OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gimbaled thrust

Gimbaled thrust is the system of thrust vectoring used in most rockets, including the Space Shuttle, the Saturn V lunar rockets, and the Falcon 9.

## Operation

In a gimbaled thrust system, the engine or just the exhaust nozzle of the rocket can be swiveled on two axes (pitch and yaw) from side to side. As the nozzle is moved, the direction of the thrust is changed relative to the center of gravity of the rocket.
The diagram illustrates three cases. The middle rocket shows the straight-line flight configuration in which the direction of thrust is along the center line of the rocket and through the center of gravity of the rocket. On the rocket at the left, the nozzle has been deflected to the left and the thrust line is now inclined to the rocket center line at an angle called the gimbal angle. Since the thrust no longer passes through the center of gravity, a torque is generated about the center of gravity and the nose of the rocket turns to the left. If the nozzle is gimbaled back along the center line, the rocket will move to the left. On the rocket at the right, the nozzle has been deflected to the right and the nose is moved to the right.

## Details and examples

Thrust vectoring for many liquid rockets is achieved by gimbaling the whole engine. This involves moving the entire combustion chamber and outer engine bell as on the Titan II's twin first-stage motors, or even the entire engine assembly including the related fuel and oxidizer pumps. The Saturn V and the Space Shuttle used gimbaled engines.
A later method developed for solid propellant ballistic missiles achieves thrust vectoring by deflecting only the nozzle of the rocket using electric actuators or hydraulic cylinders. The nozzle is attached to the missile via a ball joint with a hole in the centre, or a flexible seal made of a thermally resistant material, the latter generally requiring more torque and a higher power actuation system. The Trident C4 and D5 systems are controlled via hydraulically actuated nozzle. The STS SRBs used gimbaled nozzles.
# Martin Gaziev

Martin Gaziev (Bulgarian: Мартин Газиев; born 13 August 1988 in Gotse Delchev) is a Bulgarian footballer who plays as a midfielder for Maritsa Plovdiv.

## Career

Gaziev played youth football at Lokomotiv 101 in Sofia five years before being scouted by Lokomotiv Plovdiv. He joined Lokomotiv Plovdiv as a youth player at the age of 16.
Gaziev started his senior career at Brestnik 1948 and played also for Benkovski Pazardzhik and Lokomotiv Septemvri, before moving to Pirin Gotse Delchev on 20 June 2011.
After playing six months at Pirin, Gaziev signed for First Macedonian League club Rabotnički Skopje on 1 February 2012.
On 11 July 2017, Gaziev returned to Pirin Razlog.
On 7 January 2018, Gaziev signed with Sozopol. He left the club at the end of the 2017–18 season.
# 4.25mm Liliput

The 4.25mm Liliput is a centerfire rimless straight-sided cartridge originally produced in Austria for self-loading pocket pistols made by Erika before World War I. In 1920 the Liliput pistol was manufactured by August Menz of Suhl to use the cartridge. The cartridge became best known by the Liliput name used on German ammunition after Austria ceased production. The cartridge headspaces on the mouth of the case. It was the smallest centerfire cartridge in production in the 1930s.
# One of Those Days When Hemme Dies

One of Those Days When Hemme Dies (Turkish: Hemme’nin öldüğü günlerden biri) is a 2024 Turkish drama film written and directed by Murat Fıratoğlu, in his directorial debut.
The film premiered at the 81st edition of the Venice Film Festival in the Horizons sidebar, where it won the Special Jury Prize. The film also won the prize for best film and the SİYAD Jury Award at the 2024 Adana Golden Boll Film Festival.

## Cast

* Salih Taşçı
* Murat Fıratoğlu
* Sefer Fıratoğlu
* Güneş Sayın
* Ali Barkın
* Çetin Fıratoğlu
# Fatima Batul Mukhtar

Fatima Batul Mukhtarpronunciation is a Nigerian academic, a professor of botany and the current Vice Chancellor of Azman University Kano. Her research interest are centered on "growth regulation, biostatistics, biotechnology and plant conservation". she was appointed Vice Chancellor of Federal University Dutse by President Muhammadu Buhari. she served between 2016 and 2021.

