OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Daugavpils fortress

Daugavpils Fortress, also known as Dinaburg Fortress or Dvinsk Fortress, is an early 19th century fortress in Daugavpils, Latvia. It is the only early 19th century military fortification of its kind in Northern Europe that has been preserved without significant alterations. The construction of the fortress began in 1810 by decree of Tsar Alexander I of Russia, in the atmosphere of increased tension before Napoleon's invasion of the Russian Empire in 1812. Construction of the fortress, due to Napoleon's invasion, lengthy delays, serious floodings and slow construction work, was fully completed only in 1878.
The Mark Rothko Art centre is located in the former Artillery arsenal.

## History

About 10,000 workers built the fortress in two shifts. In 1812, the fortress was attacked by a detachment of the French Army of 24,000 men. The fortress was still under construction and was defended by 3300 men with 200 cannons. The fortress was a significant modern military centre of the Russian Empire, for a long time being a defense base of the western frontier of the Russian Empire. The direct route taken by Russian nobles and Royalty from St. Petersburg (then capital of the Russian Empire) to Europe led right through the city of Daugavpils (then named Dinaburg), and Daugavpils Fortress was the place of rest for many nobles including tsars Alexander I, Nicolas I, Alexander II, Alexander III and Russia's last tsar Nicolas II.
Latvian independence was officially recognised by Soviet Russia in 1920, and between 1920 and 1940 the fortress became home of the Latvian army. During World War II, the camp for Soviet prisoners of war Stalag 340 was set up by German army in the fortress. The fortress' Baroque Jesuit church constructed from 1737 to 1746 was destroyed during the War.
In 1948–1993, the fortress was home to the Daugavpils Higher School of Military Aircraft Engineering (DVVAIU). In 1998 the fortress came under the authority of the State Real Estate Agency of Latvia. In 2004 the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia decided to sell the fortress either in parts or as one whole. The fortress's future remains uncertain.

## Former Jesuit Church

The Daugavpils Jesuit Church was built in the 1670s on the site of the today's fortress. The first, small wooden (or wood and masonry) church was replaced ca. 1730-1746 by the large, Baroque masonry church. In the 19th century it was turned into Orthodox church and in the interwar period it served as a Lutheran garrison church. In 1944 it was destroyed and the ruins were completely demolished in the 1950s.

## Gallery

* Nicholas Gate
* Pump House
* The courtyard of the Engineering arsenal
* The exterior facade of the Engineering Arsenal from the side of Imperatora Street
* The interior of the Engineering Arsenal after the restoration
* The main facade of the Gunpowder warehouse
* The interior of the Gunowder warehouse
* Commandant's House
* Artillery arsenal
* Officer's House
* Former Jesuit Church
# Lucie Povová

Lucie Povová (born September 16, 1992) is a Czech ice hockey player who won a gold medal with the Czech Republic at the 2011 IIHF Division II Worlds. She was part of the Czech team that competed at the 2013 IIHF Women's World Championship in Ottawa.

## Playing career

Povová participated in ice hockey for four years at Wyoming Seminary in Pennsylvania. In addition, she was a goaltender on the Wyoming Seminary soccer team for four years, including two as captain. She is also part of her Czech National Team since the age of 15.

### Czech Republic

On January 8, 2008, Povová scored in an 11-2 loss to Canada at the 2008 IIHF World Women's U18 Championship. Povová was member of the Czech women's national team that won the gold medal at the 2011 IIHF Division II World Championships in Caen, France. She was fourth in scoring with two goals and three assists. Two of her teammates on the Czech Republic gold medal winning team also attended Wyoming Seminary in Pennsylvania. Alena Polenska and Nikola Tomigova, were both former graduates of the school. All three Wyoming Seminary graduates played on the same line, and were called the American line.
Povová competed with the Czech Republic at the 2013 IIHF Women's World Championship. It had marked the first time that the Czech Republic competed at the Women's Worlds.

