# Lacy (song)

"Lacy" (stylized in all lowercase) is a song by American singer-songwriter Olivia Rodrigo from her second studio album, Guts (2023). Rodrigo wrote it with its producer, Dan Nigro. The song became available as the album's fourth track on September 8, 2023, when it was released by Geffen Records. A folk-pop and indie folk song with influences of theatrical folk, "Lacy" originated from a poem she wrote for a class assignment. The song chronicles Rodrigo's obsession over the beauty of a female figure whom she addresses by the same name and her resulting envy and self-hatred.
Music critics praised the lyricism and production of "Lacy", along with the intensity of Rodrigo's performance. They perceived potential LGBT implications in the song's lyrics. It reached the top 30 in Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, and the United States and entered the charts in some other countries. Rodrigo performed "Lacy" at the Grammy Museum, the Bluebird Café, and a Tiny Desk concert. She included it on the set list of her 2024 concert tour, the Guts World Tour. Noah Kahan covered "Lacy" on BBC Radio 1's Live Lounge, which received positive critical commentary. Kahan's version was released as the B-side to a 7-inch vinyl single in April 2024.

## Background and promotion

Olivia Rodrigo's debut studio album, Sour (2021), was released in May 2021, following which she decided to take a break from songwriting for six months. She conceived the follow-up album, Guts (2023), at the age of 19, while experiencing "lots of confusion, mistakes, awkwardness & good old fashioned teen angst". Dan Nigro returned to produce every single track on it. They wrote over 100 songs, of which Rodrigo included the more rock-oriented tracks on the album because they drew a bigger reaction from her audiences during live shows.
Rodrigo began attending poetry classes at the University of Southern California in 2022. She was required to write a poem during a homework assignment. Rodrigo called it "Lacy" and came up with the titular line while sitting at her kitchen counter: "Lacy, oh Lacy, skin like puff pastry." She described the inspiration as "this sort of all-encompassing envy that I was feeling". Upon liking the poem, Rodrigo transformed it into a song with Nigro as the co-writer. "Lacy" was the first song she conceived by starting with a completely formed lyric and creating the melody later, having usually done both simultaneously. Rodrigo described it as an amusing test for her as an artist and called the final result one of her favorite songs on Guts.
Rodrigo announced the album title on June 26, 2023, and its lead single, "Vampire", was released four days later. On August 1, 2023, she revealed Guts's tracklist, which features "Lacy" as the fourth track. The song became available for digital download on the album, which was released on September 8, 2023. Following the release, it received attention due to the mysterious character of its subject matter, with fans suggesting the song might be about Taylor Swift, Gracie Abrams, or Sabrina Carpenter. When asked about the inspiration, Rodrigo responded: "All my songs are about me and about how I feel, I don't know!"
On September 29, Rodrigo performed "Lacy" at the Bluebird Café. She sang an acoustic version of the song at the Grammy Museum on October 4, 2023. Rodrigo reprised it at the Ace Hotel Los Angeles five days later, in a concert exclusively for American Express cardholders. She performed "Lacy" on a lavender acoustic guitar with a choir as the third song during a Tiny Desk concert in December 2023. The song was included on the set list of Rodrigo's 2024 concert tour, the Guts World Tour. She sings it while wriggling on an upraised dais before several dancers emerge from under it to perform choreography, which Vancouver Sun's Stuart Derdeyn likened to Busby Berkeley's water ballet sequences during the Golden Age of Hollywood. Bows are prominently featured in the routine.

