OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1685 in literature

This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1685.

## Events

* January 22 – Antoine Furetière is expelled from the Académie française for proposing to publish a complete dictionary of the French language himself.
* February – The death of King Charles II of England brings a major theatrical flop in the Restoration era: Albion and Albanius – an allegorical drama in praise of the king with a text by John Dryden and music by Louis Grabu – is in rehearsal at the time.
* June – A revised version of Albion and Albanius fails largely because it coincides with the invasion of the Duke of Monmouth.
* June – Parliament revives the Licensing of the Press Act 1662, limiting London printers.
* unknown date – The Fourth Folio of Shakespeare's works is published in London.

## New books
### Prose

* Scipion Abeille – Histoire des Os ("Description of the Bones")
* Aphra Behn – Love-Letters Between a Nobleman and His Sister
* Ihara Saikaku – Five Women Who Loved Love
* John Spencer – De Legibus Hebraeorum, Ritualibus et earum Rationibus libri tres

### Drama

* Jean Galbert de Campistron – Andronic
* John Crowne – Sir Courtly Nice
* Thomas d'Urfey
** The Banditti, or A Lady's Distress
** A Commonwealth of Women (adapted from The Sea Voyage)
* Nahum Tate
** The Cuckold's Haven (adaptation of Eastward Ho)
** A Duke and No Duke (adaptation of Sir Aston Cockayne's Trappolin Suppos'd a Prince)

## Births

* January 9 – Tiberius Hemsterhuis, Dutch critic (died 1766)
* March 12 – George Berkeley Irish philosopher and bishop (died 1753)
* June 30 – John Gay, English poet and dramatist (died 1732)

## Deaths

* March 18 – Francis Harold, Irish Franciscan historian (year of birth not known)
* c. April 14 – Thomas Otway, English dramatist (born 1652)
* April 29 – Luc d'Achery, French author of critical editions of medieval manuscripts (born 1609)
* June 16 – Anne Killigrew, English poet and painter (born 1660)
* June 17 – Andrew Allam, English historian (born 1655)
* July 1 – Nalan Xingde, Chinese ci poet (born 1655)
* September 25 – Jean Cabassut, French theologian (born 1604)
* October 23 – Yamaga Sokō (山鹿 素行), Japanese philosopher (born 1622)
* unknown date – Placido Puccinelli, Italian historian (born 1609)
# Koo Chang-mo

Koo Chang-mo (Korean: 구창모; born February 17, 1997) is a South Korean professional baseball pitcher for the NC Dinos of the KBO League. He was the KBO League MVP in May 2020.
# Battle of Castelfidardo

The Battle of Castelfidardo took place on 18 September 1860 at Castelfidardo, a small town in the Marche region of Italy. It was fought between the Royal Sardinian Army – acting as the driving force in the war for Italian unification, against the Papal States.

## Prologue

On 7 September, Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour, Prime Minister of Piedmont, sent an ultimatum to the Pope demanding that he dismiss his foreign troops. When he failed to do this, 35,000 troops crossed the border on 11 September, with General Enrico Cialdini advancing along the Adriatic coast and General Della Rocca leading another troop across Umbria. Papal troops were caught by surprise and thrown into confusion. Some of the Papal troops surrendered the same day and some retreated to Ancona which fell on 29 September 1860 after Siege of Ancona (1860) a short siege.

## Battle

The battle is remembered for being bloody, and for the highly disparate numbers of troops—fewer than 10,000 Papal soldiers to 39,000 Sardinians.

### Papal Army

The Papal army was composed of volunteers from many European countries, amongst whom the French and Belgian nationals constituted a Franco-Belgian battalion. Among the French volunteers were a notable number of nobles from western France: after the battle, whilst consulting the list of dead and wounded members of the Papal army, the Sardinian general Cialdini is reported to have said, in an example of black humor, "you would think this was a list of invites for a ball given by Louis XIV!"
The Franco-Belgian, Austrian and Irish battalions later joined the Papal Zouaves, an infantry regiment of international composition that pledged to aid Pope Pius IX in the protection of the Papacy for the remainder of the Italian unificationist Risorgimento.

## Military and political results

As a result of this battle, the Marche and Umbria entered the Kingdom of Italy and the Papal States were reduced to the area of what is today known as Lazio.

## Commemoration

The battle was commemorated by the Italian ironclad Castelfidardo, built in the 1860s and the 26th Bersaglieri Battalion "Castelfidardo".
# Dominik Meisel

Dominik Meisel (born 29 June 1999) is a German professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Regionalliga Bayern club Würzburger Kickers.
# 1999 Afghanistan earthquake

On February 11, 1999, an earthquake with a moderate magnitude of 6.0 and depth of 33.0 km struck Wardak and Logar provinces of south Kabul, Afghanistan.

