OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Character (graffiti)

Characters, or karaks, are an integral part of modern graffiti culture. Characters are "creatures or personas” that feature in graffiti works. They may be taken from popular culture (especially cartoons and comic books) or created by the writer as a signature character. Chararacters are found in almost all forms of graffiti, including ancient graffiti and the earliest forms of modern graffiti.

## Usage and form

While characters are found in all forms of graffiti, they are most common in stickers and pieces.
Signature characters function in the same way a writers chosen word or tag does. Characters may be as simple as a logo, and these forms are often done with stencils such as Blek Le Rat's rats. Some characters are more complicated, but they are still generally stylised, easily replicatable by the artist, and easily recognised by viewers as being the same character. This recognisability can allow characters to become informal mascots of their local area. Some artists make monikers out of characters from popular culture, but draw them in a unique style which still allow them to serve as a signature.
Some artists start off with characters or develop them in tandem with a word they write, such as someone who writes CROAK developing a frog character. Some graffiti characters evolve from drawing faces inside letters, which then develop into more complex characters. Characters may be used as substitutes for individual letters. There is usually a clear connection between a writers handstyle and the way they draw their character(s).

## History

Early monikers on freight trains usually included characters, such as the cowboy character of Bozo Texino. The character Mr. Chad, as seen in the Kilroy was here meme, was drawn by multiple artists and originally designed by British cartoonist George Chatterton.
Cartoon and comic book characters were drawn in the earliest modern graffiti pieces on New York Subway. Characters by Vaughn Bodē, such a cheech wizard, were especially common. Bodēs characters are still popular with graffiti artists today considered a significant part of graffiti culture and history. Original characters in early modern graffiti were often b-boys, drawn to show the connection between graffiti and hip hop culture. They were often drawn breaking.
In 1984, Jace was one of the earliest writers to completely replace their tag with a character, called Gouzou. In the 1990s, Barcelonian writer PES replaces their tag with a fish logo. The street artist Invader began placing pixel art style mosaics in 1998 based on the computer games Space Invaders and Pac-Man.

## Notable signature characters

* Signature characters by French-Colombian artist Chanoir
* Signature character by D*Face
* Pacifier character by El Xupet Negre
* Zebra face, by Kid Acne
* Signature character and name sake of Stik
* A character based on the computer game Space Invaders. A mosaic by Invader. Paris. 2010
* The ghosts from the computer game Pac-Man. A mosaic by Invader in Bilbao, Spain. 2008
* Cat character by Atlas
* Neck face characters on a van
# Curtatone

Curtatone (Mantovano: Cürtatun) is a comune (municipality) in the province of Mantua, in the Italian region of Lombardy, located about 130 kilometres (81 mi) southeast of Milan and about 7 kilometres (4 mi) southwest of Mantua.
The municipality of Curtatone is formed by the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Buscoldo, Eremo, Grazie (site of the notable Santuario della Beata Vergine delle Grazie), Levata, Montanara (municipal seat), Ponteventuno, San Lorenzo, and San Silvestro.
Curtatone borders the following municipalities: Borgo Virgilio, Castellucchio, Mantua, Marcaria, Porto Mantovano, Rodigo. Its frazione of Grazie is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").
Curtatone received the honorary title of city with a presidential decree on July 2, 2002.
# The Rage of the Vulture

The Rage of the Vulture is a 1948 novel by the Australian-British writer Alan Moorehead.

## Synopsis

The novel is set in the fictional princely state of Kandahar, modeled on Kashmir, at the time of the Partition of India in 1947. While the debate about whether the state will join either India or Pakistan after partition is still on-going, hill tribes begin a campaign of plunder and rapine.
As a war correspondent, Moorehead had himself been present at the time the events depicted.

## Critical reception

A reviewer in the News (Adelaide) noted: "The end of an era is portrayed in Moorehead's description of the plight of the uprooted British, whose long-established world of privilege has suddenly collapsed...Weaknesses in the novel lie in some of the characterizations, and particularly in the minor but central story of the redemption of the neurotic hero. But Rage of the Vulture is well worth your reading time."
In The Sydney Morning Herald a critic commented: "Moorehead is a very fine reporter indeed. There are almost unbearably tense passages in The Rage of the Vulture, which lift war's horror and terror right into the environment of the reader. While its romantic interest may loiter and sail serenely into tributaries, rebellion and murder rush the main stream of the story headlong into tautness and fear...The Rage of the Vulture is the kind of book one picks up and reads straight through to its end. Alan Moorehead is just as good when he puts himself at the services of fiction as he was when he wrote of the battlefields of Europe and Africa."

