OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Battle of Kibata

The Battle of Kibata was fought north-west from Kilwa during the East African Campaign of World War I. The British theatre commander, South African General Jan Smuts, planned to seize Kibata and prevent German forces from withdrawing southwards.

## Battle

On 14 October 1916, Kibata was reached and the empty fort seized; Germans had withdrawn to the hills. On 6 December 1916, main German troops led by Lettow-Vorbeck advanced on Kibata. British forces were driven out from they outposts to two redoubts on Picquet hill, north of Kibata. The German guns (One recovered from the sunken light cruiser SMS Königsberg ) opened up a bombardment against the two British held redoubts. Later German field companies attacked the redoubts but they were repulsed by the British defenders.
One of the German companies dug itself in on the western slope of Picquet Hill. This German position was named the Lodgement. By then the British forces, Baluchis from India and KAR from Nyasaland (modern-day Malawi),were well dug-in on a series of low hills near Kibata, but German troops with heavy artillery were occupying a surrounding ring of higher hills. The recent recruits became used to the shelling and they quickly adapted to trench warfare. The battle was raging which was more akin to the battlefield in Europe than in the African bush.
On the night of 15 December 1916, British forces attacked the Lodgement German position near British redoubts. The British soldiers in this attack used Mills bombs for the first time in East Africa. The Germans fell back and the Lodgement was occupied by soldiers from the King's African Rifles, supported by a section of Loyal North Lancashire machine gunners.
On 1 January 1917, two 5-inch howitzers of the 14th Howitzer Battery, Royal Garrison Artillery, had arrived at Kibata, which signalled the end of German hopes of destroying the British garrison.

## Aftermath

A few days later, Germans withdrew six of nine field companies from the Kibata area to the north to meet General Smuts main British troops which were fighting for crossings over the Rufiji River. On 6 January 1917, Brigadier General O'Grady ordered a general advance and the KAR Askari quickly took the hill crests previously occupied by the Germans.
# George Johnson House (Calamus, Iowa)

The George Johnson House is an historic building located near Calamus, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.

## History

Gjert (George) Johnson was one of the three brothers who moved to Olive Township, Clinton County, Iowa in 1853. They were the first Norwegians to settle the area. George and his wife Britta Christensdatter had nine children and they purchased the land on which the house and surrounding farm sits in 1861. Their original house, no longer extant, was across the road. The family was charter members of the nearby Kvindherred Lutheran Church and donated the land for the cemetery. By 1879 George owned over 600 acres (240 ha) of land, which made him one of the largest landowners in the township. He built this house for over $7000. The Johnsons lived in this house from 1878, when it was built until 1882, when most of them moved to Norman County, Minnesota. One of the Johnson daughters remained behind with her husband, the Rev. J.J. Heie, who was the pastor at Kvindherred Church from 1900 to 1913. They continued to live in the house. It was sold, along with 78 acres (32 ha), to John Olson in 1913. Pastor Sheldahl lived in the house when he was at Kvindherred Church in the 1930s. Three sons of George Johnson's brother Arne (Aaron) bought the house in 1949. It remains a farmhouse.

## Architecture

The George Johnson House is a 2½-story frame dwelling built on a coursed limestone foundation with a full basement. The entire structure is square and measures 40 by 40 feet (12 by 12 m). The front entrance faces the road to the east. The enclosed porch with a mansard roof on the back of the house is original, but the front porch is not. The front porch features balustrades on the lower level and on the roof, which can be accessed from the second floor. The exterior is clad in tongue-and-groove pine siding that simulates ashlar masonry. The window sills and hoods are boxed wood construction and made to look like solid stone. The house is capped with a concave mansard roof with dormers on the lower portion that rises to a flat portion with a widow's walk, which originally had a metal balustrade. Paired wooden brackets with pendants are located below the eaves. Between the brackets is a row of dentils located above a paneled frieze. A rope mold separates the cornice zone from the rest of the wall section.
The house is an unusual example of the Second Empire style found on an Iowa farmstead. It is also unusual for its use of wood siding to simulate ashlar masonry. The only other example in the state is the Lambrite-Iles-Petersen House in Davenport. Its prominence is aided by its large size and its location on higher ground than the relatively flat surrounding farmland.
# Don't Change

"Don't Change" is a song by Australian rock band INXS. It was released as a single from the album Shabooh Shoobah in October 1982. It has been described as the song that made the band internationally famous.

