OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Robert Thorburn (painter)

Robert Thorburn, ARA (1818–1885) was a Scottish miniature-painter and associate of the Royal Academy.

## Life

Robert Thorburn, born at Dumfries in March 1818, was the son of a tradesman. He received his early education at Dumfries High School. He soon developed a love of art, and, owing to the kindness of a neighbouring lady, was at the age of fifteen sent to Edinburgh to draw at the Academy, where he made rapid progress and gained distinction. About three years later he came to London and entered the classes of the Royal Academy. As a native of Dumfries he enjoyed the special patronage of the Duke of Buccleuch, whereby he obtained many commissions.
Thorburn's success as a miniature-painter was soon secured, and for many years he shared the patronage of fashionable society with Sir William Charles Ross. In 1846 he received his first commission from Queen Victoria; many followed. Miniature-portraits of the Queen, and of the queen with Edward VII, when Prince of Wales, are reproduced in Sir R. R. Holmes's Queen Victoria (1897).
Thorburn's miniatures were of a larger size than usual, showing more of the figure and often accompanied by a landscape background. They are painted on large pieces of ivory, sometimes on pieces joined together. Their extreme finish produces a sense of monotony and flatness where the colours have lost their freshness. They were, however, very much admired at the time of their production, and at the Paris International Exhibition of 1855 Thorburn was awarded a gold medal. One of his most widely known miniatures is that of the Duchess of Manchester, a reproduction of which is given in J. J. Foster's British Miniature Painters (1898). The same work contains a portrait of Thorburn from a miniature by himself and a list of Thorburn's principal sitters, comprising most of the beautiful ladies of the time.
Thorburn was elected an associate of the Royal Academy in 1848. When photography began to supersede miniature painting, he took to oil-painting, and exhibited portraits and other subjects at the Royal Academy exhibitions with moderate success. He had a house at Lasswade, near Edinburgh, but died at Tunbridge Wells on 3 November 1885 in his sixty-eighth year, having quite outlived the great reputation of his earlier years.

## Gallery

* Juliana Pole-Carew, Lady Robartes (1839)
* Charlotte Mary Hood, Baroness Bridport (c. 1840–45)
* The Duchess of Buccleuch and her daughter Lady Victoria (1847)
* The Duke of Wellington (c. 1840–52)
* Prince Albert and Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (1851)
* Mrs Georgina Maria Grenfell (Date unknown)
# Patrick Klas

Patrick Klas (born 22 November 1975) is a Dutch judoka. He competed in the men's half-middleweight event at the 1996 Summer Olympics.
# Ernest van Loon

Ernest van Loon (2 February 1921 – 26 June 2009) was a Dutch equestrian. He competed at the 1948 Summer Olympics and the 1952 Summer Olympics.
# Fred Hemmes Jr.

Fred Hemmes Jr. (born 28 January 1981) is a former professional tennis player from the Netherlands and coach of Kim Clijsters from 2020 to 2022. He is the son of Fred Hemmes Sr., a tennis player who competed at Wimbledon.

## Career

Hemmes played mostly on the Challenger circuit, where he won six doubles titles.
The Dutchman had a win over Andrei Pavel, a former top 20 player, to qualify for the 2004 Heineken Open. He then defeated Robin Söderling in the opening round of the main draw.
A doubles specialist, Hemmes and partner Dennis van Scheppingen paired together to reach quarter-finals at the 2003 Ordina Open and 2004 Dutch Open.

## Challenger titles
### Doubles: (6)

| No. | Year | Tournament | Surface | Partner | Opponents in the final | Score in the final |
| 1. | 2002 | Kyiv, Ukraine | Clay | Federico Browne | Irakli Labadze Yuri Schukin | 6–4, 6–3 |
| 2. | 2003 | Montauban, France | Clay | Rogier Wassen | Juan Pablo Guzmán Ignacio Hirigoyen | 6–4, 6–4 |
| 3. | 2003 | Scheveningen, Netherlands | Clay | Edwin Kempes | Óscar Hernández Salvador Navarro | 3–6, 6–4, 6–3 |
| 4. | 2004 | Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam | Hard | Rik de Voest | Vadim Kutsenko Yuri Schukin | 6–3, 6–3 |
| 5. | 2004 | Kyoto, Japan | Carpet | Rik de Voest | Yen-Hsun Lu Jason Marshall | 6–3, 6–7$^{(8–10)}$, 6–4 |
| 6. | 2004 | Hilversum, Netherlands | Clay | Melle van Gemerden | Attila Sávolt Gabriel Trifu | 7–6$^{(7–3)}$, 7–6$^{(7–3)}$ |
# Section 147 of Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita

Section 147-158 of Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita describes offences of treason against the "democratically elected Government of India". It replaces Section 124A of the Indian Penal Code offence of sedition with the offence of treason. The words "excites or attempts to excite disaffection towards, the Government established by law in India" has been replaced with "Whoever wages war against the Government of India, or attempts to wage such war, or abets the waging of such war"

## Provisions
### Section 147

Section 147 of Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, states:
   Whoever wages war against the Government of India, or attempts to wage such war, or abets the waging of such war, shall be punished with death, or imprisonment for life and shall also be liable to fine.
The words "excites or attempts to excite disaffection towards, the Government established by law in India" have been included, instead of the original provision of Section 124A of Indian Penal Code "excites or attempts to excite disaffection towards, the Government established by law in India". Current Home Minister Amit Shah said "Instead of Rajdroh, we have introduced Deshdroh. We are a free country now. Nobody will have to go to jail for criticising individuals. But no one can speak against the country. I believe those who speak against the country should go to jail." He also added "We have talked about intent also behind the Deshdroh offence. What was the intent behind saying or doing anything under this provision is important to look at. Whether the intent is to act against the country or the criticism of the government. Criticism of the Government is not an offence."

### Section 152

Section 152 of Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, states:
   Whoever, purposely or knowingly, by words, either spoken or written, or by signs, or by visible representation, or by electronic communication or by use of financial mean, or otherwise, excites or attempts to excite, secession or armed rebellion or subversive activities, or encourages feelings of separatist activities or endangers sovereignty or unity and integrity of India; or indulges in or commits any such act shall be punished with imprisonment for life or with imprisonment which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine.
This section lays down punishment for person who "excites or attempts to excite" armed rebellion, subversive activities, separatist activities or endangers sovereignty, unity and integrity of India. This section of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita act has been criticized for being too vague as the term "subversive activities" is not defined anywhere in the act itself.
# Harry de Keijser

Harry de Keijser (11 September 1900 – 2 January 1995) was a Dutch athlete. He competed in three events at the 1924 Summer Olympics.
# Leon van den Eijkel

Leon van den Eijkel (15 October 1940 – 15 April 2021) was a Dutch-born New Zealand artist who studied at The Hague's Royal Academy of Art from 1958 to 1963, and emigrated to New Zealand in 1986. Van den Eijkel exhibited widely in Europe, the United States, and New Zealand, and is represented in many major public and private collections.

## Biography

Van den Eijkel was born in The Hague on 15 October 1940. He studied at the Royal Academy of Arts, The Hague, from 1958 to 1963. He moved to Leiden in 1967, and emigrated to New Zealand in 1986. He first settled in Wellington, remaining there until 1998, before moving to Auckland, where he lived for the rest of his life. Van den Eijkel died on 15 April 2021, aged 80.

## Style

His use of colour has been heavily influenced by the works of Mondrian which he saw as a child in his native Netherlands. After moving to New Zealand and visiting the kauri forests he was inspired to produce a series of works based on urban trees which culminated in the Urban Forest sculpture in Wellington. This work has the size and heft of a kauri tree trunk combined with his trademark primary colours. He collaborated on this work and other large fabricated steel pieces with the engineer Alan Brown and the team at Metal Art Ltd.

## Public collections

He is represented in major international collections including:
* Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam
* Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, Rotterdam
* Museum van Hedendaagse Kunst, Ghent
* Museum of Modern Art, New York
* Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington

## Notable works

* Mondrian after Mondriaan shown both at Galerir Stelling, Leiden (1993) and Museum of New Zealand (1995)
* Red Cloud Confrontation in Landscape (1996) – Gibbs Farm, Kaipara Harbour, New Zealand.
* The Black Paintings (1997) New work Studio, Wellington New Zealand
* Tourism on the Line (1998) - Galerie Y-burg, Amsterdam
* The Long Cloud Paintings (1999) Archill Gallery, Auckland, New Zealand
* A Walk in the Clouds (2004) – New Zealand Embassy, The Hague, Netherlands
* Light of Colour (2005) – Brian R Richards Ltd, Auckland New Zealand
* Urban Forest (2007) – Cobham Drive, Wellington, New Zealand
* The Smiling Windmills (2008) – Avalon Park, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
* Cross(Road) (2009) – Sculpture on the Gulf, Waiheke Island, New Zealand
* The Remembrance Windmill (2009) Sculpture by the Sea, Bondi Beach, Sydney, Australia
* The Next Big Family Series (2009) Plantage Galerie, Leiden, The Netherlands
* Towards Photography (2011) Toi Gallery, Waiheke Island, Auckland NZ
* Colour Coding (2012) New paintings and works on paper. Bowen Galleries, Wellington NZ
* Baubles (2013) Brick Bay Sculpture Trail, Warkworth, New Zealand
* The Playing Windmills (2014) Hobsonville Point Primary School, Auckland New Zealand
* The Geometric Totem Pole (2017) Brick Bay Sculpture Trail, Warkworth, New Zealand..
# Today I Started Loving You Again

