OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1861 in Portugal

Events in the year 1861 in Portugal.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Peter V (until 11 November); Luís I (from 22 December)
* Prime Minister: Nuno José Severo de Mendoça Rolim de Moura Barreto, 1st Duke of Loulé

## Events

* 22 April - Legislative election.

## Deaths

* 11 November – Pedro V of Portugal, king (born 1837)
# Creek Road Covered Bridge

Creek Road Bridge is a covered bridge spanning Conneaut Creek in Conneaut, Ashtabula County, Ohio, United States. The single span Town truss bridge is one of 16 bridges currently open to vehicle traffic in the county. The bridge's WGCB number is 35-04-12, and it is located approximately 3.4 mi (5.5 km) southwest of Conneaut.

## History

The original date of construction and opening date are not known. The bridge was last refurbished in 1994.

## Dimensions

* Length: 112 feet (34 m)
* Overhead clearance: 11 feet 4 inches (3.45 m)
* Underclearance: 25 feet (7.6 m)
# Cromer's Mill Covered Bridge

The Cromer's Mill Covered Bridge, spanning Nails Creek near Carnesville, Georgia, was built in 1907. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.
It is a Town Lattice truss bridge. It has also been known as Nails Creek Covered Bridge.
It is located 8 miles (13 km) south of Carnesville at Nails Creek.
The bridge rests on stone abutments at its ends and a central pier. A steel truss made of 12-inch steel I-beams was added under the north end of the bridge. And later a single wooden pole was installed to support one side of the bridge.
# Crooks Covered Bridge

The Crooks Covered Bridge is a single span Burr Arch Truss structure that crosses Little Raccoon Creek built in 1855-1856 by Henry Wolf just southeast of Rockville, Indiana.

## History

The exact history of this bridge has become hazy with the passing of time. A couple of different sources give varying years as to when certain things may have happened; what is consistent is that the bridge was moved from its original location sometime after 1863 maybe due to the road being abandoned. Some claim that the bridge actually washed downstream to its new location where new abutments were put under it and a road built to it. Still others claim that because the creek changed its course the bridge had to be dismantled and moved. Yet another claim is that General Arthur Patterson, one of the founders of Rockville, had the bridge rebuilt by J.J. Daniels in 1867 after a viewing committee, which included Daniels, recommended it be rebuilt. Daniels also recommended moving the bridge to the Darroch's Site because it was thought to be safe from flooding. This proved false though when the bridge had to be repaired in 1875 after being damaged by flooding.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.
# Crown Point Bridge, Indiana

The Crown Point Bridge is a covered bridge in the city of Crown Point in the U.S. state of Indiana. Originally built over the Little Flatrock River, two miles south of Milroy, Rush County, Indiana (Section 24, Township 12 North, and Range 9 East), the Milroy or Shelbourne Covered Bridge was built by Archibald M. Kennedy & Sons in 1878. Highway improvements in 1933 displaced the bridge, and it was moved to Crown Point, Indiana. John Wheeler led the preservation effort, having the structure dismantled, moved, and erected in the Lake County Fairgrounds over a gully.
The bridge is a single-span Burr Arch Truss. It has an 85-foot-long (26 m) span; with a 10-foot (3.0 m) portal at each end, its total length is 105 feet (32 m). The bridge has a clearance 16 feet (4.9 m) wide by 14 feet (4.3 m) high.
41°24′14″N 87°22′22″W﻿ / ﻿41.40396°N 87.37281°W﻿ / 41.40396; -87.37281
# The Age of Debt Bubbles

The Age of Debt Bubbles is a book on monetary policy and how money creation is produced by banks when they issue credit as loans, debunking fractional-reserve banking, and arguing that the debt-based monetary system creates the economic bubbles through excessive lending and therefor money creation that the Central banks have to pop through inverted yield curves and tight monetary policy, which causes unemployment to rise, job openings to fall, recessions, and depressions.

## Sections

* Understanding the Monetary System and Debt Bubbles in Modern Economies
*   * How Money Is Created in a Modern Economy
*   * Business Cycles, Debt Bubbles, and the Monetary System
*   * Analysis of the Formation of the Super Bubble
* Policy Makers and the Age of Debt Bubbles
*   * Why the Monetary Policy Framework in Advanced Countries Needs Fundamental Reform
*   * Money, the State, and the Market
*   * Monetary and Fiscal Policy Challenges in Europe Since 2000: A Comprehensive Analysis
*   * Politics and the Monetary and Banking System
# Bret Wood

Bret Wood is an Atlanta-based film director and author.

