OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# John Townshend, 6th Marquess Townshend

John James Dudley Stuart Townshend, 6th Marquess Townshend DL (17 October 1866 – 17 November 1921), known as Viscount Raynham from 1866 to 1899, was a British peer.

## Early life

Townshend was the son of John Villiers Stuart Townshend, 5th Marquess Townshend, and Lady Anne Elizabeth Clementina Duff. His paternal grandfather was John Townshend, 4th Marquess Townshend and his maternal grandfather was James Duff, 5th Earl Fife. His father was a Member of Parliament for Tamworth before his elevation to the House of Lords in 1863.

## Career and peerage

Upon the death of his father in 1899, he succeeded as the 11th Baronet Townshend of Rainham, the 9th Baron Townshend of Lynn Regis, the 6th Marquess Townshend of Raynham, and the 9th Viscount Townshend of Raynham.
Lord Townshend served as the Deputy Lieutenant of Norfolk.

## Personal life

Heavily in debt, Townshend was forced to sell many of the family's valuables, including nearly 200 masterpieces, including works by Thomas Gainsborough, Peter Paul Rubens, and Anthony van Dyck. He leased the family estate Raynham Hall, before traveling to America to find a rich wife. Lord Townshend became engaged to a Mrs. Evelyn Sheffield of Jacksonville, Florida, but broke off the engagement "when he discovered she was not as rich as she had implied." After he returned to England, he was introduced to Thomas Sutherst, a barrister who agreed to pay off his debts if he married his daughter. Lord Townshend agreed and on 9 August 1905, he married Gwladys Ethel Gwendolen Eugénie Sutherst.
Shortly after the wedding, his new father-in-law attempted to have Lord Townshend declared insane. However, "a court found him incapable of managing his own financial affairs, but sane enough to remain at liberty, under the care of his wife." Despite her father's manipulations, reportedly the Marchioness was genuinely devoted to Townshend and worked diligently to restore the family fortunes so her children could be raised at Raynham Hall, although some of the family's land holdings elsewhere were sold. Before his death in 1921, they were the parents of:
* George John Patrick Dominic Townshend, 7th Marquess Townshend (1916–2010), who married three times and served as chairman of Anglia Television from 1958 to 1986.
* Lady Elizabeth Mary Gladys Townshend (1917–1950), who married Sir Eric White, 2nd Baronet. She later married John Clifford Roberts.
Lord Townshend died in November 1921, aged 55, and was succeeded in his titles by his five-year-old son George. Lady Townshend later married Bernard le Strange and died in 1959.

### Descendants

The current Marquess Townshend, Charles Townshend, 8th Marquess Townshend (born 1945), is his grandson and is a music producer and sound engineer. Cenzo Townshend (b. 1963) is his great-grandson.
# French ship Montebello (1815)

Montebello was a Téméraire-class 74-gun ship of the line of the French Navy. She belonged to the Pluton subclass, or petit modèle.

## Career

Montebello, was one of the ships built in the various shipyards captured by the First French Empire in Holland and Italy in a crash programme to replenish the ranks of the French Navy. Started as Duquesne and renamed soon afterwards, she was built in Venice under supervision of engineers Jean Tupinier and Jean Dumonteil following plans by Sané.
She might have been launched in November 1813 and used as a floating battery in the defence of Venice.
Still under construction, 22/24 completed, Montebello was surrendered to Austria at the fall of Venice. The Austrians completed the construction and commissioned her in the Austrian Navy as Cesare.
In 1816, she was found to have rotten timber. A commission examined her in 1820. She still existed in 1824.

## Fate

Cesare was eventually broken up between 1824 and before 1835.

## Legacy

A detailed 1/20th model of Montebello is on display at the Museo Storico Navale.

## Citations

* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Demerliac (2004), p. 81, n°575.
* 1 2 3 4 Roche (2005), p. 163.
* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Winfield & Roberts (2015), p. 97.
* ↑ Clouet, Alain (2007). "La marine de Napoléon III : classe Téméraire - caractéristiques". dossiersmarine.free.fr. Archived from the original on 23 March 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.
# Robert Miśkowiak

Robert Miśkowiak (born 21 November 1983 in Rawicz, Poland) is a former motorcycle speedway rider form Poland.

## Career

In 2003, he reached the final of the Speedway Under-21 World Championship. The following year he became the World Under-21 Champion, after winning the 2004 Speedway Under-21 World Championship.
In Britain, he raced for Ipswich Witches from 2005 until 2010. In 2012, he joined Wolverhampton Wolves, where he rode for two seasons.

