OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Abu Amr Ishaq ibn Mirar ash-Shaybani

Abū ‘Amr Isḥaq ibn Mirār ash-Shaybānī (d. 206/821, or 210/825, or 213/828, or 216/831) was a famous lexicographer-encyclopedist and collector-transmitter of Arabic poetry of the Kufan School of philology. Abu Amr was born in Kufa in the first quarter of the second/eighth century. A native of Ramādat al-Kūfah, who lived in Baghdad, he was a mawla (client) under the protection of the Banū Shaybān, hence his nisba. Descended from an Iranian landowner (dihqān) on his paternal side, his mother was an Arab 'Nabataean' (an Aramaic-speaking, rural Iraqi), and he reportedly knew a little of the 'Nabataean' language (an unattested form of Aramaic). The biographers al-Nadīm and Ibn Khallikān quote a claim by Ibn al-Sikkit's that he lived to the age of one hundred and eighteen and wrote in his own hand up to his death, in 213/828. However this is disputed by a claim that he died in 206/821 aged one hundred and ten, and this latter is deemed credible.
Abū 'Amr's teachers were Rukayn b. Rabī' ash-Shāmī, a transmitter of ḥadīth and al-Mufaddal ad-Dabbi, who developed his love of poetry. His son ‘Amr relates that he collected and classed poems, diwans (collections), from the jahiliyya (pre-Islamic) period from more than eighty Arab tribes. He wrote more than eighty volumes in his own hand and deposited these in the mosque of Kūfah.
The eminent scholars Ibn Hanbal, al-Kasim ibn Sallām, and Ibn as-Sikkit, the author of the Islāh al-Mantik, learned from him.
Of his lexicographical works, often of a very specialized nature, only the Kitāb al-Jīm (Kitab al-Lughat or Kitab al-Huruf), survives.

## Works

* The Strange in the Ḥadīth
* On Dialects, or Rare forms Known by the Jīm (the J); Kitāb al-Jīm, or Kitāb al-Hurūf, or Kitab al-Lughat
* The Great Collection of Anecdotes, or Rare Forms, in three manuscript editions, large, small, and medium;
* Treatise on Bees
* The Palm
* Treatise on The Camel
* The Disposition of Man
* Letters
* Commentary on the book “Eloquent Style”
* Treatise on the Horse

## book

Al-Jim is one of the first and oldest dictionaries that has been praised continuously and is compiled based on the letters of the alphabet. It seems that Abu Amr's intention in writing this book was to compile unfamiliar and far-fetched words. Al-Jaim's book has explained and interpreted One of the features of this book is that many dialects of different Arab tribes are recorded in it. In addition, the author has given the names of the people from whom he took the materials of the book, the book of Al-Jeem, which is the only remaining work of Abu Amr, this book is in 3 volumes, Ebrahim Abiari (Vol. 1), Abdul Alim Tahawi (Vol. 2). and Abdul Karim Ezbawi (Vol. 3) has been published in Cairo.

## Poets edited by Abū ‘Amr ash-Shaybānī

* Al-Ḥuṭay’ah
* Labīd ibn Rabī’ah
* Tamīm ibn Ubayy ibn Muqbil
* Durayd ibn al-Ṣimmah
* ‘Amrj ibn Ma’dī Karib
* Al-A’shā al-Kabīr (Maymūn ibn Qays)
* Mutamminm ibn Nuwayrah
* Al-Zibraqān ibn Badr
* Ḥumayd ibn Thawr al-Rājiz
* Ḥumayd al-Arqaṭ
* Abū al-Aswad al-Du’alī
* Abū al-Najm al-‘Ijlī
* Al-‘Ajjāj al-Rājaz
# List of the highest major summits of Azerbaijan

Azerbaijan is nearly surrounded by mountains. The Greater Caucasus range lies to the northeast along the border with Russia and extends into northeastern Azerbaijan and runs southeast to the Absheron Peninsula. The Lesser Caucasus range lies to the west along the border with Armenia, and the Talysh Mountains lies to the south along the border with Iran. There are mineral springs and very active mud volcanoes in Kobustan Mountain, which is situated near Baku. The highest peaks in the Republic of Azerbaijan are situated in the Greater Caucasus, the Lesser Caucasus and Talysh mountain systems. The highest peak in the Republic of Azerbaijan is Bazarduzu (4,466 metres or 14,652 feet).