## Reception

Cash Box reviewed the "Don't Change" single saying "churning rhythms and swirling guitars provide a straight ahead forward thrust for singer Michael Hutchence's philosophical pronouncements."
"Don't Change" peaked at number 14 on the Australian Singles Charts and reached number 80 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number 17 on the Billboard Top Tracks chart.
In February 2014, after the Channel 7 screening of INXS: Never Tear Us Apart mini-series, "Don't Change" charted again in Australia via download sales. It peaked at #92 on the ARIA Singles Chart.
In 2017, the song was selected for preservation in the National Film and Sound Archive's Sounds of Australia collection.
In January 2018, as part of Triple M's "Ozzest 100", the 'most Australian' songs of all time, "Don't Change" was ranked number 28.
In a retrospective review, Allmusic described the song as "one of the best rock songs of the 1980s".

## Music video

The music video, directed by Scott Hicks, was originally planned to be filmed on an airport runway, in South Australia, but was cancelled due to bad weather and filming took place in a nearby airport hangar.
Hutchence knew Hicks, and had performed on two songs included on the soundtrack of an earlier feature film directed by him, Freedom. The two tracks, "Speed Kills" and "Forest Theme", were written by Don Walker (Cold Chisel). "Speed Kills" was Hutchence's first solo single and was released by WEA in early 1982.

## Uses in media and other versions

"Don't Change" plays during the credits of the movie Adventureland and is featured on its soundtrack.
The song has been covered by Brandon Flowers, The Audreys, The Bravery, Everclear, Face to Face, Goo Goo Dolls, Grinspoon, AFI, Bruce Springsteen, Lazlo Bane and Limp Bizkit.

## Track listing

7" single Track listing

## Charts

| Chart (1982) | Peak position |
| Australia (Kent Music Report) | 14 |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 80 |
| US Mainstream Rock (Billboard) | 17 |
# Chasmaporthetes

Chasmaporthetes, also known as hunting or running hyena, is an extinct genus of hyenas distributed in Eurasia, North America, and Africa during the Pliocene-Pleistocene epochs, living from 4.9 million to 780,000 years ago, existing for about 4.12 million years. The genus probably arose from Eurasian Miocene hyenas such as Thalassictis or Lycyaena, with C. borissiaki being the oldest known representative. The species C. ossifragus was the only hyena to cross the Bering land bridge into the Americas, and ranged over what is now Arizona and Mexico during Blancan and early Irvingtonian Land Mammal ages, between 5.0 and 1.5 million years ago.
Chasmaporthetes was one of the so-called "dog-like" hyenas (of which the aardwolf is the only survivor), a hyaenid group which, in contrast to the now more common "bone-crushing" hyenas, evolved into slender-limbed, cursorial hunters like modern canids.

## Taxonomy and etymology

Chasmaporthetes was named (from chasm and the Greek πορθευτής (portheutes), "destroyer, ravager") by Hay (1921), who noted that the name meant that the North American species, Chasmaporthetes ossifragus (the type species) possibly saw the beginning of the Grand Canyon.

