OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Enterprise mobility management

Enterprise mobility management (EMM) is the set of people, processes and technology focused on managing mobile devices, wireless networks, and other mobile computing services in a business context. As more workers have bought smartphone and tablet computing devices and have sought support for using these devices in the workplace, EMM has become increasingly significant.
The goal of EMM is to determine if and how available mobile IT should be integrated with work processes and objectives, and how to support workers when they are using these devices in the workplace.

## Business use of consumer mobile technology

A 2012 study showed that about two-thirds of smartphone owners used their personal devices for enterprise-related activities. Supporting a wide variety of device types and operating systems can introduce security risks and added costs for businesses.
A 2011 survey showed that three quarters of U.K. and U.S. CIOs surveyed considered mobile technology to be a significant security problem, although consumers were generally less concerned.

## Security

Because mobile devices are easily lost or stolen, data on those devices is vulnerable. Enterprise mobility management is a set of systems intended to prevent unauthorized access to enterprise applications and/or corporate data on mobile devices. These can include password protection, encryption and/or remote wipe technology, which allows an administrator to delete all data from a misplaced device. With many systems, security policies can be centrally managed and enforced. Such device management systems are programmed to support and cooperate with the application programming interfaces (APIs) from various device makers to increase security compliance.
The data transfer between mobile device and the enterprise should always be encrypted, for example through a VPN tunnel or over HTTPS.
Mobile devices in companies with "bring your own device" (BYOD) policies are often used both personally and professionally. In these cases, corporate IT has less control over whether malware is on the device and what damage may be caused to corporate data. Apart from careful user behavior - data storage on the mobile device should be limited and centrally organized.
The diversity of Android devices appeals to consumer buyers, but is a source of anxiety for IT security experts. OpenSignal, a UK-based mobile company, recently published a survey of almost 700,000 devices and reported approximately 12,000 distinct Android devices using eight different versions of the Google operating system. For many IT organizations charting out their BYOD strategy, this translates into security risks that are tough to monitor and control.
# Queuosine

Queuosine is a modified nucleoside that is present in certain tRNAs in bacteria and eukaryotes. It contains the nucleobase queuine. Originally identified in E. coli, queuosine was found to occupy the first anticodon position of tRNAs for histidine, aspartic acid, asparagine and tyrosine. The first anticodon position pairs with the third "wobble" position in codons, and queuosine improves accuracy of translation compared to guanosine. Synthesis of queuosine begins with GTP. In bacteria, three structurally unrelated classes of riboswitch are known to regulate genes that are involved in the synthesis or transport of pre-queuosine$_1$, a precursor to queuosine: PreQ1-I riboswitches, PreQ1-II riboswitches and PreQ1-III riboswitches.
Queuosine biosynthesis genes have also been found on phage genomes and may be involved in protection from genome degradation by the host.
# Alvin High School

Alvin High School is a public high school located in the city of Alvin, Texas and classified as a 6A school by the University Interscholastic League (UIL). It is a part of the Alvin Independent School District located in central Brazoria County. During 2023‍–‍2024, Alvin High School had an enrollment of 2,763 students and a student to teacher ratio of 17.55. The school received an overall rating of "B" from the Texas Education Agency for the 2021‍–‍2022 school year.

## History

Alvin High School opened in 1894, with its first graduating class graduating in 1897. Alvin High School gained more residents as many school districts consolidated into Alvin ISD. and remained Alvin ISD's only high school until Manvel High School opened in fall 2006 with 9th and 10th grades, phasing in 11th and 12th grades in the following two years.
In the fall of 2002; the size of the school was the impetus for creating a second high school, which would be Manvel High.
After the annexation of several school districts, ending with the Manvel Independent School District in 1973, Alvin High School as the sole high school in Alvin ISD. It served the city of Manvel, the town of Iowa Colony, portions of the city of Pearland (including the Brazoria County portion of Shadow Creek Ranch), and additional portions of unincorporated Brazoria County (including areas around Rosharon) until the opening of Manvel High School in 2006.

## Communities served by Alvin High School

Alvin High School serves the cities of Alvin, Hillcrest, and Liverpool, as well as unincorporated portions of Brazoria County (including Amsterdam).

