OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Struggle (1931 film)

The Struggle is a 1931 American pre-Code feature film directed by D. W. Griffith (his last film) based on the 1877 novel L'Assommoir by Émile Zola. It was Griffith's only full-sound film besides Abraham Lincoln (1930). After several films directed by Griffith failed at the box office, The Struggle was his last film. The film was made primarily at the Audio-Cinema studios in the Bronx, New York with some outdoor filming on the streets of the Bronx.
The Struggle stars Hal Skelly, Zita Johann, Charles Richman, and in her film debut, Helen Mack. Longtime Griffith actress Kate Bruce made her final film appearance in this film as Granny, and this was also the final film for Claude Cooper.

## Plot

The story begins in 1911 and extends into the Prohibition era. Jimmie got into the habit of drinking (bootleg liquor) partly due to the Prohibition law. When he falls in love with and proposes to Florrie, he makes a vow "not to take another drink". The young couple gets married, has a daughter and enjoys a happy family life until Jimmie starts drinking again due to circumstances. As Jimmie descends into alcoholism, his family falls into disarray. His sister Nan is forced to break off engagement with Johnny due to Jimmie's alcohol-fueled bad behavior. Finally, Florrie manages to save the family and nurtures Jimmie back to his feet. Nan and Johnny are reunited.

## Cast

* Hal Skelly as Jimmie Wilson
* Zita Johann as Florrie
* Charlotte Wynters as Nina
* Evelyn Baldwin as Nan Wilson
* Jackson Halliday as Johnnie Marshall
* Edna Hagan as Mary
* Claude Cooper as Sam
* Arthur Lipson as Cohen
* Charles Richman as Mr. Craig
* Helen Mack as A Catty Girl
* Scott Moore as A Gigolo
* Dave Manley as A Mill Worker
* Kate Bruce as Granny (uncredited)
* Tammany Young as Barfly (uncredited)

## Production

The film was inspired in part by Griffith's own battles with alcoholism. He partly funded it with a 1929 tax refund that had been invested in stocks that did well despite the Depression. Shooting took place from July to August 1931.

## Release

The film received poor reviews and was not a success at the box office. In 1935 United Artists considered re-releasing the film but could not get a Code Seal from the Breen Office unless cuts were made, so decided not to do it. In 1940 another distributor B.A. Mills considered re-releasing it under the title Ten Nights in a Barroom but encountered similar difficulties. Griffith never made another movie although he did marry an actress from the film, Evelyn Baldwin.
The film's copyright was renewed in 1959, so it will not fall into the public domain until January 1, 2027.
# Order of Saint Nicholas the Wonderworker

The Imperial Military Order of Saint Nicholas the Wonderworker (in Russian: Импepaтopcкий Boeнный Opдeн Cвятитeля Hикoлaя Чyдoтвopцa) was originally a medal, instituted in 1929 by the Russian pretender, Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich and conferred on Russian veterans who had fought in the First World War. A similar order was established by General Wrangel as Order of Saint Nicholas Thaumaturgus.

## An outline of the history of the order

According to the eminent Soviet specialist I. G. Spasskiy, an order with this name was planned already in 1915, during the penultimate year of the reign of Nicholas II, but the project was never completed because of political developments. Fourteen years later the idea was adopted by Russians living in exile and the order was founded on 19 July 1929 by a cousin to the last Tsar, Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich, who had assumed the title of the Emperor of All the Russias in 1924. Originally, the order had only one class and all Russian veterans of World War I were entitled to receive it. There exist, however, enamelled and unenamelled badges, and one can assume that the enamelled ones were awarded to officers and the simpler ones to NCOs and privates.
On 4 August 2001 Grand Duke Kirill's granddaughter, the present pretender Maria Vladimirovna raised the old medal to the rank of a House Order of the Imperial House of Russia, adding a Grand Cross to be worn on a sash and a Commanders neck cross. The old medal became the lowest class of the order, worn on a chest riband.
On 14 December 2001, the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation legalized the wearing of the order in Russia by military persons on active duty.

