OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kanazawa Medical University

Kanazawa Medical University (金沢医科大学, Kanazawa ika daigaku) is a private university in Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan, established in 1972.
A general hospital Kanazawa Medical University Hospital is attached to the university. The university has operated Kanazawa Medical University Himi Municipal Hospital in Himi, Toyama since 2008.

## Development

* June 1, 1972 - Opening of university
* 1973 - Opening of affiliated nursing school
* 1974 - Opening of Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, and the founding of a graduate research department
* 1987 - Expansion of Kanazawa Medical School Hospital Annex
* 1989 - Founding of the Institute of Comprehensive Medicine
* 1994 - Begin offering special treatment services
* 1995 - Inspection and subsequent approval by the General Medical Council
* 1996 - Begin operation of KMUnet
* 1998 - Establishment of a high tech research center
* 2000 - Move to the use of electronic health records
* 2003 - Construction and opening of a new hospital building, reorganization of medical care, reorganization of the Graduate School of Medicine, construction of a student clubhouse, and registration as a full member of the Japan University Accreditation Association (JUAA) (jp:大学基準協会)
* 2004 - Restructuring of the medical school course system
* 2007 - The affiliated nursing vocational school is upgraded to a school of nursing offering 4 year degree programs
* 2008 - Began operation of Kanazawa Medical University Himi Municipal Hospital as designated administrator

## Controversies

* On December 8, 2018, a university official made a public statement that the School of Medicine had conducted its entrance examinations inappropriately.
** Age was taken into consideration when deciding alternate candidates, and applicants meeting the following criteria were given additional points when taking the AO (Admissions Office) entrance examinees: high school graduates from any of the three Hokuriku prefectures (Ishikawa (5 points), Fukui (3 points), and Toyama (3 points)), children of alumni (10 points), 3rd year high school students and 1st year rōnin (浪人) (5 points). Additional points were also given during the application screening process for transfer applicants who taking the transfer exam who had graduated from a highschool in one of the three Hokuriku prefectures and students who were under the age of 25, whereas points were deducted from applicants aged 27 and above.
** In response, the JUAA announced that it would be retracting its "Conforming" evaluation for the academic years of 2013-2017. Universities without this status are unable to apply for government grants for the development of educational programs.
# Lex Franken

Alexander "Lex" Franken (born 1 April 1916, date of death unknown) was a Dutch water polo player who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics. Born in Utrecht, he was part of the Dutch team which finished fifth in the 1936 tournament. He played all seven matches.
# Wim van Spingelen

Willem ("Wim") van Spingelen (9 February 1938) is a former water polo player from the Netherlands, who was a member of the Dutch Men's National Team that finished in eighth position at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan.
# Valerian Cristea

Valerian Cristea (born 1 August 1950) is a Moldovan politician and diplomat, currently serving as Deputy Mayor of Orhei. In 1998, Cristea was elected to the Parliament of Moldova as a Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova candidate and was re-elected in 2001. He was the Deputy Prime Minister from 2001 to 2006. He was also the ambassador of Moldova to the Czech Republic from 2007 to 2009. Cristea studied at the Technical University of Moldova.
# Saproscincus tetradactylus

Saproscincus tetradactylus, the four-fingered shadeskink or four-toed litter-skink, is a species of skink found in Queensland in Australia.
# 1987 Tongan general election

General elections were held in Tonga on 18 and 19 February 1987 to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of Tonga. Nine nobles and nine people's representatives were elected. Five of the latter favoured democratic reform.

## Results

Six of the nine People's Representatives were new to the Legislative Assembly, including Sione Matekihetuka, Laki Niu and ʻAkilisi Pōhiva from the Tongatapu constituency.
| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats |
| | Pro-reform candidates | | | 5 |
| | Anti-reform candidates | | | 4 |
| Nobles' representatives | Nobles' representatives | | | 9 |
| Ministers | Ministers | | | 10 |
| Total | Total | | | 28 |
| Total votes | Total votes | 25,281 | – | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 42,496 | 59.49 | |
| Source: Nohlen et al. |||||
# Murder of Michelle Schofield

