# 1992 Italian Senate election in Lombardy

Lombardy elected its eleventh delegation to the Italian Senate on April 5, 1992. This election was a part of national Italian general election of 1992 even if, according to the Italian Constitution, every senatorial challenge in each Region is a single and independent race.
The election was won by the centrist Christian Democracy, as it happened at national level. Seven Lombard provinces gave a majority or at least a plurality to the winning party, while the Swiss-bordering Province of Varese and Province of Como preferred the federalist Northern League.

## Background

After quite five decades of exceptional political stability, the election of 1992 marked a revolution. Umberto Bossi's Northern League, acting as a catch-all party, took votes from all other parties on a base of tax protest and a federalist project. Christian Democracy lost more than in the previous 30 years, the former Communists, now divided between the Democratic Party of the Left and the Communist Refoundation Party, more than ever, as well as all the other parties.

## Electoral system

The electoral system for the Senate was a strange hybrid which established a form of proportional representation into FPTP-like constituencies. A candidate needed a landslide victory of more than 65% of votes to obtain a direct mandate. All constituencies where this result was not reached entered into an at-large calculation based upon the D'Hondt method to distribute the seats between the parties, and candidates with the best percentages of suffrages inside their party list were elected.

## Results

| Party | votes | votes (%) | seats | swing |
| Christian Democracy | 1,414,109 | 25.2 | 14 | 4 |
| Northern League | 1,150,022 | 20.5 | 11 | 10 |
| Democratic Party of the Left | 726,737 | 12.9 | 7 | 5 |
| Italian Socialist Party | 694,008 | 12.4 | 7 | 1 |
| Communist Refoundation | 316,355 | 5.6 | 3 | 2 |
| Italian Republican Party | 232,292 | 4.1 | 2 | = |
| Italian Social Movement | 197,110 | 3.5 | 1 | 1 |
| Federation of the Greens | 175,721 | 3.1 | 1 | = |
| Italian Liberal Party | 143,473 | 2.6 | 1 | = |
| Lombard Alpine League | 119,153 | 2.1 | 1 | 1 |
| Others & PSDI & PR | 452,169 | 8.0 | - | 2 |
| Total parties | 5,621,749 | 100.0 | 48 | = |
Sources: Italian Ministry of the Interior Note: PRC as a spinoff of PCI/PDS merged with DP.

### Constituencies

| N° | Constituency | Elected | Party | Votes % | Others |
| 1 | Bergamo | Renato Ravasio Speroni's second election | Christian Democracy | 33.5% 22.6% | seat ceded to Pagliarini |
| 2 | Clusone | Severino Citaristi Luigi Moretti Elidio De Paoli | Christian Democracy Northern League Lombard Alpine League | 37.3% 26.3% 3.5% | |
| 3 | Treviglio | Andreino Carrara Giancarlo Pagliarini | Christian Democracy Northern League | 33.9% 20.7% | |
| 4 | Brescia | Mino Martinazzoli Francesco Tabladini | Christian Democracy Northern League | 30.8% 22.3% | |
| 5 | Breno | Maria Paola Colombo Vittorio Marniga | Christian Democracy Italian Socialist Party | 32.9% 14.0% | |
| 6 | Chiari | Bruno Ferrari Leoni already elected | Christian Democracy | 35.4% 21.4% | |
| 7 | Salò | Elio Fontana Luigi Roscia | Christian Democracy Northern League | 30.5% 24.3% | |
| 8 | Como | Gianfranco Miglio | Northern League | 27.6% | |
| 9 | Lecco | Cesare Golfari Luigi Roveda | Christian Democracy Northern League | 29.8% 22.5% | |
| 10 | Cantù | Giuseppe Guzzetti Elia Manara | Christian Democracy Northern League | 28.8% 25.4% | |
| 11 | Cremona | Walter Montini Marco Pezzoni | Christian Democracy Democratic Party of the Left | 26.6% 16.9% | |
| 12 | Crema | Mario Campagnoli | Christian Democracy | 31.4% | |
| 13 | Mantua | Roberto Borroni | Democratic Party of the Left | 16.6% | Paolo Gibertoni (LN) 20.3% |
| 14 | Ostiglia | Giuseppe Chiarante Gino Scevarolli | Democratic Party of the Left Italian Socialist Party | 25.3% 14.2% | |
| 15 | Milan 1 | Antonio Maccanico Carlo Scognamiglio | Italian Republican Party Italian Liberal Party | 16.6% 9.0% | |
| 16 | Milan 2 | Giorgio Covi Unconstitutional result Unconstitutional result | Italian Republican Party | 11.1% 6.2% 4.5% | seat ceded to Resta seat ceded to Molinari |
| 17 | Milan 3 | Giuseppe Resta | Italian Social Movement | 5.3% | |
| 18 | Milan 4 | Maccanico's second election | | 12.2% | seat ceded to Covi |
| 19 | Milan 5 | Agata Alma Campiello Emilio Molinari | Italian Socialist Party Federation of the Greens | 13.7% 4.2% | |
| 20 | Milan 6 | Giovanna Senesi Giorgio Ruffolo | Democratic Party of the Left Italian Socialist Party | 16.5% 14.5% | |
| 21 | Abbiategrasso | Achille Cutrera | Italian Socialist Party | 14.5% | |
| 22 | Rho | Carlo Smuraglia Giorgio Gangi Luigi Vinci | Democratic Party of the Left Italian Socialist Party Communist Refoundation | 16.7% 14.3% 7.7% | |
| 23 | Monza | None elected | | | |
| 24 | Vimercate | Luigi Granelli | Christian Democracy | 25.7% | |
| 25 | Lodi | Anna Maria Pedrazzi | Democratic Party of the Left | 18.3% | |
| 26 | Pavia | Pierangelo Giovannoli | Democratic Party of the Left | 15.6% | |
| 27 | Voghera | Luigi Meriggi | Communist Refoundation | 7.7% | |
| 28 | Vigevano | Carlo Pisati Armando Cossutta | Northern League Communist Refoundation | 21.8% 8.9% | |
| 29 | Sondrio | Vittorino Colombo Giampaolo Paini Francesco Forte | Christian Democracy Northern League Italian Socialist Party | 29.8% 23.7% 16.4% | |
| 30 | Varese | Giuseppe Zamberletti Giuseppe Leoni | Christian Democracy Northern League | 26.1% 25.3% | |
| 31 | Busto Arsizio | Francesco Speroni | Northern League | 27.8% | |
* No senator obtained a direct mandate. The electoral system was, in the other cases, a form of proportional representation and not a FPTP race: so candidates winning with a simple plurality could have (and usually had) a candidate (usually a Christian democrat) with more votes in their constituency.

### Substitutions

* Paolo Gibertoni for Mantua (20.3%) replaced Luigi Moretti in 1992. Reason: resignation.