"Today I Started Loving You Again" is a 1968 song written by Merle Haggard and Bonnie Owens. Haggard first recorded it as a B-side to his number 1 hit, "The Legend of Bonnie and Clyde", but it failed to chart. It also appears on his 1968 album, The Legend of Bonnie & Clyde. The song was later recorded by Al Martino in 1969, followed by many other artists, including Waylon Jennings 1968, Conway Twitty 1968, Gene Summers 1980, Charlie McCoy 1972, David Peters, Jerry Lee Lewis 1968, Kenny Rogers and the First Edition 1972, Bettye Swann 1969, Connie Smith 1969, Barbara Mandrell 1974, Sammi Smith 1975, Bobby Bland 1975, Emmylou Harris 1986, Skeeter Davis 1970 and Dolly Parton 1996. More recently it was recorded by Jeff Carson and Merle Haggard for Carson's 1997 album, Butterfly Kisses.

## Chart peaks
### Al Martino

| Chart (1969) | Peak position |
| US Billboard Hot 100 Singles | 86 |
| US Billboard Adult Contemporary | 19 |
| US Billboard Hot Country Singles | 69 |
| Canada RPM Top Tracks | 44 |
| Canada RPM Adult Contemporary | 21 |

### Charlie McCoy

| Chart (1972) | Peak position |
| US Billboard Hot Country Singles | 16 |
| Canada RPM Country Singles | 13 |

### David Peters

| Chart (1973) | Peak position |
| Canada RPM Country Singles | 75 |
| Canada RPM Adult Contemporary | 83 |

### Kenny Rogers and the First Edition

| Chart (1973) | Peak position |
| US Billboard Hot Country Singles | 69 |

### Bettye Swann

| Chart (1975) | Peak position |
| US Billboard Hot 100 Singles | 46 |
| US Billboard R&B Singles | 26 |

### Sammi Smith

| Chart (1975) | Peak position |
| US Billboard Hot Country Singles | 9 |

### Bobby Bland

| Chart (1976) | Peak position |
| US Billboard Bubbling Under-Hot Singles | 3 |
| US Billboard R&B Singles | 34 |

### Emmylou Harris

| Chart (1986) | Peak position |
| US Billboard Hot Country Singles | 43 |
| Canada RPM Country Singles | 49 |
# ROKS Cheonan (FFG-826)

ROKS Cheonan (FFG-826) is the seventh ship of the Daegu-class frigate in the Republic of Korea Navy. She is named after the city, Cheonan.

## Development

The Daegu class is an improved variant of the Incheon-class frigate. Modifications to the Incheon class include a TB-250K towed array sonar system and a 16-cell Korean Vertical Launching System (K-VLS) that is able to deploy the K-SAAM, Hong Sang Eo anti-submarine missile, and Haeryong tactical land attack cruise missiles.
The hull design is generally based on the one of the Incheon class. However, as a part of weapon system modifications, the superstructure has been significantly changed. The hangar and a helicopter deck over the stern has been enlarged to support the operation of a 10-ton helicopter.

## Construction and career

Cheonan was built by Hyundai Heavy Industries at its Ulsan shipyard and launched on 9 November 2021. Cheonan was commissioned on 19 May 2023.
On 22 January 2024, Commander Park Yeon-soo, who had served as the operations officer on ROKS Cheonan (PCC-772) when it was sunk by a North Korean torpedo on 26 March 2010, took command of the new Cheonan.
# Robert K. Webb

Robert Kiefer Webb (November 23, 1922 – February 15, 2012) was an American historian.
Webb was educated at Oberlin College, taking his AB summa cum laude in 1947. He served in the United States Army Artillery during World War II, rising to master sergeant. In 1951, he received a PhD from Columbia University. In his historical works, Webb focused on Britain's avoidance of revolution during the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, as well as religious dissent.
In 1965, he translated Élie Halévy's Era of Tyrannies: Essays on Socialism and War into English. In 1992, he was honored with a festschrift, Religion and Irreligion in Victorian Society: Essays in Honor of R. K. Webb edited by R.W. Davis and R.J. Helmstadter.
In 1995, he was elected an Honorary Fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities as "the leading ally of Australian historians and the main proponent of Australian historical scholarship in the United States and, indeed, in Great Britain. His authority, integrity, great personal charm and wide acquaintance make him a powerful advocate for Australia in American and British scholarly circles."
Webb was survived by his wife Patty Webb, their daughters Emily Martin and Margaret Pressler, and six grandchildren.

