OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tubia in Mauretania

The Diocese of Tubia (Dioecesis Tubiensis) is a suppressed and titular see in the province of Mauritania Caesariensis of the Roman Catholic Church. Tubia was a city in North Africa during the Roman, Byzantine and Vandal empires that is identifiable with the ruins of Henchir-Toubia (Qar`at aţ Ţūbīyah).

## Bishopric

Felix was the only known bishop of this African diocese from antiquity. He is known as he took part in the Council of Carthage (411), between Catholic and Donatist bishops of Roman Africa. (Felix was a Catholic)
Today Tubia survives as titular bishopric, the current bishop is José Cayetano Parra Novo.

### Known bishops

* Felix (fl 411 )
* Pierre-Jean-Marie-Louis Peurois, OFM † (May 25, 1936 – March 13, 1959)
* Alfred Bengsch (May 2, 1959 – August 16, 1961, Bishop of Berlin)
* Théophile Mbemba (11 November 1961 – 23 May 1964 of Brazzaville)
* Juozapas Pletkus (8 November 1967 – 29 September 1975)
* Otto Wüst (27 November 1975 – 21 September 1982 bishop of Basel)
* Dominik Hrušovský (18 December 1982 – 27 July 2016 Belarus).
* José Cayetano Parra Novo, from 11 November 2016.
# Battle of Kaliakra (1912)

The Battle of Kaliakra, usually known as the Attack of the Drazki (Bulgarian: Атаката на Дръзки) in Bulgaria, was a maritime action between four Bulgarian torpedo boats and the Ottoman cruiser Hamidiye in the Black Sea. It took place on 21 November 1912 at 32 miles off Bulgaria's primary port of Varna.
During the course of the First Balkan War, the Ottoman Empire's supplies were dangerously limited after the battles in Kirk Kilisse and Lule Burgas and the sea route from the Romanian port Constanţa to Istanbul became vital for the Ottomans. The Ottoman navy also imposed a blockade on the Bulgarian coast and on 15 October, the commander of the cruiser Hamidiye threatened to destroy Varna and Balchik, unless the two towns surrendered.
On 21 November an Ottoman convoy was attacked by the four Bulgarian torpedo boats Drazki (Bold), Letyashti (Flying), Smeli (Brave) and Strogi (Strict). The attack was led by Letyashti, whose torpedoes missed, as did those of Smeli and Strogi, Smeli being damaged by a 150 mm round with one of her crewmen wounded. Drazki however got within 100 meters from the Ottoman cruiser and her torpedoes struck the cruiser's starboard side, causing a 10 square meter hole.
However, Hamidiye was not sunk, due to her well-trained crew, strong forward bulkheads, the functionality of all her water pumps and a very calm sea. She did however have 8 crewmen killed and 30 wounded, and was repaired within months.
After this encounter, the Ottoman blockade of the Bulgarian coast was significantly loosened.
# Expointer

Expointer is an agricultural show with national importance in Brazil that occurs every year in the Parque de Exposições Assis Brasil in the city of Esteio, in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul.
It is considered the largest livestock show in Latin America. Brazilian politician Raul Jungmann described the show as "a symbol of gaucho pride".
The first edition occurred on February 24, 1901, in Porto Alegre.
In 1999, Expointer was at the centre of a political dispute between state governor Olívio Dutra and landowners over land reform. After the state landowner's association threatened to boycott the 99th edition of the fair in 2000, the Dutra government conceded a 30-day suspension of land audits and a new commission to examine the state's productivity indices to end the boycott threat.
In 2004 the fair received a record public of 720 thousand people.
No Expointer was held from 1915-18, 1940-45 nor 2021.
# Isaiah 38

Isaiah 38 is the thirty-eighth chapter of the Book of Isaiah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet Isaiah, and is one of the Books of the Prophets.

## Text

The original text was written in Hebrew language. This chapter is divided into 22 verses.

### Textual witnesses

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets (916), Aleppo Codex (10th century), Codex Leningradensis (1008).
Fragments containing parts of this chapter were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls (3rd century BC or later):
* 1QIsa$^a$: complete
* 1QIsa$^b$: extant: verses 12, 14‑22
There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; ${\mathfrak {G}}$$^B$; 4th century), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK: ${\mathfrak {G}}$$^S$; 4th century), Codex Alexandrinus (A; ${\mathfrak {G}}$$^A$; 5th century) and Codex Marchalianus (Q; ${\mathfrak {G}}$$^Q$; 6th century).

