# Qua'an Pan

Qua'an Pan is a Local Government Area in Plateau State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Baap (or Ba'ap).
It has an area of 2,478 km$^2$ and a population of 196,929 at the 2006 census. It is the fifth largest Local Government in the state based on Population.
The postal code of the area is 934.

## History

Qua'an Pan Local Government was carved out of Shendam Local Government on 3 May 1989, by the Ibrahim Babangida regime. Qua'an Pan has two major tribes, the Pan and the Goemai.
The Pan people of Qua’an Pan are descended from Daffiar who migrated from parts unknown to present day Qua’an Pan. In the course of Daffiar’s migration, he eventually settled atop a hill in present day Koffiar. His offspring decided to continue the migration in search of arable lands on the plains below the hill. They settled in various areas including present day Doka and Kwa. In the course of the migration, one of the Daffier’s children got tired at a certain location and declared "Dum mak", which means, "the journey is enough" in the local dialect. This formed the basis of the name of present day Doemak. Daffiar also had a pair of twins who continued migrating and eventually settled in present day Namu. This is why Namu is known as Jep Jan, which means twins in the local dialect.
The Pan people were formerly known as the Kofyar, a name derived from the ancestor Daffiar. In the Pan language, kop refers to the place where one once lived, and da is simply a masculine prefix. Daffiar's home would originally have been called kop-fiar, or Kofyar. Their history, culture, and agriculture have been the subject of extensive research and writing by Robert Netting, Glenn Davis Stone, and M. Priscilla Stone.

## Climate

In Qua'an Pan Local Government Area, the year-round heat is accompanied by a partly cloudy dry season and an uncomfortable wet season. The average annual temperature fluctuates between 24°F and 66°F; it is seldom lower or higher than 35°F or 97°F.

## Geography

Qua'an Pan is located in the Southern region of Plateau state. The Local Government is bordered to the North by Bokkos, Mangu and Pankshin Local Governments. To the East by Shendam Local Government and to the West and South by Nasarawa State. The topography of the LGA is made up primarily of hills and rocks. The LGA's average humidity is reported to be 52%, while the average wind speed in the region is 11 km/h.

## Governance

Qua'an Pan has eight districts, namely: Bwall, Doemak, Dokan Kasuwa (Jagatnoeng), Kwa, Kwalla (Kwagallak), Kwande (Moekwo), Kwang and Namu (Jepjan). The LG headquarters is at Ba'ap. The LGA is under the Plateau South Senatorial District and Mikang/Qua'an Pan/Shendam Federal Constituency. At the state level, it is divided into Qua'an Pan North and Qua'an Pan South State Constituencies.

## Political structure

Qua'an Pan has 166 polling units, and 20 electoral wards consisting of 11 federal and 9 state wards. The electoral wards are: Doemak-Geochim, Doemak-Koplong, Dokan Kasuwa, Kwa, Kwang, Bwall, Kurgwi, Kwalla Moeda, Kwalla Yitla’ar, Kwagar, Latok, Lankaku/Kwari, Lardang, Luukwo, Njak-Shindai, Dokan Kasuwa West, Janta-Aningo, Kurgwi West and Namu.

## Leadership

The past chairpersons of Qua'an Pan Local Government are presented in the table below:
| Name | Years in Office |
| John Diyong | 1980-1983 |
| Silas Dachor | 1989-1990 |
| Daniel Daniang | 1990-1994 |
| Cyril Yilyap Longpuaan | 1994-1996 |
| Clement Wubang | 1996 |
| Yusuf Agyo | 1996-1997 |
| Sani Mohammed | 1998-1999 |
| Chindo Dafat | 1999-2002 |
| Linus Njin | 2002-2003 |
| Danjuma Daniel | 2004-2006 |
| Mohammed Idi Bello | 2006-2007 |
| Emmanuel Tuang | 2007-2008 |
| Theophilus Dakas Shan | 2009-2013 |
| Vou D. Dido | 2013-2014 |
| Theophilus Dakas Shan | 2014-2015 |
| Andrew Yenkwo | 2015-2017 |
| Joe Y. Homsuk | 2017 to 2018 |
| Isaac Kwallu | 2018 to 2020 |

## Traditional institutions

The tradition council of Qua'an Pan is chaired by the President of the Qua'an Pan Traditional Council. The President of the council is whoever holds the title of the Long Pan, who serves as paramount ruler of the Pan people. The Long Pan is a First Class chief and the chief custodian of the Pan culture. The Long Pan is selected from any of the district heads of the 8 Qua'an Pan Districts by voting between the district heads. The newly elected Long Pan is HRH Emmanuel Dabang, who was the district head of Dokan Kasuwa before his election. The other district heads are listed below:
| District | District Head |
| Bwall | Jerome Leklat II |
| Doemak | Cosmos Ndelong |
| Dokan Kasuwa (Jagatnoeng) | Emmanuel Dabang (Newly elected Long Pan) |
| Kwa | Ignatius Didel |
| Kwalla (Kwagallak) | John Danladi Dagan (Acting) |
| Kwande (Moekwo) | Danlami Mikat (Acting) |
| Kwang | Davek Naron |
| Namu (Jepjan) | Vacant since 2009 |

## Culture

There are two major tribes in Qua'an Pan which are the Pan (formerly the Kofyar) and the Goemai. Various dialects are spoken in the area which include Mernyang, Doemak, Bwall, Jagatnoeng, Kwagallak and Goemai. Other minor dialects include the Nteng, Garam and the Njak. Qua'an also celebrates numerous cultural days and festivals. These include: Pantong, Waptoer, Shikam, Doemak Day and Pan Cultural Day.

## Tourism

The Pandam Game Reserve is located in Namu, Qua'an Pan. The tourist attraction has a diverse collection of exotic animals and plants. There is also the famous Lardang cave located in Kwa. The Latok waterfalls in Doemak that slowly runs all year round. Natures beauty is also expressed in the form of the range of sloping hills bordering the northern part of Qua'an Pan.

## Occupation

The people of Qua'an Pan are predominantly farmers and also engage in other trades like, blacksmithing, metal works, hunting, trading and fishing.

## Economic activity

The main crops cultivated in commercial quantity include Yam, Cassava, Rice, Groundnuts, Guinea Corn, Beans, Palm Oil, Shea Butter, Groundnut, Bambarram nut and Olive Oil. Qua'an Pan has numerous large markets which operate on market days which vary between districts.
| District | Market Day |
| Bwall | Tuesday |
| Doemak | Saturday |
| Dokan Kasuwa (Jagatnoeng) | Tuesday |
| Kwa | Thursday |
| Kwalla (Kwagallak) | Tuesday |
| Kwande (Moekwo) | Thursday |
| Kwang | Wednesday |
| Namu (Jepjan) | Friday |
| Pandam | Monday |

## Localities

* Kurgwi