## Early life and education

Fatima was born on 23 May 1963 in Kano Municipal Local Government Area of Kano State. She attended Shahuchi Primary School and Shekara Girls Boarding Primary School, she also attended Government Girls College, Dala. She obtained 1st degree in Botany from Ahmadu Bello University in 1984, she also obtained 2nd and 3rd degree from Bayero University in 1994 and 2005 respectively. She enrolled in an Agricultural biotechnology course in Michigan State University in 2012.

## Career

Fatima started her career in 1994 at Bayero University Kano as Assistant Lecturer up to professor of Botany in 2010 she held some responsibilities form Level Coordinator to Head of the Plant Science Department
Fatima is the member of Northwest University, Kano one of the founding academic administrators at Northwest University Kano, and was the Dean Faculty of science and also the Deputy Vice Chancellor of Northwest University Kano in 2015,. where she chaired ICT Committee, Hospital Revolving Fund Committee, and Budget Monitoring and Performance Committee.

## Appointments

Fatima become the 2nd the Vice-Chancellor Federal University Dutse who was appointed by President Muhammad Buhari on 14 February 2016.
On August 30, 2023, Azman University made a significant announcement by appointing Fatima Batul Mukhtar as its inaugural Vice Chancellor. This appointment marks a historic moment as she becomes both the first individual and the first woman to assume the university's highest leadership position.
# L'Anse Creuse High School - North

L'Anse Creuse High School - North, colloquially known as simply "L'Anse Creuse North", is a public, magnet high school in Macomb Township, Michigan, and serves grades 9-12. It is one of two high schools in the L'Anse Creuse Public Schools district, with the other being L'Anse Creuse High School. L'Anse Creuse High School - North was created in 1975, with along L'Anse Creuse Junior High - North.

## Demographics

The demographic breakdown of the 1,896 students enrolled in 2015-2016 was:
* Male - 52.3%
* Female - 47.7%
* Native American/Alaskan - 0.1%
* Asian/Pacific islanders - 1.4%
* Black - 9.55%
* Hispanic - 3.5%
* White - 82%
* Multiracial - 3.5%
26.9% of the students were eligible for free or reduced-cost lunch.

## Notable alumni

* Steven Oleksy, professional ice hockey defenseman
* Tyler Conklin, NFL football tight end
# Holdgate Castle

Holdgate Castle (sometimes spelt Holgate Castle) is situated in the village of Holdgate (or Stanton Holdgate or Castle Holdgate) between Craven Arms and Bridgnorth, Shropshire.
This castle was mentioned in the Domesday Book. It was a motte and bailey and contained a college of secular clergy which was founded before 1210 and dissolved after 1373. Earthworks with stone foundations are still present and the remains of a 13th-century semicircular flanking tower are incorporated into a farmhouse.
# Lukman Adefemi

Lukman Adefemi Abegunrin is a Nigerian professional footballer who plays as a forward.

## Career
### Nigeria

Born in Lagos, Nigeria. Lukman emerged through the youth ranks of local academy called Wusu. In 2012, Nigeria Premier league side Crown FC signed Lukman for a season and he made professional debut at the age of 18 years. He was adjudged best youth player for Crown FC.

### Serbia

FK Javor Ivanjica scouted talent of Lukman and offered him 1 year deal. In 2013-14 Javor Ivanjica relegated to Serbia first league. In 2014, Lukman came back to Africa.

### Mozambique

In 2015, Lukman joined Moçambola giants CD Maxaquene. Lukman finished the season on a high note and become top scorer for Maxaquene. In 2016, Lukman finished runner-up with Maxaquene in Taça de Moçambique. In 2017, Lukman joined FC Chibuto and had another successful season there. He was then getting offers from European clubs and one of them was Varzim.

