OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# RMS Scythia

RMS Scythia was a Cunard ocean liner. She sailed on her maiden voyage in 1921, and became a troop and supply ship during the Second World War. Scythia was the longest serving Cunard liner until 4 September 2005, when her record was surpassed by Queen Elizabeth 2.

## History

After heavy losses during the First World War, Cunard Line embarked on an ambitious building programme. It decided to build "intermediate", 19,000 GRT ships rather than the large liners it had previously employed. Scythia was the first ship in this new fleet, and building began in 1919. Scythia was built for the services between Liverpool and Queenstown in the British Isles to New York and Boston, in the United States. A luxury liner designed to appeal to American tourists, in the mid-1920s, she began sailing from New York to the Mediterranean.
Scythia was requisitioned at the end of 1939, left Liverpool on 24 September 1940 with 48 children bound for Boston, sponsored by readers of the Boston Evening Transcript newspaper, part of a wider British evacuation programme under the Children's Overseas Reception Board.
She became a troop ship on 1 November 1940, and sailed from Liverpool to the Middle East carrying the 1st King's Dragoon Guards. She then saw service carrying evacuees from Liverpool to New York. In 1942, Scythia took part in the Allied invasion of French North Africa. On 23 November she was struck by an aerial torpedo. Her crew managed to get her to harbour at Algiers, and she suffered only five casualties out of a complement of 4,300 men.
Scythia was salvaged and taken to New York for repair in January 1943, and afterwards ferried American troops to Europe. At the end of the war she took many US troops back from Europe, many of them accompanied by their new brides, before sailing to India to bring home UK troops from the war in the East. She was also a war bride ship taking Canadian war brides and their children from Liverpool to Pier 21 in Halifax in the early part of 1946. One of her last missions as a troop ship was to bring the 1st King's Dragoon Guards home to Liverpool, on 11 March 1948.
Later in 1948, Scythia was handed to the International Refugee Organisation to take refugees from Europe to Canada. In 1950 she became a passenger ship again, sailing from Britain to Canada and later to New York. Again in 1957 the Scythia was used to transport Hungarian refugees to Canada (departed Southampton England 19 Jan 1957), landing in Halifax, Nova Scotia at Pier 21 (Canada's equivalent to Ellis Island in New York).
Her final route was around the North Sea. In 1958, after 37 years of service, Scythia was delivered to ship breakers Thos. W. Ward at Inverkeithing by her final Master, Geoffrey Thrippleton Marr.
# Francesco Fornabaio

Francesco Fornabaio (5 March 1957 – 21 September 2014) was an Italian aviator and aerobatic pilot.

## Birth

Fornabaio was born in Stigliano.

## Death

Fornabaio was killed in a plane crash at the "Fly Venice" air show at Lido di Venezia.
# 7th Illinois Cavalry Regiment

Illinois U.S. Volunteer Cavalry Regiments 1861-1865 :
| Previous | Next |
| 6th Illinois Volunteer Cavalry Regiment | 8th Illinois Volunteer Cavalry Regiment |
The 7th Illinois Cavalry Regiment was a cavalry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.

## Service

The 7th Illinois Volunteer Cavalry was mustered into service at Camp Butler, Illinois, on October 13, 1861.
After the fall of Vicksburg, the 7th Illinois Cavalry served with the Third Cavalry Brigade of the XVI Army Corps, headquartered at Memphis, Tennessee. It was camped north of Collierville, Tennessee, when Confederate General James Ronald Chalmers attacked the garrison with 2,500 troops on 11 October 1863. A portion of the troops circled around the north side of the town and attacked the camp of the 7th Illinois Cavalry and routed them, capturing and burning their supplies. The 7th Illinois Cavalry was able to regain their reputation when General Chalmers repeated the attack on Collierville on 3 November 1863. The Confederates were repulsed at this second Battle of Collierville by the Union Colonel Edward Hatch, while leading the 7th Illinois Cavalry, the 6th Illinois Cavalry, 2nd Iowa Cavalry and the 1st Illinois Light Artillery.
In December 1864 the 7th Illinois Cavalry took part in the Battle of Nashville.
In June 1865, just after the war, the unit was (apparently without horses) in Mississippi, 'scattered along the Mobile and Ohio railroad.'
The regiment was mustered out on October 20, 1865.