## Greater Caucasus

The Greater Caucasus mountain systems stretches for about 1,200 kilometers from west-northwest to east-southeast, between the Taman Peninsula of the Black Sea to the Absheron Peninsula of the Caspian Sea. Greater Caucasus ridge is not crossed by any river valleys. Therefore, it is also called Watershed ridge. Most of the ridge elevation is over, 3000m high:
| Height | Name | Ridge |
| 4466 | Bazarduzu | Major Caucasus |
| 4243 | Shahdagh | Lateral ridge |
| 4206 | Tufandagh | Major Caucasus |
| 4126 | Bazaryurd | Major Caucasus |
| 4116 | Yaridagh | Major Caucasus |
| 4079 | Charindagh | Major Caucasus |
| 4042 | Ilham | Lateral ridge |
| 4020 | Ragdan | Major Caucasus |

## Lesser Caucasus

The spurs of the Lesser Caucasus (also called Little Caucasus, Russian Maliy Kavkaz) in southwestern Azerbaijan includes Shahdagh, Murovdagh, Karabagh Upland, Mikhtoken, Eastern Goyche, Dereleyez and Zangezur ridges, most of the Karabakh volcanic plateau, Bashkend- Destefur saddle.
| Height | Name | Ridge |
| 3906 | Gapijig | Zangezur |
| 3865 | Alagoz | Zangezur |
| 3827 | Yaghlidere | Zangezur |
| 3814 | Gazangoldagh | Zangezur |
| 3754 | Saridere | Zangezur |
| 3724 | Gamishdag | Murovdagh |
| 3613 | Delidagh | Mikhtoken |
| 3560 | Deveboynu | Zangezur |
| 3549 | Goshabulag | Shahdagh |
| 3437 | Keti | Eastern Goyche |
| 3367 | Hinaldagh | Shahdagh |
| 3364 | Elinje | Zangezur |

## Talysh mountain systems

Talysh mountains (Azerbaijani: Talış dağları, Талыш дағлары, تالش داغلارى; Persian: کوههای تالش, Kuhhâye Tâleš) lies southeastward from the Lankaran Lowland in southeastern Azerbaijan to the lower part of the Sefid Rud in northwestern Iran. The Talysh mountains include Talysh, Peshteser and Burovar ridges. A few peaks rise above 3,000 m.
| Height | Name | Ridge |
| 2493 | Gomurgoy | Zengezur |
| 2433 | Gizyurdu | Zengezur |
# Kintampo waterfalls

Kintampo waterfalls is one of Ghana' highest waterfalls located in Bono East. It was formerly known as Sanders Falls during the colonial days. It is located on the Pumpum river, a tributary of the Black Volta, about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) north of the Kintampo municipality, on the Kumasi–Tamale road. It is just after the Falls Rest Stop when moving Northwards, on the right side of the road. This waterfall is hidden in the forest and formed by three main drops, with the longest measuring 25 metres (82 ft), followed by a number of steps and cascades, and the river, which falls about 70 metres (230 ft).

## History

The waterfall was designated in 1992 as a tourist site, after it was discovered in the 18th century.

## Incidents

On 20 March 2017, 18 people were killed and others injured after a large tree fell on them at the waterfall, following a storm. Reportedly, the police declared that 22 persons were rescued. After the incident, the Ghanaian Ministry of Tourism, Arts and Culture closed the falls, to undertake a security and safety assessment, as well as reconstruction. Before reopening to the public in 2019, a canopy walkway was constructed.

