OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lusitanian flora

The Lusitanian flora is a small assemblage of plants that show a restricted and specific distribution in that they are mostly only to be found in the Iberian Peninsula or southwest Ireland. Generally, the plants are not found in England or western France even though suitable habitat almost certainly exists in those regions. The plants currently number about 15 species in total and include examples such as Irish fleabane, strawberry tree and St Patrick's-cabbage. The group is of particular interest and importance since it is currently not understood how the current geographical distribution came about. This biogeographical puzzle has been a topic of academic debate since the middle of the 19th century. Conflicting, and as yet unresolved theories centre on whether the Irish populations are a relict, surviving from before the last ice age or whether they have been transported there in the last 10,000 years. Many of the species are also very restricted in their distribution in Ireland, and have become the centre of intense conservation efforts in recent years, for example the Irish Fleabane.
Today it is often stated that these species are native to Ireland and it has been proposed that they probably survived the last ice age in refuges, for instance work on St Dabeoc's Heath. However, Micheline Sheehy Skeffington and co-workers have assembled evidence indicating that several of the Lusitanian plant species were introduced by people traveling by sea from northern Spain. Her initial publications on Mackay's Heath (Erica mackayana) suggest this species was introduced to the west coast of Ireland as several discreet colonies in remote locations through smuggling. This hypothesis has been confirmed by a Spanish genetic study. She has since presented evidence for the introduction of the five other heath-land Lusitanian species; Kerry Lilly (Simethis mattiazzii), Cornish Heath (Erica vagans), Irish Heath (E. erigena), Dorset Heath (E. ciliaris) and St Dabeoc's Heath (Daboecia cantabrica). Her evidence suggests that only the first two were also introduced though smuggling, while Irish Heath appears to have arrived several centuries before the smuggling, in the 15th century, possibly through the pilgrimage by sea to Santiago de Compestella and St Dabeoc's Heath appears to have been introduced prior to historical times. Her other work on Strawberry Tree (Arbutus unedo) shows that it was probably introduced 4,000 years ago by the miners who worked the first copper mine in northern Europe which was on Lough Leane near Killarney in south west Ireland and it was spread from their to successive copper mines in south west Ireland and possibly also to north Wales where is grows near the bronze age copper mine on the Great Orme.

## Gallery

* Irish Fleabane
* Strawberry tree
* Kerry lily
# Stará Ves (Bruntál District)

Stará Ves (German: Altendorf) is a municipality and village in Bruntál District in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 500 inhabitants.

## Administrative division

Stará Ves consists of two municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
* Stará Ves (427)
* Žďárský Potok (36)

## History

The first written mention of Stará Ves is from 1561.
# Southpark Village

Southpark Village is a housing estate in the Darnley area of the Scottish city of Glasgow. The northwestern area was built during the mid to late 1980s, but the southeastern part was built in the late 2010s. It is located on the south-western edge of the city, close to the towns of Barrhead and Newton Mearns in East Renfrewshire. Nearby areas within Glasgow itself are the rest of Darnley to the north, Deaconsbank to the east, and Parkhouse to the northwest, although Southpark is physically separated from all but the rest of Darnley by the Dams to Darnley Country Park and M77 motorway.

## History

The entire area was once owned by Lord Darnley, who ran linen works in the area. The remains of a large house can be found a few miles south of the village, and this appears to have belonged to Lord Darnley himself.
In later years the surrounding area was extensively quarried for limestone and mined for coal; During the late stages of the life of the mine, a catastrophic explosion occurred killing many local miners. A monument to those lost in the disaster currently sits on the Nitshill Road (A726) beside the train station at Nitshill, north west of Southpark. The consequences of this disaster and the subsequent abandonment of the mine have been felt as recently as the late 1990s when a mine shaft collapsed in an area near the estate, leading to a massive landfill operation which successfully prevented the land around the shaft from collapsing any further.

