OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Alphabet Cipher

"The Alphabet Cipher" was a brief study published by Lewis Carroll in 1868, describing how to use the alphabet to send encrypted codes. It was one of four ciphers he invented between 1858 and 1868, and one of two polyalphabetic ciphers he devised during that period and used to write letters to his friends.
It describes what is known as a Vigenère cipher, a well-known scheme in cryptography. While Carroll calls this cipher "unbreakable", Friedrich Kasiski had already published in 1863 a volume describing how to break such ciphers and Charles Babbage had secretly found ways to break polyalphabetic ciphers in the previous decade during the Crimean War.
The piece begins with a tabula recta.

## "The Alphabet-Cipher", Lewis Carroll, 1868
### Explanation

Each column of this table forms a dictionary of symbols representing the alphabet: thus, in the A column, the symbol is the same as the letter represented; in the B column, A is represented by B, B by C, and so on.
To use the table, some word or sentence should be agreed on by two correspondents. This may be called the 'key-word', or 'key-sentence', and should be carried in the memory only.
In sending a message, write the key-word over it, letter for letter, repeating it as often as may be necessary: the letters of the key-word will indicate which column is to be used in translating each letter of the message, the symbols for which should be written underneath: then copy out the symbols only, and destroy the first paper. It will now be impossible for anyone, ignorant of the key-word, to decipher the message, even with the help of the table.
For example, let the key-word be vigilance, and the message 'meet me on Tuesday evening at seven', the first paper will read as follows—
The second will contain only 'h m k b x e b p x p m y l l y r x i i q t o l t f g z z v'.
The receiver of the message can, by the same process, retranslate it into English.
Look at the column V (which is the first letter of your keyword). Under the column V, scroll down to the row of the letter M (which is the first letter of your message). The two intersect at the letter 'H'. That means the letter M is coded as H. Next, look at the column I and see where it intersects with the second letter of the message (it's 'E'). You find the letter M. So the second letter in your coded message will be the letter 'M'. Continue till you code or decode the entire message.
If this table is lost, it can easily be written out from memory, by observing that the first symbol in each column is the same as the letter naming the column, and that they are continued downwards in alphabetical order. It would only be necessary to write out the particular columns required by the key-word, but such a paper would afford an adversary the means for discovering the key-word.
# Gary J. and Matilda Vermeer Farmstead

The Gary J. and Matilda Vermeer Farmstead is a historic building located east of Pella, Iowa, United States, in Mahaska County. Gerrit "Gary" Vermeer was born on a farm outside of Pella on September 29, 1918, and was educated in the local schools. He married Matilda Van Gorp at her parents’ farm on February 14, 1941. They farmed a 120-acre (49 ha) farm that had been given to them by his parents. They built this modest house on that farm in 1953 and lived here the rest of their married life. Gary invented a wagon hoist that made it easier to unload corn. It became so popular that he and his cousin, Ralph Vermeer, started the Vermeer Company to manufacture the device as well as other agricultural implements. In 1971 Gary developed the Vermeer round hay baler, "an invention that revolutionized agriculture." In addition to his business and farming, Gary was involved in the Pella community and The Christian Reformed Church in North America. He died in Pella on February 2, 2009. Matilda, who was born near Pella on February 14, 1920, died on July 19, 2014. They are buried in Oakwood Cemetery, Pella. The farmstead was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2018.
# Marcus Junius Silanus (consul 25 BC)

Marcus Junius D. f. M. n. Silanus was a Roman senator and consul in 25 BC as the colleague of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus, the emperor Augustus.

## Biography

Silanus was a descendant of the noble Roman house of the Junii Silani. He was probably the son of Decimus Junius Silanus, consul in 62 BC, (thus the grandson of Marcus Junius Silanus, consul in 109 BC.) and Servilia, mistress of Julius Caesar, (thus the half brother of Brutus the Younger, full brother of Junia Prima, Junia Secunda and Junia Tertia and the brother-in-law of Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, the triumvir, through Secunda.
Silanus was possibly the same man who served as one of Julius Caesar's legates in 53 BC.
He supported his brother-in-law Lepidus in 44 BC after Caesar's murder, accompanying Lepidus over the Alps. The following year, Lepidus sent him with a detachment of troops to join Marcus Antonius at Mutina, but refused to accept responsibility for the help which Silanus gave. After falling out of favor with the triumvirs, in 39 he fled to Sextus Pompeius. He was able to return to Antonius's service under the terms of the Pact of Misenum.
A Silanus later served under Antonius in Achaea and Macedonia from 34 to 32, with the title of Quaestor pro consule or perhaps Proquaestor. Although the inscription in Achaea names a Silanus whose parents were named Marcus and Sempronia. Around this time he was also elected as an Augur.
Before the Battle of Actium, Silanus went over to Octavianus. The future emperor raised him to the Patriciate in 30 BC, and they held the consulship together in 25.
Marcus may have married a woman named Manlia from the Manlii Torquati, based on his descendants names. Silanus' grandson, Marcus Junius Silanus Torquatus, was consul in AD 19, and married a great-granddaughter of Augustus.
# Short Sharp Shock (band)

