OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Debet, Armenia

40°55′03″N 44°38′57″E﻿ / ﻿40.91750°N 44.64917°E﻿ / 40.91750; 44.64917
Debet (Armenian: Դեբետ, also Romanized as Debed; formerly, Khachigyukh) is a village in the Lori Province of Armenia, seated on the right bank of the Pambak river in the northern Lori region of Armenia.
Before being named Debet in 1935 the village had a double name Alereksi-Khachi gyugh. Debet was founded in 1857 by the very well known person in that region named Gevorg Mahtesi. He also had a nickname, Cholakh which translated into English means “limping”. Gevorg Mahtesi lived in the village called Marts which is not far from Debet. What the story tells us is that Mahtesi convinced a number of families from Marts to move to this new location and found a village. There are many words in the Debet colloquial language belonging to the Karabakh language group, which proves that the former homeland of a number of families who moved from Marts to Alereks was Nagorno Karabakh.

## Development programs

In 2015 some programs started to be implemented in Debet by Children of Armenia Fund.
Arts clubs, music and dance clubs, debate clubs, English language instruction, social and psychological assistance, child development center, psychological theater, support to children with learning difficulties, health and lifestyle education, school nutrition & brushodromes, free dental care, women health screenings, support for reproductive health were implemented in the village. Playground, cafeteria and brushodrome were created and renovated in the village by COAF.
In may, 2018 COAF SMART Center was opened in the village of Debet. This is an education hub for children and adults to gain new skills, ideas, create and find new path in their lives.

## Photos

* View to Debet village from the hiking trail to Yeghegnut village
* Entrance to Debet village
* A house in Debet village
* Grazing animals in Debet village
* Bird's eye view of Debet village
* Panoramic view of Debet
# Nueve de Julio Airport

Nueve de Julio Airport (ICAO: SAZX) is a public use airport serving Nueve de Julio, a town in the Buenos Aires Province of Argentina. The airport is in the countryside 6 kilometres (4 mi) northwest of the town.
The Junin VOR (Ident: NIN) is located 51.6 nautical miles (96 km) north of the airport.
# Mario Gonsierowski

Mario Gonsierowski (born 6 July 1956) is a German sports shooter. He competed in the mixed 50 metre rifle prone event at the 1980 Summer Olympics.
# George Smith (Scottish footballer)

George Smith (born 1 June 1935) is a Scottish former footballer who played as a forward, primarily for Partick Thistle.

## Career

Having joined while still a schoolboy at Bathgate Academy, Smith was with Partick Thistle during a relatively successful era for the Jags across the 1950s and early 60s, and played in two of their Scottish League Cup final appearances in the era (all of which were lost) – he was injured in the first against Celtic in 1956, and scored a consolation goal in the second against Heart of Midlothian in the 1958 edition. The club made a challenge for the Scottish Football League title in the 1962–63 season, but lost form after delays caused by a very harsh winter. He did win the Glasgow Cup on two occasions.
Other personal achievements included scoring four goals in a League Cup match against Stirling Albion in one of his first senior appearances, and being selected for the Scottish Football League XI in 1958. He was in the travelling squad for the full Scotland team in May 1957, but due to the importance of the three games in Europe (two important World Cup qualifiers and a friendly against holders West Germany) he was not risked to start, and with no substitutes at that time there was also no option of a later introduction from the bench.
In January 1964, having fallen out of favour at Firhill, Smith transferred to Dundee United in an exchange deal involving Norrie Davidson. The move did not work out, and in his short spell at Tannadice Park – interrupted by a viral infection – he only scored once, having found the net 125 times in all competitions during his decade with Partick. By that summer he had departed to become player-manager at Ballymena United in Northern Ireland.

## Personal life

Outside football he studied at the University of Edinburgh and trained to become a schoolteacher, eventually becoming a senior staff member at Alva Academy by the 1990s. He was an accomplished sprinter, winning a cash prize at the Jedburgh Border Games in 1961. In the 1970s he also worked in broadcasting, providing sports reports for BBC Scotland television.
His son Trevor was also a footballer who played for clubs including Dunfermline Athletic and Hamilton Academical.
# Dairi Kovae

Dairi Kovae is a Papua New Guinean former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1980s. He played for the second division North Sydney Bears in 1988 and the Newcastle Knights in 1989. He played for Papua New Guinea from 1986 to 1989.
His rugby league career started with his local village team, Porebada DCA. Played in the Port Moresby rugby league competition. Won the comps grand final in 1986 and scouted straight to North Sydney Bears in 1988 and transferred to the Newcastle Knights in 1989.

