OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ad hoc testing

Ad hoc testing is a commonly used term for planned software testing that is performed without initial test case documentation; however, ad hoc testing can also be applied to other scientific research and quality control efforts. Ad hoc tests are useful for adding additional confidence to a resulting product or process, as well as quickly spotting important defects or inefficiencies, but they have some disadvantages, such as having inherent uncertainties in their performance and not being as useful without proper documentation post-execution and -completion. Occasionally, ad hoc testing is compared to exploratory testing as being less rigorous, though others argue that ad hoc testing still has value as "improvised testing that deals well with verifying a specific subject."

## Ad hoc testing of software

When testing software, that testing may be methodical or more improvisational. Methodical testing will include written test cases, which detail their own set of specified inputs, execution conditions, testing procedures, and expected results as a means of achieving a particular software testing objective. Ad hoc testing may have a more "improvisational" feel to it as initial test cases are not documented and the tester's intuition, skillset, and experience are more relevant; however, ad hoc testing of software is still largely a planned activity. The tester still intends to apply—as part of the overall software development process—their own methodology to find bugs not anticipated for by planned test cases using any means that seem appropriate given the situation. Ad hoc testing can, for example, be an extension of existing documented test cases but intend to apply invented variations of those test cases improvisationally without formally documenting the specifics beforehand. However, as Desikan notes, to get the most from an ad hoc test and limit its downsides, the test should be properly documented post-execution and -completion, and the results report should address how any defects were identified in a step-by-step manner.

## Ad hoc testing in other scientific pursuits

Ad hoc testing is not limited to software development. Ad hoc testing has been applied in other scientific and quality management scenarios. For example, ad hoc testing has been applied in standardized on-site testing at healthcare facilities of "the electromagnetic immunity of medical devices and help identify interference issues that might exist with critical medical devices as a result of emissions from RF transmitters," using IEEE/ANSI C63.18-2014. Other areas where ad hoc testing has been applied include:
* clinical diagnostics and point-of-care testing
* food and beverage safety
* healthcare and public health research
# Basis path testing

In software engineering, basis path testing, or structured testing, is a white box method for designing test cases. The method analyzes the control-flow graph of a program to find a set of linearly independent paths of execution. The method normally uses McCabe cyclomatic complexity to determine the number of linearly independent paths and then generates test cases for each path thus obtained. Basis path testing guarantees complete branch coverage (all edges of the control-flow graph), but achieves that without covering all possible paths of the control-flow graph – the latter is usually too costly. Basis path testing has been widely used and studied.
# Playing God (1997 film)

Playing God is a 1997 American dramatic crime thriller film directed by Andy Wilson and written by Mark Haskell Smith. It stars David Duchovny (in his first starring role after achieving success with The X-Files), Timothy Hutton, and Angelina Jolie.

## Plot

Eugene Sands, a surgeon has his medical license revoked after operating under the influence of amphetamines and opiates. A crime lord named Raymond Blossom happens upon him in a bar where Sands saves someone's life with an emergency procedure to inflate a collapsed lung. Blossom hires Sands as his personal physician, patching up his accomplices when they cannot go to a hospital, and tending to the crime boss and his girlfriend, Claire. In the final act of the film, Claire and Sands become involved, and he must face up to conflicting loyalties to Blossom, Claire, and the FBI agent who has blackmailed him into being an informant.

## Cast

* David Duchovny as Dr. Eugene Sands
* Timothy Hutton as Raymond Blossom
* Angelina Jolie as Claire
* Michael Massee as Gage
* Peter Stormare as Vladimir
* Andrew Tiernan as Cyril
* Gary Dourdan as Yates
* John Hawkes as Flick
* Will Stewart as Perry
* Philip Moon as Casey
* Pavel D. Lynchnikoff as Andrei
* Tracey Walter as Jim
* Sandra Kinder as Sue
* Bill Rosier as Jerry
* Keone Young as Mr. Ksi
* Stella Garcia as South African Businesswoman

## Production

Its release was delayed due to initial negative reactions from test audiences. The film's trailer contained a brief glimpse of a sex scene between Duchovny and Jolie. Jolie later confirmed that she had filmed two sex scenes for the movie, but were edited out of the final cut.