## Parashot

The parashah sections listed here are based on the Aleppo Codex. Isaiah 38 is a part of the Narrative (Isaiah 36–39). {P}: open parashah; {S}: closed parashah.
    {S} 38:1-3 {S} 38:4-8 {S} 38:9-22 {S}

## Verse 8

   Behold, I will bring again the shadow of the degrees, which is gone down in the sun dial of Ahaz, ten degrees backward. So the sun returned ten degrees, by which degrees it was gone down.
In the parallel account in the Second Book of Kings, Hezekiah is given a choice of whether to see the shadow move forward ten degrees or move backward ten degrees, and he chooses the more challenging backward option.

## Canticle

Verses 10 to 20 are also known as the Song of Hezekiah or Canticle of Ezechias, with the incipit ego dixi ("I said"), appearing in the Roman Breviary for Lauds on Tuesdays, and also in the Office of the Dead.

## Verse 21

One of the salient features of this chapter is found in verse 21 (repeated in 2 Kings 20:7), where the prophet Isaiah instructs physicians to take-up a fig-cake and to rub it over Hezekiah's boil (וַיֹּאמֶר יְשַׁעְיָהוּ יִשְׂאוּ דְּבֶלֶת תְּאֵנִים וְיִמְרְחוּ עַל הַשְּׁחִין וְיֶחִי‎ = Now Isaiah had said, 'Let them take a cake of figs and apply it to the boil, that he may recover.').
The rabbis, in their homiletical explanations, explain the action of taking a fig-cake and rubbing it over a boil as being a "miracle within a miracle," since the act of rubbing a boil with figs has the ordinary effect of aggravating a skin-condition, and, yet, Hezekiah was cured of his skin-condition.
# Adolf Insam

Adolf Insam (born 4 August 1951) is an Italian ice hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1984 Winter Olympics.
# Street Fighter (disambiguation)

Street Fighter is a Japanese video game series and multi-media franchise produced by Capcom.
Street Fighter may also refer to:

## Capcom franchise

* Street Fighter (video game), the first game in the series
* Street Fighter (1992 film), an unlicensed animated film
* Street Fighter (1994 film), a live-action film
** Street Fighter (soundtrack), the original soundtrack for the film
* Street Fighter (TV series), an animated television series
* Street Fighter (Malibu Comics), a 1993 comic book series
* Street Fighter (UDON comics), a 2003 comic book series

## Other media

* The Street Fighter, a 1974 Japanese film starring Sonny Chiba
* The Streetfighter, an alternative name for Hard Times, a 1975 film starring Charles Bronson
* Streetfighter, a 1985 album by The Four Seasons
* "Street Fighter", a song by Blackfoot from the 1980 album Tomcattin'
* "Street Fighter", a song by Quiet Riot from the 2001 album Guilty Pleasures
* "Street Fighter", a song by Pom Pom Squad

## Other uses

* A person who participates in street fighting
* Streetfighter, a type of customized motorcycle
** Ducati Streetfighter, a naked motorcycle based on the above design principle
* Streetfighter, a conceptual ship design that was part of the United States Navy SC-21 program
# Tecumseh Junior – Senior High School

Tecumseh Junior – Senior High School is a dual public high school and junior high school in Lynnville, Indiana. Its athletic nickname is the "Braves", and it participates in the Pocket Athletic Conference, although in 2007 the football program left the conference and began playing independently. It is a grade 7-12 education facility operated by the Warrick County School Corporation. The campus sits in between the towns of Lynnville and Elberfeld, the towns from which students attend. Students from the town of Selvin also attend THS.
Correct pronunciation of the school is /təˈkʌmsi/tə-KUM-see. The school was named after the now-defunct Tecumseh coal mines outside of Lynnville, which were operated by Peabody Coal Company, now Peabody Energy.
Tecumseh High School was created in 1965 as a result of the consolidation of Lynnville High School and Elberfeld High School. Selvin High School had been folded into Lynnville in 1962. From 1965-1982, Tecumseh was a 9-12 high school located in the former Lynnville High School building. Grades 7-8 had been housed at Lynnville Elementary School and Elberfeld Elementary School. A new building, which houses grades 7-12, opened in 1982, and the name was formally changed to "Tecumseh Junior - Senior High School."
A plan in 2008 to move grade 6 to the facility to make Tecumseh a middle-high school by 2011 faced opposition and wasn't implemented. The proposed move would have brought Tecumseh into line with the school corporation's desire to move from a junior high to middle school concept countywide. The concept was implemented at the remaining county schools.

