OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# California Density Bonus Law

The California Density Bonus Law (DBL, California Government Code 65915) is a 1979 California statute which grants developers of housing a density bonus, or the ability to exceed city-mandated density limits for their projects, if certain affordable housing prerequisites are met. The law has been repeatedly amended since its enactment, largely in order to ameliorate the state's housing shortage. The original bill, AB 1151, was co-drafted by Mike Roos and Tom Bates in the California State Assembly (and co-sponsored by Senators Wilson, Marks and Carpenter), and was signed into law by then-Governor Jerry Brown on October 1, 1979.

## Amendments

* AB 1866 (2002), permits for second units a ministerial act and forces local governments to grant nearly any request for a density bonus.
* SB 1818 (2004) increased the maximum density bonus for certain affordable housing projects from 25% to 35%, and required cities to provide affordable housing builders with three incentives of the developer's choice.
* AB 2222 (2014)
* In 2016:
** AB 2501
** AB 2442
** AB 2556
** AB 1934
* AB 1763 (2019) amends the DBL to allow 100% affordable housing projects.
* AB 2345 (2020) increases the maximum density bonus from 35% to 50%, provided that at least one of three thresholds are met (15% of all units reserved for “very low income” housing, 24% of all units are reserved for “low income”, 44% of all units are reserved for “moderate income”).
* SB 290 (2021) expands the DBL to include affordable housing for low income college students.
* AB 1551 (2022), reinstated the ability to seek DBL benefits for commercial projects.
* AB 2334 (2022) Allows a housing development project in 17 counties to receive added height and unlimited density if the project is located in an urbanized very low vehicle travel area, at least 80 percent of the units are restricted to lower income households, and no more than 20 percent are for moderate income households.
* AB 1287 (2023) provide an additional density bonus and an additional incentive for projects that provide very low or moderate-income units
* AB 2694 (2024) expands the definition of a density bonus-eligible development to include a residential care facility for the elderly.
* AB 2430 (2024) prohibits local governments from charging monitoring fees for certain affordable housing developments, including those developments using the Density Bonus Law as well as those subject to a regulatory monitoring agreement with the state.
# Jean-Baptiste Massip

Jean-Baptiste Massip (1676 in Montauban – 1751 Montauban) was an 18th-century French lawyer, poet, playwright and librettist.
After completing his studies, Massip obtained a law degree and devoted himself to the bar. A lawyer by the Parlement, Massip wrote a large number of elegant and delicate French and Gascon songs before heading to Paris where he was able to conciliate the esteem of the chancelier de Pontchartrain who appointed him his gentleman, gave him a position of royal censor, with pension, and bequeathed him a pension of five hundred pounds when he died in 1727.
The sympathies that had hosted his first poetic productions emboldened him to compose for the stage and so, aged 58, he wrote for the Académie royale de musique, les Fêtes nouvelles (Paris, J.-B. Ballard, 1734, in-4°), ballet with three entrées, with prologue, music by Duplessis le cadet, which was presented with success at the Opéra, 12 July 1734. Later, Massip wrote la Coquette démasquée, five-act comedy in prose for the Comédie-Italienne and la Mort d’Alexandre, a tragedy.
He also authored some Poésies fugitives and an Épître au Roi on the illness which threatened Louis XV's life in Metz.
Massip was a member of the literary society founded in Montauban by Le Franc de Pompignan.

## Sources

* Émerand Forestié, Biographie de Tarn-et-Garonne, Montauban, 1860, (p. 153-7).
# Watcyn Thomas

Watcyn Thomas (16 January 1906 – 10 August 1977) was a Welsh rugby union player who captained Wales in the early 1930s.
Thomas was born in Llanelli and educated at Llanelli County School and at University College, Swansea. While still at school he was the first captain of the newly formed Welsh Secondary Schools XV in 1924. He then joined Llanelli RFC, moving to Swansea in December 1927. A teacher by profession, he moved to St Helens to teach at Cowley Grammar School in 1929, and played rugby for Waterloo and Lancashire, captaining Lancashire to the championship in 1934–35.
After Llanelli's victory against the touring New Zealand Maoris, he won his first cap for Wales against England in 1927. Against Scotland in 1931 he played for 70 minutes with a broken collarbone and scored a try. As captain he led Wales to victory over England at Twickenham in 1933, overcoming the "Twickenham bogey" that had haunted Wales. However, after the match against Ireland the same year, Thomas fell out with the selectors, who had selected a prop as flanker and a flanker as prop for the match. Thomas ignored this and played them in their usual positions, and never played for Wales again.
In 1936 he moved to Birmingham to teach at King Edward VI School Aston, and died in that city in 1977. An extension to a building at the school, opened in May 2008, is named in his honour.
He was the first Welsh man to be president of the English Schools Rugby Football Union.