## Description

The water flows from the Pumpum River, a tributary of the Black Volta which takes its source from Pumpumatifi. The falls has three stages. The initial two stages can be reached easily because the way is levelled. The third stage has about 173 stairs down and about 151 stairs up. The water flows from a distance of about 25 metres.

### Facilities

The waterfalls currently has car park, stairs, receptive center and a canopy walkway.

## Gallery

* Main drop (front view)
* Main drop (lateral view)
* Staircase leading to the waterfall
* Top view of Kintampo waterfalls
* Canopy walkway
* Canopy walkway at Kintampo waterfalls
# 2019 Fairfield Challenger

The 2019 Fairfield Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the fifth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2019 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Fairfield, California, United States between October 7 and October 13, 2019.

## Singles main-draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| USA | Steve Johnson | 98 | 1 |
| USA | Denis Kudla | 106 | 2 |
| USA | Marcos Giron | 123 | 3 |
| JPN | Taro Daniel | 127 | 4 |
| SLO | Blaž Rola | 128 | 5 |
| AUS | James Duckworth | 149 | 6 |
| ECU | Emilio Gómez | 151 | 7 |
| CAN | Peter Polansky | 168 | 8 |
| BAR | Darian King | 169 | 9 |
| ESP | Nicola Kuhn | 178 | 10 |
| USA | Thai-Son Kwiatkowski | 188 | 11 |
| AUS | Christopher O'Connell | 193 | 12 |
| USA | Mitchell Krueger | 196 | 13 |
| USA | Jack Sock | 210 | 14 |
| USA | Ernesto Escobedo | 216 | 15 |
| USA | Maxime Cressy | 219 | 16 |
| USA | Donald Young | 238 | 17 |
* $^1$ Rankings are as of September 30, 2019.

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Brandon Holt
* Steve Johnson
* Brandon Nakashima
* Alex Rybakov
* Zachary Svajda
The following player received entry into the singles main draw as an alternate:
* Strong Kirchheimer
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Felix Corwin
* Sem Verbeek
The following player received entry as a lucky loser:
* Dennis Novikov

## Champions
### Singles

* Christopher O'Connell def. Steve Johnson 6–4, 6–4.

### Doubles

* Darian King / Peter Polansky def. André Göransson / Sem Verbeek 6–4, 3–6, [12–10].
# Crum Elbow Meeting House and Cemetery

Crum Elbow Meeting House and Cemetery is a historic Society of Friends meeting house and cemetery in East Park, Dutchess County, New York. It was built in 1797, with an addition built about 1810. It is a two-story, white painted frame building with weather board siding and a moderately pitched gable roof. The surrounding rural cemetery contains plain Quaker style markers dated from about 1797 to 1890.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.
# A. W. Duncan

Arthur William Duncan FCS (1856 – 23 July 1946) was an English-Australian analytical chemist and vegetarianism activist.

## Career

Duncan was born in Hull, Yorkshire. He became a vegetarian as a young man through reading the work of T. L. Nichols. He contacted R. Bailey Walker and joined the Vegetarian Society in 1877. He worked as an analytical chemist in Manchester and for James Woolley, Sons and Co., manufacture chemists. Duncan had studied with Carl Remigius Fresenius. He was also a Fellow of the Chemical Society.
In 1884, Duncan authored a pamphlet The Chemistry of Foods. It was republished as The Chemistry of Food and Nutrition by the Vegetarian Society in 1905. Charles W. Forward noted that Duncan had given "valuable aid to the Vegetarian Society in connection with the chemistry of food, and has contributed many useful essays and papers on the subject".
Duncan was on the executive committee of the Vegetarian Society in 1880 and later served as a vice-president. In 1899, Duncan commented that "a grain of wheat contains everything that is required for nutrition and these constituents are in the right proportion, so that were it necessary we could live on wheatmeal bread and water alone". He later moved to New South Wales, Australia but remained in contact with vegetarians in England and was an officer for the Vegetarian Society in 1935.