Short Sharp Shock (also known as SSS) are an English crossover thrash band from Liverpool, England. They are signed to the music label Prosthetic Records.
The band formed and featured members of Liverpool punk and hardcore bands Down and Outs and Walk the Plank and released a six track demo in May 2005, a four track EP the next year and their debut album Short Sharp Shock soon thereafter. Their label at the time was Thrashgig / Dead & Gone Records. Their switch to Earache Records meant the album was re-issued in early 2007 with bonus tracks.
In 2008, they released their second album, The Dividing Line, again on Earache Records. This also came with a free Sk8+Destroy 7" record, featuring British comedian Frank Sidebottom.
In June 2011, they released their third album, Problems to the Answer, on Earache Records. Upping the track count to 25 with Mark "Barney" Greenway from Napalm Death on guest vocals. Original founding members David Fergusson and guitarist Peter Broom decided to leave the band at this point. July 2011, a line-up change occurred when Stu and El Longo joined.
In November 2013, the band signed with Prosthetic Records, and released the Manipulated Living EP. SSS's fourth album entitled LIMP.GASP.COLLAPSE. was released in November 2014 on Prosthetic Records and featured Jeff Walker from Carcass on guest vocals.

## Members

* Foxy – Vocals
* Stu – Guitar
* El Longo – Drums
* Mr Bass Man – Bass

## Discography

* SSS (2005), Thrashgig, – Demo
* SSS (2006), Thrashgig, Dead and Gone – EP
* Short Sharp Shock (2006), Earache – Studio album
* Sk8 + Destroy 7" (2008), Earache – EP
* The Dividing Line (2009), Earache – Album
* Merry ChristmaSSS (2009), Earache – Free Download
* Live in Liverpool (SSS album) (2010), Earache – EP
* Problems to the Answer (2011), Earache – Studio album
* Manipulated Living (demo) (2013)
* Manipulated Living (2013), Prosthetic – EP
* LIMP.GASP.COLLAPSE. (2014), Prosthetic – Studio album

### Contributed tracks to

* Thrashing Like a Maniac (Compilation, 2007)
# Javier Ramírez (cyclist)

Javier Ramírez Abeja (born March 14, 1978, in Carmona, Spain) is a Spanish former cyclist.

## Major results
### 2002

    1st GP Macario
    1st Clásica Memorial Txuma

### 2003

    1st Overall Vuelta Ciclista a León
       1st Stage 2
    1st Copa de España
    1st Trofeo Guerrita

### 2005

    5th Overall Tour Down Under
    9th Circuito de Getxo

### 2007

    4th Subida al Naranco

### 2008

    1st Memorial Manuel Sanroma
    2nd Volta a Tarragona

### 2011

    8th Overall Tour of Qinghai Lake

### 2012

    1st Overall Tour of Iran (Azerbaijan)
       1st Stages 1 & 5
    1st Stage 7 Vuelta Ciclista de Chile
    1st Stage 1 Vuelta a Andalucía
    4th Overall Tour of Qinghai Lake

### Grand Tour general classification results timeline

| Grand Tour | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 |
| Giro d'Italia | 81 | 86 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Tour de France | Did not contest during his career | Did not contest during his career | Did not contest during his career | Did not contest during his career | Did not contest during his career | Did not contest during his career | Did not contest during his career | Did not contest during his career |
| Vuelta a España | — | — | — | — | 62 | 91 | — | 120 |
Legend :
| DSQ | Disqualified |
| DNF | Did not finish |
# International Diving Regulators and Certifiers Forum