## The Insignia

The badge of the order is a cross pattée, covered on the obverse with white enamel. In the centre there is a medallion, showing three different variations: on crosses awarded to Christians a figure of Saint Nicholas, while non-Christians received a badge with the monogram of the founder "K I", and the medical personnel still another one with the emblem of the Red Cross in the centre. In early versions of the badge there are griffins from the coat of arms of the Romanovs and swords between the arms of the cross, in later versions Imperial Russian eagles in gold. The reverse of the cross was unenamelled and bore the inscription "BEЛ. MIPOB. BOЙHA 1914 Г.-1917 Г." (Great World War 1914–1917).
The order was worn on a riband in the colours of the Imperial Flag of Russia, black-yellow-white. In spite of being called "Grand Cross" the 1st Class of the present order has no breast star.
The modern order instituted in 2001 has the initials of Nicholas II (H II) and Cyril (K I) on the reverse, surrounded by the motto "ДOЛГ-ЧECТЬ-OТEЧECТBO" (Duty-Honour-Fatherland). The depiction of Saint Nicholas on the obverse is surrounded by the inscription "ЭA BOEННЫE ЭACЛУГИ" (For military merit).

## Literature

* И. Г. Cпaccкий, Инocтpaнныe и pyccҝиe opдeнa дo 1917 гoдa, Leningrad 1958
* Vaclav Mericka, Book of Orders and Decorations, Prague 1978
# Asynchronous reprojection

Asynchronous reprojection is a class of computer graphics technologies aimed ensuring a virtual reality headset's responsiveness to user motion even when the GPU isn't able to keep up with the headset's target frame rate. Reprojection involves the headset's driver taking one or multiple previously rendered frames and using newer motion information from the headset's sensors to extrapolate (often referred to as "reprojecting" or "warping") the previous frame into a prediction of what a normally rendered frame would look like. "Asynchronous" refers to this process being continuously performed in parallel with rendering, allowing reprojected frames to be displayed without delay in case a regular frame is not rendered in time.
The use of these techniques allows for a lowering in the video rendering hardware specifications required to achieve a certain intended level of responsiveness.

## Variations

Various vendors have implemented their own variations of the technique under different names. Basic versions of the technique are referred to as asynchronous reprojection by Google and Valve, while Oculus has two implementations, called asynchronous timewarp and asynchronous spacewarp. Asynchronous timewarp uses the headset's rotational data to extrapolate a new rendered frame based on the last frame it received. Asynchronous spacewarp additionally uses depth information to help compensate for perspective and other geometric changes. Valve's early version called interleaved reprojection would make the application run at half frame rate and reproject every other frame. A later variant by Valve is SteamVR Motion Smoothing, which builds upon regular asynchronous reprojection in being able to reproject two frames instead of one.
# National Olympic Committee of Timor Leste

National Olympic Committee of Timor Leste (Portuguese: Comité Olímpico Nacional de Timor-Leste, IOC code: TLS) is the National Olympic Committee representing East Timor, also known as Timor-Leste.
# Filhó

A filhó (or filhós in plural) is a traditional pastry in Portugal and Northeastern Brazil.
Filhós are usually made by forming balls from a mixture of flour and eggs. When the dough has risen, the balls are deep-fried and sprinkled with a mixture of sugar and cinnamon. This is a traditional Christmas bake in Portugal, although it is now commercialised throughout the year. Although there is not a specific place of origin, this sweet has strong roots in the inland regions of central Northern Portugal.
# Guayanilla Pumas

Pumas FC. is a Puerto Rican soccer team who plays in Guayanilla. The team plays in the Puerto Rico Soccer League 2nd Division. They also play in the Liga Nacional.

## 2008 season

The team finished the season with a record of 6–1–1. Their only loss was a 3–1 defeat to Yabucoa Borikén.

## Liga Nacional

The team lost their first game 6–3 to Club Yaguez.

## Current squad

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 1 | GK | PUR | Héctor "Jun" Chacón |
| 16 | MF | PUR | Hans Pagan |
| 77 | DF | MEX | José 'Pepe" Penilla |
| — | DF | PUR | Juan C. Rivera |
| — | DF | PUR | Efraín Soto |
| — | DF | PUR | Javier "Japo" Santiago |
| — | DF | PUR | Ángel Luna |
| — | DF | PUR | Ángel Rivera |
| — | DF | PUR | Jesús Rodríguez |
| — | DF | PUR | José Hernandez Mejia |
| — | MF | PUR | Joseph Rivera |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| — | MF | PUR | José F. Sinigaglia |
| — | MF | PUR | Ronald Sinigaglia |
| — | MF | PUR | Heriberto Galarza |
| — | MF | PUR | Christian Abreu |
| — | MF | PUR | Jean Santiago |
| — | MF | PUR | Juan Abreu |
| — | MF | | Mario Armenta |
| — | MF | PUR | Wilmer Meletiche |
| — | FW | PUR | Alberto Figueroa |
| — | FW | PUR | Luis Lebrón Rodriguez |
| — | FW | PUR | Ángel Miranda |
# Qijianglong

Qijianglong is a genus of herbivorous mamenchisaurid sauropod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of China.

