OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1890 in film

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]]
The following is an overview of the events of 1890 in film, including a list of films released and notable births and deaths.

## Events

* The first moving pictures were developed on celluloid film by William Friese Greene, a British inventor, in Hyde Park, London in 1889. The process was patented in 1890.
* William K. L. Dickson completes his work for Thomas Edison on the Kinetograph cylinder either in this year or 1889. Monkeyshines No. 1 becomes the first film shot on the system.

## Films

* London's Trafalgar Square, directed by William Carr Croft and Wordsworth Donisthorpe.
* Monkeyshines, No. 1 – contradictory sources indicate this was shot either in June 1889 or November 1890, Monkeyshines, No. 2 and Monkeyshines, No. 3, directed by William K. L. Dickson.
* Mosquinha, directed by Étienne-Jules Marey.
* Traffic in King's Road, Chelsea, directed by William Friese-Greene.

## Births

| Month | Date | Name | Country | Profession | Died |
| January | 10 | Pina Menichelli | Italy | Actress | 1984 |
| January | 30 | Bruno Kastner | Germany | Actor | 1932 |
| February | 17 | Sol Lesser | US | Producer | 1980 |
| February | 18 | Edward Arnold | US | Actor | 1956 |
| February | 18 | Adolphe Menjou | US | Actor | 1963 |
| February | 24 | Marjorie Main | US | Actress | 1975 |
| March | 3 | Edmund Lowe | US | Actor | 1971 |
| March | 17 | Ted Adams | US | Actor | 1973 |
| March | 20 | Fania Marinoff | US | Actress | 1971 |
| April | 26 | Edgar Kennedy | US | Actor | 1948 |
| May | 7 | George Archainbaud | France | Director | 1959 |
| May | 23 | Herbert Marshall | UK | Actor | 1966 |
| June | 1 | Frank Morgan | US | Actor | 1949 |
| June | 10 | William A. Seiter | US | Director | 1964 |
| June | 14 | May Allison | US | Actress | 1989 |
| June | 16 | Stan Laurel | UK | Actor | 1965 |
| June | 18 | Gideon Wahlberg | Sweden | Actor, screenwriter, director | 1948 |
| June | 25 | Charlotte Greenwood | US | Actress, dancer | 1977 |
| August | 2 | Marin Sais | US | Actress | 1971 |
| August | 22 | Cecil Kellaway | South Africa | Actor | 1973 |
| August | 27 | Man Ray | US | Photographer, Director | 1976 |
| September | 4 | Gunnar Sommerfeldt | Denmark | Actor, director | 1947 |
| September | 4 | Naima Wifstrand | Sweden | Singer, Actress, Composer, Director | 1968 |
| October | 1 | Alice Joyce | US | Actress | 1955 |
| October | 1 | Stanley Holloway | UK | Actor | 1982 |
| October | 2 | Groucho Marx | US | Comedian, Actor | 1977 |
| October | 3 | Henry Hull | US | Actor | 1977 |
| October | 6 | Jack Rockwell | US | Actor | 1947 |
| November | 20 | Robert Armstrong | US | Actor | 1973 |

## Deaths

* c. 16 September – Louis Le Prince, French film pioneer, director of Roundhay Garden Scene (born 1842)
# Mäntsälä railway station

Mäntsälä railway station (Finnish: Mäntsälän rautatieasema, Swedish: Mäntsälä järnvägsstation) is located in the town of Mäntsälä, Finland, approximately 60 kilometres (40 mi) from Helsinki Central railway station.
The station was opened on 3 September 2006 as part of the new Kerava-Lahti railway line, and is served by the Z-trains which run on this route.

## Services

* Z commuter trains (Helsinki – Pasila – Tikkurila – Kerava – Haarajoki – Mäntsälä – Henna – Lahti)
** Additional stops following Lahti during rush hours and late at night: Villähde – Nastola – Uusikylä – Kausala – Koria – Kouvola

## Departure tracks

There are four tracks at Mäntsälä railway station, of which two (1, 4) have platforms for passenger trains. Tracks 2–3 are used by long-distance trains that skip the station.
* Track 1 is used by Z trains to Helsinki.
* Track 4 is used by Z trains to Lahti.
# 39th Guards Airborne Corps

The 39th Guards Airborne Corps was a Red Army airborne corps. First formed in August 1944, it was converted to infantry in January 1945 and fought during World War II in the Vienna Offensive and the Prague Offensive. Postwar, it was converted back into an airborne unit and served in Ukraine before its disbandment in 1955.