### Portugal

After his impressive season in Mozambique, Portugal club Varzim signed him on loan where Lukman played for half season and came back to Mozambique and joined Ferroviário.

### Oman

In 2019, Lukman joined Oman Professional League club Al-Rustaq for half season of 2018-19. In January 2020, Lukman joined another Oman based club Al Diriyah for remainder season of 2019-20.

### India

In December 2019, Lukman joined I-League club Real Kashmir FC. In the same month, Real Kashmir won prestigious IFA Shield. He was adjudged man of the tournament and top scorer of IFA Shield 2019-20. On 10 January 2021, Lukman made his debut for Real Kashmir in I-League against Manipur based club TRAU FC, which ended as 1-1 draw.

### South Africa

On 1 October 2021, Lukman signed with second tier of South African football club, Free State Stars.

## Honours

Real Kashmir
* IFA Shield: 2020
CD Maxaquene
* Taça de Moçambique: 2016
Individual
* IFA Shield Top Scorer/MVP: 2020
# Urethral sling

A urethral sling is a surgically implanted device that stabilizes pelvic tissues and organs of women. The surgery that implants this device can help treat urinary incontinence and uterine prolapse. An alternative treatment to the placement of the urethral sling is urethral bulking injections.
# Edgar Choueiri

Edgar Y. Choueiri (born 1961 in Lebanon) is a Lebanese American plasma physicist and previously president of the Lebanese Academy of Sciences. He is best known for clarifying the role of plasma instabilities in spacecraft electric thrusters (see plasma propulsion), for conceiving and developing new spacecraft propulsion concepts and, more recently, for his work on 3D audio.

## Career

Choueiri is professor of applied physics and aerospace engineering at Princeton University. At Princeton, he also serves as director of the electric propulsion and plasma dynamics laboratory, director of Princeton's engineering physics program, and the principal investigator of Princeton University's 3D audio and applied acoustics lab (3D3A). He is Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) and previously president of the Electric Rocket Propulsion Society.
In 2004, Choueiri was knighted (Medal of the Order of the Cedars, Rank of Knight) for his work in astronautics by the president of the Republic of Lebanon.
# Cotton Press (Tarboro, North Carolina)

The Tarboro Cotton Press, which is also called the Norfleet Cotton Press or the Edgecombe County Cotton Press, is a wooden cotton press built in the mid-18th century in Edgecombe County, North Carolina. It was moved to the Tarboro Town Common of Tarboro, North Carolina. It was named to the National Register of Historic Places on February 18, 1971. It is located in the Tarboro Historic District.

## History

The first owner of the press was Isaac Norfleet, at a plantation about 2.5 mi (4 km) southwest of Tarboro in Edgecombe County. It was originally a cider and wine press. Around 1860, the press was converted to a cotton press because of the growing need to process the cotton crop. The press is constructed of yellow pine. It has a large screw that is used to compress the cotton into a wooden form to produce the bale. The supporting frame has four upright posts with braces. There are two long booms. These booms or poles have been called "buzzard wings." Animal hitches were attached to the booms. Mules and oxen were used to rotate the screw. The overall height of the press is 22 ft (7 m).
Pictures of the cotton press at its original location show a rectangular open shed with a steep hip roof. The top of the press extends through this roof. It is covered by a smaller, rectangular hip roof that rotates with the screw.
In 1938, the press was moved to Tarboro's Town Common on Albemarle Street, but its shed was demolished. A small octagonal hip roof was built over the press. Restoration of the cotton press was completed in 1976. The octagonal roof was removed and a pavilion resembling the original shed has been built to protect the cotton press from the elements.
Additional photographs of the cotton press were taken for the Historic American Buildings Survey. Other photographs are available.
There is a similar, older wooden cotton press near Latta, South Carolina. Another antebellum cotton press without the buzzard wings poles is at Magnolia Plantation near Derry, Louisiana. This press has a fixed screw and its base is rotated to compress the cotton.
# Transcend Air Vy 400

The Transcend Air Vy 400 is a tiltwing convertible aircraft under development by American startup Transcend Air.