### Species

At least nine species are currently recognised:
* Chasmaporthetes ossifragus Hay, 1921 - North America, Pliocene to Pleistocene
* C. australis Hendey, 1974 - Africa, Late Miocene
* C. bonisi Koufos, 1987 - Greece, Late Miocene
* C. borissiaki Khomenko, 1932 - Russia, Pliocene (disputed)
* C. exitelus Kurtén & Werdelin, 1988 - China, Late Miocene
* C. gangsriensis Tseng, Li, & Wang, 2013 - Asia, Early Pliocene
* C. lunensis Del Campana, 1914 - Eurasia, Late Miocene to Early Pleistocene
* C. melei Rook et al, 2004 - Sardinia, Early Pleistocene
* C. nitidula Geraads, 1997 - Africa, Pliocene to Early Pleistocene

## Anatomy and paleoecology

The limb bones of Chasmaporthetes were long and slender like those of cheetahs, and its cheek teeth were slender and sharp-edged like those of a cat. Chasmaporthetes likely inhabited open ground and was a daytime hunter. A study on the genus' premolar intercuspid notches indicated Chasmaporthetes was likely hypercarnivorous rather than durophagous as its modern cousins (excluding the aardwolf) are.
In Europe, the species C. lunensis competed with the giant cheetah Acinonyx pardinensis, and may have preyed on the small Bourbon gazelle (Gazella borbonica) and the chamois antelope (Procamptoceras brivatense). The North American C. ossifragus was similar in build to C. lunensis, but had slightly more robust jaws and teeth. It may have preyed on the giant marmot Paenemarmota, and competed with the far more numerous Borophagus diversidens.
# TAIEX

The Taiwan Stock Exchange Capitalization Weighted Stock Index (Chinese: 臺灣證券交易所發行量加權股價指數), TWSE Capitalization Weighted Stock Index, or TAIEX (Chinese: 加權指數) is a stock market index for companies traded on the Taiwan Stock Exchange (TWSE). The TAIEX covers all of the listed stocks excluding preferred stocks, full-delivery stocks and newly listed stocks, which are listed for less than one calendar month. It was first published in 1967 by TWSE with 1966 being the base year with a value of 100.
The Taiwanese stock market experienced a "bubble economy" from 1986 to 1990. When in 1986 the index was around 1000 points, it reached a peak of over 12,000 points in February 1990 then plummeted to around 2500 points by October 1990.

