OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# SZD-40x Halny

The SZD-40x Halny is an experimental two-seat glider designed and built in Poland in 1971.

## Development

Spurred on by the high performance two seaters emerging from the German Akafliegs, like the SB 10 Schiroko, SZD modified the SZD-37x Jantar fuselage to take two seats in tandem and fitted the wings developed from the Zefir 4 to make the SZD-40 Halny.
The SZD-40 Halny was intentioned to be a test platform for various new design concepts and to be produced in only one unit. It was certified as an experimental aircraft. It was expected that it will be used for record breaking attempts (of which many were ultimately successful) and piloted by most experienced pilots. In fact, the glider was not popular with most pilots due to very demanding handling properties.
Construction of the SZD-40 Halny uses mixed materials, with a fiberglass laminated forward fuselage, welded steel tube centre-section truss, rolled aluminum tube rear fuselage boom and fibreglass laminate tail section. The wings, extended to 20m span by adding extensions to the roots using a section substantially modified from the Zefir 4's original NACA 66 216 416, were constructed from plywood, pressure moulded in concrete moulds and covered with a layer of glass-fibre, to give a very smooth and accurate finish. Another meaningful modification from the original Zefir series wing was a change from Fowler (wing loading decreasing) flaps to camber increasing slotless flaps. This (flap) modification was a definite departure from previous (Zefir) attempts in variable wing geometry glider design. Notes by Eng. Jerzy Śmielkiewicz suggest that this was due to realisation that a laminar flow could not be sustained over the wing with (high speed retracted configuration) Fowler flap mechanism.
Unusually the Halny was built with only one set of instruments and controls in the rear cockpit, thus the front seat can only be used by passengers. Full span flaps and coupled ailerons are fitted to the trailing edges, with the flaps able to deflect upwards for high speed flight and the ailerons drooping in sympathy with downward flap deflection. All upper surfaces at the hinge points are formed by continuous flexible seals preventing leak- through causing drag and turbulence problems with the ailerons and flaps. The sole Halny, SP-2645 (c/n X-106), first flight in December 1972 flown by Zdzislaw Bylok, was used regularly into the 1990s before being retired to the Gliwice Gliding Club Museum

## Specifications (SZD-40x Halny)

Data from
General characteristics
* Crew: 1
* Capacity: 1
* Length: 8.75 m (28 ft 8.5 in)
* Wingspan: 20 m (65 ft 7 in)
* Height: 1.74 m (5 ft 8 in)
* Wing area: 16.11 m$^2$ (173.4 sq ft)
* Aspect ratio: 24.84 :1
* Airfoil: For all surfaces:-
    Wing - NN-11M
    Tailplane - NACA 64 1 012
    Fin - NACA 643 - 018 - NACA 652 - 015
* Empty weight: 410 kg (904 lb)
* Gross weight: 610 kg (1,345 lb)
Performance
* Maximum speed: 240 km/h (150 mph, 130 kn)
* Stall speed: 73 km/h (45 mph, 39 kn)
* g limits: +5 / -2.5
* Maximum glide ratio: 43 at 94 km/h (58 mph; 51 kn)
* Rate of sink: 0.59 m/s (116 ft/min) at 85 km/h (53 mph; 46 kn)
# Kanna

Kanna may refer to:

## Plants

* Mesembryanthemum tortuosum, syn. Sceletium tortuosum, a Southern African succulent with psychoactive properties
* Platysace cirrosa, a Western Australian perennial herb
* Caroxylon aphyllum, a shrub

## Japan

* Kanna (era), a Japanese name for the years 985–987
* Kanna or Japanese plane, a wood working tool

## Art and entertainment
### Film & TV

* Kanna (film), a 2007 Indian movie
* Kanna Kamui, a main character from the Japanese anime/manga Miss Kobayashi's Dragon Maid
* Cegléd water jug, Ceglédi kanna, or kanna, Hyngarian water vessel serving as Romani folk musical instrument

## People

* Kanna (given name), a feminine Japanese given name
* Yonadam Kanna (born 1951), president of the Assyrian Democratic Movement and member of the Iraqi Parliament

## Places

* Kanna (Lycaonia), ancient town now in Turkey
* Kanna, Gunma, a town in Gunma Prefecture, Japan
* Kanna, Poland, a village in southern Poland
# Fridtjof Thoen

Fridtjof Thoen (born 25 September 1961) is a Norwegian judoka. He competed in the men's half-middleweight event at the 1984 Summer Olympics.
# Sophie Elisabeth of Anhalt-Dessau

Sophie Elisabeth of Anhalt-Dessau (10 February 1589 – 9 February 1620) was a German princess of the House of Ascania. She was the last abbess of Gernrode (r.1593-1614). After leaving the abbey, Sophie Elisabeth married George Rudolf of Liegnitz and was duchess of Liegnitz until her death in 1620.

