OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Zhambyl Tulaev

Zhambyl Tulaev (Russian: Жамбыл Тулаев; 15 May [O.S. 2 May] 1905 – 17 January 1961) was a sniper in the Red Army during World War II who was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union for his first 262 kills. Before the war, he was secretary of the Komsomol committee in his village and served as a commune chairman before undertaking transportation and distribution jobs. He was drafted in September 1941, serving in the infantry and taking part in the fighting on the Eastern Front. After leaving the military in 1946 he worked on collective farms and in the forestry industry. He also served on the Toltoy village council.

## Early life

Zhambyl Tulaev was born on 15 May [O.S. 2 May] 1905 to a Buryat family in the Tagarkhai village of Siberia. Despite completing only four grades of primary school he began working as secretary of the Komsomol committee in his village in 1925, where he remained until 1928. After graduating from courses for commune chairmen he became the chairman of the Kalinin commune, where he served from January 1929 to March 1932. From October 1933 to September 1937 he worked as a wagon driver, and in 1938 he became head of a shipping container base in Irkutsk.

## World War II

Upon being drafted into the Red Army in September 1941, Tulaev was initially assigned to the 582nd Infantry Regiment, based on the Transbaikal front. In February 1942 he was deployed to the Eastern front with the 580th Infantry Regiment, where he soon started off as a machine gun squad leader but soon switched to being a sniper. He then participated in defensive battles for the Novgorod area; on the night of 2 May 1942 near the village of Prismorzhye he killed 20 enemy soldiers, that were attempting to advance under the cover of heavy artillery fire, covering the evacuation of wounded soldiers.
By the time he was nominated for the title Hero of the Soviet Union in mid-November 1942 his sniper tally had reached 262 enemy soldiers. After graduating from officer training he received the rank of junior lieutenant in February 1943. He became commander of a rifle platoon upon return to his regiment and went on to fight in the Demyansk operation. In May 1943 he was withdrawn from the front for health reasons and treated in Tver. During his deployment he trained over 30 other snipers, and according to his count killed 313 enemy soldiers.

## Later life

Starting in January 1945 he worked for the Tunkinsky military enlistment office. Having officially entered the reserve with the rank lieutenant one year later, he went on to become chairman of a collective farm and later director of a regional forestry project in Kyren village. From 1955 to 1957 he served as deputy chairman of a different collective farm, and from then until he retired for health reasons in 1959 he was chairman of the Toltoy village council. He died less than two years later on 17 January 1961 and was buried in his home village.

## Awards

* Hero of the Soviet Union (14 February 1943)
* Order of Lenin (14 February 1943)
* Order of the Red Banner (3 September 1942)
# Cheilanthes sieberi

Cheilanthes sieberi is a small fern growing in many parts of Australia, New Zealand and nearby islands. Common names include poison rock fern and mulga fern.
This fern may grow up to 25 cm tall. It is a widespread plant, seen in a variety of different habitats: it occurs in arid areas as well as sites with over 1500 mm of annual average rainfall. In desert areas it grows in shaded rocky gullies. However, near the coast, it can grow in full sun in cracks of rocks, or in thin soils.

## Consumption by stock

Excessive consumption of this fern can cause health issues for sheep and cattle.
# Self Made Man (song)

"Self Made Man" is a song recorded by American country music duo Montgomery Gentry. It was released in April 2000 as the fourth single from the album Tattoos & Scars. The song reached #31 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. The song was written by Wynn Varble and Jay Knowles.

## Content

The song's subject matter is about how, although a range of factors can be blamed for one's successes and failures, ultimately it is oneself that is to blame for both.

## Critical reception

A review in Billboard was positive, contrasting the song with the "hillbilly bluster" of their previous singles while also praising the "regret" in Eddie Montgomery's vocal delivery.

## Chart performance

| Chart (2000) | Peak position |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 31 |
# 1655 in England

Events from the year 1655 in England.

## Incumbents

* Lord Protector – Oliver Cromwell

## Events

* 22 January – Oliver Cromwell dissolves the First Protectorate Parliament.
* 11–14 March – Penruddock uprising: a Royalist uprising beginning in Wiltshire is defeated by a skirmish in South Molton.
* 28 April – Admiral Robert Blake destroys the pirate fleet of the bey of Tunis.
* 10–27 May – Anglo-Spanish War: Invasion of Jamaica – Forces led by William Penn and Robert Venables capture the island of Jamaica from Spain.
* 9 August – the Rule of the Major-Generals, a period of direct military government, begins.
* 24 November – Anglican services prohibited by Cromwell.
* 4–18 December – Whitehall Conference convened by Cromwell to debate the Resettlement of the Jews in England.

