OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# List of political parties in Suriname

This article lists political parties in Suriname. Suriname has a multi-party system with numerous political parties, in which no one party often has a chance of gaining power alone, and parties must work with each other to form coalition governments.

## Parties

| Party | Abbr. | Founded | Position | Ideology | Leader | National Assembly |
| Progressive Reform Party Dutch: Vooruitstrevende Hervormingspartij | VHP | 1949 | Centre to centre-left | Social democracy Third Way | Chan Santokhi | 20 / 51 |
| National Democratic Party Dutch: Nationale Democratische Partij | NDP | 1987 | Left-wing | Left-wing nationalism Left-wing populism | Jennifer Geerlings-Simons | 16 / 51 |
| General Liberation and Development Party Dutch: Algemene Bevrijdings- en Ontwikkelingspartij | ABOP | 1990 | Centre-left | Social democracy Maroon interests | Ronnie Brunswijk | 8 / 51 |
| National Party of Suriname Dutch: Nationale Partij Suriname | NPS | 1946 | Centre-left | Social democracy | Gregory Rusland | 3 / 51 |
| Pertjajah Luhur Dutch: Vol vertrouwen | PL | 1998 | | Javanese Surinamese interests | Bronto Somohardjo | 1 / 51 |
| Brotherhood and Unity in Politics Dutch: Broederschap en Eenheid in de Politiek | BEP | 1973 | Centre-left | Social democracy Maroon interests | Ronny Asabina [nl] | 2 / 51 |
| Reform and Renewal Movement Dutch: Hervormings- en Vernieuwingsbeweging | HVB | 2017 | | Javanese Surinamese interests | Mike Noersalim | 0 / 51 |
| Democracy and Development through Unity Dutch: Democratie en Ontwikkeling in Eenheid | DOE | 1999 | | Reformism | Steven Alfaisi | 0 / 51 |
| Surinamese Labour Party Dutch: Surinaamse Partij van de Arbeid | SPA | 1987 | Centre-left | Social democracy Laborism | Joyce Amarello-Williams | 0 / 51 |
| Democratic Alternative '91 Dutch: Democratisch Alternatief '91 | DA'91 | 1991 | Centre-right | Liberalism | Angelic Alihusain-del Castilho | 0 / 51 |
| Sustainable and Righteous Cohabitation Dutch: Duurzaam en Rechtvaardig Samenleven | DRS | 2014 | Centre-left | Social democracy Laborism | Clifford Marica | 0 / 51 |
| Social Democratic Union Dutch: Sociaal Democratische Unie | SDU | 2019 | | | Celsius Waterberg | 0 / 51 |
| Progressive Workers' and Farmers' Union Dutch: Progressieve Arbeiders- en Landbouwersunie | PALU | 1977 | Far-left | | Jim Hok | 0 / 51 |
| The New Lion Dutch: De Nieuwe Leeuw | DNL | 2012 | | | Dharm Mungra | 0 / 51 |
| Nationale Ontwikkelings Partij | NOP | | | | Melvin Clemens | 0 / 51 |
| Party for National Unity and Solidarity | KTPI | 1949 | | | Iwan Ganga | 0 / 51 |
| New Style KTPI Dutch: Nieuwe Stijl KTPI | NSK | 2014 | | | Oesman Wangsabesari | 0 / 51 |
| The New Wind Dutch: De Nieuwe Wind | DNW | 2019 | | | | 0 / 51 |
| Alternative 2020 Dutch: Alternatief 2020 | A20 | 2019 | | | Steven Reyme | 0 / 51 |
| Political Wing of the FAL | FAL | 1995 | | | | 0 / 51 |
| Seeka | SEEKA | 2001 | | | Paul Abena | 0 / 51 |

