OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Langast

Langast (French pronunciation:; Breton: Lanwal; Gallo: Langau) is a former commune in the Côtes-d'Armor department of Brittany in northwestern France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Plouguenast-Langast.

## Population

Inhabitants of Langast are called langastiens or langastais in French.
# Shanghai Grass Court Championships

The Shanghai Grass Court Championships originally called the Shanghai Lawn Tennis Championships was a tennis tournament established in 1910. It was staged at the Shanghai Lawn Tennis Club, Shanghai, Republic of China and ran through until 1948 when it was abolished.

## History

The Shanghai Lawn Tennis Championships were first held circa 1910 and were organised by the Shanghai Lawn Tennis Association. The very earliest editions of the tournament did not feature open events for women. The championships tended to attract foreign players living in Shanghai mainly from Canada, France, Great Britain and Portugal. It also attracted Chinese players from other cities in Eastern China. The championships continued to be held until 1948 when it was abolished due to the ongoing Chinese Civil War.

## Other tournaments

* North China Open Championships, Tientsin Lawn Tennis Club.
* Shanghai Hard Court Championships.
# Czarnotki

Czarnotki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zaniemyśl, within Środa Wielkopolska County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) east of Zaniemyśl, 11 km (7 mi) south-west of Środa Wielkopolska, and 35 km (22 mi) south-east of the regional capital Poznań.
# Lincoln Township, Sherman County, Kansas

Lincoln Township is one of the thirteen townships of Sherman County, Kansas, United States. The population was 95 at the 2000 census.

## Geography

Located in the western part of the county, it borders the following townships:
* Grant Township — north
* Voltaire Township — northeastern corner
* Logan Township — east
* Smoky Township — southeast
* McPherson Township — south
* Stateline Township — west
It lies west of the county seat of Goodland. There are no cities in the township, although the unincorporated community of Ruleton lies in the center of the township.
Intermittent headwaters of Beaver Creek, a tributary of the Republican River, flow through Lincoln Township.

## Transportation

Interstate 70 and U.S. Route 24 travel east–west through Lincoln Township. A railroad line also travels east–west through Lincoln Township, just north of the interstate.

## Government

Lincoln Township is currently inactive; by Kansas law, when a township becomes inactive, its powers and duties revert to the county government.
# Czartki, Kalisz County

Czartki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Żelazków, within Kalisz County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) south-west of Żelazków, 10 km (6 mi) north-east of Kalisz, and 106 km (66 mi) south-east of the regional capital Poznań.
# Tomb of Shaykh Zahed Gilani

The Tomb of Shaykh Zahed Gilani (Persian: آرامگاه شیخ زاهد گیلانی) or Sheikhanvar (Persian: شیخانور) is a historical mausoleum in Lahijan, Iran. It dates back to the Safavid era. This mausoleum is the purported burial place of Zahed Gilani, a 13th-century Sufi mystic and the forefather of the Zahediyeh and Safaviyya Sufi orders, which would eventually evolve into the religion of the Safavid Empire. The mausoleum is the 824th national monument of Iran.

## History

Zahed Gilani died in 1301, during the early 14th century. The mausoleum was built in the late 15th century, presumably around 1480–1499, and it was renovated during the early Safavid era. Local tradition and folklore relates that the mausoleum's construction was ordered by Shaykh Haydar after he received an incomprehensible dream during his sleep. During the Qajar era, the walls were decorated extensively with tiles.

## Architecture

The mausoleum is constructed primarily out of wood and brick. It is rectangular in shape, and has a porch in front of it.
The dome of the mausoleum is in a unique, pagoda-like style. It is decorated with turquoise tiles. It has eight layers as well. The steep slopes on this dome allows rainwater to flow off smoothly.
Inside the mausoleum, there are two rooms. The square-shaped room underneath the dome holds the tomb of Zahed Gilani. The second room, more rectangular, holds two tombs. One of the tombs is dedicated to a religious cleric, Seyyed Razi ibn Mahdi al-Husseini, while the other tomb belongs to one of the daughters of the founder of the Timurid dynasty, Tamerlane.

