OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cabinet of Ewa Kopacz

Cabinet of Ewa Kopacz was the government of Poland from 22 September 2014 to 16 November 2015. It was appointed by President Bronisław Komorowski on 22 September 2014, and passed a vote of confidence in Sejm on 1 October 2014. Led by Ewa Kopacz, it is a centre-right coalition of two parties: liberal conservative Civic Platform (PO) and the agrarian Polish People's Party (PSL). Ewa Kopacz succeeded Donald Tusk, who was nominated as President of the European Council.

## Cabinet

| Office | Name | Party | from | to |
| Prime Minister | Ewa Kopacz | Civic Platform | 22 September 2014 | 16 November 2015 |
| Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of Economy | Janusz Piechociński | Polish People's Party | 22 September 2014 | 16 November 2015 |
| Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of National Defence | Tomasz Siemoniak | Civic Platform | 22 September 2014 | 16 November 2015 |
| Minister of Administration and Digitization | Andrzej Halicki | Civic Platform | 22 September 2014 | 16 November 2015 |
| Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development | Marek Sawicki | Polish People's Party | 22 September 2014 | 16 November 2015 |
| Minister of Culture and National Heritage | Małgorzata Omilanowska | Independent | 22 September 2014 | 16 November 2015 |
| Minister of Environment | Maciej Grabowski | Independent | 22 September 2014 | 16 November 2015 |
| Minister of Finance | Mateusz Szczurek | Independent | 22 September 2014 | 16 November 2015 |
| Minister of Foreign Affairs | Grzegorz Schetyna | Civic Platform | 22 September 2014 | 16 November 2015 |
| Minister of Health | Bartosz Arłukowicz | Civic Platform | 22 September 2014 | 16 June 2015 |
| Minister of Health | Marian Zembala | Independent | 16 June 2015 | 16 November 2015 |
| Minister of Infrastructure and Development | Maria Wasiak | Independent | 22 September 2014 | 16 November 2015 |
| Minister of Interior | Teresa Piotrowska | Civic Platform | 22 September 2014 | 16 November 2015 |
| Minister of Justice | Cezary Grabarczyk | Civic Platform | 22 September 2014 | 4 May 2015 |
| Minister of Justice | Borys Budka | Civic Platform | 4 May 2015 | 16 November 2015 |
| Minister of Labour and Social Policy | Władysław Kosiniak-Kamysz | Polish People's Party | 22 September 2014 | 16 November 2015 |
| Minister of National Education | Joanna Kluzik-Rostkowska | Civic Platform | 22 September 2014 | 16 November 2015 |
| Minister of Science and Higher Education | Lena Kolarska-Bobińska | Civic Platform | 22 September 2014 | 16 November 2015 |
| Minister of Sport and Tourism | Andrzej Biernat | Civic Platform | 22 September 2014 | 16 June 2015 |
| Minister of Sport and Tourism | Adam Korol | Independent | 16 June 2015 | 16 November 2015 |
| Minister of State Treasury | Włodzimierz Karpiński | Civic Platform | 22 September 2014 | 16 June 2015 |
| Minister of State Treasury | Andrzej Czerwiński | Civic Platform | 16 June 2015 | 16 November 2015 |
| Chief of the Chancellery | Jacek Cichocki | Independent | 22 September 2014 | 16 November 2015 |
# St. Mathias Cemetery, Wrought-Iron Cross Site

The St. Mathias Cemetery, Wrought-Iron Cross Site is a historic site near Orrin, North Dakota, United States, that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989. It is a site of wrought-iron crosses and includes work by blacksmith Joseph P. Klein and by blacksmith John Krim. The NRHP listing included 42 contributing objects.
Joseph P. Klein and John Krim were both of Pierce County. They were among a number of "German-Russian blacksmiths in central North Dakota" who developed individual styles in their crosses and whose "work was known for miles around them."$^{:13}$
# Willy Arend

Willy Arend (2 May 1876 – 25 March 1964) was a German track cyclist.
Next to cycling Arend had a cigarette business in Berlin.

## Major results
### 1896

    1st National Sprint Championships

### 1897

    1st World Sprint Championships
    1st European Sprint Championships
    1st National Sprint Championships

### 1900

    3rd World Sprint Championships

### 1901

    1st European Sprint Championships

### 1903

    2nd World Sprint Championships
    2nd European Sprint Championships

### 1904

    2nd European Sprint Championships

### 1910

    1st Six Days of Bremen (with Eugen Stabe)
    1st Six Days of Kiel (with Eugen Stabe)

### 1921

    1st National Sprint Championships
# Euphorbia obesa

Euphorbia obesa is a subtropical succulent species of flowering plant in the genus Euphorbia. It comes from the south-central Cape Provinces of South Africa. It is sometimes referred to as the baseball plant.
In the wild it is endangered because of over-collection and poaching, combined with its slow growth, and the fact that the pod contains only 2 to 3 seeds. However, it is widely cultivated in botanical gardens.