## Family

Sophie Elisabeth was a member of the House of Ascania. Her parents were John George I of Anhalt-Dessau and his first wife, Dorothea of Mansfeld-Arnstein (1561-1594), daughter of John Albert VI of Mansfeld-Arnstein. Sophie Elisabeth had four full siblings, and eleven half-siblings (from her father's second marriage to Dorothea of Simmern). These included John Casimir, Eleonore Dorothea, Sibylle Christine, George Aribert and Susanna Margarete.

## Abbess of Gernrode

From the age of four, Sophie Elisabeth was abbess of Gernrode. The abbey had been in decline for some time before Sophie Elisabeth's abbacy. In particular, since the fifteenth century members of Sophie Elisabeth's dynasty, the House of Anhalt (descended from the House of Ascania) had successively tried to incorporate the abbey into their own domains. By the time Sophie Elisabeth became abbess, the abbey's possessions covered only about two square miles. Between 1610 and 1614, members of the House of Anhalt incorporated these last remaining possessions of Gernrode into their own domains.
In 1614, Sophie Elisabeth left the abbey in order to marry. Her relatives, the princes of Anhalt, refused to appoint a new abbess and completed the incorporation of Gernrode into their territory. Sophie Elisabeth was thus the last abbess of Gernrode.

## Marriage

On 4 November 1614 Sophie Elisabeth married her cousin, George Rudolf of Liegnitz in Dessau. A book was written to record their magnificent wedding celebrations. After marrying Sophie Elisabeth, George Rudolf converted from Lutheranism to Calvinism.
As duchess of Liegnitz, Sophie Elisabeth was a literary and musical patron. She brought many volumes of French and Italian works were brought to the ducal library. The writer Martin Opitz wrote several poems about Sophie Elisabeth.
Sophie Elisabeth and George Rudolf had no children together. She died, aged thirty, in 1620.
# Griffith Thomas

Griffith Thomas (1820–1879) was an American architect. He partnered with his father, Thomas Thomas, at the architecture firm of T. Thomas and Son.
Architecture writer Christopher Gray called him "one of the most prolific architects of the period", referring to the mid-19th century. The American Institute of Architects in 1908 called him "the most fashionable architect of his generation." Many of his notable buildings are found in New York City.
Griffith Thomas was interred at Green-Wood Cemetery, in Brooklyn, New York in 1879. His own marble monument is simple in comparison to the ornate structures he built during his lifetime.

## Selected works

* St. Nicholas Hotel (1853), 507-27 Broadway, demolished. 1,000 guest rooms.
* Fifth Avenue Hotel (1859), 200 Fifth Avenue (23rd to 24th Streets), demolished. Replaced by Robert Maynicke's Toy Center Building, 1909.
* Astor Library (1859 expansion), 444 Lafayette Street. Now the center section of The Public Theater.
* Madison Avenue Baptist Church (1859). Demolished.
* Mortimer Building (1862), 935-939 Broadway (159 Fifth Avenue) Flatiron House. Now Restoration Hardware Building .
* National Park Bank Building (1868, altered 1905), 214-18 Broadway, demolished 1961
* Pike's Opera House (1868), 8th Avenue & 23rd Street, later renamed the Grand Opera House, demolished 1960.
* Arnold Constable Building (1869), Broadway & West 19th Street
* New York Life Insurance Building (1870), 346 Broadway. Altered and expanded by McKim, Mead & White, 1904.
* 12 East 53rd Street (1872). Altered by Raleigh C. Gildersleeve, 1906.
* Gunther Building (1872), 469-75 Broome Street, cast-iron facade.
* Hotel Bristol (1875), 42nd Street and Fifth Avenue, New York City, for the former shipbuilder and financier William H. Webb, demolished.
* Kimball House Hotel (1870) Entire city block between Whitehall (now Peachtree) Street, Decatur Street, Pryor Street, and Wall Street, Atlanta, [8] with William Parkins, burned 1883. 500 rooms, early use of elevators and central heating, 4-story lobby, 16 shops.
# Khillari cattle

The Khillari is a cattle breed. It is a member of the Bos indicus sub-species, native to Satara, Sangli and Kolhapur regions in Maharashtra and Bijapur, Dharwad and Belagavi districts of Karnataka in India. The breed is well adapted to the area's tropical and drought-prone conditions. They are favoured by the local farming community due to their ability to handle the hardships of farming. The breed is in decline, mostly due low milk yield, which offers an alternate income stream to a farmer.

