OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 1873

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1873 was adopted on 29 May 2009.

## Resolution

Strongly urging the Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot leaders to increase the momentum in the United Nations-backed talks aimed at reunifying the divided island nation, the Security Council today extended through mid-December the world body's long-running peacekeeping operation in Cyprus.
By a vote of 14 in favour to 1 against (Turkey), the Council adopted resolution 1873 (2009), which stressed that there now existed a "rare opportunity to make decisive progress", and reaffirmed the primary role of the United Nations in assisting the parties to bring the Cyprus conflict and the division of the island nation to a comprehensive and durable settlement.
Explaining his negative vote, the representative of non-permanent member Turkey reminded the Council that since 1963, there had not been a joint and constitutional Government representing the whole of Cyprus either legally or functionally. The two peoples had been living separately under their own administrations.
He said that resolution 186 (1964), which had initially set up the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP), "following the Greek Cypriot armed offensive against the Turkish Cypriots", had not been accepted by the Turkish Cypriot side or by Turkey. That text, as well as the Council's subsequent decisions, referred to "the Government of Cyprus", which had, in fact, been representing only Greek Cypriots since 1963. Furthermore, UNFICYP should have functioned with the open consent of both sides.
That "wrong approach" ‑‑ to consider that administration the sole Government in Cyprus ‑‑ had unfortunately been the sole obstacle to finding a comprehensive and durable solution for the past 45 years, he said. Turkey had never been against the intent behind establishing UNFICYP but it had misgivings about the manner in which the resolutions had been adopted and the language contained in them. Indeed, the Force had long functioned in the northern part of the island with the active participation of the Turkish side. It was for "these stated reasons of principle" that Turkey had voted against the resolution. As ever, Turkey continued to look forward to the day when a durable solution could be reached on the basis of partnership and a bizonal, bicommunal federation.
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 2102

United Nations Security Council resolution 2102 was adopted on 2 May 2013. It established the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia (UNSOM).
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 2103

United Nations Security Council resolution 2103 was adopted in 2013.
# Adewunmi Onanuga

Otunba Adewunmi Oriyomi Onanuga (2 December 1965 – 15 January 2025), popularly known as Ijaya, was a Nigerian politician and businessman who served as the Deputy Chief Whip of the House of Representatives representing Ikenne/Sagamu/Remo North Federal Constituency until her death on 15 January 2025.

## Early life and politics

Adewunmi Onanuga was born in Hammersmith, London, to Nigerian parents. In 2019, she contested and won the elections as member, representing Ikenne/Sagamu/Remo North Federal Constituency in Ogun State, Nigeria, on the platform of the All Progressive Congress (APC). She was re-elected in 2023 for a second term and previously served as Chairperson, House Committee on Women Affairs and Social Development.

## Death

Onanuga died after a brief illness on 15 January 2025, at the age of 59.
# Shaden Gardood

Shaden Muhammad al-Hassan (1986 – 12 May 2023), also known as Shaden Gardood or al-Hakama Shaden, was a Sudanese singer and peace advocate who was killed during the 2023 Sudan conflict.

## Biography
### Early life and education

Shaden Muhammad al-Hassan was born in El-Obeid, North Kordofan, Sudan in 1986. She studied economics at Omdurman Ahlia University, but moved towards performing art, especially the folk and heritage singing of the Kordofan region.

### Career

Gardood advocated for peace and justice through her songs and lyrics. This is why she was also known as "al-Hakama", a title which is given to a group of women in Darfur and Kordofan, who are respected for their poetry and singing. Hakamat have been invited by peacebuilding initiatives in Darfur and also exert power over men in their societies.
Since the outbreak of the conflict, she regularly posted videos and messages on Facebook about the clashes and shelling in her Omdurman neighbourhood, and wrote intensively against the war. Gardood had a prominent role in advocating for popular groups opposed to military rule, and had shared her songs with the peaceful demonstrators during the Sudanese Revolution that managed to overthrow the regime of Omar al-Bashir, who ruled the country for three decades. She was present with her songs at the sit-in at the army command, which was organised by hundreds of thousands of demonstrators to demand civil rule, after the fall of Al-Bashir and the seizure of power by the army leaders.

