OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chasa (caste)

Chasa is a caste in India natively residing in the Indian state of Odisha. Chasas were traditionally cultivators but are now engaged in several professions. The Odia word chasa means farmer. They are third largest caste by population in Odisha.

## History

The Orh/Oda Chasas claim that they were the first tribe to settle in Odisha, and that they began to cultivate the land. They claim that Odisha is named after them.
They are classified as Shudra in the Hindu caste system. The association between Chasas and their occupation of manual labour (ploughing) was used to stigmatize the Chasas and distinguish them from the upper castes as late as the early 19th century. "Chasa" was considered to be a "generic derogatory term for cultivators", in contrast to the sabhya bhabya Gan "sophisticated people".
Around the turn of the 20th century, Chasas were small farmers and marginal raiyats.
In modern-day Odisha, the Chasas are among the dominant castes in most villages, and are landowners and economically powerful.

## Classification

Chasas are classified under the OBC category in Odisha, where Odapadhan, a subdivision of the Chasa caste, belong to the SEBC category. Risley notes that, since the caste system is not practiced as per the Varna model he was idolizing, it was possible for outsiders to become Chasas, and wealthy Chasas who took up the title Mohanty could marry into Karana families. Some wealthy Chasas began identifying as Khandayats. The Chasas are ranked into four subcastes: Benatya, Oda/Odra, Chukuliya, and Sukuliya. The Benatyas are the highest in rank, and the Chukuliyas are the lowest in rank.

## People

* Sarala Dasa, 15th century Odia poet
# Chaman Lal DAV Public School, Panchkula

CL DAV Public School was started by Mahatma Hans Raj in April, 1982. The School is named after Lala Chaman Lal who served as the Principal of A.S Higher Secondary School at Jalandhar for 40 Years. The Dictum of CL DAV Public School is "From darkness to light, from light to enlightenment".

## Courses

* Science – PCM, PCB
* Commerce – Accountancy, Business Studies, Economics
* Arts – Geography, Political Science, Economics

## Languages taught

* English
* Hindi
* Sanskrit (Class 5 to 10)

## Faculty

* Ms. Anjali Marriya, Principal
* Ms. Rosy Uppal, Coordinator Senior Wing
* Ms.Shailja Sharma, Coordinator Middle Wing
* Ms. Seema Gandhi, Controller of Examination
* Ms.Anju Ratra, Coordinator Junior Wing
# Limit Theory

Limit Theory is a cancelled real-time strategy video game developed by Josh Parnell under the Procedural Reality name. Parnell launched a Kickstarter campaign to crowdfund the development of the game in November 2012, with an intended release in early 2014. Although the campaign was successful, raising more than three times the required amount, the project eventually entered development hell. In September 2018, the title was officially cancelled. Since then, game's development has been used as an example of occupational burnout in indie video game development by some video game journalists.

## Gameplay

Limit Theory was meant to be a real-time strategy game with a heavy procedural generation element. The game is played from a first or third person perspective exploring outer space. Each planet was going to be procedurally generated, and with NPCs that could be traded with. There were plans to allow the player to engage in a variety of activities, like mining planets, being a pirate, or a bounty hunter. Once enough wealth was acquired, the player could buy ships and hire pilots to expand their empire. The game's focus on freedom was inspired by The Elder Scrolls III: Morrowind.

## Development

Josh Parnell, the developer of Limit Theory, launched a Kickstarter campaign on November 20, 2012, to help crowdfund the costs of producing the game. The initial funding goal for the campaign was set at $50,000, which was reached in a week. Goals for OS X and Linux ports were also reached. The Kickstarter campaign officially ended with a total of $187,865. On April 28, 2013, a playable prototype was released to backers, which was praised by Rock Paper Shotgun's Jim Rossignol, especially because it was the work of one man. Parnell posted updates on the Kickstarter page in a regular basis until February 2015. Two months later, in April, he confirmed to Rock Paper Shotgun that he was still working on the game.
Four months later, in September, Parnell posted a new update detailing, among other things, his struggles with his mental health while developing the game alone in a cabin in the mountains of Tennessee. The updates resumed their regularity, but on September 28, 2018, Josh Parnell announced the cancellation of the title, and a promise to release the source code to the public. The promise was eventually fulfilled on July 24, 2022. The license chosen was the Unlicense. In addition, the 2013 prototype (only as a binary) was also uploaded to GitHub.
# Serge Cantin