Michelle Saum Schofield (born 1968 or 1969) was an American woman who lived in Central Florida with her husband Leo Schofield. She did not return home from her job at a restaurant in Lakeland on February 24, 1987. Her body was found three days later in a canal in Bone Valley. She had been stabbed multiple times. Leo was convicted of her murder in 1988 and was in prison for thirty-six years; however, he has always maintained his innocence.
A podcast about the murder called Bone Valley, created by writer Gilbert King for Lava for Good, was released in late 2022. The case was also featured on an episode of ABC's 20/20 called Last seen in Lakeland that aired on September 23, 2022.
Leo Schofield was denied parole in May 2023, with another review scheduled for March 2024. At the 2024 parole hearing, Leo Schofield was granted parole and released on April 30.
# Scott continuity

In mathematics, given two partially ordered sets P and Q, a function f: P → Q between them is Scott-continuous (named after the mathematician Dana Scott) if it preserves all directed suprema. That is, for every directed subset D of P with supremum in P, its image has a supremum in Q, and that supremum is the image of the supremum of D, i.e. $\sqcup f[D]=f(\sqcup D)$, where $\sqcup$ is the directed join. When $Q$ is the poset of truth values, i.e. Sierpiński space, then Scott-continuous functions are characteristic functions of open sets, and thus Sierpiński space is the classifying space for open sets.
A subset O of a partially ordered set P is called Scott-open if it is an upper set and if it is inaccessible by directed joins, i.e. if all directed sets D with supremum in O have non-empty intersection with O. The Scott-open subsets of a partially ordered set P form a topology on P, the Scott topology. A function between partially ordered sets is Scott-continuous if and only if it is continuous with respect to the Scott topology.
The Scott topology was first defined by Dana Scott for complete lattices and later defined for arbitrary partially ordered sets.
Scott-continuous functions are used in the study of models for lambda calculi and the denotational semantics of computer programs.

## Properties

A Scott-continuous function is always monotonic, meaning that if $A\leq _{P}B$ for $A,B\subset P$, then $f(A)\leq _{Q}f(B)$.
A subset of a directed complete partial order is closed with respect to the Scott topology induced by the partial order if and only if it is a lower set and closed under suprema of directed subsets.
A directed complete partial order (dcpo) with the Scott topology is always a Kolmogorov space (i.e., it satisfies the T$_0$ separation axiom). However, a dcpo with the Scott topology is a Hausdorff space if and only if the order is trivial. The Scott-open sets form a complete lattice when ordered by inclusion.
For any Kolmogorov space, the topology induces an order relation on that space, the specialization order: x ≤ y if and only if every open neighbourhood of x is also an open neighbourhood of y. The order relation of a dcpo D can be reconstructed from the Scott-open sets as the specialization order induced by the Scott topology. However, a dcpo equipped with the Scott topology need not be sober: the specialization order induced by the topology of a sober space makes that space into a dcpo, but the Scott topology derived from this order is finer than the original topology.

## Examples

The open sets in a given topological space when ordered by inclusion form a lattice on which the Scott topology can be defined. A subset X of a topological space T is compact with respect to the topology on T (in the sense that every open cover of X contains a finite subcover of X) if and only if the set of open neighbourhoods of X is open with respect to the Scott topology.
For CPO, the cartesian closed category of dcpo's, two particularly notable examples of Scott-continuous functions are curry and apply.
Nuel Belnap used Scott continuity to extend logical connectives to a four-valued logic.
# Mizdah massacre

Mizdah massacre refers to the murder of 30 migrants in Mizdah in Southwest Libya. 11 migrants were also injured in the massacre by human traffickers. 26 of the migrants were from Bangladesh and four from various African countries.

