OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nicosia Turkish Municipality

Nicosia Turkish Municipality (Turkish: Lefkoşa Türk Belediyesi) is the governing body of North Nicosia province of TRNC. It was established in 1958 and was recognized by Article 173 of the Constitution of the Republic of Cyprus. After 1974 and the Turkish invasion of Cyprus, it became the municipality of North Nicosia. The current mayor is Mehmet Harmancı.

## Mayors of North Nicosia

Below is a list of mayors of the Nicosia Turkish Municipality since its establishment in 1958:
| No | Name Surname | Took office | Left office | Party |
| 1 | Tahsin Gözmen | 1958 | 1961 | |
| 2 | Cevdet Mirata | 1961 | 1962 | |
| 3 | Fuat Celalettin | 1962 | 1969 | |
| 4 | Ziver Bodamyalızade | 1969 | 1976 | |
| 5 | Mustafa Akıncı | 1976 | 1990 | |
| 6 | Burhan Yetkili | 1990 | 1994 | |
| 7 | Şemi Bora | 1994 | 2002 | |
| 8 | Kutlay Erk | 2002 | 2006 | Republican Turkish Party |
| 9 | Cemal Metin Bulutoğluları | 2006 | 11 January 2013 | Democratic Party |
| 10 | Kadri Fellahoğlu | 8 April 2013 | 27 June 2014 | Republican Turkish Party |
| 11 | Mehmet Harmancı | 30 June 2014 | incumbent | Communal Democracy Party |
# Chislet Windmill

Chislet windmill was a Grade II listed smock mill in Chislet, Kent, England. It was built in 1744 and burnt down on 15 October 2005.

## History

The earliest record of a mill at Chislet is from 1666. Chislet windmill was built in 1744. It was marked on Murdoch Mackenzie's map of 1774 and the 1819-43 Ordnance Survey map and subsequent maps. The mill was working until 1916, when the cap and sails blew off in a gale, it is said that the fantail was tied up by the tenant of the Mill House and thus was unable to turn the mill into wind, thus leading to the mill being tailwinded. During the Second World War, Barnes Wallis lived in the Mill House, and watched the tests of the bouncing bomb at nearby Reculver from the top of the mill. The corrugated iron clad tower of the mill, with a simple roof over and retaining its major machinery stood until 15 October 2005 when it was destroyed by fire.
In 2011, a replica mill was built on the site of the old mill as part of a new house.

## Description

Chislet windmill was a three-storey black smock mill on a low brick base, with four spring sails. The mill was winded by a fantail. The mill drove three pairs of millstones. The Wallower, Upright Shaft, Great Spur Wheel and two of the three Stone Nuts were wood, the third Stone Nut was iron.

## Millers

* Anthony May 1765-89
* M May 1795
* Henry Collard 1847
* Jonathan Packer 1862
* John Wootton 1878
* Thomas Wooton
* John Walter Wooton - 1918
References for above:-
# TOZ Penkala

TOZ Penkala (full Croatian: Tvornica olovaka Zagreb, meaning Zagreb pencil factory) is a Croatian manufacturing company of stationery products, based in Zagreb. It is a leading manufacturer of school and office accessories in Central and Southeast Europe. The company's operations were restarted in 2016, after a brief period of inactivity. The end of the company was reported in 2024.

## History

The company was established in 1937, although some sources link its foundation to the earlier Penkala-Edmund Moster & Co.. From a small plant for the manufacture of pencils and pastels has grown into today's modern joint-stock company with a long tradition in the production of school and office accessories.
The tradition of writing utensils in Zagreb reaches to the past thanks to the work of Slavoljub Eduard Penkala, one of the region's leading inventors of 20th century, in 1906. He patented and started with production of mechanical pencil and in 1907 with the fountain pen.
From the initial production of classic writing, the company has expanded the product range of modern products for writing, drawing and painting. New technologies, functionality, high quality and standard have affirmed the TOZ as a reliable partner in business circles in the whole world.
Thanks to the successful collaboration with engineer Krunoslav Penkala, son of Slavoljub Penkala, the company entered the tradition of Penkala in the business and introducing of product under that trademark in 2000 and the change of the company name in 2001.

## Products

Products manufactured by TOZ Penkala included:
| Type | Products |
| Writing implements | Fountain pens, inks, ballpoint pens, refills, graphite pencils |
| Art materials | colored pencils, pastels, temperas, watercolors, modelling clays |
| Office supplies | Correction fluids, adhesives, glue sticks, folders |

## Penala

Penala is Croatian pencil Company founded in December 13, 1967.

