OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pleurobrachia

Pleurobrachia is a common genus of Ctenophora (an exclusively marine phylum). Along with the genus Hormiphora, it generally has the common name sea gooseberry. It contains the following species:
* Pleurobrachia arctica Wagner, 1885
* Pleurobrachia australis (Benham, 1907)
* Pleurobrachia bachei L. Agassiz, 1860
* Pleurobrachia brunnea Mayer, 1912
* Pleurobrachia dimidiata Eschscholtz, 1829
* Pleurobrachia globosa Moser
* Pleurobrachia pigmentata Moser, 1903
* Pleurobrachia pileus (Müller, 1776)
* Pleurobrachia rhododactyla L. Agassiz, 1860
* Pleurobrachia rhodopis Chun, 1880
* Pleurobrachia striata Moser
# HMS Princess Charlotte (1825)

HMS Princess Charlotte was a 104-gun first-rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, built by Nicholas Diddams (but completed after his death) launched on 14 September 1825 at Portsmouth. The occasion was notable for the fact that the gates of the dry dock into which she was to be placed burst because of the high tide and more than 40 people were drowned.
When first ordered in 1812 she was intended to be a second rate of 98 guns, but in the general reclassifications of 1817 she was reclassed as a first rate.
From 1837 to 1841 she served as the flagship of the Mediterranean Fleet flying the flag of Vice Admiral Sir Robert Stopford and thus took part in the Syrian War and the bombardment of Acre. She had a crew of 738 men.
Her commanders included Captain Robert Devereux Fanshaw from 1837 to 1841 (as flagship to Admiral Sir Robert Stopford) and Sir Henry George Thomsett from 1858 to 1861.
She became a receiving ship at Hong Kong in 1858, and was sold in 1875.
# Gamou

Gamou is a village and rural commune in the Goure Department of the Zinder Region of Niger.
# Virtual instrumentation

Virtual instrumentation is the use of customizable software and modular measurement hardware to create user-defined measurement systems.

## Overview

Traditional hardware instrumentation systems are made up of fixed hardware components, such as digital multimeters and oscilloscopes that are completely specific to their stimulus, analysis, or measurement function. Because of their hard-coded function, these systems are more limited in their versatility than virtual instrumentation systems. The primary difference between hardware instrumentation and virtual instrumentation is that software is used to replace a large amount of hardware. The software enables complex and expensive hardware to be replaced by already purchased computer hardware; e. g. analog-to-digital converter can act as a hardware complement of a virtual oscilloscope, a potentiostat enables frequency response acquisition and analysis in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy with virtual instrumentation.
The concept of a synthetic instrument is a subset of the virtual instrumentation concept. A synthetic instrument is a kind of virtual instrumentation that is purely software defined. A synthetic instrument performs a specific synthesis, analysis, or measurement function on completely generic, measurement agnostic hardware. Virtual instrumentation can still have measurement-specific hardware, and tend to emphasize modular hardware approaches that facilitate this specificity. Hardware supporting synthetic instrumentation is by definition not specific to the measurement, nor is it necessarily (or usually) modular.
Leveraging commercially available technologies, such as the PC and the analog-to-digital converter, virtual instrumentation has grown significantly since its inception in the late 1970s. Additionally, software packages like National Instruments' LabVIEW and other graphical programming languages helped grow adoption by making it easier for non-programmers to develop systems.
The newly updated technology called "hard virtual instrumentation" is developed by some companies. It is said that with this technology the execution of the software is done by the hardware itself which can help in fast real time processing.
# Neptis nysiades

Neptis nysiades, the variable sailer, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon, the Republic of the Congo, Angola and Zambia. The habitat consists of forests, including riparian forests.

## Description

N. nysiades Hew. (48 e) agrees almost entirely in the markings with Neptis seeldrayersi, but is smaller, with an expanse of 44—48 mm., and can be most certainly distinguished by the first marginal line on the upperside of the forewing forming in cellule 1 b an acute angle proximad, which reaches the middle of vein 2; discal spots 3 and 4 on the forewing are more or less broadly separated. [then] Old Calabar to Angola.
The larvae feed on Paullinia pinnata.

