# Arabic (Unicode block)

Arabic is a Unicode block, containing the standard letters and the most common diacritics of the Arabic script, and the Arabic-Indic digits.

## Unicode chart Arabic

Arabic Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF) :
| | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F |
| U+060x | ؀ | ؁ | ؂ | ؃ | ؄ | ؅ | ؆ | ؇ | ؈ | ؉ | ؊ | ؋ | ، | ؍ | ؎ | ؏ |
| U+061x | ؐ | ؑ | ؒ | ؓ | ؔ | ؕ | ؖ | ؗ | ؘ | ؙ | ؚ | ؛ | ALM | ؝ | ؞ | ؟ |
| U+062x | ؠ | ء | آ | أ | ؤ | إ | ئ | ا | ب | ة | ت | ث | ج | ح | خ | د |
| U+063x | ذ | ر | ز | س | ش | ص | ض | ط | ظ | ع | غ | ػ | ؼ | ؽ | ؾ | ؿ |
| U+064x | ـ | ف | ق | ك | ل | م | ن | ه | و | ى | ي | ً | ٌ | ٍ | َ | ُ |
| U+065x | ِ | ّ | ْ | ٓ | ٔ | ٕ | ٖ | ٗ | ٘ | ٙ | ٚ | ٛ | ٜ | ٝ | ٞ | ٟ |
| U+066x | ٠ | ١ | ٢ | ٣ | ٤ | ٥ | ٦ | ٧ | ٨ | ٩ | ٪ | ٫ | ٬ | ٭ | ٮ | ٯ |
| U+067x | ٰ | ٱ | ٲ | ٳ | ٴ | ٵ | ٶ | ٷ | ٸ | ٹ | ٺ | ٻ | ټ | ٽ | پ | ٿ |
| U+068x | ڀ | ځ | ڂ | ڃ | ڄ | څ | چ | ڇ | ڈ | ډ | ڊ | ڋ | ڌ | ڍ | ڎ | ڏ |
| U+069x | ڐ | ڑ | ڒ | ړ | ڔ | ڕ | ږ | ڗ | ژ | ڙ | ښ | ڛ | ڜ | ڝ | ڞ | ڟ |
| U+06Ax | ڠ | ڡ | ڢ | ڣ | ڤ | ڥ | ڦ | ڧ | ڨ | ک | ڪ | ګ | ڬ | ڭ | ڮ | گ |
| U+06Bx | ڰ | ڱ | ڲ | ڳ | ڴ | ڵ | ڶ | ڷ | ڸ | ڹ | ں | ڻ | ڼ | ڽ | ھ | ڿ |
| U+06Cx | ۀ | ہ | ۂ | ۃ | ۄ | ۅ | ۆ | ۇ | ۈ | ۉ | ۊ | ۋ | ی | ۍ | ێ | ۏ |
| U+06Dx | ې | ۑ | ے | ۓ | ۔ | ە | ۖ | ۗ | ۘ | ۙ | ۚ | ۛ | ۜ | ۝ | ۞ | ۟ |
| U+06Ex | ۠ | ۡ | ۢ | ۣ | ۤ | ۥ | ۦ | ۧ | ۨ | ۩ | ۪ | ۫ | ۬ | ۭ | ۮ | ۯ |
| U+06Fx | ۰ | ۱ | ۲ | ۳ | ۴ | ۵ | ۶ | ۷ | ۸ | ۹ | ۺ | ۻ | ۼ | ۽ | ۾ | ۿ |
| Notes 1.^ As of Unicode version 16.0 2.^ Unicode code point U+0673 is deprecated as of Unicode version 6.0 |||||||||||||||||

## History

The following Unicode-related documents record the purpose and process of defining specific characters in the Arabic block:
| Version | Final code points | Count | L2 ID | WG2 ID | Document |
| 1.0.0 | U+060C, 061B, 061F, 0621..063A, 0640..0652, 0660..066C, 0670..06B7, 06BA..06BE, 06C0..06CE, 06D0..06D5, 06F0..06F9 | 169 | | | (to be determined) |
| 1.0.0 | U+060C, 061B, 061F, 0621..063A, 0640..0652, 0660..066C, 0670..06B7, 06BA..06BE, 06C0..06CE, 06D0..06D5, 06F0..06F9 | 169 | L2/00-115R2 | | Moore, Lisa (2000-08-08), "Arabic Thousands Separator", Minutes Of UTC Meeting #83 |
| 1.0.0 | U+060C, 061B, 061F, 0621..063A, 0640..0652, 0660..066C, 0670..06B7, 06BA..06BE, 06C0..06CE, 06D0..06D5, 06F0..06F9 | 169 | L2/01-184R | | Moore, Lisa (2001-06-18), "Arabic Cursive Joining", Minutes from the UTC/L2 meeting |
| 1.0.0 | U+060C, 061B, 061F, 0621..063A, 0640..0652, 0660..066C, 0670..06B7, 06BA..06BE, 06C0..06CE, 06D0..06D5, 06F0..06F9 | 169 | L2/01-270 | | Hosken, Martin (2001-06-19), How U+06D5 works in Uighur, Some technical information collected |
| 1.0.0 | U+060C, 061B, 061F, 0621..063A, 0640..0652, 0660..066C, 0670..06B7, 06BA..06BE, 06C0..06CE, 06D0..06D5, 06F0..06F9 | 169 | L2/01-295R | | Moore, Lisa (2001-11-06), "Properties - Joining Behavior of U+06D5", Minutes from the UTC/L2 meeting #88 |
| 1.0.0 | U+060C, 061B, 061F, 0621..063A, 0640..0652, 0660..066C, 0670..06B7, 06BA..06BE, 06C0..06CE, 06D0..06D5, 06F0..06F9 | 169 | L2/04-290 | | Karlsson, Kent (2004-07-16), Updating the Arabic Shaping normative data |
| 1.0.0 | U+060C, 061B, 061F, 0621..063A, 0640..0652, 0660..066C, 0670..06B7, 06BA..06BE, 06C0..06CE, 06D0..06D5, 06F0..06F9 | 169 | L2/04-419 | | Davis, Mark (2004-11-18), ArabicShaping suggestion e-mail |
| 1.0.0 | U+060C, 061B, 061F, 0621..063A, 0640..0652, 0660..066C, 0670..06B7, 06BA..06BE, 06C0..06CE, 06D0..06D5, 06F0..06F9 | 169 | L2/09-146 | | Pournader, Roozbeh (2009-04-15), Moving dots and Arabic script shaping: Farsi Yeh's and Jawi Nya |
| 1.0.0 | U+060C, 061B, 061F, 0621..063A, 0640..0652, 0660..066C, 0670..06B7, 06BA..06BE, 06C0..06CE, 06D0..06D5, 06F0..06F9 | 169 | L2/09-104 | | Moore, Lisa (2009-05-20), "Motion 119-M2", UTC #119 / L2 #216 Minutes, Deprecate U+0673 ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH WAVY HAMZA BELOW. |
| 1.0.0 | U+060C, 061B, 061F, 0621..063A, 0640..0652, 0660..066C, 0670..06B7, 06BA..06BE, 06C0..06CE, 06D0..06D5, 06F0..06F9 | 169 | L2/09-335R | | Moore, Lisa (2009-11-10), "Deprecation of U+0673 ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH WAVY HAMZA BELOW (B.10.1)", UTC #121 / L2 #218 Minutes |