## Music

The song "Spybreak!" by Propellerheads was used in this film two years before its stardom debut as the main song of the blockbuster movie The Matrix (1999).

## Reception

The film did not fare well financially or with critics, scoring just a 16% at the review site Rotten Tomatoes and making only $4,166,918 at the US theater box office. Popular film critic Roger Ebert however, gave the film three stars, saying: "This may not be a great movie, but for both Duchovny and Hutton, it's a turning point", citing Duchovny's ability to "stand above the action" like Clint Eastwood; and Hutton's ability to create a real character as the villain, instead of merely filling a space.
In an interview with the New York Times dated 9 April 2000, David Duchovny himself, while talking about production difficulties, stated that “Playing God was a mistake only because we didn't have a script ready... I should have just bailed out, but I didn't know."
# Maryland, London

Maryland is a neighbourhood in Stratford in London, United Kingdom. It is in the London Borough of Newham. The community centres around Maryland Station and borders Leytonstone to the north, Stratford New Town to the west and Forest Gate to the east, with Stratford town centre to the south-west.

## History

Maryland's earliest known recorded appearance is on a map of Essex published by J. Oliver in 1696, where it is marked as 'Maryland Point'. The origin of the name is uncertain:
* One popular theory is that it originated with a rich local merchant who bought land and built in the area having returned from the then American colony of Maryland. If true, then London's Maryland would be an unusual example of a place in Britain named after an American location. Various attempts have been made to identify such a merchant. Richard Lee (1617–1664, great-great-grandfather of Confederate General Robert E. Lee), who emigrated to Virginia around 1640 and became a tobacco planter, trader, an owner and trader of slaves, had an estate which included land on the Maryland side of the Potomac River, near a place known as Maryland Point (later to be the site of the Maryland Point Light). On returning to England in 1658, Lee bought land in Stratford, and in 1662 was recorded as owning a large house there. However, retired history professor Ged Martin has questioned the American name-origin theory, finding limited documentary support for the story, and noting that Lee's interests were far more associated with Virginia than Maryland.
* Professor Martin has put forward an explanation that the name has an etymology related to similar names in the region and derives from Old English words for a boundary, cognate to the Anglo-Saxon words maere and mearc.
With the growth of Stratford in the mid-19th century the vicinity was built up as Stratford New Town, and Maryland gained a prosperous shopping thoroughfare. Maryland station opened in 1874.
By 2021, the population and distinctivness of the area was sufficient for it to be recognised for the first time as an electoral ward in Newham, with the first two councillors for Maryland elected in 2022.

## Notable people

* 'The Birthplace of Iron Maiden', Cart & Horses, 1 Maryland Point
* Charles Edmund Clutterbuck (1806–1861), stained glass artist
* Charles Hitchcock, grandfather to Alfred Hitchcock, had a fishmongery business at 20 Leytonstone Road
* Dorothy Kilner (1755–1836), children's writer
* Anna Kingsford (1846–1888), anti-vivisectionist, theosophist, suffragette and campaigner for women's rights, née Bonus, was born at Maryland Point

## Transport

* Maryland Station is served by Elizabeth line trains, with a frequency of 5 minutes in each direction. Trains towards central London run a stopping service terminating at London Paddington and Heathrow Airport. To the east, trains run a stopping service terminating at Shenfield.
* Maryland is served by bus routes 69 (24hr), 257, 308, and night bus N8.

