OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Annis Somerville

Annis Somerville is a retired New Zealand judge. She was the first judge of Māori descent to be appointed to the Family Court of New Zealand.

## Biography

Somerville was born in Lawrence, Central Otago and attended school in Oamaru. She studied anthropology, philosophy and Russian studies at the University of Otago. She then trained as a school teacher and taught for two years, including one year at Otumoetai Intermediate School in 1973. Somerville decided to enrol for law studies when her older brother started studying law.
Somerville was admitted to the bar in 1978, and initially worked for a private law firm. In 1987 she set up her own all-women barristers and solicitors practice. Somerville served as Chair of the Family Law Section Executive and as a member of the Law Practitioners' Disciplinary Tribunal. She was appointed a Family Court judge on 2 March 2001 and served for 16 years in Tauranga and Rotorua before retiring in 2017.
Somerville is a fellow and vice chair of Knox College and founding member and an honorary life member of the Otago Women's Law Society. In 1996 she was president of the Otago District Law Society. She was also a founding member and president of the NZ Association of Women Judges until 2016. In addition, she is an adviser to the Dunedin Community Law Centre, a sexual harassment assessor for the Presbyterian Church, Honorary Solicitor for the Otago Foster Parents' Association and a management committee member of Nga Toko Amo Education and Wellness Centre.

## Personal life

Somerville has Ngāi Tahu and Scottish descent. In 1998, Somerville married fellow lawyer Peter Rollo. Rollo was also appointed a judge, in 2000; they became the first husband and wife judiciary officers in New Zealand.
# Japan University of Economics

Japan University of Economics (日本経済大学, Nihon Keizai Daigaku), abbreviated as Nikkeidai (日経大, Nikkeidai), is a private university headquartered in Dazaifu, Fukuoka, Japan.

## Overview

The university is owned by Tsuzuki Ikuei Educational Institute (都築育英学園, Tsuzuki Ikuei Gakuen), which is in turn a member of the Tsuzuki Education Group (都築学園グループ, Tsuzuki Gakuen Gurūpu).
The university ranks 4th in Japan by number of international students. Over 80% of students at its Tokyo campus are from overseas.

## History

The school was established in 1968 as Daiichi University of Economics (第一経済大学, Daiichi Keizai Daigaku). It changed its name to Fukuoka University of Economics (福岡経済大学, Fukuoka Keizai Daigaku) in 2007 and adopted its present name in 2010.

## Campuses

The university comprises three undergraduate campuses: its main campus in Dazaifu, Fukuoka and additional campuses in Sannomiya, Kobe and Shibuya, Tokyo. The university also has a graduate school located in Shibuya, Tokyo.

## Academics
### Undergraduate

The university comprises two faculties, Economics and Management, offering admission to the following departments:
* Faculty of Economics
** Department of Economics
** Department of Commerce
** Department of Health and Sports Management
* Faculty of Management
** Department of Management
** Department of Global Business
** Department of Creative Production
** Department of Digital Business Management
The Fukuoka campus offers admission to all departments, while the Tokyo campus offers admission to departments in the Faculty of Management only, and the Kobe campus offers admission to the Department of Commerce only.

### Graduate

The university’s graduate school comprises a single faculty, the Graduate School of Business, which offers Master's and Doctoral degrees in Management.

## Notable people

Notable people associated with the university include:
* Chihiro Anai, singer
* ASKA, singer-songwriter
* Shingo Arizono, football player
* Chage, musician and radio personality
* Ryoji Katsuki, baseball player
* Kim Mu-young, baseball player
* Ryunosuke Noda, football player
* Naoki Nomura, football player
# Tyler Roberts (footballer, born 2003)

Tyler Ashley Roberts (born 4 November 2003) is a professional footballer who plays as a winger for AFC Fylde. Born in England, he plays for the Jamaica national team.

## Club career
### Wolverhampton Wanderers

Roberts is a youth product of Wolverhampton Wanderers since the age of nine. He worked his way up their youth sides, until signing his first professional contract with the club on 14 November 2021. In September 2021 he started training with their senior team, having played with their U21 and U23 sides.
On 16 June 2023, Doncaster Rovers signed Roberts on a season-long loan. On 2 January 2024, his loan was ended and he returned to his parent club.

