OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tamsalu

Tamsalu is a town in Tapa Parish, Lääne-Viru County, Estonia.
The town has a station on the Tallinn-Tartu railway.
As of December 31, 2021, the town had a population of 2415.

## History

The settlement was first mentioned in 1512, but remained an insignificant village until 1876, when the Tallinn-Tartu railway was built. The settlement became a town in 1996. Before the administrative reform in 2017, the town was the administrative center of the former Tamsalu Parish.

## Demographics

Ethnic composition 1934-2021 :
| Ethnicity | 1934 | 1934 | 1959 | 1959 | 1970 | 1970 | 1979 | 1979 | 1989 | 1989 | 2000 | 2000 | 2011 | 2011 | 2021 | 2021 |
| Ethnicity | amount | % | amount | % | amount | % | amount | % | amount | % | amount | % | amount | % | amount | % |
| Estonians | 468 | 93.6 | 1355 | 86.6 | 1935 | 85.8 | 2056 | 76.9 | 2143 | 72.0 | 2078 | 79.5 | 1850 | 82.7 | 1991 | 82.4 |
| Russians | 28 | 5.60 | - | - | 172 | 7.62 | 356 | 13.3 | 523 | 17.6 | 320 | 12.2 | 264 | 11.8 | 303 | 12.5 |
| Ukrainians | - | - | - | - | 23 | 1.02 | 55 | 2.06 | 125 | 4.20 | - | - | 33 | 1.48 | 43 | 1.78 |
| Belarusians | - | - | - | - | 8 | 0.35 | 41 | 1.53 | 38 | 1.28 | - | - | 30 | 1.34 | 22 | 0.91 |
| Finns | - | - | - | - | 82 | 3.63 | 98 | 3.67 | 73 | 2.45 | - | - | 21 | 0.94 | 21 | 0.87 |
| Jews | - | - | - | - | 1 | 0.04 | 1 | 0.04 | 3 | 0.10 | - | - | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
| Latvians | 2 | 0.40 | - | - | 7 | 0.31 | 10 | 0.37 | 2 | 0.07 | - | - | 3 | 0.13 | 0 | 0.00 |
| Germans | 1 | 0.20 | - | - | - | - | 29 | 1.08 | 9 | 0.30 | - | - | 5 | 0.22 | 4 | 0.17 |
| Tatars | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 0.04 | 4 | 0.13 | - | - | 1 | 0.04 | 3 | 0.12 |
| Poles | - | - | - | - | - | - | 6 | 0.22 | 4 | 0.13 | - | - | 2 | 0.09 | 0 | 0.00 |
| Lithuanians | - | - | - | - | 8 | 0.35 | 9 | 0.34 | 13 | 0.44 | - | - | 8 | 0.36 | 5 | 0.21 |
| unknown | 1 | 0.20 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 8 | 0.31 | 1 | 0.04 | 5 | 0.21 |
| other | 0 | 0.00 | 209 | 13.4 | 20 | 0.89 | 11 | 0.41 | 41 | 1.38 | 208 | 7.96 | 18 | 0.81 | 18 | 0.75 |
| Total | 500 | 100 | 1564 | 100 | 2256 | 100 | 2673 | 100 | 2978 | 100 | 2614 | 100 | 2236 | 100 | 2415 | 100 |

## Notable people

* Marko Pomerants, former Estonian Minister of Social Affairs (April 10, 2003 – April 13, 2005), former Estonian Minister of the Interior (July 3, 2009 – April 5, 2011), former Estonian Minister of the Environment (April 9, 2015 – June 12, 2017), Member of the Estonian Parliament.

## Gallery

* Tamsalu church
* Tamsalu House of Culture
# Mateusz Machaj

Mateusz Machaj (born 28 June 1989) is a Polish professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Chrobry Głogów II.

## Career

In July 2011, he joined Lechia Gdańsk on a four-year contract.

## Honours

Lech Poznań
* Polish Cup: 2008–09
Chrobry Głogów
* III liga Lower Silesian–Lubusz: 2010–11
Individual
* I liga top scorer: 2017–18
* III liga Lower Silesian–Lubusz top scorer: 2010–11
# Stefan Machaj

Stefan Machaj (born 29 September 1964) is a Polish former professional footballer who played as a defender.