## Incident

Libya has become a transit country for migrants seeking to enter Europe. 654 Bangladeshis illegally entered Europe through Libya from January to April 2020, according European Frontex agency. Migrants pay 10,000 euros to smugglers in Libya to reach Europe. On 27 May 2020, 30 migrants were shot and killed by human traffickers in Mizdah. 26 of the migrants were from Bangladesh and four from African countries. 36 Bangladeshi migrants were held hostage in the town of Mizdah for ransom by the human traffickers. The 26 Bangladeshis killed in the massacre were buried in Mizdah. The injured migrants received treatment at a hospital in Tripoli. According to the Government of National Accord, the migrants were killed by relatives of a human trafficker, who had been killed during an altercation with migrants after the trafficker demanded more money.
One Bangladeshi migrant, who survived the massacre, reported paying brokers in Bangladesh. The broker accompanied the migrant to Nepal, from there to Dubai, then from Dubai to Egypt, and then handed them over to Libyan traffickers at the Egypt-Libya border. The migrants were held in Mizdah and tortured for ransom from their family back in Bangladesh. The traffickers demanded 12,000 dollars from the family of migrants.

## Reaction

The European Union has condemned the killing and reiterated its commitment towards the fight against human traffickers. Bangladesh has called for a quick investigation of the massacre.
Medecins Sans Frontieres called for the evacuation of all migrants from Libya, describing the country as unsafe.
# Civil United Green Alternative

The Civil United Green Alternative movement (Russian: движение Гражданская Объединённая Зелёная Альтернатива), GROZA movement (Russian: движение ГРОЗА, lit. "Thunderstorm"), formerly Interregional Green Party, is a Russian movement, founded in 1991 as a local party in Leningrad. In 2005, it reorganized in the green political movement "Green Alternative" (GROZA). The movement is an associate member of the European Green Party.
# Clay v. Sun Insurance Office, Ltd.

Clay v. Sun Insurance Office, Ltd., 363 U.S. 207 (1960) and 377 U.S. 179 (1964), was a conflict of laws case that was twice heard by the Supreme Court of the United States, with an initial decision remanding the case for further proceedings in 1960, and a final resolution in 1964.

## Facts

Plaintiff, while living in Illinois, bought an insurance policy from a company headquartered in the United Kingdom. The policy included a clause requiring that insured's seeking to sue on an insurance claim must do so within twelve months. The plaintiff later moved to Florida, which has five year statute of limitations for lawsuits brought on contracts. The plaintiff suffered a loss in Florida, and sued in Florida to recover under the policy. The District Court applied Florida law and allowed recovery.
The United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit reversed, citing Home Insurance Co. v. Dick.

## 1960 Supreme Court decision

The case was appealed to the United States Supreme Court, which first considered it in 1960, noting that the circuit court of appeals could not "make a competent guess" about how the Florida courts would construe an insurance statute. The court observed that the Florida legislature had passed a statute allowing the federal courts to certify questions of state law to the Florida Supreme Court, but that the Florida courts had not yet made a rule establishing procedures under the statute. After this decision, various states began to adopt statutes or rules allowing for the certification of questions of state law to state courts. The Supreme Court remanded Clay to the Fifth Circuit for reconsideration in an opinion drawing dissents from Justices Black and Douglass. After further litigation before the Court of Appeals, the case was again appealed to the Supreme Court in 1964, this time obtaining a final resolution.

## 1964 Supreme Court decision

On appeal in 1964, the Supreme Court considered whether the contacts between the defendant insurance company and the forum state of Florida were sufficient to avoid a violation of Fourteenth Amendment due process or of the Full Faith and Credit Clause. Justice Douglas, writing for the unanimous court, found that Home Insurance Co. v. Dick was distinguishable based on the absence of contacts between the claimant in that case and the state in which the lawsuit was brought. However, because insurance contracts are transitory, insurers must expect policy holders to move to other states, and for the policies to be subject to the laws of those states. The insurer in Clay's case did business throughout the United States, and had no particular affinity for the laws of Illinois, while Clay had ample contacts with Florida sufficient to satisfy Fourteenth Amendment due process or Full Faith and Credit.
# Bruno Goyens de Heusch

Bruno Goyens de Heusch (born 15 March 1959) is a Belgian equestrian. He competed in the individual eventing at the 2000 Summer Olympics.
# Constantin Van Rijckevorsel

Constantin Van Rijckevorsel (born 24 June 1976) is a Belgian equestrian. He competed at the 1996 Summer Olympics, the 2000 Summer Olympics and the 2004 Summer Olympics.
# C. N. Liew

