OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lava tree mold

A lava tree mold, sometimes erroneously called a lava tree cast, is a hollow lava formation that formed around a tree trunk. They are created when lava flows through an area of trees, coating their exterior. The lava cools just enough to create a solid crust around the trunk, but the tree inside burns away leaving a cavity. Molds of trees may be vertical or horizontal. In many cases, mold formation requires slow moving lava, as well as enough time for the mold to chill.

## Methane explosions

A unique phenomenon may occur during the formation of vertical tree molds. As the lava-encased tree burns away, the roots are heated up and generate a "producer" gas, such as methane. If the roots penetrate into a cavity, such as a lava tube or tumulus crack, it may come into contact with oxygen. Because there is a source of heat already present, the charred root or the lava itself, a methane explosion may follow if the oxygen and producer gas mixture is between 5 and 15% (volume-percent fuel).
# Group 19 Rugby League (1974–1979)

The Group 19 Rugby League (1974–1979) was a rugby league competition, held in the area around Canberra, the broader Australian Capital Territory and Southern New South Wales. The competition merged with Group 8 in 1979 to form the ACTRL and Canberra District Rugby League, which again combined to form the Canberra Division system in 1982.
The Canberra Rugby League considers the competition part of its history.

## Former clubs

| Club | Moniker | Years | Premierships |
| Batemans Bay | Tigers | | None |
| Belconnen United | Panthers | 1974–79 | 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979 |
| Canberra | Gallopers | 1974–79 | None |
| Lakes United | Sharks | | None |
| North Canberra | Bears | 1974–79 | 1974 |
| South Woden | Saints | 1974–79 | None |
| West Belconnen | Warriors | | None |
| Weston Creek | Rabbitohs | 1978–81 | None |

## Group 19 Premiers
### Group 19 First Grade Premiers

| Year | Winner | Score | Loser | Referee | Venue | Date | Source |
| Group 19 Premiership ||||||||
| 1974 | North Canberra Bears | 12 – 9 | Batemans Bay Tigers | B. Foran | Manuka Oval Canberra | 8 September 1974 | CT |
| 1975 | Belconnen United Panthers | 17 – 11 | South Woden Saints | N. Bissett | Manuka Oval Canberra | 14 September 1975 | CT |
| 1976 | Belconnen United Panthers (2) | 22 – 5 | West Belconnen Warriors | N. Bissett | Northbourne Oval Canberra | 29 August 1976 | CT |
| 1977 | Belconnen United Panthers (3) | 24 – 14 | West Belconnen Warriors | B. Foran | Manuka Oval Canberra | 4 September 1977 | CT |
| 1978 | Belconnen United Panthers (4) | 22 – 13 | Lakes United Sharks | N. Bissett | Northbourne Oval Canberra | 3 September 1978 | CT |
| 1979 | Belconnen United Panthers (5) | 20 – 18 | Canberra Gallopers | K. Pickard | Northbourne Oval Canberra | 23 September 1979 | CT |

### Group 19 Reserve Grade Premiers

| Year | Winner | Score | Loser | Venue | Date |
| 1974 | South Woden Saints | 16 – 10 | North Canberra Bears | Manuka Oval Canberra | 8 September 1974 |
| 1975 | South Woden Saints (2) | 18 – 13 | Lakes United Sharks | Manuka Oval Canberra | 14 September 1975 |
| 1976 | Lakes United Sharks | 22 – 7 | Belconnen United Panthers | Northbourne Oval Canberra | 29 August 1976 |
| 1977 | Lakes United Sharks (2) | 8 – 7 | Weston Creek | Manuka Oval Canberra | 4 September 1977 |
| 1978 | Belconnen United Panthers | 12 – 8 | Lakes United Sharks | Northbourne Oval Canberra | 3 September 1978 |
| 1979 | Canberra Gallopers | 22 – 3 | South Woden Saints | Northbourne Oval Canberra | 23 September 1979 |

### Group 19 Under 18s Premiers

| Year | Winner | Score | Loser | Venue | Date |
| Group 19 Under 18's ||||||||
| 1975 | Lakes United Sharks | 5 – 3 | Belconnen United Panthers | Manuka Oval Canberra | 14 September 1975 |
| 1976 | Lakes United Sharks (2) | 26 – 2 | Batemans Bay Tigers | Northbourne Oval Canberra | 29 August 1976 |
| 1977 | Lakes United Sharks (3) | 26 – 3 | North Canberra Bears | Manuka Oval Canberra | 4 September 1977 |
| 1979 | Belconnen United Panthers | 24 – 5 | Canberra Gallopers | Northbourne Oval Canberra | 23 September 1979 |
# Paraliparis eastmani

Paraliparis eastmani, the thickskin snailfish, is a species of snailfish found in the south-western Pacific Ocean.

