OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tianqi (era)

Tianqi (simplified Chinese: 天启; traditional Chinese: 天啓; pinyin: Tiānqǐ; Wade–Giles: T'ien-ch'i; lit. 'heavenly opening'; 22 January 1621 – 4 February 1628) was the era name (nianhao) of the Tianqi Emperor, the 16th emperor of the Ming dynasty, lasting for 7 years.
On 2 October 1627 (Tianqi 7, 24th day of 8th month), the Chongzhen Emperor ascended to the throne and continued to use the Tianqi era name. The following year, the era was changed to Chongzhen.

## Art

Colorful porcelain and blue and white porcelain are the styles of this period.

## Comparison table

| Tianqi | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
| AD | 1621 | 1622 | 1623 | 1624 | 1625 | 1626 | 1627 |
| Sexagenary cycle | Xīnyǒu (辛酉) | Rénxū (壬戌) | Guǐhài (癸亥) | Jiǎzǐ (甲子) | Yǐchǒu (乙丑) | Bǐngyín (丙寅) | Dīngmǎo (丁卯) |

## Other regimes' era names that existed during the same period

* China
** Tianming (天命, 1616–1626): Later Jin—era name of Nurhaci
** Tiancong (天聰, 1627–1636): Later Jin—era name of Hong Taiji
** Ruiying (瑞應, 1621–1629): Ming period—era name of She Chongming (奢崇明)
** Yitong (一統, 1622): Ming period—era name of Zheng Zhenming (鄭振明)
** Dachengxingsheng (大成興盛) (Dachengxingsheng, 大乘興勝) (1622): Ming period—era name of Xu Hongru (徐鴻儒)
** Yuanjing (元靜, 1622): Ming period—era name of Wan Side (万俟德)
** Yide (懿德, 1624): Ming period—era name of Yang Huan (楊桓) and Yang Congru (楊從儒)
** Kuanhe (寬和, 1625): Ming period—era name of Zhejiang pirates
* Vietnam
** Vĩnh Tộ (永祚, 1619–1629): Later Lê dynasty—era name of Lê Thần Tông
** Long Thái (隆泰, 1618–1625): Mạc dynasty—era name of Mạc Kính Khoan
* Japan
** Genna (元和, 1615–1624): era name of Emperor Go-Mizunoo
** Kan'ei (寛永, 1624–1644): era name of Emperor Go-Mizunoo, Empress Meishō and Emperor Go-Kōmyō
# Andriy Bulkovskyi

Andriy Bulkovskyi or Andrii Bulkovskyi (ukr. Андрій Булковський) is a Ukrainian Olympic middle-distance runner. He represented his country in the men's 1500 meters at the 1996 Summer Olympics. His time was a 3:53.30.
# Iceberg Skating Palace

The Iceberg Skating Palace (Russian: Дворец Зимнего Спорта Айсберг) is a 12,000-seat multi-purpose arena at Sochi Olympic Park in Sochi, Russia. The venue hosted the figure skating and short track speed skating events at the 2014 Winter Olympics. It cost $43.9 million, including the temporary works for the Olympics. 15,000 tonnes of steel were used. The environment was taken into consideration in its construction.
A local figure skating competition was held in October 2012 but the International Skating Union said more work was needed to be ready for the 2012–2013 Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final, a test event in December 2012. At the Grand Prix Final, competitors said they liked the venue but some spectators complained about handrails obstructing the view in the upper tier. It takes about two hours to adjust the ice when switching from figure skating to short track or vice versa.
Plans had originally existed for the arena to converted into a cycling velodrome following the Olympics.
# John Lillie Gillies

John Lillie Gillies (1832 – 27 September 1897) was a 19th-century Member of Parliament from the Otago region of New Zealand. He was from Rothesay, Bute on the Isle of Bute, Scotland.
Gillies was a member of the Otago Provincial Council, representing the Tokomairiro electorate from 10 October 1861 until 16 August 1864, when he resigned. He then represented the electorate from 5 February 1869 until the abolition of provincial government in 1876, with the electorate changing names in 1871 to Milton. Gillies was twice a member of the executive council: from 16 September 1863 to 17 May 1864, and from 6 May 1869 to 13 April 1871. He was speaker of the provincial council from May 1871 until the abolition of the provinces.
He represented the Waikouaiti electorate in the House of Representatives from 1873 to 1875, when he resigned.
He was Secretary to the Harbour Board when he died aged 65 years, and had been Provincial Treasurer of the Otago Provincial Council.
He was the brother of Thomas Gillies and Robert Gillies, and was the brother-in-law of James McIndoe.
# Charles Calderon

Charles Michael Calderon (born March 12, 1950) is an American attorney and politician who served in both chambers of the California State Legislature.

