OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# February 2022 Kharkiv cluster bombing

vteRussian invasion of Ukraine :
Timeline
February – April 2022
April – August 2022
August – November 2022
November 2022 – June 2023
June – August 2023
September – November 2023
December 2023 – March 2024
April – July 2024
August – December 2024
January 2025 – present
Prelude
Casualties
Territorial control
map
List of engagements
War crimes
Attacks on civilians
Economic impact
Peace negotiations
Collaboration with Russia
Russian emigration
Nuclear risk
Humanitarian impacts
Russian annexation
Treatment of prisoners of war :
On February 28, 2022, a series of rocket strikes by the Russian Armed Forces killed 9 civilians and wounded 37 more during the battle of Kharkiv, part of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The Russian Army used cluster munition in the attack. Due to the indiscriminate nature of these weapons used in densely populated areas, Human Rights Watch described these strikes as a possible war crime.

## Attack

On February 28, 2022, during the battle of Kharkiv, around 10:00 a.m., the Russian Army fired Grad rockets into three different residential areas in Kharkiv. Nine civilians died. Four people were killed when they left a shelter to get water and go shopping between curfews; a family of two parents and three children were burned alive in their car. The locations hit were residential buildings and a playground, dispersed between Industrialnyi and Shevchenkivskyi District. Explosions in the city were recorded as late as 2:23 p.m.

## Investigations
### Human Rights Watch

Human Rights Watch investigated the attack and concluded that the Russian forces used Smerch cluster munition rockets, which disperse dozens of submunitions or bomblets in the air. An international treaty bans cluster munitions because of their widespread damage and danger towards civilians. As there were no military targets within 400 meters of these strikes, and due to the indiscriminate nature of these weapons used in densely populated areas, Human Rights Watch assumes that it could be a possible Russian war crime.

### Amnesty International

Amnesty International found evidence of Russian forces repeatedly using 9N210/9N235 cluster munitions as well as scatterable mines, both of which are subject to international treaty bans - Convention on Cluster Munitions and Ottawa Treaty - because of their indiscriminate effects.
# George Congreve

George Congreve (born 30 December 1999) is a New Zealand speedway rider.

## Career

Congreve started riding speedway at the age of 12, at the Moore Park track in Christchurch. He began riding 500cc machines when he was 16, and he won the New Zealand Under 21 championship three times in 2018-19, 2019-20 and 2020-21.
Congreve was third at the 2020-21 New Zealand Solo Championship, and became the national champion in the 2022-23 season. In 2022, he began his British league career, signing for Newcastle Diamonds in the SGB Championship 2022, but unfortunately, the team withdrew from the league in June, leaving Congreve without a club. He did, however, continue to ride as a member of the Weymouth Wildcats team in meetings at the Isle of Wight.
Congreve joined Mildenhall Fen Tigers for the 2023 National Development League speedway season, and the Wightlink Warriors in the Nora League. He helped Mildenhall win the Knockout Cup.
# Renier of Montferrat

Renier of Montferrat (in Italian, Ranieri di Monferrato) (1162–1183) was the fifth son of William V of Montferrat and Judith of Babenberg. He became son-in-law of the Byzantine Emperor Manuel I Komnenos and Caesar in 1180, and was later murdered in a Byzantine power-struggle.