The International Diving Regulators and Certifiers Forum (IDRCF) is an organisation representing a group of national regulatory and certifying bodies for occupational diving, and other interested and affected parties. The IDRCF confirmed its principles and purpose at their meeting in London in September 2009. The statement of principles and purpose states “The forum has agreed to work together towards mutual recognition to identify and implement best practice in diver training and assessment with the objective of harmonising cross-border diver training outside Europe.”
The organisation has since changed its name to International Diving Regulators and Certifiers Forum (IDRCF)

## Members

Members of the IDCRF include ADAS (Australia), Diver Certification Board of Canada (Canada), Health and Safety Executive(UK), Havtil (Norway), the Association of Dive Contractors International (USA), the South African Department of Employment and Labour, and the International Marine Contractors Association (IMCA).
# KAUS-FM

KAUS-FM (99.9 FM, "US 99.9") is a radio station broadcasting a country music format. Licensed to Austin, Minnesota, United States, the station serves the areas of Austin-Albert Lea, Mason City, Iowa, and Rochester, Minnesota. The station is owned by Alpha Media, through licensee Alpha 3E License, LLC.
# Santia Bradshaw

Santia Josette Omara Bradshaw, MP (born 13 March 1976) is a Barbadian politician and Attorney-at-law who has been serving as Deputy Prime Minister of Barbados since 2022.

## Early life and career

Santia Josette Omara Bradshaw was born on 13 March 1976.. She studied Law at the University of Huddersfield. Afterwards, Bradshaw practised law in Barbados before entering politics.
In 2010, Bradshaw was appointed by the Leader of the Opposition to the Senate of Barbados. On 9 November 2010, she was sworn in to office. In February 2013, she was elected to the Barbados House of Assembly representing Saint Michael South-East constituency. Between 2006 and 2008, she was an Honorary Secretary of the Barbados Bar Association. On 24 May 2018, after the 2018 general elections, she retained her seat as a member of the House of Assembly of Barbados and was appointed Minister of Education, Technological and Vocational Training.
In March 2020, she was appointed acting prime minister of Barbados after Mia Mottley was on leave for medical procedures.
Bradshaw was named deputy prime minister by Mia Mottley in January 2022 and was officially sworn in on the 26 January 2022. She is the first officially named Deputy Prime Minister of Barbados since Freundel Stuart 12 years prior.
# WS

WS, Ws, or ws may refer to:

## Businesses and organizations

* Ware Shoals Railroad (reporting mark WS), South Carolina, United States
* WestJet (IATA airline code WS)
* Society of Writers to His Majesty's Signet, in post-nomial abbreviation
* Williams Street, the production arm for Cartoon Network’s nighttime programming block, Adult Swim
* Warm Showers, a non-profit hospitality exchange network for world cyclists.
* Williams-Sonoma, Inc., American kitchenware and home furnishings retailer.
* Wikisource, an online digital library of free-content textual sources on a wiki

## Places

* WS postcode area, West Midlands, UK
* Samoa (ISO 3166-1 country code WS)
* Winschoten railway station, the Netherlands, station code
* Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States

## Science and technology

* .ws, the Internet country code top-level domain for Samoa
* ws:// WebSocket protocol prefix in a URI
* Watt second (Ws) or Joule, a unit of energy
* Web service, software system designed to support machine-to-machine interaction over the Web
* Werner syndrome, premature aging
* White striping, a condition in poultry where fat replaces muscle
* Williams syndrome, a developmental disorder
* WonderSwan, handheld game console

## Sports

* World Sailing, world governing body for the sport of sailing
* The World Series, the annual championship series of Major League Baseball postseason
* World Series (disambiguation)

## Others

* Winter Semester in German Academic Year
# Giovanni Corso

Giovanni Corso is an Italian academic and surgeon. He is a tenure-track researcher at University of Milan and breast cancer surgeon at the European Institute of Oncology in Milan. Corso is the current president of the European Cancer Prevention Organization and the editor-in-chief of the European Journal of Cancer Prevention. His main research activities are on hereditary diffuse gastric cancer and hereditary lobular breast cancer associated with Cadherins disfunction.

## Biography

Corso graduated MD cum laude at the University of Siena Italy in 2002. He specialized in general surgery in 2009, and received PhD in Medicine and Molecular Oncology at the University of Porto Portugal.