## Early life and education

Calderon was born on March 12, 1950, in Montebello, California. He graduated from California State University, Los Angeles and earned a J.D. degree from the UC Davis School of Law.

## Career

Prior to his 1982 election to the assembly, Calderon was a prosecutor and also served on the Montebello School Board.
Calderon was first elected to the assembly in 1982. In 1988–89, he became leader of a power struggle for control of the assembly. The "Gang of Five", included Calderon, Gary Condit, Steve Peace of Chula Vista, Gerald Eaves of Rialto, and Rusty Areias of Los Banos. Self-identified conservative Democrats, the group attempted to wrest power from Willie Brown, then Speaker of the assembly. Calderon was nominated for the office of Speaker, but Brown prevailed by a vote of 40–34. Brown stripped all five members of committee leadership positions and staff.
In 1990, Calderon left the assembly, and he was elected to the California State Senate. From September 1996 until the end of his term, Calderon served as the first Hispanic Senate Majority leader in California history. He ran unsuccessfully for Attorney General of California in 1998, losing the primary to Bill Lockyer. Prior to his 2006 election to the assembly, he served as California Health Care Commissioner and was a partner with the law firm of Nossaman. During his second term in the Assembly he served as Majority Leader between 2010 and 2012.

## Personal life

His brothers Ronald S. Calderon and Thomas M. Calderon have both served in the state assembly. Ronald held Charles's former Senate seat until 2014; Thomas has been out of the legislature since an unsuccessful run for insurance commissioner in 2002.
Calderon and his wife, Lisa, have three children. Calderon's son, Ian, served in the state assembly from 2012 to 2020, representing the 57th district. Lisa won Ian's assembly seat in 2020.
# De Bente, Dalen

De Bente is a smock mill in Dalen, Netherlands. It was built in 1814. The mill has been restored to full working order. It is listed as a Rijksmonument, number 44563

## History

De Bente was built in 1814. It replaced a mill that had been burnt down on 12 December 1813, through the actions of Cossacks attacking the French garrison in Coevorden. This was a post mill, the earliest type of European windmill. De Bente worked until 1944 when two sails were lost. The other pair of sails were lost in 1957. The mill was later demolished, leaving the base which was incorporated into a modern mill. It was restored in 1977 by millwright J D Medendorp of Zuidlaren. A new smock was built on the existing base. Machinery from a demolished windmill at Großheide, Lower Saxony, Germany was incorporated. In 1994, miller Hans Petit rented the mill, and had it restored to working order. In 2001, a third pair of millstones was installed. The mill produces about three tonnes of flour a week by windpower.

## Description

De Bente is what the Dutch describe as an "achtkante stellingmolen", an eight-sided smock mill with a stage. The stage is 4.10 metres (13 ft 5 in) above ground level. The mill has a three-storey smock on a two-storey base. The smock and cap are thatched. The Common sails have a span of 22.00 metres (72 ft 2 in). They are carried on a cast-iron windshaft dating from 1866, which originally came from a windmill at Koekange and has been shortened. It was cast by the millwrights Enthoven of The Hague. The wooden clasp arm Brake wheel has 60 cogs. It drives the wallower at the top of the upright shaft. The wallower has 33 cogs. At the bottom of the upright shaft, the great spur wheel with 115 cogs drives two lantern pinion stone nuts, each with 33 staves. There are two pairs of millstones which are 1.50 metres (4 ft 11 in) diameter. One pair are of Cullen stones, the other pair have a Cullen runner stone on a French Burr bedstone. A third pair of stones was added in 2001.