## Early life

Renier was the son of William V of Montferrat and Judith of Babenberg. It was Manuel who suggested the marriage of his daughter to a son of William V. Since Conrad and Boniface were already married, and Frederick was in the priesthood, the only eligible son was the youngest, 17-year-old Renier. The Byzantine chronicler Niketas Choniates described him as handsome, blond (his hair "shone like the sun") and beardless.
Renier arrived in Constantinople in autumn 1179 and soon afterwards accompanied Manuel on a military expedition. His marriage to the 27-year-old Maria took place at the Church of St. Mary of Blachernae in Constantinople, in February 1180. The wedding was celebrated with lavish festivity including games in the Hippodrome of Constantinople, as fully described by William of Tyre, who happened to be present. Renier was given the title Caesar, was renamed John, and (according to some Western sources) was granted Thessalonica, presumably as an estate for life, a pronoia. Maria was second in line to the throne, and had only been deprived of the succession by the birth of her much younger half-brother Alexios. Thus Renier became entangled in the perpetual power struggle around the Byzantine throne. With the death of Manuel in September 1180, the throne fell to the boy Alexios II, with his mother, Maria of Antioch, acting as regent. She caused a scandal by taking the protosebastos Alexios Komnenos as a lover. This, combined with her Latin-friendly views, triggered a plot to end the regency (or, as some describe it, to overthrow the emperor) and give power to Maria and Renier. The plot was discovered, and several conspirators arrested. Maria and Renier sought refuge in the Hagia Sophia cathedral with some 150 of their followers. Fighting ensued, later dubbed the Holy War as it took place in that most holy church. Eventually, the conspirators were offered an amnesty to end the hostilities.

## Background

Both the emperor and the conspirators soon fell victim to another usurper, however, as Manuel's cousin and rival Andronikos Komnenos returned from exile, apparently with Maria's encouragement, and, more importantly, with an army in support. Andronikos' takeover was marked by the massacre of the Latins that followed. Maria died soon afterwards, allegedly by poison: she was, no doubt, a potential focus of opposition to the usurper. Renier seems to have shared her fate, though his death is noted by very few sources.
Alexios II was forced to recognise Andronikos as his co-emperor, and was soon murdered. The Latin massacre had not been forgotten, twenty years later, when the leaders of the Fourth Crusade found reasons to divert their expedition to Constantinople. Later sources suggest that Renier's surviving older brother Boniface based his claim to Thessalonica on his late brother's title.
# Dmitry Bochkaryov

Dmitry Yevgenyevich Bochkaryov (Russian: Дмитрий Евгеньевич Бочкарёв) (born 28 December 1958, Leningrad) is a former speed skater from the Soviet Union.
Bochkaryov most notable feat was a silver medal at the 1982 World Allround Speed Skating Championships for Men in Assen, the Netherlands, behind Hilbert van der Duim. In 1981 he had already come close to a medal with a 4th place behind three Norwegian skaters in Oslo, while in 1983 he placed 5th, again in Oslo. In 1985 he became allround champion of the Soviet Union. He finished 6th at the 10.000 m event of the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo, but could only reach 17th place at the 5.000 m event at the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary.

## Personal records

To put these personal records in perspective, the WR column lists the official world records on the dates that Bochkaryov skated his personal records.
| Event | Result | Date | Venue | WR |
| 500 m | 38.6 | 23 March 1981 | Medeu | 37.00 |
| 1,000 m | 1:17.93 | 5 March 1982 | Divnogorsk | 1:13.39 |
| 1,500 m | 1:55.63 | 25 December 1982 | Medeu | 1:54.79 |
| 3,000 m | 4:03.98 | 28 March 1979 | Medeu | 4:06.91 |
| 5,000 m | 6:50.83 | 17 March 1986 | Medeu | 6:49.15 |
| 10,000 m | 14:12.81 | 28 December 1983 | Medeu | 14:23.59 |
| Big combination | 162.578 | 28 December 1983 | Medeu | 161.550 |
Twice his personal best was better than the official world record at the time, both times at the Medeu speed skating rink near Alma Ata, which in the early 80s was by far the fastest rink in the world. Bochkaryov skated his personal best on the 3000 m (4:03.98) at the same event (the Soviet Cup on 28 March 1979 at Medeu) as Dmitry Ogloblin, who skated 4;04.06; however, since Bochkaryov skated in a quartet and Oglobin in a pair, only the second best time was recognized as the official new world record. In 2019, the latter is still Medeu's official track record. Medeu's unofficial track record is far lower; already in December 1973, Yuri Kondakov had set it at 4:03.67, while Sergey Marchuk skated a remarkable 3:56.65 there on March 11, 1977, an unofficial world record that stood until 1992. At the Nikolay Kiselyov Memorial championships in December 1983, Bochkaryov was one of three skaters to skate below the world record on the 10,000 m of 14:23.59. Igor Malkov was the fastest with an extraordinary time of 13:54.81. None of these times were ever recognised as an official world record by the International Skating Union.
Bochkaryov has an Adelskalender score of 160.866 points. His highest ranking on the Adelskalender was second place behind Eric Heiden from 31 March 1981 until 1 April 1982.
# Cégep de Shawinigan