## Education

Local primary schools include Maryland Primary School, St. Francis' Catholic Primary School, and Colegrave Primary School.
# Monke

Monke may refer to:

## People
### Surname or alias

* Anja Monke (born 1977), German golfer
* John Monke (c. 1659–1701), British politician
* Monke, alias of Sir Thomas Monck (1570–1627), British politician

### Fictional

* Roxy Monke, a character in The Power (Alderman novel)

## Other uses

* Monke, an alternative spelling of monk, a person who practices religious asceticism by monastic living
* Return to Monke, a modern internet meme
** Return to Monke, a song by Viagra Boys from Cave World
# Suman (actor)

Suman is an Indian actor known for his work in South Indian films. He played the male lead and supporting characters mostly in Telugu and Tamil movies. He also featured in a few Kannada, Malayalam and Hindi. In a career spanning almost 5 decades, he has acted in more than 700 movies in 10 languages. He was one of the most prominent actors of Telugu cinema during the 1980s and 1990s.

## Early life

Suman was born in a Tulu-speaking Billava family in Madras of present-day Tamil Nadu. His mother, Kesari Chandra, was the Principal of the Ethiraj College for Women in Chennai. His father, Susheel Chandra, worked for I.O.C. Chennai. He attended The Besant Theosophical High School, Chennai and completed a B.A. in English Literature. Suman learnt music and Sanskrit from H.A.S. Shastri.

## Career

He acted in many action and romantic movies in Telugu, including Tharangini (1982), Neti Bharatam (1983) and Sitaara (1984). Suman played many mythological characters such as Venkateswara, Shiva, and Rama in Telugu feature films. He won Nandi Award for Best Actor for his role in the 1993 film Bava Bavamaridi.
He returned to acting by playing the villain in the Tamil films Sivaji (2007) and Kuruvi (2008). He played the main antagonist in the Malayalam movie Sagar alias Jacky (2009). He also won the Asianet Film Honour Special Jury Award in 2009.
He has also appeared in a Bollywood film, Gabbar Is Back (2015), starring as the antagonist pit against Akshay Kumar.

## Politics

Suman initially started showing his interest in politics by supporting Telugu Desam Party during 1999 under the leadership of the then Chief Minister N. Chandrababu Naidu. In 2004, he, along with his supporters, joined Bharatiya Janata Party.

## Personal life

Suman is married to Sirisha, and they have a daughter.
# Lygisaurus zuma

Lygisaurus zuma, the sun-loving litter-skink, is a species of skink found in Queensland in Australia.
# Sayyid Muhammad (Khan of Khiva)

Sayyid Muhammad Khan (Turki and Persian: سید محمد خان; 1823–1864), was the 10th ruler of the Uzbek Kungrat dynasty in the Khanate of Khiva. He reigned between 1856 and 1864.

## Biography

In 1855, the 7th ruler of Khiva, Muhammad Amin Bahadur Khan, tragically died in a battle against the Turkmen Teke tribe near Serakhs. After his death, power in Khiva passed to his son Abdullah Khan (1855), who, however, also died in the battle against nomadic tribes six months later. Then his brother Kutlugh Murad Khan (1837–1856) ascended the throne but was soon assassinated.
In 1856, their great-uncle Sayyid Muhammad Khan, the son of the 4th ruler of Khiva Mohammed Rahim Khan, came to power in the Khiva Khanate, and he was able to restore order in the state and prevent further attacks by the Turkmen nomadic tribes.
During his reign, diplomatic relations were maintained with Russia, the Ottoman Empire, Iran, and Afghanistan. In 1858, the Russian envoy Nikolay Pavlovich Ignatyev visited Khiva. In 1863, Said Muhammad Khan also received the famous Hungarian traveler Ármin Vámbéry.
During the reign of Sayyid Muhammad Khan, an official reception hall (Kurinishkhana), was built in Khiva. During these years, the historian Agahi wrote the history of Khorezm. Among the famous people under his reign was the composer, calligrapher and painter Kamil Khorezmi (1825–1899).
After his death in 1864, his son Muhammad Rahim Khan II, who had received a careful education, succeeded him.
# Simpang