## Description

Euphorbia obesa resembles a ball, thornless and decorative. It is commonly known as 'baseball plant' due to its shape. Its diameter is between 6 cm and 15 cm depending on its age. Young plants are spherical, but they contain water reservoirs for periods of drought.
It almost always shows 8 ridges adorned with small deep gibbosity regularly planted on the edges. It is green with horizontal lighter or darker stripes. In the wild, and with exposure to direct sunlight, it shows red and purple areas.
The plant is dioecious, which means that a subject has only male or female flowers. The small flowers are insignificant in apex. In fact, like all Euphorbia, flowers are called cyathia.
As in all Euphorbia species, the latex is toxic.
Living in similar conditions on two different continents, Euphorbia obesa presents a form of convergence with Astrophytum asterias which is a cactus from Mexico.

## Cultivation

In cultivation in the UK, Euphorbia obesa has won the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
* Male flowers
* Female flowers
* Close-up of ridge
# Capture of Amboina

The Capture of Amboina was the capture of the Portuguese fort Nossa Senhora de Anunciada in Amboina by the Dutch East India Company, under admiral Steven van der Hagen. The Portuguese governor of Ambon Gaspar de Melo surrendered the fort on 22 February 1605 to the Dutch forces, the fort was renamed to fort Victoria, and Ambon was placed under Dutch Control. The capture was one of the last major defeat of the Portuguese in the Moluccas.

## The capture

The Portuguese presence in the Moluccas has already deteriorated since the loss of Ternate in 1575, they had to face serious threats from both the new emerging regional power from the Sultanate of Ternate, and the Dutch East India Company (VOC) that had been established in 1602. In the earlier years, the VOC had no controlled territories other than Amboina which they captured in 1605.
In 1603, the Dutch East India Company admiral, Steven van der Hagen launched his second voyage to the Indies, van der Hagen's fleet consisting of 12 fleets left Holland in December 1603, visited several ports of the Malabar coast and Ceylon, stopped at Aceh and Bantam before arriving in Amboina in 1605. In February 1605, van der Hagen allied with the raja of Hitu in an improvised attack and capture of Amboina, when 14 Dutch sail appeared before Amboina on 22 February 1605, the last Portuguese commander of Amboina, Gaspar de Mello quickly surrendered the castle of Nossa Senhora de Anunciada with everything they had there under a treaty, leaving Amboina under Dutch control, and after capturing the Portuguese fort in Amboina, van der Hagen's fleet was divided. The capture of Amboina and Tidore was described in a 1645 journal titled Begin ende voortgangh van de Vereenighde Nederlantsche Geoctroyeerde Oost-Indische Compagnie by a Dutch historian, Isaac Commelin.
Ambon became the headquarters of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) from 1610 to 1619 until the founding of Batavia, now Jakarta, by the Dutch.
# C. Ben Ross

Charles Benjamin Ross (December 27, 1876 – March 31, 1946) was an American politician who served as the first Idaho-born governor from 1931 to 1937.

## Early life and education

One of eight children, Ross was born in the Idaho Territory in 1876 near Parma to cattleman John M. Ross and his wife Jeanette. He left school after sixth grade, but at age eighteen, he decided to continue his education and graduated from Portland Commercial College. In 1897, he returned to the family ranch and co-managed it with his brother, W. H. Ross.

## Career

Ross began his political career in Canyon County, serving as county commissioner from 1915 to 1921. He moved east to Bannock County and served as mayor of Pocatello from 1922 to 1930, and won the Democratic gubernatorial nomination in 1928. Although Ross nearly tripled the Democratic vote total of his predecessor Asher Wilson, thanks to the recent demise of the Idaho Progressive Party, he was defeated by the Republican incumbent H. C. Baldridge.
Ross won the nomination again in 1930, winning the open seat against Republican John McMurray. His wife, Edna, was a natural politician and a great asset to Ross. She was often referred to as "Governor Edna" while he held that office. He was reelected in 1932 and 1934, becoming the first in Idaho to win three elections for governor. During his tenure, Ross was viewed as the chief proponent of Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal policies in Idaho. Even so, his own beliefs more closely mirrored the agrarian populism of earlier Democrats such as William Jennings Bryan.
The first sales tax in Idaho was enacted in 1935 with Ross' support. A famous line used against Ross by sales tax opponents was "A Penny for Benny." A driver's license law was instituted and legislation was initiated which would make liquor sales regulated through state distributors. Instead of pursuing a fourth term, Ross ran for U.S. Senate in 1936 but was defeated its dean, Republican William Borah. Opponents also used the following poem against him: "Benny got our penny/Benny got our goat/We'll get our Benny/When we go to vote." The sales tax was repealed after a statewide referendum in 1936, but later returned in 1965.
Ross ran for governor a fifth time in 1938, defeating incumbent Barzilla Clark in the primary, but lost to state Republican Party chairman C. A. Bottolfsen in the general election. After the loss, "Cowboy Ben" retired from public life. He is referred to as "Founding Father" of the Idaho Farm Bureau Federation and was looked to as a champion of the Idaho Democratic Party.