## History

The Khillari breed includes several varieties. It possibly owes its origin to the Hallikar breed of cattle from Mysore State. The name comes from "Khillar" meaning a herd of cattle, and Khillari meaning the herdsman.

## Characteristics

The Khillari is between 4½ and 5½ feet tall and weighs between 350 and 450 kg. The typical specimen is compact and tight skinned, with clean cut features and squarely developed hindquarters. The appearance is compact with stout strong limbs. The pelvis is slightly higher than the shoulders. The Khillaris of the Deccan plateau, the Mhaswad and the Atpadi Mahal types are greyish white in colour. The males have deeper colour over the forequarters and hindquarters, with peculiar grey and white mottling on the face. The Tapti Khillari is white with reddish nose and hooves. The Nakali Khillari is grey with tawny or brickdust color over the forequarters. Newly born calves have rust red coloured polls, but this disappears within months. Khillaris have a long narrow head with long horns sweeping back and then upward in a distinctive bow, and tapering to a fine point. The ears, coloured yellow inside are small, pointed and held sideways. The legs are round and straight with black hooves. The coat is fine, short and glossy.

## Varieties

Four principal types of Khillaris are prevalent in Maharashtra State. Hanam Khillar (sometimes Atpadi Mahal, Sangli), is prevalent in southern Maharashtra .In Kolhapur and Satara and adjoining areas. Mhaswad Khillari live mostly in Man & Khatav talukas of Satara District. In the area of the Satpura range of hills comprising the West Khandesh district Tapi Khillari or Thillari predominate. Nakali Khillari is of more recent origin. Nakali means "imitation". It is found in adjacent areas of these regions.

## Breeding

In southern Maharashtra and Solapur, Sangli and Satara districts, Khillaris are bred by cultivators. In these regions the size of the herd is small, usually one or two cows. In the Satpura ranges the Khillaris are bred by professional breeders known as Thillaris. These breeders produce bulls and bullocks. Khillaris are classified as "medium fast draft". Breeding is carried out by the Government of Mahararashtra at Hingoli, Jath and Junoni and by the Government of Karnataka at Bankapur.
# James Nowick

James Nowick is a professor of chemistry at University of California, Irvine. His research is focused on peptidomimetic (peptide-like) molecules and their potential applications to the study of amyloid-like protein aggregates, which are associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Nowick is well known for his interest in chemistry education and is the organizer of the Open Chemistry series of video lectures distributed by UCI. Nowick is openly gay and in 2009 received the Scientist of the Year award from the National Organization of Gay and Lesbian Scientists and Technical Professionals (NOGLSTP), an affiliate of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

## Academic career

Nowick received his bachelor's degree from Columbia University in 1985 and his Ph.D. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1990. He joined the faculty at University of California, Irvine in 1991.
Nowick's research group studies the synthesis and design of peptidomimetic molecules, or those that resemble peptides, with particular interest in molecules that replicate features of beta sheets such as their characteristic hydrogen bonding patterns. Beta sheet interactions are known to be involved in the formation of amyloid fibrils found in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease and in other protein misfolding diseases. Nowick's group studies molecules that interfere with the formation of these interactions in order to improve understanding of the biochemical mechanisms underlying these diseases.
Nowick was a recipient of the Arthur C. Cope Scholar Award from the American Chemical Society in 1998. He is a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

## Teaching, outreach, and activism

Nowick is well known for his interest in undergraduate education, public outreach, and mentorship, particularly of younger LGBT scientists. As a graduate student at MIT he founded both a graduate student LGBT organization and a chemistry outreach program for high school students, which has since expanded to reach a thousand students per year. As a professor at UCI Nowick organized the Open Chemistry program, which provides free video lectures corresponding to most UCI undergraduate chemistry courses and which received a Distance Education Innovation Award in 2013. He has received several awards from UCI for excellence in undergraduate teaching.
Nowick is openly gay and is active in advocating for LGBT visibility in the sciences and in mentoring LGBT students. He established a seminar course called "Queer Science, Queer Scientists" at UCI, has organized campus panels on topics in LGBT advocacy such as California's ballot measure against same-sex marriage in 2008, and is involved in the Gay and Transgender Chemists and Allies Subdivision of the American Chemical Society.
# Piano Sonata No. 10 (Beethoven)

The Piano Sonata No. 10 in G major, Op. 14, No. 2, composed in 1798–1799, is an early-period work by Ludwig van Beethoven, dedicated to Baroness Josefa von Braun. A typical performance lasts 15 minutes. While it is not as well known as some of the more original sonatas of Beethoven's youth, such as the Pathétique or Moonlight sonatas, Donald Francis Tovey described it as an 'exquisite little work.'

