OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pillar of Fire (ballet)

Pillar of Fire is a 30-minute dramatic ballet choreographed by Antony Tudor to Arnold Schoenberg's Verklärte Nacht (Transfigured Night), Op. 4.

## Performance history

The work was first produced by Ballet Theatre (now the American Ballet Theatre) at the Metropolitan Opera House on 8 April 1942. The opening-night cast included Nora Kaye as Hagar, Antony Tudor as the Young man, Hugh Laing as the Man in the house across the way, Lucia Chase as the Eldest Sister, Annabelle Lyon as the Youngest Sister, Maria Karnilova, Charles Dickson, Jan Davidson, John Kriza, Virginia Wilcox, Wallace Seibert, Jean Hunt, Barbara Fallis, Sono Osato, Rosella Hightower, Muriel Bentley, Jerome Robbins, Donald Saddler, Frank Hobi, Balina Razoumova, and Roszika Sabo.

## Synopsis

American Ballet Theatre describes it in full extensive detail in its archives. The setting is a small country town in 1900 (perhaps in Schoenberg's Austria). Hagar, the middle of three sisters, whose elder sister is a spinster, foresees the same fate for herself. Hagar is surrounded on the one side by the prude and judging neighboring women of the small town, and on the other by licentious men and their hedonistic women. The man she unrequitedly loves seems to show preference for her flirtatious younger sister.
Hagar in desperation gives herself sexually to one of the licentious men, whom she definitely does not love, and who then immediately leaves her abandoned. Afterwards she is shunned by the prude and judging women and is totally distraught by what she has done. This resulting crisis, however, unites her with the one she really loves - the man she loves comes to her, and they dance together rapturously.
The ballet is set in the period around 1900 because it was then that Schoenberg composed its music Verklärte Nacht ("Transfigured Night"). The story plot is based on several traditional text versions - in some versions Hagar becomes pregnant before her true love finally comes to her.

## An actual performance

An actual American Ballet Theatre performance, together with spoken brief remarks by Antony Tudor, is available on YouTube.

## Legacy

This ballet was documented in Labanotation by the Dance Notation Bureau in 1982.
# Osvald Käpp

Osvald Käpp (17 February 1905 – 22 December 1995) was an Estonian wrestler who competed in freestyle and Greco-Roman lightweight events at the 1924, 1928 and 1932 Summer Olympics. He won the freestyle contest in 1928 and served as the Olympic flag bearer for Estonia in 1932. He also won two medals in Greco-Roman wrestling at the European championships in 1926–27.
Käpp trained as a gymnast and basketball player before changing to wrestling in 1923. In 1929, during the Great Depression, he immigrated to New York City, and won the AAU Greco-Roman (1929) and freestyle titles (1930–31). He retired in 1931, but was convinced to compete in the 1932 Summer Olympics, as Estonia could not afford sending an Olympic team to Los Angeles and was recruiting Estonians living in the United States (only Käpp and Alfred Maasik agreed). Lack of preparation took its toll, and Käpp was eliminated after three rounds in both freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestling.
Käpp was a pastry-chef. While living in Tallinn he worked at a candy factory and later opened a bakery in New York.
# L&S

L&S may refer to:
* L&S, commonly known as Leedy & Strupe, a company formed after the purchase of the Leedy Manufacturing Company
* Laverne & Shirley, an American television situation comedy
* Lilo & Stitch, Disney franchise
* the Lehigh and Susquehanna Railroad, a defunct railroad in Pennsylvania
* A Latin Dictionary, often referred to as "Lewis and Short"
* Lucas & Steve, a Dutch EDM duo
# Hassan Soufan

Hassan Soufan (Arabic: حسن صوفان; born 1977), also known by his nom de guerre as Abu al-Bara (Arabic: أبو البراء), is a Syrian rebel leader who participated in the Syrian Civil War. He is currently serving as the governor of Latakia Governorate since 17 December 2024. He was appointed as the leader of Ahrar al-Sham and held the position from July 2017 until his resignation in August 2018. He also served as the general commander of the Syrian Liberation Front, assuming the post in early 2018.

## Biography
### Early life

Hassan Soufan was born in the year 1977 in the coastal Syrian city of Latakia and had fully memorized the Quran at a young age.

