OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Shaw Mansion (New London, Connecticut)

The Shaw Mansion, also known as the Shaw-Perkins Mansion and as the Shaw Mansion Museum, is a historic mansion and house museum at 11 Blinman Street between Bank and Brewer Streets in New London, Connecticut. Built in 1756 for Nathaniel Shaw Sr., it is a well-preserved example of a wealthy merchant's house, made further notable as the location of the state's naval offices during the American Revolutionary War. The headquarters and museum of the New London County Historical Society have been located in the Shaw Mansion since 1907.
The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1970.

## Description and history

The Shaw Mansion stands overlooking New London's southern downtown waterfront, on the north side of Blinman Street at Bank Street. It is a large three-story granite structure, whose main block is six bays wide, with a single-story porch extending across its width. A three-story granite wing extends the main block to the right at a recess. The interior follows a central hall plan, with a two-stage staircase in the central hall that has a fine mahogany banister and balustrade.
The house was built in 1756 for Nathaniel Shaw Sr. with the labor of Acadians who had been brought to New London as refugees from the English Expulsion of the Acadians from Nova Scotia furing the French and Indian Wars. Nathaniel Jr. was appointed Connecticut's Naval War Agent; at the time, the state had its own navy, but far more effective and lucrative was privateering, the capturing of enemy ships by private individuals. New Londoners captured 155 prize ships during the war, which was one of the reasons behind Benedict Arnold's attack in the Battle of Groton Heights, and the burning of New London. The house caught fire, but local legend has it that the fire was put out by a neighbor using vinegar. The neighbor's house – which is no longer extant – came to be called the "vinegar house".
However it happened, the house survived the fires, suffering only the loss of a wood-frame annex, which was afterwards rebuilt in granite in 1840. The single-story porch across the front was added in the mid-19th century.
Nathaniel Jr. died in a hunting accident in 1792, and the house passed to the Perkins family through the marriage of Shaw's niece. The house remained in the Shaw family until 1907, when it was acquired by the New London Historical Society – although members of the Shaw family continued to live in the house even after the purchase. The society was founded in 1870. The house is now operated as a museum and is the repository of antiques and its extensive research library.
# Christian Manuel

Christian Van Manuel, also known as Christian Manuel Hayes, (born October 19, 1985) is an American politician who represents district 22 of the Texas House of Representatives. A member of the Democratic Party, he was sworn in on January 10, 2023.

## Early life

Manuel was born in Nederland, Texas and raised in Port Arthur. His mother was an educator and his father worked with the U.S. Coast Guard.

## Political career

Prior to holding public office, Manuel was chief of staff to Representative Joe Deshotel, his predecessor. Manuel worked for Deshotel for 18 years.
Manuel was elected in 2022, receiving 56.5% of the vote against Republican opponent Jacorian Randle. He was sworn in on January 10, 2023.

## Personal life

Manuel is one of three openly gay black people in the 88th Texas legislature.
# Rule of threes (survival)

In survival, the rule of threes involves the priorities in order to survive. The rule, depending on the place where one lives, may allow people to effectively prepare for emergencies and determine decision-making in case of injury or danger posed by the environment.

## Rule

Normally, the rule of threes contains the following:
* You can survive three months without companionship.
* You can survive three weeks without food. But, many people have gone for over 40 days during fasting and have survived.
* You can survive three days without drinkable water
* You can survive three hours in a harsh environment (extreme heat or cold).
* You can survive three minutes without breathable air (unconsciousness), or in icy water.
Each line assumes that the one(s) before it are met. For example, if you have a large quantity of food and water yet are exposed to the environment, then the harsh conditions rule applies. The rule may sometimes be useful in determining the order of priority when in a life-threatening situation, and is a generalization (or rule of thumb), not scientifically accurate.
Additional generalizations may be presented with the rule, though they are not considered part of the "Rule of threes" and are also usually not scientifically accurate. For example, it might be said that it takes a three-second psychological reaction time to make a decision during an emergency, that you can survive 3 minutes in icy water, or that an individual can last three months without hope (or companionship).