## Size

This species reaches a length of 18.3 cm (7.2 in).

## Etymology

The fish is named in honor of Joseph T. Eastman (b. 1944), of Ohio University, for his "valuable" studies on the natural history, physiology, and origins of Antarctic fishes
# Careproctus shigemii

Careproctus shigemii is a species of snailfish found near Hokkaido, Japan.

## Etymology

The fish is named in honor of Shigemi Fujimoto, who was a fisherman of Rausu, Hokkaido, Japan, who assisted the authors' team in collecting various marine organisms, including this species, and who greatly contributed to their efforts to study and understand the marine biodiversity of the Rausu and Shiretoko Peninsula, which is a World Heritage Area.
# Hugh McKenzie (Manitoba politician)

Hugh McKenzie (January 20, 1870 – 1957) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1927 to 1936.
The son of John McKenzie and Eliza Hogan, McKenzie was educated at Lovant, and served sixteen years as a municipal councillor and reeve in Deloraine, Manitoba. In 1895, he married Elfreda Potter.
He was first elected to the Manitoba legislature in the 1927 provincial election as a Progressive, defeating Conservative candidate A.G. Hainsworth by 160 votes. The Progressives won the election, and McKenzie served as a backbench supporter of John Bracken's government.
In 1932, the Progressives formed an alliance with the provincial Liberal Party. Government members became known as "Liberal-Progressives", and it was under this banner that McKenzie was re-elected in the 1932 campaign. He did not seek re-election in 1936.
# Paraliparis hystrix

Paraliparis hystrix is a species of fish in the family Liparidae (snailfish).

## Description

Paraliparis hystrix is up to 14 cm (5.5 in) long. It is white in colour with a black belly and tail.
Its specific name is from Ancient Greek ὕστριξ (hystrix), meaning "bristly". It has no common name in English, but is known in Danish as mørkhalet dybhavsringbug, "dark-tailed deep-sea seasnail".

## Habitat

Paraliparis hystrix lives in the north Atlantic Ocean and in Canada's arctic waters off the Davis Strait. It is benthic and bathydemersal, living at 250–1,150 m (820–3,770 ft).
# Dave Souter

Dave Souter (30 March 1940 – 11 March 2020) was a Scottish professional footballer.
# Frederick Laurence Schaffner

Frederick Laurence Schaffner (August 18, 1855 – May 22, 1935) was a Canadian physician and politician.
Born in Williamstown, Nova Scotia, the son of William C. Schaffner and A. Schaffner, his father of German and his mother of English descent, Schaffner was received a B.A. degree from Acadia University and a M.D., C.M. degree from Trinity College in Toronto. He was a member of the Manitoba Board of Health, a coroner, and Health Officer of the municipalities of Morton and Boissevain. He was a city councillor and Mayor of Boissevain, Manitoba.
Schaffner was elected to the House of Commons of Canada for the Manitoba electoral district of Souris in the 1904 federal election. A Conservative, he was re-elected in 1908 and 1911. During World War I, he was a medical officer in the Royal Canadian Army Medical Corps. In 1917, he was summoned to the Senate of Canada on the advice of Robert Laird Borden representing the senatorial division of Souris, Manitoba. He served until his death in 1935.
# Jim Souness

James McGill Souness (9 November 1928 – 2 September 1990) was a Scottish footballer and cricketer. Souness played for both of the Edinburgh derby rivals, Hibs and Hearts. An outside right, Souness was unable to break into the Hibs team ahead of Scotland international Gordon Smithalthough was involved in them winning the League in the 1950/51 season . He moved to Hearts in 1953 and helped the club win the 1954–55 Scottish League Cup. Souness retired from playing football soon afterwards, when he became a qualified actuary.
Souness played in three first class matches for the Scotland cricket team.
After retiring from competitive sport, Souness climbed over 200 of the Scottish Munros. In September 1990, he was killed in a climbing accident on the Jungfrau mountain in Switzerland, the day after he retired. His sons witnessed the accident.
# Mastery (book)

Mastery is the fifth book by the American author Robert Greene. The book examines the lives of historical figures such as Charles Darwin and Henry Ford, as well as the lives of contemporary leaders such as Paul Graham, Temple Grandin, Teresita Fernández, Yoky Matsuoka and Freddie Roach, and examines what led to their success. The book was published on November 13, 2012 by Viking Adult.

