OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Vanishing twin

A vanishing twin, also known as twin resorption, is a fetus in a multigestation pregnancy that dies in utero and is then partially or completely reabsorbed. In some instances, the dead twin is compressed into a flattened, parchment-like state known as fetus papyraceus.
Vanishing twins occur in up to one of every eight multifetus pregnancies and may not even be known in most cases. "High resorption rates, which cannot be explained on the basis of the expected abortion rate, suggest intense fetal competition for space, nutrition, or other factors during early gestation, with frequent loss or resorption of the other twin(s)." Vanishing twin syndrome has been characterized as the loss of a twin before 12 weeks of gestation, or early during the first trimester where it is uncommon for twin pregnancy to have been identified.
According to Boklage, most twin pregnancies are ultimately born as singles, and vanished twins are a possible source of abnormal cells. In one study, Boklage reported of 325 twin pregnancies, finding that only 61 ended as twins, a 125 ended as singletons. The remainder were lost. He has estimated that for every twin pair born, there are six singletons who survived a twin conception.
In pregnancies achieved by in vitro fertilization, "it frequently happens that more than one amniotic sac can be seen in early pregnancy, whereas a few weeks later there is only one to be seen and the other has 'vanished'".
# Christine Nielson Dreier

Christine Nielson Dreier (née Dorothea Christine Nielson; stage name, Christine Nielson; June 10, 1866 – May 15, 1926) was an American concert and oratorio singer, a contralto of wide range. She was soloist in Chicago's First Presbyterian Church for 18 years. Dreier also performed at the Exposition Universelle (Paris, 1889) and the World's Columbian Exposition (Chicago, 1893).

## Early life and education

Dorothea Christine Nielson born in Madison, Wisconsin, June 10, 1866. Of Norwegian parentage, the father was Andrew Nielson (1830–1897) and the mother was Cecilia (Baerntson) Nielson (1828–1894). Both parents were among the early Scandinavian immigrants to the U.S. and settled in Chicago in 1851, afterward removing to Madison. Dreier's siblings were: Carie (b. 1851), Nels (b. 1856), Bernhard (b. 1857), Andreas (b. 1860), Samuel (b. 1861), Bertha (b. 1863), Edward (b. 1869), and Lillie (b. 1873).
Dreier's first teacher, and the one to discover her capabilities, was Prof. T. A. Brand. She then studied with Mary J. De Moe (Mrs. Earl C. De Moe), herself a successful concert singer. Neilson began to sing in public at the age of thirteen, attracting, at an orphan's home concert in Madison, the attention of those whose foresight discovered future fame for the young vocalist. She chose Chicago for her more advanced studies, and became the pupil of Mrs. Sara Hershey-Eddy.

## Career

She accompanied Mr. and Mrs. Eddy to Europe in 1889, and after singing with great success in London, Paris, and Copenhagen, Dreier spent a year or more in London as a pupil of George Henschel. Dreier sang at the Trocadero at the Exposition Universelle (Paris, 1889). Later, she sang at the dedication of the pipe organ in the Auditorium. During the World's Columbian Exposition (Chicago, 1893), she sang in oratorios, notably Mendelssohn's Elijah, with Lillian Nordica. The comments of U.S. and foreign press were highly complimentary.
She was soloist in Chicago's First Presbyterian Church for 18 years. In later life, she sang for a time in the Evanston First Presbyterian church and in the New England church.
Dreier served as president of the Lake View Musical Society, Chicago.

## Personal life

Dreier retained her maiden name on the stage, although on June 4, 1891, she married Otto Albert Dreier (b. 1865). Since 1886, he served as the Danish Vice-Consul in Chicago, where they made their home.
Christine Nielson Dreier died at Augustana Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, May 15, 1926, after undergoing an operation a few days earlier.
# Ares Lusitani

Ares Lusitani (Latin for the Lusitanian Ares) was the God of horses and knights in Lusitanian mythology, in the cultural area of Gallaecia and Lusitania (in the territory of modern Galicia (Spain) and Portugal). This deity was probably a late Greek-Roman addition to the native pantheon.
# A Handful of Friends

A Handful of Friends is a 1976 play by Australian playwright, David Williamson.

## Background

The play was written for the South Australian Theatre Company and directed by associate director Rodney Fisher. It was Williamson's third play presented by the company and the second written especially for them.