## Personal life and death

Duncan was a teetotaller. He married Annie Margaret Allison in 1890. They had two children: Frank and Phyllis. Duncan died in Punchbowl, New South Wales in 1946, aged 90. He was privately cremated at Rockwood crematorium. His wife died in 1947.

## Selected publications

* Foods and Their Comparative Values. Manchester: Vegetarian Society. 1889.
* The Chemistry of Food and Nutrition. Manchester: Vegetarian Society. 1905.
# Miguel Peña (runner)

Miguel Peña (born 12 March 1897, date of death unknown) was a Spanish athlete. He competed in the men's individual cross country event at the 1924 Summer Olympics.
# Peter Henriksen

Peter Henriksen (born 20 August 1972) is a former Danish team handball player (goalkeeper). He is European Champion by winning the 2008 European Men's Handball Championship with the Danish national handball team. He received a bronze medal at the 2007 World Men's Handball Championship.
Henriksen's last club was the Danish Handball League side FHK (Fredericia Håndbold Klub)
Henriksen started playing handball at the age of 8. He played for numerous clubs in Northern Sjælland before moving to German handball with VfL Gummersbach.
# Fatar

Fatar is an Italian supplier of keybeds for digital pianos, synthesizers and organs, based in Recanati, Italy.
The company was founded by Lino Ragni in 1956. It patented its own hammer-action prototype in 1989 and introduced the conductive-rubber contact in 1990. The company has since produced both its own "Studiologic" brand of MIDI controllers and other keyboard instruments, supplies keyboards for third-party manufacturers, and manufactures electronic sustain pedals.
In 2008, Fatar released the Numa keyboard controller, which was constructed entirely from acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and allowed the user to define their own velocity curves.
# Hey (Fais song)

"Hey" is a debut single by Dutch singer-songwriter Fais featuring Dutch DJ Afrojack.

## Music video

An accompanying music video for "Hey" was released on 26 February 2016 via Afrojack's channel, running for 4 minutes to 9 seconds. The video featured models Alexis Ren and Jay Alvarrez.

## Charts
### Weekly charts

| Chart (2016) | Peak position |
| Belgium (Ultratip Bubbling Under Flanders) | 4 |
| Belgium (Ultratip Bubbling Under Wallonia) | 26 |
| Netherlands (Dutch Top 40) | 2 |
| Netherlands (Single Top 100) | 7 |
| Norway (VG-lista) | 32 |
| Sweden (Sverigetopplistan) | 12 |
| US Hot Dance/Electronic Songs (Billboard) | 24 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (2016) | Position |
| Netherlands (Dutch Top 40) | 14 |
| Netherlands (Single Top 100) | 24 |
| Sweden (Sverigetopplistan) | 56 |
| US Hot Dance/Electronic Songs (Billboard) | 82 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Brazil (Pro-Música Brasil) | Gold | 30,000$^‡$ |
| Netherlands (NVPI) | 8× Platinum | 320,000$^‡$ |
| Sweden (GLF) | 3× Platinum | 120,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Naomi Castle

Naomi Sandra Castle OAM (born 29 May 1974) is an Australian former water polo player from the gold medal squad of the 2000 Summer Olympics. Castle was the captain of the Australian team at the 2004 Summer Olympics where they placed 4th.
In 2009, Castle was inducted into the Queensland Sport Hall of Fame. In 2014, she was inducted into the Water Polo Australia Hall of Fame.
Castle competed in the Gladiator Individual Sports Athletes Challenge in 1995.
# William H. Davies

William H. Davies QC Bill Davies, was a Justice of the Supreme Court of British Columbia (BCSC), Canada, from 1982 until his retirement in 1999. In 2007 he was appointed Commissioner of the Davies Commission Inquiry which investigated circumstances around the 1998 death by hypothermia of Frank Paul, a Mi'kmaq homeless man.