## Playing career

* Porebada DCA - 1985-1986
* North Sydney Bears Reserve grade - 1988
* Newcastle Knights (first grade Debut, Round 2) - 1989
* Rest of the World Team - 1988
* PNG Kumuls - 1986-1989
# Ishq (disambiguation)

Ishq is a word meaning love.
Ishq may also refer to these Indian films:
* Ishq (1997 film), a Bollywood film
* Ishq (album), 2001 album by Junoon
* Ishq (2012 film), a Telugu film
* Ishq (2019 film), a Malayalam film
* Ishq (2021 film), a Telugu film
# Nicolas Fuss

Nicolas Fuss (29 January 1755 – 4 January 1826), also known as Nikolai Fuss, was a Swiss mathematician, living most of his life in Russia.

## Biography

Fuss was born in Basel, Switzerland. He moved to Saint Petersburg to serve as a mathematical assistant to Leonhard Euler from 1773–1783, and remained there until his death. He contributed to spherical trigonometry, differential equations, the optics of microscopes and telescopes, differential geometry, and actuarial science. He also contributed to Euclidean geometry, including the problem of Apollonius.
In 1797, he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. From 1800–1826, Fuss served as the permanent secretary to the Imperial Academy of Sciences in Saint Petersburg. He was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1812. He died in Saint Petersburg.

## Family

Nicolas Fuss was married to Albertine Benedikte Philippine Luise Euler (1766–1822). Albertine Euler was the daughter of Leonhard Euler's eldest son Johann Albrecht Euler (1734-1800) and his wife Anna Sophie Charlotte Hagemeister. Pauline Fuss, a daughter of Nicolas and Albertine, married Russian chemist Genrikh Struve. Nicolas's son Paul Heinrich Fuss (1798–1855) edited the first attempt at a collected works of Euler. Paul Heinrich was a member of the Imperial Academy of Sciences in Saint Petersburg from 1823 and its secretary from 1826. Nicolas's son Georg Albert (1806–1854), was from 1839 an astronomer in Pulkovo and then from 1848 in Vilnius and also published on magnetism.
# West Lane Technology Learning Center

West Lane Technology Learning Center is an online charter school in Elmira, Oregon, United States. It is located on the campus of Elmira High School.

## Academics

In 2008, 43% of the school's seniors received their high school diploma. Of 47 students, 20 graduated, 15 dropped out, and 12 are still in high school.
# John Graham, Earl of Menteith

John Graham, Earl of Menteith (died 28 February 1347) was a Scottish nobleman. Graham became Earl of Menteith by courtesy of his wife, Mary Menteith, Countess of Menteith in her own right, daughter of Alan Menteith, 7th Earl of Menteith.

## Life

John was a son of John de Graham and Marjory Halliday.
He accompanied David II in his invasion of England in 1346. He was present at the battle of Neville's Cross and, when the archers were almost within bowshot, earnestly urged the King to send a body of cavalry to charge them in flank. His advice was unhappily disregarded and when the archers were about to direct their deadly volleys on the serried ranks of the Scottish spearmen, the Earl exclaimed, 'Give me but a hundred horse and I engage to disperse them all; so shall we be able to fight more securely.'
His appeal was, however, unheeded and hastily leaping upon his horse, and followed only by his own retainers, he rushed upon the advancing bowmen but his gallant attack was not supported.
His horse was killed under him and after bravely, but vainly, striving to arrest the advance of the enemy, he was compelled to retire to the main body of the Scottish army. After a stout battle, which lasted for three hours, the Earl was taken prisoner, along with his sovereign, and was imprisoned in the Tower of London.
By the direct orders of the English King, Edward III, he was tried and condemned as a traitor, on the plea that he had at one time sworn fealty to the English King, and was drawn, hanged, beheaded and quartered. This is mentioned in Bernard Cornwell's novel, Vagabond.