## Synopsis

Set in Australia, Russell and his wife Wendy have recently returned from the US, to find that their director friend Mark has released a film in which his wife, Sally, plays a role. Mutual friends suspect that the film's characters are based on Russell (who is an alcoholic) and Wendy, and that they have been cruelly satirised. This ultimately triggers long-standing tensions and resentments, briefly culminating in violence, before reconciliation and the wisdom of hindsight occurs.
The play examines and exposes how easily an individual can take advantage of opportunism, in order to gain a sense of fulfilment through the character assassination of another.

## Characters

* Russell McAlister, a director who is an alcoholic
* Wendy McAlister, Russell's wife
* Jill McAlister, Russell's sister
* Mark Marshall, a filmmaker / director
* Sally Marshall, an actor / journalist and Mark's wife

## Productions
### World premiere

The play had its world premiere at The Playhouse in Adelaide on 20 May 1976 and ran until 12 June 1976. It starred Neil Fitzpatrick, John Gaden, Julie Hamilton, Sandra MacGregor and Lyndel Rowe and was directed by Rodney Fisher. The costume designer was Anna French and the set was designed by Shaun Gurton. The production was funded via a grant from Australia Council for the Arts.

### 1976–1977 productions

The production was staged immediately afterwards on 17 June 1976 at The Playhouse Theatre, in Perth with National Theatre Inc, starring Merrin Canning as Sally, Robert Faggetter as Russell, Mary Haire as Jill, Dennis Miller as Mark and Pippa Williamson as Wendy. From 31 August August to 30 October, the play was staged with the Melbourne Theatre Company at Russell Street Theatre. Julie Hamilton and Lyndel Rowe reprised their roles and were joined by Gerard Maguire, Tom Oliver and Kate Sheil. It then moved to Nimrod Theatre, in Sydney for Festival of Sydney 1977, from 12 November 1976 to 8 January 1977 and starred Peter Carroll as Russell McAlister, Judith Fisher as Wendy, Berys Marsh as Jill, Peter Sumner as Mark and Anna Volska as Sally. The play returned to The Playhouse, Perth in September of 1977.

### Later productions

It was staged three years later in Canberra and Adelaide, and then at La Boite Theatre, Brisbane in 1980. An overseas production was staged in China in 1983. It returned to Canberra in 1985. It later played at La Mama Theatre in Adelaide in 1992, followed by a production by National Institute of Dramatic Art (NIDA) in Sydney in 1993.

## Controversy

In a case of life imitating art, Williamson said in an interview with Quadrant magazine that he had based one of the characters on his wife, Kristin, and another on his then-friend Bob Ellis. Ellis complained about this in print, leading to a public argument between himself and Williamson, which became notorious.
# Chuck Martin

Chuck Martin may refer to:
* Chuck Martin (American football) (born 1968), American football coach
* Chuck Martin (basketball) (born 1969), American college basketball coach
* Chuck Martin (politician) (born 1961), American politician
* Chuck Martin (skier) (born 1967), American skier
# Shakman

Shakman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Elizabeth Shakman Hurd (born 1970), American professor of political science
* Matt Shakman, American director and child actor

## Other uses

* Shakman v. Democratic Organization of Cook County, a U.S. court case
** Shakman Decrees, a series of federal court orders about government employment in Chicago arising from the Shakman decision.
# Hodroyd Hall

Hodroyd Hall at South Hiendley in the parish of Felkirk near Barnsley in West Yorkshire, England is an Elizabethan manor house currently used as 3 dwellings. It is Grade II listed.
It is built with sandstone, has stone slate roofs, and originally had a rectangular floor plan. Additions have been made at the rear of the building. The building is two-and-a-half storeys, and the principal facade faces west.

## History

The Hoydroyd estate was acquired from Nostell Priory by the Gargrave family in the 16th century, and subsequently in the 17th century by Richard Berrie (by marriage), whose wife Prudence endowed the school at the Church of St Peter, Felkirk.
# Glencairn whisky glass

The Glencairn whisky glass is a style of glass intended for drinking whisky, developed and produced by Glencairn Crystal Ltd, in East Kilbride, a town near Glasgow, Scotland since 1981; originally designed by Raymond Davidson, managing director of the company. The shape of the glass is derived from the traditional nosing copitas used in whisky labs around Scotland. The glass design was concluded with the aid of master blenders from five of the largest whisky companies in Scotland. The glass first came into production in 2001. Since then, additional mini-Glencairns and Canadian Glencairns were introduced. The Glencairn glass is made in Poland.
The original Glencairn glass is approximately 115 mm (4+1⁄2 in) in height and has been available in three variations: 24% lead crystal, lead-free crystal, and soda-lime glass. The vast majority of glasses in circulation are of the lead-free crystal variety. The soda-lime variation was discontinued in 2008.
The capacity of a typical Glencairn whisky glass is approximately 175 ml (6 US fl oz), and it is intended to hold approximately 50 ml (1.7 US fl oz) of liquid.
In 2006 the glass won the Queen's Award for innovation.
The Glencairn glass is not the only glass on the market that is designed specifically for drinking whisky. (For example, Riedel and Norlan Glass also manufacture such glassware.) While there are numerous styles of such glasses available, the Glencairn is the first style to be endorsed by the Scotch Whisky Association, and to be used by every whisky company in Scotland and Ireland.
# Drøbak Sound

