OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Realization (linguistics)

In linguistics, realization is the process by which some kind of surface representation is derived from its underlying representation; that is, the way in which some abstract object of linguistic analysis comes to be produced in actual language. Phonemes are often said to be realized by speech sounds. The different sounds that can realize a particular phoneme are called its allophones.
Realization is also a subtask of natural language generation, which involves creating an actual text in a human language (English, French, etc.) from a syntactic representation. There are a number of software packages available for realization, most of which have been developed by academic research groups in NLG. The remainder of this article concerns realization of this kind.

## Example

For example, the following Java code causes the simplenlg system to print out the text The women do not smoke.:
In this example, the computer program has specified the linguistic constituents of the sentence (verb, subject), and also linguistic features (plural subject, negated), and from this information the realiser has constructed the actual sentence.

## Processing

Realisation involves three kinds of processing:
Syntactic realisation: Using grammatical knowledge to choose inflections, add function words and also to decide the order of components. For example, in English the subject usually precedes the verb, and the negated form of smoke is do not smoke.
Morphological realisation: Computing inflected forms, for example the plural form of woman is women (not womans).
Orthographic realisation: Dealing with casing, punctuation, and formatting. For example, capitalising The because it is the first word of the sentence.
The above examples are very basic, most realisers are capable of considerably more complex processing.

## Systems

A number of realisers have been developed over the past 20 years. These systems differ in terms of complexity and sophistication of their processing, robustness in dealing with unusual cases, and whether they are accessed programmatically via an API or whether they take a textual representation of a syntactic structure as their input.
There are also major differences in pragmatic factors such as documentation, support, licensing terms, speed and memory usage, etc.
It is not possible to describe all realisers here, but a few of the emerging areas are:
* Simplenlg : a document realizing engine with an api which intended to be simple to learn and use, focused on limiting scope to only finding the surface area of a document.
* KPML : this is the oldest realiser, which has been under development under different guises since the 1980s. It comes with grammars for ten different languages.
* FUF/SURGE : a realiser which was widely used in the 1990s, and is still used in some projects today
* OpenCCG : an open-source realiser which has a number of nice features, such as the ability to use statistical language models to make realisation decisions.
# List of executive orders in the presidency of Donald Trump

The following articles cover the executive orders signed by Donald Trump as 45th & 47th president of the United States:
* List of executive orders in the first presidency of Donald Trump
* List of executive orders in the second presidency of Donald Trump
# Francis Walter (cross-country skier)

Francis Walter (28 May 1909 – November 2002) was a British cross-country skier. He competed in the men's 18 kilometre event at the 1936 Winter Olympics.
# Tom Geismar

Thomas H. Geismar (born July 15, 1931) is an American graphic designer.

## Biography

Thomas H. Geismar was born on July 15, 1931, in Glen Ridge, New Jersey.
Geismar studied concurrently at the Rhode Island School of Design and Brown University. He received a master's degree in graphic design from Yale University, School of Art and Architecture. After school, he joined the army for two years.
Geismar met Ivan Chermayeff at Yale and in 1957, they founded the firm Brownjohn, Chermayeff & Geismar (now Chermayeff & Geismar & Haviv) along with Robert Brownjohn. Geismar has designed more than a hundred corporate identity programs and established abstract corporate symbols. The unifying element in his work is the repetition of symbols which gives new life to the form. In 1960, he proposed a radical mark for Chase Manhattan Bank which was the repetition of four shapes around a square to form an octagon. It was met with resistance but stood out from competition, leading other corporations to create abstracted corporate logos.
His designs for Xerox, Chase Manhattan Bank, Best Products, Gemini Consulting, PBS, Univision, Rockefeller Center and, most notably, Mobil (1964) have received worldwide acclaim. Geismar has also had major responsibility for many of the firm's exhibition designs and world's fair pavilions. His projects include such major tourist attractions as the Ellis Island Immigration Museum, the Statue of Liberty Museum, the Truman Presidential Library, and the redesigned Star-Spangled Banner exhibition at the Smithsonian National Museum of American History. He has received major awards in the field, including one of the first Presidential Design Awards for helping to establish a national system of standardized transportation symbols.
Geismar was awarded the AIGA medal in 1979. In 1998, he was inducted into the Art Directors Club Hall of Fame. In 2014, he was awarded the National Design Award for Lifetime Achievement along with Chermayeff and the School of Visual Arts’ 26th Masters Series Award recipient.