## Marriage and issue

By his wife the countess of Menteith, Graham had issue:
* Margaret Graham, Countess of Menteith
# Karakash River

The Karakash or Black Jade River, also spelled Karakax (Chinese: 喀拉喀什河; pinyin: Kālākāshí Hé, Uyghur: قاراقاش دەرياسى, romanized: Qaraqash Deryasi, Қарақаш Дәряси), is a river in the Xinjiang autonomous region of the People's Republic of China that originates in Aksai Chin. It passes through the historical settlement of Xaidulla (Shahidulla or Saitula) and passes by the city of Khotan (Hotan) to flow northeast in the Tarim Basin. It merges with the Yurungkash River, the combined river taking the name Hotan River and flowing into the Tarim River.

## Course

The river begins above 19,000 feet (5,800 m) about 7 miles (11 km) northeast of Galwan Kangri peak in Aksai Chin. It flows north to Sumnal (15,540 ft), then turns sharply eastwards, flowing at the foot of the Karatagh Range (skirting just north of the Soda Plains of Aksai Chin). Just beyond Palong Karpo, it reaches the foot of the Kunlun Mountains, where it turns sharply northwestwards, and crosses into Xinjiang proper. At this location it receives another headwater now called the 'East Karakash River' (which was once regarded as the main headwater). The combined river flows past the towns of Sumgal, Fotash, Gulbashem, until it reaches Xaidulla (Shahidulla).
The river then turns sharply northeastwards near Xaidulla, and, after passing through Ali Nazar cuts through the Kunlun mountain range near the Suget or Sanju Pass. It passes by Khotan to its west, running parallel to the Yurungkash River, which it joins near Koxlax (some 125 km north of Khotan (38°05′N 80°34′E﻿ / ﻿38.08°N 80.56°E﻿ / 38.08; 80.56). The combined river is called the Hotan River, which flows into the Tarim River.

## History

The Karakash River is famous for its white and greenish jade (nephrite) carried as river boulders and pebbles toward Khotan, as does the nearby Yurungkash (or 'White Jade') River. This river jade originates from eroded mountain deposits of which the most famous one is near Gulbashen, in southwestern Xinjiang (formerly Chinese Turkestan). Black nephrite is also abundant in the Karakash River but these deposits are rarely reported in the primary nephrite finds.
The Karakash Valley was also a caravan road for the north–south trade between Yarkand (China) and Leh over the Karakoram Pass in Leh District of Ladakh.
# Rally del Paraguay

Rally del Paraguay is a rally competition in Encarnación, Itapúa Department in south-east Paraguay, based on the long existing Rally Trans Itapúa. The rally is set to hold the WRC event from 2025 after signing a multi-year deal, meaning Paraguay would become the thirty-eighth nation to stage a WRC championship round.

## History

Conversations have been held between Paraguayan authorities and WRC Promoter before the confirmation in June 2024. The Rally Trans Itapúa has been held annually in march since 1981 and has been chosen as the event to be promoted to the WRC. In 2024 a trial event has been held in September, named 1st Rally del Paraguay, that was the last test before the WRC debut in the following year. Rally Trans Itapúa keeps been running in march as opening round of Paraguayan and CODASUR championships.

## Results

| Year | Designation | Winner | Car | Team | Series |
| 2024 | 1° Petrobras Rally del Paraguay | Marco Bulacia Wilkinson Diego Vallejo | Volkswagen Polo GTI R5 | ABR South America by MG Rally Works | Paraguayan championship |
# X Motor Racing

X-Motor Racing (XMR) is a motor racing game developed by the independent studio Exotypos in Russia and released in 2007.

## Reception

The game is only available from the developers' website and is not published or distributed through other channels. It has not been reviewed formally by publications and therefore has no Metacritic rating. A YouTube review from sim racing personality Jimmy Broadbent refers to the game as "The World's Worst Racing Simulator", citing its inconsistent handling model and lack of features compared to its contemporaries.
# Tõlliste

Tõlliste is a village in Valga Parish, Valga County in southern Estonia. It has a population of 105 (as of 1 January 2010). Prior to the 2017 administrative reform of Estonian local governments, Tõlliste was located in Tõlliste Parish.
# 2007 Qatar Telecom German Open

The 2007 Qatar Telecom German Open was a women's tennis event that was played from May 5 to May 13, 2007. It was one of two Tier I events that took place on red clay in the build-up to the second Grand Slam of the year, the French Open. It was the 38th edition of the tournament and was played at the Rot-Weiss Tennis Club in the German capital of Berlin.The tournaments offered a total prize fund of US$1,300,000 across all rounds.
Serbian Ana Ivanovic won the title, defeating rival Svetlana Kuznetsova in the final. The title, her second in the Tier I category and her third title overall, saw her enter the world's Top 10 for the first time, where she would remain for two years. En route to the title, two of her opponents retired due to injuries: Alona Bondarenko in the third round, who was trailing 3–6, 0–5 at deuce; and Julia Vakulenko, who was 3–4 down in the first set in the semi-finals.

