OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Leo Singer

Leopold von Singer (May 3, 1877 – March 5, 1951) was an Austrian-born American manager of an entertainment troupe called Singer's Midgets, that were a popular vaudeville group in the first half of the twentieth century. He was responsible for casting many performers in the iconic 1939 film The Wizard of Oz.
Singer was born to a prominent family in Vienna, Austria. He was reportedly inspired to form Singer's Midgets in 1912 or 1913, after he and his daughter Trudy were entertained by a troupe of "midgets" (dwarfs) at the Vienna Prater.

## The Singer Midgets

Leopold Singer and his wife Walberga recruited midgets (later called "little people") for his own troupe, The Singer Midgets, and began building the Liliputstadt, a "midget city" at the "Venice in Vienna" amusement park, where they could perform. Singer mainly sought out little people with proportionately-sized body parts – generally called "midgets", thus the name of the troupe – so that they could move and dance with ease.
The Liliputstadt was a major success, Singer began to tour with his performers throughout Europe and, in the process, recruited new members. After World War I broke out, the troupe traveled to the United States, and remained there for the remainder of the act's existence. They performed in vaudeville theaters. Because he was Austrian, the Bureau of Investigation (later the FBI) investigated Singer during World War I. In the end, the agents agreed with Singer’s claim that the accusations against him were based on “professional jealousy.” During the 1930s, some of Singer's Midgets began appearing in films, such as Tarzan the Ape Man (1932), They Gave Him a Gun (1937), Block-Heads (1938), and The Terror of Tiny Town, a 1938 Western with an all-dwarf cast. Also in 1938, Singer signed a contract with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer to provide 124 actors and stand-ins to play Munchkins in The Wizard of Oz (1939). Some of the members of his troupe formed a portion of the group, and he traveled throughout the United States to recruit others.
Singer was a somewhat controversial figure in his day. The actor Billy Curtis once noted that Singer "had a reputation for cheating his midgets." During the filming of The Wizard of Oz, Singer reportedly kept half of his performers' weekly pay. Nevertheless, his troupe members often spoke positively of him. Nita Krebs said that he "always treated his people fine," and Grace Williams said, "He had private tutors to give them an education. He treated them fine and gave them beautiful hotel suites." Fern Formica recalled, "He was like a father. He was a good man." A number of Singer's Midgets affectionately referred to their manager as "Papa."
The Singer Midgets disbanded in the mid-1940s, with many members either returning home to their native Europe or professionally joining the Ringling Bros. Barnum & Bailey Circus tours.

## Death

Singer retired to New York City in the mid 1940s. He died there on March 5, 1951 at the age of 73.
# Kukere

"Kukere" (Efik: "Don't think/worry") is a song by Nigerian singer Iyanya. It was released as the lead single from his second studio album, Desire (2013). Upon release, the song peaked at number one on Top FM's May Chart, Soundcity's Viewers Choice, Rhythm FM, and The Beat 99.9 FM's Blackberry Top Ten Countdown. Moreover, it peaked at number two on Radio Port Harcourt. "Kukere" won Hottest Single of the Year at 2013 Nigeria Entertainment Awards and Best Pop Single at The Headies 2012.

## Background

CEO Dancers performed the song during their performance on Britain's Got Talent. Cokobar and Iyanya organized the Kukere Queen Competition in order to better promote the album in London. The competition required participants to submit a dancing video of themselves along with three justifications for why they should win.

## Accolades

| Year | Awards ceremony | Award description(s) | Results |
| 2013 | Nigeria Entertainment Awards | Hottest Single of the Year | Won |
| 2013 | City People Entertainment Awards | Most Popular Song of the Year | Nominated |
| 2012 | Nigeria Music Video Awards (NMVA) | Best Contemporary Afro (Live Beats choice) | Nominated |
| 2012 | The Headies | Best Pop Single | Won |
| 2012 | The Headies | Song of the Year | Nominated |

## Kukere (Remix)

The remix of "Kukere" was made available on August 20, 2012; it features vocals by D'banj and serves as the album's third single. The track reprises the original song's hook and instrumental.

