | | | | | | | J Erlich S Lipsky | 5 | 6$^3$ | | | | |
| | J Erlich S Lipsky | 6 | 6 | | | J Erlich S Lipsky | 7$^7$ | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| | J Marray J Murray | 7$^7$ | 7$^7$ | | | J Marray J Murray | 6$^3$ | 3 | | | | | | | | | |
| WC | J Cerretani A Shamasdin | 6$^3$ | 6$^5$ | | | | | | | | | | | | C Ball C Guccione | 6 | 6 |
| | A Falla S Prieto | 7$^7$ | 6$^4$ | [5] | | | | | | | | | | 4 | S González T Rettenmaier | 3 | 4 |
| | N Mahut É Roger-Vasselin | 6$^2$ | 7$^7$ | [10] | | N Mahut É Roger-Vasselin | 6 | 6$^1$ | [4] | | | | | | | | |
| WC | S Huss J Sirianni | 6$^3$ | 4 | | 4 | S González T Rettenmaier | 3 | 7$^7$ | [10] | | | | | | | | |
| 4 | S González T Rettenmaier | 7$^7$ | 6 | | | | | | | 4 | S González T Rettenmaier | 6 | 7 | | | | |
| | K Beck R Wassen | 4 | 4 | | | | | | | | M Gicquel S Ventura | 3 | 5 | | | | |
| | M Kohlmann A Peya | 6 | 6 | | | M Kohlmann A Peya | 4 | 4 | | | | | | | | | |
| | M Gicquel S Ventura | 3 | 7$^7$ | [11] | | M Gicquel S Ventura | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | R Ram J-J Rojer | 6 | 6$^5$ | [9] | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# Shira, Nigeria

Shira is a Local Government Area of Bauchi State, Nigeria. Its headquarters is in the town of Yana.
It has an area of 1,321 km$^2$ and a population of 234,014 at the 2006 census.
The postal code of the area is 750.

## Climate

The area's temperature ranges from -8°F to 74°F, with warm summers and some cloud cover and chilly, snowy, windy winters.

### Temperature

Shira's climate is getting colder, with a positive trend of rising temperatures and a horizontal trend of falling temperatures.
# Audrey Babcock

Audrey Babcock is an American mezzo-soprano opera singer who has performed in many opera houses throughout the world. Babcock is best known for her title role in the opera Carmen. She is represented by ADA Artist Management.

## Early life and education

Babcock grew up near Culver City, California, and attended Hamilton High School. She first learned to play the flute, her mother also played the flute, when her elementary school started an orchestra program. She also learned how to play the piano, guitar, and ukulele. She graduated with a BM in Voice from the Peabody Conservatory and also has an MFA in VoiceArts with concentrations in Producing and Dramaturgy from the California Institute of the Arts.

## Career

Babcock sang the role of Maddalena in Verdi's Rigoletto for Boston Lyric Opera in March 2014. She sang in the first professional staging of Daniel Crozier's opera With Blood, With Ink in April 2014 at the Fort Worth Opera.
Babcock has frequently performed the title role in Bizet's opera Carmen, notably in 2008 at the San Antonio Opera, 2009 at the Utah Festival Opera and in 2012 at the Florentine Opera. Carmen was her European debut in 2010 at the Savonlinna Opera Festival. In May 2014, she sang Carmen with the Norwalk Symphony Orchestra.
She sits as faculty at the California Institute of the Arts School of Music and is an Associate Professor of Voice in the Department of Music at UNC Charlotte.
Babcock also portrayed Amneris in the famous opera Aida and Mrs. Gibbs in Our Town.

## Albums

Babcock, recording under the name Aviva, released an album called Songs for Carmen in 2007. The album is a collection of Ladino pieces sung in the Judo-Spanish language Lindo and Arabic and was inspired by the character Carmen.
# Omori Sogen

Ōmori Sōgen (大森 曹玄, 1904–1994) was a Japanese Rinzai Rōshi, a successor in the Tenryū-ji line of Rinzai Zen, and former president of Hanazono University, the Rinzai university in Kyoto, Japan. He became a priest in 1945.