## Former parties

* Basic Party for Renewal and Democracy (BVD)
# StoneGate Christian Academy

StoneGate Christian Academy (SGCA) is a private Christian school educating students entering high school, elementary and pre-school. It opened as a ministry of the Shady Grove Church in 1976 and became an independent 503(c) organization in April 2005. They are located near Highways 183 and 161 in Irving, Texas.
# Lucian-Hamilton Field

Lucian-Hamilton Field is a baseball park in Austin in the U.S. state of Texas and the home of the St. Edward's Hilltoppers baseball team. Located on the St. Edward's University campus, Lucian-Hamilton Field was built in 1968. It is named for former athletic director Lucian Blersch and former baseball coach Tom Hamilton.
# Diazald

Diazald (N-methyl-N-nitroso-p-toluenesulfonamide) is used as a relatively safe and easily handled precursor to diazomethane, which is toxic and unstable. Diazald has become the favored commercially available precursor for the synthesis of diazomethane, compared to reagents like N-methyl-N-nitrosourea and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, which are less thermally stable and more toxic and mutagenic, respectively.
Upon the addition of a base such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide and mild heating (65–70 °C) in a mixture of water, diethyl ether, and a high boiling polar cosolvent (e.g., diethylene glycol monomethyl ether), the N-nitrososulfonamide undergoes successive elimination reactions to produce diazomethane (which is codistilled as an ethereal solution) as well as a p-toluenesulfonate salt as a byproduct, according to the following mechanism:
Like other nitroso compounds, it is thermally sensitive, as a result of its weak N–NO bond whose bond dissociation energy was measured to be 33.4 kcal/mol.
# Telatrygon

Telatrygon is a genus of stingrays in the family Dasyatidae from the central Indo-Pacific. Its species were formerly contained within the genus Dasyatis.

## Species

The placement of T. acutirostra within the genus is provisional pending further study.
* Telatrygon acutirostra (Nishida & Nakaya, 1988) (sharpnose stingray)
* Telatrygon biasa Last, White & Naylor, 2016 (Indonesian sharpnose ray)
* Telatrygon crozieri (Blyth, 1860) (Indian sharpnose ray)
* Telatrygon zugei (Müller & Henle, 1841) (pale-edged stingray)
# 1999 Nigerian Senate elections in Kaduna State

The 1999 Nigerian Senate election in Kaduna State was held on February 20, 1999, to elect members of the Nigerian Senate to represent Kaduna State. Dalhatu Tafida representing Kaduna North and Haruna Aziz Zeego representing Kaduna South won on the platform of Peoples Democratic Party, while Mohammed Aruwa representing Kaduna Central won on the platform of the All Nigeria Peoples Party.

## Overview

| Affiliation | Party | Party | Total |
| Affiliation | PDP | ANPP | Total |
| Before Election | | | 3 |
| After Election | 2 | 1 | 3 |

## Summary

| District | Elected Senator | Party |
| Kaduna North | Dalhatu Tafida | PDP |
| Kaduna South | Haruna Aziz Zeego | PDP |
| Kaduna Central | Mohammed Aruwa | ANPP |

## Results
### Kaduna North

The election was won by Dalhatu Tafida of the Peoples Democratic Party.
1999 Nigerian Senate election in Kaduna State :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | PDP | Dalhatu Tafida | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | | |
| | PDP hold | PDP hold | PDP hold | PDP hold |

### Kaduna South

The election was won by Haruna Aziz Zeego of the Peoples Democratic Party.
1999 Nigerian Senate election in Kaduna State :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | PDP | Haruna Aziz Zeego | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | | |
| | PDP hold | PDP hold | PDP hold | PDP hold |

### Kaduna Central

The election was won by Mohammed Aruwa of the All Nigeria Peoples Party.
1999 Nigerian Senate election in Kaduna State :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | ANPP | Mohammed Aruwa | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | | |
| | ANPP hold | ANPP hold | ANPP hold | ANPP hold |
# 1568 in literature

This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1568.

## Events

* October – The Bishops' Bible (inscribed The Holie Bible) is published as a translation into English made under the authority of the Church of England.