### AFC Fylde

On 30 August 2024, Roberts joined National League side AFC Fylde on loan until 31 January 2025. In January 2025, he joined the club on a permanent eighteen-month contract.

## International career

Roberts was born in England and is of Jamaican descent. He was called up to represent the Jamaica U20s for the 2022 CONCACAF U-20 Championship. He debuted for the senior Jamaica national team in a friendly 0–0 draw to Trinidad and Tobago on 14 March 2023.
# Gustaaf Van Cauter

Gustaaf (Staf) Van Cauter, (born 31 March 1948) is a former racing cyclist. He was born in Mechelen, Belgium. He competed in the team time trial at the 1972 Summer Olympics. As of 2010, Van Cauter is President of molecular imaging company Bioscan.

## Major sport achievements

* 1970
** winner 1st étape at the Tour de Namur
* 1971
** world champion, 100 km team road race
* 1972
** 3rd place, 1972 Summer Olympics, 100 km team road race
# Phil Waller (rugby union)

Phillip Dudley Waller (28 January 1889 – 14 December 1917) was an English-born international rugby union forward who played club rugby for Newport and Johannesburg. He won six caps for Wales and also played for the British Isles in their 1910 tour of South Africa.

## Rugby career

Waller joined Newport in 1906 and represented the club on 79 appearances. While playing in Britain he represented two county teams, Somerset and Monmouthshire. In 1908 Waller turned out for Newport against the touring Australian team. He debuted for Wales against the same touring Australian team he faced with Newport. The next year he was selected to play in all three matches of the 1909 Home Nations Championship. In his first Home Nations match against England he was joined by fellow Newport player Jack Jones and Swansea's Jack Bancroft. Wales won all their matches and won the Triple Crown. Wales and Waller also faced France during 1909, and after beating them Wales won the unofficial Grand Slam. Waller is therefore one of the very few Welsh internationals to have defeated a Southern Hemisphere team and won a Grand Slam in the same season. Waller played once more for Wales, again against France in a record breaking game in 1910.
Waller was chosen in 1910 to represent the British Isles team in their tour of South Africa. Waller was chosen to play in all three tests, and after the tournament was over, elected to stay in South Africa and played for Johannesburg's Golden Lions. After the outbreak of World War I, he enlisted in the South Africa Artillery Regiment. He was killed by shellfire at Arras in northern France in 1917.

## International matches played

Wales
* Australia 1905
* England 1903
* France 1909, 1911
* Ireland 1909
* Scotland 1909
British Isles
* South Africa 1910, 1910, 1910
# Piers von Dadelszen

Piers von Dadelszen (born March 25, 2000) is a Canadian professional rugby union player.

## Rugby career

Born in Vancouver, British Columbia, von Dadelszen was a Canada under-age representative, educated in England at Whitgift School. He continued his studies at the University of Oxford and gained three blues while playing for Oxford University RFC, as a back-rower and lock. After completing his master's degree in engineering, von Dadelszen was signed by Major League Rugby team New England Free Jacks for the 2024 season.

### International

In 2022, von Dadelszen was capped for Canada in matches against Spain and Namibia. He made a further two appearances in 2023, against Tonga in Nukuʻalofa.

## Honours
### New England Free Jacks

* Major League Rugby Championship: 2024
# Pilgrimz

Pilgrimz is a Danish rock band from the city of Nykøbing Falster on the island of Falster, Denmark. The band formed in 1998, from members Max Christensen (vocals) and Michael "Aage" Aagesen (guitar), who set out to experiment with the crossing of Metal and Hardcore. Later, Daniel Hermann (bass) and Niels Larsen (drums) joined. Pilgrimz play overdrived metal music and hard rock, with elements of punk rock and hardcore metal.
Officially announced on their Facebook page that the band was "dead" in 2013.