## Total strength and casualties

The regiment suffered 5 officers and 59 enlisted men who were killed in action or who died of their wounds and 3 officers and 267 enlisted men who died of disease, for a total of 334 fatalities.

## Commanders

* Colonel William Pitt Kellogg - resigned June 1, 1862
* Colonel Edward Prince - mustered out October 15, 1864.
* Colonel John M. Graham - mustered out with the regiment.
# Masaaki Sugiyama

Masaaki Sugiyama (杉山正明, Sugiyama Masaaki) (1952-2019) was a Japanese historian and author.
Sugiyama was born March 1, 1952, in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. He graduated from the Faculty of Letters of Kyoto University in 1974.
In 1992, he became an associate professor at the Faculty of Letters at Kyoto University, and in 1995, a professor, and later a professor at the Graduate School of Letters. He received the Japan Academy Prize in 2007.
Sugiyama died on December 24, 2019.
# 83rd New York Infantry Regiment

New York U.S. Volunteer Infantry Regiments 1861-1865 :
| Previous | Next |
| 82nd New York Infantry Regiment | 84th New York Infantry Regiment |
The 83rd New York Infantry Regiment, the "Ninth Militia," "Ninth Infantry National Guard," or "City Guard", was an infantry regiment of the Union Army during the American Civil War.

## Service

The 9th New York State Militia was not called up, but organized in New York City as a regiment of volunteers under Col. Michael M. van Beuren. The regiment left the state in May, 1861 under the leadership of Col. John W. Stiles and served at Washington, DC, mustering in to federal service there in June; in several different commands until August; in the Army of the Potomac from October; in 5th Corps, from March, 1862; in 3d Corps, Army of Virginia, from June; and in 1st Corps, Army of Potomac, from September. In May 1863, the three years' men of the 26th Infantry were transferred in. The regiment served again in 5th Corps, Army of Potomac, from March, 1864, and was honorably discharged and mustered out at New York City in June, 1864; men not entitled to be mustered out were transferred to the 97th Infantry.
The 83rd served along the Potomac River in Maryland and at Harper's Ferry. In the spring of 1862 the regiment was stationed near Warrenton, Virginia and along the Rappahannock River; it participated in General John Pope's Virginia campaign, losing 75 men at the Battle of Second Bull Run. At South Mountain and Antietam, Confederate forces heavily engaged the 83rd, costing 114 at Antietam. The regiment lost even more at Fredericksburg—125 killed, wounded or missing—among whom was the severely wounded Colonel Hendrickson. The regiment spent the winter of 1862-3 at Falmouth, Virginia, and was not threatened during Chancellorsville, but played an important part at Gettysburg in the capture of Iverson's North Carolina brigade. Coming south, the regiment was stationed at Hagerstown, Maryland, and Liberty, Virginia; the 83rd camped near Brandy Station, Virginia, in the early winter of 1863-4. It served during the Wilderness campaign, where Colonel Moesch was killed and 128 men were reported killed, wounded or missing. The 83d was named as one of the "three hundred fighting regiments."

## Total strength and casualties

The total enrollment of the regiment was 1,413 members; during its service the regiment lost by death; killed in action, 8 officers, 103 enlisted men; of wounds received in action, 1 officer, 52 enlisted men; of disease and other causes, 2 officers, 89 enlisted men; total, 11 officers, 244 enlisted men; aggregate, 255; of whom 16 enlisted men died in the hands of the enemy.

## Commanders

* Colonel John W. Stiles
* Colonel John Hendrickson
* Colonel Joseph A. Moesch
* Lieutenant Colonel William Chalmers
# Pedrinho (footballer, born 1996)

Pedro Henrique Oliveira dos Santos (born 19 December 1996), known also as Pedrinho is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a forward for Konyaspor.

## Career

In 2022 Pedrinho joined Volta Redonda. In February 2021 he moved on loan to Criciúma, before returning again for Volta. On 17 December 2022, he was announced as the new player of CSKA 1948.
# Krevese

Krevese is a village and a former municipality in the district of Stendal, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 July 2009, it is part of the town Osterburg (Altmark).