## Honours

Śląsk Wrocław
* Polish Cup: 1986–87
Zagłębie Lubin
* Ekstraklasa: 1990–91
# Kacper Piechocki

Kacper Piechocki (born 17 December 1995) is a Polish professional volleyball player.

## Career

From 2012 to 2014, he was a player of AZS Częstochowa. In May 2014, he moved to PGE Skra Bełchatów. On 8 October 2014, his team won the Polish SuperCup. On 7 February 2016, alongside Skra, he won the Polish Cup after beating ZAKSA in the final. In April 2016, he was a member of the same team which won a bronze medal of the Polish Championship.

## Honours
### Club

* Domestic
** 2014–15 Polish SuperCup, with PGE Skra Bełchatów
** 2015–16 Polish Cup, with PGE Skra Bełchatów
** 2017–18 Polish SuperCup, with PGE Skra Bełchatów
** 2017–18 Polish Championship, with PGE Skra Bełchatów
** 2018–19 Polish SuperCup, with PGE Skra Bełchatów

### Youth national team

* 2013 CEV U19 European Championship
* 2013 European Youth Olympic Festival
* 2014 CEV U20 European Championship

### Individual awards

* 2013: CEV U19 European Championship – Best libero
* 2014: CEV U20 European Championship – Best libero
# Lazarus Vitalis Msimbe

Lazarus Vitalis Msimbe, S.D.S. (born 27 December 1963) is a Tanzanian Catholic prelate who is the Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Morogoro, Tanzania. Before he was appointed bishop, he served as Apostolic Administrator of the Diocese of Morogoro, from 13 February 2019 until 31 May 2021, while still a priest. He was appointed bishop on 13 February 2019 by Pope Francis.

## Early life and education

He was born on 27 December 1963 in Homboza, Morogoro District, Morogoro Region, in the Diocese of Morogoro, in Tanzania.
He attended elementary school in his home area. He studied philosophy at Our Lady of the Angels Major Seminary in Kibosho, in the diocese of Moshi, from 1990 until 1993. He then transferred to Saint Charles Lwanga Senior Seminary in Segerea, in the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Dar es Salaam, where he studied Theology from 1993 until 1998. Later, he studied civil law and canon law, graduating with a Doctorate degree, awarded by Heythrop College, a component of the University of London, at the time.

## Priest

While still in seminary, he joined the Society of the Divine Saviour (SDS) also known as Salvatorians. He professed to be a member of the SDS on 8 December 1987. He then took his perpetual vows as a member of the Order of Salvatorians on 8 December 1994. He was ordained priest of the Society of the Divine Savior, on 21 June 1998.
While a priest, he served in various roles including as:
* Priest in Lukuledi Parish in the diocese of Tunduru-Masasi, in 1988
* Director of seminaries and vocations for the province of the Salvatorian Fathers in Tanzania from 1998 until 2002
* Master of Salvatorian novices in Nakapanya, the Diocese of Tunduru-Masasi from 2002 until 2005
* Provincial superior of the institute in Tanzania from 2005 until 2011.
* Provider of pastoral service in a number of parishes in the London area, England, United Kingdom from 2012 until 2016
* Formator of Salvatorian seminarians at Jordan University College in Morogoro
* Bursar of the community
* Vice-superior provincial of the Salvatorians in Tanzania from 2017 until February 2019.
He was appointed the apostolic administrator of the Diocese of Morogoro on 13 February 2019, serving in that capacity until 31 May 2021.