## History

Pilgrimz released their first EP Goodday mister president in 2003 – a four-track. Half a year after they released another EP, Small minds - great knowledge as a mini CD. The EP was recorded by and at Jacobhansen Studios.
The band recorded their first album Boar Riders with Jacob Hansen, and the album was mixed and mastered by Tue Madsen at Antfarm Studios. It was released in 2008 by I Scream Records. Pilgrimz signed with the booking agency The Agency Group. This took them touring as warm-up for artists like Raised Fist and Gojira (band).
In the summer of 2008 and 2009 Pilgrimz played at Roskilde Festival, Hultsfred Festival, Sweden Rock Festival and Ruisrock.
They are releasing their second album (Self titled) later in 2012

## Discography

* 2006 – Goodday mister president EP
* 2007 – Small minds Great knowledge EP
* 2008 – Boar Riders Album (I scream records)
* 2012 – Self titled Album
# Pinhal Grande River

The Pinhal Grande River is a river of São Paulo state in southeastern Brazil.
# Francisco Gutiérrez Álvarez

Francisco Gutiérrez Álvarez (born 3 June 1980) is a Spanish former racing cyclist. He notably finished second in the under-23 road race at the 2002 UCI Road World Championships and competed in the 2003 Vuelta a España

## Major results
### 2002

    1st Overall Spanish Amateur Road Cycling Cup
    1st Santikutz Klasika
    1st Stage 5b Vuelta a Navarra
    2nd Road race, UCI Under-23 Road World Championships
    National Under-23 Road Championships
       2nd Road race
       3rd Time trial

### 2003

    7th Clásica de Almería

### 2004

    8th Trofeo Luis Puig

### 2005

    1st Overall Spanish Amateur Road Cycling Cup
    3rd Overall Vuelta a Navarra

### 2006

    1st Overall Spanish Amateur Road Cycling Cup
    1st Overall Vuelta a Cantabria
    1st Subida a Urraki
    1st Santikutz Klasika
# Pokr Vedi

39°53′42″N 44°36′45″E﻿ / ﻿39.89500°N 44.61250°E﻿ / 39.89500; 44.61250 Pokr Vedi (Armenian: Փոքր Վեդի) is a village in the Vedi Municipality of the Ararat Province of Armenia.
# Israel M. Goldman

Israel M. Goldman (1904 - February 9, 1979) was an American Rabbi.

## Early life and move to Chizuk Amuno

Goldman was born in Poland and immigrated to the United States. He lived in New York for a time as he attended the Jewish Theological Seminary of America where he graduated in 1926. He immediately made his home in Providence, Rhode Island where he served as a Rabbi at Temple Immanuel until 1948, when he moved to Baltimore, MD. On November 14, 1948, Rabbi Goldman was installed as the 4th leader of Chizuk Amuno. From 1948-1976, Rabbi Goldman "established Chizuk Amuno’s first Adult Jewish Institute, Laymen’s Weekend Retreat, and Interfaith service." He was married to Mildred Goldman and had two daughters, Anna and Tobie.

## On discrimination

In 1948, the nation Israel was established in Palestine, and he stated that "the Jewish state signalizes the only good to come out of World War II." He said this because he believed that the USA had not overcome its racial bias thereby necessitating that Jews possess a home of their own. In 1953, he headed a research group that collected data regarding racial issues in Baltimore. The Committee of Self Survey, as the group was dubbed, revealed:
* Of the 100,000 people surveyed, 24% were black.
* 91% of "hotels restaurants, theaters, department stores, and other 'public accommodations,'" were guilty of some form of racial bias.
* 75% of church leaders polled were favorable to serving all the people as opposed to 10% who were not.
* 80% of blacks surveyed lived in 19% of the city's living space.
* 40% of black housing was substandard.
Rabbi Goldman participated in the civil rights movement to change this. In the summer of 1963, Rabbi Goldman was arrested at Gwynn Oak Park for protesting racial bans there. However, Rabbi Goldman's participation was not universally welcomed. In 1968 Rabbi Goldman lamented, "[h]ow ironic that the Jewish group that has stood in the forefront of action for the civil rights throughout the country, and throughout the years, should now be singled out by these extremist groups in their blind hatred for the white community." But Rabbi Goldman pointed out that the opposition to his participation was not shared by all as he acknowledged "that some Negroes, in their frustrations, have turned into the blind alley and self degrading path of antisemitism".

## Death

In 1976, Rabbi Goldman retired from the rabbinate. He had increased the membership of Chizuk Amuno from 420 families to 1200. He had also moved the worship center of the congregation, in the 1960s, from Eutaw Place to Stevenson Road just outside the city. On February 9, 1979 Rabbi Goldman died at 6 A.M.