## History

The 39th Airborne Corps was formed on 9 August 1944 under the command of Mikhail Tikhonov in Kalinin City. It was converted to infantry on 5 January 1945 and became part of the 9th Guards Army. The corps fought in the Vienna Offensive, where it participated in the capture of Vienna. For his leadership, Tikhonov was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union. The corps was also given the honorary title "Vienna".
In July 1945, the corps was transferred to Bila Tserkva. On 10 June 1946, it became airborne again. Its headquarters moved to Kryvyi Rih on 11 May 1947. The 31st Guards Airborne Division was activated on 1 October 1948 from the 356th Guards Airborne Regiment to form a third division in the corps. The corps was disbanded on 12 January 1955.

## Commanders

The corps was commanding by the following officers.
* Lieutenant general Mikhail Tikhonov (9 August 1944-June 1946)
* Lieutenant general Alexander Kazankin (June 1946-October 1947)
* Lieutenant general Ivan Bezugly (3 February 1948 – 7 February 1950)
* Major general Nikolay Tavartkiladze (7 February 1950 – 27 January 1951)
* Lieutenant general Vasily Shatilov (27 January 1951 – 12 January 1955)

## Composition

The corps was composed of the following units in January 1945.
* 100th Guards Rifle Division
* 107th Guards Rifle Division
* 114th Guards Rifle Division, Borovukha, Vitebsk Oblast - to 8th Guards Airborne Corps October 1948
The corps was composed of the following units in 1947.
* 100th Guards Airborne Division
* 107th Guards Airborne Division
# Yamauchi Kazutoyo

Yamauchi Kazutoyo (山内 一豊, やまうち かつとよ), also pronounced Yamanouchi (1545/1546? – November 1, 1605), was a retainer of Oda Nobunaga and later Toyotomi Hideyoshi. His father Yamauchi Moritoyo was a descendant of Fujiwara no Hidesato, a senior retainer of the Iwakura Oda clan (opposed to Oda Nobunaga) and lord of Kuroda castle in Owari Province at the end of the Sengoku period of Japan. He was famous as the husband of Yamauchi Chiyo.

## Military life

When he was still a 400-Koku lord, many great people as children were entrusted to him, such as Kuroda Nagamasa when he was hostage of Oda Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hidetsugu were taught by him.
He participated at Battle of Anegawa 1570 in the Oda's side. After the Siege of Odawara (1590) and the rise to power of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, Tokugawa Ieyasu was forced to trade his domains in the Tōkai region for the Kantō region instead. Kazutoyo was relinquished Kakegawa Castle from Hideyoshi.
In 1600, Kazutoyo fought at the Battle of Sekigahara on Tokugawa Ieyasu's side. After battle, Kazutoyo built Kōchi Castle in what was then the province of Tosa. Kazutoyo held the title of Tosa no kami. His life spanned the closing years of the Sengoku period, the Azuchi–Momoyama period, and the beginning of the Edo period.
Just four years after he became Lord of Tosa, Kazutoyo died without issue aged around 60, and was succeeded as Lord of Tosa by his nephew Tadayoshi.

## Family

* Father: Yamauchi Moritoyo (1510-1559)
* Mother: Hoshuin (d.1586)
Kazutoyo's success was mainly thanks to his shrewd and loyal wife Yamauchi Chiyo, who secured his promotion by spending all her money on a magnificent thoroughbred horse for him to impress his superiors. When they were separated during the war, Chiyo also risked her life to provide her husband with secret information. Kazutoyo's daughter, Yonehime, was killed during the 1586 Tenshō earthquake.
* Wife: Endo Chiyo (1557-1617) later Genshoin, daughter of Endo Morikazu, lord of Gujo-Hachiman castle
* Daughter: Yonehime (1580-1586)
* Adopted:
** Shonan Shoka (1586-1637)
** Yamauchi Tadayoshi (1592-1665)

## In drama

The 45th NHK Taiga drama (2006) is a dramatization of the life of Kazutoyo, with his wife Chiyo as the central character. Kōmyō ga Tsuji stars Nakama Yukie as Chiyo. Takaya Kamikawa plays Kazutoyo. The story tells how Yamauchi Chiyo, as a wise and beautiful wife, helped her husband Yamauchi Kazutoyo up from an ordinary samurai to the governor of an entire province, Tosa. The story is by Shiba Ryōtarō.
# SDC Open

The SDC Open is a professional golf tournament held at Zebula Golf Estate & Spa, near Bela-Bela in Limpopo, South Africa. It is played on the Sunshine Tour and Challenge Tour as a co-sanctioned event.