### Background

In an interview with Toolz, Iyanya said D'banj reached out to him to do the remix and that he was honored to work with the singer. Iyanya also stated that the remix would have a music video; however, the video was never made or published.

### Critical reception

The remix of "Kukere" received positive reviews from music critics. Jaguda's Ayo Jaguda praised Iyanya for releasing "one of the biggest dance track ever made" and commended D'Tunes for "the crazy beat". Damilare Aiki of BellaNaija said the song "became a national anthem" after being released and that it was "a breath of fresh air". Demola OG of NotJustOk characterized the song as a "huge national track" and commended both Iyanya and D'banj for recording the song.
# Four Sigmatic

Four Sigmatic is a Finnish-American functional foods company. The company is headquartered in Los Angeles, California. Four Sigmatic sells various coffee products, plant-based proteins, wellness supplements, beauty products, and other so-called superfood products.

## History

The company's predecessor LUONTOlife was founded in 2011 by Finnish entrepreneurs Tero Isokauppila, Mikko Revonniemi and Mika Rantanen. LUONTOlife was based in Hong Kong, and sold blenders, mushroom elixirs, herbal extracts, and raw honey under the Four Sigma Foods brand name. In 2014, Isokauppila founded a new US based company Funguys, Inc.
In 2015, alongside original LUONTOlife employees Mikael Makinen and Markus Karjalainen, the company launched in the U.S. In the same year, the company launched its flagship Mushroom Coffee product and moved its headquarters to Santa Monica, CA. In 2016, the company rebranded as Four Sigmatic.
In 2018 the company received a round of private funding from investors.
As of 2021, the company's products are available in 65 countries.
Isokauppila was chosen twice as one of the world's Top 50 Food Activists by the Academy of Culinary Nutrition.
# Christine Barber

Christine P. Barber is a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives. Barber sworn in January 2015. A resident of Somerville, Massachusetts, she was elected as a Democrat to represent the 34th Middlesex district. Barber is a former health care policy analyst and a member of the Somerville Democratic Committee.
In 2025, she opposed construction of a two-building dorm at 401 Boston Ave. to house nearly 700 Tufts upperclassmen.
# Miguel Mostto

Miguel Ángel Mostto Fernández-Prada, or Miguel Mostto (born 11 November 1977) is a Peruvian former professional footballer who played as a striker.

## Club career

Mostto was born in Ica, Peru. He was signed by Barnsley on a two-year deal from Cienciano for a fee thought to be in the region of £350,000 to £400,000, the largest transfer fee paid by Barnsley since signing Neil Shipperley in 1999. He scored his first goal for Barnsley in a friendly with Barnsley winning 3–1 win over Buxton. His first league goal came in a 1–1 home draw against Burnley.
On 12 February 2008, Mostto left for his homeland to join up with former club Coronel Bolognesi on loan, but returned to Oakwell in time for the start of the 2008–09 Football League Championship season.
Mostto left Barnsley in October to return home to tend to his ill son. Reds boss Simon Davey granted the Peruvian indefinite leave to be with him.
Mostto bagged his second goal in Barnsley colours in the 2–1 win over Watford with a neat finish which would tie the game at 1–1 before Stephen Foster's winner. He then left Barnsley to return to Peru with Total Chalaco on 7 January 2009 for an undisclosed fee.

## International career

Mostto was called up to the provisional Peru national team squad for Copa América 2007, but he was forced to pull out of the squad due to his transfer to Barnsley.

## Honours

Cienciano
* Recopa Sudamericana: 2004
* Torneo Apertura: 2005
* Torneo Clausura: 2006
# Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University

Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine (京都大学大学院医学研究科・医学部) is one of the schools at Kyoto University. The Faculty and the Graduate School operate as one.
According to the QS World University Rankings for Medicine 2020, Kyoto University is ranked second in Japan after the University of Tokyo.
Professor Shinya Yamanaka received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for his work on iPS cells. Also, Prof. Emer. Tasuku Honjo, who is also a graduate of Kyoto University, won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2018 for his discovery and theory of immune checkpoint inhibitors.