### NCAA

Povová played NCAA hockey with the Northeastern Huskies women's ice hockey, scoring 7 goals and 12 assists in 33 games during her first season in 2011–12. She amassed 98 matches over four seasons, finishing in 2015.

## Awards and honors

* 2010 IIHF Under 18 Women's Worlds Player of the Game (Czech Republic vs. USA)

## Career stats
### Czech Republic

| Year | Event | GP | G | A | Pts | Pim |
| 2008 | IIHF Under 18 WWC | 5 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 10 |

## Awards and honors

* Hockey East Co-Rookie of the Week (Week of October 24, 2011)
* 2013 Ball Hockey World Championship All-Star Team

## Personal

In the summer, Povová teaches hockey at the Czech International Hockey School.
# Multana Singh

Kunwar Multana Singh Bahadur, sometimes styled as Shahzada (1819 - 1846) was the son of Ranjit Singh, Maharaja of Sikh Empire and Rani Ratan Kaur.
Maharaja Ranjit Singh named him after his conquest of Multan. He married Bakhtawar Kaur and had three sons: Kishan Singh, Keshra Singh, Arjan Singh. Sardar Arjan Singh served as a munsif in Punjab for many years. Multana Singh died in 1846.

## Note

* ↑ Atwal, Priya (2020). Royals and Rebels The Rise and Fall of the Sikh Empire. C. Hurst (Publishers) Limited.
* ↑ Atwal, Priya (2020). Royals and Rebels The Rise and Fall of the Sikh Empire. C. Hurst (Publishers) Limited.
* ↑ "Postscript: Maharaja Duleep Singh", Emperor of the Five Rivers, I.B.Tauris, 2017, doi:10.5040/9781350986220.0008, ISBN 978-1-78673-095-4, retrieved 25 September 2021
* This Sikhism-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Jack Doscher

John Henry Doscher, Jr. (July 27, 1880 – May 27, 1971) was an American left-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball from 1903 to 1908. Born in Troy, New York, he played for the Cincinnati Reds, Brooklyn Superbas, and Chicago Cubs. His father Herm Doscher had also been a major league player, as well as an umpire. Doscher is the first son of a former Major League player to play in the Major Leagues. Jack Doscher died in Park Ridge, New Jersey at age 90. His name is pronounced like dusher.
# Cornish Orchards

Cornish Orchards is a cider and juice company based at Duloe, Cornwall.

## History

The company was started by Andy Atkinson in 1999 at Westnorth Manor Farm, owned by the Duchy Of Cornwall. The farm has 15 acres of its own apples, mainly heritage varieties but also buys in apples from local orchards
In 2013, the company was sold in a multimillion-pound deal to London brewing and pubs group Fuller, Smith and Turner. Fuller's was acquired by Asahi Breweries in 2019 for £250m, although both Fuller's and Cornish Orchards continue to trade under their own names.

## Awards

The company has won several awards for its cider, including a gold in the Campaign for Real Ale's national cider and perry championships at Reading in 2012.
# Maryan Mysyk

Maryan Olehovych Mysyk (Ukrainian: Мар'ян Олегович Мисик; born 2 October 1996) is a Ukrainian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Inhulets Petrove.

## Career

Mysyk is a product of the youth team system of FC Lviv. He signed a contract with FC Metalurh Donetsk in 2013.
He made his debut for FC Metalurh Donetsk in the game against FC Volyn Lutsk on 29 May 2015 in the Ukrainian Premier League. The media reported the interest of Borussia Dortmund and Tottenham Hotspur FC to Maryan Mysyk.
# Ibrahim Awal

Ibrahim Awal (born 20 July 1990) is a Qatari footballer who played as a striker for Al-Khor SC.
# Nahum Gutman Museum of Art