| 1.0.0 | U+060C, 061B, 061F, 0621..063A, 0640..0652, 0660..066C, 0670..06B7, 06BA..06BE, 06C0..06CE, 06D0..06D5, 06F0..06F9 | 169 | L2/10-045 | | Allawi, Adil (2010-01-27), Proposal for changes to ArabicShaping.txt to allow machine generation of Arabic fonts and glyphs |
| 1.0.0 | U+060C, 061B, 061F, 0621..063A, 0640..0652, 0660..066C, 0670..06B7, 06BA..06BE, 06C0..06CE, 06D0..06D5, 06F0..06F9 | 169 | L2/10-168 | | Mansour, Kamal (2010-05-04), Problems with the joining behavior of Arabic Letter Yeh Barree (U+06D2) |
| 1.0.0 | U+060C, 061B, 061F, 0621..063A, 0640..0652, 0660..066C, 0670..06B7, 06BA..06BE, 06C0..06CE, 06D0..06D5, 06F0..06F9 | 169 | L2/10-108 | | Moore, Lisa (2010-05-19), "Action item 123-A49", UTC #123 / L2 #220 Minutes, Update section 8.2 to explain how to deal with the need for representing "medial" of Yeh Barree in text. |
| 1.0.0 | U+060C, 061B, 061F, 0621..063A, 0640..0652, 0660..066C, 0670..06B7, 06BA..06BE, 06C0..06CE, 06D0..06D5, 06F0..06F9 | 169 | L2/11-092 | | Pournader, Roozbeh (2011-03-08), Changes to schematic names of Arabic letters |
| 1.0.0 | U+060C, 061B, 061F, 0621..063A, 0640..0652, 0660..066C, 0670..06B7, 06BA..06BE, 06C0..06CE, 06D0..06D5, 06F0..06F9 | 169 | L2/11-206 | N4066 | Proposing to Supplement with the Script and Character of Chaghatay Language, 2011-04-25 |
| 1.0.0 | U+060C, 061B, 061F, 0621..063A, 0640..0652, 0660..066C, 0670..06B7, 06BA..06BE, 06C0..06CE, 06D0..06D5, 06F0..06F9 | 169 | | N4067 | Proposal to Encode Special Scripts and Characters in UCS for Uighur language, 2011-05-15 |
| 1.0.0 | U+060C, 061B, 061F, 0621..063A, 0640..0652, 0660..066C, 0670..06B7, 06BA..06BE, 06C0..06CE, 06D0..06D5, 06F0..06F9 | 169 | L2/11-245 | N4113 | Aalto, Tero (2011-06-08), Ad hoc report on Uighur |
| 1.0.0 | U+060C, 061B, 061F, 0621..063A, 0640..0652, 0660..066C, 0670..06B7, 06BA..06BE, 06C0..06CE, 06D0..06D5, 06F0..06F9 | 169 | | N4103 | "11.11 Additional Characters for Uighur and Chaghatay Languages", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 58, 2012-01-03 |
| 1.0.0 | U+060C, 061B, 061F, 0621..063A, 0640..0652, 0660..066C, 0670..06B7, 06BA..06BE, 06C0..06CE, 06D0..06D5, 06F0..06F9 | 169 | L2/12-063 | N4218 | Proposal to add a Named UCS Sequence Identifier UYGHUR LETTERS, 2012-02-02 |
| 1.0.0 | U+060C, 061B, 061F, 0621..063A, 0640..0652, 0660..066C, 0670..06B7, 06BA..06BE, 06C0..06CE, 06D0..06D5, 06F0..06F9 | 169 | L2/12-101 | N4231 | Pournader, Roozbeh; Anderson, Deborah (2012-02-09), Comments on N4218 Proposal to add a Named UCS Sequence Identifier UYGHUR LETTERS |
| 1.0.0 | U+060C, 061B, 061F, 0621..063A, 0640..0652, 0660..066C, 0670..06B7, 06BA..06BE, 06C0..06CE, 06D0..06D5, 06F0..06F9 | 169 | | N4253 (pdf, doc) | "10.3.3 NUSI-s for Uyghur Letters", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 59, 2012-09-12 |
| 1.0.0 | U+060C, 061B, 061F, 0621..063A, 0640..0652, 0660..066C, 0670..06B7, 06BA..06BE, 06C0..06CE, 06D0..06D5, 06F0..06F9 | 169 | L2/12-381 | | Pournader, Roozbeh (2012-11-03), Initial and medial forms of Arabic Letter Noon Ghunna |
| 1.0.0 | U+060C, 061B, 061F, 0621..063A, 0640..0652, 0660..066C, 0670..06B7, 06BA..06BE, 06C0..06CE, 06D0..06D5, 06F0..06F9 | 169 | L2/12-343R2 | | Moore, Lisa (2012-12-04), "Consensus 133-C29", UTC #133 Minutes, Accept 9 named sequences... |
| 1.0.0 | U+060C, 061B, 061F, 0621..063A, 0640..0652, 0660..066C, 0670..06B7, 06BA..06BE, 06C0..06CE, 06D0..06D5, 06F0..06F9 | 169 | L2/13-119 | | Pournader, Roozbeh (2013-05-08), Dot positioning of U+06A3 Arabic Letter Feh with Dot Below |
| 1.0.0 | U+060C, 061B, 061F, 0621..063A, 0640..0652, 0660..066C, 0670..06B7, 06BA..06BE, 06C0..06CE, 06D0..06D5, 06F0..06F9 | 169 | L2/13-058 | | Moore, Lisa (2013-06-12), "B.13.4", UTC #135 Minutes |
| 1.0.0 | U+060C, 061B, 061F, 0621..063A, 0640..0652, 0660..066C, 0670..06B7, 06BA..06BE, 06C0..06CE, 06D0..06D5, 06F0..06F9 | 169 | | N4463 | Silamu, Wushour; Anderson, Deborah; Constable, Peter (2013-06-28), User Guidelines for Uyghur, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, and Chagatai |
| 1.0.0 | U+060C, 061B, 061F, 0621..063A, 0640..0652, 0660..066C, 0670..06B7, 06BA..06BE, 06C0..06CE, 06D0..06D5, 06F0..06F9 | 169 | L2/13-226 | | Milo, Thomas (2013-11-26), Arabic Amphibious Characters |
