OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lake Oswego Railroad Bridge

The Lake Oswego Railroad Bridge (also known as the Union Pacific Railroad Bridge at Lake Oswego and formerly as the Southern Pacific Railroad Bridge at Lake Oswego) is a truss railroad bridge that spans the Willamette River between Lake Oswego, Oregon and Oak Grove, Oregon. Owned by the Union Pacific Railroad, it is currently leased by the Portland and Western Railroad and carries the Milwaukie branch.

## History

The bridge was built in 1910 by the Beaverton and Willsburg Railroad, a subsidiary of Southern Pacific Company, in response to the desires of Portland city planners for an eastside railway bypass to keep rail traffic out of downtown Portland. Robert Wakefield, later involved with the Steel Bridge, was the builder. With its acquisition of Southern Pacific in 1996, Union Pacific Railroad assumed ownership of the bridge. Currently, the bridge is operated by the Portland and Western Railroad under a lease from Union Pacific.

## Description

The entire bridge is 1,378 feet (420 m) in length. On the west (Lake Oswego) side, there is a 50-foot (15 m) deck plate girder approach span that was built in 1900 and moved to this location in 1931. In 1934, a 60-foot (18 m) open-deck trestle was built on this side of the river. Holding the railway deck across the river are two 298-foot (91 m) through truss spans. Completing the bridge on the east side in Oak Grove is a 668-foot (204 m) open-deck trestle.

## Usage

Though the bridge is now used exclusively for active freight rail transport, some Portland-area commuters have urged that the bridge be modified to allow commuter rail or bicycle traffic.
# Gunder Gundersen

Gunder Gundersen (12 September 1930 – 2 June 2005) was a Norwegian Nordic combined skier and sports official. He was born in Asker.

## Competitive career

During his active career he won two individual FIS Nordic World Ski Championships medals (1954: silver, 1958: bronze) and the Holmenkollen ski festival three times (1952, 1959 (shared with Sverre Stenersen, and 1960). He finished eleventh in the Nordic combined event at the 1960 Winter Olympics in Squaw Valley.
Gundersen received the Holmenkollen medal in 1959 and represented the club IF Frisk Asker.

## Post-retirement career

Gundersen was the Technical Director of the Nordic combined individual event at the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, New York.
His most significant impact on Nordic combined was creating the "Gundersen method", in use since 1985. This method recalculated the ski jumping points into cross-country skiing start times with the athletes then starting at staggered times with the winning ski jumper starting first. For the 15 km individual and the 7.5 km sprint, the difference between the competitors at the start of the cross country portion of the event was one ski jumping point equaling four seconds. For the 4 × 5 km team event, one ski jumping point equaled 3 seconds, but this was changed in 1995 to one point equaling 1.5 seconds, then in 2005 to one point equaling one second, and then again in 2009 to one point equaling 1.33 seconds.
# Stein Berg Johansen

Stein Berg Johansen (born 10 June 1969) is a retired Norwegian football striker and current coach.
He was born in Levanger, but grew up in Svolvær. He started his career in Svolvær IL and made his senior debut at the age of 18. In 1989, he transferred to FK Mjølner and played in the 1989 Norwegian First Division (highest tier). He scored 10 league goals and was capped thrice for the Norway national under-21 football team. He studied at Narvik University College, later the University of Tromsø.
In 1991, he joined the first-tier club Tromsø IL. He scored the club's first European goal, in the 1991–92 UEFA Cup, and won the 1996 Norwegian Football Cup. He also played for SFK Lyn briefly in 1994, and in 1999 for FK Lofoten. He also had a short spell in Tromsdalen UIL in 2001, but was forced to retire due to injury.
Stein Berg Johansen started a coaching career for Tromsø IL's junior team in 2002. In 2009, he became head coach of Harstad IL.
He is the brother of Ørjan Berg Johansen and Vegard Berg Johansen
# Shahadat Hossain (disambiguation)

Shahadat Hossain (born 1986) is a Bangladeshi cricketer.
Shahadat Hossain may also refer to:
* Shahadat Hossain (actor) (born 1976), Bangladeshi actor and radio personality
* Shahadat Hossain (cricketer, born 2002), Bangladeshi cricketer
* Shahadat Hossain (Satkhira politician)
* Shahadat Hossain (Chittagong politician)
# Ringiste

Ringiste is a settlement in Valga Parish, Valga County in southeastern Estonia.
An area in Ringiste is called Nakatu.
# Li Jing (PRC general)

Li Jing (Chinese: 李景; pinyin: Lǐ Jǐng; 1 March 1930 – 30 December 2022) was a Chinese general in the People's Liberation Army who served as commander of the People's Liberation Army Naval Air Force from 1983 to 1990.
Li was a delegate to the 7th National People's Congress. He was a member of the Standing Committee of the 9th Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. He was a member of the 14th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.