## Millers

* Hans Petit (since 1994)
Reference for above:-

## Public access

De Bente is open on Wednesdays and Thursdays from 13:00 to 17:00, on Saturdays from 10:00 to 17:00 and at other times by appointment.
# Swann's Point Plantation Site

The Swann's Point Plantation Site is an archaeological site near the James River in Surry County, Virginia. The Swann's Point area, located west of the mouth of Gray Creek, has a rich historic of precolonial Native American occupation, as well as significant early colonial settlements. It was first granted to Richard Pace, whose warning famously saved the Jamestown Colony during the Indian massacre of 1622. The Paces abandoned their settlement in 1624.
Jamestown colonists traded at the tip of Swann's Point with the Native American. While Francis Chapman owned land there soon after the colony's establishment, by 1628 it was known as "Perryes Point" because occupied by "William Perry, Gent", Chapman's father-in-law and a member of the Governor's Council. In 1635, British emigrant and tax collector William Swann acquired a land patent for 1200 acres at Swann's Point. The plantation increased to 1650 acres by patents to his son Col. Thomas Swann in 1638 and 1655.
After Bacon's Rebellion (1676) the King's Commissioners sent to Virginia to investigate the "troubles" held their proceedings at Swann's Point. It was here, then, that petitions were heard complaining of excesses during the rebellion's suppression, including by William Hartwell, captain of Governor Berkeley's guard. Samuel Swann inherited the property from his father, and represented the area in the House of Burgesses several times, but ultimately moved to North Carolina. By 1692, a ferry based here crossed the James River to Jamestown, since Samuel Swann's half-brother Thomas Swann Jr. complained to the General Court that he had not been paid for carrying parties of Weyanoke, Appomatock and Maherin native Americans to the colonial capital.
In 1706, Thomas Swann Jr. sold Swann's Point to John Joseph Jackman. Three years later, Jackman sold it to Major George Marrable, who three months later sold the plantation to his brother-in-law, John Hartwell. Hartwell died in 1714, and his minor daughter Elizabeth inherited Swann's Point when she came of age. She later married Richard Cocke of Henrico County, and the couple resided at Swann's Point. It remained in the Cocke family for several generations and was the birthplace of General John Hartwell Cocke who later became associated with Bremo in Fluvanna County. During the American Civil War, it was shelled by federal troops and later held an important telegraph line often cut by Confederates.
In the mid-1900s, the plantation state Sen. Garland Gray, purchased the manor house and used it as a summer home until it was destroyed by fire. Later, Gray, who was one of the wealthiest men in Virginia and owned tens of thousands of acres of land bet the Swann's Point property on the game of cards and lost. True to his word he transferred the property to the winner.
The site which contains 17th-century graves was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975. A portion of the Swann's Point area was donated by the owners to the National Park Service in 1974 to forestall the construction of a bridge across the James River to the area.
# Chaska Bridge

The Chaska Bridge is a 4-lane vehicular bridge crossing the Minnesota River on the south side of downtown Chaska, carrying Minnesota State Highway 41. It is 508 feet (155 m) long, and 76.3 feet (23.3 m) wide.

## History

When the former bridge was replaced, it was the second busiest two lane bridge in Minnesota (behind the Hastings High Bridge on US 61.) The replacement project allowed for two lanes open at a time by only building one half of the new bridge, and demolishing the old bridge, and then building the other half. Traffic went down the middle to polish off the permanent edges. The bridge had been decorated with the city of Chaska with murals, lighting, and stonework. Signs at each end displayed the city name. This bridge opened in mid-2006, and the project was finished in late 2007.
# Chef Menteur Bridge

The Chef Menteur Bridge (also known as the Chef Menteur Pass Bridge) is a bridge which connects between New Orleans and Slidell, Louisiana. It carries U.S. Route 90 (US 90) across Chef Menteur Pass on the eastern side of Lake Pontchartrain.
# Atlasov Island