## Books (as editor)

* Corso, Giovanni; Roviello, Franco, eds. (August 29, 2013). "Spotlight on Familial and Hereditary Gastric Cancer". SpringerLink. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-6570-2. ISBN 978-94-007-6569-6. S2CID 34265150.
* Corso, Giovanni; Veronesi, Paolo; Roviello, Franco, eds. (2023). "Hereditary Gastric and Breast Cancer Syndrome". SpringerLink. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-21317-5. ISBN 978-3-031-21316-8. S2CID 257560473.

## Awards and honours

* 2011 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) merit award Gastrointestinal Cancer Symposium San Francisco USA
* 2023 World Top 2% list Stanford University
* 2024 Guerrieri award
* 2024 World Top 2% list Stanford University
* 2024 100 Enti Associazioni Cavalieri del Bene
# Cactus (TV series)

Cactus (Persian :کاکتوس) is a 1998 Iranian satirical TV series directed by Mohammad Reza Honarmand. Various actors played in the series including Fathali Oveisi, Khosrow Shakibai, Reza Fieze Norouzi, Rasool Najafian, Soroosh Sehhat and Zohreh Mojabi. Cactus was aired in three parts between 1998 and 2002.
IRIB's Channel 1 broadcast the TV series.
# Stephen Noteboom

Stephen Noteboom (born 31 July 1969) is a former professional tennis player from the Netherlands.
Noteboom enjoyed most of his tennis success while playing doubles. During his career he won 2 doubles titles. He achieved a career-high doubles ranking of world No. 52 in 1997.

## Career finals
### Doubles (2 titles)

* Legend
* Grand Slam tournaments (0)
* Tennis Masters Cup (0)
* ATP Masters Series (0)
* ATP Championship Series (0)
* ATP Tour (2)
| Result | W/L | Date | Tournament | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
| Win | 1–0 | Jun 1994 | Rosmalen, Netherlands | Grass | Fernon Wibier | Diego Nargiso Peter Nyborg | 6–3, 1–6, 7–6 |
| Win | 2–0 | May 1996 | Munich, Germany | Clay | Lan Bale | Olivier Delaître Diego Nargiso | 4–6, 7–6, 6–4 |
# Bureau of Civil Aviation Security

The Bureau of Civil Aviation Security (BCAS) is an attached office of the Ministry of Civil Aviation (India). It is the regulatory authority for civil aviation security in India. It is headed by an officer of the rank of Director general of Police and is designated as Director General of Bureau of Civil Aviation Security. The Director General, BCAS is the appropriate authority for implementation of Annexure 17(Security: Safeguarding International Civil Aviation Against Acts of Unlawful Interference) to Chicago convention of International Civil Aviation Organization. The Director General, BCAS is responsible for the development, implementation and maintenance of the National Civil Aviation Security Programme.

## History

The BCAS was initially set up as a Cell in the Directorate General of Civil Aviation(DGCA) in January 1978 on the recommendation of the Pande Committee constituted in the wake of the hijacking of the Indian Airlines flight on 10 September 1976. The role of the Cell was to coordinate, inspect, monitor and train personnel in Civil Aviation Security matters.
The BCAS was reorganized into an independent department in April , 1987 under the Ministry of Civil Aviation as a sequel to the Kanishka Tragedy in June 1985. The main responsibility of BCAS is to lay down standards and measures in respect of security of civil flights at International and domestic airports in India.
The office of BCAS headquarter is located at "A" Wing, I-III floor, Janpath Bhawan, Janpath, New Delhi. The agency has twenty regional offices, located at various airports i.e. Ahmedabad, Amritsar, Bengaluru, Bhopal, Bhubaneswar, Chennai, Delhi, Dehradun, Guwahati, Hyderabad, Imphal, Jaipur, Kochi, Kolkata, Lucknow, Mumbai, Patna, Raipur, Ranchi and Srinagar.

