OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# List of Tamil films of 1945

A list of films produced in the Tamil film industry in India in 1945.

## 1945

| Title | Director | Production | Music | Cast | Release date (D-M-Y) |
| Bhakta Kalathi | R. Padmanaban | Padma Pictures | G. Ramanathan Lyrics: Papanasam Sivan | C. Honnappa Bhagavathar, Kumudhini, Serukalathur Sama, K. Thavamani Devi, N. S. Krishnan, T. A. Mathuram | |
| Burma Rani | T. R. Sundaram | Modern Theatres | T. A. Kalyanam | C. Honnappa Bhagavathar, K. L. V. Vasantha, T. R. Sundaram, Serukulathur Sama, T. S. Balaiah, N. S. Krishnan, T. A. Madhuram, Kali N. Rathnam, C. T. Rajakantham and dance by B. S. Saroja | |
| En Magan | R. S. Mani | Central Studios | Papanasam Sivan | N. Krishnamurthi, U. R. Jeevarathinam, D. Balasubramaniam, D. V. Narayanasami, Kumari Kamala, C. K. Saraswathi, N. S. Narayana Pillai, M. M. Radha Bai, Ramanathan | 03-11-1945 |
| Kannamma En Kadhali | Kothamangalam Subbu | Gemini Studios | M. D. Parthasarathy | M. K. Radha, M. S. Sundari Bai, L. Narayana Rao, Appa Subbaiah Pillai, K. S. Angamuthu, Kulathu Mani Iyer | 20-07-1945 |
| Maanasamrakshanam | K. Subramaniam | K. Subramaniam, Madras United Artistes Corporation | | S. D. Subbulakshmi, G. Pattu Iyer, V. N. Janaki, T. R. Ramachandran, Kali N. Rathnam, T. K. Sampangi, M. R. S. Mani, T. R. B. Rao, M. A. Ganapathi Bhat, V. S. Santhanam Ayyangar, R. Ramanuja Chariar, V. A. S. Mani, Master Sathasivam, Nagalakshmi and Kumari Subbulakshmi | |
| Meera | Ellis R. Dungan | T. Sadasivam, Chandraprabha Cinetone | S. V. Venkatraman | M. S. Subbulakshmi, V. Nagayya, T. S. Balaiah, M. G. Ramachandran, Kumari Kamala, Serukulathur Sama, K. R. Chellam, Baby Radha, Appa K . Duraiswami, T. S. Durairaj | 03-11-1945 |
| Paranjothi | B. S. Ramaiya | Shyamala Pictures | S. V. Venkatraman Lyrics: Papanasam Sivan, Rajagopala Iyer | K. Sarangapani, V. A. Chellappa, T. P. Rajalakshmi, N. S. Krishnan, T. A. Madhuram, Kali N. Rathnam, C. T. Rajakantham | 28-02-1945 |
| Saalivaahanan | B. N. Rao | Bhaskar Pictures | | Ranjan, M. G. Ramachandran, T. R. Rajakumari, K. L. V. Vasantha, N. S. Krishnan, T. A. Madhuram, M. R. Santhanalakshmi, T. S. Balaiah, Nagercoil K. Mahadevan | 22-12-1944/16-02-1945 |
| Sow Sow (Kalikala Minor, Palli Nadagam & Soorappuli) | | T. R. Sundaram, Modern Theatres | | | |
| Sri Valli | A. V. Meiyappan-A. T. Krishnasamy | A. V. Meiyappan, Pragathi Studios | R.Sudharsanam & Rajagopalasharma | T. R. Mahalingam, Rukmini, T. R. Ramachandran, N. S. Krishnan, T. A. Madhuram | 13-04-1945 |
# La boîte à joujoux