## Other tombs

In the city of Lankaran in Azerbaijan, there is another tomb which is attributed to Zahed Gilani. Some do not believe that the site in Lahijan is the actual burial place, and regard it as merely a symbolic tomb or the burial place of a similarly named mystic.
# Dalabuszki

Dalabuszki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostyń, within Gostyń County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) north of Gostyń and 51 km (32 mi) south of the regional capital Poznań.
# Dalekie, Poznań County

Dalekie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rokietnica, within Poznań County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south-west of Rokietnica and 19 km (12 mi) north-west of the regional capital Poznań.
# Daleszynek

Daleszynek is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kwilcz, within Międzychód County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 20 kilometres (12 mi) east of Międzychód and 54 km (34 mi) west of the regional capital Poznań.
# Danków, Greater Poland Voivodeship

Danków is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kleczew, within Konin County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.
# Festival de La Roque-d'Anthéron

The Festival de La Roque-d'Anthéron is an international piano festival, founded on 10 August 1981 by Paul Onoratini (1920–2010), then mayor of La Roque-d'Anthéron and René Martin [fr], then an intern at the Regional Directorate of Cultural Affairs, seeking to create a piano festival.
Held in the open air every summer in the park of the Château de Florans, it is now recognised as one of the major musical events in Europe. Some newspapers call it the "Mecca of the piano".

## Interprets

It is the meeting place for all pianistic talents, bringing together both new young talents and those whose reputation is well established.
The invited artists include Martha Argerich, Nelson Freire, Boris Berezovsky, Youri Egorov, Evgeny Kissin, Zhu Xiao-Mei, François-Frédéric Guy, Claire Désert, Nikolai Lugansky, Eliso Virsaladze, Valentina Igoshina, Brigitte Engerer, Arcadi Volodos, Anne Queffélec, Alexandre Tharaud, Marie-Josèphe Jude, Hélène Grimaud, Mauricio Vallina, come regularly to perform at this festival.
* Hélène Grimaud rehearsing in 2004
* Carte blanche to Nikolai Lugansky in 2008
Although the festival is centered on the piano, other instrumentalists sometimes join the stage, in orchestra formations such as the Concerto Köln and the Orchestre de Chambre de Lausanne, or in chamber formation (Gautier and Renaud Capuçon, Trio Wanderer...), as well as various baroques ensembles, jazz and electronic music composers...
The piano is sometimes also replaced by a harpsichord, an organ, a pianoforte, a clavicord or even a toy piano...
The "ensembles in residence" are small chamber music ensembles made up of young musicians who came to La Roque-d'Anthéron to study during the masterclasses of the great masters of the piano. They also perform in various surrounding villages, La route de la Durance aux Alpilles, during free concerts to discover these artists of tomorrow.
Concerts take place at various locations on the site, not always in the village itself:

## Concert locations

* Parc du Château de Florans: Clairière converted into an outdoor auditorium, it is the key site of the festival.
* Théâtre Forbin: Another outdoor auditorium, located in parc Florans, is designed for a smaller audience and its concerts, only during the day, give way to the new generation of pianists.
* Silvacane Abbey: In the cloister of the nave of the abbey, are mainly held concerts of Baroque music.
* Temple protestant de Lourmarin [fr]
* Église de La Roque-d'Anthéron
* Étang des Aulnes: This site is located in Saint-Martin-de-Crau, 60 km from La Roque d'Anthéron. This is another open-air auditorium with a remarkable setting and acoustics
* Carrières (quarries) of Rognes: In this natural stone setting, 9 km from La Roque-d'Anthéron, concerts of jazz, 20th century piano music and electronic music are held.
* Théâtre des terrasses of Gordes
* Église Notre-Dame de Beaulieu of Cucuron, especially for the pipe organ of the church.
# Bubble sheet

Optical mark recognition#Optical answer sheet This page is a soft redirect.
# George South (solicitor)

George South (1916 – 24 July 1988) was a British solicitor and philatelist who signed the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists in 1974.
# 2019 in Oman

This articles lists events from the year 2019 in Oman.