### Death

Gardood died during the Battle of Omdurman in the 2023 Sudan conflict on 12 May 2023. She lived near the national television and radio building, which saw heavy fighting from the beginning of the conflict. The building was held by the RSF, who were often attacked from the ground and air by the Sudanese Army. Shortly before she died, she posted a video telling her son to stay away from their windows.
# Glasgow Police Act 1800

The Glasgow Police Act 1800 was an act of Parliament passed by the Parliament of Great Britain, which established a professional police force for the city of Glasgow. Under the act, this police force was placed under the control of the Lord Provost, three magistrates and nine elected commissioners. The force was supported financially by a rate levied by the City Council on houses and businesses; the lack of such a levy had frustrated the previous attempt at having a professional police presence in the city.
The act was a forerunner of similar acts of Parliament establishing police forces in other Scottish cities and burghs, culminating in the Police (Scotland) Act 1850 (13 & 14 Vict. c. 33) and the General Police and Improvement (Scotland) Act 1862 (25 & 26 Vict. c. 101).
As well as making provision for the establishment of a police force, the act also authorised the annexation of ninety-six acres of land surrounding the city.
# Kitisuru Ward

Kitisuru Ward is a ward in Westlands Constituency, Nairobi County, Kenya. It comprises Kitisuru, Loresho and Kyuna. It has a population of around 31.302 people and covers 21.3 km$^2$, yielding a population density of 1,465 people per km$^2$.
Alvin Alando Palapala of the Orange Democratic Movement represents the ward on the Nairobi City County Assembly.
# Shantilata Barik

Shantilata Barik (1958 – 1 April 2024) was an Indian singer who mainly worked in the Odia film and music industry, who was popular for devotional songs. She was a certified singer of Akashvani Cuttack.

## Early life

Barik was born in 1958 in Bishnupur village under Puri district, Odisha, India to Basudev Barik and Kamala Devi. She was married to Basant Chhotray, a resident of Kusubenti village under Brahmagiri administration. The couple has two sons.

## Career

She started her career in music after professional training from music teachers like Balakrushna Das, Markandeya Mohapatra, Sinhari Shyamasundar Kar and a degree (Acharya) from Utkala Sangeet Mahavidyalya. In 1978, she came to limelight with the popular Odia devotional song, He Chakanayana, a song on lord Jagannath. Songs like Thaka mana chala jiba..., Bhaji bhaji to nama..., Jagannatha tume bada chhalia became popular and she became a household name in Odisha.

## Movies

* 1982: Basanti Apa - playback singer

## Award

* Odisha Sangeet Natak Academy awards

## Death

Barik died from cancer at a private hospital in Bhubaneswar on April 1, 2024. She has been suffering from cancer since 2011, and after COVID-19, her health condition was unstable.
# Il giorno dopo

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| OndaRock | 7.5/10 |
Il giorno dopo is the third studio album by Italian singer Mia Martini, released on 23 May 1973 by Dischi Ricordi. Thanks to extensive advertising on television and radio, the album surpassed the success of the previous album, selling about half a million records and reaching sixth place on the Italian albums chart.

## Track listing

* "Ma quale amore" (Franca Evangelisti, Antonello Venditti) – 4:00
* "Picnic (Your Song)" (Elton John, Maurizio Piccoli) – 3:45
* "Il guerriero" (Franco Califano, Maurizio Piccoli) – 3:38
* "Bolero" (Maurizio Piccoli, Dario Baldan Bembo, Leonardo Ricchi) – 4:33
* "Dimmelo tu" (Luigi Albertelli, Massimo Guantini) – 4:00
* "Minuetto" (Franco Califano, Dario Baldan Bembo) – 4:44
* "Mi piace" (Bruno Lauzi, Carmelo La Bionda, Michelangelo La Bionda) – 3:46
* "La malattia" (Maurizio Piccoli) – 4:39
* "Tu sei così" (Luigi Albertelli, Massimo Guantini) – 3:53
* "La discoteca" (Maurizio Piccoli) – 3:07
* "Signora" (Joan Manuel Serrat, Paolo Limiti) – 2:30
* "Dove il cielo va a finire" (Salvatore Fabrizio, Maurizio Fabrizio) – 5:15

## Charts

Chart performance for Il giorno dopo :
| Chart (1973) | Peak position |
| Italian Albums (Musica e dischi) | 5 |

## Personnel

* Mia Martini – vocals
* Dario Baldan Bembo – keyboards
* Furio Bozzetti – drums
* Cosimo Fabiano – bass guitar
* Maurizio Fabrizio – guitar
* Salvatore Fabrizio [it] – bass guitar
* La Bionda – guitar
* Grimm – backing vocals
* Massimo Luca – guitar
* Leonardo Ricchi – guitar
* Andy Surdi [it] – drums
# Kitakinki Tango Railway

