OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Trams in Würzburg

The Würzburg tramway network (German: Straßenbahnnetz Würzburg) is a network of tramways forming part of the public transport system in Würzburg, a city in the federal state of Bavaria, Germany.
The network currently consists of five lines, with a total track length of 42 kilometres (26 mi) (yielding a one-way route length of approximately 21 kilometres (13 mi)). It is operated by Würzburger Straßenbahn GmbH, a subsidiary of Würzburger Versorgungs- und Verkehrs-GmbH [de] (WVV), and as of 1 January 2025, is integrated in the Nahverkehr Mainfranken [de] (NVM) transport association. Before then, it was integrated in one of NVM's predecessors, the Verkehrsunternehmens-Verbund Mainfranken [de] (VVM).

## History

The first horse-drawn tramway opened in Würzburg in 1892. The first electric trams went into operation in Würzburg in 1900.
Beginning in the 1990s, a concerted effort was made to move Würzburg's tram lines into their own rights-of-way and convert them more to a light rail (Stadtbahn) type of operation over the traditional tram system operating in regular road traffic. Currently, most of Würzburg tram lines, outside of sections downtown and in the Sanderau district, operate as light rail in their own rights-of-way. In addition, low-floor light rail vehicles were purchased.

## Lines

As of 2013, the network was made up of the following five lines:
| Line | Route | Travel time | Length* |
| 1 | Grombühl Uni-Kliniken – Hauptbahnhof – Juliuspromenade – Stadtmitte – Sanderring – Sanderau | 20 min | 10.4 km |
| 2 | Hauptbahnhof – Juliuspromenade – Wörthstraße – Zellerau | 14 min | 8.0 km |
| 3 | Hauptbahnhof – Juliuspromenade – Stadtmitte – Sanderring – Steinbachtal – Reuterstraße – Heuchelhof | 27 min | 19.3 km |
| 4 | Sanderau – Sanderring – Stadtmitte – Wörthstraße – Zellerau | 23 min | 12.6 km |
| 5 | Grombühl Uni-Kliniken – Hauptbahnhof – Juliuspromenade – Stadtmitte – Sanderring – Steinbachtal – Reuterstraße – Heuchelhof – Rottenbauer | 39 min | 26.2 km |
* The figure refers to both directions, ie a complete round trip.

## Rolling stock

The Würzburg tram fleet consists of:
* GTW-D8 (6 trams, built by Düwag in 1968)
* GT-E (14 trams, built by LHB in 1989)
* GT-N (20 trams, built by Alstom LHB in 1995)
* GT-F (18 trams, built by HeiterBlick in 2022 - today)
An Artic tram was tested on the network in October 2014. 18 new low-floor GT-F trams were ordered from HeiterBlick [de] in 2019, with deliveries scheduled to begin in 2022. Due to numerous delays, the first tram was delivered in january 2025.
* GTW-D8
* GT-E
* GT-N (left)
* Transtech Artic
# Sister (Sister2Sister song)

"Sister" is the debut single by Australian pop music duo Sister2Sister, released on 4 October 1999. It reached number three in Australia, number 14 in New Zealand, number 18 on the UK Singles Chart, and number 50 in Ireland.

## Charts performance

In Australia, the single was a huge success. It debuted on the ARIA Singles Chart at number 14, then after several weeks climbed inside the top 10; it peaked at number three on 12 December 1999. It spent a total of 20 weeks inside the top 50.
In New Zealand, the single debuted on the RIANZ Singles Chart at number 14 and fell out quickly, spending eight weeks in the top 50. Two weeks after leaving the top 50, it re-entered at number 26, then fell and rose for a further five weeks before exiting for the last time, bringing its week total to 14.
On the UK Singles Chart, "Sister" debuted at number 18, before falling 17 places the next week. It spent two more weeks in the top 100, bringing its total weeks to four. In Ireland, the song spent one week in the top 50, reaching number 50, then dropped out the next week.