## Characteristics

Most homes in the area are occupied by private owners who are within working class or lower/medium-middle class income brackets. The neighbourhood is conveniently located for commuting to work by car via the M77 motorway and is also fairly close to suburban railway stations (Nitshill and Priesthill & Darnley).
Like much of Glasgow since the mid-20th century, the area is ethnically diverse. Southpark falls under the council tax bracket of Glasgow City Council, within its Greater Pollok ward. The area has many communal landscaped areas that are maintained through financial contributions by the residents of the estate.
There is a retail park to the north of the housing, consisting of large Sainsbury's, fast food outlets and a pub/restaurant. It was built on the site of the Darnley Mains farm. To the southeast of this retail area there is a large B&Q store.
Land to the east of B&Q - directly adjacent to the motorway - was designated for further retail for some years, but failed to attract investors for this use (likely due in part to the busy Silverburn Centre at the next junction north) so was reallocated for new housing in the late 2010s. At that time another residential development between the existing Southpark neighbourhood and the Darnley Mains site, Glenmill (320 houses) was also constructed by Persimmon Homes and Bellway.
# Blattoidealestes

Blattoidealestes is a dubious genus of therocephalian, an extinct therapsid from the Middle Permian of South Africa. The type species Blattoidealestes gracilis was named by South African paleontologist Lieuwe Dirk Boonstra from the Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone in 1954. Dating back to the Middle Permian, Blattoidealestes is one of the oldest therocephalians. It is similar in appearance to the small therocephalian Perplexisaurus from Russia, and may be closely related.
The holotype specimen of Blattoidealestes was discovered in 1918 in Prince Albert, Western Cape and cataloged as SAM 4321. SAM 4321 consists of a skull and partial postcranial skeleton. At around 55 millimetres (2.2 in), the skull is extremely small for a therocephalian. It was heavily distorted during fossilization and preparation, with the right side heavily eroded and most of the skull having been broken off from the main block. The snout is short and the eye sockets are very large. The lower jaw is slender, with a projection called the coronoid process very prominent. The skull bears many small teeth, including a pair of canines in the upper and lower jaws. Each postcanine tooth has lateral grooves on its surface, creating several small cusps. Cuspid teeth are common in Late Permian and Triassic therocephalians, and the closely related cynodonts, which are the ancestors of mammals, but no earlier theriodont possesses this type of tooth. Therefore, Blattoidealestes represents the oldest record of multicuspid teeth among theriodonts.
Although it is one of the earliest members of the group, Blattoidealestes was initially thought to be in a derived position among therocephalians. Due to its small size, Blattoidealestes was originally classified with other tiny therocephalians in a group called Scaloposauria. Scaloposauria has fallen out of use in recent years, and is now thought to represent a polyphyletic assemblage of juvenile therocephalians. Along with many other small-bodied "scaloposaurians", Blattoidealestes was later classified as a member of the advanced therocephalian clade Baurioidea. A revision of this specimen in 2023 determined that Blattoidealestes instead represents a juvenile scylacosaurid, one of the earliest divering clades of therocephalians. It is identifiable as an early therocephalian rather than a baurioid by having serrated canines, and its snout proportions identify it specifically as a scylacosaurid.
# Don Downe

Donald Richard Downe (born 1951) is a farmer and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Lunenburg West in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1993 to 2003 as a Liberal member.

## Early life

Downe was born in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island. He was a poultry farm owner and was president of the Nova Scotia Federation of Agriculture.

## Political career
### Provincial politics

In 1992, he ran for the leadership of the Nova Scotia Liberal Party, losing on the second ballot to John Savage.
In the 1993 election, Downe defeated Progressive Conservative cabinet minister Marie Dechman by almost 3,400 votes in Lunenburg West. On June 11, 1993, Downe was appointed to the Executive Council of Nova Scotia as Minister of Natural Resources. In March 1996, Downe was moved to Minister of Business and Consumer Services, but was shuffled again in June 1996, when he was named Minister of Transportation and Public Works. When Russell MacLellan was sworn-in as premier in July 1997, Downe remained as Minister of Transportation and Public Works.
Downe was re-elected in the 1998 election. On April 8, 1998, he was named Minister of Finance, Minister of Environment, Minister responsible for Aboriginal Affairs, and Deputy Premier. In December 1998, the Environment portfolio was transferred to Michel Samson. The Liberals lost government in the 1999 election, but Downe was re-elected by almost 1,000 votes in his riding. Considered a possible leadership candidate following MacLellan's resignation as leader, Downe declined to enter the race. On November 21, 2002, Downe announced that he would be not be running in the next provincial election, and officially resigned as MLA on February 18, 2003.

