OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Social movement organization

A social movement organization (SMO) is an organized component of a social movement.
SMOs are generally seen as the components of a social movement. The movement's goals can be much more narrow, or much broader, than the SMOs' goals.

## Description

The term SMO entered literature through the work of Mayer N. Zald and Roberta Ash (Zald, Mayer N. and Roberta Ash, Social Movement Organizations: Growth, Decay and Change. Social Forces 44:327-341, 1966). In social movement theory, a social movement organization is an organized component of a social movement (SM). An SMO is usually only a part of a particular social movement; in other words, a specific social movement is usually composed of many social movement organizations – formal organizations that share the movement's goals. Social movement organizations usually have coordinating roles in social movements, but do not actually employ or direct most of the participants, who are part of a wider social movement community. Social movement organizations carry out the tasks that are necessary for any social movement to survive and to be successful.

## Examples

The civil rights movement was a social movement composed of specific social movement organizations such as the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). These are just three SMOs amongst the hundreds of organizations that helped shape the civil rights movement.
Similarly we can consider Veganism, where organizations such as People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) advocate for vegan lifestyles along with its other aims. But PETA is not the only group to advocate for vegan diets and lifestyles; there are numerous other groups actively engaged toward this end. Thus, the social movement is the general push toward veganism (an effort with numerous motivations) and PETA is only a single SMO working within the broader social movement.
The peace movement is composed of many groups that want peace – groups that classify as SMOs such as Peace Action (SANE/FREEZE), Fellowship of Reconciliation and others. The Ku Klux Klan is yet another SMO – part of the white supremacist movement. Al-Qaeda, acting as a coordinating body for a large number of loosely connected anti-American organizations and individuals, is another example of a social movement organization.

## Social Movement Industry (SMI)

An organizational equivalent of a particular social movement – a collection of all SMOs focused on a given field – is known as a Social Movement Industry (SMI). Social Movement Industries are similar to social movements in scope but are seen as having more structure. Social movement industries can be combined into one Social Movement Sector in the society.
# Lycaena gorgon

Lycaena gorgon, known generally as the gorgon copper or stream water-crowfoot, is a species of copper in the butterfly family Lycaenidae. It is found in North America, mainly in California.
The MONA or Hodges number for Lycaena gorgon is 4255.

## Description

Undersides of wings for both sexes is whitish with black spots, with reddish-orange spots on hindwings close to the margin. The uppersides of males' wings are brown with purple sheen, while the upperside of female's wings are brown with yellow markings and black spots.

## Habitat and biology

This butterfly is found in foothills, including chaparral, woodland, and canyons. Its host plant is Eriogonum nudum, and adults feed on flowers of that plant in addition to a variety of others, including milkweed and Eriophyllum lanatum. There is a single annual brood lasting between March and July.

## Subspecies

These four subspecies belong to the species Lycaena gorgon:
* Lycaena gorgon dorothea J. Emmel & Pratt in T. Emmel, 1998
* Lycaena gorgon gorgon (Boisduval, 1852)
* Lycaena gorgon jacquelineae J. Emmel & Pratt in T. Emmel, 1998
* Lycaena gorgon micropunctata J. Emmel & Pratt in T. Emmel, 1998
# Tobias Manderson-Galvin

Tobias Alexander Edward Manderson-Galvin (born 19 August 1984) is an Australian actor, satirist, performance poet, and playwright. He is co founder and CEO/Artistic Director of Melbourne's new writing theatre: MKA: Theatre of New Writing. and UK/Aus company Doppelgangster.

## Summary

Manderson-Galvin's distinctive theatre runs the gamut from docu-drama to black comedy, vaudeville to hyper-realism making him a notable Australian theatre maker. He's also distinguished by his increasingly large body of work. Manderson-Galvin writes and appears in much of his theatre also directing the majority of it. For inspiration, Manderson-Galvin draws heavily on his training as a ballet dancer, philosophy, sociology, and his Jewish and Irish heritage. He's performed on stages diverse as the Melbourne Theatre Company, Kings Cross Theatre, a carpark, and an old tip.
His writing has appeared in academic publications, poetry anthologies, and briefly for Daily Review.

