# Vice President of Peru

The Republic of Peru has two vice presidents, the First Vice President and the Second Vice President, who are elected along with the President in democratic elections. Their only constitutional mission is to replace the President in case of death, permanent or temporary incapacity, resignation, being abroad without the permission of Congress, failure to return from abroad at fixed time, and/or dismissal or removal from office as allowed by the Constitution. They cannot be appointed outside of general elections.
The First and Second Vice Presidents are first and second in the presidential line of succession. The leader of Congress, the President of the Congress, follows the First Vice President and the Second Vice President in the line of succession.
In modern Peruvian history, two Vice Presidents have acceded to the presidency after the President could no longer serve, Martín Vizcarra and Dina Boluarte. The 32nd First Vice President Martín Vizcarra assumed the office of the presidency in 2018 after the graft scandal that led to the resignation of President Pedro Pablo Kuczynski. The 33rd First Vice President Dina Boluarte assumed the office of the presidency in 2022 after President Pedro Castillo attempted to dissolve Congress and was impeached and removed from the presidency.
Historically, the position was one of a sole Vice President, which was in place in the years 1829–1831 and 1858–1862. The dual positions of First and Second Vice Presidents have been in place since 1862.
The office of the First Vice President is currently vacant, the most recent First Vice President having been Dina Boluarte. The office of the Second Vice President is also currently vacant, the most recent Second Vice President having been Mercedes Aráoz.

## History
### Vice President

The position of Vice President of Peru appeared for the first time in the Constitution of 1823:
   "ARTICLE 76: There will be a Vice President in whom the same qualities concur. He/she will administer and withhold Executive Power in event of the death, resignation, or impeachment of the President, or when the president is unable to control the armed forces." Constitution of 1823
The Constitution of 1828 and the Life Constitution of 1826 also proposed only one vice president, who had to be appointed by the president. In the Constitution of 1834, the office was disbanded until the Magna Carta of 1856, which reinstated the sole vice-presidency.

### First Vice President and Second Vice President

The Constitution of 1860 established two vice-presidents, elected jointly with the President.
   Article 89: "There will be two Vice Presidents of the Republic, named first and second, who will be elected at the same time, with the same qualities and for the same period as the President. Constitution of 1860
In the Constitution of 1867, the power of vice-presidents was eminently curtailed. However, this constitution held in place for a short period until a successful revolution of that same year restored the Constitution of 1860.
Similarly, the Constitution of 1920 abolished the positions of vice-presidents. The Constitution of 1933 failed to change this, but the office was eventually restored by the second presidency of Óscar R. Benavides, by law on 1 April 1936. In 1939, via plebiscitary consultation, a constitutional amendment was made restoring the office of vice president and second vice president.
The 1993 Constitution and the current constitution in force — put forth by President Alberto Fujimori — recognizes the double vice-presidency in the Executive Branch.
In recent history, there have been two instances where the First Vice President has acceded to the presidency after the President could no longer serve. The 32nd First Vice President Martín Vizcarra assumed the office of the presidency in 2018 after the graft scandal that led to the resignation of President Pedro Pablo Kuczynski. The 33rd First Vice President Dina Boluarte assumed the office of the presidency in 2022 after President Pedro Castillo attempted to dissolve Congress and was impeached and removed from the presidency. No Second Vice President has recently acceded to the presidency.

## Current officeholders

The office of the First Vice President is currently vacant. The most recent First Vice President is Dina Boluarte, who held the office until 7 December 2022 after President Pedro Castillo's self-coup d'état attempt and removal from the presidency. The office of the Second Vice President is also currently vacant because Castillo's second running mate, Vladimir Cerrón, was disqualified by the National Jury of Elections to run as Second Vice President in the 2021 election due to Cerrón having served a prison sentence for corruption since 2019.
The most recent Second Vice President is Mercedes Aráoz, who held the office until her resignation was accepted by Congress on 7 May 2020. Earlier, on 30 September 2019, the Peruvian Congress had been in the midst of the 2019 Peruvian constitutional crisis and named Aráoz as Acting President after having declared President Martín Vizcarra unfit for office. Given that Congress had itself been dissolved earlier that day by President Vizcarra and that Aráoz supported the Vizcarra's call for new congressional elections, she irrevocably resigned as Second Vice President on 1 October 2019, to leave Vizcarra as the sole claimant to the presidency. Aráoz's resignation was not accepted until 7 May 2020, by a newly elected Congress.

