OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mariano Giaquinta

Mariano Giaquinta (born Caltagirone, 1947), is an Italian mathematician mainly known for his contributions to the fields of calculus of variations and regularity theory of partial differential equation. He is currently professor of Mathematics at the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa and he is the director of De Giorgi center at Pisa.

## Career

Giaquinta is well known for his basic work in elliptic regularity theory, and especially in the setting of vectorial variational problems. Together with Enrico Giusti he has obtained innovative results on the regularity of minima of variational integrals and related singular sets. The main novelty is in the fact that, for the first time, the regularity of minimizers is obtained using directly the minimality properties without appealing to Euler–Lagrange equation of the functionals, which in general is not supposed to exist in the cases considered. His work with Giuseppe Modica on the local higher integrability properties of solutions to elliptic systems has had an influence on the development of partial regularity theory. Many of these results are summarized in his 1983 book.
Giaquinta has been one of the founders, and for many years the managing editor, of the journal "Calculus of Variations and PDE".

## Awards

Giaquinta won the Bartolozzi Prize of the Italian Mathematical Union in 1979, in 1990 he was awarded with Humboldt research award and in 2006 with the Amerio Prize. He has been an invited speaker at the 1986 International congress of mathematicians. Giaquinta belongs to the ISI list of highly cited researchers in Mathematics and he is a member of the German Academy of Sciences.

## Selected publications

* Giaquinta, Mariano (1983), Multiple integrals in the calculus of variations and nonlinear elliptic systems, Annals of Mathematics Studies, vol. 105, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, pp. vii+297, ISBN 0-691-08330-4, MR 0717034, Zbl 0516.49003.
* Giaquinta, Mariano; Hildebrandt, Stefan (1996), Calculus of Variations I. The Lagrangian Formalism, Grundlehren der Mathematischen Wissenschaften, vol. 310 (1st ed.), Berlin: Springer–Verlag, pp. xxix+475, ISBN 3-540-50625-X, MR 1368401, Zbl 0853.49001.
* Giaquinta, Mariano; Hildebrandt, Stefan (1996), Calculus of Variations II. The Hamiltonian Formalism, Grundlehren der Mathematischen Wissenschaften, vol. 311 (1st ed.), Berlin: Springer–Verlag, pp. xxx+652, ISBN 3-540-57961-3, MR 1385926, Zbl 0853.49002.
* Giaquinta, Mariano; Modica, Giuseppe; Souček, Jiří (1998), Cartesian Currents in the Calculus of Variation I. Cartesian Currents, Ergebnisse der Mathematik und ihrer Grenzgebiete. 3. Folge. A Series of Modern Surveys in Mathematics, vol. 37, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer Verlag, pp. xxiv+711, ISBN 3-540-64009-6, MR 1645086, Zbl 0914.49001.
* Giaquinta, Mariano; Modica, Giuseppe; Souček, Jiří (1998), Cartesian Currents in the Calculus of Variation II. Variational integrals, Ergebnisse der Mathematik und ihrer Grenzgebiete. 3. Folge. A Series of Modern Surveys in Mathematics, vol. 38, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer Verlag, pp. xxiv+697, ISBN 3-540-64010-X, MR 1645082, Zbl 0914.49002.
# 1898 Paris–Amsterdam–Paris

The 1898 Paris–Amsterdam–Paris Race was a competitive 'city to city' motor race which ran over 7 days from 7–13 July 1898 and covered 1,431 km. It was won by Fernand Charron driving a Panhard et Levassor for 33 hours at an average speed of 43 km/h over unsurfaced roads.
The event was organised by the Automobile Club de France (ACF) and was sometimes retrospectively known as the III Grand Prix de l'A.C.F.

## Results

Paris-Amsterdam-Paris Race - 7–13 July 1898 - 1,431 km The Categorie Vitesse (Speed category) was sub-divided into classes 'A' - vehicles with 2-3 seats; 'B' - (vehicles with 4 seats and 'C' - General.