## Public Controversies

On Melbourne Cup Day, 2023, when at a Coalition for the Protection of Racehorses 'Nup to the Cup' event Manderson-Galvin performed a poem that called for racegoers to be murdered. According to The Age Newspaper this attracted a police investigation. Manderson-Galvin stated the poem was satirical and was disbelieving that any one could have thought otherwise.
In December 2011 Manderson-Galvin's stage-thriller 'The Economist' - a play responding to the 2011 Norway attacks - generated controversy in Australia when Manderson-Galvin repeated to media that the killer had cited former Australian Prime Minister John Howard and Treasurer Peter Costello in his manifesto. Writing for the Age critic John Bailey challenged the reactionary reporting noting that comments like sent shockwaves across the globe andcritics have savaged had been reported before the production had even opened.

## Selected stage works

* Everybody Loses(2017-19), Writer/Deviser, Doppelgangster, Aberystwyth Arts Centre (Wales), La Générale (Paris), Vault Festival (London), Performance Lab (Sheffield), Tom Thumb (Margate), Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), The Projector (Singapore), Backbone Arts (Brisbane), MKA Theatre (Melbourne), Kings Cross Theatre (Sydney), Apparat Athen (Athens)
* A Public Reading of an Unproduced Screenplay about the Death of Disney (2016), Director/Performer, MKA: Theatre of New Writing, Provocare Festival
* Doppelgangster's TITANIC (2015–16), co-writer + performer, Doppelgangster, (Cardiff, Experimentica; Paris, ArtCOP21; Aberystwyth, Site2Safle2 Festival; Melbourne, Hot!Hot!Hot! Festival)
* Lucky (2015), Playwright, MKA: Theatre of New Writing in association with Melbourne Theatre Company's NEON Festival
* Please Don't Talk About Me When Im Gone (2015), Playwright, MKA: Theatre of New Writing + Les Foules, VAULT Festival (Winner, Outstanding New Production, Vault Awards)
* Thank You, Thank You Love (2014), Playwright, Director, Performer, MKA: Theatre of New Writing + HYPRTXT Festival
* The Economist (2011), Playwright, MKA: Theatre of New Writing
* Dogmeat (2010)+(2014), Playwright + Performer, MKA: Theatre of New Writing
# Boo Blasters on Boo Hill

Boo Blasters on Boo Hill is an interactive family dark ride designed and manufactured by Sally Corporation. The ride opened in 2010 at four Six Flags amusement parks — Canada's Wonderland, Carowinds, Kings Dominion, and Kings Island. The ride was a slight alteration and replacement of Scooby-Doo! and the Haunted Castle after Cedar Fair (now Six Flags) chose to remove all Hanna-Barbera branding from each of their parks by 2010.

## History

In 2006, Cedar Fair purchased Paramount Parks from CBS. Several of the parks attained in the purchase – Canada's Wonderland, Carowinds, Kings Dominion, and Kings Island – had a dark ride from Sally Corporation themed to the company's Scooby-Doo's Haunted Mansion attraction model. During the 2009-2010 off-season, Cedar Fair began the process of removing Nickelodeon and Hanna-Barbera themes from their recently acquired amusement parks. For the Haunted Mansion rides, Sally Corporation was contracted to remove the Scooby-Doo theme and replace it with a new one. The new theme was called Boo Blasters on Boo Hill, which debuted at all four parks for the 2010 season. With the merger of Cedar Fair and Six Flags (the latter owns the rights to the Warner Bros. characters), it's highly likely that Scooby-Doo will return to the four parks.

## Ride experience

Boo Blasters on Boo Hill is a dark ride with individual ride vehicles on a track at Canada's Wonderland, Carowinds, and Kings Dominion, and a continuous Omnimover-style ride system at Kings Island. Guests use mounted laser guns to fire at lighted targets throughout the ride. Hitting a target enables additional animation, sounds, and special effects, as well as earns each rider points that are tallied and displayed inside the vehicle. The ride layout and special effects varies at each park location. Initially, each park sold disposable ChromaDepth 3-D glasses at the ride's entrance to enhance the blacklight paint effects throughout the ride.

