OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# R. Vaithilingam

R. Vaithilingam is an Indian politician and an ex- Rajya Sabha member from the state of Tamil Nadu. He is now present Member of legislative assembly from Orathanad constituency in the state assembly election of 2021.
Vaithilingam was Minister for Housing and Urban Development in the Government of Tamil Nadu prior to his defeat by M. Ramachandran in the state assembly election of 2016. The defeat was described as a giant-killing outcome. As a cadre of the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK), he had been elected to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from the Orathanad constituency in 2001, 2006 and 2011.
On 3 June 2016, he was elected unopposed to the Rajya Sabha, along with three others of his party.

## Expulsion from AIADMK

On 11 July 2022, R. Vaithilingam along with O. Panneerselvam were expelled as primary members of the party for "anti-party" activities by the AIADMK General Council.
# Platzspitz park

Platzspitz, officially Platzpromenade, is a park in District 1 of the city of Zurich, Switzerland. It is located next to the Swiss National Museum (Landesmuseum) and Central Station and bound by the rivers Sihl to the west and Limmat to the east. The confluence of these rivers lies just north of the park.
Several tall Platanus trees grow in the park, which are some of Zurich's oldest trees. The park also features a statue of the Swiss poet Salomon Gessner and a gazebo. At Platzspitz's northern end, two bridges link the park with the neighbouring quarters and the Dynamo youth center. The park shares a landing stage with the Landesmuseum, served by the ZSG Limmat river cruise.

## History

The history of the park goes back to the Middle Ages. It was originally used as a hunting and shooting ground in the 14th century, and by the end of the 18th century, the park was also adorned with beautiful Baroque architecture.
During the 1980s, heroin users would frequently gather at the park, and attempts to disperse them merely resulted in them regrouping elsewhere. Thus, in 1987, the authorities chose to allow illegal drug use and sales at the park in an effort to contain Zürich's growing drug problem. Police were not allowed to enter the park or make arrests. Clean needles were given out to addicts as part of the Zurich Intervention Pilot Project, or ZIPP-AIDS program. However, a lack of control over what went on in the park caused a multitude of problems. Drug dealers and users arrived from all over Europe, and crime became rampant as dealers fought for control and addicts, numbering up to 1,000, stole to support their habit. The once-beautiful gardens had degraded into a mess of mud and used needles, and the emergency services were overwhelmed by the number of overdoses, which took place almost nightly. Platzspitz, or Needle Park as it was then known, became a source of embarrassment to the Zurich municipal council and in 1992, police moved in to clear up the park. The drug scene was then moved to the adjacent area of Letten railway station, which closed services in 1989. This spot was also cleared by police in 1995.
Platzspitz has been cleaned up and restored, and today it is presented by the authorities as a peaceful, family-friendly garden.

## National Exhibition Vestige

One structure that stands out is the gazebo that stands just behind the Swiss National Museum. It is very close to Zürich's main railway station. The Gazebo is a vestige of Switzerland's first National Exhibition of 1883. It was first built to be a musical pavilion, a function it still serves to this day.
# Vladimir Olgerdovich

Vladimir Olgerdovich (died after 1398) was the son of Algirdas, Grand Duke of Lithuania, his first wife was Maria of Vitebsk. He was the Prince of Kiev from 1362 to 1394. His sons Ivan and Alexander started the Belsky and Olelkovich families.

## Prince of Kiev

After the Battle of Blue Waters in 1362, the Principality of Kiev was attached to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. It is believed that Vladimir was installed in Kiev right after the battle and replaced Fiodor of Kiev. Vladimir conducted independent politics and minted his own coins. Initially the coins were heavily influenced by the numismatic traditions of the Golden Horde and copied symbolism from coins minted by Khans Jani Beg and Muhammad Bolak. However, later the coins replaced the Tatar symbols (i.e. tamga) with letter K (for Kiev) and a cross (for Eastern Orthodox faith). This could indicate that for a while the Principality still had to pay tribute to the Horde. These were the first coins minted in the territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
In late 1384, Vladimir's troops detained Dionysius, the a metropolitan bishop, who died in captivity a year later. This was part of the power struggle between Dionysius, Pimen, and Cyprian for the title of Metropolitan of Kiev and all Rus' (which at that time had residence in Moscow).