C. N. Liew (Chinese: 刘庆伦; pinyin: Liu Qing Lun) (born 1975) is a Malaysian Chinese painter and calligrapher based in Hong Kong. His artwork was also the first Chinese calligraphy collected by the Malaysian Royal Palace. He is also an alumnus of Chong Hwa Independent High School, Kuala Lumpur. In celebration of Chong Hwa's Schools 100th anniversary, he has contributed his calligraphic inscriptions on its cover for the school's commemorative stamps.
In 2005, C.N. Liew ‘s “Surrealligraphy” won the “Special Award of the First Seoul International Calligraphy Biennial”. In 2012, C.N. Liew became the first Malaysian artist to exhibit at Art Basel, Fine Art Asia, and Art Miami. 2016 Asian Weekly named C.N. Liew as the “World Outstanding Young Leaders Award” winner.

## Awards

* 2005 - The Special Award Recipient of the 1st Seoul Calligraphy Biennale in 2005
* 2000 - Works were entered into World Chinese Calligraphy & Painting Records, endorsed by the Ministry of Culture of The People's Republic of China and published by China Culture and Art Publication.
* 1995 - Excellent Award for Calligraphy & Painting - The Global Calligraphy & Painting Competition, organised by Taiwan Overseas Chinese Affairs Commission.

## Selected Public & Private Collections

* Prime Minister's Office of Malaysia
* National Art Gallery of Malaysia
* Seoul Calligraphy Biennale
* Singapore Nei Xue Tang Museum
* Plum Plossoms Gallery in Hong Kong
* Soka Gakkai Malaysia
* Dr. Ikeda Daisaku - Recipient of United Nations Peace Award 1983; Poet Laureate
* Mr. Tan Swie Hian - Member-Correspondent, Academy of Fine Arts, Institute of France; Recipient of Crystal Award 2003
* Mr. Liu Chang Le - CEO of Phoenix TV (Hong Kong)
* Su An Sam Sa - Renowned Zen Art Master, National Treasure of Korea
* Mr. & Mrs Ko Kheng Hwa - Managing Director of the Economic Development Board of Singapore
* CMY Capital
* YTL Corporation
# Colette Bryce

Colette Bryce is a poet, freelance writer, and editor. She was a Fellow in Creative Writing at the University of Dundee from 2003 to 2005, and a North East Literary Fellow at the University of Newcastle upon Tyne from 2005 to 2007. She was the Poetry Editor of Poetry London from 2009 to 2013. In 2019 Bryce succeeded Eavan Boland as editor of Poetry Ireland Review.

## Early life

Bryce was born in Derry, Northern Ireland, where she was educated at Thornhill College. Bryce lived in London until 2002 when she moved to Scotland. She moved to the North East of England in 2005.

## Works

Bryce's first published work was included in the 1995 volume Anvil New Poets, ed. Carol Ann Duffy, which also introduced the work of poets Kate Clanchy and Alice Oswald, among others. That year she won an Eric Gregory Award. Her poetry appears in the recent anthologies Modern Women Poets (Bloodaxe), and The New Irish Poets (Bloodaxe), Forward Book of Poetry 2009 (Forward), Hand in Hand (Faber) and the Penguin Book of Irish Poetry (Penguin, 2010).
Her first collection The Heel of Bernadette, published in 2000 by Picador, won the Aldeburgh Poetry Festival Prize and the Strong Award (now known as the Strong/Shine Award) for new Irish poets.
In 2003, Bryce won the National Poetry Competition for her poem, The Full Indian Rope Trick, which became the title-poem of her 2004 collection, short-listed for the TS Eliot Award the following year.
A pamphlet, The Observations of Aleksandr Svetlov, appeared from Donut Press in 2007.
Her third collection Self-Portrait in the Dark was published in 2008 and shortlisted for the Poetry Now Award in 2009. It includes the poem Self-Portrait in a Broken Wing-Mirror that won the Academi Cardiff International Poetry Competition in 2007.
In 2010, she received a Cholmondely Award for poets from the Society of Authors.
A pamphlet ″Ballasting the Ark″, written in response to a Leverhulme fellowship at Dove Marine Laboratory in Cullercoats, was shortlisted for the Ted Hughes Award for new work in poetry in 2012.
Her 2014 collection ″The Whole & Rain-domed Universe″, which draws on the author's experience of growing up in Derry during the Troubles, was awarded a special Christopher Ewart-Biggs Award in memory of Seamus Heaney. The book was also short-listed for Forward Prize for Best Poetry Collection, The Costa Poetry Award, and The Roehampton Poetry Prize.
“Selected Poems” was awarded the Pigott Prize for Irish poetry in 2017.
Her collection “The M Pages” was published by Picador in 2020.
# Collins Encyclopaedia of Scotland