## Composition

"Lacy" is two minutes and 57 seconds long. It was recorded at Amusement Studios in Los Angeles and Electric Lady Studios in New York City. Nigro provided production and vocal production, and he engineered the song with Dani Perez and Chris Kasych. He plays drums, acoustic guitar, electric guitar, bass, and synthesizer. Mitch McCarthy mixed the song at the Wheelhouse Studios in Vancouver, and Randy Merrill mastered it at Sterling Sound in Edgewater, New Jersey.
"Lacy" is an acoustic ballad which has the same folk-pop sound included in some songs on Sour, with influences of theatrical folk. Mikael Wood of the Los Angeles Times believed the song has an indie folk sound reminiscent of the work of Abrams. Its instrumentation is driven by a fingerpicked acoustic guitar. Rodrigo initially sings in a sarcastic tone and delivers her vocals with a contemptuous whisper. The vocals are layered into a harmony, which recalls the work of Lana Del Rey according to Beats Per Minute's Lucas Martins, and leads into an electronic/synthesizer flourish.
The lyrics of "Lacy" depict Rodrigo's jealousy towards a female figure called Lacy. Rodrigo describes her through comparisons as someone who possesses "skin like puff pastry" and "eyes white as daisies". She continues complimenting Lacy during the second verse, calling her "sexy" and referring to her as a reincarnation of French actress Brigitte Bardot. Rodrigo details being tortured by her obsession and constant thoughts about her. Later in the song, she changes almost every line from the first hook and calls Lacy "made of angel dust". Rodrigo's obsession grows into resentment, and she confesses to experiencing self-hatred due to her envy towards its climax: "I just loathe you lately / And I despise my jealous eyes and how hard they fell for you / Yeah, I despise my rotten mind and how much it worships you." Critics compared the song's lyrical theme to Dolly Parton's 1973 single "Jolene" and the track "Jealousy, Jealousy" from Sour. Rob Sheffield of Rolling Stone described it as "a mournful lament about falling under the spell of a femme fantasy ideal".
Based on the physical description of Lacy, such as the Bardot comparison, Time's Moises Mendez II likened her to Swift and Stephanie Soteriou of BuzzFeed News compared her to Carpenter. Critics like Out's Bernardo Sim and Pride's Rachel Kiley wrote about the plausible LGBT implications of the lyrics. Mendez II believed they had a "homoerotic tinge", and Sheffield opined they could be about an imaginary persona or a real-world crush. Reviewers thought they simultaneously describe adulation, envy, and resentment, muddling the difference between jealousy and a sapphic infatuation. Responding to this, Rodrigo stated that she appreciated the more imaginative interpretations of who Lacy is, such as a former version of herself or the inner voice that tells her she is not good enough.

## Critical reception

The lyricism of "Lacy" received positive reviews from music critics. AllMusic's Heather Phares thought the song delves into the complexities of envy and longing with a subtlety that would be impressive from songwriters of any age, and Jason Lipshutz of Billboard believed the chorus's mutating lyrics displayed a "songwriting triumph". Writing for MusicOMH, John Murphy favorably compared it to Lorde's second studio album, Melodrama (2017). Variety's Chris Willman described "Lacy" as Swift's 2015 single "Bad Blood" if it was transformed into a slower beautiful ballad with a more ambivalent and self-reflective tone rather than pure anger. On the other hand, Poppie Platt of The Daily Telegraph thought the song was "downright bad" and criticized the lyric comparing Lacy's skin to puff pastry: "since when was the best way to describe a beautiful face as possessing the sheen of a sausage roll"? Nylon included the same line in its list of Guts's most impeccable lyrics, and GQ included "Lacy, oh, Lacy, I just loathe you lately" in its list of the album's standout and "gutsiest" lyrics.
Some critics praised the intensity of Rodrigo's performance and the production of "Lacy". The Independent's Helen Brown believed she sang with vigor, similarly to Tori Amos, and Wood thought her "breath [sounded] almost uncomfortably hot on the microphone". Sowing of Sputnikmusic praised the vocal layering as beautiful and opined that Rodrigo sounded divine on the song. Its production was described as airy, delicate, and dreamy, with The New York Times's Jon Caramanica drawing comparisons to Swift's 2020 album Folklore. Matthew Kim of The Line of Best Fit thought the strummed guitars and ascending vocals created an intimacy that surpassed all of her previous work. Writing for The Wall Street Journal, Mark Richardson believed the harmony was refined and attractive and the music was engaging enough to counter some of its awkward lyrics.
Wood believed "Lacy" was among the most majestic songs on Guts. Sheffield ranked the song as Rodrigo's 16th-best in September 2023, describing it as one of the most puzzling and mysterious tracks on Guts. He picked his favorite lyric: "I despise my rotten mind, and how much it worships you." Willman and Steven J. Horowitz placed it at number six on Variety's list of the best songs of 2023; Willman remarked that "Rodrigo makes poetry out of insecurity like nobodys business", called the chorus "drop-dead gorgeous, and its melody “Bardot reincarnate”.