The Nahum Gutman Museum of Art is an art museum located in Neve Tzedek, Tel Aviv, Israel.
The Museum resides in the historical Writers' Home, which was built in 1887 and was one of the first buildings in the Neve Tzedek neighborhood. Between 1907 and 1914 the building served as HaPoel HaTzair Newspaper's hub.
The building's name arose as the place was home to several authors, including Devorah Baron, Yosef Aharonovich, Asher Beresh, Yehuda Burla, and more. During World War I the building stopped serving the purpose of housing authors, and became an ordinary residence until it was abandoned in the 1960s.
In 1992, after the inclusion of the building in the Tel Aviv Building Preservation Program, the building underwent renovation by the architect Roni Zaibert. The museum was opened in May 1998, and the artwork was donated by Nahum Gutman's family, who had wanted to perpetuate his works.
Many items from Nahum Gutman's studio were also donated, and the studio was recreated in one of the museum's rooms. The museum's first director was the curator Yoav Dagon, and today the head curator is Tali Tamir and the museum's director Roni Disenchik.
In September 2009 a new art exhibition division was opened, named after Mori and Ireen Pargament, as well as an events hall for up to 70 people and a new gift store. The exhibitions at the museum bring together Nahum Gutman's works with other artists working in the field of contemporary art, and create dialogues between different eras and different perspectives.
In 2013, board member and lawyer Yitzhak Shviger resigned, claiming that the foundation had become "a stage for Palestinian propaganda".
# Sundarji Betai

Sundarji Gokaldas Betai (10 August 1905 – 16 January 1989) was Gujarati poet, critic and translator from India. Educated for a Masters in Gujarati, he taught Gujarati at SNDT Women's College for years. He was a prolific poet who had published nine poetry collections.

## Biography

Betai was born on 10 August 1905 in Bet Dwarka. He completed BA in English and Gujarati from University of Bombay in 1928, LLB in 1932 and MA in Gujarati and Sanskrit in 1936.
He served as a subeditor in Hindustan and Prajamitra publications for about four or five years. Later he served as a principal in a college in Bombay (now Mumbai) and later joined SNDT Women's College where he served as a professor of Gujarati until his retirement. He was a member of the Indian PEN. He died on 16 January 1989 in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

## Works

Betai was a prolific poet and wrote poetry for more than fifty years. He was heavily influenced by his teacher Narsinhrao Divetia's poetry as well as Sanskrit metres which is visible in his generally serious style and gentle tones in khandakavyas (epic poems) and elegies. Though he has not participated in the Indian independence movement, he was influenced by the Gandhian philosophy and the popularity of sonnets then. Dwaipayan and Mitravarunau were his pseudonyms.
Jyotirekha (1934) is a collection of five epic poems based on Puranic, mythological and historical events. Later four more epic poems were added to it. Indradhanu (1939) has 111 poems divided in five sections. Visheshanjali (1952) has some poems influenced by the metres of folk songs while many poems have a sea as the metaphor. Sadgat Chandrasheelane (1959) is a long elegy divided in nine sections written in memory of his late wife in which he recounts his 36-year long married life. Tulsidal (1961) has 54 poems including Sadgat Chandrasheelane as well as a poetic translation of Dhammapada and a popular song "Panje Vatanji Galyu". Vyanjana (1969) and Anuvyanjana (1974) have spiritual and philosophical poems. Shishire Vasant (1976) has 34 poems and 21 verses while Shravani Jharmar (1982) has 72 poems.
He has also written some works of criticism. Suvarnamegh (1964) includes criticism of poetry of Nhanalal, Balwantray Thakore and Jhaverchand Meghani as well as previously published Gujarati Sahityama Sonnet (Sonnets in Gujarati Literature, 1935). Aamod (1978) is a critical study of Gujarati and Sanskrit poets and their poems. Narsinhrao (1980) is a concise monograph of Narsinhrao Divetia.
He has translated William Moreton Condry's Thoreau, a biography of Henry David Thoreau, as Mahamanav Thoreau in Gujarati. He has also translated Thoreau's Walden in Gujarati. He has also translated last four cantos of Mahabharata and verse rendering of Bhagvad Gita as Romharshini. Sahityamadhuri, Sahityodyan and Sahityasushma are his edited educational works.