## Biography

* Hughes, Gareth (1983) One Hundred Years of Scarlet (Llanelli Rugby Football Club) ISBN 0-9509159-0-4
* Smith, David; Williams, Gareth (1980). Fields of Praise: The Official History of The Welsh Rugby Union. Cardiff: University of Wales Press. ISBN 0-7083-0766-3.
# Oleksandr Klymets

Oleksandr Serhiyovych Klymets (Ukrainian: Олександр Сергійович Климець; born 14 February 2000) is a Ukrainian professional footballer who plays as a left midfielder for Ukrainian club Epitsentr Kamianets-Podilskyi.
# Porsuk Dam

Porsuk Dam is a dam in Turkey. The dam on the Porsuk River is located on the border of Eskişehir and Kutahya.
The development was backed by the Turkish State Hydraulic Works.
# Sarton (crater)

Sarton is a lunar impact crater that lies beyond the northwestern limb of the Moon, on the far side from the Earth. It is located to the southwest of the crater Coulomb, to the north of the walled plain Landau. Nearly attached to the northwestern rim is the smaller Weber.
Although roughly circular, this is a somewhat oddly shaped crater that is slightly elongated to the south. The western and eastern outer rims are slightly straightened, giving the crater a slightly hexagonal form. The inner wall is wider along the southern and southeastern sides than in the north. The crater is worn and its features have lost some definition. The interior floor is nearly level, with the exception of a double-peaked central rise. To the northwest of this ridge is a small, cup-shaped crater.
Sarton lies within the Coulomb-Sarton Basin, a 530 km wide impact crater of Pre-Nectarian age. The craters Sarton Y and Sarton Z are closest to the center of the basin.

## Satellite craters

By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Sarton.
| Sarton | Latitude | Longitude | Diameter |
| L | 47.0° N | 120.0° W | 48 km |
| Y | 51.5° N | 121.3° W | 26 km |
| Z | 51.6° N | 120.6° W | 29 km |
Sarton Y and Z are the only craters with fractued floors in the immediate vicinity. This may be related to their position in the topographical low in the center of the Coulomb-Sarton basin.
# CSS Forrest

CSS Forrest was a wooden-hulled Confederate gunboat that saw action in the North Carolina sounds in 1861 to 1862. Despite being considered "worn out", she saw continuous service until destroyed after the battle of Elizabeth City in February 1862.

## Ship history

The Forrest was originally named the J. A. Smith when launched in 1855. Designed as a canal boat, she was converted to steam in 1856. The Smith was bought at Norfolk in 1861 and renamed Weldon N. Edwards in honor of the President of the North Carolina Secession Convention. She was ordered to Hatteras Inlet by Flag Officer Samuel Barron on July 27, 1861:
   from which place you will make every exertion to defend the coasts of that State and harass and annoy the commerce of the enemy. Should you make prizes you will send them either to Norfolk, Va., or some port in North Carolina, as your judgment may determine to be most proper, proceeding in accordance with the law of the Confederate States on the subject of prizes. You will ship any seamen that may offer.
Edwards patrolled Hatteras Inlet in North Carolina under the command of Lt. J. Cooke. In August 1861, Cooke reported to Flag Officer Barron that his ship was "entirely worthless, the boilers worn out and the timbers of his vessel rotten."
By early October, the tug was back in Norfolk, where on the 3rd she received orders from Flag Officer French Forrest to return quickly to Roanoke Island and place the gunboat at the service of local CSN commander William Lynch.
At some point in late 1861, the Edwards name was changed to Forrest. She was part of a five gunboat fleet that attempted to provoke the Union forces at anchor at Hatteras Inlet on November 3, 1861. The Union gunboats did not reply to the Confederate challenge, so the Confederate gunboats retreated with the Curlew towing Forrest back home.
On December 30, 1861, Forrest had to be towed by Curlew to Edenton for repairs. By January 3, 1862, she was back with the rest of the Mosquito Fleet at Roanoke Island. For the rest of the month, Forrest was involved in towing schooners and performing patrolling duties.
Forrest participated in the Battle of Roanoke Island on February 7, 1862, during which her commanding officer, Lt. J. L. Hoole, CSN, was seriously wounded. Furthermore, Forrest was disabled late in the action "by the displacement of her propeller" and towed to Elizabeth City, N.C., for repairs. There, three days later, while out of water on the marine railway, she was burned to prevent capture by Union forces.
# CSS J. A. Cotton

