OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 2-Chloroamphetamine

2-Chloroamphetamine (2-CA), also known as ortho-chloroamphetamine (OCA), is a monoamine releasing agent (MRA) of the amphetamine family related to 2-fluoroamphetamine (2-FA).

## Pharmacology
### Pharmacodynamics

It has been found to induce the release of norepinephrine and dopamine in rat brain synaptosomes with EC$_{50}$Tooltip half-maximal effective concentration values of 19.1 and 62.4 nM, respectively, whereas serotonin was not reported. It has been found to also induce the release of serotonin in mouse brain slices to some degree, whereas it did not induce the release of serotonin in the brain in rats in vivo.
In contrast to amphetamine and para-chloroamphetamine (PCA; 4-chloroamphetamine), 2-CA does not appear to produce hyperlocomotion in mice, and instead has been found to decrease locomotor activity. However, it did potentiate the effects of levodopa similarly to amphetamine and PCA. On the other hand, like amphetamine but in contrast to PCA and 4-methylamphetamine (4-MA), 2-CA did not potentiate the effects of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP). Unlike PCA, 2-CA did not produce the head-twitch response, a behavioral proxy of psychedelic-like effects, in mice.
In contrast to PCA, but similarly to amphetamine, 2-CA does not appear to produce serotonergic neurotoxicity in rats or guinea pigs. While this could be attributed to rapid metabolism in the case of 3-chloroamphetamine (3-CA), 2-CA continued to lack serotonergic neurotoxicity even when its metabolism was inhibited by desipramine.
# Chris Curtis (politician)

Chris Curtis is a British Labour Party politician serving as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Milton Keynes North since 2024.

## Early life

Curtis is from Milton Keynes. He graduated from the University of Exeter in 2015 with a Bachelor of Arts (BA) in Politics.

## Career

Curtis is a pollster by profession and worked as a Political Research Manager for YouGov. He was a political researcher for them in 2017. He was also Head of Political Polling at Opinium Research.
In 2022, he alleged his former employer had stopped him from publishing the findings of a survey following a TV debate during the 2017 election campaign. He clarified his position after YouGov founder Nadhim Zahawi was forced to deny he had wielded any influence. Prior to being elected to Parliament, Curtis worked for think tank Labour Together.
In November 2024, Curtis voted in favour of the Terminally Ill Adults (End of Life) Bill, which proposes to legalise assisted suicide.
# Mrityunjoy Murmu

Mrityunjoy Murmu is an Indian politician from All India Trinamool Congress. In May 2021, he was elected as the member of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly from Raipur, Bankura (Vidhan Sabha constituency).

## Personal life

Murmu is from Raipur, Bankura district, West Bengal. His father's name is Junilal Murmu. He passed H.S. from Napara High School in 1994.

## Political life

He has been elected as the member of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly from Raipur, Bankura (Vidhan Sabha constituency). He has won the election.
# Love Somebody (Rick Springfield song)

"Love Somebody" is a song by Rick Springfield. It was released in 1984 as the first single from his soundtrack album Hard to Hold.
Cash Box said that the song demonstrates Springfield's improvement as a songwriter since he began his pop music career.
The song was a Top 5 hit on the Billboard Hot 100.

## Chart performance
### Weekly charts

| Chart (1984) | Peak position |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 5 |
| US Mainstream Rock (Billboard) | 13 |
| Canada Top Singles (RPM) | 13 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 95 |
| Germany (GfK) | 23 |
| Australia (KMR) | 83 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (1984) | Position |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 62 |
# Route 2 (Paraguay)

National Route Number 2 (officially, PY02, better known as Ruta Dos) is one of the most important highways in Paraguay, which connects the two major cities in the country, Asunción and Ciudad del Este. Crossing the departments of Central, Cordillera, Caaguazu and Alto Paraná.
In July 2023, the first duplicated highway in Paraguay was being created on the stretch of PY-02 closest to Asunción, and there were already 122 kilometres (76 mi) duplicated. The highway is the most important in the country, as it connects the capital Asunción with the second largest city (Cuidad del Este), with Brazil (the country's largest trading partner) and finally with the Port of Paranaguá.