## Annual Returns

The following table shows the annual development of the TAIEX since 1966.
| Year | Closing level | Change in index in points | Change in index in % |
| 1966 | 100.00 | | |
| 1967 | 105.76 | 5.76 | 5.76 |
| 1968 | 106.63 | 0.87 | 0.82 |
| 1969 | 110.30 | 3.67 | 3.44 |
| 1970 | 123.38 | 13.08 | 11.86 |
| 1971 | 135.13 | 11.75 | 9.52 |
| 1972 | 228.03 | 92.90 | 68.75 |
| 1973 | 495.45 | 267.42 | 117.27 |
| 1974 | 193.06 | −302.39 | −61.03 |
| 1975 | 330.08 | 137.02 | 70.97 |
| 1976 | 372.20 | 42.12 | 12.76 |
| 1977 | 450.44 | 78.24 | 21.02 |
| 1978 | 532.43 | 81.99 | 18.20 |
| 1979 | 549.55 | 17.12 | 3.22 |
| 1980 | 558.45 | 8.90 | 1.62 |
| 1981 | 551.03 | −7.42 | −1.33 |
| 1982 | 443.57 | −107.46 | −19.50 |
| 1983 | 761.92 | 318.35 | 71.77 |
| 1984 | 838.07 | 76.15 | 9.99 |
| 1985 | 835.12 | 2.88 | 0.34 |
| 1986 | 1,039.11 | 203.99 | 24.43 |
| 1987 | 2,339.86 | 1,300.75 | 125.18 |
| 1988 | 5,119.11 | 2,779.25 | 118.78 |
| 1989 | 9,624.18 | 4,505.07 | 88.00 |
| 1990 | 4,530.16 | −5,094.02 | −52.93 |
| 1991 | 4,540.55 | 10.39 | 0.23 |
| 1992 | 3,377.06 | −1,163.49 | −25.62 |
| 1993 | 6,070.56 | 2,693.50 | 79.76 |
| 1994 | 7,111.10 | 1,040.54 | 17.14 |
| 1995 | 5,158.65 | −1,952.45 | −27.46 |
| 1996 | 6,933.94 | 1,775.29 | 34.41 |
| 1997 | 8,187.27 | 1,253.33 | 18.08 |
| 1998 | 6,418.43 | −1,768.84 | −21.60 |
| 1999 | 8,448.84 | 2,030.41 | 31.63 |
| 2000 | 4,743.94 | −3,704.90 | −43.85 |
| 2001 | 5,551.24 | 807.30 | 17.02 |
| 2002 | 4,452.45 | −1,098.79 | −19.79 |
| 2003 | 5,890.69 | 1,438.24 | 32.30 |
| 2004 | 6,139.69 | 249.00 | 4.23 |
| 2005 | 6,548.34 | 408.65 | 6.66 |
| 2006 | 7,823.72 | 1,275.38 | 19.48 |
| 2007 | 8,506.28 | 682.56 | 8.72 |
| 2008 | 4,591.22 | −3,915.06 | −46.03 |
| 2009 | 8,188.11 | 3,596.89 | 78.34 |
| 2010 | 8,972.50 | 784.39 | 9.58 |
| 2011 | 7,072.08 | −1,900.42 | −21.18 |
| 2012 | 7,699.50 | 627.42 | 8.87 |
| 2013 | 8,611.51 | 912.01 | 11.85 |
| 2014 | 9,307.26 | 695.75 | 8.08 |
| 2015 | 8,338.06 | −969.20 | −10.41 |
| 2016 | 9,253.50 | 915.44 | 10.98 |
| 2017 | 10,642.86 | 1,389.36 | 15.01 |
| 2018 | 9,727.41 | −915.45 | −8.60 |
| 2019 | 11,997.14 | 2,269.73 | 23.33 |
| 2020 | 14,732.53 | 2,735.39 | 22.80 |
| 2021 | 18,218.84 | 3,486.31 | 23.66 |
| 2022 | 14,137.69 | −4,081.15 | −22.40 |
| 2023 | 17,930.81 | 3,793.12 | 26.83 |
| 2024 | 23,035.10 | 5,104.29 | 28.47 |
# DeSoto Bridge

DeSoto Bridge was a trussed deck-arch bridge that spanned the Mississippi River in St. Cloud, Minnesota. It was built in 1958 by the Minnesota Department of Transportation. The bridge was painted black, which is typical for railroad bridges but unusual for a highway bridge. The river banks on either side are relatively high, so the bridge required deep trusses which arched over the river.
After the collapse of the I-35W Mississippi River bridge in Minneapolis on August 1, 2007, Minnesota Governor Tim Pawlenty ordered the DeSoto Bridge and two other bridges in Minnesota to be inspected. The three bridges have a design similar to that of the former I-35W bridge.
The bridge was inspected on August 3, 2007 and found to be structurally sound. However, on March 20, 2008, four gusset plates were found to be bent. The bridge was closed indefinitely as a precaution and demolished in October 2008.
After inspections by the Minnesota Department of Transportation and the National Transportation Safety Board, it was determined that the DeSoto Bridge should be replaced. The replacement project started in September 2008 and was originally projected to be completed by June 2010. The new replacement bridge, named the Granite City Crossing, opened October 29, 2009.
# S. M. Anwar

Commodore Sheikh Mohammad Anwar LOM, SK (Urdu: شيخ محمد انور ; 19 September 1920 – 24 January 1977), popularly known as SM Anwar, was a Pakistani one-star rank admiral who is known for his role as officer in tactical command of the 25th Destroyer Squadron that attack and raided the radar station in Dwarka in Gujarat during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965.
Despite his feat, Anwar's accomplishment in the Navy was not well known. He died in Karachi in 1979
. It was only in the 1990s when his role as war hero was highlighted when ISPR released the telefilm of the same name of the operation. After much literary criticism by media and veterans, his achievements were recognized in 2010s.

