OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Love Park (Toronto)

Love Park is a public park located in the South Core of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Developed by Waterfront Toronto, and designed by CCxA, the park is operated by Toronto Parks, Forestry and Recreation. Construction on Love Park began in July 2021, and the park officially opened on June 23, 2023.

## Project site

Love Park's site is the former plot of the York-Bay-Yonge eastbound off-ramp of the Gardiner Expressway. The off-ramp was removed in 2016–2017 to reclaim the space for the community by allowing for the widening of Harbour Street to improve pedestrian and cyclist access to the waterfront. The allotted space is 0.81 hectares (2 acres) in the Financial District of the Toronto harbourfront. The allotted budget for the construction of the park is approximately CA$7 million. The project was planned to break ground in 2019 though due to delays was not started until 2021.

## Design

Love Park was designed by CCxA (formerly Claude Cormier + associes) landscape architects based in Montreal. They worked with gh3*, an architecture firm in Toronto. “The park was designed to be an alter ego for its surroundings of large and reflective glass-clad structures.” The design of Love Park follows a classic design strategy with a central water installation surrounded by lush green spaces. This strategy is reflected in parks and installations around the world and has been utilized for generations. This design strategy is also seen in Natrel Rink, Nathan Phillips Square, and Paul Quarrington Ice Rink and Splash Pad. These are three public spaces that are in close proximity to Love Park and similarly have central water features. Love Park is a continuation of Toronto's efforts to revitalize its harbourfront community and bring green spaces to areas dominated by skyscrapers.

## Features

Love Park has a number of features to augment the space. The largest such feature is the heart-shaped reflecting pool in the middle of the park. According to Cormier, the heart design was inspired by an image he saw on social media following the 2018 Toronto van attack, while the red tile surrounding the pool references mosaics in Park Güell. “Within the reflecting pool it will have a small island with red and pink flowers as well as a large, illuminated heart that will be suspended above.” The reflecting pool will be a central water feature. The park also will have a fully mirrored arcade that creates a functional pavilion that's interior houses a universal washroom and a coffee kiosk for parkgoers to utilize while providing shelter from the elements for a number of seating areas. The pavilion will be a space for residents of the community, people who work in the commercial buildings, and tourists to have a rest, eat lunch, or have a morning coffee while experiencing the park. Love Park also has several clearings and platforms for the display of public art installations and to facilitate small gatherings.
# Engineering education in Sri Lanka

Engineering is the most sought after subject areas among Sri Lankan students. The engineering degrees make up less than 2% of the bachelor's degrees in Sri Lanka.

## Registration

The title of "engineer" is not regulated in Sri Lanka. However, as per the Engineering Council Act No 4 of 2017, all engineering practitioners in Sri Lanka needs to be registered with the engineering council to practice. Failing to do so would result in an offence and can be convicted by a summary trial before a Magistrate with imprisonment period not exceeding one year and/or a fine not exceeding one hundred thousand.

### Categories of registered engineers

Registering engineering practitioners under the categories of;
* Chartered Engineer (CEng) - Chartered Engineer of the Institution of Engineers, Sri Lanka (IESL)
* Associate Engineer (AEng) - Four year Full-time degree in Engineering recognized by IESL or an Associate Member of IESL
* Affiliate Engineer (AflEng) - Three year full-time degree in Engineering recognized by IESL
* Incorporated Engineer (IEng) - Incorporated Engineer of the Institution of Incorporated Engineers, Sri Lanka (IIESL)
* Engineering Diplomate (EngDip) - Diploma in Engineering from a recognized University or Technical or Technological Institute recognized by IIESL
* Engineering Technician (EngTec) - National Vocational Qualification Level IV of Engineering Technology or equivalent qualification recognized by the Tertiary and Vocational Education Commission or one year full-time academic course in Engineering Technology and has gained one year industrial experience in the relevant field or a holder of a Diploma or Certificate in Technology by a University or a Technical or Technological Institute of the Government of Sri Lanka

## Engineering Degrees
### Public Universities

* Faculty of Engineering, University of Peradeniya
* Faculty of Engineering, University of Moratuwa
* Faculty of Engineering Technology, Open University of Sri Lanka
* Faculty of Engineering, University of Ruhuna
* Faculty of Engineering, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University
* Faculty of Engineering, University of Jaffna
* Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Vocational Technology
* Faculty of Engineering, South Eastern University of Sri Lanka
* Faculty of Engineering, University of Sri Jayewardenepura