## Extracurricular activities
### Athletics

The Alvin Yellowjackets compete in these sports -
* Baseball
* Basketball
* Cross Country
* Football
* Golf
* Gymnastics
* Powerlifting
* Soccer
* Softball
* Swimming and Diving
* Tennis
* Track and Field
* Volleyball
* Water Polo

### Academics and arts

* Academic Decathlon
* Choir
* Concert Band and Marching Band
* Theatre
* UIL Academics
** Debate
** Literary Criticism
** Mathematics
** One-Act Plays

### State titles

* Softball
** 2008(5A)
* Boys Track
** 1925(B)
* United States Academic Decathlon
** 2013
** 2016
** 2017

#### State finals appearances

* Baseball
** 1965(3A)

## Notable alumni

* Nathan Eovaldi (class of 2008), MLB pitcher (2011–present), 2018 & 2023 World Series Champion
* Jill Alexander Essbaum (class of 1990), Award-winning Poet and New York Times Best Selling Author
* Savion Flagg (class of 2017), professional basketball player
* George Layne (class of 1998), NFL running back (2001–2004)
* Austin Miller (class of 1994), actor, singer and dancer
* Gunner Olszewski (class of 2015), NFL wide receiver (2019–present)
* Nolan Ryan (class of 1965), MLB pitcher (1966–1993) and Baseball Hall of Fame member, held Alvin High School strikeout record for 44 years
* Reid Ryan (class of 1990), former minor league baseball pitcher, former President of Business Operations for the Houston Astros organization
# Khurrum Sher Zaman

Khurrum Sher Zaman is a Pakistani politician who had been a member of the Provincial Assembly of Sindh from August 2018 to August 2023. He was previously a member of the Provincial Assembly of Sindh from May 2013 to May 2018.

## Early life and education

He was born on 22 December 1974 in Karachi.
He claimed to have received intermediate education.
He is a businessman and owns a food restaurant in Saddar, Karachi.

## Political career

He was elected to the Provincial Assembly of Sindh as a candidate of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) from Constituency PS-112 Karachi-XXIV in 2013 Pakistani general election.
He was re-elected to Provincial Assembly of Sindh as a candidate of PTI from Constituency PS-110 (Karachi South-IV) in 2018 Pakistani general election.
# Pierre Massé

Pierre Benjamin Daniel Massé (French:; 13 January 1898 – 15 December 1987) was a French economist, engineer, applied mathematician, and high official in the French government.

## Education and career

After graduation from l'École polytechnique, Massé became an engineer at l'École nationale des ponts et chaussées and a Doctor of Science. From 1928 he worked in the electrical industry and became at Électricité de France in 1946 the director of electrical equipment and operations and in 1948 the deputy general manager. In 1957 he became president of l'Électricité de Strasbourg. In 1959 Charles de Gaulle named him Commissaire général du Plan (General Commissioner of Planning) and he held this position until 1966. Massé was chairman of the board of directors of Électricité de France from 1965 to 1969 and an associate professor of la Faculté de Droit de Paris from 1965 to 1967. He was the first president of the Fondation de France from 1969 to 1973. He was elected a member of l'Académie des sciences morales et politiques in 1977.
Pierre Massé did research in economics on the theories of economic depreciation, dynamic programming, and total factor productivity and in mathematics on Pontryagin's minimum principle. He was an invited speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians in 1928 at Bologna.

## Selected publications

* Hydrodynamique fluviale, régimes variables. Hermann & Cie. 1943; 88 pages{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
* Les Réserves et la régulation de l'avenir dans la vie économique. Hermann & Cie. 1946; 2 volumes{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
* Le Choix des investissements, critères et méthodes. Dunod. 1959; 489 pages{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
** Optimal Investment Decisions: Rules for Action and Criteria for Choice. Prentice-Hall. 1962; translation of Le Choix des investissements{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
* Le Plan, ou l'Anti-hasard (1965; 1991)
* Les Dividendes du progrès (1969)
* La Crise du développement (1973)
* Des Pas sur le sable. Pensée universelle. 1977; 63 pages{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
* Aléas et progrès: entre Candide et Cassandre (1984)
# Scott Ehrlich

Scott Ehrlich is an American real estate developer, independent filmmaker, and businessman.

## Early life and education

Ehrlich was born in Los Angeles, California. He earned his bachelor's degree from the University of Arizona.