## History

In 956 Kribci was mentioned when Emperor Otto I gave Quedlinburg Abbey six slavic villages. Between 1170 und 1200 an abbey with Benedictine nuns, called „Marienthal“, was founded at Krevese. The monastery was converted into an evangelical virgin monastery in the course of the Reformation in 1541, but only for a short time. In 1562 the administrator of Havelberg, Joachim III Frederick of Brandenburg, ceded the former abbey to the Bismarck family, who had to swap it against Burgstall in the Altmark. It remained owned by the family until 1819.
* Former abbey church
* Former manor house of the Bismarck family
* This Stendal district location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# FC Shumen 1929

FC Shumen 1929 (Bulgarian: ФК Шумен 1929) was a Bulgarian football club from the city of Shumen, which last competed in the North-Eastern section of Bulgaria's 3rd football league. Shumen 1929 played its home matches at the local Panayot Volov Stadium. The main kit colours of the team were yellow and blue.
Because of the city's famous brand of Shumensko beer, they were often affectionately called Пивоварите, or The Brewers.

## History

The team was founded in the summer of 2013 as an alternative to the other local club PFC Shumen 2010, which had been struggling financially for a number of years.
The newly founded FC Shumen 1929 shared a stadium with the old club during the 2013–14 V AFG season, resulting in the most recent 'Shumen derby' taking place in one of the top three levels of Bulgarian football. FC Shumen 1929 won the first game 3:1 on September 22, 2013, and followed that up with another win on April 5, 2014, this time with a scoreline of 2:1. At the end of the 2013/14 season, PFC Shumen 2010 was relegated from the North-Eastern V Group, and soon after disbanded altogether.
This temporarily left FC Shumen 1929 as the highest-ranked team from the city within the Bulgarian football pyramid, but the club soon began experiencing financial difficulties. They ultimately stopped fielding a senior side after the 2015–16 season, leaving Shumen without an official representative in the Bulgarian football system until the original club was refounded in 2018.

## Managers

| Dates | Name |
| 2013–2015 | Valeri Venkov |
| 2015 | Petko Medvedsky |
| 2016 | Valeri Venkov |

## Results

| Season | League | Place | G | W | D | L | GF | GA | Pts | Bulgarian Cup | AFL Cup |
| 2013–14 | V AFG (III) | 12 / 16 | 30 | 9 | 3 | 18 | 33 | 66 | 30 | not qualified | did not enter |
| 2014–15 | V AFG | 12 / 16 | 30 | 9 | 5 | 16 | 41 | 52 | 32 | not qualified | Round 2 |
| 2015–16 | V AFG | 11 / 14 | 26 | 8 | 6 | 12 | 40 | 39 | 30 | not qualified | Round 2 |
| Green marks a season followed by promotion, red a season followed by relegation. ||||||||||||

### Records

* Biggest win: Preslav 0-7 FC Shumen 1929 (1 September 2013)
* Biggest loss: Ticha Dolni Chiflik 11-0 FC Shumen 1929 (17 November 2013)
# Marjorie Deane

Marjorie Deane MBE (1914 – 2 October 2008) was a British financial journalist and author, who worked for The Economist from 1947 to 1989, and has been called "a pathbreaker for female financial journalists" by Paul Volcker, the former chairman of the US Federal Reserve.

## Early life

Marjorie Deane was born in 1914 in Manchester. She was educated there at Withington Girls' School, followed by a degree in mathematics at London University.

## Career

During the Second World war, Deane worked as a statistician for the Admiralty, where she reported to the poet John Betjeman, who would become a friend.
Deane worked for The Economist from 1947 to 1989, and in the magazine's obituary of Deane, she was described as "the backbone of The Economist's financial coverage". She was initially hired as a statistician, and although The Economist were relatively enlightened employers, this did not extend to equal pay in her earlier years; according to the editor Geoffrey Crowther, "You can hire a first-rate woman for the price of a second-rate man".
Deane retired from The Economist aged 75, but continued working on a consultancy basis for various employers, and published a book aged 80 with the journalist Robert Pringle, entitled, The Central Banks.
Paul Volcker, the former chairman of the US Federal Reserve, has called Deane "a pathbreaker for female financial journalists".

## Honours

In 2006, Deane was awarded an MBE, and said to the Queen: "I gather you don't much like us journalists, Ma’am", to which the Queen replied that financial journalists were all right.

## Personal life

She died on 2 October 2008, at the age of 94.

## Legacy

In 1998, she put £1 million towards establishing up a foundation to encourage young financial journalists, and most of her estate was added to The Marjorie Deane Financial Journalism Foundation.