## New books
### Prose

* Wawrzyniec Grzymała Goślicki – De optimo senatore
* Petar Hektorović – Ribanje i ribarsko prigovaranje (Discourse on Fishing and Fishermen)
* Hans Sachs and Jost Amman (illustrations) – Das Ständebuch (Book of Trades)
* William Turner
** Of Sage
** A New Boke on the Natures and Properties of all Wines
* Giorgio Vasari – Le Vite delle più eccellenti pittori, scultori, ed architettori (Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects; revised edition)
* Christopher Watson (translator) – The hystories of the most famous and worthy chronographer Polybius

### Children

* Niels Bredal – The Child's Mirror (in Danish)

### Drama

* Ulpian Fulwell – Like Will to Like
* William Wager – The Longer Thou Livest, The More Foole Thou Art

### Poetry

* François d'Amboise – Élégie sur le trépas d'Anne de Montmorency
* See also 1568 in poetry

## Births

* January 20 – Daniel Cramer, German Lutheran theologian (died 1637)
* February 11 – Honoré d'Urfé, French novelist (died 1625)
* March 30 – Henry Wotton, English diplomat and author (died 1639)
* July 7 – Richard Burbage, English actor and theater owner (died 1619)
* September 5 – Tommaso Campanella, Italian philosopher and poet (died 1639)
* Unknown date – Richard Baker, English chronicler (died 1645)

## Deaths

* April 7 – Onofrio Panvinio, Italian historian (born 1529)
* September 14 – Jan van Casembroot, Flemish humanist poet (executed, born c. 1525)
* December 23 – Roger Ascham, English didact (born c. 1515)
* Unknown dates
** Antoine Héroet, French poet
** Garcia de Orta, Portuguese Jewish physician, naturalist, and medical writer (born 1501/2)
** Dirk Philips, Frisian Anabaptist theologian (born 1504)
# 2025 Rostov Oblast gubernatorial election

The 2025 Rostov Oblast gubernatorial election will take place on 14 September 2025, on common election day. Acting Governor of Rostov Oblast Yury Slyusar is eligible to run for a full term in office.

## Background

Vasily Golubev, Head of Administration of Leninsky District in Moscow Oblast, was elected Governor of Rostov Oblast in June 2010 by the Legislative Assembly of Rostov Oblast, replacing retiring four-term incumbent Vladimir Chub. Golubev ran for re-election in 2015 and 2020 with 78.21% and 65.53% of the vote, respectively.
In 2024 Golubev was rumoured to resign early ahead of the 2025 election. On November 4, 2024, Golubev announced his resignation and later that day President of Russia Vladimir Putin appointed United Aircraft Corporation CEO Yury Slyusar as acting Governor of Rostov Oblast. Experts mostly cited Golubev's long tenure in office as the main reason for his resignation (he was third longest-serving governor at the time of his resignation), however, declining approval ratings might also be the deciding factor. Later in November 2024 Golubev was appointed to the Federation Council by the Legislative Assembly of Rostov Oblast, replacing incumbent Senator Irina Rukavishnikova.

## Candidates

In Rostov Oblast candidates for Governor of Rostov Oblast can be nominated only by registered political parties. Candidate for Governor of Rostov Oblast should be a Russian citizen and at least 30 years old. Candidates for Governor of Rostov Oblast should not have a foreign citizenship or residence permit. Each candidate in order to be registered is required to collect at least 5% of signatures of members and heads of municipalities. Also gubernatorial candidates present 3 candidacies to the Federation Council and election winner later appoints one of the presented candidates.

### Publicly expressed interest

* Yury Slyusar (United Russia), acting Governor of Rostov Oblast (2024–present), former general director of United Aircraft Corporation (2019–2024)
# Eddie Durie

Sir Edward Taihakurei Durie KNZM (born 18 January 1940) is a New Zealand jurist who served on the High Court of New Zealand between 1998 and 2004. He was the first Māori appointed a judge of a New Zealand court.