## Bishop

On 31 May 2021 Pope Francis appointed Monsignor Lazarus Vitalis Msimbe, as the Ordinary of the diocese of Morogoro. He was consecrated and installed on 19 September 2021 at the hands of Archbishop Marek Solczyński, Titular Archbishop of Caesarea in Mauretania assisted by Archbishop Jude Thaddaeus Ruwa'ichi, Archbishop of Dar-es-Salaam and Bishop Telesphore Richard Mkude, Bishop Emeritus of Morogoro.
# Araski

Araski is a village in Tapa Parish, Lääne-Viru County, in northeastern Estonia.
# Materoa Reedy

Materoa Reedy (née Ngarimu, 1881–1944) was a New Zealand tribal leader.
Of Māori descent, she identified with the Ngāti Porou iwi. She was born in Maraeke, East Coast, New Zealand in 1881, the daughter of Tuta Ngarimu and Makere Rairi.
Reedy attended the Hukarere Native School for Girls. She married John Marshall Reedy, the eldest son of Thomas Tyne Reedy, an Irishman, and Mihi Takawhenua Ngawiki Tuhou. Their eldest son was Hanara (Arnold) Tangiawha Te Ohaki Reedy. Moana-Nui-a-Kiwa Ngarimu, the first Māori person to be awarded the Victoria Cross while serving with New Zealand forces, was her brother's son.
# Abba-Rose Vaiaoga-Ioasa

Abba-Rose Dinah Vaiaoga-Ioasa is a Samoan-New Zealand film producer.

## Biography

Vaiaoga-Ioasa was born in New Zealand to Samoan parents and grew up in the suburb of Northcote, Auckland. She attended Auckland Girls' Grammar School and went on to study at the University of Auckland, completing a bachelor degree in chemical and material engineering in 2012. She worked in chemical engineering in Canada until resigning to return to New Zealand and work with her brother Stallone Vaiaoga-Ioasa as associate producer for his 2016 film Three Wise Cousins.
In 2020, she was named the SPADA New Filmmaker of the Year. In the same year, she won a New Zealand Film Commission Gender Scholarship.
Vaiaoga-Ioasa and her brother co-founded the group Pacific Islands Screen Artists (PISA) in 2020 which "supports, encourages and promotes Pasifika working in the New Zealand Screen sector".

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Format |
| 2024 | I Got You | Web series |
| 2020 | Mama's Music Box | Feature film |
| 2019 | Take Home Pay | Feature film |
| 2018 | Hibiscus & Ruthless | Feature film |
| 2016 | Three Wise Cousins | Feature film |
# Stefan Kostrzewski

Stefan Kostrzewski (4 August 1902 – 24 February 1999) was a Polish sprinter. He competed in the men's 400 metres at the 1928 Summer Olympics.
# Id Tech 7

id Tech 7 is a multiplatform proprietary game engine developed by id Software. As part of the id Tech series of game engines, it is the successor to id Tech 6. The software was first demonstrated at QuakeCon 2018 as part of the id Software announcement of Doom Eternal.
Indiana Jones and the Great Circle features a fork of id Tech 7 known as "Motor".

## Technology

id Tech 7 features ten times the geometric detail of id Tech 6 and higher texture fidelity. Moreover the capabilities of the game engine allow it to have a new system called "Destructible Demons", in which enemies' bodies become progressively destroyed and deteriorate in combat as they suffer damage. On PC, id Tech 7 supports Vulkan rendering only. Ray tracing and DLSS were added in June 2021. According to engine developer Axel Gneiting, the engine doesn't have a "main thread"; everything is implemented as jobs.

### Improvements in comparison to id Tech 6

* 1 million fewer lines of code, due in part to the removal of the OpenGL render-engine
* Unified HDR lighting and shadowing
* Full HDR support on PS4, PS4 Pro, PS5, Xbox One S, Xbox One X, Xbox Series S, Xbox Series X, PC and Stadia
* Multi PBR material compositing, blending, and painting
* Increased texture fidelity and geometric detail due to removal of MegaTexture pipeline, used since id Tech 4
* Enhanced global illumination quality
* Majorly improved particle system as more particles are running on the GPU, which allows for bigger explosions, more atmospheric volumetrics and more vibrant particle effects
* The framerate limit has been increased to 1000 FPS. The frame limit was 250 FPS in id Tech 6.
* Rewritten jobs-system to use all available CPU cores more efficiently
* Improved post-processing effects, including more detailed anti-aliasing and enhanced motion blur
* Support for gameplay areas twice the size of those in id Tech 6
* Improved image streaming
* Expanded decal system
* Improved LOD system
* New GPU triangle-, light- and occlusion-culling system to not render what is offscreen
* Dramatically improved compression
* Improved level loading times, including after death screens
* DLSS 2.3.0
* Ray-traced reflections on PlayStation 5, Xbox Series X (not available on Xbox Series S) and PCs with hardware accelerated ray tracing
* Variable rate shading on Xbox Series X and Xbox Series S