Simpang, is a planning area located in the North Region of Singapore. The word Simpang means junction or intersection in Malay. It is situated north of Yishun, east of Sembawang and west of Seletar. Pulau Seletar is classified under Simpang planning area. Jalan Kuala Simpang was the main road serving the area. Sungei Simpang Kiri, Sungei Simpang Kanan and Simpang Kiri Park Connector retain and reflect the name of the area.
Simpang is currently a swamp area which is used by the Singapore Armed Forces as a training ground since the early 1996, after the plan of developing a "Simpang New Town" was rejected. In the original 1993 plan, the area was slated for 20,000 housing units in a low density. After the rejection and lull, there are plans for it to be converted into a high-density housing estate.
Simpang has four subzones for statistical and planning purposes: Pulau Seletar, Simpang North, Simpang South and Tanjong Irau.
# Nettelhorsterbrug

The Nettelhorsterbrug is a bridge being built by the Royal BAM Group over the Twentekanaal as part of provincial road N346 [nl] in Lochem, the Netherlands. The bridge's name pays homage to the nearby hamlet Nettelhorst [nl], chosen through an electoral process. On 21 February 2024 at 11:00 am Central European Time (UTC+1), a segment of the Nettelhorsterbrug under construction collapsed, resulting in two fatalities and two to five injuries.

## Bridge

Upon completion, the bridge will span 136 meters in length, 25 meters in height, and 12.5 meters in width, with a total weight of 1.3 million kilograms (2.9 million pounds). Bridges of such dimensions are uncommon in the Netherlands.
Manufactured by Aelterman [nl] in Ghent, Belgium, the bridge components were transported to Lochem for assembly due to the unsuitability of the current infrastructure around the Twentekanaal for shipping entire bridge constructions on pontoons.

## Collapse

Part of the bridge collapsed shortly after 11:00 AM local time (UTC+1) on 21 February 2024, while workmen were hoisting arches. The rescue operation commenced at 11:11 AM, involving three trauma teams by helicopters and numerous emergency vehicles. Initial assessments by experts suggest that the cranes used were adequate for the task, and the disaster was attributed to a broken lifting point.
The victims of the collapse included two individuals not affiliated with the Royal BAM Group, one employed by Belgian construction company Aertssen and the other of Polish nationality. Additionally, two Belgian individuals sustained injuries and were hospitalized, with one discharged from the hospital on 23 February.
An investigation into the cause of the collapse is being conducted by the Nederlandse Arbeidsinspectie [nl], and no work on the bridge will resume for at least a week pending the investigation. Prime Minister of the Netherlands, Mark Rutte, expressed condolences, describing the accident as "tragic" and extending wishes for strength to the victims and their families.
# Sinibrama longianalis

Sinibrama longianalis is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Sinibrama. This species is endemic to Guizhou in China.
# Glutagence Glow Boosters

The Glutagence Glow Boosters were a professional women's basketball team playing in the Women's National Basketball League of the Philippines.

## History

The Glutagence Glow Boosters, owned by Justin Tan, were among the participating teams of the 2021 season of Women's National Basketball League of the Philippines, the league's first season as a professional league. In the inaugural WNBL draft, Glutagence had the most picks due to opting to only "protect" or guarantee three select players in its roster.
Glutagence were able to advance to the semifinals of the 2021 WNBL season. However, they were disqualified by the league after the team owners failed to pay the franchise fee and their opponents, the Taguig Lady Generals advance to the final series. The team management also reportedly fail to pay their players on time.
# Gimlet Pegram Truss Railroad Bridge

The Gimlet Bridge is a 217-foot, single span Pegram truss railroad bridge in Blaine County, Idaho. It is 17 feet (5.2 m) and is supported by concrete piers at each end. It provides 21 feet (6.4 m) clearance above a roadbed below.
The Gimlet Bridge was constructed in 1894. In 1914, the bridge was disassembled and relocated to Blaine County, Idaho. It crosses the Big Wood River 6 miles south of Ketchum, Idaho. This bridge served the Union Pacific from 1936 to 1981 bringing skiers on luxury trains to Sun Valley, Idaho. In 1984, the Blaine County recreation district converted the bridge to pedestrian use. In 1997, the bridge was placed on the National Register of Historic Places.
The bridge was fabricated in 1894 by the Edge Moor Bridge Works of Wilmington, Delaware.
# Glasgow Bridge, Missouri