## Finals
### Singles

Ana Ivanovic defeated Svetlana Kuznetsova, 3–6, 6–4, 7–6$^{(7–4)}$

### Doubles

Lisa Raymond / Samantha Stosur defeated Tathiana Garbin / Roberta Vinci, 6–3, 6–4

## Prize money and points

Total prize money: US$1,300,000
| Round | Singles | Singles | Doubles | Doubles |
| Round | Prize money (US$) | WTA ranking points | Prize money (US$) | WTA ranking points |
| Winner | 196,900 | 430 | 59,000 | 430 |
| Finalist | 100,000 | 300 | 30,000 | 300 |
| Semifinal | 51,000 | 195 | 15,351 | 195 |
| Quarterfinal | 26,050 | 110 | 7,800 | 110 |
| Round of 16 | 13,285 | 60 | 3,980 | 60 |
| Round of 32 | 6,775 | 35 | 2,030 | 1 |
| Round of 64 | 3,455 | 1 | - | - |
# West Newark School House

West Newark School House is a historic church and school located at Newark Valley in Tioga County, New York. It is of frame construction and designed in the Greek Revival style. It was built in 1823-1824 as a combined school and church building by members of the West Newark Congregational Church. It served this dual role until 1848 when it became used only as a school. It functioned as a school until 1931.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.
# Small planet radius gap

The small planet radius gap (also called the Fulton gap, photoevaporation valley, or Sub-Neptune Desert) is an observed scarcity of planets with radii between 1.5 and 2 times Earth's radius, likely due to photoevaporation-driven mass loss. A bimodality in the Kepler exoplanet population was first observed in 2011 and attributed to the absence of significant gas atmospheres on close-in, low-mass planets. This feature was noted as possibly confirming an emerging hypothesis that photoevaporation could drive atmospheric mass loss This would lead to a population of bare, rocky cores with smaller radii at small separations from their parent stars, and planets with thick hydrogen- and helium-dominated envelopes with larger radii at larger separations. The bimodality in the distribution was confirmed with higher-precision data in the California-Kepler Survey in 2017, which was shown to match the predictions of the photoevaporative mass-loss hypothesis later that year.
Despite the implication of the word 'gap', the Fulton gap does not actually represent a range of radii completely absent from the observed exoplanet population, but rather a range of radii that appear to be relatively uncommon. As a result, 'valley' is often used in place of 'gap'. The specific term "Fulton gap" is named for Benjamin J. Fulton, whose doctoral thesis included precision radius measurements that confirmed the scarcity of planets between 1.5 and 2 Earth radii, for which he won the Robert J. Trumpler Award, although the existence of this radius gap had been noted along with its underlying mechanisms as early as 2011, 2012 and 2013.
Within the photoevaporation model of Owen and Wu, the radius gap arises as planets with H/He atmospheres that double the core's radius are the most stable to atmospheric mass-loss. Planets with atmospheres larger than this are vulnerable to erosion and their atmospheres evolve towards a size that doubles the core's radius. Planets with smaller atmospheres undergo runaway loss, leaving them with no H/He dominated atmosphere.

## Other possible explanations

* Runaway gas accretion by larger planets.
* Observational bias favoring easier detection of hot ocean planets with extended steam atmospheres.
# PP-200 Sahiwal-III

PP-200 Sahiwal-III (پی پی-200، ساہيوال-3) is a Constituency of Provincial Assembly of Punjab.