La boîte à joujoux (The Toy-Box) is a ballet score by Claude Debussy. The composer completed the work as a piano score, but he died before he was able to orchestrate it. A successful orchestration was done by André Caplet.
In 1913, Debussy was approached by the artist and writer André Hellé, who had devised a ballet scenario from his children’s tale La boîte à joujoux. A children's theme appealed to Debussy, who was devoted to his own young daughter, Emma-Claude (known as "Chouchou"), and had already written his suite Children's Corner for her. He originally envisaged a puppet show, but he changed his mind about this.
Debussy composed the piano score, but the outbreak of the First World War caused the ballet to be postponed, and it was not staged until 1919, after the composer's death.
The work, which plays for about half an hour, is in seven sections:
* Prelude: Le sommeil de la boite (The toy-box asleep)
* Tableau 1: Le magasin de jouets (The toy shop)
* Valse: Danse de la poupée (The doll's waltz)
* Tableau 2: Le champ de bataille (The field of battle)
* Tableau 3: La bergerie a vendre (The sheepfold for sale)
* Tableau 4: Apres fortune faite (After making a fortune)
* Epilogue
Of the toys in Hellé's box there are three principals, to each of whom Debussy gives a little leitmotiv: a toy soldier, a pretty doll, and a foolish and quarrelsome polichinelle. The soldier falls in love with the doll, but the polichinelle will not give her up. There is a fierce battle, and the soldier is wounded by the polichinelle, who then renounces the doll. She nurses the soldier, falls in love with him, and they marry and live happily ever after.
# Herbert Wells Ice Arena

Herbert Wells Ice Arena is a 600-seat plus ice arena in College Park, Maryland. The facility includes a rink, an indoor warming room and party room, and a snack bar. The rink is open for ice skating seasonally, from October through March. The arena is managed by the Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission and is named after a former civic leader who was an M-NCPPC member and a College Park city councilman.
# Fiona Brown (golfer)

Fiona Mary Haddon Brown (later Champness; born 13 February 1974) is an English amateur golfer. She won the 1994 English Women's Open Amateur Stroke Play Championship and the 1999 English Women's Amateur Championship. She played in the Curtis Cup in 1998 and 2000.

## Golf career

Born 13 February 1974, Brown won the English girls championship at Coventry in 1992, beating Lorna Nicholson 2&1 in the final. She played for England in the Girls Home Internationals in 1991 and 1992.
In 1994, Brown, aged 20, won the English Women's Open Amateur Stroke Play Championship at Ferndown, four strokes ahead of Kate Egford and Simone Morgan. In 1995, she won the Welsh Women's Open Stroke Play Championship at Newport, beating Alison Rose in a playoff. She was a runner-up in the event the following year, 1996, a stroke behind Emma Duggleby. In 1997, she was runner-up in the Helen Holm Scottish Women's Open Championship, losing in a playoff to Kim Rostron.
Playing with Elaine Ratcliffe, Brown won the 1998 Women's International Four Ball at the Orangebrook Golf and Country Club in Florida. She also won the 1998 Spanish Amateur Championship, beating Martina Eber in the final. She reached the semi-finals of the Ladies' British Open Amateur Championship, losing to Kim Rostron. Brown was selected for the Curtis Cup match in Minneapolis in August. The Americans regained the cup by 10 matches to 8. Brown lost her match in the opening day foursomes and was not selected for the singles. She won both her matches on the final day, winning her foursomes match, where she played with Rebecca Hudson, and beating JoJo Robertson in the singles.
Brown won the English Women's Amateur Championship at Ganton in May 1999, beating Kerry Smith 2&1 in the final. The following month she again reached the semi-finals of the Ladies' British Open Amateur Championship, losing this time to Rebecca Hudson. Later in the year she played for Great Britain & Ireland in the Vagliano Trophy, and for Great Britain in the Commonwealth Trophy in Canada.
Brown make her second Curtis Cup appearance in 2000 at Ganton. The Americans won the cup by the same score as in 1998, 10 matches to 8. Brown was only selected for one session, the first day singles which she lost narrowly to Robin Weiss. In 2001 Brown won the Helen Holm Scottish Women's Open Championship by two strokes from Rebecca Hudson. She also played for Great Britain & Ireland in the Vagliano Trophy match in Italy.