## Development

In September 2018, Transcend was flying two electric-powered, one-fifth-scale prototypes to evaluate aerodynamics of the vertical and forward flight transition. It should be followed by a half-scale prototype powered by a smaller PT6 to demonstrate the drive train. A 2019 Series A round would fund a full-scale crewed prototype flying in 18–24 months, for a 2023 end certification. A manufacturing partner is sought to certify the aircraft for $350–500 million and produce it. By November 2018, Transcend had selected VerdeGo Aero to provide hybrid electric propulsion systems after the turbine version.
The company wants to establish a short-haul scheduled airline between barges in 46 cities like Boston-New York/Washington, San Francisco-Los Angeles/San Diego or Montreal-Toronto, for less door-to-door cost than the combined cost of existing airlines plus ground transport while avoiding paying for an empty re-positioning leg like air charters, but is skeptical about the on-demand model behind urban air mobility.
In August 2023, Transcend Air announced the development of a larger model, the Vy 421, powered by twin CT7-8 engines. The aircraft has been redesigned to carry seven passengers.

## Design

The aircraft would be certified under the FAR Part 23 commuter category, with industry standards for compliance and elements of helicopters FAR Part 27. Steep approaches and departures is intended to minimize noise and airspace issues.
Its single 1,700 hp (1,300 kW) Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6-67F turboshaft from the drives wingtip proprotors via gearboxes and shafts, with collective and a 40 hp (30 kW) electric tail fan for flight controls with fly-by-wire envelope protection. The cabin is larger than a high-performance turboprop single like the TBM 930 with 23 in (580 mm) wide seats and enough leg room for 6 ft (1.8 m) tall passengers, and it would have landing skids not wheels.
With a maximum takeoff weight of 6,990 lb (3,170 kg) and a useful load of 2,200 lb (1,000 kg) for fuel and a payload of five 200 lb (91 kg) passengers with overnight bags, its range would be 450 mi (390 nmi; 720 km) at 405 mph (352 kn; 652 km/h).

## Specifications

Data from Transcend Air
General characteristics
* Crew: 1
* Capacity: 5 passengers
* Empty weight: 4,800 lb (2,177 kg)
* Max takeoff weight: 6,990 lb (3,171 kg)
* Fuel capacity: 960 lb (440 kg)
* Powerplant: 1 × Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6 turboshaft, 1,700 hp (1,300 kW)
* Powerplant: 1 × Yasa 750 electric motor, 40 hp (30 kW)
Performance
* Cruise speed: 405 mph (652 km/h, 352 kn)
* Range: 300–450 mi (480–720 km, 260–390 nmi)
* Service ceiling: 15,000 ft (4,600 m)
* Rate of climb: 4,500 ft/min (23 m/s)
* Rate of sink: 4,000 ft/min (20 m/s)
# Julian Codman

Julian Codman (September 21, 1870 – December 30, 1932), was an American lawyer who was a vigorous opponent of Prohibition who was also involved with the Anti-Imperialist League.

## Early life

Codman was born in Cotuit, Massachusetts, on September 21, 1870. He was the son of Col. Charles Russell Codman (1829–1918), a colonel in the Union Army who commanded the 45th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, and Lucy Lyman Paine Sturgis (1833–1907). Among his siblings were Russell Sturgis Codman; John Sturgis Codman; Anne McMasters Codman, who married Henry Bromfield Cabot; and Susan Welles Codman, who married Redington Fiske.
His maternal grandfather was Russell Sturgis, a wealthy Boston merchant active in the China trade, and his uncle was noted architect and builder John Hubbard Sturgis, who designed the Codman House in Lincoln, Massachusetts and the Boston Museum of Fine Arts, along with Charles Brigham.
Codman received an A.B. degree from Harvard University in 1892 and an LL.B. degree from Harvard Law School in 1895. He passed the Massachusetts Bar exam in 1895 and began practicing as a lawyer.

