OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Reigate Stone

Reigate Stone is a freestone that was mined from the Upper Greensand in north east Surrey. It was used in building work throughout the Middle Ages and early modern period. It is sometimes classified as a calcareous sandstone, although very little of the silica content is in the form of detrital sand grains. In addition to silicon dioxide, the stone also includes clay, fine-grained calcite, mica flakes and glauconite.
Since exposure of Upper Greensand is rare, Reigate Stone was generally extracted from underground workings, although it may have been quarried from the surface at first. The stone was mined using the post-and-stall technique, in which adits (approximately 4 m (13 ft) wide and 1.5 m (5 ft) high) were cut into the beds, which dip downwards below the chalk above. Parallel grooves in the floors of these workings suggest that cut stone was brought to the surface on wooden sledges. Mines are thought to have existed along the base of the North Downs from Buckland in the west to Chaldon in the east. Many probable sites were most likely destroyed by the construction of the M25 motorway, although the earliest recorded mine has been identified at the foot of Colley Hill to the north of Reigate.

## Use

The first recorded use of Reigate Stone is in the foundations of Edward the Confessor's monastery at Westminster in the first half of the 11th century, although archaeological evidence from St Mary's Church, Stoke d'Abernon suggests that it was being quarried by the early eighth century. The stone is found in numerous medieval buildings in London, including the White Tower of the Tower of London, and Hampton Court Palace, as well as other important buildings in south east England such as Waltham Abbey, Windsor Castle and both Rochester and Canterbury Cathedrals. It was used increasingly in place of Caen stone, especially after the loss of the Duchy of Normandy by King John in 1204.
In the Tudor period, Reigate Stone was used in the construction of Nonsuch Palace, although much of it came from the demolition of Merton Priory and only a small portion was freshly mined. The stone continued to be used in the 17th century, including by Christopher Wren in St Paul's Cathedral and other city churches, following the Great Fire of London. Wren was particularly concerned to make sure that the stone was properly sourced, having identified its susceptibility to frost damage. In later centuries, Reigate Stone appears to have been particularly vulnerable to damage by pollution. The final mine closed in the 1960s, although fresh stone was procured for a new stairwell at Westminster Abbey in 2018.
# Moon Lake Monster

The Moon Lake Monster, also known as "Moonie" or the "Nessie of Moon Lake," is a cryptid reported to inhabit Moon Lake in Duchesne County, Utah. Descriptions of the creature vary, with accounts ranging from a bumpy figure resembling a log with scales or a fin to a serpent-like entity.

## Sightings

Visitors to Moon Lake have allegedly reported sightings of the monster over the years. During a family reunion, one witness described a figure resembling a log with a fin that appeared to follow their boat, with scales visible as water moved over it. Another account referred to the creature as "black, ugly, and bumpy."
Gary Sutherland, a former owner of Moon Lake Resort, claimed that sightings typically occur during calm, windless conditions in the early morning or evening. Witnesses have reported V-shaped ripples caused by a rounded object just below the surface. In 1994, Bill Reardon stated that he observed such a ripple through binoculars and described it as moving steadily and zigzagging across the lake. Reardon claimed to have ruled out logs or known animals as the cause.
Other reports describe a serpent-like creature. One resident stated that stories about the monster are well known in the area, comparing it to the Loch Ness Monster.

## Folklore and legends

The Moon Lake Monster is reportedly tied to Ute tribal legends. One story claims that a burial canoe was pulled underwater by a large hand, leading the tribe to abandon the lake, believing it was cursed.
Another account involves two Native American children who disappeared in the lake. After search efforts failed to locate their bodies, the tribe believed a large aquatic creature was responsible.

## Environmental context

Moon Lake, at an elevation of 8,300 feet in the Uinta Mountains, is a natural lake expanded by a dam built during the Great Depression. The lake, shaped like a crescent moon, is known for its sandy western shoreline, uncommon in the Rocky Mountains, and is a popular destination for fishing, hiking, and camping.
Some believe parts of the lake are bottomless, with speculation about underground passages connecting it to other areas of the state.
# Hsieh Fa-dah

Hsieh Fa-dah (Chinese: 謝發達; pinyin: Xiè Fādá; born 17 May 1950) is a Taiwanese diplomat. He was the ROC representative to Singapore in 2012-2015.

