OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Spytihněv I, Duke of Bohemia

Spytihněv I (c. 875 – 915), a member of the Přemyslid dynasty, was Duke of Bohemia from 889 (under regency until 894 or 895) until his death in 915.

## Life

He was the eldest son of Duke Bořivoj I, the first historically documented Bohemian ruler, and his wife Ludmila. Because Spytihněv and his younger brother Vratislaus were still minors at the time of their father's death about 889, the Bohemian lands were placed under the regency of their suzerain, the Great Moravian ruler Svatopluk I.
After Svatopluk died in 894, an inheritance conflict arose between his sons Mojmír II and Svatopluk II. Spytihněv took advantage of the situation to free himself from Moravian vassalage. According to the Frankish chronicle Annales Fuldenses, he appeared with another Bohemian duke Witizla at the Imperial Diet (Reichstag) in Regensburg in 895 and paid homage to the East Frankish King Arnulf of Carinthia. This was an important first step in detaching Bohemia from Moravian rule. He reinforced Přemyslid rule in Central Bohemia around present-day Prague, having several castles erected along the borders of his realm at Mělník, Libušín, Tetín, Lštění, and Boleslav. He also continued the extension of Prague Castle as the administrative centre of the rising Přemyslid duchy as a replacement for the early medieval gord of Levý Hradec.
Spytihněv further strengthened ties with East Francia by forming an alliance with Margrave Luitpold of Bavaria, who in 898 fought against Mojmír II with the result that Bohemia finally separated from the Greater Moravian realm. Designed to protect Bohemia against the ravages of Hungarian invasions, the alliance with East Francia also opened Bohemia to Carolingian culture and paved the way for the eventual triumph of Roman Catholicism in Czech spiritual affairs.
He was confirmed to buried in the Church of the Virgin Mary in Prague Castle, as were many members of the royal Přemyslid dynasty during this period.

## DNA

DNA testing on his remains suggests the Přemysl family's Y-haplogroup was R1b, common to Western Europe and Czech Republic.
# Juodaičiai Eldership

The Juodaičiai Eldership (Lithuanian: Juodaičių seniūnija) is an eldership of Lithuania, located in the Jurbarkas District Municipality. In 2021 its population was 322.
# Reiss Engelhorn Museum

The Reiss Engelhorn Museum (REM, stylised rem; Reiss-Engelhorn-Museen), is a museum in Mannheim, Germany. It has an exhibition area of 11,300 square metres (122,000 sq ft), and houses around 1.2 million objects.

## Facilities and collection

The Reiss-Engelhorn-Museum is one of the major museums in Mannheim and comprises four exhibition halls presenting exhibits in archaeology, world cultures, history of art and culture, photography and history of theater and music. From 2013 to 2021, Mathilde Grünewald worked there as a consultant for provincial Roman archaeology and curated the exhibition "A Touch of Rome".
The main facility is the Zeughaus Museum, which features exhibit areas for art, decorative art and cultural history, theater, literature and antiquities. The International Photography Forum, located on the fourth floor, displays photographs from the permanent collections ranging from 19th century to contemporary works and presents exhibitions.
The World Cultures Museum features displays of archaeology from the Metal Ages up through the Roman era, as well as medieval Germany, and ancient Egyptian art and culture.
The Bassermannhaus Museum of Music and Fine Arts features a large collection of musical instruments from around the world.
The Schillerhaus Museum is an 18th-century house that presents the life of Friedrich Schiller.

## Repatriation

In 2023 the museum was one of seven German museums to return Māori and Moriori remains to the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa in New Zealand.

## Wikimedia lawsuit

In 2015, the museum filed a lawsuit against the Wikimedia Foundation and Wikimedia Deutschland over the use of photographs of public domain artworks on the Wikimedia projects. In June 2016, a Berlin court (Landgericht Berlin) ruled that digitizing paintings that are in the public domain creates new copyrights, even if the intent is to create a faithful image of the public domain work. The lawsuit was dismissed with respect to Wikimedia Deutschland on the basis that it was not responsible for the files which are managed in the U.S. by the Wikimedia Foundation, which latter organization expressed the intent to appeal the decision.
In a related case, in May 2017, the Oberlandesgericht of Stuttgart ruled with reference to the concept of property (Sacheigentum). Property is addressed by article 14 of the German constitution. The Stuttgart court ruled that under German law already skill and effort restricts a photo under Lichtbild [de] rules for 50 years, even though no creativity is involved and thus the more elaborate restrictions of a Lichtbildwerk do not apply (70 years pma). The court has allowed an appeal to the Federal Court of Justice (Bundesgerichtshof).
On December 20, 2018, the court decided in favour of the museum.
# Karl Pauker