## Career

Durie graduated with a BA and an LLB from Victoria University of Wellington in 1964.
Durie was appointed a judge in 1974 and then was the Chief Judge of the Māori Land Court from 1980–1998, Chairman of the Waitangi Tribunal from 1980–2004, and a Law Commissioner. In 1998 he was appointed to the High Court of New Zealand. He retired from the High Court in 2004, at which point he was the longest-serving member of the New Zealand judiciary.
In 2009, Durie was appointed by Attorney-General Chris Finlayson to chair the Ministerial taskforce on the Foreshore and Seabed Act 2004.
In 2012, Durie was elected to the Maori Council and elected co-chair, a role he held until being appointed the sole chair of the national body in April 2016.
On 27 January 2025, Durie presented in person to the Select Committee considering the draft Treaty Principles Bill. Durie opposed the bill and said that the bill ignored 50 years of examination of cases that inform the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi by "well-qualified Māori and Pākehā of the Waitangi Tribunal". Moreover, if the bill became law, he believed the New Zealand government "would be the laughing stock of the western world, who understand how responsible states today seek to manage relationships with their indigenous people."

## Honours and awards

In 1977, Durie was awarded the Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal, and in 1990 he received the New Zealand 1990 Commemoration Medal. In the 2008 New Year Honours, Durie was appointed a Distinguished Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to the Maori Land Court, Waitangi Tribunal and High Court of New Zealand. In 2009, following the reinstatement of titular honours by the New Zealand government, he accepted redesignation as a Knight Companion of New Zealand Order of Merit.
Durie holds honorary doctorates from Victoria University of Wellington, Massey University and the University of Waikato.

## Personal life

Durie is of Rangitāne, Ngāti Kauwhata and Ngāti Raukawa descent. The community leader John Mason Durie (1889–1971) was his grandfather, and he is the younger brother of Māori academic, Professor Sir Mason Durie. Durie is married to lawyer Donna Hall who operates a law firm, Woodward, from their home in Lower Hutt.
On 13 April 2002, Durie's 8-month-old adopted daughter Kahurautete ('Kahu') was kidnapped at gunpoint in Lower Hutt and held for $3 million ransom. Kahu was found by police eight days later, 360 kilometres (220 mi) away in Taumarunui. The kidnapper was sentenced to eleven years imprisonment and released after serving seven years. The kidnapping was the subject of the 2010 film Stolen: The Baby Kahu Story in which Eddie Durie was played by George Henare.
# Cotham School

Cotham School is a secondary school with academy status in Cotham, a suburb of Bristol, England. The catchment area for this school is Cotham, Clifton, Kingsdown, Southern Redland, Bishopston, St Paul's and Easton.
The school shares a sixth form, the North Bristol Post 16 Centre, with nearby Redland Green School. The Cotham campus is situated in Charnwood House, although sixth form lessons also take place at the main school site. Construction on a new teaching and dining block was finished in 2018 and increased the school's capacity significantly.
Cotham School is one of the few schools in the UK to have educated two Nobel laureates: Paul Dirac, who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1933, and Peter Higgs, who received the same award in 2013.

## History

Cotham School was established in 1856. Its predecessor was the Merchant Venturers' School. Until the academic year 2000/01, Cotham was a grammar school. It became a comprehensive in 2001, and an academy in September 2011. A £20m redevelopment and expansion was completed in 2012, using funding from the Building Schools for the Future programme.
The BBC drama Thirteen was filmed here in 2015.