## Facilities

The campus consists of a main school building, tennis courts, a softball field, greenhouse, baseball training buildings, and a house and barn in the back. The school is divided into 2 and a half levels, the upper levels mainly reserved for upperclassmen and the lower reserved for the junior high students. The wood shop, agriculture classes, the cafeteria and pool are located on the mid-level. The art class is located on the lower level. A family and consumer sciences (formerly known as home economics) classroom is located on the upper level. This school has no elevator, but is ADA compliant with a large ramp.
A new sports complex is being built behind the school was completed in 2014. The school's track, football field, and baseball field are still located near the former high school location in the town of Lynnville (3 miles away) and next to Lynnville Elementary School.
# Hearing (disambiguation)

Hearing is the ability to perceive sounds through an organ, such as an ear, by detecting vibrations.
Hearing or The Hearing may also refer to:
* Hearing (law), a formal examination of a case before a judge or other decision-making body
** Preliminary hearing
** United States congressional hearing
* "The Hearing", a episode of Dynasty (1981 TV series) season 2
* "The Hearing", a two-part episode of Dynasty (1981 TV series) season 4
# St. Mary's Church (Abingdon, Maryland)

St. Mary's Church is a historic Episcopal church in Abingdon, Maryland. It is a small Gothic Revival parish church It was built about 1851 and carefully designed in the "Early English" manner with gray rubble stone walls, cut Port Deposit granite trim, and a very steep slate-covered roof. It features an ornamental chimney, with a fleur-de-lis, the symbol of the Virgin Mary, in a bas-relief panel. It is the only church in America to have a complete set of stained glass windows designed by William Butterfield, the English Gothic Revival architect. Johannes Oertel did the chancel paintings.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.

## Notable interments

* James H. Broumel (died 1948), Maryland delegate
* James McLean (died 1956), Maryland delegate
# Battle of Zaragoza (1913)

The Battle of Zaragoza took place during the Mexican Revolution in late November 1913, a few days after the Battle of Tierra Blanca. Pancho Villa's trusted commander, the American soldier of fortune, E.L Holmdahl attacked the camp of a group of Huertist who were raiding rebel territory from the US. Holmdahl, despite being outnumbered, attacked and trapped the enemy, killing 172 while the remaining 28 were executed by his men against Holmdahl's orders.

## Battle

A few days after the Battle of Tierra Blanca, Villa's subordinate, the American soldier of fortune E.L Holmdahl, led a patrol of forty mounted men through the desert south east of Juárez, searching for a band of Huerta troops who were raiding Villa's supply lines. Based in the Texas border town of Ysleta, fifteen miles east of EL Paso, the band crossed the Rio Grande into Mexico on daring raid and then fled back to safety in Texas.
Holmdahl was tipped off to the whereabouts of the raiders by a US army officer, an old comrade in the 20th Infantry Regiment now stationed in El Paso. With this information, Holmdahl was able to slip up on the group's camp at dawn, near the town of Zaragoza and, although there were at least 200 federals, Holmdahl struck hard and fast.
By positioning his men between the Federal camp and the river, Holmdahl's surprise attack cut off the enemies escape route and scattered most of the bands towards the river town of Zaragoza. Riding into town, Holmdahl was hit with a rifle bullet entering the top of his shoulder blade near the base of his neck and coming out beneath the shoulder blade. Knocked out of the saddle, Holmdahl watched his men shoot many of the raiders and capture 28 of them, while the remaining 172 were killed in the engagement. His, believing their commander dead, lined the prisoners against an adobe building wall and shot them.

## Aftermath

The wounded Holmdahl was taken to El Paso, where under the care of American doctors, he recovered and returned to the front.
# Luma Arcade

Luma Arcade was a video game developer with origins in South Africa. The company was founded in 2006 and is headquartered in San Francisco, with development offices in Johannesburg and a satellite office in Portland.