## Speedway Grand Prix results

2005 Speedway Grand Prix Final Championship standings (Riding No 16) :
| Race no. | Grand Prix | Pos. | Pts. | Heats | Draw No |
| 1 /9 | European SGP | injury → (16) Krzysztof Kasprzak | injury → (16) Krzysztof Kasprzak | injury → (16) Krzysztof Kasprzak | 7 |
* permanent speedway rider
* wild card, track reserve or qualified reserve
* rider not classified (track reserve who did not start)

## Honours

* Individual U-21 World Championship
** 2003 - 12th place (6 points)
** 2004 - World Champion (12 points +2 +3)
* Individual U-19 European Championship
** 2002 - 8th place (7 points)
* European Club Champions' Cup:
** 2007 - Winner in Semi-Final 1 (18 points)
* Polish Pairs U-21 Championship
** 2002 - Polish Champion with Piła
** 2003 - 3rd place with Piła
* Team Polish Championship
** 2000 - 2nd place with Piła (details)
** 2004 - 2nd place with Wrocław (details)
** 2007 - Polish Champion with Leszno (details)
* Team U-21 Polish Championship
* 2001 - 2nd place
* 2003 - Polish Champion
* Silver Helmet (U-21)
* 2003 - Winner
* Bronze Helmet (U-19)
* 2001 - 2nd place

## Family

His nephew is Polish international speedway rider Jakub Miśkowiak.
# Avraham Katz

Avraham Katz (Hebrew: אברהם כץ; 1931 – 13 August 1986) was an Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset for Gahal and Likud between 1969 and 1981.

## Biography

Born in Ness Ziona during the Mandate era, Katz was educated at the Herzliya Hebrew High School. He joined the Palmach was a member of its Harel Brigade during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. He went on to study literature, economics and geography at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, gaining a BA and MA and certification as a high school teacher. Between 1950 and 1955 he was a member of the university's student council.
In 1955 he joined the General Zionists. He was also a member of the High School Teachers Association, serving as spokesman and a member of its directorate, and as its chairman between 1962 and 1969. Between 1968 and 1969 he worked as director of the Ministry of Education's School of Completion Studies for Senior Educators.
In 1969 Katz was elected to the Knesset on the Gahal list, an alliance of Herut and the Liberal Party (which the General Zionists had merged into in 1961). The following year he began lecturing in the geography department at Tel Aviv University, a post he held until 1977. He was re-elected in 1973, by which time Gahal had merged into Likud. He was re-elected again in 1977 and the following year became a member of the board of the Jewish Agency for Israel, also heading its Youth and Pioneering Department. He lost his seat in the 1981 elections.
He died in 1986.
# Dothan Opera House

The Dothan Opera House is a historic performing arts venue in Dothan, Alabama, United States. It was built in 1914–15 as a municipal auditorium by the growing town. Seating 800, it opened October 8, 1915, with a performance by a local orchestra. The building was designed by Atlanta architectural firm Morris & Morris in a blend of Classical Revival and Italianate styles. The first floor features three central arched entry doors, with a pair of arched windows on either side. The second story is dominated by Ionic pilasters, four in the center section, and three on each side. The pilasters support a limestone architrave beneath a denticulated cornice and parapet roof. On the parapet, in line with each column in the center section is a figurine of an opera singer. A mural painted on the backdrop of the stage depicts the building under construction and some of the more famous acts to have performed in the theater.
A new civic center was built across the street in 1971, and the opera house was refurbished at the same time. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.
# Flags of the World (website)

Flags of the World (abbreviated FOTW or FotW) is an Internet-based vexillological association and resource, dealing with both modern and historic flags. Beginning as a Yahoo Group, in 1993, the website was established in 1995 by Giuseppe Bottasini, a computer engineer from Milan. It became a member of the International Federation of Vexillological Associations (FIAV) in 2001. Readers submit contributions via a mailing list. It has been called the most all-encompassing flag databases on the web, with over 19,000 pages by mid 2003.
Flags of the World renders most of its images of flags in the GIF format, with a standardized and limited colour palette. A standard height of 216 pixels is used, a number chosen to make division into many different numbers of stripes possible, although other close pixels heights can sometimes be used.
The site has come under criticism for both the quality of its images and a perceived lack of reliability.
Flags of the World also maintains the "Dictionary of Vexillology" a glossary of English language flag terms. This was started in 2005 by Andreis Petrus Burgers, Terence Martin and Christopher Southworth. It has been criticized for including words of its own formulation, such as the term "archivexillum" which was coined by the editors of Flags of the World themselves in 2010.
The organization's flag was designed by Mark Sensents, with its symbolism described as follows: "White on the hoist stands for peace, blue on the fly for progress. The six colours of the stars are the main colours used in flags. The stars help to make one bigger symbol. The way the stars are all connected to each other represents the Internet."
# 170th Ohio Infantry Regiment

The 170th Ohio Infantry Regiment, sometimes 170th Ohio Volunteer Infantry (or 170th OVI) was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War.