### Pre-war activities

Soufan had received a degree in economics from the Tishreen University. He had lived in Saudi Arabia and studied Islamic theology while there under scholars including Muhammad ibn al Uthaymeen and Abdullah Ibn Jibreen, until Soufan's arrest in 2005 by Saudi authorities and deportation back to Syria. Upon returning to Syria he was held in the Sednaya Prison and took part in a riot there in 2008 taking several guards hostage and later negotiated their release with Syrian officials, during his time in prison he associated with factions in the prison that would later go on to form al-Nusra and ISIL. A former fellow prisoner who knew Soufan who has become an activist has described Soufan as a moderate saying he disagrees with the approaches and positions taken by al-Nusra and ISIL but does not intend to fight them or any other Islamic factions and he is against infighting, and views issue such as Takfir as among the most complex issues in Islamic theology. The activist also claimed that Soufan's ideology is the same as Ahrar al-Sham's early leadership.

### Syrian Civil War

He was released from prison in late-December 2016 following a prisoner swap between the Syrian government and the rebels, and was appointed the leader of Ahrar al-Sham in mid-2017. He has promised a revival of Ahrar al-Sham and has blamed the former leadership of the group for its decline. In 2018 he was made the general commander of the Syrian Liberation Front, a merger of Ahrar al-Sham and the Nour al-Din al-Zenki Movement which later came into conflict with Hayat Tahrir al-Sham shortly after its formation in February 2018. In August 2018 he resigned from his position as the leader of Ahrar al-Sham.
In May 2019, he resigned from his position as the leader of the National Front for Liberation as well as his position in Ahrar al-Sham for unknown reasons, he stated the reasons were personal, he also stated he was committed to fighting and would continue to participate in the Syrian Civil War.

### Governor of Latakia Governorate

Following the fall of the Assad regime in December 2024, Soufan was appointed governor of Latakia Governorate on 17 December by Syria's new authorities.
# Geavdnjajávri

Geavdnjajávri is a lake in Bardu Municipality in Troms county, Norway. It is located inside Rohkunborri National Park, just 3.5 km (2.2 mi) from the border with Sweden. The lake has an area of 18.85 km$^2$ (7.28 sq mi) and is 540 m (1,770 ft) above sea level.
The lake empties in the river Gulmmaeeatnu, which flows into the lake Leinavatn, then to the lake Altevatnet. Altevatnet empties into the river Barduelva which flows into the river Målselva.
# Padule di Fucecchio massacre

The Padule di Fucecchio massacre (Italian: Eccidio del Padule di Fucecchio) was the murder of at least 174 Italian civilians, carried out by the 26th Panzer Division at Padule di Fucecchio [it], a large wetland north of Fucecchio, Tuscany, on 23 August 1944. After the war, the commander of the 26th Panzer Division was sentenced for war crimes, but the men who carried out the massacre were not convicted until 2011 and none served any jail time. The massacre has been described as "one of the worst Nazi atrocities in Italy".

## Massacre

The massacre was carried out as a reprisal for the wounding of two German soldiers by Italian partisans. An Italian military court was later told that the Germans had rounded up 94 men, 63 women and 27 children and murdered them with machine gun fire. According to the prosecutor, the murders were committed "in cold blood, looking the innocent in the eyes". An Italian historian described the massacre as "not a reprisal but an operation of total desertification".

## Prosecution
### Initial investigation

British military police Sergeant Charles Edmondson investigated the massacre in 1945. He took statements from survivors. This evidence was used decades later, after Edmondson's death in 1985, in the prosecution of some of the perpetrators.
Edmondson established that the massacre was carried out by soldiers of the 26th Panzer Division. The division was commanded by Eduard Crasemann at the time, who was sentenced to 10 years' imprisonment for war crimes by a British military court. He died in a West German prison in 1950.

### Trial

In 2011, a military court in Italy tried four of the suspected perpetrators and found three of them guilty while the fourth one died during the trial. Ernst Pistor (Captain), Fritz Jauss (Warrant officer), and Johan Robert Riss (Sergeant) were found guilty while Gerhard Deissmann died before the sentencing, aged 100. The three were unlikely to serve time in jail because Germany was not obliged to extradite them. None of the three showed any remorse for their action. Some of the perpetrators of the massacre were also accused of participating in the murder of the family of Robert Einstein.

