OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gowers Review of Intellectual Property

The Gowers Review of Intellectual Property was an independent review of the copyright law of the United Kingdom focusing on "intellectual property rights", conducted from December 2005 to December 2006. Chancellor of the Exchequer, Gordon Brown, commissioned Andrew Gowers to lead the review; Gowers had just left a position as editor of the Financial Times when he took up the position on December 2, 2005. The review coincided with a 2006 survey carried out on behalf of the National Consumer Council, which indicated that over half of British adults infringe copyright law by duplicating and ripping music CDs. Following the review, in January 2008 the government initiated a public consultation period on proposals to legalise personal copying.
The review concludes that the UK's intellectual property system is fundamentally strong but makes 54 concrete recommendations for improvements, broadly covering the areas of: strengthening enforcement; providing additional support to business; and striking a balance between protecting intellectual property and allowing free market competition.
On November 27, 2006, it was reported that the copyright of recorded music should not, according to the review's recommendations, be extended from the current 50 years after the date of recording. The British Phonographic Industry and prominent musicians, such as Cliff Richard and Ian Anderson, had lobbied for an extension to 95 years, matching the length of copyright provided in the USA; other musicians, such as Dave Rowntree of Blur provided counteropinions. The Gowers Review found that the UK, compared with the USA, suffers no apparent impediment to creativity due to this disparity.
The Review's conclusions were published on 6 December 2006 as part of the Chancellor's annual pre-budget report. A full-page advertisement, known as the Fair play for musicians ad, was taken in the Financial Times of December 7, stating "Fair play for musicians: We call upon the UK Government to support the extension of copyright on sound recordings", and was signed by over 4,500 musicians, including a few dead ones.

## Repercussions

Richard Sargeant, a civil servant who wrote large amounts of the Review, was later hired by Google. In January 2009, as Google's "public policy manager", he called for reforms to incorporate exemptions similar to the United States' fair use doctrine into UK and Europe copyright law.
# Torin Dorn

Torin Damon Dorn Sr. (born February 29, 1968) is a former professional American football cornerback in the National Football League. He played seven seasons for the Los Angeles Raiders (1990–1994) and the St. Louis Rams (1995–1996). He was drafted by the Raiders in the fourth round of the 1990 NFL draft. Dorn Sr. played college football for University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill from 1986 to 1989 where he played both running back and defensive back. Initially Dorn Sr. played running back for the first three seasons, and then played defensive back as a senior.
One of his sons, Torin Dorn Jr., plays basketball for the NC State Wolfpack men's basketball team after transferring from the Charlotte 49ers following his freshman season. His other son, Myles Dorn, played college football for the North Carolina Tar Heels football team and was signed to the Minnesota Vikings in 2020.
# Willie Beavers

Willie Beavers (born October 2, 1993) is an American football offensive guard who is a free agent. He played college football at Western Michigan and was drafted by the Minnesota Vikings in the fourth round of the 2016 NFL draft. Beavers has also been a member of several other NFL teams.

## Professional career
### Minnesota Vikings (first stint)

Beavers was selected by the Minnesota Vikings in the fourth round (121st overall) of the 2016 NFL draft. On September 3, 2016, he was released by the Vikings and was signed to the practice squad the next day. He was promoted to the active roster on September 27, 2016.
On September 2, 2017, Beavers was waived by the Vikings.

### New England Patriots

On September 4, 2017, Beavers was signed to the New England Patriots' practice squad. He was released on September 16, 2017.

### Minnesota Vikings (second stint)

On November 7, 2017, Beavers was signed to the Vikings' practice squad. He was released on November 14, 2017.

### Seattle Seahawks

On November 28, 2017, Beavers was signed to the Seattle Seahawks' practice squad. He signed a reserve/future contract with the Seahawks on January 2, 2018.
On September 1, 2018, Beavers was waived by the Seahawks.

### Chicago Bears

On November 5, 2018, Beavers was signed to the Chicago Bears practice squad. He was released on January 1, 2019. He signed a reserve/future contract with the Bears on January 16, 2019, but was waived on May 2.

### San Francisco 49ers

On May 6, 2019, Beavers signed with the San Francisco 49ers. He was waived on August 27, 2019.

### Dallas Renegades

Beavers was drafted by the Dallas Renegades of the XFL in the 1st round in phase two of the 2020 XFL Draft. He had his contract terminated when the league suspended operations on April 10, 2020.