Karl Viktorovich Pauker (Russian: Карл Ви́кторович Па́укер; January 1893 – 14 August 1937) was an NKVD officer and head of Joseph Stalin's personal security until his arrest and execution.
Pauker was born into Jewish family in Lviv, which was then part of Austria-Hungary. Prior to the war he was a hairdresser working in the Budapest Opera house. He served in the Austro-Hungarian army in World War I and was taken as a prisoner of war by the Russians in 1916. Pauker elected to stay in Russia after the revolution and joined the Communist Party in 1918.
Pauker joined the Cheka and became Stalin's bodyguard in 1924. Pauker took an active part in the purges, including the executions of Grigory Zinoviev and Lev Kamenev.
Pauker was arrested on 15 April 1937, according to Simon Sebag Montefiore, because he "knew too much and lived too well", and he was executed quietly without trial on 14 August 1937. He was not posthumously rehabilitated.
# Domnarvsvallen

Domnarvsvallen is a football stadium in Borlänge Municipality and the home arena for IK Brage and Dalkurd FF. Domnarvsvallen has a total capacity of 6,500 spectators.
The arena is mostly in wood, and was built in 1925 when IK Brage was founded.
# Altenmarkt im Pongau

Altenmarkt im Pongau is a small town in the Austrian state of Salzburg.

## Geography

Altenmarkt is situated 65 km southeast of Salzburg.

## Economy

The town is principally known for its winter tourism. It is also the location of the factory manufacturing Atomic Skis.
Altenmarkt-Zauchensee is part of the Ski Amade ski area, with Zauchensee located approximately 10 km south from the town.

## Personalities

* Hermann Maier, former alpine skier
* Michael Walchhofer, alpine skier

## Image gallery

* Farm in 1967 with typical bell on the roof
* Altenmarkt im Pongau in July 2011, view to a street
# La revue de cuisine

La revue de cuisine (H 161, Czech: Kuchyňská revue) is a ballet in one act by Czech composer Bohuslav Martinů. It was created for sextet: clarinet (B♭), bassoon, trumpet, violin, cello and piano, composed in 1927. It was premiered in November 1927 in Prague. The suite drawn from the ballet was premiered in January 1930, in Paris.

## Work

In response to a commission by Božena Neběská and to a scenario by Jarmila Kröschlová, Martinů wrote a witty curtain-raiser called Pokušení svatoušká hrnec (Temptation of the Saintly Pot) and with it scored his first popular success under the revised title La Revue de cuisine. Here the dancers play a variety of cooking utensils which swagger their way through a naïve episode of kitchen life. The marriage of Pot and Lid is in danger of being broken up by the suave Twirling Stick. Pot succumbs to his flattery. Dishcloth makes eyes at Lid but is challenged to a duel by Broom. Pot, however, tires of Twirling Stick and longs for Lid's caresses, but Lid cannot be found anywhere. Suddenly an enormous foot appears from the wings and kicks him back on stage. Pot and Lid kiss and make up and, flirting once again, Twirling Stick goes off with Dishcloth.

## Structure

The ballet is in ten movements:
* Prologue (Allegretto)
* Introduction (Tempo de marche)
* Danse du moulinet autour du caudron (Poco meno)
* Danse du chaudron et du couvercle (Allegro)
* Tango (Danse d'amour. Lento)
* Duel (Poco a poco allegro. Tempo di Charleston)
* Entracte (Lamentation du chaudron. Allegro moderato)
* Marche funèbre (Adagio)
* Danse radieuse (Tempo di marche)
* Fin du drame (Allegretto)
The suite is in four movements: Prologue, Tango, Charleston, and Final.
The score for the suite was published in Paris shortly after its premiere. The full score for the ballet was discovered in the early 1990s in the archives of the Paul Sacher Foundation in Basel and published in Paris in 2004.
The music involves complex time schemes – for example the Final, which involves an opening piano solo marked "Tempo di marcia". This section switches between 2/4, 3/8 and 4/8 in an almost unpredictable fashion, generating the desired rhythmical offbeats typical of the jazz of the period.
Further jazz influences are seen in the instrumentation: the piano using rich harmony and dissonance, the muted trumpet reminiscent of the jazz bands of the era, and the repeated use of pizzicato in the cello part, echoing the use of the double bass in jazz.
This is a progressive piece of music which helps to draw the link between early and mid twentieth-century music.
# Juhani Kärkinen