Serge Cantin (born 7 August 1945) is a Canadian bobsledder. He competed in the two man and the four man events at the 1980 Winter Olympics.
# Colin Nelson (bobsleigh)

Colin Nelson (born 17 November 1942) is a Canadian bobsledder. He competed in the two man and the four man events at the 1976 Winter Olympics. He also competed in the men's singles luge at the 1968 Winter Olympics.
# Thomas Stehr

Thomas Stehr (born 15 May 1952) is a Canadian bobsledder. He competed in the four man event at the 1976 Winter Olympics.
# Pia Wedege

Pia Wedege (born 16 May 1971) is a Norwegian luger. She was born in Oslo, and represented the club Lillehammer Bob- og Akeklubb. She competed at the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer, where she placed 13th in singles.
# Charles S. and Mary McGill House

Charles S. and Mary McGill House is a historic home located at Valparaiso, Porter County, Indiana. It was built in 1926, and is a two-story, Z-shaped Tudor Revival style brick dwelling. It has a steeply pitched cross-hipped roof and features stuccoed areas with half-timbering and massive chimneys.$^{:2}$
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.
# Miyo Ichikawa

Miyo Ichikawa (市川 美余, Ichikawa Miyo, born June 28, 1989 in Karuizawa) is a Japanese female curler.
At the international level, she is a 2012 Pacific-Asia silver medallist.
At the national level, she is a three-time Japan women's champion curler (2011, 2012, 2014).

## Teams

| Season | Skip | Third | Second | Lead | Alternate | Coach | Events |
| 2009–10 | Satsuki Fujisawa | Miyuki Satoh | Miyo Ichikawa | Emi Shimizu | | | |
| 2010–11 | Satsuki Fujisawa | Miyo Ichikawa | Emi Shimizu | Miyuki Satoh | | | |
| 2011–12 | Satsuki Fujisawa | Miyo Ichikawa | Emi Shimizu | Miyuki Satoh | Chiaki Matsumura | Hatomi Nagaoka, Hiroaki Wada | PACC 2011 (4th) |
| 2012–13 | Satsuki Fujisawa | Miyo Ichikawa | Emi Shimizu | Chiaki Matsumura | Miyuki Satoh | Hatomi Nagaoka | PACC 2012 WCC 2013 (7th) |
| 2013–14 | Satsuki Fujisawa | Miyo Ichikawa | Chiaki Matsumura | Emi Shimizu | Miyuki Satoh (JWCC) | | Cont.Cup 2014 JWCC 2014 |
# Home Recordings: Americana

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Home Recordings: Americana is an album by American singer-songwriter Jim Croce, released in 2003. This album is a compilation of unreleased tracks and demos. This compilation was the first new material of Jim Croce's work released since 1973. The album also contains liner notes written by Croce's son A.J. Croce and his wife Ingrid Croce. The material was recorded in 1967 at his Pennsylvania kitchen table on an old Wollensak reel-to-reel tape recorder.

## Background

A.J. Croce, who co-produced the album, told Billboard: "It was a very emotional experience for me. I really got to know a piece of my father that I'd never known. I'm influenced by old American music, of course, and by British pop music and rock'n'roll. I felt he was influenced by troubadours like Woody Guthrie and knew of his influences from the '20s and '30s—but never really heard them in his music. But he made a lot of home tapes of things he loved, and when I listened to them, I heard him play songs I had played when I was that age. He was discovering what he was about in these tapes. You can hear all these classic folk songs or jazz or blues or drinking songs, as well as early pieces of songs like 'Time in a Bottle' that were coming out of them. And at first he played his own songs timidly, whereas just a year or two later he had enormous confidence in playing his own material."

## Personnel

* Jim Croce – guitar, vocals
# 1615 Arica earthquake

The 1615 Arica earthquake was a major earthquake centered near Arica in the Spanish colonial Viceroyalty of Peru, within the present day Arica y Parinacota Region of northwestern Chile.
The earthquake caused considerable damage to the infrastructure of the city with the Iglesia Mayor. The city's fort collapsed, and cracks opened in the floor of the royal quicksilver storage facility. No human was reported dead but three people suffered injuries.
# Condition (SQL)

A relational database management system uses SQL conditions or expressions in WHERE clauses and in HAVING clauses to SELECT subsets of data.

