OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jennifer Hochschild

Jennifer Lucy Hochschild (born September 17, 1950) is an American political scientist. She serves as the Henry LaBarre Jayne Professor of Government, Professor of African and African American Studies and Harvard College Professor at Harvard University. She is also a member of the faculty at Harvard's Graduate School of Education and John F. Kennedy School of Government.

## Education

Hochschild received her undergraduate degree from Oberlin College, and was inducted into Phi Beta Kappa.

## Career

Hochschild was the 2015–2016 President of the American Political Science Association.
In 2019, Hochschild was on the ad hoc committee involved in denying tenure to Lorgia García Peña, an Afro-Latina professor in the Department of Romance Languages and Literatures. According to a New Yorker article, Hochschild had characterized Peña's work as "not research, but activism."
In February 2022, Hochschild was one of 38 Harvard faculty to sign a letter to The Harvard Crimson defending professor John Comaroff after he was placed on unpaid leave for violating the university's sexual and professional conduct policies. After Harvard graduate students filed a lawsuit with detailed allegations of Comaroff's sexual harassment, Hochschild and other professors said they wished to retract their signatures.
In January 2024, Hochschild wrote on Twitter that students at Harvard Extension School were "great" but "not what we typically normally think of as Harvard graduate students." Hochschild, who taught courses at HES, suggested that HES graduate Christopher Rufo, a critic of former Harvard president Claudine Gay, had misrepresented his Harvard credentials by not mentioning his HES affiliation. The Harvard Extension Student Association said that it was "deeply concerned and disappointed" by Hochschild's remarks. Hochschild apologized for her comments, clarifying that "students should proudly state their HES degree".

## Works

* What’s Fair: American Beliefs and Distributive Justice (Harvard University Press, 1981)
* The New American Dilemma: Liberal Democracy and School Desegregation (Yale University Press, 1984)
* Facing Up to the American Dream: Race, Class and the Soul of the Nation (Princeton University Press, 1995)
* ed. Social Policies for Children with Sara McLanahan and Irwin Garfinkel (Brookings Institution, 1996)
* The American Dream and the Public Schools with Nathan Scovronick (Oxford University Press, 2003)
* Creating a New Racial Order: How Immigration, Multiracialism, Genomics, and the Young Can Remake Race in America with Vesla Weaver and Traci Burch (Princeton University Press, 2012)
* ed. Outsiders No More? Models of Immigrant Political Incorporation with Jacqueline Chattopadhyay, Claudine Gay, and Michael Jones-Correa (Oxford University Press, 2013)
# Saul Baizerman

Saul J. Baizerman (1889–1957) was a Russian-born American sculptor. He was married to the Abstract Impressionist Eugenie Baizerman. His work is included in the collections of the Smithsonian American Art Museum, the Addison Gallery of American Art, the Getty Museum, the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, the San Diego Museum of Art, and the Walker Art Center.
Baizerman was born on December, 25, 1889. Baizerman studied at the Imperial Art School in the Russian Empire before moving to the United States at the age of 20. From 1920 until his death, he lived and worked in a studio on Sixth Avenue (near 3rd Street) in Greenwich Village, New York City. He was noted for making massive sculptures in hammered copper. During his lifetime, his work was exhibited in one-man shows abroad and at home, and in group shows at The Museum of Modern Art and The Whitney Museum of American Art.
Baizerman died at the age of 67 of cancer on August 30, 1957, at Saint Vincent's Catholic Medical Center (then known as St. Vincent's Hospital) in Manhattan.
# Gongzhufu station

Gongzhufu Station (Chinese: 公主府站) is a station on Line 2 of the Hohhot Metro. It opened on 1 October 2020.
# Sonia Moore

Sofia Ezarovna Shatsova Helfand (née Russian: Софья Евзаровна Шацова; December 9, 1902 – May 19, 1995), known as Sonia Moore, was a Russian-born American actress, writer and acting teacher. She is known for simplifying Stanislavski's system of acting devised by Konstantin Stanislavski. Moore was a student of Yevgeny Vakhtangov, and later became an acting teacher.

