OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Liu Wen-hsiung (1954–2017)

Liu Wen-hsiung (Chinese: 劉文雄; pinyin: Liú Wénxióng; 8 September 1954 – 31 July 2017) was a Taiwanese politician who served in the Legislative Yuan from 1999 to 2008.

## Early life and education

Liu was born in Keelung in 1954, and was of Mainland Chinese descent. He attended National Chengchi University before completing graduate work at National Taiwan Ocean University.

## Political career

Liu served two terms on the Taiwan Provincial Council before his 1998 election to the Legislative Yuan. The Kuomintang formally began expulsion proceedings against Liu in December 1999, because he supported the 2000 independent presidential campaign of James Soong. Liu later joined Soong's People First Party, and was the PFP's legislative whip. On 3 December 2005, he joined the Republic of China local election for the Keelung City mayoralty. However, he finished in third place.
2005 Keelung City Mayoralty Election result :
| No. | Candidate | Party | Votes |
| 1 | Chen Chien-ming | TSU | 58,243 |
| 2 | Hsu Tsai-li | KMT | 76,162 |
| 3 | Liu Wen-hsiung | PFP | 47,932 |
| 4 | Wang Tuoh | DPP | 2,771 |
In 2006, Liu accused Kuo Yao-chi, then the Minister of Transportation and Communications, of appointing Wu Cheng-chih, a friend who was recommended by her husband, to the secretary-general position of the China Aviation Development Foundation as a form of nepotism; Liu said that Weng did not have the proper aviation background. Kuo said that she did not practice nepotism and that she would seek to have action taken against Liu. The next year, Liu ran in the Keelung mayoral by-election and was a reported candidate for the Control Yuan. Liu later became deputy secretary-general of the People First Party. Liu ran in the 2016 legislative elections as a representative of Keelung district, but lost.
Legislative Election 2016: Keelung district :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | DPP | Tsai Shih-ying | 78,707 | 41.45 |
| | Kuomintang | Hau Lung-pin | 68,632 | 36.15 |
| | People First | Liu Wen-hsiung | 23,485 | 12.37 |
| | Minkuotang | Yang Shicheng | 19,045 | 10.03 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 10,075 | 5.30 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 189,869 | 98.76 |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 2,378 | 1.24 |
| | DPP gain from Kuomintang | DPP gain from Kuomintang | Swing | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 192,247 | 64.31 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 298,947 | |
In 2017, he was formally nominated to a seat on the Control Yuan.

## Personal life

Liu was a Taiwanese Muslim. He suffered a heart attack in July 2017, which led to a coma. He was moved to Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Keelung on 21 July, where he died on 31 July 2017, aged 62. His body was sent to Taipei Grand Mosque where funeral prayer was performed before he was buried.
# Vairao

Vaira'o, also known as Port Vairao and Matiti, is a small port town and district on the southwest coast of Tahiti, located just northwest of Teahupo'o. A town hall and sports centres lie in the northern part of the village and also features the Iti Diving International Centre, the only diving centre in Tahiti-Iti. Vaira'o Bay and lagoon are known for excellent fishing opportunities.
# Terry Vaughn (referee)

Terry Vaughn (April 1, 1973 – May 4, 2023) was an American soccer referee.

## Early life

Terry Vaughn was born in Mount Vernon, Iowa, on April 1, 1973. He graduated from Iowa City West High School in 1992, where he was a wrestler and soccer player. He attended Coe College and decided to enter refereeing instead of continuing his career as a player.

## Career

In 1998 Vaughn became a National referee for the United States Soccer Federation. He continued to hold a referee license until his retirement in 2012. During his career, Vaughn officiated 237 Major League Soccer matches.
Vaughn was appointed to the FIFA panel in 2003 and oversaw matches in the 2009 and 2010 CONCACAF Champions League, the 2007 FIFA U-20 World Cup, and the 2009 CONCACAF Gold Cup. Vaughn was also a member of the FIFA Panel for the United States Soccer Federation.

## Personal life

Vaughn was diagnosed with Huntington's disease, an inherited neurodegenerative disease, at the age of 30 in 2003. He retired from refereeing in 2012 after his symptoms worsened. He died on May 4, 2023.
As a show of solidarity, PRO referees started wearing blue wristbands with "HD" (for Huntington's Disease) during May, Huntington's Disease Awareness Month. This began a trend of referees from grassroots to PRO wearing the bands year - round. US Soccer's official uniform supplier began selling the wristbands with the proceeds going to Terry Vaughn's family to help offset medical costs.
A page on GoFundMe was founded to help Terry and his family pay medical bills by a fellow referee.