## Education

He graduating from University of British Columbia Law School in 1955.

## Career

He articled with Baker, Newby LLP, then known as Wilson & Hinds Law Office in Chilliwack, where he became a partner in 1956.
In 1978 Davies was appointed as a County Court of New Westminster in 1978, Bill started his new role as a judge.
Davies served as Justice on the Supreme Court of British Columbia from 1982 until his retirement in 1999.
He also served as Justice in the North West Territories.
He retired in 1999.

## Davies Commission Inquiry

Justice Davies was called out of retirement to chair the (2007 - 2009) Davies Commission Inquiry into the 1998 death by hypothermia of Frank Paul, a homeless Mi'kmaq man originally from Elsipogtog First Nation, /ɛlzɪˈbʊktʊk/ New Brunswick.$^{:ii}$ According to the report, Paul died of hypothermia in an alley in east side Vancouver where he had been released by Vancouver police. In his 446-page report, Justice Davies was "harshly critical" of the actions of Vancouver Police Department (VPD) in relation to Paul's death. In his May 2011 report, "Alone and Cold: Criminal Justice Branch Response", he questioned the decision "on the part of the crown prosecutors to not proceed with criminal charges against Sergeant Sanderson and Constable Instant in the death of Frank Paul." Davies "ruled that the B.C.'s Criminal Justice Branch needed an overhaul to its conflict-of-interest policies that were brought up during the inquiry" The Inquiry "resulted in the recommendation to establish the Independent Investigations Office which investigates officer-related incidents of death or serious harm in BC."
# M N Gowri

Gowri MN (born 30 August 1989) is an Indian sand artist from Mysore, Karnataka who has been working with sand for over seven years. She is the only female sand sculpture artist in India.

## Early life and background

Gowri has an MFA in sculpture from Karnataka State Open University. She has a diploma in machine tool technology, but discontinued engineering to pursue a career in sand sculpting.

## Career

Gowri created a sand museum using 115 truckloads of construction sand (river sand). About 150 sculptures have been created on 16 themes, including religion, astrology, and mythology, at the 13,500 sq ft museum.
# Crotalus campbelli

Crotalus campbelli is a species of venomous snake in the genus Crotalus found in Mexico.

## Etymology

The specific name, campbelli, honors herpetologist Jonathan A. Campbell for his extensive research on rattlesnakes and his support to herpetology students in Mexico.

## Description

Crotalus campbelli can be distinguished from other members of the C. triseriatus species group by the presence of intercanthals, an infrequently divided upper preocular, and a combination of other morphological characters. Males typically have 150–154 ventrals and 31–32 subcaudals, while females have 147–152 ventrals and 22–26 subcaudals. The species features a small rattle, a long tail, pale interspaces between dorsal and lateral blotches, heavy venter mottling, and a dark proximal rattle and underside of the tail.

## Geographical range

Crotalus campbelli is found in the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, locally known as the Sierra Nevada, in Mexico. It inhabits open rocky areas near montane forests at middle to high elevations, specifically in the states of Jalisco, Colima, and Nayarit.

## Ecology and behavior

This species likely feeds on small mammals and lizards. Due to its recent description in 2014, much of its unique ecology and biology remains to be studied.
# Juno Records

Juno Records is a UK-based online dance music retailer, selling vinyl records, CDs, music downloads and music accessories, founded by Richard Atherton and Sharon Boyd. The website was created in 1996 as an information-only site called The Dance Music Resource Pages, listing new dance music titles each day as they were released. In 1997 the site changed into an online store Juno Records, allowing users to buy the records and CDs listed.During the e-commerce boom of the late 1990s, the site differentiated itself from other dance music stores by maintaining a text-based presentation.
In December 2004, version 2 of Juno Records’ web site was launched, adding graphics, and more flexible navigation to the original site design.
In February 2006, Juno Records added MP3 and WAV downloads to its catalogue, and in July 2006 launched Juno Download as a standalone site. In the same year, the web site also won Best Entertainment site in the Website Of The Year awards. In September 2006, a Spanish-language version of the web site was added.
In 2007 a series of 10 releases were commissioned to mark Juno Records' 10th anniversary, each featuring a well-known dance track remixed by new producers, including remixes of Faze Action by Carl Craig and Cybotron’s "Clear" by Troy Pierce and Cobblestone Jazz.
In June 2007 Juno Records won DJ Magazine’s "Best Of British" award for Best British Record Store. In August 2007, a German version of Juno Records’ website was launched.