## Discovery

A vertebra of Qijianglong was first discovered in the early 1990s by farmer Cai Changming of Heba village, Sichuan, in his backyard. Work at a nearby construction site at Qijiang District uncovered a rich fossil quarry in 2006. Its excavation caused an examination of the earlier find which led to the discovery of a skeleton. In 2015, the type species Qijianglong guokr was named and described by Xing Lida (China University of Geosciences), Tetsuto Miyashita (University of Alberta), Zhang Jianping, Li Daqing, Ye Yong (Zigong Dinosaur Museum), Toru Sekiya (Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum), Wang Fengping and Philip John Currie. The generic name combines the district Qijiang with Mandarin long, "dragon". The specific name guokr, "nutshell", is that of a Chinese scientific social network.
The holotype QJGPM 1001 was found in a layer of the Suining Formation, which was seen as dating from the Late Jurassic but is now considered mid-Cretaceous (late Aptian) based on radiometric dating. It consists of a partial skeleton with a skull. It includes the rear of the skull, a partial right lower jaw, a complete series of seventeen neck vertebrae, the first six back vertebrae, ribs, the probable tenth tail vertebra, a series of twenty-eight rear tail vertebrae, chevrons, the left pubic bone and two upper pedal phalanges. It likely represents a juvenile individual, large but immature.
The holotype of Qijianglong was about fifteen meters long and had a long neck. The describing authors established several distinguishing traits among which four autapomorphies. On the lower braincase the processus basipterygoideus has the form of a plate, is oriented along the body axis, and has an additional boss parallel to the tubera basilaria. The neck vertebrae have rear joint processes, postzygapophyses that next to their normal facets show on the outside an additional finger-shaped extension, stiffening the neck in the horizontal plane but allowing vertical movement. The rear neck vertebrae have pneumatopores, pneumatic openings, in the depression between the diapophysis, the upper rib joint process, and the neural spine. The pubic bone has a concave front edge, curving so strongly that its lower end is more directed to the front than to below.

## Systematics

Qijianglong was placed in the family Mamenchisauridae, in a relatively basal position but above Omeisaurus tianfuensis in the evolutionary tree.
# Zuzana Jandová

Zuzana Jandová (born 18 August 1987 in Karviná, Czechoslovakia) is a Czech businesswoman, model, charity worker and beauty pageant titleholder who won the 2008 Miss Czech Republic and represented her country in Miss World 2008 in South Africa. She completed her studies at a business school and works in Charity Endowment, Help and Support.
# Signal du Mont du Chat

The Signal du Mont du Chat is a mountain in the Jura Mountains with an altitude of 1,504 metres, in France. It is situated in Savoie, west of Le Bourget-du-Lac.

## Tour de France

The climb of the Mont du Chat is rarely used in the Tour de France, so far only in 1974 and 2017. In 2017 it was classified as an hors catégorie climb, with a length of 8.7 km à 10.3%.
During the 2017 Critérium du Dauphiné the Mont du Chat was included in stage 6. Fabio Aru was the first over the top, while Jakob Fuglsang won the stage before Richie Porte who kept his lead in the general classification. A month later, during the 2017 Tour de France, Warren Barguil was the first rider over the top of the col. In the descent, there was a heavy crash by Porte who broke his clavicle and pelvis and had to withdraw from the race. Rigoberto Urán won the stage, with Chris Froome keeping the yellow jersey.
| Year | Stage | Start of stage | Distance (km) | Category | First over the top | Stage winner | Yellow jersey |
| 2017 | 9 | Nantua | 181.5 | HC | Warren Barguil (FRA) | Rigoberto Urán (COL) | Chris Froome (GBR) |
| 1974 | 10 | Aix-les-Bains | 131 | 2 | Gonzalo Aja (ESP) | Eddy Merckx (BEL) | Eddy Merckx (BEL) |
# Dharmashala, Kannur

Dharmashala is a town and headquarters of the Anthoor Municipality in Kannur district of the North Malabar region in the Indian Indian state of Kerala, near National Highway 66 between Kannur and Taliparamba about 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) north of Kannur.