## Games using id Tech 7

| Year | Title | Developer | Notes |
| 2020 | Doom Eternal | id Software |
| 2024 | Indiana Jones and the Great Circle | MachineGames | Custom version branded as Motor - Powered by id Tech |
# Birth to Twenty

Birth to Twenty (BT20) is Africa's largest and longest running study of child and adolescent health and development. The study is a birth cohort study, and in 1990 began to track the development of 3,273 newborn infants. According to supporter, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, BT20 is colloquially nicknamed "Mandela's Children" as the program began following Nelson Mandela's release from prison. As the name suggests, the study plans will continue to monitor its subjects until they are twenty years old (2010). As of 2008, the study was still active.
The first round of the study began in 1989/1990, and questioned the still-pregnant mothers about general demographic characteristics, and the conditions of the pregnancy. After further rounds of assessments and surveys at birth and six months, data was obtained on an annual basis. The question in the yearly surveys cover a broad range of topics, touching on both the physical health and development of the child, his or her environment, education, nutrition, socioeconomic class, and cognitive development. Later surveys also monitor each subject's opinion on politics, Africa, and other social opinions.
The study is unique source of information for major policy decisions in the South Africa, especially due to the absence of other data. Information on children's recognition of cigarette brands, for example, was used by the Minister of Health from 1997 to 1999 to push forward progressive tobacco legislation, preventing public advertising and the sale of cigarettes to minors. The early age of school entry revealed by longitudinal data was used by the Ministry of Education in 2004 to legislate a minimum age for school enrolment.
As a longitudinal study, one of the major criteria by which one may judge the Birth to Twenty study is by the number of subjects for whom data is obtained in each round, or the attrition rate. One of the difficulties encountered by the Birth to Twenty is that many subjects move out of the area, and can no longer participate. Nevertheless, the study has quite consistently obtained data from between 50% - 65% of the original cohort of 3,273. In 2005-2006, for example, data was collected from 2,100 subjects, or 64%.

## Availability of Data

The data for the Birth to 20 study is not publicly available. According to the "Memorandum of Understanding," interested researches should contact the projects Executive Committee if they wish to obtain the study's data or publish a paper based on it.

## Funding

Since its inception, Birth to Twenty has been funded by the South African Medical Research Council. Other sources of funding include the Institute for Behavioural Sciences at the University of South Africa. Since 1998, the Wellcome Trust has been a major contributor, with additional support coming from the Human Sciences Research Council of South Africa, the Medical Research Council, the University of the Witwatersrand, the Mellon Foundation, the South-African Netherlands Programme on Alternative Development and the Anglo American Chairman's Fund.
# Konggang Xincheng Jiangning station

Konggang Xincheng Jiangning station (Chinese: 空港新城江宁站; lit. 'Airport New Town Jiangning Station') is a terminal station of Line S1 and a cross-platform interchange station between Line S1 and Line S7 of the Nanjing Metro.
Exits shown in the metro station are listed below:
| Exit | Instructions (in Chinese) | Instructions (in English) |
| 1 | 鲲鹏路 | Kunpeng Road |
| 2 | 禄口机场 | Lukou International Airport |
# Battle of Tianquan