Kitakinki Tango Railway Corporation (北近畿タンゴ鉄道株式会社, Kitakinki Tango Tetsudō Kabushiki-gaisha) is a railway infrastructure company and a former railway operator in Japan. The company's name, which consists of "Kitakinki" meaning northern Kinki region and "Tango" meaning Tango Province, is occasionally abbreviated as KTR.
KTR was a so-called "third sector" company jointly funded by local governments and private entities. Its leading shareholder is the Kyoto Prefecture government with a 44.71% ownership. It headquarters in Fukuchiyama, Kyoto Prefecture.
In 2015, the company ceased to operate the trains on its own lines when Willer Trains Inc., under the brand name Kyoto Tango Railway, succeeded this function from KTR. KTR continues to own the tracks and rolling stock.

## Lines

KTR owns the following two regional railway lines:
* Miyafuku Line (in Kyoto Prefecture, 30.4 km)
* Miyazu Line (in Kyoto Prefecture and Hyōgo Prefecture, 83.6 km)

## History

In 1982, the company was incorporated as Miyafuku Railway Corporation (宮福鉄道株式会社, Miyafuku Tetsudō Kabushiki-gaisha) for the purpose of the construction and operation of the Miyafuku Line, the construction of which was suspended due to financial difficulties of the Japanese National Railways (JNR). The Miyafuku Line was completed in 1988. In the same year, local governments selected the company as the operator of the existing Miyazu Line, which was to be separated from West Japan Railway Company (JR West) in 1990.
Following the downturn in the business, investors including the Kyoto Prefecture government decided to introduce a new scheme of business, in which a separate company would operate trains on the tracks of KTR. Willer Group, being the only applicant for this proposal, was selected as the operator and later established Willer Trains Inc. The transfer of business took effect on April 1, 2015.
* 1982-09-22 – Incorporation as Miyafuku Railway Corporation
* 1982-12-24 – Issuance of railway business license of the Miyafuku Line
* 1988-06-22 – Shareholders' approval to the purchase of Miyazu Line business
* 1988-07-16 – Inauguration of the Miyafuku Line
* 1989-09-29 – Issuance of railway business license of the Miyazu Line
* 1989-08-01 – Change of corporate name to Kitakinki Tango Railway Corporation
* 1990-04-01 – Transfer of business of the Miyazu Line from JR West to KTR
* 1996-03-16 – Electrification of the entire Miyafuku Line and Miyazu–Amanohashidate segment of the Miyazu Line
* 2007-09-01 – Relocation of corporate headquarters from a prefecture government building in Kyoto to a JR West building in Fukuchiyama
* 2015-04-01 – Transfer of train operation function to Willer Trains
# Casuariidae

The bird family Casuariidae /kæsjuːəˈraɪ.ɪdiː/ has four surviving members: the three species of cassowary and the emu.
All living members of the family are very large flightless birds native to Australia-New Guinea.

## Species

* † Emuarius Boles, 1992 (emuwaries) (Late Oligocene – Late Miocene)
** † E. gidju (Patterson & Rich 1987) Boles, 1992
** † E. guljaruba Boles, 2001
* Casuarius Brisson, 1760 (cassowary)
** † C. lydekkeri Rothschild, 1911 (Pygmy cassowary)
** C. casuarius (Linnaeus, 1758) (Southern cassowary)
** C. unappendiculatus Blyth, 1860 (Northern cassowary)
** C. bennetti Gould, 1857 (Dwarf Cassowary)
*** C. b. westermanni (Sclater, 1874) (Papuan dwarf cassowary)
*** C. b. bennetti Gould, 1857 (Bennett's cassowary)
* Dromaius Vieillot, 1816 (emu)
** †D. arleyekweke Yates & Worthy 2019
** †D. ocypus Miller 1963
** D. novaehollandiae (Latham, 1790) (Emu)
*** †D. n. diemenensis Le Souef, 1907 (Tasmanian emu)
*** †D. n. minor Spencer, 1906 (King Island emu)
*** †D. n. baudinianus Parker, SA, 1984 (Kangaroo Island emu)
*** D. n. novaehollandiae (Latham, 1790) (Emu)

## Systematics and evolution

The fossil record of casuariforms is interesting, but not very extensive.
Some Australian fossils initially believed to be from emus were recognized to represent a distinct genus, Emuarius, which had a cassowary-like skull and femur and an emu-like lower leg and foot.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Brand, S. (2008)
* ↑ Clements, J (2007)
* ↑ From "Emu" + "Casuarius". Describer W. E. Boles commonly refers to the genus as "emuwaries" or "cassomus".
# Battle of Cape Palos (1815)

The Battle of Cape Palos was the last battle of the Second Barbary War. The battle began when an American squadron under Commodore Stephen Decatur Jr. attacked and captured an Algerian brig.