## Track listings

Australian CD single
* "Sister"
* "Wait"
Australian remix CD
* "Sister" (Single mix)
* "Sister" (Urban Radio Mix)
* "Sister" (Platform 73 Mix)
* "Sister" (La Funk Mix)
* "Sister" (London House Mix)
UK single
* "Sister"
* "Sister" (Urban Radio Mix)
* "Wait"
UK cassette single
* "Sister"
* "Sister" (Tuff Sister Mix)

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Australia (ARIA) | Platinum | 70,000$^^$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format(s) | Label(s) |
| Australia | 4 October 1999 | CD | Standard |
| United Kingdom | 10 April 2000 | CDcassette | Mushroom |
| United States | 25 July 2000 | Contemporary hit radio | C2 |
# Karakaya Dam

The Karakaya Dam is one of the 21 dams of the Southeastern Anatolia Project of Turkey, built on the Euphrates River and completed in 1987. The hydroelectric dam generates power with six units of 300 MW, totalling the installed capacity to 1,800 MW.

## Conflict with Iraq and Syria

The Euphrates River is an important water source for both Syria and Iraq, and both countries expressed concerns about the Karakaya Dam construction project. A treaty guaranteed a minimum water flow of 500 m$^3$/s (18,000 cu ft/s) through the dam.

## Involuntary resettlement

According to Terminski (2013), the construction of the Karakaya Dam resulted in involuntary resettlement of approximately 30,000 people.
# McMichael v. Price

McMichael v. Price, 58 P.2d 549 (OK 1936), was a case decided by the Supreme Court of Oklahoma that held that a constraint on discretion was enough to ensure mutuality of obligation in a requirements contract.

## Factual background

The plaintiff Harley T. Price formed a contract with defendant W.M. McMichael to enter the sand business, Sooner Sand Company on February 25, 1929. Specifically, part of the contract read that:
   [Price] agrees to purchase and accept from [McMichael] all of the sand ... which [Price] can sell ..."
When McMichael refused to sell the sand, Price sued for breach of contract in Tulsa county. The trial jury found for plaintiff Price, and McMichael appealed.

## Decision

The Supreme Court of Oklahoma affirmed the verdict for the plaintiff. McMichael argued that this was an illusory promise because it lacked mutuality of obligation - he contended that the plaintiff could escape all contract liability for simply refusing to sell sand. The court held that the contract did have mutuality of obligation because the contract constrained Price's discretion. Price was required to buy all the sand that he would sell from McMichael, so if he wanted to be in the sand business he was bound to buy from McMichael. The court noted that Price was an experienced sand salesman, and that while the parties were in business Price was making a profit.
# Kirov (surname)

Kirov (Bulgarian: Киров, Russian: Киров) is a Slavic male surname, its feminine counterpart is Kirova. It may refer to
* Aleksandar Kirov (born 1990), Bulgarian association football player
* Aleksandr Kirov (born 1984), Kazakhstani association football player
* Anton Kirov (born 1990), Bulgarian association football player
* Atanas Kirov (born 1946), Bulgarian Olympic weightlifter
* Ivaylo Kirov (1947–2010), Bulgarian Olympic basketball player
* Lyudmil Kirov (born 1976), Bulgarian association football player
* Nikolay Kirov (athlete) (born 1957), Russian Olympic runner
* Nino Kirov (1945–2008), Bulgarian chess grandmaster
* Panayot Kirov (born 1958), Bulgarian Olympic wrestler
* Petar Kirov (born 1942), Bulgarian Olympic wrestler
* Sergey Kirov (1886–1934), Russian revolutionary
* Vasil Kirov (born 1975), Bulgarian association football player
# Aulaqi

Aulaqi, Awlaki, or Awlaqi may refer to:

## People

* Anwar al-Awlaki (1971–2011), Yemeni-American imam and reported member of al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula
* Abdulrahman al-Awlaki (1995–2011), son of Anwar al-Awlaki and American citizen killed in U.S. drone strike
* Nasser al-Awlaki, former Yemeni minister of agriculture and Anwar al-Awlaki's father
* Nawar al-Awlaki (2008–2017), daughter of Anwar al-Awlaki and American citizen killed in U.S. drone strike
* Nihal Ali al-Awlaqi, Minister of Legal Affairs in Yemen
* Saeed Aulaqi (born 1940), Yemeni dramatist and fiction writer
* Saleh Al-Aulaqi (1938–1973), Yemeni politician and diplomat
* Sa'ad bin Atef al-Awlaki, (born between 1978 and 1983) Yemeni leader of Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula

## Places

* Lower Aulaqi Sultanate, former state in British Aden Protectorate
* Upper Aulaqi Sheikhdom, former state in British Aden Protectorate
* Upper Aulaqi Sultanate, former state in British Aden Protectorate
# Alexandre Moniz Barbosa

Alexandre Moniz Barbosa is an Indian journalist and writer. He is the winner of the 2013 biennial Goan Short Story competition.

## Journalism

Barbosa has written, inter alia, for The Times of India. After a spell as assistant editor at Goa Today, he became assistant resident editor for The Times of India, Goa edition. He was editor of O Heraldo from 2018 to 2022.

## Literary writing

Barbosa wrote the novel Touched By The Toe (2004), set in sixteenth-century Goa, and taking its name an incident in which a Portuguese noblewoman bit off a toe from the relics of St Francis Xavier. He translated from Portuguese to English essays by José Inácio Candido de Loyola, as Passionate and Unrestrained (2008).
In 2011, Barbosa published the book Goa Rewound, a socio-political commentary on Goa.
In 2016 he published the novel Raw Earth, set in contemporary Goa with mining as a backdrop to the plot. Kaddio Boddio, a collection of short stories, was published in 2022. He has also written scholarly articles and short stories.
# John Collins (British businessman)

Sir John Alexander Collins (born 10 December 1941) is a British business executive and director for several corporations. He was born in Southern Rhodesia and after attending Campbell College in Belfast, he graduated from the University of Reading in England in 1964 and received an honorary degree from the University of Strathclyde in 1994.
He worked for the Shell Group for nearly thirty years, starting their Agribusiness in Africa and rising to be the Chief Executive for Shell, UK, from 1990 to 1993. Since then he has held a number of positions, including the chairman of the UK's National Power from 1998 to 2000. He worked for Dixons Retail (comprising Dixons, Currys, PC World, PC City, The Link, Fotovista, and Pixmania) from 2001 to 2009.
He was knighted in 1993.
# Charles Devendeville

Charles Devendeville (8 March 1882 – 19 September 1914) was a French swimmer and Olympic champion. He competed at the 1900 Olympic Games in Paris, where he received a gold medal in the underwater swimming. He died of injuries during the First World War, at age 32.
# Máxima Canal

The Máxima Canal dates from 2014 and runs from the Zuid-Willemsvaart near Den Dungen to the Meuse near Gewande.

## Context

The Máxima Canal is also known as the reroute of the Zuid-Willemsvaart or Omlegging van de Zuid-Willemsvaart. In the early nineteenth century the Zuid-Willemsvaart was dug through the northern part of the center of 's-Hertogenbosch. As there were few buildings in the area this was not a problem till the late nineteenth century. At that time, part of the Citadel of 's-Hertogenbosch, and part of the medieval water gate at the city harbor Binnenhaven had to be demolished to make room for bigger ships. This solved the problem for another century. However, as time went by, ships got so big that the Zuid-Willemsvaart could not be enlarged without severely damaging housing or road traffic in 's-Hertogenbosch.
It was clear that something had to be done if the Zuid-Willemsvaart was to continue its existence as a significant waterway. The extent of what was required followed from the national traffic and transport plan Nationaal Verkeers- en Vervoersplan (NVVP). The NVVP designated the Zuid-Willemsvaart from the Meuse to Veghel as being a part of the main network for water transport. This main network has to be navigable for ships of CEMT class IV. In 's-Hertogenbosch the Zuid-Willemsvaart was only fit ships of CEMT class II, about half the size of CEMT class IV. Realization of the NVVP required a drastic measure, which was to make a shortcut from the Zuid-Willemsvaart to the Meuse east of 's-Hertogenbosch.