### Early 67

The in 1967 the fountain pen was the been in 1990 to 2001.
Stationary from the Early have in 67.

## The Early Pencil Came In Factory

Croatian advert is Marko Bešić. Discovery in Penala Pencil d.o.o. In 1978.
Company is the Pencil from 1969. Then in 2004 the Pencil have basic, wooden, Mechanical and technical pencils from 2001 to 2006 year different types. The company based in Zagreb in 1967.
# Bayshore Bomb Scoring Site

The Bayshore Bomb Scoring Site ("base facility identifier" 26001F) is a Formerly Used Defense Site (FUDS) that was used as a Strategic Air Command radar station for Radar Bomb Scoring. The site was activated in 1963 at Charlevoix, Michigan by Detachment 6 of the 1CEVG's Radar Bomb Scoring Division. Det 6 moved to the site from Ironwood, Michigan,$^*$ and was tracking the 1971 Big Rock Point B-52 crash.
The Bayshore site was rebuilt after a 1967 television fire, closed in 1985.
# Constance Glube

Constance Rachelle Glube, OC ONS (November 23, 1931 – February 15, 2016) was the 21st Chief Justice of Nova Scotia and first female provincial chief justice in Canada.

## Early life

Born Constance Lepofsky in Ottawa, she was the daughter of the late Samuel (1894–1956) and Pearl (Slonensky) Lepofsky (1900–1986). Glube attended McGill University and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1952. In 1955, she graduated from Dalhousie Law School and was called to the bar in 1956.

## Judicial career

In 1982, she was appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Nova Scotia. In 1998 she was appointed Chief Justice of the Nova Scotia Court of Appeal, which included the title of Chief Justice of Nova Scotia. Glube retired effective December 31, 2004, and was replaced by J. Michael MacDonald.
One of the higher profile cases she heard, was for an injunction to halt the Richard Inquiry into the Westray Mine disaster. She ruled, on November 13, 1992, that the Inquiry was unconstitutional, because she viewed it as a criminal investigation that would force deponents to incriminate themselves. This was the first time in Canada a public inquiry was halted before any witnesses were heard. Her ruling was overturned by the Nova Scotia Court of Appeal on January 19, 1993, but did delay the inquiry until all charges went through the court system first.

## Awards

In 1997 she was a recipient of the Frances Fish Women Lawyers Achievement Award. Glube was made an Officer of the Order of Canada in 2006 for her part in serving the community as a legal trailblazer, including becoming the first female chief justice in Canada.
In 2009, the Nova Scotia branch of the Canadian Bar Association established the Contance R. Glube CBA Spirit Award to recognize achievement in law by Nova Scotian women lawyers.

## Death

On February 15, 2016, Glube died in Halifax, Nova Scotia.
# List of mayors of Liestal

This is a list of mayors of Liestal, Basel-Land, Switzerland. The mayor (Stadtpräsident, earlier: Gemeindepräsident) chairs the five-member city council (Stadtrat) of Liestal.
Mayor of Liestal :
| Term | Mayor | Lifespan | Party | Notes |
| 1875–1907 | Johann Jakob Stutz | (1842–1913) | | father of Oscar Stutz |
| 1908–1917 | César Erb | (1857–1931) | | |
| 1917–1923 | Oscar Stutz | (1879–1960) | | |
| 1923–1924 | Heinrich Gysin | (1848–1927) | | |
| 1924–1959 | Paul Brodbeck | (1890–1959) | | father of Hans Brodbeck |
| 1959–1963 | Ernst Mangold | (born 1901) | | |
| 1976–1987 | Hans Brodbeck | (1920–1994) | | |
| 1987–1996 | Jürg Wüthrich | | SPS/PSS | |
| 1996–2004 | Marc Lüthi | | FDP/PRD | |
| 2004–2012 | Regula Gysin | (born 1944) | FDP/PRD | |
| 2012–present | Lukas Ott | (born 1966) | GPS | |
# Critical point (set theory)

