OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1956 Labour Party deputy leadership election

The 1956 Labour Party deputy leadership election took place on 2 February 1956, after the resignation of sitting deputy leader Herbert Morrison. Morrison resigned after his heavy defeat in the leadership election in December 1955, but the party decided not to hold a deputy leadership election until the new year.

## Candidates

Herbert Morrison resigned as Deputy Leader of the Labour Party after a humiliating third-place defeat behind the winner Hugh Gaitskell and the runner-up Aneurin Bevan in the 1955 Labour Party leadership election. During this contest the Labour Party was divided between Bevanite and Gaitskellite wings.
* Aneurin Bevan, former Minister of Labour and National Service, Member of Parliament for Ebbw Vale
* Jim Griffiths, former Secretary of State for the Colonies, Member of Parliament for Llanelli

## Results

Only ballot: 2 February 1956 :
| Candidate | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Jim Griffiths | 141 | 56.0 |
| | Aneurin Bevan | 111 | 44.0 |
| Jim Griffiths elected ||||
The day after the result was announced, the political correspondent of The Glasgow Herald reported that "Mr Griffiths's success was a foregone conclusion", but Bevan attracted a much higher vote than had been expected. He speculated that if Bevan could "keep his personal animosities under control, and restrain his tendency to quarrel with colleagues in public" he would be "a formidable contender" for the post of deputy leader if he were to challenge Griffiths the following year.
As a result of Bevan's performance, his rival Gaitskell appointed him to his Shadow Cabinet as Shadow Colonial Secretary. He also won the election as party treasurer over George Brown in October 1956. One month later, he was promoted to Shadow Foreign Secretary for his fierce denunciation of the Suez Crisis. Afterwards the Bevanites and the Gaitskellites would increasingly reconcile, and Bevan was elected unopposed in the next deputy leadership election after Griffiths' retirement in 1959.
# Raj Bhavan, Mumbai

18°56′25″N 72°47′36″E﻿ / ﻿18.940194°N 72.793436°E﻿ / 18.940194; 72.793436
Raj Bhavan, Mumbai is the official residence of the governor of Maharashtra. It is located on the tip of Malabar Hills, Mumbai.
The Raj Bhavan is located in 20 hectares (49 acres) of sylvan surroundings, surrounded on three sides by the sea. The estate has several heritage bungalows, trees, large lawns and a beach. It also hosts mile long stretch of thick forests, a sandy beach and several lush lawns.
The bhavan has a precious collection of beautiful carpets, paintings, exquisitely carved doors and elegant French style chairs and sofas with intricate portraits on them. The bhavan breathes a century and a half of history.

## History

The Government House, part of the historic Bombay Castle, used to be the residence of the Governor of Bombay during the British Raj until 1757. The governor's residence then moved to Great Western Building on Apollo Street, then to Parel (the site of the present Haffkine Institute) before finally settling at Malabar point in 1885.
# Jose Antonio Gutierrez Castillo

José Antonio Gutiérrez Herrera (born 26 August 1943), also known as José Antonio Gutiérrez Castillo, is a Colombian chess player and FIDE International Master.

## Biography

From the begin of 1970s to the begin 1990s, Gutiérrez was one of Colombia's leading chess players. In 1972, he participated in World Chess Championships Central American Zonal tournament and ranked in 4th place.
Gutiérrez played for Colombia in the Chess Olympiads:
* In 1972, at second board in the 20th Chess Olympiad in Skopje (+1, =5, -11),
* In 1978, at second board in the 23rd Chess Olympiad in Buenos Aires (+5, =2, -4),
* In 1982, at third board in the 25th Chess Olympiad in Lucerne (+5, =2, -2),
* In 1984, at third board in the 26th Chess Olympiad in Thessaloniki (+2, =2, -3),
* In 1986, at fourth board in the 27th Chess Olympiad in Dubai (+4, =5, -3),
* In 1988, at first reserve board in the 28th Chess Olympiad in Thessaloniki (+6, =1, -2),
* In 1992, at first reserve board in the 30th Chess Olympiad in Manila (+3, =0, -1).
In 1972, Gutiérrez was awarded the FIDE International Master (IM) title. Also he was FIDE Arbiter.
# French ship Royal Italien (1812)

Royal Italien was a Téméraire-class 74-gun ship of the line of the French Navy.