Juhani Tapio Antero Kärkinen (28 October 1935 – 29 August 2019) was a Finnish ski jumper who won a gold medal in the large hill at the 1958 World Ski Championships. He placed eighth in the normal hill at the 1960 Winter Olympics. His elder brother Kalevi was also an international ski jumper.
# Slow Boat to China

"Slow Boat to China" is a song written by Mike Ragogna and recorded by American country music group Girls Next Door. It was released in May 1986 as the second single from their album The Girls Next Door. The song peaked at No. 8 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart.

## Critical reception

An uncredited review in Cash Box magazine was favorable, saying that the group "entertains with their strong vocals and tight harmony. The easy-flowing melody should help the Girls’ new single sail into the Top 10, creating waves all along the way." A review from Billboard was also positive, calling the song "a brisk, pop-flavored effort."

## Chart performance

| Chart (1986) | Peak position |
| U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles | 8 |
# Chestnut Street Bridge (Philadelphia)

The Chestnut Street Bridge is a bridge across the Schuylkill River that carries Chestnut Street in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The original 1861 bridge was "a bridge whose scale and use of cast iron made it singular in the United States and throughout the world". The 1957 bridge, now one way, helps connect West Philadelphia with the rest of the city.

## History

Construction of the first Chestnut Street Bridge, designed by Strickland Kneass, started on 4 September 1861. That bridge cost $500,000, was 1,528 feet (466 m) long, and was constructed of cast iron, with approaches and piers of granite. When the bridge formally opened on 23 June 1866, it was the second connection between Center City, Philadelphia and West Philadelphia, after the Market Street Bridge.
In 1957, to make way for the Schuylkill Expressway, the western pier of the bridge was removed, and the main spans of the bridge were replaced.
In 2011, a weight restriction was placed on it due to its age.
In August 2019, the bridge was closed to vehicles and pedestrians for one year to repair the steel superstructure and replace the deck, but has been extended due to COVID-19 until March 19, 2022.
* Chestnut Street Bridge 1869
* Stereo image pair of the Chestnut Street Bridge c. 1865-1907

## In film

* In the 2007 film Shooter, FBI agent Nick Memphis (played by Michael Peña) is abducted while walking across the Chestnut Street Bridge.
* One episode of Hack was filmed on the bridge.
# Blaps

Blaps is a genus of darkling beetles in the family Tenebrionidae. There are more than 30 described species in Blaps, the genus being most commonly found in Eurasia and Australia, with occasional sightings elsewhere in the world.

## Species

These 38 species belong to the genus Blaps:
* Blaps abbreviata Menetries, 1836
* Blaps abdita Picka, 1978
* Blaps alternans Brulle, 1838
* Blaps bedeli Chatanay, 1914
* Blaps bipunctata Allard, 1880
* Blaps brevicornis Seidlitz, 1893
* Blaps foveicollis Allard, 1880
* Blaps gibba Laporte de Castelnau, 1840
* Blaps gigas (Linnaeus, 1767)
* Blaps graeca Solier, 1848
* Blaps halophila Fischer de Waldheim, 1820
* Blaps hispanica Solier, 1848
* Blaps holconota
* Blaps indagator Reiche, 1857
* Blaps kollari Seidlitz, 1893
* Blaps lethifera Marsham, 1802
* Blaps lusitanica Herbst, 1799
* Blaps milleri Seidlitz, 1893
* Blaps mortisaga (Linnaeus, 1758)
* Blaps mucronata Latreille, 1804 (cellar beetle)
* Blaps nitens Laporte de Castelnau, 1840
* Blaps ocreata Allard, 1880
* Blaps oertzeni Seidlitz, 1893
* Blaps orbicollis Motschulsky, 1845
* Blaps parvicollis Zoubkoff, 1829
* Blaps planicollis Motschulsky, 1845
* Blaps polychresta (Forskål, 1775)
* Blaps pruinosa Faldermann, 1833
* Blaps putrida Motschulsky, 1845
* Blaps robusta Motschulsky, 1845
* Blaps sinuaticollis Solier, 1848
* Blaps songorica Fischer de Waldheim, 1844
* Blaps splichali Gebien, 1913
* Blaps striola (Motschulsky, 1860)
* Blaps sulcata Laporte de Castelnau, 1840
* Blaps taeniolata Menetries, 1832
* Blaps tibialis Reiche, 1857
* Blaps waltli Seidlitz, 1893
# Diario de Barcelona

