OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Battle of Yan'an

After World War II, Hu Zongnan battled the Chinese Communist Party and in the early stage of the struggle, was successful in the Battle of Yan'an capturing Yan'an, the capital of the communist base in Shaanxi.
Yan'an became the capital of the Chinese Communist Party after the Xi'an Incident in 1936. It became famous in this role during the Sino-Japanese War and throughout World War II, until its capture in 1947. (Before taking over Yan'an, Mao had been based at Bao'an.)
In 1947, there was only minimal communist resistance, as most of the communists had already fled in advance in a strategic withdrawal to lure Hu to the Northwest.
With the outbreak of full-scale civil war between the Communists and Nationalists in early 1947, Xi Zhongxun remained in northwestern China to coordinate the protection and then recapture of the Yan'an Soviet Area. As political commissar, Xi and commander Zhang Zongxun defeated the Nationalists west of Yan'an at the Battle of Xihuachi in March 1947. After Yan'an fell to Hu Zongnan on March 19, 1947, Xi worked on the staff of Peng Dehuai in the battles to retake Yan'an and capture northwest China.
Many high-level Communist leaders were forced to flee their lost capital, and Chiang Kai-shek declared final victory.
KMT forces were only able to hold Yan'an for about a week, and PLA forces rapidly recaptured it. The KMT commitment to conventional-style warfare with a focus on capturing fixed political capitals as objectives, immobilized a large KMT army in the useless Northwest front, making them impotent for the more important mobile campaigns in the East.
The famous picture of Mao, often erroneously attributed to the Long March, is actually of Mao leading the march to Northern Shaanxi in 1947.
# Steve Barnett (politician)

Steven Joseph Barnett (born September 8, 1978) is an American Republican politician who served as the Secretary of State of South Dakota from 2019 to 2022. He previously served as state auditor of South Dakota from 2011 to 2019.

## Biography

Barnett graduated from Roncalli High School in Aberdeen, South Dakota, from where he is a native. He is the grandson of Joseph H. Barnett, who served as Speaker of the South Dakota House of Representatives in 1975 and 1976.
Barnett graduated with a bachelor's degree from the University of South Dakota and with a master's degree from the University of Sioux Falls. He served as a Constituent Services Representative for Senator John Thune from 2005 until 2010.
Barnett was first elected auditor in 2010, defeating Democratic state senator Julie Bartling with 61% of the vote. He was reelected in 2014, defeating Libertarian Kurt Evans with 80% of the vote.
Barnett was elected Secretary of State of South Dakota in 2018. Barnett ran for a second term in 2022, but lost the nomination at a party convention to Monae Johnson. Barnett resigned from office early to return to the private sector.

## Personal life

Barnett and his wife, Nicole, have 3 children: Emma, Henry, and William.
# 1948 Wigan by-election

The 1948 Wigan by-election of 4 March 1948 was held after the death of the incumbent Labour MP, William Foster.
The by-election was contested by four candidates: Ronald Williams (Labour), Harold Dowling (Conservative), Thomas Rowlandson (Communist), and Owen L Roberts (King's Cavalier). Roberts was an ex-RAF Pathfinder observer fighting the election "for the peace and prosperity of the country."
The result was a hold for the Labour Party, with Williams gaining 59.1% of the vote, in spite of a 6.5% swing to the Conservative Party.

## Result of the by-election

Wigan by-election, 1948 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Ronald Williams | 28,941 | 59.1 | 9.1 |
| | Conservative | Harold Dowling | 17,466 | 35.6 | 3.8 |
| | Communist | Thomas Rowlandson | 1,647 | 3.7 | New |
| | King's Cavalier | Owen L Roberts | 932 | 1.6 | New |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 11,475 | 23.4 | 12.9 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 48,986 | | |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | 6.5 | |

## Result of the previous General Election

General election 1945: Wigan :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | William Foster | 31,392 | 68.2 | 6.9 |
| | Conservative | Evelyn Charles Lacy Hulbert-Powell | 14,666 | 31.8 | 6.9 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 16,726 | 36.4 | 13.8 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 46,058 | 80.4 | 1.3 |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | 6.9 | |
# Prince Tsunenaga