Cégep de Shawinigan is a public college located in Shawinigan, Quebec, Canada.
Originally known as the Cégep de Shawinigan at its founding in 1968, it was renamed to Collège Shawinigan in 1994 before returning to its original name in 2019. In addition to the main campus in Shawinigan, there is a campus in La Tuque (CEC La Tuque).

## Student life

The college has competitive teams in sports (Les Électriks), Esports and improvisation (Les Fourches, Le Trident).
# Paulino Salvador Leachon

Paulino Salvador Cueto Leachon, better known as Doy Leachon, is a Filipino politician and lawyer. A member of PDP–Laban, served as the representative for Oriental Mindoro's 1st congressional district from 2013 to 2022. Upon reaching his term-limit as representative, he ran in the 2022 Oriental Mindoro gubernatorial race, losing to incumbent governor Humerlito Dolor.

## Early life and education

Leachon was born in Calapan, Oriental Mindoro on May 13, 1974. He attended San Beda College of Law, where he graduated with Bachelor of Laws. Following the graduation, he worked as a taxi driver, as well as a fast food crew member. He was also a private lawyer.

## Political career
### Local politics

Leachon began his political career through his election as the Mayor of Calapan in 2007, when he was 33 years old.
In 2009, Leachon was charged for graft for the private usage of city-owned dump trucks. He was acquitted from this case in April 2019.

### Congressional career

He was first elected to the House of Representatives in the 2013 election, where he ran in Oriental Mindoro's 1st congressional district, defeating Nico Valencia, who was the son of the then incumbent representative Rodolfo Valencia. He was re-elected in 2016, defeating Joel Teves of the United Nationalist Alliance.
On March 2, 2020, Leachon was voted out of the House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal (HRET), where he was chairman. Luis Raymund Villafuerte, the representative for Camarines Sur's 2nd congressional District, cited conflict of interest as a reason for his ouster, as Leachon did not disclose his pending case before the tribunal. Although Leachon denounced Villafuerte's claim, he was replaced by Ron Salo.
On October 14, 2020, Leachon was named Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives, along with Michael Romero.

### 2022 Oriental Mindoro gubernatorial campaign

In 2022, upon reaching the three-term limit, Leachon opted to run for Governor of Oriental Mindoro. He would lose the race to incumbent governor Humerlito Dolor, with a margin of 73,495 votes.

## Political positions

Leachon is a supporter of the death penalty.

## Political party
### Mindoro Bago Sarili

Mindoro Bago Sarili (MBS Party) is a provincial political party based in the province of Oriental Mindoro. It is headed by Doy Leachon, former member of the Philippine House of Representatives from Oriental Mindoro's 1st District.

#### History

The party formed in Oriental Mindoro by Congressman. Doy Leachon in 2020s before the 2022 election will began, In September 20, 2021 the party was already registered by COMELEC.

