OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Tsunami and the Cherry Blossom

The Tsunami and the Cherry Blossom (Japanese: 津波そして桜) is a 2011 American-Japanese documentary film directed by Lucy Walker. The film was nominated for the 2012 Academy Award for Best Documentary (Short Subject).

## Synopsis

The film follows survivors of the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami as they prepare for the beginning of cherry blossom season.

## Production

Walker's original intention was to film a documentary about the cherry blossom and that after the 2011 tsunami she initially reconsidered her decision to create a film of any nature. In an interview with Realscreen, Walker stated "My first thought was, ‘Gosh, I can’t do this now.’ But then my second thought was that actually, now is a more important time than ever to show our solidarity with the Japanese people." She did not plan on using the cherry blossom as a metaphor, but that "the film’s subjects picked up on it as an obvious metaphor anyway". Walker had concerns that she would find it difficult to conduct interviews as an outsider to the country, but "found people really wanted to tell their story. They would come across the post-apocalyptic looking landscape especially to find us."

## The Cherry Blossom in Japanese Culture

Japanese people treat the cherry blossoms as a symbol of hope and beauty, and Japanese non-profit organizations that plant and encourage others to plant sakura trees were founded after the 2011 disaster.

## Awards

| Award | Category | Recipient | Result |
| 84th Academy Awards | Academy Award for Best Documentary (Short Subject) | | Nominated |
| 2012 Sundance Film Festival | Jury prize for short film, non-fiction | | Won |

## Reception

Critical reception for The Tsunami and the Cherry Blossom has been positive, with Bruce Barcott calling the movie's Oscar nomination "a well-deserved nod" and stating that the movie "captures the Japanese experience of the March 11, 2011, tsunami with a quiet beauty, power, and dignity". Film Journal International also reviewed the film, praising Walker's directing and the use of musical and artistic touches. Roger Ebert gave the short 3 stars, stating that some of the footage was "overwhelming".
On November 28, 2011, REACT to FILM screened The Tsunami and the Cherry Blossom at the SoHo House in West Hollywood, CA and moderated a Q&A with director Lucy Walker, Aki Mizutani and Kira Carstensen.
Critical reception in Japan has also been positive, with Cinema Today Japan acknowledging the short's Academy Awards nomination.
# The Way of Lost Souls

The Way of Lost Souls is a sound 1929 British drama film directed by Paul Czinner and starring Pola Negri, Warwick Ward and Hans Rehmann. While the film has no audible dialog, it features a synchronized musical score, singing and sound effects on the soundtrack. The film is also known by the alternative title The Woman He Scorned. Location shooting was done in the far west of Cornwall around St Ives, Penzance and Helford. It was the first film made in Britain by Czinner.

## Premise

A prostitute and a lighthouse keeper fall in love.

## Cast

* Pola Negri - Louise
* Warwick Ward - Maxim
* Hans Rehmann - John
* Cameron Carr - Magistrate
* Margaret Rawlings - Woman
# Manfred Rulffs

Manfred Rulffs (6 March 1935 – 15 January 2007) was a German rower who competed for the United Team of Germany in the 1960 Summer Olympics.
He was born in Kiel and died in Ratzeburg.
In 1960, he was a crew member of the West German boat that won the gold medal in the eights event.
# Dakshin: South Indian Myths and Fables Retold

Dakshin: South Indian Myths and Fables Retold is a collection of 15 folktales from South India. Authored by Nitin Kushalappa and illustrated by Pari Satarkar (artwork and cover illustration) and Isha Nagar (cover design), It was published by Puffin India (a subdivision of Penguin Random House) in 2023. The book features tales of sorcerers, gods, goddesses, fairies, animals, village folk, hunters, kings, and queens. The folk tales are based on diverse sources, drawn from books, songs sung at local temples, verses from regional languages, retellings of popular folklore, movies, and even comic books. This work of fiction is primarily meant for children and young adults.