## Personal life

Ross married Edna Reavis on February 14, 1900, and together they raised four foster children.
In declining health during his last year, Ross died in a Boise hospital in 1946 at age 69, and is interred at Parma Cemetery in Parma.
# Joice M. Hall

Joice M. Hall RCA (born 1943) is a Canadian artist from Alberta, now based in British Columbia. She is known primarily as a landscape painter of large panoramas.

## Life

Hanak was born in Edmonton, Alberta. She married John Hall in 1964 and earned a diploma from the Alberta College of Art (now the Alberta University of the Arts) in Calgary in 1965. At the school, she was taught painting techniques by Illingworth Kerr and appreciated that through him, she learned of the Group of Seven.
Hall lived in Calgary for almost 40 years. She and her husband, artist John Hall, also owned a home in San Miguel de Allende in central Mexico, where they spent half of the year during the 1990s. In 1999, they moved to West Kelowna, in the Okanagan region of British Columbia.

## Career

Hall has earned recognition for her landscape paintings, often using a panoramic format. A 2001 review in the Calgary Herald wrote that Hall's work appears to explore "the representation of male and female in nature and culture".
Hall's work has been featured in group exhibitions since 1969 in such galleries as the Mendel Art Gallery in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan (1976); the Agnes Etherington Art Centre in Kingston, Ontario (1977); and the Whyte Museum in Banff, Alberta (1979). Hall's first solo exhibition was held at the Off Centre Centre in Calgary in 1981. The exhibit featured paintings of male nudes.
In 2000, Hall was elected to membership in the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts. In 2010, Patricia Ainsley curated for the Kelowna Art Gallery in British Columbia a 40-year retrospective exhibition of her work, titled Surreal, Real, Ideal: The Art of Joice M. Hall.
Hall was in Gwaii Haanas for the Artists in Gwaii Haanas Residency Program in 2016, a two week residency held in Gwaii Haanas by the Haida Gwaii Museum and Parks Canada. In 2017 there was an exhibition titled, Artists in Gwaii Haanas, at the Haida Gwaii Museum of the work created by the 3 artists in the 2016 residency. In 2018 she had an exhibition at the Kelowna Art Gallery of her large painting installation inspired by that residency. The exhibition was titled GWAII HAANAS:Islands and Sacred Sites.
In 2024, Wallace Galleries in Calgary held a show of 15 of her paintings titled Joice M. Hall - Nocturnal Light.

## Selected public commissions

* 1978: Alberta Panorama, Government of Canada Building;
* 1982: Floral Landscape #3, Foothills Hospital, Calgary;

## Selected public collections

* Alberta Art Foundation, Edmonton;
* Canada Council Art Bank;
* Glenbow Museum, Calgary;
* Illingworth Kerr Gallery, Alberta College of Art and Design, Calgary;
* Remai Modern, Saskatoon;
* University of Calgary;
* University of Lethbridge;
# Jamal Uddin Ahmed

Jamal Uddin Ahmed may refer to:
* Jamal Uddin Ahmed (air officer) (born 1943)
* Jamal Uddin Ahmed (politician) (1954–2021), Indian politician
* Jamal Uddin Ahmed (artist) (born 1955), Bangladeshi artist
# Catriona Rowntree

Catriona Rowntree (born 19 July 1971) is an Australian television presenter.
Rowntree is a long standing presenter on the Nine Network's Getaway program.