### Compensation

Marco De Paolis, the military prosecutor in the case, asked Germany to pay €14 million in compensation to 32 relatives of the victims but Germany denied liability, citing immunity agreements with Italy in 1947 and 1961.

## Commemoration

In 2015, the Italian Foreign Minister, Paolo Gentiloni, together with his German counterpart Frank-Walter Steinmeier, who would later serve as President of Germany, opened a Documentation Centre on the Padule di Fucecchio Massacre. The official press release by the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation puts the number of victims in the massacre at 175.
# Assegai

An assegai or assagai is a polearm used for throwing, usually a light spear or javelin made up of a wooden handle with an iron tip.

## Area of use

The use of various types of the assegai was widespread all over Africa and it was the most common weapon used before the introduction of firearms. The Zulu, Xhosa, and other Nguni tribes of South Africa were renowned for their use of the assegai.

## Iklwa

Shaka of the Zulu popularized the use of the shorter stabbing spear with a 610 mm (24 in) shaft and a larger, broader blade 300 mm (12 in) long in warfare, which was traditionally used primarily as a hunting spear. This weapon is otherwise known as the iklwa or ixwa, after the sound that was heard as it was withdrawn from the victim's wound. The traditional spear was not abandoned, but was thrown from range at enemy formations before closing in for close quarters battle with the iklwa. This tactical combination originated during Shaka's military reforms. This weapon was typically used with one hand while the off-hand held a cowhide shield for protection.

## Botany

It is also the name of a southern African tree (Curtisia dentata) whose wood was suitable for making spears or lances, most notably by the Bantu-speaking people of southern Africa.
# Vidovec

Vidovec may refer to:
* Vidovec, Varaždin County, a village and municipality west of Varaždin, Croatia
* Vidovec Krapinski, a village near Krapina, Croatia
* Vidovec Petrovski, a village near Krapina, Croatia
* Vidovec, Zagreb, a settlement in the Podsljeme district north of Zagreb, Croatia, previously known as Vidovec Čučerski
* Donji Vidovec, a village and municipality east of Čakovec, Croatia
* Gornji Vidovec, a former village near Ivanovec, Croatia
# DSCN

DSCN is an abbreviation which may refer to -
* Digital Still Capture Nikon
* Data Set Change Notice (in UK National Health service), sometimes also DSC Notice
* Deep Space Communications Network, more often Deep Space Network
* Danish Society for the Conservation of Nature (Danmarks Naturfredningsforening)
* Digital Scan (ASCII)
* Dispersion-Strengthened Cupro-Nickel
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 152

United Nations Security Council Resolution 152, adopted on August 23, 1960, after examining the application of the Republic of the Congo for membership in the United Nations the Council recommended to the General Assembly that the Republic of the Congo be admitted.
The resolution was approved by all 11 members of the Council.
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 295

United Nations Security Council Resolution 295, was adopted unanimously on August 3, 1971. After receiving a letter from the Permanent Representative of Guinea, a country led by Ahmed Sékou Touré, the Council affirmed its territorial integrity and independence and decided to send a mission of three members of the Council to Guinea to consult with the authorities and report of the situation immediately. The mission was to be appointed after consultation between the president of the Council and the Secretary-General.
The request for this resolution from the Government of Guinea came after a series of cross border incursions by the Portuguese led colonial government of Portuguese Guinea in early 1971, against PAIGC independentist guerrilla bases in Guinea and the regime of the country which supported and was giving shelter to their leaders. This in turn came a year after the invasion of Guinea's capital, Conakry, (Operation Green Sea) on 22 November 1970 by Portuguese-led forces that rescued Portuguese Army's POWs and destroyed military assets of the guerrillas. These attacks ceased, but border tensions continued until Guinea-Bissau's independence on September 10, 1974 due to the events of the Carnation Revolution in Lisbon, on April 25, 1974.
# MarqTran

The Marquette County Transit Authority (MarqTran) is a public bus system located in Marquette County, Michigan, United States, that provides basic transportation needs to people throughout the county. The authority is the county's only mass transit system.