## Team appearances

* Curtis Cup (representing Great Britain & Ireland): 1998, 2000
* Vagliano Trophy (representing Great Britain & Ireland): 1999, 2001
* Commonwealth Trophy (representing Great Britain): 1999
* European Ladies' Team Championship (representing England): 1997, 1999
* Women's Home Internationals (representing England): 1994 (winners), 1996 (winners), 1997 (winners), 1998 (winners), 1999, 2000 (winners), 2001 (winners)
* Girls Home Internationals (representing England): 1991 (winners), 1992
# Carbolic soap

Carbolic soap, sometimes referred to as red soap, is a mildly antiseptic soap containing carbolic acid (phenol) and/or cresylic acid (cresol), both of which are phenols derived from either coal tar or petroleum sources.

## History

In 1834, German chemist Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge discovered a phenol, also known as carbolic acid, which he derived in an impure form from coal tar. In August 1865, Joseph Lister applied a piece of lint dipped in carbolic acid solution to the wound of an eleven-year-old boy at Glasgow Royal Infirmary, who had sustained a compound fracture after a cart wheel had passed over his leg. After four days, he renewed the pad and discovered that no infection had developed, and after a total of six weeks he was amazed to discover that the boy's bones had fused back together, without the danger of suppuration.
One of the earliest manufacturers of carbolic soap was F. C. Calvert and Company of Manchester, England, established in 1859 and taken over by Unilever in 1965. In the United States, the licence for manufacturing carbolic soap was held by James Buchan and Company. In 1894, William Lever, 1st Viscount Leverhulme, introduced the Lifebuoy brand of carbolic soap to the market.

## Features

One of the distinctive features of this soap is its deep pink to red colour, which was and still is added to the soap to designate it as carbolic soap. The addition of the red colour was deemed important as when carbolic soap was first introduced to the general public it was the only germicidal soap available. Carbolic acid is used in a wide range of industrial and consumer product applications and can be a skin irritant.

## Uses

It is still distributed to disaster victims for routine hygiene by the Red Cross and other relief organisations.
# Bank Policy Institute

The Bank Policy Institute (BPI) is an American public policy, research, and advocacy organization, based in Washington, D.C.
The organization was formed in July 2018 following the merger of the Financial Services Roundtable and the Clearing House Association. BPI's members include 42 banking institutions representing universal banks, regional banks, and foreign banks doing business in the United States. The current CEO is Greg Baer, a former litigator, corporate executive and public official who served as Assistant Secretary for Financial Institutions at the U.S. Department of the Treasury during the Clinton administration and as Managing Senior Counsel for the Federal Reserve Board of Governors.

## History

The Association of Reserve City Bankers was formed in 1912 with 102 charter members and, in 1958, the Association of Registered Bank Holding Companies was formed due to the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956. In 1993, these two entities merged to form the Bankers Roundtable. The name of the organization was changed to the Financial Services Roundtable in 2000 to reflect a decision to broaden the organization's mission to include integrated financial service providers.
In July 2018, Financial Services Roundtable merged with the Clearing House Association to form the Bank Policy Institute. The organization was formed to bolster banks' political and public policy influence in Washington, D.C.

### Divisions

BITS (Business-Innovation-Technology-Security — formerly named the Business Industry Technology Secretariat) formed as a division within the then-Bankers Roundtable in 1996. Its mission was to enhance collaboration across the industry on technological issues and address "emerging threats and opportunities,” including cybersecurity, fraud reduction, and critical infrastructure protection.

