# 2016 New Territories East by-election

The 2016 New Territories East by-election was held on 28 February 2016 after the incumbent Legislative Councillor Ronny Tong Ka-wah of New Territories East quit the Civic Party and resigned from the Legislative Council of Hong Kong (LegCo), effective on 1 October 2015.
The winning candidate in the by-election serves a term of only around five months, as the session of legislature ends in July 2016. Though the term is short, the pan-democrats saw the seat as crucial, fearing that the pro-Beijing camp would modify the rules of procedure if they gained a majority of the geographical constituency seats to block pan-democrats' filibustering, as the seats in the geographical constituencies commanded by two camps were evenly 17-17 before the election.
Alvin Yeung Ngok-kiu of the pan-democracy camp held the seat for the Civic Party with 37 percent of the popular vote. Holden Chow Ho-ding of the Beijing-loyalist Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong (DAB) came second, and Edward Leung Tin-kei of the localist Hong Kong Indigenous - who took a leading role in the 9 February Mong Kok civil unrest - came third.

## Background

On 22 June 2015, few days after the legislative vote on the 2015 Hong Kong electoral reform over the electoral method of the 2017 Chief Executive election, moderate democrat Ronny Tong Ka-wah, who had campaigned for his mid-way reform proposal, announced that he would quit the Civic party that he co-founded and would also resign from the Legislative Council as he said it was inappropriate for him to retain his seat in the legislature because he stood for election as a Civic Party member which was effective on 1 October 2015.
After the resignation of Ronny Tong, the seats commanded by the pan-democrats and pro-Beijing camp in the geographical constituencies became 17-17. If the pro-Beijing camp had gained the majority of the seats, the pan-democrats feared that they would have modified the rules of procedure, which require a majority in both geographical and functional constituencies, in order to block filibustering, which had been used by pan-democrats as a tool against legislative bills by the Leung Chun-ying administration that they saw as unreasonable.

## Candidates

Alvin Yeung Ngok-kiu of the Civic Party, the number two candidate after Ronny Tong in the Civic Party's list running in New Territories East constituency in the last LegCo election in 2012, was named by Tong as his successor. Other pan-democratic parties also made way for the Civic Party in order to have only one candidate to represent the pan-democracy camp. Youngspiration, a localist group intended to field a candidate and invited the Civic Party to hold a primary, modeling from the pan-democratic primary for the 2007 Hong Kong Island by-election, but later dropped out due to the lack of time for a primary. Yeung submitted his nomination form on 5 January 2016, the first day for the nominations.
Holden Chow Ho-ding, vice chairman of the largest Beijing-loyalist party Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong (DAB) who submitted his nomination form on 5 January 2016, represents the pro-Beijing camp in the by-election. He was endorsed by major pro-Beijing parties, New People's Party, Business and Professionals Alliance for Hong Kong and Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions.
Christine Fong Kwok-shan, former member of the Liberal Party, independent Sai Kung District Councillor who aimed to provide a choice between pro-democracy and pro-Beijing camp, submitted her nomination form on 7 January 2016.
Wong Sing-chi, former member of the Democratic Party, announced his candidacy for the newly formed centrist party, Third Side, aiming to offer an alternative to the now-polarised pan-democratic and pro-Beijing camps. He submitted his nomination form on 11 January 2016.
Lau Chi-shing, a nonpartisan candidate submitted his nomination form on 13 January 2016.
Edward Leung Tin-kei, a member of localist Hong Kong Indigenous, submitted his nomination form on 15 January 2016. He was supported by the localist groups such as Youngspiration and Civic Passion, as well as figures like legislator Wong Yuk-man and scholar Chin Wan.
Albert Leung Sze-ho, an independent candidate submitted his nomination form on 16 January 2016, vowed to modify the rules of procedure in order to block pan-democrats' filibustering.