## Career

Royal Italien, or Reale Italiano, was one of the ships built in the various shipyards captured by the First French Empire in Holland and Italy in a crash programme to replenish the ranks of the French Navy. She was built in Venice under supervision of engineers Fonda and Andrea Salvini following plans by Sané.
Royal Italien was surrendered to Austria at the fall of Venice, and commissioned in the Austrian Navy as Reale Italiano. In 1825, she was razéed into a frigate. She was eventually broken up in 1838.

## Citations

* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Demerliac, p.81, no 572
* ↑ Clouet, Alain (2007). "La marine de Napoléon III : classe Téméraire - caractéristiques". dossiersmarine.free.fr. Archived from the original on 23 March 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.
# Pocket Points

Pocket Points is a mobile app that was developed in 2014 by Mitch Gardner and Rob Richardson. Both were California State University, Chico students and members of Sigma Chi fraternity. The mobile app gives students rewards for not using their phones during class. Students open up the app, lock their phones, and start accumulating points. Points are then used to get discounts at local and online businesses.

## History

Richardson realized the problem of smartphone abuse in classrooms as he was sitting in the back of a large lecture. The initial idea was to have professors reward their students with extra credit for not using their phones. After performing a number of focus groups they received negative feedback from professors. They found that professors did want their students more engaged, but didn't want the additional responsibility of monitoring their phone use. After doing research on student incentives, the two of them found that students were heavily motivated by food-related discounts. This led them to their current model: Rewarding students with discounted items at local businesses surrounding each campus.
The iOS version of app launched at California State University, Chico in September 2014. After an angel investment, the company expanded to an additional eleven schools in spring 2015. Some of these schools included California State Polytechnic University, San Luis Obispo and Pennsylvania State University. After securing seed funding, Pocket Points is available on both iOS and Android to students at over 200 schools in the United States and Canada.

## Features

The app uses geo-fence technology to know whether students are on or off campus. Students are only able to earn points if they are on campus in academic buildings. Points cannot be earned at the school gym or in dorm rooms. When students are on campus they open the app, lock their phones, and begin earning points. The longer their phones remain locked, the more points they earn. Students will earn roughly one point every twenty minutes, but the rate at which points are earned varies. The more students using the app on each specific campus, the faster points are earned. After accumulating enough points, students can choose from a variety of different discounts at local and online businesses from the app's "Gift Page." The "Gift Page" also includes a map where students can see the location of each participating local business. The app is also equipped with a "Leaderboard" where students can see who has earned the most points that day, week, etc.

## Demographic

The app's main demographic consists of college students between 17 and 23 years of age.
# Frenetic (programming language)

Frenetic is a domain-specific language for programming software-defined networking (SDN). This domain-specific programming language allows network operators, rather than manually configuring each connected network device, to program the network as a whole. Frenetic is designed to solve major OpenFlow/NOX programming problems. In particular, Frenetic introduces a set of purely functional abstractions that enable modular program development, defines high-level, programmer-centric packet-processing operators, and eliminates many of the difficulties of the two-tier programming model by introducing a see-every-packet programming paradigm. Hence Frenetic is a functional reactive programming language operating at a packet level of abstraction.
# Siege of Hamar