## Leadership

While Greg Baer currently serves as the CEO, the organization's board of directors is chaired by JPMorgan Chase CEO Jamie Dimon and composed of the following financial services executives:
* Jamie Dimon, JPMorgan Chase & Co. (Chairman)
* Brian T. Moynihan, Bank of America
* Jean-Laurent Bonnafé, BNP Paribas
* Robin Vince, BNY Mellon
* Richard Fairbank, Capital One
* Jane Fraser, Citigroup
* Bruce Van Saun, Citizens
* Tim Spence, Fifth Third
* Bryan Jordan, First Horizon
* David Solomon, Goldman Sachs
* Stephen Steinour, Huntington
* René Jones, M&T Bank
* Kanetsugu Mike, MUFG
* John Turner, Jr., Regions
* William Rogers, Truist
* Andrew Cecere, U.S. Bancorp
* Charles W. Scharf, Wells Fargo

## Members

BPI has approximately 42 member companies, including:

## Major initiatives

BPI was a vocal advocate for reforms to beneficial ownership requirements that would require the U.S. Department of Treasury Financial Crimes Enforcement Network to collect information from companies at the time of incorporation to determine who owns or has a financial interest in the company. A legislative fix, supported by BPI, passed in 2020 as a provision of the annual defense spending bill known as the National Defense Authorization Act.
# 1980 San Juan, Puerto Rico, mayoral election

San Juan, Puerto Rico, held an election for mayor on November 4, 1980. It was held as part of the 1980 Puerto Rican general election. It saw the reelection of incumbent mayor Hernán Padilla, a member of the New Progressive Party.

## Nominees

* Celeste Benitez (Popular Democratic Party)
* Hernán Padilla (New Progressive Party), former member of the Puerto Rico House of Representatives
* Lucía A. Romero (Puerto Rican Socialist Party)
* Roberto Aponte Toro (Puerto Rican Independence Party)

## Results

San Juan mayoral election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | New Progressive | Hernán Padilla Ramírez (incumbent) | 117,797 | 53.50 |
| | Popular Democratic | Celeste Benitez | 86,346 | 39.22 |
| | Independence | Roberto Aponte Toro | 14,767 | 6.71 |
| | Socialist | Lucía A. Romero | 1,259 | 0.57 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 220,169 | 100 |
# Department of Science (1975–1978)

The Department of Science was an Australian government department that existed between December 1975 and December 1978. It was the second so-named Australian government department.

## Scope

Information about the department's functions and government funding allocation could be found in the Administrative Arrangements Orders, the annual Portfolio Budget Statements and in the department's annual reports.
According to the National Archives of Australia, at its creation, the department was responsible for:
* Science and technology, including research, support of research and support of civil space programs
* Meteorology
* Ionospheric Prediction Service
* Analytical laboratory service
* Weights and measures

## Structure

The department was an Australian Public Service department, staffed by officials who were responsible to the Minister for Science, James Webster.
The department was headed by a Secretary, initially Hugh Ennor (until October 1977) and then John Farrands.

## Controversy

In December 1975, a task force of the Royal Commission on Australian Government accused the department of questionable logic, misinterpretation of facts and faulty data.
# Merlin (database)

Merlin (Missing pERsons Linked INdicies)is a database run by the Metropolitan Police that stores information on children who have become known to the police for any reason. This can range from being a victim of bullying to being present whilst a property is searched, this may be with a warrant or under the Police and Criminal Evidence Act. It also holds data for missing persons. They can be of any age. Entries on the database can be accessed by police officers and civilian workers.
# Hilda Hänchen

Hilda Hänchen (later Hilda Lindberg or Hilda Lindberg-Hänchen, 1 September 1919 - 19 October 2013) was a German physicist.