## Background

After capturing the Algerian flagship Meshuda and sending her to Cartagena under the escort of USS Macedonian, Stephen Decatur and his squadron continued on their way towards Algiers. On June 19, 1815, they sighted the 22-gun Algerian brig Estedio.

## Battle

Decatur began pursuit of Estedio and chased her into shoal waters near the coast of Spain off Cape Palos. Fearing that his larger vessels might get beached, he sent the smaller vessels in his squadron, the USS Epervier, USS Spark, USS Torch, and USS Spitfire to deal with the brig. Here the vessels fought half an hour before the Algerians began to abandon their vessel and surrender. As Estedio's crew members began to flee towards the cape in her boats, the American vessels fired on them, sinking them. The surviving 80 crewmen of Estedio surrendered. Besides the 80 captured, Estedio lost at least 23 men killed.

## Aftermath

After the battle, a prize crew took Estedio to Cartagena, where Spanish authorities interned her. They returned her to Algiers at the end of the war, but then on July 18, 1815 the Algerians declared war on Spain so the Spanish government seized both her and the frigate Mashouda, which Decatur had also captured, at Cartagena.
Decatur's squadron regrouped and continued on its way to Algiers to force Dey Omar Agha to terms.

## Sources

* ↑ Lloyd's List №4997.
* From Bunker Hill to Manila Bay
* The End of Barbary Terror
37°37′14″N 0°39′23″W﻿ / ﻿37.6206°N 0.6564°W﻿ / 37.6206; -0.6564
# Lego Minifigures Online

Lego Minifigures Online was a massively multiplayer online game developed and published by Funcom, which was released on 29 June 2015. The game was based on the Lego Minifigures theme, allowing the player to unlock, and to play, as various characters from the theme, while also incorporating elements from classic Lego themes, such as castle, and space, and also involving new themes, like mythology. In addition to unlocking new minifigures through normal gameplay, the player was able to unlock minifigures by purchasing physical Lego Minifigures blind bags, which contain special codes that, once entered, allowed the character to be unlocked instantly. All online services for the game were shut down on 30 September 2016.

## Gameplay

The game took inspiration from both classic isometric role-playing video games, and modern Lego video games. The player could click to move their character, and attack enemies, also to smash and build Lego objects. The player could have up to three minifigures to quickly swap between while playing, and could also open their inventory to change which three they had immediate access to. Minifigures could also be leveled up with experience points, to improve their abilities. The game contained numerous themed worlds, accessed from a hub, with each world containing multiple dungeons to raid. The player was also able to battle against other players, in teams.

## Minifigures

The characters included in the game were some of the minifigures from the Lego Minifigures series. As of September 2014, several minifigures were available for purchase for use in the game through 6 and 10 month memberships, but were made completely available when the game was fully released as a pay-to-play title, on 29 June 2015.

## Development

Lego Minifigures Online was first announced in August 2013 as a free-to-play title. The game underwent a beta testing phase, and was made public for Microsoft Windows, OS X, and Linux, on 29 October 2014. The game was fully released on 29 June 2015, although as a pay-to-play title, for Microsoft Windows, OS X, Linux, iOS, and Android.
Due to the game's failure to meet Funcom's internal revenue forecasts, Lego Minifigures Online was shut down, on 30 September 2016.
# Opsariichthys hainanensis

Opsariichthys hainanensis is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Xenocyprididae, the East Asian minnows or sharpbellies. It is endemic to Hainan (China). It has a maximum standard length of 10.6 centimetres (4.2 in).
# Traditional games of Nepal

Nepal has many traditional games that are similar to other traditional South Asian games. Many of these games were played during local cultural festivals, but are now disappearing because of technological influence and globalisation.