## Removal from Kiev

When Jogaila became King of Poland in 1386, Vladimir swore loyalty to him. After the 1392 Ostrów Agreement, Vytautas became the Grand Duke of Lithuania and began to eliminate regional dukes replacing them with appointed regents. This campaign could have been launched to discipline disloyal dukes, but turned into a systematic effort to centralize the state. In 1393, Vytautas confiscated Volodymyr-Volynskyi from Feodor, son of Liubartas, Novhorod-Siverskyi from Kaributas, Vitebsk from Švitrigaila. In 1394, Vytautas and Skirgaila marched against Vladimir, who surrendered without a battle. Skirgaila was installed in Kiev while Vladimir received the Principality of Slutsk.
Vladimir, last mentioned in written sources in October 1398, was the 4th great-grandfather of Elizabeth Báthory.

## Death

Vladimir Olgerdovich died after 1398 and was buried at the Kyiv Pechersk Lavra.
# Bradburia hirtella

Bradburia hirtella is a North American species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, native to Texas and Louisiana in the south-central United States.
Bradburia hirtella is usually annual, with some populations perennial. It is an herb up to 80 cm (32 inches) tall with yellow flower heads. Disc florets are functionally male, the female parts being fertile only in the ray florets.
# Hogs Back Brewery

Hogs Back Brewery is a hops-growing brewery in Tongham, United Kingdom. In 2013, Miles Chesterman was the head brewer and Rupert Thompson was the chairman.
In June 2014, Magners released their Cider Hog, a "portable cider dispenser" with a name and graphics similar to Hogs Back's own Hazy Hog cider, released 15 months prior. Concerned about trademark infringement, Hogs Back communicated with Magners for six months without an acceptable resolution, and so in February 2015 the Tongham brewery initiated legal action against the larger company. C&C Group disputer Hogs Back's claims.
In 2018, the hops garden was expanded to 8.5 acres (3.4 ha), with the new land growing Fuggle, Cascade, and Goldings. The following year, Hogs Back Brewery was expected to spend £350,000 (equivalent to £438,858 in 2023) on a traditional oast house (the first built in the UK in over 100 years). This new kiln was to be built adjacent to the brewhouse and one furlong (660 ft; 200 m) from the hops garden; it was expected to be operational before the Hogs Back's harvest in September 2019. During the eleven months the kiln is not drying hops, it will be "an event space and visitor centre, educating people about the local hop farming industry which Hogs Back is helping to revive."

## Products

| Name | Type | Date | ABV |
| Traditional English Ale | Ale | | 4.2% |
| Hazy Hog | Cider | March 2013 | |
| Hogstar | Lager | December 2013 | 4.5% |
| Montezuma's Chocolate | Lager | 2014 | 4.5% |
Premiering in 2013, the Hogstar lager was fermented longer than contemporary lagers, resulting in what Hogs Back called "the traditional way to round out and balance 'lager' beers. Carbonation develops naturally and we do not pasteurise." This new unpasteurised British lager hoped to succeed on the coattails of Pilsner Urquell, a Londoner lager that helped Plzeňský Prazdroj, a. s. grow 17% in the first half of 2013. Hogstar's initial list price was £1.85 (equivalent to £2.68 in 2023).
In partnership with Montezuma's, a chocolate lager was released in 2014. Though the reviewers with All About Beer called the bronze beer a novelty, the chocolate flavor was described as surprisingly good on its own merits.
# Mercedes 37/95

The Mercedes 37/95 was an early touring car first built in 1910–11 as the 37/90 and produced commercially from 1913 as the 37/95. It had a massive Daimler four cylinder 9.5 litre engine generating 90–95 horsepower, which provided power to the rear wheels by chain drive allowing the car to reach 71 mph (115 km/h).
The body was designed by French Labourdette coach company and the engine was designed by Paul Daimler. It was the last chain-driven car produced by Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft. The 90 h.p. engine, combined with a four speed manual transmission, allowed the car to reach a top speed of 70 mph while weighing 4,300 lb. While powerful, the car was also built for luxury and comfort. Ferdinand I of Bulgaria ordered a 37/90 luxury saloon model, one of few with enclosed bodywork, in 1912. A year and a half after the 37/90 was redesignated as the 37/95, the engine's displacement was increased to 9.8 liters, upon which it was given a new designation reflecting the increased engine size and horsepower, the 38/100. DMG ceased production of the 38/100 in 1915.

## Racing

The 37/95 won a number of races, including the Elgin Trophy and the Vanderbilt Cup. The car was known for some time as the most powerful car in the world.
# Elmendorf Beast

"Elmendorf Beast" was the name given to a coyote blamed for several attacks on livestock in Elmendorf, Texas. Various opinions have been offered as to the identity of the creature, including that it was a Mexican Hairless Dog whose appearance had been altered by sickness and/or congenital ailments, and that it was a wolf–coyote cross. Some local people have linked it to the legend of the Chupacabra, while others believe that it was the product of a lab experiment that escaped, or that it was a previously unknown form of canid that was forced into contact with humans after its natural habitat was destroyed.