## Books

* Chermayeff, Ivan and Tom Geismar. (2006) Watching Words Move. New York: Chronicle Books ISBN 978-0-8118-5214-2
* Chermayeff, Ivan, Tom Geismar, and Steff Geissbuhler. (2003) designing: New York: Graphis ISBN 978-1-932026-14-6
* Chermayeff & Geismar Inc. (2000) TM: Trademarks Designed by Chermayeff & Geismar. New York: Princeton Architectural Press ISBN 978-1-56898-256-4
* Geismar, Thomas H., Harvey Kahn, Ralph Sessions, Dave Hoffman (photographer). (1998) Spiritually Moving: A Collection of American Folk Art Sculpture. New York: Harry Abrams ISBN 978-0-8109-6365-8
# Alexandra Aristoteli

Alexandra Aristoteli (born 24 May 1997) is an Australian group rhythmic gymnast who represented Australia at the 2020 Summer Olympics.

## Career

Aristoteli began ballet when she was four years old because her mother, Maria Aristoteli, is the director of Queensland Dance and Performing Arts. She began training full-time in ballet when she was fifteen years old and spent months training in the United States at the Houston Ballet Academy and the Miami City Ballet School.
Aristoteli began competing with Australia's senior rhythmic gymnastics group in 2018. At the 2018 World Championships, the group finished twenty-ninth in the all-around.
Aristoteli won a gold medal at the 2021 Oceanic Championships with the Australian senior group and qualified a quota for the 2020 Olympic Games. She was selected to represent Australia at the 2020 Summer Olympics alongside Emily Abbot, Alannah Mathews, Himeka Onoda, and Felicity White. They were the first rhythmic gymnastics group to represent Australia at the Olympics. They finished fourteenth in the qualification round for the group all-around.
# Kopparvallen

58°11′40.5″N 15°59′45″E﻿ / ﻿58.194583°N 15.99583°E﻿ / 58.194583; 15.99583 Kopparvallen is a multi-use stadium in Åtvidaberg, Sweden. It is used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of Åtvidabergs FF. The stadium holds 8,100 people and was built in 1907. Famous football players who have played in the arena is Ralf Edström, Roland Sandberg, Conny Torstensson, Ilie Balaci, Zlatan Ibrahimović and Pelé.
# 1st Kentucky Infantry Regiment (Confederate)

The 1st Regiment Kentucky Volunteers, CSA was an infantry regiment that served in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. It was the only Kentucky regiment in the Confederate service to serve in the Army of Northern Virginia.

## Service

The 1st Regiment Kentucky Volunteers, CSA was organized in August 1861, by consolidation of three battalions of Kentucky infantry, two stationed at Harper's Ferry, Virginia (now in West Virginia). One battalion, the 1st Kentucky Battalion (Duncan's) was under the command of Major Henry Blanton Duncan (b. 1827) and the 2nd Battalion of Kentucky Sharpshooters was under the command of Major John D. Pope. The 3rd Kentucky Battalion commanded by Major Benjamin M. Anderson had been stationed at Richmond, Virginia. All three battalions were consolidated into the 1st Regiment Kentucky Volunteers at Manassas Junction, Virginia. Majors Pope and Anderson were returned to their companies as captains. Duncan had resigned at Winchester in June 1861. Col. Thomas Claiborne, of Tennessee, had assumed command of the 1st battalion until the formation of the regiment.
The regiment had ten companies. The two battalions arrived in Virginia at Harper's Ferry, later moving to Winchester. The two battalions moved with Joe Johnston's Army of the Shenandoah to join Beauregard's Army of the Potomac at Manassas Junction, but arrived the day following the First Battle of Bull Run under the command of Major Thomas Claiborne. With Duncan, who submitted his resignation on August 13, gone, the two battalions merged. In August a third battalion of three companies, then around Newport News, Virginia, and augmented by a company of Kentuckians from the 1st Louisiana, were ordered by Richmond to join with the six companies then at Manassas Junction. Lt. Col. Thomas Hart Taylor was assigned command of the regiment on August 7, 1861. Taylor was later promoted to full colonel and remained in command until the unit was mustered out.
The regiment was assigned to a brigade under the command of J.E.B. Stuart and participated in the Battle of Dranesville at Dranesville, Virginia. In mid-1862, the regiment was ordered to Richmond and later participated in the Battle of Yorktown at Yorktown, Virginia. Following the battle, the 1st Kentucky Infantry was ordered back to Richmond where it remained until its twelve-month enlistment expired. The men were mustered out of service on May 13 and 14, 1862.