## Biography

Li was born in the town of Hongxu [zh], Teng County (now Tengzhou), Shandong, on 1 March 1930. He enlisted in the People's Liberation Army (PLA) in 1946, and joined the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in September 1949.
During the Chinese Civil War, Li served in the war and engaged in the Menglianggu campaign, Southwest Shandong campaign [zh], and Yanzhou campaign.
After the founding of the Communist State in 1949, the Communist government set up the People's Liberation Army Air Force and founded the PLA Air Force Aviation School, in which Li was trained to fly fighters. He participated in the Korean War after graduation.
In 1955, Li was transferred to the People's Liberation Army Naval Air Force, where he successively served as captain, deputy regimental commander, regimental commander, deputy division commander, and division commander. He was promoted to become deputy chief of staff of the People's Liberation Army Navy in July 1973. In 1980, he was made deputy commander of the People's Liberation Army Naval Air Force, and before long he became deputy commander of the People's Liberation Army Navy. He was commissioned as commander of the People's Liberation Army Naval Air Force in August 1983, and served until April 1990. In November 1992, he was appointed deputy chief of the general staff of the People's Liberation Army General Staff Department, serving in the post until his retirement in July 1995.
Li was promoted to the rank of vice admiral (zhongjiang) in 1988, and general (shangjiang) in May 1994.
Li died on 30 December 2022 in Beijing, at the age of 92, from COVID-19.
# Soft biometrics

Soft biometrics traits are physical, behavioural or adhered human characteristics, classifiable in pre–defined human compliant categories. These categories are, unlike in the classical biometric case, established and time–proven by humans with the aim of differentiating individuals. In other words the soft biometric traits instances are created in a natural way, used by humans to distinguish their peers.

## Introduction

The beginnings of Soft Biometrics can be identified as laid by Alphonse Bertillon in the 19th century. He first proposed a personal identification system based on biometric, morphological and anthropometric determinations. The most common traits he introduced were colour of eye, hair, beard and skin; shape and size of the head; body characteristics like height or weight as well as indelible marks such as birth marks, scars or tattoos. A majority of these descriptors presently fall into the category of Soft Biometrics.
Jain lately redefined Soft Biometrics as a set of traits providing information about an individual, though these are not able to individually authenticate the subject because they lack distinctiveness and permanence. Further research has shown that a larger set of soft biometric traits can be used to identify individuals. A redefinition of Soft Biometrics was proposed by Reid and Nixon as any characteristic which can be naturally described by humans. Such soft biometrics are well suited to deployment in surveillance applications and research is ongoing to capitalise on these developments.

## Soft Biometric traits

Traits which accept the above definition include, but are not limited to:
* Physical: skin colour, eye colour, hair colour, presence of beard or moustache, height, weight, gender, race, ethnicity, wrinkles.
* Behavioural: gait, keystroke, signature.
* Adhered human characteristics: clothes colour, tattoos, accessories.
Soft Biometrics inherit a main part of the advantages of Biometrics and furthermore endorses by its own assets. Some of the advantages include non obtrusiveness, the computational, and time efficiency and human compliance. Furthermore, they do not require enrollment, nor the consent or the cooperation of the observed subject.

## Usage

Soft biometrics are used to identify humans and can be combined with biometric authentication systems to increase the amount of accuracy of recognition. An example is visual surveillance, and soft biometric information can help identify people during the inconsistencies when faces are captured poorly on camera.
# Siegfried's Dale Farm

Siegfried's Dale Farm, also known as the Rodale Research Center or Rodale Institute, is an historic, American home and farm complex that is located in Maxatawny Township, Pennsylvania.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.