### Autonomous Institutes

* Faculty of Engineering, Colombo International Nautical and Engineering College
* Faculty of Engineering, SLTC-Research University
* Faculty of Engineering, Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology

## Engineering Diplomas

* Institute of Engineering Technology, National Diploma in Engineering Sciences
* Technical Colleges in Sri Lanka
** Maradana College of Technology
** Technical College Balapitiya
* Institute of Technology, University of Moratuwa
* Ceylon-German Technical Training Institute
* Institute of Higher National Diploma in Engineering
* Sri Lanka Institute of Advanced Technological Education
** Hardy Advanced Technological Institute
# Bedia (village)

Bedia (Georgian: ბედია; Abkhaz: Бедиа) is a village in the Gali Municipality/Tkvarcheli District of Abkhazia, a breakaway region of Georgia. As a result of the Georgian dispute over the sovereignty of Abkhazia, Georgia claims the village as part of its Gali Municipality. As of 2011, the village had a population of 288, of which 85.5% were ethnic Georgians and 13.6% were ethnic Abkhaz, with 2 others living in the village.

## History

According to the medieval Georgian Chronicles, Egros, son of Togarmah, inherited the land between the Likhi Range, Black Sea and upper Khazar River where he settled and found a city Egrisi, which is now called Bedia.
# Department of Industrial Relations (1987–1997)

The Department of Industrial Relations (also called DIR) was an Australian government department that existed between July 1987 and July 1997.

## Scope

Information about the department's functions and government funding allocation could be found in the Administrative Arrangements Orders, the annual Portfolio Budget Statements and in the Department's annual reports.
At its creation, the Department was responsible for the following:
* Industrial relations, including conciliation and arbitration in relation to industrial disputes
* Promotion of sound industrial relations policies, practices and machinery
* Public Service pay and conditions
* Remuneration tribunals

## Structure

The Department was an Australian Public Service department, staffed by officials who were responsible to the Minister for Industrial Relations. The department's central office was located in Canberra, with regional offices in Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide, Brisbane, Perth, Darwin and Tasmania.
# Ormiston Primrose F.C.

Ormiston Primrose Football Club is a senior football club based in Ormiston, East Lothian, currently competing in the East of Scotland League Third Division.
The club was founded in 1890 and amalgamated with former East of Scotland League team Pencaitland in 1999.
Ormiston play their home matches at New Recreation Park, which was completed in 2018 (along with a new changing pavilion) as a replacement to the old Recreation Park which stood on adjacent land and closed a year earlier. In the intervening period, the club used the Hibernian Training Centre located a short distance to the north of Ormiston. An official partnership with professionals Hibernian had already been arranged in 2014 to strengthen the Edinburgh club's presence in the local area and give Ormiston some practical assistance.

## History

Pencaitland, from the nearby village of the same name, were originally founded in 1919. They won the Scottish Amateur Cup in 1984 and then joined the East of Scotland League in 1986, eventually gaining promotion and competing in the Premier Division for four seasons.
Ormiston Primrose were originally founded in the 1890s - they reached the final of the Scottish Junior Cup in 1989 and twice won the East of Scotland Junior Cup.
For a couple of years the club used the name Pencaitland & Ormiston but decided to shorten it to just Ormiston F.C. in 2003, although they retain strong links to Pencaitland. Meanwhile, Pencaitland AFC reformed as a separate amateur club, competing in the Lothian & Edinburgh Amateur Football Association (LEAFA).
Ahead of the 2022–23 season, the club changed their name back to Ormiston Primrose.

## Honours

As Pencaitland
East of Scotland League First Division
* Winners: 1994–95
As Pencaitland & Ormiston
East of Scotland League First Division
* Winners: 2000–01
# São Pedro do Turvo

São Pedro do Turvo is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population is 7,696 (2020 est.) in an area of 731 km$^2$. The elevation is 457 m.