### Municipal politics

In 2008, Downe returned to politics and was elected the first mayor of the Municipality of the District of Lunenburg. He was re-elected in 2012. Downe did not for re-election in the 2016 municipal election.
# O'Neil's

The M. O'Neil Co. was a regional department store chain based in Akron, Ohio, United States. O'Neil's dominated the Akron and Canton retail markets. Founded in 1877, the store grew to several locations in northeastern Ohio. In 1912, it was owned by May Department Stores, and in 1989 May merged it with its Cleveland division to form May Company Ohio, which was subsequently merged into its Pittsburgh division, Kaufmann's, in 1993. May Department Stores was purchased by Federated Department Stores in 2005, who merged all of its regional chains into Macy's in 2006.

## History

O'Neil's began in 1877, when Irishmen Michael O'Neil and Isaac Dyas opened a dry goods store at 114 East Market Street. On the death of Dyas in 1892, the store became the M. O'Neil Co. Acquired by May Department Stores for $1 million in 1912, it opened a new store in downtown Akron in 1927 that remained through the late 1980s. It eventually came to operate stores throughout the Akron and Canton areas. In 1989 the main store in downtown Akron was closed, and its remaining locations merged with May Company Ohio. With the merger, the O'Neil's name was retired.
Branch stores in later years were at Summit Mall in Fairlawn, Chapel Hill and Rolling Acres malls in Akron, Belden Village and Mellett/Canton Centre malls in Canton, 30th Street Plaza in Canton, Stow-Kent Plaza in Stow, Richland Mall in Ontario, and in Coshocton. Earlier branches included stores in downtown Canton, Lorain, Alliance, Massillon and Mansfield and in the Akron suburbs of Cuyahoga Falls, Barberton and Fairlawn (at Fairlawn Plaza).
The downtown Akron O'Neil's department store featured large display windows along the front and sides of the massive store where seasonal displays were set up for viewing by the public. During the holiday season, large elaborate animated displays of elves in Santa's workshop, nutcrackers, teddy bears, trains and various toys played under Christmas trees. These displays were a main feature of downtown Akron during the holiday season, along with the displays in the windows of O'Neil's rival store, Polsky's, directly across South Main Street.
# Donald MacInnis

Donald MacInnis (21 August 1918 – 9 May 2007) was a Progressive Conservative party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Glace Bay, Nova Scotia and became a coal miner by career.
He was first elected at the Cape Breton South riding in the 1957 general election, defeating the long-serving incumbent Co-operative Commonwealth Federation member of parliament Clarence Gillis, also a former miner. MacInnis defeated Gillis again in a rematch almost a year later in the 1958 general election, known as the "Diefenbaker Sweep." MacInnis remained a Member of Parliament throughout the 1960s and early 1970s except for the 25th Parliament when he was defeated in the riding by Malcolm Vic MacInnis of the New Democratic Party in the 1962 election. Since the 1968 election, MacInnis represented Cape Breton—East Richmond, one of the ridings which replaced the Cape Breton South electoral district in a boundary realignment.
After his term in the 29th Parliament ended in 1974, MacInnis left national office and did not campaign for another term.
From 1988, MacInnis served as the final mayor of Glace Bay, a municipality which was dissolved in 1995 and replaced by the Cape Breton Regional Municipality.
# Frank R. Davis

Frank Roy Davis (August 25, 1888 – September 17, 1948) was a Canadian provincial politician from Nova Scotia. He represented the electoral district of Lunenburg in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1933 to 1948. He was a member of the Nova Scotia Liberal Party.
Davis was born in 1888 at Shelburne, Nova Scotia. His parents were Joseph Hiram Davis and the former Eva Trueman. He was educated at Mount Allison University and Dalhousie University, and was a physician and surgeon by career. He married Elizabeth Euphemia Balcom in 1913.
Davis was elected mayor of Bridgewater, Nova Scotia in 1930. He entered provincial politics in the 1933 election, winning a seat for the dual-member Lunenburg riding with Liberal Gordon E. Romkey. Davis was re-elected in the 1937, 1941, and 1945 elections. He served in the Executive Council of Nova Scotia as Minister of Health and Welfare from 1933, also taking the role of Registrar General and Minister of Municipal Affairs in 1945. He therefore served in cabinets led by premiers Angus Macdonald (twice) and Alexander MacMillan. He died in office on September 17, 1948.
# Harry Dennis Madden

Harry Dennis Madden (January 23, 1895 – November 28, 1945) was a Canadian politician. He represented the electoral district of Queens in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1941 to 1945. He was a member of the Nova Scotia Liberal Party.