## Career

Codman, an Independent, was a member of the Executive Committee of New England Anti-Imperialist League from 1902 to 1904. In 1904, he was a Delegate of the Democratic National Convention, a Signatory of Philippine Independence Committee Petition, and sat on the Executive Committee of Anti-Imperialist League. In 1918, he was the vice-president of Anti-Imperialist League.
From 1916 until 1919, Codman served in the U.S. Army during World War I, achieving the rank of Colonel.
He also served as a vice-president of the Associated Charities, headed the Constitutional Liberty League, was counsel for the Joint Legislative Committee, and was a notable foe of prohibition. He twice represented the combined anti-Prohibition societies at Congressional hearings.
Codman co-wrote Secretary Root's Record: "Marked Severities" in Philippine Warfare.

## Personal life

In 1897, he married Norah Chadwick (1873–1961), daughter of James Read Chadwick and his wife Katherine Maria Lyman. They had two daughters, who were the wives of Guy Holden Norris and Ransom F. Hodges.
Codman died at the Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston on December 30, 1932, and was buried at Forest Hills Cemetery, which is located in the Forest Hills section of the Jamaica Plain neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts.
# Souaid

Souaid is a transliteration of various Arabic language surnames. It can refer to:
* Carolyn Marie Souaid (born 1959), Canadian writer
* Fares Souaid (born 1958), Lebanese politician
* Nadim Souaid ]]]odookieeeee]] (born 1986), Lebanese basketball player
# Vegan Party

The Vegan Party (Danish: Veganerpartiet) was a political party in Denmark.

## History

The party was founded in October 2018 by Henrik Vindfeldt and Michael Monberg. Monberg became the leader of the party. In August 2020 the party had gathered the required signatures to run in the next Danish general election, and on 14 September this was confirmed by the Minister of Social Affairs and the Interior. The following day, Monberg resigned as the party's leader, and Lisel Vad Olsson took over. Olsson was a certified practitioner in meditation and reiki. She led the party until March 2021.
The party was renamed Green Alliance on 1 September 2022 and on 20 September 2022 it merged into The Alternative.
# Luca Gentili (footballer, born 1986)

Luca Gentili (born 22 May 1986) is an Italian footballer who plays for Serie D club Fossombrone.

## Biography

Born in Fano, the second largest town (by population) in the Province of Pesaro and Urbino, Gentili started his career with Vis Pesaro. After a season with Perugia, he was loaned to Inter Milan. He played once for the Inter first team in a friendly match. However, Inter did not buy him, and Gentili returned to Fano and played two Serie D seasons.
In August 2007, he signed a 1-year contract with, but now as a right back. He only managed to play for Ancona in the 2007–08 Coppa Italia Serie C.
In January 2008, he was signed by Valle del Giovenco. After the club was promoted to Lega Pro Prima Divisione, he was released.
In the 2009–10 season, he played for Serie D side Real Montecchio, and in the next season, he left for Fossombrone after Montecchio was relegated. Both clubs were located in the Province of Pesaro and Urbino.
# Tayr Debba

Tayr Debba (Arabic: طير دبّا) is a municipality in the Tyre District in the South Governorate of Lebanon, located 7 kilometres east of Tyre and 88 kilometers south of Beirut. Its total land area consists of 578 hectares and its average elevation is 200 meters above sea level. There are two schools, one public and the other private, in Tayr Debba which collectively enrolled a total of 607 students in 2006.

## Etymology

According to E. H. Palmer, Teir Dubbeh means "the fortress of the bear".

## History

In 1881, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described it: "A village built of stone, containing 250 Metawileh, situated on a ridge surrounded by olives and fig-trees and arable land. There are three cisterns in the village."
Tayr Debba is the hometown of the Hezbollah commander Imad Mughniyeh, who was assassinated in 2008.

## Demographics

In 2014 Muslims made up 99.61% of registered voters in Tayr Debba. 98.57% of the voters were Shiite Muslims.