## Early life

Moore was born in Gomel, Russian Empire (now Belarus) in 1902, into a Jewish family. She went to the Moscow Art Theatre's Third Studio to study acting under Russian theatre practitioner Yevgeny Vakhtangov in 1920. She married Soviet diplomat Lev Borisovich Helfand in Paris in 1926. They had a daughter, Irene, born in Paris in 1928. In 1940, she and her husband defected from his posting in Italy to the United States, fearing Stalin's purges if he were to return to Moscow. They adopted the surname Moore. After her husband's death in 1957, Sonia decided to open a school of acting to bring the up-dated and revised teachings of Stanislavski in America.
in 1961, she founded the Sonia Moore Studio of the Theatre in New York City.

## Contribution to Stanislavsky acting system

In 1960 her book The Stanislavski Method got published to clarifying the many misunderstandings and distortions surrounding on Stanislavski's theories, which occurred during the development of "Method Acting", which later revised under the title The Stanislavski System. she also simplified the method of simple physical action.

## Works

* The Stanislavski System: The Professional Training of an Actor; Second Revised Edition in 1984.
* Stanislavski Revealed: The Actor's Complete Guide to Spontaneity on Stage republished in 2000.
* Training an Actor: The Stanislavski System in Class published in 1997.
* The Stanislavski System: The Professional Training of an Actor by Sonia Moore published in 1965.
# Jiangjunyashu station

Jiangjunyashu Station (Chinese: 将军衙署站) is a station on Line 1 of the Hohhot Metro. It opened on 29 December 2019.
# Lambda g conjecture

In algebraic geometry, the $\lambda _{g}$-conjecture gives a particularly simple formula for certain integrals on the Deligne–Mumford compactification ${\overline {\mathcal {M}}}_{g,n}$ of the moduli space of curves with marked points. It was first found as a consequence of the Virasoro conjecture by E. Getzler and R. Pandharipande (1998). Later, it was proven by C. Faber and R. Pandharipande (2003) using virtual localization in Gromov–Witten theory. It is named after the factor of $\lambda _{g}$, the gth Chern class of the Hodge bundle, appearing in its integrand. The other factor is a monomial in the $\psi _{i}$, the first Chern classes of the n cotangent line bundles, as in Witten's conjecture.
Let $a_{1},\ldots ,a_{n}$ be positive integers such that:
    $a_{1}+\cdots +a_{n}=2g-3+n.$
Then the $\lambda _{g}$-formula can be stated as follows:
    $\int _{{\overline {\mathcal {M}}}_{g,n}}\psi _{1}^{a_{1}}\cdots \psi _{n}^{a_{n}}\lambda _{g}={\binom {2g+n-3}{a_{1},\ldots ,a_{n}}}\int _{{\overline {\mathcal {M}}}_{g,1}}\psi _{1}^{2g-2}\lambda _{g}.$
The $\lambda _{g}$-formula in combination withge
    $\int _{{\overline {\mathcal {M}}}_{g,1}}\psi _{1}^{2g-2}\lambda _{g}={\frac {2^{2g-1}-1}{2^{2g-1}}}{\frac {|B_{2g}|}{(2g)!}},$
where the B$_{2g}$ are Bernoulli numbers, gives a way to calculate all integrals on ${\overline {\mathcal {M}}}_{g,n}$ involving products in $\psi$-classes and a factor of $\lambda _{g}$.
# 23rd Maine Infantry Regiment

Maine U.S. Volunteer Infantry Regiments 1861-1865 :
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The 23rd Maine Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.

## Service

The 23rd Maine Infantry was organized in Portland, Maine and mustered on September 29, 1862, for nine months' service.
The regiment left Maine for Washington, D.C., October 18. Attached to Grover's Brigade, Defenses of Washington, to February 1863. Jewett's Brigade, XXII Corps, to June 1863. Slough's Brigade, Defenses of Alexandria, XXII Corps, to July 1863. Camp at East Capitol Hill until October 25, 1862. Moved to Seneca, Maryland, October 25, and performed guard duty along the Potomac River until April 19, 1863. Stationed at Edwards Ferry December 1862 to April 1863. Moved to Poolesville April 19, then to Washington May 5, and to Alexandria May 24. Moved to Poolesville, Maryland, June 17, then to Harpers Ferry, West Virginia.
The 23rd Maine Infantry mustered out of service July 15, 1863.

## Casualties

The regiment lost a total of 56 enlisted men during service, all due to disease.
# A. J. S. Lakshmi Shree

A. J. S. Lakshmi Shree is a Bangalore-based Indian visual artist. A child prodigy, Lakshmi started painting at the age of two. At age five, approximately 100 of her paintings were displayed at 2001 Bangalore Festival of Art. Lakshmi was congratulated by then Prime Minister of India Dr Manmohan Singh in 2007.

