OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Feuchtwanger Cent

The Feuchtwanger cent was a nickel silver private token coin circulated in the U.S. by Lewis Feuchtwanger during the 1830s and 1840s. Three-cent varieties were also available, though not as plentiful as the one-cent tokens.
The tokens were originally created as patterns to demonstrate a new type of metal for coinage; but when these proposals failed, they were temporarily used by the public during depressions to accommodate a shortage of small change.

## History

Lewis Feuchtwanger (born in Fürth, Bavaria on January 11, 1805) received a doctorate at the university of Jena and then moved to New York City. He was primarily a mineralogist, metallurgist, and chemist, but also worked as a physician and was a member of a number of learned societies. He wrote four books on mineralogy and chemicals.
In 1837, to alleviate the need for small change during the Hard Times, Feuchtwanger created tokens made of argentan (commonly known as "German silver"), an alloy made of copper, nickel, zinc, tin, and trace metals. It was considerably cheaper to produce than the extraction of copper for the government-minted half-cents and cents.
The Panic of 1837, an especially rough period of economic recession following the dissolution of the Second Bank of the United States, was known for massive hoarding of small change. Much of the small change circulating at this time (roughly 1837–1844) was composed of clunky copper half-cents and privately-produced token "cents" or various cut- and whole silver coins of foreign origin. In fact, it would not be until 1864 that Congress would enact into law that legal coinage be produced only by the United States Mint.
In 1837, Feuchtwanger presented his one cent coins to Congress for approval as legal coinage and a cheaper substitute for copper. This was probably the first attempt to circulate "nickel" coinage in the United States. Congress denied his request, but Feuchtwanger persisted in his production and circulation. Laws banning private coinage were not passed until 1864. Between 1837 and 1844 thousands of Feuchtwanger cents came out of his New York City pharmacy. More than a dozen different die casts have been identified by collectors.
Aside from one-cent tokens, in 1864 Feuchtwanger also produced three-cent tokens. These are considered extremely rare, as few specimens have survived. Feuchtwanger was also noted for producing stamp-like casts featuring his common theme of a pouncing eagle attacking a snake.
# List of national association football teams by nickname

The following is a list of nicknames of national association football teams.
# Macerata shooting

On 3 February 2018, a right-wing terrorist shooting occurred in Macerata, Italy. It received widespread media coverage and affected Italian politics as it occurred during the political campaign for the 2018 Italian general election.

## Events

On 3 February 2018, in the city of Macerata, Marche, 28-year-old local Luca Traini, driving a black Alfa Romeo 147 and armed with a 9mm Glock 17 Gen3 semi-automatic pistol, seriously wounded, in a drive-by shooting, six African migrants. Traini also targeted the local headquarters of the ruling Italian Democratic Party. After the attack, Traini reportedly had an Italian flag draped on his shoulders and raised his arm in a fascist salute.
Traini said the attack was revenge for the murder of Pamela Mastropietro, an 18-year-old local girl whose dismembered body had been found a few days earlier, stuffed into two suitcases and dumped in the countryside. For this, Innocent Oseghale, a 29-year-old Nigerian national and failed asylum seeker, had been arrested and charged.

## Aftermath

Traini was a member and former local candidate of Lega Nord (LN), and many political commentators, intellectuals, and politicians criticized the LN's leader Matteo Salvini, accusing him of having spread hate and racism in the country. Anti-mafia writer Roberto Saviano labeled Salvini as the moral instigator of the attack. Salvini responded to critics by accusing the centre-left coalition government of responsibility for Mastropietro's death for allowing migrants to stay in the country and having "blood on their hands", asserting the blame lies with those who "fill us with illegal immigrants". Marco Minniti, then Italian Minister of the Interior, condemned the attack, saying that no political party must "ride the hate".
During the 2019 Christchurch mosque shootings at Al Noor Mosque and Linwood Islamic Centre in Christchurch, New Zealand, Traini's name was written on one of the weapon magazines of the perpetrator, Australian Brenton Harrison Tarrant, alongside other far-right mass murderers and killers in addition to historical figures and battles. Tarrant also named Traini as among the shooters and killers that he supported because they "take a stand against ethnic and cultural genocide". Traini dissociated himself from the event, declaring himself to be regretful about what happened in Macerata.
The Prosecutor's Office of Macerata formulated against Traini the accusation of massacre aggravated by the purpose of racism, in addition to other crimes, including unlawful carrying of firearms. On 3 October 2018, Traini was sentenced to 12 years in prison with a summary judgment.
# Sutang station

Sutang station (Chinese: 粟塘站; pinyin: Sùtáng Zhàn) is a subway station in Changsha, Hunan, China, operated by the Changsha subway operator Changsha Metro.