## Distances and important cities

The following table shows the distances traversed by National Route 2 in each different department, and important cities that it passes by (or near).
| Km | City | Department | Junctions/Tolls |
| 0 | Asunción | Asunción | |
| 6 | Fernando de la Mora | Central | |
| 10 | San Lorenzo | Central | PY01 |
| 19 | Capiatá | Central | |
| 29 | Itauguá | Central | |
| 36 | Ypacaraí | Central | |
| 52 | Caacupé | Cordillera | |
| 71 | Eusebio Ayala | Cordillera | |
| 86 | Itacurubí de la Cordillera | Cordillera | |
| 101 | San José de los Arroyos | Caaguazu | |
| 123 | Nueva Londres | Caaguazu | |
| 132 | Coronel Oviedo | Caaguazu | PY08 |
| 179 | Caaguazú | Caaguazú | PY13 |
| 204 | Doctor Juan Manuel Frutos | Caaguazú | |
| 216 | Doctor J. Eulogio Estigarribia | Caaguazú | |
| 244 | José Domingo Ocampos | Caaguazú | |
| 250 | Juan Emilio O'Leary | Alto Paraná | |
| 262 | Doctor Juan León Mallorquín | Alto Paraná | |
| 288 | Yguazú | Alto Paraná | |
| 312 | Minga Guazú | Alto Paraná | PY06/ |
| 327 | Ciudad del Este | Alto Paraná | PY07 |
# Bertus Aafjes

Lambertus Jacobus Johannes "Bertus" Aafjes (May 12, 1914 – April 23, 1993) was a Dutch poet noteworthy for his poems about resistance to German occupation during World War II.
Aafjes was born in Amsterdam, married and was the father of 3 daughters and 1 son. He died in Venlo.
Aafjes wrote a five-book series featuring Japanese samurai Ōoka Tadasuke. His work is marked by his devout Catholicism, but he also scripted the comics Mannetje Bagatel (1946) and Kleine Isar, de Vierde Koning (1962) for Eppo Doeve , as well as Peter-kersen-eter (1943) and De Vrolijke Vaderlandse Geschiedenis (1948) for Piet Worm.
# Wilhelm

Wilhelm may refer to:

## People and fictional characters

* William Charles John Pitcher, costume designer known professionally as "Wilhelm"
* Wilhelm (name), a list of people and fictional characters with the given name or surname

## Other uses

* Wilhelm (name), disambiguation page for people named Wilhelm
* Mount Wilhelm, the highest mountain in Papua New Guinea
* Wilhelm Archipelago, Antarctica
* Wilhelm (crater), a lunar crater
* Wilhelm scream, stock sound effect used in many movies and shows
# Reopalu

Reopalu is a village in Türi Parish, Järva County in central Estonia.
# Shahr-e Babak

Shahr-e Babak (Persian: شهر بابک) is a city in the Central District of Shahr-e Babak County, Kerman province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 43,916 in 10,401 households. The following census in 2011 counted 45,256 people in 11,928 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 51,620 people in 15,375 households.

## Overview

Shahr-e Babak is an ancient city in Iran. Historians believe this town was built by Ardeshir Babakan, the most famous Sasanian king, nearly 1,800 years ago. Meymand, one of the 4 oldest villages in Iran, is 36 km far from Shahr-e Babak. Sarcheshmeh and Miedook, the biggest copper mines in Iran, are located around this town.
Shahr-e Babak is located in the west part of the Kerman province, Iran. To its east is Rafsanjan, in its southern limits is Sirjan, and to the north and west has common borders with the province of Yazd. The city is one of the ancient cities of Iran, and its founder is said to be Babak (the father of Ardeshir Babakan). Such that ancient geographers have mentioned this city in their records, and others have related its historical past with that of Kerman.
Shahr-e Babak was ruled by Nizari Ismailis about 200 years ago. It is known as the "Land of Copper." The county has many villages namely, Eshkoor, Barfeh, Hesarooyeh, Sohrab, Estabraq, Riseh, Pah Qaleh, etc.
Ayyoub's (Job's) Cave is located near Dehaj.
# Loyal Jones

Loyal Jones (January 5, 1928 – October 7, 2023) was an American folklorist, Appalachian culture scholar, and writer.

## Biography

Loyal Jones was born in Marble, North Carolina, on January 5, 1928, one of eight siblings in a farming family. At the age of 12, his family moved to Brasstown, North Carolina, in proximity to the John C. Campbell Folk School established in 1925. After completing high school, he served in the U.S. Navy towards the end of World War II.
Jones pursued higher education upon recommendation from an individual associated with the folk school. Jones earned his B.A. in English from Berea College and an M.A. from the University of North Carolina. Before joining Berea College as a faculty member, he taught in the U.S. Army and at Jefferson County Public Schools.
Jones began working at the Council of the Southern Mountains in 1958 and served as the organization's executive director from 1967 until 1970. From 1970 to 1993, Jones directed Berea College's Appalachian Center. He was considered the "father of modern Appalachian studies". In 2008, the center was named the Loyal Jones Appalachian Center after him. Jones was inducted into the Kentucky Writers Hall of Fame in 2022.
Loyal Jones died in Black Mountain, North Carolina, on October 7, 2023, at the age of 95.
# Love Story (Lloyd Cole album)

Love Story is the fourth solo studio album by the English musician Lloyd Cole, released in 1995. Cole supported the album with UK and North American tours.
The album peaked at No. 27 on the UK Albums Chart. The first single was "Like Lovers Do". "Sentimental Fool" and "Baby" were also released.