## Taxonomy

It is a member of the Neptis agatha species group
# Ostroróg Castle

Ostroróg Castle is a castle on a peninsula (formerly an island) in Ostroróg in Greater Poland Voivodeship. Ostroróg Castle was probably built around the middle of the 14th century by the ancestors of Jan Ostroróg.
# Vaughan (disambiguation)

Vaughan is a city in Ontario, Canada.
Vaughan may also refer to:

## Name

* Vaughan (given name), list of people with this given name
* Vaughan (surname), list of people with this surname

## Other places
### Australia

* Vaughan, Victoria

### Canada

* Vaughan, Nova Scotia
* Vaughan Road, in Toronto, Ontario
* Vaughan Metropolitan Centre station
* Vaughan (federal electoral district), in Ontario

### United States

* Vaughan, Indiana
* Vaughan, Mississippi
* Vaughan, North Carolina
* Vaughan, Texas
* Vaughan, West Virginia

## Other uses

* Vaughan's identity, a mathematical concept
* Vaughan & Bushnell Manufacturing, an American maker of striking tools
* Mount Vaughan, a mountain in Antarctica
* Vaughan Building, a building of Somerville College, Oxford
# Darius Vinnett

Darius Vinnett (born September 30, 1984) is a former American football cornerback. He was signed by the St. Louis Rams as an undrafted free agent in 2007. He played college football at Arkansas and high school football at Destrehan High School.
Vinnett was also a member of the Atlanta Falcons, Florida Tuskers and Virginia Destroyers.
# Éric Ramos

Éric Fabián Ramos (born 12 May 1987) is a Paraguayan international footballer who plays for Sabah FK, as a central midfielder.

## Career
### Club career

Born in Carapeguá, Ramos has played club football in Paraguay and Azerbaijan for 12 de Octubre, 3 de Febrero, Rubio Ñu and Neftchi Baku.
In the summer of 2012 Ramos signed a one-year loan deal with Neftchi Baku of the Azerbaijan Premier League. In his first season with the club he won both the Azerbaijan Premier League and the Azerbaijan Cup. At the end of the 2012-13 season, Ramos returned to Rubio Ñu after the two clubs could not agree a deal to make the move permanent. İn June 2014, Ramos paid his transfer fee to Rubio Nu and transferred to Neftchi PFC as a permanent player. Following the 2015–16 Cup Final, Ramos announced that he would be leaving Neftchi.
In July 2018, Ramos returned to Azerbaijan, signing for Sabah FK.

### International career

Ramos made his international debut for Paraguay in 2012.

## Career statistics

    As of match played 31 May 2018
| Club | Season | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Rubio Ñu | 2009 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 0 |
| Rubio Ñu | 2010 | 40 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 40 | 0 |
| Rubio Ñu | 2011 | 39 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39 | 2 |
| Rubio Ñu | 2012 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19 | 0 |
| Rubio Ñu | Total | 118 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 118 | 2 |
| Neftchi Baku (loan) | 2012–13 | 31 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | 2 |
| Neftchi Baku (loan) | 2013–14 | 32 | 2 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 40 | 2 |
| Neftchi Baku (loan) | Total | 63 | 3 | 11 | 1 | 13 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 88 | 4 |
| Neftchi Baku | 2014–15 | 29 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 40 | 1 |
| Neftchi Baku | 2015–16 | 31 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 36 | 1 |
| Neftchi Baku | Total | 60 | 2 | 10 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 76 | 2 |
| Rubio Ñu | 2016 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 0 |
| Rubio Ñu | 2017 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15 | 0 |
| Rubio Ñu | Total | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 24 | 0 |
| General Díaz | 2018 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | 275 | 7 | 21 | 1 | 19 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 316 | 8 |

## Honours
### Neftchi Baku

* Azerbaijan Premier League: 2012–13
* Azerbaijan Cup: 2012–13,
# Jorge Salinas (Paraguayan footballer)

Jorge Martín Salinas (Spanish pronunciation:; born 6 May 1992) is a Paraguayan footballer who plays as a midfielder for Fernando de la Mora.

## Career

In September 2009, he joined Slovak club AS Trenčín. In March 2010, talented Jorge Salinas graduated 4 days test at Chelsea and in May 2010 graduated camp at Ajax together with teammate Fanendo Adi.
On 20 December 2013, it was announced that Salinas had joined 3 de Febrero for the 2014 Paraguayan Primera División season, and on 4 January 2014 it was reported that the player was one of nine of the club's new signings for the 2014 season
On 17 December 2014, it was reported that Salinas had signed with Club Olimpia Asunción for the 2015 Paraguayan Primera División season.