Prince Tsunenaga (恒良親王, Tsunenaga-shinnō) (1324 – May 5, 1338) was one of the sons of Japanese Emperor Go-Daigo. He became involved in the Nanboku-chō wars between the true Imperial line and the Ashikaga clan.
In 1336, Tsunenaga was sent along with his brother Takanaga to be escorted by Nitta Yoshisada to Echizen Province where, it was hoped, they could escape the attacks of the Ashikaga. According to the epic Taiheiki, Tsunenaga was secretly made heir-apparent before he left, but no other documents confirm this. In fact, in November of that year, his brother Narinaga was officially named Crown Prince.
Fleeing the Ashikaga, Nitta brought the Princes away from Yoshino, where the Southern Court of Go-Daigo was based, towards Tsuruga in Echizen. They eventually made it to the castle of Kanagasaki. In January 1337 the castle came under siege, and by April those inside were reduced to eating horseflesh to survive before the gates were stormed. Tsunenaga escaped from the castle, but was captured and killed soon afterwards.$^{:63–64}$
# SB-221284

SB-221284 is a selective serotonin 5-HT$_{2C}$ and 5-HT$_{2B}$ receptor antagonist which is used in scientific research.
Its affinities (K$_i$) are 2.2 to 2.5 nM for the serotonin 5-HT$_{2C}$ receptor, 2.5 to 12.6 nM for the serotonin 5-HT$_{2B}$ receptor, and 398 to 550 nM for the serotonin 5-HT$_{2A}$ receptor (where it is also an antagonist). The drug has 160- to 250-fold selectivity for the serotonin 5-HT$_{2C}$ receptor over the serotonin 5-HT$_{2A}$ receptor. It is said to have been the first serotonin 5-HT$_{2C}$ receptor ligand to show 100-fold selectivity over the serotonin 5-HT$_{2A}$ receptor.
SB-221284 has shown anxiolytic-like effects in animals. Conversely, it has been said to be inactive in terms of antidepressant-like, antiobsessional-like, antipanic-like, and sedative effects. It also showed no proconvulsant or hyperphagic effects in animals, phenotypes that are notably observed with serotonin 5-HT$_{2C}$ receptor knockout.
The preferential serotonin 5-HT$_{2C}$ receptor agonist meta-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP) and the serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine have been found to acutely reduce social interaction in rodents. SB-221284 was found to reverse the acute decreases in social interaction produced by mCPP and fluoxetine. The drug has also been found to block mCPP-induced hypolocomotion. Both SB-221284 and the selective serotonin 5-HT$_{2C}$ receptor antagonist SB-242084 have been found to enhance the nucleus accumbens dopamine release and hyperlocomotion induced by NMDA receptor antagonists like phencyclidine (PCP) and dizocilpine (MK-801). Conversely, both drugs had no effect on locomotor activity or dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens by themselves. However, another study reported that SB-221284 by itself did enhance locomotion.
SB-221284 was first described in the scientific literature by 1996. It was researched by GlaxoSmithKline as a possible non-sedating anxiolytic and reached the preclinical research stage of development. However, it was found to be a potent inhibitor of a number of human cytochrome P450 enzymes (particularly CYP1A2), which precluded further development of the drug. Other sources have stated that SB-221284 was not further developed due to "toxicity" and that other drugs were pursued instead as SB-221284 was a "fairly weak" serotonin 5-HT$_{2C}$ receptor antagonist.
# Doug Carlston

Douglas Gene Carlston (born April 30, 1947 in Boston, Massachusetts) is the founder and CEO of Tawala Systems based in San Rafael, California. He was previously CEO, chairman, and co-founder of Broderbund Software, a software publishing firm that produced Lode Runner, The Print Shop, Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiego?, Prince of Persia, and Myst. Broderbund was acquired in 1998 by The Learning Company (the company previously known as SoftKey) for $420 million, and the combined company was sold to Mattel for $3.6 billion.

## Biography

Carlston received his bachelor's degree from Harvard University in 1970 and also studied economics at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies. He earned a J.D. from Harvard Law School in 1975. Prior to founding Broderbund in 1980, he was an attorney. As of February 1994 Carlston owned 18% of the company.
He has served as chairman of Public Radio International (PRI) and of the Carlston Family Foundation (formerly the Broderbund Foundation), and on the boards of the MoveOn Political Action Committee, the Ploughshares Fund, the Albanian American Enterprise Fund, A.H. Belo Corporation, and the Long Now Foundation. He has also served on the Committee on University Resources of Harvard University, and the board of advisors of the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies.
In March 2014, Carlston donated company records, design documents, and games from Broderbund's history to The National Museum of Play.
# Eisbock milk

Eisbock milk is a condensed milk drink. It is produced using low temperature filtration technology that physically purifies milk by removing part of its water content, the idea which is inspired by a type of strong beer from Germany.