## Production

Recorded in New York City, the album was produced by Cole and Stephen Street, among others. Cole considered the album to be an example of what he does best, rather than another attempt to reinvent himself. Robert Quine and Neil Clark played guitar on the album. Fred Maher played drums. "Trigger Happy" is about getting older.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Calgary Herald | |
| The Encyclopedia of Popular Music | |
| The Guardian | |
| MusicHound Rock: The Essential Album Guide | |
| NME | 4/10 |
| (The New) Rolling Stone Album Guide | |
| Martin C. Strong | 5/10 |
Trouser Press noted that "there's certainly nothing lacking in the spare, well-crafted songwriting or Cole's frequently beauteous (and ever-breaking) shaggy-dog voice." The Guardian opined that the album "passes in a comfy blur, only the melancholy 'Baby' making much impression." The Chicago Tribune determined that "the record's stripped-down arrangements, built around Cole's acoustic guitar, focus attention on how economical his songwriting has become over the years."
The Irish Times concluded that Cole "seems to have regained the immediacy and simplicity which made him an icon of the bedsit set, and which put him right up there with Morrissey in the hearts of many thinking teens." The Calgary Herald deemed Cole "a British Leonard Cohen in soft-soled shoes." The Ottawa Citizen stated that "'Sentimental Fool', 'Love Ruins Everything' and 'Trigger Happy' are infectious, timeless pop with a hint of irony."
AllMusic called the album "melodic folk-rock" that presents a "negative world-view." Mark Beaumont of NME considered Love Story to be Cole "stripped down" which, despite "some moments", is "not robust stuff" but largely "one man and his orchestra's trawl through the lite romance of familee life".

## Charts

Chart performance for Love Story :
| Chart (1995) | Peak position |
| Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan) | 9 |
| UK Albums (OCC) | 27 |
| Scottish Albums (OCC) | 42 |
# Beijing Xijiao Airport

Beijing Xijiao Airport is a military airport in Beijing, China. It was also used by charter flights. It is located in Haidian District, 19.75 miles (31.78 km) from Beijing Capital International Airport and about 8 miles (13 km) from the city centre. It has one runway numbered 18/36.

## History

Xijiao Airport was built in 1938 by the Imperial Japanese Army during the Second Sino-Japanese War, and its ownership was transferred to the Nationalist government after the surrender of Japan in 1945. Since January 1949, North China Aviation Bureau of the People's Liberation Army officially took over the management of Xijiao Airport, and formed the North China Air Transportation Brigade, which mainly consists of former Republic of China Air Force pilots.
On the 60th anniversary of the People's Republic of China, all aircraft that flew over Tiananmen took off from Xijiao Airport, and continued on to land at Beijing Nanyuan Airport.
# Mananui Te Heuheu Tūkino II

Mananui Te Heuheu Tūkino II (died 7 May 1846) was a New Zealand Māori tribal leader of the Ngāti Tūwharetoa iwi.
The eldest son of Herea Te Heuheu Tukino I and his first wife, Rangiaho of Ngāti Maniapoto, Mananui was born in Pamotumotu, King Country, near the Mangatutu Stream and was the second of the Te Heuheu line to assume the leadership of Ngāti Tūwharetoa. Mananui traced his ancestry to Tama-te-kapua, commander of Te Arawa canoe, and to its priest, Ngatoro-i-rangi. He was distantly related to Potatau Te Wherowhero of Waikato and Te Rauparaha of Ngāti Toa. He belonged to Ngāti Pehi (now Ngāti Turumakina), Ngāti Hukere and Ngāti Hinewai hapū, and in his youth lived at Pamotumotu.
Mananui led Ngāti Tūwharetoa in war against other tribes, including a war with Ngāti Maru from about 1822 to 1832.
On the morning of 7 May 1846, an avalanche of mud descended from Hipaua Hill at the back of Te Rapa pā, and overwhelmed Te Heuheu, his six wives, his eldest son, Tamati Waka, and fifty-four others. Only two people who were in the pā survived. The pā is buried under 10 feet (3.0 m) of mud. The cause of the calamity was heavy rain three days earlier, which had caused small landslides that blocked a small valley partway up Hipaua Hill. Water from the rains and from hot springs at the top of the valley built up behind the barrier, until it burst, creating a great avalanche of thick mud and large masses of stone, which buried the pā. The Rev. Richard Taylor was present on 1 July 1846 at the tangihanga for Te Heuheu.
Mananui was succeeded by his brother Iwikau Te Heuheu Tūkino III in 1846 and was the father of Te Heuheu Tūkino IV who assumed the leadership of Ngāti Tūwharetoa in October 1862 following the death of his uncle Iwikau.
# Fitches Bridge