## Education

Hsieh obtained his master's degree in economics from National Chengchi University in 1977.
# Morris Ketchum

Morris Ketchum (February 5, 1796 – January 1, 1880) was an American banker and financier of the 19th century.

## Early life

Ketchum was born on February 5, 1796, at Waterford in Saratoga County, New York. He was the fourth child of Amos Ketchum (1765–1835) and Arabella (née Landon) Ketchum. Among his siblings were Mary Ketchum (wife of Dr. Samuel Akerly who founded the New York Institute for Special Education in 1831) and Hiram Ketchum.

## Career

In 1832 he partnered with Thomas Rogers and Jasper Grosvenor to form the manufacturing firm of Rogers, Ketchum and Grosvenor; this firm eventually grew into Rogers Locomotive Works, the second most popular steam locomotive manufacturing company in North America.
Ketchum was also a director of the Illinois Central Railroad. During his time on the board, he was able to funnel many of that railroad's locomotive orders to Rogers.
In the 1860s, he partnered with Peter Cooper, John Jacob Astor Jr., Hamilton Fish and others to form a new committee, the Special Council of Hygiene and Public Health. Joseph Smith served as president and Dr. Willard Parker was vice-president.
Morris Ketchum, with his son Edward B. Ketchum, led the financial firm of Ketchum, Son and Company in New York City. His son Edward was later found to have embezzled nearly $2.5 million to cover his losses in the 1860s; it was Morris's good reputation that kept the public from suspecting Edward of embezzlement for a time. Morris had to resign as president of the Fourth National Bank of New York.

### Later career

After giving up his fortune to make good on his sons forgeries in 1865, Ketchum moved south and became interested in the Savannah Banking and Trust Company of Savannah, Georgia, and the Central Railroad.

## Personal life

Ketchum was married three times. His later marriage was to Margaret Miller (1807–1893), a daughter of Judge Sylvanus Miller of Long Island. He was the father of three sons and two daughters that survived him, including:
* Charles Jessup Ketchum (1839–1893)
* Landon Ketchum (1842–1910), who married Ann Augusta Burritt (1842–1867), a daughter of Francis Burritt. After her death, he married Isabella Landon Jones (1838–1903).
* Miller Ketchum (1842–1892), who married Mary W. Coffin in 1868.
* Margaret Ketchum (1847–1929), who married Dr. Willard Parker Jr., a son of surgeon Willard Parker
Ketchum died at his home, 19 Washington Square in New York City, on January 1, 1880. He was buried at Willowbrook Cemetery in Westport, Connecticut.
# Jacinto Ciria Cruz

Jacinto "Jumping Jack" Ciria Cruz (August 16, 1910 – December 25, 1944) was a Filipino basketball player and coach. Ciria Cruz played for the University of Santo Tomas men's basketball team and also represented the Philippines at the 1936 Summer Olympics as a member of the country's national basketball team. He later ventured into coaching different collegiate squads.
In 1938, Ciria Cruz took over as Letran basketball coach from Herminio Silva, who had earlier inherited the job from Ciria Cruz when the latter played in the Berlin Olympics. It was the year Letran wins its first NCAA cage title.
He was killed during World War II.
# Tung Kuo-yu

Tung Kuo-yu (Chinese: 董國猷; pinyin: Dǒng Guóyóu) is a Taiwanese diplomat. Between 2013 and 2017, he was the Representative of the Republic of China to the European Union and Belgium and previously served in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
# Ruth Faison Shaw

Ruth Faison Shaw (1889–1969) was an American artist, educator who is credited with introducing finger painting into the US as an art education medium. She developed her techniques while working in Rome, Italy, patenting a safe non-toxic paint in 1931.

## Early life

Shaw was born in Kenansville, North Carolina, on October 15, 1889. Her father was a Presbyterian minister and she had four brothers. She attended elementary school in Cabarrus County, North Carolina. She graduated from a Presbyterian girls school, the James Sprunt Institute, in 1906. She also attended the Peabody Conservatory in Baltimore. After graduation she gained some experience as (an untrained) school teacher in the Appalachian Mountains in Transylvania County, North Carolina.
In 1918 Shaw travelled to France and Italy with the Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA), before setting up a school in Rome.