## Construction

Construction of the Máxima Canal started in 2007. The work was executed by the Willemsunie, a combination of the contractors 'Van Hattum en Blankevoort', 'KWS Infra', 'GMB Civiel' and 'Van den Herik Kust- en Oeverwerken'.
The Máxima Canal was opened on 19 December 2014. It spelled the end for commercial use of the Zuid-Willemsvaart in 's-Hertogenbosch. Recreational shipping is still allowed to use the old canal, but has sharply decreased. One of the reasons is that the locks and bridges now operate less frequently.

## Locks

Two locks bridge the difference in water level between the Meuse and the Zuid-Willemsvaart:
* Empel lock moves ships from the variable water level of the Meuse to 2 m above Amsterdam Ordnance Datum (Normaal Amsterdams Peil).
* Hintham Lock moves ships from 2 m to 4.7 m above Amsterdam Ordnance Datum.

## Bridges

There are eight bridges across the Máxima Canal. They have an air draft of 7 m, enough for ships to load three layers of containers.

## Nature

In the Netherlands it is mandatory that major infrastructural works that destroy parts of nature are compensated for by creating new nature. For the Máxima Canal nature was compensated by creating Kanaalpark Rosmalen. It is a nature reserve that includes a new 'river' Rosmalense Aa. This is also an Ecological Connection Zone, or Ecologische Verbindingszone between the Aa and the Meuse.
# Titus Claudius Aurelius Aristobulus

Titus Claudius Aurelius Aristobulus (fl. 285–296 AD) was a Roman soldier and politician who served as consul in 285 AD. He served two emperors, Carinus and Diocletian.

## Biography

Aristobulus first appears as the Praetorian prefect under the emperor Carinus in 285. That same year he was made consul posterior, serving alongside the emperor. He accompanied the emperor to the Battle of the Margus River, but ended up betraying Carinus and possibly even killing him on the battlefield, turning the tide of battle in favour of Carinus’ opponent, Diocletian. According to a contemporary source, the reason given for Aristobulus’ betrayal was for revenge – Carinus had forced Aristobulus’ wife to have an affair with him.
With the death of Carinus, the new emperor Diocletian rewarded Aristobulus by retaining him both as consul and as praetorian prefect for the remainder of the year.
Now a member of the senate, Aristobulus continued to flourish under the new regime. In 290, he was assigned as the Proconsular governor of Africa. His governorship was transferred to the new province of Byzacena during Diocletian's reorganization of the empire's provinces, which saw Africa Proconsularis divided into three smaller provinces. During his time as governor, Aristobulus undertook major building activities. His tenure as governor probably ended on 1 July 294, when he was replaced by Cassius Dio.
From 11 January 295 until 18 February 296, Aristobulus was the praefectus urbi of Rome.

## Sources

* Martindale, J. R.; Jones, A. H. M, The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, Vol. I AD 260–395, Cambridge University Press (1971)
* Southern, Pat, The Roman Empire from Severus to Constantine (2004)
# Building and Allied Trades' Union

The Building and Allied Trades' Union (BATU) is a trade union representing workers in the construction industry and furniture trade in Ireland.

## Forerunners

Bricklayers in Dublin appear to have been unionised since at least 1792, and the Old Bodymen was founded in 1802, becoming the Regular Operative Brick and Stonelayers by the 1860s, and the Incorporated Brick and Stonelayers of the City of Dublin in the following decade. In 1888, it registered as the Ancient Guild of Incorporated Brick and Stone Layers Trade Union, although its membership was never large, peaking at 1,367 in 1970.
In 1979, the Irish Union of Woodworkers merged with the Irish Society of Woodcutting Machinists, a small union founded in 1934 with a peak membership of 750, to form the National Union of Woodworkers and Woodcutting Machinists.