## Career
### Real estate

Ehrlich's career in real estate began in 1986 and focused on financing and developing affordable housing projects supported by government funding programs.
Ehrlich's Arbor Artist Lofts in downtown Lancaster, California were completed in August 2009. The Arbor Artist Lofts went on to win the 2010 AIA HUD Secretary's Housing and Community Design Award.
In 2010, Ehrlich began the Lancaster Boulevard project with the intent to transform the boulevard from a four-lane, automobile-dominated thoroughfare into a pedestrian-friendly boulevard. In the same year, he founded the BeX Bar & Grill in Lancaster, which has since closed.
In 2011, Ehrlich developed The Laemmle BLVD Cinemas, a luxury cinema in the Antelope Valley area. It opened to the public on August 14, 2011. Ehrlich later helped with the development of The BLVD's Renaissance Center. In 2011, The BLVD won the APA Planning Excellence in Implementation Award of Merit, In 2012, the National Award for Smart Growth Achievement, the 2012 California Redevelopment Association Award of Excellence, the 2012 California Downtown Association Award, the 2013 International Downtown Association Pinnacle Award, and the 2014 San Fernando Valley Business Journal's Commercial Real Estate Awards.
Ehrlich would go on to develop the Kinetic Brewing Company in Lancaster, which has since closed. The brewery won two bronze medals at the Great American Beer Festival in 2013.
In 2012, Ehrlich's InSite Development in Lancaster, with assistance from the city's Commercial Property Improvement Program (CPIP), established the eatery 1800 Restaurant on The BLVD. In the same year, Ehrlich renovated the "Woolworth Building" into an 8,000-square-foot (743.22 m$^2$), two-story complex on the BLVD. Later in 2012, InSite Development constructed a museum of art history (MOAH) for the city.

### Filmmaking

Ehrlich co-authored an original musical stage play, Pearly Gates: the Musical, with Penny Orloff. The stage play raised approximately $20,000 from four performances. In 2015, Ehrlich released an independent film of the same name, the cast of which includes Scott Grimes, Uzo Aduba, and Lainie Kazan. Sheri Linden of The Hollywood Reporter described it as "an ostensible comedy" with "banal observations about what it means to be remembered."

## Awards and honours

In September 2010, the Lancaster City Council considered a proposal to rename a portion of Elm Ave as "Ehrlich Avenue" to honor Ehrlich's development of the downtown. Then-mayor, R. Rex Parris, commented: "We are privileged to recognize [Ehrlich] for his truly extraordinary work."
* Antelope Valley Board of Trade – Navigating Change Award 2012
# Battle of Mombasa (1589)

The Battle of Mombasa took place on 5 March 1589, between Portuguese and Zimba forces under the command of Tomé Coutinho against the Ottomans. The Portuguese would reconquer the city and capture Mir Ali Beg.

## Background

At the end of the 16th century, Muslims in the east African coast appealed to the governor of Ottoman Yemen, Hasan Pasha, for help. Then, in 1586, forces consisting of a galley and some small boats under the command of Mir Ali Beg arrived in the region. Then, the cities of Mogadishu, Barawa, Lamu and Pemba, together with Mombasa, declared their allegiance to the Ottoman Empire.
In the summer of 1588, Mir Ali Beg set sail from Mocha with a fleet of 5 oarships. However, the Portuguese captain of the east-African coast Mateus Mendes de Vasconcelos, was at Malindi with a small force, and was already well aware of the approach of Mir Ali Beg: a network of spies and informants within the Red Sea itself kept the Portuguese up to date on Turkish movements. Approaching Malindi by night, the flotilla of Mir Ali Beg was bombarded by a Portuguese artillery battery, and so it sailed away to Mombasa.
The Ottomans tried to conquer Pate and Mombasa from the Portuguese in this year, but were defeated four times.

## Battle

When the Portuguese Viceroy in Goa learned that Mir Ali Beg was off the coast of East Africa, he handed over a fleet of eighteen ships to the command of his brother, Tomé de Sousa Coutinho to destroy the Ottomans. As the Portuguese fleet approached Barawa, the Ottoman fleet went to Mombasa. On March 5, 1589, Coutinho's fleet closed the entrance to the island, bombarded the city and burnt the Turkish fleet in the port. The Ottoman soldiers in the city were attacked by the Zimba tribe and all of them died. Mir Ali Beg was captured and taken to Lisbon where he would convert to Catholicism and live the rest of his life there.

