OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Battle of Strasburg

The Battle of Strasburg was a relatively minor engagement in the American Civil War when a small Union force of New Jersey infantry delayed three Confederate divisions from the army of Jubal A. Early at Strasburg, Virginia.
38°59′26″N 78°21′31″W﻿ / ﻿38.990550°N 78.358615°W﻿ / 38.990550; -78.358615
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# Spanish Uruguayans

Spanish settlement in Uruguay, that is the arrival of Spanish emigrants in the country known today as Uruguay, took place firstly in the period before independence from Spain and again in large numbers during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, resulting in a large proportion of Uruguayans are of Spanish ancestral origin.

## History
### Settlement

Between the 15th and early 19th centuries, the Spanish Empire was the sole colonial power in the Banda Oriental. Thus, before 1811, a great part of the European settlers in Uruguay were from Spain and they carried the Spanish colonial administration, including religious affairs, government and commercial business. A substantial Spanish-descended Criollo population gradually built up in the new cities, while some mixed with the indigenous populations (mestizos), with the Black slave population (mulattoes) or with other European immigrants.
Spanish settlement along with the Italians, formed the backbone of today's Uruguayan society. Like its neighbour country Argentina, the culture of Uruguay exhibits significant connections to Spanish culture; in terms of language, customs and traditions.
Many Uruguayans who have a Spanish lineage include those of post-independence Spanish immigrant descent, as long as they have retained a Spanish cultural identity. Large proportions are of Galician descent. During the Spanish Civil War, thousands of Spaniards fled from Spain to Uruguay. The Spanish republicans fled Franco's regime as well, seeking to escape retribution from the new government.

### Origin of settlers

The Spanish immigrants who arrived between 18th and 20th century have different origins, but a significant number of them came from Galicia, the Basque Country, and Asturias; with smaller but notable numbers from Valencia and the Canary Islands.

## Present

The 2011 Uruguayan census revealed 12,776 people who declared Spain as their country of birth. Thousands of Uruguayan nationals are holders of Spanish passports.
# Pauline Hanauer Rosenberg

Pauline Hanauer Rosenberg (née, Hanauer; May 24, 1863 – October 16, 1940) was an American progressive activist who devoted her life to advancing the well-being and rights of women, children, and immigrants. She served as the first vice president and second president of the National Council of Jewish Women.

## Early life and education

Born in Allegheny, Pennsylvania, in 1863 into a middle-class German Jewish family, she was the daughter of Henrietta (née Lehrberger) and Mayer Hanauer. The family were prominent members of the Jewish community, belonging to Rodef Shalom and the Concordia Club. Henrietta was a member of the Hebrew Aid Society and Myer a leader at the local B'nai B'rith. Pauline studied at the Pittsburgh's Public Central High School and Barnard College before taking graduate courses at Columbia University, and the University of Pittsburgh.

## Career

While attending the World's Fair in Chicago in 1893, she and several other women founded the National Council of Jewish Women, and she subsequently founded the Pittsburgh section (Columbian Council) and organized other sections in Pennsylvania (Philadelphia, Oil City, Bradford, Scranton) and beyond (Youngstown, Washington, D.C.). Rosenberg served as president of the Women's Club of Pittsburgh and of the National Council of Jewish Women. While president of the Columbian Council she founded the Irene Kaufmann Settlement in Pittsburgh, the first juvenile court, and the first public, non-sectarian kindergarten in Pittsburgh. Among other work, the council would also go on to found the Committee for the Jewish and Non-Jewish Blind, which eventually became the Pittsburgh Association for the Blind, and is today the Pennsylvania Association for the Blind.
In addition to her efforts with the National Council of Jewish Women, Rosenberg served on the Lady Board of Allegheny General Hospital, the Pennsylvania Federation of Women's Clubs, the Pittsburgh's Woman's Club, the Civic Club, the Needlework Guild, the Free Kindergarten Association, the Tenement House and Public Bath Committee, and the Personal Service Society among other organizations.
During her presidency of the NCJW she would leave Pittsburgh for Philadelphia and then New York.

## Death and legacy

She died in New York City in 1940.
Since her death, Rosenberg and her work have been formally recognized for their historical significance. In 2020 the City of Pittsburgh declared her home, the Hanauer-Rosenberg Residence, an historic landmark. In 2022 the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania awarded a State Historic Marker out front of her former home and in 2024 the City of Pittsburgh dedicated the adjacent "Honorary Pauline Rosenberg Way."
# Jim Clemes

Jim Clemes (born 1957) is a Luxembourgish architect who founded the Esch-sur-Alzette firm Atelier d’Architecture et de Design Jim Clemes in 1984. He and his firm have designed several modern Luxembourg buildings and are also involved in town planning initiatives.