## Routes

MarqTran operates almost everywhere in Marquette County. The daily service routes in Marquette County are:
* Ishpeming/Negaunee/Marquette: service from the Ishpeming Senior Center in Ishpeming to Marquette with stops along the way in Negaunee, Negaunee Township and Marquette Township.
* Ishpeming Shopper's Shuttle: loop through downtown Ishpeming including stops at the Valente Medical Center.
* Marquette/Sawyer/Gwinn: loop from Marquette down M-553 to K.I. Sawyer, Gwinn and over to US 41 through the Skandia area to Harvey and back to Marquette.
* Negaunee Shuttle: a loop through the downtown and surrounding area of Negaunee with service to the adjacent downtown of Ishpeming.
* Marquette Trowbridge Park: a loop between the MarqTran facility, Northern Michigan University (NMU), UP Health System - Marquette (UPHS), and Trowbridge Park.
* Marquette North/Mall: service between downtown Marquette and the Westwood Mall.
* Marquette North: service between NMU, the Peninsula Medical Center, UPHS and downtown areas.
* Marquette South: service on the south side of town between Econo Foods, the Jacobetti Veterans Facility and neighbors of South Marquette.
* Marquette Shopper Shuttle: provides service between Walmart, Super One Foods/Westwood Mall, Target, and Goodwill.
The following routes do not operate daily:
* Marquette/Gwinn/Palmer: a loop on Fridays only through Marquette, Gwinn and up M-35 to Palmer back to Marquette.
* Western Marquette County: a route from Marquette to Koski Korners (corner of US 41/M-28 and M-95 and Republic.

## Other information

MarqTran buses are unmistakable blue and white buses that travel throughout Marquette County. MarqTran offers rides to students in the Marquette Area for half-fare.
The bus station is located on Commerce Drive behind the Westwood Mall, next to Wright Street. The former bus station in downtown Marquette is home of the Marquette County Historical Society Museum.
MarqTran offers door to door services, at a nominal price.
They also connect to Indian Trails regional bus transportation, which connects to Escanaba and points north.

## Facilities

* Downtown Transfer Center opened in 2012 at 150 West Spring Street, Marquette.
* Marquette Station located at 1325 Commerce Drive in Marquette Township; the facility also serves Indian Trails buses.
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 358

United Nations Security Council Resolution 358, adopted unanimously on 15 August 1974, deeply concerned about the continuing violence and bloodshed in Cyprus and deploring the non-compliance with resolution 357, the Council recalled its previous resolutions on the matter and insisted on their full implementation and that all parties immediately and strictly observe the cease-fire.
# Sri Lanka Railways S8

Sri Lanka Railways S8 is a class of Diesel multiple unit (DMU) train set made by Hitachi and Hyundai operated by Sri Lanka Railways. They were imported to Sri Lanka in 1991 and primarily runs on the Kelani Valley Line.

## History

This class was introduced 12 years after the previous S7 DMU was imported. 20 train sets were ordered in order to strengthen the DMU fleet of Sri Lanka Railways.

## Technical specifications

The Class S8 has four passenger compartments, including a dummy control unit. There are no vestibules between the compartments, giving the DMU a better ability to run through sharp curves such as those on the Kelani Valley Line.
The complete S8 DMU has a total axle load of 17,500 kilograms (38,600 lb).
Owing to the high power of the engine, this DMU has a higher acceleration rate and also can be used for multiple unit working. The Class S8 only has third class accommodations as it is primarily used for commuter services.
Formations :
| Formation | Number of Cars | Key |
| DPC + 4 TC + DTC | 6 | DPC - Driving Power Car TC - Trailer Car DTC - Driving Trailer Car (Dummy Car) |

## Operations

Multiple S8 units are used in peak hours. These are mostly used for short distance commuter services. The lines operated using the Class S8 are as follows:
| Line | Starting Station | Key Stations | Terminus Station |
| Main Line | Colombo Fort | Polgahawela | Rambukkana |
| Kelani Valley Line | Colombo Fort | | Avissawella |
| Puttalam Line | Colombo Fort | | Puttalam |
| Coastal Line | Colombo Fort | | Aluthgama |

## Incidents

* In 1991, a service train and a S8 DMU collided together, and the Dummy Unit of the DMU was destroyed.
* In 1998, due to a derailment with Canadian-built Class M2 Montreal, another Dummy Unit of a S8 DMU was destroyed.
# Bai Xueshan

Bai Xueshan (Chinese: 白雪山; born May 1961) is a former Chinese politician. He was the Vice Chairman of Ningxia since 2013. On November 6, 2015, Bai was placed under investigation by the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection. He was the first provincial-ministerial level official being examined from Ningxia after the 18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party in 2012. In 2017, Bai was sentenced to 15 years in prison for bribery.