## Origins

The book originated from a realization that Greene reached while writing and researching his previous books; Greene concluded that the people he studied had similar paths to success. After finishing The 50th Law, Greene focused on this concept in writing Mastery.

## Synopsis

Mastery explains how to become successful by examining the lives of historical figures such as Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Albert Einstein, as well as through Greene's interviews with contemporary figures such as Teresita Fernández, Cesar Rodriguez, and Daniel Everett.

## Reception

Mastery reached #6 on The New York Times Bestseller list and was featured in The New York Times, CNN Money, The Huffington Post, Business Insider, Forbes, Management Today, and Fast Company.
# Jennifer Foerster

Jennifer Elise Foerster is a poet, writer, and teacher. She has published three poetry books and served as Associate Editor for When the Light of the World Was Subdued Our Songs Came Through, A Norton Anthology of Native Nations Poetry (2020), and has been published in numerous journal publications and anthologies. Her 2013 book Leaving Tulsa was a finalist for the shortlist of the 2014 PEN Open Book Award.

## Early life and family

Foerster's father was in the U.S. Air Force, so she grew up living in many cities in the U.S. and Europe. While she is now based in San Francisco, California, Foerster belongs to the Muscogee Nation, a Native American Nation located in Oklahoma. In addition to her Mvskoke relatives, she is of German and Dutch heritage.

## Education

Foerster earned her Bachelor of Fine Arts from the Institute of American Indian Arts, Master of Fine Arts from Vermont College of Fine Arts, and PhD in Literary Arts from the University of Denver. She also has received fellowships, including the NEA Creative Writing Fellowship (2017), a Lannan Foundation Writing Residency Fellowship (2014), a Robert Frost Fellow in Poetry at Breadloaf (2017), and a Wallace Stegner Fellow in Poetry at Stanford (2008–2010).

## Works

Her poetry works are:
* Leaving Tulsa (University of Arizona Press, 2013)
* Bright Raft in the Afterweather (University of Arizona Press, 2018)
* The Maybe-Bird (The Song Cave, 2022)
# 5th Tennessee Infantry Regiment

The 5th Tennessee Infantry was an infantry regiment from Tennessee that served in the Confederate States Army. The unit was organization at Paris, Henry County, Tennessee, on May 20, 1861. The regiment fought at New Madrid, Battle of Shiloh, Perryville, Murfreesboro, and Chickamauga.
# 5th Texas Cavalry Regiment

Texas Cavalry Regiments (Confederate) :
| Previous | Next |
| 4th Texas Cavalry | 6th Texas Cavalry |
The 5th Texas Cavalry Regiment or 5th Texas Mounted Rifles was a unit of mounted volunteers from Texas that fought in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. The unit was organized at San Antonio in August 1861 for the purpose of invading New Mexico Territory. In 1862, the unit participated in the ultimately unsuccessful New Mexico Campaign. In 1863, the regiment fought at Galveston, Fort Bisland, Irish Bend, Second Donaldsonville, and Sterling's Plantation. In 1864, the unit was in action during the Red River Campaign. After being withdrawn to Texas, the regiment disbanded by June 1865.
# 5th Virginia Cavalry Regiment

The 5th Virginia Cavalry Regiment was a cavalry regiment raised in Virginia for service in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. It fought mostly with the Army of Northern Virginia.
The Virginia 5th Cavalry was organized in June, 1862, using six companies of scouts under Lieutenant Colonel H. Clay Pate known as the 2nd Battalion Virginia Cavalry as its nucleus. These men who had been serving since May and the additional four companies added in June were from Petersburg and Fairfax, Gloucester (Co. F, the Mathews Light Dragoons), King and Queen, Mathews, Randolph, and James City counties.
It was assigned to W.H.F. Lee's, F. Lee's, Lomax's, and Payne's Brigade, Army of Northern Virginia. The unit participated in the Seven Days' Battles, the Second Bull Run and Maryland campaigns, and the conflicts at Fredericksburg, Brandy Station, Upperville, Gettysburg, Bristoe, and Mine Run. Later it was involved at The Wilderness and Cold Harbor, and in Early's Shenandoah Valley operations.
On November 8, 1864, it was consolidated with the 15th Virginia Cavalry and redesignated the 5th Consolidated Regiment Virginia Cavalry. This command took part in the defense of Petersburg and saw action around Appomattox.
Only 150 men were engaged at Gettysburg and 2 surrendered at Appomattox as most cut through the Federal lines and disbanded. The field officers were Colonels Reuben B. Boston, H. Clay Pate, and Thomas L. Rosser; Lieutenant Colonel James H. Allen; and Majors Beverly B. Douglas, John Eells, Cyrus Harding, Jr., and John W. Puller.
# 61st Virginia Infantry Regiment