## Notable people

* Mohamad Haidar (born 1989), Lebanese footballer
* Imad Mughniyeh, former Hezbollah member
* Jihad Mughniyah, former Hezbollah member
* Ali Bahsoun, former Hezbollah member
# Sir (1993 film)

Sir is a 1993 Indian Hindi-language crime drama film directed by Mahesh Bhatt starring debutant Atul Agnihotri and Pooja Bhatt in the lead roles, with Naseeruddin Shah playing the title role. Paresh Rawal and Gulshan Grover play the main villains. The film was remade in Telugu as Gangmaster, with Rajasekhar.

## Plot

Mumbai-based college lecturer Amar Verma (Naseeruddin Shah) lives with his wife, Shobha (Soni Razdan), and 6-year-old son, Kunal. When a war breaks out between gang lords Veljibhai (Paresh Rawal) and Chhapan Tikli (Gulshan Grover) alias Jimmy, a number of innocent bystanders fall victim, one of whom is Kunal. This devastates the Verma family. Shobha walks out on Amar, who then devotes his life to his students. Many years later, when he finds out that a student, Pooja (Pooja Bhatt), is afflicted by stammering, he decides to help her. He finds out that she is the only child of gangster Veljibhai.
Amar meets with Veljibhai, discusses the gang-war scenario, then meets with Chhapan Tikli and does the same. Amar gets the gangsters to agree on a truce so that he can take Pooja and the rest of the students on a field trip to Bangalore. Amar will soon find out that neither Veljibhai nor Chhapan Tikli has any intention of keeping any truce. As the two dons engage in a fight to the finish, it seems that Amar may well have jeopardized his own life as well as the lives of Pooja and the other students. An additional complication arises with Pooja falling in love with her classmate Karan (Atul Agnihotri) and wishing to marry him against the wishes of her father.

## Cast

* Naseeruddin Shah as Professor Amar Verma
* Atul Agnihotri as Karan Luchad
* Pooja Bhatt as Pooja Patekar, Veljibhai's daughter.
* Paresh Rawal as Veljibhai Patekar
* Avtar Gill as Arjun Daas
* Soni Razdan as Shobha Verma, Amar's wife.
* Sushmita Mukherjee as Sweety Tikli, Jimmy's sister.
* Gulshan Grover as Chhappan Tikli / a.k.a. Jimmy
* Abha Ranjan as Mrs. Patekar, Velji's wife.
* Mushtaq Khan as Kaluba
* Mahesh Anand as Rajan, Jimmy's henchman.
* Makrand Deshpande as Mack
* Anang Desai as Doctor
* Master Kunal Kemmu as Kunal Verma, Amar & Shobha's son.
* Brownie Parasher as the Last man killed by Kaluba.
* Suhas Bhalekar
* Anant Jog
* Viplove Rai
* Vikas Anand
* G. P. Singh
* Gopal Poojari
* Kamal Malik
* Deepak Sinha
* Anjana
* Banjara

## Awards and nominations

| Award | Category | Recipients and Nominees | Results |
| 39th Filmfare Awards | Best Supporting Actor | Naseeruddin Shah | Nominated |
| 39th Filmfare Awards | Best Villain | Gulshan Grover | Nominated |
| 39th Filmfare Awards | Best Villain | Paresh Rawal | Won |
| 39th Filmfare Awards | Best Dialogue | Professor Jay Dixit | Won |
| 41st National Film Awards | Best Supporting Actor | Paresh Rawal | Won |

## Music

All music is composed by Anu Malik
# Sedrick Kalombo

Sedrick Mbuyamba Kalombo (born 8 February 1995) is an Italian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Eccellenza Marche club Fano. He is of DR Congolese descent.

## Club career

Kalombo made his Serie C debut for Lecce on 10 March 2013 in a game against Lumezzane.
On 31 January 2019, he joined Rimini on loan.
On 31 January 2020, he was loaned to Rieti.
On 3 October 2020, he joined Foggia on loan.