### Ongoing events

* Anglo-Spanish War 1654–1660

## Publications

* John Wallis's Arithmetica Infinitorum, first work on differential calculus.

## Births

* 11 January – Henry Howard, 7th Duke of Norfolk, politician and soldier (died 1701)
* 23 April (bapt.) – Andrew Allam, writer (died 1685)
* 25 April – John Lowther, 1st Viscount Lonsdale, politician (died 1700)
* 3 June – William Nicolson, bishop and antiquary (died 1727)
* 20 July – Ford Grey, 1st Earl of Tankerville, statesman (died 1701)
* 12 November – Francis Nicholson, military officer and colonial governor (died 1728)
* 28 December – Charles Cornwallis, 3rd Baron Cornwallis, First Lord of the British Admiralty (died 1698)
* Sir John Barker, 4th Baronet, politician (died 1696)

## Deaths

* 31 January (bur.) – Anthony Stapley, politician and regicide (born 1590)
* February – George Brydges, 6th Baron Chandos, royalist peer (smallpox) (born 1620)
* 18 March – Richard Smith, Catholic bishop (in France) (born 1568)
* 16 May – John Penruddock, Cavalier (executed) (born 1619)
* after May – Elizabeth Alkin, Parliamentarian publisher, nurse and spy (born c. 1600)
* by 9 June – Sir Thomas Mauleverer, 1st Baronet, Member of Parliament and regicide (born 1599)
* 26 June – Edward Conway, 2nd Viscount Conway, politician, royalist military commander and bibliophile (in France) (born 1594)
* 19 November – Stephen Marshall, nonconformist minister (born 1594)
* December – Robert Cox, comic performer
# Şıra

Şıra, şire, or sira is a Turkish non-alcoholic drink made from slightly fermented grape juice. It tastes sweet due to the high fructose it contains. Its colour is terracotta. It is mostly served with İskender kebap. A flavored version of şıra is served in the Marmara Region with the name of hardaliye. Hardaliye is basically a şıra aromatized in mustard seeds and cherry leaves for 15 days. Hardaliye is usually served in special occasions as an appetizer.
# Intermediation

Intermediation refers to a process matching two sides of a market, such as buyers and sellers by an third party such as a broker, agent, or wholesaler. The most common example of intermediation is in the finance industry, where it involves the matching of lenders with borrowers by a bank.
If this matching is successful, the lender obtains a positive rate of return, the borrower receives a return for risk taking and entrepreneurship and the banker receives a return for making the successful match. If the borrower's speculative play with the funds provided by the bank does not pay off, the bank can face significant losses on its loan portfolio, and if the bank fails its depositors can lose some of their money if the deposits are not insured by a third party.
The skill of identifying potential successful new entrepreneurs who can take market share off competitors or develop whole new markets is one of the most vital (and intangible) skills any banking system can possess. An unexpected form of entrepreneurship, and unintended consequence of microfinance initiatives, can be informal intermediation. That is, some entrepreneurial borrowers become informal intermediaries between microfinance initiatives and poorer micro-entrepreneurs. Those who more easily qualify for microfinance split loans into smaller credit to poorer borrowers. Informal intermediation ranges from casual intermediaries at the good or benign end of the spectrum to 'loan sharks' at the professional and sometimes criminal end of the spectrum.
Disintermediation occurs when potential lenders and borrowers interact more directly in the capital markets, avoiding the intermediation of banks.
# KECH-FM

KECH-FM (95.3 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a classic rock format. Licensed to Sun Valley, Idaho, United States, the station serves the Twin Falls (Sun Valley) area. The station is currently owned by Richard Mecham, through licensee Woods River Media, LLC.