#### Leader

* Doy Leachon (Since September 20, 2021)

#### Electoral performance
## Personal life

Leachon is married to Rona Leachon, who unsuccessfully ran for the Calapan mayoralty in 2016. His elder brother, Antonio "Tony" Leachon, is a doctor and 50th President of the Philippine College of Physicians.
# Space race (disambiguation)

The Space Race was a competition between the United States and the Soviet Union to explore outer space.
Space race, Space Racer, and their derivations may also refer to:

## Competitions and rivalries

* Billionaire space race, the intense rivalry between billionaire entrants into NewSpace
* Mars race, the competitive environment between various national space agencies, "New Space" and aerospace manufacturers involving crewed missions to Mars, land on Mars, or set a crewed base there
* Space competition, an offer of a prize for the first competitor who demonstrates a space vehicle

## Arts, entertainment, and media
### Games

* Space Race (video game), a 1973 arcade game by Atari
* Looney Tunes: Space Race, a 2000 video game featuring the Looney Tunes
* The Great Space Race, a 1984 computer game by Legend Software
* Surviving Mars: Space Race, 2018 DLC for Surviving Mars

### Music

* Space Race (album), a 1980 album by New Zealand rock band Mi-Sex
* "Space Race" (Mi-Sex song), the titular song by Mi-Sex on their eponymous 1980 album
* "Space Race" (Billy Preston song) (instrumental), a song by Billy Preston
* "Space Race", a 1984 song by The Sugarhill Gang from Livin' in the Fast Lane

### Television
#### Series

* Space Race (TV series), a BBC docu-drama series first shown on BBC2
* Space Racers, a 2014 animated children's TV show
* Yogi's Space Race, a 1978 animated series by Hanna-Barbera Productions

#### Episodes

* "Space Race" (Archer), the two-part third season finale of Archer
* "Space Race" (Stargate SG-1), an episode of the show Stargate SG-1
* "Space Race" (Steven Universe), a 2014 first season episode of Steven Universe
* "The Space Race", a 2016 eighth season episode of Regular Show
# 2002 Ondrej Nepela Memorial

The 2002 Ondrej Nepela Memorial was the 10th edition of an annual senior-level international figure skating competition held in Bratislava, Slovakia. It took place between September 27 and 29, 2002 at the Vladimír Dzurilla Ice Rink. Skaters competed in four disciplines: men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. The competition is named for 1972 Olympic gold medalist Ondrej Nepela.

## Results
### Men

| Rank | Name | Nation | TFP | SP | FS |
| 1 | Stéphane Lambiel | Switzerland | 1.5 | 1 | 1 |
| 2 | Stefan Lindemann | Germany | 3.0 | 2 | 2 |
| 3 | Gregor Urbas | Slovenia | 4.5 | 3 | 3 |
| 4 | Juraj Sviatko | Slovakia | 6.0 | 4 | 4 |
| 5 | Silvio Smalun | Germany | 9.0 | 8 | 5 |
| 6 | Ondřej Hotárek | Czech Republic | 9.5 | 5 | 7 |
| 7 | Maciej Kuś | Poland | 11.0 | 10 | 6 |
| 8 | Alexei Kozlov | Estonia | 11.0 | 6 | 8 |
| 9 | Lukáš Rakowski | Czech Republic | 13.5 | 9 | 9 |
| 10 | Ivan Kinčík | Slovakia | 13.5 | 7 | 10 |
| WD | Stanislav Timchenko | Russia | | | |

### Ladies

| Rank | Name | Nation | TFP | SP | FS |
| 1 | Carolina Kostner | Italy | 2.0 | 2 | 1 |
| 2 | Sarah Meier | Switzerland | 2.5 | 1 | 2 |
| 3 | Júlia Sebestyén | Hungary | 5.0 | 4 | 3 |
| 4 | Zuzana Babiaková | Slovakia | 5.5 | 3 | 4 |
| 5 | Olga Vassiljeva | Estonia | 9.5 | 7 | 6 |
| 6 | Silvia Koncokova | Slovakia | 10.0 | 10 | 5 |
| 7 | Simona Ocelkova | Slovakia | 11.0 | 6 | 8 |
| 8 | Kristin Wieczorek | Germany | 14.5 | 15 | 7 |
| 9 | Lucia Starovičová | Slovakia | 14.5 | 11 | 9 |
| 10 | Marta Klimova | Czech Republic | 15.0 | 8 | 11 |
| 11 | Alenka Zidar | Slovenia | 16.0 | 12 | 10 |
| 12 | Natalie Hoste | Belgium | 17.5 | 9 | 13 |
| 13 | Anna Luftensteiner | Switzerland | 18.5 | 13 | 12 |
| 14 | Ellen Mareels | Belgium | 21.0 | 14 | 14 |
| WD | Julia Lautowa | Austria | | 5 | |
| WD | Julia Teplih | Latvia | | | |