## Commanders

* Colonel Thomas H. Taylor
# Dan Smith (footballer, born 1999)

Daniel Lewis Smith (born 5 September 1999) is an English footballer who plays for Isthmian League Premier Division club Folkestone Invicta.
Smith primarily plays as a centre-forward but has also featured as a central midfielder and as a right-back.

## Club career
### Portsmouth

He made his Portsmouth first-team debut on 8 January 2019 starting in a 2–0 win against Southend United in the EFL Trophy. Smith spent the first half of the 2018–19 season on loan at Bognor Regis Town and scored 14 goals in 21 matches in all competitions.

#### Cork City (loan)

On 21 February 2019, Smith joined League of Ireland club Cork City F.C. on loan for the remainder of the EFL season. On 22 March 2019, he won his first senior honour as Cork defeated Midleton F.C. 3–1 to win the Munster Senior Cup.

### Eastleigh

On 10 July 2020, Smith joined National League side Eastleigh following a prolific season with Bognor Regis Town. On 29 August 2021, he joined Hereford on loan. Following his loan spell at Hereford, he played a few games at Eastleigh before being sent on another loan spell to National League rivals Weymouth in February 2022, who were struggling in the relegation zone.

### Dulwich Hamlet

On 8 July 2022, Smith joined National League South side Dulwich Hamlet., where he had a string of injuries and an operation over the course of the season.

### Bognor Regis Town

In June 2023, Smith re-joined Bognor Regis.

### Folkestone Invicta

On 5 June 2024, Smith joined Isthmian Premier Division side Folkestone Invicta and enamoured himself to the Invicta faithful by scoring twice in a 3-2 away victory over bitter rivals, Dover Athletic.

## Career statistics

    As of match played 25 January 2025
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National Cup | National Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Portsmouth | 2018–19 | League One | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Bognor Regis Town (loan) | 2018–19 | Isthmian Premier Division | 19 | 12 | 1 | 1 | — | — | 1 | 1 | 21 | 14 |
| Cork City (loan) | 2019 | League Of Ireland | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 10 | 1 |
| Bognor Regis Town | 2019–20 | Isthmian Premier Division | 19 | 16 | 2 | 0 | — | — | 4 | 2 | 25 | 18 |
| Folkestone Invicta | 2024–25 | Isthmian Premier Division | 26 | 13 | 1 | 1 | — | — | 3 | 3 | 30 | 17 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 72 | 41 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 11 | 7 | 88 | 50 |
* ↑ Appearance(s) in the EFL Trophy
* ↑ Appearance(s) in the Sussex Senior Cup
* ↑ Appearance(s) in the Munster Senior Cup

## Honours

Cork City
* Munster Senior Cup: 2018–19
# Beate Schrott

Beate Schrott (born 15 April 1988, in St. Pölten) is an Austrian athlete who specialises in the 100 metres hurdles. She finished eighth in the 100 m hurdles at the 2012 Summer Olympics. In April 2019, Schrott became engaged to American triple jumper Christian Taylor. In November 2019 she completed a doctoral degree at the Medical University of Vienna, in autumn 2021 she married Taylor.