CSS J. A. Cotton was a Confederate sidewheel partial ironclad gunboat that was burned by her own crew in Bayou Teche off Brashear City, Louisiana, United States, on 15 January 1863 to prevent her being captured by Union forces after she was badly damaged in a battle against United States Navy gunboats.

## Construction

J. A. Cotton was built in Jeffersonville, Indiana, United States in 1861. Where she was launched and completed that same year. The ship was taken into Confederate service by 1862. She was assessed at 549 GRT and was armed with a 32-pounder smoothbore and a 9-pounder rifle. The ship was also modified with a cotton-and-timber casemate. She also had a small amount of railroad iron fitted onto her side, which could classify her as an ironclad.

## American Civil War Service and Loss

J. A. Cotton was in use as a gunboat for the Confederate side of the American Civil War and mainly operated in Berwick Bay and Bayou Teche. It was in Bayou Teche where she would see her first action of the war as on 3 November 1862, J. A. Cotton engaged the four Union gunboats USS Kinsman, USS Calhoun, USS Estrella and USS Diana near Cornay's Bridge. J. A. Cotton stood her ground against the combined 27 gun barrage from the Union gunboats for one and a half hours, being only hit a few times but without causing major damage to the vessel. In comparison all Union gunboats were hit and slightly damaged with USS Kinsman being hit more than 50 times, resulting in the deaths of two crew with four more being wounded. During the following two days, the Union gunboats engaged J. A. Cotton twice more in battle. Both encounters had the same outcome as the first with both sides suffering only light casualties and damage.
J. A. Cotton's next encounter would occur on 14 January 1863 as she was ordered to attack Union general Godfrey Weitzel's forces at Berwick Bay, Louisiana. However Weitzel had learned of her plan and send out the four gunboats which had encountered J. A. Cotton in November 1862 to fight her again. The Union gunboats steamed into the Bayou Teche alongside Union transports to attack J. A. Cotton and Confederate shore batteries stationed at Bayou Teche below Franklin, Louisiana. When the opposing forces finally met, the Union gunboats fought J. A. Cotton again while the Union's land-based units engaged the Confederate infantry in rifle pits. The battle would carry on into the following day and by the night of 15 January 1863 with J. A. Cotton had gotten badly damaged in the fighting. Seeing no way of saving the ship, her crew set the ship ablaze to potentially serve as a blockship and especially to avoid being captured by the enemy off Brashear City, Louisiana, United States.

## Wreck

The J. A. Cotton was scuttled by her own Confederate crew and sank in Louisiana's Bayou Teche. In 1871, government officials commissioned the removal of all obstructions impeding steamboat travel along the waterway, including the wreckage of J. A. Cotton and other sunken vessels.
# CSS Nashville (1853)

CSS Nashville was a brig-rigged, side-paddle-wheel passenger steamer that served with the Confederate Navy during the Civil War.