## Film career

Wood was born in Chattanooga, Tennessee, and attended the University of Tennessee. After living in New York City, where he was hired by Kino International, he moved to Atlanta, with wife Felicia Feaster.
Wood's most recent film is Those Who Deserve to Die, a supernatural revenge drama inspired by the novella The Avenger by Thomas De Quincey. His 2016 film The Unwanted was based on Sheridan Le Fanu's vampire tale Carmilla. His previous films include The Little Death (2010), Psychopathia Sexualis (2006), and Hell's Highway: The True Story of Highway Safety Films(2002), released by Kino International. His shorts include Judgement (2005), Rapture (2006), Security (2007), and The Other Half (2009).
In February 2007, his feature-length screenplay The Seventh Daughter was developed as part of Emory University's Brave New Works festival of plays. It was later named one of the winners of the first annual Atlanta Film Festival Screenplay Competition. In 2020, The Seventh Daughter was adapted as a ten-episode podcast from iHeart Radio.
In 2018, Wood wrote and directed the scripted podcast "The Control Group for Stuff Media.
As SVP and Producer of Archival Restorations for Kino Lorber, Wood's projects include Pioneers of African-American Cinema (2016), which won the Film Heritage Award from the National Society of Film Critics and Pioneers: First Women Filmmakers (2018, Kino Lorber), which won a Special Award from the New York Film Critics Circle.

## Writings

Wood is the author of the biography Tod Browning: une vie avec les freaks. He also co-authored the book Forbidden Fruit: The Golden Age of the Exploitation Film with his wife, Felicia Feaster. He edited the books Queen Kelly: The Complete Screenplay by Erich von Stroheim and Marihuana, Motherhood and Madness: Three Screenplays from the Exploitation Cinema of Dwain Esper. In 2013, Wood wrote the introduction to Centipede Press's edition of William Lindsay Gresham's Nightmare Alley, and edited an anthology of Gresham's selected works entitled Grindshow.
# Ahmet Erdengiz

Ahmet Erdengiz served as the ambassador of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) to the United States of America from 1998 to 2002 and since 2009, has been serving a four-year ambassadorial duty in Brussels, Belgium. Since the TRNC is not a recognized entity, his title was the Representative of the TRNC. In 2009, he began to serve as the Undersecretary of Foreign Affairs. He was also appointed to the Committee on Missing Persons in Cyprus as the Assistant to the Turkish Member.
# Marylake Carmelite Monastery

The Marylake Carmelite Monastery is a monastery for men seeking to become members of the Discalced Carmelites, a Catholic mendicant order.

## History

The area was first the Shrine Country Club of Little Rock, built in 1926. After the failure of the country club, the infamous Dr. John R. Brinkley set up shop in what he declared was "The World's Most Beautiful Hospital."
On December 22, 1951, the wife of L. G. LeTorneau agreed to sell what was then known as "Pine Lake Camp" to the Carmelite Friars. Br. Victor Kopycinski then moved to the building to prepare it for the arrival of a community of friars. Friar Felix DaPrato was elected Prior and offered the first Mass there on May 4, 1952. The chapel was dedicated on July 25 of the same year by Bishop Albert Fletcher, and after an "open house" of three days, he blessed the monastery and imposed the cloister on Sunday, July 27, 1952. The Marylake Cemetery was dedicated on October 26, 1966.
Today it is still used as a monastery for the Carmelite Brothers. Men wanting to become members undergo a year of intense prayer and training of Carmelite life at the monastery.

## Location

The monastery is located 15 miles south of Little Rock, Arkansas at 5151 Marylake Drive in East End, Arkansas.
# Planctomycetia

Planctomycetia is a class of aquatic bacteria.