## History

In 1899, College of Medicine (医科大学) and its hospital (now Kyoto University Hospital [ja]) was established Imperial University of Kyoto. In 1919, The college is renamed Faculty of Medicine (医学部).
Established in 1939, the School of Medicine's Department of Pharmacy became an independent Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences in 1960.
In 2003, the Health Sciences (now Human Health Sciences) Department was added.

## Organization

The Faculty has two undergraduate courses and four graduate courses.

### Faculty of Medicine

Faculty of Medicine has two undergraduate courses.
* Medicine (医学科) - 6-year Undergraduate medical school
* Human Health Sciences (人間健康科学科) - 4-year undergraduate course in health sciences

### Graduate School of Medicine

Graduate School of Medicine has 4 graduate courses.
* Medicine and Medical Science (医学・医科学専攻) - Master's and Doctor's
* Public Health (社会健康医学系専攻) - Master of Public Health and Doctor's
* Human Health Sciences (人間健康科学系専攻) - Master's and Doctor's
* Kyoto-McGill International Collaborative Program in Genomic Medicine (京都大学・マギル大学ゲノム医学国際連携専攻) - Doctor's

### Kyoto University Hospital

Kyoto University Hospital [ja] (京都大学医学部附属病院) is a Clinical Research Core Hospital designated by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare.

## Kyoto University School of Public Health

Kyoto University School of Public Health (SPH, 京都大学 大学院医学研究科 社会健康医学系専攻), established in 2000, is Japan's oldest public health professional school. It is a division of the Graduate School of Medicine.
SPH has double degree agreements with Chulalongkorn University and Mahidol University in Thailand, Universiti Malaya in Malaysia, and National Taiwan University in Taiwan.

## College of Medical Technology

College of Medical Technology, Kyoto University (京都大学医療技術短期大学部) was a junior college of nursing, medical laboratory science, physiotherapy, occupational therapy, and midwifery. The college was absorbed into the Faculty and Graduate School in 2007.

## Alumni association

* Shirankai (芝蘭会) - Medical Student Alumni
* Shiryokai (紫緑会) - Health Science Student Alumni
# Karen Machover

Sophie Karen Alper (September 12, 1902 – January 22, 1996) was a Russian-born American psychologist better known as Karen Machover.

## Early life and education

Sophie Karen Alper was born on September 12, 1902, in Minsk in the Russian Empire. She migrated to the Lower East Side of Manhattan, New York City, with her parents in 1910. Both her parents died by the time she was 8 years old. With little assistance from relatives, she was self-supporting by the age of 12. She graduated from elementary school with honors at the age of 12 and completed a high school equivalency. She earned a bachelor of arts from New York University in 1929 and a master of arts from the New York University School of Education. She conducted doctoral studies at Columbia University in the mid-1930s but never completed the degree.

## Career

As a young clinician at Bellevue Hospital, Machover (then: Karen Alper) collaborated with other Marxist activists to found the Psychologists League. It was a Popular Front group with liberal, socialist and communist members that agitated for jobs and better treatment for psychologists
Late in her career, Machover embraced feminism and rejected Freudian Theory which she had previously embraced.

## Personal life

Alper married Solomon Machover in 1936. Together, they had one son, Robert Machover.

## Publications

* Personality Projection In The Drawing Of The Human Figure (A Method of Personality Investigation). CHARLES C. THOMAS • PUBLISHER. First Edition, First Printing, 1949; First Edition, Second Printing, 1950 Internet Archive Aces. aug. 2019
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 998