## Accuracy
### Water

The amount of time a person can survive without a source of water (including food which contains water) depends on the individual and the temperature. As temperature increases, so does water loss, decreasing the amount of time a person can survive without water. The longest anyone has ever survived without water was 18 days. The source of the "3 days" number likely comes from an experiment two scientists did in 1944 where they ate only dry food for a period of time; one ended the experiment at 3 days in, and the other at 4 days in. However since they stopped the experiment before being in any real danger, the actual survival time at room temperature likely exceeds 3-4 days. However, at temperatures greater than room temperature, dehydration can occur very quickly, and death can occur in a matter of hours rather than days. In these cases people typically die of heat stroke first, not terminal dehydration. One person was purported to survive 7 days in the desert, 6 of these without water, without suffering heat stroke as the temperature reached no higher than 103.2 °F (39.6 °C) during his ordeal. However, he had reached the third stage of dehydration, which is 80-90% fatal; this likely represents an upper limit of survival at high temperatures.
# Perry Central Junior-Senior High School (Leopold, Indiana)

Perry Central Junior-Senior High School is a public high school located in Leopold, Indiana.
It formed in 1962 as a consolidation of Leopold High School, Oil Township High School, and Tobinsport High School. Initially the Oil Township High building was used for the consolidated school. In 1966 the current facility opened.
# Arnulf II, Count of Flanders

Arnulf II (960/1 – 30 March 987) was Count of Flanders from 965 until his death.

## Life

He was the son of Baldwin III of Flanders and Matilda of Saxony, countess of Flanders, daughter of Herman, Duke of Saxony. His father Baldwin III died in 962, when Arnulf was just an infant, whilst Arnulf's grandfather, Arnulf I, was still alive. When Arnulf I died three years later (965), the regency was held by his kinsman Baldwin Balso, who died in 973.
By the time Arnulf II attained his majority in 976, Flanders had lost some of the southern territory acquired by Arnulf I. The latter had given some parts of Picardy to King Lothar of France to help assure his grandson's succession, and gave Boulogne as a fief to another relative. Then early in Arnulf's minority Lothar had taken Ponthieu and given it to Hugh Capet, and the first counts of Guînes had established themselves. Arnulf died on 30 March 987 at age 26. Shortly after Arnulf's death his widow married King Robert II of France.

## Family

In 976, he married Rozala of Italy, daughter of Berengar II of Italy, and had two children:
* Baldwin IV (980–1035), who succeeded his father. He married twice and fathered Baldwin V.
* Mathilde, who died before 995.
# Fahrettin Koca

Fahrettin Koca (born 2 January 1965) is a Turkish physician and politician. He was the minister of health of the 67th government of Turkey.

## Early life and education

Fahrettin Koca was born on 2 January 1965 into a Kurdish family in the village Ömeranlı, Kulu District, Konya Province. Koca is from the tribe of Bekiran. He completed his primary and secondary education in Konya and high school in Bursa. After graduating from Istanbul University Medical School in 1988, he received the title of medical doctor. He completed his specialization in the Department of Child Health and Diseases at the Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa Medical School.

## Career

Koca became a pediatrician in 1995. He worked as a doctor and medical director in various health institutions.
He was the Chairman of the Board of Trustees of Istanbul Medipol University, which was founded in 2009 by the Education Health and Research Foundation (TESA), of which he was the founding president. He is a member of the Turkish Pediatrics Institution, the Pediatric Metabolism and Nutrition Association and the Private Hospitals Health Institutions Association (OHSAD). He is also the vice president of the Business Council of the Foreign Economic Relations Council (DEİK) Education Committee and the president of the University Hospitals Association.

### Political career

After the 2018 general elections held in accordance with the amendments from the 2017 Turkish constitutional referendum, Koca was appointed as the minister of health by President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. He took office on 10 July 2018. On July 2, 2024, he resigned. He was replaced by Istanbul Provincial Health Director Kemal Memişoğlu.
# Yogi Aeron

Yogi Aeron (born 1937) is a plastic surgeon from India. In 2020, he was conferred with the Padma Shri by the Government of India for his work in the field of medicine.

