OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Matsudaira Norinaga

Matsudaira Norinaga (松平 乗寿, February 26, 1600 – March 19, 1654) was a daimyō during early-Edo period Japan. He was the second head of the Ogyū-Matsudaira clan.

## Biography

Matsudaira Norinaga was the eldest son of Matsudaira Ienori, a Sengoku period samurai and daimyō of Iwamura Domain in Mino Province under the early Tokugawa shogunate. On the death of his father in 1614, he was confirmed as head of the Ogyū-Matsdaira clan and the same year accompanied the forces of Shōgun Tokugawa Hidetada at the Siege of Osaka. In 1634, he was transferred to Hamamatsu Domain in Tōtōmi Province with an increase in revenues from 20,000 to 36,000 koku.
In 1642, Matsudaira Norinaga was promoted to the post of Rōjū under Shōgun Tokugawa Iemitsu. From 1644, he was transferred to Tatebayashi Domain in Kōzuke Province with an increase in revenues to 60,000 koku, where he ruled to his death in 1654.
Matsudaira Norinaga was married to the daughter of Mizuno Tadayoshi, daimyō of Yoshida Domain in Mikawa Province.
# Aoyama Munetoshi

Aoyama Munetoshi (青山 宗俊, December 26, 1604 – March 26, 1679) was a daimyō during early-Edo period Japan. His courtesy title was Inaba-no-kami.

## Biography

Aoyama Munetoshi was the eldest son of Aoyama Tadatoshi, the daimyō of Iwatsuki Domain (Musashi Province) and later Ōtaki Domain (Kazusa Province). In 1623, his father fell out of favor with Shōgun Tokugawa Iemitsu, and was exiled to Kōza District in Sagami Province.
In 1634, Munetoshi received permission to return to Edo, and on December 1, 1638, was appointed to the minor post of Shoinbangashira, a hatamoto-level position with revenue of only 3000 koku. On May 23, 1644, he was promoted to Ōbangashira, and by January 19, 1648, received an additional 27,000 koku, which made him daimyō of the newly created Komoro Domain in Shinano Province.
On March 29, 1662, Munetoshi received the post of Osaka-jō dai (Castellan of Osaka). In order to take up his posting to Osaka, he surrendered Komoro Domain back to the shogunate, in exchange for 20,000 koku of additional territories scattered in Settsu, Kawachi and Izumi, Tōtōmi, Musashi and Sagami Provinces.
On December 26, 1669, Munetoshi received Lower 4th Court Rank. On August 18, 1678, he retired from his position of Osaka-jō dai and was assigned to Hamamatsu Domain in its place, which he ruled to his death on March 16, 1679. His grave is at the temple of Daitoku-ji in Kyoto.
# Ittigen bei Bern railway station

Ittigen bei Bern railway station (German: Bahnhof Ittigen bei Bern), also known as Ittigen railway station, is a railway station in the municipality of Ittigen, in the Swiss canton of Bern. It is an intermediate stop on the 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) gauge Worb Dorf–Worblaufen line [de] of Regionalverkehr Bern-Solothurn.

## Services

The following services stop at Ittigen bei Bern:
* Bern S-Bahn:
** S7: Service every fifteen minutes between Bern and Worb Dorf
** Rush-hour service between Bern and Bolligen.
# Nuaveh

Nuaveh (Persian: نواوه) is a village in, and the capital of, Melkari-ye Sharqi Rural District of Zab District, Mirabad County, West Azerbaijan province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 492 in 68 households, when it was in Melkari Rural District of Vazineh District in Sardasht County. The following census in 2011 counted 414 people in 87 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 299 people in 72 households.
In 2022, the district was separated from the county in the establishment of Mirabad County and renamed the Central District. The rural district was transferred to the new Zab District and renamed Melkari-ye Gharbi Rural District. Nuaveh was transferred to Melkari-ye Sharqi Rural District created in the district.
# Colombian Communist Party – Maoist

Colombian Communist Party – Maoist (Spanish: Partido Comunista de Colombia - Maoista) is a Colombian Marxist–Leninist–Maoist political party. It was founded by the Communist Organization of Colombia (Marxist–Leninist–Maoist) in July 2001.
The party is a member of the International Coordination of Revolutionary Parties and Organizations.
# Al-Rabi ibn Khuthaym