The Glasgow Bridge was five-span through truss bridge over the Missouri River on Route 240 between Howard County, Missouri and Saline County, Missouri at Glasgow, Missouri.
It was built in 1878-79 and rehabilitated in 1986. Its main span was 343.7 feet and its total length was 2,243.5 feet. It had a deck width of 20.3 feet and vertical clearance of 14.8 feet. It was narrowed to a single lane in its final few years (with stoplights on either side) before being closed and replaced in 2008-09. The new bridge reopened in September 2009 and the project was completed in autumn of that year.
# Vly

Vly may refer to:
* A short form for Valley
* An alternate spelling for Vlaie, a Dutch name for a swamp
* Vly Mountain, a mountain located in the town of Halcott, New York, United States in Greene County
VLY may refer to:
* IATA code for Anglesey Airport (civilian) / RAF Valley (military) on Anglesey, Wales
* Vaginolysin, a bacterial toxin
# Union Hall, Virginia

Union Hall is a census-designated place (CDP) in Franklin County, Virginia, United States. The population estimate was approximately 1,091 according to a census in 2018. It is part of the Roanoke metropolitan area.

## Geography

Union Hall is located at 37°1′35″N 79°41′31″W﻿ / ﻿37.02639°N 79.69194°W﻿ / 37.02639; -79.69194 (37.026474, −79.691856).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 18.0 square miles (46.7 km$^2$), of which, 14.5 square miles (37.6 km$^2$) of it is land and 3.5 square miles (9.1 km$^2$) of it (19.59%) is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2018, there were 1,091 people, 499 households, and 390 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 60.6 people per square mile (23.4/km$^2$). There were 1,103 housing units at an average density of 61.3/sq mi (23.6/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the CDP was 94.2% White, 2.4% African American, 1.7% Asian, and 1.6% from two or more races.
There were 499 households, out of which 6.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 71.9% were married couples living together, 3.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 2.4% had a male householder with no wife present. Non-family households make up for about 21.8%. 20.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.19 and the average family size was 2.42.
In 2018, the population in Union Hall was spread out, with 8.2% under the age of 18, 0% from 18 to 24, 4.3% from 25 to 34, 8.3% from 35 to 44, 12.2% from 45-54, 9.6% from 55 to 59, 16.4% from 60 to 64, and 40.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 62.4 years. For every 100 females there were 91.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.7 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $81,181, and the median income for a family was $96,667. The per capita income for the CDP was $54,820. 6.8% of households have an income of less than $10,000.

## Notable people

* Norwood Allman, US consular officer, judge and lawyer was born in Union Hall in 1893
* Archie Edwards, the Piedmont blues musician, was born in Union Hall in 1918.
# Goose River Bridge (Hillsboro, North Dakota)

The Goose River Bridge was a Pratt through truss bridge over the Goose River near Hillsboro, North Dakota that was built in 1893. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.
It was delisted from the National Register on March 25, 2009.
# Graham Road Covered Bridge

Graham Road Bridge is a covered bridge which formerly spanned the west branch of the Ashtabula River in Pierpont Township, Ashtabula County, Ohio, United States. Built from remnants of a former covered bridge that was damaged in a flood in 1913, the bridge now sits in an Ashtabula County MetroPark along the south side of Graham Road, near its original site, and is a single span Town truss design. Relocated in 1972, it is no longer open to vehicle traffic. The bridge’s WGCB number is 35-04-13, and it is located approximately 8.4 miles (13.5 km) east-northeast of Jefferson.

## History

* 1913 – Bridge constructed.
* 1972 – Bridge moved to its current site.

## Dimensions

* Length: 97 feet (29.6 m)

## Gallery

* View from the southwest
* View from the east end of the bridge, looking toward its former site