## Service

The 170th Ohio Infantry was organized in Bellaire, Ohio, and mustered in May 13, 1864, for 100 days service under the command of Colonel Miles J. Saunders.
The regiment left Ohio for Washington, D.C., May 17 and was attached to 2nd Brigade, Haskins' Division, XXII Corps, to July 1864, and assigned to garrison duty at Fort Simmons, Fort Bayard, Fort Mansfield, Fort Gaines, and Battery Vermont in the defenses of Washington, until July 4. Moved to Sandy Hook, Maryland, July 4, and served duty in the defenses of Maryland Heights until July 15. Attached to Reserve Division, Department of West Virginia. Operations in the Shenandoah Valley July 15-August 24. Expedition to Snicker's Ford July 17–18. Rocky Ford July 18. Second Battle of Kernstown, July 24. Martinsburg July 25. Moved to Frederick, Maryland, July 30; then guarded supply trains to Harpers Ferry, serving there until August 24.
The 170th Ohio Infantry mustered out of service September 10, 1864.

## Ohio National Guard

Over 35,000 Ohio National Guardsmen were federalized and organized into regiments for 100 days service in May 1864. Shipped to the Eastern Theater, they were designed to be placed in "safe" rear areas to protect railroads and supply points, thereby freeing regular troops for Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant’s push on the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia. As events transpired, many units found themselves in combat, stationed in the path of Confederate Gen. Jubal Early’s veteran Army of the Valley during its famed Valley Campaigns of 1864. Ohio Guard units met the battle-tested foe head on and helped blunt the Confederate offensive thereby saving Washington, D.C. from capture. Ohio National Guard units participated in the battles of Monacacy, Fort Stevens, Harpers Ferry, and in the siege of Petersburg.

## Casualties

The regiment lost 24 men during service; 4 killed or mortally wounded, 1 officer and 19 enlisted men due to disease.

## Commanders

* Colonel Miles J. Saunders
# Psednos micrurus

Psednos micrurus, also known as Barnard's dwarf snailfish, is a species of snailfish found in the south-western Pacific Ocean.

## Size

This species reaches a length of 4.5 cm (1.8 in).
# Maciej Piaszczyński

Maciej Piaszczyński (born 28 May 1989 in Pleszew, Poland) is a former international motorcycle speedway rider from Poland.

## Career

Piaszczyński has represented Poland U-21 national team.

## Results
### World Championships

* Individual U-21 World Championship:
** 2007 - 11th place (4 pts) in Qualifying Round 4
** 2009 - Lost in Domestic Qualifications
* Team U-21 World Championship:
** 2007 - 10 points in Qualifying Round

### European Championships

* Individual U-19 European Championship:
** 2007 - Częstochowa - 16th place (1 pt)

### Domestic competitions

* Individual Polish Championship
** 2008 - 10th place in Quarter-Final 3
** 2009 - 16th place in Quarter-Final 2
* Individual U-21 Polish Championship:
** 2007 - 6th place
** 2008 - 12th in Semi-Final 1
** 2009 - 10th place in Qualifying Round 2
* Team Polish Championship (Polish League):
** 2006 with PSŻ Milion Team Poznań in 3rd division - CMA 6.71
** 2007 with PSŻ Milion Team Poznań 5th place in 2nd division - CMA 5.75
* Polish Silver Helmet (U-21):
** 2007 - Rybnik - 4th place
** 2008 - 10th place in Semi-Final 2
** 2009 - Częstochowa - 16th place (1 pt)
* Polish Bronze Helmet (U-19):
** 2006 - Opole - 7th place
** 2007 - Gorzów Wlkp. - 15th place
** 2008 - Gdańsk - 16th place (3 pts)
* U-21 Individual Championship of Greater Poland:
** 2005 - 2nd place
** 2006 - 5th place
** 2007 - 2nd place
* U-21 Team Championship of Greater Poland:
** 2005 - Champion
** 2007 - Champion
# Maccabi Hadera F.C.

Maccabi Hadera Football Club (Hebrew: מועדון כדורגל מכבי חדרה) was an Israeli football club based at Hadera. The club was merged in 2006 with the rest of Hadera football club to form Ironi Sport Hadera F.C.