## Analysis of the carcass

In August 2004, an animal eventually termed the Elmendorf Beast was shot and killed by local rancher Devin McAnally. The animal was found to be twenty pounds (nine kilograms). It had a severe overbite and unusual skin which was blue and hairless. Experts at San Antonio Zoo were unable to conclusively identify the creature, but based on its skull they speculated that it was a Mexican Hairless Dog. It was later determined by DNA assay conducted at University of California, Davis to be a coyote with demodectic or sarcoptic mange and not originally hairless. DNA gathered from the carcass was inconclusive due to environmental degradation, though it was confirmed that the animal was a member of the canine family.
Two similar carcasses were discovered in Texas and were found to be coyotes, suffering from very severe cases of mange.
# Omiltemi Ecological State Park

Omiltemi Ecological State Park is a protected area in southern Mexico. It is located in the Sierra Madre del Sur of Guerrero. The park includes well-preserved pine–oak forests and cloud forests.

## Geography

Omiltemi Ecological State Park is located in the Sierra Madre del Sur, 15 km west of Chilpancingo.
The topography is rugged, with steep slopes and deep gorges. Elevations range from 1800 to 2800 meters.

## Flora and fauna

The park is in the Sierra Madre del Sur pine–oak forests ecoregion. Plant communities include pine forest, pine–oak forest, cloud forest, oak forest, humid oak forest, and areas of dry scrub. The forests of the reserve are some of the best-preserved in Guerrero. 595 species of vascular plants from 102 families have been identified in the park, including 103 species orchids in 41 genera.
167 species of birds have been recorded. 79% of species are permanent residents, 18% are winter residents, 1% are summer residents, and 2% are of uncertain seasonality. 20 species or subspecies are endemic to the Sierra Madre del Sur. Bird species include the long-tailed wood partridge (Dendrortyx macroura), singing quail (Dactylortyx thoracicus), banded quail (Philortyx fasciatus), white-faced quail-dove (Zentrygon albifacies), military macaw (Ara militaris), dusky hummingbird (Phaeoptila sordida), white-tailed hummingbird (Eupherusa poliocerca), pine flycatcher, (Empidonax affinis), white-throated jay or Omiltemi jay (Cyanolyca mirabilis), Boucard's wren (Campylorhynchus jocosus), Aztec thrush (Ridgwayia pinicola), blue mockingbird (Melanotis caerulescens), red-headed tanager (Piranga erythrocephala), rufous-capped brushfinch (Atlapetes pileatus), and white-throated towhee (Melozone albicollis). Endemic and limited-range species include Wagler's toucanet (Aulacorhynchus wagleri), white-throated jay, white-tailed hummingbird, white-striped woodcreeper (Lepidocolaptes leucogaster), Aztec thrush, and subspecies of the long-tailed wood partridge. Omiltemi is designated an Important Bird Area for the presence of the white-tailed hummingbird and white-throated jay.
The Omiltemi cottontail (Sylvilagus insonus) and Omiltemi minute salamander (Thorius omiltemi) are limited to the park and surrounding mountains.
# St. John's Presbyterian Church (San Francisco, California)

St. John's Presbyterian Church is an open and affirming Presbyterian Church (USA) church in San Francisco at 25 Lake Street and 201 Arguello Boulevard in the Presidio Terrace neighborhood.
It was designed in a Gothic Revival Shingle Style and completed in 1905. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.

## History

St. John's was first located on Post Street near Mason at the former St. James Episcopal Church. That church was built in 1866 and then sold in 1870 to St. John's for $45,000. Dr. William Anderson Scott, the founder of San Francisco Theological Seminary, served as the first pastor from May 1870 until 1885. Membership in the church grew to 382 from 61 over this period. The church moved to the corner of California and Octavia Streets in 1888.
Membership fell after the move and the church had difficulty paying its mortgage. Calvary Presbyterian shared the church while they were building a new church. Calvary helped pay the mortgage and the two churches discussed merging. Nevertheless, St. John's moved again in 1902, this time to the present site in the Richmond district, with financial help from Arthur W. Foster.
The new site was surrounded by sand dunes until row houses were built in the neighborhood. The first service was held on Easter Sunday, April 15, 1906, three days before the great San Francisco earthquake. Damage from the quake was not repaired until a year later; in the meantime, services were held in members' homes. In the immediate aftermath of the quake, many people moved across the Bay to Berkeley, where former congregants of St. John's organized a new church, also called St. John's Presbyterian Church. Dr. George Granville Eldridge, former pastor of the San Francisco congregation, became the founding pastor of St. John's in Berkeley.