## Finger painting

Shaw is credited with developing the art of finger painting and later introducing it into the American education system. She later claimed she had been inspired when she saw a child smearing iodine onto a wall, realising children liked to 'smear'. This event took place in 1926, when Shaw had already founded an experimental school, the Shaw School, for English-speaking children. Shaw developed the techniques and materials required for finger painting. In 1931 she patented a gelatinous paint medium that would be safe for children.
Shaw returned to the US in 1932. She took a job in the progressive Dalton School in New York City, where she introduced finger painting to the curriculum. An exhibition of finger painting art took place in Manhattan in 1933. She published several books on finger painting.

## Later career

Shaw came to be seen as a pioneer in progressive education. She was invited to lecture about finger painting and organize exhibitions. She started a factory in New York to produce her paint. Finger painting workshops were started for adults. In 1942 she became a lecturer at Teachers College, Columbia University.
Shaw died in Fayetteville, North Carolina in 1969. A collection of her papers are held at the Southern Historical Collection at the University of North Carolina.

## Selected works

* Shaw, Ruth Faison (1934). Finger Painting: A Perfect Medium for Self-Expression. Boston: Little, Brown, and Company. OCLC 1741952.
* Shaw, Ruth Faison (1947). Finger-Painting and How I Do It. New York: Leland-Brent Pub. Co. OCLC 1438717 – via HathiTrust.
# Jellyfish (2018 film)

Jellyfish is a 2018 British social-realist film. The film stars Liv Hill, Sinead Matthews and Cyril Nri.

## Plot

Sarah is a teenage carer to a mother with mental health issues and two younger children, holding the family together by various means including financially by a part-time job. The film develops increasing pressures with caring, school and work on Sarah; who resorts to increasingly desperate measures to juggle conflicting requirements. Her drama teacher's end-of-school showcase as the film's climax leads her to choose between life as a family carer and her newly discovered stand-up comedy talent.

## Cast

Liv Hill as Sarah Taylor
Sinead Matthews as Karen Taylor
Cyril Nri as Adam Hale
Angus Barnett as Vince

## Production

The film features and was predominantly shot in and around Margate, Kent.

## Release and reception

Jellyfish premiered at the 2018 Tribeca Film Festival. The Guardian gave the film three stars out of five, calling it a "striking directorial debut" by Gardner, and "an astonishingly good performance" by Hill, although also highlighted "occasional stumbles – a few too many jabs at gentrification, a couple of misfiring performances, and in places the budget constraints really show."

## Accolades

Hill and Matthews jointly won the Best Performance in a British Feature Film award at the 2018 Edinburgh Film Festival.
# Nick Vogel

Nicholas August Vogel (born February 5, 1990) is an American volleyball coach and former professional volleyball player.

## Early life and education

Vogel attended Steele Canyon High School (2004–2007) & Valhalla High School (2007–2008). He graduated UCLA in 2012 with a BA in Anthropology.

## Career
### Playing

Vogel played NCAA volleyball for the 19-time National Champion UCLA Bruins from 2009 to 2012 and also played for Team USA in the 2009 FIVB Men's Junior World Championship and the 2011 Pan American Games. After graduating from college in 2012, he played for Panathinaikos Athens for the 2012–2013 professional season. Vogel the played in Germany's Bundesliga for TV Bühl for the 2013–2014 season and then VfB Friedrichshafen for the 2014–2015 season where they competed in the CEV Champions League and were German Cup and Bundesliga Champions.

### Coaching

Vogel retired from playing volleyball in 2015 after being diagnosed with Marfan syndrome. Since then he has worked as a volleyball coach. In 2015, he was a volunteer assistant coach for UCLA Bruins women's volleyball. In August 2016, he became an assistant coach for UC San Diego Tritons men's volleyball. From 2018 to 2021, Vogel was an assistant coach for DePaul Blue Demons women's volleyball. In June 2022, Vogel joined the UCLA Bruins men's volleyball team as an assistant coach.

## Clubs

* Panathinaikos Athens (2012–2013)
* TV Bühl (2013–2014)
* VfB Friedrichshafen (2014–2015)
# Claude de Sainctes

Claude de Sainctes (b. at Perche, 1525; d. at Crèvecoeur, 1591) was a French Catholic theologist, author, and controversialist.