## Biography

Sheikh Mohammad Anwar was born in Lahore, Punjab, India, on 12 September 1920.$^{:6}$ After his matriculation, he was educated at the Forman Christian College University in Lahore, graduating in 1940.$^{:25}$
He joined and commissioned in the Royal Indian Navy as a Sub-Lieutenant in 1941, and briefly served in World War II's Burma theatre in 1942–43.$^{:6–7}$ After the India's partition that resulted in the independence of Pakistan on 14 August 1947, Lt Anwar joined the Pakistan Navy, and was directed to attend the Naval War College in Rhodes Island, United States, in 1958. After graduating from the Naval War College in 1959, Cdr. Anwar served as an exchange officer in the United States Navy's surface warships for two months. In 1960, Cdr Anwar served as base commander for the PNS Bahadur, a training establishment.
In 1962, Capt. Anwar was appointed by the Ministry of Defence (MoD) for a diplomatic assignment, and briefly tenured as naval attaché at the Embassy of Pakistan in Washington, D.C. in the United States until 1964.$^{:38}$
In 1965, Anwar was appointed as senior fleet commander when he took over the command of the Pakistan Fleet (COMPAK). During the second war with India in 1965, Cdre. Anwar was the officer in tactical command of the 25th Destroyer Squadron who led the attack and raid radar station used by the Indian Air Force in Dwarka, Gujarat in India.$^{:83}$
In 1968, the United States honoured him with their highest military award, the Legion of Merit, presented by then-U.S. Ambassador to Pakistan Eugene Locke.$^{:39}$$^{:25}$ In 1969, he was appointed as chairman of Karachi Port Trust which he remained until 1970.
In 1971, Cdre. Anwar served in the command of the Marines Corps for a short period, and was later appointed as commandant of the Pakistan Marine Academy until 1975.
Despite his role and heroic feats in 1965 war, his role in the Navy was less known and was hardly recognised in the Navy. He was unknown to the public, and it was not until 1990s when the ISPR highlighted his role as a war hero when releasing the telefilm bearing the same name of operation that was aired on the STN; his role was played by Talat Hussain in the 1990s.
His death also went unnoticed in 1977, and it was only in 2016, when the Pakistan Navy officially recognised his services on their official page on Facebook.
# Noah Kool

Noah Kool Yalba (born 10 October 1962) is a Papua New Guinean politician. He has been the Governor of Chimbu Province from 2012 to 2017, as a member of the governing People's National Congress.
Kool was a school teacher and member of the Papua New Guinea rugby league team prior to entering politics. He played in one match for Papua New Guinea, playing against the Great Britain Lions during their 1990 tour.
He was an unsuccessful candidate for the Chimbu governorship at a March 2004 by-election (for the People's Labour Party) and the 2007 election (for the United Party). He won the seat on his third attempt as an independent at the 2012 election, and joined the governing People's National Congress after the election.
In October 2012, he set up a permanent office for the province in Port Moresby to minimise the expense of trips to the capital by provincial public servants. In February 2013, he was credited with the opening of the Chimbu Teachers College, the first tertiary institution in the province, as a means of developing human resources to support economic growth in what Kool described as a province "geographically rugged and unsuitable for any major economic development. In May 2015, he called for tougher cannabis trafficking laws. In late 2015, he repeatedly called for greater aid for the province in response to a devastating drought which had dried up water supplies and destroyed crops, declaring that it had become an "emergency situation". In May 2016, Kool announced that he had secured funding for the Simbu Unitech Satellite Campus, a Kundiawa campus of the Lae-based Papua New Guinea University of Technology.
# Tommy Boyle (footballer, born 1886)

Thomas William Boyle (29 January 1886 – 5 January 1940) was an English footballer, primarily associated with Burnley. He was the only player to have captained a Burnley team in a winning FA Cup Final.