## Media

In telecommunications, the city was served by Companhia de Telecomunicações do Estado de São Paulo until 1973, when it began to be served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012.
The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).
# Georgian Footballer of the Year

Georgian Footballer of the Year is an annual award given to the best Georgian footballer.
The award for an official year is given in summer on the basis of players' performance in a winter league season. The winner is elected by results of a poll conducted among Georgian journalists. From 1993, it is awarded by sports daily newspaper Sarbieli (სარბიელი). Earlier, in 1990 and 1992, another newspaper, Kartuli Pekhburti (ქართული ფეხბურთი), awarded it.
| Year | Footballer | Club |
| 1990 | Temur Ketsbaia | Dinamo Tbilisi |
| 1992 | Mikhail Jishkariani | Tskhumi Sokhumi |
| 1993 | Giorgi Kinkladze | Dinamo Tbilisi |
| 1994 | Shota Arveladze | Trabzonspor |
| 1995 | Akaki Devadze | Rostselmash |
| 1996 | Giorgi Kinkladze | Manchester City |
| 1997 | Temur Ketsbaia | AEK Athens |
| 1998 | Shota Arveladze | Ajax |
| 1999 | Zaza Janashia | Lokomotiv Moscow |
| 2000 | Levan Kobiashvili | Freiburg |
| 2001 | Kakha Kaladze | Milan |
| 2002 | Kakha Kaladze | Milan |
| 2003 | Kakha Kaladze | Milan |
| 2004 | Aleksandr Iashvili | Freiburg |
| 2005 | Levan Kobiashvili | Schalke 04 |
| 2006 | Kakha Kaladze | Milan |
| 2007 | Shota Arveladze | AZ |
| 2008 | Aleksandr Iashvili | Karlsruhe |
| 2009 | Jano Ananidze | Spartak Moscow |
| 2010 | Giorgi Merebashvili | Vojvodina |
| 2011 | Kakha Kaladze | Genoa |
| 2012 | Guram Kashia | Vitesse Arnhem |
| 2013 | Guram Kashia | Vitesse Arnhem |
| 2014 | Saba Kvirkvelia | Rubin Kazan |
| 2015 | Jaba Kankava | Reims |
| 2016 | Tornike Okriashvili | Krasnodar |
| 2017 | Saba Kvirkvelia | Lokomotiv Moscow |
| 2018 | Giorgi Chakvetadze | KAA Gent |
| 2019 | Jaba Kankava | FC Tobol |
| 2020 | Khvicha Kvaratskhelia | Rubin Kazan |
| 2021 | Khvicha Kvaratskhelia | Rubin Kazan |
| 2022 | Khvicha Kvaratskhelia | Napoli |
| 2023 | Khvicha Kvaratskhelia | Napoli |
| 2024 | Giorgi Mamardashvili | Valencia |
# Jefferson Township, Jackson County, Kansas

Jefferson Township is a township in Jackson County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2000 census, its population was 494.

## History

Jefferson Township was formed in 1858.

## Geography

Jefferson Township covers an area of 36.39 square miles (94.26 square kilometers); of this, 0.04 square miles (0.11 square kilometers) or 0.12 percent is water.

### Communities

* Circleville

### Adjacent townships

* Wetmore Township, Nemaha County (north)
* Liberty Township (east)
* Franklin Township (southeast)
* Banner Township (south)
* Grant Township (southwest)
* Soldier Township (west)
* Reilly Township, Nemaha County (northwest)

### Cemeteries

The township contains one cemetery, Circleville.
# Meenuliyan Para

Meenuliyan Para is a prominent mountain peak located near Thodupuzha in the Idukki district of Kerala, India. Characterized by a massive rock formation that rises over 4000 feet, the mountain is named for the fish-scale appearance of its rocky surface. The peak hosts approximately two acres of evergreen forest at its summit.
Situated around 47 kilometers from Muvattupuzha and 51 kilometers from Thodupuzha, Meenuliyan Para is accessible only by a 3 kilometer pedestrian trail starting from Pattayakkudy in Vannappuram Panchayat. Clear weather offers expansive views of the surrounding landscape, including the Periyar region, Bhoothathankettu dam, and parts of Ernakulam and Thrissur districts.
# Noble Silence

Noble Silence is a term attributed to the Gautama Buddha, for his reported responses to certain questions about reality. One such instance is when he was asked the fourteen unanswerable questions. In similar situations he often responded to antinomy-based descriptions of reality by saying that both antithetical options presented to him were inappropriate.
A specific reference to noble silence in Buddha's teaching involved an occasion where Buddha forbade his disciples from continuing a discussion, saying that in such congregation the discussion of the sacred doctrine is proper or practicing noble silence. This does not indicate misology or disdain for philosophy on the Buddha's part. Rather, it indicates that he viewed these questions as not leading to true knowledge.