| 1.0.0 | U+060C, 061B, 061F, 0621..063A, 0640..0652, 0660..066C, 0670..06B7, 06BA..06BE, 06C0..06CE, 06D0..06D5, 06F0..06F9 | 169 | | N4403 (pdf, doc) | Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2014-01-28), "10.4.6 Draft UTN on User Guidelines for Uyghur, Kazakh, Kyrgyz and Chagatai", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 61, Holiday Inn, Vilnius, Lithuania; 2013-06-10/14 |
| 1.0.0 | U+060C, 061B, 061F, 0621..063A, 0640..0652, 0660..066C, 0670..06B7, 06BA..06BE, 06C0..06CE, 06D0..06D5, 06F0..06F9 | 169 | L2/14-109 | | Milo, Thomas (2014-05-01), Koranic and Classic orthography in Unicode and computer typography |
| 1.0.0 | U+060C, 061B, 061F, 0621..063A, 0640..0652, 0660..066C, 0670..06B7, 06BA..06BE, 06C0..06CE, 06D0..06D5, 06F0..06F9 | 169 | L2/14-136 | | Pournader, Roozbeh (2014-05-08), The right hehs for Arabic script orthographies of Sorani Kurdish and Uighur |
| 1.0.0 | U+060C, 061B, 061F, 0621..063A, 0640..0652, 0660..066C, 0670..06B7, 06BA..06BE, 06C0..06CE, 06D0..06D5, 06F0..06F9 | 169 | L2/14-100 | | Moore, Lisa (2014-05-13), "C.3.5", UTC #139 Minutes |
| 1.0.0 | U+060C, 061B, 061F, 0621..063A, 0640..0652, 0660..066C, 0670..06B7, 06BA..06BE, 06C0..06CE, 06D0..06D5, 06F0..06F9 | 169 | L2/20-289 | N5155 | Evans, Lorna Priest (2020-12-07), Request for glyph changes and annotations for Kazakh, Kyrgyz, and Uyghur [Affects U+0626, U+0674-0678, U+06C5, and U+06C7] |
| 1.0.0 | U+060C, 061B, 061F, 0621..063A, 0640..0652, 0660..066C, 0670..06B7, 06BA..06BE, 06C0..06CE, 06D0..06D5, 06F0..06F9 | 169 | L2/21-016R | | Anderson, Deborah; Whistler, Ken; Pournader, Roozbeh; Moore, Lisa; Liang, Hai (2021-01-14), "11a. Glyph changes and annotations for Kazakh, Kyrgyz, and Uyghur", Recommendations to UTC #166 January 2021 on Script Proposals |
| 1.0.0 | U+060C, 061B, 061F, 0621..063A, 0640..0652, 0660..066C, 0670..06B7, 06BA..06BE, 06C0..06CE, 06D0..06D5, 06F0..06F9 | 169 | L2/21-009 | | Moore, Lisa (2021-01-27), "B.1 — 11a. Glyph changes and annotations for Kazakh, Kyrgyz, and Uyghur", UTC #166 Minutes |
| 1.0.0 | U+060C, 061B, 061F, 0621..063A, 0640..0652, 0660..066C, 0670..06B7, 06BA..06BE, 06C0..06CE, 06D0..06D5, 06F0..06F9 | 169 | L2/21-050 | N5160 | Chinese comments on WG2 N5155, 2021-02-02 |
| 1.0.0 | U+060C, 061B, 061F, 0621..063A, 0640..0652, 0660..066C, 0670..06B7, 06BA..06BE, 06C0..06CE, 06D0..06D5, 06F0..06F9 | 169 | L2/21-098 | N5162 | Constable, Peter (2021-04-09), Response to China NB comments on WG2 N5155 (UTC document L2/21-050) |
| 1.0.0 | U+060C, 061B, 061F, 0621..063A, 0640..0652, 0660..066C, 0670..06B7, 06BA..06BE, 06C0..06CE, 06D0..06D5, 06F0..06F9 | 169 | L2/21-073 | | Anderson, Deborah; Whistler, Ken; Pournader, Roozbeh; Moore, Lisa; Liang, Hai (2021-04-23), "4b. China comments on WG2 N5155", Recommendations to UTC #167 April 2021 on Script Proposals |
| 1.1 | U+066D, 06D6..06ED | 25 | | | (to be determined) |
| 1.1 | U+066D, 06D6..06ED | 25 | L2/01-428 | | Kew, Jonathan (2001-11-01), Request for clarification regarding U+06DD ARABIC END OF AYAH and other Arabic enclosing marks |
| 1.1 | U+066D, 06D6..06ED | 25 | L2/01-405R | | Moore, Lisa (2001-12-12), "Arabic Enclosing Marks", Minutes from the UTC/L2 meeting in Mountain View, November 6-9, 2001 |
| 1.1 | U+066D, 06D6..06ED | 25 | L2/03-112 | | Pournader, Roozbeh (2003-03-05), New Arabic controls and Arabic joining |
| 1.1 | U+066D, 06D6..06ED | 25 | L2/05-150 | | Freytag, Asmus (2005-05-05), Arabic errata |
| 1.1 | U+066D, 06D6..06ED | 25 | L2/05-151 | | Milo, Thomas (2005-05-12), Annotations to the printing of the 1924 Azhar Qur'an |
| 1.1 | U+066D, 06D6..06ED | 25 | L2/05-203 | | McGowan, Rick (2005-08-04), Public Review Issue #73: Representative Glyphs for Arabic Characters U+06DF, U+06E0, and U+06E1 |
| 1.1 | U+066D, 06D6..06ED | 25 | L2/05-231 | | Mansour, Kamal (2005-08-11), Regarding the proposed changes for the representative glyphs for 06DF, 06E0, and 06E1 |
| 1.1 | U+066D, 06D6..06ED | 25 | | N2956 | Freytag, Asmus (2005-08-12), "Representative Glyphs for Arabic Characters U+06DF, U+06E0, and U+06E1", Unicode Consortium Liaison Report for WG2 Meeting #47 |
| 1.1 | U+066D, 06D6..06ED | 25 | L2/05-180 | | Moore, Lisa (2005-08-17), "Consensus 104-C8", UTC #104 Minutes, Change the representative glyphs for three Arabic characters: U+06DF, U+06E0, U+06E1. |
| 1.1 | U+066D, 06D6..06ED | 25 | L2/05-108R | | Moore, Lisa (2005-08-26), "Arabic Glyph Errata (B.21)", UTC #103 Minutes |