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Austria ||||||
| 2006 | World Junior Championships | Beijing, China | 23rd (q) | Long jump | 5.74 m (-0.8 m/s) |
| 2007 | European Junior Championships | Hengelo, Netherlands | 16th (h) | 100 m hurdles | 14.16 |
| 2009 | European U23 Championships | Kaunas, Lithuania | 11th (sf) | 100 m hurdles | 13.48 (+0.3 m/s) |
| 2010 | European Championships | Barcelona, Spain | — | 100 m hurdles | DSQ |
| 2011 | European Indoor Championships | Paris, France | 18th (h) | 60 m hurdles | 8.25 |
| 2011 | World Championships | Daegu, South Korea | 18th (sf) | 100 m hurdles | 13.02 |
| 2011 | Universiade | Shenzhen, China | 7th | 100 m hurdles | 13.34 |
| 2012 | World Indoor Championships | Istanbul, Turkey | 7th | 60 m hurdles | 8.12 |
| 2012 | European Championships | Helsinki, Finland | 3rd | 100 m hurdles | 12.98 |
| 2012 | Olympic Games | London, United Kingdom | 8th | 100 m hurdles | 13.07 |
| 2014 | World Indoor Championships | Sopot, Poland | 26th (h) | 60 m hurdles | 8.24 |
| 2014 | European Championships | Zürich, Switzerland | 27th (h) | 100 m hurdles | 13.31 |
| 2015 | World Championships | Beijing, China | 19th (h) | 100 m hurdles | 13.04$^1$ |
| 2016 | Olympic Games | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | 45th (h) | 100 m hurdles | 13.47 |
| 2018 | World Indoor Championships | Birmingham, United Kingdom | 27th (h) | 60 m hurdles | 8.27 |
| 2018 | European Championships | Berlin, Germany | 21st (sf) | 100 m hurdles | 13.23 |
| 2019 | World Championships | Doha, Qatar | 22nd (sf) | 100 m hurdles | 13.25 |
| 2021 | European Indoor Championships | Toruń, Poland | 20th (sf) | 60 m hurdles | 8.17 |
$^1$Did not finish in the semifinals
# Silvanigrella

Silvanigrella is a genus of the phylum Bdellovibrionota. The genus currently contains two described species: Silvanigrella aquatica and Silvanigrella paludirubra.

## Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)
| 16S rRNA based LTP_10_2024 | 120 marker proteins based GTDB 09-RS220 |
| Fluviispira F. multicolorata F. sanaruensis Silvanigrella S. aquatica S. paludirubra "Pigmentibacter ruber" | Silvanigrella Fluviispira multicolorata Pitt et al 2020 Fluviispira sanaruensis Maejima et al. 2021 "Pigmentibacter ruber" Peng et al. 2021 "Ca. Spirobacillus cienkowskii" Metchnikoff 1889 ex Bresciani et al. 2018 S. aquatica Hahn et al. 2017 S. paludirubra Pitt et al. 2020 |
# Pérrine Moncrieff

Pérrine Moncrieff CBE (née Millais; 8 February 1893 – 16 December 1979) was a New Zealand writer, conservationist and amateur ornithologist.

## Biography

She was born in London, England in 1893 as Pérrine Millais. She was the granddaughter of the painter Sir John Millais, one of the founders of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood. She spent her early life living in London, Brussels and in Perthshire in Scotland. She married Captain Malcolm Moncrieff, a veteran of the Boer War, in 1914. They moved from Britain to New Zealand after the end of the First World War where they settled at Nelson, having originally planned to move to Canada. She was the first female President of the Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union (RAOU), 1932–1933. She first joined the organisation in 1923 and two years later published New Zealand birds and how to identify them. The book was a success, with six editions published from 1925 through to 1961.
She is credited with being almost single-handedly responsible for setting aside land that would eventually be the Abel Tasman National Park. Moncrieff was awarded the Loder Cup in 1953. In the 1975 Queen's Birthday Honours, she was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire, for services to conservation as a naturalist and to the Abel Tasman National Park. The government of the Netherlands awarded her the Order of Orange-Nassau in 1974, in recognition of her efforts to protect Abel Tasman National Park, an area of significant importance in the history of Dutch exploration.
In 2017, Moncrieff was selected as one of the Royal Society Te Apārangi's "150 women in 150 words", celebrating the contributions of women to knowledge in New Zealand.