## Form

The sonata is in three movements:
* Allegro in G major
* Andante in C major
* Scherzo: Allegro assai in G major

### First movement

The first movement, marked legato in the urtext score, opens with a brief sixteenth-note phrase, accompanied by short, tied arpeggios in the bass. This phrase is used consistently throughout the movement and subject to a great deal of highly imaginative development through changing harmonies and shifting key-centres. Bars 70–80 are particularly notable, in that the main theme is subjected to highly chromatic treatment at this point. Thirty-second-note passages develop in the upper register of the piano, limiting the tempo at which it can reasonably be taken. The entire movement ends with a coda, where, according to Charles Rosen, Beethoven 'decides to normalize the rhythm of the main theme, and make it no longer witty but expressive.' The closing two bars consist of a quiet, quick turn in the treble.

### Second movement

The second movement is a set of variations on a disjunct, chordal theme which is marked "La prima parte senza replica" (first part without repeats). The form of the music is Theme with Three Variations. It seems about to end quietly, like the first and last movements, but then concludes abruptly with a crashing fortissimo C major chord.

### Third movement

Like the first movement, the third movement opens with an ascending, hesitant, three-note motif that conveys considerable rhythmic ambiguity. In his book, The Music Instinct, the science writer Philip Ball singles out this theme as an example of the classic trick of disguising 'one rhythmic structure as another'. The movement, which is in $^3$ $_8$ time, is a Scherzo in rondo form. The main theme undergoes many changes, until the end, where it ends quietly, on the very lowest notes of the piano of Beethoven's time. The movement plays with listener expectations through rhythmic ambiguity, unexpected harmonic shifts, and above all, the use of strategically placed silences. All of these characteristic examples of musical wit show the continuing influence of Haydn on Beethoven at this early stage in his composing career.
# Civil and Public Services Union

The Civil and Public Services Union (CPSU) was an Irish trade union for clerical and administrative grades in the civil service, the wider public sector and the private sector. It was a member of the Irish Congress of Trade Unions.
The union was founded in 1922 by the Dublin branch of the Civil Service Clerical Association.
At the start of 2018, the CPSU merged with the Irish Municipal, Public and Civil Trade Union and the Public Service Executive Union to form Fórsa.

## General Secretaries

    1922: Tom O'Shea
    1924: D. J. Cregan
    1924: J. Hogan
    1926: J. Burke
    1928: Archie Heron
    1941: D. Ó Connáill
    1948: D. A. Morrissey
    1953: W. J. Farrell
    1961: H. V. Murtagh
    1967: P. B. Gillespie
    1969: Billy Lynch
    1988: John O'Dowd
    1999: Blair Horan
    2012: Éoin Ronayne
# Southwestern Brewery and Ice Company

The Southwestern Brewery and Ice Company is a historic brewery in Albuquerque, New Mexico, located adjacent to the BNSF railroad tracks in East Downtown. Built in 1899, it is one of the only surviving 19th-century commercial buildings in the downtown area.

## History

The Southwestern Brewery was founded in 1888 by Don and Harry Rankin, and later taken over by Jacob and Henry Loebs. By the start of the 20th century it was one of Albuquerque's largest employers and its flagship product, Glorieta Beer, was distributed throughout the southwest. The statewide enactment of Prohibition in 1917 forced the company out of the brewing business, but its ice-making operations remained profitable. The facility changed hands several times starting in 1948, but continued to produce ice for most of the 20th century. It finally closed in 1997.
The brewery was added to the New Mexico State Register of Cultural Properties in 1975 and the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. In 1998, the former cold storage and mechanical building on the south side of the complex was destroyed by a fire that also slightly damaged the main brewery building.
# Yannick Rott

Yannick Rott (born 27 September 1974) is a French former professional footballer who played as a defender. Whilst at Strasbourg he won the 1995 UEFA Intertoto Cup and the Coupe de la Ligue in 1997, playing in the final.
# List of leading international rugby union drop goal scorers