## Mong Kok civil unrest

Edward Leung Tin-kei was involved in the Mong Kok civil unrest broke out on 8 January in which the Hong Kong Indigenous called for actions online to defend the unlicensed street hawkers from being cracked down by Food and Environmental Hygiene Department inspectors and escalated into violent clashes between the police and the protesters. The group also announced that it would “exercise” Leung's “power” as an election candidate to hold an election march in the Mong Kok night market. Leung was later arrested at the scene and was subsequently released on bail. Other candidates disagreed with the violent acts while Wong Sing-chi of the Third Side asked for an explanation from the Indigenous.
Political scientist Ivan Choy Chi-keung believed that the unrest would attract conservative voters come out to vote for the pro-Beijing candidate Holden Chow Ho-ding of the Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong and further consolidate the radical localist base of Leung, which would place the pan-democracy Civic Party's Alvin Yeung Ngok-kiu at a disadvantage.

## Electoral forums

A live broadcast electoral forum conducted in English was held during the broadcasting time of Backchat on RTHK Radio 3 on 17 February. A pre-recorded electoral panel discussion conducted in English was held by The Pulse on RTHK was first broadcast on ATV World on 19 February.
Debates of the 2016 Legislative Council New Territories East by-election :
| No. | Date | Time | Broadcaster | Moderator(s) | Participants | Participants | Participants | Participants | Participants | Participants | Participants |
| P Participant. S Invitee. N Non-invitee. A Absent invitee. | P Participant. S Invitee. N Non-invitee. A Absent invitee. | P Participant. S Invitee. N Non-invitee. A Absent invitee. | P Participant. S Invitee. N Non-invitee. A Absent invitee. | P Participant. S Invitee. N Non-invitee. A Absent invitee. | Lau | Wong | Chow | A. Leung | Fong | E. Leung | Yeung |
| 1 | 17 February | 8:30 p.m. | RTHK | Hugh Chiverton Michael Chugani | A | A | P | A | P | P | P |
| 2 | 19 February | 7:30 p.m. | ATV | Steve Vines | A | A | P | P | P | P | P |

## Polling

| Date(s) conducted | Polling organisation/client | Sample size | Lau | Wong | Chow | A. Leung | Fong | E. Leung | Yeung | None of above/ Undecided | Lead |
| 28 Feb | New Territories East by-election Result | — | 0.5% | 4.0% | 34.8% | 0.4% | 7.7% | 15.4% | 37.2% | — | 2.4% |
| 22–23 Feb | HKU POP/D100 | 506 | 1% | 8% | 20% | 1% | 11% | 12% | 24% | 23% | 4% |
| 11–20 Feb | HKRA | 1,071 | 3% | 11% | 20% | 1% | 5% | 10% | 22% | 28% | 2% |
| 17–18 Feb | HKU POP/HK01 | 130 | 6% | 4% | 14% | 4% | 8% | 9% | 15% | 40% | 1% |

## Result

New Territories East by-election 2016 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Civic | Alvin Yeung Ngok-kiu | 160,880 | 37.19 |
| | DAB | Holden Chow Ho-ding | 150,329 | 34.75 |
| | Indigenous | Edward Leung Tin-kei | 66,524 | 15.38 |
| | Independent | Christine Fong Kwok-shan | 33,424 | 7.73 |
| | Third Side | Wong Sing-chi | 17,295 | 4.00 |
| | Nonpartisan | Lau Chi-shing | 2,271 | 0.52 |
| | Independent | Albert Leung Sze-ho | 1,858 | 0.43 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 10,551 | 2.44 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 432,581 | 100.00 |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 1,639 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 434,220 | 46.18 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 940,340 | |
| | Civic gain from Nonpartisan | Civic gain from Nonpartisan | Swing | |
Popular vote
Yeung
37.19%
Chow
34.75%
E. Leung
15.38%
Fong
7.73%
Wong
4.00%
Lau
0.52%
A. Leung
0.43% :