## Incumbents

* Sultan: Qaboos bin Said al Said
* Prime Minister: Qaboos bin Said al Said
# Franklin-Penland House

Franklin-Penland House, also known as Theodore C. Franklin House, Stokes Penland House, and Linville Falls Post Office, is a historic home located at Linville Falls, Burke County, North Carolina. It was built about 1883, and is a two-story, three-bay, frame I-house with a two-story rear ell. It features a full-width, attached two-tiered shed roof porch added about 1915. Also on the property is the former U.S. Post Office, Linville Falls, N.C., building. The one-room front gable frame building was built in 1907 and housed the Linville Falls post office until 1925.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.
# Plouguenast

Plouguenast (French pronunciation:; Breton: Plougonwaz; Gallo: Ploegenas) is a former commune in the Côtes-d'Armor department of Brittany in northwestern France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Plouguenast-Langast.

## Climate

Plouguenast has an oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb). The average annual temperature in Plouguenast is 11.0 °C (51.8 °F). The average annual rainfall is 966.8 mm (38.06 in) with January as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 17.5 °C (63.5 °F), and lowest in January, at around 5.3 °C (41.5 °F). The highest temperature ever recorded in Plouguenast was 36.9 °C (98.4 °F) on 9 August 2003; the coldest temperature ever recorded was −12.4 °C (9.7 °F) on 2 January 1997.
Climate data for Plouguenast (1981–2010 averages, extremes 1987−present) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 17.4 (63.3) | 20.7 (69.3) | 22.9 (73.2) | 26.3 (79.3) | 29.5 (85.1) | 32.9 (91.2) | 35.6 (96.1) | 36.9 (98.4) | 30.2 (86.4) | 27.5 (81.5) | 19.8 (67.6) | 15.6 (60.1) | 36.9 (98.4) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 7.8 (46.0) | 8.7 (47.7) | 11.3 (52.3) | 13.3 (55.9) | 16.9 (62.4) | 20.0 (68.0) | 22.0 (71.6) | 22.4 (72.3) | 19.6 (67.3) | 15.3 (59.5) | 10.8 (51.4) | 7.9 (46.2) | 14.7 (58.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 5.3 (41.5) | 5.8 (42.4) | 7.8 (46.0) | 9.3 (48.7) | 12.6 (54.7) | 15.3 (59.5) | 17.2 (63.0) | 17.5 (63.5) | 15.1 (59.2) | 11.9 (53.4) | 8.0 (46.4) | 5.4 (41.7) | 11.0 (51.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 2.8 (37.0) | 2.9 (37.2) | 4.2 (39.6) | 5.2 (41.4) | 8.2 (46.8) | 10.6 (51.1) | 12.4 (54.3) | 12.5 (54.5) | 10.6 (51.1) | 8.5 (47.3) | 5.2 (41.4) | 3.0 (37.4) | 7.2 (45.0) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −12.4 (9.7) | −11.1 (12.0) | −5.6 (21.9) | −2.9 (26.8) | 0.0 (32.0) | 4.0 (39.2) | 6.8 (44.2) | 6.1 (43.0) | 3.5 (38.3) | −3.4 (25.9) | −5.0 (23.0) | −9.0 (15.8) | −12.4 (9.7) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 117.1 (4.61) | 93.3 (3.67) | 72.7 (2.86) | 75.5 (2.97) | 65.1 (2.56) | 54.2 (2.13) | 55.2 (2.17) | 50.6 (1.99) | 70.1 (2.76) | 101.0 (3.98) | 101.3 (3.99) | 110.7 (4.36) | 966.8 (38.06) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 15.5 | 13.6 | 12.7 | 12.2 | 10.0 | 8.2 | 9.3 | 8.4 | 9.8 | 13.9 | 14.8 | 14.5 | 142.8 |
| Source: Météo France ||||||||||||||

## Population

Inhabitants of Plouguenast are called plouguenastais in French.
# Plouagat

Plouagat (French pronunciation:; Breton: Plagad; Gallo: Plagat) is a former commune in the Côtes-d'Armor department of Brittany in northwestern France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Châtelaudren-Plouagat.