## List of vice presidents of Peru

| Pos. | Vice President | Political party | Inaugurated | Left office | President | Notes |
| - | Diego de Aliaga | | November 1823 | February 1824 | José Bernardo de Tagle | |
| - | Manuel Salazar y Baquíjano | | August 1827 | June 1829 | José de la Mar | |
| - | Antonio Gutiérrez de la Fuente | | 1 September 1829 | 16 April 1831 | Agustín Gamarra | |
| - | Juan Manuel del Mar | | 24 October 1858 | 16 June 1862 | Ramón Castilla | |
| First | Juan Antonio Pezet | Military | 24 October 1862 | 5 August 1863 | Miguel de San Román | |
| Second | Pedro Diez Canseco | Military | 24 October 1862 | 5 August 1863 | Miguel de San Román | |
| First | Mariano Herencia Zevallos | Military | 2 August 1868 | 27 July 1872 | José Balta | |
| Second | Francisco Diez Canseco | Military | 2 August 1868 | 27 July 1872 | José Balta | |
| First | Manuel Costas Arce | Civilista Party | 2 August 1872 | 2 August 1876 | Manuel Pardo y Lavalle | |
| Second | Francisco Garmendia Puértolas | Civilista Party | 2 August 1872 | 2 August 1876 | Manuel Pardo y Lavalle | |
| First | Luis La Puerta | | 2 August 1876 | 18 December 1879 | Mariano Ignacio Prado | |
| Second | José Francisco Canevaro | | 2 August 1876 | 18 December 1879 | Mariano Ignacio Prado | |
| First | Lizardo Montero Flores | | 12 March 1881 | 6 November 1881 | Francisco García Calderón | |
| Second | Andrés Avelino Cáceres | | 12 March 1881 | 6 November 1881 | Francisco García Calderón | |
| First | Remigio Morales Bermúdez | Constitutional Party | 3 June 1886 | 10 August 1890 | Andrés Cáceres | |
| Second | Aurelio Denegri | Constitutional Party | 3 June 1886 | 10 August 1890 | Andrés Cáceres | |
| First | Pedro Alejandrino del Solar | Constitutional Party | 10 August 1890 | 1 April 1894 | Remigio Morales Bermúdez | |
| Second | Justiniano Borgoño | Constitutional Party | 10 August 1890 | 1 April 1894 | Remigio Morales Bermúdez | |
| First | César Canevaro | Constitutional Party | 10 August 1894 | 20 March 1895 | Andrés Cáceres | |
| Second | Cesáreo Chacaltana Reyes | Constitutional Party | 10 August 1894 | 20 March 1895 | Andrés Cáceres | |
| First | Guillermo Billinghurst | Democratic Party | 8 September 1895 | 8 September 1899 | Nicolás de Piérola | |
| Second | Augusto Seminario Váscones | Democratic Party | 8 September 1895 | 8 September 1899 | Nicolás de Piérola | |
| First | Isaac Alzamora | Alianza Civil-Demócrata | 8 September 1899 | 8 September 1903 | Eduardo López de Romaña | |
| Second | Federico Bresani | Alianza Civil-Demócrata | 8 September 1899 | 8 September 1903 | Eduardo López de Romaña | |
| First | Lino Alarco Brediñana | Civilista Party | - | - | Manuel Candamo | Died 13 June 1903 before taking office |
| Second | Serapio Calderón | Civilista Party | 8 September 1903 | 7 May 1904 | Manuel Candamo | |
| First | José Salvador Cavero Ovalle | Civilista Party | 24 September 1904 | 24 September 1908 | José Pardo y Barreda | |
| Second | Serapio Calderón | Civilista Party | 24 September 1904 | 1907 | José Pardo y Barreda | |