## Damage

Due to harsh weather conditions and dispersed settlements, it was difficult to assess the damage in the worst hit region, which had a combined population of about 300,000 people. The most affected districts were Maidan Shar, Nirkh, and Sayedabad in Wardak, and Baraki Barak, Pul-e-Alam and Mohammad Agha in Logar. 70 people were killed 500 were injured, and 7,000 homes collapsed due to the quake. About 18,600 families were also affected. Many lives were saved due to foreshocks preceding the mainshock. The damage in the Wardak province is generally much severe than that of Logar. In the capital Kabul, damage such as collapsed mud walls and several injuries were also reported. Panic also spread across the city, as many people thought that they were being attacked by U.S. warplanes or missiles in the search for Osama bin Laden, who was based in Afghanistan.
# Gedania Gdańsk (volleyball)

Energa Gedania Gdańsk is a Polish women's volleyball club based in Gdańsk and won the Polish Championships in three occasions. Since the early 2010s only youth volleyball has become the club focus.

## Previous names

Due to sponsorship, the club have competed under the following names:
* Gedania Danzig (1922–1939)
* KKS Gedania Gdańsk (1945–2004)
* Energa Gedania Gdańsk (2004–2008)
* Gedania Żukowo (2008–2011)
* AWFiS Gedania Gdańsk (2011–2012)
* Energa Gedania Gdańsk (2012–2017)
* Gedania Gdańsk (2017–)

## History

The sports club Gedania Danzig was founded in 1922. The women's volleyball department was very successful during the early 1950s, winning Polish Championships in 1951, 1953, 1954 and was runner up in 1952. In the next three decades, the club spent more time in the second division and was relegated and promoted few times. It was only after promotion in 1987, that the club managed to play in the first division on a more regular basis, few promotions and relegations also occurred but this time the club spent more time in the first division. A second-place finish in the 1990–91 Championships ensured the club a place to play the 1991–92 CEV Cup. Following its last relegation from the first division in 2010, the club played in the I Liga in 2010–11 and due to financial issues made an agreement to swap places with AZS Politechnika Radom for the following season (moving to the II Liga, with AZS moving to I Liga).
Since it appeared in the II Liga of 2011–12, the club dissolved its senior team and have focused on its girls, youth and junior teams.

## Venue

From 2008 to 2011 the club played its home matches in the nearby town of Żukowo before moving to the Zespołu Szkół Energetycznych Hall in Gdańsk.

## Honours

Polish championships
* Winners: (2) 1953, 1954
* Runners-up: (2) 1952, 1991
# Margaret Sharp, Baroness Sharp of Guildford

Margaret Lucy Sharp, Baroness Sharp of Guildford (born 21 November 1938) is a former member of the House of Lords of the United Kingdom. She sat as a Liberal Democrat.

## Early life

She is the daughter of Osmund and Sydney Hailstone. She was educated at Tonbridge Grammar School and Newnham College, Cambridge where she gained a BA in 1960.

## Career

She had a successful career as an economist before entering the House of Lords. Sharp's work encompassed both academic and public service, starting in the civil service, followed by a long spell at the London School of Economics (LSE), a short spell back in public service with the National Economic Development Office in the late 1970s and, since the early 1980s, with the Science Policy Research Unit (SPRU) at the University of Sussex. She retired from the University of Sussex in 1999 but retains a visiting fellowship.
Sharp's political career began in the early 1980s when she joined the newly formed Social Democratic Party (SDP) and was selected to stand in Guildford in the 1983 general election. She fought three further elections in Guildford for the SDP and then the Liberal Democrats, gradually squeezing a 20,000 majority down to 4,500 and preparing the way for Liberal Democrat Sue Doughty's victory in the 2001 election.
On the national scene she has played an active part in policy making, chairing a number of policy working groups and for several years being vice-chair to Paddy Ashdown on the Party's main policy committee.
As leader of higher and further education policy group, who produced the paper 'Quality, Diversity and Choice' which is now party policy, Sharp was widely attributed as masterminding the Liberal Democrat's rejection of top-up fees, which contributed to the party's success in taking a number of university seats at the 2005 general election.
She is a member of the Advisory Council for the Campaign for Science and Engineering.

## House of Lords

She was created a Life peer as Baroness Sharp of Guildford, of Guildford in the County of Surrey on 1 August 1998, and spoke for her party on issues of education, science, and technology in the House of Lords. She retired from the House on 31 July 2016.