The Battle of Tianquan was fought between the communists and the nationalists during the Chinese Civil War in the post World War II era and resulted in communist victory. It is also called "The Battle to Defend Tianquan" (Tianquan Baoweizhan, 天全保卫战) by the communists.
Order of Battle
* Nationalists (3,000+)
** Southwestern (China) Anticommunist National Salvation Army
** Local bandits
* Communists (100+)
** A company of the 555th Regiment
On February 14, 1950, Cheng Zhiwu (程志武) the nationalist commander of the Southwestern (China) National Revolutionary Army Region negotiated with local bandits headed by Li Yuanheng (李元亨) to ally with him in an assault on the town of Tianquan County (天全) in Xikang (present-day Sichuan). The Nationalist forces expected an easy victory as the town was guarded by a single communist company of the 555th Regiment. The National Revolutionary Army besieged the town on the same day, severing all communications. The garrison was eventually overwhelmed by the Nationalist forces.
On February 15, 1950, over a hundred National Revolutionary Army successfully penetrated into the town via the Western Pass (Xi Guan, 西关) under cover of heavy fire. The People's Liberation Army managed to outflank and rout the attackers. This demoralized the National Revolutionary Arm] who were forced into a stalemate. However, the situation facing the People's Liberation Army defenders was one of short supply and low morale. The final assault which occurred on the February 20, 1950, with over a hundred National Revolutionary Army soldiers successfully taking over a bunker in the Tianquan. The defending company of the 555th Regiment then counterattacked and besieged the bunker. The successful dynamiting of the bunker by the People's Liberation Army resulted in a military rout for the National Revolutionary Army. The Cheng Zhiwu was unable to stop his fleeing troops, forcing a complete withdraw. Given the opportunity, the People's Liberation Army counterattacked, inflicting further casualties on the[National Revolutionary Arm] and taking over a hundred prisoners.
The[National Revolutionary Army's failure was due to the reliance on poorly trained bandits. The bandits themselves were poorly organised and unwilling to fight. The few dedicated anticommunists under Cheng Zhiwu were not able to change the tide of the battle.
# Lil Demon

"Lil Demon" is a song by American rapper Future from his seventeenth mixtape Mixtape Pluto (2024). It was produced by Southside and Smatt Sertified.

## Background

On the night of September 2, 2024, Future previewed the song on social media.

## Critical reception

Gabriel Bras Nevares of HotNewHipHop regarded the song as one of the "so-so records" of the first five tracks in Mixtape Pluto which "lose their value when stacked up against better cuts in that same section." Reviewing the mixtape for Pitchfork, Paul A. Thompson wrote "When he slips into slow, languid flows, as he does on 'Lil Demon' and 'Plutoski,' the writing is laid bare—and is revealed, virtually without exception, as incisive and sometimes shockingly self-critical." Aaron Williams of Uproxx commented, "The hypnotic, chant-like choruses? They're represented here on tracks like 'Lil Demon' and 'Aye Say Gang.' The rapping is as crisp as it's ever been."

## Charts

Chart performance for "Lil Demon" :
| Chart (2024) | Peak position |
| Canada (Canadian Hot 100) | 59 |
| New Zealand Hot Singles (RMNZ) | 3 |
| Global 200 (Billboard) | 46 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 99 |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 25 |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard) | 5 |
# Battery H, 2nd Missouri Light Artillery Regiment

Battery H, 2nd Missouri Light Artillery Regiment was an artillery battery that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War and Plains Indian Wars.

## Service

Organized at St. Louis, Mo., January, 1862. Attached to District of St. Louis, Mo., Dept. Missouri, to September, 1863. Transferred to New Battery "C" September 29. 1863. Reorganized at Springfield, Mo., December 4, 1863. Attached to District of Southwest Missouri, Dept. Missouri, to June, 1865. District of the Plains, Dept. Missouri, to November, 1865.

## Detailed service

Duty in the District of St. Louis, Mo., till April, 1864. Expedition from New Madrid and skirmishes in swamps of Little River near Osceola and on Pemiscott Bayou April 5–9. Ordered to Cape Girardeau April 28. Actions at Ironton, Shutin Gap and Arcadia Valley September 26. Fort Davidson, Pilot Knob, September 26–27. Leesburg or Harrison September 28–29. March from Rolla to Jefferson City October 4–6. Defence of Jefferson City against Price's attack October 7–8. California, Boonville and Russellville October 9. Boonville October 9–12. Little Blue October 21. Big Blue, State Line, October 22. Westport October 23. Engagement at the Marmiton or Battle of Charlott October 25. Mine Creek, Little Osage River, Marias des Cygnes, October 25. Newtonia October 28. At Franklin till June, 1865. Moved to Omaha, Neb., June 11–20. Powder River Expedition. March to Powder River and Fort Connor July 1-September 20. Actions on Powder River September 2–3. Mustered out November 20, 1865.