## Current sites

* Juno Records – the main international online shop for both physical and digital products, with language support in English, Spanish, German, Mandarin, and Japanese
* Juno Download – international online digital download shop
# Fredonia Cemetery

Fredonia Cemetery, also known as Holly Grove Cemetery and Stevens Creek Cemetery, is a cemetery in rural White County, Arkansas, northwest of Bald Knob on Fredonia Road. The oldest portion of the cemetery houses marked graves with the oldest dating to 1870, and is estimated to contain at least 300 unmarked graves. The cemetery houses many of the area's early settlers.
The historic portion of the cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.
# Friedensbrücke station

Friedensbrücke is a station on U4 of the Vienna U-Bahn. It is in the Alsergrund District. It opened in 1976.
# Maria Sterk

Maria Sterk (born 5 June 1979, in Hallum) is a Dutch marathon speed skater.
In 2005, she finished in third position of the Essent Cup and on 11 February of that year she announced to attack the women's world hour speed skating record, which was held by Lilian van Tol at that time. On 30 March 2005, she broke the world record in the Thialf stadium of Heerenveen and set the distance at 36.441,26 metres. Starting with laps of 37 seconds she took an advantage of a minute over the former record before skating laps of 40 seconds. In the end her average laptime was 39.5 seconds, which was enough to break the record. The record set by van Tol was 34.507,30 metres.
Sterk finished second in the 2006 Five Days of the Greenery. She was unable to win any of the races, but finished in second position in two races and gained enough points to claim the second place in the final rankings behind Daniëlle Bekkering, but in front of Elma de Vries. She also managed to claim one second and two third positions at the Essent Cup 2006–07, which is still running. She is currently found at the third spot behind Bekkering and de Vries.

## Records
### Personal records

Personal records :
| Women's speed skating |||||
| Event | Result | Date | Location | Notes |
| 500 m | 44:02 | 20 September 2010 | Thialf, Heerenveen | |
| 1000 m | 1:26.01 | 19 March 2007 | Thialf, Heerenveen | |
| 1500 m | 2:07.00 | 9 December 2011 | Thialf, Heerenveen | |
| 3000 m | 4:19.10 | 10 October 2011 | Thialf, Heerenveen | |
| 5000 m | 7:22.37 | 30 December 2009 | Thialf, Heerenveen | |
| 1 hour | 36,441.26 m | 29 March 2005 | Thialf, Heerenveen | World record (unofficial) until beaten by Carien Kleibeuker on 9 December 2015. |

### World records

World records :
| Women's speed skating |||||
| Event | Result | Date | Location | Notes |
| 1 hour | 36,441.26 m | 29 March 2005 | Thialf, Heerenveen | World record (unofficial) until beaten by Carien Kleibeuker on 9 December 2015. |
# Ohekatku

Ohekatku (German: Odenkat) is a village in Kehtna Parish, Rapla County in northern-central Estonia.
# Ornithuroscincus viridis

Ornithuroscincus viridis is a species of skink. It is endemic to the Owen Stanley Range in the Central Province, southeastern Papua New Guinea. Common name green smooth-eared skink has been coined for it.
The type series was collected from underneath logs at the edge of a partially swampy grassland, bordered by upper montane forest, at 2,052–2,076 m (6,732–6,811 ft) above sea level.
Adults measure 42–55 mm (1.7–2.2 in) in snout–vent length. They have short limbs.