## Stories

* The Tale of the Mynah who never gave up
* The Tale of Bala Nagamma and the Evil Sorceror
* The Giant Red Kangaroo, the Queen and the Hunter
* The Tale of the Singing Drum
* The Blessings of Vishnu
* The Cat and the Fly's Delicious Congee
* The Cow and the Tiger
* The Seven Fairy Princesses
* The Tale of the Last Sun
* The Tale of the Miser
* The Tale of the Jungle River
* The Tale of the Boy Champion
* The Tale of the Good Boy
* The Moon Prince
* The Sage and the River

## Reception

Sammohinee Ghosh of Mid-day, a Mumbai daily, states that "Kushalappa’s writing strikes the reader through its detailed and in-depth research."
Shweta Sharan of the Mint, a New Delhi-based publication under HT Media, states, "Keen to retell and document fables and myths from India, Nitin Kushalappa MP has collected 15 fantastic folk tales from South India in his latest book, 'Dakshin: South Indian Myths and Fables Retold'. Published by Puffin (an imprint of Penguin Random House India), the book is filled with tales of evil sorcerers, gods, goddesses, fairies, animals, village folk, hunters, kings, and queens."
Author C P Belliappa writes in Star of Mysore, "In retelling these stories, Nitin has given them a new flavour with his distinctive writing style... Each of the stories takes the reader on a whirlwind of fantasy. By the time the story peaks the reader is drawn into the vortex of the tale wondering what comes next. Every story invariably has an unexpected ending. And every story has a moral. The book is targeted at children nine years and older. It’s a collection that can be enjoyed by young adults, adults, and senior citizens as well... The book is on its way to becoming a classic. "
Md. Faizan Moquim wrote about the book in The Book Review in November 2023. He says that, "Kushalappa’s skillful narration keeps the reader anticipating the next twist and provides ample occasion to relish the world of folklore. The author, however, does not attempt to tease out differences between fables, myths, and folktales. A note toward this end in the introduction would have added clarity to these seemingly interchangeable terms for the young readers... Kushalappa’s retelling is certainly bound to inspire readers to find new horizons of meaning." Dakshin was shortlisted for the 2023 Atta Galatta-Bangalore Literature Festival Book Prize in the children's fiction category.
# Dave Green (journalist)

Dave Green is a journalist, broadcaster and snack food expert. He was Production Editor on Amiga Power magazine (who claimed he was an alien) and Reviews Editor for the brief early version of Wired UK. Together with Danny O'Brien, he was jointly responsible for publishing the email newsletter Need To Know and with whom he also co-wrote and -presented the television show 404 Not Found. He also published Snackspot, which called itself the "world's premier snack food discussion site", and was technology correspondent for the Phill Jupitus breakfast programme on BBC 6Music. He worked with Ben Moor on BBC2's Big Science series, and with Kevin Cecil and Andy Riley on The 99p Challenge.
He was primary organiser of the UK grassroots technology conferences Extreme Computing, NotCon04, and Open Tech 2005.
Dave graduated from University College, Oxford in 1990, and was a postgraduate in Artificial Intelligence at the University of Edinburgh, where he co-wrote the Internet meme "20 Things That Never Happen in Star Trek" with Graeme MacDonald.
He lives in London, England.
# Coupe de France (women's handball)

The Coupe de France féminine de handball is an annual national cup competition for French women's handball clubs. Its champion used to qualify for the EHF Cup Winners' Cup and now qualifies for the Women's EHF European League. Organized by the French Handball Federation, it first took place in 1984-1985, but it has been discontinued on several occasions.
It is contested by all clubs based in France and French overseas territories.
Metz Handball is the competition's most successful club as of 2024 with 12 titles, followed by ES Besançon with four.