### Kings Island

Guests enter the attraction through the front gates of an old Gothic castle. The queue takes guests through the foyer into the first room, which features large chandeliers, cob webs, and a haunting music track playing in the background. Before boarding the ride, guests walk through a corridor with boarded-up windows on both sides. Once in the vehicle, riders travel through a haunted cemetery and mansion, filled with skeletons and ghosts. The final encounter is with Boocifer, the primary antagonist. The ride ends with a display that shows riders how well their score ranks before exiting the vehicle.
Although Kings Island's version of Boo Blasters was previously Scooby-Doo and the Haunted Castle, the ride system was originally used for Phantom Theater. Phantom Theater maintained the same ride system as its successors, but featured 55 ride vehicles and no interactive elements. The attraction ceased operation in 2002 and became transformed into Scooby-Doo and the Haunted Castle for the 2003 season.
# Rudolf Cranz

Heinz-Rudolf Cranz (2 September 1918 – 22 June 1941) was a German alpine skier who competed in the 1936 Winter Olympics.
He was born in Uccle, Belgium and died in Różaniec, Przemyśl Voivodeship. He was the younger brother of Christl Cranz.
In 1936 he finished sixth in the alpine skiing combined event.
Only a few months after his last German National in 1941 Cranz was killed-in-action during World War II on his first day of battle on the Russian campaign in Rosaniec (Poland), where he served as a corporal in an Alpine division.
# St. Peter's Church in the Great Valley

St. Peter's Church in the Great Valley is a historic Episcopal church in East Whiteland Township, Pennsylvania, a Philadelphia suburb. The church was founded in 1704 as a missionary parish of the Church of England in what was then the colonial Province of Pennsylvania. The parish is part of the Episcopal Diocese of Pennsylvania.

## History
### 18th century

The current stone church building was constructed sporadically between 1728–1744 to replace an earlier wooden building built by 1710. The 1744 building was a stone structure with a medium pitched gable roof measuring 47 feet by 28 feet.
During the American Revolution, the church was used as a hospital by both British and American forces.
After the nearby Battle of Paoli in 1777. the British Army, recognizing St. Peter's as part of the Church of England, oversaw the burial of a British officer (believed to be Captain William Wolfe, commander of the Light Company of the British 40th Regiment of Foot), at least two other unidentified British soldiers, and at least five unidentified American soldiers killed in the battle. The British and American troops are buried side by side along the old west wall of the churchyard. Several small American and British flags are traditionally kept at the graves out of respect for the soldiers from both armies (see illustration, below).

### 19th and 20th centuries

A two-story addition was built in 1856, and the 1+1⁄2-story Parish House added in 1901. Over its three century history, St. Peter's has been led by more than three dozen missionaries and priests. After a series of architectural modernizations (many later referred to as vandalisms) in the nineteenth and early twentieth century, the church was carefully restored in 1944 to somewhat approximate the simplicity of the original 1744 building.
In 1977, the original church building, and the adjacent burial ground, was placed on the National Register of Historic Places.

### 21st century

Early in the 21st century, the growing congregation built a timber-framed parish center and modern worship space designed in a style reminiscent of the original Welsh barns in the area.

## Gallery

* Sheep trim the grass in the graveyard
* A July 1999 black and white photo of the church
* The church's parish office and preschool
* A view of the side of the church in April 2010
* A view of the side of the church in April 2023
* A 1743 gravestone at the church now housed in the Library of Congress
* Common grave of British and American soldiers killed at the Battle of Paoli in the Revolutionary War
# Tour Pleyel

Tour Pleyel is a skyscraper of mixed use, both residential and commercial, located in the commune of Saint-Denis in the suburbs of Paris, France.
Built in 1972, the tower is 129 metres tall. At the top is a large turning advertising sign, in place since 1997 (the advertisement was firstly for Philips, then for Siemens from 2006 to 2013, and is currently for Kia Motors). Including that advertising sign, the total height of the tower is 143 m.
The tower has been built at the former location of the Pleyel et Cie factories. Several projects have been proposed since 1959, the one which had been adopted was planning the building of 4 identical towers in the middle of a large urban park of 4 ha. Plans for heliports on the roofs of the towers were even made. Only one of the originally planned towers has been built.
The tower is located nearby the metro station of Carrefour Pleyel on Line 13.
# Tomasz Nagórka

Tomasz Nagórka (born 2 October 1967, in Łódź) is a retired Polish athlete specialising in the sprint hurdles. He won the silver medal at the 1992 European Indoor Championships. In addition he represented his country at the 1991 World Championships.
His personal bests are 13.35 seconds in the 110 metres hurdles (Piła 1990) and 7.54 seconds in the 60 metres hurdles (Liévin 1992).