## Population

Inhabitants of Plouagat are called plouagatins in French.
# Ctenotus astarte

Ctenotus astarte, also known commonly as the stony downs ctenotus, is a species of skink, a lizard in the family Scincidae. The species is endemic to Australia.

## Etymology

The specific name, astarte, is an allusion to Astarte, the goddess of fertility, sexuality, and war in ancient Assyrian mythology.

## Geographic range

In Australia, C. astarte is found in southwestern Queensland and extreme northeastern South Australia.

## Habitat

The preferred natural habitats of C. astarte are grassland, shrubland, and savanna.

## Description

Moderately large for its genus, C. astarte has a snout-to-vent length of 6–8 cm (2.4–3.1 in).

## Reproduction

C. astarte is oviparous.
# Liliana Gafencu

Liliana Gafencu (born 12 July 1975) is a Romanian rower, who has won three Olympic gold medals in the eights competition.
# 8th Kentucky Cavalry Regiment (Union)

The 8th Kentucky Cavalry Regiment was a cavalry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.

## Service

The 8th Kentucky Cavalry Regiment was organized at Russellville, Kentucky and mustered in for one year on August 13, 1862. It mustered in under the command of Colonel James Murrell Shackelford.
The regiment was attached to District of Louisville, Kentucky, Department of the Ohio, to November 1862. It was unattached at Bowling Green, District of Western Kentucky, Department of the Ohio, to June 1863; attached to the 1st Brigade, 2nd Division, XXIII Corps, Army of the Ohio, to August 1863; unassigned, at Bowling Green, Kentucky; and attached to the 1st Division, XXIII Corps, to September 1863.
The 8th Kentucky Cavalry mustered out of service on September 23, 1863.

## Detailed service

Duty at Russellville, Bowling Green and Hopkinsville, Kentucky, District of West Kentucky, and at Clarksville, Tennessee, operating against guerrillas, until September 1863. Actions at Morganfield, Kentucky, August 3, 1862. Madisonville August 25. Morganfield September 1. Geiger's Lake September 3. Near Madisonville September 4. Ashbysburg September 25. Henderson County November 1. Greenville Road November 5. Garrettsburg November 6. Rural Hill, Tennessee, November 18. Near Nashville, Tennessee, January 28, 1863. Expedition from Bowling Green, Kentucky, to Tennessee State Line May 2–6. Operations against Morgan July 2–26. Buffington's Island, Ohio, July 19.

## Casualties

The regiment lost a total of 117 men during service; 1 officer and 8 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, 4 officers and 104 enlisted men died of disease.

## Commanders

* Colonel James Murrell Shackelford
* Colonel Benjamin Helm Bristow
# 45 mm anti-tank gun M1942 (M-42)

The M-42 was a 45-mm Soviet light semi-automatic anti-tank gun. Its full official name is 45-mm anti-tank gun model 1942 (M-42) (Russian: 45-мм противотанковая пушка образца 1942 года (М-42)). These guns were used from 1942 until the end of World War II. Old stockpiles were returned to service in January 2025 in the Russo-Ukrainian War.