The Drøbak Sound (Norwegian: Drøbaksundet) is a sound at the Oslofjord narrows between Drøbak and Hurum. "Outer Oslofjord" is a term for the fjord south of the Drøbak Sound until it meets the Skagerrak. "Inner Oslofjord" is a term for the rest of the fjord, starting at the Drøbak Sound and extending northwards towards Oslo, where the fjord turns southwards and continues as the Bunne Fjord.
The Drøbak Sound was historically guarded by the Oscarsborg Fortress. During the German invasion of Norway on 9 April 1940, the German cruiser Blücher was sunk by the fortress. Oscarsborg Fortress has been converted into a museum and hotel, and there is a ferry to the fortress from Drøbak.
The subsea Oslofjord Tunnel at the Norwegian National Road 23 runs underneath the sound and connects the east and west sides of the fjord.
# Tim Wafler

Tim Wafler (born 28 January 2002) is an Austrian cyclist, who currently rides for UCI Continental team Tirol KTM Cycling Team. He won a silver medal in the scratch race at the 2024 UEC European Track Championships.

## Major results
### Track
#### 2019

    2nd Scratch, UEC European Junior Championships

#### 2022

    2nd Scratch, UEC European Under-23 Championships

#### 2023

    2nd Omnium, UEC European Under-23 Championships

#### 2024

    2nd Scratch, UEC European Championships

### Road
#### 2019

    4th Time trial, National Junior Championships

#### 2022

    10th Overall Orlen Nations Grand Prix
# Kowloon Peak

Kowloon Peak, also known as Fei Ngo Shan (literally: "Soaring Goose Mountain", Chinese: 飛鵝山), is a 1,975-foot-tall (602 m) mountain in the northeast corner of New Kowloon, Hong Kong, situated in Ma On Shan Country Park. With the summit located just to the east of the border between Wong Tai Sin and Sai Kung districts, it is the tallest mountain in Kowloon, and is crossed by both the Wilson Trail and the MacLehose Trail.
On the lower slopes of Tung Yeung Shan about 1.1 miles (1.8 kilometres) to the north is the Gilwell Campsite, belonging to The Scout Association.

## Geography

Kowloon Peak has a steep slope facing south towards northwestern Kowloon, while having a relatively smooth curve towards the east and west. The peak connects with Middle Hill (象山), known also as Cheung Shan, and Tung Shan (東山) in the north, forming a ridge of mountains. Despite being in an easily accessible location by car and walks, there are occasional sighting reports of Burmese pythons, East Asian porcupines, red muntjacs and wild boars.

## Geology

Kowloon Peak consists mainly of volcanic rocks (many of which are tuffs), and blocks of granite at the base of the mountain.

## Hiking and access

There are several paths from Jat's Incline and Fei Ngo Shan Road‌ [yue] that lead to the summit. One of Hong Kong's most treacherous and dangerous climbs is the rock climb from Clear Water Bay Road to Kowloon Peak's summit through Suicide Cliff.
Suicide Cliff is not necessarily a place where people commit suicide, but it is such named most likely because the climb is so treacherous, it is akin to committing suicide. The hike has also seen numerous injuries and fatalities. In one instance, two Chinese tourists ran into trouble on Kowloon Peak's Suicide Cliff and caused an extensive rescue operation involving 160 firefighters.
For casual hikers, choosing the easiest path to the summit through Fei Ngo Shan Road is recommendable.
# Kvívík

Kvívík (Danish: Kvivig) is a village and municipality on the west coast of Streymoy in the Faroe Islands.

## History

Kvívík is one of the oldest settlements in the Faroes and excavations have shown the remains of Viking houses. The oldest current house in Kvívík was built in the 18th century. There have been other churches, the present one was built in 1903. The village got a school in 1907. Pupils from the villages Kvívík, Stykkið, Leynar and Skælingur go there until 7th grade. When they start in the 8th grade they will attend the school in Vestmanna. The present school was founded on 22 August 1976. In 2010 a new building was built for multipurpose kindergarten, which was named Áarlon. It has rooms for children from the ages 0 to 8. There is a rowing club in Kvívík. It is called Kvívíkar Sóknar Róðrarfelag. One of their boats which is called Junkarin won the Faroese championship for 5-mannafør women in 2011. The same boat won the championship in the boys' category in 1975, 1976 and in 1998. In 2012 the boys under 15 who are rowing with Junkarin had already won the Faroese Championship after the fifth race on Fjarðastevna in Vestmanna.

