OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Virunga Mountains

The Virunga Mountains (also known as Mufumbiro) are a chain of volcanoes in East Africa, in the area where Rwanda, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), and Uganda meet. The mountain range is a branch of the Albertine Rift Mountains, which border the western branch of the East African Rift. They are located between Lake Edward and Lake Kivu. The name "Virunga" is an English version of the Kinyarwanda word ibirunga, which means "volcanoes".
The mountain range consists of eight major volcanoes. Most of them are dormant, except Mount Nyiragongo 3,462 metres (11,358 ft) and Mount Nyamuragira 3,063 metres (10,049 ft), both in the DRC. Recent eruptions occurred in 2006, 2010 and May 2021. Mount Karisimbi is the highest volcano at 4,507 metres (14,787 ft). The oldest mountain is Mount Sabyinyo, which rises 3,634 metres (11,923 ft) above sea level.
The Virunga Mountains are home of the endangered mountain gorilla, listed on the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species due to habitat loss, poaching, disease, and war (Butynski et al. 2003). The Karisoke Research Center, founded by Dian Fossey to observe gorillas in their native habitat, is located between Mount Karisimbi and Mount Bisoke.

## List of mountains peaks in the Virunga Mountain Range

| Name of mountain | Location | Elevation in metres | Elevation in feet |
| Mount Karisimbi | Rwanda / DRC | 4,507 | 14,790 |
| Mount Mikeno | DRC | 4,437 | 14,560 |
| Mount Muhabura | Rwanda / Uganda | 4,127 | 13,540 |
| Mount Bisoke | Rwanda / DRC | 3,711 | 12,180 |
| Mount Sabyinyo | Rwanda / Uganda / DRC | 3,674 | 12,050 |
| Mount Gahinga | Rwanda / Uganda | 3,474 | 11,400 |
| Mount Nyiragongo | DRC | 3,470 | 11,400 |
| Mount Nyamuragira | DRC | 3,058 | 10,031 |

## National parks

* Virunga National Park, Democratic Republic of the Congo
* Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda
* Mgahinga Gorilla National Park, Uganda

## In culture

* Michael Crichton's novel Congo is set mostly in the Virunga region.
* Gorillas in the Mist, and the novel of the same name, document the work and death of primatologist Dian Fossey. The camp from which she operated, Karisoke Research Center, still exists in the Virunga Mountains.
# Bond of Association

The Bond of Association was a document created in 1584 by Francis Walsingham and William Cecil after the failure of the Throckmorton Plot in 1583. Its purpose was to deter attempts to assassinate Elizabeth I.

## Contents

The document obliged all signatories to execute any person that:
* attempted to usurp the throne
* successfully usurped the throne
* made an attempt on Elizabeth's life
* successfully assassinated Elizabeth
In the last case, the document also made it obligatory for the signatories to hunt down the killer.

## Royal approval

Elizabeth authorised the Bond to achieve statutory authority.

## Implications

The Bond of Association was a response to the assassination of William the Silent in July 1584, and the continuing threat posed to Elizabeth I by the supporters of Mary, Queen of Scots as a rival claimant to the English throne, in the aftermath of the discovery of the Throckmorton Plot.
In March 1585, the Bond of Association was in part incorporated in the Act for the Queen's Safety.
The Bond was a key legal precedent for the execution of Mary, Queen of Scots, in 1587. Walsingham discovered alleged evidence that Mary, in a letter to Anthony Babington, had given her approval to a plot to assassinate Elizabeth and by Right of Succession take the English throne. Ironically, Mary herself was a signatory of the Bond.
# Martin Fitzgerald (hurler)

Martin Fitzgerald (born 1991) is an Irish hurler who plays as a midfielder at senior level for the Kildare county team.
Born in Ardclough, County Kildare, Fitzgerald was introduced to hurling in his youth. He played with the Holy Family Community School, while simultaneously enjoying championship success at under-age levels with the Ardclough club. Fitzgerald eventually joined the club's senior team.
Fitzgerald made his debut on the inter-county scene at the age of sixteen when he first linked up with the Kildare minor team, before later joining the under-21 team. He made his senior debut during the 2009 league. Fitzgerald has since gone on to play a key role for Kildare, and has won one Christy Ring Cup medal.
Martin once won a "Rear of the year" competition at The Court Nightclubs annual awards night for regulars, but the GPA informed him he couldn't accept the prize money and had to return the award.
He was appointed Kildare captain ahead of the 2019 season.