## Life and work

Hilda Hänchen received her doctorate in 1943 from the University of Hamburg under the supervision of Fritz Goos, with a dissertation titled Über das Eindringen des totalreflektierten Lichtes in das dünnere Medium ("On the penetration of totally reflected light into the rarer medium"). During World War II she worked as a "managing" research assistant at the State Physics Institute in Hamburg (to allow male academics to return after military service, women could be employed as managing assistants only). She concurrently worked at the Physical-Chemical Research Institute in Kiel on war research contracts and was listed in the register of sponsorships of the Reichsforschungsrat ("Reich Research Council"). From 1949 to 1951 she was a referee for the chemistry journal Chemisches Zentralblatt. Around 1975 she was the chairperson of the local Cologne chapter of Deutscher Akademikerinnenbund ("Association of German women academics").
With her doctoral advisor Fritz Goos, Hänchen discovered the Goos-Hänchen effect, which is an optical phenomenon in which linearly polarized light undergoes a small lateral shift when totally internally reflected.
In 1946 she married physicist Albert Hermann Lindberg (born 1914), who before his retirement in 1979 served as the Vice President and Development Director of Leybold AG. They had three daughters - Renate, Claudia, and Dorothea.

## Publications

* Hänchen, Hilda (1943). "Über das Eindringen des totalreflektierten Lichtes in das dünnere Medium" [On the penetration of totally reflected light into the rarer medium]. Dissertation, University of Hamburg, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (in German). 435 (5): 383. Bibcode:1943AnP...435..383G. doi:10.1002/andp.19434350504.
* Goos, Fritz; Hänchen, Hilda (1943). "Über das Eindringen des totalreflektierten Lichtes in das dünnere Medium" [On the penetration of totally reflected light into the rarer medium]. Annalen der Physik (in German). 435 (5): 383–392. Bibcode:1943AnP...435..383G. doi:10.1002/andp.19434350504.
* Goos, Fritz; Hänchen, Hilda (1947). "Ein neuer und fundamentaler Versuch zur Totalreflexion" [A new and fundamental experiment on total reflection] (PDF). Annalen der Physik (in German). 436 (6): 333–346. Bibcode:1947AnP...436..333G. doi:10.1002/andp.19474360704.
* Goos, Fritz; Hänchen, Hilda (1949). "Neumessung des Strahlversetzungseffektes bei Totalreflexion" [New measurement of the beam displacement effect in total internal reflection]. Annalen der Physik (in German). 440 (6): 251–252. Bibcode:1949AnP...440..251G. doi:10.1002/andp.19494400312.
# Alu Menziken

Alu Menziken Extrusion AG (primarily referred to as Alu Menziken Group) is a Swiss steel manufacturing concern headquartered in Menziken, Switzerland which is specialized in producing semi-finished products and components made from aluminium.
Founded 1897 by Alfred Gautschi, it was entirely owned and controlled by the Gautschi family until 2007. Then, for seventeen years, it was a subsidiary of the Swiss industrial group Montana Tech Components.
In November 2024, it was announced that the Chinese Mengtai group had acquired Alu Menziken.
# Lake Shore Drive Bridge (Michigan)

The Lake Shore Drive Bridge, also known as the M-26 Bridge or the Eagle River Bridge, is a pedestrian bridge in Eagle River, Michigan, crossing the Eagle River. It carried highway M-26 over the river from 1915 until 1990, when the adjacent Eagle River Timber Bridge replaced it for automobile traffic. The Lake Shore Drive Bridge is listed as a Michigan State Historic Site and is a contributing property of the Eagle River Historic District.

## History
### Construction

Originally located on the site was a Pratt through truss bridge, which by 1915 had deteriorated sufficiently to warrant replacement. The new bridge was designed by the Michigan State Highway Department under a system of standardized bridge plans provided to local communities on request. The Lake Shore Drive Bridge was constructed by the Wisconsin Bridge and Iron Company of Milwaukee and was completed in 1915. The concrete abutments were made by the Smith-Byers-Sparks Company from Houghton, Michigan. The Lake Shore Drive Bridge was one of two bridges built simultaneously over the Eagle River, the other located in Phoenix, Michigan.
The bridge is a contributing property of the Eagle River Historic District, listed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 13, 1984.