The Diario de Barcelona (catalán: Diari de Barcelona) (The Barcelona Journal) was a newspaper founded in 1792 in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. With a few interruptions it was published in paper form until 1994, and in digital form until 2009, making it one of the oldest newspapers in Europe. It has been called the most important newspaper in Barcelona's history, or the first real chronicle of Barcelona.

## History

Permission to publish a journal was granted to Pedro Husson de Lapazaran, a Neapolitan printer. It was written in Spanish and acted as an official journal, publishing official notices. Around the turn of the 18th century readers began to demand content in Catalan and during the period of Napoleonic rule it was temporarily published with parallel French and Catalan text.
After the War of Independence, on 6 June 1814, the right to publish passed to Antoni Brusi i Mirabent, and subsequently to his descendants, as a result of which it was popularly called El Brusi. The journal's politics were monarchist and liberal-conservative; this policy meant that it survived in the short term, but began to be less influential following a reduction in press censorship. Apart from a few Catalan poems, the language was mostly Castilian, like most of the Catalan press of the time. However because most readers used Catalan the paper had to provide explanations of some terms. Many Catalan writers (for example Joan Maragall) wrote in Castilian. A reduction in the level of censorship, other newspapers such as La Vanguardia (1881) and La Veu de Catalunya (1899)) challenged the pre-eminence of the Diario de Barcelona.
During the Civil War the paper was seized and transformed into the organ of the Estat Català, produced in Catalan by Marcel·lí Perelló i Domingo. After the war it reverted to its previous owners. From 21 October it re-emerged as a worker-run bilingual edition. The paper, ceased publication in 1984, was acquired by the city of Barcelona the following year and transferred to the Grupo Zeta. From 1986 it was published entirely in Catalan.
# Fiona O'Carroll

Fiona O'Carroll is an Irish actress and a cast-member of the BBC/RTÉ sitcom, Mrs. Brown's Boys. Fiona is the daughter of Doreen O'Carroll and Mrs. Brown's Boys star and creator, Brendan O'Carroll.

## Early life and family

O'Carroll was born in Dublin in Ireland. Her younger brothers are Danny and Eric.
O'Carroll's stepmother is the Irish actress Jennifer Gibney, the wife of her father, Brendan O'Carroll.

## Career

O'Carroll has been a cast member of Mrs. Brown's Boys portraying Maria Brown since its inception. She reprised her role in the 2014 film, Mrs. Brown's Boys D'Movie and the 2017 chat show All Round to Mrs. Brown's.
In 2014, O'Carroll was also in the ITV drama The Widower.
In September 2022, O'Carroll took part in the gruelling reality show TV Special Forces Ultimate Hellweek, a show which pushes contestants to their physical and mental limits. She described the experience as life-changing.
Later that year, O'Carroll starred as Gretchen Ackerman in the touring production of Coppers the Musical.
In 2023, O'Carroll starred in the award-winning Jason Branagan short film Picture Day.
Later in 2023, O'Carroll played the part of Linda in Western Front Studios' short film They Can't Know About Me, directed by Michael Carolan.

## Personal life

O'Carroll married her Mrs. Brown's Boys co-star, Martin Delany, who is originally from Australia, on 18 May 2006. They have four sons together. Three of her sons are autistic. In December 2021, she announced her split from Delany.
Delany now lives in Portugal following his divorce from O'Carroll. They were reunited during the Christmas of 2021.
O'Carroll has two nephews as her brother, Danny O'Carroll, has two sons.
In August 2017, O'Carroll completed a 260-mile walk from Cork to Belfast in aid of Billy's World, a charity for children with special needs.
Her aunt Fiona O'Carroll, a sister of her father, Brendan, died in 2020, in Canada.
# The Habit of Happiness

The Habit of Happiness is a 1916 American silent comedy film directed by Allan Dwan and filmed by cinematographer Victor Fleming. The film was written by Allan Dwan and Shannon Fife from a suggestion by D. W. Griffith and stars Douglas Fairbanks. A 16mm print of the film is preserved in a private collection.