The siege of Hamar was a short siege that lasted for three days in late June 1537, between the forces of Catholic bishop Mogens Lauritssøn and noble Truid Ulfstand. Truid Ulfstand and his forces came down from Trondheim to arrest the bishop as a part of the Reformation in Denmark–Norway and Holstein. The bishop heard that he was going to be arrested and barricaded himself and his men inside his castle at Hamar before the Protestant troops came. The Protestant troops where superior both in numbers and military tech, (most of the Protestant troops where German Landsknecht, but the Catholic troops where mostly peasant militia) and when the Protestant troops arrived they laid siege to the castle. The commander of the Protestant forces had a parley with the bishop, and gave him three days to surrender or he would burn the castle. On the third day of the siege the bishop surrendered and was taken as a prisoner to Denmark, where he died in 1542.
According to the Hamar Chronicle, when the bishop left the city, he fell on his knees and thanked God for every day he had spent in the city. He asked the city to pray for him and said he would return. Then the chronicle states that he prayed: O Gud fader udi himmelen, findes vj icke för, da Gud giffue det vj findis i himmerige. Denne bön bad hand med grædende taare oc sagde, vale, vale, vale. (O God, Father in heaven, we do not exist for gifts from God, but to find heaven. He prayed this prayer while crying tears, and said farewell, farewell, farewell.)
The siege was one of the last stands against the Reformation in Norway, and the Norwegian riksråd was de facto abolished and Denmark-Norway became a real union that would last until 1814. Also the king of Denmark-Norway became the biggest landowner in Norway after confiscating church lands.
# 1957 Carmarthen by-election

The Carmarthen by-election of 1957 in Carmarthenshire, Wales, was notable for resulting in the nadir of the British Liberal Party.

## Background

The seat became vacant as a result of the death of Sir Rhys Hopkin Morris on 22 November 1956. The Liberal Party was in a period of decline and Hopkin Morris had been one of only six Liberal Members of Parliament. Hopkin Morris's majorities had been narrow and it was recognised that a significant number of voters had favoured him personally and might not transfer their allegiance to a new Liberal candidate.
Further distress for the Liberals was caused by the announcement that Lady Megan Lloyd George, a former Liberal MP with a national reputation, would be running as the Labour candidate. Previously selected prospective candidate for Labour, Brynley Thomas, stood down in her favour. The local Liberals created another dilemma by choosing John Morgan Davies as their candidate; the Liberals were seeking to challenge the ruling Conservatives over the ongoing Suez Crisis and Morgan Davies, like Hopkin Morris, had publicly taken a pro-government stand on the issue. Jo Grimond, who had assumed leadership of the Liberal Party only a few weeks before, had to choose whether to support or disown Morgan Davies. He chose to support him.
The other candidate who ran for the seat was Jennie Eirian Davies of Plaid Cymru.
The Conservatives did not run a candidate. They had not contested the seat since 1935, as one of several seats where the local Conservative and Liberal parties came to agreements where one party would not field a candidate, in order to avoid vote-splitting that could allow Labour to win. This was the second to last by-election in Great Britain, during the 20th century, in which they did not stand, the last being the unusual circumstances of the 1963 Bristol South East by-election.

## Results

The election was held on 28 February 1957. Lloyd George won the seat, swinging the constituency from Liberal to Labour and dropping the Liberal Party to their historic low of only five seats in Parliament.
1957 Carmarthen by-election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Megan Lloyd George | 23,679 | 47.3 | +4.6 |
| | Liberal | John Morgan Davies | 20,610 | 41.2 | −8.3 |
| | Plaid Cymru | Jennie Eirian Davies | 5,741 | 11.5 | +3.7 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 3,069 | 6.1 | N/A |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 50,030 | 87.5 | +2.4 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 57,183 | | |
| | Labour gain from Liberal | Labour gain from Liberal | Swing | +6.5 | |
# Lovisa Lindh

Lovisa Tora Yvonne Lindh (born 9 July 1991) is a Swedish middle-distance runner competing primarily in the 800 metres. Lindh won the bronze medal in the event at the 2016 European Championships.

