# Party of Democratic Action

The Party of Democratic Action (Bosnian: Stranka demokratske akcije; abbr. SDA) is a Bosniak nationalist, conservative political party in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## History

The Party of Democratic Action (SDA) was founded on 26 May 1990 in Sarajevo, as a "party of Muslim cultural-historic circle". It was a realisation of Alija Izetbegović's idea of an Islamic religious and national party in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Many members of the Islamic Community in Bosnia and Herzegovina, including imams, took part in the party's foundation. Alija, who was chosen as its chairman, tried to resolve disputes between the Muslim nationalist Islamists led by Omer Behmen and the left-wing Muslims led by Adil Zulfikarpašić. The party has its roots in the old Yugoslav Muslim Organization, a conservative Muslim party in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. Yugoslav Muslim Organization was a successor of Muslimanska Narodna Organizacija (Muslim National Organization), a conservative Muslim party founded in 1906 during the Austro-Hungarian era. The Muslim National Organization was itself a successor of the conservative Muslim "Movement for waqf and educational autonomy" (Pokret za vakufsko-mearifsku autonomiju) that goes back to 1887.
The SDA achieved considerable success in elections after the breakup of Yugoslavia in the early 1990s. It founded the newspaper Ljiljan. The party remains the strongest political party among the Bosniak population in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
In November 2000, the party was defeated by the Social Democratic Party and other parties gathered into the "Alliance for Change", and found itself in opposition for the first time since its creation. After the 2022 general election, the SDA became once again the largest party in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The party has branches in Slovenia, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Croatia and the Sandžak region of Serbia. One of the goals of the party, outside Bosnia and Herzegovina, is to represent and defend the interests of Bosniaks and other Muslim South Slavs in the entire Balkan region. In Montenegro, the SDA merged with smaller Bosniak and Slavic Muslim parties to create the Bosniak Party.
The party is an observer member of the European People's Party (EPP).

## Ideology

The Party of Democratic Action is the primary stronghold for right-orientated Bosniaks, especially for nationalists, and conservatives, and thus they have been described as national-conservative. The party has been also described as secularist by some researchers. Islamist and Pan-Islamist ideologies exist in the party but tends to represent itself mainly among the elite apparatus of the party. The party supports the centralization of the government of Bosnia and Herzegovina. On foreign stances they also tend to be atlanticist and supportive of the accession of Bosnia and Herzegovina to NATO and the European Union.

## List of presidents

| Name | Name | Term of Office |
| 1 | Alija Izetbegović | 1990–2001 |
| 2 | Sulejman Tihić | 2001–2014 |
| 3 | Bakir Izetbegović | 2014–present |

## Elections
### Parliamentary Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina :
| Year | Leader | # | Popular vote | % | Seats won | Government |
| 1990 | Alija Izetbegović | 1st | 711,075 | 31.48 | 86 / 240 | Coalition |
Parliamentary Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina :
| Year | Leader | # | Popular vote | % | HoR | Seat change | HoP | Seat change | Government |
| 1996 | Alija Izetbegović | 1st | 909,970 | 37.92 | 19 / 42 | New | 5 / 15 | New | Coalition |
| 1998 | Alija Izetbegović | 1st | 583,895 | 33.83 | 13 / 42 | 6 | 3 / 15 | 2 | Coalition |
| 2000 | Alija Izetbegović | 1st | 279,548 | 18.76 | 8 / 42 | 5 | 2 / 15 | 1 | Opposition |
| 2002 | Sulejman Tihić | 1st | 269,427 | 21.92 | 10 / 42 | 2 | 4 / 15 | 2 | Coalition |
| 2006 | Sulejman Tihić | 2nd | 238,475 | 16.89 | 9 / 42 | 1 | 3 / 15 | 1 | Coalition |
| 2010 | Sulejman Tihić | 3rd | 214,300 | 13.05 | 7 / 42 | 2 | 3 / 15 | 0 | Coalition (2010–2012) |
| 2010 | Sulejman Tihić | 3rd | 214,300 | 13.05 | 7 / 42 | 2 | 3 / 15 | 0 | Opposition (2012–2014) |
| 2014 | Bakir Izetbegović | 1st | 305,715 | 18.73 | 10 / 42 | 3 | 3 / 15 | 0 | Coalition |
| 2018 | Bakir Izetbegović | 1st | 281,754 | 17.01 | 9 / 42 | 1 | 3 / 15 | 0 | Coalition |
| 2022 | Bakir Izetbegović | 1st | 273,545 | 17.23 | 9 / 42 | 0 | 2 / 15 | 1 | Opposition |