This is a list of the leading drop goal scorers in rugby union test matches, with a minimum of ten test drop goals. Test caps are awarded by a player's national union, regardless of whether the opposition recognise it as such. Note, however, that if one nation grants a match test status and the opponents do not then only the statistics for the nation granting test status are counted in test totals. Composite teams made up of players selected from multiple unions—for example the British and Irish Lions and Pacific Islanders—are also considered test teams because they are selected by a group of recognised national governing bodies.
Only teams for which a player has scored a test drop goal are included in the table; players may have played for other test sides. Table including matches played 27 August 2023:

## List

Players who are still active at international level are in bold.
| Rank | Drop goals | Player | International team | Caps | Years |
| 1 | 36 | Jonny Wilkinson | England | 97 | 1998 – 2011 |
| 2 | 28 | Hugo Porta | Argentina (26) South American Jaguars (2) | 66 | 1971 – 1990 |
| 3 | 23 | Rob Andrew | England (21) British and Irish Lions (2) | 76 | 1985 – 1997 |
| 4 | 20 | Diego Dominguez | Italy | 76 | 1989 – 2003 |
| 5 | 18 | Naas Botha | South Africa | 28 | 1980 – 1992 |
| 6 | 17 | Stefano Bettarello | Italy | 55 | 1979 – 1988 |
| 6 | 17 | Dan Parks | Scotland | 67 | 2004 – 2012 |
| 8 | 15 | Jean-Patrick Lescarboura | France | 28 | 1982 – 1990 |
| 8 | 15 | Ronan O'Gara | Ireland | 130 | 2000 – 2013 |
| 10 | 13 | Jonathan Davies | Wales | 32 | 1985 – 1997 |
| 11 | 12 | Pierre Albaladejo | France | 30 | 1954 – 1964 |
| 11 | 12 | John Rutherford | Scotland | 44 | 1979 – 1987 |
| 11 | 12 | Nicolás Sánchez | Argentina | 104 | 2010 – 2023 |
| 14 | 11 | Lisandro Arbizu | Argentina | 86 | 1990 – 2005 |
| 14 | 11 | Didier Camberabero | France | 36 | 1982 – 1993 |
| 14 | 11 | Guy Camberabero | France | 14 | 1961 – 1968 |
| 17 | 10 | Craig Chalmers | Scotland (9) British and Irish Lions (1) | 61 | 1989 – 1999 |
| 17 | 10 | Neil Jenkins | Wales | 91 | 1991 –2002 |
| 17 | 10 | Barry John | Wales (8) British and Irish Lions (2) | 30 | 1966 – 1972 |
| 17 | 10 | Andrew Mehrtens | New Zealand | 70 | 1995 – 2004 |
| 17 | 10 | Neculai Nichitean | Romania | 28 | 1990 – 1997 |
| 17 | 10 | Bobby Ross | Canada | 58 | 1989 – 2003 |
| 17 | 10 | Morne Steyn | South Africa | 68 | 2009 – 2021 |
| Sources other than those already cited: . |||||||
# In America: An Anthology of Fashion

In America: An Anthology of Fashion is the 2022 high fashion art exhibition of the Anna Wintour Costume Center, a wing of the Metropolitan Museum of Art (MMA) which houses the collection of the Costume Institute. It is the piece of a two-part exhibit that explores fashion in the United States. This exhibit highlights stylistic narratives and histories of the American Wing Period. Each immersive period rooms reflect America from the 1700s to the 1970s and captures men's and women's fashion. The rooms also display America's domestic life and the influences of cultures, politics, and style at each period.
Within the rooms are a series of focused narratives that reflect larger developments, such as the emergence of an identifiable American style and the rise of the named designer as an individual recognized for their distinct creative vision. In this way, Anthology also provides a historical grounding for the companion exhibition, In America: A Lexicon of Fashion—currently on view in the Anna Wintour Costume Center (Galleries 980 and 981)—which offers an expansive reflection on defining qualities of fashion in the United States. The installations take the form of cinematic vignettes that enliven the stories and highlight the intimate and immersive aspects of the rooms. These fictional tableaux were created by nine film directors: Radha Blank, Janicza Bravo, Sofia Coppola, Julie Dash, Tom Ford, Regina King, Martin Scorsese, Autumn de Wilde, and Chloe Zhao. Seven “case studies” offer in-depth, forensic analyses of individual costumes that function as connecting threads. Together, they comprise an anthology that challenges and complicates received histories, offering a more nuanced and less monolithic reading of American fashion, and American culture more broadly.