## History

The station was originally assigned the KWRU call sign by the FCC on February 16, 1988; it was to be a not-for-profit community radio station. When funding for the venture failed, it was acquired by Ketchum Radio, which built it out as commercial station KECH-FM and signed it on November 21, 1988. Ketchum Radio was a partnership headed by local resident Chris Haugh, and staff members including Larry Mott, Michael Hess (aka Dallas Dobro), and others, with Gary Stivers handling the news duties. Disc jockeys included Rob Hunter, Sadie Word, and other local talent. The call letters were chosen as a result of a contest, where listeners were asked to pick the call sign for the station. One listener chose KECH (short for the neighboring town of Ketchum). The listener won an all-expenses-paid trip to Belize.
In 1994, Ketchum Radio sold the station to another local operator, Scott Parker's Alpine Broadcasting, Ltd., who owned/operated the station for ten years as its flagship station. Alpine, also based in Ketchum went on to grow to a 15 station group in other resort markets, including Jackson Hole Wyoming, Sun Valley, Island Park and Idaho Falls Idaho, Taos and Angel Fire New Mexico, Big Sky, Whitefish & West Yellowstone Montana and Kailua-Kona & Hilo Hawaii. Alpine sold most of its stations to Chaparral Broadcasting, Inc. In 2020, Parker also built 1440 AM - KHLY in Hailey ID and 103.7 FM - KSUN in Sun Valley — moving that station across state from Bannock County to Blaine County, Idaho (formerly KPTO).
Chaparral sold KECH-FM and seven other stations to Rich Broadcasting for $3.7 million; the transaction was consummated on April 1, 2013.
Rich Broadcasting sold KECH-FM, three other stations, and a translator to Richard Mecham's Magic Valley Media, LLC effective September 17, 2019 for $475,000.
"KECH-95", (as it is known locally) continues to be the leading station in the Wood River Valley (Blaine County, ID) with local personalities and its service to community affairs.
# Rasmus Kupari

Rasmus Kupari (born 15 March 2000) is a Finnish professional ice hockey forward for the Winnipeg Jets of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was selected 20th overall by the Los Angeles Kings in the 2018 NHL Entry Draft.

## Playing career

Kupari made his professional and Liiga debut with Kärpät in the 2017–18 season on 14 September 2017. He scored his first goal on 28 September 2017. Kupari completed his first professional season as an 18-year-old with six goals and 14 points in 39 games.
On 22 June 2018, Kupari was selected in the first round, 20th overall, by the Los Angeles Kings in the 2018 NHL Entry Draft. He was later signed to a three-year, entry-level contract with the Kings on 13 July.
On 27 June 2023, Kupari was traded with Gabriel Vilardi, Alex Iafallo, and a 2024 second-round draft pick to the Winnipeg Jets for Pierre-Luc Dubois. As a restricted free agent, Kupari agreed to terms with the Jets in signing a two-year, $2 million contract extension on 2 August.

## Career statistics
### Regular season and playoffs

| | | | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs |
| Season | Team | League | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 2016–17 | Oulun Kärpät | Jr. A | 22 | 4 | 10 | 14 | 6 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 2 |
| 2017–18 | Oulun Kärpät | Jr. A | 11 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 12 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| 2017–18 | Oulun Kärpät | Liiga | 39 | 6 | 8 | 14 | 12 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| 2017–18 | Hermes | Mestis | 5 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2018–19 | Oulun Kärpät | Liiga | 43 | 12 | 21 | 33 | 65 | 16 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| 2019–20 | Ontario Reign | AHL | 27 | 6 | 2 | 8 | 9 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2020–21 | Ontario Reign | AHL | 32 | 8 | 15 | 23 | 18 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| 2020–21 | Los Angeles Kings | NHL | 7 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2021–22 | Los Angeles Kings | NHL | 57 | 5 | 8 | 13 | 18 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 2021–22 | Ontario Reign | AHL | 15 | 5 | 3 | 8 | 12 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2022–23 | Los Angeles Kings | NHL | 66 | 3 | 12 | 15 | 12 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2022–23 | Ontario Reign | AHL | 11 | 5 | 4 | 9 | 22 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2023–24 | Winnipeg Jets | NHL | 28 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2023–24 | Manitoba Moose | AHL | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — |
| Liiga totals | Liiga totals | Liiga totals | 82 | 18 | 29 | 47 | 77 | 22 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 10 |
| NHL totals | NHL totals | NHL totals | 158 | 9 | 21 | 30 | 36 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |

### International

| Year | Team | Event | Result | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 2016 | Finland | U17 | 7th | 5 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 2017 | Finland | U18 | | 7 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 2 |
| 2017 | Finland | IH18 | 6th | 4 | 2 | 5 | 7 | 0 |
| 2018 | Finland | U18 | | 4 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 0 |
| 2018 | Finland | WJC | 6th | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2019 | Finland | WJC | | 7 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 4 |
| 2020 | Finland | WJC | 4th | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Junior totals | Junior totals | Junior totals | Junior totals | 33 | 5 | 14 | 19 | 8 |
# Leslie Kendrick

Leslie Carolyn Kendrick (born 1976) is an American legal scholar who serves as the dean of the University of Virginia School of Law, where she is also the Arnold H. Leon Professor of Law.