### Overall

The overall results for class A in the 'Categorie Vitesse' were:
| Pos | Driver | Car | Time | Notes |
| 1 | Fernand Charron | Panhard & Levassor | 33:04:34 | 43.26 km/h |
| 2 | Léonce Girardot | Panhard & Levassor | 33:25:18 | |
| 3 | "Gaudry" (Etienne Giraud) | Amédée Bollée | 34:08:58 | |
| 4 | Rene de Knyff | Panhard & Levassor | 34:58:50 | |
| 5 | René Loysel | Amédée Bollée | 35:19:09 | |
| 6 | Adam | Panhard & Levassor | 35:45:57 | |
| 7 | Auguste Doriot | Peugeot | 36:20:47 | |
| 8 | Émile Kraeutler | Peugeot | 38:26:55 | |
| 9 | Levegh (Alfred Velghe) | Mors | 38:41:02 | |
| 10 | Antony | Peugeot | 39:30:14 | |
| 11 | E. Chesnay | Mors | 43:58:40 | |
| 12 | Gilles Hourgières | Panhard & Levassor | 46:50:19 | |
| 13 | George Heath | Panhard & Levassor | 48:58:26 | |
| 14 | Parix | Panhard & Levassor | 52:30:58 | |
| 15 | Védrine | Georges Richard | 57:27:05 | |

### Stage Winners

The stage winners were:
| Stage | Itinerary | Length | Driver | Car | Time | Speed |
| 1 | Champigny-Chateau d'Ardenne | 294.90 | Fernand Charron | Panhard & Levassor | 6:56:07s | 42.52 km/h |
| 2 | Chateau d'Ardenne-Nijmegen | 251.35 | Gilles Hourgières | Panhard & Levassor | 6:00:23s | 41.84 km/h |
| 3 | Nijmegen-Amsterdam | 112.00 | Léonce Girardot | Panhard & Levassor | 2:20:40s | 47.77 km/h |
| 4 | Amsterdam-Liège | 269.55 | Fernand Charron | Panhard & Levassor | 5:30:43s | 48.90 km/h |
| 5 | Liège-Verdun | 259.90 | "Gaudry"(Etienne Giraud) | Amédée Bollée | 5:57:09s | 43.66 km/h |
| 6 | Verdun-Paris | 243.30 | Fernand Charron | Panhard & Levassor | 5:34:08s | 43.69 km/h |

### Did not finish

Entrants who did not finish :
| Did Not Finish Driver | Car | stages completed |
| Amédée Bollée | Amédée Bollée | 3 stages |
| Gustave Leys | Panhard & Levassor | 3 stages |
| Roscoff | Mors | 3 stages |
| Vinet | Amédée Bollée | 3 stages |
| Baron de Turkheim | Amédée Bollée | 2 stages |
| Breuil | Peugeot | 2 stages |
| A. Koechlin | Peugeot | 1 stage |
| Marcellin | De Dion-Bouton tricycle | 0 stages |
| Max Richard | Georges Richard | 0 stages |
| Georges Richard | Georges Richard | 0 stages |
# St Patrick's Church, Nuthall

St Patrick's Church, Nuthall is a Grade II* listed parish church in the Church of England in Nuthall.

## History

The church was first built in the 13th century but was heavily restored in 1838. It was re-roofed in 1858 and again in 1884, when James Fowler carried out other restoration work including the addition of a vestry and organ chamber.

## Organ

The organ is by Lewis. It was installed in 1871 but may have been a pre-existing house organ. A specification of the organ can be found on the National Pipe Organ Register.
# Ge with breve

Ge with breve (Г̆ г̆; italics: Г̆ г̆) is a letter of the Cyrillic script.

## Computing codes

Character information :
| Preview | Г | Г | г | г | ̆ | ̆ |
| Unicode name | CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER GHE | CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER GHE | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GHE | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GHE | COMBINING BREVE | COMBINING BREVE |
| Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
| Unicode | 1043 | U+0413 | 1075 | U+0433 | 774 | U+0306 |
| UTF-8 | 208 147 | D0 93 | 208 179 | D0 B3 | 204 134 | CC 86 |
| Numeric character reference | &#1043; | &#x413; | &#1075; | &#x433; | &#774; | &#x306; |
| Named character reference | &Gcy; | &Gcy; | &gcy; | &gcy; | | |
# Erik Albert Holmgren