## Works

* The British Working Class Reader, 1790–1848: Literacy and Social Tension (1955).
* Harriet Martineau: A Radical Victorian (1960).
* Halévy, Élie (1965). The Era of Tyrannies. Essays on Socialism and War. Translated by Robert K. Webb. With a note by Fritz Stern. New York and London: Doubleday and Allen Lane – via Internet Archive.
* Modern England (1968).
* (with Peter Gay), Modern Europe since 1815 (1980).
# Petřvald (Nový Jičín District)

Petřvald (German: Gross Peterswald) is a municipality and village in Nový Jičín District in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,700 inhabitants.

## Administrative division

Petřvald consists of two municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
* Petřvald 1-Petřvald (1,398)
* Petřvald 2-Petřvaldík (252)

## History

The first written mention of Petřvald is from 1267.
# .ml

.ml is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Mali.

## History

The domain was initially managed by Sotelma, a Malian telecommunications company. After Sotelma was privatised in 2009, the .ml zone was redelegated by IANA to the Agence des Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication (AGETIC), a Malian government agency, and the process completed in 2013. The agency then announced that it would give away .ml domains for free in partnership with Freenom with a view to improve the usage and the knowledge of the IT industry in Mali. It was the first African nation to start giving away domains for free. The ten-year contract with Freenom expired on 17 July 2023. Since then the registry is operated by AGETIC itself and the free domain offer was discontinued. All paid Freenom .ml domains were migrated to the new system.

## Second-level domains

Registrations are possible at the second level and at the third level beneath these names:
* .com.ml: Companies
* .net.ml: Internet providers
* .org.ml: Associations (must show registration); international organizations permitted, but must be registered with the local administration
* .edu.ml: Local schools
* .presse.ml: Local press
* .gov.ml: Governmental organisations
Domain names of between one and three characters are considered premium domain names with a higher price.

## Military emails

Employees for the United States Armed Forces regularly misspell emails—suffixed with the .mil TLD—with .ml. In 2013, Dutch internet entrepreneur Johannes Zuurbier took on the .ml TLD. He attempted to contact the United States government about classified information being sent to army.ml and navy.ml in 2014 through Dutch diplomats. The contents of these emails include crew and staff lists, maps and photos of installations, naval inspection reports, and passwords. Emails that were sent to the .ml TLD include the travel itinerary of chief of staff James McConville on a trip to Indonesia in 2023, information about Kurdistan Workers' Party efforts in the United States, and Australian Department of Defence documents detailing issues with Australian F-35s. On 17 July 2023, Zuurbier's contract expired and control was reverted back to the Malian government.
# Kees Kievit

Cornelis Marinus "Kees" Kievit (5 June 1931 – 29 July 2020) was a Dutch swimmer who won a silver medal in the 100 m backstroke event at the 1950 European Aquatics Championships. He also participated in the 1948 Summer Olympics but did not reach the finals. Between 1948 and 1951 he was 4 times national champion and set 12 national records in the 100 m and 200 m backstroke events.
# Odd Modern

Odd Modern is an American indietronica band from Pasadena, California, United States. Formed in 2006, Odd Modern is composed of vocalist/keyboardist Vanina Alfaro and drummer/vocalist Girardeau Berdin. After meeting on Craigslist, the duo recorded and independently released their first album, Caspian Sea SICK, and their music video for "Rach ENROLL (rach like maninoff)" directed by Viktor Skorikov.
Their later works include The PE EP (2007), Odd Mode EP (2008), Sweet Release EP (2009) and the ungreatful gatsby EP (2011). In 2010, they released their latest album Contrary To Popular Belief. which spawned a video for the title track featuring Steve-O. The video was recently featured on the MuchMusic New.Music.Live program.
"Flapping Mouth" from the Odd Mode EP is used in a promo for Steve-O's Professional Idiot: A Memoir. The band was named one of LA Music Blog's "Top Ten LA Acts You Might Not Know" in 2011.

## Discography
### EPs

* The PE EP (2007)
* Odd Mode EP (2008)
* Sweet Release EP (2009)
* the ungreatful gatsby EP (2011)

### Albums

* Caspian Sea SICK (2006)
* Contrary To Popular Belief. (2010)
# Voivodeship road 112

Voivodeship Road 112 (Polish: Droga wojewódzka nr 112, abbreviated DW 112) is a route in the Polish voivodeship roads network. The route links the S6 expressway in Wicimice with the S11 expressway in Koszalin along an old routing of national road 6.