## History

The process for hand-making fresh condensed milk was first attempted by Canadian barista Ben Put during the World Barista Championship in 2017. During the Chinese selection stage of the following year’s competition, barista Pang Hui attempted the same technique, eventually passing on the technique to fellow barista Pan Zhimin, who used it to compete in the world championship.
After the competition, hand-making condensed milk was used to prepare milk coffee at coffee shops around China. After discovering it in coffee and tea shops in 2018, a Chinese company named BeFood (Shanghai Biru Foods Co., Ltd.) developed ways to mass-produce this type of fresh condensed milk and started to call it Bingboke (冰博克, "Ice Bock") in Chinese. BeFood officially launched its Eisbock product line in 2019. In 2020, beverage companies Hey Tea and Lele Tea developed milk tea products using Bingboke.

## Product details

Eisbock milk is purified twice so the milk contains less water content and a higher concentration of milk protein and calcium. Since the size of particles in milk is different, the combination of filters can separate the particles including water, protein and so on.
Eisbock’s milk protein content can be as high as 6.2/100 ml with a calcium content as high as 210 mg/100 ml.
The taste can be described as sweet and mellow. It is thicker, sweeter, and creamier than regular fresh milk.
Eisbock milk is a common ingredient in “Dirty Coffee,” a coffee drink that consists of espresso layered on Eisbock milk. Dirty Coffee is achieved by carefully pouring hot and robust espresso onto chilled Eisbock milk. As the hot espresso intermingles with the pristine Eisbock milk, it gradually permeates through, resulting in an aesthetically captivating and slightly disheveled presentation, which accounts for its name. Served in a transparent glass, this visually appealing concoction allows the consumer to appreciate the artistic blend before savoring the creamy and indulgent flavors of the coffee.
# Frank H. Buhl Mansion

Frank H. Buhl Mansion, or Buhl Mansion, is a historic home located in Sharon, Pennsylvania, United States, that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

## Description

The mansion was built in 1891 for the Buhl family, which owned the Sharon Iron Works. The ashlar sandstone residence has 2+1⁄2 storeys. Noted Youngstown architect Charles Henry Owsley (1846–1935) designed it in the Richardsonian Romanesque style. The mansion features round arches, steep gable wall dormers, an inset porch with heavy arches, stone finials, and several turrets with copper capped spires. Although the house had been converted to apartments, it was restored. It currently operates as a bed and breakfast and wedding venue.

## History

Yale-educated Frank H. Buhl (1848-1918) had returned in 1887 from Detroit, Michigan to help his father run the Iron Works, and in the following year, the Iron Works became Mercer County's largest employer. Buhl founded the Buhl Steel Company in 1896, which three years later merged into the National Steel Co., which was itself eventually merged into the United States Steel Corporation shortly before Buhl's retirement. Buhl became known as the "Father of the Industrial Shenango Valley" and also founded Sharon Steel and Sharon Steel Castings (also merged into U.S. Steel).
Buhl married Julia Forker, daughter of a prominent Sharon family. They had no children and became known for using their fortune to support the surrounding community. Buhl's father had founded the Christian H. Buhl hospital (now the Sharon Regional Hospital). Frank Buhl established the F.H. Buhl club, opened to all Sharon citizens in 1903, and located between this building and the city's downtown. It held music and social rooms, bowling alleys, billiard and games rooms, and a library. It merged with a women's club founded by Julia Buhl, and still serves the community as a recreation center. In 1914, the F.H. Buhl Farm opened as a 300-acre park, complete with an 11-acre lake, beaches, 10 tennis courts, a nine-hole golf course, picnic groves, pavilions, playground and a baseball field.
The mansion was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977 and featured in the 1988 film Tiger Warsaw.
# Abdel-Aziz bin Habtour

Abdel-Aziz bin Habtour (Arabic: عبد العزيز بن حبتور; born 8 August 1955) is a Yemeni politician who served as prime minister of Houthi-led government in Sanaa from 4 October 2016 to 10 August 2024. On Saturday, August 10, 2024, Bin Habtour was appointed as a member of the Supreme Political Council. He also served as Governor of Aden during the Houthi takeover in Yemen. He is a member of the General People's Congress, sitting on its permanent committee since 1995. An ally of President Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi, he condemned the 2014–15 Yemeni coup d'état and received the deposed leader after his flight from the Houthi-controlled capital of Sanaa on 21 February 2015. He is also a vocal opponent of the separatist movement in the former South Yemen, saying the movement is too fractured and small to achieve its goals.
In October 2016, bin Habtour was appointed as prime minister in the Houthi-led parallel government.
Bin Habtour served as Deputy Minister of Education from 2001 to 2008 and subsequently as Rector of the University of Aden.