### Atlanta Falcons

Beavers had a tryout with the Atlanta Falcons on August 20, 2020. He was signed to the team's practice squad on September 24, 2020. He signed a reserve/future contract on January 4, 2021.
On August 31, 2021, Beavers was waived by the Falcons and re-signed to the practice squad the next day. He signed a reserve/future contract with the Falcons on January 10, 2022. On May 2, 2022, he was released by the Falcons.

### Washington Commanders

Beavers signed with the Washington Commanders on June 14, 2022. He was placed on injured reserve prior to final roster cuts on August 30, 2022. He was released on October 18.

### Arlington Renegades

Beavers signed with the Arlington Renegades of the XFL in February 2023. He was not part of the roster after the 2024 UFL dispersal draft on January 15, 2024.
# George Babcock (American football)

Richard George Babcock (March 21, 1899 – February 27, 1988) was an American college football player and coach and athletics administrator. He played football at the University of Michigan from 1923 to 1925 and served as the head football coach at the University of Akron in 1926 and at the University of Cincinnati from 1927 to 1930. He also served as the University of Cincinnati's athletic director from 1927 to 1932.

## Early years

Babcock was born in Illinois, and grew up in Royal Oak, Michigan. In 1918, he was living in River Rouge, Michigan, and working as an electrician for the Great Lakes Engineering Works, a shipbuilding company. At the time of the 1920 United States Census, he was living in Detroit, Michigan, and working as a hotel clerk.

## University of Michigan

Babcock attended the University of Michigan where he played college football for the Michigan Wolverines football team from 1923 to 1925. He was 5 feet, 11 inches tall, and weighed 180 pounds while playing for Michigan. At age 26, he was a starter at tackle for the 1925 Michigan Wolverines football team that outscored its opponents by a combined score of 227 to 3 on the season. While attending Michigan, Babcock studied education and was a member of the Beta Theta Pi fraternity and of the Sphinx and Michigamua.

## Coaching career
### Akron

In February 1926, the Municipal University of Akron, now known as the University of Akron, announced that it had chosen Babcock as its new football and track coach. Babcock let the Akron Zips football team to a 5–2–2 record during the 1926 season.

### Cincinnati

In March 1927, Babcock was hired as a professor of athletics and physical training at the University of Cincinnati. From 1927 to 1930, he was the head football coach of the Cincinnati Bearcats football team, compiling a 12–21–3 record. At the time of the 1930 United States Census, Babcock was living in Cincinnati with his wife, Aneeta, whom he married in approximately 1929. His occupation was listed as the athletic director of the University of Cincinnati. In November 1928, Babcock, in his capacity as Cincinnati's athletic director, hired Frank E. Rice, another former University of Michigan athlete, to serve as the Bearcats' head basketball coach. Babcock continued to serve as Cincinnati's athletic director until the fall of 1932.
Babcock's overall record as a college football head coach was 17–23–5.

## Head coaching record

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing |
| Akron (Ohio Athletic Conference) (1926) ||||||
| 1926 | Akron | 5–2–2 | 4–2–2 | T–10th |
| Akron: | Akron: | 5–2–2 | 4–2–2 | |
| Cincinnati Bearcats (Ohio Athletic Conference / Buckeye Athletic Association) (1927) ||||||
| 1927 | Cincinnati | 2–5–2 | 0–4–2 / 0–3–1 | T–20th / 6th |
| Cincinnati Bearcats (Buckeye Athletic Association) (1928–1930) ||||||
| 1928 | Cincinnati | 1–8 | 0–5 | 6th |
| 1929 | Cincinnati | 4–4–1 | 0–4–1 | T–5th |
| 1930 | Cincinnati | 5–4 | 2–2 | 3rd |
| Cincinnati: | Cincinnati: | 12–21–3 | 2–15–3 | |
| Total: | Total: | 17–23–5 | | |
# A Flirt's Mistake

A Flirt's Mistake is a 1914 American short comedy film featuring Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle. The silent movie, produced by the Keystone Film Company, contains no onscreen cast or crew credits.

## Cast

* Roscoe 'Fatty' Arbuckle
* Minta Durfee
* William Hauber as Cop
* Edgar Kennedy as The Rajah
* Virginia Kirtley
* Henry Lehrman (unconfirmed)
* George Nichols as Man in park
# Eddy Wilson (American football)

Eddy Wilson II (born February 13, 1997) is an American former professional football player. He played college football at Purdue.