## Career

Rowntree studied journalism at Macleay College in Sydney, after working as a researcher with Business Review Weekly, 2GB and Prime Television. In 1991, she moved to FM radio as a newsreader and music and lifestyle program host, first in community radio and then with the ABC youth station Triple J, for which she presented until 1996.
In 1992, Rowntree was hired as a researcher for the Nine Network children's series Wonder World!, graduating to the position of reporter the following year, and host in 1994. In that same year, whilst still working at Triple J, she also became the host of a Nine Network children's show called What's Up Doc?. Rowntree went on to become the show's writer/producer.
In 1996, Rowntree became a reporter on Getaway, a popular Nine Network travel series. While retaining this position, she has also made appearances on other Nine programs. She also appeared on Nine's Sydney New Year's Eve telecast alongside Richard Wilkins. In 2006 she wrote a travel book, Catriona's Australia: My Favourite Aussie Locations, published by HarperCollins. In 2009 and 2010, Catriona Rowntree was appointed MC at the Pas de Deux in Paradise production by The Australian Ballet at Qualia on Hamilton Island.

## Personal life

In 2007, Rowntree became engaged to farmer James Pettit, and the couple married on Saturday 5 April 2008 in the chapel of the latter's old school, Geelong Grammar School.
After announcing she was pregnant on 24 February 2009, Catriona gave birth to her first child, son Andrew John Rowntree Pettit, on 5 August 2009.
In September 2010, Rowntree announced that she was again pregnant. Her second son, Charles Stephen Rowntree Pettit, was born on 11 March 2011.
# Derek Stokes

Derek Stokes (13 September 1939 – 24 May 2022) was an English professional footballer who played for Bradford City and Huddersfield Town during the 1950s and 1960s, as a striker.

## Early life

Born in Snydale near Normanton, Stokes was the youngest of 11 children, 10 boys and 1 girl.

## Career

Stokes began his career with Bolton Wanderers and Snydale Road Athletic, before moving from Snydale to Bradford City in May 1956. He had two spells with the club which saw him score 55 goals in 126 league games. He scored in 8 consecutive matches between 26 December 1959 and 6 February 1960, scoring a total of 14 goals; the record was later matched by Nahki Wells.
His time at Bradford City was split by a spell with Huddersfield Town. In total, he scored 120 goals in 279 Football League appearances for the two clubs. He scored on both of his debuts for Bradford City and on his debut for Huddersfield.
He later played in Ireland with Dundalk, scoring 58 goals in 122 goals in all competitions for the club, before finishing his career with Drogheda United.
He also played for England under-23s.

## Later life and death

After retiring in 1970, Stokes worked as a golf steward and publican. Following his retirement, Stokes moved down to Charmouth in Dorset in 2004 before returning to Bradford in 2016. Stokes was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease in 2018 and died from complications from the disease on the evening of 24 May 2022 at the age of 82.
His funeral was held on 14 July and was attended by friends, family and former teammates.
# Gulfam Khan

Gulfam Khan is an Indian television and film actress who works in Indian television and Bollywood Hindi cinema. She is known for playing the role of Nazneen in Aladdin - Naam Toh Suna Hoga from 2018 to 2020.

## Early life

Gulfam is known in the industry as a Tech Junkie, and she is also fond of painting.

## Career

Khan made her acting debut in 2003, as Guddi, in the TV Series Lipstick. She has worked under well-known banners of the Mumbai Film Industry and with several producers and directors, for several television serials and movies (Ref the following section "Filmography"). She has recently been cast in Amir-Khan Starrer movie Talaash. In addition to her on-screen contribution, Gulfam Khan started writing screenplays in 2007. Gulfam has co-written some movie screenplays including Hisss with Jennifer Lynch. Gulfam has also written Comedy Circus Season-1 for Sony Entertainment Television (India). Gulfam has just completed working in Nagesh Kukunoors next movie Laxmi by National Award-winning director Nagesh Kukunoor, which has recently been sent for nominations to various film festivals.
Gulfam is currently looking to diversify her casting profile. After playing brothel owner Rasili Bai in Ghar Ki Lakshmi... Betiyann, a madame in the movie Talaash and a slum queen — a boss of all bad deeds — in Mann Mein Hai Vishwas, she has turned down two films and one soap, Bani — Ishq Da Kalma, which required her to repeat the role. She has received several appreciations from the industry for her various contributions to television and cinema.