## Selected publications

* Economic ties in the free world. Friends of Atlantic Union, 1953.
* Stagflation, Britain's way out. The Economist Newspaper Ltd, 1971. ISBN 0850580110.
* The Central Banks (with Robert Pringle). Hamish Hamilton, 1994. ISBN 0241133262
# Franklin City Cemetery

The Franklin City Cemetery in Franklin, Tennessee was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.
Four American Revolutionary War veterans are buried there. The cemetery is significant for its history of early settlers and for its funerary markers, the most unusual of which is perhaps a "treestone" one.
It is across North Margin Street from Rest Haven Cemetery, also NRHP-listed in 2012.
# Diana Goetsch

Diana Goetsch (born 1963) is an American poet and memoirist.

## Life

She graduated from Wesleyan University and New York University. She was a New York City public school teacher. She was the 2017 Grace Paley Teaching Fellow at Eugene Lang College of Liberal Arts. She was 2020 Visiting Writer at Vermont College of Fine Arts.
She writes the “Life in Transition” blog at The American Scholar.
Her work appeared in Best American Poetry.

## Works

* This Body I Wore, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2022. ISBN 978-0374115098
* In America (Rattle, 2017)
* Nameless Boy (Orchises, 2015)
* The Job of Being Everybody (Cleveland State University Press, 2004)
# Franklin County Courthouse (Pennsylvania)

The current Franklin County Courthouse in Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, built in 1865, is the third courthouse building on the site. The site was originally purchased from Colonel Benjamin Chambers in 1785.
The current building replaced its predecessor that was burnt on July 30, 1864 by Confederate forces under Brigadier General John A. McCausland in the American Civil War. McCausland was acting under the orders of General Jubal A. Early. Early was commander of the Shenandoah Valley, which was subject to much destruction by the Union forces. He was eager to retaliate against the North. Chambersburg deserved this retaliation, in his view, in part for its sympathy with John Brown while planning his raid on Harpers Ferry. McCausland offered the people of Chambersburg the chance to ransom the town for $100,000 in gold or $500,000 in greenbacks. When they did not pay, he carried on with the destruction of the town, including the second courthouse. Only the walls and pillars remained after the burning.
The current Greek Revival structure was designed by S. Hutton. The construction was superintended by Samuel Seibert. They designed and built the structure around the remaining walls and columns left from the previous courthouse. It stands two and half stories high, and is built of brick. There are fifty-four windows, twenty-two on each side and five each front and back. It features a domed clock cupola with a statue of Benjamin Franklin on top. There are also six symmetrically placed chimneys on the roof. It was expanded in 1902 in the same architectural style.
The courthouse is a contributing property in the Chambersburg Historic District. Chambersburg is the largest Northern community that was burned in the Civil War.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. It is included in the Chambersburg Historic District.
# Sahib Singh of Patiala

Sahib Singh (1773–1813) was the third ruler and the Raja-e-Rajgan (King of Kings) of the Patiala. Singh's reign was noted for the power and influence wielded by his sister, Sahib Kaur, who served as his Chief Minister and the General of Patiala's army. He was also a member of the Phulkian dynasty. In 1809, Singh allied with and pledged loyalty to the British Empire.

## Early life

Sahib Singh was born on 18 August 1773 and succeeded his father, Amar Singh, as the Raja-e-Rajgan (King of Kings) of Patiala in 1781 at the age of 7.

## Reign
### Regency

Singh acceded to the throne in 1781 when he was seven years old. From 1781 to 1790, the prime minister of Patiala, Dewan Nandu Mal, was the regent of Patiala and his grandmother, Rani Hukman also played a key role in the state's administration. During his regency, Singh faced rebellion from several family members, which Mal successfully suppressed. In 1787, he married Rattan Kaur and in 1790, the regency in Patiala ended and Singh removed Mal as prime minister by exiling him from the state.

### Rule and administration

After Singh took full control of Patiala State in 1790, he appointed his sister Sahib Kaur, as his Chief Minister and the leader of his armies. In 1794, the Maratha Confederacy invaded Patiala; however, Kaur managed to successfully repel the Marathas. Kaur was later dismissed from her offices after a quarrel with Singh. In 1809, Singh and the rulers of the other the Cis-Sutlej states, pledged their loyalty to the British Empire, in return for protection from Maharaja Ranjit Singh of the Sikh Empire.