## History

The inaugural tournament in 2022 was won by Clément Sordet of France who birdied the first extra hole to defeat home player Ruan Conradie in a playoff.
In 2023, South African J. J. Senekal shot an opening round 62 to win his maiden Challenge Tour title in wire-to-wire style.
In 2024, it served as the opening tournament on the Challenge Tour season, and marked the first of a four-tournament South African swing.

## Winners

| Year | Tours | Winner | Score | To par | Margin of victory | Runner(s)-up |
| 2025 | AFR, CHA | Daniel van Tonder | 272 | −16 | Playoff | Altin van der Merwe |
| 2024 | AFR, CHA | Rhys Enoch | 264 | −24 | 2 strokes | Deon Germishuys Martin Rohwer |
| 2023 | AFR, CHA | J. J. Senekal | 263 | −25 | 4 strokes | Casey Jarvis |
| 2022 | AFR, CHA | Clément Sordet | 267 | −21 | Playoff | Ruan Conradie |
# Rosa Marchitelli

Rosa Marchitelli is a Canadian journalist from Calgary who is primarily known for her work at CBC. She graduated from the University of Calgary with a B.A. in English and from Ryerson University in Toronto with a B.A.A. in Journalism. She started out working in Calgary and then became the Vancouver CBC News Anchor as well as reporter and producer. She is currently the co-host of CBC News' investigative segment Go Public and is also featured as a national correspondent.
Marchitelli has been recognized for excellence in journalism with a National RTDNA Dave Rogers Award for her short feature: Failure to Protect. She is also the recipient of a coveted Gabriel Award and a Jack Webster Awards finalist for Best News Reporting of the Year.
She is the wife of CBC journalist Rob Brown who she met while working in an Edmonton newsroom early in her career. She and her husband were said to be the only husband and wife co-anchors in Canadian media when they both began co-anchoring CBC Calgary in September 2013.
# Şehr-i Hüzün

Şehr-i Hüzün (English: City of Sorrows) is the second album by Turkish rock band Manga. It was released by Sony BMG in April 2009.
The second video clip of the album was for the track "Leave Me With Me" on 27 July 2009 and the third video clip was for "Cevapsız Sorular" on 16 November 2009. The documentary, which tells the story of the band from its foundation to "Şehr-i Hüzün", was included as the second disc in the first pressing of the album. The documentary is 150 minutes long and was directed and produced by Ferman Akgül. There is another edition of the album that does not include the documentary DVD and consists only of the CD.
The album was released in CD and LP (vinyl) format. Haluk Kuruosman was the music producer of the album.

## Album information

The album initially placed at No. 36 in the Turkish Charts, even though it was released just two days ahead of 2010. As of March 2010 Şehr-i Hüzün made it in to the Top 10 in MTV Turkey and has enjoyed rising success in MTV European Charts. Allmusic rated in 3,5 stars out of 5, saying that "this take on two pretty stale genres [nu metal and folk] is surprisingly fresh, if kitschy in its bombastic sensibility".
# Chris Phelan

Chris Phelan (born 12 December 1955) is an Irish-born Australian former rugby league footballer who played in the 1980s. He was a state representative versatile forward for Queensland and a two-time New South Wales Rugby League premiership-winner with the Parramatta Eels.
Phelan was born in Ireland. Immensely strong for his size, the Townsville forward was playing for Brisbane's Southern Suburbs club when he was first selected for Queensland at lock in all three games of the 1981 interstate series. Phelan was the Brisbane Rugby League premierships Rothmans Medal winner that year and also won the Grand Final with Souths.
Phelan signed to Sydney's defending premiers Parramatta in 1982. He had to sit out the start of the 1982 while Parramatta waged a battle with the Queensland Rugby League over his transfer fee.
He played at prop in the Eels' two Grand Final wins over Manly in 1982 and 1983 but moved to the second-row for the 6–4 loss in the 1984 decider against Canterbury. In 1984 he was recalled to the Queensland side for game III of the State of Origin series where he appeared at second-row.
After a season with Oldham in England, Phelan returned to his home state in 1985 and continued playing with Souths, helping them to victory in the 1985 Brisbane Rugby League grand final.
In 2008 he was named in the Souths Magpies team of the century.
# Nixon Kiprotich