## In popular culture

St. John's was used as a location for the 1993 movie "So I Married an Axe Murderer" starring Mike Myers, and for the 1997 movie "Little City" starring Jon Bon Jovi.
# South Mountain Concert Hall

South Mountain Concert Hall is a historic performance hall on New South Mountain Road in Pittsfield, Massachusetts. Founded in 1918 by Chicago native Elizabeth Sprague Coolidge, it has been home to a classical music summer performance series since then, featuring name performers including Leonard Bernstein, Rudolf Serkin, and major chamber music ensembles. The hall was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973, and the extensive estate grounds are open to the public as a nature preserve.

## History

South Mountain was founded in 1918 by Elizabeth Sprague Coolidge, who had moved to the Berkshires in a bid to improve her husband's health. A longtime supporter of chamber music, Mrs. Coolidge in 1916 established the Berkshire String Quartet, which at first gave concerts in her home. Two years later she had the performance hall built on her property that continues in use today.
The hall has played host to a large number of well-known classical music performers, including Peter Serkin, Leontyne Price, the Guarneri String Quartet, the Juilliard Quartet, and others. It has been the setting for world premiere performances of works by Bartók, Stravinsky, Ravel, and Schoenberg. The first complete cycle of the 24 chamber works of Johannes Brahms was given here in 1924.

## Setting and architecture

South Mountain is set on 200 acres (81 ha) of primarily woodland, formerly part of the Coolidge estate. The grounds are operated by the non-profit that manages the facility as a nature preserve open to the public on a year-round basis. The hall is a single-story timber-frame structure, built to resemble a church. It has a hip roof with a cupola, at the center, and a porte cochere at the main entrance on one of the long sides. The long side opposite the entrance has five bays, each of which is fitted with a French door, and there are casement-style windows above them for ventilation. The main timbers for the building were taken from an old textile mill, and the seats were pews taken from a church. The interior is finished with old wooden paneling. The hall is sited adjacent to an open lawn, from which the music can also be heard. In addition to the hall Mrs. Coolidge had cabins built to provide housing for performers.
# Collin's Ford Bridge

Collin's Ford Bridge, also known as Bridge #28, is a historic stone arch bridge located within Big Oaks National Wildlife Refuge (formerly Jefferson Proving Ground) in Shelby Township, Ripley County, Indiana. It was built about 1907, and is a two-span, round-arch bridge constructed of limestone. It measures 108 feet long and is 17 feet wide. The property was acquired by the U.S. Army in 1941.$^{:4}$
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.
# Ben Hazel

Ben Hazel (born 22 May 1990) is an English professional darts player who plays in World Darts Federation (WDF) events.

## Career

In May 2018, Hazel won the Vilnius Open, he beat Łukasz Wacławski in the final. In 2019, he reached Quarter-Finals in both the Swedish and Belfry Open.
In October 2019, he qualified for the 2020 BDO World Darts Championship as one of the Playoff Qualifiers, he defeated Jesús Noguera and Allan Edwards to secure his place in the tournament. He beat Joe Chaney in the preliminary round and Gary Robson in the last 32, before losing to Chris Landman.

## World Championship results
### BDO/WDF

* 2020: Third round (lost to Chris Landman 3–4) (sets)
* 2022: Second round (lost to Luke Littler 2–3)
# 9th Yokohama Film Festival

The 9th Yokohama Film Festival (第9回ヨコハマ映画祭) was held on 6 February 1988 in Kannai Hall, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.

## Awards

* Best Film: The Emperor's Naked Army Marches On
* Best Actor: Saburō Tokitō – Eien no 1/2
* Best Actress: Yasuko Tomita – Bu Su
* Best New Actress:
** Asako Kobayashi – Hahako kankin: mesu
** Michiru Akiyoshi – Hikaru onna
** Yasuyo Shirashima – Honba Joshikō Manual: Hatsukoi Binetsu-hen
* Best Supporting Actor: Sabu Kawahara – Hahako kankin: mesu
* Best Supporting Actress: Eri Ishida – Chōchin
* Best Director:
** Shunichi Kajima – Chōchin
** Kazuo Hara – The Emperor's Naked Army Marches On
* Best New Director: Chisho Itoh – Gondola
* Best Screenplay: Hiroshi Saito – Honba Joshikō Manual: Hatsukoi Binetsu-hen, Itoshino Half Moon
* Best Cinematography: Toshihiko Uryū – Gondola
* Special Jury Prize: Chōchin – For the staff.
* Special Prize: Kensaku Morita (Career)