## Awards

He was awarded the Narmad Suvarna Chandrak in 1958 for Tulsidal.
# Gordon Davidson (director)

Gordon Davidson (May 7, 1933 – October 2, 2016) was an American stage and film director and the founding artistic director of Center Theatre Group in Los Angeles.

## Early life

Gordon Davidson was born on May 7, 1933, in Brooklyn, New York. He graduated from Cornell University in 1956, studying electrical engineering, and received a master's in theater from Case Western Reserve University in 1957.
He described his Jewish faith and heritage: “My paternal grandfather, born in a small town near Kyiv, was Orthodox; my father was Conservative; and I’m Reform.”

## Career

Moving to Los Angeles in 1963 to serve as Director of the Theatre Group based at UCLA, Gordon Davidson was selected in 1967 to be Artistic Director of the then new Mark Taper Forum and staged as the inaugural show The Devils followed by In the Matter of J. Robert Oppenheimer.
Davidson directed over 40 plays including The Trial of the Catonsville Nine and Murderous Angels in 1971, Children of a Lesser God in 1982 and Stuff Happens in 2005. He also directed the film version The Trial of the Catonsville Nine in 1972 and a TV film called The Trial of Lee Harvey Oswald in 1977. According to his Los Angeles Times Obituary, Davidson produced over 300 plays for Center Theatre Group.
In 1977, Gordon Davidson earned Best Director Tony Award for his staging on Broadway of The Shadow Box, which he first staged at Mark Taper Forum in Los Angeles. The Taper won the Tony that year for Outstanding Regional Theater.
In 2003, he made a brief cameo appearance as himself, directing a play starring James Earl Jones and Jack McFarland, in an episode of Will & Grace.
Until 2005, he worked as artistic director for the Center Theatre Group in Los Angeles. He is fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

## Philanthropy

Together with dancer and producer Felisa Vanoff (1925–2014), he established the Salon at the Taper, an annual charity dinner in honor of a lyricist. Each year, the event was hosted by Michael Feinstein and took place in Los Angeles, California. The proceeds went to Nick's Tix, a non-profit organization selling low-cost tickets to students, seniors and the disabled for all performances at the Los Angeles Music Center.

## Personal life and death

He was married to Judi Davidson. Their son is the director Adam Davidson. He died on October 2, 2016. He is interred at Hillside Memorial Park in Culver City, Ca.
# Eskaton Sabuj Sangha Club

Eskaton Sabuj Sangha Club (Bengali: ইস্কাটন সবুজ সংঘ ক্লাব) is an association football club based in the Eskaton area of Dhaka, Bangladesh. The club currently competes in the Pioneer Football League, the sixth-tier of Bangladeshi football.

## History

Eskaton Sabuj Sangha Club was founded in 1972 in the Old Eskaton area of Dhaka. The club entered domestic football in 1988, under coach Akbar Bablu. The club earned successive promotions between 1988 and 1990, winning the Dhaka Third Division League in the 1988–89 season and the Dhaka Second Division League in the 1989–90 season. Following their promotion to the First Division, they earned a notable victory over Brothers Union in their first top-tier league game in 1992. They finished sixteenth in the twenty club league in their first top-tier season.
Before the 1993 league season set about, the Bangladesh Football Federation introduced a Premier Division Football League in Dhaka, however, the bottom 10 clubs from the previous top-tier league season remained in the Dhaka First Division League, thus, Eskaton's journey as a top-tier club was cut short. Within a few years, the club was left languishing in the country's lower divisions while also running a junior team in the Pioneer Football League. The club was inactive for a few years, after comepeting in the then fourth-tier, the Dhaka Third Division League in 2003.
In 2019, the club participated in the Pioneer Football League, now the country's sixth-tier. In 2020, they missed out on promotion, after being knocked out of the quarter-finals of the by Elias Ahmed CS. In recent times, Eskaton has been found running illegal casinos in its clubhouse and were one of the numerous sports clubs to have been ivaded by the police during the Bangladesh Casino Scandal in 2019.