In set theory, the critical point of an elementary embedding of a transitive class into another transitive class is the smallest ordinal which is not mapped to itself.
Suppose that $j:N\to M$ is an elementary embedding where $N$ and $M$ are transitive classes and $j$ is definable in $N$ by a formula of set theory with parameters from $N$. Then $j$ must take ordinals to ordinals and $j$ must be strictly increasing. Also $j(\omega )=\omega$. If $j(\alpha )=\alpha$ for all $\alpha <\kappa$ and $j(\kappa )>\kappa$, then $\kappa$ is said to be the critical point of $j$.
If $N$ is V, then $\kappa$ (the critical point of $j$) is always a measurable cardinal, i.e. an uncountable cardinal number κ such that there exists a $\kappa$-complete, non-principal ultrafilter over $\kappa$. Specifically, one may take the filter to be $\{A\mid A\subseteq \kappa \land \kappa \in j(A)\}$, which defines a bijection between elementary embeddings and ultrafilters. Generally, there will be many other <κ-complete, non-principal ultrafilters over $\kappa$. However, $j$ might be different from the ultrapower(s) arising from such filter(s).
If $N$ and $M$ are the same and $j$ is the identity function on $N$, then $j$ is called "trivial". If the transitive class $N$ is an inner model of ZFC and $j$ has no critical point, i.e. every ordinal maps to itself, then $j$ is trivial.
# Cardoso, São Paulo

Cardoso is a municipality in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. As of 2020, the city has a population of 12,349 inhabitants and an area of 639.7 km$^2$.

## History

The municipality was created by state law in 1948.

## Geography

Cardoso belongs to the Mesoregion of São José do Rio Preto.

## Media

In telecommunications, the city was served by Companhia de Telecomunicações do Estado de São Paulo until 1975, when it began to be served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012.
The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).
# Timotesubani monastery

Timotesubani (Georgian: ტიმოთესუბანი) is a medieval Georgian Orthodox Christian monastic complex located at the eponymous village in the Borjomi Gorge, Georgia's Samtskhe-Javakheti region.
The complex consists of a series of structures built between the 11th and 18th centuries, of which the Church of the Dormition is the largest and artistically most exquisite edifice constructed during the "Golden Age" of medieval Georgia under Queen Tamar (r. 1184–1213). A contemporary inscription commemorates the Georgian nobleman Shalva of Akhaltsikhe as a patron of the church.
The church is a domed cross-in-square design built of pink stone, with three apses projecting on the east. Its dome rests upon the two freely standing pillars and ledges of the altar. Later, two – the western and southern – portals were added.
The interior was extensively frescoed in no later than 1220s. The Timotesubani murals are noted for their vivacity and complexity of iconographic program. These frescoes were cleaned and studied by E. Privalova and colleagues in the 1970s and underwent emergency treatment and conservation with aid from the World Monuments Fund and the Samuel H. Kress Foundation in the 2000s.
# Donside Village

Donside Village is a neighbourhood of Tillydrone in Aberdeen, Scotland.

## Location and overview

Donside Village is a suburb of Aberdeen within Electoral Ward 6 and sits between Old Aberdeen, Tillydrone, Seaton Park, and Bridge of Don.

## History

Donside Village occupies the former site of the Donside Paper Mill, which closed in 2001 and was torn down around 2006. Planning permission for a new development was obtained in 2008. It is the location of Scotland's first urban hydro energy scheme.

## Events

The local community of Donside Village is active and regularly hosts events, such as the community theatre production of The River in 2017, and the Summer Fayre held on the second weekend in August. Beehives were sited in 2018 with the honey being harvested and sold in the village.
# Sonatine for Flute and Piano

The Sonatine for Flute and Piano is an early work by the 20th-century French composer Henri Dutilleux, composed and published in 1943. It lasts about 9 minutes and consists of three movements, played without break.

## Overview

The Sonatine for Flute and Piano is one of a series of four test pieces for the Paris Conservatoire that Dutilleux wrote between 1942 and 1951. They were commissioned by then-director Claude Delvincourt. These pieces were intended both to test the technique of the students and provide them with new scores.
Dutilleux was notoriously critical of his early works, including the Sonatine. He once stated that he had never been completely happy that it was played so often but he never withdrew it.
   ... the flute piece is the Sonatine for Flute and Piano, which has been recorded many times abroad, although I have never wanted it to be recorded in France because it doesn’t yet sound really like my music. But I haven’t put any embargo on that.
The work has become a standard of the flute repertoire and has been performed many times by flautists such as Sharon Bezaly, James Strauss and Emmanuel Pahud. As of 2014, it is Dutilleux's most often recorded work.

## Music

The sonatine is structured in 3 sections played without a break.
The first section features a mysterious theme in $^7$ $_8$ contrasting with jagged piano figures. It concludes with a cadenza that provides a transition to the lyrical second section. The last section features rapid exchanges between the flute and the piano before another short but difficult cadenza recalls the themes heard before. A frenzied accelerando played by both instruments concludes the piece.