## Competition record

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Poland ||||||
| 1985 | European Junior Championships | Cottbus, East Germany | 10th (sf) | 110 m hurdles | 14.46 |
| 1989 | European Indoor Championships | The Hague, Netherlands | 7th | 60 m hurdles | 7.81 |
| 1989 | World Indoor Championships | Budapest, Hungary | 9th (sf) | 60 m hurdles | 7.77 |
| 1989 | Universiade | Duisburg, West Germany | 5th (sf) | 110 m hurdles | 13.41$^1$ |
| 1990 | European Indoor Championships | Glasgow, United Kingdom | 5th | 60 m hurdles | 7.64 |
| 1990 | European Championships | Split, Yugoslavia | 4th | 110 m hurdles | 13.55 |
| 1991 | World Championships | Tokyo, Japan | – | 110 m hurdles | DNF |
| 1992 | European Indoor Championships | Genoa, Italy | 2nd | 60 m hurdles | 7.69 |
| 1994 | European Indoor Championships | Paris, France | 8th (sf) | 60 m hurdles | 7.69 |
$^1$Did not start in the final
# Günther Stranner

Günther Stranner (born 26 April 1967 in Gmund) is an Austrian former ski jumper who competed from 1984 to 1991. He won silver in the team large hill event at the 1985 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Seefeld and earned his best individual finish of 39th in the large hill event at the 1989 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Lahti.
Stranner also competed in the Ski Flying World Championships, finishing 5th in the 1988 event. His best individual finish was 3rd twice (1985, 1988) during his career. He also competed at the 1988 Winter Olympics.
# 1985 United Kingdom budget

The 1985 United Kingdom budget was delivered by Nigel Lawson, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, to the House of Commons on 19 March 1985. The second budget to be presented by Lawson, it was held shortly after the end of the year-long 1984–85 miners' strike. The chancellor said the cost of the strike on public borrowing had impacted on his plans for tax reductions, although he did make some changes to income tax personal allowances and stamp duty. Changes to National Insurance were also announced, but threatened to place extra costs on employers.

## Overview

In his statement, the chancellor told the House that the miners' strike had cost the government an extra £2.75bn in public borrowing, while national output had been reduced by 1% during 1984. He wanted to use the budget to cut taxes, but his programme was far less reaching than he had hoped. He would later claim to have been "boxed in" by the strike, as well as high inflation and high unemployment. Measures announced in the 1985 budget included increasing personal allowances by up to 10%, twice the rate required to keep them abreast with inflation, a move he argued would take 800,000 families out of paying tax. A reform of National Insurance was announced, introducing lower National Insurance bands for employees, while the employers' contribution ceiling was changed to make all earnings subject to the 10.45% rather than just paying up to £265 a week as had previously been the case. Stamp duty was also reformed, with 15 different stamp duties abolished. Road tax was raised from £90 to £100, an increase that was seen as a significant milestone. Excise duty was increased on alcohol and cigarettes, with 1.5p on a pint of beer, 6p on a bottle of wine, 10p on a litre of spirits, 6p on a packet of cigarettes, and 4p on a gallon of petrol.

## Reaction

The potential cost the National Insurance changes would have for employers was of concern to some Conservative MPs, while Neil Kinnock, leader of the Labour Party and leader of the Opposition questioned how the chancellor could afford £2bn to fight the miners, but could not afford to do the same to fight unemployment.
# Mercédesz Stieber

Mercédesz Stieber (born 4 September 1974) is a water polo player from Hungary, who competed for her native country at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece and Beijing 2008. She won the 1994 and 2005 World Championships and the 1991 and 2001 European Championships.
At club level she has played in Hungary and Italy for Budapest Honvéd, Orvosegyetem SC, Szentesi VK (1992–96), Gifa Palermo (1996–01), Orizzonte Catania (2001–03), Pescara (2003–04), Fiorentina (2004–09) and RN Imperia, where she currently serves as a player-coach. She has won three European Cups with Szentesi, Catania and Fiorentina; two LEN Trophies with Palermo and Imperia; three Hungarian championships; and three Italian championships.
# Stan Flashman

Stanley Flashman (3 December 1936 – 21 December 1999) was a British ticket tout and football team chairman. He claimed he could obtain tickets for almost anything, from sports events to the Queen's Garden Parties at Buckingham Palace.
He claimed he sold his first ticket for a game featuring Tottenham Hotspur in 1960. He was known as Fat Stan due to being overweight all his life and, by 1975, weighed over 19 stone. He became Britain's number one ticket tout.