## Champions
### Performances

| # | Club | Winner | Winner | Runner-up | Runner-up |
| # | Club | Nb | Years | Nb | Years |
| 1 | Metz Handball (T) | 12 | 1990, 1994, 1998, 1999, 2010, 2013, 2015, 2017, 2019, 2022, 2023, 2024 | 6 | 1987, 1992, 1993, 2001, 2005, 2009 |
| 2 | ES Besançon | 4 | 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005 | 3 | 1986, 1998, 2022 |
| 3 | USM Gagny | 3 | 1985, 1992, 1993 | 2 | 1990, 1994 |
| 4 | Brest Bretagne Handball | 3 | 2016, 2018, 2021 | 1 | 2019 |
| 5 | Le Havre AC | 2 | 2006, 2007 | 2 | 2010, 2012 |
| 5 | Toulon Saint-Cyr | 2 | 2011, 2012 | 2 | 2016, 2018 |
| 7 | Stade français | 2 | 1986, 1987 | 0 | |
| 8 | Mios Biganos Handball | 1 | 2009 | 1 | 2006 |
| 9 | CJF Fleury Loiret | 1 | 2014 | 0 | |
| 10 | HBC Nîmes | 0 | | 4 | 1999, 2003, 2011, 2015 |
| 11 | Cercle Dijon Bourgogne | 0 | | 3 | 2002, 2007, 2013 |
| 12 | Issy Paris Hand | 0 | | 2 | 2014, 2017 |
| 13 | ASUL Vaulx-en-Velin | 0 | | 1 | 1985 |
| 13 | Nantes Atlantique | 0 | | 1 | 2021 |
| - | none (cancelled) | 1 | 2020 | 1 | 2020 |
| Total | Total | 30 | 1985-2024 | 28 | 1985-2021 |
    Legend : 10 cups won; (T) : title holder
# Saint-Quentin-des-Isles

Saint-Quentin-des-Isles (French pronunciation:) is a former commune in the Eure department in Normandy in northern France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Treis-Sants-en-Ouche.
# Cestus

Cestus (Ancient Greek: Κεστός, romanized: Kestos), plural: cesti, in a general sense meant, for ancient Greeks and Romans, any band or tie.
However, it was more frequently used to refer to:
* The Girdle of Aphrodite
* Boxing gloves used by ancient Greeks and Romans, also written Caestus
* A girdle or belt worn by women in ancient Greece
* A marriage girdle, given by a newly married wife to her husband
# Tillys

Tillys (originally known as World of Jeans and Tops and Tilly's) is an American retail clothing company that sells an assortment of branded apparel, accessories, shoes, and more. Tillys is headquartered and operated from Irvine, California.

## History

Tillys is a leading destination specialty retailer of casual apparel, footwear, accessories, and hardgoods for young men, young women, boys and girls with an extensive assortment of iconic global, emerging, and proprietary brands rooted in an active, outdoor and social lifestyle. Tillys is headquartered in Irvine, California and operated 250 stores in 33 states as of January 27, 2025. The Tillys concept began in 1982 when co-founders, Hezy Shaked and Tilly Levine, opened their first store in Orange County, California. Since 1984, the business has been conducted through World of Jeans & Tops ("WOJT"), a California corporation, which operates under the name "Tillys". In May 2011, Tilly's, Inc., a Delaware corporation, was formed solely for the purpose of reorganizing the corporate structure of WOJT in preparation for an initial public offering. As part of the initial public offering in May 2012, WOJT became a wholly owned subsidiary of Tilly's, Inc. (Source: Tilly's, Inc. 10-K)

## Stores

Tillys stores are located in a variety of retail centers, including malls, lifestyle centers, "power" centers, community centers, outlet centers, and street-front locations. The average store size is approximately 7,300 square feet. As of February 3, 2024, Tillys operates 248 stores in 33 states and its website at www.tillys.com.

## Brands

Tillys is a leading destination specialty retailer of casual apparel, footwear, accessories, and hardgoods for young men, young women, boys and girls with an extensive assortment of iconic global, emerging, and proprietary brands rooted in an active, outdoor and social lifestyle. It sells a combination of its own proprietary brands such as RSQ, Full Tilt, tillys and West of Melrose, as well as well-known brands such as Vans, Nike and Nike SB, Jansport, The North Face, Converse, Billabong, among many others.
# Pedas

Pedas (lit. 'spicy' in Malay, Negeri Sembilan Malay: Podeh; Jawi: ڤدس) is a mukim in Rembau District, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. It has one main street with a police station, a post office and shops. A hot spring is located in the nearby village of Air Panas which is now a water amusement park. As of now, the theme park had been undergoing major renovation works after 5 years of closure due to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.
# Teresa Frassinetti

Teresa Frassinetti (born 24 December 1985) is an Italian former water polo player, who is currently deputy president of the Federazione Italiana Nuoto.
She was part of the Italian team winning the bronze medal at the 2015 World Aquatics Championships, where she played in the centre forward position. She competed in the 2012 Summer Olympics, and the 2016 Summer Olympics.
On 19 May 2017 Frassinetti announced her retirement from the game.
# Bundesautobahn 48

Bundesautobahn 48 (translates from German as Federal Motorway 48, short form Autobahn 48, abbreviated as BAB 48 or A 48) is an autobahn in western Germany. From the junction with the A 1 it connects to the A 3 and A 61 near Koblenz and is fully part of European route E 44.