| 1.1 | U+066D, 06D6..06ED | 25 | | N2953 (pdf, doc) | Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2006-02-16), "M47.16 (Miscellaneous glyph defects)", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 47, Sophia Antipolis, France; 2005-09-12/15 |
| 1.1 | U+066D, 06D6..06ED | 25 | L2/06-324R2 | | Moore, Lisa (2006-11-29), "B.14.2", UTC #109 Minutes |
| 1.1 | U+066D, 06D6..06ED | 25 | L2/09-358R | | Pournader, Roozbeh (2009-10-28), Discussion document for polishing Koranic support in Unicode |
| 1.1 | U+066D, 06D6..06ED | 25 | L2/10-209 | | Pournader, Roozbeh (2010-06-07), Public Review Issue #171: Changing the properties of U+06DE from a combining mark to a spacing symbol |
| 1.1 | U+066D, 06D6..06ED | 25 | L2/10-221 | | Moore, Lisa (2010-08-23), "Consensus 124-C13", UTC #124 / L2 #221 Minutes, Change the general category of U+06DE to from "Me" to "So" and bidi class from "NSM" to "ON", and linebreak property from "CN" to "AL" and remove the dotted circle from the glyph, for Unicode 6.0. |
| 3.0 | U+0653..0655 | 3 | L2/97-130 | | McGowan, R. (1997-02-24), The Unicode draft proposal for Syriac character encoding |
| 3.0 | U+0653..0655 | 3 | L2/98-051 | | Nelson, Paul; Kiraz, George (1998-02-23), Supporting letters for Encoding Syriac |
| 3.0 | U+0653..0655 | 3 | L2/98-052 | | Nelson, Paul; Kiraz, George (1998-02-23), Examples of Syriac |
| 3.0 | U+0653..0655 | 3 | L2/98-070 | | Aliprand, Joan; Winkler, Arnold, "3.A.2. item a. Syriac script", Minutes of the joint UTC and L2 meeting from the meeting in Cupertino, February 25-27, 1998 |
| 3.0 | U+0653..0655 | 3 | L2/98-069 | | Nelson, Paul; Kiraz, George (1998-02-27), Presentation to support the coding of Syriac |
| 3.0 | U+0653..0655 | 3 | L2/98-050 | N1718 | Nelson, Paul; Kiraz, George; Hasso, Sargon (1998-03-06), Proposal to Encode Syriac in ISO/IEC 10646 |
| 3.0 | U+0653..0655 | 3 | L2/98-156 | | Kiraz, George, Syriac: Unicode character properties |
| 3.0 | U+0653..0655 | 3 | L2/98-158 | | Aliprand, Joan; Winkler, Arnold (1998-05-26), "Character Properties for Syriac Script", Draft Minutes – UTC #76 & NCITS Subgroup L2 #173 joint meeting, Tredyffrin, Pennsylvania, April 20-22, 1998 |
| 3.0 | U+0653..0655 | 3 | L2/98-286 | N1703 | Umamaheswaran, V. S.; Ksar, Mike (1998-07-02), "8.23", Unconfirmed Meeting Minutes, WG 2 Meeting #34, Redmond, WA, USA; 1998-03-16--20 |
| 3.0 | U+0653..0655 | 3 | | N1837, N1837-Ireland | Summary of Voting/Table of Replies - Amendment 27 - Syriac, 1998-08-27 |
| 3.0 | U+0653..0655 | 3 | L2/98-322 | N1907 | ISO/IEC 10646-1/FPDAM. 27, AMENDMENT 27: Syriac, 1998-10-22 |
| 3.0 | U+0653..0655 | 3 | | N1906 | Paterson, Bruce; Everson, Michael (1998-10-22), Disposition of Comments - FPDAM27 - Syriac |
| 3.0 | U+0653..0655 | 3 | L2/99-010 | N1903 (pdf, html, doc) | Umamaheswaran, V. S. (1998-12-30), "6.7.10", Minutes of WG 2 meeting 35, London, U.K.; 1998-09-21--25 |
| 3.0 | U+06B8..06B9, 06BF, 06CF, 06FA..06FE | 9 | | N1573 | Additional Arabic characters (chiefly from ISO 11822), 1997-06-19 |
| 3.0 | U+06B8..06B9, 06BF, 06CF, 06FA..06FE | 9 | L2/97-288 | N1603 | Umamaheswaran, V. S. (1997-10-24), "8.24.6", Unconfirmed Meeting Minutes, WG 2 Meeting # 33, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, 20 June – 4 July 1997 |
| 3.0 | U+06B8..06B9, 06BF, 06CF, 06FA..06FE | 9 | L2/98-004R | N1681 | Text of ISO 10646 – AMD 18 for PDAM registration and FPDAM ballot, 1997-12-22 |
| 3.0 | U+06B8..06B9, 06BF, 06CF, 06FA..06FE | 9 | L2/98-318 | N1894 | Revised text of 10646-1/FPDAM 18, AMENDMENT 18: Symbols and Others, 1998-10-22 |
| 3.0 | U+06B8..06B9, 06BF, 06CF, 06FA..06FE | 9 | L2/20-288 | | Evans, Lorna Priest (2020-12-07), "U+06FE ARABIC SIGN SINDHI POSTPOSITION MEN", Request for annotations for Sindhi and Behdini Kurdish |
| 3.0 | U+06B8..06B9, 06BF, 06CF, 06FA..06FE | 9 | L2/21-016R | | Anderson, Deborah; Whistler, Ken; Pournader, Roozbeh; Moore, Lisa; Liang, Hai (2021-01-14), "11b. Sindhi and Behdini Kurdish", Recommendations to UTC #166 January 2021 on Script Proposals |
| 3.0 | U+06B8..06B9, 06BF, 06CF, 06FA..06FE | 9 | L2/21-009 | | Moore, Lisa (2021-01-27), "B.1 — 11b. Sindhi and Behdini Kurdish", UTC #166 Minutes |
| 3.2 | U+066E..066F | 2 | L2/00-354 | | Davis, Mark; Mansour, Kamal (2000-10-12), Proposal For Addition To Arabic repertoire |