## Works by Rabbi Goldman

Rabbi Goldman was also a published author. His works are:
Lifelong learning among Jews: adult education in Judaism from Biblical times to the twentieth century. International Standard Book Number: 9780870682919.
The life and times of Rabbi David Ibn Abi Zimra; a social, economic and cultural study of Jewish life in the Ottoman Empire in the 15th and 16th centuries as reflected in the Responsa of the RDBZ.
# Hanon Systems

Hanon Systems Co., Ltd. (Korean: 한온시스템 주식회사) is an automotive parts manufacturing firm headquartered in Daejeon, South Korea. It is one of the world's largest suppliers of auto thermal management systems.
On January 6, 2025, Hankook & Company Group announced that it had completed the acquisition of a majority stake in Hanon Systems.

## History

Hanon Systems was initially established as Halla Climate Control, a joint venture between Ford and Mando Machinery, in 1986. During the Asian financial crisis in 1999, Halla Group, a parent company of Mando, went bankrupt and sold its entire stake in the joint venture to Visteon under Ford. After Visteon's takeover, Ford integrated Visteon's thermal system businesses into Halla Climate Control and changed its name to Halla Visteon Climate Control (HVCC) in 2013.
In 2015, Visteon sold its 70% stake in HVCC to a consortium led by Hahn & Company, a South Korean private equity investment firm, and Hankook Tire. HVCC was renamed Hanon Systems after the acquisition. In 2019, Hanon Systems acquired Magna International's fluid pressure and control unit for US$1.23 billion.
# Friedrich Paulsen

Friedrich Paulsen (/ˈpaʊlzən/; German:; July 16, 1846 – August 14, 1908) was a German Neo-Kantian philosopher and educator.

## Biography

He was born at Langenhorn (Schleswig) and educated at the Gymnasium Christianeum, the University of Erlangen, and the University of Berlin. He completed his doctoral thesis under Friedrich Adolf Trendelenburg at Berlin in 1871, he habilitated there in 1875, and he became extraordinary professor of philosophy and pedagogy there in 1878. In 1896 he succeeded Eduard Zeller as professor of moral philosophy at Berlin.
He was the greatest of the pupils of Gustav Theodor Fechner, to whose doctrine of panpsychism he gave great prominence by his Einleitung in die Philosophie (1892; 7th ed., 1900; Eng. trans., 1895). He went, however, considerably beyond Fechner in attempting to give an epistemological account of the knowledge of the psychophysical. Admitting Immanuel Kant's hypothesis that by inner sense we are conscious of mental states only, he holds that this consciousness constitutes a knowledge of the thing-in-itself which Kant denies. Soul is, therefore, a practical reality which Paulsen, with Arthur Schopenhauer, regards as known by the act of will. But this will is neither rational desire, unconscious irrational will, nor conscious intelligent will, but an instinct, a will to live (Zielstrebigkeit), often subconscious, pursuing ends, indeed, but without reasoning as to means. This conception of will, though consistent and convenient to the main thesis, must be rigidly distinguished from the ordinary significance of will, i.e. rational desire.
Paulsen was a proponent of hylozoism, stating it is “a conception which almost irresistibly forces itself upon modern biology."
Paulsen is almost better known for his educational writings than as a pure philosopher, including his German Education, Past and Present (Eng. trans., by I. Lorenz, 1907).

## Works

Among his other works are:
* Versuch einer Entwickelunggeschichte der Kantischen Erkenntnistheorie (Leipzig, 1875)
* Im. Kant (1898, 1899)
* "Gründung, Organisation und Lebensordnungen der deutschen Universitäten im Mittelalter". Sybels Histor. Zeitschrift. xlv. 1881.
* Geschichte des gelehrten Unterrichts auf den deutschen Schulen und Universitäten (1885, 1896)
* System der Ethik (1889, 1899; Eng. trans. [partial] 1899)
* Das Realgymnasium u. d. humanist. Bildung (1889)
* Kant d. Philos. d. Protestantismus (1899)
* Schopenhauer, Hamlet u. Mephistopheles (1900)
* Philosophia militans (1900, 1901)
* Parteipolitik u. Moral (1900)
# Charles Douglas (Canadian politician)