## Station layout

The station has one island platform.

## History

The station opened on 26 May 2019.

## Surrounding area

* Hunan Provincial Stadium
* Hengda International Plaza (恒大国际广场)
# Bruce Pollard

Bruce Pollard (born 1945) is an Australian former rugby league footballer who played in the 1960s, and a dual premiership winner with St. George.

## Career

Pollard played his junior football for Renown United JRLFC. He went on to play five first grade seasons with St. George between 1963 and 1967.
He joined the first grade side after Brian Clay had broken his arm in 1963, and played in the 1963 Grand Final as an 18 year old.
Pollard went on to become a dual premiership player, winning the Grand Finals of 1963 and 1966. In 1966, he played as a centre, replacing the injured Reg Gasnier.
Pollard retired after the 1967 preliminary final when St. George were beaten 12–11 by Canterbury-Bankstown. This game finished the Dragons 11 straight premiership winning sequence by eliminating them from the 1967 Grand Final.
# 1942 Cuban parliamentary election

Parliamentary elections were held in Cuba on 15 March 1942. The Liberal Party and the Democratic Party both won 21 seats in the House of Representatives.

## Results

| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats |
| | Liberal Party of Cuba | | | 21 |
| | Democratic Party | | | 21 |
| | Partido Auténtico | | | 10 |
| | Communist Revolutionary Union | | | 3 |
| | ABC | | | 2 |
| Total | Total | | | 57 |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 1,977,001 | – | |
| Source: Nohlen |||||
# Godenu

Gbi-Godenu is a divisional chieftaincy of the traditional area of Hohoe recognized within of the Constitution of Ghana and legislation regulating the "Headquarters" in Ghanaian society. It is located in the Volta River region of Ghana.
The current traditional chief of Godenu is Togbe Osei III. He is owes allegiance to the Fiaga of Gbi.
Name Godenu means Be Steadfast with God.
The Gbi-Godenu area covers 18 square kilometers with approximately 13,000 inhabitants in four places near Hohoe.

## Talking River

A tourist attraction and enigmatic symbol of Godenu is the so-called "Talking River". According to tradition the river communicates with the ancients, the togbe (even those of the neighboring towns and cities) and other persons of "strong spirit" and in a sort of oracle points the way forward, including for the future of the town of Godenu itself . Another attraction of the river is its small islets, some with denser vegetation cover and others made of stones, which give the landscape its shape.

## Help Godenu

Help Godenu - Help for Godenu "is a non-profit association dedicated to the education, health and peaceful coexistence of religions in the Kingdom of Godenu.
# Claudia Müller-Birn

Claudia Müller-Birn (born 1976) is a German academic who has been Professor of Web Science and Human Centered Computing at the Free University of Berlin since 2012.

## Career

Claudia Müller-Birn completed her doctorate on “Graph theoretical analysis of the evolution of wiki-based networks for self-organized knowledge management” at the University of Potsdam in 2008.
From 2009 to 2010, she did postdoctural research, “Coordination, Technology and Distributed Work” at the Institute for Software Research at the Carnegie Mellon University.
From 2010 to 2012, Müller-Birn was a visiting professor in the research group “Network-Based Information Systems” at the Institute of Computer Science at the Free University of Berlin.
Müller-Birn is head of the Human-Centered Computing (HCC.lab) working group at the Institute of Computer Science at the Free University of Berlin, and Principal Investigator of the Cluster of Excellence “Image Knowledge Design”, at the Hermann von Helmholtz Center for Cultural Technology. She heads the focus area “Architectures of Knowledge."
Müller-Birn investigates how human cognition can be combined with machine intelligence to enhance the existing processes of knowledge generation in online communities. She is particularly interested in modeling, analyzing and evaluating user behavior in order to provide individualized services.