## Phylogeny

| 16S rRNA based LTP_10_2024 | 120 marker proteins based GTDB 09-RS220 |
| Isosphaerales Gemmatales Planctomycetales Pirellulales | Isosphaerales Dedysh et al. 2020 Gemmatales Dedysh et al. 2020 Planctomycetales Schlesner and Stackebrandt 1987 Pirellulales Dedysh et al. 2020 |
# Gwenllian Lansdown

Gwenllian Lansdown Davies (born 1979) is a former Welsh Plaid Cymru politician, a former County Councillor for Riverside, and Chief Executive of Plaid Cymru between 2007 and 2011. She is currently the Chief Executive of Mudiad Ysgolion Meithrin (the "Nursery Schools Movement").

## Background

Lansdown-Davies was born in St Asaph, grew up in Bangor, Gwynedd and was educated at St Hilda's College, Oxford, where she was an exhibitioner. In 2001, she was awarded her BA (Hons) in Modern Languages (French and Spanish). She later studied at Cardiff University for a Master of Sciences in economics and later a PhD in Political Theory researching liberalism, communitarianism and multiculturalism. She worked as a tutor in Politics during research for her PhD.

## Political career

Vice-President of Union whilst at College and Chair of Plaid Cymru Student Federation in 2003, Lansdown's political interests include community development, international relations and the environment.
Lansdown was elected as County Borough Councillor on the Cardiff County Council on 10 June 2004, for the Riverside Electoral Division. The Riverside electoral division has an electorate of 9,513 (1 December 2005) and has 3 seats. She stood as number 3 on the Plaid Cymru regional list for South Wales Central at the 2007 National Assembly for Wales election.
Lansdown was Chief Executive of Plaid Cymru between September 2007, replacing Dr Dafydd Trystan, and June 2011, when Rhuanedd Richards was appointed to the role.
After the 2011 'Yes for Wales' referendum campaign, she resigned as Chief Executive of Plaid Cymru and as County Councillor for Riverside in order to move to Montgomeryshire with her new husband. She worked as Assistant Editor for the Welsh-language academic journal, Gwerddon and the Coleg Cymraeg Cenedlaethol in Aberystwyth University until 2014.
Since 2014, Gwenllian Lansdown Davies has been the Chief Executive of Mudiad Meithrin, which represents Welsh-medium childcare and early years providers and also delivers several Welsh-government funded projects relating to the transfer and use of the Welsh language in families. She sits on various government-sponsored committees in a number of policy fields. In 2019, she joined the Board of Trustees at the National Library of Wales. She also serves as Responsible Individual at her local Cylch Meithrin in a voluntary capacity.
She has 4 children.
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 1107

United Nations Security Council resolution 1107, adopted unanimously on 16 May 1997, after recalling Resolution 1103 (1997) on the United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina (UNMIBH) and United Nations International Police Task Force (UN-IPTF) in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Council authorised a further increase in the number of police personnel of UNMIBH.
The Security Council recalled the Dayton Agreement and increased the size of the police component of UNMIBH by 120 personnel, following a recommendation by the Secretary-General Kofi Annan concerning the tasks of the UN-IPTF. Member States were urged to provide qualified police monitors and other forms of assistance to the UN-IPTF and in support of the Dayton Agreement.
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 1243

United Nations Security Council resolution 1243, adopted unanimously on 27 May 1999, after considering a report by the Secretary-General Kofi Annan regarding the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF), the Council extended its mandate for a further six months until 30 November 1999.
The resolution called upon the parties concerned to immediately implement Resolution 338 (1973) and requested that the Secretary-General submit a report on the situation at the end of that period.
The Secretary-General's report pursuant to the previous resolution on UNDOF said that the situation between Israel and Syria had remained calm with no serious incidents though the situation in the Middle East as a whole remained dangerous until a settlement could be reached.
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 1351

United Nations Security Council resolution 1351, adopted unanimously on 30 May 2001, after considering a report by the Secretary-General Kofi Annan regarding the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF) and reaffirming Resolution 1308 (2000), the Council extended its mandate for a further six months until 30 November 2001.
The resolution called upon the parties concerned to immediately implement Resolution 338 (1973) and requested that the Secretary-General submit a report on the situation at the end of that period.
The Secretary-General's report pursuant to the previous resolution on UNDOF said that the situation between Israel and Syria had remained calm with no serious incidents though the situation in the Middle East as a whole remained dangerous until a settlement could be reached. It noted that both sides had co-operated with UNDOF and also highlighted the dangers of minefields.
# Drafting machine