## History

Originally a United States Mail Service ship, the USMS Nashville was built at Greenpoint, Brooklyn in 1853. Between 1853 and 1861 she was engaged in running between New York City and Charleston, South Carolina. During the Battle of Fort Sumter, the USMS Nashville sailed into Charleston without flying the US national standard and was fired upon by the USRC Harriet Lane which marked the first shot of the naval war in the Civil War. The Nashville raised the American flag, and after the surrender of Sumter, the Nashville docked at Charleston.
After the fall of Fort Sumter, the Confederates captured her at Charleston and fitted her out as a cruiser. Under the command of Lieutenant Robert B. Pegram, CSN, she ran the blockade on October 21, 1861, and headed across the Atlantic to Southampton, England, the first ship of war to fly the Confederate flag in English waters. On November 19, 1861, near the British Isles, she boarded and burned an American merchant ship, the Harvey Birch, the first such action by a Confederate commerce raider in the North Atlantic during the war.
Nashville returned to Beaufort, North Carolina on February 28, 1862, having captured two prizes worth US$66,000 during the cruise. In this interval she was sold for use as a blockade runner and renamed Thomas L. Wragg.
On November 5, 1862, she was commissioned as the privateer Rattlesnake. After she ran fast aground on the Ogeechee River, Georgia, the monitor USS Montauk destroyed her with shell fire from 11-inch (279-mm) and 15-inch (381-mm) turret guns on February 28, 1863.
British writer Francis Warrington Dawson (born Austin John Reeks), then a youth of 21, joined the crew of the Nashville in 1862 in order to make passage from Britain to the Confederacy, with whose cause he sympathized. He later wrote a book about his experience as an expatriate Briton in the Confederacy, Reminiscences of Confederate Service, 1861-1865, the first seven chapters of which detail his observations and experiences aboard the Nashville.
# Tilla, Estonia

Tilla is a village in Mulgi Parish, Viljandi County in Estonia.
# CSS Stonewall Jackson

CSS Stonewall Jackson was a cottonclad sidewheel ram of the Confederate Navy during the American Civil War.
Stonewall Jackson was selected in January 1862, by Capt. James E. Montgomery to be part of his River Defense Fleet at New Orleans. On 25 January Montgomery began to convert her into a cottonclad ram by placing a 4-inch (100 mm) oak sheath with 1-inch (25 mm) iron covering on her bow, and by installing double pine bulkheads fitted with compressed cotton bales.

## Service history

Stonewall Jackson's conversion was completed on 16 March 1862. Under Capt. G. M. Phillips she was detached from Montgomery's main force and sent to Forts Jackson and St. Philip on the lower Mississippi to cooperate in the Confederate defense of New Orleans. There, with five other vessels of Montgomery's fleet, all under Capt. J. A. Stevenson, she joined the force under Capt. J. K. Mitchell, CSN, commanding Confederate naval forces in the lower Mississippi.
On 24 April 1862 a Union fleet under Flag Officer David Farragut, USN, ran past Forts Jackson and St. Philip on its way to capture New Orleans. In the engagement Stonewall Jackson rammed USS Varuna, which had already been struck by CSS Governor Moore. With Varuna's shot glancing off her bow, Stonewall Jackson backed off for another blow and struck again in the same place, crushing Varuna's side. The shock of the blow turned the Confederate vessel, and she received five 8-inch shells from Varuna, abaft her armor. Varuna ran aground in a sinking condition, and Stonewall Jackson, chased by USS Oneida coming to Varuna's rescue, was driven ashore and burned.
# CSS Ellis

CSS Ellis (later USS Ellis) was a gunboat in the Confederate States Navy and the United States Navy during the American Civil War. It was lost during a raid while under command of famed Navy officer Lieutenant William B. Cushing.

## Confederate Service

The Ellis was purchased at Norfolk, Virginia in 1861 by the State of North Carolina and turned over to the Confederacy when that State became a member. With Commander W. T. Muse, CSN, in command, she played an important part in the defense of Fort Hatteras and Fort Clark in Hatteras Inlet, North Carolina on August 28–29, 1861, of Roanoke Island on February 7–8, 1862, and of Elizabeth City, North Carolina on February 10, 1862; that day she was captured by the Union Army after a desperate struggle in which her commander, Lieutenant James W. Cooke, CSN, was badly wounded.

## U.S. Navy Service

Ellis was taken into the U.S. Navy and assigned to the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron. She was placed under the command of Lieutenant C. L. Franklin, USN, and spent her entire U.S. Navy service in the sounds and rivers of North Carolina.
Ellis took part in a combined expedition which captured Fort Macon, near Beaufort, North Carolina, on April 25, 1862. She had a brief engagement with Confederate cavalry off Winton, North Carolina on June 27, 1862, and from August 15 to 19, 1862, she made an expedition to Swansboro, North Carolina, to destroy salt works and a battery. On October 14, 1862, she was detailed to the blockade of Bogue Inlet, and a week later, captured and burned the schooner Adelaide with a valuable cargo of turpentine, cotton, and tobacco.