## Life

Aeron was born in Muzaffarnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India in 1937. He graduated from PMCH, previously known as the King George Medical College where he was admitted after his fifth attempt. He took seven years to finish the four-year Bachelor course. Later, he studied plastic surgery from the Prince of Wales Medical College in Patna, Bihar in 1971. In 1973, he started working as a plastic surgeon in a district hospital in Dehradun. He went to the United States in 1982 to specialize in plastic surgery. In 1983, he bought a four-acre campus that functions as a treatment facility for the underprivileged and a learning center for children. He has been treating burn patients for free since 1985. In 2020, he was conferred with the Padma Shri by the Government of India for his work in the field of medicine. He resides in Malsi, Dehradun, Uttarakhand.
# Daniel Huss

Daniel Huss (born 4 October 1979) is a Luxembourgish footballer who played as a striker for CS Grevenmacher in Luxembourg's domestic National Division until 2014.

## Club career

Huss came through the youth ranks at local side CS Grevenmacher and joined Belgians Standard Liège at 17 years of age only to leave them for the reserves of FC Kaiserslautern after only half a season. He rejoined Grevenmacher the next season to start a longer-lasting and prolific career with them. He was club captain when he won their first ever league title with Grevenmacher in 2003 and made it a league and cup double by scoring the winning goal in the 1-0 cup final defeat of Etzella Ettelbruck. Also, he became the league's top goalscorer that year by scoring 22 goals.
He also scored a goal in the 2008 cup final, a 4–1 defeat of Victoria Rosport.

## International career

Huss made his debut for Luxembourg in a February 2000 friendly match against Northern Ireland, coming on as a late substitute for Luc Holtz. He went on to earn 46 caps, scoring 2 goals. He played in 12 World Cup qualification matches.

## Honours

CS Grevenmacher
* Luxembourg National Division: 2003
* Luxembourg Cup: 2003, 2008
# Danièle Kaber

Danièle Kaber (born 20 April 1960) is a retired female long-distance runner from Luxembourg. She set her personal best (2:29:23) in the marathon at the 1988 Summer Olympics. Kaber is a three-time Luxembourgian Sportswoman of the Year (1985, 1986 and 1988).

## International competitions

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Luxembourg ||||||
| 1985 | Games of the Small States of Europe | Serravalle, San Marino | 1st | 1500 m | 4:33.09 |
| 1986 | European Championships | Stuttgart, West Germany | 23rd (h) | 3000 m | 9:20.00 |
| 1986 | European Championships | Stuttgart, West Germany | 12th | 10,000 m | 32:16.97 |
| 1987 | Games of the Small States of Europe | Monaco | 3rd | 800 m | 2:13.73 |
| 1987 | World Championships | Rome, Italy | 27th (h) | 10,000 m | 34:24.52 |
| 1988 | Olympic Games | Seoul, South Korea | 7th | Marathon | 2:29:23 |
| 1989 | Games of the Small States of Europe | Nicosia, Cyprus | 2nd | 1500 m | 4:34.94 |
| 1989 | Games of the Small States of Europe | Nicosia, Cyprus | 1st | 3000 m | 9:17.2 |
# David Turpel

David Turpel (born 19 October 1992) is a Luxembourgish professional footballer who plays as a forward for Progrès Niederkorn. He represented the Luxembourg national team internationally, scoring six goals in 51 appearances.

## Career

Born in Luxembourg City, Turpel has played club football for Etzella Ettelbruck, F91 Dudelange, Virton and Swift Hesperange.
He made his international debut for Luxembourg in 2012.

## Career statistics

    Scores and results list Luxembourg's goal tally first.
| No | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1. | 9 October 2014 | Philip II Arena, Skopje, Macedonia | North Macedonia | 2–1 | 2–3 | UEFA Euro 2016 qualification |
| 2. | 4 June 2017 | Stade Josy Barthel, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg | Albania | 1–1 | 2–1 | Friendly |
| 3. | 15 October 2018 | Stade Josy Barthel, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg | San Marino | 1–0 | 3–0 | 2018–19 UEFA Nations League D |
| 4. | 25 March 2019 | Stade Josy Barthel, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg | Ukraine | 1–0 | 1–2 | UEFA Euro 2020 qualification |
| 5. | 10 September 2019 | Stade Josy Barthel, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg | Serbia | 1–2 | 1–3 | UEFA Euro 2020 qualification |
| 6. | 14 November 2019 | Red Star Stadium, Belgrade, Serbia | Serbia | 2–3 | 2–3 | UEFA Euro 2020 qualification |
# Karabulak, Republic of Ingushetia

Karabulak (Russian: Карабула́к; Ingush: Илдарха-Гӏала) is a town in the Republic of Ingushetia, Russia, located on the Sunzha River (a tributary of the Terek), 20 kilometers (12 mi) north of the republic's capital of Magas. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 30,961.