## Honours

* Dhaka Second Division League
** Champions (1): 1989–90
* Dhaka Third Division League
** Champions (1): 1988–89
# Brodarevo

Brodarevo (Serbian Cyrillic: Бродарево) is a village located in the municipality of Prijepolje, southwestern Serbia. According to the 2011 census, the village has a population of 1,845 inhabitants. A border crossing between Serbia and Montenegro is located in the village. The village has 4 schools in the area. Svetozar Marković, Nova Škola , Osnovna Škola & Predškolska Ustanova.
# Leptolebias splendens

Leptolebias splendens, also known as the splendid pearlfish or annual tropical killifish, is a species of killifish in the family Rivulidae endemic to Brazil, in the vicinity of Rio de Janeiro. This species was described as Cynolebias splendens in 1942 by George S. Myers with the type locality given as water holes or ponds along the foot of the Serra de Petropolis in Rio de Janeiro State. Deforestation and urbanisation led to the species disappearance from the area of its type locality and it was thought to be extinct but it was rediscovered 5 kilometres (3.1 miles) from the type locality some 70 years after the last known previous record.
# Ibrahim ibn al-Walid

Ibrahim ibn al-Walid ibn Abd al-Malik (Arabic: ابراهيم ابن الوليد بن عبد الملك, romanized: Ibrāhīm ibn al-Walīd ibn ʿAbd al-Malik; died 25 January 750) was an Umayyad caliph, and a son of Caliph al-Walid I (r. 743–744). He ruled from 4 October 744 to 4 December 744. He was the penultimate Caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate.

## Background

Ibrahim was a son of the Umayyad caliph al-Walid I (r. 705–715). His mother was a slave concubine named Su'ar or Budayra.

## Reign

Yazid III named his brother Ibrahim as his successor. Yazid fell ill of a brain tumour and died on October 3 or 4, 744. Ibrahim duly succeeded him. Ibrahim ruled for two months in 744 before he abdicated, and went into hiding out of fear of his political opponents. The shortness of this time and his incomplete acceptance led Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari to state that he did not succeed in becoming caliph (v. 26, p. 247). However, al-Tabari (p. 13) does record that Ibrahim as caliph did confirm the appointment of Abdallah ibn Umar as governor of Iraq (v. 27, p. 13).

## Abdication

Ibrahim was named heir apparent by his brother Yazid III. Marwan II decided to oppose Yazid III, and even though he later gave allegiance to Yazid, on the early death of that caliph, Marwan continued his own ambitions. Ibrahim requested and was granted Marwan's assurance of personal safety. He travelled with Marwan to former Caliph Hisham's residence at Rusafah in Syria. Like most members of the Umayyad family, Ibrahim was executed by the Abbasids in 750.
# Abd al-Qays

The Abd al-Qays (Arabic: عبد القيس) is an ancient Arabian tribe from the Rabi'a branch of the North Arabian tribes. The tribe is from Eastern Arabia. The majority of the Baharna are from the Abd al-Qays tribe, with a significant minority from the cousin tribes of Bakr and Taghlib Ibn Wai’l tribes, which are today known as the Anizah tribe. The majority of the tribe resides today in The Gulf cooperation Council countries, which are Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, Oman and the UAE.

## History
### Origins

The name of the tribe means 'servant of the [god] Qays'. It belonged to the tribal groups originally resident in the area of al-Arid in South Arabia who migrated northwestward to an area extending north to Sudayr and south to al-Kharj. Later, in the Arab genealogical tradition, these tribes were called the Rabi'a, a branch of the northern Arab Ma'add confederation.