## International career

Salinas participates for Paraguay U17 at the 2009 South American Under-17 Football Championship hosted in Chile. He scores in a group stage fixture against Peru U17, however, Paraguay do not advance to the next round and ultimately do not qualify for the 2009 FIFA U-17 World Cup.

## Career statistics

    As of 5 May 2013
| Club performance | Club performance | Club performance | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Total | Total |
| Season | Club | League | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Slovakia | Slovakia | Slovakia | League | League | Slovak Cup | Slovak Cup | Europe | Europe | Total | Total |
| 2009–10 | AS Trenčín | 2. liga | 16 | 7 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 18 | 7 |
| 2010–11 | AS Trenčín | 2. liga | 20 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 5 |
| 2011–12 | AS Trenčín | Corgoň Liga | 30 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 32 | 3 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 66 | 14 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 70 | 15 |
| Club performance | Club performance | Club performance | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Total | Total |
| Season | Club | League | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Poland | Poland | Poland | League | League | Polish Cup | Polish Cup | Europa League | Europa League | Total | Total |
| 2012–13 | Legia Warsaw | Ekstraklasa | 13 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 16 | 1 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 79 | 14 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 86 | 16 |

### International goals
#### Paraguay U17

    Score and Result list Paraguay's goal tally first.
| # | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1. | 23 April 2009 | Estadio Tierra de Campeones, Iquique, Chile | Peru | 2–0 | 2–1 | 2009 South American Under-17 Football Championship |

## Honours

Legia Warsaw
* Ekstraklasa: 2012–13
* Polish Cup: 2012–13
Olimpia Asunción
* Paraguayan Primera División: 2015 Clausura
# Gazi Anatolian High School

Gazi Anatolian High School (Turkish: Gazi Anadolu Lisesi) is a co-educational Anatolian High School in Ankara, Turkey. It was founded under the name "Söğütözü Anatolian High School" in 1984. In 1986, the school moved to its current location and adopted its current name. The emblem of the school is the signature of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, which is worn every Gazi student on their uniform. In the university entrance exams, the average success rate in its own type and in Turkey as a whole is 82.3%; in 2003, it ranked first in Turkey in the numerical field and in the fields of mathematics, physics, chemistry, chemistry and biology.
According to High School Entrance Examinations in Turkey, Gazi is consistently ranked among the top ten high schools in Turkey (ninth in 2006 and fourth in 2005). Gazi students average in the top percentile of all students taking the Turkish high school entrance exam. Gazi students score outstanding results in Student Selection Exam, thus ranking Gazi one of the most successful Anatolian high schools in Turkey.
Gazi is one of the largest primary education institutions in Ankara, with an administrative and classroom building, a gymnasium/sports center, a canteen and a student dormitory on campus. The primary language of instruction in the school is Turkish; however, students take obligatory English lessons as a foreign language.
# Kundan Kumar

Kundan Kumar (born 1978) is an Indian politician from Bihar. He is an MLA from Begusarai Assembly constituency in Begusarai district. He won the 2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election representing the Bharatiya Janata Party.

## Early life and education

Kumar is from, Begusarai district, Bihar. He is the son of Upendra Prasad Singh. He completed his Post Graduate Programme in Management and Media in 2004 at the International School of Business and Media, Pune.

## Career

Kumar won from Begusarai Assembly constituency representing the Bharatiya Janata Party in the 2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election. He polled 74,217 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Amita Bhushan of the Indian National Congress, by a margin of 4,554 votes.
# Paul Miller (defensive end)

Paul William Miller Jr. (November 8, 1930 – January 24, 2007) was an American football defensive end in the National Football League (NFL) and the American Football League (AFL). He played for the NFL's Los Angeles Rams (1954–1957) and the AFL's Dallas Texans (1960–1961) and San Diego Chargers (1962). He played college football at Louisiana State University.

## Career

Miller studied at Louisiana State University. While there, he was a three-year letterman and college boxing champion, competing as a heavyweight.
He was drafted by the Los Angeles Rams in 1953 and signed his contract the following year.
# Gerard Nijkamp

Gerard Nijkamp (born 1970) is a Dutch football player and manager. He worked in various coaching and managerial roles for Dutch club PEC Zwolle from 1998 until 2019, when he started in his role as general manager of FC Cincinnati. He continued in that role until 6 August 2021.