## Biography

Competing for Ullevi FK, Lindh won the national championship title on 800 metres in 2012. She competed at the 2016 IAAF World Indoor Championships without advancing to the final. At the 2016 European Championships she won the bronze medal with a time of 2:00.37, then a personal record. At the 2016 Summer Olympics, Lindh finished ninth on the 800 metres event.
In 2021, Lindh qualified for the 2020 Summer Olympics but was not chosen to represent Sweden. In 2025, Lindh switched to Kongahälla AIK.
Lovisa Lindh is the niece of Olympic table tennis player Erik Lindh. Lindh has studied at Southern Methodist University and the Gothenburg School of Business, Economics and Law.

## Competition record

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Sweden ||||||
| 2009 | European Junior Championships | Novi Sad, Serbia | 8th (h) | 800 m | 2:07.57 |
| 2010 | World Junior Championships | Moncton, Canada | 33rd (h) | 800 m | 2:10.51 |
| 2013 | European U23 Championships | Tampere, Finland | 7th | 800 m | 2:08.99 |
| 2014 | European Championships | Zürich, Switzerland | 12th (sf) | 800 m | 2:02.60 |
| 2016 | World Indoor Championships | Portland, United States | 8th (h) | 800 m | 2:03.44 |
| 2016 | European Championships | Amsterdam, Netherlands | 3rd | 800 m | 2:00.37 |
| 2016 | Olympic Games | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | 9th (sf) | 800 m | 1:59.41 |
| 2017 | European Indoor Championships | Belgrade, Serbia | 4th | 800 m | 2:01.37 |
| 2018 | European Championships | Berlin, Germany | 9h | 800 m | 2:02.36 |
| 2019 | European Indoor Championships | Glasgow, United Kingdom | 12th (sf) | 800 m | 2:04.54 |
| 2019 | World Championships | Doha, Qatar | 33rd (h) | 800 m | 2:03.72 |
| 2021 | European Indoor Championships | Toruń, Poland | 11th (sf) | 800 m | 2:04.12 |
| 2022 | European Championships | Munich, Germany | 18th (h) | 800 m | 2:03.48 |

## Personal bests

Outdoor
* 800 metres – 1:58.77 (Lausanne 2017)
* 1000 metres – 2:35.15 National Record (Gothenburg 2017)
* 1500 metres – 4:09.03 (Florø 2017)
Indoor
* 800 metres – 2:01.37 (Belgrade 2017)
* 1500 metres – 4:26.15 (Bollnäs 2012)
# Lorenzo Hammond

Lorenzo Tandy Hammond (1871-1959) (also known as Little Bear) was a Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe chief, plumber, and inventor.
Lorenzo Tandy Hammond was born in 1871 in Mashpee to Watson Hammond, a Republican politician, and Rebecca C. Amos, the daughter of a prominent Baptist minister. A short time after an October 1928 meeting at the Herring Pond Baptist Church, the tribe selected Lorenzo Hammond as chief of the Mashpees after his cousin Nelson D. Simons had ended his leadership role in the tribe. Hammond was sworn in by the newly elected Chief Sachem, Rev. Leroy C. Perry, of Pocasset, who ruled the entire Wampanoag Nation. Hammond lived in Cotuit for many years and worked as a very successful plumber for Nickerson Plumbing. He was a "gifted artist" and "invented the Victor Wellpoint (patented by a Cotuit plumber), a cranberry separator, and a bicycle brake." He died in 1959.
# Tinga Tingana