## History

The sports club was initially founded in 1914. During the British Mandate of Palestine the team played both friendly matches against local teams and army units' teams and matches in EIFA competitions. The team played in the 1929 Palestine Cup, falling in the first round to Maccabi Hasmonean Jerusalem in the first round. In 1937 the team reached the semi-final, a phase the team reached again only in 1986 when they became the first club to reach the semi-final of the Israel State Cup while playing in the third tier of Israeli football.
The team joined the 1946–47 Liga Bet, and finished the season 9th in the league. After the establishment of the state of Israel the club competed in the second and third tiers, achieving its best position in 1975–76. A season later the team was relegated to the third tier, and never returned to the second tier, although they came close after losing the promotion play-offs in 1982–83 and in 1986–87.
In the 2003–04 season, the club won Liga Alef North division (then the fourth tier) and were promoted to Liga Artzit. However, their budget was not approved by the IFA and as a result, demoted back to Liga Alef and eventually folded. However, in 2006, Maccabi Hadera joined forces with four other clubs, Hapoel Hadera, Hapoel Givat Olga, Hapoel Beit Eliezer and Hapoel Nahliel, as all the football clubs from Hadera merged into one club called Hapoel Ironi Eran Hadera.

## Honours

* Third tier (3):
** 1955–56 Liga Bet North
** 1973–74 Liga Bet North B
** 1986–87 Liga Alef North
* Fourth tier (2):
** 1998–99 Liga Bet North B
** 2003–04 Liga Alef North
# Feroze Khushi

Feroze Isa Nazir Khushi (born 23 June 1999) is an English cricketer. He made his first-class debut on 1 August 2020, for Essex in the 2020 Bob Willis Trophy. He made his Twenty20 debut 20 September 2020, for Essex in the 2020 t20 Blast. He made his List A debut on 8 August 2021, for Essex in the 2021 Royal London One-Day Cup. He made his maiden first-class hundred on 6 September, playing for Essex in the 2022 County Championship.
# 172nd Ohio Infantry Regiment

The 172nd Ohio Infantry Regiment, sometimes 172nd Ohio Volunteer Infantry (or 172nd OVI) was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War.

## Service

The 172nd Ohio Infantry was organized in Cambridge, Ohio, and mustered on May 14, 1864, at Columbus, Ohio, for 100 days service under the command of Colonel John Ferguson.
The regiment spent its entire enlistment engaged in guard government stores at Gallipolis, Ohio.
The 172nd Ohio Infantry mustered out of service September 3, 1864, at Gallipolis.

## Ohio National Guard

Over 35,000 Ohio National Guardsmen were federalized and organized into regiments for 100 days service in May 1864. Shipped to the Eastern Theater, they were designed to be placed in "safe" rear areas to protect railroads and supply points, thereby freeing regular troops for Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant’s push on the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia. As events transpired, many units found themselves in combat, stationed in the path of Confederate Gen. Jubal Early’s veteran Army of the Valley during its famed Valley Campaigns of 1864. Ohio Guard units met the battle-tested foe head on and helped blunt the Confederate offensive thereby saving Washington, D.C. from capture. Ohio National Guard units participated in the battles of Monacacy, Fort Stevens, Harpers Ferry, and in the siege of Petersburg.

## Casualties

The regiment lost 12 enlisted men during service, all due to disease.

## Commanders

* Colonel John Ferguson
# Institute of Linguistics (CASS)

The Institute of Linguistics (CASS), full name Institute of Linguistics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (simplified Chinese: 中国社会科学院语言研究所; traditional Chinese: 中國社會科學院語言研究所; pinyin: Zhōngguó Shèhuì Kēxuéyuàn Yǔyán Yánjiūsuǒ), is the language research institution of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. It was established in June 1950 by the name of "Institute of Linguistics, Chinese Academy of Sciences". In 1977, after the establishment of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, it was renamed the "Institute of Linguistics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences". This institute is the editor of the Xinhua Dictionary and the Contemporary Chinese Dictionary.

## Research offices

The mission of the Institute of Linguistics (CASS) is to study the history and current state of the Chinese language. There are the academic research offices of Chinese Syntax and Semantics, Historical Linguistics I, Historical Linguistics II, Chinese Dialectology, Contemporary Linguistics, Applied Linguistics, Phonetics and Speech Science, as well as the office of Lexicography and the office of Innovative Lexicology and Lexicography.

## Journals

The Institute sponsors three key academic journals, including Zhongguo Yuwen (中国语文; 'Chinese Language', bimonthly, founded in 1952), Dialect (方言, quarterly, founded in 1979) and Contemporary Linguistics (当代语言学, bimonthly, founded in 1961).