## Formation

In 1998, the Ancient Guild of Incorporated Brick and Stone Layers' Trade Union merged with the National Union of Wood Workers and Wood Cutting Machinists, to form the new "Building and Allied Trades' Union".

## General secretaries

    1998: Paddy O'Shaughnessy
    2011: Brendan O'Sullivan
# Mõisaküla

Mõisaküla (Latvian: Muižciems; Meizakila; German: Moiseküll) is a town in southern Estonia, part of Mulgi Parish of Viljandi County, just next to the border of Latvia. It is considered to be the smallest town in Estonia.
The town has 32 streets, with the total length of 15,5 km. There are 401 dwellings in Mõisaküla, consisting mainly of small 1- or 2-floor small houses.
The closest regional centres are Viljandi (49 km away) and Pärnu (63 km). It is 189 km from the capital city, Tallinn, and 125 km from the second largest city, Tartu.

## History

Mõisaküla arose on the fens of Abja manor (mõis), after which it is named. It was a large railway hub in the 1920s and 1930s, when two narrow-gauge lines came through Mõisaküla, serving all of Estonia until the 1970s when the Soviets closed both lines. It became a town on 1 May 1938.
A Lutheran church was established in 1934, but was burned and destroyed in 1983; restoration of the church started in 2005 and the church reopened in 2014.
Mõisaküla is the birthplace of Olympic weightlifting medalist Arnold Luhaäär. Luhaäär's medals are on permanent display at the Mõisaküla Museum. It is also the birthplace of stage and film actress Rita Raave.

## Twin towns – sister cities

The former municipality of Mõisaküla was twinned with:
* Mikkeli, Finland

## Gallery

* Mõisaküla railway station
* Municipal building (August 2012)
* Estonian Orthodox church in Mõisaküla
# PP-125 Jhang-I

PP-125 Jhang-I (پی پی-125، جھنگ-1) is a constituency of the Provincial Assembly of Punjab, in Pakistan. It includes the regions of Jhang Tehsil (partly) of Jhang District.

## General elections 2024

Provincial election 2024: PP-125 Jhang-I :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Independent | Sardar Alhaj Ghulam Ahmad Khan Gadi | 55,756 | 37.96 | |
| | PML(N) | Faisal Saleh Hayat | 38,489 | 26.21 | |
| | Independent | Muhammad Taimoor Khan | 35,486 | 24.16 | |
| | Independent | Neelam Sial | 6,574 | 4.48 | |
| | Independent | Usman Akram | 2,992 | 2.04 | |
| | TLP | Haq Nawaz | 2,203 | 1.50 | |
| | JI | Muhammad Zuabir | 2,067 | 1.41 | |
| | Others | Others (eleven candidates) | 3,307 | 2.24 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 152,042 | 58.79 | |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 146,874 | 96.60 | |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 5,168 | 3.40 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 17,267 | 11.75 | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 258,613 | | |
| | hold | hold | hold | hold | hold |

## General elections 2018

Provincial election 2018: PP-124 Jhang-I :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Independent | Muhammad Taimoor Khan | 32,143 | 27.73 |
| | PPP | Syed Ali Akbar | 24,255 | 20.92 |
| | PTI | Sardar Al Haaj Ghulam Ahmad Khan Gadi | 23,504 | 20.28 |
| | Independent | Aleesha Iftiknar | 19,319 | 16.67 |
| | Independent | Kareem Bakhsh | 12,947 | 11.17 |
| | AAT | Muhammad Mansha | 1,758 | 1.52 |
| | Others | Others (six candidates) | 1,994 | 1.72 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 122,387 | 59.71 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 115,920 | 94.72 |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 6,467 | 5.28 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 7,888 | 6.81 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 204,986 | |