## Geography

The village is on both sides of a narrow bay and the small river Stora.

## Noted natives and residents

* Joen Danielsen (1843–1926) poet
* J. P. Gregoriussen (1845–1901) poet

## Gallery

* Hand-coloured postcard of 1900
* Kvívík in 2006
* Old Settlement of Vikings
* Kvívík in July 2012
* Kvívík in 2012
* The kindergarten Áarlon
* The school of Kvívík
* A memorial in Kvívík
* Junkarin in 2011
* The church and the village
# Lacoma, Exmoor

Lacoma is a deserted medieval village on Exmoor in North Devon. It is a scheduled monument that sits within the boundaries of Exmoor National Park.

## Toponymy

The name Lacoma may be a shortening of "Lank Combe".

## Description

There is documentary evidence in the family papers of the Doones of Braemuir that Ensor, a troublesome son of James Stewart, Lord Doune, was in 1616 driven out of Scotland into exile on Exmoor, where he lived under the name of Doone until his death in 1684, producing four sons, who themselves had illegitimate issue. The doings of the family on Exmoor were "not peaceable", and they were recalled to Scotland in 1699.
The site is listed on Historic England's Heritage at Risk Register as "Badgworthy deserted medieval village, Doone's Houses".
According to the Domesday Book, a longhouse at the site is identified with farmer named Edwin who worked there in 1096.
# Laguna Niguel Lake

Laguna Niguel Lake, formerly known as Sulphur Creek Reservoir, is an artificial 44-acre (180,000 m$^2$) fishing and recreational lake in Laguna Niguel, California. It is created by the Sulphur Creek Dam, which was completed in 1966. It is located at 33°32′59″N 117°42′22″W﻿ / ﻿33.54972°N 117.70611°W﻿ / 33.54972; -117.70611 and is 190 feet (58 m) above sea level. It is fed from two sources, one of which is Sulphur Creek itself and the other, a storm drain. It is accessed from La Paz Road, which runs along its east shore. Surrounding the reservoir is the Laguna Niguel Regional Park. In addition, within the lake on the large island is a protected bird sanctuary.
There is a fee to access the park and lake which costs $3 on weekdays, $5 on weekends, and $7 on holidays.

## Recreational uses

Laguna Niguel Lake is used for fishing and has been stocked with catfish, bass, blue gill, and trout. In addition to fishing it is used by the Laguna Niguel Lightning youth baseball team for conditioning purposes.

## Fishing information

Laguna Niguel Lake is a very popular rainbow trout fishing location during the season (November–April). The lake became famous within the fishing community for stocking "wild raised" Utah "Hook-Jaws" exceeding sizes of 15 pounds (6.8 kg). As of November 2007 the lake stopped stocking these Utah trout and instead received their stockings from the Mt. Lassen fish hatchery. The lake has recently received new operators who are bringing back these famous Utah raised Rainbow Trout come November 2010. The limit for trout is 5 fish per stringer, and no trout may be released unless caught on barbless artificials or flies only. Additional fish may be kept with another fishing permit purchase. The current lake trout record is 15.5 pounds (7.0 kg) caught by Dan Ingouf.
The lake is owned by Orange County, and is leased out to Rick Mendoza – one of the original operators – and Darren Colbert who are in charge of the fishing and concession.
The concessionaire at Laguna Niguel lake closed in November 2015 and the County of Orange took over the maintenance and management of the lake. A California State fishing license is required for anyone 16 years of age or over and all Department of Fish and Wildlife rules apply. There is no fee to fish, but there is a vehicle entrance fee of $3 per entrance on weekdays and $5 per entrance on weekends. Rentals and bait are no longer available and no watercraft are permitted on the lake. Fishing is from the shoreline and in designated fishing areas only. The County will continue to stock the lake seasonally with fish and a schedule is posted on line at <ocparks.com>. Park operating hours are 7am-9pm during daylight saving time and 7am-6pm during standard time.
# Learning Disability Coalition

The Learning Disability Coalition (LDC) is a group of fourteen organisations which campaigns to secure better funding for social care for people with learning disabilities in England.
The Coalition was formed in May 2007. It believes that better funding from the UK Government is required to help people with learning disabilities to secure a full range of rights and opportunities. The LDC aims to provide a unified voice for people with learning disabilities to government and other key decision makers; to raise awareness of financial pressures on services, and achieve an evidence-based assessment of the long-term resource requirements for people with learning disabilities.
The organization shut down independent operations to become a "special interest group" within the Voluntary Organisations Disability Group in 2012.