## Notable alumni

* Tony Badger, Master of Clare College, Cambridge, 2003–14; Paul Mellon Professor of American History, University of Cambridge, 1992–2014.
* Paul Dirac, Lucasian Professor of Mathematics from 1932 to 1969 at the University of Cambridge, who won the 1933 Nobel Prize in Physics with Erwin Schrödinger for work on quantum mechanics.
* Wallace Fox, Professor of Community Therapeutics from 1979 to 1986 at the Cardiothoracic Institute, Royal Brompton Hospital; did important work on tuberculosis
* David Garmston, journalist
* Peter Higgs, Professor of Theoretical Physics from 1980 to 1996 at the University of Edinburgh; received the 2013 Nobel Prize in Physics with François Englert for his work on subatomic particles including the Higgs boson;
* Maya Jama, TV presenter
* John James, businessman and philanthropist
* Martyn Jarrett, Bishop of Beverley 2000–2012; Bishop of Burnley from 1994 to 2000
* Laya Lewis, actress
* Gary Mabbutt, professional footballer for Bristol Rovers F.C., Tottenham Hotspur F.C. and England
* Arthur Milton, cricketer and footballer
* John Mortimore, cricketer
* Michael Parsons, designer of bridges including the Severn and Humber Bridges
* John Perry, musician and author. Guitarist The Only Ones
* Greg Poole, artist
* Derek Robinson, novelist
* John Saxbee, Bishop of Lincoln 2001–2011; Bishop of Ludlow from 1994 to 2001
* Julian Sedgwick, actor
* John Tidmarsh, journalist
* Amy Willerton, contestant on I'm a Celebrity 2013 and contestant in Miss Universe
* Russell Wood, cricketer
# The New Friend

The New Friend may refer to:
* "The New Friend" (Frasier), a television episode
* "The New Friend" (Seinfeld) or "The Boyfriend", a television episode
* New Friend, a 1927 Singaporean silent film
* "New Friend", a song by No Doubt from Everything in Time
# A. J. Shepherd

Alvin Junior "A. J." Shepherd (June 11, 1926 – May 8, 2005) was an American race car driver.

## Career

Born in Chester, Arkansas, he drove in the USAC Championship Car series, racing in the 1960–1961 seasons with 7 starts, including the 1961 Indianapolis 500. He finished in the top ten 4 times, with his best finish in 4th position, in 1961 at Springfield. He finished 26 in his only race at Indy. He also raced in the IMCA circuit in the 1950s, and CRA California.

## Death

Shepherd died in Miami, Oklahoma after living much of his life in Wichita, Kansas.
# Ognissanti, Florence

The chiesa di San Salvatore di Ognissanti, or more simply chiesa di Ognissanti (Italian:; "Church of All Saints"), is a Franciscan church located on the eponymous piazza [it] in central Florence, region of Tuscany, Italy. Founded by the lay order of the Umiliati, the church was dedicated to all the saints and martyrs, known and unknown.
It is the burial place of the famous Early Renaissance painter, Sandro Botticelli, as well as Age of Discovery-era explorer Amerigo Vespucci, from whom the name "America" is derived.