| First | Eugenio Larrabure y Unanue | Civilista Party | 24 September 1908 | 24 September 1912 | Augusto Leguía | |
| Second | Belisario Sosa | Constitutional Party | 24 September 1908 | 24 September 1912 | Augusto Leguía | |
| First | Roberto Leguía | Civilista Party | 24 September 1912 | 4 February 1914 | Guillermo Billinghurst | |
| Second | Miguel Echenique | Civilista Party | 24 September 1912 | 4 February 1914 | Guillermo Billinghurst | |
| First | Ricardo Bentín Sánchez | Alianza Civil-Constitucional-Liberal | 18 August 1915 | 4 July 1919 | José Pardo y Barreda | |
| Second | Melitón Carvajal | Alianza Civil-Constitucional-Liberal | 18 August 1915 | 4 July 1919 | José Pardo y Barreda | |
| First | César Canevaro | | 12 October 1919 | 31 October 1922 | Augusto Leguía | |
| Second | Agustín de la Torre González | | 12 October 1919 | 12 October 1924 | Augusto Leguía | |
| First | Ernesto Montagne Markholz | Peruvian Army | 13 April 1936 | 8 December 1939 | Óscar R. Benavides | |
| Second | Antonio Rodríguez Ramírez | Peruvian Army | 13 April 1936 | 8 December 1939 | Óscar R. Benavides | |
| First | Rafael Larco Herrera | Conservative | 8 December 1939 | 28 July 1945 | Manuel Prado Ugarteche | |
| Second | Carlos D. Gibson | Conservative | 8 December 1939 | 28 July 1945 | Manuel Prado Ugarteche | |
| First | José Gálvez Barrenechea | National Democratic Front | 28 July 1945 | 29 October 1948 | José Bustamante y Rivero | |
| Second | Eduardo Ganoza y Ganoza | National Democratic Front | 28 July 1945 | 29 October 1948 | José Bustamante y Rivero | |
| - | Zenón Noriega Agüero | Peruvian Army | 29 October 1948 | 1 June 1950 | Manuel A. Odría | De facto |
| First | Héctor Boza | Odriíst National Union | 28 July 1950 | 28 July 1956 | Manuel A. Odría | |
| Second | Federico Bolognesi | Odriíst National Union | 28 July 1950 | 28 July 1956 | Manuel A. Odría | |
| First | Luis Gallo Porras | Peruvian Democratic Movement | 28 July 1956 | 18 July 1962 | Manuel Prado Ugarteche | |
| Second | Carlos Moreyra y Paz Soldán | Peruvian Democratic Movement | 28 July 1956 | 18 July 1962 | Manuel Prado Ugarteche | |
| First | Nicolás Lindley López | Peruvian Army | 18 July 1962 | 3 March 1963 | Ricardo Pérez Godoy | De facto |
| Second | Pedro Vargas Prada | Peruvian Army | 18 July 1962 | 3 March 1963 | Ricardo Pérez Godoy | De facto |
| First | Edgardo Seoane Corrales | Popular Action | 28 July 1963 | 3 October 1968 | Fernando Belaúnde Terry | |
| Second | Mario Polar Ugarteche | Christian Democracy | 28 July 1963 | 3 October 1968 | Fernando Belaúnde Terry | |
| - | Luis Edgardo Mercado Jarrín | Peruvian Army | 3 October 1968 | 30 August 1975 | Juan Velasco Alvarado | De facto |
| - | Pedro Richter Prada | Peruvian Army | 30 August 1975 | 28 July 1980 | Francisco Morales Bermúdez | De facto |
| First | Fernando Schwalb | Popular Action | 28 July 1980 | 28 July 1985 | Fernando Belaúnde Terry | |
| Second | Javier Alva Orlandini | Popular Action | 28 July 1980 | 28 July 1985 | Fernando Belaúnde Terry | |