## Pali Canon

While silence is generally thought to be something observable on the outside of a person, an external state, whether they are talking, in the Pali Canon noble is an internal state which is synonymous with jhana.
"But what is noble silence?' Then the thought occurred to me, 'There is the case where a monk, with the stilling of directed thoughts & evaluations, [1] enters & remains in the second jhāna: rapture & pleasure born of concentration, unification of awareness free from directed thought & evaluation — internal assurance. This is called noble silence.'"
Of the eight jhanas, in the second jhana is when the inner dialog goes silent during meditation.

## Concept

Noble silence requires an understanding of the Buddhist conceptualization of noble. It is described as something or someone who has united three aspects of his being, namely: body, speech, and mind. Such a union provides individuals the awareness of their whole body and understanding who they are and, in the process, allow others to be who they are as well. It is, thus, not merely the absence of speaking because sometimes not talking cannot be considered noble. This is said to lead to a subsiding of thought and examination so that a bhikkhu can enter and dwell in the second jhana, a meditative state characterized by internal confidence and a unified mind.
An interpretation also noted that noble silence is not about silence for silence sake. Rather, it is an injunction if the primary ideal of conversing about the Dhamma is not met. If the disciples cannot do so, then they are encouraged to pursue noble silence - one that requires the attainment of second absorption. One account also cited how Buddha used noble silence when he was asked a question, opting to discuss another topic, which he deemed more significant to the questioner.
In Vipassana Meditation, the noble silence covers a period of nine to ten days and this includes the so-called silence in deed, which means no gestures or the use of communication tools such as mobile phones, computer, and the Internet.
# Andrew Gray (lawyer)

Andrew Philip Gray (born 1979) is a British lawyer, businessman, and political activist. In June 2023, he became one of the world's first political candidates to use a form of artificial intelligence to set his manifesto pledges when standing as an independent candidate in the July 2023 Selby and Ainsty by-election.

## Election campaign

In June 2023, Gray announced he would be running as a candidate in the Selby and Ainsty by-election, stating an intention to be the first UK Member of Parliament to be "powered by AI".
The basis of this claim was Gray's widely reported use of an AI tool called Polis, "a real-time system for gathering, analyzing and understanding what large groups of people think in their own words, enabled by advanced statistics and machine learning."
At the time of Gray's campaign, Polis had already been used within a political context, most notably by the Taiwanese government to inform policy agendas. Gray himself had been using the system since January 2022 to assist with the resolution of issues local to Harrogate, including controversial plans to expand Harrogate Spring Water's bottling plant into local woodland.
However, Gray's July 2023 election campaign is the first recorded instance of a political candidate using an AI-powered system to set their manifesto.
During the campaign, the system received between 7,500 and 8,000 votes "cast by 275 people in 46 Polis discussion groups."
Gray's campaign was ultimately unsuccessful. Labour Party candidate Keir Mather won the seat with a 46% share of the vote.
Gray promised to turn over the data gathered through the Polis system to the victorious candidate.
Keegan McBride of the Oxford Internet Institute dismissed Gray's campaign as part of a prevalent "techno-utopian type view on democracy", adding that "democracy isn't going to be fixed by a new technology or a new digital system or artificial intelligence or anything like that, because it's not a technological problem. It's a sociological one."
After the campaign, Gray himself admitted that the concept was 'new fangled' to most people and had caused confusion amongst constituents, stating that people messaging him often thought he was a bot.

## Other activism

In 2022, Gray brought a discrimination claim under the Equality Act 2010 against Nuffield Health, seeking the implementation of lower gym fees for people with disabilities. As a result of the claim, Nuffield announced they would establish an independent committee to assess applications by people with disabilities for reduced rates.
In October 2021, Gray joined a campaign to remove Philip Allott from his role as North Yorkshire Police, Fire and Crime Commissioner, following comments made by Allott in relation to the murder of Sarah Everard. Allott resigned on 14 October 2021.