### Replacement

In 1990, the adjacent Eagle River Timber Bridge opened for traffic and the Lake Shore Drive Bridge was relegated to pedestrian traffic. The Lake Shore Drive Bridge was listed as a Michigan State Historic Site on May 10, 1990, and an informational marker was erected in 1991.

### 2007 inspection

The collapse of the I-35W Mississippi River bridge, a continuous deck truss, in Minneapolis on August 1, 2007, prompted inspections of bridges of similar construction. Four bridges of this type were identified in Michigan, including the Lake Shore Drive Bridge. The bridge was inspected on August 6, 2007, and was determined to be safe.

## Architecture

The bridge is a Warren deck truss and continuous deck truss made of riveted steel. The 139-foot (42 m) bridge has three spans: a main span of 105 feet (32 m) flanked by two 34-foot (10 m) spans. The guard rails are made of woven steel lattice.
# Relâche (ballet)

[[file:Satie & Picabia, Clair & Biorlin (prologue de Relache).jpg|alt=four people in suits stand on a Parisian rooftop; the Eiffel Tower is visible in the background|thumb|Eric Satie, Francis Picabia, Rene Clair and Jean Biorlin prepare for a November 1924 performance]]
Relâche is a 1924 ballet by Francis Picabia with music composed by Erik Satie.
The title was thought to be a Dadaist practical joke, as relâche is the French word used on posters to indicate that a show is canceled, or the theater is closed. The first performance was indeed canceled, due to the illness of Jean Börlin, the principal dancer, choreographer, and artistic director of the Ballets Suédois.
Picabia commissioned filmmaker René Clair to create a cinematic entr'acte to be shown during the ballet's intermission. The film, simply titled Entr'acte, consists of a scene shown before the ballet and a longer piece between the acts. The nonsensical film features Picabia, Satie, and other well-known artists as actors.
# 1956 Long Beach State 49ers football team

The 1956 Long Beach State 49ers football team represented Long Beach State College—now known as California State University, Long Beach—as a member of the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA) during the 1956 college football season. Led by second-year head coach Mike DeLotto, the 49ers compiled an overall record of 5–3 with a mark of 0–3 in conference play, placing last out of six teams in the CCAA. The team played home games at Veterans Memorial Stadium adjacent to the campus of Long Beach City College in Long Beach, California.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result |
| September 22 | Occidental* | Veterans Memorial StadiumLong Beach, CA | W 14–13 |
| October 6 | at Santa Barbara | La Playa StadiumSanta Barbara, CA | L 6–13 |
| October 13 | Pepperdine* | Veterans Memorial StadiumLong Beach, CA | W 26–12 |
| October 20 | at Cal Poly | Mustang StadiumSan Luis Obispo, CA | L 12–65 |
| October 27 | Los Angeles State | East Los Angeles College StadiumLos Angeles, CA | L 0–23 |
| November 3 | La Verne* | La Verne StadiumLa Verne, CA | W 23–20 |
| November 9 | Arizona State–Flagstaff* | Veterans Memorial StadiumLong Beach, CA | W 7–6 |
| November 16 | Cal Aggies* | Veterans Memorial StadiumLong Beach, CA | W 10–0 |
| *Non-conference game ||||
# Larwood Bridge

The Larwood Bridge is a covered bridge near Lacomb in Linn County in the U.S. state of Oregon. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.
The bridge crosses Crabtree Creek at Larwood Wayside Park, where the Roaring River empties into the creek, about 3 miles (5 km) north of Lacomb. The 105-foot (32 m) bridge carries Fish Hatchery Road over the creek.
Built in 1939, the bridge was repaired in 2002. It was named after William Larwood, who settled here in 1888, built a store and blacksmith shop, and operated a post office. The bridge had two predecessors, one over the creek and another over the river, adjacent to one another. Both no longer exist.