## Dictionaries

The Institute is also responsible for the preparation and revision of the Xinhua Dictionary, the Contemporary Chinese Dictionary, and the Large Modern Chinese Dictionary (现代汉语大词典).

## Teaching

The institute is also responsible for teaching work at the College of Humanities of the University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, and offers the majors in Chinese Philology and Linguistics and in Applied Linguistics, leading to the Master of Arts and Doctor of Philosophy degrees. And there are postdoctoral research stations in the institute for Chinese Philology, and Linguistics and Applied Linguistics.
# Reg Conole

Reginald Conole (23 April 1902 – 4 January 1967) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Port Adelaide in the South Australian National Football League (SANFL) and Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
Conole, who was from Gladstone, had a late start to his league career, already 24 when he first started playing for Port Adelaide in 1926. He played his football across half-back or in the ruck and was also a cricketer with the Port Adelaide Cricket Club.
In 1928 he played in Port Adelaide's premiership winning team and missed a chance of going back-to-back the following year when an injury cost him a place in the decider.
Although he joined Melbourne in 1930, the injury kept him out of the side until round nine, but he only missed two more games for the rest of the year. He remained with Melbourne for three more seasons.
He represented South Australia at interstate football on one occasion.
# Sławomir Musielak

Sławomir Musielak (born 3 June 1990) is a former motorcycle speedway rider from Poland.

## Career

Musielak was a member of the Polish junior national team. Musielak finished 2nd in the 2009 Individual Speedway Junior Polish Championship and was third in the 2009 Silver Helmet Final.

## Results
### World Championships

* Individual U-21 World Championship
** 2009 - Lost in Domestic Qualification

### European Championships

* Individual U-19 European Championship
** 2009 - Tarnów - 6th place (9 pts)
* Team U-19 European Championship
** 2009 - Holsted - U-19 European Champion (1 pt)
* European Club Champions' Cup
** 2008 - 4th place in the Semi-Final for Leszno

### Domestic competitions

* Individual Polish Championship
** 2008 - track reserve in the Quarter-Final 4
** 2009 - Toruń - the Final will be on 25 July (as track reserve)
* Individual Speedway Junior Polish Championship
** 2009 - Leszno - Runner-up (13 pts + 2nd in Run-Off)
* Team Polish Championship (League)
** 2006 - for Leszno
** 2007 - did not start
** 2008 - 1st place in Second League for Gniezno (Average 1.297)
** 2009 - for Leszno
* Individual U-21 Polish Championship
** 2008 - 12th place in the Semi-Final 2
** 2009 - the Qualifying Round 3 will be on 15 July
* Team U-21 Polish Championship
** 2008 - Leszno - Polish Champion for Leszno (9 pts)
** 2009 - Toruń - 3rd place (10 pts)
* Silver Helmet (U-21)
** 2008 - Rzeszów - 11th place (6 pts)
** 2009 - Częstochowa - 3rd place (12+2 pts)
* Bronze Helmet (U-19)
** 2008 - Gdańsk - 10th place (6 pts)
** 2009 - Wrocław - 4th place (12 pts)
* Bolesław Chrobry Tournament
** 2008 - Gniezno - did not start as track reserve
# Rob Hemmings

Robert Philip Hemmings (born 28 February 1996) is an English cricketer who most recently played for Derbyshire County Cricket Club. Primarily a right-arm fast-medium bowler, he also bats right handed.
# Physics Forums

Physics Forums is a question and answer Internet forum that allows users to ask, answer and comment on grade-school through graduate-level science questions. In addition, Physics Forums hosts the Insights Blog which is a collaborative blog sourced from verified experts on the community.
Authors of scientific papers have used Physics Forums to write popular explanations of their research. In turn, this forum entries have been referenced by popular science news websites. Notable members and blog authors past and present include John C. Baez, Urs Schreiber, Antony Garrett Lisi. Physics Forums entries have also been cited in scientific papers.

## History

Physics Forums was started as a school project in the spring of 2001 by Greg Bernhardt.
Physics Forums entered content partnerships with Scientific American magazine in 2005.
In 2025, two writers on the blog "Hall of Impossible Dreams" wrote that Physics Forums had been using large language models to generate content, posting it via abandoned user accounts. They wrote that some posts were backdated by over a decade, creating the false impression that the posts were written by humans.

### Awards

Physics Forums won the 2010 “People’s Choice” award for best Q&A online physics community by physics.org.
As of 2023, Physics Forums is ranked 8th on “Aelieve's List of 20 Best Physics Websites”.