## Life

Madden was born in 1895 at Amherst, Nova Scotia. He was educated at St. Francis Xavier University and Dalhousie University, and was a druggist by career. He married Marion Campbell in 1924. Madden served as mayor of Liverpool for four years. Madden entered provincial politics in the 1941 election, defeating Conservative incumbent John J. Cameron by 13 votes in the Queens riding. He did not reoffer in the 1945 election. Madden died at Liverpool on November 28, 1945.
# Tere Bina (song)

"Tere Bina" is a 2006 Hindi song from the 2007 Hindi film Guru. It was composed by A. R. Rahman, performed by Rahman, Murtuza Khan, Quadir Khan and Chinmayi and written by Gulzar. It is a love ballad composed in sufi style of music. It is dedicated to the memory of Pakistani qawwali singer Ustad Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan written at the time of the tenth anniversary of his death. The music video was picturised as a dance sequence by Aishwarya Rai and Abhishek Bachchan. The song begins with dham dara dham dara refrains, sung by Murtuza Khan and Quadir Khan.

## Reception

The song received favorable critical responses.
The song, along with its entire soundtrack album has proved a success, staying at the number one spot thirteen weeks after its release.

## Usage in media

An excerpt of the song is used in the 2013 American animated sports comedy film Planes, produced by DisneyToon Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures.
# Corina Tarnita

Corina Tarniţă is a Romanian-American mathematician and theoretical biologist known for her work in mathematical biology and complex adaptive systems. She is currently a professor of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and the Director of the Environmental Studies Program at Princeton University. Her research examines how living organisms organize themselves into patterns at different scales.

## Early life and education

Born in Romania, Tarnita showed an early aptitude for mathematics, encouraged by her mother, a professor of materials science and engineering. She won the Romanian National Mathematical Olympiad three times from 1999 to 2001. Tarnita moved to the United States to pursue higher education, obtaining her B.A. (2006), M.A. (2008), and Ph.D. (2009) in Mathematics from Harvard University. She was a Junior Fellow in the Harvard Society of Fellows before joining the Princeton University faculty in 2013.

## Research and career

Initially focused on high-dimensional mathematics, Tarnita was inspired by Martin Nowak's work on evolutionary dynamics and shifted to studying mathematical biology. This change led her to complete her Ph.D. under Nowak's supervision, finishing in just three years.
Tarnita's 2010 paper, "The evolution of eusociality," co-authored with Martin A. Nowak and Edward O. Wilson, challenged the long-standing kin selection theory and proposed a new model for the evolution of eusociality, sparking significant debate and reevaluation in the field of evolutionary biology. The response included a rebuttal published in Nature from over a hundred researchers.
Working with Princeton colleagues Robert Pringle and Juan Bonachela, Tarnita developed new theories about the formation of large, regular vegetation patterns, such as fairy circles in the Namib Desert.
Tarnita's research on "loner" behavior in slime molds revealed that this seemingly non-cooperative trait is actually an evolutionarily stable strategy, challenging previous assumptions about social behavior in microorganisms.
In 2024, Tarnita was named a Guggenheim Fellow.

## Selected publications

* Nowak, Martin A.; Tarnita, Corina E.; Wilson, Edward O. (2010). "The evolution of eusociality". Nature. 466 (7310): 1057–1062. doi:10.1038/nature09205. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 20740005.
* Bonachela, J. A.; Pringle, R. M.; Sheffer, E.; Coverdale, T. C.; Guyton, J. A.; Caylor, K. K.; Levin, S. A.; Tarnita, C. E. (2015). "Termite mounds can increase the robustness of dryland ecosystems to climatic change". Science. 347 (6222): 651–655. doi:10.1126/science.1261487. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 25657248.
* Tarnita, C. E.; Bonachela, J. A.; Sheffer, E.; Guyton, J. A.; Coverdale, T. C.; Long, R. A.; Pringle, R. M. (2017). "A theoretical foundation for multi-scale regular vegetation patterns". Nature. 541 (7637): 398–401. doi:10.1038/nature20801. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 28102269.
# Rob Gore

Robert (Rob) Gore (born 1977) is an American emergency physician and the founder of the Kings Against Violence Initiative (KAVI). He is a clinical assistant professor at Kings County Hospital Center in Brooklyn, New York. He was an inaugural TED Resident in 2016, and in 2018 named a CNN Hero.