| First | Luis Alberto Sánchez | Peruvian Aprista Party | 28 July 1985 | 28 July 1990 | Alan García Pérez | |
| Second | Luis Alva Castro | Peruvian Aprista Party | 28 July 1985 | 28 July 1990 | Alan García Pérez | |
| First | Máximo San Román | Change 90 | 28 July 1990 | 5 April 1992 | Alberto Fujimori | |
| Second | Carlos García y García | Change 90 | 28 July 1990 | 5 April 1992 | Alberto Fujimori | |
| First | Ricardo Márquez Flores | Change 90-New Majority | 28 July 1995 | 28 July 2000 | Alberto Fujimori | |
| Second | César Paredes Canto | Change 90-New Majority | 28 July 1995 | 28 July 2000 | Alberto Fujimori | |
| First | Francisco Tudela | Peru 2000 | 28 July 2000 | 22 November 2000 | Alberto Fujimori | Resigned. |
| Second | Ricardo Márquez Flores | Peru 2000 | 28 July 2000 | 22 November 2000 | Alberto Fujimori | Resigned. |
| First | Raúl Diez Canseco | Popular Action | 28 July 2001 | 14 December 2004 | Alejandro Toledo Manrique | Resigned |
| Second | David Waisman | Possible Peru | 28 July 2001 | 28 July 2006 | Alejandro Toledo Manrique | |
| First | Luis Giampietri | Peruvian Aprista Party | 28 July 2006 | 28 July 2011 | Alan García Pérez | |
| Second | Lourdes Mendoza | Peruvian Aprista Party | 28 July 2006 | 28 July 2011 | Alan García Pérez | |
| First | Marisol Espinoza | Peruvian Nationalist Party (until 2015) Alliance for Progress (since 2015) | 28 July 2011 | 28 July 2016 | Ollanta Humala | |
| Second | Omar Chehade | Peruvian Nationalist Party | 28 July 2011 | 16 January 2012 | Ollanta Humala | Resigned |
| First | Martín Vizcarra | Peruvians for Change | 28 July 2016 | 23 March 2018 | Pedro Pablo Kuczynski | Succeeded Kuczynski as President |
| Second | Mercedes Aráoz | Independent politician | 28 July 2016 | - | Pedro Pablo Kuczynski | |
| First | Vacant | | 23 March 2018 | 10 November 2020 | Martín Vizcarra | Vacant upon Martín Vizcarra's accession to the presidency |
| Second | Mercedes Aráoz | Independent politician | - | 7 May 2020 | Martín Vizcarra | Submitted her resignation on 1 October 2019 amidst the 2019–2020 Peruvian constitutional crisis, but her resignation was not officially accepted by Congress until 7 May 2020 |
| First | Vacant | | 10 November 2020 | 15 November 2020 | Manuel Merino | |
| Second | Vacant | | 10 November 2020 | 15 November 2020 | Manuel Merino | |
| First | Vacant | | 17 November 2020 | 28 July 2021 | Francisco Sagasti | |
| Second | Vacant | | 17 November 2020 | 28 July 2021 | Francisco Sagasti | |
| First | Dina Boluarte | Free Peru (until 2022) Independent (since 2022) | 28 July 2021 | 7 December 2022 | Pedro Castillo | Succeeded Castillo as President |
| Second | Vacant | | 28 July 2021 | 7 December 2022 | Pedro Castillo | President Pedro Castillo's winning ticket in the 2021 election originally had Vladimir Cerrón as nominee for Second Vice President before Cerrón's removal from the ticket due to his conviction on corruption charges |
| First | Vacant | | 7 December 2022 | | Dina Boluarte | Vacant since Dina Boluarte's accession to the presidency |
| Second | Vacant | | 7 December 2022 | | Dina Boluarte | |