United Nations Security Council resolution 998, adopted on 16 June 1995, after reaffirming all resolutions on the conflicts in the former Yugoslavia, in particular Resolution 982 (1994), the council established a rapid reaction force of up to 12,500 personnel within the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) in Bosnia and Herzegovina following attacks on it and the overall deteriorating situation.
A letter received from the Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali on 9 June 1995 included proposals from France, the Netherlands and United Kingdom to strengthen UNPROFOR by the creation of a rapid reaction force within it. The rapid reaction force would form an integral part of the existing peacekeeping operation and that UNPROFOR would remain impartial. The council was concerned by the continuing armed hostilities in Bosnia and Herzegovina and that a further ceasefire was not agreed. Attacks on UNPROFOR and civilians by Bosnian Serb forces were condemned.
Acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, the Council demanded that Bosnian Serb forces release all detained UNPROFOR personnel and that all parties respect the safety of UNPROFOR. The conflict would not be resolved through military means and negotiations had to begin, reiterating that the Bosnian Serb side accept the Contact Group peace plan as a starting point. A complete ceasefire, cessation of hostilities and unimpeded access to humanitarian organisations, particularly to the safe areas and Sarajevo, was demanded. The resolution called on the parties to respect the safety of civilians and the status of the safe areas.
It was then decided to increase the size of UNPROFOR by an additional 12,500 personnel, an increase of over 50%, as provided for in the letter of the Secretary-General. Any further changes should consider the security of the force and reduce the danger to which they were exposed.
China and Russia abstained from the voting on Resolution 998 after expressing concern that UNPROFOR should remain a strictly peacekeeping force, which was approved by the other members of the council.
# Frances Perkins Branch Library

The Frances Perkins Branch Library, formerly known as the Greendale Branch Library, is a branch library in the public library system of Worcester, Massachusetts. It is located at 470 West Boylston Street, in an architecturally distinguished building, funded in part by Andrew Carnegie and built in 1913. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

## Architecture and history

The library is located on Worcester north side, and is set on the east side of West Boylston Street (Massachusetts Route 12), on the corner of Kendrick Avenue. It is a single story masonry structure, finished in brick with limestone trim. It has a tile hipped roof with modillioned eave. Its main facade has a projecting central pavilion in which the main entrance is set, flanked by Corinthian pilasters and topped by a semicircular pediment.
Worcester's public library was established in 1859, begun with donated collections and initially stored in a central library on Elm Street. In 1895 the city established a delivery point for books at a shop in the Greendale area, an idea that was expanded to other areas after it met with success. After a drive began in 1908 to establish branch libraries, the city received a gift of $75,000 from the steel baron and philanthropist Andrew Carnegie, which was used in the construction of three branches, including this one. It was designed by Lucius W. Briggs, of the L. W. Briggs Company, and was completed in 1913. The branch was renamed in 1994 in honor of Frances Perkins, the first female member of the United States Cabinet and a resident of Worcester during her youth. Perkins served as the United States Secretary of Labor from 1933 to 1945, through the entire presidency of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, leading the department through the Great Depression and World War II.
# Frances and Isabella Apartments

The Frances and Isabella Apartments are historic apartments at 430-432 and 434-436 Dudley Street in Boston, Massachusetts. They are a pair of three-story brick buildings, with distinctive corner towers with conical roofs, built with Queen Anne styling in 1887. Originally with two apartments per floor, they were subdivided further in 1952, and converted to lodging rooms in 1981. In the early 2000s the floor plan was again altered, to more closely resemble the 1952 plan.
The apartments were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.
# No. 665 Squadron RCAF

No. 665 "Air Observation Post" Squadron, RCAF was formed in England during the Second World War. It was manned principally by Royal Canadian Artillery (RCA) and Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) personnel, with select British artillery pilots briefly seconded to assist in squadron formation. Numbers 651 to 663 Squadrons of the RAF were air observation post units working closely with Army units in artillery spotting and liaison. A further three of these squadrons – Nos. 664, 665 and 666 – were RCAF AOP squadrons manned by Canadian and British personnel.

## History
### Formation

The squadron was formed on 22 January 1945 at RAF Andover as an RCAF unit – albeit not in the 'Article XI' sequence of squadron numbers, but in a 'normal' British sequence – its principal role being to direct artillery fire from the air. The pilots were officers recruited from the Royal Canadian Artillery and trained to fly at 22 E.F.T.S. (Elementary Flying Training School) Cambridge, further developing advanced flying skills at No. 43 Operational Training Unit RAF (43 OTU), RAF Andover. The first commanding officer was Major Dave Ely, RCA. The operational commanding officer selected to take the squadron to war was Captain G.A. 'Tony' Eaton, MC, RCA; Eaton was killed in a flying mishap near RAF Middle Wallop on the night of 1 March 1945. Major Norbert Reilander, RCA, from No. 664 Squadron RCAF, was chosen to take command of 665 Squadron in the first week of March 1945. The squadron operated in England under the overall control of No. 70 Group, RAF Fighter Command; prior to deployment to the European continent the squadron was transferred to No. 84 Group, RAF Second Tactical Air Force (2 TAF).

