# 2024 Azorean regional election

The 2024 Azorean regional election was held on 4 February 2024, to determine the composition of the Legislative Assembly of the Autonomous Region of the Azores. The election replaced all 57 members of the Azores Assembly, and the new members would then elect the President of the Autonomous Region. It was the first snap election since Azores gained its autonomy in 1976.
President José Manuel Bolieiro, from the Social Democratic Party (PSD), led a coalition government between the Social Democrats, the CDS – People's Party (CDS-PP) and People's Monarchist Party (PPM), with the parliamentary support of CHEGA since late 2020. The Liberal Initiative (IL) initially supported the PSD coalition government but withdrew their support from the government on 8 March 2023. The Social Democrats, the CDS – People's Party and the People's Monarchist Party contested this election in a joint coalition as stipulated in their 2020 coalition agreement.
The PSD/CDS/PPM coalition won the election with 42 percent of the votes and elected 26 seats, the same number as of 2020. The Socialist Party (PS) failed to be the most voted party for the first time since 1996, gathering less than 36 percent of the votes and electing 23 seats, minus two compared with 2020.
CHEGA was the party that most increased its share, achieving 9 percent of the votes and electing 5 seats to the regional parliament. The party's result was seen as a prelude to next month's general election in which Chega saw a surge in support as well. The Left Bloc (BE) lost ground, compared with 2020, losing one seat, while the Liberal Initiative (IL) and the People-Animals-Nature (PAN) were able to hold on to their sole seats. The Unitary Democratic Coalition (CDU) failed to return to the regional parliament.
Turnout stood at 50.3 percent, the highest rate since 2004.

## Background
### 2023 government crisis

The PSD/CDS-PP/PPM coalition government was, since the beginning, marred by instability due to political tensions between or within parties, especially CHEGA, which even lost a member of the regional Parliament during the Parliamentary term. But, on 8 March 2023, the Liberal Initiative decided to remove their support for the government, citing deep disagreements on policy and tensions between the minor parties within the coalition, CDS-PP and PPM particularly. Shortly after, the independent MP Carlos Furtado, a CHEGA dissident, also withdrew his support for the government accusing the government of lack of institutional respect and for failing to follow the deal between them and Furtado.
Following these announcements, that made the government lose its majority, President José Manuel Bolieiro rejected the idea of a motion of confidence and said that he will continue to govern, but that elections could be on the table. The PS, the main opposition party, discussed the possibility of presenting a motion of no confidence against the government, but the idea was dropped, and the PSD coalition government governed as a minority and negotiated case by case with parties.

### Rejection of the budget proposal for 2024

In 23 November 2023, the parliament of Azores failed to approve the regional government's budget proposal for 2024. 28 MPs voted against it, 27 MPs voted in favor and 2 MPs abstained. The votes against it were cast by PS (25), BE (2) and IL (1). The votes in favor were by PSD (21), CDS-PP (3), PPM (2) and the independent MP Carlos Furtado (1). CHEGA (1) and PAN (1) abstained. According to the Framework Law for the Budget of the Autonomous Region of the Azores, the regional government must present a new budget proposal within 90 days of the rejection of the previous proposal. The president of the regional government, José Manuel Bolieiro, said he wanted to present a new budget proposal. That same day, the President of Portugal scheduled meetings for 30 November, at the Belém Palace in Lisbon, with the parties represented in the parliament of Azores.
On the meeting with the President of Portugal, in 30 November, José Manuel Bolieiro said that it seemed pointless to present a second budget proposal without a guarantee of its approval and that early regional legislative elections should be held as quickly as possible. He suggested the date of 4 February 2024 for the elections and announced that PSD, CDS-PP and PPM would run together as a coalition. PS, CDS-PP, BE, PPM and IL also said they wanted early elections.
On 11 December, after meeting with the Council of State, the President of Portugal dissolved the regional parliament of the Azores and called early elections for 4 February 2024.