### Parliament of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Parliament of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina :
| Year | Leader | # | Popular vote | % | HoR | Seat change | HoP | Seat change | Government |
| 1996 | Alija Izetbegović | 1st | 725,810 | 54.34 | 78 / 140 | New | 27 / 65 | New | Coalition |
| 1998 | Alija Izetbegović | 1st | 456,458 | 49.20 | 68 / 140 | 10 | 26 / 72 | 1 | Coalition |
| 2000 | Alija Izetbegović | 1st | 232,674 | 26.81 | 38 / 140 | 30 | 11 / 81 | 15 | Opposition |
| 2002 | Sulejman Tihić | 1st | 234,923 | 33.57 | 32 / 98 | 6 | 11 / 58 | | Coalition |
| 2006 | Sulejman Tihić | 1st | 218,365 | 25.45 | 28 / 98 | 4 | 9 / 58 | 2 | Coalition |
| 2010 | Sulejman Tihić | 2nd | 206,926 | 20.22 | 23 / 98 | 5 | 9 / 58 | | Coalition |
| 2014 | Bakir Izetbegović | 1st | 275,728 | 27.79 | 29 / 98 | 6 | 10 / 58 | 1 | Coalition |
| 2018 | Bakir Izetbegović | 1st | 252,817 | 25.25 | 27 / 98 | 2 | 9 / 58 | 1 | Coalition |
| 2022 | Bakir Izetbegović | 1st | 238,111 | 24.40 | 26 / 98 | 1 | 13 / 80 | 4 | Opposition |

### Presidency elections

Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina :
| Election year | # | Candidate | Votes | % | Representing | Elected? |
| 1996 | 1st | Alija Izetbegović | 730,592 | 80.0% | Bosniaks | Yes |
| 1998 | 1st | Alija Izetbegović | 511,541 | 86.8% | Bosniaks | Yes |
| 2002 | 1st | Sulejman Tihić | 192,661 | 37.2% | Bosniaks | Yes |
| 2006 | 2nd | Sulejman Tihić | 153,683 | 27.5% | Bosniaks | No |
| 2010 | 1st | Bakir Izetbegović | 162,831 | 34.8% | Bosniaks | Yes |
| 2014 | 1st | Bakir Izetbegović | 247,235 | 32.8% | Bosniaks | Yes |
| 2018 | 1st | Šefik Džaferović | 212,581 | 36.6% | Bosniaks | Yes |
| 2022 | 2nd | Bakir Izetbegović | 214,412 | 37.3% | Bosniaks | No |

### Cantonal elections

| Cantonal election | Cantonal Assembly | Cantonal Assembly | Cantonal Assembly | Cantonal Assembly | Cantonal Assembly | Cantonal Assembly | Cantonal Assembly | Cantonal Assembly | Cantonal Assembly | Cantonal Assembly | Cantonal Assembly |
| Cantonal election | Una-Sana | Posavina | Tuzla | Zenica-Doboj | Bosnian Podrinje Goražde | Central Bosnia | Herzegovina-Neretva | West Herzegovina | Sarajevo | Canton 10 | Total won / Total contested |
| 1996 | 39 / 50 | 3 / 20 | 33 / 50 | 40 / 59 | 26 / 31 | 29 / 55 | 19 / 50 | 0 / 31 | 28 / 45 | 2 / 15 | 219 / 406 |
| 1998 | 33 / 50 | 5 / 30 | 26 / 50 | 29 / 50 | 21 / 31 | 22 / 50 | 18 / 50 | 0 / 31 | 25 / 45 | 4 / 30 | 183 / 417 |
| 2000 | 13 / 30 | 2 / 19 | 12 / 35 | 13 / 35 | 8 / 25 | 8 / 28 | 5 / 28 | 0 / 21 | 8 / 35 | 2 / 23 | 71 / 279 |
| 2002 | 14 / 30 | 2 / 21 | 16 / 35 | 20 / 35 | 12 / 25 | 10 / 30 | 7 / 30 | 0 / 23 | 15 / 35 | 2 / 25 | 98 / 289 |
| 2006 | 12 / 30 | 2 / 21 | 12 / 35 | 13 / 35 | 9 / 25 | 8 / 30 | 6 / 30 | 0 / 23 | 10 / 35 | 2 / 25 | 74 / 289 |
| 2010 | 7 / 30 | 2 / 21 | 10 / 35 | 10 / 35 | 6 / 25 | 6 / 30 | 5 / 30 | 0 / 23 | 7 / 35 | 2 / 25 | 55 / 289 |
| 2014 | 10 / 30 | 3 / 21 | 13 / 35 | 11 / 35 | 6 / 25 | 8 / 30 | 7 / 30 | 0 / 23 | 10 / 35 | 2 / 25 | 70 / 289 |
| 2018 | 9 / 30 | 2 / 21 | 9 / 35 | 11 / 35 | 5 / 25 | 10 / 30 | 8 / 30 | 0 / 23 | 10 / 35 | 2 / 25 | 66 / 289 |
| 2022 | 8 / 30 | 3 / 21 | 13 / 35 | 11 / 35 | 5 / 25 | 11 / 30 | 7 / 30 | 0 / 23 | 7 / 35 | 2 / 25 | 67 / 289 |