## Members

* The Foundation for People with Learning Disabilities
* Mencap
* People First
* National Forum for People with Learning Difficulties
* Sense
* Turning Point
* Down's Syndrome Association
* United Response
* BILD (British Institute of Learning Disabilities)
* ARC Association for Real Change
* National Autistic Society
* Real Life Options
* National Family Carer Network
* Voyage
* The Hesley Group

## Protect the Frontline

In 2010 the LDC launched its 'Protect the Frontline' campaign which is calling on politicians to keep to their promises and protect frontline services for people with a learning disability. As part of the campaign, the LDC produced 'Stories from the Frontline', which included a series of diaries by people with a learning disability. These diaries helped to show the importance of frontline social care and the difference that it makes to their lives and the lives of their families. The LDC has been monitoring cuts to social care through its cutswatch feature, and since the announcement of the Comprehensive Spending Review, has been calling on local councillors to ensure that social care spending is protected at a local level.

## Management

The Coalition's Directors were Heather Honour in 2008 and later Anthea Sully and its Co-Chairs were Andrew Lee, Director of People First and Mark Goldring, Chief Executive of Mencap.
# Lee Wu-jong

Lee Wu-jong (Korean: 이우정; Hanja: 李愚貞; RR: I Ujeong; August 1, 1923 – May 30, 2002) was a South Korean politician and feminist, labor right activist, Christian feminism activist and anti-Hoju activist from 1950s to 1980s. She was the 14th member of the National Assembly. and the leader of South Korean radical feminists. Lee Wujong was the granddaughter of Lee Hae-jo, a famous writer.
# Adolf Meckel von Hemsbach

Adolf Meckel von Hemsbach (17 February 1856 – 24 May 1893) was a German landscape painter.

## Biography

He was born in Berlin, the son of a professor of pathological anatomy, Johann Heinrich Meckel von Hemsbach (1821-1856) and his wife Theophile von Denffer (1824-1902). After the early death of his father, he spent his childhood with the maternal grandparents in St. Petersburg, Russia. He attended high school in Stuttgart, where he had his first drawing lessons, and then studied painting at the Karlsruhe Academy of Fine Arts under Hans Fredrik Gude.
In the years 1880-1881 he visited a number of Arab countries with fellow artists Eugen Bracht and Carl Coven Schirm. Among other places, he visited St. Catherine's Monastery at the foot of Mount Sinai, which he recorded in oils. In addition to landscapes, he painted a number of oriental scenes. On his return he was initially based in Karlsruhe, but then moved back to Berlin in 1892.
Back in Berlin Meckel was represented regularly at the exhibitions of the Academy of Arts, Berlin and the Great Berlin Art Exhibitions, as well as in the Munich Glass Palace, Dresden, Stuttgart and Vienna. A list of over 100 of Meckel's works was catalogued by F. von Boetticher.
Meckel attended the Great Berlin Art Exhibition in 1893 with four paintings, but a fifth was rejected. He took his own life in Berlin later that same year.

## Selected works

* Tscheppasee im Engadin, 1876
* Oriental scene
* Landscape in Sinai
* View of the Mosque at Sidi Abderrahman, 1892
* British Gas Works on the River Spree, Berlin
# Leo Burke (baseball)

Leo Patrick Burke (May 6, 1934 – October 13, 2023) was an American utility player in Major League Baseball. The graduate of Virginia Tech played two full seasons and parts of five others in MLB as a rightfielder, second baseman and third baseman for the Baltimore Orioles, Los Angeles Angels, St. Louis Cardinals and Chicago Cubs (1958–59; 1961–65). He threw and batted right-handed, stood 5 feet 11 inches (1.80 m) and weighed 185 pounds (84 kg).
Burke was involved in a waiver deal between the Cardinals and Cubs on June 24, 1963, when he was sent to Chicago for relief pitcher Barney Schultz, who would play a major role in the Cardinals' 1964 pennant-winning season. Burke played 98 of his 165 MLB games in a Cub uniform.
During his Major League career, Burke batted .239 with 72 hits, nine home runs and 45 runs batted in.
Burke died in Riner, Virginia, on October 13, 2023, at the age of 89.