A drafting machine is a tool used in technical drawing, consisting of a pair of scales mounted to form a right angle on an articulated protractor head that allows an angular rotation.
The protractor head (two scales and protractor mechanism) is able to move freely across the surface of the drawing board, sliding on two guides directly or indirectly anchored to the drawing board. These guides, which act separately, ensure the movement of the set in the horizontal or vertical direction of the drawing board, and can be locked independently of each other.
The drafting machine was invented by Charles H. Little in 1901 (U.S. Patent No. 1,081,758), and he founded the Universal Drafting Machine Company in Cleveland, Ohio, to manufacture and sell the instrument.
Drafting machines were present in the design offices of European companies since the 1920s. The Encyclopædia Britannica explicitly specifies 1930 as the year this tool was introduced, but an advertisement of "Memorie di architettura pratica" from 1913 places it twenty years before this date—at least in Italy.
In the older design sets, the movement of the protractor head was assured by a pantograph system that could keep the head in the same angular position throughout its range of motion. The arms were balanced by a system of counterweights or springs.
Typically, the machine is mounted on a drawing board with a hard and smooth surface, anchored to a base that allows its tilting and lifting. Thus, the realization of a drawing can be achieved in the most convenient way on a working surface that can be tilted at any angle from horizontal to vertical.
There are special versions for A0 double-sized boards, to make large drawings, or copying-boards with background illumination, which have all that is necessary to provide specific support.
With the drafting machine one can perform a series of drawing operations that otherwise could only be achieved with a much more complex use of the classic ruler square and protractor, as, for example, drawing parallel lines, orthogonal lines, inclined lines according to a preset angle, measurement of angles, etc.
With the development of computer-aided design (CAD), the use of drafting machines, especially in the professional sector, has drastically declined, supplanted first by pen plotters, and then by large-format inkjet printers.
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 1412

United Nations Security Council resolution 1412, adopted unanimously on 17 May 2002, after reaffirming resolutions 696 (1991), 864 (1993) and all subsequent resolutions on Angola, particularly Resolution 1127 (1997), the council suspended travel restrictions against UNITA officials the country after the signing of a memorandum of understanding between it and the Angolan government.
The Security Council recalled a statement from its president expressing readiness to amend or exempt measures imposed against UNITA if progress had been made. It welcomed the signing of a memorandum of understanding between UNITA and the government on 4 April 2002 relating to the Lusaka Protocol. Furthermore, the efforts of the Angolan government to promote peaceful and secure conditions and national reconciliation in the country were welcomed. The implementation of the Accordos de Paz, Lusaka Protocol and relevant Security Council resolutions was stressed, with UNITA urged to fully co-operate with the demobilisation, quartering and reintegration of its troops into civil society.
Recognising the need for UNITA officials to travel in order to advance the peace process and national reconciliation and acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, the council suspended the travel ban against UNITA officials for 90 days. The suspension would be reviewed at the end of the 90-day period. Other restrictions against UNITA remained in place.
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 1413

United Nations Security Council resolution 1413, adopted unanimously on 23 May 2002, after reaffirming all resolutions on the situation in Afghanistan, particularly Resolution 1386 (2001) and resolutions 1368 (2001) and 1373 (2001) on terrorism, the council extended the authorisation of the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) for an additional six months beyond 20 June 2002.
The security council recognised that the responsibility for providing security and law and order throughout Afghanistan resided with Afghans themselves. It appreciated the leadership of the United Kingdom for ISAF and the contributions of many nations to the force. Meanwhile, it noted Turkey's offer to assume the lead of ISAF. The council also determined the situation in Afghanistan to be a threat to international peace and security and required ISAF to fulfil its mandate.
Acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, the council extended the authorisation for ISAF in and around the capital Kabul for a further six months until 20 December 2002, and for all nations participating in ISAF to use all necessary measures to fulfil its mandate. States were called upon to provide personnel, equipment and other resources to ISAF and the voluntary trust fund.
Finally, the leadership of ISAF was required to submit monthly reports on the implementation of its mandate.
# Never Too Far (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Never Too Far is a studio album by American jazz singer Dianne Reeves issued in 1989 on EMI Records. The album peaked at number one on the US Billboard Contemporary Jazz Albums chart and No. 14 on the US Billboard Top R&B Albums chart.