## History

Dandi biyo and kabaddi, which were considered the unofficial national sports until recently, are still popular in rural areas. Despite efforts, standardisation and development of dandi biyo has not been achieved, while kabaddi, as a professional sport, is still in its infancy in Nepal. Bagh-chal, an ancient board game that is thought to have originated in Nepal, can be played on chalk-drawn boards, with pebbles, and is still popular today. Ludo, snakes and ladders and carrom are popular pastimes. Chess is also played. Volleyball was declared as the national sport of Nepal in 2017. Popular children's games include versions of tag, knucklebones, hopscotch, Duck, duck, goose and lagori, while marbles, top, hoop rolling and gully cricket are also popular among boys. Rubber bands, or ranger bands cut from tubes in bike tyres, make a multi-purpose sporting equipment for Nepali children, which may be bunched or chained together, and used to play dodgeball, cat's cradle, jianzi and a variety of skipping rope games.

## Traditional games
### Guccha

This game (also known as marbles) involves participants flicking marbles with their fingers in the hopes of pushing opponents' marbles outside of the playing area.

### Bhurung

In Nepal, the spinning top is known as a bhurung or lattu.

### Dhyakki

Dhyakki (or piya) is a form of hopscotch in which players must move a rock across the playing area as they hop through it.

## Ball games
### Seven stones

Though this game goes by other names in neighboring countries, it is primarily known in Nepal as seven stones.

## Variations of tag
### Kabaddi

Kabaddi (also known locally as kapardi) has been declining in Nepal in recent decades.

### Kho kho

The Nepal Kho Kho Association was established the late 1990s, and the sport is contested at the country's National Games. Nepal finished as runner-ups in the inaugural 2025 Kho Kho World Cup.

## Animal events
### Bull Fighting
### Elephant polo

Elephant polo is a variant of polo played while riding elephants. It is played in Nepal, and Thailand. England and Scotland regularly field teams. Equipment consists of a standard polo ball and a 1.8 metres (5.9 ft) to 3 metres (9.8 ft) cane (similar to bamboo) sticks with a polo mallet head on the end. The pitch is three-quarters of the length of a standard polo pitch, due to the lower speed of the elephants. Two people ride each elephant; the elephants are steered by mahouts, while the player tells the mahout which way to go and hits the ball.
# Ma'danid dynasty

The Ma'danid dynasty was a medieval Islamic dynasty that ruled the Sultanate of Makran. It ruled Makran from the late 9th or early 10th century until around the 11th century.

## History

Makran had been one of the easternmost provinces of the Caliphate after its conquest by the Muslims in 644. In the 9th century, especially after the Abbasid dynasty's hold on the frontier provinces of the Caliphate began to weaken, Makran had been overrun by Kharijites. According to the historian Mas'ūdī the Kharijites were still a significant force in Makran by the time the Ma'danids took control there.
By the early 10th century, the Banu Ma'dan had risen to power in Makran. Ibn Haukal does not mention their origins. Ma'danids used the Sanskrit title of Mahraj. They established their capital at Kiz or Kij, and although seldom playing a major role in regional affairs, Ma'danids were able to maintain their authority in Makran for at least a century and a half. At some point the Ma'danids became tributary to the Saffarid dynasty of Sistan. In 907/908 the Saffarid prince Al-Laith invaded Makran after 'Isa had gone into arrears on the required payments, and was able to compel the Ma'danid to give three years' worth of tribute.
Payments to the Saffarids lasted until the mid-10th century at the latest. In 971 the Buyid amir 'Adud al-Daula, who had recently conquered the bordering province of Kerman from the Banu Ilyas, compelled the Ma'danids to recognize Buyid suzerainty. Soon after this, however, the Ma'danids switched their loyalties to the Turkish ruler of Ghazni, Sebük Tigin, beginning nearly a century of allegiance to the Ghaznavid dynasty.
In the early 11th century the ruler of Makran was Ma'dan. After Ma'dan's death in 1025/1026 a succession dispute broke out among his two sons, 'Isa and Abu'l-'Askar Husayn. The Ghaznavid sultan Mahmud negotiated a settlement between the brothers, but it broke down when 'Isa rebelled against the Ghaznavids in 1029. Two years later Mahmud's son Mas'ud sent an army which killed 'Isa and installed Abu'l -'Askar Husayn in his place. The latter ruled Makran until after 1058 and was known as a man of learning. Some time after his death the power of the Ma'danids came to an end, presumably in the late 11th or 12th century.
# Upper Glady School

Upper Glady School is a historic one-room school building located near Crawford, Lewis County, West Virginia. It was built about 1900, and is a frame building measuring 28 feet by 24 feet and painted white. Also on the property is a coal house used to store coal for fuel. The school operated until 1965.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.