## History

The M-42 was developed by the No. 172 Plant in Motovilikha as an upgrade of the 45 mm anti-tank gun M1937 (53-K). The gun received a longer barrel (20 calibers more than the previous one, so it was a 45 mm/L66), shells with more powerful cartridges, and a thicker shield (7 mm instead of 4.5 mm), but of hinged construction as a need for reduced profile, requiring crews to kneel while serving the weapon. Some minor changes were also introduced in order to speed up production.
These guns were used from 1942 until the end of World War II. In 1943, due to its insufficient anti-armor capabilities against new German tanks such as the Tiger, Panther and Panzer IV Ausf H, the M-42 was partially replaced in mass production by the more powerful 57 mm ZiS-2 anti-tank gun. The M-42 remained in production however, as it was quite effective against lighter vehicles and could pierce the side armour of the Panther and Panzer IV Ausf H. Fragmentation shells and canister shot gave the gun some anti-personnel capability.
Mass production of the M-42 ceased in mid-1945. The total number of guns produced is 10,843.

## Reintroduction into service

On the 24th of January 2025 a video appeared of an M-42 gun being destroyed by a Ukrainian drone operator in the occupied Russian territory in the province of Kursk. This indicates that some of these guns have reentered service with the Russian armed forces.

## Ammunition

* Ammunition types:
** Armor-piercing
** Fragmentation
** Canister
** Smoke
* Projectile weight:
** AP: 1.43 kg (3.15 lbs)
** APCR: 0.85 kg (1.87 lbs)
** Fragmentation: 2.14 kg (4.71 lbs)

## Performance

Penetration :
| Type | 100 m (110 yd) | 500 m (550 yd) | 1,000 m (1,100 yd) | 1,500 m (1,600 yd) | 2,000 m (2,200 yd) |
| APBC-HE | 71 mm (2.8 in) | 54 mm (2.1 in) | 40 mm (1.6 in) | 32 mm (1.3 in) | 28 mm (1.1 in) |
| APCR | 108 mm (4.3 in) | 74 mm (2.9 in) | 46 mm (1.8 in) | - | - |
# 8th Ohio Independent Light Artillery Battery

8th Ohio Battery was an artillery battery that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.

## Service

The 8th Ohio Battery was organized at Camp Dennison near Cincinnati, Ohio and mustered in for a three-year enlistment on March 11, 1862, under Captain Louis Markgraf.
The battery was unattached, Army of the Tennessee, to April 1862. Artillery, 5th Division, Army of the Tennessee, to April 1862. Artillery, 3rd Division, Army of the Tennessee, to July 1862. Artillery, 5th Division, District of Memphis, Tennessee, to November 1862. Artillery, 2nd Division, District of Memphis, Right Wing, XIII Corps, Department of the Tennessee, to December 1862. Artillery, 2nd Division, Sherman's Yazoo Expedition, to January 1863. Artillery, 2nd Division, XV Corps, Army of the Tennessee, to September 1863. Artillery, 1st Division, XVII Corps, to April 1864. Maltby's Brigade, District of Vicksburg, to November 1864. Artillery Reserve, District of Vicksburg, to August 1865.
The 8th Ohio Battery mustered out of service at Camp Dennison on August 7, 1865.

## Detailed service

Moved to Benton Barracks, Mo.; then to Savannah, Tenn., March 22–28, 1862. Battle of Shiloh, April 6–7, 1862. Advance on and siege of Corinth, Miss., April 29-May 30. March to Memphis, Tenn., June 1–17, and duty there until November, 1862. Grant's Central Mississippi Campaign November–December. "Tallahatchie March" November 26-December 12. Sherman's Yazoo Expedition December 20, 1862, to January 3, 1863. Chickasaw Bayou December 26–28. Chickasaw Bluff December 29. Expedition to Arkansas Post, Ark., January 3–10, 1863. Assault on and capture of Fort Hindman, Arkansas Post, January 10–11. Moved to Young's Point, La., January 17, and duty there until March. Expedition to Rolling Fork via Muddy, Steele's and Black Bayous, and Deer Creek March 14–27. Moved to Milliken's Bend and duty there until April. Demonstrations on Haines and Drumgould's Bluffs April 29-May 2. Moved to join army in rear of Vicksburg via Richmond and Grand Gulf May 2–14. Jackson, Miss., May 14. Siege of Vicksburg May 18-July 4. Assaults on Vicksburg May 19 and 22. Advance Jackson, Miss., May 5–10. Siege of Jackson July 10–17. Duty at Vicksburg until February 1864. Expedition from Vicksburg to Sunnyside Landing. Ark.. January 10–16, 1864. Duty in the defenses of Vicksburg until May 20, 1865. Expedition to Central Mississippi Railroad November 28-December 2, 1864. Moved to Natchez, Miss., May 20, 1865, and duty there until June 28. At Vicksburg until July 20.