## Exit list

| (1) | Vulkaneifel 3-way interchange A 1 E44 |
| | Steininger Höhe/Bierscheid parking area |
| (2) | Ulmen B 259 |
| | Uersfeld parking area |
| | Höchstberg parking area |
| (3) | Laubach |
| | Martental/Good viewpoint parking area |
| (4) | Kaisersesch |
| | Belzweide/Herberkaul parking area |
| (5) | Kaifenheim |
| | Elz Viaduct 380 m |
| | Services Elztal |
| (6) | Mayen B 262 |
| | Rotendall parking area |
| (7) | Polch |
| | Mammutgrube parking area |
| | Schnackenborn/Münsterer Höhe parking area |
| (8) | Ochtendung |
| | Goloring/Karmelenberg parking area |
| (9) | Koblenz 4-way interchange A 61 E31 |
| | Schießer Weg/Erdkaul parking area |
| (10) | Koblenz-Nord B 9 |
| | Bendorf Bridge 1029 m |
| (11) | Bendorf/Neuwied B 42 |
| | Auf der Zeg parking area |
| | Nonnenberg parking area |
| | Services Grenzau |
| (12) | Höhr-Grenzhausen |
| | Brexbach Viaduct 260 m |
| | Seelbachwiese/Mühlholz parking area |
| | Kannebäckerland parking area |
| (13) | Dernbach 3-way interchange A 3 E35 E44 |
# Great Wyrley Town

Great Wyrley Town is a ward of South Staffordshire in Staffordshire, England. It had a population of 6,321 at the 2021 Census.

## Geography

The ward covers the central and northern parts of Great Wyrley and covers the parish of Churchbridge. It also borders the Cannock Chase District near Watling Street

## Demographics

At the 2021 census, the ward profile population was 6,321. Of the findings, the ethnicity and religious composition of the ward was:
Great Wyrley Town: Ethnicity: 2021 Census :
| Ethnic group | Population | % |
| White | 6,146 | 97.2% |
| Asian or Asian British | 74 | 1.2% |
| Mixed | 69 | 1.1% |
| Black or Black British | 22 | 0.3% |
| Other Ethnic Group | 11 | 0.2% |
| Arab | 1 | 0.1% |
| Total | 6,321 | 100% |
The religious composition of the ward at the 2021 Census was recorded as:
Great Wyrley Town: Religion: 2021 Census :
| Religious | Population | % |
| Christian | 3,608 | 60.4% |
| No religion | 2,282 | 38.2% |
| Sikh | 35 | 0.6% |
| Other religion | 23 | 0.4% |
| Hindu | 8 | 0.2% |
| Buddhist | 8 | 0.2% |
| Jewish | 5 | 0.1% |
| Muslim | 4 | 0.1% |
| Total | 6,321 | 100% |
# Vieux-Villez

Vieux-Villez (French pronunciation:) is a former commune in the Eure department in Normandy in northern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Le Val-d'Hazey.