## Biography

Ōmori Sōgen was a teacher of Kashima Shinden Jikishinkage-ryū swordsmanship, and a calligrapher in the Taishi school of Yamaoka Tesshū. He became well known for his unique approach to Zen practice integrating insights from his martial and fine arts training with traditional Zen methods; this approach has been described as a unity of Zen, Ken ("sword", referring to martial arts or physical culture), and Sho ("brush", referring to calligraphy or fine arts).
Ōmori founded Seitai-ji monastery in Japan and Daihonzan Chozen-ji in Honolulu, Hawaii, the first Rinzai headquarters temple established outside Japan according to Rinzai canon law.
Dharma successors and descendants of Omori Roshi are active in both Japan and the West. In the United States, along with Chozen-ji, successors of its first abbot, Tanouye Tenshin Roshi, established Chosei Zen (formerly Chozen-ji Wisconsin Betsuin) in Madison and Spring Green, Wisconsin, and elsewhere. Successors of Hosokawa Dogen Roshi established Daiyuzenji in Chicago, and Korinji in Reedsburg, Wisconsin. In Germany and Austria, there are active groups connected to Sasaki Gensō Rōshi and Hozumi Genshō Rōshi.
Ōmori is the author of more than 20 books in the Japanese language.
Ōmori was also well known for his right-wing ultra-nationalist political activism and influence in government circles prior to the outbreak of the Second World War.

## Notable students

* Sasaki Gensō Rōshi
* Kadowaki Kakichi Roshi, Author "Zen and the Bible"
* Tanouye Tenshin Roshi
* Hozumi Gensho Roshi
* Hosokawa Dogen Roshi
* Shiohira Hideki Sensei
# Talbot v. Seeman

Talbot v. Seeman, 5 U.S. (1 Cranch) 1 (1801), was a United States Supreme Court case. It involved maritime law, specifically the circumstances under which salvage rights attach to a neutral vessel captured by enemy forces and then recaptured by the United States Navy.

## Background

The Amelia, a merchant vessel owned by citizens of Hamburg, was captured on the high seas by the French military vessel La Diligente during the French-American Naval Conflict (1798-1800), also known as the Quasi-War. The vessel was then recaptured during the same period by the USS Constitution under the command of Captain Talbot, who asserted salvage rights over the captured vessel. The Court considered two issues:
* Whether the recapture by the Constitution was legal
* Whether meritorious service (a prerequisite for salvage) was performed in the recapture.
The former issue was complicated by two factors. Firstly, an enemy vessel captured in time of war is captured legally. However, the vessel was not an enemy vessel but a vessel legally owned by a non-party to the conflict. Secondly, there was no declaration of war in the conflict between the United States and France.
The Hamburg vessel was on its way to France when it was recaptured by Captain Talbot. Hans Seeman and other owners of the vessel claimed that under the laws of war, the French would have to release it to them and thus Talbot's capture of the vessel did them no service. Talbot claimed that he saved the vessel from adjudication under the laws of France, which could have forfeited the vessel or demanded salvage payment to France.

## Decision

The Court held that although there was no declaration of war against France, the United States had authorized the military seizure of French vessels. Since the Amelia was armed and in the possession of the French Navy, probable cause existed and so Captain Talbot had captured it legally.
The Court further held that a meritorious service had been performed in rescuing it from French hands. In exchange for its return to its rightful owners, Talbot and the officers of the Constitution should be compensated.
The court reversed the Circuit Court of New York and ordered the vessel returned to its Hamburg owners upon their payment of salvage in the amount of one sixth of its value.
# Confederate government of Missouri

The Confederate government of Missouri was a continuation in exile of the government of pro-Confederate Governor Claiborne F. Jackson. It existed until General E. Kirby Smith surrendered all Confederate troops west of the Mississippi River at New Orleans, May 26, 1865.

## History

As the Civil War began, many leading citizens were hoping the state could remain neutral in the growing conflict. These hopes were encompassed in the so-called Price–Harney Truce of May 21, 1861. Implementation of the truce fell prey, however, to the growing conflict. At a meeting held at Planters' House in St. Louis, June 11, 1861, it became clear that leading Missourians would have to choose sides. In the fall of 1861, Governor Claiborne Jackson and other leading Missouri secessionists met in Neosho, Missouri. Acting as the Missouri General Assembly, this body enacted an ordinance of secession on October 28, 1861; however, the legal status of this ordinance was not accepted by Missouri's Union supporters, then or later.
The secession government applied for and, on November 28, 1861, was granted admission to the Confederacy as its purported 12th state. As a result of military operations, however, particularly the Battle of Pea Ridge in March 1862, the Confederate government of Missouri was not able to establish control over much of the state; its jurisdiction extended only as far as Confederate military strength could reach. Governor Jackson and his government were forced into exile. The exiled government established operations in Marshall, Texas, as part of the Trans-Mississippi bloc of Southern civil governments.
Although Confederate supporters in Missouri were unable to make good on their secession, the Southern government-in-exile sent legislators to the Congress of the Confederate States, and Missouri was represented by the twelfth star on the Confederate flag.
# Briskman