## Previous route

Between 2000 and 2014, DW 112 originally ran from Stepnica to Modrzewie. This became a portion of DW 111 on 1 January 2015.

## Important settlements along the route

* Wicimice
* Karlino
* Biesiekierz
* Stare Bielice

## Route plan

| km | Name | Crossed roads |
| x | Level crossing in Stepnica | — |
| 15 | Modrzewie | |
| x | Święta | — |
| x | Maszewo | — |
# Manifest für Frieden

The Manifest für Frieden (lit. 'Manifesto for peace') is a German manifesto and an online petition against Germany's arms deliveries to Ukraine and in favour of peace negotiations in the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

## Background

Directed to the Chancellor Olaf Scholz, it was written by Sahra Wagenknecht, a politician for The Left, and Alice Schwarzer, publisher of the feminist magazine EMMA, and launched on 10 February 2023.
The petition quickly reached several hundred thousands signatures, was accompanied by the demonstration Aufstand für Frieden that drew around 13,000 people to the Brandenburg Gate on 25 February 2023, and caused intense debate in the German media. People from mainstream media and political parties accused Wagenknecht and Schwarzer of repeating Russian propaganda and of not sufficiently disavowing right-wing populists who also oppose the arms deliveries.
# Raheste

Raheste is a village in Lääneranna Parish, Pärnu County, in southwestern Estonia. It has a population of 45 (as of 1 January 2011).
# Bundesautobahn 480

Bundesautobahn 480 (translates from German as Federal Motorway 480, short form Autobahn 480, abbreviated as BAB 480 or A 480) is an Autobahn in Germany connecting Gießen and Wetzlar. It is part of the abandoned A 48 planning.

## Exit list

| (1) | Aßlar B 277 |
| | Dillbrücke 260 m |
| (2) | Wetzlarer Kreuz A 45 E41 |
| (-) | Blasbach (provisorisch) |
| | Heuchelheim / Biebertal (planned) |
| (3) | Wettenberg B 429 E40 E44 |
| | Rest area Silbersee/Gleiberger Land |
| | Lahnbrücke 370 m |
| (4) | Gießener Nordkreuz A 485 |
| | Staßenbrücke 140 m |
| | Krebsbachtalbrücke 680 m |
| (5) | Reiskirchener Dreieck A 5 E40 E451 |
# Rame, Estonia

Rame is a village in Lääneranna Parish, Pärnu County, in western Estonia.
# Dalian Development Area station

Dalian Development Area is a station on Line 3 of the Dalian Metro in Liaoning Province, China. It is located in the Jinzhou District of Dalian City.
# Tarrant Anderson

Tarrant Anderson is an English musician, currently serving as the bass player for Frank Turner's live and studio band, The Sleeping Souls and is a member of the British rock band Dive Dive. He was previously a member of the British punk band Dustball and is based in Oxford, England. Anderson is a Laney endorsed artist. He is also a director of the tour bus hire company Vans For Bands Ltd. Frank Turner and The Sleeping Souls won Best Live Act at the Association of Independent Music Awards in 2011 and headlined London's Wembley Arena in April 2012. In July 2012 Frank Turner and The Sleeping Souls played at the Opening Ceremony of the Olympic Games in London. Anderson studied politics at the University of Reading and an MPhil. in Politics at the University of Oxford.

## Discography
### Dustball
#### Albums and EPs

* Egg Man Like Your Head (EP) (1997)
* Quality But Hers (1998)
* Sounds All Wrong (EP) (2002)

#### Singles

* "Senor Nachos" (1997)
* "Like Monkeys Do" (1999)

### Dive Dive
#### Albums and EPs

* Tilting at Windmills (2005)
* Revenge of the Mechanical Dog (2007)
* Liar (EP) (2010)
* Potential (2011)

#### Singles

* "Good Show" (2004)
* "555 for Film Stars" UK Indie #6 (2005)
* "The Sorry Suitor" UK Indie #10 (2005)
* "The Game" (2007)

### Frank Turner
#### Albums and EPs

* Campfire Punkrock (EP) (2006)
* Poetry of the Deed (2009)
* iTunes Festival: London 2010 (EP) (2010)
* Rock & Roll (EP) (2010)
* England Keep My Bones (2011)
* Tape Deck Heart (2013)
* Positive Songs for Negative People (2015)
* Be More Kind (2018)

#### Singles

* "The Road" (2009)
* "Poetry of the Deed" (2009)
* "Isabel" (2009)
* "Try This at Home" (2010)
* "I Still Believe" (2010)