| 3.2 | U+066E..066F | 2 | L2/00-324 | | Moore, Lisa (2001-01-29), "Motion 85-M6", Minutes from UTC #85, San Diego |
| 3.2 | U+066E..066F | 2 | L2/01-150 | N2357 | Proposal to encode two Arabic characters to the UCS, 2001-04-04 |
| 3.2 | U+066E..066F | 2 | L2/01-344 | N2353 (pdf, doc) | Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2001-09-09), "7.15", Minutes from SC2/WG2 meeting #40 -- Mountain View, April 2001 |
| 4.0 | U+0600..0602, 060D..060E, 0610..0614, 0656..0658 | 13 | L2/00-135 | | Nelson, Paul; Farhan, Ashhar; Hisam, Arif; Hisam, Kashif; Clews, John (2000-04-07), Proposal to Add Urdu Epethit and Abbreviation Diacritics to the Arabic Block |
| 4.0 | U+0600..0602, 060D..060E, 0610..0614, 0656..0658 | 13 | L2/01-303 | | Vikas, Om (2001-07-26), Letter from the Government from India on "Draft for Unicode Standard for Indian Scripts" |
| 4.0 | U+0600..0602, 060D..060E, 0610..0614, 0656..0658 | 13 | L2/01-304 | | Feedback on Unicode Standard 3.0, 2001-08-02 |
| 4.0 | U+0600..0602, 060D..060E, 0610..0614, 0656..0658 | 13 | L2/01-305 | | McGowan, Rick (2001-08-08), Draft UTC Response to L2/01-304, "Feedback on Unicode Standard 3.0" |
| 4.0 | U+0600..0602, 060D..060E, 0610..0614, 0656..0658 | 13 | L2/01-425 | N2483 | Kew, Jonathan (2001-11-01), Proposal to add Arabic-script honorifics and other marks |
| 4.0 | U+0600..0602, 060D..060E, 0610..0614, 0656..0658 | 13 | L2/01-426 | | Kew, Jonathan (2001-11-01), Proposal to add Arabic-script honorifics and other marks, Appendix: Examples of usage |
| 4.0 | U+0600..0602, 060D..060E, 0610..0614, 0656..0658 | 13 | L2/01-428 | | Kew, Jonathan (2001-11-01), Request for clarification regarding U+06DD ARABIC END OF AYAH and other Arabic enclosing marks |
| 4.0 | U+0600..0602, 060D..060E, 0610..0614, 0656..0658 | 13 | L2/01-439 | | Milo, Tom (2001-11-02), Arabic Year-sign examples |
| 4.0 | U+0600..0602, 060D..060E, 0610..0614, 0656..0658 | 13 | L2/01-430R | | McGowan, Rick (2001-11-20), UTC Response to L2/01-304, "Feedback on Unicode Standard 3.0" |
| 4.0 | U+0600..0602, 060D..060E, 0610..0614, 0656..0658 | 13 | L2/02-061 | N2482 | Kew, Jonathan (2002-01-29), Bidi committee consensus on Arabic additions from L2/01-425 |
| 4.0 | U+0600..0602, 060D..060E, 0610..0614, 0656..0658 | 13 | L2/02-227 | N2487 | Proposal to add 16 Arabic characters, 2002-05-21 |
| 4.0 | U+0600..0602, 060D..060E, 0610..0614, 0656..0658 | 13 | L2/02-070 | | Moore, Lisa (2002-08-26), "Scripts and New Characters - Arabic", Minutes for UTC #90 |
| 4.0 | U+0600..0602, 060D..060E, 0610..0614, 0656..0658 | 13 | L2/03-102 | | Vikas, Om (2003-03-04), Unicode Standard for Indic Scripts |
| 4.0 | U+0600..0602, 060D..060E, 0610..0614, 0656..0658 | 13 | L2/03-101.10 | | Proposed Changes in Indic Scripts [Urdu, Sindhi, and Kashmiri document], 2003-03-04 |
| 4.0 | U+0600..0602, 060D..060E, 0610..0614, 0656..0658 | 13 | L2/03-112 | | Pournader, Roozbeh (2003-03-05), New Arabic controls and Arabic joining |
| 4.0 | U+0600..0602, 060D..060E, 0610..0614, 0656..0658 | 13 | L2/04-196 | N2653 (pdf, doc) | Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2004-06-04), "a-3", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 44 |
| 4.0 | U+0600..0602, 060D..060E, 0610..0614, 0656..0658 | 13 | L2/06-332 | | Esfahbod, Behdad; Pournader, Roozbeh (2006-10-15), Proposal to change the Bidi category of five Arabic characters from AL to AN |
| 4.0 | U+0600..0602, 060D..060E, 0610..0614, 0656..0658 | 13 | L2/06-372 | | Lata, Swaran (2006-11-04), Issues Pertinent to Kashmiri |
| 4.0 | U+0600..0602, 060D..060E, 0610..0614, 0656..0658 | 13 | L2/06-324R2 | | Moore, Lisa (2006-11-29), "Action item 109-A6, Consensus 109-C15", UTC #109 Minutes |
| 4.0 | U+0600..0602, 060D..060E, 0610..0614, 0656..0658 | 13 | L2/15-183R | | Pournader, Roozbeh (2015-07-28), Candidate characters for Grapheme_Cluster_Break=Prepend |
| 4.0 | U+0600..0602, 060D..060E, 0610..0614, 0656..0658 | 13 | L2/15-187 | | Moore, Lisa (2015-08-11), "Consensus 144-C6", UTC #144 Minutes, Change the Grapheme_Cluster_Break property of the 12 characters listed in L2/15-183R to "Prepend" for Unicode 9.0. |
| 4.0 | U+0603, 060F, 0615 | 3 | L2/02-005 | | Hussain, Sarmad; Afzal, Muhammad (2001-12-18), Urdu Computing Standards (Charts and Exhibits) |
| 4.0 | U+0603, 060F, 0615 | 3 | L2/02-006 (pdf, doc) | N2413-1 | Zia, Khaver (2002-01-10), Towards Unicode Standard for Urdu |