## General elections 2024

Provincial election 2024: PP-200 Sahiwal-III :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | PML(N) | Mohammad Arshad Malik | 48,657 | 40.14 | |
| | Independent | Ahmad Ali | 37,695 | 31.10 | |
| | Independent | Asad Ali Khan | 10,356 | 8.54 | |
| | TLP | Faizan Ali | 6,959 | 5.74 | |
| | PPP | Asif Ahmad | 4,911 | 4.05 | |
| | Independent | Muhammad Haroon | 3,801 | 3.14 | |
| | Independent | Mahmood Khalid | 2,639 | 2.18 | |
| | Others | Others (sixteen candidates) | 6,200 | 5.11 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 125,470 | 51.41 | |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 121,218 | 96.61 | |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 4,252 | 3.39 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 10,962 | 9.04 | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 244,044 | | |
| | hold | hold | hold | hold | hold |

## General elections 2018

Provincial election 2018: PP-198 Sahiwal-III :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | PML(N) | Mohammad Arshad Malik | 46,301 | 39.68 |
| | PTI | Mailk Faisal Ahmad Dhakku | 31,225 | 26.76 |
| | Independent | Chaudhary Asif Ali | 25,255 | 21.64 |
| | PPP | Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal | 3,413 | 2.93 |
| | Independent | Jahan Khan | 3,001 | 2.57 |
| | Independent | Anwar Ali | 2,892 | 2.48 |
| | TLP | Muhammad Asghar Chishti | 2,472 | 2.12 |
| | Others | Others (seven candidates) | 2,133 | 1.83 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 120,262 | 59.43 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 116,692 | 97.03 |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 3,570 | 2.97 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 15,076 | 12.92 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 202,363 | |

## General elections 2013

| Contesting Candidates | Party Affiliation | Votes Polled |

## General elections 2008

| Contesting Candidates | Party Affiliation | Votes Polled |
# Plumstead Common

Plumstead Common is a common and urban park in Plumstead in the Royal Borough of Greenwich (SE18), south-east London. It is part of the South East London Green Chain.

## Location and geology

Plumstead Common is bound to the north by Old Mill Road and to the south by Plumstead Common Road. To the east lies Winn or Winn's Common.
The common contains deposits of puddingstone, a conglomerate rock formed during a period of global warming 60 million years ago. The rock is more usually found north of the River Thames in Hertfordshire, see Hertfordshire puddingstone.

## History

Plumstead Common was first mentioned in the Domesday Book in 1086 ("Plumstede"). The name refers to a place where plums grow.
In the 19th century more and more common land was sold off to build houses for the growing workforce at Royal Arsenal. The arrival of the railways sped up this process. The people of Plumstead protested that they had the right to graze their livestock on the land of Plumstead Common and to use it for sports and recreation. In June 1876 these protests attracted the Irish activist John De Morgan who on 1 July led protestors up from Woolwich Arsenal to the house of Edwin Hughes (leader of the Conservative Party) tearing down illegally erected fences on their way. John De Morgan was arrested and sent to prison for seventeen days. The riots resulted in the Plumstead Common Act 1878 (41 & 42 Vict. c. cxlv) ensuring that one hundred acres of land remained as public open space forever.
Royal Arsenal F.C.'s first home was playing on the common.

## Heritage buildings and cultural events

Substantial remains of the Old Mill still stand and have been incorporated into the public house of the same name. Nearby is Plumstead Manor School. On the southwest corner of the common stands the former Prince of Wales pub.
Plumstead Common is the venue for the Plumstead Make Merry event, which is the longest-running community festival in the Royal Borough of Greenwich and is run on a voluntary basis by a group of people who are passionate about the local area. Plumstead Common is also the venue for the popular Asian Mela, which has been described as the "Asian Notting Hill Carnival".

## Photo gallery

* Plumstead Common Road
* Plumstead Common Road
* St Margarets Grove
* Bus stand Warwick Terrace
* Western part of the common
* Eastern part of the common
* Green Chain Walk
* World War I memorial
# Ygatimí

Villa Ygatimí is a town founded in 1715 in the Canendiyú department of Paraguay.

## Sources

* World Gazeteer: Paraguay – World-Gazetteer.com
# West Richwoods Church & School

The West Richwoods Church & School is a historic multifunction building on Arkansas Highway 9 in West Richwoods, Arkansas, a hamlet in rural central Stone County. It is a vernacular rectangular frame structure, with a gable roof topped by a small open belfry. The front facade is symmetrically arranged, with a recessed double-door entrance flanked by windows. Built about 1921, it is one of the county's few surviving early schoolhouses.
The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.
# Kriilevälja

Kriilevälja is a village in Paide municipality, Järva County in northern-central Estonia. Prior to the 2017 administrative reform of local governments, it was located in Paide Parish.