## How did she create a national park during the World War II?

Firstly, according to Philip Simpson in Down the Bay, she knew how to express her opinions without reservation. She learned from her aristocratic aunts how to gather leading members of society around her and communicate the idea to the media. Her widespread appreciation of nature and the scientific basis to her observations that birds and nature are important to human survival, resonated with New Zealand and Māori attitudes.
After a fire at Torrent Bay, she lobbied hard. When it was argued that the war effort took priority and a park would "take" agricultural land, she countered that the park would create a haven for war-warried return soldiers who could act as rangers. She also pointed out that the park would commemorate both the Nelson and Tasman centennial celebrations. Her masterstroke was naming it after Dutch explorer Abel Tasman and asking the New Zealand government to request the Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands become its patron.

## Publications

Books she authored include:
* Moncrieff, P. (1925). New Zealand Birds and How to Identify Them. Whitcombe & Tombs: Auckland. (Field-guide. 5 editions published to 1961) Colour plates by Lily A. Daff.
* Moncrieff, P. (1965). People Came Later. Author: Nelson.
* Moncrieff, P. (1976). The Rise and Fall of David Riccio. Ambassador: Wellington.
# 1st Louisiana Regular Battery

Louisiana Artillery Units (Confederate) :
| Previous | Next |
| Washington Artillery | 1st Field Battery |
The 1st Louisiana Regular Battery was an artillery unit recruited from volunteers in Louisiana that fought in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. The battery was accepted into Confederate service in October 1861. The battery fought at Baton Rouge in August 1862, then it transferred to the west bank of the Mississippi River and fought at Georgia Landing in October. In 1863, it fought at Fort Bisland and Vermilion Bayou. The battery was attached to Tom Green's Texas cavalry brigade for the remainder of the year and fought at Second Donaldsonville. In 1864, the battery did not come into action at Mansfield and Pleasant Hill, but it fought at Mansura and Yellow Bayou. The battery was at Tyler, Texas, at the end of the conflict.
# Conspiracy 58

Conspiracy 58 (Swedish: Konspiration 58 or KSP58) is a Swedish mockumentary from 2002, produced by Sveriges Television, the Swedish public broadcaster. The film examines the fictional KSP58 movement, that claims that the 1958 FIFA World Cup in Sweden did not really take place, but was faked and exists only as forged television and radio coverage in a conspiracy between American and Swedish television, the CIA and FIFA as part of the Cold War. In the film, it is said that Sweden did not have the economic or technical resources to actually host such a large event. In the plot, the American motive for doing this was to test the effectiveness of televised propaganda. When the film originally aired, the audience was not told in advance that it was a mockumentary, giving the impression that Conspiracy 58 was a regular documentary film.

## Plot

A large amount of "evidence" is presented. For example, there is analysis of television recordings of the matches, where houses can be seen in the background that never actually stood there. The film also analyzes how the shadows of the players in the field were falling, and were angled in a way that is not possible in Sweden given the position of the sun at the time. The Chairman of KSP58, Bror Jacques de Wærn, who was employed by the Swedish National Agency for more than twenty years, states that he has looked for evidence that the tournament really took place, but didn't find anything. At the end of the film, it is revealed to be a mockumentary from the credits, which state "dokumentär fiktion" (which means "Fiction Documentary").
The aim of the film, according to the director Johan Löfstedt, was to illustrate how historical revisionism (in particular Holocaust denial) works and to highlight the importance of source criticism when getting information from, for example, the media.
The majority of the characters in the film are real celebrities who were playing themselves.

## Cast

| Name | Cast |
| Bror Jacques de Wærn | Author, historian, professor, Chairman of KSP58 |
| Olof Arnell | Director of KSP58 |
| Ingrid Lorentzen | Treasurer of the KSP58 Foundation |
| Thomas Böhm | Psychologist |
| Caj Ernelli | Bookseller |
| Bengt Grive | Sports-writer in the 1950s |
| Ulf Drakenberg | Sports-journalist in the 1950s |
| Bengt Ågren | Secretary of the FIFA Organization Committee 1958 |
| Per Carlsson | Chairman of the Vindicate the 1958 Movement |
| Lennart Johansson | UEFA president 1990–2007 |
| Agne Simonsson | Player in Sweden men's national football team 1958 |
| Kurt Hamrin | Player in Sweden men's national football team 1958 |
| Sigvard Parling | Player in Sweden men's national football team 1958 |