## History

The Cossack stanitsa of Karabulakskaya (Карабулакская) was founded in 1859. Urban-type settlement status was granted to it in 1962 and town status was granted in 1995.
In the 1990s, the town's population more than tripled, because of an influx of refugees from neighboring Chechnya.

## Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is incorporated as the town of republic significance of Karabulak—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, the town of republic significance of Karabulak is incorporated as Karabulak Urban Okrug.

## Economy

A chemical factory is located in Karabulak.

## Geography
### Climate

Karabulak has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification: Dfa).
Climate data for Karabulak :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 0.5 (32.9) | 2.1 (35.8) | 7.6 (45.7) | 16.0 (60.8) | 22.0 (71.6) | 25.9 (78.6) | 28.2 (82.8) | 27.7 (81.9) | 22.5 (72.5) | 15.8 (60.4) | 8.2 (46.8) | 2.9 (37.2) | 15.0 (58.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −3.3 (26.1) | −2.1 (28.2) | 3.0 (37.4) | 9.9 (49.8) | 15.8 (60.4) | 19.7 (67.5) | 22.1 (71.8) | 21.5 (70.7) | 16.5 (61.7) | 10.5 (50.9) | 4.2 (39.6) | −0.7 (30.7) | 9.8 (49.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −7.1 (19.2) | −6.2 (20.8) | −1.6 (29.1) | 3.8 (38.8) | 9.7 (49.5) | 13.5 (56.3) | 16.1 (61.0) | 15.4 (59.7) | 10.6 (51.1) | 5.2 (41.4) | 0.2 (32.4) | −4.2 (24.4) | 4.6 (40.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 25 (1.0) | 26 (1.0) | 36 (1.4) | 57 (2.2) | 92 (3.6) | 113 (4.4) | 87 (3.4) | 70 (2.8) | 52 (2.0) | 40 (1.6) | 36 (1.4) | 29 (1.1) | 663 (25.9) |
| Source: ||||||||||||||
# Yeh College

Yeh College (provisionally known as New College East until 2022, and Residential College 7 until 2021) is the seventh residential college at Princeton University. It opened at the beginning of the academic year in September 2022. The construction of Yeh College increased the undergraduate student body population by 10 percent, or 500 students. It aims to be LEED Gold certified. Deborah Berke Partners are the architects of the new buildings. A sister college, tentatively titled New College West, was built adjacent to Yeh College, and shares the same dining facility. New College West houses students displaced by the demolition of First College, which is to be replaced with Hobson College in 2027.
# Edmond Jacobs

Edmond Jacobs (14 October 1928 – 26 March 2012) was a Luxembourgish professional racing cyclist. He rode in the 1956 Tour de France.
# Peyton R. Helm

Peyton Randolph "Randy" Helm was the eleventh president of Muhlenberg College, located in Allentown, Pennsylvania. Helm took office on July 1, 2003, and departed on June 30, 2015.

## Biography
### Education

Helm earned a B.A. in archaeology from Yale University. He holds a doctorate in ancient history, specializing in ancient Greek and Near Eastern history and literature, from the University of Pennsylvania.

### Career
#### University of Pennsylvania

From 1979 – 1988, Helm worked at the University of Pennsylvania in various capacities. He served as senior administrative fellow and assistant dean of the college, Hill College House, at the University of Pennsylvania and functioned as chief operating officer and as assistant dean for academic advising in the College of Arts and Sciences from 1979 – 1981. Between 1981 and 1984, he worked as coordinator of college house programs and as chief operating officer for the university's six college houses. From 1984 – 1986, he served as associate director of development for the School of Arts and Sciences. He served as director of development, School of Arts & Sciences, from 1986 – 1988 and was responsible for laying groundwork for the school's component of the university's $1 billion campaign.

#### Colby College

From 1988 to 2003, Helm worked at Colby College in Waterville, Maine. He served as vice president for development and alumni relations and as campaign director from 1988 – 2001 through the completion of the college's $100 million campaign, with comprehensive totals equaling $150 million. From 2001 – 2003, he worked as vice president for development and alumni relations. He continues to do contract work at Colby as an instructor in the Classics Department. He runs an annual January Program course about the Bronze Age Collapse where students travel to Greece (in 2023 the course went to Egypt and Turkey, but this was a one-time affair.)