## Personal life

Gray is a Quaker. Truth Legal, a law firm founded by Gray in 2012, is listed as a Quaker business.
# Hostarius

The Hostarius (alternatively, Usher, Doorward or Durward) was an office in medieval Scotland. Its holders who eventually became hereditary, had the theoretical responsibility of guarding the king's door, thereby protecting the king's property. This is a list of hostarii.
* Malcolm de Molle, uncle of Alan fitz Walter, 2nd High Steward of Scotland
* Jocelin, reign of William the Lion
* Thomas de Lundin (son of Máel Coluim son of Gille Críst, Earl of Mar), d. 1231
* Alan Durward (son of Thomas), d. 1275
The family of "Durward" (a later name for hostarius) may have held the office hereditarily after Thomas of Lundie, and certainly kept the title as a surname (in Norman French, l'Ussier ("the Usher"); in English, Durward). However, by the second half of the 13th century, the office was no longer hereditary. This led to many individuals serve as hostarii during this period. Unlike many other hereditary royal office holders, the "Durward" family were not of Anglo-Norman or French origin but native Gaelic origin. It was a sept of the native comital dynasty of Mar.
# Sirloin steak

In American butchery, the sirloin steak (called the rump steak in British butchery) is cut from the sirloin, the subprimal posterior to the short loin where the T-bone, porterhouse, and club steaks are cut. The sirloin is divided into several types of steak. The top sirloin is the most prized of these and is specifically marked for sale under that name. The bottom sirloin, which is less tender and much larger, is typically marked for sale simply as "sirloin steak". The bottom sirloin, in turn, connects to the sirloin tip roast.
In a common British, South African, and Australian butchery, the word sirloin refers to cuts of meat from the upper middle of the animal, similar to the American short loin, while the American sirloin is called the rump. Because of this difference in terminology, in these countries, the T-bone steak is regarded as a cut of the sirloin.

## Etymology

The word sirloin derives from the Middle English surloine, itself derived from the Old French word surloigne (variant of surlonge), that is, sur for 'above' and longe for 'loin'. In Modern French, the cut of meat is called aloyau or faux-filet.
A fictitious etymology explains the name as being derived from an occasion when a king of England knighted the loin of beef as "Sir loin". In fact, though the pun is reported as early as 1630, and the notion of a king knighting it dates to 1655, the name predates any of the kings who are mentioned. The story at most influenced the spelling sir rather than sur.
# Shukto

Shukto (Bengali: শুক্তো) is a popular vegetable dish in Bengali cuisine usually served with rice in the West Bengal state of India and in the neighbouring country Bangladesh. It has slightly bitter taste and is especially served in the banquets of Bengali social ceremonies like Annaprasana, Sraddhya or Bengali Wedding as a part of traditional Bengali thali.
Shukto has numerous different variations and can be prepared in different ways.
The tradition of starting a meal by consuming bitters, considered to have a medicinal value, dates back to the ancient times and was promoted by the authors of Ayurveda. Shukto was consumed as a cooling agent in the hot and humid climates of the ancient kingdoms of undivided Bengal like Anga, Vanga. In Kalinga aka present day Odisha, a similar vegetable stew called Santuḷa is very popular. Shukto is also mentioned in Mangal-Kāvya, written during the medieval period and in the biographies of Sri Chaitanya.

## Variations

Dudh Shukto is a popular variant which is prepared with milk to alleviate the bitter taste of the dish.
Some variants are made with fish of different sizes. Such variants of Shukto typically use turmeric which is usually absent in the vegetarian variants. Some of the variants even exclude the bitter vegetables and are prepared with fenugreek seeds instead, to preserve the bitterness.
# Aero Adventure Pegasus

The Aero Adventure Pegasus is a small civil utility aircraft currently under development in the United States for sale as a kitplane. Of conventional monoplane configuration and composite construction, the Pegasus will seat its pilot and passenger in tandem and be available with a choice of two different wings, a longer wing for extended range, and a shorter wing for increased maneuverability.

## Specifications (as designed, long wing)

General characteristics
* Crew: 1
* Capacity: 1 passenger
* Length: 20 ft 0 in (6.09 m)
* Wingspan: 23 ft 0 in (7.01 m)
* Height: 8 ft 0 in (2.44 m)
* Wing area: 62 sq ft (5.8 m$^2$)
* Empty weight: 400 lb (181 kg)
* Gross weight: 2,756 lb (1,250 kg)
* Powerplant: 1 × Rotax 914 4-cylinder air-cooled horizontally-opposed piston engine, 115 hp (86 kW)
Performance
* Maximum speed: 248 kn (285 mph, 459 km/h)
* Range: 1,900 nmi (2,200 mi, 3,500 km)
* Service ceiling: 20,000 ft (6,100 m)
* Rate of climb: 800.6 ft/min (4.067 m/s)