## Works

* Müller-Birn, Claudia; Karran, Benjamin; Lehmann, Janette; Luczak-Rösch, Markus (2015-08-19). Peer-production system or collaborative ontology engineering effort: what is Wikidata? (PDF). ACM. doi:10.1145/2788993.2789836. ISBN 978-1-4503-3666-6. Retrieved 2025-01-16.
* Linke, Diane; Müller-Birn, Claudia (2024). "Identifying Characteristics of Reflection Triggers in Data Science Ethics Education". Proceedings of Mensch und Computer 2024. ACM. pp. 466–473. doi:10.1145/3670653.3677486. ISBN 979-8-4007-0998-2.
* Franzen, Daniel; Müller-Birn, Claudia; Wegwarth, Odette (2024-04-17). "Communicating the Privacy-Utility Trade-off: Supporting Informed Data Donation with Privacy Decision Interfaces for Differential Privacy". Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction. 8 (CSCW1): 1–56. doi:10.1145/3637309. ISSN 2573-0142.
# The New Beginning in Osaka (2018)

The New Beginning in Osaka (2018) is a professional wrestling event promoted by New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW). The event took place on February 10, 2018, in Osaka, Osaka, at the Osaka Prefectural Gymnasium and featured nine matches, three of which were contested for championships.
In the main event, Kazuchika Okada defended the IWGP Heavyweight Championship against Sanada. This was the fourteenth event under the New Beginning name and the sixth to take place in Osaka.

## Production

Other on-screen personnel :
| Role: | Name: |
| Commentators | Don Callis (English-language announcer) |
| Commentators | Kevin Kelly (English-language announcer) |
| Ring announcers | Makoto Abe |
| Referees | Kenta Sato |
| Referees | Marty Asami |
| Referees | Red Shoes Unno |
| Referees | Tiger Hattori |

### Background

The event will air worldwide on NJPW's internet streaming site, NJPW World, with English commentary provided by Kevin Kelly and Don Callis.

### Storylines

The New Beginning in Osaka will feature nine professional wrestling matches, which will involve different wrestlers from pre-existing scripted feuds and storylines. The final five matches on the card feature Chaos and Los Ingobernables de Japón taking on one another in singles matches. Wrestlers portray villains, heroes, or less distinguishable characters in the scripted events that build tension and culminate in a wrestling match or series of matches.

## Results

| No. | Results | Stipulations | Times |
| 1 | Yuji Nagata defeated Katsuya Kitamura | Singles match | 10:58 |
| 2 | Suzuki-gun (El Desperado and Yoshinobu Kanemaru) defeated Roppongi 3K (Sho and Yoh) | Tag team match | 10:22 |
| 3 | Taguchi Japan (Ryusuke Taguchi and Kushida), Michael Elgin and Togi Makabe defeated Suzuki-gun (Taka Michinoku, Taichi, Takashi Iizuka and Minoru Suzuki) | Eight-man tag team match | 11:52 |
| 4 | Chaos (Toru Yano, Tomohiro Ishii and Jay White) defeated Taguchi Japan (David Finlay, Juice Robinson and Toa Henare) | Six-man tag team match | 7:33 |
| 5 | Bushi defeated Gedo | Singles match | 10:07 |
| 6 | Tetsuya Naito defeated Yoshi-Hashi | Singles match | 16:46 |
| 7 | Will Ospreay (c) defeated Hiromu Takahashi | Singles match for the IWGP Junior Heavyweight Championship | 20:05 |
| 8 | Hirooki Goto (c) defeated Evil | Singles match for the NEVER Openweight Championship | 20:19 |
| 9 | Kazuchika Okada (c) defeated Sanada | Singles match for the IWGP Heavyweight Championship | 32:12 |
| (c) – the champion(s) heading into the match ||||
# Pre-delivery inspection

A pre-delivery inspection is an inspection carried out, either by a purchaser or seller, prior to the final delivery of the product. It is used in several industries.

## Automotive industry

In the automotive industry, a pre-delivery inspection is "the final check carried out by the dealer on a car before they hand it over to you", and includes various checks to ensure that the vehicle is up to a certain standard before it is presented to the purchaser.

## Real estate

The pre-delivery inspection, which generally applies to newly built homes, is a real estate term that means the buyer has the option (or requirement, depending upon how the real estate contract is written) to inspect the property prior to closing or settlement. These inspections generally take place up to a week before a closing, and they generally allow buyers the first opportunity to inspect their new home. Additionally, the inspection is to ensure that all terms of the contract have been met, that the home is substantially completed, and that major items are in working order.
# Yeghipatrush Church

The Surb Astvatsatsin Church (Armenian: Եղիպատրուշ Սուրբ Աստուածածին Եկեղեցի; meaning Holy Mother of God Church); also Yeghipatrush Church (Armenian: Եղիպատրուշ Եկեղեցի) is a church located in the village of Yeghipatrush in the Aragatsotn Province of Armenia. It was constructed between the 10th and 13th centuries.
Nearby is an Early-Medieval cemetery containing the ruins of a 5th-century basilica as well as a 13th-century double-khachkar shrine. Of primary interest is the 12th- to 13th-century roofless gavit, which is unique in Armenian architecture because of the inclusion of watchtowers at the plan's northeast and southeast corners. It has twelve columns in the interior. Design elements of the gavit's west portal were heavily influenced by Islamic architecture. It has a decorative archway mounted by an equilateral pointed arch, surrounded by a rectangular frame containing geometric patterns (see also Neghutsi Vank and Orbelian's Caravanserai).