Atlasov Island, known in Russian as Ostrov Atlasova (Остров Атласова), or in Japanese as Araido (阿頼度島), is the northernmost island and volcano and also the highest volcano of the Kuril Islands, part of the Sakhalin Oblast in Russia. The Russian name is sometimes rendered in English as Atlasova Island. Other names for the island include Uyakhuzhach, Oyakoba (Ainu) and Alaid, the name of the volcano on the island.
The island is named after Vladimir Atlasov, a 17th-century Russian explorer who incorporated the nearby Kamchatka Peninsula into Russia. It is essentially the cone of the submarine volcano Vulkan Alaid protruding above the Sea of Okhotsk to a height of 2,285 metres (7,497 feet). The island has an area of 119 square kilometres (46 square miles), and is currently uninhabited. Numerous pyroclastic cones dot the lower flanks of basaltic to basaltic andesite volcano, particularly on the NW and SE sides, including an offshore cone formed during the 1933–34 eruption.
* Eruption with lava flow from the summit crater in October 2022
* Astronaut photograph from International Space Station in late April
* Photo from ISS, surrounded by low clouds
Its near perfect shape gave rise to many legends about the volcano among the peoples of the region, such as the Itelmens and Kuril Ainu. The Russian scientist Stepan Krasheninnikov was told the story that it was once a mountain in Kamchatka, but the neighbouring mountains became jealous of its beauty and exiled it to the sea, leaving behind Kurile Lake in southern Kamchatka. Geographically, this story is not without evidence, as after the last Ice Age most of the icecaps melted, raising the world's water level, and possibly submerging a land bridge to the volcano. Following the transfer of the Kuril Islands to Japan by the Treaty of St Petersburg, 1875, Oyakoba as it is called by the Ainu and some Japanese, became the northernmost island of the empire and subject of much aesthetic praise, described in haiku, ukiyo-e, etc. Ito Osamu (1926) described it as more exquisitely shaped than Mount Fuji.
Administratively this island belongs to the Severo-Kurilsky District, in the Sakhalin Oblast of the Russian Federation.
# Chestnut Street Bridge (Detroit)

The Chestnut Street Bridge is located where Chestnut Street passes over the Dequindre Cut (formerly owned by the Grand Trunk Western Railroad) in Detroit, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.

## History

By the 1920s, there were over 400 industries operating on Detroit's east side. However, the combination of the city's haphazard street plan, the expansion of large factories, and the substantial network of rail tracks conspired to slow traffic within the city, particularly in the east-west direction. In 1923, the city of Detroit and Grand Trunk railroad began a plan to build 22 grade separations; both parties agreed to share the cost.
One of the tracks to be regraded was the line paralleling St. Aubin. These tracks ran from the northwest, where they connected with a network of other lines, to the southeast, where the tracks turned to parallel the river and supplied a number of large factories, including the Detroit-Michigan Stove Plant, the United States Rubber Company Plant, and the Parke-Davis Laboratories. The tracks terminated at the Brush Street Depot in downtown Detroit.
By March 1930, 16 of the crossings of what now is known as the "Dequindre Cut" were finished, including the Chestnut Street bridge. The nearby Antietam Avenue Bridge was completed soon thereafter. In 1964, the Antietam Avenue Bridge and the Chestnut Street Bridge were teamed as a one-way pair. In the 1980s, the railway was abandoned, and ownership changed hands.
As of 2008, the Dequindre Cut is being turned into a rail trail.

## Description

The Chestnut Street Bridge spans the Dequindre Cut, and is constructed of two steel-stringer spans 31 feet in length sitting on concrete abutments and a concrete-post pier. The stringers are encased in concrete and support a 50.3-foot-wide concrete deck covered with asphalt to make a 30 foot wide roadway. The parapets railings are solid concrete with eight recessed panels arranged in pairs between five concrete posts. A wooden pole luminaire is located at each end of the sidewalk.

## Significance

The Dequindre Cut is in good condition, and the course of the Cut and how it relates to the street grid is apparent from the Antietam Avenue Bridge. The bridge is good evidence of the grade separation effort early in the twentieth century.
# Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad Stone Arch Viaduct

The Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad Stone Arch Viaduct, also known as the Old Stone Arch, is located northeast of Shelby, Iowa, United States. The span carried the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad tracks over Little Silver Creek. It measures 35 feet (11 m) from the water level to the deck, 20 feet (6.1 m) in width, and 30 feet (9.1 m) in length. The bridge has flanking wingwalls that measure 40 feet (12 m) in length. Limestone for the bridge was quarried near Earlham, Iowa and transported by train to the site. It is one of two such bridges known to exist in Shelby County. The Rock Island was the first railroad to enter the county, and continued to operate here into the 1950s. At that time they abandoned the line when the Atlantic cutoff was built providing a more direct route between Atlantic, Iowa and Council Bluffs. While the tracks were removed, the stone arch, the railroad grade, and the right-of-way were left intact. They are now part of the Rock Island Old Stone Arch Nature Trail. The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.
# Christman Covered Bridge

The Christman Covered Bridge is a historic covered bridge that carries Eaton-New Hope Road over Seven Mile Creek in Washington Township, Preble County, Ohio, United States, northwest of the city of Eaton. It was built in 1895 by Everett S. Sherman, who built at least 20 covered bridges in Preble County. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.
The Christman Bridge was built at a total cost of approximately $4,250: $2,452 for stone from the Eaton Stone Company, $1,301 for Sherman, and $499 for masonry work by Harry C. Foster. Rehabilitation work undertaken from 2007 to 2008 cost $331,093.75.
Christman Covered Bridge was the penultimate bridge built by Sherman; only the Warnke Covered Bridge was built later. It was named for a Solomon Christman who owned the land around the bridge and operated a sawmill downstream.
Trace remnants of the mill are visible near the road 200 yards (180 m) west of the bridge. As of 2016, the bridge is open to traffic.
# Clark Bridge

The Clark Bridge is a cable-stayed bridge across the Mississippi River between West Alton, Missouri and Alton, Illinois. Named after explorer William Clark like the bridge it replaced, the cable-stayed bridge opened in 1994. It carries U.S. Route 67 across the river. It is the northernmost river crossing in the St. Louis metropolitan area.
The new $85 million, 108-foot-wide bridge (33 m) replaced the old Clark Bridge, which was only 20 ft wide (6.1 m). The truss bridge was built in 1928. The new bridge carries two lanes of divided traffic in each direction, as well as two bike lanes. The old bridge carried only two lanes (similar to the upstream Champ Clark Bridge).
The bridge is sometimes referred to as the Super Bridge, and its construction process was documented in the 1997 NOVA episode Super Bridge, which highlighted the challenges of building the bridge, especially during the Great Flood of 1993. Designed by Hanson Engineers under contract to Illinois Department of Transportation (DOT), the Clark Bridge was the first in the United States in which "such a light steel-framed cable-stayed design was combined with a cable saddle type of pylon". The bridge used 8,100 short tons (7,200 long tons; 7,300,000 kg) of structural steel; 44,100 cubic yards (33,700 m$^3$) of concrete; and more than 160 miles (260 km) of cable wrapped with 4 acres (1.6 ha) of yellow plastic piping.
# Freddy Ternero

Freddy Santos Ternero Corrales (March 26, 1962 – September 18, 2015) was a Peruvian football player and manager. Ternero was the Mayor of District of San Martín de Porres in Lima, Peru for the periods of 2007–2010 and 2011–2014.

## Playing career

During his playing career Ternero played for several clubs in Peru, most notably Universitario de Deportes.

## Managerial career

Ternero started his coaching career as assistant to Sergio Markarián at Universitario de Deportes. When Markarián resigned, Ternero was given his first opportunity to work as a club manager.
In 1994, he took over at Cienciano, helping the club to avoid relegation. In 1995, he also had a spell with Alianza Atlético.
Ternero was given his first chance to manage the Peru national team between 1996 and 1998, where Peru missed the 1998 FIFA World Cup by goal differences to Chile, following the humiliating 4–0 away loss.
After spells with FBC Melgar, Cienciano and Estudiantes de Medicina Ternero returned for a third spell as Cienciano manager in 2003. He led the club to the Copa Sudamericana 2003 championship and followed that with the Recopa Sudamericana in 2004. The first international titles ever won by a Peruvian club.
These successes earned him a second opportunity to work as the Peru national coach. Under his guidance they were victors of the Kirin Cup in 2005 with UAE. Ternero left the post after Peru failed to qualify for another FIFA World Cup, the 2006 FIFA World Cup.

## Death

Ternero died in September 2015 from liver cancer.