### Pairs

| Rank | Name | Nation | TFP | SP | FS |
| 1 | Maria Guerassimenko / Vladimir Futas | Slovakia | 1.5 | 1 | 1 |
| 2 | Andrea Vargova / Marek Sedlmayer | Czech Republic | 3.0 | 2 | 2 |

### Ice dancing

| Rank | Name | Nation | TFP | CD | OD | FD |
| 1 | Julia Golovina / Oleg Voiko | Ukraine | 3.0 | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| 2 | Veronika Moravkova / Jiří Procházka | Czech Republic | 3.0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 3 | Pamela O'Connor / Jonathon O'Dougherty | United Kingdom | 6.4 | 4 | 3 | 3 |
| 4 | Charlotte Clements / Phillip Poole | United Kingdom | 7.6 | 3 | 4 | 4 |
| 5 | Patricia Pavuk / Andras Rosnik | Hungary | 10.0 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
# Romantic Defiance

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Encyclopedia of Popular Music | |
| Tom Hull | B− |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz | |
Romantic Defiance is a studio album by American jazz trumpeter Terence Blanchard. The album was released on May 30, 1995 via Columbia and contains eight original lyrical compositions written by Blanchard.

## Critical reception

Peter Watrous of The New York Times wrote "...the composition, full of bursts of melodies and winding ribbons of notes, was often overwhelmed by long improvisations. Mr. Blanchard's group is exceptionally aware of dynamics, and during the suite he and the band managed to impart, through long quiet sections, a real sense of tranquillity." A reviewer of Billboard stated, "Leading trumpeter Terence Blanchard's newest set is a strong, searching quintet date, featuring Kenny Garrett, who makes his tenor debut." Brian Morton and Richard Cook in The Penguin Jazz Guide: The History of the Music in the 1000 Best Albums called the album "wonderful".

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Terence Blanchard

## Personnel

Band
* Terence Blanchard – trumpet, composer, producer
* Chris Thomas – bass
* Troy Davis – drums
* Edward Simon – piano
* Kenny Garrett – tenor saxophone
Production
* James P. Nichols – engineer
* Dr. George Producer – executive producer

## Chart performance

| Chart (1995) | Peak position |
| US Traditional Jazz Albums (Billboard) | 17 |
# Smoke Monday

Quindarious "Smoke" Monday (born February 19, 2000) is an American professional football safety. He played college football at Auburn.

## Early life

Monday attended Carver High School in Atlanta, Georgia. Monday was a four-star recruit and the sixth ranked athlete in the class of 2018. Monday decided to attend Auburn University over various Power 5 offers.

## College career

As a freshman, Monday totaled 13 tackles, two sacks, and one interception. Monday's first career start was against Ole Miss, where he was almost ejected for targeting. In his sophomore season, Monday recorded 20 tackles, one sack, and one interception that was returned for a touchdown in the 2019 Iron Bowl. Monday played in all 11 of Auburn's games in 2020 and recorded 64 tackles, one sack, one forced-fumble, and two interceptions. He had a 100-yard interception return for a touchdown in a 30–17 victory over Tennessee. He was named to the Second-team All-Southeastern Conference (SEC). In Monday's senior season, he tallied 58 tackles, two sacks, and one interception. The interception was a pick six tying Monday for the Auburn record for most interceptions returned for a touchdown in Auburn history with three. At the regular season's end, Monday announced he would declare for the 2022 NFL draft following the Tiger's bowl game. In his final collegiate game, Monday recorded five tackles before being ejected for targeting.