## Cast

* Douglas Fairbanks as Sunny Wiggins
* George Fawcett as Jonathan Pepper
* Macey Harlam as Foster
* Dorothy West as Elsie Pepper
* George Backus as Mr. Wiggins
* Grace Rankin as Clarice Wiggins
* William Jefferson as Jones
* Margery Wilson - unconfirmed role
* Adolphe Menjou as Society Man (uncredited)

## Production notes

The Habit of Happiness was produced by The Fine Arts Film Company and distributed by Triangle Film Corporation. It was shot at the Riverdale Studios in Fort Lee, New Jersey.

## Reception

The Moving Picture World, March 25, 1916:
   The Habit of Happiness, a Fine Arts production featuring Douglas Fairbanks, is a story with a vital purpose and characterized by some delightful psychology and bright subtitles, but it is thrust upon the audience that the presentation is really a vehicle especially created for the talented star, a common enough fault, but one to be avoided where there Is so much good material as in this release. Interesting revelation of thought and emotion results from the efforts of "Sunny Wiggins," impersonated by Fairbanks, to brighten dull lives. The motive is pretty, and it is adequately handled, the accompanying subtitles fairly sparkling at times. We are following the fortunes of "Sunny Wiggins" In his amusing efforts with a serious purpose, when he starts to tell funny story. On the screen Is now Imprinted a publicity note wholly uncalled for, stating that the story told by Sunny Wiggins loses because Mr. Douglas Fairbanks is not telling It in person. That note should be cut out. From the moment of its appearance artistry takes wing and along with it, any further interest in the affairs of Sunny Wiggins. Either cut it out or add another screen announcement, giving the name and address of the tailor employed by Mr. Fairbanks, but the story is good enough to preserve by the elimination of all that does not pertain to in the telling.
The Postal Record, 1916:
   The other night I wandered Into a moving picture show, and the screen play, by the way, was The Habit of Happiness, with Douglas Fairbanks In the leading role. No man can see that remarkable picture and remain a grouch. It Is better than all the pills and medicine and good advice in the world. If you want a real laugh that should last a lifetime see this screen play. Letter carriers, like other men, need a tonic at times. Try this one.
Woman's Home Companion, June, 1916:
   A funny picture in which the hero, Sunny Wiggins, a good-natured boy with no business ability, succeeds because of his good humor. The role is admirably adapted to Douglas Fairbanks's cheerful personality.
# Gaius Fufius Geminus (consul AD 29)

Gaius Fufius Geminus (died AD 29) was a Roman senator who lived during the Principate. He was ordinary consul in the year 29 with Lucius Rubellius Geminus as his colleague. Geminus was the son of Gaius Fufius Geminus.
A portion of his cursus honorum is known from an inscription recovered from Montefano in Italia, which recognized Geminus as the patron of the colony. Geminus began his senatorial career as a quaestor for the emperor Tiberius; after this he was the emperor's designate for the Republican office of plebeian tribune. Around this time, definitely before he acceded to the consulate, Geminus was admitted to the septemviri epulonum, one of the four most prestigious ancient Roman priesthoods.
According to Lactantius, Fufius Geminus was consul along with "Ruberius Geminus" the year that Jesus of Nazareth was crucified.
According to Tacitus, Geminus owed his successes in his senatorial career to the empress Livia, the mother of Tiberius. Tacitus also describes Geminus as "a man well-fitted to win the affection of a woman", and witty, and "accustomed to ridicule Tiberius with those bitter jests the powerful remember so long." Once Livia died, in the year of his consulate, Geminus was prosecuted for treason. According to Dio Cassius, upon being accused of majestas Geminus stood in the Senate chamber, and read his will to the assembled body wherein he left his inheritance in equal portions to his children and the emperor. Thereupon he was charged with being a coward, and he responded by returning home before a vote on the charges was taken. When the quaestor arrived to see to his execution, Geminus slit his wrists saying, "Report to the senate that it is thus one dies who is a man." After his death, his wife Mutilia Prisca entered the Senate House where she killed herself with a dagger she had brought in secretly with her.