| 4.0 | U+0603, 060F, 0615 | 3 | L2/02-003 | N2413-2 | Afzal, Muhammad; Hussain, Sarmad (2001-12-28), Urdu Computing Standards: Development of Urdu Zabta Takhti (UZT) 1.01 |
| 4.0 | U+0603, 060F, 0615 | 3 | L2/02-004 | N2413-3 | Hussain, Sarmad; Afzal, Muhammad (2001-12-28), Urdu Computing Standards: Urdu Zabta Takhti (UZT) 1.01 |
| 4.0 | U+0603, 060F, 0615 | 3 | L2/02-163 | N2413-4 (pdf, doc) | Proposal to add Marks and Digits in Arabic Code Block (for Urdu), 2002-04-30 |
| 4.0 | U+0603, 060F, 0615 | 3 | L2/02-011R | | Kew, Jonathan (2002-01-12), Comments on L2/02-006: Towards Unicode Standard for Urdu |
| 4.0 | U+0603, 060F, 0615 | 3 | L2/02-197 | | Freytag, Asmus (2002-05-01), Urdu Feedback from Bidi Committee |
| 4.0 | U+0603, 060F, 0615 | 3 | L2/02-166R2 | | Moore, Lisa (2002-08-09), "Motion 91-M3", UTC #91 Minutes |
| 4.0 | U+0603, 060F, 0615 | 3 | L2/02-372 | N2453 (pdf, doc) | Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2002-10-30), "7.9 Urdu contribution", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 42 |
| 4.0 | U+0603, 060F, 0615 | 3 | L2/03-034 | | Nelson, Paul; Ross, Fiona; Holloway, Tim; Hudson, John (2003-02-10), Proposal to change character properties of ARABIC SIGN SAFHA (U+0603) |
| 4.0 | U+0603, 060F, 0615 | 3 | L2/04-196 | N2653 (pdf, doc) | Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2004-06-04), "a-3", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 44 |
| 4.0 | U+06EE..06EF, 06FF | 3 | L2/01-427 | N2481 | Kew, Jonathan (2001-11-01), Proposal to add Parkari letters to Arabic block |
| 4.0 | U+06EE..06EF, 06FF | 3 | L2/01-405R | | Moore, Lisa (2001-12-12), "Motion 89-M3", Minutes from the UTC/L2 meeting in Mountain View, November 6-9, 2001 |
| 4.0 | U+06EE..06EF, 06FF | 3 | L2/02-227 | N2487 | Proposal to add 16 Arabic characters, 2002-05-21 |
| 4.1 | U+060B | 1 | | N2523 | Everson, Michael (2002-11-20), Proposal to encode the AFGHANI SIGN in the UCS |
| 4.1 | U+060B | 1 | L2/03-330 | N2640 | Everson, Michael (2003-10-01), Revised proposal to encode the AFGHANI SIGN in the UCS |
| 4.1 | U+061E, 065A..065C | 4 | L2/98-274 | | Davis, Mark; Mansour, Kamal (1998-07-28), Proposed Arabic Script Additions for Minority Languages |
| 4.1 | U+061E, 065A..065C | 4 | L2/98-409 | | Davis, Mark; Mansour, Kamal (1998-12-01), Proposal to add 25 Arabic characters to the BMP |
| 4.1 | U+061E, 065A..065C | 4 | L2/98-419 (pdf, doc) | | Aliprand, Joan (1999-02-05), "Additional Arabic characters", Approved Minutes -- UTC #78 & NCITS Subgroup L2 # 175 Joint Meeting, San Jose, CA -- December 1-4, 1998 |
| 4.1 | U+061E, 065A..065C | 4 | L2/02-021 | | Davis, Mark; Mansour, Kamal (2002-01-17), Proposal To Amend Arabic repertoire |
| 4.1 | U+061E, 065A..065C | 4 | L2/03-154 | | Kew, Jonathan; Mansour, Kamal; Davis, Mark (2003-05-16), Proposal to encode productive Arabic-script modifier marks |
| 4.1 | U+061E, 065A..065C | 4 | L2/03-168 | | Kew, Jonathan (2003-06-02), Proposal to encode Arabic-script letters for African languages |
| 4.1 | U+061E, 065A..065C | 4 | L2/03-210 | | Kew, Jonathan (2003-06-12), Draft chart showing UTC #95 additions to Arabic blocks |
| 4.1 | U+061E, 065A..065C | 4 | L2/03-223 | N2598 | Kew, Jonathan (2003-07-10), Proposal to encode additional Arabic-script characters |
| 4.1 | U+0659 | 1 | L2/03-133R | N2581R2 | Everson, Michael; Pournader, Roozbeh (2003-05-29), Proposal to encode the ARABIC ZWARAKAY in the UCS |
| 4.1 | U+065D..065E | 2 | L2/04-025R | N2723 | Kew, Jonathan (2004-03-15), Proposal to encode Additional Arabic script characters |
| 5.1 | U+0606..060A | 5 | L2/05-318 | | Lazrek, Azzeddine (2005-10-24), Proposals for Unicode Consortium [Arabic mathematical symbols] |
| 5.1 | U+0606..060A | 5 | L2/05-320 | | Lazrek, Azzeddine (2005-07-10), Arabic Mathematical Diverse Symbols, Additional characters proposed to Unicode |
| 5.1 | U+0606..060A | 5 | L2/06-125 | N3086-1, N3086 | Lazrek, Azzeddine (2006-03-30), Diverse Arabic Mathematical Symbols |
| 5.1 | U+0606..060A | 5 | L2/06-108 | | Moore, Lisa (2006-05-25), "C.16", UTC #107 Minutes |
| 5.1 | U+0606..060A | 5 | | N3103 (pdf, doc) | Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2006-08-25), "8.14", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 48, Mountain View, CA, USA; 2006-04-24/27 |