## Early life

Lakshmi, born to Mr Jayaprakash A.G.K and Mrs A. Suma Prakash, received early recognition. With support from her parents, she exhibited her work at the Kannada Bhavan, the Venkatappa Art Gallery, Ravindra Kalakshetra and the Gandhi Bhavan at a very early age. She has received over 340 medals, trophies and citations at local, regional, national and international level.

## Awards and recognition

* National level “ Balashree" award by National Bal bhavan Delhi 2012, Vigyan Bhavan, New Delhi. 29 January 2015. Given by HRD Minister Smt.Smriti Zubin Irani
* Winner for Paint For the Planet Competition at age of 12. Her painting was exhibited at an exhibition at UN Headquarters
* ART Center for Children and young people, HYVINKAA, FINLAND – selected for international art exhibition, Diploma award – 2014
* Third prize in an international children's painting competition supported by the UNEP at age of 8
* Regional Winner at Be The Inspiration Painting Contest
* Young Achievers Award by Infosys in Arts
* Third prize at DH PV Painting Contest
* FAI Switzerland young artist winner in 2005
* Winner at Dino Art Contest by Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History
* First Runner up at Westminster's International Design Challenge 2015–2016 for 'A collective challenge to transform 100 public spaces'
* Director of Goleniow Culture House prize at international painting competition organised by UNESCO and Goleniowski Dom Kultury, Poland
# Aryan Circle

The Aryan Circle is a white supremacist, Neo-Nazi prison gang spread throughout many U.S. correctional facilities.
The Aryan Circle was founded by Mark "Cowboy" Gaspard in 1985 in the Texas Department of Corrections as a splinter group of the Aryan Brotherhood of Texas (ABT). During the 1980s the ABT had shifted focus away from overt crime towards religion. The Aryan Circle split from the Aryan Brotherhood to maintain criminal gang status and white supremacist beliefs, and to oppose African American and Hispanic prison gangs.
The gang began growing during the 1990s, becoming the second-largest prison gang in Texas by 2008, with 730 confirmed members in state prisons. The gang also had an operational presence in neighboring states and isolated members throughout the country. The Anti-Defamation League estimated their 2009 nationwide membership to be approximately 1,400, including 150 confirmed members in federal prisons.

## Membership and identifiers

Membership in the group usually requires an assault on an enemy of the organization. The Aryan Circle touts four tenets: brotherhood, solidarity, loyalty, and dedication; these beliefs are represented on each side of a diamond patch.
Aryan Circle members sport common white supremacist/separatist tattoos such as swastikas, SS lightning bolts, and Celtic or Germanic symbols. The main patch of the Aryan Circle is a diamond with wood in grade under the heart with a swastika and the letters "AC" in the center of a circle. However, due to the group being classified as a Security Threat Group, many of its members no longer have the patch tattooed. Older members will have a small circle just below their left pectoral. They also acknowledge each other with patch numbers.

## Criminal activities

Aryan Circle members have been convicted of conspiracy to manufacture and distribute large amounts of methamphetamine.
On August 10, 2007, Aryan Circle member Dennis Leighton Clem killed two police officers at a Budget Inn Motel in Bastrop, Louisiana in a shootout, in which he was also killed. Clem and his girlfriend were on the run after Clem shot at an SUV with black teenagers who had opened fire on an acquaintance, wounding him seriously, in front of his house in Houston on July 14. Two of the assaulting teenagers were killed, one was wounded.

## Rivals

Although the Aryan Circle was created by white supremacists, in the mid-1990s it was caught up in a bloody war with another white supremacist prison gang called the White Knights that cost the life of one White Knights member.
# Polini

Polini S.p.A. is an Italian manufacturer of tuning parts for motorcycles, mopeds, and scooters founded in 1945. Among other products, they produce cylinders and variators for both racing and road use. They also produce pocket bikes with 50cc up to 15 hp.
The company was founded when the Italian soldier Battista Polini returned from his service in World War II and started making bicycles, which sold very well. The first logo of the company was a ram, which was the coat of arms of Battista's battalion. When the first Vespa and Lambretta scooters emerged in the 1940s, manufacture of parts for these was started.
Today, Polini is owned by Battista Polini's three sons Carlo, Franco, and Piero. Tuning parts are manufactured for all major brands of scooters and motorcycles. Polini also produces a line of miniature folding scooters called SkAtE.
The company has also produced very small engines—notably the Polini Thor 250 / 250-DS water-cooled, two-stroke engine—for use in paramotors for powered parachutes, and in ultralight aircraft. Though that line is apparently discontinued, the engines remain listed, on the menu of its website, as "Out of Stock Models," and remain available, used, and in wide use on active aircraft.
Polini's main competitor is Malossi, which is also based in Italy.
# United States Hang Gliding and Paragliding Association