### Campaigns of Shapur II

In pre-Islamic times, the Abd al-Qays frequently raided Iran. The Sasanian king Shapur II (r. 309–379) led an expedition against the Arabian tribes, during which he massacred most of the Abd al-Qays. Later, several Abd al-Qays tribesmen were relocated by Shapur to the Iranian province of Kirman.

### Migrations into eastern Arabia

By the 5th century, the Abd al-Qays had shifted to nomadism, dwelling outside of the Tuwaiq escarpment in the southern Najd (central Arabia). In the 6th century, the tribe migrated northeastward the oases of al-Ahsa, Tarout Island and Qatif in eastern Arabia.

### Islamic period

During the Arab conquest of Iran, considerable numbers of Abd al-Qays tribesmen entered southeastern, launching extensive raids in the region. Several groupings of Abd al-Qays settled near Tavvaz in the Iranian coastal mountains and Basra in lower Mesopotamia. In the early 8th century, 4,000 Abd al-Qays warriors formed part of the army of Qutayba ibn Muslim on his campaign into Khorasan.
The majority of the Baharna are descendants of the Banu Abd al-Qays, while some are from the tribes of Bakr ibn Wa'il and others.

## Religion

Abd al-Qays were mostly Christians before the advent of Islam.

## Sources

* 1 2 3 Caskel 1960, p. 72.
* 1 2 3 4 5 6 ʿABD-AL-QAYS Encyclopaedia Iranica.
* ↑ "قبيلة عبدالقيس التي ينحدر منها البحارنة (بحث) – ســنــوات الــجــريــش". JAS Blog. 13 May 2012.
* ↑ اللاري, البحارنة إسحاق النينويالشيخ أحمدعباس المهريعيسى أحمد قاسممجيد مرهونعلي جواد الشيخعبد الهادي الخواجةرامین بحرانیآيات القرمزينبيل رجبمهدي أبو ديبحسن مشيمعزينب الخواجةمحمد حدادمحمد سيد عدنانمحمد المسقطيحسين السبعطارق الفرسانيجاسم الهويديعلاء حبيل المناطق ذات التجمعات المعتبرة البحرين600 000عُمان10 000اللغاتاللهجة البحرانيةاللغات القديمةHasaiticالدينالمسيحية النسطورية حتى القرن 7اليوم الشيعة الإثنا عشريةالجماعات العرقية ذات الصلةشعوب سسامية أخرى: عرب، أشوريون،ِشعوب إيرانية مختلفة: فرس، شعب. "بحارنة". المعرفة (in Arabic). Retrieved 2024-09-04.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
# Thomas FitzGerald, 5th Earl of Desmond

Thomas FitzGerald, 5th Earl of Desmond (c. 1386–1420), was the only son of John FitzGerald, 4th Earl of Desmond. Upon John's death in 1399, Thomas succeeded to the earldom of Desmond, which lay in Munster, in the southwest of Ireland.
In 1418, Thomas was dispossessed of his lands and deprived of his earldom by his paternal uncle, James FitzGerald, 6th Earl of Desmond, after Thomas had concluded a marriage far below his station to Catherine MacCormac of Abbeyfeale; Catherine was the daughter of one of Thomas's dependants, William MacCormac, known as "the Monk of Feale." A marriage between a man of Norman blood and a woman of Gaelic ancestry was in violation of the Statutes of Kilkenny.
This ill-fated romance was the subject of the air "Desmond's Song" by the Irish poet Thomas Moore.
After the loss of his earldom, Thomas withdrew to France, where he "died at Rouen, 10th August 1420, and was buried at Paris 'with great and mighty show, where the two kings of England and France were present'".

## Marriage and issue

Thomas FitzGerald and Catherine MacCormac (a.k.a. Katherine McCormick) of Abbyfeale had two sons:
* Maurice, ancestor of the FitzGeralds of Adare and Broghill,
* John Claragh, who died in 1452.
Ancestors of Thomas FitzGerald, 5th Earl of Desmond :