## History

It was completed originally during the 1250s, but almost completely rebuilt around 1627 in Baroque-style by the architect Bartolomeo Pettirossi. Soon after, a new façade (1637) was erected using designs by Matteo Nigetti, that conserved the glazed terracotta lunette over the doorway, which while resembling the work of Della Robbia, is now attributed to Benedetto Buglioni. Ognissanti was among the first examples of Baroque architecture to penetrate this Renaissance city. Its three reversed orders of pilasters enclose niches and windows with elaborate cornices. To the left of the façade is a campanile of 13th and 14th century construction.
The Umiliati, by the dedication and probity of the lay brothers and sisters, gained a reputation in Florence, and dedicated works of art began to accumulate in their severely simple church. For example, Giotto's celebrated Madonna and Child with angels (c. 1310) was painted for the high altar. Recent cleaning of the Crucifix in the left transept has led this work to be attributed also to Giotto. During the sixteenth century, the Umiliati declined in power, and in 1571 the Franciscan order assumed control of the church, and were able to bring to the church precious relics, such as a robe of St Francis of Assisi.
In the early 17th-century, the interior was remodeled in Baroque style, with the apse rebuilt with a pietre dure high altar and a sotto in su perspective painting (1770) on the vaulted nave ceiling. Fifteenth-century frescoes by Domenico Ghirlandaio and Sandro Botticelli were preserved in the nave; Botticelli is buried in the church near his beloved Simonetta Vespucci. Botticelli's fresco of St Augustine in His Study faces across the nave the chapel with Ghirlandaio's St Jerome in His Study; both were executed contemporaneously in 1480.
Ghirlandaio also frescoed a version of the Last Supper in the refectory, now a museum, located between the two cloisters, a work which likely influenced Leonardo da Vinci's later work in Milan.
In the Vespucci chapel, a fresco by Domenico Ghirlandaio with his brother David, depicting the Madonna della Misericordia protecting members of the Vespucci family (c. 1472), is reputed to include the portrait of Amerigo Vespucci as a child. When Amerigo found a bay in the actual Brazil, he named to "San Salvatore di Ognissanti", in Portuguese "San Salvador de Todos os Santos": this is the origin of the name of the city of Salvador and Bahia de Todos os Santos.
Over the door to the sacristy is a crucifix in wood by Veit Stoss.
# Ronnie Shelton

Ronald Shelton (October 1, 1961 – September 25, 2018), better known as The West Side Rapist, was an American convicted serial rapist. He was convicted of raping over 30 women in Cleveland, Ohio, over a 6-year period. He may have raped up to 50 women. Shelton was caught on video using an ATM with his victims' bank cards.
He was the subject of the book Unfinished Murder: The Pursuit of a Serial Rapist by James Neff.

## Crimes

Shelton's modus operandi was to break into victims' homes wearing something to obscure his face. He would initially tell victims he was going to rob them, but then rape them. He would insist victims not look at him and threaten them if they reported him to police. His language and pattern of sexual assaults helped link his crimes.

## Trial

Timothy J. McGinty prosecuted the case in 1989. Shelton was found guilty of 220 charges, including 49 rapes of over 30 women in Cleveland, Ohio. Richard McMonagle sentenced him to between 1,554 and 3,195 years in prison. He received the longest sentence in Ohio's history.

## Death

On September 25, 2018, at 4.30pm Shelton, aged 56, jumped from the top of a prison building, suffering a skull fracture upon impact with the concrete below. He was pronounced dead at 8:15 pm at nearby MetroHealth Medical Center. Investigators did not immediately suspect foul play.
# HMS Prince George (1772)

HMS Prince George was a 90-gun second-rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched on 31 August 1772 at Chatham. During her career, she was upgraded to a 98-gun ship, through the addition of eight 12-pounder (5,448 g, 12.011 lb) guns to her quarterdeck.
In 1780, Prince George was part of Rodney's fleet at the Battle of Cape St. Vincent.
On 12 April 1782 she was seventh in line in the attack on the French fleet at the Battle of the Saintes under the command of Captain Williams.$^{:107}$
She fought at the Battle of Groix in 1795.
In 1807, Prince George, under Captain Woodley Losack, was in the West indies in the squadron under the command of Rear-Admiral Alexander Cochrane. The squadron captured the Telemaco, Carvalho and Master on 17 April 1807.
In December Prince George participated in Cochrane's expedition that captured the Danish islands of St Thomas on 22 December and Santa Cruz on 25 December. The Danes did not resist and the invasion was bloodless.

## Fate

Prince George was converted to serve as a sheer hulk in 1832. In 1835 she was used in a series of gunnery trials as a target ship, the results of which contributed to the rapid introduction of the shell firing gun. The Prince George was broken up in 1839.

## Gallery

* Prince William Henry arrives on the Prince George in New York on 16 Oct 1781.
* His Royal Highness Prince William Henry, serving as Midshipman on board His Majesty's Ship Prince George, c. 1778.