Fitch's Bridge is a wooden covered bridge over the West Branch of the Delaware River. It is in the town of Delhi and is one of 24 covered bridges in New York State. It was originally erected in 1870 in the village of Delhi, and moved to its present location in 1885. The single-span, timber bridge measures 106 feet (32 m) long and 20 feet (6.1 m) wide.$^{:5}$
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.

## Gallery

* Fitch's Bridge, May 2004
# Jorge Pérez (dancer)

Jorge Pérez (born 1964 in San Juan, Puerto Rico) is an American dancer, choreographer, educator, and director. He is the Executive and Associate Artistic Director for the Ensemble Español Spanish Dance Theater at Northeastern Illinois University in Chicago, Illinois.
Pérez attended Northeastern Illinois University, as a speech and performing arts major, and took an administrative assistant position with Ensemble Español in 1984. He realized, after seeing Ensemble Español perform on stage for the first time, that Spanish dance was an innate part of his character. In 1985, with a scholarship apprenticeship, his formal Spanish dance training with Dame Libby Komaiko began. A year later, Pérez became a company dancer.
Pérez graduated from Northeastern Illinois University with a B.A. in Speech Communication/Performing Arts and a minor in Dance.

## Career

Pérez continued his training in ballet with Anna Czajun and in modern dance with Venetia Stifler and Nana Shineflug. In Spain and the U.S. he studied with Manuel Reyes, Paco Romero, Maria Magdalena, Candela Soto, Edo, Paco Alonso, Roberto Lorca, Carmela Greco and the National Ballet of Spain founding members, Juan Mata and Ana Gonzalez. He was promoted to first dancer, instructor, associate artistic director and eventually executive director.
Over the years Pérez has appeared as a guest artist in various music and dance festivals. On the faculty for the Ensemble Español’s Flamenco community workshops, he contributes to choreographies of major works and leads the international artistic/cultural/exchange trips for student dancers.
Pérez serves on the board of Audience Architects and graduated from the Goldman Sachs 10,000 Small Businesses Program in 2014. In 2017, Pérez served on the welcoming panel for the 2017 cohort 18 class with special guests Lloyd Blankfein, CEO of Goldman Sachs, and Chicago Mayor Rahm Emanuel.
Pérez continues to perform with the Ensemble Español Company throughout the season and at the annual American Spanish Dance and Music Festival. He has toured internationally with the company to Australia, Poland, Costa Rica, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Spain, and China.

## Honors

* Dr. Bernard Brommel endowed two scholarships for Ensemble Español dancers, Brommel-Komaiko-Pérez Endowment Scholarship and Brommel- Pérez Endowment Scholarship for male student/dancers.
* Ruth Page Foundation and Northeastern Illinois University, Artistic Ambassador Award
* Richard M. Daley (former Chicago Mayor) Appreciation Award (2002)
* St. Louis Cultural Flamenco Society, Twentieth Anniversary Award (2004)
* Ensemble Español’s Ambassador Award (2009)
* Named Who's Who in Hispanic Chicago by Negocios Now (2016)
# Seagull Monument (Sumgait)

The Seagull Monument (Azerbaijani: Qağayı abidəsi) is a landmark located at the entrance of Sumgait, Azerbaijan, along the Baku-Quba highway. The monument is composed of 24 stone blocks stacked in a spiral formation, topped with the wings of a seagull.

## History

The monument was designed in 1964 by sculptor Suleyman Hajiyev. Initially, it consisted of 15 stone blocks, created to commemorate the 15th anniversary of Sumgait. It was presented as a gift to the residents of the city. At the time, the word "Sumgait" was inscribed on the monument.
In later years, modifications were made to the structure. The original 15-block design was replaced, and aluminum structural blocks were introduced. The total number of blocks was increased to 24, and the monument now stands at a height of 13 meters.