## Legacy

The Iowa Referee Academy has been renamed the Terry Vaughn Referee Academy in his honor.
# Opuntia bentonii

Opuntia bentonii was proposed by some botanists to be a synonym of Opuntia stricta. However, O. bentonii, which grows in Texas, is separate and distinct from O. stricta. O. bentonii was clearly described by Griffiths in 1911. Along with O. stricta,O. bentonii was one of the pest pears of Australia in the early Twentieth Century.

## The Details

Like so many Opuntia species, O. bentonii has been mistaken for a coastal form of O. lindheimeri in Texas, but there are sustained differences. For instance, O. bentonii plants are often less than 60 cm in height and the fruit is more globular (less inclined to narrow at the base). O. bentonii plants have fewer spines than O. lindheimeri, zero to 3 (often only 1 or 2). One important difference is that the stigmas of O. bentonii flowers are yellow and not green as in O. lindheimeri. Another individual feature of O. bentonii is that the veins are often visible between areoles.
* Mature O. bentonii plant with fruit, Galveston Island, TX
# Lusitropy

Lusitropy or lucitropy is the rate of myocardial relaxation. The increase in cytosolic calcium of cardiomyocytes via increased uptake leads to increased myocardial contractility (positive inotropic effect), but the myocardial relaxation, or lusitropy, decreases. This should not be confused, however, with catecholamine-induced calcium uptake into the sarcoplasmic reticulum, which increases lusitropy.

## Positive lusitropy

Increased catecholamine levels promote positive lusitropy, enabling the heart to relax more rapidly. This effect is mediated by the phosphorylation of phospholamban and troponin I via a cAMP-dependent pathway. Catecholamine-induced calcium influx into the sarcoplasmic reticulum increases both inotropy and lusitropy. In other words, a quicker reduction in cytosolic calcium levels (because the calcium enters the sarcoplasmic reticulum) causes an increased rate of relaxation (a positive lusitropy), however, this also enables a greater degree of calcium efflux, back into the cytosol, when the next action potential arrives, thereby increasing inotropy as well. However, unlike the previously mentioned mechanism, a calcium uptake from the extracellular fluid into the cytosol without any catecholamine stimulation simply results in a sustained rise in calcium concentration in the cytosol. This only serves to increase inotropy but doesn't allow total relaxation of the cardiac myocytes between contractions, decreasing lusitropy.

## Negative lusitropy

Relaxation of the heart is negatively impacted by the following factors:
* Calcium overload – too much intracellular calcium
* Reduced rate of calcium removal from myocyte through pumps if calcium is not removed from the cell quickly enough.
    a. Plasma membrane Calcium ATPase (Ca ATPase) this primary active transporter pumps calcium out of the myocyte between beats
    b. Sodium-Calcium (Na/Ca) exchanger this secondary active transporter pumps calcium out of cell between beats
* Impaired Sarco-Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium ATPase (SERCA) this primary active transporter pumps calcium from the cytoplasm of the myocyte into its sarco-endoplasmic reticulum.
Therefore, any impairment of the transporters in (2) and (3) would have a negative lusitropic effect.
In contrast, enhancement of these same transporters would have a positive inotropic effect
# Læssøesgades School

Læssøesgade School (Danish: Læssøesgade Skole) is a public primary school in the Frederiksbjerg district of Aarhus, Denmark. The school offers reception classes, 1 through 10 grades and after-school activities in the Skolefritidsordning (Sfo).

## History

In 1916 it was decided to build a new co-ed school in southern Aarhus in response to rapid population growth. The site chosen was what at the time was the edge of the city. The architect Ludvig Petersen had previously and recently worked on the Samsøgade School from 1914 and was chosen for the new project. The school was finished in 1921 and inaugurated on 16 April. The new school proved an expensive project at 1.5 million Danish Kroner compared to the 400.000 the Samsøgades school had cost. Lassøgade School was larger but the causes of the cost difference can mainly be found in the First World War and the ensuing inflation. The school initially had 31 class rooms and between the years 1930 and 1960 it had an average of 1000 to 1300 students. The student body has since grown steadily smaller and by 1999 it was down to 350 students across 31 class rooms. Co-ed classes were not introduced until 1946. In 1961 Læsseøgade School became the first school in Aarhus to offer the optional and voluntary 10th grade.
From November 1942 during the occupation of Denmark in the Second World War the school buildings were used to house German troops. Students were moved to Ingerslevs Boulevards School where they were taught under difficult conditions. In spring of 1945 Ingerslevs Boulevards School also had to be closed and school activities were suspended. However, in June the occupation was over and Læssøgde School had been cleaned, renovated and restored.
In 1920 Aarhus City Council gave permission to move a zoological collection, hosted by the Freemasons in a building in Christiansgade, to Læssøgade School. Between 1923 and the fall of 1939 the school hosted the collection on the top floor of the building. The collection was finally moved when a new museum building had been completed on the university campus where it remains to this day as the Natural History Museum.