## Film adaptation

The novel was adapted by the Hollywood studio Paramount Pictures into the 1951 film Thunder in the East directed by Charles Vidor and starring Alan Ladd, Deborah Kerr, Charles Boyer and Corinne Calvet.
# Kyoto Prize

The Kyoto Prize (京都賞, Kyōto-shō) is Japan's highest private award for lifetime achievement in the arts and sciences. It is given not only to those that are top representatives of their own respective fields, but to "those who have contributed significantly to the scientific, cultural, and spiritual betterment of mankind". The Kyoto Prize was created in collaboration with the Nobel Foundation and is regarded by many as Japan's version of the Nobel Prize, representing one of the most prestigious awards available in fields that are not traditionally honored with a Nobel.
The prizes are endowed with 100 million yen (roughly 700,000 USD) per category and have been awarded annually since 1985 by the Inamori Foundation, founded by Kazuo Inamori. The laureates are announced each June; the prize presentation ceremony and related events are held in Kyoto, Japan, each November.

## Categories and fields

The Kyoto Prize consists of three different categories, each with 4 subfields. The subfields rotate every year to create a diverse group of Laureates. The categories and fields are:
    Kyoto Prize in Advanced Technology
       With Fields: Electronics, Biotechnology and Medical Technology, Materials Science and Engineering, and Information Science.
    Kyoto Prize in Basic Sciences
       With Fields: Mathematical Sciences, Biological Sciences, Earth and Planetary Sciences (Astronomy and Astrophysics), and Life Sciences (With the fifth subfield of Cognitive Sciences with one Laureate, Noam Chomsky in 1988).
    Kyoto Prize in Arts and Philosophy
       With Fields: Music, Arts, Theater (Cinema), and Thought and Ethics

## Laureates

With the 2015 Kyoto laureates, the three-category prizes have honored 99 individuals and one foundation (the Nobel Foundation). Individual laureates range from scientists, engineers, and researchers to philosophers, painters, architects, sculptors, musicians, and film directors. The United States has produced the most recipients (44), followed by Japan (19), the United Kingdom (12), France (8) and Hungary, Russia, India (3)
# Starkey School

Starkey School is a historic school building located at Starkey, Roanoke County, Virginia. It was built about 1915, and is thought to incorporate an earlier one-room school built about 1894. It is a brick school building flanked by wings built in 1928, and measuring 24 feet by 33 feet. In December 1962, the school was closed and was purchased by Roanoke County. The school is now privately owned.
The school was named for the district, and is built upon land once owned by Tazewell M. Starkey. Tazewell Starkey was an influential landowner and farmer in the district, and two roads that intersect at Starkey school are named for his family: Starkey Street and Merriman Road. He was a member of the Roanoke County School Board, Cave Springs District, from 1873 to 1895.
In 1941–1942, Starkey school taught children of the area from first through 6th grade. Crispean Divers was the school principal and taught the combined fifth and sixth grades. Martha T. Flora taught the combined 3rd and fourth grades, while Lillian S. Woodford taught the first and second grades.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.
# Borna Derakhshani

Borna Derakhshani (Persian: برنا درخشانی; born 2002) is an Iranian chess player. He has represented the United Kingdom in competition since April 2018. He was awarded the title FIDE Master (FM) in 2016.

## Career

Derakhshani was a Chess Youth Champion in Iran, and won a silver medal in the Individual Asian Chess Championship in 2012. Derakhshani won several youth open international tournaments, including in Biel, Switzerland; Abu Dhabi in 2013, 2014, and 2015; the Youth International in Gibraltar in August 2017; and the Asian Youth Team Chess Championship in China, 2016, with a silver medal on Board 2.

### Conflict with Iranian Chess Federation

In February 2017, the Iranian Chess Federation banned Derakhshani from playing for the Iranian youth national team or any other tournament in Iran because he played against Israeli grandmaster Alexander Huzman in the first round of the International Gibraltar Chess Tournament in January 2017. The ban was implemented because Iran does not recognize Israel as a country.