## Aftermath

After the battle, the Portuguese sacked Manda for having supported the Ottomans and executed the King of Lamu and several important civilians of Pate and Kilifi, whilst the faithful ruler of Malindi was rewarded for his support.
The withdrawn of the Ottoman governor of Basra in 1596, followed by the loss of Mocha in 1636 and Aden in 1645, marked the end to Ottoman pretensions to Indian Ocean empire.
The Portuguese would remain under control of Mombasa until its conquest by Oman in 1698. However, it would briefly return to Portuguese control by captain Álvaro Caetano (1728–1729).
# E-Types

For the American rock band of the same name, see The E-Types
e-Types is a brand agency based in Copenhagen. It employs 50 designers, strategists and account managers. Since 2006 e-Types has been subject to academic research by scholars from Copenhagen Business School and Harvard Business School.

## History

e-Types was founded in Vesterbro, Copenhagen, in 1997 by a team of young graphic designers. Over the past decade e-Types has developed from a business of five employees into a consultancy of 50 strategists, designers and account managers. In 2010 e-Types became part of e-Types Group.
The company's branding work includes Danish Film Institute (1999), Aquascutum (2002), Rzeczpospolita (2004), Royal Danish Theatre (2005), 3XN (2007), CPH:PIX (2008), DI (2008), Tryg (2010), Berlingske (2011), Sanoma (2013).

## Design Philosophy

e-Types designs projects through three separate methods: digitally, spatially, and print. Designers confer less with consumers during the design process than other graphic design agencies, resulting in a more hands-off design philosophy. They have done work both locally and internationally.

## Academia

By 2006, e-Types became an object of interest to scholars in the creative businesses academia. The cooperation with Learning Lab Denmark turned into an industrial PhD from The Danish School of Education (now University of Aarhus) using e-Types as the primary case of the research. The focus was "Conscious Design Practice as a Strategic Tool". Meanwhile, Professor Robert Austin from Harvard Business School made a different case-study concerning Innovation Strategy of a Design Firm. The case-study was discussed and criticised at the 2006 Seattle Innovation Symposium at the University of Washington.
# 1971 in Bolivia

Events in the year 1971 in Bolivia.

## Incumbents

* President: Juan José Torres (until August 21), Hugo Banzer (starting August 22)

## Events

* August 21 - coup d'etat removes President Torres from office and Junta of Commanders of the Armed Forces 1971 (Bolivia) rules the country

## Births

* July 16 - Óscar Carmelo Sánchez
# Symphony No. 1 (Bax)

The Symphony No. 1 by Arnold Bax was completed in 1922 and dedicated to John Ireland. Its outer movements were based on a Piano Sonata in E♭ that Bax subsequently orchestrated, while the central movement was newly composed for the symphony.
It is scored for 4 flutes (3rd doubling alto flute, 4th doubling piccolo), 2 oboes, 1 English horn, 1 heckelphone or bass oboe, 3 clarinets (3rd doubling E♭ clarinet), 1 bass clarinet, 2 bassoons, 1 sarrusophone or contrabassoon, 4 horns, 3 trumpets, 3 trombones, 1 tuba, timpani, bass drum, tenor drum, snare drum, tambourine, cymbals, gong, triangle, bells, xylophone, glockenspiel, celesta, 2 harps and strings.
It is in three movements:
* Allegro moderato e feroce - Moderato expressivo - Tempo I
* Lento solenne
* Allegro maestoso - Allegro vivace ma non troppo
The first performance took place on 4 December 1922 at Queen's Hall in London. The London Symphony Orchestra was conducted by Albert Coates.
Paul Conway noted that "this assured score served notice that Bax, a proven master of the tone poem, was also a symphonist of the front rank". The work is in many ways autobiographical with some music critics suggesting they could find references within the work to the Great War.
# Võduvere, Jõgeva County

Võduvere is a village in Jõgeva Parish, Jõgeva County in eastern Estonia.
# 1989 Richmond (Yorks) by-election

A by-election was held in the Richmond (Yorks) constituency of the United Kingdom Parliament on 23 February 1989. It followed the resignation of the sitting Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) Leon Brittan on 31 December 1988, to allow him to take up the position of Vice-President of the European Commission.
The Conservative Party retained the seat, with future party leader William Hague the winner. The result was affected in part to the decision by the remnants of the Social Democratic Party (the part that objected to the merger with the Liberal Party the previous year) to contest the election as well as the newly formed Social and Liberal Democrats (who subsequently renamed themselves the Liberal Democrats). The SDP candidate, local farmer Mike Potter, finished second (with 16,909 votes, 2,634 behind Hague), while the Social and Liberal Democrats' Barbara Pearce came third with 11,589.
The Labour Party achieved only fourth place in the election, at that time their worst position in any English by-election since World War II.
Hague retained the seat for the next 26 years, winning re-election at the 1992, 1997, 2001, 2005 and 2010 general elections. The Conservative Party would not win another by-election until Uxbridge eight years later, after the Conservatives had left government, by which time Hague was leader.They wouldn't win another by-election in government until Newark 25 years later.