| 5.1 | U+0606..060A | 5 | | N3153 (pdf, doc) | Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2007-02-16), "M49.7", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 49 AIST, Akihabara, Tokyo, Japan; 2006-09-25/29 |
| 5.1 | U+0616, 063B..063F | 6 | L2/06-345R | N3180R | Everson, Michael; Pournader, Roozbeh; Sarbar, Elnaz (2006-10-24), Proposal to encode eight Arabic characters for Persian and Azerbaijani in the UCS |
| 5.1 | U+0616, 063B..063F | 6 | L2/06-324R2 | | Moore, Lisa (2006-11-29), "C.12", UTC #109 Minutes |
| 5.1 | U+0616, 063B..063F | 6 | L2/07-221 | | Hallissy, Bob (2007-07-19), Shaping behavior of Arabic characters based on Farsi Yeh [2007.07.19] |
| 5.1 | U+0616, 063B..063F | 6 | L2/07-268 | N3253 (pdf, doc) | Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2007-07-26), "M50.15", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 50, Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany; 2007-04-24/27 |
| 5.1 | U+0616, 063B..063F | 6 | L2/22-104 | | Pournader, Roozbeh (2022-05-19), Fixing the name and glyph for U+0616 |
| 5.1 | U+0616, 063B..063F | 6 | L2/22-128 | | Anderson, Deborah; Whistler, Ken; Pournader, Roozbeh; Constable, Peter (2022-07-20), "4a ARABIC SMALL HIGH LIGATURE ALEF WITH LAM WITH YEH", Recommendations to UTC #172 July 2022 on Script Proposals |
| 5.1 | U+0616, 063B..063F | 6 | L2/22-121 | | Constable, Peter (2022-08-01), "Consensus 172-C2", Draft Minutes of UTC Meeting 172, Create a formal name alias type correction for U+0616 ARABIC SMALL HIGH LIGATURE ALEF WITH LAM WITH YEH, with the value ARABIC SMALL HIGH LIGATURE ALEF WITH YEH BARREE. |
| 5.1 | U+0617..061A | 4 | L2/06-358R | N3185R | Everson, Michael; Pournader, Roozbeh (2006-11-01), Proposal to encode four Qur'anic Arabic characters in the UCS |
| 5.1 | U+0617..061A | 4 | L2/06-324R2 | | Moore, Lisa (2006-11-29), "Consensus 109-C29", UTC #109 Minutes |
| 5.1 | U+0617..061A | 4 | L2/07-268 | N3253 (pdf, doc) | Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2007-07-26), "M50.14", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 50, Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany; 2007-04-24/27 |
| 6.0 | U+0620, 065F | 2 | L2/98-274 | | Davis, Mark; Mansour, Kamal (1998-07-28), Proposed Arabic Script Additions for Minority Languages |
| 6.0 | U+0620, 065F | 2 | L2/98-409 | | Davis, Mark; Mansour, Kamal (1998-12-01), Proposal to add 25 Arabic characters to the BMP |
| 6.0 | U+0620, 065F | 2 | L2/98-419 (pdf, doc) | | Aliprand, Joan (1999-02-05), "Additional Arabic characters", Approved Minutes -- UTC #78 & NCITS Subgroup L2 # 175 Joint Meeting, San Jose, CA -- December 1-4, 1998 |
| 6.0 | U+0620, 065F | 2 | L2/02-021 | | Davis, Mark; Mansour, Kamal (2002-01-17), Proposal To Amend Arabic repertoire |
| 6.0 | U+0620, 065F | 2 | L2/09-406 | N3686-I | Proposal to add one character in the Arabic block for representation of Kashmiri and annotation of existing characters, 2008-10-24 |
| 6.0 | U+0620, 065F | 2 | L2/09-176 | | Aazim, Muzaffar; Mansour, Kamal; Pournader, Roozbeh (2009-04-30), Proposal to add two Kashmiri characters and one annotation to the Arabic block |
| 6.0 | U+0620, 065F | 2 | L2/09-215 | N3673 | Pournader, Roozbeh; Anderson, Deborah (2009-05-14), Proposal to add two Kashmiri characters |
| 6.0 | U+0620, 065F | 2 | L2/09-104 | | Moore, Lisa (2009-05-20), "B.15.11.4", UTC #119 / L2 #216 Minutes |
| 6.0 | U+0620, 065F | 2 | | N3703 (pdf, doc) | Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2010-04-13), "M55.8", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting no. 55, Tokyo 2009-10-26/30 |
| 6.0 | U+0620, 065F | 2 | L2/10-169 | | Lata, Swaran (2010-05-06), Comments on the Proposed Arabic Letter Kashmiri Yeh |
| 6.0 | U+0620, 065F | 2 | L2/23-241 | | Goregaokar, Manish (2023-10-16), Annotations for Kashmiri Yeh |
| 6.0 | U+0620, 065F | 2 | L2/23-238R | | Anderson, Deborah; Kučera, Jan; Whistler, Ken; Pournader, Roozbeh; Constable, Peter (2023-11-01), "3b Kashmiri Yeh", Recommendations to UTC #177 November 2023 on Script Proposals |
| 6.0 | U+0620, 065F | 2 | L2/23-273R | | Goregaokar, Manish (2024-01-01), Report on Kashmiri Yeh |
| 6.0 | U+0620, 065F | 2 | L2/24-013R | | Anderson, Deborah; Goregaokar, Manish; Kučera, Jan; Whistler, Ken; Pournader, Roozbeh; Constable, Peter (2024-01-22), "3b Potential disunification of KASHMIRI YEH", Recommendations to UTC #178 January 2024 on Script Proposals |