## Director General

Rajesh Nirwan, a 1992 batch IPS officer of Rajasthan cadre, has been appointed as the Director General of Bureau of Civil Aviation Security (BCAS) in the Ministry of Civil Aviation. BCAS is a wing of the Civil Aviation Ministry looking after civil aviation security. His appointment was cleared by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet headed by the Prime Minister.
# Gaston–Strong House

The Gaston–Strong House is a house located in southwest Portland, Oregon listed on the National Register of Historic Places. An early resident was Joseph P. Gaston.
# The Gardener's Labyrinth

The Gardener's Labyrinth or The Gardeners Labyrinth was an early popular book about gardening. It was written by Thomas Hill, using the pseudonym Didymus Mountain, with Henry Dethick and published in 1577.
It was published three years after Thomas Hill's death and completed by Henry Dethick, who was a friend of Hill's. It was printed by Henry Bynneman.
It contains high quality woodcut illustrations which show gardeners working in modest sized gardens. They dig, rake, train climbers over arbours and plant flowers in raised beds. Tools such as mattocks, hedgehooks, shovels, water-tubs, waterspouts and brooms.
The book's instructions for growing cucumbers were reviewed by George William Johnson in 1817. Although the book receives praise for its advice that cucumbers should be grown on a trellis, 'that the fruites corrupt not by lying on the earth' Johnson writes that the book's directions are 'mingled with many absurdities borrowed from classic authorities'.

## Reception

The book was popular. It was reprinted five or six times and its final edition appeared in 1651.

## Thomas Hill

Thomas Hill (born approx 1528-1574) was a book compiler and translator but also an astrologer. As well as writing books on gardening he also wrote on astrology, arithmetic, physiognomy and dreams.
Hill was responsible too for A most briefe and pleasant treatise, teaching how to dress, some, and set a garden in 1563. Described as the first gardening book to be printed in England.

## Henry Dethick's Completion

The book includes a poem, addressed to the reader, where Dethicks explains his contribution after Thomas Hill's death. 'Considering (right honourable) my promise plighted unto my friend (lately entrered) I was informed to performe the perfecting of this English Treatise'.
# Julián López (footballer, born 2000)

Julián Alejo López (born 8 January 2000) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Tigre, on loan from Defensa y Justicia.

## Career
### Club

López began his career in the system of Racing Club. He first experienced first-team football in October 2018, with manager Eduardo Coudet selecting him as a substitute for an Argentine Primera División match against Boca Juniors. Racing Club drew the match 2–2, with López coming on for the final minutes in place of Marcelo Díaz. On 16 February 2022, López joined Primera Nacional club Ferro Carril Oeste on a one-year loan deal. However, the spell at Ferro was cut short and on 29 June 2022, he was instead loaned out to Defensa y Justicia until the end of 2023 with a purchase option set at 700 thousand dollars for 50% of the pass.

### International

López has represented Argentina at U20 level, notably scoring against Ecuador in a friendly on 15 October 2018. January 2019 saw López receive a call-up to the South American U-20 Championship in Chile, as an injury replacement for Agustín Almendra.

## Career statistics

    As of 28 December 2019.
Club statistics :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Racing Club | 2018–19 | Primera División | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0 |
* ↑ Appearances in the Copa Sudamericana.
# Myfanwy Talog

Myfanwy Talog Williams (Welsh pronunciation: 31 March 1944 – 11 March 1995), known professionally as Myfanwy Talog, was a Welsh actress and the long-term partner of English actor David Jason.

## Personal life

Talog was born on 31 March 1944 in Caerwys, Flintshire and a plaque is currently on the house where she was born. She worked as a teacher before pursuing an acting career and appeared mainly on Welsh-language television, comedy and children's programmes. For the Welsh audience, she played the character of Phyllis Doris, the family's teen daughter in the comedy series Ryan and Ronnie.
She later appeared in several English-language sitcoms and soap operas. She lived with David Jason and accompanied him to Buckingham Palace in 1993 to receive his OBE. She lived with him for eighteen years until her death from breast cancer.

## Television

On television, Talog narrated Wil Cwac Cwac (English: Will Quack Quack) and voiced The Two Girls in the SuperTed episode, "SuperTed and the Pothole Rescue" for S4C and Siriol Productions. She did voice work for Cosgrove Hall on Alias the Jester, and The BFG, where she voiced Mrs. Clonkers (with Jason voicing the BFG). Contrary to popular belief, she did not sing the theme tune to Danger Mouse. She also appeared in the British TV shows The Magnificent Evans, Bread, Ryan and Ronnie, Within These Walls, A Sharp Intake of Breath, Crossroads, Butterflies, Yes, Prime Minister and Waiting for God.

## Death

Talog died of breast cancer on 11 March 1995, aged 50. In 2006, on the anniversary of her birthday, a plaque was unveiled by her brother in her memory, placed on her former family home in Caerwys.