## Personal life

She married Thomas Sharp CBE in 1962. He has been a Lib Dem councillor on Surrey County Council and Guildford Borough Council.
# English ship St Andrew (1622)

St Andrew, also known as Andrew, was a 42-gun great ship of the Royal Navy (subsequently second rate), built by Andrew Burrell at Deptford and launched in 1622.
The ship first saw action as part of the expeditionary force to Cádiz in 1625, and was taken over by Parliament when the First English Civil War began in August 1642. Known as Andrew until the 1660 Stuart Restoration, most of her service during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms was spent supporting coastal operations. These included an attack on Pendennis Castle, one of the last Royalist holdouts in Cornwall; in a letter dated 30 June 1646, Sir William Batten, its Parliamentarian captain, wrote to his superior that
   Sir, I believe the castle of Pendennis will not be long out of our hands; a dogger boat with four guns I have taken, whereof one Kedgwin of Penzant was captain, a notable active knave against the Parliament, and had the King's commission; and now would fain be a merchant man, and was balasted with salt and had divers letters in her for Pendennis castle...
After taking part in the First Anglo-Dutch War and being severely damaged during the Second, she was refitted and her armament upgraded to 66 guns. On 3 September 1666, she was driven ashore by a storm near Rye, East Sussex; it was decided repairs would be too expensive and two months later she was stripped of her fittings and broken up.
# Bosom of Abraham (song)

"Rock O' My Soul", also known as "Rock My Soul", "Bosom of Abraham" or "Rocka My Soul", is a traditional African American spiritual. It was first documented by William Francis Allen, in the 1867 collection Slave Songs of the United States. Allen attributed the origin of the song to the state of Virginia and documented the following lyrics:
   Rock o' my soul in de bosom of Abraham,  Rock o' my soul in de bosom of Abraham,  Rock o' my soul in de bosom of Abraham,  Lord, Rock o' my soul. (King Jesus)
One of the earliest recorded version was made in 1937 by the Heavenly Gospel Singers. Notable artists who have recorded the song include the Jordanaires, Louis Armstrong, Lonnie Donegan, Peter Paul & Mary and Elvis Presley.
Alvin Ailey made "Rocka My Soul in the Bosom of Abraham" the music for the triumphant finale of his internationally known choreography Revelations, which was born out of the choreographer's "blood memories" of his childhood in rural Texas and attending the Baptist Church with his mother. It was also performed as a tribute at his 1989 funeral at the Cathedral of St. John the Divine. Israeli dancer and choreographer Nadav Zelner used "Rocka My Soul in the Bosom of Abraham" as music for a clip for his student dance troupe.
# Coal Bowl (basketball tournament)

The Coal Bowl Classic is a national invitational male/female high school basketball tournament, which is held at Breton Education Centre in New Waterford, Nova Scotia, Canada. The first tournament was held in 1982 with Queen Elizabeth High School of Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada winning the cup. A major facilitating factor is that all team members are housed within one wing of the school. Breton Education Centre is a combined middle school and high school which opened in 1970.
The tournament, first held in 1982, takes its name from the former primary industry of New Waterford, coal mining. Coal mining employed thousands of men and was the main industry on the Island for over 100 years. All the mines on the island were closed in the 1980s and 90s. However Kameron Coal Ltd opened a coal mine in Donkin ( just outside Glace Bay) in 2017.
The tournament held in February in the year of 2020 will be the Coal Bowl Classic's 38th year.
# Staraoke

Staraoke is a Finnish children's game show based on karaoke, which aired on Boomerang in Europe. The show was created by Intervisio and was broadcast on MTV3 and MTV3 Juniori from 2003 to 2011. In 2008, Staraoke won an International Interactive Emmy Award for Best Interactive Programming, the first Finnish show to win an Emmy.
The show consists of contestants, aged 8 to 13, who use their voice to maneuver a game character. Singing in tune allows the character to stay on track, resulting in a higher score, while singing off-key causes the character to stumble, resulting in fewer points.
The show's format began to be sold in Europe in 2006. The first two countries to create their own Staraoke versions were Hungary and Sweden, airing on Minimax and MTV, respectively. In 2009, the show was also sold to England, Germany, France, Italy, Spain, and Poland through the Cartoon Network.
A Staraoke game for iPhone and iPad was published in 2010.