## History

Luma Arcade was a developer of video games from 2006 to 2013. Initially a division of Luma Studios, a South African animation services provider, Luma Arcade was later spun out as an independent company with staff in San Francisco, Johannesburg, and Portland before being acquired in a private sale in 2013 to an undisclosed buyer.

## Games Developed

| Title | Year | Genre | Platform | Publisher |
| Bladeslinger | 2012 | Action Shooter | iOS, Android | Kerosene |
| Racer | 2011 | Racing | Android | Google |
| The Harvest | 2010 | Action RPG | Windows Phone 7, Microsoft Windows | Microsoft Games Studios |
| REV | 2009 | Racing | Microsoft Windows, Mac | N/A |
| Flipt" | 2009 | Puzzle Platformer | iOS | Instant Action |
| Marble Blast Mobile | 2008 | Puzzle Platformer | iOS | Instant Action |
| Mini #37 | 2007 | Racing | Microsoft Windows | N/A |
# Temecula Preparatory School

Temecula Preparatory School is a tuition-free, K-12, public charter school located in French Valley, California, just north of Temecula. The school is sponsored by the Temecula Valley Unified School District and was formerly managed and operated by Heritage Classical Charter Schools of America. It follows the principles of Classical Education, with an emphasis on the four platonic virtues from antiquity: Justice, Prudence, Fortitude, and Temperance. TPS athletic teams have won several league championships. TPS curriculum has an emphasis on the arts and provides instruction in theater, art and music.
# PH (disambiguation)

pH is a measure of acidity or alkalinity.
PH, ph, pH, and Ph may also refer to:

## Arts and media

* PistonHeads, a motoring website and forum
* PH (band), formerly known as Mr. Peter Hayden, a Finnish band
* Pornhub, a pornographic video sharing website
* Production house

## Aviation

* Prefix for the Netherlands; see List of aircraft registration prefixes
* IATA airline designator for Polynesian Airlines; see List of airline codes (P)
* Transavia Denmark (IATA: PH)

## Companies and organizations

* Parker-Hannifin Corporation (stock ticker PH)
* Pakatan Harapan (also known as "Alliance of Hope"), a political coalition in Malaysia
* Pizza Hut, a pizza restaurant chain

## Places

* Port Harcourt, (alternative name of the city)
* Preston Hollow, Dallas, a neighborhood
* PH postcode area, postcode area in Scotland

## Science and technology
### Chemistry

* Phenyl group, either -Ph or Φ, highly-stable and aromatic hydrocarbon unit found in many organic compounds
* Pleckstrin homology domain, a part of many proteins which bind phosphoinositides with high affinity

### Computing

* .ph, the Philippines' Internet country code top-level domain
* Ph protocol, an early web database search for CCSO Nameserver described by RFC 2378
* PH (complexity), the union of all complexity classes in the polynomial hierarchy in computational complexity theory

### Physics

* Phot, or ph, a measurement of illuminance, in photometry
* Picohenry, an SI Unit of electrical inductance

### Other sciences

* Planet Hunters, a group that hunts for exoplanets
* Precipitation hardening, a heat treatment technique used to increase the yield strength of malleable materials
* Pulmonary hypertension, a medical condition

## Other uses

* pʰ, a phoneme
* Ph (digraph), a common digraph that represents the phoneme /f/ (voiceless labiodental fricative) in phonetics
* PH, abbreviation for professional hunter used in East and Southern Africa
* (ph), a notation used in transcripts to indicate that the transcriber does not know the spelling, usually of a name, and has spelled it as it was pronounced (phonetically)
* pH Care, a feminine hygiene brand in the Philippines owned by UL Skin Sciences, Inc., a subsidiary of Unilab
* PH (footballer) (born 1991), Brazilian footballer Philippe Guimarães
* Poul Henningsen (1894–1967), Danish writer and designer known in Denmark as PH
* Professional hunter
* Public house, most commonly referred to as pub, an establishment licensed to serve alcoholic drinks
* Purple Heart, a US military award, in post-nominal designation
* Pinch hitter, in baseball
* abbreviation used to denote the English regnal years of Philip II of Spain
* P$^ḥ$, abbreviation (e.g. on maps) for parish, also in the meaning of civil parish
* Phillips, a type of cross-head screw drive bits
* ⲣⲏ, Coptic for the Egyptian deity Ra
* Patrouilleurs Hauturiers program of the French Navy
# Tvrdošovce

Tvrdošovce (Hungarian: Tardoskedd) is a large village and municipality in the Nové Zámky District in the Nitra Region of south-west Slovakia.