The United States Hang Gliding and Paragliding Association (USHPA) is a non-profit organization supporting foot-launched soaring flight in the United States. It began in 1971 as the Southern California Hang Gliding Association and became national in scope by the mid-1970s. When paragliding became popular in the U.S., the American Paragliding Association was formed. That eventually merged into the USHPA (then called the U.S. Hang Gliding Association). In 2006, paragliding was added to the organization name to reflect its growing contingent of paraglider pilot members.
USHPA is the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale–recognized body representing motorless hang gliding and paragliding competitions and records in the United States.
The organization provides a pilot proficiency program for foot-launched soaring pilots and instructors. It is available at the organization's website.
# Sinbulsan

Sinbulsan is a mountain in South Korea. It extends over the cities of Ulsan and Yangsan in South Gyeongsang Province. Sinbulsan has an elevation of 1,209 m (3,967 ft). It is part of the Yeongnam Alps mountain range.
# Historical document

Historical documents are original documents that contain important historical information about a person, place, or event and can thus serve as primary sources as important ingredients of the historical methodology.
Significant historical documents can be deeds, laws, accounts of battles (often given by the victors or persons sharing their viewpoint), or the exploits of the powerful. Though these documents are of historical interest, they do not detail the daily lives of ordinary people, or the way society functioned. Anthropologists, historians and archeologists generally are more interested in documents that describe the day-to-day lives of ordinary people, indicating what they ate, their interaction with other members of their households and social groups, and their states of mind. It is this information that allows them to try to understand and describe the way society was functioning at any particular time in history. Greek ostraka provide good examples of historical documents from "among the common people".
Many documents that are produced today, such as personal letters, pictures, contracts, newspapers, and medical records, would be considered valuable historical documents in the future. However most of these will be lost in the future since they are either printed on ordinary paper which has a limited lifespan, or even stored in digital formats, then lost track over time.
Some companies and government entities are attempting to increase the number of documents that will survive the passage of time, by taking into account the preservation issues, and either printing documents in a manner that would increase the likelihood of them surviving indefinitely, or placing selected documents in time capsules or other special storage environments.
# South Xixi Wetland station

South Xixi Wetland (Chinese: 西溪湿地南) is a metro station of Line 3 of Hangzhou Metro in China, which opened on 10 June 2022. It is located in Xihu District of Hangzhou, adjacent to the Xixi National Wetland Park. Here Line 3 splits into two directions. The mainline heading toward Hangzhou West railway station in Yuhang District while the branch stretches into Xiaoheshan Higher Education Park in Xihu District.
# Sașa Pană

Sașa Pană (Romanian pronunciation:; pen name of Alexandru Binder; 8 August 1902—22 August 1981) was a Romanian avant-garde poet, novelist, and short story writer.

## Biography

Born to a Jewish family in Bucharest, he trained as a physician in Iași and Bucharest, becoming a qualified combat medic in 1927. He was more interested in a literary career, which he had begun in 1925, after publishing several Symbolism-inspired poems under the title Răbojul unui muritor ("A Mortal's Tally"). He was to be more attracted to Dada themes, moving on to Surrealism soon after. Pană financed and edited the 1928 avant-garde magazine named unu (lower case was used on purpose). The magazine was the basis for a publishing house of the same name, which Pană used for printing works by the likes of Urmuz, Tristan Tzara, Stephan Roll, Ilarie Voronca, as well as his own. His prose took the form of very short pieces that merged the short story form with poem, reportage, and manifesto.
Between 1928 and 1933, unu published 50 issues, plus a special "conjugal edition" for the occasion of Moldov's wedding.
He adapted André Breton's pure psychic automatism technique to his own creations - Diagrame ("Diagrams"; 1930), Echinox orbitor ("Blinding Equinox"; 1931), Viața romanțată a lui Dumnezeu ("The Romanticized Life of God"; 1932). In later volumes such as Cuvântul talisman ("The Word-Amulet"; 1933), Călătorie cu funicularul ("Journey on the Funicular"; 1934), Sașa Pană expanded on the style, doubling automatism with apparent elegies of a more traditional format.
Many of Pană's writings were combined with drawings by notable artists such as M. H. Maxy, Man Ray, Victor Brauner, Pablo Picasso, and Marcel Janco.
He also authored the 1973 autobiography Născut în '02. Memorii, file de jurnal ("Born in 02. Memoirs and diary pages").
Pană died in Bucharest.
# Cooley-Whitney House