## Final Action

In November 1862, Ellis, under command of Lieutenant William B. Cushing, sailed up New River Inlet to capture Jacksonville, North Carolina. The steamer captured two schooners, some arms and mail. On her way down river, Ellis ran aground on November 24, 1862, and could not be re-floated. After dark, her commanding officer moved all the crew except six and all her equipment and supplies except her pivot gun, some ammunition, two tons of coal, and a few small arms to one of the captured schooners. While the schooners slipped down the river to wait, Cushing and five of his men remained to fight it out. Early on the morning of November 25, 1862, the Confederates opened fire on Ellis, and in a short time, Cushing was forced to decide between surrender and a pull of a mile and a half to a waiting schooner. Cushing chose not to surrender, and before leaving his ship, set fire to her in five places, leaving the gun trained on the enemy to let the ship herself carry on the fight when flames would fire the cannon. Cushing and his men reached the schooner and made for the sea, getting the vessel over the bar just in time to escape several companies of cavalry trying to cut off the schooner at the mouth of the inlet. Ellis was blown to pieces by the explosion of her magazine on the morning of November 25, 1862.
# Atlas (crater)

Atlas is a prominent lunar impact crater that is located in the northeast part of the Moon, to the southeast of Mare Frigoris. Just to the west is the slightly smaller but still prominent crater Hercules. Northeast of Atlas is the large crater Endymion.
The inner wall of Atlas is multiply terraced and the edge slumped, forming a sharp-edged lip. This is a floor-fractured crater with a rough and hilly interior that has a lighter albedo than the surroundings. Floor-fractures are usually created as a result of volcanic modifications.
There are two dark patches along the inner edge of the walls; one along the north edge and another besides the southeast edges. A system of slender clefts named the Rimae Atlas crosses the crater floor, and were created by volcanism. Along the north and northeastern inner sides are a handful of dark-halo craters, most likely due to eruptions. Around the midpoint is a cluster of low central hills arranged in a circular formation.
Atlas is a crater of Upper (Late) Imbrian age.
The name Atlas was formally recognized by the IAU in 1935.
Its southwest quadrangle is characterised by an extremely high rockfall density by lunar standards.$^{:2,3}$

## Satellite craters

By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Atlas.
| Atlas | Latitude | Longitude | Diameter |
| A | 45.3° N | 49.6° E | 22 km |
| D | 50.4° N | 49.6° E | 25 km |
| E | 48.6° N | 42.5° E | 58 km |
| G | 50.7° N | 46.5° E | 23 km |
| L | 51.3° N | 48.6° E | 6 km |
| P | 49.6° N | 52.7° E | 27 km |
| W | 44.4° N | 44.2° E | 4 km |
| X | 45.1° N | 45.0° E | 5 km |

## Exploration

The Atlas crater was the primary landing site of the Hakuto-R Mission 1 by ispace, that launched on December 11, 2022. separating from the rocket 47 minutes later at a distance around 970 kilometres (600 mi) away from Earth. If it had been successful, this mission would have been the first private landing on the lunar surface, and would have been the first Japanese probe to land on the Moon.
Communication with Hakuto-R Mission 1 was lost during the final moments of descent to the lunar surface at 16:40 UTC (00:40 JST) on 25 April 2023. The iSpace team confirmed that the $90 million dollar spacecraft had most likely crashed during its landing on the Moon. Analysis determined that the lander plummeted uncontrollably when the propellant was exhausted. This happened because the onboard computer wrongly assumed the radar altimeter was faulty, and ignoring its data, misjudged the actual altitude of the spacecraft and kept hovering 5 kilometers above the surface of the Moon.
# Odilon Redon, or The Eye Like a Strange Balloon Mounts Toward Infinity

Odilon Redon, or The Eye Like a Strange Balloon Mounts Toward Infinity is a Canadian short drama film, directed by Guy Maddin and released in 1995. The film stars Jim Keller and Caelum Vatnsdal as Keller and Caelum, a father and son who compete for the affections of Berenice (Brandy Bayes), a woman they have rescued from a train crash.
The film was commissioned by the BBC as part of a series in which filmmakers were asked to create short films inspired by other artists. Maddin chose French painter Odilon Redon, focusing in particular on The Eye Like a Strange Balloon, one of the charcoal illustrations Redon did for the first published French translation of the works of Edgar Allan Poe.
The film had its theatrical premiere at the 1995 Toronto International Film Festival, where it received an honorable mention from the Best Canadian Short Film award jury.