## Early life and education

Kendrick was born in Floyd County, Kentucky, to William Kendrick, an attorney, and Leatha Kendrick, a poet and writing instructor. Her parents had met while they were students at the University of Kentucky.
Kendrick was educated at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, earning a Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) in classics and English in 1998, then studied at the University of Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar. She received a Master of Philosophy (M.Phil.) and a D.Phil. from Magdalen College in 2000 and 2003, respectively. Her dissertation was titled "John Milton and the transformation of Virgilian pathos". Afterwards, she attended the University of Virginia School of Law, where she was a Hardy Cross Dillard Scholar and an editor of the Virginia Law Review, graduating with a Juris Doctor (J.D.) in 2006.

## Career

After graduating from law school, Kendrick was a law clerk for Judge J. Harvie Wilkinson III of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit then clerked for Justice David Souter at the U.S. Supreme Court.
Kendrick was an associate professor of law at the University of Virginia from 2008 to 2013, then was promoted to a full-time professor of law in 2013. She served as the law school's vice-dean from 2017 to 2021. The school announced on December 18, 2023, that Kendrick would serve as dean of the law school, succeeding Risa L. Goluboff on July 1, 2024.
Kendrick is a member of the American Law Institute.
# Iotyrris cingulifera

Iotyrris cingulifera is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turridae, the turrids.

## Description

The length of the fusiform shell is 53 mm and its diameter 16 mm. The shell is rather narrow with a very long spire and short siphonal canal. It is corded with larger and smaller riblets and raised lines. The shell is very slightly angulated on each whorl by a somewhat larger rib, which is occasionally bipartite. The growth striae are sharp, sometimes decussating the smaller spiral lines. The color of the shell is whitish, very closely and finely peppered with chestnut and with chestnut spots on the shoulder rib.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs in the Aldabra, Madagascar, Mozambique, Mascarene Basin, Mauritius, the Red Sea and Tanzania
# Western Hills

The Western Hills (Chinese: 西山; pinyin: Xīshān) are the hills and mountains in the western part of Beijing.

## Geography

Being an extension of the Taihang mountain range from the Hebei Province, the Western Hills cover approximately 17% of the Beijing municipality, including most of the Mentougou and Fangshan Districts as well as parts of Changping, Haidian, and Shijingshan. The elevation of the Western Hills range is between 100 m to over 1900 m above sea level and is visible from the city on clear days. A mix of deciduous and coniferous forests and highland meadows cover much of the Western Hills. Mountain streams feed into the Yongding and Juma Rivers, which flow through the Western Hills to irrigate the plains of Beijing. Coal is mined in Fangshan and Mentougou Districts. Natural and historical points of interest include river gorges, and hot springs, as well as temples, historic homes, secluded retreats and ancient ruins.
Also known as the Western Hills Scenic Area, the area has long been used as a retreat by Chinese scholars, religious men, and members of the government and civil service. Nearest to Beijing's Haidian District is the Fragrant Hills Park. Nearby is the Beijing Botanical Garden and Temple of Azure Clouds. The Wofo Temple, which has a giant reclining Buddha statue, is located on the grounds of the botanical gardens. To the northwest of the Fragrant Hills Park are Jiufeng (Vulture Peak) Forest Park (鹫峰森林公园), Dajue Temple, and Fenghuanling (Phoenix Ridge) Scenic Area.
South of the Fragrant Hills Park is Badachu (八大处; literally "eight great sites") in Shijingshan District, which is named after eight Buddhist temples and monasteries. The Western Hills of Shijinghan are also home to the Laoshan Mountain Bike Course, where the mountain biking competition of the 2008 Summer Olympic Games was held.
Fossils of the Peking Man were discovered in the caves of Dragon Bone Hill near Zhoukoudian in Fangshan District.
The Western Hills also houses an underground command center of the Chinese military, a secret bunker-like underground facility built with the assistance of the USSR in the 1950s, which now serves a purpose similar to the United States Military's Pentagon.
Mao Zedong briefly lived in the Western Hills, and the Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party retreated there briefly in 1989.