The Cooley-Whitney House (also known as the Whitney House) is a historic house located on Grove Street in Decorah, Iowa, United States.

## Description and history

The significance of this house is its architectural combination of the Italianate and Neoclassical styles, and its association with two prominent Decorah bankers. It was designed by local architect H. O. Ball, and built in 1867 by Wilson, Robertson & Company, a local contractor. The two-story, brick house features bracketed eaves, a wooden cornice, and a wrap-around bracketed porch. It was built for E. E. Cooley, an attorney who helped establish the First National Bank of Decorah. He was also involved with local politics. After his death in 1895, the house became the home of Lewis B. Whitney. He was the former Winneshiek County Treasurer who was one of the organizers of the National Bank of Decorah.
The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 25, 1980. It has been converted into a bed and breakfast.
# Helena Luke

Helena Luke (1958 – 3 November 2024) was an Indian actress who worked predominantly in Hindi cinema.

## Career

She became famous for playing the role of Lady Helena in Amitabh Bachchan's film Mard (1985) directed by Manmohan Desai. She was briefly married to Mithun Chakraborty. Her father was Turkish, and her mother was an Anglo-Indian Christian.
Helena lived in the United States for many years, where she worked for Delta Airlines.
Luke died in the United States on 3 November 2024.

## Selected filmography

* Judaai (1980) as Madhavika
* Yeh Nazdeekiyan (1982) as Actress (uncredited)
* Saath Saath (1982)
* Bhai Aakhir Bhai Hota Hai (1982)
* Do Gulaab (1983)
* Aao Pyaar Karen (1983)
* Mere Saath Chal (1984) as Seema
* Mard (1985) as Lady Helena (uncredited)
* Ek Naya Rishta (1988) as Ruby
# Vincent McBrierty

Vincent Joseph McBrierty (born 1941) is an Irish academic, author, educator, physicist, and researcher.

## Career

An alumnus of St. Mary's Christian Brothers' Grammar School, Belfast, he attended Queen's University Belfast where he read Physics and graduated as a BSc (Hons). He then undertook postgraduate research at Middlesex Hospital Medical School, London, obtaining a PhD in 1965 on the subject of nitrogen oxides.
In 1967, McBrierty joined Trinity College Dublin where he remained throughout his academic career rising to the position of Professor of Physics in 1979. He received an Hon ScD from TCD in 1979 and was awarded the title of Fellow Emeritus on his retirement. McBrierty was the first Catholic on the academic staff in the Department of Physics at TCD, where he served as a Professor, Dean, and Bursar.

## Research

McBrierty’s research focused on the molecular dynamics of polymers and composites, utilising techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance and electron spin resonance to develop a deep understanding of polymer-based materials.

## Publications

* McBrierty, V.J., & O'Hanlon, G. The World in Crisis: the Response of the Church, The Furrow, Vol. 63, No. 9 (September 2012), pp. 391–400.
* Quinn, FX, Kampff, E, Smyth, G , Mcbrierty, VJ, Water in Hydrogels .1. A Study Of Water in Poly(N-Vinyl-2-Pyrrolidone Methyl-Methacrylate) Copolymer, Macromolecules, vol 21, no 11 (November 1988), pp 3191-3198.

## Honours and awards

* Knight of the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George
* Member, Royal Irish Academy (1983)
# Shachar Kariv

Shachar Kariv (Hebrew: שחר קריב) is an economist and the Benjamin N. Ward professor of economics and economics department chair at the University of California, Berkeley. He also teaches at the Norwegian School of Economics.
Kariv is an editor of the Review of Economics and Statistics.
Kariv was the chair of the economics department of the University of California, Berkeley from 2014 to 2017 and since 2021 has been chair once more.