## Commercial performance

"Lacy" debuted at number 23 on the US Billboard Hot 100 issued for September 23, 2023. In Canada, the song entered at number 24 on the Canadian Hot 100 issued for the same date and was certified gold by Music Canada. In the United Kingdom, it debuted at number 26 on the Official Audio Streaming Chart and number 24 on Billboard. "Lacy" received a silver certification in the United Kingdom from the British Phonographic Industry, and the Official Charts Company declared it her 19th-biggest song in the country in February 2024. In Australia, the song entered at number 25. It debuted at number 16 in New Zealand. "Lacy" charted at number 20 on the Billboard Global 200 . The song also reached national record charts, at number 18 in Ireland, number 52 in Portugal, and number 65 in Greece.

## Noah Kahan cover

Rodrigo performed a cover of American singer-songwriter Noah Kahan's 2022 single "Stick Season" at BBC Radio 1's Live Lounge in October 2023. He responded favorably and sang a live cover of "Lacy" during the same segment on November 23, 2023, alongside a band and Tiny Habits. Kahan chose the song because he believed it highlighted his favorite aspects of Rodrigo's songwriting and its spirited nature made listeners "feel an emotion we've all experienced before". He later described it as one of the most difficult songs he had ever covered in terms of emphasizing the lyrics subtly without letting his voice overpower them.
The rendition received positive reviews from music critics. Billboard's Ashley Iasimone and American Songwriter's Alex Hopper described it as lulling and gentle. Sadie Bell of People believed the cover made "Lacy" a "slowed-down lovelorn ballad", infusing it with longing and sorrow and being tender yet brimming with emotion. Describing the rendition as heartfelt in Consequence, Jo Vito wrote that Kahan used a gentle falsetto while navigating the rise and fall of the melody, and the consistent backbeat, strumming banjo, and layered harmonies merged to create a folksy and robust soundscape during the climax. Uproxx's Lexi Lane believed he emphasized the quieter notes of the song, making it more emotional, and the second verse had an up-tempo folk instrumentation. On the other hand, Eli Ordonez of NME thought the cover had influences of country music. Geffen, Mercury, and Republic Records released a 7-inch colored vinyl single with Rodrigo's cover of "Stick Season" and Kahan's cover of "Lacy" as the A-side and B-side, respectively, on April 20, 2024, to commemorate Record Store Day.

## Credits and personnel

Credits are adapted from the liner notes of Guts.
* Dan Nigro – producer, songwriter, drums, engineer, acoustic guitar, electric guitar, vocal producer, bass, synthesizer
* Olivia Rodrigo – songwriter
* Dani Perez – engineer
* Chris Kasych – engineer
* Austen Healey – assistant recording engineer
* Chappell Roan – background vocals
* Randy Merrill – mastering
* Mitch McCarthy – mixing

## Charts

Chart positions for "Lacy" :
| Chart (2023) | Peak position |
| Australia (ARIA) | 25 |
| Canada (Canadian Hot 100) | 24 |
| Global 200 (Billboard) | 20 |
| Greece (IFPI) | 65 |
| Ireland (Billboard) | 18 |
| New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ) | 16 |
| Portugal (AFP) | 52 |
| UK (Billboard) | 24 |
| UK Streaming (OCC) | 26 |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 23 |

## Certifications

Certifications for "Lacy" :
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Australia (ARIA) | Platinum | 70,000$^‡$ |
| Brazil (Pro-Música Brasil) | Gold | 20,000$^‡$ |
| Canada (Music Canada) | Gold | 40,000$^‡$ |
| New Zealand (RMNZ) | Gold | 15,000$^‡$ |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Silver | 200,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||