### On operations

The squadron began deploying to the Netherlands on 19 April, arriving at B-77 Gilze-Rijen airport on 21 April 1945. The principal aircraft flown in action was the Taylorcraft Auster Mk.V. 'B' Flight of 665 (AOP) Squadron, RCAF, was credited with firing the last Canadian shot of the war in Europe at Dunkirk, France, on 7 May 1945. After V-E Day on 8 May 1945, the squadron was tasked with flying mail and passengers for First Canadian Army, while one section and its aircraft was seconded to Allied Headquarters at Frankfurt, Germany, for U.S. Intelligence duties. No. 665 (AOP) Squadron, RCAF, was disbanded at 'JOE' airfield, Apeldoorn, the Netherlands, on 10 July 1945. The squadron had no official motto or heraldic badge assigned to it.
The squadron was reformed as unit of the British Army's Army Air Corps on 1 October 1969 called 665 Aviation Squadron AAC.

### Aircrew or not?

Formation of the three Canadian war-time AOP squadrons was historically the first example of 'unification of services,' a generation before the Canadian Forces experienced total unification. These, however, were not 'co-operation squadrons.' Although 665 squadron's trained aircrew observers acquitted themselves admirably in aerial action against the enemy, aircrew associations across Canada did not grant membership to AOP observers, as those aircrew were not officially issued with cloth wings during the war.
# Klara Sierońska

Klara Sierońska-Kostrzewa (28 July 1913 – 20 July 1990) was a Polish gymnast. She competed in the women's artistic team all-around event at the 1936 Summer Olympics.
# Jake Brown

Jake Brown may refer to:
* Jake Brown (skateboarder) (born 1974), Australian skateboarder
* Jake Brown (cricketer) (born 1985), Australian cricketer
* Jake Brown (baseball) (1948–1981), Major League Baseball player
* Jake Brown (biathlete) (born 1992), American biathlete
* Jake Brown (football) (born c. 1996), English footballer and television personality
# Francis Deane Cottage

The Francis Deane Cottage is an historic house located at 52 North Main Street, in Uxbridge, Massachusetts. The 1+1⁄2 story wood-frame house was built c. 1845–55, most likely for its first occupant, a local lawyer named Francis Deane. The house is a well preserved local instance of Greek Revival styling, with a pedimented gable that projects over a porch that is supported by Doric columns. The main entry is framed by sidelight windows and panelled stiles, and is topped by a decorative panel.
On October 7, 1983, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.
# John Clerk Maxwell of Middlebie

John Clerk (later Clerk Maxwell) of Middlebie FRSE (1790–1856) was a Scottish advocate and father of the mathematical physicist James Clerk Maxwell.

## Life

He was born in Edinburgh on 10 November 1790, the son of Janet Irving and Captain James Clerk. He studied law and qualified as an advocate in 1811.
He inherited the Middlebie estate in Dumfriesshire from his grandmother Dorothea Clerk Maxwell upon her death in 1793; and assumed the additional surname of Maxwell. He built a new mansion designed by Walter Newall on his estate in Kirkcudbrightshire at Glenlair.
He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1821, his proposer being Sir George Steuart Mackenzie.
In the 1830s he is recorded as living at 14 India Street in Edinburgh's Second New Town, which is where James Clerk Maxwell was born.
He died on 3 April 1856. He is buried in Parton in Kirkcudbrightshire.

## Family

He was the brother of Sir George Clerk of Penicuik, and brother-in-law of James Wedderburn.
He married Frances Hodshon Cay, daughter of Robert Hodshon Cay and Elizabeth Liddell. Their children included the mathematical physicist James Clerk Maxwell.
His brother-in-law was John Cay.