## Education

* Kannur University
* Government College of Engineering, Kannur
* The thirteenth National Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFT) Campus in Kannur
# Edson Pinheiro

Edson Cavalcante Pinheiro (born 3 June 1979) is a Brazilian Paralympic athlete. He represented Brazil at the 2008 Summer Paralympics, at the 2012 Summer Paralympics and at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and he won the bronze medal in the men's 100 metres T38 event in 2016. Além disso conquistou sete medalhas em quadro edições dos jogos Parapan-Americanos e quatro medalhas em campeonatos mundiais.
# Palais Esterházy

Palais Esterházy is a baroque palace in Vienna, Austria, owned by the noble Esterházy family. It houses a famous and popular restaurant in the former wine cellars, called Esterházykeller.
The Palace is one of two with the same name in Vienna. This particular Palais Esterházy is on Wallnerstraße (the other one is on Kärntner Straße). At one time there were 14 different properties on this site. The first prince began building between 1685 and 1695. It was between 1806 and 1820 that it got the appearance we know today. In the 20th century, the family hardly used it. After renovations in the post World War II period, most parts were leased out.
# Pernilla Lindberg (swimmer)

Pernilla Lindberg (born 7 May 1994) is a Swedish Paralympic swimmer who competes mainly in freestyle swimming events in international level events. She competed at the 2016 Summer Paralympics, and 2020 Summer Paralympics.
She competed at the 2019 INAS Global Games.
# Editha

Editha is a small genus of large, brightly colored sand wasps, restricted to South America. They are specialized predators of butterflies, and after capturing and paralyzing their prey, they strip the wings off before placing the bodies in an underground cell to serve as food for the wasp larva.
# Benjamin Say

Benjamin Say (August 28, 1755 – April 23, 1813) was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.

## Biography

Benjamin Say was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to Thomas (1709–1796) and Rebekah Atkinson Budd Say (1716–1795), He married Ann Bartram Bonsall (1759–1793) on Oct. 1, 1776, a granddaughter of naturalist John Bartram. Their son Thomas Say (1787–1835) became a pioneering entomologist.
Say graduated from the medical department of the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia in 1780 and practiced in that city. He also worked as an apothecary. He served in the American Revolutionary War, and was a fellow of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, of which he was one of the founders in 1787, and was treasurer from 1791 to 1809. He was a member of the Pennsylvania Prison Society and president of the Pennsylvania Humane Society. He was a member of the Pennsylvania State Senate.
Say was elected as a Democratic-Republican to the Tenth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Joseph Clay. He was reelected to the Eleventh Congress and served until his resignation in June 1809.
He had a grand house to the southwest of the then-borders of Philadelphia. Dubbed "The Cliffs", it overlooked the Schuylkill River near Gray's Ferry, just upriver from the Bartram estate.

## Death

He died in Philadelphia in 1813.
# Sauvagella robusta

Sauvagella robusta is a small species of fish in the family Clupeidae. It is endemic to the Amboaboa and Mangarahara River Basins in northern Madagascar. This relatively slender fish reaches a length of 6.8 cm (2.7 in), and is overall pale yellowish with silvery on the lower parts. Its current population trend is unclear, but the cichlid Ptychochromis insolitus, which is highly threatened from habitat loss, is native to the same region. Sauvagella robusta is known to survive at least in Lake Tseny.
# Lea Desandre

Lea Desandre (born 1993) is a French-Italian mezzo-soprano.