## Personal life

Bin Habtour was born in 1955 in the Shabwah Governorate, part of what was then the British Aden Protectorate. He earned a bachelor's degree in economics and administration from the University of Aden in 1981, a master's degree in economics from the Berlin School of Economics and Law in 1988, and a doctorate from Leipzig University in 1992. He is married with five children.

## Professional career

The University of Aden employed bin Habtour as a prorector from 1994 to 2001. In 2001, President Ali Abdullah Saleh named bin Habtour to serve as Deputy Minister of Education, an office he held until 2008. Afterward, he became president and rector of the University of Aden.
President Hadi appointed bin Habtour as Governor of Aden by decree on 22 December 2014. He was sworn in three days later. As Aden's new governor, he confronted the unrest created by the Houthi takeover in 2015, including a pro-separatist uprising in Aden seaport. He also met with Hadi after he fled to Aden from the capital of Sana'a.
At some point during the months-long battle for Aden in 2015, bin Habtour fled the city. In July, the Yemeni government-in-exile in Saudi Arabia announced the appointment of his former deputy, Nayef al-Bakri, as governor.

## Premiership

On 2 October 2016, he was appointed as prime minister by the Houthis. On 4 October, he formed his cabinet. The cabinet, which includes members of the Southern Movement, is not internationally recognized.
On 28 November 2016, a new cabinet was formed.
On 13 December 2016, he accused the United Kingdom of war crimes against Yemen, by giving bombs to the Saudi-led coalition.
On 5 April 2017, he tendered his resignation as prime minister by submitting it to the Supreme Political Council, according to sources close to him. This occurred after Houthi militiamen stormed the headquarters of the General Authority for Social Security and Pensions in Sana'a, reportedly taking over the establishment and seizing funds intended for pensioners.
# Parachela hypophthalmus

Parachela hypophthalmus is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Xenocyprididae, the East Asian minnows or sharpbellies. It inhabits Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia, in Sumatra and Borneo and has a maximum length of 16.5 centimetres (6.5 in). It has been assessed as least concern by the IUCN, and is considered harmless to humans.
# 5th Golden Globe Awards

The 5th Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best achievements in 1947 filmmaking, were held on 10 March 1948 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel in Los Angeles, California.

## Winners
### Best Picture

Gentleman's Agreement directed by Elia Kazan

### Best Actor in a Leading Role

Ronald Colman - A Double Life

### Best Actress in a Leading Role

Rosalind Russell - Mourning Becomes Electra

### Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role in a Motion Picture

Edmund Gwenn - Miracle on 34th Street

### Best Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role in a Motion Picture

Celeste Holm - Gentleman's Agreement

### Best Director-Motion Picture

Elia Kazan - Gentleman's Agreement

### Best Screenplay

Miracle on 34th Street written by George Seaton

### Best Music, Original Score - Motion Picture

Life with Father composed by Max Steiner

### Cinematography

Black Narcissus photographed by Jack Cardiff

### Most Promising Newcomer - Male

Richard Widmark in Kiss of Death

### Most Promising Newcomer - Female

Lois Maxwell in That Hagen Girl

### Special Award - Best Juvenile Actor

Dean Stockwell in Gentleman's Agreement

### Special Achievement Award

Walt Disney for Bambi (Hindustani Version) Furthering The Influence Of The Screen
# Fred Russell (ventriloquist)

Thomas Frederick Parnell OBE (29 September 1862 – 14 October 1957), known professionally as Fred Russell, was an English ventriloquist. He is known as "The Father of Modern Ventriloquism" because in the 1890s he used only one dummy on stage creating a fast moving comedy team rather than a multi-figure act which, at the time, was the accepted format for a ventriloquial presentation.