## Western Hills Group

The Kuomintang (KMT) also had a secret group named Western Hills, established in 1925. Revolutionary Sun Yat-sen's coffin was kept there, with the group's members being Buddhist, believing that the presence of Sun Yat-sen's body could bless them.
The group had a political goal of ousting the Communist Left, headed by Mikhail Borodin, from the KMT.
# Kampong Lambak

Kampong Lambak is a village in Brunei-Muara District, Brunei, on the outskirts of the country's capital Bandar Seri Begawan. It has a total population of 7,293 in 2016.

## Administration

For administrative purposes Kampong Lambak has been divided into, and established as, two village subdivisions:
| Village | Population (2016) | Postcode |
| Kampong Lambak 'A' | 3,914 | BB1314 |
| Kampong Lambak 'B' | 3,379 | BB1714 |
| Total | 7,293 | - |
Both are village subdivisions within Mukim Berakas 'A'.

## Demography

Kampung Lambak 'B' has experienced a rapid growth in the housing sector which is increasing by recording a total of 715 houses within a distance of approximately 12km from the capital.

## Infrastructure

Among the basic facilities in the village include a government-owned school and a private school, business complexes, gas stations, vehicle workshops, industrial complexes and an Islamic cemetery.
Datu Mahawangsa Primary School is the village's government primary school. It also shares grounds with Datu Mahawangsa Religious School, the village's government school for the country's Islamic religious primary education.
Kampong Lambak Mosque is the village mosque; it was inaugurated on 11 June 1994 by Prince Sufri Bolkiah, a brother of Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah. The mosque can accommodate 1,400 worshippers.

## Notable people

* Abidin Abdul Rashid (1939–2010), politician and nobleman
* Zakaria Sulaiman (1937–2011), politician and nobleman
# Violet Olney

Violet Rose Olney (later Parish; 22 May 1911 – 3 January 1999) was an English athlete who competed at the 1936 Summer Olympics.

## Biography

Olney from Southwark, London, who mainly competed in the 100 metres.
Olney finished second behind Eileen Hiscock in the 200 metres event at the 1933 WAAA Championships.
After finishing third behind Barbara Burke in the 200 metres event at the 1936 WAAA Championships, Olney competed for Great Britain at the 1936 Olympic Games in Berlin, where she won the silver medal in the women's 4 x 100 metres with her teammates Eileen Hiscock, Audrey Brown and Barbara Burke.
# Erdelyia

Erdelyia is a genus of millipedes belonging to the family Xystodesmidae.
The species of this genus are found in Eastern North America.
Species:
# ITH Pharma

ITH Pharma is a British compounding pharmaceutical company, founded in 2008 by two pharmacists.

## History

It began in 1997 when Hamling spotted a gap in the market for patients to get complex intravenous treatments on a same-day basis. Hamling raised £150,000 from family to start their first compounding company.
They received their license from the MHRA in August 1998 and pioneered a same-day intravenous medication service, through their first contract from the Royal Brompton Hospital, London for prefilled syringes of antibiotics for cystic fibrosis children.
After selling their first company, they used the proceeds to set up ITH Pharma in 2008.

## Controversy

In June 2014, a batch of intravenous feed supplied to hospitals by ITH Pharma in the UK for neonatal care was delivered in an allegedly contaminated state, with about 16 alleged cases of blood poisoning in infants.
On 31 October 2018 the BBC reported that ITH Pharma were charged with a number of offences following the deaths and illness of babies in some hospitals in England. They were charged with seven counts of supplying medicinal product not of the quality specified in the prescription. They were also charged with failing to take reasonable steps to ensure patients are not infected by contaminants, in breach of the Health and Safety at Work Act. The babies, many of whom were premature, were being fed through drips in neonatal intensive care units, between 2009 and 2014. ITH Pharma said it was disappointed by the decision to charge the company and would "vigorously defend" the case.
In January 2022 ITH Pharma entered guilty pleas to three charges, admitting supplying contaminated feed and expressing "We wish to extend our deepest sympathies to the families of the patients affected." ITH Pharma was ordered to pay £1.2m by a crown court in 2022 and accepted blame for providing infected TPN to 19 premature babies across nine hospitals in 2014.