Al-Rabi ibn Khuthaym al-Thawri (d.ca 682) was a pupil of Abdullah ibn Masud and a famous tabi'i ascetic of Kufa. Constantly ill with a form of palsy, in later generations he became a symbol of endurance in the face of suffering. He emphasized the importance of silence, scrupulousness in religious observance, and the fear of Hell. Many traditions in the collection of Sahih Bukhari are given on his authority.
# International Association of Ultrarunners

The International Association of Ultrarunners (IAU) is the world governing body of ultra running, race events longer than the marathon distance of 42.2 km. It regulates and sanctions the World Championships for various ultramarathon distances, and tracks world records in ultra distance races approved by IAU. IAU operates under the patronage of the World Athletics and follows World Athletics rules.

## Events

IAU events include:
| Event | Frequency | First Year |
| World Events |||
| IAU 50 km World Championships | Annual | 2015 |
| IAU 100 km World Championships | Annual | 1987 |
| IAU 24 Hour World Championship | Annual | 2001 (and 1990) |
| IAU Trail World Championships | Annual | 2007 |
| Regional Events |||
| IAU 50 km European Championships | Annual | 2015 |
| IAU 100 km European Championships | Annual | 1992 |
| IAU 24 Hour European Championships | Annual | 1992 |
| IAU 100 km Asian Championships | Biennial | 2010 |
| IAU 100 km Americas Championships | Biennial | 2017 |
# A Dispute Between a Priest and a Knight

Disputatio inter clericum et militem (A Dispute Between a Priest and a Knight) is a dialogue, written in France between 1296 and 1303. Although anonymous, it could have been written by John of Paris, master of the University of Paris. The treatise examines the relationship between Church and King through a fictional dialogue between a Priest and a Knight.
It was written during the period of the acrimonious dispute between King Philip IV and Pope Boniface VIII, which culminated in the Papal bull Unam sanctam of 1302. It is essentially propaganda. The furious reaction of Philip and his ministry expressed in the Disputatio (written in simple language for a popular audience) can be understood within the context of a conflict between the increasing power of secular rulers in France and England, who were attempting to tax the clergy to support warfare. Boniface's stringent reaction was the fierce bull Clericis laicos of 1296, which set off the dispute. The dialogue can be fitted into the context of the debate over the extent of church powers that was raging in the time delimited by the two bulls.
However, the work remained unknown in its own time and was not published until 1378. A translation by John Trevisa (1342-1402) was popular in England because of its antipapalism, and it continued to be popular in the 16th century for similar reasons.
In the story the knight and priest exchange rapid fire and simple dialogue designed to reach a broad audience. The knight's intention is to prove that soft-living wealthy clerics, who have more money than needed, should hand the extra income over to secular leaders, whose job it is to deal in more earthly affairs. Specifically it is the job of secular leaders to protect the Church from outside threats, and the Church must pay the nobles for their own protection. Within the realm of the kingdom, kings have ultimate authority over all matters and the Church must obey the right of the king to tax the Church for the purpose of protection. If it refuses, the king may seize Church property.
Disputatio was a sharp criticism of the church and foreshadowed further 14th century arguments that pitted royalist national sovereignty against the principles of papal supremacy.
John of Paris also wrote a related work entitled "On Royal and Papal Power" about the autonomous nature of kingdoms, an early expression of the concept of sovereignty.
# The Big Shot (1937 film)

The Big Shot is a 1937 American comedy film directed by Edward Killy from a screenplay by Arthur T. Horman and Bert Granet, based on a story by Lawrence Pohle and Thomas Ahearn. The film stars Guy Kibbee, Cora Witherspoon, Dorothy Moore, and Russell Hicks. Produced and distributed by RKO Radio Pictures, the film premiered on July 23, 1937.

## Plot

Bertram Simms is a veterinarian in a small town, who is quite content with his place in life. When he inherits a large estate and fortune from an unknown relative, he wants to continue living in the small town. His wife, Elizabeth, has other plans, wanting to see their daughter, Peggy, enter into high society in the city where Bertram's relative (an uncle) used to live. Upon their arrival in the uncle's mansion things do not seem to add up properly.
Unbeknownst to the Simms, Bertram's uncle was the leader of a criminal gang. When Bertram is persuaded by Peggy's boyfriend, Chet, to purchase the newspaper that Chet works for which had been closed down by the gang, he restarts the paper's crusade to rid the city of its criminal element. When Elizabeth is conned into throwing a massive gala by the leader of the gang, Martin Blake, she believes the party will be the host to the crème de la crème of the city's society. During the party, Bertram is mistakenly identified as the leader of the city's criminal underworld. In spite of the misidentification, Bertram is cleared of any wrongdoing, and Blake and his men are apprehended by the police.