## General elections 2013

| Contesting Candidates | Party Affiliation | Votes Polled |

## General elections 2008

| Contesting Candidates | Party Affiliation | Votes Polled |
# Thernstrom

Thernstrom is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Abigail Thernstrom (1936–2020), American political scientist
* Melanie Thernstrom (born 1964), American crime writer
* Stephan Thernstrom (1934–2025), American historian
# Palazzo Barbieri

Palazzo Barbieri is a Neoclassical style palace located in Piazza Bra in Central Verona; it now serves as the town hall.
The palace was originally named Palazzo della Gran Guardia Nuova, and housed staff associated with the Austrian Army forces. It was designed by Giuseppe Barbieri and was later named in his honor. Construction began in 1836 and was completed by 1848.
The interiors contain a large canvas (1595) by Felice Brusasorzi depicting the victory of the Veronese over Benacensi in the year 829. Others who worked in the studio or contributed were Alessandro Turchi, Pasquale Ottino, and Sante Creara.
A 14th-century fresco depicting a Crucifixion and the Madonna from a private house was implated into the wall near the entrance. One room has tapestries from the 16th century. One designed by Paolo Farinati depicts the 1164 Victory of the Veronese against Frederick Barbarossa. Tha palace also contains various paintings by Carlo Ferrari and Eugenio Gignous.
* Neoclassical façade
* Night view
* The modern expansion in the back
* Side view, with the modern expansion
# Marc Hornschuh

Marc Hornschuh (born 2 March 1991) is a German professional footballer who plays as a centre back for SC Freiburg II in the Regionalliga Südwest.

## Career

On 23 March 2015, Borussia Dortmund II captain Hornschuh agreed to join second-tier FSV Frankfurt on a free transfer at the end of the season, after 15 years with Borussia Dortmund, signing a two-year contract until 30 June 2017.
On 31 August 2015, Hornschuh signed a one-year contract with FC St. Pauli. In March 2016 he chose to extend his contract until 2020. In his time with the club, he struggled with injuries.
# Brian Santarpia

Brian Walter Natale Santarpia is a retired Canadian naval officer and former Commander Maritime Forces Atlantic. He served in the Canadian Forces from 1986 to 2023.

## Career

He joined the Canadian Forces as part of Maritime Command as a trainee MARS (Maritime Surface/Sub-surface) officer in 1986 and served in various postings before commanding HMCS St. John's from January 2007 to July 2008.
This was followed by a stint as Commanding Officer of Sea Training Atlantic. In 2009 he was promoted to captain and served as an advisor to the Vice Chief of the Defence Staff before taking command of CFB Halifax.
He was promoted to commodore in July 2013 as Director General Naval Personnel. In December 2014 he commanded Combined Task Force 150. He was appointed Commander Maritime Forces Atlantic in June 2020.
In 2020, as chief of staff of the Canadian Joint Operations Command, Santarpia privately supported using the COVID-19 pandemic as an opportunity to test propaganda techniques on Canadians, saying “This is really a learning opportunity for all of us and a chance to start getting information operations into our (CAF-DND) routine."
In March 2022, Santarpia was accused of failing to provide effective support to a female officer who had complained of sexual harassment. In a written statement to media, he said an administrative investigation he ordered into his male senior officers' actions, and the decisions in which he was involved, "revealed proper procedures were followed, however, the entire chain of command could have provided more effective support to the persons involved."
In June 2023 Santarpia retired from the Canadian Forces.

## Awards

Santarpia's personal medals and commendation include the following:
| Description | Notes |
| Special Service Medal | With "Expedition" Bar |
| Canadian Peacekeeping Service Medal | |
| Queen Elizabeth Diamond Jubilee Medal | Commemorative medal awarded in 2012 Canadian version |
| Canadian Forces' Decoration (CD) | with two Clasp for 32 years of services |
| Queen Elizabeth II Platinum Jubilee Medal | Commemorative medal awarded in June 2022 Canadian version - Nova Scotia version |
Command Commendation