## Honours
### Team
#### Kildare

* Christy Ring Cup (1): 2014
# Ivan Seleznyov

Ivan Fyodorovich Seleznyov (Russian: Иван Федорович Селезнёв; 3 January 1856, in Kiev – 31 March 1936, in Kiev) was a Russian and Soviet painter and art teacher, known mostly for his historical paintings.

## Biography

He was born to a peasant family that originally came from Kaluga Governorate, Russian Empire. From 1872 to 1881, he studied at the Imperial Academy of Fine Arts with Pavel Chistyakov. While there, he was awarded two silver medals (1877, 1878) and one gold medal (1880), for his painting of Jacob recognizing Joseph's clothes.
Upon graduating, he received the title of "Artist" first degree for his painting of Saint Sergius blessing Dmitri Donskoy. The following year, his depiction of Prince Dmitriy Yurievich Krasny, the youngest son of Yury of Zvenigorod, won him a stipend to study in Rome. He was there from 1883 to 1886.
From 1886 to 1890, he taught at the Kiev Drawing School, operated by Nikolay Murashko. From 1898 to 1920, he gave classes at the Kiev Polytechnic Institute. After 1901, he also taught at the newly established Kiev Art College [ru] and served as Director there from 1911 to 1914. Among his more notable students were Boris Aronson, Mykhailo Kozyk, Boris Vladimirski and Karp Trokhymenko [uk].
He was one of the founders of the "Kiev Fellowship of Religious Painting" and served as its Chairman after 1908. He also did restoration work on the frescoes at St. Cyril's Monastery.

## Works

* Last chord (1885)
* Chapel (1892)
* Girl (date unknown)
* In Pompeii(1886)
# Heikki Hasu

Heikki Vihtori Hasu (born 21 March 1926) is a Finnish retired Nordic skier who competed in the 1948 and 1952 Olympics.

## Career

Hasu won a gold and a silver medal in the individual Nordic combined event, respectively, and a gold in the 4 × 10 km cross-country relay in 1952. He placed fourth in the individual 18 km race at both Olympics, losing the bronze medal by seconds and served as the Finnish flag bearer in 1952.
Hasu won two medals at the 1950 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships, with a gold in the Nordic combined and a silver in the 4 × 10 km relay. He won the Nordic combined event at the Holmenkollen ski festival in 1953. Hasu became the first Finn to be awarded the Holmenkollen medal in 1952 (shared with Stein Eriksen, Torbjørn Falkanger and Nils Karlsson). He is also the last Holmenkollen medalist to win in more than one nordic skiing discipline. Hasu was selected as the Finnish Sportsperson of the Year in 1948 and 1950.
Hasu was a farmer, and after retiring from competitions served two terms in the Parliament of Finland in 1962–66 and 1967–70. A statue in his honor is erected in Anjalankoski.

## Cross-country skiing results

All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).

### Olympic Games

* 1 medal – (1 gold)
| Year | Age | 18 km | 50 km | 4 × 10 km  relay |
| 1948 | 21 | 4 | — | — |
| 1952 | 25 | 4 | — | Gold |

### World Championships

* 1 medal – (1 silver)
| Year | Age | 18 km | 50 km | 4 × 10 km  relay |
| 1950 | 23 | — | — | Silver |
# James Daughton