## Biography

Born on 29 July 1957 in Luxembourg City, Clemes attended the Lycée des Garçons in Esch-sur-Alzette. He graduated in environmental design at Miami University, Oxford, Ohio and in architecture at the École Spéciale d'Architecture in Paris. Before founding his own firm in 1984, he worked for Luxembourg's Services des Sites et Monuments Nationaux. Clemes' Atelier d'Architecture et de Design now employs 55 architects, engineers, technicians and support staff.

## Works

His design work has included:
* the Banque Générale du Luxembourg building, boulevard Royal, Luxembourg City;
* Centre de conférences provisoire (temporary conference centre) at the Foire Internationale de Luxembourg winning the Prix luxembourgeois d'architecture in 2004.
* Centre Hospitalier Emile Mayrisch, Esch-sur-Alzette.
* The Belval railway station, Luxembourg.
* Melia Hotel, Luxembourg.
* Kinneksbond Cultural Centre, Mamer.
Clemes was also associated with the design of the futuristic waterpark Les Thermes in Bertrange, Luxembourg, and is involved in a town planning project for Differdange, Luxembourg.
# Maitham Jabbar

Maitham Jabbar Mutlag Al-Farttoosi (Arabic: مَيْثَم جَبَّار مُطْلَق الْفَرْطُوسِيّ; born 10 November 2000) is an Iraqi footballer who plays as a defender for Al-Zawraa in the Iraqi Premier League.

## International career

On 20 March 2019, Jabbar made his first international cap with Iraq against Syria in the 2019 International Friendship Championship.

## Honours
### Club
#### Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya

* Iraqi Premier League: 2020–21
* Iraq FA Cup: 2020–21
# Klub Foot

51°29′31″N 0°13′30″W﻿ / ﻿51.492°N 0.225°W﻿ / 51.492; -0.225
Klub Foot was a London nightclub in the psychobilly scene of the early and mid-1980s. It started in the heyday of the psychobilly scene in 1982.
It was hosted at the Ballroom of the Clarendon Hotel in Hammersmith until the venue was demolished as part of the redevelopment of Hammersmith Town Centre. It regularly showcased the rising stars of the scene, including The Meteors, Demented Are Go, Guana Batz, Batmobile, The Sting-rays, The Caravans, Klingonz, The Highliners, Sgt Bilko's Krazy Combo and many others. On all the Klub Foot posters the address stated was "Clarendon Hotel Ballroom, Hammersmith Broadway W6". The Clarendon itself was a very large 1930s Hotel with attached function rooms built in the Art Deco style, and it stood on the corner of the Hammersmith one way system until its demolition in 1988. The Klub Foot was held in the main ballroom on the first floor, which held around 900 people.
The Klub's DJ, Hamish Macdonald, was also The Batcave DJ and John Curd's regular concert DJ for his shows in the Lyceum and the Hammersmith Palais. The turntables were rife with the flavour of the particular night. If it was rocabilly/psychobilly, the records were rockabilly/psychobilly, often referencing older sounds and weird obscure rockers. Hamish would also have the Better Badges stall operating at all these venues. The cheap medium of a 20p badge was a big seller in the late 70s/early 80s and Better Badges produced many different designed badges for the likes of The Meteors, Escalators, the Sting-rays, The Milkshakes, Orson Family, Sunglasses After Dark, Restless, Guana Batz, aqs well as for a host or rising new wave bands like New order, Southern Death Cult and the Sisters Of Mercy.
As well as hosting concerts, the Klub Foot promoter released a series of live recordings, titled Stomping At The Klubfoot on ABC records. Six volumes were released on vinyl and CD.
After the Clarendon closed, attempts were made to relocate the club at various locations including the Boston Arms in Tufnell Park, and the Town & Country Club in Kentish Town, but the dying Psychobilly scene in the UK in the 1990s made it difficult to attract crowds. Since 1999, subsequent Klub Foot Reunion concerts at the Relentless Garage in Highbury have been more successful and it is now a yearly event featuring original 1980s bands with newer support acts.
# 1873 Greenwich by-election

The 1873 Greenwich by-election was fought on 2 August 1873. The by-election was fought due to the death of the incumbent MP of the Liberal Party, David Salomons. It was won by the Conservative candidate Thomas Boord.
# Laurent Menager

Laurent Menager (1835–1902) was a Luxembourgish composer, choirmaster, organist and conductor who is often referred to as Luxembourg's national composer. He founded the national choral association Sang a Klang (1857) and composed many songs, orchestral music and operettas as well as music for brass bands and the theatre.