## Overview

Never Too Far was produced by George Duke. The album spent two weeks atop the Billboard Contemporary Jazz Albums chart. Never Too Far was recorded at Ocean Way Recording and Le Gonks West in Los Angeles, California.

## Singles

"Never Too Far" and "Come In" reached Nos. 5 and 34 on the Billboard Hot R&B Singles chart, respectively.

## Critical reception

Johnathan Widran of AllMusic wrote "Helped along by the marvelous texturing skills of producer George Duke and the rhythms of such jazz heavies as Kirk Whalum, Luis Conte, Abe Laboriel, and Stanley Clarke, Reeves shows a grand affinity for a wide range of stylings...Never Too Far may be classified as an R&B album, but Reeves has the voice and soul of a true jazz diva."

## Charts

| Chart (1990) | Peak position |
| US Billboard 200 | 81 |
| US Top Contemporary Jazz Albums (Billboard) | 1 |
| US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums (Billboard) | 14 |
# Gerardo Lopez (soccer)

Gerardo Lopez (born March 1, 1998) is an American soccer player who plays as a defender.
On April 5, 2022, Lopez signed with MLS Next Pro independent side Rochester New York FC. He was released by the club following the 2022 season.

## Career statistics

    As of July 9, 2024
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Playoffs | Playoffs | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Albion San Diego | 2021 | NISA | 8 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 8 | 1 |
| Rochester New York | 2022 | MLS Next Pro | 22 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 25 | 0 |
| Redlands FC | 2024 | USL League Two | — | — | 1 | 0 | — | — | 1 | 0 |
| Career Total | Career Total | Career Total | 30 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 34 | 1 |
# Sphaeriodesmidae

Sphaeriodesmidae is a family of flat-backed millipedes in the order Polydesmida. There are about 15 genera and at least 90 described species in Sphaeriodesmidae.

## Genera

* Bonetesmus Chamberlin, 1942
* Colobodesmus Brolemann, 1905
* Cyclodesmus Humbert & DeSaussure, 1869
* Cylionus Cook, 1898
* Cyphodesmus Peters, 1864
* Desmonus Cook, 1898
* Eusphaeriodesmus Brolemann, 1916
* Haplocyclodesmus Attems, 1940
* Hybocestus Hoffman, 1959
* Ischnosphaeriodesmus Brolemann, 1916
* Lophocyclus Loomis, 1936
* Proeilodesmus Hoffman, 1990
* Sphaeriodesmus Peters, 1864
* Taphrodesmus Silvestri, 1910
* Tetraporosoma

## Species

* Sphaeriodesmus filamentosus, Loomis, 1974
# XIX (song)

"XIX" is a promotional single by American heavy metal band Slipknot and the opening track for their fifth major label studio album .5: The Gray Chapter.
The song was first released as a digital single on October 14, 2014 on the same day as its subsequent track "Sarcastrophe". It was the second promo released from the album. The official music video was uploaded to their official YouTube channel privately on October 5, 2015 and made available to subscribers to Outside the Nine updates early.

## Background

The song was uploaded to their official YouTube channel with a few days leading up to the release of .5: The Gray Chapter. The song was released along with "Sarcastrophe". Both featured original cover art. The song charted at number 36 on the US Rock Digital Songs chart.
An official music video was released for the song on October 5, 2015.

## Critical reception

Greg Kennelty described the song by saying "The song builds and builds, edging toward total paranoia, and finally arrives at… nothing." Metal Injection described the song as "Slipknot's most emo track off .5: The Gray Chapter."

## Charts

| Chart (2015) | Peak position |
| US Rock Digital Songs (Billboard) | 36 |
# Meadow Mari people

The Meadow Mari are a subgroup of the Mari people, a Volga Finnic ethnic group concentrated in the republic of Mari El in Russia. Meadow Mari comprise the majority of Mari in the Mari El republic. They live on the right bank of the Volga river, while the Hill Mari people live on the left bank. The ethnogenesis of these two subgroups, and formation of distinct dialects, probably took place in the 14th century. Meadow Mari comprise the majority of Mari, and their language variety is more widespread than the Hill Mari language. Meadow Mari are often considered to be distinct from the related Eastern Mari living in Tatarstan and Bashkortostan.
Meadow Mari mainly practice traditional Mari religion. They are believed to be descendants of the Azelino culture.