## Population

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1793 | 110 | — |
| 1800 | 101 | −8.2% |
| 1806 | 115 | +13.9% |
| 1821 | 91 | −20.9% |
| 1831 | 132 | +45.1% |
| 1836 | 133 | +0.8% |
| 1841 | 150 | +12.8% |
| 1846 | 158 | +5.3% |
| 1851 | 136 | −13.9% |
| 1856 | 128 | −5.9% |
| 1861 | 126 | −1.6% |
| 1866 | 128 | +1.6% |
| 1872 | 121 | −5.5% |
| 1876 | 108 | −10.7% |
| 1881 | 98 | −9.3% |
| 1886 | 115 | +17.3% |
| 1891 | 103 | −10.4% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1896 | 104 | +1.0% |
| 1901 | 98 | −5.8% |
| 1906 | 90 | −8.2% |
| 1911 | 95 | +5.6% |
| 1921 | 90 | −5.3% |
| 1926 | 98 | +8.9% |
| 1931 | 93 | −5.1% |
| 1936 | 92 | −1.1% |
| 1946 | 85 | −7.6% |
| 1954 | 85 | +0.0% |
| 1962 | 101 | +18.8% |
| 1968 | 94 | −6.9% |
| 1975 | 86 | −8.5% |
| 1982 | 110 | +27.9% |
| 1990 | 134 | +21.8% |
| 1999 | 160 | +19.4% |
| 2008 | 199 | +24.4% |
# 2022 Kebbi State local elections

Local elections in Kebbi State were held on 5 February 2022. All 22 councils in the state were up for election.
# Faisal Mahmud Faizee

Faisal Mahmud Faizee is a former Justice of the High Court Division of the Bangladesh Supreme Court. He resigned from the court over allegations of having faked his law degree.

## Career

On 31 October 2004, Faizee was withdrawn from the High Court Division by Chief Justice Syed JR Mudassir Husain after newspaper reports emerged questioning his law degree. His father sued Bhorer Kagoj and Prothom Alo on contempt of court charges and won.
On 24 April 2005, the Bangladesh Bar Council cancelled the enrolment certificate of Faizee due to his recorded birth date not matching the birth date on his birth certificate. The decision was taken following a meeting of the council led by Barrister Rokanuddin Mahmud. The council also condemned the inclusion of Faizee in the High Court Division bench despite the controversy over his degree. In December 2005, the Bangladesh Supreme Court Bar Association called for Faizees removal due to disputes over his degree and receiving a reception from Bangladesh Nationalist Party and Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami activists in Chittagong.
On 15 December 2006, Faizee sentenced former president of Bangladesh, Hussain Mohammad Ershad to two years imprisonment in a corruption case related to the purchase of 520 boats from Japan for relief operations after the 1989 Bangladesh floods.
In 2007, the Supreme Judicial Council was created to investigate the charges against Faizee. The University of Chittagong had cancelled his law degree and those of few others after it found evidence of tampering grade sheets in March. He resigned on 12 July 2007, before conclusion of the investigation.
Faizee is a member of the executive committee of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party.
# 1950 United Kingdom general election in Northern Ireland

The 1950 United Kingdom general election in Northern Ireland was held on 23 February as part of the wider general election. The Representation of the People Act 1948 reorganised constituencies: all MPs were now elected single-seat constituencies using FPTP, ending the two-seat constituencies which had been in place till then, and the university constituency of Queen's University of Belfast was abolished.

## Results

In the election as a whole, the Labour Party led by Clement Attlee as Prime Minister was returned with a narrow majority, while the Conservative Party, which included the Ulster Unionists, led by Sir Winston Churchill, continued in opposition.
1950 United Kingdom general election in Northern Ireland :
| Party | Party | Candidates | Candidates | Candidates | Candidates | Candidates | Candidates | Votes | Votes | Votes |
| Party | Party | Stood | Elected | Gained | Unseated | Net | % of total | % | No. | Net % |
| | UUP | 12 | 10 | 1 | 0 | +1 | 83.3 | 62.8 | 352,334 | -4.0 |
| | NI Labour | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | 12.1 | 67,816 | -0.3 |
| | Nationalist | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16.7 | 11.6 | 65,211 | -0.4 |
| | Labour | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | 9.4 | 52,715 | +9.4 |
| | Ind. Republican | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | 3.9 | 21,880 | +3.9 |
| | Sinn Féin | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | 0.3 | 1,482 | +0.3 |
| | Ind. Unionist | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | -1 | — | — | — | -7.5 |
| | Independent Labour | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | -1 | — | — | — | -6.7 |
| | Commonwealth Labour | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | -3.1 |