## Cast

* Guy Kibbee as Dr. Bertram Simms
* Cora Witherspoon as Elizabeth Simms
* Dorothy Moore as Peggy Simms
* Gordon Jones as Chester "Chet" Scott
* Russell Hicks as Martin Blake
* Frank M. Thomas as Murdock
* Dudley Clements as Honest John McQuade
* George Irving as Police Chief
* Maxine Jennings as Gloria
* Barbara Pepper as Mamie
* Tom Kennedy as Bugs
* John Kelly as Deuces
* Eddie Gribbon as Soapy
* Al Hill as Spots
* Donald Kirke as Johnny Cullen
(Cast list as per AFI database)

## Production

During production the title of the film was Take the Heir.

## Reception

The Film Daily gave the film a positive review, stating that the "High content of laughs and able performances mark pleasing comedy". They went on to say that Killy's direction maximized the performances, while applauding the camera work of Nicholas Musuraca. Harrison's Reports was less flattering, calling it "mildly amusing", and commenting that it was slow-moving and that the plot was less than believable. They did compliment Kibbee on his performance. Modern Screen also felt it was "mildly diverting", and while they thought the concept was amusing, they were less than pleased with the screenplay, and felt that Cora Witherspoon's performance was poor. Motion Picture Daily was slightly more positive, also calling the film amusing, but felt the plot had several interesting twists, and praised Edward Killey's direction.
# Reference Services Review

Reference Services Review is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Emerald Group Publishing, who acquired it from Pierian Press in 1998. The journal covers case studies and conceptual papers in all aspects of reference and user services.

## Abstracting & Indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in Education Full Text, Information Science & Technology Abstracts, Library and Information Science Abstracts (LISA), and Scopus.
# Thomas Powell

Thomas, Tom or Tommy Powell may refer to:

## Clergy

* Thomas Powell (archdeacon of Worcester), 16th-century English priest
* Thomas Powell (rector of Cantref) (c. 1608 – 1660), Welsh Anglican priest and writer
* Thomas Powell (archdeacon of Port Elizabeth) (fl. 1926–1964), Anglican priest in South Africa

## Politicians

* Sir Thomas Powell, 1st Baronet (1665–1720), Welsh politician
* Thomas Powell (Cardiganshire MP) (c. 1701–1752), Welsh politician
* Thomas Powell (Irish politician) (1892–1971), Irish Fianna Fáil politician

## Sports

* Tommy Powell (Gaelic footballer) (1894–1964), Irish Gaelic footballer
* Tosh Powell (Thomas Morgan Powell, 1908–1928), Welsh bantamweight boxer
* Tommy Powell (English footballer) (1925–1998), English association footballer
* Thomas Powell (ice hockey) (born 1986), Australian ice hockey player in the 2010 IIHF World Championship Division II
* Thomas Powell (Canadian soccer) (born 2001), Canadian soccer player
* Tom Powell (Australian footballer) (born 2002), Australian rules footballer

## Other people

* Thomas Powell (American landowner) (1641–1722), Quaker who secured the Bethpage Purchase on Long Island
* Thomas Powell (mine owner) (1779–1863), Welsh mine owner
* Thomas Powell (botanist) (1809–1887), British missionary to the Samoan Islands, taxon authority, paleontologist, and botanist
* Thomas Powell (writer) (1809–1887), English writer and fraudster
* Thomas Wilde Powell (1818–1897), English solicitor and stockbroker, patron of architects and artists
* Thomas C. Powell (1865–1945), American railroad executive
* T. G. E. Powell (Thomas George Eyre Powell, 1916–1975), British archaeologist

## Other uses

* Thomas Powell (steamboat), a steamboat built in 1846 for service on the Hudson River, New York
# Differential of the first kind