28°48′00″S 140°10′01″E﻿ / ﻿28.80°S 140.167°E﻿ / -28.80; 140.167
Tinga Tingana Station was a pastoral lease that once operated as a sheep station in outback South Australia.
The 1,492-square-mile (3,864 km$^2$) lease was originally taken up by William Christopher Burkitt in 1874. The lease straddled the sandy country on either side of the Strzelecki Creek and had one semi-permanent waterhole along with five wells to water stock. Burkitt abandoned the station in 1889 after the lease expired.
A fortnightly mail coach ran through the property in 1878 on the Strzelecki Track, with a horse changing station located on the property; the track to Tinga Tingana from the track was still utilised in the 1960s.
An Aboriginal stockman named Logic killed his overseer, Cornelius Mulhall, at the property in 1878. Logic then disappeared into the Strzelecki Desert, evading capture for two years until he returned and was arrested. It was later found that Mulhall had treated Logic brutally and he was released in 1885 and eventually returned to his old job at Tinga Tingala in 1886.
The lease was briefly held by Turton and Bristow but in 1890 the government appointed a caretaker, G.L. Prior. John Warren of Anna Creek took over in 1892 and then abandoned in 1895 after drought and rabbit infestation. Another caretaker, Samuel Watts, looked after the property from 1896 until his death in 1897. All the Strzelecki stations were abandoned in 1899.
The Tinga Tingana Homestead Ruins are listed on the South Australian Heritage Register. Much of the former station lies within the modern locality of Lindon.
# Toru Goto

Toru Goto (後藤 暢, Gotō Tōru, born June 26, 1934) is a former freestyle swimmer from Japan, who represented his native country at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki, Finland. There he won a silver medal as a member of the 4 × 200 m freestyle relay team, alongside Yoshihiro Hamaguchi, Hiroshi Suzuki and Teijiro Tanikawa.
Goto was born in Fukuoka.
# 2014 South Seas Island Resort Women's Pro Classic

The 2014 South Seas Island Resort Women's Pro Classic was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the second edition of the tournament which was part of the 2014 ITF Women's Circuit, offering a total of $50,000 in prize money. It took place in Captiva Island, Florida, United States, on November 3–9, 2014.

## Singles entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| USA | Grace Min | 102 | 1 |
| SRB | Jovana Jakšić | 115 | 2 |
| USA | Anna Tatishvili | 117 | 3 |
| SUI | Romina Oprandi | 119 | 4 |
| AUS | Olivia Rogowska | 124 | 5 |
| POR | Michelle Larcher de Brito | 125 | 6 |
| USA | Irina Falconi | 132 | 7 |
| PAR | Verónica Cepede Royg | 139 | 8 |
* $^1$ Rankings as of October 27, 2014

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* CiCi Bellis
* Edina Gallovits-Hall
* Anne-Liz Jeukeng
* Bernarda Pera
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Kateryna Bondarenko
* Mayo Hibi
* Tatjana Maria
* Jasmine Paolini
The following player received entry into the singles main draw as a lucky loser:
* Beatriz Haddad Maia
The following players received entry with a special exempt:
* Jennifer Brady
* Maria Sanchez
The following player received entry with a protected ranking:
* Alexa Glatch

## Champions
### Singles

* Edina Gallovits-Hall def. Petra Martić 6–2, 6–2

### Doubles

* Gabriela Dabrowski / Anna Tatishvili def. Asia Muhammad / Maria Sanchez 6–3, 6–3
# 1718 in literature

This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1718.

## Events

* November 1 – Lady Mary Wortley Montagu writes the last of her Turkish Letters, addressed to Alexander Pope.
* November 18 – Voltaire's first play, Oedipus, premières at the Comédie-Française in Paris. This is his first use of the pseudonym. He has been released from the Bastille this year, while Marguerite De Launay, Baronne Staal, begins a two-year sentence.
* The Free-Thinker, a Whig newspaper, is founded by poet Ambrose Philips and Rev. Hugh Boulter in London.
* Laurence Eusden becomes Poet Laureate of England.
* Ludvig Holberg becomes a professor at the University of Copenhagen.