The 61st Virginia Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment raised in Virginia for service in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. It fought mostly with the Army of Northern Virginia. The core of what would become the 61st Virginia was organized in Norfolk, Virginia in summer 1861 as the 7th Battalion, Virginia Reserves with eight companies. It served as heavy artillery in the Portsmouth and Norfolk area. However, when these cities were evacuated, the unit was transferred to the infantry and merged into the 61st Regiment being formed in Petersburg, Virginia in October 1862. Lieutenant Colonel Samuel M. Wilson was placed in command. The men of the 61st Virginia were from Portsmouth, and the counties of Norfolk, Isle of Wight, and Greensville. It was assigned to General Mahone's Brigade and which became General Weisinger's Brigade, Army of Northern Virginia upon General Mahone's promotion to Division Commander.
The 61st participated in many battles from Sharpsburg to Cold Harbor, endured the hardships of the Petersburg trenches south of the James River, and ended the war at Appomattox. It reported 1 wounded at Fredericksburg, had 4 killed and 28 wounded at Chancellorsville, and lost about eight percent of the 356 at Gettysburg.
The regiment surrendered 10 officers and 107 men. Its field officers were Colonels Virginius D. Groner and Samuel M. Wilson, Lieutenant Colonels William F. Niemeyer and William H. Stewart, and Major Charles R. McAlpine.
Company F was known as the "Isle of Wight Avengers."
The battle flag of the regiment is currently displayed in the visitor center at Appomattox Court House.
# 63rd United States Colored Infantry Regiment

The 63rd United States Colored Infantry Regiment was a U.S.C.T. infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War. It was reformed from the 9th Louisiana Infantry (African Descent) (which continued to exist as 5th U.S. Colored Heavy Artillery) in March 1864 and served, commanded by Colonel John Eaton, in various garrison posts in Mississippi. It was mustered out on January 9, 1866.
# 64th United States Colored Infantry Regiment

The 64th Regiment United States Colored Troops was a U.S.C.T. infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War. It was organized from the 7th Louisiana Infantry (African Descent) in March 1864. It served in various garrison duties in Mississippi until it was mustered out on March 13, 1866.
# Kazimierz Dąbrowski (field hockey)

Kazimierz Dąbrowski (born 14 February 1936) is a Polish field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1960 Summer Olympics.
# Jan Flinik

Jan Flinik (9 October 1932 in Gniezno – 27 April 2017 in Gniezno) was a Polish field hockey player who competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics and in the 1960 Summer Olympics.
He was part of the Polish field hockey team, which competed in the 1952 Olympic tournament. He played as forward in the only match for Poland in the main tournament as well as in one match in the consolation tournament.
Eight years later in the 1960 Olympic tournament he played all four matches for Poland.
Flinik died in his native city Gniezno on 27 April 2017 at the age of 84.
# Stefan Wegnerski

Stefan Wegnerski (born 25 June 1950) is a Polish field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1972 Summer Olympics.
# 6th Massachusetts Battery