## Architecture

The Church of S. Astvatsatsin is adjacent to the gavit and has a large cruciform central plan with a single cylindrical drum and conical dome resting above. Narrow windows with bell style arches are positioned at each of the four cardinal directions. A portal leads into the church from the west façade via the gavit.

## Gallery

* Another view of the church
* 12th- or 13th-century gavit
* Capital in the gavit with cross carvings
* Capital with design
* West portal to the gavit
* Double-khachkar shrine in nearby cemetery
# Coronation Cup (football)

The Coronation Cup was a one-off football tournament to celebrate the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II, between four English and four Scottish clubs, held in Glasgow in May 1953. This tournament, like the Empire Exhibition Trophy, was held in very high regard by football clubs, as at the time it allowed teams to test themselves against teams from another country in the days before European football.
Celtic and Hibernian met in the final at Hampden Park, Celtic coming out the winners 2–0 before 117,000 spectators. Celtic's victory meant that they became the unofficial champions of Britain.

## Entrants

| Team | Achievement |
| Aberdeen | 1952–53 Scottish Cup runners-up |
| Celtic | 1938 Empire Exhibition Trophy winners (unofficial reigning British champions) |
| Hibernian | 1952–53 Scottish Division One runners-up |
| Rangers | 1952–53 Scottish Division One champions and Scottish Cup winners |
| Arsenal | 1952–53 First Division champions |
| Manchester United | 1951–52 First Division champions |
| Newcastle United | 1950–51 and 1951–52 FA Cup winners |
| Tottenham Hotspur | 1951–52 First Division runners-up |

## Quarter-finals

* Celtic 1 – 0 Arsenal
* Manchester United 2 – 1 Rangers
* Newcastle United 4 – 0 Aberdeen
* Hibernian 1 – 1 (a.e.t.) Tottenham Hotspur
Replay
* Hibernian 2 – 1 (a.e.t.) Tottenham Hotspur

## Semi-finals

* Celtic 2 – 1 Manchester United
* Hibernian 4 – 0 Newcastle United

## Final

| GK | John Bonnar |
| RB | Mike Haughney |
| LB | Alex Rollo |
| RH | Bobby Evans |
| CH | Jock Stein (c) |
| LH | John McPhail |
| OR | Bobby Collins |
| IR | Jimmy Walsh |
| CF | Neil Mochan |
| IL | Bertie Peacock |
| OL | Willie Fernie |
| GK | Tommy Younger |
| RB | Jock Govan |
| LB | Jock Paterson |
| RH | Archie Buchanan |
| CH | Hugh Howie |
| LH | Bobby Combe |
| OR | Gordon Smith |
| IR | Bobby Johnstone |
| CF | Lawrie Reilly (c) |
| IL | Eddie Turnbull |
| OL | Willie Ormond |
# AMC-1

AMC-1 is a geosynchronous communications satellite operated by SES, as part of the AMC fleet acquired from GE AMERICOM in 2001. It was a hybrid C-Band / Ku-band spacecraft currently located at 131° West, serving the Canada, United States, Mexico, and Caribbean.
AMC-1 was replaced by the newer SES-3 satellite on 15 July 2011.

## Specifications

C-band payload: 24 x 36 MHz Amp type: SSPA, 12- to 18-watt (adjustable) Amp redundancy: 16 for 12 Receiver redundancy: 4 for 2 Coverage: CONUS, Alaska, Hawaii, Mexico, Caribbean, Canada
Ku-band payload: 24 x 36 MHz Amp type: TWTA, 60-watt Amp redundancy: 18 for 12 Receiver redundancy: 4 for 2 Coverage: Contiguous United States, Alaska, Hawaii, Northern Mexico, Southern Canada
# Rodrigo Arocena

Rodrigo Arocena Linn (born February 23, 1947, in Montevideo) is an Uruguayan mathematician, and rector of the University of the Republic since July 2006.