## Structure

* Allegretto
* Andante
* Animé
# Allobates paleovarzensis

Allobates paleovarzensis, the Amazonian nurse frog, is a species of frog in the family Aromobatidae. It is endemic to Brazil and Colombia.

## Description

The adult male frog measures 18.27 – 22.42 mm in snout-vent length and the adult female frog 18.67 – 21.57 mm. The male frog has a longer head than the female frog. The frog's coloration is cryptic and suited to its lowland forest habitat. The skin of the dorsum is light brown in color, darkest on the head. There are tan dorsolateral stripes. The hind legs are light brown in color with dark brown granules. Some frogs have thin, dark brown stripes on the tibial portion of the back legs and on the back feet. The adult female frog has a yellow throat, chest, and belly. Adult male frogs have a gray-purple throat, a light chest, and melanophores on the vocal sac. Adult frogs have a narrow white stripes that extend from the face to the groin.

## Diet

The adult frogs eat insects. The tadpoles eat plant matter and dead insects. As they become older, tadpoles become increasingly carnivorous.

## Etymology

Scientists named this frog paleovarzensis for the specific paleovárzea habitat in which it lives. The paleovárzeas were once flood plains of the Amazon River, but the tributaries that flow through them now do not flood.

## Habitat

This frog lives in the leaf litter in old-growth rainforests, exclusively in paleovárzea habitats. The streams in the paleovarzeas have more nutrients than other streams. Scientists observed the frog between 40 and 80 meters above sea level.
The frog's range includes at least protected places, Rio Negro Right Bank Environmental Protection Area and the Central Amazon Conservation Complex World Heritage Site.

## Reproduction

The male frog perches on a leaf and calls. He has an advertisement call and another call to attract females. The frogs have been heard calling in the morning and at dusk from October to June. Male frogs are territorial, with larger territories associated with more access to females and more mating success. The female frog lays her eggs on dead leaves, about 29 per clutch. The male frog cares for the eggs, which take about 21 days to hatch. The male frog then carries the tadpoles to pools of water in streams. Scientists observed male frogs carrying as many as 60 tadpoles at the same time, this greatest number for any frog in Allobates. After the male frog moves the tadpoles, he leaves the territory. The tadpoles take 88 days to develop, sometimes longer.
The tadpoles are yellow-brown in color wiht dark brown flecks on their backs, sides, and tails. They have clear bellies. They have a dark brown bar extending from the nose over the eye to the middle of the body.

## Threats

The IUCN classifies this frog as least concern of extinction. In one place, near Manaus, it is subject to deforestation in favor of roads and urbanization. In other places, mining and logging are some issue.

## Original publication

* Lima AP; Caldwell JP; Biavai G; Montanarin A (2010). "A new species of Allobates (Anura: Aromobatidae) from Paleovarzea forest in Amazonas, Brazil". Zootaxa. 2337: 1–17.
# Sainte-Marie-de-Cuines

Sainte-Marie-de-Cuines (French pronunciation:; Arpitan: Senta-Maria-de-Cuéna) is a commune in the Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France.