## Types of condition

* Many conditions compare values for (for example) equality, inequality or similarity.
* The EXISTS condition uses the SQL standard keyword EXISTS to determine whether rows exist in a subquery result.

## Examples

To SELECT one row of data from a table called tab with a primary key column (pk) set to 100 — use the condition pk = 100:
To identify whether a table tab has rows of data with a duplicated column dk — use the condition having count(*) > 1:

## Advanced conditional logic in SQL

In addition to basic equality and inequality conditions, SQL allows for more complex conditional logic through constructs such as CASE, COALESCE, and NULLIF. The CASE expression, for example, enables SQL to perform conditional branching within queries, providing a mechanism to return different values based on evaluated conditions. This logic can be particularly useful for data transformation during retrieval, especially in SELECT statements. Meanwhile, COALESCE simplifies the process of handling NULL values by returning the first non-NULL value in a given list of expressions, which is especially useful in scenarios where data might be incomplete or missing. Furthermore, SQL's support for three-valued logic (True, False, Unknown) introduces nuances when handling NULL values in conditions, making it essential to carefully structure queries to account for the "Unknown" state that arises in certain comparisons with NULL values. Proper use of these advanced conditions enhances the flexibility and robustness of SQL queries, particularly in complex data retrieval and reporting environments.
# Any Old Time (You're Lonely and Sad)

"Any Old Time (You're Lonely and Sad)" was the third single by the Foundations. It reached number 48 on the UK Singles Chart. It was the last single they released with Clem Curtis as their lead singer. Their next single with lead singer Colin Young would give them a bigger hit with "Build Me Up Buttercup".
The B side "We Are Happy People", which was composed by Foundations trombone player Eric Allandale, was a top 10 hit in Scandinavia for Swedish group Slam Creepers’.
The Foundations would re-record the song in stereo and with Colin Young on vocals instead of Clem Curtis. This appeared on their 1968 LP released on Marble Arch MALS 1157. Clem Curtis and Alan Warner re-recorded the song in the 1980s as Clem Curtis and the Foundations.

## Charts

| Chart (1968) | Peak position |
| Argentina (Escalera a la Fama) | 7 |
# Gidget (disambiguation)

Gidget is a fictional character created by Frederick Kohner in his 1957 novel Gidget, the Little Girl with Big Ideas.
Gidget may also refer to:

## Music

* Gidget (EP), a 1993 EP by Good Riddance
* "Gidget" (song), a 1959 song by James Darren

## Films and TV

* Gidget (film), a 1959 film adaptation starring Sandra Dee
* Gidget (TV series), a 1960s sitcom adaptation starring Sally Field
* The New Gidget, a 1980s sitcom adaptation starring Caryn Richman

## People

* Gidget, a female professional wrestler from All-Star Wrestling
* Kathy Kohner-Zuckerman (born 1941; nicknamed "Gidget") Kohner's daughter and the inspiration for the fictional character

## Fictional characters

* Gidget the Super Robot, a character from the Nick Jr. Channel cartoon Wow! Wow! Wubbzy!
* Gidget, a white Pomeranian character in the animated feature The Secret Life of Pets.

## Other

* Gidget (1994–2009), a dog who portrayed the Taco Bell chihuahua in 1990s TV commercials
* Gidget, a simplified interface to linux inotify, written in C.
# Changsha West railway station

Changsha West railway station is a railway station in Wangcheng District, Changsha, Hunan, China. The station is currently undergoing expansion, and is expected to reopen in 2025. As of September 2022, trains on Changsha–Zhuzhou–Xiangtan intercity railway and Changde–Yiyang–Changsha high-speed railway pass through this station to through service to each other, without stopping here.

## History

Changsha West railway station opened as the terminus of the western extension of the Changsha–Zhuzhou–Xiangtan intercity railway on 26 December 2017. From 8 May 2020, the station has been closed for refurbishment, and construction officially started on 25 August 2021.
The nearby Changsha West EMU depot, a depot on the Changyichang high-speed railway, opened on 26 December 2022.

