# Miniature pig

A miniature pig, minipig or micro-pig is a breed of domestic pig characterised by its unusually small size. Some miniature pigs – such as the Cerdo Cuino of Mexico, the Lon I of Vietnam, the Ras-n-Lansa of Guam in the Marianas Islands and the Wuzhishan of Hainan Island in China – are traditional breeds of those areas.$^{:238}$$^{:714}$ Many others have been selectively bred since the mid-twentieth century specifically for laboratory use in biomedical research; among these are the Clawn and the Ohmini of Japan, the Czech Minipig, the German Göttingen Minipig, the Lao-Sung of Taiwan, the Russian Minisib, the extinct Minnesota Miniature of the United States and the Westran of Australia.$^{:7}$ Some minipigs have been bred to be marketed as companion animals.$^{:652}$
Miniature pigs generally reach their full size in about four years, and may live for up to fifteen. Some may reach a height of 50 cm (20 in) at the shoulder and a body length of 100 cm (40 in).

## History

The first mini pig breed developed in the United States was the Minnesota Miniature, which emerged in the 1940s.
In the 1960s, Vietnamese Pot-bellied pigs that grew up to 91 kilograms (200 lb) were sent to zoos in Western cities and were used for medical research in the fields of toxicology, pharmacology, pulmonology, cardiology, aging, and as a source of organs for organ transplantation. These comparatively smaller pigs were easier to work with than larger pig breeds, which typically reach weights of 600 lb (270 kg).
Beginning in the late 1960s at the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics (Institut für Tierzucht und Haustiergenetik) at the University of Göttingen, Germany, the Göttingen minipig was developed by crossbreeding the Minnesota minipig, the Vietnamese Pot-Bellied pig and the German Landrace pig.
In the mid-1980s, the Bowmanville Zoo in Ontario imported breeding Vietnamese Pot-Bellied pigs to Canada, which became the foundation for the pot-bellied pig in North America. The breed is known for its small stature, swayed back, and pronounced pot belly. Because of custom laws, only their offspring could be sold in the United States. U.S. zoos were the main target for the offspring.
Up to five additional imports were made in the following 10 years. To track the pedigrees, the Potbellied Pig Registry Service, Inc (PPRSI) was created to preserve these bloodlines and establish a breed registry in the United States. This registry was dissolved in the late 1990s. Today, most pot-bellied pigs are seldom to never purebred, as the pure breed is critically endangered.

## Use

Miniature pigs have been used for medical research, including toxicology, pharmacology, experimental surgery, pulmonology, cardiology, xenotransplantation, orthopedic procedures and aging studies. Mini pigs are mainly used for biochemical, anatomical, and physiological similarities to humans. They are also quick to develop, making it easier to breed and have more genomic background compared to other animal models of toxicology. Today, more than 60,000 pigs are used for scientific research. For example, scientists are working on studying the possibility of utilizing pig hearts for human heart organ transplants, and work has been done to genetically modify the tissues of pigs to be accepted by the human immune system.
Miniature pigs are occasionally kept as companion animals, and some have been bred specifically to be marketed for this purpose.$^{:652}$
Pigs have been used in various types of animal-assisted therapy.

## Breeds

Among the naturally-occurring traditional breeds of miniature pig are the following:
| Local name(s) | English name if used | Country | . Notes |
| Ashanti Dwarf$^{:206}$ | | Ghana | |
| Bakosi$^{:206}$ | | Cameroon | |
| Bamaxiang$^{:181}$ | | Guangxi, China | |
| Chin$^{:189}$ | | Myanmar | |
| Cuino | | Mexico | possibly extinct$^{:239}$ |
| Ghori$^{:173}$ | | north-east IndiaBhutanBangladesh | |
| Lon Co | | Vietnam | central Vietnam$^{:188}$ |
| Lon I | "Vietnamese Pot-bellied" | Vietnam | traditional breed, formerly numerous, now gravely endangered |
| Ras-n-las | | Guam$^{:606}$ | |
Among the modern breeds created specifically for laboratory use are the following:
| Name(s) | Country | Notes |
| Clawn | Japan | bred from 1978 at Kagoshima University from Landrace x Large White, Göttingen Miniature and Ohmini$^{:7}$$^{:580}$$^{:193}$ |
| Froxfield Pygmy | | United Kingdom$^{:115}$ |
| Göttingen MinischweinGöttingen Minipig | Germany | bred in the early 1960s at Göttingen University from small Vietnamese pigs and Minnesota Miniature; white variant developed by crossing with German Landrace$^{:151}$ |
| Hanford Miniature$^{:151}$ | United States | |
| Munich Miniature$^{:151}$ | Germany | |
| Ohmini | Japan | bred from the 1940s from Chinese pigs and Minnesota Miniature$^{:193}$ |
| Yucatan Miniature$^{:238}$ | | |
| Yucatan Micropig$^{:238}$ | | |