## Symbolism

The Seagull Monument holds various symbolic meanings. The spiral arrangement of the blocks represents the city’s continuous growth and development. The original 15 blocks symbolized both the city’s 15th anniversary and the 15 Soviet republics, reflecting Sumgait’s multicultural identity during the Soviet era. The seagull wings on top emphasize the city’s location by the Caspian Sea, highlighting its connection to the coastal environment.

## Reference list

* ↑ "Seagull Monument". sumqayit24.az.
* ↑ "Historical Monuments". Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Azerbaijan. Absheron-Khizi Regional Culture Department.
* ↑ "Monuments in Sumgayit – PHOTOS". sumqayitxeber.com.
* ↑ "Sculptural Monuments of Sumgait City". National Library of Azerbaijan anl.az.
# Stanytsia Luhanska kindergarten bombing

The Stanytsia Luhanska kindergarten bombing was an event directly preceding the 2022 Russian Invasion of Ukraine. It was shelling of a kindergarten in Stanytsia Luhanska on 17 February 2022 which injured three people, and left half the town without electricity. It was performed by separatists shortly before the invasion.

## Overview

On 17 February 2022, a mortar shell landed in a kindergarten in Stanytsia Luhanska, Luhansk Oblast, Ukraine. The Luhansk People's Republic (Sergey Kozlov) accused Ukraine of using mortars, grenade launchers, rocketeers or/and a machine gun along its contact line, possibly near Stanytsia Luhanska. Ukrainian sources claimed LPR and Russian positions fired from somewhere near Mykolaivka or Luhansk towards Stanytsia Luhanska. This was during the prelude before the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
On February 26, the settlement was occupied by Russian Ground Forces as part of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.

## Reactions

Josep Borrell, the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy of the European Union (EU), stated that "such indiscriminate shelling of civilian infrastructures is totally unacceptable and represents a clear violation of the cease-fire and the Minsk agreements". Borrell also expressed the EU's support for Ukraine's internationally recognized borders and called for unrestricted access for the OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine in the whole of the territory of Ukraine, including Russian-occupied areas.
The Embassy of the United States in Kyiv called the attack a "heinous Russian violation of the Minsk Agreements" which demonstrated "Russia's disregard for Ukrainian civilians on both sides of the line of contact". The embassy also stated that "The aggressor in Donbas is clear - Russia".
# Hobb's Mill

Hobb's Mill, also known as Hobbs Drainage Mill, is an open trestle windpump which stands by the side of the River Bure in Horning, North Norfolk, England, and is a Grade II* listed structure.
The mill was built before 1930, probably in the late 19th century. The frame is made of wood, with four braced cant posts standing on brick piers supporting a weatherboarded cap and fantail. In the picture, the four sails are missing.
The mill was unique in that it was the only trestle mill to operate a scoop wheel. Both the mill and scoop wheel have been partly restored by the Windmill Trust.
# Eumicrotremus gyrinops

Eumicrotremus gyrinops, known as the Alaskan lumpsucker, is a species of lumpfish native to the Bering Sea and the Aleutian Islands. It is a small demersal fish that occurs at a depth range of 70 to 172 metres (230 to 564 ft) and reaches 5.2 centimetres (2.0 in) SL.
# Five Mile Drive-Sutter Creek Bridge

The Five Mile Drive-Sutter Creek Bridge, in Amador County, California near Ione, California, is a Pony Pratt half-truss bridge built in 1910. It was listed on the United States National Register of Historic Places in 1986.
The United States National Register nomination describes it as a:
   steel, pin-connected, pony Pratt half-hip truss bridge on concrete wall abutments with flared wing walls. It crosses Sutter Creek in a wooded, rural setting. At a length of 115 feet (five panels at 23 feet each), it is very long for a pony truss, which is generally used for light vehicular traffic on short spans. In profile, the truss is a typical Pratt half-hip, but it is somewhat unusual in that the floor beams are extended five feet outside of the plane of the truss chords, and an additional vertical brace attaches to the end of the floor beams. This was probably done to provide extra support to compensate for the length of the truss. Another unusual feature is that the end posts terminate at a higher level than the interior verticals, giving the roadway a "sway-backed" configuration. The truss width (outside measurement) is 17 feet 4 inches and the roadway width is 12 feet 2 inches, with no wheel guards.
It is located at the intersection of Old Stockton Rd. and Five Mile Dr., over Sutter Creek, west of Ione, Amador County, California.
# Ulf Högberg

Ulf Högberg (21 January 1946 – 16 May 2023) was a Swedish middle-distance runner. He competed in the 1500 metres at the 1972 Summer Olympics and the 1976 Summer Olympics.
Högberg died in Täby on 16 May 2023, at the age of 77.