## History and architectural features

This property includes thirteen contributing buildings, a contributing structure and three houses that were built between 1790 and 1827, the John and Catherina Siegfried Bank barn (1819, 1905), calving barn (c. 1900), two small barns (c. 1860 and c. 1900), a corn crib, the Henry Siegfried Bank barn (mid-nineteenth century), a spring and rendering house (c. 1790 and c. 1880), a one-story brick school house (1906), a smokehouse (c. 1820), and a carriage house (c. 1880).
The John and Catherina Siegfried house (1790) is a 2+1⁄2-story, four-bay, rubble stone house with a slate gable roof. The Henry Siegfried house (1827) is a 2+1⁄2-story, five-bay, rubble stone house that was designed in the Georgian style. The Johannes Siegfried house (1790) is a 2+1⁄2-story, four-bay, sided rubble stone dwelling with a three-bay Victorian porch.
Moravian settler Johannes Siegfried acquired the property in 1732. It remained in the Siegfried family until being acquired in 1971 by The Rodale Institute.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.

## Gallery

* Henry Siegfried Barn
* Johannes and Gertraud Siegfried House
* John and Catherina Siegfried Barn
* Calving barn
* Bell at path to barnyard
# Sidley, East Sussex

Sidley is a village on the outskirts of Bexhill-on-Sea in East Sussex, England. Its governance falls within the jurisdiction of the Charter Trustees town of Bexhill. It is also a ward of Rother district council.
In 1828 Sidley played host to the 'Battle of Sidley Green'.
It is home to 2 primary schools, Sidley C.P and All Saints CoE.

## Sport and leisure

Sidley United F.C. is a non-League football club who play home matches at Hooe Recreation Ground. The club compete in the East Sussex Football League. Until 2013 the club was based at The Gullivers in the village, a ground shared with Sidley Cricket Club.
# Jon Olav Hjelde

Jon Olav Hjelde (born 30 July 1972) is a Norwegian former professional footballer who played as a central defender.

## Career

Born in Levanger Municipality, Hjelde began his career at his local team Vuku, which competed in the Norwegian Third Division.
He joined Rosenborg in 1994, becoming backup to the team's regular central defenders Erik Hoftun and Bjørn Otto Bragstad. Despite not being a regular in the Rosenborg side, he played in the club's historic 1996–97 UEFA Champions League group-stage win over A.C. Milan at the San Siro that eliminated the Italians, and featured in the quarter-final first-leg draw against previous-season Champions League winners Juventus. The two performances caused the squad to be nicknamed the "Heroes of Milan", and scouts from across Europe became interested in Rosenborg players, including Hjelde. Although Italian club Bari attempted to sign Hjelde in 1997, he instead accepted a late offer from Nottingham Forest. He soon became a regular in Forest's first-team, where he played for six seasons.
Hjelde moved to South Korea in 2003 to join former Asian Club Championship and Afro-Asian Club Championship winners Busan I'cons, despite interest from Stoke City manager Tony Pulis. Busan had once been a dominant K League side, but due to a change in ownership ahead of the 2000 season, triggered by the 1997 Asian financial crisis, the club suffered from a reduced budget. Busan manager Ian Porterfield, famous during his earlier playing career for scoring the winning goal of the 1973 FA Cup Final, signed three out-of-contract players from English football in mid-2003, including Hjelde. Hjelde played the latter-half of the 2003 K League season for Busan, but didn't feature in the 2004 season due to a knee injury, and was released by Busan in mid-2004. Hjelde's time playing in South Korea is documented in the book, Who Ate All the Squid?: Football Adventures in South Korea.
He rejoined Forest after one year in Korea, but played only sporadically and was released at the end of the 2004–05 season.
At this point, Hjelde considered moving back to Norway, but instead signed a one-year deal with Forest's lower-league neighbours Mansfield Town in the summer of 2005. He played regularly for the Stags, forming a defensive team alongside Alex Baptiste. Hjelde indicated that he would move back to Norway at the end of the 2005–06 season, but later changed his mind, and signed a new one-year contract with the Stags. In May 2007, he retired from football.