## Biography

At the age of fifteen he joined the Canons Regular of Saint-Cheron, and was sent to the College of Navarre in Paris, where he received the degree of Doctor of Theology (1555). On account of the erudition of his early works and the aptitude which he showed for controversy, he was called to the Conference of Poissy, held in 1561 between the Catholics and the Huguenots, at which Theodore of Beza and Diego Lainez, Superior General of the Society of Jesus, were present.
He was afterwards deputed to the Council of Trent to represent, with Simon Vigor, the University of Paris. Upon his return, he acquired a reputation for his sermons and discussions with Protestants. He published a work against their spoliation of Catholic churches and a vigorous declaration against the doctrines of John Calvin and Theodore of Beza; the latter replied and drew upon himself a new attack from Claude de Sainctes.
At the same time he charged the King of France by his treatise on "L'ancien naturel des Français" never to tolerate heretics; against these, he later defended Catholic dogma with an exhaustive treatise on the Eucharist. Through the patronage of Charles, Cardinal of Lorraine, he was appointed to the Bishopric of Évreux(1575).
He was very zealous in his efforts to convert Protestants. He assisted at the provincial Council of Rouen (1581) and published its records in French. When the League became active he took sides with it and worked to gain partisans, but the royal troops took possession of Évreux and the bishop was forced to flee. Unfortunately for him, there were found among his papers writings in which he approved of the murder of Henry III of France, and maintained that one could likewise kill his successor.
Arrested and arraigned before the Parlement of Caen, he was condemned to death as guilty of high treason. At the request of the Cardinal de Bourbon and of several bishops, Henry IV commuted his sentence to life imprisonment, and he was confined in the château of Crèvecoeur where he died two months later.

## Important works

His works were published, some in Latin and others in French. The more important are:
* "Liturgiae sive missae SS. Patrum Jacobi, Basilii J. Chrysostomi" (Greek-Latin, Paris, 1560)
* "Discours sur le saccagement des églises catholiques par les hérétiques anciens et nouveaux calvinistes" (Paris, 1562)
** Translated into Dutch as Discours oft corte enarratie, op die beroovinghe der catholycker kercken gheschiet door die oude ketteren, ende nieuwe Calvinisten van onsen tyden (Leuven, Rutger Velpius, 1567) Available on Google Books
* "Traité de l'ancien naturel des Français en la religion chrétienne" (Paris, 1567)
* "Déclaration d'anciens athéismes de la doctrine de Calvin et de Bèze contre les premiers fondements de la chrétienté" (Paris, 1567)
* "De rebus Eucharistiae controversis libri X" (Paris, 1575).
# Thor Haug Nørbech

Thor Haug Nørbech (born 29 December 1988) is a Norwegian luger. He was born in Oslo. He competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, where he placed 17th in the men's singles.
# Gary VanDeaver

Gary Wayne VanDeaver (born September 25, 1958) is an American politician serving as the state representative for the Texas House of Representatives' 1st district, which encompasses Bowie, Cass, Lamar, Morris, and Red River counties in northeastern Texas. He is a retired lifelong educator with the Avery Independent School District, Rivercrest Independent School District and finally at New Boston Independent School District in New Boston, Texas, where he still resides.
VanDeaver was first elected in 2014, and has been re-elected by his district four times, in 2016, 2018, 2020, and 2022. He has defeated the previous incumbent, George Lavender, on three separate occasions, and has never faced opposition in a general election. He identifies as a Conservative Republican.

## Background

VanDeaver was born in Grimes County south of College Station, Texas. He grew up on a cattle ranch in Red River County outside of Clarksville TX

## Political Life

VanDeaver was first elected in 2014, defeating the incumbent George Lavender by 54.34%-45.66% in the 2014 Republican primary election. VanDeaver faced no opposition in the 2014 general election.
VanDeaver easily defeated Lavender in a rematch in the 2016 Republican primary on March 1, 2016. VanDeaver received 18,263 votes (61.93 percent) to Lavender's 11,242 (38.07 percent). VanDeaver faced no opposition in the 2016 general election.
VanDeaver ran unopposed in the 2018 Republican primary. VanDeaver ran unopposed in the general election held on November 6, 2018.
VanDeaver ran unopposed in the 2020 Republican primary. VanDeaver ran unopposed in the general election held on November 3, 2020.
VanDeaver ran again in the 2022 Republican primary, once again defeating Lavender (and a third candidate, Ray Null); the margin being 62.88%-28.96% over Lavender with Null taking only 8.16%. As with his previous general election races, VanDeaver again faced no opposition.
VanDeaver ran in the 2024 Republican primary against Chris Spencer and Dale Huls. VanDeaver received 45.5% of the primary vote, while Spencer garnered 43.0% and Huls received 11.4%, resulting in a runoff election. In the Republican primary runoff, VanDeaver defeated Spencer with 53.5% of the vote, while Spencer received 46.5%.
* Texas
* Education
* Politics
# Niño Ramírez