## Managerial career
### PEC Zwolle

Nijkamp was an assistant coach and academy director at PEC Zwolle from 1998 to 2007. He was appointed as the club's interim coach in September 2003 after Peter Boeve was fired. He coached for two matches before Hennie Spijkerman was hired as a permanent replacement.
Nijkamp became the technical director of PEC Zwolle in 2012. He was responsible for hiring Ron Jans as Zwolle's coach in 2013. Zwolle won the KNVB Cup in 2014 during Nijkamp's tenure.

### FC Cincinnati

On 30 May 2019, FC Cincinnati of the American league Major League Soccer announced that they had hired Nijkamp as their general manager. The previous holder of the position, Jeff Berding, retained his position on the business side of the organization as the club's president, but would no longer be directly involved with soccer operations. Nijkamp continued working with PEC Zwolle to help with the transition to a new director, but became full-time at Cincinnati by 1 August.
On 4 August 2019, Ron Jans was signed as FC Cincinnati's permanent head coach under Nijkamp's tenure, replacing interim coach Yoann Damet. Nijkamp had previously hired Jans to be PEC Zwolle's coach in 2013.
On 6 August 2021, FC Cincinnati announced that the club and Nijkamp had "parted ways effective immediately".
# Tõitse

Tõitse is a village in Lääneranna Parish, Pärnu County in southwestern Estonia.
# Accelerated testing of adhesives

Accelerated testing of adhesives is used to predict long term performance of adhesive exposed to a variety of environmental factors. Adhesives are sometimes used as load bearing and sealing joints, which points great stress on them. In accelerated testing, factors like the temperature, moisture, vibrations, voltage, and UV light are greatly increased over a short period so long term predictions can be made about the effect of the aforementioned factors.

## Adhesive failure prediction

Accelerated testing may induce reaction kinetics that is not applicable to the actual service environment of an adhesive, which could cause greater concern than is necessary for certain adhesives. High temperatures are often avoided because it frequently causes new reactions to occur.

## Adhesive stability

Adhesives commonly react with oxygen at low temperatures, which leads to a slow break down of polymer chains. The breakdown of polymer chains is often undetectable until the adhesive has reached a critical point where the stability of remainder of the adhesive rapidly degrades. High temperature accelerated testing often cannot be used to estimate stability in oxygen environments since high temperatures often lead to new reaction pathways that would not typically exist at the temperature the adhesives would be used.
Moisture sensitivity accelerated tests involve either increased temperatures or increased surface area of a sample. The surface area of samples is increased by applying adhesives to a single surface rather than placing it between two surfaces and placing the sample in a water bath.

## Chemiluminescence

When polymers are oxidized, unstable alkyl radicals are formed which react further with oxygen to form peroxy bonds. The excitation and stabilization of the peroxy radical causes chemiluminescence. The light produced by this reaction is typically low wavelength infrared light. The amount of light emitted is used to determine the oxidation rate of an adhesive.
Chemiluminescence (CL) light intensity can be measured at various isothermal oxidation cycles; however, the temperature need not be raised to high levels. Correlation of light intensity is made to oxidation process parameters such as Oxidation Induction Temperature (OIT). By obtaining measurements at different temperatures, an accelerated oxidation progression correlation can be established. The prediction of oxidation during service life can then be carried out.
# Josy Rongoni

Josy Rongoni (born 18 December 1932) is a Luxembourgish footballer. He played in two matches for the Luxembourg national football team from 1956 to 1957.
# Howes, Missouri

Howes is an unincorporated community in Dent County, in the U.S. state of Missouri. The community is on Missouri Route 19 approximately 4.5 miles (7.2 km) north of Salem.