## Chairmanship of Barnet

In 1985, he took over as chairman of struggling Barnet Football Club who were heading towards receivership. Buying the club cost him just £50,000. Almost immediately the team improved and, with Barry Fry as manager, Barnet won the Conference and promotion to the Football League in 1991. Despite Fry's success as manager, he and Flashman had their differences and Fry was regularly sacked and then reinstated by Flashman.
He resigned as chairman in 1993 after they had narrowly avoided bankruptcy and expulsion from the Football League.
In 1995, Barnet goalkeeper, coach and manager Gary Phillips said of Flashman, "A lot of people knock Stan and I had my run ins with him as much as anyone but at the end of the day he did save the place once. When he was good he was very, very, generous, and most of the time he looked after the lads well. Unfortunately when it went sour he, maybe, could have handled things a lot better".

## Death

Flashman died in 1999 after a long period of suffering from Alzheimer's disease.
# Václav Eusebius František, Prince of Lobkowicz

Václav Eusebius František, Prince of Lobkowicz (German: Fürst Wenzel Eusebius von Lobkowicz; 30 January 1609 – 22 April 1677) was a Bohemian nobleman, military leader and diplomat. He was member of the Lobkowicz family and after 1646, he was Duke of Sagan.

## Life

Born in Roudnice in the noble Lobkowicz family, he was the son of Bohemian Chancellor Zdeněk Vojtěch Popel of Lobkowicz and Polyxena of Pernštejn. He was a passionate advocate of Catholic doctrine and succeeded, with clever tactics, in amassing a considerable fortune for the Roudnice branch of the family.
After a thorough training, he joined the Imperial Army in 1631, where he raised his own regiment to fight in the Thirty Years' War and reached the rank of field marshal. He later made a name as a politician and diplomat, holding the titles of President of the Imperial War Council (from 1652) and President of the Imperial Privy Council (from 1669). In 1646 he purchased the Silesian Duchy of Sagan which Emperor Ferdinand III had confiscated in 1634 after the death of the imperial commander Albrecht von Wallenstein. He extensively renovated his family's properties, overseeing the remodeling of the Lobkowicz Palace by Italian Baroque architects and the transformation of Roudnice Castle from a ruin to the family seat.
As a confidant of Emperor Leopold I, he was appointed President of the Hofrat in 1657, and Obersthofmeister in 1665. Although his parents - especially his mother, the daughter of a Spanish noblewoman - were pro-Spanish, he sought allies at the French court, thus creating many enemies amongst the Spanish supporters at the Habsburg court in Vienna. Because of their intervention, he fell out of favor with the Emperor in 1674. He was arrested and imprisoned in Roudnice, where he died 3 years later.

## Marriage and children

Václav Eusebius married Johana Myšková of Žlunice (1600–1650) on 3 November 1638. They had no children.
His second marriage was on 6 February 1653 with Auguste Sophie von Pfalz-Sulzbach (1624–1682), daughter of Duke Augustus, Count Palatine of Sulzbach. They had 5 children:
* Stillborn son (1654)
* Ferdinand August (1655–1715), 3rd Prince of Lobkowicz, Duke of Sagan
* Philipp Ferdinand Adalbert (1656–1659)
* Marie Hedwig Sophie (1658–1660)
* Franz Wilhelm (1659–1698)
# Michał Lewandowski

Michał Lewandowski (born 2 August 1996) is a Polish professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for IV liga Subcarpathia club Sokół Kolbuszowa Dolna.

## Club career

Lewandowski started his football with polish club Stal Mielec before moving to Italy and signing with second division side Crotone. He played for the club in the youth Campionato Nazionale Primavera before leaving the start of the 2016–17 season due to needing to have surgery on his wrist.
In 2016, he started his senior career with Avezzano in the Italian fourth division where he would play in 33 matches, keeping 10 clean sheets. Lewandowski then went on to sign with Italian third division club Teramo who he played for, for four years making 69 appearances in the championship and the cup, keeping 24 clean sheets. His time at the club also included a brief spell at Monopoli.
On 3 August 2021, he signed a two-year contract for Messina.
On 6 November 2022, he scored the second goal in a 3–2 home Serie C league win against Monterosi by means of a free kick from his own half.
On 9 September 2023, after spending the summer training with Stal Mielec's reserve team, Lewandowski joined IV liga club Sokół Kolbuszowa Dolna.