## Professional career

Pre-draft measurables :
| Height | Weight | Arm length | Hand span | 40-yard dash | 10-yard split | 20-yard split | 20-yard shuttle | Three-cone drill | Vertical jump | Broad jump | Bench press |
| 6 ft 1+3⁄4 in (1.87 m) | 207 lb (94 kg) | 32+1⁄2 in (0.83 m) | 9+1⁄8 in (0.23 m) | 4.52 s | 1.54 s | 2.63 s | 4.42 s | 6.87 s | 30.0 in (0.76 m) | 10 ft 4 in (3.15 m) | 10 reps |
| Sources: ||||||||||||

### New Orleans Saints

Monday signed with the New Orleans Saints as an undrafted free agent on April 30, 2022. On August 2, Monday suffered a torn ACL during practice, which prematurely ended his season. He was placed on injured reserve on August 5.
On August 28, 2023, Monday was released by New Orleans.

### Montreal Alouettes

On January 30, 2024, Monday signed with the Montreal Alouettes of the Canadian Football League. He was released on June 2, 2024.
# Jericho Petilla

Carlos Jericho "Icot" Loreto Petilla (born April 29, 1963) is a Filipino politician. He ran as a senator under the Liberal Party during the 2016 Philippine general election. A former Secretary of Energy during the administration of Benigno Aquino III, he is currently serving as Governor of Leyte since 2022 and previously from 2004 to 2012.

## Early life

Petilla was born on April 29, 1963, the son of politicians Leopoldo Petilla and Remedios Loreto. He finished his Bachelor of Science in Management Engineering at the Ateneo de Manila University, the same school he attended during his high school days. After finishing college, Petilla became a college instructor and taught Computer programming subjects in Ateneo de Manila University for five years. He also became an IT consultant to various multinational companies.
His business interests included the IDCSI (International Data Conversion Solution Inc.) based in Mandaluyong, and FPOSI (Freight Process Outsourcing Solutions Inc) based in Palo, Leyte, where he is both president and chief executive officer (CEO). He is also the part-owner and consultant of DDC (Direct Data Capture) with business offices in the United Kingdom and New York, and Datahold in London.

## Political career

In the 2004 Philippine general election, he divested his shares in his private investments to make a bid for governor of Leyte. He won during that year's election, defeating Sergio Apostol, a three-term congressman and then Presidential Legal Adviser.
His first 100 days in office saw the drafting of the Implementing Rules and Regulations of the Leyte Provincial Investment Code of 2004. The code aims to encourage investors to locate in Leyte with the salient feature of getting a 100% real property tax holiday for 5 years.
Petilla also supported the Philippine Economic Zone Authority (PEZA) in approving the application of the Provincial Government of Leyte to convert the 6.9 hectares lot at Barangay Pawing, Palo, Leyte, where the developed Leyte Academic Center is located, into the Leyte Information Communication Technology (ICOT) Park.

### 2007 elections

Petilla accepted the nomination of the ruling Lakas-CMD party as one of its candidates for Senator under TEAM Unity in the 2007 Philippine general election. However, only days after he filed his candidacy, he withdrew his name from the coalition, with Boholano actor Cesar Montano acting as his replacement in the slate.

### 2016 elections

In June 2015, he stepped down as Secretary of Energy to prepare for a senatorial bid. He ran for senator under the Koalisyon ng Daang Matuwid led by the Liberal Party (LP). His campaign centered on three major advocacies: energy, education and health. He failed to win a Senate seat, placing 18th out of 50 candidates with around 6.3 million votes.

## Personal life

Petilla is the son of former Leyte governors Leopoldo E. Petilla (1992–1995) and Remedios "Matin" Loreto-Petilla (1995–2004). He is married to Frances Ann Basilio, former mayor of Palo, Leyte from 2019 until 2022, and they have five children. His brother Leopoldo Dominico, also known as "Mic", was governor from 2013 until 2022.