## Early life

Wilson attended West Bloomfield High School in West Bloomfield, Michigan. As a senior, he tallied 72 tackles with 19 sacks. He originally committed to play football for the Bowling Green Falcons but changed his commitment to the Purdue Boilermakers.

## College career

Wilson played in nine games in 2015 as a true freshman, recording ten tackles.
In 2016, as a sophomore, Wilson played in ten games, tallying 36 tackles (six for loss) and 2.5 sacks.
As a junior in 2017 Wilson played in 12 of Purdue's 13 games, missing only the 2017 Foster Farms Bowl. In 12 games, he made 27 tackles (2.5 for loss), one sack and two pass breakups. After the season, he declared for the 2018 NFL draft.

## Professional career
### Seattle Seahawks

Wilson signed with the Seattle Seahawks as an undrafted free agent on May 4, 2018. He was waived on August 3, 2018.

### Cincinnati Bengals

On August 4, 2018, Wilson was claimed off waivers by the Cincinnati Bengals. He was waived on September 1, 2018.

### Salt Lake Stallions

In 2018, Wilson joined the Salt Lake Stallions of the Alliance of American Football. He was waived on February 27, 2019.

### Hamilton Tiger-Cats

Wilson played in two games for the Hamilton Tiger-Cats of the Canadian Football League in 2019. The 2020 CFL season was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. He played in seven games for the Tiger-Cats in 2021.
# DeQwan Young

DeQwan Young (born November 12, 1986) is a former American football defensive back. He was also the defensive backs coach for the Seton Hill University.

## College career

Young started all 11 games in the defensive backfield in each of his four seasons at St. Joseph's and finished his career in 2007 with 15 interceptions, 196 tackles, and 57 passed defended. He was an All-Star in the Division II Cactus Bowl and was selected to the First Team All-Great Lakes Football Conference and the Second Team All-Northwest Region squads. He was considered a draft prospect for the 2008 NFL draft, but didn't hear his name called on draft day.

## Professional career
### Manchester Wolves

It was announced on October 30, 2008, that Young would be joining the Wolves. Young ended up never playing a down for the Wolves.

### Wisconsin Wolfpack

On April 3, 2009, Young decided to sign with the Wisconsin Wolfpack of the Continental Indoor Football League. He played 2 seasons for the Wolfpack, before they folded following the 2010 season.

### Johnstown Generals

In 2011, he signed with the Johnstown Generals. In week 14, he was named the defensive player of the week after having 3 interceptions, two of which was returned for a touchdown. He led the league with interceptions (16) despite only playing 12 games. Young returned to Johnstown for the 2012 season.

### Missouri Monsters

In 2013, Young signed with the Missouri Monsters.

### Erie Explosion

In 2014, Young signed with the Erie Explosion of the Continental Indoor Football League.

## Controversy

After not winning the UIFL Defensive Player of the Year award, Young dropped a series of YouTube videos on June 9, 2011 and June 18, 2011 calling out several league officials, coaches, and Quarterbacks.
On February 11, 2014, Young made a potential career ending tackle on Northern Kentucky River Monsters Quarterback, Jared Lorenzen. Northern Kentucky River Monsters Owner, Jill Chitwood, made a comments in a USA Today article hinting that Erie Explosion players cheered while Lorenzen went down injured after Young's hit. Lorenzen would pass away in 2019 after never playing another game of football after this hit by Young.
# Joseph Petavel

Sir Joseph Ernest Petavel KBE FRS D.Sc. (14 August 1873 – 31 March 1936) was a British physicist and the 2nd Director of the National Physical Laboratory.
He was born in London and educated at Lausanne, Geneva, before he joined University College, London, in 1893, where he studied mechanical and electrical engineering. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1907.
He was the second director of the NPL in Bushy Park from 1919 to 1936, living in Bushy House. During his time there he devised the Petavel gauge for the measurement of the pressures within exploding gases.
He was invested Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE) in the 1920 civilian war honours for his wartime work as Chairman of Aerodynamics Sub-Committee of the Advisory Committee on Aeronautics.
He died at Bushy House and was buried in the west side of Highgate Cemetery.
# Linmeyer

Linmeyer is a suburb located in Region F of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality, South Africa and overlooks the Klipriviersberg mountains to the south.