## Biography

The son of a baker, Menager was born on 10 January 1835 in the Pfaffenthal quarter of Luxembourg City. He attended the Luxembourg Athenée before continuing his studies with Professor Hiller at the Academy of Music in Cologne. Employed for no less than 46 years by the municipality of Luxembourg, he was a professor at the Luxembourg Music School. He also taught music and singing at the Athenée and at the teachers training school and directed several choral societies. He was a friend of the poets Dicks and Lentz, collaborating with them on several compositions. His compositions covered choral works, symphonies, operettas, chamber music and music for military bands. Of particular interest is his church music. His Pie Jesu and Ihr lieben Vöglein are among his most masterly compositions.
When Menager died on 7 February 1902, he had become so popular that he was mourned by the entire nation. Over 6,000 people, including representatives of 45 societies, attended his funeral.

## Selected works

Chamber music:
* "Quatuor à cordes" (1859)
Choral works and lieder:
* "De schie long" (1894)
* "Unsere Heimath"
* "Margréitchen"
* "De Lëtzebuerger Greechen"
* "Déi schéinste Blumm"
* "Eng Tréin"
* "Ihr lieben Vögelein"
* "Aus der Kannerzäit"
Operettas:
* "Den Här an d'Madame Tullepant" (1893)
* "Den Här President"
* "En ass rosen"
* "De scheie Jong"

## Discography

* "Laurent Menager - Historesch Opnamen", Centre national de l'audiovisuel, Luxembourg, 2005. Collection of three CDs.
# Louis Beicht

Louis Jean Nicolas Beicht (1886–1943) was a Luxembourgish composer.
Born on 26 July 1886 in the Grund district of Luxembourg City, Beicht was a civil servant who composed marches, waltzes, folk songs, chansons and theatre music. He also composed operetta music for Luxembourgish musical comedies by Josy Imdahl.
Beicht died in Luxembourg City on 29 October 1943.

## Works

* 1916: "D'Joffer Marie-Madeleine" (text: Josy Imdahl)
* 1927: "Déi vum iewëschten Haff" (text: Josy Imdahl)
# 1878 Argyllshire by-election

The 1878 Argyllshire by-election was fought on 27 August 1878. The by-election was fought due to the resignation of the incumbent Liberal Member of Parliament, the Marquess of Lorne to become Governor General of Canada. It was retained by Lorne's brother the Liberal candidate Lord Colin Campbell.
By-election, 31 Aug 1878: Argyllshire :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Colin Campbell | 1,462 | 56.9 | N/A |
| | Conservative | John Malcolm | 1,107 | 43.1 | New |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 355 | 13.8 | N/A |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 2,569 | 82.0 | N/A |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 3,133 | | |
| | Liberal hold | Liberal hold | Swing | N/A | |

## Expenses

Lord Campbell's expenses came to £5,700 9s 4d and Colonel Malcolm's were approximately £9,000.
# Prideaux-Brune rescue

On 9 August 1879, Ellen Frances Prideaux-Brune, Gertrude Rose Prideaux-Brune, Mary Katherine Prideaux-Brune, Beatrice May Prideaux-Brune and Nora O’Shaughnessy were out on a rowing boat trip off Bray Hill, Padstow, Cornwall, when they witnessed a boat being capsized by a squall.
The women’s boat was being towed by a fishing boat, under the command of Padstow lifeboat's assistant coxswain. On seeing the accident, Ellen asked for the women’s boat to be cast off so they could row through heavy surf to the aid of those overboard.
The women succeeded in pulling a survivor on board. For saving his life, and 'in acknowledgement of their intrepid and prompt services ... at considerable risk of life', they were each awarded the RNLI’s Silver Medal for Gallantry.
Their medals were awarded on 2 October 1879. The RNLI's Thanks of the Institution on Vellum were also awarded to the Hon JGP Vereker and to Padstow lifeboat Coxswain Samuel Bate, who helped save a boy who had also been thrown overboard in the same incident.
# Meril Beilmann

Meril Beilmann (born 12 June 1995) is a former Estonian biathlete. She was born in Tallinn. She has competed in the Biathlon World Cup, and represented Estonia at the Biathlon World Championships 2016.
# Jacky Martens

Jacky Martens (born 3 July 1963) is a Belgian former professional motocross racer and current race team manager. He competed in the Motocross World Championships from 1979 to 1997. Martens is notable for winning the 1993 F.I.M. 500cc motocross world championship.