Erik Albert Holmgren (7 July 1872 – 18 March 1943) was a Swedish mathematician known for contributions to partial differential equations. Holmgren's uniqueness theorem is named after him. Torsten Carleman was one of his students. His father was the mathematician Hjalmar Holmgren (1822 – 1885) and his siblings include the forester Anders Holmgren and the zoologist Nils Holmgren.
Holmgren enrolled at Uppsala University in the autumn of 1890 and received his Bachelor of Arts degree on January 31, 1893. He received his Licentiate of Philosophy degree on December 14, 1895 and defended his dissertation for graduation on February 19, 1898. Holmgren became a docent in mathematics on March 8, 1898 and received his Doctor of Philosophy degree on May 31, 1898, all at Uppsala University. He was an extraordinary professor of mathematics at Uppsala University from October 1, 1901 to January 1, 1902 and from October 15 to March 15, 1907.
At the age of thirty-five when Holmgren's was called to be a professor in Uppsala, he had already conducted research at the universities of Göttingen (1900-01), Paris (1902), and Rome (1905-06), which were the most important centers of mathematics at that time. He was appointed professor of mathematics at Uppsala University on March 15, 1907 and held the position until January 1, 1937. Holmgren was a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences from 1910 and a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Letters from 1924.
Holmgren's research primarily concerned differential equations, especially the theory of partial differential equations and associated problems in functional theory.
Holmgren also appreciated the purely aesthetic side of mathematics as seen in the problems he composed for mathematical seminar exercises. As a teacher, he devoted himself with equal zeal and clarity to both elementary teaching and teaching for licentiate or doctoral degrees. Although Holmgren exhibited a strong temper during mathematical seminars, several of his students carried on his work and won fame throughout the mathematical world.
Holmgren also had an interest in art history. He had an interest in French culture since his youth, and often traveled to France and Italy to combine his holidays with his research trips. During his early years as a professor, Holmgren participated in student discussions and political activities that led to the peasant armament support march and the departure of the second Staafian government some years before World War I. He never married.
# Franco Cesana

Franco Cesana (20 September 1931 – 14 September 1944) was an Italian Jew, born in the northern city of Bologna. He is said to have been youngest partisan to die in the Italian Resistance.
His father was Felice, and his mother was Ada Basevi. Franco had two brothers: Ermanno, born in 1918, and Lelio, born in 1920. The family moved to Roma, then to Bologna. In 1938 Mussolini's "racial laws" were introduced and Franco was expelled from public school, and had to go instead to a "Jewish school" jury-rigged in a local synagogue. He did not understand why he had to leave his friends just because he was Jewish. His father died in 1939 and he moved in with relatives.
Soon after Mussolini was overthrown, the Nazis invaded Italy, and Italian Jews had to go into hiding or be sent to the concentration camps. The Cesana family hid in the Apennine Mountains, next to Modena. Franco's family had to move from hut to hut in the mountains in order to evade the German soldiers. Franco, who was twelve at the time, joined one of the Justice and Liberty partisan group with his brother Lelio. Their group was brigata Scarabelli. Not much later, on 14 September 1944, he was shot by Germans on a scouting mission in the mountains, next to Gombola, and his body was returned to his mother on his thirteenth birthday. He received the Bronze Medal of Military Valor in memory.
# Robert Hall (New Brunswick politician)

Robert Arthur Hall (November 30, 1930 – June 7, 2016) was a Canadian politician. He served in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1982 to 1987, as a NDP member for the constituency of Tantramar. He was the first New Democrat to be elected to the legislature.
He had also served several terms on the village council of Port Elgin, New Brunswick, at one point having served as mayor of that community. Hall died in 2016 at the age of 85.
# A10 Networks

A10 Networks, Inc. is an American public company specializing in the manufacturing of application delivery controllers (software and hardware). Founded in 2004 by Lee Chen, co-founder of Foundry Networks, A10 originally serviced just the identity management market with its line of ID Series products. In early 2007, they added bandwidth management appliances (EX Series). The company had its initial public offering on March 21, 2014, raising $187.5 million.

## History

In mid-2007, A10 Networks launched its AX Series of application delivery controllers/load balancing appliances.
On May 21, 2013, A10 resolved its question of responsibility for intellectual property infringement and unfair competition practices by reaching a settlement with Brocade Communications Systems. Brocade had earlier been awarded $112 million in 2012.
In May 2013, A10 launched its A10 Thunder Series platforms of hardware and software application delivery controllers (ADCs).
A10 Networks released the Harmony design of the Thunder Series ADC in 2015.
Also in 2015, A10 Networks upgraded the Advanced Core Operating System (ACOS). The update allowed 100 percent of software capabilities to be addressed by APIs, whereas the previous ACOS could only address 40 percent through APIs.
In 2016, A10 acquired the cloud-native ADC company Appcito.
In 2021, according to the companies annual report, A10 Networks closed its India and China offices and reduce its headcount.$^{:58}$
# Lourdes Mount College of Engineering & Technology

Lourdes Mount College of Engineering & Technology (Tamil: லூர்துஸ் மவுண்ட் பொறியியல் மற்றும் தொழில்நுட்ப கல்லூரி) is a self-financing engineering college set up by the Chellammal Educational Trust in 2013 and located close to Marthandam near the border between Kerala and Tamil Nadu. The college is approved by All India Council of Technical Education (AICTE), New Delhi and affiliated to Anna University, Chennai.