Collins Encyclopaedia of Scotland is a reference work published by HarperCollins, edited by the husband and wife team, John and Julia Keay.

## History

Scots had provided the impetus for a number of well-known references works, Chambers Dictionary and Encyclopædia Britannica amongst them (the latter still uses a thistle as a logo), but hitherto there had been no general purpose Scottish encyclopaedia.

## Statistics

The encyclopaedia took seven years to compile and has appeared in two editions. The first edition, published in 1994, contained about a million words, nearly five hundred illustrations, and had 126 contributors, ranging from Derick Thomson to David Steel, from Alan Bold to Neil MacCormick and from Joy Hendry to Sir William Macpherson of Cluny. It has four thousand individual entries, and an index indicating further references in other articles.

## Articles

In the original edition, the first entry is Aaron Scotus, and the last on the marquisate of Zetland (the only Z entry).
The aim seems to have been to have reasonably brief entries on most topics, but subjects that get lengthier ones, include Scotland's major cities (including the traditional city of Perth), association football and rugby in Scotland, the Scottish Gaelic language, Scots law etc. A wide variety of topics are dealt with, including figures from science, literature, philosophy, sport and history.
Less "obvious" topics which have entries include the Roman general Agricola (who tried to invade Scotland), the hooded crow, Berwick-upon-Tweed (which has a stormy past, lying right on the Anglo-Scottish Border) and medicinal plants.
Several appendices cover the schisms (and mergers) of Scottish Presbyterian factions from 1700 to the date of publication, and also the Scottish royal line.

## Second edition

The second edition in 2000 contained over a hundred new articles, amongst them, ones on Billy Bremner the footballer, Dolly the Sheep, the Scottish Parliament and the politician John Smith.
# Common Booster Core

The Common Booster Core (CBC) was an American rocket stage, which was used on the Delta IV rocket as part of a modular rocket system. Delta IV rockets flying in the Medium and Medium+ configurations each used a single Common Booster Core as their first stage, while the Heavy configuration used three; one as the first stage and two as boosters. The Common Booster Core was 40.8 metres (134 ft) long, had a diameter of 5.1 metres (17 ft) and was powered by a single RS-68 engine burning liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen.
The first static test-firing of a Common Booster Core was conducted on 17 March 2001, and the final test of the initial program was conducted on 6 May. Testing was conducted using Test Stand B-2 of the Stennis Space Center, a facility originally constructed for testing of the first stages of Saturn V rockets during the 1960s. The first launch of a Common Booster Core was the maiden flight of the Delta IV, which was launched from Space Launch Complex 37B at the Cape Canaveral Space Force Station on 20 November 2002.
The first flight of the Delta IV Heavy, featuring three Common Booster Cores, was conducted on 21 December 2004. On this flight all three CBCs malfunctioned, cutting off prematurely due to cavitation in their oxidizer lines, and resulting in the rocket reaching a lower orbit than that which had been planned. In response to the failure, additional pressure valves were installed on future launches.
The Delta IV made 45 flights; 29 in Medium and Medium+ configurations, and 16 in the Heavy configuration, resulting in a total of 77 Common Booster Cores being launched. Delta IV retired on April 24 2024.
The CBCs were manufactured in United Launch Alliance's 1,500,000-square-foot (140,000 m$^2$) manufacturing facility in Decatur, Alabama and then transported by the RS RocketShip to either Vandenberg Air Force Base or Cape Canaveral Air Force Station where they were integrated with the spacecraft and other components such as strap-on boosters and a Delta Cryogenic Second Stage.