## Geography
### Climate

Sainte-Marie-de-Cuines has an oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb) closely bordering on a humid subtropical climate (Cfa). The average annual temperature in Sainte-Marie-de-Cuines is 11.9 °C (53.4 °F). The average annual rainfall is 856.4 mm (33.72 in) with December as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in July, at around 21.5 °C (70.7 °F), and lowest in January, at around 2.1 °C (35.8 °F). The highest temperature ever recorded in Sainte-Marie-de-Cuines was 39.2 °C (102.6 °F) on 12 August 2003; the coldest temperature ever recorded was −15.0 °C (5.0 °F) on 5 February 2012.
Climate data for Sainte-Marie-de-Cuines (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1997−present) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 20.3 (68.5) | 21.8 (71.2) | 26.8 (80.2) | 30.9 (87.6) | 32.9 (91.2) | 36.9 (98.4) | 38.9 (102.0) | 39.2 (102.6) | 32.3 (90.1) | 29.2 (84.6) | 24.2 (75.6) | 19.8 (67.6) | 39.2 (102.6) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 6.4 (43.5) | 8.8 (47.8) | 14.1 (57.4) | 18.4 (65.1) | 21.9 (71.4) | 26.2 (79.2) | 28.4 (83.1) | 27.4 (81.3) | 23.1 (73.6) | 17.8 (64.0) | 11.1 (52.0) | 6.6 (43.9) | 17.5 (63.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 2.1 (35.8) | 3.8 (38.8) | 8.2 (46.8) | 12.1 (53.8) | 15.7 (60.3) | 19.6 (67.3) | 21.5 (70.7) | 20.9 (69.6) | 17.0 (62.6) | 12.4 (54.3) | 6.5 (43.7) | 2.5 (36.5) | 11.9 (53.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −2.2 (28.0) | −1.3 (29.7) | 2.2 (36.0) | 5.9 (42.6) | 9.5 (49.1) | 13.0 (55.4) | 14.6 (58.3) | 14.4 (57.9) | 10.9 (51.6) | 6.9 (44.4) | 1.9 (35.4) | −1.5 (29.3) | 6.2 (43.2) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −12.9 (8.8) | −15.0 (5.0) | −12.3 (9.9) | −4.0 (24.8) | −1.4 (29.5) | 1.8 (35.2) | 6.5 (43.7) | 4.9 (40.8) | 1.1 (34.0) | −4.5 (23.9) | −9.7 (14.5) | −13.2 (8.2) | −15.0 (5.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 90.1 (3.55) | 63.0 (2.48) | 73.5 (2.89) | 54.6 (2.15) | 71.1 (2.80) | 61.2 (2.41) | 67.8 (2.67) | 80.4 (3.17) | 57.8 (2.28) | 71.1 (2.80) | 74.9 (2.95) | 90.9 (3.58) | 856.4 (33.72) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 8.4 | 7.0 | 8.4 | 8.1 | 10.6 | 8.7 | 8.5 | 8.8 | 7.0 | 8.4 | 8.7 | 8.5 | 101.0 |
| Source: Météo-France ||||||||||||||
# Izbica massacre

The Izbica massacre (Albanian: Masakra e Izbicës; Serbian: Pokolj u Izbici) was one of the largest massacres of the Kosovo War. Following the war, the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) found that the massacre resulted in the deaths of at least 93 Kosovar Albanians, mostly male non-combatant civilians between the ages of 60 and 70.

## Background

During the Kosovo War, Izbica was considered safe for Kosovar Albanians from neighboring areas to take refuge, partly because of the Kosovo Liberation Army's presence. By 27 March, thousands of Kosovar Albanians from the Drenica region had gathered in Izbica. Most civilians had come after NATO had started its bombing campaign, when Yugoslav government forces began to shell the surrounding area.

## Killings

The shelling of the village of Izbica began during the night of 27 March when a group of at least fifty Yugoslav soldiers, policemen and paramilitaries entered the village. They wore both camouflage and dark blue or black uniforms, and carried long knives. Some wore ski masks and others had their faces blackened with greasepaint.
On 28 March, nearly all of the adult men fled to the mountains, leaving mostly women, children, and old men in the village. In the field of Izbica, thousands of people were crowded that day, almost all women, children, and old people. Only about 150 men were among them. National security forces threatened to kill the villagers and demanded money. After they got the money, they separated the men from the women and children. Women and children were sent to Albania. The men were then executed with automatic weapons. Some women and old men were also executed.

## War crime trials

The Izbica killings were cited in the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) indictment of Slobodan Milošević, and others.
   On, or about, 27 March 1999, FRY and Republic of Serbia forces attacked the village of Izbica. Several thousand village residents took refuge in a meadow outside the village. On, or about, 28 March 1999, forces of the FRY and Serbia surrounded the villagers and then approached them, demanding money. After valuables were stolen by the soldiers and policemen, the men were separated from the women and small children. The men were then further divided into two groups, one of which was sent to a nearby hill, and the other of which was sent to a nearby streambed. Both groups of men were then fired upon by the forces of the FRY and Serbia, and approximately 130 Kosovo Albanian men were killed.
According to Sadik Xhemajli, a KLA fighter from Izbica who recorded the names of victims, 142 Kosovar Albanians from the village were killed between 28 March and 10 May 1999. In 2009, the ICTY ruled that at least 93 people were killed on 28 March, mostly male civilians between the ages of 60 and 70.
# Glenesk railway station

Glenesk railway station served the village of Glenesk, Midothian, Scotland, from 1855 to 1874 on the Dalkeith branch of the Waverley Route.

## History

The station was opened in 1855 by the North British Railway and it was listed as Glenesk Junction in some timetables. It was located as a junction on the Waverley Line with the Dalkeith branch. There were no goods facilities, but there were private sidings located to the north of the station which served Glenesk Colliery Railway. The tracks went over the Glenesk Viaduct, which is still open today. The station closed on 1 November 1874, although it was classed as an unadvertised use until 1886.