## Architecture

Læssøgade School is a three-story building constructed of red brick on a base of granite in the National romantic style with elements of Baroque revival. The corners of the building are accentuated as avant-corps with shadow joints and lesenes. The school was constructed as a 4-winged structure around an atrium similar to the Samsøgade School, completed a few years earlier. However, in Læssøgade School the atrium roof is at the same level as the roofs of the rest of the buildings and not at the 1st floor like in Samsøgade School. This difference creates an imposing spacious atrium which at the time was an unusual feature. In 1969 the school was expanded with toilet buildings in the school yard and an additional, smaller building to the north.
# Me, Myself and I (Vitamin C song)

"Me, Myself and I" is a song by American singer-songwriter Vitamin C, released as a single on October 19, 1999. Written by Gregg Rolie, Michael John Carabello, and Thomas Coke Escovedo, it was the second single released from Vitamin C's 1999 debut album, Vitamin C. The chorus contains a sample from the Santana song "No One to Depend On", from their 1971 Santana III album.

## Reception

The single never entered the US Billboard Hot 100 but peaked at number 36 on the Top 40 Mainstream chart and number 20 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.

## Music video

The music video for the song was directed by Nigel Dick and features Johnny Knoxville.

## Track listings

US CD and cassette single
* "Me, Myself and I" (radio edit) – 3:47
* "Money" (album version) – 3:45
German CD single
* "Me, Myself and I" (radio edit) – 3:48
* "Me, Myself and I" (Pablo Flores Miami Mix radio edit) – 4:36
* "Me, Myself and I" (Jonathan Peters radio edit) – 4:00

## Charts

| Chart (2000) | Peak position |
| US Bubbling Under Hot 100 (Billboard) | 20 |
| US Mainstream Top 40 (Billboard) | 36 |
# Hoath

Hoath is a semi-rural village and civil parish in the City of Canterbury local government district. The hamlets of Knaves Ash, Maypole, Ford, Old Tree, Shelvingford and Stoney Acre are included in the parish.

## Etymology

In Kent and East Sussex the Old English term hǣð, which became heath in Modern English, was replaced by an unmutated form, hāð, which, over time, evolved into Hoath. The name thus means "heath".

## History

Hoath was part of the estate granted by King Ecgberht of Kent in 669 for the foundation of the church at Reculver, and remained part of that estate when King Eadred granted it to Archbishop Oda of Canterbury in 949. A chantry either in or connected with Hoath is recorded in the 14th century, with John Gardener as the chaplain, successor to Henry atte Were. On 9 December 1410 Archbishop Thomas Arundel dedicated a chapel to the Virgin Mary and consecrated a burial-ground at Hoath at the request of the inhabitants and his tenants there who, led by Sir Nicholas Haute, Peter Halle Esq. and Richard Hauk, then chaplain of the chantry, promised to observe his ordinances.
The hamlet of Ford was the location of Ford Palace, a residence of the Archbishops of Canterbury from at least the 14th century to the 17th. Robert Hunt, chaplain to the expedition that founded the first successful English colony in the New World, at Jamestown, Virginia in 1607, was born in Hoath in the late 1560s or early 1570s.

## Amenities

Within Hoath there is a small primary school, a camp site called Southview Camping, a public house named the Prince of Wales, and a village hall.
A late medieval church, Holy Cross, stands on Church Road, and was originally a chapel-of-ease for St Mary's Church, Reculver. The building was renovated by Joseph Clarke between 1866 and 1867, when a north aisle was added.
Hoath has a small general aviation airfield (ICAO: EGHB) west of the village near Maypole.
# Rosa Ree

Rosary Robert Iwole (born April 21, 1995) known by her stage name Rosa Ree, is a Tanzanian rapper and singer.

## Early life and education

Rosa Ree was born in Moshi, Tanzania. She was raised in Arusha and spent some of her childhood in Kenya. She completed her basic education in Nairobi, Kenya, at Ainsworth Primary School and Rudolf Steiner Primary. She went on to complete her secondary education at Bishop Mazzoldi.

## Career

Rosa Red began her music career in 2015, and was signed by Nahreel's Label (The Industry Studios). She released her debut single "One Time" in 2016. In 2020, she was featured in the BET 2020 Hip Pop Cypher together with Kwesi Arthur from Ghana and Elizabeth Ventura from Angola.