## Biography

Desandre trained in dance as a child, and she joined the children's choir of the Opéra national de Paris at the age of twelve. She later moved to Venice to train under Sara Mingardo. Desandre joined William Christie's Jardin des Voix [fr] in 2015.
# Koroglaš Monastery

The Koroglaš Monastery (Serbian: Манастир Корoглаш, romanized: Manastir Koroglaš; Romanian: Mănăstirea Coroglași) is an abandoned 14th century Serbian Orthodox monastery in the village of Miloševo, Negotin, Serbia, thought to have been founded by Serbian king Stefan Milutin of the Nemanjić dynasty or by Mircea I of Wallachia. Legend says that King of Prilep Prince Marko was buried here after returning from the Battle of Rovine against Mircea I of Wallachia in 1395. The same legend mentioned that Mircea the Elder of Wallachia erected the monastery in memory of Christians killed in the battle of Rovine and in memory of Marko A medieval necropolis of the monastery is partly excavated.
Koroglaš Monastery was declared Monument of Culture of Great Importance in 1979, and it is protected by Republic of Serbia.
# Roberto Campos (baseball)

Roberto Campos (1902 – death unknown) was a Cuban professional baseball outfielder in the Negro leagues and Cuban League in the 1920s.
A native of Manzanillo, Cuba, Campos played in the Negro leagues for the Cuban Stars (West) in 1923. He also played in the Cuban League for the Habana club in 1923–1924.
# List of Spanish films of 1955

A list of films produced in Spain in 1955 (see 1955 in film).

## 1955

| Title | Director | Cast | Genre | Notes |
| 1955 |||||
| Death of a Cyclist | Juan Antonio Bardem | Lucia Bosé, Alberto Closas, Manuel Alexandre | Drama | Cannes Award. Spanish Neorealism |
| It Happened in Seville | José Gutiérrez Maesso | Juanita Reina, Rubén Rojo, Alfredo Mayo | Musical | |
| Marta | Francisco Elías | Mario Cabré, Elisa Montés, Ernesto Vilches | Drama | |
| The Miracle of Marcelino | Ladislao Vajda | Pablito Calvo | Christian | Won awards at Cannes and Berlin |
| Radio Stories | José Luis Sáenz de Heredia | Francisco Rabal, José Isbert, Alberto Romea | Comedy | Film with three episodes. Spanish Neorealism |
| The Red Fish | José Antonio Nieves Conde | Arturo de Córdova, Emma Penella, Félix Dafauce | Film Noir | |
| Sighs of Triana | Ramón Torrado | Paquita Rico, Antonio Riquelme, Juan Calvo | Musical | |
| Sin la sonrisa de Dios | Julio Salvador | Conrado San Martín, Julia Caba Alba | | |
| Tangier Assignment | César Fernández Ardavín | Fernando Rey, Bob Simmons, Gustavo Re | Crime | Co-production with UK |
# Kuşkonar and Koçağılı massacre

The Kuşkonar and Koçağılı massacre (Turkish: Kuşkonar Katliamı, Kurdish: Komkujiya Kuşkonare) is the name given to the 26 March 1994 massacre in which 38 Kurdish villagers were killed and the villages of Koçağılı and Kuşkonar near the province of Şırnak were destroyed as a result of the Turkish Armed Forces' heavy bombardment.
The families of victims who appealed to the Turkish court weren't convinced from the court decision that the PKK was responsible for the massacre. They appealed to the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) and the investigations revealed that in spite of Turkey's claims there were no clashes in the area. Turkey was condemned for killing Kurdish civilians and the ECHR ordered Turkey to pay 2.3 million euros to the families of victims.

## Incident

The incident took place at the villages of Koçağılı and Kuşkonar, Sirnak Province, in the morning of 26 March 1994 whilst most male residents of both villages were working in the fields outside the villages. Villagers heard aircraft flying nearby at around 10.30 and 11.00 AM. Turkish Air Force military aircraft and a helicopter circled both villages and started to bomb them. Villagers who saw bombs tried to escape the bombardment, but machine gun fire from the helicopter prevented their escape. Some people received direct hits and some were trapped under the rubble of the houses that were destroyed in the bombing.
After the bombardment 38 people had died, 13 people in Koçağılı and 25 in Kuşkonar. Most of those who died were children, women or elderly, including seven babies. In addition, a total of 13 people were injured. Later the Turkish Armed Forces soldiers blamed the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) and used the incident as a propaganda. The government had also refused to start investigations despite the complaints of the survived villagers and their relatives.
According to the court, blaming the PKK for crimes like this was back then common act by Turkish government.

## Aftermath

The lawyer of the case was Tahir Elçi, a Kurdish lawyer and activist. He had been previously threatened by state-sponsored factors for not labelling the PKK as a terrorist organization.