## Career

Bai Xueshan was born in Wuqi County, Shaanxi in May 1961. His name, "Xueshan", roughly means "snow mountain". In 1984, he was graduated from Central Party School of the Chinese Communist Party and went to work in Yinchuan Suburban Second Construction Company (银川市郊区第二建筑工程公司). He then served successively as the liaison of the Yinchuan government in Shanghai, the governor and Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary of the Suburban District of Yinchuan, the party chief of Helan County, and vice mayor of Yinchuan; and Bai became the mayor of Yinchuan from January 2006 to September 2007.
In 2007 Bai Xueshan was transferred to Wuzhong, another city in Ningxia, to become the Party Secretary of that city. In Wuzhong, local residents nicknamed him "Bai Luanchai" (白乱拆; literally, "Bai who arbitrarily tears things down"), due to his tendencies to raze various parts of town to make way for new construction. Since 2013, Bai became the Vice Chairman of Ningxia (since Ningxia is an autonomous region, the Chairman is equivalent of a provincial governor). Bai was said to have been involved in real estate development during his career.
On November 6, 2015, Bai was placed under investigation by the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Chinese Communist Party for "serious violations of regulations". On December 28, Bai was expelled from the party. The investigation concluded that Bai had "shallow sense of the duties of a party member", long took part in "superstitious activities", accepted bribes, and promoted the business interests of his relatives and associates.
On April 28, 2017, Bai was sentenced to 15 years in prison, for taking some 38.87 million yuan (~$6.48 million) in bribes.
# The Water Tower (short story)

The Water Tower (Russian: «Водонапорная башня») is a short story by Victor Pelevin, published in 1990.

## Plot

The story is written in the form of one complex sentence, stretching over 13 pages containing almost 2,800 words. The author uses this technique to illustrate the journey of life. Life seems endless, but its end is a point.
The main role in the story is played by images, physical space is absent in it. One might assume that the story describes the vivid experiences of Pelevin himself, but its time frame is shifted backward: the hero's childhood memory is of the builders laying out the year "1928" on the water tower.
Of the images presented in the story: first impressions of childhood, adult memories of the Civil War, school, geography teacher, pioneer camp, fashion for aviation and pilots, repressions of the 30s, songs by Utesov, the Great Patriotic War, children, Stalin's death, work, cosmonauts, Soviet "Victory" cars, the death of his wife, jogging in the park, the impression of old age and the near-death pain in the heart.
The water tower, which is visible to the narrator, serves as a point of departure for the narrator's reasoning, which forms the plot of the story, in which Pelevin's familiar ideas and images are revealed with the utmost clarity. The water tower becomes a point of account for the narrator's multiple observations and reflections, opens up his life and description, and then closes, creating a circular composition. Each new thought or judgement by the narrator seems to build this tower, creating another ring that takes the tower all the way to the heavens.
The narrative of the story is organized with the knowledge of the protagonist, who is notoriously difficult. Literary studies to be the author's alter ego. It seems as if the author's character is watching from his room at night, observing the construction of a water tower.
However, the date that the soldiers-constructors put at the top of the tower under construction goes far beyond the author's age and does not correspond to the chronological timeline of Pelevin's timeline. The author seems to shift the vertical of time, taking 1928 as a preconditioned reference point (perhaps a random date seen on this tower).
This shift in the timeline means that the "author's" character, modeling his life (built, like the tower) in a postmodernist way, breaks down the timeline, turns out to be more realistic and realistic than what the author might have appeared to be in – not in contemporary Plevin's Moscow, not in the revolutionary capital, but (relatively) in Moscow of the 1950s or 1960s. The iconic features of the depicted time are the hero's childhood fascination with model planes.
The image of the tower, which could have been built in the sky, gives rise in the text to an allusion to the image of the Biblical Tower of Babel. This is alluded to by a small piece of text borrowed from the Bible in the story.