Briskman is a Jewish surname literally meaning "Brisk man", derived from the Yiddish name Brisk for the town of Brest, Belarus. Notable people with the surname include:
* Juli Briskman, American politician and journalist
* Robert Briskman (born 1932), an official with Sirius Satellite Radio
# Holbech

Holbech is a Germanic name, meaning "the low brook" or "the brook in the ravine or hollow". Notable people with the surname include:
* Charles Holbech, Archdeacon of Coventry from 1873 to 1887
* David Holbache or Holbech (c. 1355–1422/23), Welsh Member of Parliament, founder of Oswestry School
* Niels Peter Holbech, Danish portrait painter
* Thomas Holbech, Vice-Chancellor of Cambridge University in 1677, Master of Emmanuel College from 1676 to 1680
* William Holbech (bishop) (1850–1930), Bishop of St Helena, earlier Archdeacon of Kimberley and Dean of Bloemfontein
* William Holbech (cricketer) (1882–1914), English cricketer, killed in the First World War
* William Holbech (MP for Banbury) (1748–1812), English Member of Parliament for Banbury
# 12th Yokohama Film Festival

The 12th Yokohama Film Festival (第12回ヨコハマ映画祭) was held on 10 February 1991 in Kannai Hall, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.

## Awards

* Best Film: Sakura no Sono
* Best Actor: Masato Furuoya – Uchū no hōsoku
* Best Actress: Yuki Saito – Hong Kong Paradise
* Best New Actress:
** Saki Takaoka – Batāshi Kingyo
** Hiroko Nakajima – Sakura no Sono
** Riho Makise – Tugumi, Tōkyō Jōkū Irasshaimase
* Best Supporting Actor: Keizo Kanie – Ware ni utsu yoi ari, Boku to, bokura no natsu
* Best Supporting Actress: Tomoko Nakajima – Tugumi
* Best Director: Shun Nakahara – Sakura no Sono
* Best New Director: Joji Matsuoka – Batāshi Kingyo
* Best Screenplay: Hiroaki Jinno – Sakura no Sono
* Best Cinematography: Norimichi Kasamatsu – Batāshi Kingyo, Tekken
* Best Music Score: Shigeru Umebayashi – Tekken
* Special Prize:
** Yoshio Harada (Career)
** Kōji Wakamatsu (Career)

## Best 10

* Sakura no Sono
* Ware ni Utsu Yōi Ari
* Batāshi Kingyo
* Boiling Point
* Tekken
* Tugumi
* Uchū no hōsoku
* Tenamonya Connection
* Saraba Itoshi no Yakuza
* Hong Kong Paradise
    runner-up. Childhood Days
# Byakuya (gelato)

Byakuya (Japanese: 白夜, lit. 'white night') is a Japanese gelato considered luxurious that is, according to the Guinness Book of World Records, the world's most expensive ice cream that is priced at ¥873,400 ($6,696) for a single 130 mL (4.4 ounce) serving.

## Gelato

The gelato is exclusively produced by the Japan-based company Cellato, which sources its ingredients privately. Among these ingredients are white truffles from Alba, located in the Piedmont region of Italy, a place known as the premier origin of some of the most carefully cultivated and highly sought-after white truffles in the world. The gelato is made with white truffles and is topped with edible gold leaf. It includes two types of cheese: Parmigiano Reggiano, an Italian cheese product that adds nut like flavor, and Sake kasu, a paste-like byproduct of sake production that adds a subtle fermented flavor. Other non-luxury ingredients include milk, sugar, egg yolk, rice and rice malt, black truffle, brewed alcohol, cashew nuts and unspecified dairy products. It is considered rich in both taste and texture, with the cheese contributing a fruit-like complexity to the flavor, offering subtle sweet and tangy notes that balance the richness, adding depth to the overall flavor profile.
The creators of the gelato, Cellato, state that it took them one and a half years to create the recipe.