# Patsho

Patsho (Pathso), a village in North East India, in the state of Nagaland, is situated in Indo-Burma region of Patkai range, towards the east of Mount Khülio-King . It is considered as one of the biggest villages in Noklak district.

## History

The nomenclature Patsho is a cryptogenic origin that convey the meaning Congregation of people. The provenance of Patsho people backtrack to the initial historical place called Khiamnyunga, from where a group of people moved towards west to occupy Lümuoking and subsequently inhibited the extant Patsho village.
During the British Raj, the Khiamniungans were referred to as kalyo Kenyu - Slate-House dwellers particularly in the works of anthropologists such as Christoph von Fürer-Haimendorf.

## People

Friendliness towards certain foreigners in the olden days is notable which faintly outlines the characteristics of the people. On the other hand, people of Patsho, a Kalyo-kengyu village, were once considered the most formidable in war where opponent from other villagers hesitate to attack and raid the village. They were the master of poisoned arrows being shot at the opponent and strategy of attacking a group of enemies by single man or two, fiercely outperforms them in war. Unlike those days, people now have become invariably polite and courteous, compassionately reinforcing the indigent and delivering impecunious. All these is affected by the inception of Christianity and introduction of modern education drastically overshadowed the vernacular education. Societal transformation is at its peak fueled by globalization and knowledge transmission through cultural exchanges.

## Education

Education seemed distant for the villagers in the olden days complimented by non-educational oriented societal norms and overwhelming domestic problems until the dawn of new academic institutions in the village.

### List of academic institutions in the village

List of Private Schools
* Union Mission School - Established in 2017. – Class A-2
List of Government Schools
* Government Primary School Pathso – Class A-4, Established in the year 1963.
* Government High School – Class 5-10, Established in 1970.

## Politics
### History

There was no hereditary chief in Patsho or in any Kalyo Kengyu villages. They were all organized on democratic lines, men excelling in war or wealth acting as leaders. Particularly In Patsho however there was a certain men who acts at magical and religious ceremonies, whose dignity is hereditary in his clan.

### Present Administration

Patsho forms part of Thonoknyu Assembly constituency #57 in the Nagaland Legislative Assembly. Patsho neighbors Kingnyu to the east, Tshüvau and Lingnyu to the northeast, Yokau and Iekhau to the north, Patsho Nokking and Patsho Town to the south, Kingphu and New Sanglau Longding to the south west, Yakor to the north west and Shamator to the west.

### Local Administration

"As per constitution of India and Panchyati Raj Act, Patsho village is administrated by Sarpanch (Head of Village) who is elected representative of village."
Chairman
* Buming
* Chietei
* Pushong - Incumbent
VDB secretary
* Mukom
* Sheying - Incumbent
Head Gaon Bura
* Pingchang
* Sheying
* Chietei - Incumbent

## Economy

Farming and rearing of domestic animals is the mainstay of the village economy but cotton production is still popular, thus enhancing annual household income. Some of the important crops cultivating in the village are Paddy, Maize Millet, Beans of different kind, Chilies, Taro, Sweet potatoes. It is considered as one of the biggest economies in Noklak.

## Culture

Patsho is considered the cultural centre of folklore, arts, significant heritage, and fashion around the area. Patsho can be considered the cultural hub of the Khiamniungans.
The initiative of an inclusive society in every cultural arenas to achieve gender equality is a step closer towards vibrant culture and peaceful society.

### Marriages

There are two exogamous or clans known as Shiu and Lam. Inter marriages takes place between these two. Kalyo Kengyu strictly follow monogamous. They pay no bride-price.

### Seisei-ie

A wordplay or pun is one of the unique cultures of the Khiamniungans and especially of Patsho people since the inception of the villages. Traditionally it was played between villages in the form of competition unlike today's norm of performing for entertainment purposes.

### Traditional dances

Some cultural dance performed by the villagers.

## Climate

Patsho village undergoes a sub-tropical climate with four distinct seasons: spring (Miuleih), summer (Asheu), autumn (Ochamju) and winter (A-uh).
Patsho comes under the climate zone of Humid subtropical, dry winter(Köppen climate classification). The average mean temperature is around 25.05°C (77.09°F). It experience hottest on average in the month of June, when the day time temperature may reach up-to 29.34°C (84.81°F), and is coolest in January when the average low temperature may fall below 11.33°C (52.39°F). Rainfall in the area varies from 150 to 250 cm. The bulk of rainfall is received between May and October.

## Agricultural practice

The people predominantly follow Jhum cultivation and the major crops are maize, rice, yam, millet, Job's tears (adlay millet), beans, sweet potatoes, pulses and spices.
| Workers | Total | Male | Female |
| Main workers | 1015 | 521 | 491 |
| Cultivators | 930 | 458 | 472 |
| Agricultural labourers | 10 | 6 | 4 |
| Other workers | 75 | 60 | 15 |
| Marginal workers | 142 | 66 | 76 |
| Non working | 960 | 470 | 490 |

## Religion

Religion in Patsho (2011) :
| Religion | Religion | Percent | Percent |
| Christians | Christians | 99.9% | 99.9% |
| Hindus | Hindus | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| Muslims | Muslims | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| Buddhists | Buddhists | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| Others* | Others* | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| Distribution of religions Includes Jains, Sikhs, Animists. |||||
Christianity is the only religion followed by the people and the church has celebrated its 50th anniversary (Golden Jubilee) in 2015.
| Sl no | Pastors | Duration |
| 1 | Marnungsang Ao | |
| 2 | Muno Patsho | |
| 3 | Tongthan Ao | |
| 4 | Shingnyo Patsho | 2000-2021 |
| 5 | Mukom Patsho | 2021-incumbent |

## Demography

As per 2011 Indian Census, the total population of the village is 2117, out of which 1060 are male and 1057 female.

## Literacy rate

According to the 2011 Indian census, the literacy rate of this village is 54.87%. In Pathso Male literacy stands at 58.07 % while female literacy rate was 51.60 %.

## Transportation
### Air

The nearest airport is Jorhat Airport in Assam located around 250 kilometres from the village. There is a helipad in Noklak, the distance from Patsho to Noklak is 37km.

### Rail

The nearest railway stations are Amguri railway station and Jorhat Town railway station located around 206 kilometres and 243 kilometres from the village respectively.

### Road

The village is connected with roads. The Patsho Road passes through the district alongside other intra-district roads. The NH 202 and NH 702B are the nearest highways to the village. Both the highways pass through Tuensang.