#### Muhlenberg College

Helm served as the president of Muhlenberg College in Allentown, Pennsylvania from July 1, 2003 to June 30 2015. Helm led the college's $105 million capital campaign, with totals exceeding $110 million.
During Helm's tenure, Muhlenberg completed construction of a life sports center, a science building, two major residential facilities, conversion of a former fraternity house into rehearsal space and an addition in classroom, office and dining space to the student union. Muhlenberg also added a film studies major along with minors in African-American studies and public health.
On July 1, 2010, Helm received a new five-year contract from Muhlenberg College. He retired from Muhlenberg effective June 30, 2015.

#### University of Massachusetts-Dartmouth

Helm served as the interim Chancellor at University of Massachusetts Dartmouth between January 2016 and June 2017.
He currently serves as a Trustee of the American Society of Overseas Research (ASOR) and as a member of the Yale Alumni Association Board of Governors.
# P. Venkat Rangan

Prof. Dr. P. Venkat Rangan is an Indian computer scientist and vice chancellor of Amrita University. He was the founder and director of the Multimedia Laboratory and Internet at the University of California, San Diego, where he served as Professor of Computer Science. Dr. Rangan also founded Yodlee Inc. and served as its CEO, for which in 2000, he was selected as one of the 25 best entrepreneurs by the President of the United States of America and featured on the July 2000 cover of Internet World Magazine.
With over 100 research papers and 30 US patents to his credit, Venkat Rangan has been the driving force behind the setting up of a large number of inter-disciplinary research centers within Amrita University. He has extensively collaborated with international and Indian Govt partners on research projects.

## Education

Venkat Rangan has been the recipient of President of India's gold medal from Indian Institute of Technology Madras in 1984. As a Ph.D. student in Computer Science he spent a year at Cornell University, before moving to University of California, Berkeley. At UC Berkeley he secured the top-most rank in the qualifying exams for graduate studies. In 1988, his Ph.D. thesis at University of California, Berkeley was judged as the outstanding Ph.D of the year by IBM.

## Research and Academic career

He was the founder and director of the Multimedia Laboratory and Internet & Wireless Networks (WiFi) Research center at the University of California, San Diego, where was also Professor of Computer Science and Engineering for 16 years. At age 33 he was one of the youngest full professors at University of California, San Diego.
Venkat Rangan has been identified by the ACM as a pioneer of research in Multimedia Systems, and for "founding one of the foremost centers for research in multimedia, in which area he is an inventor of fundamental techniques with global impact".

## Positions held

Prof. Rangan has served various positions:
* Founder and Program Chairman of ACM Multimedia ’93: First International Conference on Multimedia, an premier world-wide conference on multimedia
* Founder and Editor-in-Chief of the ACM/Springer-Verlag journal: Multimedia Systems, a premier journal on Multimedia.
* member of multimedia expert panel of the US National Academy of Sciences/ROC Scientific Committee, a visiting scientist at Xerox Parc
* Multimedia Technology Advisor to the Electronics Secretary of the Government of India
* Program Chairman, 1997 Indo-US Bilateral Conference on Multimedia.

## Awards

* NSF National Young Investigator Award (1993)
* Fellow of Association for Computing Machinery (1998): youngest to achieve this international distinction
* named under top 25 Stars of Internet Technologies, featured on its cover page of Internet World (July 2000)
* Best Computer Science Scientists in India award (2023)
* Stanford top scientists 2% award (2023)
# Edy Dublin

Eduard "Edy" Dublin (born 9 February 1943) is a Luxembourgish former footballer who played at both professional and international levels as a midfielder.

## Career

Born in Emerange, Dublin played club football in Luxembourg and France for Mondorf-les-Bains, Nancy, Mulhouse, Besançon, Spora Luxembourg and Aris Bonnevoie.
He earned 17 caps for Luxembourg between 1965 and 1970, appearing in eight FIFA World Cup qualifying matches.
# Edy Hein

Edy Hein (11 August 1929 – 31 July 2006) was a Luxembourgish racing cyclist. He rode in the 1953 Tour de France.