## Biography

Son of Germán Arocena Capurro and Mercedes Linn Davie, he comes from an Uruguayan upper-class family. His only brother Ignacio Arocena Linn disappeared on 20 August 1978 in Argentina, under circumstances surrounding the military regime. He began his academic life in the Faculty of Engineering at the University of the Republic of Uruguay. After a short time he began to teach at the Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, today called "Rafael Laguardia". During the military dictatorship in Uruguay, Arocena was exiled from the country, after spending a period in prison. After a journey to Buenos Aires he migrated to Caracas and obtained his doctorate in mathematics in 1979 from the Central University of Venezuela (UCV), under the direction of Mischa Cotlar in the area of functional analysis. More recently, Arocena changed the direction of his studies, dedicating himself to social sciences, obtaining at the UCV a second doctorate in development studies, in 1990. He acted as Professor of Science and Development at the Faculty of Science until his election as vice-chancellor of the University of the Republic of Uruguay. In 2007 the LGBT collective "Ovejas Negras" (Black Sheep) recognized him as Person of the Year.

## Publications

He is the author of more than 30 articles in the area of social science, dedicated to the study of the science in Uruguay and Latin America, and the themes of exile and technology. He has published 16 books (as author, co-author, or editor) regarding similar social themes. In the area of mathematics, between the years 1979 and 1998, he published some 40 articles about functional and harmonic analysis, unary operators and advancements.

## Vice-chancellor of the University

Rodrigo Arocena was elected vice-chancellor of the University of the Republic of Uruguay in the third vote (the last possible moment) in the General Assembly of the Senate. After the withdrawal of several candidates, opinions were divided between Rodrigo Arocena and Roberto Markarian, another mathematician who also began teaching in the Rafael Laguardia Institute of Mathematics and Statistics at the same time as Arocena. Arocena counted on the support of the majority of the students from the Federation of University Students of Uruguay in the General Assembly of the Senate to boost his candidacy, while Markarian had backing from the Teacher's Association of the University of the Republic (ADUR).
# Pegu Range

The Pegu Range (Burmese: ပဲခူးရိုးမ; Pegu Yoma or Bago Yoma) is a range of low mountains or hills and uplands between the Irrawaddy and the Sittaung River in central Burma (Myanmar). The range runs from Mount Popa in the north to Singuttara Hill (Theingottara Hill) in the south. Both the Pegu River and the Sittaung River originate in the Pegu Range.

## High points

Among the notable peaks or hilltops are 1,518 metres (4,980 ft) high Mount Popa, a stratovolcano, Sinnamaung TAUNG 2,693 feet (820 m), Shwenape TAUNG 2,509 feet (765 m), TALAN TAUNG 2,050 feet (625 m), Binhontaung 2,003 feet (611 m), Kodittaung 1,885 feet (575 m), Phoe-Oo Taung and Singguttara Hill (Theingottara Hill).

## Geology

The Pegu Range consists of folded and faulted Paleogene marine sediments combined with more recent volcanics.

## History

The Shwedagon Pagoda was built sometime before 1000 A.D. on Singguttara Hill.
The Pegu Range was the original site of the 1930–1931 Saya San uprising against the British. Saya San raised the flag of independence on Alantaung Hill near Tharrawaddy.
Later the Pegu Range became a center for the Communist Party of Burma.

## Ecology

The northern end of the Pegu merges into the Burmese Dry Belt, while in the south there is over 80 inches of rainfall a year. The hills of the Pegu Range were originally heavily forested with teak and other commercially exploitable hardwoods. The southern forests were "ironwood forests", while the central and northern forests were teak. Extensive logging has caused the present deforestation and increased erosion in the area.
# Private nonindustrial forest land

Private nonindustrial forest lands are forest lands in various countries, owned by private individuals or organizations that do not also own a wood processing facility.
Nonindustrial private forests cover about 360 million acres in the United States, or roughly one-half of the nation's total forested acres.
Nonindustrial private forests or “NIPFs” are unlike public or industrial forests. Most of these forests are small, family owned, and timber-producing. In terms of size, 95 percent cover less than 100 acres, and 60 percent cover less than 10 acres. Due to parcellization, the number of NIPF owners has increased in recent decades, while the average tract size has shrunk. Nonetheless, at 360 million cumulative acres, nonindustrial private forests constitute a significant portion of the nation's undeveloped land.
Most nonindustrial private forests are family owned. Title to 250 million acres,. or 70 percent of all NIPFs, is held by individuals, married couples, or family estates and trusts. These family owned forests tend to pass from generation to generation. Those that are not family owned are held by partnerships, tribes, or corporations.