## History

The community was named after the local Howe family. A variant name was Gano. An early postmaster named Gano gave his last name to the post office, in order to avoid repetition with nearby Howes Mill. A post office called Gano was established in 1902, and remained in operation until 1923.
# Ilya Mikhalyov

Ilya Mikhalyov (Ukrainian: Ілля Русланович Міхальов; born 31 July 1990) is a Russian former football forward.
# Motleyothamnus

Motleyothamnus is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Rubiaceae. The only species is Motleyothamnus corymbosus.
The species is found in Peru.
The genus name of Motleyothamnus is in honour of Timothy 'Tim' J. Motley (1966–2013), who was an American botanist, Professor of Botany at the Old Dominion University and Director of the Botanical Garden in Norfolk, Virginia.
The genus was circumscribed by Sushil K. Paudyal and Piero G. Delprete in Bot. J. Linn. Soc. vol.187 (Issue 3) on page 386 in 2018.
# Karimabad, Karachi

Karimabad (Urdu: كريم آباد) is a residential neighbourhood in the Karachi Central district of Karachi, Pakistan.
# Aithyra Institute

The Aithyra Institute is a research institute of the Austrian Academy of Sciences at the Vienna BioCenter (Austria), with a focus on the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and biomedicine.

## Description

Funded by the Boehringer Ingelheim Foundation with 150 million euros for 12 years, the institute is designed to foster collaboration between experts in AI and life sciences. Its goal is to develop innovative research approaches to better understand diseases, enhance diagnostic accuracy, and contribute to the development of new treatments for currently incurable conditions.
Michael Bronstein, AI researcher, entrepreneur, and DeepMind Professor at the University of Oxford, serves as the founding scientific director.
Aityhra's work is based on the principles of early integration of AI in biomedical research, ensuring that AI experts are involved from the start of experiments and data analysis, which differs from traditional practices where AI is applied retrospectively. The institute emphasizes open-access principles, making its research data freely available to scientists worldwide.
The institute is temporarily housed in the Marxbox building at the Vienna BioCenter, while a new building is developed on campus. The name "Aithrya" was generated using AI, reflecting the institute's innovative spirit and a fusion of Greek mythology with modern science.
# Rail transport in Uzbekistan

As of March 2017, the total length of Uzbekistan's main railway network is 4,714 kilometres (2,929 mi) (2,500 kilometres (1,600 mi) of which is electrified). A large percentage of the system's track requires major repair. The main line is the portion of the Trans-Caspian railway that connects Tashkent with the Amu Darya. There are rail links with Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan (see Trans-Caspian Railway), Tajikistan, Afghanistan, and Turkmenistan. Suburban traffic only exists around Tashkent.

## High speed rail

The Tashkent–Bukhara high-speed rail line; a line upgraded to high speed operation started operation in September 2011.

## Trams

Uzbekistan has a tram in located in Samarkand. The modern, electrified system opened its first line in 2017, and is the first system to operate in Samarkand since the Soviet-era system was disestablished in 1973.
Uzbekistan is currently constructing a tram in Tashkent which is expected to be completed in 2024. The Tram will be provided by French company Alstom.

## International links

Uzbekistan has links to Moscow, Ufa, Chelyabinsk, Novosibirsk, Saratov, Penza and Saint Petersburg (via Kazakhstan) and Kharkiv (via Kazakhstan and Russia, it was suspended since the War in Donbas began in 2014). From Almaty connecting trains are provided to Urumchi in China. Also Tajik trains of Dushanbe-Moscow (No: 319), Moscow-Dushanbe (No: 320), Khujand-Saratov (No: 335), Khujand-Atyrau (No: 335), Saratov-Khujand (No: 336), Khujand-Moscow (No: 359), Moscow-Khujand (No: 360), Kanibadam-Bokhtar (No: 389), Bokhtar-Kanibadam (No: 389) and Atyrau-Khujand (No: 692) passes from Uzbekistan.
With only one change of trains in Moscow, passengers can travel overland from Central and Western Europe (Berlin, Cologne, Vienna, Prague, Budapest, Helsinki, etc.) to Tashkent and vice versa.
The Karshi-Termez line, which extends across the border into Afghanistan, is being electrified.
In March 2018, Uzbekistan Railways began a new service, connecting Tashkent with Balykchy.

## Metro lines

The Tashkent Metro was the only such line in Central Asia, until the opening of the Almaty Metro. Last development projects are detailed in Uzbekistan Railways website.

## Stats

4,714 kilometres (2,929 mi) rail network carries about 40% of total freight volume in the country, and about 4% of the total land passenger volume. Around 2,350 km of the network is currently electrified, as of 2019.

## Maps

* UN Map