## Staraoke in Europe

| Country | TV channel | Host(s) | Release year |
| Finland | MTV3 and MTV Juniori | Kana | 2003–2011 |
| France | Cartoon Network (France) | Angie Doll and Mathieu Boldron | 2009 |
| Germany | Cartoon Network (Germany) | Bahar Kizil and Jan Köppen | 2009 |
| Hungary | Minimax | Patrícia Virág and Noémi Virág | 2006–2007 |
| Italy | Cartoon Network (Italy) | Carolina Benvenga and Andrea Dianetti | 2009 |
| Poland | Cartoon Network (Poland) | Zosia Zborowska and Marcin Mroziński | 2009 |
| Spain | Cartoon Network (Spain) | Vicky Gómez (credited as "Vicky Alonso"), and Alex Montero | 2009 |
| Sweden | MTV | Malin Gramer | 2006–2008 |
| United Kingdom | Cartoon Network UK | Laura Hamilton and Nigel Clarke | 2009 |
# Ashcombe Mill, Kingston

Ashcombe Mill was a post mill near the village of Kingston near Lewes, East Sussex, England. It was built in 1828 on Kingston ridge to the east of the village, probably by the millwright Samuel Medhurst of Lewes, who was responsible for building several other windmills in the area. That original mill was destroyed during a gale in 1916.
In 2007 planning permission was granted to Sussex Mills Group to reconstruct a facsimile of the original mill as residential accommodation on the same site on condition that the new building would be environmentally friendly and be used to generate electricity for the National Grid. It is planned, nevertheless, to furnish the mill with one pair of grindstones. The surplus electricity will be equal to the consumption of three houses.
A steel frame was constructed in early 2009 and the wooden cladding attached later in the year. By the end of 2010 the tailpole and rear steps had been fixed, the whole structure painted white and the mill turned on its axis for the first time.
# Flotylla Gdańsk

KS Flotylla Gdańsk was a football team based in Gdańsk, Poland. Located in the Letnica area of Gdańsk Flotylla used the facilities and stadium of MRKS Gdańsk, who had only just dissolved prior to Flotylla's formation. The club went on to enjoy two successful seasons leading to Flotylla becoming Gdańsk's highest ranking football club. This success saw them being involved in a merger with Gedania, which ultimately led to the club being dissolved. The rise and fall of Flotylla all happened within the space of 24 months.

## History

The company for Klub Sportowy Flotylla itself was founded on 3 July 2001, however Flotylla did play its first game in the 2000–01 Pomeranian Polish Cup losing 3–0 to Blyskawica Reda-Rekowo Dolne. The club were part of a league ready for the 2001–02 season, entering the Gdansk District League (group I), and went on to win promotion from the league finishing as champions in the clubs first full season. After securing promotion to the IV liga, Flotylla found themselves as the highest ranking club in the city of Gdańsk, despite the city having teams such as Lechia Gdańsk, Polonia Gdańsk, and Gedania Gdańsk. For the clubs first season in the IV liga they received new sponsorship, being sponsored by the Gdynia based company Nordcoop. As a result of this title sponsor the club were known for the season as Nordcoop Flotylla Gdańsk, or simply, Nordcoop Gdańsk. Flotylla's second season was almost as successful as their first, with the club finishing as runners-up in the IV liga. At the end of the 2002–03 season Flotylla were involved in a merger with Gedania Gdańsk, with Gedania absorbing Flotylla's players and taking the clubs position in the IV liga, resulting in Flotylla being dissolved as a football club.

## Honours

IV Liga
* Runners-up: 2002–03
District League (Gdańsk I)
* Winners: 2001–02
# Deborah Stedman-Scott, Baroness Stedman-Scott

Deborah Stedman-Scott, Baroness Stedman-Scott, OBE, DL, FRSA (born 23 November 1955) is a Conservative member of the House of Lords and the former Chief Executive Officer of Tomorrow's People Trust. She had served as Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Work and Pensions from 2019 until 2023.

## Early life and education

Born in Paddington, London, she is the daughter of Jack and Doreen Margaret Scott and was educated at Ensham Secondary School for Girls, Southwark Technical College and the Salvation Army Training College.

## Career

Stedman-Scott has worked for National Westminster Bank 1972–1976, for the Salvation Army 1978–83 and for Tunbridge Wells Chamber of Commerce 1983–84. She joined Tomorrow's People Trust in 1984, a charity working with unemployed people. She held various roles there, rising through the ranks to become Chief Executive from 2005 to 2015. The UK Charity Awards 2005 named her Charity Principal of the Year.
She was appointed a Deputy Lieutenant for East Sussex in 2007 and an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2008 New Year Honours.
On 12 July 2010, Stedman-Scott was created a life peer as Baroness Stedman-Scott, of Rolvenden in the County of Kent. She was appointed to be a government whip (Baroness-in-Waiting) on 27 October 2017.
On 30 July 2019, Stedman-Scott was appointed Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Work and Pensions in the first Johnson ministry. On 17 September 2021, she took on additional responsibility as Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Women at the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office, in the second cabinet reshuffle of the second Johnson ministry.
She is also a Trustee of New Devon Opera and New Philanthropy Capital.