## Geography

The municipality lies at an altitude of 120 metres and covers an area of 55.56 km$^2$.

## History

In historical records, the village was first mentioned in 1221. After the Austro-Hungarian army disintegrated in November 1918, Czechoslovak troops occupied the area, later acknowledged internationally by the Treaty of Trianon. Between 1938 and 1945 Tvrdošovce once more became part of Miklós Horthy's Hungary through the First Vienna Award. From 1945 until the Velvet Divorce, it was part of Czechoslovakia. Since then it has been part of Slovakia.

## Population

It has a population of 5088 people.

## Facilities

The village has a small public library, swimming pool, gym and a football pitch.

## Photos

* open air railway museum
* open air railway museum
* open air railway museum
# Mangarh massacre

The Mangarh massacre occurred on 17 November 1913, when British and Indian troops attacked the stronghold of Govindgiri Banjara at the end of the Bhil Revolt. It occurred on a hillock in the Mangarh Hills of Rajasthan. There are no accurate figures for the number of Bhil, Banjara who were killed, but estimates range from "several Bhils died" to the oral tradition that 1,500 Banjara tribals were killed.

## Background

Govindgiri Banjara was a social and religious reformer among the tribes (adivasi) of the Rajasthan and Gujarat areas of India. He had run afoul of the local princely state rulers, notably Sunth, Banswara, Idar, and Dungarpur because of his critique of the Indian hierarchy and its exploitation of the adivasi, and the subsequent social disruptions by his followers that his doctrines caused.

## October–November 1913

Fleeing from an attempt by the ruler of Idar State to capture Govindgiri, Govindgiri Banjara and his adherents formed a defensive position on a hillock in the Mangarh Hills on the borders of the princely states of Banswara and Sunth. On 31 October, some of his followers attacked the police outpost at Gadhran, looted it, killed one police constable and took another officer captive. On 1 November, some of his followers unsuccessfully attacked the Parbatgadh fort in Sunth. Meanwhile, bands of Bhil from the Mangarh Hills were attacking and looting local villages in both Sunth and Banswara. Police were dispatched from both Banswara and Sunth to end the assembly, but negotiations failed. So the rulers sought a military solution. Units of Imperial Service Troops and the Mewar Bhil Corps besieged the hillock. On 12 November 1913, Govindgiri and his deputy Punja Pargi (aka Punja Dhirji) sent a delegation to the British with their list of grievances, "but negotiations did not take place." However, the commanding officer did give the delegation an ultimatum: Disband before 15 November. The Bhil stood firm and stayed. On 17 November 1913, the Indian and British forces attacked the Bhil defensive works, and captured Govindgiri Banjara and his deputy Punja Pargi as well as 900 prisoners.

## Mangarh Dham

A monument was built on the hillock honouring the victims of the massacre. In November 2022, it was declared a national monument. In 2017, plans were begun to put a Tribal Freedom Struggle Museum there as well. The museum was completed in 2022.

## Name and legacy

At the time of the Mangarh massacre little note was made of it, in part because the victims were mere tribesmen, and details only appeared in local or regional documents. However as Indian nationalism grew, so did interest in past injustices, with the 1919 Jallianwala Bagh massacre taking center stage. As a result, the Mangarh massacre was often referred to as the Adivasi Jallianwala Bagh or the Jallianwala Bagh of Vagad in reference to the better known one.
# IFK Gävle

IFK Gävle was a sports club in Gävle, Sweden. It was founded on 12 March 1897 and the club used the old spelling of their home town's name, IFK Gefle, until 1943.
The club has been active in a great number of different sports, like bandy, figure skating, gymnastics, handball, ice hockey, soccer, tennis and track and field athletics. From 2001, only the women's soccer team section remained until the club was dissolved in November 2013.
The club was runner-up to the Swedish bandy championship in 1907, where the final game, played at home ice, was lost against IFK Uppsala.

## Honours
### Domestic

* Swedish Champions:
** Runners-up (1): 1907