## Commanders

* Captain William C. F. Montgomery
# Włodzimierz Gąsior

Włodzimierz Gąsior (born 17 August 1948) is a Polish professional football manager and former player who recently was the manager of Ekstraklasa club Stal Mielec.
After his football career, he played for the Chicago Horizons futsal team and was known as Wally Gasior.

## Honours
### Player

Stal Mielec
* Ekstraklasa: 1972–73, 1975–76
* III liga: 1968–69

### Manager

Stal Mielec
* II liga: 1987–88
Korona Kielce
* III liga, group IV: 1996–97
# Paule Ka

PAULE KA is a French ready-to-wear brand, created in 1987 by Serge Cajfinger.
Born in Lille in 1955, Serge Cajfinger spent his childhood in Brazil; he returned to France in 1968. In 1974, he opened a multi-brand store in Lille known as PAULE KA. Serge Cajfinger later left Lille for Paris to set up a designer label under the same name, opening the first ever PAULE KA store in 1987 in the heart of Paris’ Marais district. The brand's style is geometric and sober, sophisticated yet urban, with some lasting characteristics such as black dresses, must-have bags and the use of bows.
In 2007, State-owned fund Caisse des dépôts et consignations invested in PAULE KA. The fashion house set up its headquarters on the rue Saint Honoré in Paris and opened a store in Cannes. 2011 saw the arrival of Change Capital Partners, who were also to invest in PAULE KA, enabling the brand to set itself new growth objectives.
International development ensued 2012 with the opening of stores in China and across Europe as well as a showroom in New York.
In 2014, Following the decision to change the company's governance, Cajfinger left the House he founded after almost 30 years as Chairman and Creative Director to devote himself to new personal projects.
In July 2015, a year after Cajfinger's departure, Alithia Spuri-Zampetti was appointed Creative Director of PAULE KA.
In July 2017, the company Marco Polo became main shareholder of Maison PAULE KA. Serge Cajfinger takes the lead again to supervise upcoming collections alongside the House's creative team.
Fashion personalities such as Kate Middleton, Amal Clooney, Jessica Chastain and Anne Hathaway wear PAULE KA.

## Other lines

Following the launch in 2010 of a collection of evening dresses called Black Carpet, Serge Cajfinger has dressed Hollywood actresses including Meryl Streep, Patricia Arquette, Eva Longoria, Sarah Jessica Parker as well as singers Rihanna, Taylor Swift, Selena Gomez and Jennifer Lopez. In 2010, he designed a capsule collection for La Redoute, the largest French mail order retailer, presented by Agyness Deyn.

## Sponsoring

In June 2020, Paule Ka announced that they would become the naming rights sponsor of cycling team Bigla–Katusha (later renamed Équipe Paule Ka), until the end of 2024. Starting in August 2020, the company only paid 1 month's salary of the 4 months due. They also failed to pay its sponsorship money causing the team to fold in October 2020.
# Jianghui Road station

Jianghui Road (Chinese: 江晖路) is a metro station on Line 5 of the Hangzhou Metro in China. It is located in the Binjiang District of Hangzhou.
# Théo Kemp

Théo Kemp (25 September 1931 – 4 June 2010) was a Luxembourgish footballer. He played in one match for the Luxembourg national football team in 1957. He was also part of Luxembourg's team for their qualification matches for the 1954 FIFA World Cup.
# Bogusław Wyparło

Bogusław Wyparło (born 29 November 1974) is a Polish former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He gained three caps for the Poland national team.

## Playing career

He is a trainee of Stal Mielec. He debuted in Ekstraklasa at the age of 16. Wyparło featured in all 34 matches of ŁKS Łódź's 1997–98 championship winning campaign. He made three appearances for the Poland national team.

## Coaching career

On 15 November 2011, Wyparło was appointed goalkeeping coach of ŁKS Łódź, while stile an active player for the first team. Between 2015 and 2021, he coached the goalkeepers at his former club Stal Mielec.

## Honours

ŁKS Łódź
* Ekstraklasa: 1997–98
* I liga: 2010–11
Pogoń Szczecin
* I liga: 2003–04
Stal Mielec
* II liga: 2015–16
* III liga Lublin-Subcarpathia: 2012–13