## Electoral system

The Azores regional parliament elects 57 members through a proportional system in which the 9 islands elect a number of MPs proportional to the number of registered voters. MPs are allocated by using the D'Hondt method. 5 members are also elected for a compensation constituency. Distribution of MPs by constituency:
| Constituency | Total MPs | Registered voters |
| Corvo | 2 | 355 |
| Faial | 4 | 13,005 |
| Flores | 3 | 3,083 |
| Graciosa | 3 | 3,872 |
| Pico | 4 | 13,808 |
| Santa Maria | 3 | 5,200 |
| São Jorge | 3 | 8,712 |
| São Miguel | 20 | 128,814 |
| Terceira | 10 | 53,072 |
| Compensation | 5 | - |
| Total | 57 | 229,921 |

## Parties
### Composition

The table below lists parties represented in the Legislative Assembly of the Azores before the election.
| Name | Name | Name | Ideology | Leader | 2020 result | 2020 result | Seats at dissolution |
| Name | Name | Name | Ideology | Leader | % | Seats | Seats at dissolution |
| | PS | Socialist Party Partido Socialista | Social democracy | Vasco Cordeiro | 39.1% | 25 / 57 | 25 / 57 |
| | PPD/PSD | Social Democratic Party Partido Social Democrata | Liberal conservatism | José Manuel Bolieiro | 33.7% | 21 / 57 | 21 / 57 |
| | CDS–PP | CDS – People's Party Centro Democrático Social – Partido Popular | Conservatism | Artur Lima | 5.5% | 3 / 57 | 3 / 57 |
| | CH | CHEGA! Chega! | National conservatism Right-wing populism | José Pacheco | 5.1% | 2 / 57 | 1 / 57 |
| | BE | Left Bloc Bloco de Esquerda | Left-wing populism | António Lima | 3.8% | 2 / 57 | 2 / 57 |
| | PPM | People's Monarchist Party Partido Popular Monárquico | Monarchism | Paulo Estêvâo | 2.4% | 2 / 57 | 2 / 57 |
| | IL | Liberal Initiative Iniciativa Liberal | Liberalism | Nuno Barata José Luís Parreira | 1.9% | 1 / 57 | 1 / 57 |
| | PAN | People Animals Nature Pessoas-Animais-Natureza | Animal welfare Environmentalism | Pedro Neves | 1.9% | 1 / 57 | 1 / 57 |
| | JPP | Together for the People Juntos pelo Povo | Regionalism | Carlos Furtado | Did not run | Did not run | 1 / 57 |

#### Seat changes

* On 14 July 2021, Chega's national leader, André Ventura, removed his confidence in party MP, and former regional leader, Carlos Furtado, but Furtado decided to remain in the regional assembly as an Independent. In December 2023, Furtado announced he had joined the Together for the People party and would become the party's regional leader in the Azores.

### Parties running in the election

11 lists will be on the ballot for the 2024 Azorean regional election, eight parties and three coalitions. The parties that will contest the election and their lead candidates, are: (alphabetically ordered)
* National Democratic Alternative (ADN), Rui Matos
* Left Bloc (BE), António Lima
* Unitary Democratic Coalition (CDU), Marco Varela
* CHEGA (CH), José Pacheco
* Liberal Initiative (IL), Nuno Barata
* Together for the People (JPP), Carlos Furtado
* LIVRE (L), José Azevedo
* Earth Party/Alliance Alternative 21 coalition (MPT/A), José Olívio Arranhado
* People-Animals-Nature (PAN), Pedro Neves
* Social Democratic Party/CDS – People's Party/People's Monarchist Party coalition (PSD/CDS–PP/PPM), José Manuel Bolieiro
* Socialist Party (PS), Vasco Cordeiro

## Campaign period
### Party slogans

| Party or alliance | Original slogan | English translation |
| PSD/CDS/PPM | « Unidos pelos Açores » | "United by the Azores" |
| PS | « Vasco Cordeiro, o Presidente de Confiança » | "Vasco Cordeiro, the Trusted President" |
| CH | « Os Açores precisam de uma limpeza » | "The Azores needs a clean up" |
| BE | « Levar a sério os Açores » | "Taking the Azores seriously" |
| IL | « A alternativa é Liberal » | "The alternative is Liberal" |
| PAN | « Um por todos. Todos pelos Açores » | "One for all. All for the Azores" |
| JPP | « Em frente. Sem medo! » | "Forward. Without fear!" |

### Candidates' debates

2024 Azorean regional election debates :
| Date | Organisers | Moderator(s) | P Present  S Surrogate  NI Not invited  I Invited  A Absent invitee | P Present  S Surrogate  NI Not invited  I Invited  A Absent invitee | P Present  S Surrogate  NI Not invited  I Invited  A Absent invitee | P Present  S Surrogate  NI Not invited  I Invited  A Absent invitee | P Present  S Surrogate  NI Not invited  I Invited  A Absent invitee | P Present  S Surrogate  NI Not invited  I Invited  A Absent invitee | P Present  S Surrogate  NI Not invited  I Invited  A Absent invitee | P Present  S Surrogate  NI Not invited  I Invited  A Absent invitee | P Present  S Surrogate  NI Not invited  I Invited  A Absent invitee | P Present  S Surrogate  NI Not invited  I Invited  A Absent invitee | P Present  S Surrogate  NI Not invited  I Invited  A Absent invitee |
| Date | Organisers | Moderator(s) | PSD/CDS/PPM | PS | CH | BE | IL | PAN | CDU | L | JPP | ADN | Ref. |
| 21 Jan | RTP Açores | João Simas | P Bolieiro | P Cordeiro | A Pacheco | P Lima | P Barata | P Neves | P Varela | P Azevedo | P Furtado | P Matos | |