## Biography

Russell was born in London, and began his career as a journalist, but from 1882 began performing his hobby of ventriloquism in public. In 1896, when he was editor of the Hackney and Kingsland Gazette, he was offered a professional engagement at London's Palace Theatre and took up his stage career permanently. According to The Times obituary, he changed his name because of the political flavour of "Parnell".
His act, based on the cheeky-boy dummy "Coster Joe", broke from the prevailing format of a family of dummies, establishing a precedent for performers such as Edgar Bergen and Paul Winchell. He remained popular for several decades, involving prolonged tours of Britain, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa, as well as visits to the United States and Ceylon. In 1932, and again in 1952 at the age of 90, he appeared at the Royal Command Performance.
He was active in promoting the variety show genre and was a founder of the Variety Artistes' Federation in 1906 and its chairman in 1908. He was managing director of the VAF's news sheet, The Performer, from 1915 to 1945. In 1910, he published a book on his craft entitled Ventriloquism and Kindred Arts. He was also an early and leading member of the Grand Order of Water Rats charity, and was 'King Rat' on four occasions, in 1903, 1914, 1929 and 1939.
In 1948 he was awarded an OBE for his long services to the profession. He continued to perform late in life, giving televised music hall performances in 1952, billed as "the oldest ventriloquist in the world". He died in Wembley, aged 95.
One of his sons, Val Parnell, became a leading television and theatrical impresario.

## Blue plaque

Fred Russell lived in Kenilworth Court in Putney, London, from 1914 to 1926. A blue plaque by the entrance of Kenilworth Court commemorates him.
# Eyquem

Eyquem (French pronunciation:) is a French surname. Notable people with this surname include:
* Gilles Eyquem (born 1959), French footballer
* Marie-Thérèse Eyquem (1913–1978), French sportswoman, politician, and feminist
* Michel Eyquem de Montaigne (1533–1592), French philosopher
# Julia Canny

Julia Canny, 1894–1987, was an Irish Sister of the Holy Souls who survived the atomic bombing of Hiroshima.

## Early life

Julia Canny was born to a poor farming family in Clonbur, Co. Galway in 1894. She only had a fifth-grade education. Canny emigrated to the US in 1921, joining the Society of the Helpers of the Holy Souls in New York in 1933. She embarked for Japan in 1939 from San Francisco. After Pearl Harbor, she was interned on the presumption of being an American, but released after six months when it was demonstrated by the Swiss ambassador that she was an Irish citizen.

## Hiroshima

On 6 August 1945, Canny had been sitting outside the Sisters of the Holy Souls convent when the atomic bomb was dropped. She and the other sisters took shelter in the convent, but had to run back out moments later when it collapsed. They later took shelter in a Jesuit chapel four kilometres away and helped 90 other survivors who had gathered there.
Other than Aidan MacCarthy, Canny was one of the few Irish citizens to witness the detonation of the world’s first atomic bomb to be used in warfare.

## Later life

Canny never returned to Ireland, and was bed-ridden for the last years of her life. She died on 1 November 1987 in Tokyo.
# Domonic Bedggood

Domonic Paul William Bedggood (born 18 September 1994) is an Australian diver. He was a gold medallist at the 2014 and 2018 Commonwealth Games. He represented Australia at the 2016 Summer Olympics and 2024 Summer Olympics.

## Background

Bedggood was born on 18 September 1994 in Southport, a suburb of Queensland's Gold Coast. He was originally a gymnast but turned to diving after breaking his back in a high bar routine gone wrong. Bedggood started diving at the age of sixteen. He trains at the Brisbane Aquatic Centre.

## Career

At the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow, Scotland, he won the Men's Synchronised 10m platform with Matthew Mitcham. At the 2015 World Aquatics Championships in Kazan, Russia, he teamed with Melissa Wu to win a bronze medal in the Mixed 10m Synchronised. At the 2016 Olympics, he placed 12th in the men's 10 metre platform competition.
At the 2018 Commonwealth Games on the Gold Coast, Queensland, Bedggood won a gold medal in the Men's 10m platform and bronze medals in the Men's 3m Synchronized (with Matthew Carter) and the Men's 10m Synchronized (alongside Dec Stacey).
On the second day of diving competition at the 2022 Commonwealth Games, held in Birmingham, England, Bedggood won a bronze medal in the 10 metre synchronized platform with partner Cassiel Rousseau, scoring 412.56 points to finish less than 18 points behind the gold medal duo from England and less than 2 points behind the silver medal duo from Canada. At the 2024 Summer Olympics, he again competed alongside Rousseau in the men's 10 metre synchronized platform, where they ranked 6th.