James Daughton (born June 27, 1950) is an American film and television actor who is best known for his role as Greg Marmalard in National Lampoon's Animal House (1978). Daughton's portrayal of Marmalard has become iconic in American popular culture as the quintessential old money, preppy, WASP snob.
Raised in San Diego, California, Daughton had roles early in his career on Marcus Welby, MD, Room 222, Planet of the Apes (TV Series) (as Mikal in the episode "The Tyrant"), Happy Days (as the man who challenges Fonzie to water ski over the shark), and 1972 western The Revengers (as William Holden's son). He appeared in the television series Barnaby Jones, playing a character named Willie Grand in the April 1973 episode "The Murdering Class".
He also appeared in the 1982 film The Beach Girls, in which he was noted primarily for stripping naked and running into the sea. His other film appearances include Malibu Beach (1978), Swim Team (1979), Blind Date (1984), Spies Like Us (1985), Girlfriend from Hell (1989) and Sorority Boys (2002).

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1972 | The Revengers | Morgan | |
| 1978 | Malibu Beach | Bobby | |
| 1978 | Animal House | Greg Marmalard | |
| 1979 | Swim Team | Danny | |
| 1982 | The Beach Girls | Scott Daniels | |
| 1984 | Blind Date | Dave | |
| 1985 | Spies Like Us | Bob Hodges | |
| 1987 | House of the Rising Sun | Frankie | |
| 1988 | Mortuary Academy | Yuppie At Car Lot | |
| 1989 | Girlfriend from Hell | Randolph Osbourne III | |
| 1995 | Hologram Man | Captain / Chairman | |
| 2002 | Sorority Boys | Dave's Dad | (final film role) |
# Kumbha Ram Arya

Chaudhary Kumbha Ram Arya (10 May 1914 – 26 October 1995) also known as Kumbha Ram Sunda, was a freedom fighter, parliamentarian, and one of the popular leader of farmers from Rajasthan, India. He was elected to the 7th Lok Sabha from Sikar. He also served as Member of Rajya Sabha from 1960 to 1964 and then 1969–74 from Rajasthan.

## Career
### Involvement in the Freedom Movement

Arya's involvement in the Indian independence movement began in earnest when he participated in the Lahore Congress Adhiveshan in 1930. His participation led to his dismissal from the Forest Department. He then joined the Police Department, where he rose to the rank of Inspector. However, his commitment to the freedom struggle led him to resign from his police position to join the movement full-time.

### Political career

Arya's political career was marked by his dedication to social reform and the upliftment of farmers. He founded the political organization "Praja Parishad" with the help of democratic-minded politicians Mukta Prasad Vakil and Raghuvar Dayal Goyal. Arya became a prominent leader in the fight against the exploitation of farmers by Jagirdars (landlords) in the princely state of Bikaner.
He was imprisoned by the ruler of Bikaner for his activism but continued to advocate for farmers' rights. His efforts contributed to significant land reforms in Rajasthan, including the Rajasthan Protection of Tenants Ordinance of 1949 and the Rajasthan Land Reforms and Resumption of Jagirs Act of 19522.

### Parliamentary career

Kumbha Ram Arya served as a member of the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of India's Parliament, from 1960 to 1964 and again from 1969 to 1974. He was later elected to the Lok Sabha, the lower house, representing the Sikar constituency from 1980 to 1984.
# Landsnet

Landsnet (Icelandic pronunciation:, lit. 'National Grid') is a transmission system operator of the Icelandic high-voltage power grid. It is a public company owned by the Icelandic government (93.22%) and Orkuveita Reykjavíkur (6.78%). The Icelandic government acquired shares previously held by Landsvirkjun, RARIK and Orkubu Vestfjarða in December 2022.
Landsnet was established in 2005 by separating from Landsvirkjun. It is a member of the European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity.
# Al-Aqiser

Al-Aqiser (Arabic: الأقيصر, lit. 'Mini Palace') is an archeological site in Ayn al-Tamr near Karbala in Iraq with what has been described as the Oldest eastern Christian Church. Until recently it was used by Assyrians of the Chaldean Catholic Church. The site is currently suffering neglect and erosion.
# Roborock

Roborock (also known as Beijing Roborock Technology Co. Ltd.; Chinese: 北京石頭世紀科技有限公司) is a Chinese consumer goods company known for its robotic sweeping and mopping devices and handheld cordless stick vacuums. Xiaomi played a key role in the company's founding.