## New books
### Prose

* Nicholas Amhurst – Protestant Popery; or, The Convocation (part of the Bangorian Controversy)
* Daniel Defoe (attr.) – A Vindication of the Press
* Charles Gildon – The Complete Art of Poetry
* Mary Hearne – The Lover's Week
* Simon Ockley – The History of the Saracens, volume 2
* Ambrose Philips – The Free-Thinker (periodical)
* Allan Ramsay -Christ's Kirk on the Green (revised version)
* John Ray – Philosophical Letters
* John Strype – The Life and Acts of John Witgift
* John Toland – Nazarenus, or Jewish, Gentile and Mahometan Christianity
* John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester – Remains of the Earl of Rochester

### Drama

* Charles Beckingham – Scipio Africanus
* John Durant Breval – The Play is the Plot
* Christopher Bullock – The Traitor
* Susanna Centlivre – A Bold Stroke for a Wife
* Charles Molloy – The Coquet
* Richard Savage – Love in a Veil
* Elkanah Settle and Lewis Theobald – The Lady's Triumph
* Voltaire – Œdipe

### Poetry

* Joseph Addison
** Poems on Several Occasions
** The Resurrection
* Richardson Pack – Miscellanies in Verse and Prose
* Alexander Pope – The Iliad of Homer iv

## Births

* February 18
** Søren Abildgaard, Danish naturalist, author and artist (died 1791)
** Robert Henry, Scottish historian (died 1790)
* April 7 – Hugh Blair, Scottish rhetorician (died 1800)
* May 16 – Maria Gaetana Agnesi, Italian philosopher (died 1799)
* July 18 – Saverio Bettinelli, Italian Jesuit writer (died 1808)

## Deaths

* April 27 – Jacques Bernard, French theologian (born 1658)
* May 16 – Jonas Danilssønn Ramus, Norwegian historian (born 1649)
* May 22 – Gaspard Abeille, French lyric and tragic poet (born 1648)
* July 28 – Étienne Baluze, French scholar (born 1630)
* October 9 – Richard Cumberland, English philosopher and bishop (born 1631)
* December 6 – Nicholas Rowe, English dramatist (born 1674)
* December 9 – Vincenzo Coronelli Italian encyclopedist (born 1674)
# Delfín Quishpe

Delfín Quishpe Apugllón (born 4 December 1977), artistically known as Delfin Hasta el Fin (lit: Dolphin until the end) is an Ecuadorian singer-songwriter, celebrity, and politician, who gained famed performing a style he calls "Andean techno-folklore". His popularity largely came from the comical nature of his music. Quishpe's song "Torres Gemelas" (Twin Towers) remains the song that has received most attention. He was the mayor of his hometown, Guamote, from May 2019 to February 2023. In March 2021, he was arrested and later sentenced by the Ecuadorian Attorney General's Office, to 5 years in prison for influence peddling and corruption.

## Biography

Delfín Quishpe was born in a small town named San Antonio in Guamote, Ecuador, as the son of the merchant Anselmo Quishpe and Mercedes Apugllón. He is of indigenous Quechua descent.

## Career

In 2003, he recorded his second album, "El Gallito". It contained songs such as: "El Gallito Bandido", "El Delfincito", "Cuando Me Vaya", and "Cuaya Huay". A year later he created his first video, the aforementioned that was posted on Internet.
In 2006, "Torres Gemelas" (Twin Towers) was released. While the song is tragic in nature, the subject matter being Delfin losing a loved one in the terrorist attack of 9/11, the whimsical and kitschy nature of the song as well as the poor acting in the music video has made this song an internet meme.
In April 2010 Defín Quishpe released the song "En tus Tierras Bailaré", featuring the two Peruvian "YouTube stars" Wendy Sulca and Tigresa del Oriente. The song received attention in Latin American media and rapidly got more than one million hits in a few weeks. The song was later called a "Youtube We are the World" by Calle 13 singer Residente.

## Personal life

He has a wife, Rosario Urquiza Coro, and two children: Luis Rolando (2002–2018) and Alex Delfín (born 2004).