Niño Ramírez (born January 16, 1912) was a Filipino athlete. He won a bronze medal in the long jump event at the 1934 Far Eastern Championship Games. He also competed in the men's long jump at the 1936 Summer Olympics.
# Minna Salmela

Minna Salmela (born May 3, 1971, in Oulu) is a retired female freestyle sprint swimmer from Finland. Salmela competed for her native country at two consecutive Summer Olympics, starting in 1992 in Barcelona, Spain. Her best result was a 14th place with the women's 4 × 100 m medley relay team at the 1996 Summer Olympics, alongside Mia Hagman, Anu Koivisto, and Marja Pärssinen.
# Clarence Sexton

Clarence Sexton (1948 - 2023) was an Independent Baptist pastor, a prominent Republican, alongside being the founder and president of the Crown College in Tennessee, which was started in 1991.

## Life

Sexton was born in the state of Alabama, however he spent his childhood in Blount County. Sexton later became a pastor at the Temple Baptist Church at Powell, Tennessee and founded the Independent Baptist Crown College, whose graduates started around 500 churches in the world.
In 1970, when Sexton was only 22 years old, he met Billy Graham, stating that he viewed him very positively. Clarence Sexton worked with the Independent Baptist preacher Lee Roberson.
Sexton had two sons, six children and two great-grandchildren. He died in 2023 after being sick for a long time. His wife, who co-founded the Crown College with him, died a year later in 2024.
Sexton often tried to seek unity within the Independent Baptist movement, creating the Independent Baptist Friends International.
In 2017, the Temple Baptist Church was involved in a lawsuit, after a truck injured a woman. The lawsuit also named the Temple Baptist Church, claiming ownership of the equipment. However, Sexton denied the ownership of the truck by the church and any involvement.

## Ruckmanism

Clarence Sexton was a King James Only Fundamentalist, however he rejected more radical views of King James Onlyism. In 2005, Sexton invited William Grady, a radical proponent of KJV-onlyism, to speak at Temple Baptist Church where he pastored. During his sermon, Grady called for a revival of Ruckmanism and argued for a break from broader fundamentalism, claiming it did not go far enough. Sexton responded to Grady's remarks by canceling a subsequent speaking engagement for him at the church. Later, Grady published a book criticizing KJV-only advocates who accept the Textus Receptus.

## Racism allegations

Sexton has been the subject of controversy over racism, especially on the issue of the inclusion of a statue of the confederate general Nathan Bedford Forrest, and Sexton's opposition to the Black Lives Matter movement, to which allegations the college stated that they had been misrepresented.
# Port Neuf National Forest

Port Neuf National Forest was established by the U.S. Forest Service in Idaho on March 2, 1907, with 99,508 acres (402.69 km$^2$). On July 1, 1908, the forest was combined with Pocatello National Forest and the name was discontinued. The lands are presently included in Caribou National Forest.
# Gungriffon Blaze

GunGriffon Blaze is a video game developed by Game Arts and published by Capcom and Working Designs in 2000, and by Swing! Deutschland in Europe in 2002 for PlayStation 2. The game was a launch title on the PlayStation 2 in North America.

## Reception

Aggregate score :
| Aggregator | Score |
| Metacritic | 73/100 |
Review scores :
| Publication | Score |
| AllGame | |
| CNET Gamecenter | 6/10 |
| Edge | 7/10 |
| Electronic Gaming Monthly | 6.83/10 |
| Eurogamer | 8/10 |
| Famitsu | 33/40 |
| Game Informer | 7/10 |
| GameFan | (MVS) 83% 76% |
| GameSpot | 7.6/10 |
| IGN | 8.4/10 |
| Next Generation | |
| Official U.S. PlayStation Magazine | |
The game received "average" reviews according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. Eric Bratcher of NextGen said, "If you can buy one mech game, [Armored Core 2] will give you more for your money. But if you can afford two, this title is well worth your time." In Japan, Famitsu gave it a score of 33 out of 40.
The game was a runner-up for "Action Game of 2000" Editors' Choice award at IGN's Best of 2000 Awards for PlayStation 2, which went to TimeSplitters.