## History

Beijing Roborock Technology Co. Ltd. was founded in 2014 in Beijing, China. Its launch was largely supported by Xiaomi. The company raised about $640 million in its February 2020 IPO, and the company had annual revenue of approximately CNY 4.5 billion as of August 2021.
Roborock currently trades on Beijing's STAR market.

## Products

Newer models in Roborock's "S" line of robotic floor cleaning devices have an obstacle avoidance system which uses dual cameras and a microprocessor to discern objects as small as 5 cm wide by 3 cm high. As the cleaners move about a space they create a schematic map, marking objects to be avoided later.
Roborock has previously claimed that their floor cleaning devices do not store images or upload them to the cloud, and that all captured images are immediately deleted after processing.
Roborock introduced ReactiveAI 2.0 with the release of the Roborock S7 MaxV. It has an RGB camera and 3D structured light scanning with a new neural processor for improved object recognition regardless of lighting conditions.
In addition to their front-mounted cameras, newer Roborock floor cleaning devices use top-mounted LIDAR to map rooms. Using an app, users can set off-limits areas to ensure the device does not clean there. Users can also set "no-mop" areas where the device may vacuum but not mop.
Roborock Q7 Max, released in 2022, generates 4,200 Pa suction, and can be controlled by Alexa, Siri, or Google Assistant.
In 2023, Roborock released the S8, S8 Plus and S8 Pro Ultra. The main difference between the models is the docking station each includes. The S8 has a standard charging base whereas the S8 Plus includes an Auto-Empty Dock. The S8 Pro Ultra ships with the RockDock Ultra, the most advanced dock Roborock offers. In addition to emptying the S8's dustbin and charging the robot, the dock also manages the S8's mopping system including refilling its water and drying its mop pad. The S8 Pro Ultra is the first Roborock robot vacuum with lifting dual brushrolls. The S8 and S8 Plus have dual brushrolls but they do not lift. All models which precede the S8 have a single brushroll.
Roborock S7 MaxV Ultra has 5,100Pa suction and a livestreaming camera. Roborock S7, which debuted at CES 2021, uses trademarked VibaRise. Roborock S7 can detect the type of floor to use either its mop or vacuum. The Roborock S6 MaxV operates at 67 dB and generates maximum suction of 2,500 Pa. Its dustbin measures 460 mL at full capacity. It can vacuum approximately 250 square meters between charges, and its mop can cover about 200 square meters of hard flooring on the same charge. The Roborock S4 does not mop.
In 2022, Roborock released the Q5 which replaces the S models, and is similar to the S4 Max and the S5. The Q5 has a higher suction power but lacks the mop feature.
# 1862 Melbourne Cup