### United Kingdom

After the ban and receiving several bad press releases from the media and authorities, Derakhshani decided not to return to Iran. He moved to the UK where he switched to the English Chess Federation. He won the British Youth Chess Championship Under 16 category in 2018 and won in the Under 18 category in 2019. He won a silver medal and finished second in the Under 21 British Chess Championship. Derakhshani represented the UK national team in 2019 at the European Team Youth Chess Championship where he finished second on Board 2. He is a member of the 4NCL UK super league, playing for the Wood Green team.
# Antti Peltonen

Antti Peltonen (born 22 April 1984) is a Finnish football coach and a former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He is currently working as a mental coach for Norwegian club Raufoss IL and for SC Heerenveen (women).

## Playing career

Peltonen played in the youth program of Ilves in Tampere. During his senior career, he played in top-tier Veikkausliiga for Atlantis, Jaro, Lahti and Vaasan Palloseura (VPS). He has also represented PP-70, KPV, Viikingit, Lapuan Virkiä and TPV in lower divisions.
He has also represented Finland at under-17, under-18 and under-21 youth international levels.

## Coaching career

Peltonen started working as a mental coach for Finnish Veikkausliiga club SJK Seinäjoki in 2016. During 2018–2019, he worked for JPY (Jalkapallon Pelaajayhdistys, eng; Football Players Union). In 2020, he joined the coaching staff of HJK Helsinki.
In June 2023, Peltonen was named the mental coach of Norwegian 1. divisjon club Raufoss IL.
In September 2024, Peltonen started also working for the women's team of Heerenveen. In addition, he is also working part time with SJK Seinäjoki.

## Personal life

Peltonen has previously been part of a Finnish male show dance group Scandinavian Hunks. He was also the Bachelor in the Finnish version of the Bachelor reality TV-show in 2008.
Peltonen is a therapist by education.
# Maria (West Side Story song)

"Maria" is a song from the 1957 Broadway musical West Side Story, sung by the lead character Tony. The music was written by Leonard Bernstein and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim. The song was published in 1956.
"Maria" is sung by the male lead Tony when he learns the name of the girl he has fallen in love with at the dance in act 1, and who has been pulled away from him by her protective brother Bernardo, is "Maria". The name "Maria" is spoken or sung in the song 30 times. The musical motif is announced frequently in the latter part of the preceding dance scene and is continued in the ontroduction of the following balcony scene. The song was originally composed in E-flat major (following an 8-bar introduction in B major). In the 1961 and 2021 film adaptations, both introduction and chorus were lowered by a whole step.
After Tony speaks her name once, the song opens with a recitative ("The most beautiful sound I ever heard") of eight bars which repeats her name ten times, before an aria begins after a key and tempo change. The tessitura of the aria rises slowly from the initial B$^2$–G♯$^3$ culminating in a B♭$^4$ (with an ossia on G$^4$). The aria ends on a sustained G$^4$.
The song is widely known for its use of the melodic interval of a tritone in the main theme. This is also a major motif throughout the other songs in the musical. The song is an example of the use of Lydian mode, which is the same as the major scale but with an augmented fourth.
Bernstein used "Maria" for his 1992 Concert Suite No. 1 from West Side Story.
Lin-Manuel Miranda used a line from its text and that line's melody for the 2017 song "Almost Like Praying" to support relief efforts in Puerto Rico in response to Hurricane Maria.
# Texas Superior Service Medal

The Texas Superior Service Medal is the fourth highest military decoration that can be conferred to service members of the Texas Military Forces. It can also be conferred to civilians. No devices are authorized for this decoration.

## Eligibility

The Texas Superior Service Medal may be conferred to: (A) a service member of the Texas Military Forces who has: (i) completed 30 or more years of honorable service or a combination of Texas and United States Armed Forces service; and (ii) continually demonstrated superior performance and service while assigned to key leadership positions demanding responsibility; or (B) a civilian who has contributed significant service to the Texas Military Forces.

## Authority
### Conferring

The Adjutant General of Texas.

### Legal

The Texas Superior Service Medal was established by Representative Dan Flynn in House Bill Number 2896, authorized by the Eightieth Texas Legislature, and approved by Governor Rick Perry on 15 June 2007, effective the same date.