## Personal life

Hjelde's son, Leo Hjelde, is also a footballer, playing for EFL Championship club Sunderland AFC and the Norway U21 national team.
# Olaf Lurvik

Olaf Lurvik (born 23 September 1963) is a Norwegian former professional road bicycle racer. He was professional between 1988 and 1991, and represented the teams Peugeot and Toshiba. In 1991, he was one of four Norwegians that entered the Tour de France, alongside Dag Otto Lauritzen, Atle Kvålsvoll and Atle Pedersen. As of 2013, this is the only year that four Norwegians was in the Tour, but Lurvik was the only of the four the completed the 1991 Tour de France.
# Neville Bonner Bridge

The Neville Bonner Bridge is a pedestrian bridge spanning the Brisbane River in Brisbane, Australia, connecting the Queen's Wharf precinct in the Brisbane central business district to the South Bank Parklands in South Brisbane. The bridge opened to the public on 28 August 2024.
It is named after Neville Bonner, a Queensland politician and Australia's first Indigenous member of the Parliament of Australia.
The design concept for the bridge, by Grimshaw Architects, is an arch and single mast cable-stayed bridge with continuous shading supported by one mid-river pier. A large observation deck is located in the centre of the bridge.
Up to 10,000 people are expected to use the bridge every day. Cyclists will not be permitted to use the bridge. The cost for the bridge's construction was estimated in 2019 to be around $100 million. Prior to the official opening in 2024, a preview event for approximately 500 pedestrians was held on 2 September 2023.

## History

The bridge is part of the Queen's Wharf development in the Brisbane central business district. Construction on the bridge had begun by March 2020. During construction in June 2021, the Riverside Expressway was partially closed so that pieces of the bridge could be placed above the road. Close to the banks piles were dug 30 metres into the ground to support the structure, while in the river a depth of 35 metres was reached. The final 10-metre, 20-tonne span was placed on the morning of 27 February 2023.

## Design

The bridge was designed by Neil Stonell from Grimshaw Architects. The “lightweight yet dramatic” design incorporates 1,000 tonnes of fabricated structural steel, engineered to create an “elegant and efficient outcome”. The cable-stayed bridge is 320 metres (1,050 feet) long. The maximum mast height is 75 metres (246 feet). The clearance for river vessels is 11.4 to 12.7 metres (37 to 42 feet) from high water level to the bridge deck. This is the same height as the Victoria and Captain Cook Bridges. The bridge is fully shaded.
It features two arches, each 60 metres long and weighing 90 tonnes. The walkway is suspended from the arches which reach a height of 30 metres above the river. The majority of the load is placed on the central pier. A piled abutment foundation at Southbank is used to tie back the arches. The bridge has been designed to withstand wind speeds greater than 220 km per hour and to resist a 1 in 2000-year flood event.
# Right About Now (song)

"Right About Now" is a single by German disc jockey Mousse T. It was released as the final single released from his second studio album, All Nite Madness (2004), on 6 December 2004. The song peaked at number 28 on the UK Singles Chart, number 19 in Italy, and number six in Finland. In 2005, the song represented Lower Saxony in the Bundesvision Song Contest 2005, placing fourth with 85 points.

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format(s) | Label(s) | Ref. |
| United Kingdom | 6 December 2004 (2004-12-06) | 12-inch vinylCD | free2air | |
| Germany | 28 January 2005 (2005-01-28) | CD | Peppermint Jam | |
# SantApprentice

SantApprentice is an animated television series in 50 episodes of 12 minutes and two 26 minute episodes created by Belgian animator Jan Van Rijsselberge and produced by Alphanim in 2006. The holiday series follows the adventures of Nicolas, a young orphan boy from Sydney, Australia, who is a pure of heart and believes in Santa Claus as he is Santa's Apprentice. Nicolas's job is to achieve his tasks to become full-fledged Santa.
The series spawned two theatrically-released feature-length films: Santa's Apprentice (2010) and The Magic Snowflake (2013).

## Episodes

* What If It's Not Me?
* Nicolas' Present
* A Long Night
* He Doesn't Exist
* Nobody's Perfect
* Plumped Up for Christmas
* Santa's Whim
* Nicolas in Charge
* The Greatest Secret
* Never Happy
* First Hat-Bell Exam
* Garland Spray
* The Secret Door
* The Big Exam
* Stardust
* Blushing Beatrice
* And Afterwards?
* Snowed Under!
* Memory of Christmas
* Santa's Fiancée
* The Infernal Goatskin
* The Mobile
* The Old Magician
* All Those Little Details
* Father Christmas
* Santa Playa Club
* A Real Family
* The Present Monster
* Santa's Surprise
* Ghost of Christmas
* The Unwanted Present
* The Lost Bear
* Grandma Nicole
* The First Toy
* A Test! What Test?
* The Meteorite
* The Reindeers' Secret
* So Lucky!
* Real Toys
* Metal Granny
* They've Changed Santa!
* Elf Certificate
* The Test of the Mammoth
* The Melvinelf
* Practical Joker
* Santa's Fan
* O Christmas Tree
* A Present for Margaret
* The Day Before Christmas (double-length episode)
* Christmas Peeve (double-length episode)