In mathematics, differential of the first kind is a traditional term used in the theories of Riemann surfaces (more generally, complex manifolds) and algebraic curves (more generally, algebraic varieties), for everywhere-regular differential 1-forms. Given a complex manifold M, a differential of the first kind ω is therefore the same thing as a 1-form that is everywhere holomorphic; on an algebraic variety V that is non-singular it would be a global section of the coherent sheaf Ω$^1$ of Kähler differentials. In either case the definition has its origins in the theory of abelian integrals.
The dimension of the space of differentials of the first kind, by means of this identification, is the Hodge number
    h$^{1,0}$.
The differentials of the first kind, when integrated along paths, give rise to integrals that generalise the elliptic integrals to all curves over the complex numbers. They include for example the hyperelliptic integrals of type
    $\int {\frac {x^{k}\,dx}{\sqrt {Q(x)}}}$
where Q is a square-free polynomial of any given degree > 4. The allowable power k has to be determined by analysis of the possible pole at the point at infinity on the corresponding hyperelliptic curve. When this is done, one finds that the condition is
    k ≤ g − 1,
or in other words, k at most 1 for degree of Q 5 or 6, at most 2 for degree 7 or 8, and so on (as g = [(1+ deg Q)/2]).
Quite generally, as this example illustrates, for a compact Riemann surface or algebraic curve, the Hodge number is the genus g. For the case of algebraic surfaces, this is the quantity known classically as the irregularity q. It is also, in general, the dimension of the Albanese variety, which takes the place of the Jacobian variety.

## Differentials of the second and third kind

The traditional terminology also included differentials of the second kind and of the third kind. The idea behind this has been supported by modern theories of algebraic differential forms, both from the side of more Hodge theory, and through the use of morphisms to commutative algebraic groups.
The Weierstrass zeta function was called an integral of the second kind in elliptic function theory; it is a logarithmic derivative of a theta function, and therefore has simple poles, with integer residues. The decomposition of a (meromorphic) elliptic function into pieces of 'three kinds' parallels the representation as (i) a constant, plus (ii) a linear combination of translates of the Weierstrass zeta function, plus (iii) a function with arbitrary poles but no residues at them.
The same type of decomposition exists in general, mutatis mutandis, though the terminology is not completely consistent. In the algebraic group (generalized Jacobian) theory the three kinds are abelian varieties, algebraic tori, and affine spaces, and the decomposition is in terms of a composition series.
On the other hand, a meromorphic abelian differential of the second kind has traditionally been one with residues at all poles being zero. One of the third kind is one where all poles are simple. There is a higher-dimensional analogue available, using the Poincaré residue.
# Robert George (pharmacologist)

Robert George (February 10, 1923 – April 13, 2006) was an American pharmacologist who specifically researched neuropharmacology and helped create the Brain Research Institute at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). He spent the majority of his career at UCLA (1958–1991) and was the co-editor of the Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology from 1977–1990.

## Early life and education

Robert George was born on February 10, 1923 in Turlock, California. His mother, Nabat, and his father, Isaac, were both emigrants from Iran to California. He had three siblings, all of whom were also born in Iran before the family emigration in 1920. His father died of an illness in 1923, a month after his birth, at the age of 32. He attended the University of Oregon, where he also played on its football team as a halfback. He then attended the University of California, Berkeley for a PhD in physiology.

## Career

Following his PhD, he conducted postdoctoral research under E. Leong Way at the University of California, San Francisco. He then spent another year of postdoctoral research at the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience in London with the neuroendocrinologist Geoffrey Harris, where he was funded by the National Institutes of Health. He joined the faculty of the University of California, Los Angeles in 1958, where he remained until his retirement in 1991. He became a full professor in 1967. He was a professor emeritus until his death in 2006. Within the Department of Pharmacology he was the vice-chair and graduate advisor from 1970 to 1977.
His research was primarily focused on neuropharmacology, or the research of drugs that acted on the brain. In particular, he studied analgesics (painkillers), including opiates, and their interactions with hormones produced by the thyroid, pituitary, hypothalamic, and adrenal glands. At UCLA, he helped found the Brain Research Institute. In 1971, he was appointed an associate editor at the Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology; he was made the co-editor in 1977 along with Ronald Okun. George remained co-editor until 1990, at which time he was succeeded by Arthur K. Cho.