## Discography
### Albums

* Goddess (2022)

### Singles

* Amen (2023)
* Moyo Wangu Tulia (2023)
* I'm Not Fine (2023)
* Afrikan Uptown Rankin (2023)
* Afrikan Rap (2022)
* My Cherie (2022)
* Emergency (2022)
* Threesome ft Chemical & Frida Amani (2022)
* Blue Print (2022)
* Mulla (2022)
* Wote ft Snake Fire, Barkeliam, DIZ Afrikana & Ray Medya (2021)
* Watatuba (2021)
* Wana Wanywe Pombe (2021)
* I'm Not Sorry (2021)
* Birthday (2021)
* Satan (2021)
* Usiyempenda Kaja (2020)
* That Gal (2020)
* Kanyor' Aleng (2020)
* Sukuma Ndinga Remix ft Rayvanny (2020)
* Kupoa (2020)
* Sukuma Ndinga (2020)
* Nazichanga ft Roberto (2020)
* Balenciaga (2020)
* Alamba Chini ft Spice Diana, Gigi Lamayne & Ghetto Kids (2019)
* What You Know (2019)
* Asante Baba Remix ft Timmy Tdat (2019)
* Dow (2019)
* VITAMIN U (2019)
* Acha Ungese ft Fik Fameica (2019)
* Hot Like Dat (2019)
* Jangu Ondabe (2019)
* Nguvu Za Kiume (2019)
* Champion ft Ruby (2019)
* Asante Baba (2019)
* Marathon ft Billnas (2019)
* Dip n' Whine it ft Gnako (2019)
* U.N.I.T.Y (2019)
* One Way (2018)
* Way Up ft Emtee (2018)
* Banjuka (2018)
* Up in the Air (2017)
* One Time (2016)
# Salathé Wall

The Salathé Wall is one of the original big wall climbing routes up El Capitan, a 3,000-foot (900 m) high granite monolith in Yosemite National Park. The Salathé Wall was named by Yvon Chouinard in honor of John Salathé, a pioneer of rock climbing in Yosemite. The route is recognized in the historic climbing text Fifty Classic Climbs of North America and is considered a classic around the world.

## Climbing history
### First ascents

The first ascent was in 1961 by Royal Robbins, Tom Frost, and Chuck Pratt. After climbing about a quarter of the route, they retreated to re-supply, leaving four fixed ropes in place. Quickly returning, they jumared back up the ropes and totally committed to climbing the upper wall in a single push, which they did in 6 days using only 15 bolts total. The route was about 25% free climbing with sections of run-out at grade 5.9, and the rest being aid climbing which was also difficult at grade A4. A year later, Robbins and Frost returned and did the route in a single push from the bottom.
In 1972, Peter Haan became the first to aid climb the route alone as a rope solo, using pitons for aid and protection. It was his first big wall climb.

### First free ascents

In 1975, Kevin Worral and Mike Graham, starting from the Nose route, traversed left a bit to join this route and free climbed pitches 4 through 10 of Salathe Wall Route up to Mammoth Terraces, adding three pitches of 5.11. A little later, John Long, and John Bachar free climbed pitch three (5.11b) making all 10 pitches free. These ten free pitches, often free climbed as a standalone multi-pitch climbing route in its own right, are known as Freeblast (5.11c).
In 1979, Mark Hudon and Max Jones, climbing from the ground up, led all but 250 feet of the route free, adding three pitches of 5.12 and 5 or 6 of 5.11.
In 1988, Todd Skinner and Paul Piana made the first free ascent by free climbing all the sections (each climber free climbed only about half of the route, with 2 hanging belays for resting) during a nine-day push, after thirty days of working the route, and gave it a grade of 5.13c. The Salathe Wall was the first major route on El Capitan to be fully free climbed, and was the first-ever free ascent of a big wall route in history at the grade of 5.13b (8a).
In 1995, Alexander Huber became the first individual to free climb all the individual pitches, leading every pitch free himself in two pushes (with one hanging belay for a rest), and using an easier variation avoiding one of the cruxes, and assigned a grade of 5.13b.
In 2005, Steph Davis made the first female free ascent, with the grade at 5.13b.
# Xuzhou No.32 Middle School homicide

The Xuzhou No.32 Middle School homicide (徐州第三十二中学杀人事件), also known as the Xuzhou No.32 Middle School stabbing, was a homicide that took place inside the No.32 Middle School (formerly known as No.2 Railway Middle School) in Xuzhou on February 13, 2012. One student was killed, and the school was accused of failing to save the victim, Xiangyu Wang, a 9th grader attending No.32 Middle School. He died from the incident at the age of 15.
# My Heart Belongs to You