## Racing career

Born in Lommel, Belgium, Martens' first motocross race was in 1979, and by the mid 1980s he made the breakthrough into Grand Prix motocross, originally on a privately entered Honda, before a switch to the KTM factory racing team, culminating in a best result of second in the 500cc motocross world championship in 1991.
For 1992 Martens switched to the Husqvarna factory team, riding the fearsome Husqvarna 610 four-stroke machine. Many felt this was a backward step for Martens, as unlike today, four-stroke machines were seen as slow, bulky and uncompetitive compared to the two-stroke machines. At times Martens had a difficult 1992, but some encouraging results later in the year saw him finish 11th in the series.
However, 1993 was a different start. After a steady start to the series at Hawkstone Park, Martens quickly proved himself and his machine, rising to the top of the 500cc world championship standings, with Swede Jorgen Nilsson. The championship was contested until the very final round, where Martens clinched the title to become the first rider to win the premier 500cc class on a four-stroke since Jeff Smith accomplished the feat in 1965.
1994 saw Martens once again challenge for the title, his main rival being another Swede, Marcus Hansson. Once again the title was decided on the very final round, but a fall in the final round cost Martens the title, as he narrowly took second overall.
1995 and 1996 were blighted by injury, and Martens final season as a rider was in 1997. By this time, Martens was seen as something of an also-ran, but he managed to upset the form book and produce some impressive results, including a moto win at the British Grand Prix at Hawkstone Park, which was popular with Martens' large contingent of British fans.

## Post-racing career

After retiring, Martens became the team manager for the JM Racing KTM team, helping to guide Sven Breugelmans to the MX3 world championship. He managed the Husqvarna factory racing team in the MX2 class from 2014 to 2019. In 2020. Martens started the JM Honda Racing team to compete in the MXGP class.
# Screw It!

Screw It! is the second album by the American band Danger Danger, released in 1991. "Monkey Business" peaked at No. 42 on the UK Singles Chart.

## Production

The album was produced by Bruno Ravel and Steve West. It was recorded at New River Studios in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Ginger Lynn provided the moans on "Yeah, You Want It!"

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Calgary Herald | C |
| Chicago Tribune | |
| Rock Hard | 8.0/10 |
The Calgary Herald noted that "most of the music and pedantic lyrics tend to irritate instead of stimulate." The Chicago Tribune deemed "Yeah, You Want It!" an "offensive, date-rape anthem."
AllMusic wrote that "the music overall appears to have been constructed in hopes of pleasing both the mainstream pop audience and hair-sprayed headbangers."

## Track listing

All songs written by Steve West and Bruno Ravel, except for where noted.
* "Ginger Snaps (Intro)
* "Monkey Business" - 5:22
* "Slipped Her the Big One" (West, Andy Timmons) - 5:32
* "C'est Loupé (Prelude) / Beat the Bullet" - 4:53
* "I Still Think About You" - 4:36
* "Get Your Shit Together" - 4:41
* "Crazy Nites" - 4:14
* "Puppet Show" - 1:20
* "Everybody Wants Some" - 4:15
* "Don't Blame It on Love" - 3:58
* "Comin' Home" - 4:39
* "Horny S.O.B." - 3:22
* "Find Your Way Back Home" - 6:14
* "Yeah, You Want It!" - 3:34
* "D.F.N.S." - 0:50

## Personnel
### Band

* Ted Poley - lead and backing vocals
* Andy Timmons - electric and acoustic guitars, backing vocals
* Kasey Smith - keyboards
* Bruno Ravel - 4- and 12-string basses, backing vocals, cello
* Steve West - drums, out of tune vocals

### Guests

* Gary Cherone, Nuno Bettencourt, Pat Badger - backing vocals (2), rap (13)
* Ginger Lynn: voice
* Eddy Conard: percussion
* Todd "T-Boy" Confessore
* Mom - Violin
* Dad - Violin
* Bruno- Violin
* Koen VanBaal
* Ravel String Quartet
# Ulhas Tuenkar

Ulhas Yeshwant Tuenkar is an Indian politician from Goa and a member of the Goa Legislative Assembly. Tuenkar won the Navelim Assembly constituency on the Bharatiya Janata Party ticket in the 2022 Goa Legislative Assembly election. Tuenkar defeated Valanka Alemao of All India Trinamool Congress by 430 votes.
# John Lifton

John Lifton is an artist and theorist whose work explores the relationships between art, science, the environment and technology. He was a founder of both the London New Arts Lab (1968), which focused on film and video art, and the Institute for Research in Art and Technology (IRAT) as dissident alternatives to the original Arts Lab (London). The latter became a center for film, video, sculpture, experimental literature and avant-garde arts-science/arts-technology crossovers. In the 1970s, Lifton moved to the Rocky Mountains and in 1977 he co-founded the Telluride Institute.