The 1862 Melbourne Cup was a two-mile handicap horse race which took place on Thursday, 13 November 1862.
This year was the second running of the Melbourne Cup and Archer's back-to-back wins would not be repeated again for over one hundred years, until Rain Lover's wins.
This is the list of placegetters for the 1862 Melbourne Cup.
| Place | Name | Jockey | Trainer | Owner | Weight | Starting price | Gap |
| 1 | Archer | John Cutts | Etienne L. de Mestre | Etienne L. de Mestre | 10 st 2 lb (64.4 kg) | 2/1 (3.00) | |
| 2 | Mormon | W. Simpson | | Mr P. Keighran | 9 st 12 lb (62.6 kg) | 4/1 (5.00) | 8 lengths |
| 3 | Camden | J. Morrison | | Mr J. Henderson | 8 st 7 lb (54.0 kg) | 4/1 (5.00) | 2 lengths |
The remaining runners were as follows (given in approximate finishing order where not known).
| Place | Name | Jockey | Weight | Starting price |
| 4 | Talleyrand | J. Ashworth | 9 st 12 lb (62.6 kg) | 4/1 (5.00) |
| 5 | Cedric | S. Davis | 7 st 7 lb (47.6 kg) | 100/1 (101.00) |
| 6 | Toryboy | W. Trainor | 7 st 13 lb (50.3 kg) | 100/1 (101.00) |
| 7 | Attila | Gill | 7 st 12 lb (49.9 kg) | 25/1 (26.00) |
| 8 | O.K. | Redman | 6 st 2 lb (39.0 kg) | 50/1 (51.00) |
| 9 | Ithuriel | H. Howard | 5 st 8 lb (35.4 kg) | 50/1 (51.00) |
| ? | Musidora | Greenwood | 6 st 3 lb (39.5 kg) | 10/1 (11.00) |
| ? | Ebor | Bates | 8 st 1 lb (51.3 kg) | 16/1 (17.00) |
| ? | Dun Dolo | Waterman | 7 st 0 lb (44.5 kg) | 25/1 (26.00) |
| ? | The Colonel | S. Waldock | 9 st 0 lb (57.2 kg) | 16/1 (17.00) |
| ? | Susan | Robinson | 8 st 0 lb (50.8 kg) | 100/1 (101.00) |
| ? | Paul Pry | Cousins | 7 st 13 lb (50.3 kg) | 16/1 (17.00) |
| ? | Flatcatcher | J. Carter | 9 st 4 lb (59.0 kg) | 100/1 (101.00) |
| ? | Moscow | Monaghan | 8 st 4 lb (52.6 kg) | 100/1 (101.00) |
| ? | Dauntless | J. Henderson | 8 st 2 lb (51.7 kg) | 50/1 (51.00) |
| ? | Bray | Solloway | 7 st 12 lb (49.9 kg) | 25/1 (26.00) |
| ? | Lady Constance | Perkins | 7 st 11 lb (49.4 kg) | 100/1 (101.00) |
# Jacqueline Maillan

Jacqueline Jeanne Paule Maillan (11 January 1923 - 12 May 1992) was a French actress with a career spanning almost five decades, known primarily for her forty theatre productions, she also appeared in more than fifty films (1947 to 1992) and is remembered as one of the greatest comedic thespians of her generation and even nicknamed "The Louis de Funès in skirt". After working on the classics of French theatre, she excelled in playing exuberant, strong and powerful women in vaudeville and boulevard on stage or in such films as Jean-Marie Poiré's cult Gramps Is in the Resistance (French: Papy fait de la résistance,1983) before pioneering stand-up in France. Her husband Michel Emer, who was Edith Piaf's composer, helped her hide her bisexuality (if not her sole homosexuality) from the public as they lived as a 'free couple' when it was then deeply stigmatized during the 1950s and 1960s. She was made a Chevalier (French: Knight) of the Légion d'honneur and Officer of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres.

## Selected filmography

| Year | Title |
| 1954 | Les Intrigantes |
| 1954 | Royal Affairs in Versailles |
| 1954 | Ah! Les belles bacchantes |
| 1957 | Burning Fuse |
| 1959 | Archimède le clochard |
| 1962 | How to Succeed in Love |
| 1962 | Tartarin of Tarascon |
| 1963 | Pouic-Pouic |
| 1963 | Les Bricoleurs |
| 1964 | How Do You Like My Sister? |
| 1983 | Gramps Is in the Resistance |
# Huskvarna Södra IS

Huskvarna Södra IS was established in 1930 and is a sports club in Huskvarna, Sweden. The club won the Swedish women's table tennis team championship in 1970 and 1972. The association football team played their home games at Hjärttorpsvallen near Tenhultsvägen. In 1987 the men's association football team merged with Husqvarna IF, leading to the establishment of Husqvarna FF.
The early 1970s saw the dawn of the club scoring women's association football successes., leading to the team playing in the Swedish top division in 1978 and 1979.
# Sanin Kaigan National Park

Sanin Kaigan National Park (山陰海岸国立公園, San'in Kaigan Kokuritsu Kōen) is a National Park in the Tottori, Hyōgo, and Kyōto Prefectures, Japan. Established in 1963, the park runs continuously along the Sea of Japan coast from Tottori to Kyōtango. The park covers an area of 87.83 km$^2$. Sanin Kaigan National Park is known for its numerous inlets, rock formations, islands, and caves.
The entire area of this national park is a part of San'in Kaigan Global Geopark.