## Description

The medal pendant is made of gold-finished bronze and measures 2 inches in diameter. The front side of the pendant features a raised, five-pointed star that is 1+1⁄4 inches in size. In the center of the star is a banner with the raised letters "TEXAS MILITARY FORCES." The words "SUPERIOR" and "SERVICE" are written in raised letters on the upper left and upper right parts of the star respectively. On the reverse side of the medal pendant, the name of the recipient and the date are inscribed. The pendant is suspended from a silk moiré ribbon that is 1+3⁄8 inches wide and composed of hunter green with two azure blue pin stripes. The ribbon also features three white stars that are centered within it, symbolizing the three branches of the Texas Military Forces.

## Recipients

| Date conferred | Service Member | Citation |
| December 14, 2013 | Command Sergeant Major Michael Parton | For 48 years of combined service in the Texas Military Forces and United States Armed Forces |
| October 29, 2017 | Lieutenant General Gerald R. Betty | For 41 years of combined service in the Texas Military Forces and United States Armed Forces |
| January 28, 2018 | Major General Howard Palmer | For 38 years of combined service in the Texas Military Forces and United States Armed Forces |
| May 23, 2019 | First Sergeant Keith D. Bickers | For 33 years of combined service in the Texas Military Forces and United States Armed Forces |
| July 28, 2019 | Colonel Joseph Jelinski Jr. | For 48 years of combined service in the Texas Military Forces and United States Armed Forces |
| August 1, 2019 | Major General Johann R. Kinsey | |
| August 23, 2019 | Brigadier General Thomas C. Hamilton |
| July 26, 2022 | Brigadier General Marco Coppola | For exceptionally meritorious service for 37 years in the Texas Military Forces and United States Armed Forces. |
# Necdet Öztorun

Necdet Öztorun (1924, Konya – 7 October 2010, Ankara) was a Turkish general. He was Commander of the First Army of Turkey (1983 – 1984) and then Commander of the Turkish Army (1985 – 1987).
Öztorun graduated from the Turkish Military Academy in 1943 and the Turkish Military College in 1959. He retired in 1987.
# St. Ann's Episcopal Church (Richford, Vermont)

St. Ann's Episcopal Church is an historic Episcopal church located on Church Street in Richford, Vermont, in the United States. Built in 1883, it is an architecturally a distinctive blend of Queen Anne and Gothic Revival architecture. On March 12, 2001, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places. The church is a defunct mission of the Episcopal Diocese of Vermont; no services are held there.

## Architecture and history

St. Ann's stands one block north of Richford's small business district, at the southwest corner of Church and Town Streets. It was originally built facing Town Street (then known as High Street), but was rotated ninety degrees in 1903 to its present siting. It is a narrow rectangular wood-frame structure, with a steeply pitched gable roof and stone foundation. The exterior is finished in non-original vinyl siding. The main entrance is in a square tower that projects from the northeastern corner, rising through a belfry to a bellcast roof and steeple. The interior of the church is where its Gothic features are found. The walls and floors are finished in smoky buttered tongue-and-groove wooden boards, with the roof supported by five large Gothic-arched trusses. A large stained-glass window adorns the south wall at the back of the sacristy.
The church was built in 1883 by the Episcopal Diocese of Vermont, its leaders having noted that the town lacked a significant religious presence, with two other denominations having been unsuccessful in starting congregations. The church was consecrated in 1894, following the Episcopalian practice of not doing so until the debts for its construction had been paid off. The church prospered along with the town through the First World War, but began a gradual decline thereafter. The building has been leased by the diocese to the local historical society, which is undertaking its restoration.
# Colton (given name)