## History

The suburb was laid out in the late 1940s on land which previously belonged to the Meyer Farm. The first houses constructed were on South Rand Road, the first being owned by local pharmacist, Mr Levy. By 1950 roads had been laid out, many of their names reflecting the local history: Johan Meyer Street after the original owner of the farm, Risi Avenue after the developers Risi Investment. Development was slow during the late 1940s and by 1950 there were only 5 houses built. A construction company Phoenix Construction offered unique "off-plan" house for a price of some £SA3 000. A first batch of 3 homes built by Phoenix Construction were built in Risi Avenue – stands 240, 241, 242, which were ready for occupation by Christmas 1951. The rest of homes in that road were completed during 1951–1955. The roads remained unmade for many years owing to the bankruptcy of the construction company. They left behind half-dug storm water drains and a Fowler Steam Roller, which when occasionally fired up, provided great entertainment for the local children.
# Open Angel Forum

The Open Angel Forum is a recurring event designed to aid early stage startup companies seeking funding, via presentations to prospective angel investors.
Launched in 2009 by tech entrepreneur and media figure Jason Calacanis, the event was the culmination of a series of public comments by Calacanis questioning the ethics of groups who charge fledgling companies to present to wealthy investors. Calacanis, already co-founder of startup competition TechCrunch50 with Michael Arrington (which ran from 2007 to 2009), had spoken out repeatedly against specific groups he characterized as preying on small, hopeful companies seeking financing.
The conversation evolved quickly over the course of several days, beginning with a blog post calling for "Jihad" against the Keiretsu Forum, a discussion on his online broadcast This Week in Startups, and two impassioned polemics outlining the impetus for creating an alternative model: the first self-described as "declaring war" and "written with boiling blood" quickly followed by a second containing quotes from other prominent tech industry pundits such as Fred Wilson and Brad Feld as well as anonymous individuals claiming to be formerly affiliated or familiar with the groups in question.
Upon formalizing the organization, several principles were outlined regarding qualifications and structure, the most notable legacy of the initial controversy being a strict rule against fees for both presenters and investors for participation. Startups presenting at the Open Angel Forum are picked by the event's organizers (which include regional "chapter heads" as well). Six companies are chosen and each presents for 10 minutes. Angel investors must apply for admission as well, and required to be active, with at least four investments in the past year. The first event was held on January 14, 2009, in Los Angeles and to date events have been held in six cities: Los Angeles, San Francisco, Palo Alto, Boston, Boulder, CO and New York City.
Though news reports and blog postings by participating companies, as well as the organization itself, have touted funding offers following the events, the group does not maintain a comprehensive list of presenters, nor have they announced the success rate or other metrics as to the efficacy of the program as a source for startup capital for participants.
# Captain William J. Hudson "Steamboat Bill" Memorial Bridges

The "Steamboat Bill" Memorial Bridges are two bridges that span one of the widest points along the Tennessee River within the city of Decatur, Alabama, between Morgan County, and Limestone County. One is a cantilever truss, and the other is a reinforced concrete. The bridges carry US 31, US 72A, and State Route 20 from the intersection of Wilson Street (US 72A, and SR 20), and 6th Avenue (US 31) in northeast Decatur.

## History

The first bridge built here was the William Keller Bridge, completed on February 12, 1928. This drawbridge, originally served both directions.
In 1961, a new cantilever truss bridge was built to serve as a northbound contpainion to the span. The Keller Bridge was then closed for extensive renovation, when it reopened in 1964, it was converted to only carrying southbound traffic, and the new bridge carried the northbound traffic.
By the late 1970s, it became apparent that the Keller Bridge was obsolete and outmoded. Additionally, starting in the 1980s, the currents of the Tennessee River changed and running barges through the narrow gap created by the drawbridge became more dangerous, this resulted in the bridges being hit several times by barges. Also, with the amount of traffic carried by the road, the drawbridge could produce mile-long traffic jams. In 1999 the new concrete bridge opened. Northbound traffic was shifted to the new bridge, southbound traffic was moved to the rehabbed cantilever bridge, and the Keller Bridge was closed permanently and later demolished. There are additional pictures and information about the Keller Memorial Bridge available from the Historic American Engineering Record at the Library of Congress. dge