## Opinion polls

Exit poll
| Polling firm/Link | Fieldwork date | Sample size | Turnout | | | | | | | | | | O | Lead |
| 2024 regional election | 4 Feb 2024 | — | 50.3 | 35.9 23 | 42.1 26 | 42.1 26 | 42.1 26 | 9.2 5 | 2.5 1 | 2.1 1 | 1.6 1 | 1.6 0 | 4.9 0 | 6.2 |
| CESOP–UCP | 4 Feb 2024 | 9,475 | 50–56 | 32–37 19/25 | 40–45 25/31 | 40–45 25/31 | 40–45 25/31 | 8–11 4/8 | 1–3 0/1 | 1–3 0/1 | 1–3 0/1 | 1–3 0/1 | — | 8 |
| CESOP–UCP | 27–28 Jan 2024 | 2,297 | — | 39 23/27 | 36 22/26 | 36 22/26 | 36 22/26 | 9 3/5 | 3 0/2 | 2 0/1 | 2 0/1 | 2 0/1 | 7 0 | 3 |
| Aximage | 18–24 Jan 2024 | 411 | — | 38.6 | 42.2 | 42.2 | 42.2 | 7.3 | 2.2 | 1.6 | 2.2 | 1.4 | 4.4 | 3.6 |
| 2022 legislative election | 30 Jan 2022 | — | 36.7 | 42.8 | 33.9 | 33.9 | 33.9 | 5.9 | 4.3 | 4.1 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 6.1 | 8.9 |
| 2021 local elections | 26 Sep 2021 | — | 54.2 | 43.1 | 46.4 | 46.4 | 46.4 | 1.2 | 1.8 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 1.2 | 5.2 | 3.3 |
| 2020 regional election | 25 Oct 2020 | — | 45.4 | 39.1 25 | 33.7 21 | 5.5 3 | 2.4 2 | 5.1 2 | 3.8 2 | 1.9 1 | 1.9 1 | 1.7 0 | 4.9 0 | 5.4 |

## Voter turnout

The table below shows voter turnout throughout election day.
| Turnout | Time | Time | Time | Time | Time | Time | Time | Time | Time |
| Turnout | 11:00 | 11:00 | 11:00 | 15:00 | 15:00 | 15:00 | 19:00 | 19:00 | 19:00 |
| Turnout | 2020 | 2024 | ± | 2020 | 2024 | ± | 2020 | 2024 | ± |
| Total | 9.16% | 13.77% | 4.61 pp | 32.68% | 34.84% | 2.16 pp | 45.41% | 50.33% | 4.92 pp |
| Sources ||||||||||

## Results
### Regional summary

Summary of the 4 February 2024 Legislative Assembly of Azores elections results :
| Parties | Parties | Votes | % | ±pp swing | MPs | MPs | MPs | MPs | MPs | MPs %/ votes % |
| Parties | Parties | Votes | % | ±pp swing | 2020 | 2024 | ± | % | ± | MPs %/ votes % |
| | PSD/CDS/PPM coalition | 48,672 | 42.08 | 0.4 | 26 | 26 | 0 | 45.61 | 0.0 | 1.08 |
| | Socialist | 41,538 | 35.92 | 3.2 | 25 | 23 | 2 | 40.35 | 3.5 | 1.12 |
| | CHEGA | 10,627 | 9.19 | 4.1 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 8.77 | 5.3 | 0.95 |
| | Left Bloc | 2,936 | 2.54 | 1.3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1.75 | 1.7 | 0.69 |
| | Liberal Initiative | 2,482 | 2.15 | 0.2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1.75 | 0.0 | 0.81 |
| | People-Animals-Nature | 1,907 | 1.65 | 0.3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1.75 | 0.0 | 1.06 |
| | Democratic Unity Coalition | 1,821 | 1.57 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.0 | 0.00 |
| | LIVRE | 735 | 0.64 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.0 | 0.00 |
| | Together for the People | 626 | 0.54 | — | — | 0 | — | 0.00 | — | 0.00 |
| | National Democratic Alternative | 378 | 0.33 | — | — | 0 | — | 0.00 | — | 0.00 |
| | Alternative 21 (Earth Party/Alliance) | 4 | 0.00 | 0.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.0 | 0.00 |
| Total valid | Total valid | 111,726 | 96.60 | 0.2 | 57 | 57 | 0 | 100.00 | 0.0 | — |
| Blank ballots | Blank ballots | 2,522 | 2.18 | 0.3 | | | | | | |
| Invalid ballots | Invalid ballots | 1,407 | 1.22 | 0.0 | | | | | | |
| Total | Total | 115,655 | 100.00 | | | | | | | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 229,909 | 50.30 | 4.9 | | | | | | |
| Source: |||||||||||
Vote share
PSD/CDS/PPM
42.08%
PS
35.92%
CH
9.19%
BE
2.54%
IL
2.15%
PAN
1.65%
CDU
1.57%
Others
1.51%
Blank/Invalid
3.40% :
Parliamentary seats
PSD/CDS/PPM
45.61%
PS
40.35%
CH
8.77%
BE
1.75%
IL
1.75%
PAN
1.75% :