Charles Stanford Douglas (October 1, 1852 – April 15, 1917) born in Madison, Wisconsin, was a co-journalist and realtor, and the 13th Mayor of Vancouver, British Columbia, serving a single term in 1909. He also represented Emerson in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba as a Conservative from 1883 to 1888.
The son of John A. Douglas, Charles Standford Douglas was educated at Wayland University. In Wisconsin. In 1877, he move to Canada and settled in Fort William, Ontario, where he became the publisher of the Fort William Day Book. The following year, he relocated to Emerson, Manitoba, and founded a new newspaper, The Emerson International. In 1881, he married Annie Johnston. Douglas served as the U.S. vice-consul at Emerson, was a member of the town council, and became mayor of 1888. He was elected to the Manitoba assembly in an 1883 which occurred after Frederick Burnham was unseated for bribery and was reelected in 1886.
In 1909, Douglas married Elizabeth Manley (née Fisher), a widow, after the death of his first wife.
He died in Vancouver at the age of 64.
# Polymorphic recursion

In computer science, polymorphic recursion (also referred to as Milner–Mycroft typability or the Milner–Mycroft calculus) refers to a recursive parametrically polymorphic function where the type parameter changes with each recursive invocation made, instead of staying constant. Type inference for polymorphic recursion is equivalent to semi-unification and therefore undecidable and requires the use of a semi-algorithm or programmer-supplied type annotations.

## Example
### Nested datatypes

Consider the following nested datatype in Haskell:
A length function defined over this datatype will be polymorphically recursive, as the type of the argument changes from Nested a to Nested [a] in the recursive call:
Note that Haskell normally infers the type signature for a function as simple-looking as this, but here it cannot be omitted without triggering a type error.

### Higher-ranked types
## Applications
### Program analysis

In type-based program analysis polymorphic recursion is often essential in gaining high precision of the analysis. Notable examples of systems employing polymorphic recursion include Dussart, Henglein and Mossin's binding-time analysis and the Tofte–Talpin region-based memory management system. As these systems assume the expressions have already been typed in an underlying type system (not necessary employing polymorphic recursion), inference can be made decidable again.

### Data structures, error detection, graph solutions

Functional programming data structures often use polymorphic recursion to simplify type error checks and solve problems with nasty "middle" temporary solutions that devour memory in more traditional data structures such as trees. In the two citations that follow, Okasaki (pp. 144–146) gives a CONS example in Haskell wherein the polymorphic type system automatically flags programmer errors. The recursive aspect is that the type definition assures that the outermost constructor has a single element, the second a pair, the third a pair of pairs, etc. recursively, setting an automatic error finding pattern in the data type. Roberts (p. 171) gives a related example in Java, using a Class to represent a stack frame. The example given is a solution to the Tower of Hanoi problem wherein a stack simulates polymorphic recursion with a beginning, temporary and ending nested stack substitution structure.
# How to Piss in Public

How to Piss in Public: From Teenage Rebellion to the Hangover of Adulthood is the 2012 autobiography of the British-Canadian media personality Gavin McInnes. It has also been published as The Death of Cool.

## Summary

Gavin McInnes envisioned the book as a collection of his best bar stories. It consists of 41 stories from his life arranged in a three-act structure. He grew up in small-town Canada and tells stories of how he took drugs, was drunk and played in a punk band. As a young man, he moved to Montreal and co-founded the magazine Vice, which he sold for a large sum of money when it became successful. Much of the book consists of McInnes' anecdotes about intoxication, sex and violence. The latter part of the book is about how he met his wife and became a father.

## Reception

Caitlin Stall-Paquet of Paste wrote that the book reveals "the infuriating man-child within this punk-rocker-writer-hipster-king", and yet manages to be "an exciting, continuously forward-moving narrative". Kirkus Reviews called it "a monumentally unfunny memoir of being a jerk", and wrote that it seems like McInnes wants to write like Hunter S. Thompson but lacks Thompson's "inspired lunacy".
# Potrerillos Arriba

Potrerillos Arriba is a town in the Chiriquí province of Panama. The name "Potrerillos" means "Little Pastures," and is derived from the numerous stone walls built by the indigenous population several centuries ago. The walls were constructed through forced labor under the direction of Spanish settlers to form pastures for the settlers' cattle. The area of Potrerillos is divided into two towns, Potrerillos Arriba and Potrerillos Abajo, with Arriba and Abajo meaning "upper" and "lower," respectively. Both towns are near the city of David and the mountain Volcán Barú.

## Sources

* World Gazetteer: Panama – World-Gazetteer.com
* This article about the geography of Chiriquí Province is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
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