## Future

The city of Decatur is currently working with the Decatur Area Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO), who themselves have teamed up with TTL, Inc., on a study to find a way to alleviate the increasing amount of traffic on the bridges. This is especially the case with the cantilever truss bridge that carries southbound traffic, since it cannot be widened and is outdated. Previously, ALDOT estimated in 2014 that a new toll bridge across the Tennessee River would cost $444 million, but local opposition caused that proposed project to be cancelled in January 2015. Following its approval by the city council, a $2 million feasibility study began in January 2023, at which point public input was requested. Options include building a new bridge on another location and replacing the current bridge with another one. The study time period was extended to December 2023 in August. Additionally, an extension of I-565 is proposed and the routing would possibly utilize the bridge as well.
# Asystasia

The genus Asystasia belongs to the family Acanthaceae and comprises 59 species found in the tropics of Africa, Asia, Australia, and New Guinea. It includes the weedy species Asystasia gangetica.

## Species

59 species are accepted:
* Asystasia africana (S. Moore) C.B. Clarke
* Asystasia alba Ridl.
* Asystasia albiflora Ensermu
* Asystasia ammophila Ensermu
* Asystasia ansellioides C.B.Clarke
* Asystasia atriplicifolia Bremek.
* Asystasia australasica F.M.Bailey
* Asystasia buettneri Lindau
* Asystasia calcicola Ensermu & Vollesen
* Asystasia charmian S.Moore
* Asystasia chelnoides Nees
* Asystasia congensis C.B.Clarke
* Asystasia crispata Benth.
* Asystasia dalzelliana Santapau
* Asystasia excellens Lindau
* Asystasia gangetica (L.) T.Anderson
* Asystasia glandulifera Lindau
* Asystasia glandulosa Lindau
* Asystasia guttata (Forssk.) Brummitt
* Asystasia hedbergii Ensermu
* Asystasia hirsuta (T.J.Edwards) I.Darbysh. & E.A.Tripp
* Asystasia hispida J.B.Imlay
* Asystasia indica H.J.Chowdhery & Av.Bhattacharjee
* Asystasia intrusa (Forssk.) Blume
* Asystasia kerrii Craib
* Asystasia laticapsula C.B.Clarke ex Karlström
* Asystasia lawiana Dalzell
* Asystasia ledermannii Lindau
* Asystasia leptostachya Lindau
* Asystasia lindauiana Hutch. & Dalziel
* Asystasia linearis S.Moore
* Asystasia lorata Ensermu
* Asystasia macrophylla (T.Anderson) G.Nicholson
* Asystasia malawiana Brummitt & Chisumpa
* Asystasia masaiensis Lindau
* Asystasia minutiflora Ensermu & Vollesen
* Asystasia moorei Ensermu
* Asystasia mysorensis (Roth) T.Anderson
* Asystasia natalensis C.B.Clarke
* Asystasia nemorum Nees
* Asystasia noliae R.J.A.Puente
* Asystasia oppositiflora Bremek.
* Asystasia pusilla C.B.Clarke
* Asystasia retrocarpa T.J.Edwards
* Asystasia richardsiae Ensermu
* Asystasia riparia Lindau
* Asystasia salicifolia Craib
* Asystasia scandens (Lindl.) Hook.
* Asystasia schliebenii Mildbr.
* Asystasia stenosiphon C.B.Clarke
* Asystasia subbiflora C.B.Clarke
* Asystasia tanzaniensis Ensermu & Vollesen
* Asystasia travancorica Bedd.
* Asystasia trichotogyne Lindau
* Asystasia varia N.E.Br.
* Asystasia variabilis (Nees) Trimen
* Asystasia vogeliana Benth.
* Asystasia welwitschii S.Moore
* Asystasia zambiana Brummitt & Chisumpa

### Formerly placed here

* Mackaya bella (as A. bella (Harvey) Benth. et Hook.f.)
# Green Berets (Bosnian paramilitary)

The Green Berets (Bosnian: Zelene beretke) was a military organization founded in Sarajevo in early 1991. They were founded by demobilized soldiers and conscripts from the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) who were mostly ethnic Bosniaks and supporters of the elected government of Bosnia and Herzegovina. They were integrated into a newly founded Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the second half of 1992. The Green Berets as a gear of choice and the name was selected both as a reference to the United States Army Special Forces (the "Green Berets", although no actual relation existed) and as a common colour brand of the predominant ethnic group that composed the unit, namely Bosniaks. Bosnian Green Berets were mostly active during the war in the early part of 1992 in northern and central Bosnia.