## Sites of interest

* Genbudō Cave (玄武洞)
* Kasumi Coast (香住海岸)
* Tajima Coast (但馬海岸)
* Takeno Coast (竹野海岸)
* Tottori Sand Dunes
* Uradome Coast (浦富海岸)

## Noted fauna and flora

* Pinus thunbergii, the Japanese black pine
* Japanese martin
* Black-tailed gull

## Related municipalities

* Kyōto: Kyōtango
* Hyōgo: Kami, Shin'onsen, Toyooka
* Tottori: Iwami, Tottori
# The Black Saint and the Sinner Lady

The Black Saint and the Sinner Lady is a studio album by Charles Mingus. It was recorded on January 20, 1963, and released in July of that year by Impulse! Records. The album comprises a single continuous composition—partially written as a ballet—divided into four tracks and six movements. It is widely regarded as one of the greatest jazz records of all time.

## Recording

The album was recorded on January 20, 1963 by an eleven-piece band. Mingus has called the album's orchestral style "ethnic folk-dance music", and has been described by critics as blending "jazz and classical but also integrates elements of African music and Spanish themes." The album features liner notes written by Mingus and his then-psychotherapist, Edmund Pollock.
Bob Hammer was co-orchestrator and arranger for the album. In the book The Penguin Jazz Guide: The History of the Music in the 1000 Best Albums, Sue Mingus says: "In some fashion, Charles absorbed Bob Hammer's rehearsal band for a six-weeks gig he had at the Village Vanguard in 1963, which provided a unique opportunity to work out, night after night, one of his greatest compositions, The Black Saint and The Sinner Lady."
In the book Mingus Speaks, arranger Sy Johnson recollects: "Bob Hammer was very successful at that. He's a piano player, who was around here, in 1962 or something like that, when he did Mingus's masterpiece, as far as I concerned, a brilliant piece of orchestration and brilliant performance of The Black Saint and The Sinner Lady".

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Down Beat (Original LP release) | |
| All About Jazz | favorable |
| AllMusic | |
| Penguin Guide to Jazz | |
| Q | |
| The Rolling Stone Jazz Record Guide | |
The Black Saint and the Sinner Lady is among the most acclaimed jazz records of the 20th century. The album is often characterized by jazz and music critics as one of Mingus's two major masterworks (the other being Mingus Ah Um) and has frequently ranked highly on lists of the best albums of all time. Richard Cook and Brian Morton, writers of The Penguin Guide to Jazz, awarded the album a "Crown" token, the publication's highest accolade, in addition to the highest four-star rating. Steve Huey of AllMusic awards The Black Saint and the Sinner Lady five stars out of five and describes the album as "one of the greatest achievements in orchestration by any composer in jazz history." Q magazine describes the album as "a mixture of haunting bluesiness, dancing vivacity, and moments of Andalusian heat" and awards it four of five stars.
The album was included in Robert Dimery's 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Charles Mingus. All tracks have subtitles. The fourth track (side two on the original vinyl release) comprises three movements with individual titles and subtitles. The track lengths listed on the album sleeve are incorrect; the times listed below are the actual track lengths.
# TREAT-NMD

TREAT-NMD (Translational Research in Europe, Assessment and Treatment for NeuroMuscular Disorders) is a global academic network that focuses on advancing research in neuromuscular disorders. It was established in 2007 with its coordination centre at the Newcastle University. As of 2018, the network comprises over a hundred research centres and patient organisations from 54 countries as well as independent academics and patient representatives. The network's aim is to provide infrastructure to accelerating research through supporting collaboration between its members. Its main goals include improving trial-readiness worldwide, advancing patient diagnosis and care and accelerating pre-clinical research.
Through patient registries, TREAT-NMD provides genotype–phenotype correlation between genetic mutations and neuromuscular disease burden.