Nixon Kiprotich (born December 4, 1962, in Baringo) is a former Kenyan 800 metres runner, who won the silver medal at the 1992 Olympic Games. Previously, Kiprotich had come eighth in the 1988 Olympic final.
He finished 3rd at the 1989 IAAF World Cup 800 metres race. In 1989 he had won the African Championships and in 1990 he came second in the Commonwealth Games. During the summer of 1992 Kiprotich won several Grand Prix meetings where he defeated William Tanui to whom he lost in the Olympic final. Kiprotich was ranked No.1 in the world over 800m in 1993.
# Bartonjo Rotich

Bartonjo Rotich (25 May 1938 – 7 October 2019) was a runner from Kenya who specialised in 400 metres and 400 metres hurdles.
He went to Alliance High School. Rotich competed at the 1956 Summer Olympics, but failed to advance past 400 metres heats and 4x400 metres relay heats.
At the 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games, he finished third in the 440 yards hurdles race. By this result he became the first Kenyan athlete to win a medal at any intercontinental championships alongside Arere Anentia, who won bronze medal over 6 miles race. He competed at the 1960 Summer Olympics and he reached 400 metres hurdles semifinals and 400 metres quarterfinals.
He was the chairman of Athletics Kenya from 1968 to 1972.
# Minnesota North College – Mesabi Range Virginia

Minnesota North College – Mesabi Range Virginia, most recently known as Mesabi Range College (MRC) Virginia campus, which was formerly known as Mesabi Range Community and Technical College) is a public community college campus located in Virginia, Minnesota. In 2022, the board of trustees of the Minnesota State Colleges and Universities merged the college with several others into a single institution called Minnesota North College.

## History

The college traced its roots to 1923 when Virginia Junior College came into existence. When the new campus was built across from the lake on the corner of W. Chestnut and N 9th, in the current location, the name was changed to Mesabi State Junior College then to Mesabi Range Community and Technical College. Its name changed again, in January 2014, to Mesabi Range College. It is named for the Mesabi Range, an iron-ore deposit in Minnesota's Iron Range where the campus and Minnesota North College – Mesabi Range Eveleth are located.
In 2022, the Board of Trustees of the Minnesota State Colleges and Universities merged Hibbing Community College with Itasca Community College, Mesabi Range College, Rainy River Community College, and Vermilion Community College into a single institution called Minnesota North College.

## Athletics

As part of Minnesota North College, a member of the Minnesota College Athletic Conference (MCAC) within the National Junior College Athletic Association (NJCAA), Norse athletics include baseball, softball, football, men's basketball, women's basketball, and volleyball.

## Notable alumni

* Myron Bright, United States federal appellate judge (A.A., 1939)
* Douglas Johnson, Minnesota state legislator and educator
* Stan Mikawos, a Canadian football player
* Khiry Robinson, an American football player
# The Black Stream

The Black Stream (also known as Stream in a Ravine) is an oil-on-canvas landscape painted in 1865 by the French artist Gustave Courbet. It held at the Musée d'Orsay in Paris.