## Personal life

She entered into a civil partnership with Gabrielle Joy Stedman-Scott in 2006.
# Wilhelm Leichum

Wilhelm Leichum (12 May 1911, Neu-Isenburg, Grand Duchy of Hesse – 19 July 1941, Gorky) was a German athlete who competed mainly in the long jump and 100 metres.
Leichum was born in Hesse. He competed for Germany in the 1936 Summer Olympics held in Berlin, Germany in the 4 x 100 metre relay where he won the bronze medal with his team mates Erich Borchmeyer, Erwin Gillmeister and Gerd Hornberger. He was also 4th in the long jump. He was European Champion in the long jump both in 1934 and 1938.
He was killed in action during World War II in 1941, July 19.
# 2015–16 County Antrim Shield

The 2015–16 County Antrim Shield was the 127th edition of the County Antrim Shield, a cup competition in Northern Irish football.
Ballymena United won the tournament for the 6th time, defeating Linfield 3–2 in the final.

## Results
### First round

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| Ards | 3–2 | PSNI |
| Ballyclare Comrades | 1–3 | Cliftonville |
| Ballymena United | 5–0 | Glebe Rangers |
| Bangor | 1–1 (a.e.t.) (2–4 p) | Carrick Rangers |
| Donegal Celtic | 1–2 | Crusaders |
| Glentoran | 0–0 (a.e.t.) (3–4 p) | Harland & Wolff Welders |
| Larne | 3–0 | Sport & Leisure Swifts |
| Linfield | 1–0 | Newington Youth |

### Quarter-finals

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| Ards | 1–2 | Larne |
| Carrick Rangers | 3–2 | Harland & Wolff Welders |
| Crusaders | 0–2 | Ballymena United |
| Linfield | 3–1 (a.e.t.) | Cliftonville |

### Semi-finals

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| Larne | 2–3 (a.e.t.) | Ballymena United |
| Linfield | 2–0 | Carick Rangers |
# Markell Carter

Markell Carter (born July 29, 1989) is an American former professional football linebacker. He was selected by the New England Patriots in the sixth round of the 2011 NFL draft.

## Early life

Markell was born in Bartlesville, Oklahoma, on July 29, 1989, and later graduated from Bartlesville High School. He then attended Central Arkansas and played football for the UCA Bears.

## Professional career

Pre-draft measurables :
| Height | Weight | 40-yard dash | 10-yard split | 20-yard split | 20-yard shuttle | Three-cone drill | Vertical jump | Broad jump | Bench press |
| 6 ft 4+3⁄8 in (1.94 m) | 252 lb (114 kg) | 4.70 s | 1.71 s | 2.74 s | 4.45 s | 7.43 s | 35+1⁄2 in (0.90 m) | 10 ft 1 in (3.07 m) | 17 reps |
| All values from NFL Draft Scout ||||||||||

### New England Patriots

After the 2011 NFL Lockout, Carter finally signed with the Patriots and reported to training camp as one of the first two rookies to sign with the team along with tight end Lee Smith. He was released during final cuts but almost immediately re-signed to the practice squad. He was again released on June 7, 2012.

### Calgary Stampeders

Carter signed with the Calgary Stampeders on March 11, 2013. In June, 2013, the Stampeders released Carter before training camp opened.

### Orlando Predators (first stint)

Carter was assigned to the Orlando Predators of the Arena Football League on July 25, 2013. He was with the Predators during their playoff game, but did not play. After the season, his contract expired making him a free agent.

### Pittsburgh Power

Carter was assigned to the Pittsburgh Power on October 24, 2013.

### Orlando Predators (second stint)

On February 6, 2014, Carter was traded to the Predators, along with Ben Ossai, for Prechae Rodriguez.

### Colorado Ice

On March 12, 2014, Carter signed with the Colorado Ice of the Indoor Football League.

### Montreal Alouettes

Carter was signed by the Montreal Alouettes on March 11, 2015. He spent the 2015 season on the injured list and practice roster. He re-signed with the Alouettes on February 15, 2016.
# Corticium theae

Corticium theae is fungus that is a plant pathogen.