## Metro connections

A planned extension of Changsha Metro Line 2 will serve this station. Three additional planned lines are expected to serve the station.
# Glen Walker

Glen Joe Walker (born January 16, 1952) is an American former professional football punter who played two seasons with the Los Angeles Rams of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Los Angeles Harbor College and the University of Southern California. He also played for the Los Angeles Express of the United States Football League (USFL).

## Early life and college

Glen Joe Walker was born on January 16, 1952, in Torrance, California. He attended Gardena High School in Los Angeles, California and earned All-L.A. City Section honors his senior year in 1969.
He was a placekicker and punter at Los Angeles Harbor College in 1970. He then served three years in the United States Army before returning to Los Angeles Harbor College in 1974, resuming his role as both placekicker and punter. He was inducted into the school's Athletic Hall of Fame in 2009.
Walker then transferred to play for the USC Trojans, and was a two-year letterman from 1975 to 1976. In 1976, he converted 10 of 19 field goals, 41 of 48 extra points, and punted 57 times for 2,138 yards.

## Professional career

Walker signed with the Los Angeles Rams after going undrafted in the 1977 NFL draft. He played in all 14 games for the Rams in 1977, punting 73 times for 2,568 yards, and completing one pass for 13 yards. He also punted five times in one playoff game that season. Walker was released on August 29, 1978, but was re-signed two days later. He appeared in all 16 games during the 1978 season, recording 83 punts for 3,069 yards. He also totaled eight punts in two playoff games that year. He was released by the Rams on August 20, 1979.
Walker was signed by the Denver Broncos on June 19, 1981, but was later released.
He played in two games for the Los Angeles Express of the United States Football League in 1983, punting nine times for 279 yards.
# Dismus Onyiego

Dismus Onyiego (born 19 November 1945) is a Kenyan former sports shooter. He competed at the 1968 Summer Olympics and the 1972 Summer Olympics.
Onyiego was the first native Kenyan shooter at the Olympics. Prior to his Olympic debut, he competed at a tournament at Bisley and finished second. After his career, Onyiego was a police officer, serving as the acting Nairobi Provincial Police Officer as of 1998.
# Tadashi Horikoshi

Tadashi Horikoshi (堀越 信司, Horikoshi Tadashi, born 19 July 1988) is a Japanese Paralympic athlete. He won the bronze medal in the men's marathon T12 event at the 2020 Summer Paralympics held in Tokyo, Japan. He also competed at the Summer Paralympics in 2008, 2012 and 2016.
He won bronze medals at both the 2017 and 2019 World Para Athletics Marathon Championships in London. Domestically, he represents the NTT West Japan track and field team.
# Yuichiro Ueno

Yuichiro Ueno (上野 裕一郎, Ueno Yuichirō, born 29 July 1985 in Saku, Nagano) is a Japanese professional long-distance runner who specializes in the 1500 and 5000 metres events.
Ueno began his international career at the IAAF World Cross Country Championships, where he ran in the junior race in 2004, then in the senior short race for the two years following that. He represented Japan in the International Chiba Ekiden in 2007, starting off the race with the second fastest leg, behind Moses Ndiema Masai. Japan won the competition.
Ueno won in the 1500 m and 5000 m at the 2009 Japan Championships in Athletics, beating his teammate Kensuke Takezawa in the latter race. He finished 16th in his heat in the 5000 m at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics, and won bronze medals in the 1500 m and 5000 m at the East Asian Games later that year.
Ueno competed for Nagano in the 2011 Inter-Prefectural Men's Ekiden and ran in the final 13 km leg, improving the prefecture to second place in the final rankings behind Tochigi. Later that year he ran the opening leg of the International Chiba Ekiden and the Japanese team finished as runner-up behind Kenya.
He is managed by Toshihiko Seko of S&B Foods.

## Personal bests

* 1500 metres - 3:40.83 min (2010)
* 3000 metres - 7:57.70 min (2006)
* 5000 metres - 13:21.49 min (2007)
* 10,000 metres - 28:27.39 min (2003)
# Seiichi Kaneta

Seiichi Kaneta (金田 誠一, Kaneta Seiichi, September 28, 1947 – March 10, 2023) was a Japanese politician of the Democratic Party of Japan, who served as a member of the House of Representatives in the Diet (national legislature).