Colton is a male given name, and may refer to:
* Colton Avery (born 1991), American singer and songwriter
* Colton Beck (born 1990), Canadian ice hockey player
* Colton Brennan (1983-2021), American football player
* Colton Collins (born 2004), American stock car racer
* Colton Cowser (born 2000), American baseball player
* Colton Dixon (born 1991), American singer
* Colton Dowell (born 1999), American football player
* Colton Dunn (born 1977), American comedian, actor, writer, and producer
* Colton Flasch (born 1991), Canadian curler
* Colton Fretter (born 1982), Canadian ice hockey player
* Colton Gillies (born 1989), Canadian ice hockey player
* Colton Gordon (born 1998), American baseball pitcher
* Colton Greene (1833–1900), American general
* Colton Harris-Moore (born 1991), American fugitive
* Colton Haynes (born 1988), American model and actor
* Colton Herta (born 2000), American racing driver
* Colton Hunchak (born 1997), Canadian football player
* Colton Iverson (born 1989), American basketball player
* Colton LeBlanc (born 1992), Canadian politician
* Colton Ledbetter (born 2001), American baseball player
* Colton Lott (born 1995), Canadian curler
* Colton McKivitz (born 1996), American football player
* Colton Moore (born 1993), American politician
* Colton Murray (born 1990), American baseball player
* Colton Orr (born 1982), Canadian ice hockey player
* Colton Parayko (born 1993), Canadian ice hockey player
* Colton Roche (born 1993), Irish rugby league footballer
* Colton Ryan (born 1995), American actor and singer
* Colton Sceviour (born 1989), Canadian ice hockey player
* Colton Schmidt (born 1990), American football player
* Colton Sissons (born 1993), Canadian ice hockey player
* Colton Smith (born 1987), American mixed martial artist
* Colton Storm (born 1994), American soccer player
* Colton Underwood (born 1992), American reality television personality
* Colton Yellow Horn (born 1987), Canadian ice hockey player
* Colton Welker (born 1997), American baseball player
* Colton White (born 1997), Canadian ice hockey player
# The Prisoner of Chillon

The Prisoner of Chillon is a 392-line narrative poem by Lord Byron. Written in 1816, it chronicles the imprisonment of a Genevois monk, François Bonivard, from 1532 to 1536.

## Writing and publication

On 22 June 1816, Lord Byron and his contemporary and friend Percy Bysshe Shelley were sailing on Lake Geneva (referred to as "Lac Leman", the French name, throughout the poem) and stopped to visit the Château de Chillon. After touring the castle (and walking through the dungeon in which Bonivard was imprisoned), Byron was inspired by Bonivard's story and composed The Sonnet of Chillon.
Because of torrential rainfall, Byron and his companion rested at a hotel in Ouchy following their tour. In late June or early July (several early drafts and copies present conflicting dates), Byron composed the longer fable. The work was probably completed by 2 July 1816. The Prisoner of Chillon was first published as The Prisoner of Chillon and Other Poems by John Murray on 5 December 1816.

### Structure

The work's themes and images follow those of a typical poem by Lord Byron: the protagonist is an isolated figure, and brings a strong will to bear against great sufferings. He seeks solace in the beauty of nature (especially in sections ten and thirteen), and is a martyr of sorts to the cause of liberty. Like much of Byron's work, it came about as a reaction to his own experiences as a traveller, making use of historical and geographical knowledge Byron gained in continental Europe.
Stylistically, it is a romantic verse-tale.

### Concept

The poem describes the trials of a lone survivor of a family who have been martyred. The character's father was burnt at the stake, and out of six brothers, two fell at the battlefield while one was burnt to death. The remaining three were sent to the castle of Chillon as prisoners, out of which two more died due to pining away. In time only the narrator lived.
While inspired by the story of Bonivard's imprisonment, the actual details of the story of the poem's protagonist do not fit the actual historical details of Bonivard's life and are rather the romanticized biography of a fictional prisoner.
# List of earthquakes in Montana

This is an incomplete list of earthquakes in the U.S state of Montana. Only earthquakes with a magnitude of 6.0 or greater are listed. Aftershocks are not included, unless they were of great significance or contributed to a death toll.

## Earthquakes

| Date | Location | Mag. | MMI | Deaths | Injuries | Damage / notes |
| 1959-08-18 | Hebgen Lake | 7.2 M$_w$ | IX | 28+ | | $11 million |
| 1935-10-31 | Helena | 6.0 M$_w$ | VIII | 2 | | Aftershock. |
| 1935-10-18 | Helena | 6.2 M$_s$ | VIII | 2 | | |
| 1925-06-27 | Townsend | 6.9 M$_w$ | IX | | 2 | $150,000 |
| 1897-11-04 | Dillon | 6.4 M$_w$ | | | | |
| Note: The inclusion criteria for adding events are based on WikiProject Earthquakes' notability guideline that was developed for stand-alone articles. The principles described also apply to lists. In summary, only damaging, injurious, or deadly events and those of scientific interest should be recorded. ||||||||