## Casualties

The battery lost a total of 23 men during service; 1 enlisted men killed, 22 enlisted men died of disease.

## Commanders

* Captain Louis Markgraf
* Captain James F. Putnam
# 90th Illinois Infantry Regiment

Illinois U.S. Volunteer Infantry Regiments 1861-1865 :
| Previous | Next |
| 89th Illinois Infantry Regiment | 91st Illinois Infantry Regiment |
The 90th Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.

## Service

The 90th Illinois Infantry was organized at Chicago, Illinois and mustered into Federal service on September 7, 1862. Nicknamed the "Irish Legion" or the "Second Irish". On two occasions, the unit included a disguised woman (Frances Elizabeth Quinn) in its ranks. The first time she was discovered and dismissed within a month by Colonel Tomothy O'Meara. She rejoined under a different name, and a new commander, a year later. She was successful until captured and discovered by confederate soldiers.
The regiment was mustered out on June 10, 1865.

## Total strength and casualties

The regiment suffered 2 officers and 58 enlisted men who were killed in action or who died of their wounds and 1 officer and 87 enlisted men who died of disease, for a total of 148 fatalities.

## Commanders

* Colonel Timothy O'Meara - killed in action at the Battle of Missionary Ridge.
* Lieutenant Colonel Owen Stewart - Mustered out with the regiment.
# 91st Ohio Infantry Regiment

Ohio U.S. Volunteer Infantry Regiments 1861-1865 :
| Previous | Next |
| 90th Ohio Infantry Regiment | 92nd Ohio Infantry Regiment |
The 91st Ohio Infantry Regiment, sometimes 91st Ohio Volunteer Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. It primarily served in what became West Virginia and in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia.

## Service

The 91st Ohio was raised at Camp Ironton in south-central Ohio on August 26, 1862. After it was organized and mustered into Federal service in September, the regiment was moved by rail to western Virginia and assigned to the Department of the Kanawha, later to the VIII Corps under Brig. Gen. Eliakim Scammon. It participated in a series of raids and operations against Confederate positions in the region.
In the spring of 1864, the 91st Ohio fought in the Battle of Cloyd's Mountain in Pulaski County, Virginia, during Maj. Gen. George Crook's expedition to disrupt the Virginia & Tennessee Railroad, an important Confederate supply line. Later that year, it fought in the Battle of Piedmont and participated in the Valley Campaigns of 1864, including the battles of Berryville, Opequon or Third Winchester, Fisher's Hill, and Cedar Creek. During the remainder of the war, the regiment divided its time between garrison duty at Cumberland, Maryland, and Winchester, Virginia. The 91st Ohio Regiment was mustered out at Cumblerland on June 24, 1865, and transported by train back to Ohio.
During its time of service, the regiment lost 3 Officers and 60 enlisted men killed and mortally wounded, and another 3 Officers and 87 enlisted died of disease, making a loss of 153 soldiers.

## Commanders

* Colonel John Alexander Turley
* Colonel Benjamin F. Coates
# Darnowiec

Darnowiec is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rychtal, within Kępno County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) north-east of Rychtal, 14 km (9 mi) south-west of Kępno, and 151 km (94 mi) south-east of the regional capital Poznań.
# Daszewice

Daszewice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Mosina, within Poznań County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) north-east of Mosina and 12 km (7 mi) south of the regional capital Poznań.
# Dobczyn, Greater Poland Voivodeship

Dobczyn is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Śrem, within Śrem County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) south-east of Śrem and 42 km (26 mi) south of the regional capital Poznań.