## Early life

Kaneta was a native of Kamiiso District, Hokkaidō and a high school graduate. He joined the city government of Hakodate, Hokkaidō in 1966.

## Political career

After having served in the city assembly of Hakodate for four terms from 1979, he was elected to the House of Representatives for the first time in 1993 as an independent with an endorsement from the Japan Socialist Party.
# Umjindi Local Municipality

Umjindi was a local municipality of the Ehlanzeni District in Mpumalanga, South Africa. Barberton was the seat of the municipality. The municipality had a population of 53,744 according to the 2001 census.

## Main places

The 2001 census divided the municipality into the following main places:
| Place | Code | Area (km$^2$) | Population | Most spoken language |
| Barberton | 81601 | 10.58 | 9,078 | Swazi |
| Bonanza Gold Mine | 81602 | 5.99 | 1,340 | Swazi |
| eMjindini | 81603 | 7.91 | 23,839 | Swazi |
| Fairview Mine | 81604 | 7.52 | 199 | Afrikaans |
| Sheba Mine | 81605 | 8.45 | 449 | Swazi |
| Verulum | 81607 | 0.86 | 1,124 | Swazi |
| Remainder of the municipality | 81606 | 1,699.91 | 17,721 | Swazi |

## Politics

The municipal council consists of eighteen members elected by mixed-member proportional representation. Nine councillors are elected by first-past-the-post voting in nine wards, while the remaining nine are chosen from party lists so that the total number of party representatives is proportional to the number of votes received. In the election of 18 May 2011 the African National Congress (ANC) won a majority of fifteen seats on the council. The following table shows the results of the election.
| Party | Party | Votes | Votes | Votes | Votes | Seats | Seats | Seats |
| Party | Party | Ward | List | Total | % | Ward | List | Total |
| | ANC | 13,704 | 13,804 | 27,508 | 83.1 | 8 | 7 | 15 |
| | DA | 2,490 | 2,444 | 4,934 | 14.9 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| | PAC | 281 | 207 | 488 | 1.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| | COPE | 58 | 96 | 154 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 16,533 | 16,551 | 33,084 | 100.0 | 9 | 9 | 18 |
| Spoilt votes | Spoilt votes | 185 | 151 | 336 |
This municipality was dissolved on 3 August 2016 and annexed by the Mbombela Local Municipality.
# Frederick Tweedie

Frederick Morrison Tweedie (October 20, 1877 – June 5, 1943) was an industrialist and political figure in New Brunswick, Canada. He represented Northumberland County in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1931 to 1943 as a Liberal member.
He was born in Chatham, New Brunswick, the son of Lemuel John Tweedie and Agnes Loudoun. In 1908, he married Frances Agnes Watt. Tweedie was president and manager of the Miramichi Foundry Machine Works. He served two years as mayor of Chatham.
In 1925, he was an unsuccessful candidate in the New Brunswick general election. That year he was also a candidate in the Northumberland riding in the 1925 federal election, losing to the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada candidate, Charles Elijah Fish.
He died in 1943.
# 2006 United States House of Representatives election in Wyoming

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The 2006 United States House of Representatives election in Wyoming was held on November 7, 2006, to determine who would represent the state of Wyoming in the United States House of Representatives. Wyoming has one, at-large district in the House, apportioned according to the 2000 United States census, due to its low population. Representatives are elected for two-year terms.

## Major candidates
### Democratic

* Gary Trauner, businessman

### Republican

* Barbara Cubin, incumbent U.S. congresswoman

## General election
### Debates

* Complete video of debate, October 15, 2006

### Results

Wyoming's at-large congressional district election, 2006 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Barbara Cubin (incumbent) | 93,336 | 48.33 |
| | Democratic | Gary Trauner | 92,324 | 47.80 |
| | Libertarian | Thomas R. Rankin | 7,481 | 3.87 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 193,141 | 100.00 |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |

#### Counties that flipped from Republican to Democratic

* Fremont (largest city: Riverton)
* Natrona (largest city: Casper)
* Carbon (largest city: Rawlins)
* Sweetwater (largest city: Rock Springs)