## Early life and education

Gore grew up in Brooklyn. He is the son of a community activist and a teacher. He studied at Morehouse College and graduated in 1998. He attended University at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences and graduated in 2002. He was a Chief Medical Resident at John H. Stroger Jr. Hospital of Cook County.

## Career

Gore has worked with Clinique Espérance et Vie, a medical clinic in Haiti that supports Terrier-Rouge and nearby areas, since 2008. He launched a crowdfunding campaign to translate their activities into a television series, The Global Empowerment Project. He collaborated with Marc Baptise and Brian Paupaw.
Gore founded the SUNY Downstate Medical Center Minority Medical Student Emergency Medicine (MMSEM) Summer Fellowship - a mentoring program for underrepresented minorities in medicine. Gore believes that violence is a public health problem. In 2009 he founded the Kings Against Violence Initiative (KAVI), an in-school, hospital and community non-profit anti-violence program that looks to teach young people how to resolve conflicts peacefully. He developed a team of Hospital Responders, people who can respond sensitively to challenging situations that occur in a community. Gore ran a series of breakfast meetings to help young black people diffuse disputes. The program grew in 2011, with Gore encouraging his family, colleagues and friends to take part. KAVI is part of NYC Health + Hospitals with similar initiatives in Harlem and The Bronx. He was chosen as one of 2018 Presidential Leadership Scholars. The program is supported by the George W. Bush Presidential Center and Clinton Presidential Center. During his scholarship, Gore worked on a proposal to increase impact and resource for KAVI.
In 2016 he delivered a Ted Talk titled Healing Inner-City Trauma. He was a TED resident in the inaugural program in 2016. He discussed KAVI on History NOW in 2016. His achievements were honoured by the United Hospital Fund in 2017. That year he was selected as one of Black Enterprise's 100 Men of Distinction. He was selected as a CNN Hero in 2018. He was awarded the Citizens' Committee for Children Vanguard Award for his work serving at-risk youth. He is represented by the Serendipity Literary Agency.
Gore's first book, Treating Violence, was released on May 7, 2024, through Beacon Press publishing.
# Sri Lankans in Bermuda

Sri Lankans in Bermuda refer to Sri Lankans living in Bermuda. As of 2005, there are an estimated 400 living and working there. Sri Lankans in Bermuda are known for their giving in times of need for Sri Lanka, such as the Sri Lankan Civil War and the Boxing Day Tsunami. In 1979, there were only 6 Sri Lankans living in Bermuda.

## Organisations

* Bermuda Help Sri Lanka Relief Fund
# Metsaküla, Viljandi County

Metsaküla is a village in Mulgi Parish in Viljandi County in southern Estonia. It borders the villages of Lilli, Äriküla, Leeli and Univere as well as other villages in the former Abja Parish.
# Henry A. Waterman

Henry Arthur Waterman (June 7, 1872 – October 25, 1955) was a Canadian politician. He represented the electoral district of Yarmouth in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1938 to 1949. He was a member of the Nova Scotia Liberal Party.
Waterman was born in 1872 at Yarmouth, Nova Scotia. He was educated at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and was a mechanical engineer. He married Coral Davis in 1919, and retired to Yarmouth.
Waterman served as mayor of Yarmouth from 1928 to 1929. Waterman entered provincial politics in 1938, winning a byelection for the Yarmouth riding by acclamation. He was re-elected in the 1941 and 1945 elections. He did not reoffer in the 1949 election. Waterman died at Yarmouth on October 25, 1955.
# Birchwood Park

Birchwood Park is a business park in Birchwood near Warrington, United Kingdom.

## History

During World War II it was the site of Risley Royal Ordnance Factory. It was then used by the Admiralty as a storage depot until 1961, except for the north west section which was taken over by UKAEA in 1956.