## Broadcast

The series has been aired on Starz Kids & Family in the United States and on YTV in Canada. France, Germany, Finland, Scandinavia, Poland and some other countries in Europe as well as Latin America to continue to air the animated TV series during the holiday season. In the Philippines it was aired in November 2009 on ABS-CBN and re-aired in 2014–2015 on Yey. From 2018 to 2020, SantApprentice has been available to stream on Amazon Prime Video. The series is available for viewing on YouTube in both French and English.
# Trichopsomyia recedens

Trichopsomyia recedens, commonly known as the shadowy psyllid-killer, is a species of syrphid fly observed in widespread locations in North America. Hoverflies can remain nearly motionless in flight. The adults are also known as flower flies for they are commonly found on flowers, from which they get both energy-giving nectar and protein-rich pollen. Larvae when known are psyllid, aphid and Phylloxera predators.
# Rajendra Prasad Singh (disambiguation)

Rajendra Prasad Singh is an Indian footballer.
Rajendra Prasad Singh may also refer to:
* Rajendra Prasad Singh (linguist)
* Rajendra Prasad Singh (Bihar and Jharkhand politician)
* Rajendra Prasad Singh (Birbhum politician)
# 3rd Rifle Corps

The 3rd Rifle Corps was a corps of the Soviet Red Army which saw service in World War II and in the 1950s. The corps was first formed in 1923 from the 3rd Army Corps in the Moscow Military District and fought in the Soviet invasion of Poland and the Winter War. The corps was disbanded in the summer of 1941 and its headquarters became the 46th Army. The 3rd Mountain Rifle Corps was formed in summer 1942 and fought in the Caucasus, Crimea, Dukla Pass, Carpathia and at Prague. The corps was retained in the Soviet Army postwar and moved to Uzhhorod. The corps fought in the Soviet invasion of Hungary and was disbanded there in 1957. Its headquarters was absorbed by the 38th Army.

## History
### First formation

In June 1941 it included the 4th Rifle, 20th Mountain Rifle and the 47th Mountain Rifle Division, as part of Transcaucasus Military District. Upgraded to 46th Army in July 1941 with 4th Rifle, and 9th and 47th Mountain, and in 1941-42 part of Transcaucasus Front, watching the USSR border with Turkey and the Black Sea. Assigned to Steppe Front and then 2nd Ukrainian Front from Sept 1943.

### Second formation

The 3rd Mountain Rifle Corps was ordered to form on 7 June 1942 as part of 46th Army with headquarters in Sukhumi. It included the 20th Mountain Rifle Division, 394th Rifle Division, 63rd Cavalry Division and the Sukhumi Infantry School. The corps was tasked with the defense of the Black Sea coast and the Caucasian passes.
Feskov 2013 lists 3rd Mountain Rifle Corps in the Lvov Military District in July 1945 with the 128th Guards Mountain Rifle Division, 242nd, and 318th Mountain Rifle Divisions. By January 1948 242nd RD had disbanded. In 38th Army, Carpathian Military District with 128th Guards Rifle Division and 318th Rifle Division in January 1951. The same two divisions remained in the corps in 1954 (alongside 35th Guards Rifle Corps, the other corps in 38th Army, with 66th Guards and 70th Guards Rifle Divisions).
In November 1954, the 3rd Mountain Rifle Corps became the 3rd Rifle Corps. In November 1956, the corps took part in the Soviet invasion of Hungary. Its headquarters moved to Székesfehérvár during the invasion. The corps disbanded in Hungary on 21 July 1957, its headquarters being absorbed by HQ 38th Army.
# Theodor Koik

Theodor Koik (2 January 1888 Türi – 4 November 1941 Verkhoturye prison camp, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia) was an Estonian politician. He was a member of Estonian Constituent Assembly. On 2 May 1919, he resigned his position and he was replaced by Jaan Piiskar.