## Affiliation

The college is affiliated to the Anna University, Chennai and is approved by the All India Council for Technical Education and Government of Tamil Nadu.

## Academic programs

Lourdes Mount College of Engineering & Technology offers following Under-Graduate Programs.
Under Graduate Degree Programs
* B.E. - Civil Engineering
* B.E. - Mechanical Engineering
* B.E. - Electrical & Electronics Engineering
* B.E. - Electronics & Communication Engineering
* B.E. - Computer Science & Engineering

### Location

It is located midway between Marthandam and Karungal in Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu. It is 50 km (31 mi) away from Trivandrum International Airport.

## Gallery

* Main Building Block, Campus

## About the Trust

Chellammal Educational Trust is headquartered in Chennai and has trustees owning companies and has business partnership with MNCs.
Trust Office No. 26, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Kodambakkam, Chennai – 600 024, Tamil Nadu
# Deorao Vithoba Bhongle

Deorao Vithoba Bhongle is an Indian politician from Maharashtra. He is a member of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly from 2024, representing Rajura Assembly constituency as a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party.
# Muhammad Bello Yakubu

Muhammad Bello Yakubu is a Nigerian politician. He served as a member representing Bunza/Birnin Kebbi/Kalgo Federal Constituency in the House of Representatives. Born in 1962, he hails from Kebbi State. He succeeded Abdulahi Faruk and was elected into the House of Assembly at the 2019 elections. He decamped the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) for the All Progressives Congress (APC) in 2022. He was defeated by Abba Bello Mohammed at the party primaries for the 2023 elections.
# Nikolai Toporkoff

Nikolai Toporkoff (1885–1965) was a Russian-born French cinematographer. Toporkoff fled his homeland following the 1917 Russian Revolution, moving to France where he shot around seventy films including the 1927 historical The Loves of Casanova.

## Selected filmography

* The House of Mystery (1923)
* Le Brasier ardent (1923)
* The Masked Woman (1924)
* Heart of an Actress (1924)
* Prince Charming (1925)
* The Loves of Casanova (1927)
* Secrets of the Orient (1928)
* The Model from Montparnasse (1929)
* The Adjutant of the Czar (1929)
* Troika (1930)
* The White Devil (1930)
* Nights of Princes (1930)
* The Mystery of the Yellow Room (1930)
* La Femme d'une nuit (1931)
* Suzanne (1932)
* Take Care of Amelie (1932)
* Sergeant X (1932)
* 600,000 Francs a Month (1933)
* Let's Touch Wood (1933)
* King of the Camargue (1935)
* The Mascot (1935)
* Rose (1936)
* In the Service of the Tsar (1936)
* The Red Dancer (1937)
* Ramuntcho (1938)
* Vidocq (1939)
* My Aunt the Dictator (1939)
* Camp Thirteen (1940)
* Those of the Sky (1941)
* The White Truck (1943)
* The Ménard Collection (1944)
* The Last Judgment (1945)
* Secret Documents (1945)
* The Eternal Husband (1946)
* Monsieur Grégoire Escapes (1946)
* Third at Heart (1947)
* The Crowned Fish Tavern (1947)
* Du Guesclin (1949)
* The White Squadron (1949)
* Chéri (1950)
* Agnes of Nothing (1950)
* Farewell Mister Grock (1950)
* My Seal and Them (1951)
* My Friend Oscar (1951)
* Alone in the World (1952)
* The Unfrocked One (1954)
* Leguignon the Healer (1954)
# Kay (song)

"Kay" is a song written by Hank Mills and recorded by American country music artist John Wesley Ryles. It was released in late 1968 by Columbia Records as Ryles' debut single. "Kay," recorded and released while Ryles was still a teenager, began a string of country music hits for him that would continue into the 1980s.

## Content

"Kay" is about a taxicab driver in Nashville, Tennessee. He sold everything he owned to bring the woman he has loved and been with for years from Houston to Nashville, where she is becoming a star and moving beyond needing him. It is a song full of feelings and sadness. The song describes some of the people that he carries. Among them are soldiers from Fort Campbell who tell him that they "hate that war in Vietnam". This line has been cited as an example of the anti-war movement's presence in country music in the late 1960s.