## Filmography
### Television

| Year | Title | Role |
| 2023–present | Dhruv Tara – Samay Sadi Se Pare | Lalita Sanjay Saxena |
| 2022 | Brij Ke Gopal | Sujatha |
| 2021 | Ziddi Dil Maane Na | Mrs Batra |
| 2018-2021 | Aladdin - Naam Toh Suna Hoga | Nazneen Chachi |
| 2017-2018 | Laado 2 | Rajjo Choudhary |
| 2016-2017 | Khwaabon Ki Zamin Par | Sarla Kashyap |
| 2016-2017 | Naamkarann | Nanno/Fatima |
| 2016 | Ishq Ka Rang Safed | Mrs Avasthi |
| 2015 | Bhagyalaxmi | Kaveri |
| 2013 | Madhubala - Ek Ishq Ek Junoon | Sanchita Ghosh |
| 2013 | Bh Se Bhade | Lata |
| 2012 | Mrs. Kaushik Ki Paanch Bahuein | Kiran Bhalla |
| 2012 | R. K. Laxman Ki Duniya | Rajni Amma |
| 2012 | Diya Aur Baati Hum | Uma |
| 2008 | Aathvaan Vachan | Billo Maasi |
| | Chi and Me | Mrs. Khanna |
| 2011 | Bhagyavidhata | Surekha |
| 2011 | Hi! Padosi... Kaun Hai Doshi? | Tabassum Pasha |
| 2009 | Do Hanson Ka Jodaa | Ammaji |
| 2008 | Twinkle Beauty Parlour | Ram Dulari |
| | JBC with Javed Jaffery | Various |
| | Sindoor | Firdaus |
| 2005-2008 | Ghar Ki Lakshmi Betiyann | Rasili Bai |
| 2005 | Remix | Sonal Maasi |
| 2005 | India Calling | Sunita Godbole |
| 2002 | Lipstick | Guddi |

### Films

| Year | Title | Role |
| 2000 | Astitva | Asma Parveen |
| 2004 | Ek Hasina Thi | The Prisoner |
| 2004 | Gayab | The Nag |
| 2011 | Mod | Nurse Kutty |
| 2012 | Talaash | Madam |
| 2012 | Kyaa Super Kool Hain Hum | Socialite |
| 2014 | Laxmi | Radha |
| 2016 | The Legend of Michael Mishra | Chachi |
| 2016 | Dhanak | Chachi |
# 1629–1631 Italian plague

The Italian plague of 1629–1631, also referred to as the Great Plague of Milan, was part of the second plague pandemic that began with the Black Death in 1348 and ended in the 18th century. One of two major outbreaks in Italy during the 17th century, it affected northern and central Italy and resulted in at least 280,000 deaths, with some estimating fatalities as high as one million, or about 35% of the population. The plague may have contributed to the decline of Italy's economy relative to those of other Western European countries.

## Outbreaks

Thought to have originated in Northern France in 1623, the plague was carried throughout Europe as a result of troop movements associated with the Thirty Years' War and was allegedly brought to Lombardy in 1629 by soldiers involved in the War of the Mantuan Succession. The disease first spread to Venetian troops and in October 1629 reached Milan, Lombardy's major commercial centre. Although the city instituted a quarantine and limited access to external visitors and trade goods, it failed to eliminate the disease. A major outbreak in March 1630 resulted from relaxed health measures during the carnival season, followed by a second wave in the spring and summer of 1631. Overall, Milan suffered approximately 60,000 fatalities out of a total population of 130,000.
East of Lombardy, the Republic of Venice was infected in 1630–31. The city of Venice was severely hit, with recorded casualties of 46,000 out of a population of 140,000. Some historians believe that the drastic loss of life, and its impact on commerce, ultimately resulted in the downfall of Venice as a major commercial and political power.
Population before the plague and death toll, selected cities:
| City | Population in 1630 | Death estimates by 1631 | Percentage of population lost |
| Verona | 54,000 | 33,000 | 61% |
| Parma | 30,000 | 15,000 | 50% |
| Milan | 130,000 | 60,000 | 46% |
| Venice | 140,000 | 46,000 | 33% |
| Bologna | 62,000 | 15,000 | 24% |
| Florence | 76,000 | 9,000 | 12% |
A 2019 study argues the plague of 1629–1631 led to lower growth in several cities affected by the plague and "caused long-lasting damage to the size of Italian urban populations and to urbanization rates. These findings support the hypothesis that seventeenth-century plagues played a fundamental role in triggering the process of relative decline of the Italian economies."
# Herman Morgan

Herman David Morgan (13 June 1902 — 19 January 1969) was a New Zealand international rugby union player.
Morgan was born in Milton, near Dunedin, and educated at Southland Boys High School.
Active during the 1920s, Morgan was a speedy wing three-quarter, attached to Dunedin club Pirates. He made only intermittent provincial appearances for Otago and in 1923 represented the national team against New South Wales at Athletic Park, with his try contributing to an All Blacks win.
Morgan also competed in athletics and was the 1926 New Zealand 440 yards hurdles national champion.
# Philippe Dubourg

Philippe Dubourg (French pronunciation:; 9 July 1938 – 11 April 2021) was a French politician. He served as Mayor of Illats from 1977 to 2021 and represented Gironde's 9th constituency in the National Assembly from 1993 to 1997 and again from 2002 to 2007.