## History

This picture was included in the Exposition Universelle of 1867, and was bought from the artist in the same year by the Comte de Nieuwerkerque, Director of Museums, for Napoleon III, at the price of 2000 French francs. It was part of the Emperor's personal property, and was allotted to the Louvre by the Tribunal de la Seine, along with other paintings, on 12 February 1879. In 1881, it was exhibited in the Luxembourg, with the title Le puits noir (The Black Ravine), which is really the name of another work painted in 1869.
The landscape is currently housed and exhibited at the Musée d'Orsay in Paris, and represents a gorge, a ravine through which runs a winding stream, its bed littered with rocks, between steep walls covered with wild vegetation. The stream depicted is the Loue, a capricious creek flowing through the village of Ornans, where Courbet was born. The artist seems to have returned to this spot several times: it can be recognised in a number of his paintings
Of this landscape, Courbet wrote:
   It is perhaps the best I have ever painted; it shows the Loue walled up between vast boulders of mossy rock, with thick sunlit foliage in the background.
Courbet loved to seek out some unspoilt corner in these lonely gorges, where the damp atmosphere conveys the impression of a strange world from which the primordial waters have only just receded. In this work, in which one senses the enthusiasm of the artist, Courbet's technique is at its peak of perfection. He has only used the brush in the background shadows; elsewhere the painting has been done with the palette knife. Courbet crushes his pigments and spreads them diagonally with his knife, thus letting underlying wads of paint show through: this creates the effect of transparency and depth as rich as those obtained by means of glazes in the work of earlier artists. His splendid greens evoke the luxuriance of a semi-aquatic world where vegetation runs riot.
# Canterbury Earthquake Commemoration Day Act 2011

The Canterbury Earthquake Commemoration Day Act 2011 is an Act of Parliament passed into law in New Zealand in 2011. It created a one-off public holiday in parts of Canterbury to commemorate the effects of the Canterbury earthquakes, starting with the first shock on 4 September 2010, but in particular the aftershock on 22 February 2011 that killed 185 people.

## Bill history

The bill was introduced by Hon Kate Wilkinson as Minister of Labour on behalf of the government, and it had all three readings on 10 March 2011; just over two weeks since the earthquake that caused the government to draft the bill. Members who gave speeches in the first reading were Kate Wilkinson (National), Annette King (Labour), Judith Collins (National), Trevor Mallard (Labour), Keith Locke (Greens), Te Ururoa Flavell (Māori), Jo Goodhew (National), Darien Fenton (Labour), Tau Henare (National), Charles Chauvel (Labour), and David Bennett (National). Members who gave speeches in the second reading were Wilkinson, Mallard, Allan Peachey (National), Maryan Street (Labour), Locke, Michael Woodhouse (National), Fenton, Nikki Kaye (National), Chauvel, and Colin King (National). Members who gave speeches in the third reading were Wilkinson, Mallard, Hekia Parata (National), Locke, and Flavell. Parliament passed the bill unanimously.

## Impact

The public holiday, set for 18 March 2011, was "to be observed in those parts of Canterbury that observe Christchurch Show Day as Canterbury Anniversary Day for the purposes of the Holidays Act 2003". The rationale for such a complicated definition is that South Canterbury observes its provincial holiday on a different day (Dominion Day) and as it was not significantly affected by the earthquake, the public holiday was not to apply there. There was discussion whether Kaikōura should join in with the celebrations or not. The town had originally belonged to Marlborough Province and for this historic reason, it observes the Marlborough Anniversary Day. Following boundary adjustments in 1992, Kaikōura is located within the area covered by the Canterbury Regional Council, and many residents feel a stronger connection to Christchurch than to Blenheim, the main city in Marlborough. The Kaikōura District Council discussed the situation and confirmed that, in accordance with the legislation, the public holiday would not apply in their town.

## Commemoration day

18 March 2011, a Friday, was set for the commemoration. Schools and offices were closed, and the formal event was held in North Hagley Park. Overseas dignitaries at the event included Prince William (who represented the Queen), Julia Gillard (Prime Minister of Australia), Tony Abbott (Leader of the Opposition in Australia), and Quentin Bryce (Governor-General of Australia).

## Expiry

The act expired at the end of 18 March 2011, the date of the commemoration.
# Bulletin of the World Health Organization

The Bulletin of the World Health Organization is a monthly public health journal published by the World Health Organization that was established in 1948. Articles are published in English and abstracts are available in Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2022 impact factor of 11.1, ranking it 12th out of 207 journals in the category "Public, Environmental & Occupational Health".
It is open access journal and uses the Creative Commons 3.0 IGO license (specifically CC BY 3.0 IGO).

## History

The first issue of the Bulletin of the World Health Organization was published in 1948 under the initiative of the Interim Commission, and has been published monthly ever since.

## Abstracting and indexing

The Bulletin is abstracted and indexed in Abstracts on Hygiene, Biological Abstracts, Current Contents, Excerpta Medica, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, Index Medicus/MEDLINE/PubMed, Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews, Pollution Abstracts, Science Citation Index, and Tropical Diseases Bulletin.