The 6th Massachusetts Battery (or 6th Battery, Massachusetts Light Artillery) was an artillery battery that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. The unit was one of the Massachusetts regiments organized in response to President Abraham Lincoln's call on May 2, 1861 for volunteer troops to serve a term of three-years. The battery trained at Camp Chase in Lowell, Massachusetts. It was assigned to the Department of the Gulf under Major General Benjamin F. Butler and departed Boston by steamship on February 8, 1862. At that time, the unit comprised 145 men armed with two rifled and four smoothbore six-pounder field guns.
The battery performed garrison duty at Ship Island off the Mississippi coast, which served as the staging point for Butler's expedition, until April 15. After proceeding on to New Orleans, the battery served garrison duty in that city until June. One section, consisting of two guns, was temporarily detached and took part in minor raids against Confederate cavalry west of New Orleans. On June 18, the battery was reunited in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Here the battery was again divided and two sections were deployed in demonstrations against Vicksburg, Mississippi for five weeks. Although only lightly engaged during their actions near Vicksburg, the battery suffered its first casualty in battle with one man killed. The battery was reunited in Baton Rouge in July. The battery was heavily engaged in the Battle of Baton Rouge on August 5, 1862 and took additional casualties.
The unit wintered in Thibodaux, Louisiana and in April 1863 took part in the First Bayou Teche Campaign in western Louisiana, being engaged in the Battle of Fort Bisland among other actions. At the close of this campaign, one section of the battery remained at Point Coupee, Louisiana while the other two participated in the Siege of Port Hudson, Louisiana in May and June. During the first assault on Port Hudson in May, the right section of the battery advanced to within 300 yards of the Confederate fortifications and remained in that position for the duration of the siege. During the latter part of 1863, the battery was consolidated to a four gun battery due to losses in combat and from disease. It was stationed at various points in western Louisiana during the fall including Vermillionville and went into winter quarters at New Iberia.
In January 1864, 56 men (nearly the entire unit at that time) reenlisted for a second three-year term and returned to Massachusetts in April for a month's furlough. The 6th Battery returned to New Orleans in June and remained stationed there for the rest of the year, relatively inactive due to their small numbers. Over the course of the year, they received new recruits from Massachusetts until in January 1865 the unit numbered 169 men and was re-equipped with six guns. They remained on garrison duty in New Orleans until July 21, 1865 when they embarked for Boston.
The 6th Massachusetts Battery reached Boston August 1 and was mustered out at Camp Meigs on August 7, 1865. During their service, the unit lost six men killed in action or mortally wounded and 51 men who died from disease.
# Jan Pinczura

Jan Pinczura (born 20 October 1960 in Balin) is a Polish sprint canoeist who competed in the 1980s. Competing in two Summer Olympics, he earned his best finish of fifth in the C-1 500 m event in Seoul in 1988.
# Jan Szpunar

Jan Szpunar (30 October 1952 – 17 March 2017) was a Polish biathlete. He competed in the 20 km individual event at the 1976 Winter Olympics.
# Wojciech Truchan

Wojciech Truchan (born 15 April 1948) is a Polish biathlete. He competed in the 20 km individual event at the 1976 Winter Olympics.
# Grace Preparatory Academy

Grace Preparatory Academy (GPA) is a private, college-preparatory Christian school located in Arlington, Texas, United States. Founded in 1992, it offers programs for Kindergarten through Twelfth Grade students drawn from the Dallas/Fort Worth metroplex. It is the founding member of the National Association of University-Model Schools and is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.

## History

In the spring of 1992, a group of parents met to share their vision for a new model of education that blended the best of their individual public, private, and home-school model experiences. They incorporated the school on December 18, 1992; and held its first day of classes on August 16, 1993. In 2005, the National Association of University Model Schools (NAUMS) — which was founded as the outreach arm of GPA — became a separate entity, and GPA also became accredited with the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS).

## Educational model

GPA was the first to implement the educational model known as the University-Model School (UMS) which combines two elements of educational success, the professional classroom instruction of a teacher and the at-home mentoring of a parent, into a unified, college-like program. Students attend classes on campus two to three days per week, and instruction continues at home on the rest of the week.

## Athletics, academic competition and extracurricular

GPA secondary students compete with other non-public schools in athletic and academic events as a member of the Texas Association of Private and Parochial Schools. Athletic teams include Baseball, Boys' Basketball, Girls' Basketball, Cross Country, Track & Field, Football, Golf, and Volleyball. Academic teams compete in Academic/Speech, Art, and Music. Extracurricular organizations include: Cheerleading, Journalism, Spanish Club, Fellowship of Christian Athletes, and Robotics Club.

## Notable students

* Isaiah Austin, former center for the Baylor Bears and honorary pick in the 2014 NBA draft
* Jamal Branch, professional basketball player
* Justin Forsett, professional football player for the Denver Broncos
* Je'lon Hornbeak, professional basketball player for the Fort Wayne Mad Ants
* Emmanuel Mudiay, professional basketball player for the New York Knicks
* Jordan Mickey, professional basketball player for the Boston Celtics
* Sadiel Rojas, professional basketball player for CB Murcia
* Mike Norvell, Florida State University football head coach