## MPs elected

| Constituency | Party | MP |
| Antrim North | UUP | Hugh O'Neill |
| Antrim South | UUP | Douglas Savory |
| Armagh | UUP | Richard Harden |
| Belfast East | UUP | Alan McKibbin |
| Belfast North | UUP | H. Montgomery Hyde |
| Belfast South | UUP | Conolly Gage |
| Belfast West | UUP | J. G. MacManaway |
| Down North | UUP | Walter Smiles |
| Down South | UUP | Lawrence Orr |
| Fermanagh and South Tyrone | Nationalist | Cahir Healy |
| Londonderry | UUP | Sir Ronald Ross, Bt |
| Mid Ulster | Nationalist | Anthony Mulvey |

## Footnotes

* ↑ McSparran sat as the MP for Mourne in the Northern Ireland Parliament.
# National Academy for Computer Training and Research

The National Academy for Computer Training and Research (NACTAR) is an autonomous government owned education and research institute in Bangladesh and is located in Bogura, Bangladesh. It is under the Ministry of Education.

## History

The previous name of this academy was NTRAMS which stands for "National Training and Research Academy for Multilingual Shorthand" . It was established in 1984, at Bogra, for developing Secretarial Science and business management education system in Bangladesh. NACTAR, which stands for "National Academy for Computer Training and Research (NACTAR)". It is Established after the NTRAMS abolished in 2005. It is an autonomous institution under the ministry of education, the People's Republic of Bangladesh.
National Academy for Computer Training and Research (NACTAR) was established in 2005 through the passage of an act in parliament. The same year previous organisation National Training and Research Academy for Multilingual Shorthand had its declaration cancelled.
# The Woodlands Marathon

The Woodlands Marathon is a full-course marathon based in The Woodlands, Texas. The Woodlands Marathon course is USA Track and Field and IAAF certified, which makes it a qualifier for the Boston Marathon and is considered one of the top 25 fastest courses in the country.

## About

In 2017, the marathon was cut short due to the course to be incomplete and shortened. The marathon was cut short by 0.8 miles as the lead motorcyclist lead the runners in the wrong direction.
In 2021, the traffic impact made streets close down for the marathon course.
Fidelity Investments was the title sponsor of the race until 2022 when Legacy Capital signed a deal to sponsor the event from 2022–2026.
The Woodlands Marathon uses amateur radio operators to assist with communications throughout the race.

## Results

Results for the Marathon are as follows:
Results for the Woodlands Marathon :
| Year | Male Winner/Times | Female Winner/Times | Total number of runners |
| 2012 | Jeffery Eggleston/2:15:41 | Camille Herron/2:37:18 | Males - 588, Females - 421 |
| 2013 | Tirop Rich Kessio/2:26:30 | Mary Akor/2:41:16 | Males - 586, Females - 324 |
| 2014 | Lamech Mosti/2:19:30 | Dehininet Jara/2:44:57 | Males - 721, Females - 515 |
| 2015 | Phillip Lagat/2:19:21 | Frehiwot Goshu/2:43:52 | Males - 539, Females - 355 |
| 2016 | Hillary Too/2:18:44 | Ayantu Dakebo/2:35:21 | Males - 529, Females - 345 |
| 2017 | Sphamandla Nyembe/2:21:26 | Melissa Hopper/2:51:39 | Males - 598, Females - 351 |
| 2018 | Calum Neff/2:30:15 | Camille Herron/2:52:38 | Males - 526, Females - 288 |
| 2019 | Ryan Parrish/2:29:08 | Nicole Bitter/2:58:34 | Males - 619, Females - 312 |
| 2020 | Benjamin Zywicki/2:26:24 | Emily Parker/2:44:32 | Males - 603, Females - 311 |
| 2021 | Fernando Cabada/2:21:17 | Michelle Parks/2:38:39 | Males - 634, Females - 310 |
| 2022 | Edward Kandie/2:27:40 | Hannah Miller/2:38:29 | Males - 568, Females - 284 |
| 2023 | Jonathan Hiley/2:19:44 | Adriana Zuñiga/2:47:04 | Males - 576, Females - 260 |
| 2024 | Dillon Breen/2:25:36 | Madeleine Rouse/2:56:41 | Males - 570, Females - 286 |
# Albert Schumberg

Albert Schumberg (19 April 1909 – 16 January 1967) was a German swimmer. He competed in the men's 100 metre backstroke event at the 1928 Summer Olympics.