| 6.0 | U+0620, 065F | 2 | L2/24-152 | | Goregaokar, Manish; Pournader, Roozbeh (2024-06-23), Fixing the Kashmiri Yeh |
| 6.0 | U+0620, 065F | 2 | L2/24-166 | | Anderson, Deborah; Goregaokar, Manish; Kučera, Jan; Whistler, Ken; Pournader, Roozbeh; Constable, Peter (2024-07-18), "3b Fixing KASHMIRI YEH", Recommendations to UTC #180 July 2024 on Script Proposals |
| 6.0 | U+0620, 065F | 2 | L2/24-159 | | Constable, Peter (2024-07-29), "Consensus 180-C23", UTC #180 Minutes, Change the representative glyph for U+0620 ARABIC LETTER KASHMIRI YEH |
| 6.1 | U+0604 | 1 | L2/09-335R | | Moore, Lisa (2009-11-10), "C.11", UTC #121 / L2 #218 Minutes |
| 6.1 | U+0604 | 1 | L2/09-144R3 | N3734 | Pandey, Anshuman (2009-11-20), Proposal to Encode the Samvat Date Sign for Arabic |
| 6.1 | U+0604 | 1 | | N3803 (pdf, doc) | "M56.08a", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting no. 56, 2010-09-24 |
| 6.3 | U+061C | 1 | L2/03-159 | | Kew, Jonathan (2003-05-28), Proposal to encode Arabic triple dot punctuation mark |
| 6.3 | U+061C | 1 | L2/11-005 | | Allouche, Matitiahu; Mohie, Mohamed (2011-01-16), Proposal to encode an Arabic-Letter Mark (ALM) |
| 6.3 | U+061C | 1 | L2/11-016 | | Moore, Lisa (2011-02-15), "Scripts and Symbols — Arabic letter mark", UTC #126 / L2 #223 Minutes |
| 6.3 | U+061C | 1 | L2/11-278 | | Allouche, Matitiahu; Mohie, Mohamed (2011-07-17), Proposal to encode an Arabic-Letter Mark (ALM) |
| 6.3 | U+061C | 1 | L2/11-397 | | Edberg, Peter (2011-10-25), Proposed addition of AL MARK and LEVEL DIRECTION MARK (PRI #205 background) |
| 6.3 | U+061C | 1 | L2/11-398 | | Edberg, Peter (2011-10-25), Accumulated Feedback on PRI #205 (moderated) |
| 6.3 | U+061C | 1 | L2/11-330 | N4181 | Anderson, Deborah (2011-11-04), Proposed Additions to ISO/IEC 10646 |
| 6.3 | U+061C | 1 | L2/11-353 | | Moore, Lisa (2011-11-30), "B.11.18", UTC #129 / L2 #226 Minutes |
| 6.3 | U+061C | 1 | L2/11-432R | N4180 (pdf, doc) | Allouche, Matitiahu; Mohie, Mohamed (2012-02-15), Proposal to encode the Arabic Letter Mark (ALM) |
| 6.3 | U+061C | 1 | | N4253 (pdf, doc) | "M59.16c", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 59, 2012-09-12 |
| 6.3 | U+061C | 1 | L2/13-040 | | Pournader, Roozbeh; Lanin, Aharon (2013-01-29), Fasttracking Arabic Letter Mark (ALM) |
| 6.3 | U+061C | 1 | L2/13-011 | | Moore, Lisa (2013-02-04), "Consensus 134-C14", UTC #134 Minutes |
| 6.3 | U+061C | 1 | L2/13-240 | | Davis, Mark (2013-12-12), Reconciling Script and Script_Extensions |
| 6.3 | U+061C | 1 | L2/16-306 | | Constable, Peter (2016-10-28), Script property of Arabic Letter Mark and interaction with digit substitution mechanisms |
| 6.3 | U+061C | 1 | L2/17-016 | | Moore, Lisa (2017-02-08), "Consensus 150-C24", UTC #150 Minutes, Change the Script property of U+061C from Common to Arabic, and change Script_Extensions from Default to Arabic, Syriac, and Thaana, for Unicode 10.0. |
| 7.0 | U+0605 | 1 | L2/09-163R | | Pandey, Anshuman (2009-09-15), Proposal to Encode Coptic Numerals in ISO/IEC 10646 |
| 7.0 | U+0605 | 1 | L2/10-114 | N3786 | Pandey, Anshuman (2010-04-10), Towards an Encoding for Coptic Numbers in the UCS |
| 7.0 | U+0605 | 1 | L2/10-206R | N3843R | Pandey, Anshuman (2010-06-21), Final Proposal to Encode Coptic Numbers |
| 7.0 | U+0605 | 1 | L2/10-421R | N3958R | Pandey, Anshuman (2010-11-01), Request to Rename 'Coptic Numbers' to 'Coptic Epact Numerals' |
| 7.0 | U+0605 | 1 | L2/11-062R | N3990 | Pandey, Anshuman (2011-02-14), Final Proposal to Encode Coptic Epact Numbers |
| 7.0 | U+0605 | 1 | | N3903 (pdf, doc) | "M57.16", Unconfirmed minutes of WG2 meeting 57, 2011-03-31 |
| 7.0 | U+0605 | 1 | | N4103 | "T.6. Arabic", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 58, 2012-01-03 |
| 14.0 | U+061D | 1 | L2/20-245 | | Hosny, Khaled; Pournader, Roozbeh (2020-09-09), Proposal to encode three Arabic symbols |
| 14.0 | U+061D | 1 | L2/20-250 | | Anderson, Deborah; Whistler, Ken; Pournader, Roozbeh; Moore, Lisa; Constable, Peter; Liang, Hai (2020-10-01), "5a. Three Symbols", Recommendations to UTC #165 October 2020 on Script Proposals |
| 14.0 | U+061D | 1 | L2/20-237 | | Moore, Lisa (2020-10-27), "Consensus 165-C15", UTC #165 Minutes |
| ↑ Proposed code points and characters names may differ from final code points and names ||||||