"My Heart Belongs to You" is a 1948 song by Arbee Stidham. The single spent six months on the US Billboard R&B chart, reaching the number one position for one week. "My Heart Belongs to You" was Stidham's only hit on the chart.
# Asuman Kiyingi

Asuman Kiyingi is a Ugandan lawyer and politician. He was the State Minister of Works in Uganda's Cabinet. He was appointed to that position on 1 March 2015, replacing John Byabagambi, who was appointed Minister of Works and Transport. Prior to that, from 27 May 2011 until 1 March 2015, he was the State Minister of Foreign Affairs for Regional Affairs. He was appointed to that position on 27 May 2011. He replaced Isaac Musumba, who was dropped from the cabinet. Before that, he served as the State Minister for Lands from 2009 until 2011. He also represents Bugabula County South, Kamuli District, in the Parliament of Uganda. He has served in that position since 23 February 2006.

## Background and education

He was born in Kamuli District on 27 December 1963. While attending Makerere University, Uganda's oldest university, founded in 1922, he earned both a Bachelor of Laws and a Master of Laws. He also holds the Diploma in Legal Practice from the Law Development Center in Kampala.

## Work experience

Before his appointment to the cabinet in February 2009, Kiyingi worked in several diverse legal settings. He started as a legal assistant in the Kampala-based legal firm of Ntume, Nyanzi & Company Advocates. Later, he moved to another Kampala legal company called Mugenyi & Company Advocates. He was promoted to the rank of advocate while there. From that job, he became a legal officer with the National Social Security Fund. From there, he became the Corporation Secretary at National Medical Stores, which is Uganda's pharmaceutical acquisition body. The last job he worked before joining politics was as legal counsel to the National Planning Authority. He was elected to the Ugandan Parliament in February 2006, upsetting the then incumbent MP, Salaamu Musumba of the Forum for Democratic Change, opposition political party.

## Personal details

Asuman Kiyingi is married. He belongs to the National Resistance Movement political party. He is reported to enjoy debating, travel, theater and poetry.
# PMR

PMR may refer to:

## Science and technology
### Medicine

* Physical medicine and rehabilitation
* Polymyalgia rheumatica, inflammatory muscular condition
* Progressive muscle relaxation, a technique

### Physics

* Paraxial marginal ray, in geometric optics
* Proton magnetic resonance, in spectroscopy

### Technologies

* Perpendicular magnetic recording, a technology for data recording on hard disk
* PMR446, a license-free public walkie-talkie protocol in the European Union and the United Kingdom
* Professional mobile radio or "private mobile radio", VHF & UHF radio networks used by operators such as taxis, utilities and emergency services

### Biology

* Plant micro-reserve, a type of small nature reserve

## Places

* Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic, more commonly in the English language known as Transnistria, a breakaway state between the River Dniester and the eastern Moldovan border with Ukraine
* Palmerston North Airport, which has the IATA airport code PMR
* Peckham Rye railway station, which has station code PMR
* Pune Metropolitan Region, the metro area around the twin cities of Pune and Pimpri-Chinchwad in the Indian state of Maharashtra

## Organizations

* PMR Ltd, consulting, market research, publications
* Partidul Muncitoresc Român (Romanian Workers' Party), the ruling party in communist Romania from 1948 to 1965
* Parti Mauritanien pour le Renouveau, Mauritanian Party for Renewal, a political party in Mauritania
* Port Militarization Resistance, an anti-war organization in the United States
* TV PMR, a public television channel in Transnistria

## Other

* Preventive Maintenance Report, for Telecom Maintenance.
* Protected membrane roof, a roof where thermal insulation or another material is located above the waterproofing membrane
* Proto Matrix Rail, a paintball marker
* Penilaian Menengah Rendah, a public school examination in Malaysia abolished in 2014
* Pimp My Ride, a TV show produced by MTV and hosted by rapper Xzibit
# Tilda (food manufacturer)

Tilda is a rice and related food products company headquartered in Rainham, England and with offices in Dubai (UAE) and Delhi (India).
Founded by entrepreneur Rashmi Thakrar who fled to the UK during the Expulsion of Asians from Uganda in 1972, its basmati rice is the top-selling rice in the United Kingdom. Starting in 1994, they have operated Tilda Foodservice, providing professional kitchens with a variety of uncooked dry and frozen rice products.
The company was purchased in 2014 by US group Hain Celestial. Hain Celestial Group sold the company to Spanish group Ebro Foods in August 2019.