## Career

Boyle was born in the village of Hoyland in Yorkshire in 1886. He started his career at Barnsley. In 1912 Boyle crossed the Pennines to sign for Burnley for what was then a club record fee of £1,150.
He was described as a great header of the ball, an excellent passer with great leadership qualities, and as being one of the best players ever to play for Burnley. Having lifted the FA Cup in 1914, he then became the first Burnley captain to lift the League Championship Trophy as Burnley won the 1920–21 title.
By then, he was 33 and his career was coming to an end. That season was to be his last full season in the first team. He made his last appearance for Burnley during the 1921–22 season, and after a further year playing in the reserves he signed for Wrexham, where he ended his playing career.
After his playing career, he had a spell coaching in Germany.
He won only one England cap against Ireland in Belfast in 1913. He also played in four representative matches for the Football League.

## Personal life

Boyle served as a gunner in the Royal Field Artillery during the First World War and was wounded in 1917. After the war, Boyle worked as a landlord, but was committed to a psychiatric hospital in 1930. He died at Whittingham Hospital, Lancashire, ten years later, and was buried in an unmarked grave in Hoyland.
# William Bartley (pilot)

Captain William Bartley (May 16, 1916 – January 28, 2011) was an American military pilot who served with the Tuskegee Airmen during World War II. He graduated from the Tuskegee Institute in 1943, was given the rank of 2nd Lieutenant, and was placed with the 332nd Fighter Group and the 99th Fighter Squadron.

## Military service

Bartley graduated as a pilot from Tuskegee in 1943. He was given the rank of 2nd Lieutenant and placed with the 332nd Fighter Group and the 99th Fighter Squadron.
After his service in World War II he joined the Air Force Reserve as a captain in 1946.

## After the war

He later worked in real estate. In the 1960s he became the business manager of Edward Waters College. In the 1970s he opened his own real estate office (Bartley Real Estate.

### Awards

* Congressional Gold Medal awarded to the Tuskegee Airmen in 2006

## Education

* Old Stanton High School, Class of 1935
* School of Business Administration at Tuskegee Institute in 1939
* Tuskegee University Class of 1943
# Sainte-Marguerite-en-Ouche

Sainte-Marguerite-en-Ouche (French pronunciation:, literally Sainte-Marguerite in Ouche) is a former commune in the Eure department in Normandy in northern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Mesnil-en-Ouche.
# Stanford Windmill

Stanford Windmill is a Grade II* listed tower mill in Stanford, Kent, England that was built in 1857. It stands on Kennett Lane in Stanford.

## History

Stanford mill was built in 1857 by the Ashford millwright John Hill. The tower of the mill was cracked when a bomb was dropped nearby during World War I. A single cylinder paraffin engine was fitted between the wars. This was replaced by a Ruston & Hornsby engine in 1936. The mill had a new pair of sails in 1925, 1930 and 1936. It worked by wind until 1946, in which year the shutters were removed from the sails. The sails and cap roof were removed in 1961, and a corrugated asbestos roof built on the cap frame. Milling continued by engine until 1969, with the paraffin engine being replaced by an electric motor. Some of the milling furniture was used in the restoration of Draper's Mill, Margate in the 1970s.

## Description

Stanford mill is a five-storey tower mill which formerly had a Kentish-type cap. It had four patent sails carried on a cast-iron windshaft. The mill was winded by a fantail and there was a stage at first-floor level. The mill drove four pairs of millstones, two steel mills and two roller mills. The brake wheel is a composite one, with iron arms and a wooden rim. This drives a cast-iron wallower. The great spur wheel is also of cast iron. The mill drives to the millstones is overdrift.

## Millers

* J Fox 1862
* Thomas Rolfe 1878
* Henry Taylor 1913–1929
* G R Holt 1929–1946
* H Beresford Lye 1946–1959
* M Hancock & Son 1959–1969
References for above:-