## Personal life and death

He married Helga née Meyer; they had a daughter, Kathleen, and a son, Philip. He died of Huntington's disease on April 13, 2006, at the age of eighty-three.
# Somabrachys gulussa

Somabrachys gulussa is a moth in the Somabrachyidae family. It was described by Powell in 1916.
# Columbia Hydroelectric Station

The Columbia Hydroelectric Station is a hydroelectric station in Columbia, Tennessee, United States.

## History

The construction of the hydroelectric station was completed in 1925. It was designed by Freeland, Roberts and Co. and built by Foster & Creighton for the Southern Cities Corporation.
It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since February 9, 1990.
# Anatoliy Falkovich

Anatoly Solomonovich Falkovich (October 4, 1923, Baku – November 1, 1994, Haifa) was a Soviet theater and film actor, People's Artist of the Azerbaijan SSR (1972).

## Early life

Anatoli Falkovich was born on October 4, 1923, in Baku. He graduated from the Baku Theater School in 1943. He worked at the S. Vurgun Azerbaijan State Russian Drama Theater (1941–1942, 1945–1968, 1970–1994) and at the Maxim Gorky Theater in Rostov-on-Don (1968–1970). Falkovich began his film career in 1957. He played the role of Felix Dzerzhinsky in eight films between 1965 and 1975, earning him significant recognition.
In 1972, he was awarded the State Prize and the title of People's Artist of the Azerbaijan SSR. Anatoli Falkovich passed away on November 1, 1994, while on tour in Israel, collapsing on stage during a performance.
Falkovich's first and most memorable success at the "Azerbaijanfilm" studio was his portrayal of the magician Io-Kio in the film The Magic Gown. His portrayal of Felix Dzerzhinsky brought him nationwide recognition across the USSR.

## Awards

* People's Artist of the Azerbaijan SSR — February 7, 1972
* Honored Artist of the Azerbaijan SSR — May 24, 1960
* State Prize of the Azerbaijan SSR — April 27, 1972
* Order of Friendship of Peoples — August 7, 1981
* 2nd Class Order of the Patriotic War — April 6, 1985
* Medal "For Distinguished Labor" — June 9, 1959
* Medal "For the Defense of the Caucasus" — February 23, 1945
* Medal "For Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945" — 1946

## Filmography

* When the Winds Blow in Baku (1974)
* It’s Dangerous to Go to Sea (1973) — British Officer
* The Romance of the Postman (1969) — Felix Dzerzhinsky
* Karl Liebknecht (1970) — Felix Dzerzhinsky
* True Friend (1959)
* Matteo Falcone (1960)
* In the Flames (1978)
* Gatır Mammad (1974) — Scott
* Morning (1960)
* The Magic Gown (1964) — Io-Kio
* I Loved You More Than Life Itself (1985)
* The Telephone Operator Girl (1962)
* Stars Don’t Go Out (1971)
* On Distant Shores (1958) — Patrolman
* The Song That Remained Unfinished (1979) — Nikolay
# Martin Martinez

Martin Martinez (22 February 1946 – 4 February 2012) was a Spanish-born French racing cyclist, who competed as a professional from 1972 to 1975. The highlight of his career was winning stage 10b of the 1974 Vuelta a España after a 35 kilometer solo breakaway. He was the brother of fellow cyclist Mariano Martínez and the uncle of Yannick Martinez.

## Major results
### 1970

    1st Stage 3 Tour Nivernais Morvan [fr]

### 1974

    1st Stage 10b Vuelta a España
# Ficus callosa

Ficus callosa is a species of tree in the family Moraceae native to India, southern China, Indo-China and Malesia. In Vietnam it may be called đa chai or đa gùa.

## Description

Ficus callosa is a tree up to about 35–45 m (115–148 ft) tall with a trunk to about 35 cm (14 in) diameter, and it may have large butresses. The leaves of young plants are lobed and larger than those on older plants. They are shiny green above and paler below, with about 8–11 pairs of lateral veins. The syconia (fig fruit) are produced in the leaf axils either singly or in pairs, and are green-yellow when mature; they are somewhat pear-shaped and measure about 25 mm (1 in) long and 15 mm (0.6 in) wide. The species is dioecious, with female, male and gall flowers all present in the syconium.

## Gallery

* Juvenile foliage with lobed blades
* Foliage and fruit
* Petioles
* Mature fruit