## Selected external links

* Composing in the Information Age Whole Earth Review, Fall 1992 (by Chris Meyer).
* "Green Music" Archived 30 June 2007 at the Wayback Machine (1976). Article in Psychobotany.
* Collaboration with Richard Lowenberg in "Secret Life of Plants" (1976).
* Telluride Institute website
* Role in helping found the Institute for Research and Art and Technology and the New Arts Lab in "A History of Artists' Film and Video in Britain." Central St. Martin's College of Art and Design, London.
* Collaboration in founding the New Arts Lab and IRAT as a dissident alternative to the Covent Garden Arts Lab. In a discussion of J.G. Ballard's "Crashed Cars" exhibition (1970) by Simon Ford
* Biographical sketch in "Encyclopedia of Life" Symposium (2004).
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# The Secret Life of Saeed: The Pessoptimist

The Secret Life of Saeed: The Pessoptimist (Arabic: الوقائع الغريبة في اختفاء سعيد أبي النحس المتشائل) is a 1974 satirical epistolary novel by Emile Habibi.
The novel's name comes from merging the Arabic words for pessimist (al-mutasha'im المتشائم) and optimist (al-mutafa'il المتفائل), to describe the narrator Saeed's unique way of viewing the world. Saeed, the novel's narrator, frequently recounts tragic events related to his family and the plight of Palestinians, but he adds in comic flourishes to highlight his "optimistic" side.

## Narrative and Plot

Habibi used a comic mode to mitigate the intensity of his world in Israel and to make the story easier for readers to understand. This would have been more difficult had he used a straightforward historical narrative. Habiby showed his resistance against oppressive Israeli policies by using Arabic literary expressions and traditions.
The story begins with a Palestinian man named Saeed, who writes in a letter to an unnamed recipient that he was visited by aliens from outer space. The aliens have taken him into their ship, from which he is telling his story in the form of letters. The letter describes Saeed's life in Israel, after he was forced to flee from his childhood home during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. Later, he becomes an informant for Israeli intelligence. Saeed and his wife Baqiyya (باقية, which means "she who has remained" in Arabic) have one son together, Walaa. Unlike his father, Walaa becomes a member of the resistance, and he and his mother are later killed by Israeli forces. Despite Saeed's cooperation with Israel, he is sent to prison multiple times, where he is assaulted by the guards. In the end of the novel, the narrator expresses his ambivalence about the reality of Saeed the events that he recounted. He tracks down a resident at a mental institution, called Sa'di, who may be the writer of the letters.

## Reception

The Secret Life of Saeed: The Pessoptimist is regarded as a classic of Arabic literature, and was ranked the 6th-best Arabic novel of the 20th century by the Arabic Writers Union. Nancy Coffin wrote that the book's success "lies in its ability to straddle the expectations of both acceptable politics and good literature and, perhaps even more important, the fine lines between military response and political solution."
Salma Khadra Jayyusi's forward to an English translation of the book stated that its "unanimous welcome" derived from the fact that it was "highly original, fresh, and, being cast in the straight ironic mode of comic fiction, it was a challenge to the existing modes of fiction in the Arab World."
# Jack Coughlan

John J. (Jack) Coughlan was an Irish sportsperson. He played hurling with his local club Tulla and with the Clare and the London inter-county teams in the early 1900s.
Jack Coughlan was born in Tulla, County Clare, Ireland, an area in the county that was famous for hurling even before the foundation of the Gaelic Athletic Association. Coughlan made his name as a hurler with Tulla, and was prominent in the club's county title in 1896. He subsequently won a Croke Cup title with Clare later that year. Shortly after these victories Coughlan later left Tulla and emigrated to London. It was here that he played hurling with the great London team of the time. He played in the 1900 All-Ireland final but lost out to Tipperary on that occasion. In 1901 Coughlan was the captain of the London team that defeated Cork in the championship decider, giving Coughlan an All-Ireland title.