### Results by constituency

Results of the 2024 election of the Legislative Assembly of Azores by constituency :
| Constituency | % | S | % | S | % | S | % | S | % | S | % | S | Total S |
| Constituency | PSD/CDS/ PPM | PSD/CDS/ PPM | PS | PS | CH | CH | BE | BE | IL | IL | PAN | PAN | | Total S |
| Corvo | 39.7 | 1 | 53.4 | 1 | 0.7 | - | 0.0 | - | | | 0.0 | - | 2 |
| Faial | 48.2 | 2 | 32.3 | 2 | 4.3 | - | 2.9 | - | 0.8 | - | 1.1 | - | 4 |
| Flores | 30.6 | 1 | 41.8 | 2 | 7.8 | - | 0.8 | - | | | 0.7 | - | 3 |
| Graciosa | 46.2 | 2 | 43.7 | 1 | 4.1 | - | 0.5 | - | 0.6 | - | 0.7 | - | 3 |
| Pico | 47.5 | 2 | 37.7 | 2 | 4.4 | - | 1.9 | - | 1.7 | - | 1.1 | - | 4 |
| Santa Maria | 34.3 | 1 | 41.5 | 2 | 6.5 | - | 7.2 | - | 3.4 | - | 0.8 | - | 3 |
| São Jorge | 52.2 | 2 | 29.9 | 1 | 3.7 | - | 0.8 | - | 3.5 | - | 0.6 | - | 3 |
| São Miguel | 39.7 | 10 | 35.2 | 8 | 11.8 | 2 | 2.8 | - | 2.2 | - | 2.3 | - | 20 |
| Terceira | 43.6 | 5 | 37.1 | 4 | 8.1 | 1 | 2.3 | - | 2.4 | - | 1.0 | - | 10 |
| Compensation | | - | | - | | 2 | | 1 | | 1 | | 1 | 5 |
| Total | 42.1 | 26 | 35.9 | 23 | 9.2 | 5 | 2.5 | 1 | 2.2 | 1 | 1.7 | 1 | 57 |
| Source: Resultados Finais ||||||||||||||

## Aftermath

The PSD/CDS/PPM coalition failed to win an outright majority but, nonetheless, the right-wing parties, altogether, won a strong majority of 32 seats. However, any kind of deal between the Coalition, Chega and the Liberal Initiative would prove very difficult due to deep disagreements between parties, and José Manuel Bolieiro announced he would govern as a minority. Bolieiro asked for "common sense" from the PS, but the Socialists announced that they would vote against a PSD/CDS/PPM minority. On 20 February 2024, Boleiro was nominated as President of the Regional Government by the Representative of the Republic in the Azores, Pedro Catarino. The new Azores regional parliament was sworn in on 22 February 2024. Bolieiro second cabinet was sworn in on 4 March 2024 and the government's program was approved on 15 March with the votes of PSD, CDS and PPM, and abstentions from Chega, IL and PAN. PS and BE voted against, as it was expected.
2024 Motion of confidence José Manuel Bolieiro (PSD) :
| Ballot → | Ballot → | 15 March 2024 |
| Required majority → | Required majority → | Simple Y |
| | Yes • PSD (23) • CDS–PP (2) • PPM (1) | 26 / 57 |
| | No • PS (23) • BE (1) | 24 / 57 |
| | Abstentions • CH (5) • IL (1) • PAN (1) | 7 / 57 |
| | Absentees | 0 / 57 |
| Sources: ||||