## Chart performance

Ryles' original version of "Kay" spent 17 weeks on the Hot Country Songs charts, peaking at number 9. It also reached number 83 on the Billboard Hot 100. Ryles re-recorded it for ABC Records in 1978, including this version on his album Shine on Me.

### Original version

| Chart (1968–69) | Peak position |
| U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles | 9 |
| U.S. Billboard Hot 100 | 83 |
| Canadian RPM Country Tracks | 6 |
| Canadian RPM Top Singles | 88 |

### Re-release

| Chart (1978) | Peak position |
| U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles | 50 |
| Canadian RPM Country Tracks | 55 |

## Other versions

Daryle Singletary covered the song as a duet with Ryles on his 2002 album That's Why I Sing This Way.
# Leptoglossus phyllopus

Leptoglossus phyllopus or eastern leaf-footed bug is a species of leaf-footed bugs in the same genus as the western conifer seed bug (L. occidentalis. The Eastern leaf-footed bug is found throughout the southern United States, from Florida to California, through Mexico, and as far south as Costa Rica.
These bugs are a common garden insect which may damage a wide variety of crops including cotton, peaches and tomatoes, and seeds such as beans, black-eyed peas and sorghum. Like other bugs L. phyllopus suck juices from plants by puncturing them with their sucking mouth parts, making them resistant to ingested pesticides. A toxin is injected into the plant when piercing its skin, causing discoloration and hard spots on fruits. The adult bugs are highly resistant to pesticides; however, they are vulnerable in their bright orange nymph stage. Trap crops can be used to lure them away from desired plants and to encourage predator populations, and in small garden plots handpicking, the use of trap crops, and bug traps baited with methyl (E, Z)-2,4-decadienoate can be effective controls.
Acetosyringone is produced by the male leaffooted bug and used in its communication system. Leptoglossus phyllopus emits a foul odor when it is handled
# Baked Alaska

Baked Alaska, also known as Bombe Alaska, omelette norvégienne, omelette surprise, or omelette sibérienne depending on the country, is a dessert consisting of ice cream and cake topped with browned meringue. The dish is made of ice cream placed in a pie dish, lined with slices of sponge cake or Christmas pudding, and topped with meringue. After having been placed in the freezer, the entire dessert is then placed in an extremely hot oven for a brief time, long enough to firm and caramelize the meringue but not long enough to begin melting the ice cream. Another common method of browning the meringue is to torch the dessert, sometimes even lighting it on fire for presentational purposes.

## Etymology

The name "baked Alaska" was supposedly coined in 1876 at Delmonico's, a restaurant in New York City, to honor the acquisition by the United States of Alaska from the Russian Empire in March 1867. However, the restaurant's original recipe was called "Alaska Florida" (suggesting extremes of cold and heat), not "Baked Alaska".
The dish is also known as an omelette à la norvégienne, or "Norwegian omelette", which similarly refers to the cold climate of Norway. During the Paris World's Fair in 1867, the chef of the Grand Hôtel decided to create a "scientific dessert" by using Benjamin Thompson's discovery of the low thermal conductivity of egg whites. Thompson lived in Bavaria at the time of his discovery, and as the chef thought Bavaria was in Norway, he decided to name the dish "Norwegian omelette".

## Variations

In 1969, the recently invented microwave oven enabled the Hungarian gastrophysicist Nicholas Kurti to produce a reverse baked Alaska (also called a "Frozen Florida")—a frozen shell of meringue filled with hot liquor.
A variation called Bombe Alaska calls for some dark rum to be splashed over the baked Alaska. The whole dessert is flambéed while being served.
Flame on the iceberg is a popular dessert in Hong Kong that is similar to baked Alaska. The dessert is an ice cream ball in the middle of a sponge cake, with cream on the top. Whisky and syrup are poured over the top and the ball set alight before serving. Decades ago, the delicacy was served only in high-end hotels, but today it is commonly served in many Western restaurants and even in some cha chaan teng.
* A bombe Alaska which has been flambéed with alcohol at a restaurant in Singapore
* Flame on the iceberg from Hong Kong, made with ice cream, sponge cake, cream, syrup, and whisky
* Toasted meringue of a baked Alaska at a restaurant in Winston-Salem, North Carolina
* A cherry baked Alaska