## Best 10

* The Emperor's Naked Army Marches On
* Bu Su
* Totto Channel
* Eien no 1/2
* Chōchin
* Koibito Tachi no Jikoku
* Koisuru Onnatachi
* Honba Joshikō Manual: Hatsukoi Binetsu-hen
* Hikaru Onna
* Gondola
    runner-up. Make Up
# 1988 Library of the USSR Academy of Sciences fire

The 1988 fire in the Library of the USSR Academy of Sciences (now Library of the Russian Academy of Sciences) broke out on Sunday, February 14, 1988, in the newspaper section on the third floor of the library; the cause of which is still unknown. According to the library's acting director Valeriy Leonov, the fire alarm sounded at 8:13 pm, when the library was closed for visitors. By the time the fire was extinguished the following afternoon, it had destroyed 298,000 books of the total 12 million housed, two to three million more were damaged by heat and smoke. About 734,465 copies volumes initially became damp due to firefighting foam. Many of the lost volumes were part of the Baer Collection of foreign scientific works: 152,000 were lost. The rest 146,000 were Russian books.
The lost fund was partially restored, large batches of books and individual rare editions came from more than 700 domestic libraries to replenish the lost funds.
Many of the lost books were foreign scientific works.

## Extinguishment

The first fire engines arrived eight minutes after the fire alarm went off. However, it took nearly two hours for the firefighters to reach the fire itself. The fire was initially tackled by the Ninth Fire Company that was joined by the crews of seven other fire engines.

## Book salvage

The damp books damaged by fire extinguishment were initially frozen. Then a radio appeal was broadcast for citizens to dry the damp books in their homes. By late March 1988 93% of the damp books had been dried in that way and returned to the library. However, about 10,000 books became moldy.
# Linda Faber

Linda Faber (born 29 February 1960) is a former freestyle swimmer from the Netherlands who competed for her native country at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. She was eliminated in the preliminaries for 400m freestyle. As part of the freestyle team, she came 4th in the 4 × 100 m relay, with Enith Brigitha, Ineke Ran and Annelies Maas.
# Diederik Bangma

Diederik Bangma (born 22 May 1990) is a Dutch football goalkeeper who currently play for German Regionalliga Nord club Cloppenburg. Previously he played for Dutch top flight club SC Heerenveen.

## Club career

During his early years Bangma played at GVVV Veenendaal before being picked up by the youth academy of SC Heerenveen in 2004.
In June 2009 Bangma signed his first deal that would keep him at the Abe Lenstra Stadion until the summer of 2011. In the 2009/2010 season he was the fourth goalkeeper in the hierarchy. Due to injuries of Kenny Steppe, Brian Vandenbussche and Martin Lejsal he debuted on February 27, 2010, in the match against Heracles Almelo. This was his only appearance in the first squad, since the club signed veteran Henk Timmer for the rest of the season as first goalkeeper.
In the summer of 2011 Bangma joined amateur-club WKE on a free transfer, which played in the Topklasse, the third level in Dutch football. He moved to Achilles 1894 in 2015 only to join German Regionalliga Nord club Cloppenburg in February 2016.
# Roald van Noort

Roald Max Antoine van Noort (born March 2, 1960) is a former water polo player from the Netherlands, who finished in sixth position with the Dutch National Men's Team at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles.
# Cherry bomb (disambiguation)

A cherry bomb is a spherically-shaped firework.
Cherry bomb may also refer to:

## Film

* Cherry Bomb (film), a 2011 American action film
* Cherrybomb (film), a 2009 British drama

## Music

* Cherry Bomb (album), 2015, by American rapper Tyler, the Creator
* Cherry Bomb (EP), 2017, by NCT 127
** "Cherry Bomb" (NCT 127 song)
* "Cherry Bomb" (John Mellencamp song), 1987
* "Cherry Bomb" (The Runaways song), 1976
* "Cherry Bomb" (Kylie Minogue song), 2007

## Other

* Cherry Bomb (muffler), a brand of automotive exhaust systems
* Cherry Bomb (wrestler), Canadian professional wrestler Laura Dennis
* Cherry Bomb (comics), fictional character from DC Comics
* Cherry Bomb, a plant from the Plants vs. Zombies franchise