## Death and succession

Singh died in 1813 and was succeeded by his son Karam Singh, who was a minor at the time.
# Franklin County Jail (Ozark, Arkansas)

The former Franklin County Jail is a historic building at 3rd and River Streets in Ozark, Arkansas. It is a two-story masonry structure, built out of native sandstone. It is roughly cubic in shape, with a flat roof obscured by a crenellated parapet, and its entrance set in a Romanesque arch. It was built in 1914, and has been rehabilitated to house professional offices.
The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.
# Cutback

Cutback or Cutbacks may refer to:
* Cutback technique, a destructive technique for determining certain optical fiber transmission characteristics
* Cutback (surfing move)
* Cutback (roller coaster), a roller coaster inversion similar to a corkscrew
* Cutback (football move), a sudden change in direction by a ball carrier in American football
* "Cutbacks" (30 Rock), an episode of 30 Rock
# Oliver Stark

Oliver Leon Jones (born 27 June, 1991), known professionally as Oliver Stark, is a British actor. He is best known for his roles as Evan "Buck" Buckley in 9-1-1 on ABC, and as Ryder in AMC's martial arts-based drama Into the Badlands.

## Early life

Oliver Leon Jones was born on 27 June, 1991 in London, England. After joining the acting union in the UK, he registered under the name "Oliver Stark" as "Oliver Jones" was not available. He decided to use his late grandmother's maiden name, "Stark", as his stage surname.

## Career

Stark's first professional acting job came in 2011 when he was cast in David Alexander's short film Follow for the UK Film Council. Stark then went on to have guest roles in Luther and Casualty.
Stark then had a number of film roles (Underworld Blood Wars) and other TV roles before starring as series regular, Ryder, in AMC's martial arts-based drama Into the Badlands in 2015. Since 2018, Stark has played firefighter Evan "Buck" Buckley, a main character on the Fox/ABC procedural drama, 9-1-1.

## Personal life

As of September 2022, Stark resides in Los Angeles, California. He has been romantically linked to actress Hannah Gottesman, whom he had previously moved in with before they had even met. In a 2024 interview with Men's Health, Stark spoke candidly about his experience of moving to Los Angeles to pursue acting. He explained that his partner at the time was "much more successful than [he] was" and that she was "having more opportunities possibly come her way."
Stark is vegan.

## Filmography
### Film

| Year | Title | Role |
| 2012 | Community | Pack Leader |
| 2013 | The Adventurer: Curse of the Midas Box | Glocky |
| 2014 | Montana | Cal |
| 2015 | Hard Tide | Alfie Fisher |
| 2016 | Underworld: Blood Wars | Gregor |
| 2017 | MindGamers | Dylan |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2011 | Casualty | Kyle 'K' DeNane | Episode: "Natural Selection" |
| 2013 | Luther | Shaun Butler | 1 episode |
| 2013 | Big Bad World | Bad Teenager | 1 episode |
| 2013 | Dracula | PC Barraclough | Episode: "Come to Die" |
| 2015 | Venus vs. Mars | Steven Jones | 1 episode |
| 2015–2017 | Into the Badlands | Ryder | Series regular (16 episodes) |
| 2018–present | 9-1-1 | Evan 'Buck' Buckley | Main role (101 episodes) Nominated - Teen Choice Award for Choice Drama TV Actor |
| 2021 | 9-1-1: Lone Star | Evan 'Buck' Buckley | Guest role (1 episode) |
# 1920 Ashton-under-Lyne by-election

The 1920 Ashton-under-Lyne by-election was a by-election held on 31 January 1920 for the British House of Commons constituency of Ashton-under-Lyne.
The by-election was triggered by the elevation to the peerage of the town's Conservative Party Member of Parliament (MP) Albert Stanley, who was ennobled as Baron Ashfield.
The result was a victory for the Conservative candidate Sir Walter de Frece, who held the seat with a massively reduced majority.
British Pathe has a newsreel clip of Sir Walter de Frece campaigning in the by-election with his wife Vesta Tilley.

## Votes and result

Ashton-under-Lyne by-election, 1920 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| C | Unionist | Walter de Frece | 8,864 | 43.3 | −15.0 |
| | Labour | William Robinson | 8,127 | 39.6 | New |
| | Liberal | Arthur Marshall | 3,511 | 17.1 | New |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 738 | 3.7 | −12.9 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 20,502 | 82.3 | +13.9 |
| | Unionist hold | Unionist hold | Swing | | |
| C indicates candidate endorsed by the coalition government. ||||||