## Results

Richmond by-election, 1989 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | William Hague | 19,543 | 37.2 | −24.0 |
| | SDP | Mike Potter | 16,909 | 32.2 | New |
| | SLD | Barbara Pearce | 11,589 | 22.1 | −4.9 |
| | Labour | Frank Robson | 2,591 | 4.9 | −6.9 |
| | Green | Robert Upshall | 1,473 | 2.8 | New |
| | Monster Raving Loony | David "Lord" Sutch | 167 | 0.3 | New |
| | Independent | Anthony Millns | 113 | 0.2 | New |
| | Corrective Party | Lindi St Clair | 106 | 0.2 | New |
| | Liberal | Nicholas Watkins | 70 | 0.1 | New |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 2,634 | 5.0 | −29.2 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 52,561 | 64.4 | −7.7 |
| | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Swing | | |
Anthony Millns was an independent candidate who used his occupation "University Information Officer" on the ballot paper. His campaign was focused on keeping the brewery company Theakstons within British ownership.
# 1990 Dushanbe riots

The 1990 Dushanbe riots marked a period of heightened civil disobedience and inter-ethnic violence in the capital city of the Tajik SSR of the Soviet Union. Existing tensions over lacking economic and political reforms were exacerbated by the arrival of Armenian refugees from the Azerbaijan SSR due to the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. The mass movement of Tajik nationalists (e.g., the Rastokhez), anti-communists, and Islamists targeted ethnic minorities, such as Armenians, Russians, Jews, as well as unaffiliated Tajiks—namely women who did not conform to Islamic clothing standards. By late 1991, the dissolution of the Soviet Union gave way to the Republic of Tajikistan declaring independence, though this was followed by the Tajikistani Civil War less than a year later.

## Causes
### Armenian refugees

In 1988, in the aftermath of the Sumgait pogrom and anti-Armenian riots in Azerbaijan, 39 Armenian refugees from Azerbaijan were temporarily resettled in Dushanbe. In 1990, the Armenian influx became a subject of the rumour that triggered riots in Dushanbe. The rumour inflated the number of refugees to 2,500–5,000. According to rumour Armenians allegedly were being resettled in new housing in Dushanbe, which was experiencing an acute housing shortage at that time. Despite the fact that Armenian refugees resettled not in public housing but with their relatives, and by 1990 had already left Tajikistan for Armenia, official denouncement of the rumours was not able to stop the protests. Assurances by First Secretary of the Communist Party of Tajikistan Qahhor Mahkamov that no resettlement of Armenians were taking place were rejected by the demonstrators.

### Economy, politics, and Islam

Soon, demonstrations sponsored by the nationalist Rastokhez movement turned violent. Radical economical and political reforms were demanded by the protesters. Government buildings, shops and other businesses were attacked and looted. Armenians, Russians, and other ethnic minorities were targeted. Abuse of Tajik women wearing European clothes in public also took place. The riots were put down by Soviet troops called into Dushanbe by Mahkamov. However Mahkamov's over-reliance on military force was criticized by Buri Karimov, a deputy chair of Council of Ministers, who called for the resignation of the leadership of the Tajik Communist Party. On February 14, 1990 Mahkamov and Prime Minister of Tajikistan Izatullo Khayoyev submitted their resignations, but they were not accepted by the Central Committee of the Tajik Communist Party.

### Riots and other Central Asian SSRs

During the Dushanbe riots, a period lasting a couple of days, 26 people were killed and 565 were injured. Among the Tajik youth activists convicted for participation in the riots was a future minister of the interior of Tajikistan Yaqub Salimov. Smaller scale anti-Armenian incidents were also recorded in neighboring Turkmenistan.

## Aftermath

Tajikistan would declare independence on 9 December 1991, from the collapsing Soviet Union. In 1992, a civil war would begin in the newly independent nation.