# List of medieval Mongol tribes and clans

History of Mongolia :
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Prehistoric period Afanasievo culture 3300–2500 BC Chemurchek culture 2750–1900 BC Munkhkhairkhan culture 1800–1600 BC Sagsai culture 1500–1000 BC Ulaanzuukh culture 1450–1150 BC Deer stones culture 1400–700 BC Slab-grave culture 1100–300 BC Chandman culture 700–300 BC Pazyryk culture 600–300 BC :
Ancient period Xiongnu 209 BC–93 AD Xianbei state 93–234 Rouran Khaganate 330–555 Göktürks (First, Eastern,
and Second Turkic Khaganates) 555–630 682–744 Xueyantuo 628–646 Tang protectorate 647–682 Uyghur Khaganate 744–840 Liao dynasty 907–1125 :
Medieval period Mongol khanates 9th–12th century Khamag Mongol 1130–1206 Mongol Empire 1206–1368 Yuan dynasty 1271–1368 Northern Yuan 1368–1635 Oirat Confederation 1399–1634 Dzungar Khanate 1634–1757 Qing dynasty 1691–1911 :
Modern period National Revolution 1911 Bogd Khaganate 1911–1919 Chinese occupation 1919–1921 People's Revolution (Soviet intervention in Bogd Khanate) 1921 1921–1924 People's Republic 1924–1992 Democratic Revolution 1990 Modern Mongolia 1990–present :
vte :
The qualifier Mongol tribes was established as an umbrella term in the early 13th century, when Temüjin (later Genghis Khan) united the different tribes under his control and established the Mongol Empire. There were 19 Nirun tribes (marked (N) in the list) that descended from Bodonchar and 18 Darligin tribes (marked (D) in the list), which were also core Mongolic tribes but not descending from Bodonchar. The unification created a new common ethnic identity as Mongols. Descendants of those clans form the Mongolian nation and other Inner Asian people.
Almost all of tribes and clans mentioned in the Secret History of the Mongols and some tribes mentioned in the Tarikh-i-Rashidi, there are total 33 Mongol tribes.

## Core Mongolic tribes

* Khori-Tumed [ru]
* Khorilar
* Dorben (N)
* Uriankhat
* Ma'alikh baya'ut (D)
* Jarchi'ut Adangkhan (D)
* Belgunot
* Bugunot
* Khatagin (N)
* Eljigin
* Salji'ut
** Jadaran (N)
** Baarin (N)
** Manan Ba'arin
** Jaruud
*** Noyakin (N)
*** Barlas (N)
*** Buda'at (N)
*** Adargin/Adarkin (N)
**** Chonos (N)
**** Telenggut
*** Uru'ut (N)
*** Manghut (N)
*** Taichi'ut (N)
**** Süldüsün (D)
**** 'Naked' Ba'arin
*** Besut (N)
*** Oronar
*** Khongkhotan
*** Arulad
*** Sunud
*** Khabturkhas
*** Gheniges
*** Yürki
*** Kiyat
*** Jurkin
*** Khadagin
*** Mangkhol

## Keraites

The Keraites were a Turco-Mongol Christian (Nestorian) nation. Prominent Christian figures were Tooril and Sorghaghtani Beki.
* Tumen Tubegun; Mongolian: Tümen Tübegün
* Dungkhait; Mongolian: Dongoid
* Ubchikh
* Jirgin
* Ongchijid

## Tatar confederation

Tatars were a major tribal confederation in the Mongolian Plateau.
* Airi'ut, mentioned in connection with Ambakhai's death
* Buiri'ut, mentioned in connection with Ambakhai's death
* Juyin other Tatars, or maybe a military organization, mentioned in connection with Ambakhai's death
* Chakhan Tatar, mentioned in connection with the final destruction of the Tatar; Mongolian: Tsagaan Tatar
* Alchi Tatar, mentioned in connection with the final destruction of the Tatar
* Duta'ut Tatar, mentioned in connection with the final destruction of the Tatar
* Alukhai Tatar, mentioned in connection with the final destruction of the Tatar
* Tariat Tatar

## Merkit confederation

The Merkits was a Mongol tribe or potentially a Mongolised Turkic group who opposed the rise of Temüjin, and kidnapped his new wife Börte. They were defeated and absorbed into the Mongol nation early in the 13th century.
* Uduyid; Mongolian: Uduid Mergid
* Uvas, Uvas Mergid
* Khaad, Khaad Mergid

## Naimans

In The Secret History of the Mongols, the Naiman subtribe the "Güchügüd" are mentioned. According to Russian Turkologist Nikolai Aristov's view, the Naiman Khanate's western border reached the Irtysh River and its eastern border reached the Mongolian Tamir River. The Altai Mountains and southern Altai Republic were part of the Naiman Khanate. They had diplomatic relations with the Kara-Khitans, and were subservient to them until 1175. In the Russian and Soviet historiography of Central Asia they were traditionally ranked among the Mongol-speaking tribes. For instance, such Russian orientalists as Vasily Bartold, Grigory Potanin, Boris Vladimirtsov, Ilya Petrushevsky, Nicholas Poppe, Lev Gumilyov, Vadim Trepavlov classified them as one of Mongol, Other scholars classified them as a Turkic people from Sekiz Oghuz (means "Eight Oghuz" in Turkic). However, the term "Naiman" has Mongolian origin meaning "eight", but their titles are Turkic, and they are thought by some to be possibly Mongolized Turks. They have been described as Turkic-speaking, as well as Mongolian-speaking. Like the Khitans and the Uyghurs, many of them were Nestorian Christians or Buddhists.

## Ongud

The Ongud (also spelled Ongut or Öngüt; Mongolian: Онгуд, Онход; Chinese: 汪古, Wanggu; from Old Turkic öng "desolate, uninhabited; desert" plus güt "class marker") were a Turkic tribe that later became Mongolized active in what is now Inner Mongolia in northern China around the time of Genghis Khan (1162–1227).
Many Ongud were members of the Church of the East, They lived in an area lining the Great Wall in the northern part of the Ordos Plateau and territories to the northeast of it.

## Dughlat

The Dughlats are mentioned in the Jami' al-tawarikh.

## Other groups mentioned in Secret History of the Mongols

Groups whose affiliation is not really made clear: these groups may or may not be related to any of the tribes and clans mentioned above:
* Olkhonud, the clan of Temüjin's mother (D); Mongolian: Olkhunuud
* Khongirad, the tribe Börte, Temüjin's first wife, descends from (D)
* some clans whose members join Temüjin after the first victory over the Merkit and the separation from Jamukha:
** Jalair'
** Tarkhut
** Bishi'ut; Mongolian: Bishiüd
** Bayads
** Khinggiadai (D), Khinggit, subclan of Olhunoud; Mongolian: Khingid
** Gorlos (D), subclan of Olhunoud
** Ikires; Mongolian: Ikhires
** Sakhait
** Arulat (Mongolian:Arulad)(D)
** Oronar
* some clans that take part in Sangums conspiracy:
** Khardakit
** Ebugedjin; Mongolian: Övögjin
** Kharta'at (N?)
* Khorulas, clan that joins Chinggis at the Baljun lake
* Tokhura'ut
* Negus or Chonos tribe, clan whose chief is killed together with the 70 Chinos princes