OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Miriam Shearing

Miriam Mattinen Shearing (born Ellen Miriam Mattinen; February 24, 1935) is an American lawyer and retired judge in Nevada. Shearing was the first woman to serve as a Nevada district judge and as justice and chief justice on the Supreme Court of Nevada (1993–2005).

## Early life and education

She was born on February 24, 1935, in Waverly, New York. Shearing grew up on a farm near Spencer, New York, the oldest of three children. She was the daughter of Eino Olavi and Lillian Sophia (Petaja) Mattinen.
Her parents were Finnish American, and she spoke Finnish in the home. Shearing graduated from Cornell University with a Bachelor of Arts in philosophy; at Cornell, she met her husband, Steven Shearing. She then graduated from Boston College Law School, where she took night classes while her husband attended medical school.

## Career

After graduation, the Shearings moved to California, where Steven Shearing completed his medical internship and residency, and then lived in Pakistan, where Steven Shearing worked for CARE. The Shearings moved to Nevada in 1969, and Shearing was admitted to the bar in Nevada that year, becoming the fiftieth woman admitted to practice in the state. Shearing practiced for several years in Las Vegas, and became a juvenile court referee in 1975. Shearing successfully ran for a seat on the justice court, after the Clark County Commission (which was opposed to a woman serving on the court) refused to appoint her to an open seat.
In 1977, Shearing became a justice of the peace in Clark County. In 1983, Shearing became a Nevada District Court judge, the first woman to do so In 1986, Shearing became chief judge on the court and served as president of the Nevada District Judges Association.
In 1992, Shearing won an election to the Nevada Supreme Court, defeating District Judge J. Charles Thompson, the one-time favorite, 43 percent to 29 percent. Shearing was an advocate of abortion rights who during the election campaign urged "a female voice" on the court. The election was deeply bitter in tone, which the Nevada Commission on Judicial Discipline criticized, prompting Shearing and Thompson to apologize and agree "to refrain from negative campaigning in the future." Shearing became the first woman on the Nevada Supreme Court, and the 40th serving female state supreme court justice.
Shearing served on the court for twelve years, and was named chief justice in 1997. She ran unopposed for reelection in 1998. Shearing announced in April 2003 that she would not seek a third term, and retired on January 4, 2005, at the conclusion of her second term in office.
Shearing said that upon retirement she would divide her time between Las Vegas and Incline Village.

## Personal life

Shearing was married to husband Dr. Steven Shearing (d. 2011), an ophthalmologist and pioneer in cataract surgery. They had three children.
In February 1984, the Shearings were part of a group of landowners who donated 1,470 acres of land near Pioche, Nevada, to the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. Valued at $882,000, the donation was at that time one of the largest gifts in UNLV history.
# Louisa Grace Beauclerk, Duchess of St Albans

Louisa Grace Beauclerk, Duchess of St Albans (née Lady Louisa Grace Manners; 4 December 1777 – 19 February 1816), was a British noblewoman and the second wife of Aubrey Beauclerk, 6th Duke of St Albans.
She was one of the youngest of the seven children of John Manners, MP, and his wife Louisa Tollemache, 7th Countess of Dysart. Her nephew, Lionel Tollemache, 8th Earl of Dysart, succeeded her mother in the earldom when the latter died in 1840, aged 95.
She married the duke on 15 August 1802 in London, a few months after he succeeded his father in the dukedom. He had previously been married to Jane Moses, who died in 1800, leaving one daughter. The new duchess was said to have been "one of the brightest stars in the fashionable hemisphere" in the early years of her marriage.
They had one child, Aubrey Beauclerk, 7th Duke of St Albans (7 April 1815 – 19 February 1816); her husband, described as "a weak and sickly man", died, aged 50, four months after the child's birth.
The duchess died on the same day as her son; both died at the home of her sister, the former Lady Laura Manners, wife of John Dalrymple, in Portman Square, London. Louisa had been "in a delicate state of health" since the death of her husband, and contemporary reports say that she died three hours after the child. Both were buried at Hanwell. The dukedom passed to a younger brother of the 6th Duke.
# Robert Creswell

Robert Creswell (1772–1850) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 26th lieutenant governor of South Carolina and the 4th comptroller general of South Carolina.

## Biography

Robert Creswell was born in approximately 1772 in the Province of South Carolina. He practiced law in the Laurens District of South Carolina. He first entered politics as a Federalist when he was elected to the South Carolina House of Representatives in 1789, but he lost reelection in 1802. By 1814, Creswell switched to the Democratic-Republican party and was elected lieutenant governor; he served one term from 1814 to 1816. He was elected comptroller general in 1816 and served until 1818. Upon retirement, he became a candidate for the appointment of an appellate judge and as president of the Bank of South Carolina, but refused both positions and returned to his legal practice.
# James Roy Andersen

Brigadier General James Roy Andersen (May 10, 1904 – February 26, 1945) was a United States Army Air Forces officer. He was declared killed in action after an aircraft accident on February 26, 1945, over the Pacific Ocean.

## Background

Andersen was born in Racine, Wisconsin, on May 10, 1904, the son of Niels and Inger (Klausen) Andersen. He graduated from Racine High School in 1922.
He graduated from the United States Military Academy on the Hudson River at West Point, New York, on June 12, 1926, fourth in his class. Shortly after graduating, married his high school sweetheart, Esther Katherine Hau. He then joined the 2nd Infantry at Fort Sheridan Illinois for 2 years, then served 3 years at Schofield Barracks, Hawaii; 3 years at Aberdeen (Maryland) Proving Ground Command and Picatinny Arsenal, New Jersey; one year in Boston, and one year at Selfridge Field, Michigan, plus one year in San Antonio, Texas. He graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1934 with a Master of Science degree. He spent 6 years in the infantry and 3 years in ordnance before entering into flight school. In 1936, he was promoted to captain and obtained his wings at Kelly Field, Texas and assigned to Hickam Field, Hawaii. During World War II, he returned to West Point as an instructor, with promotion to colonel by early 1943. During 1943-1944 he served on the U.S. War Department General Staff. In January 1945, Andersen was promoted to brigadier general and assigned to HQ AAF, Pacific Ocean Area.

## Disappearance

Andersen is believed to have died on February 26, 1945, in an aircraft accident near Kwajalein Island. He and Lieutenant General Millard Harmon were traveling on Consolidated C-87A Liberator Express serial number 41-24174, which disappeared between Kwajalein and Johnston Island while en route to Hawaii. The pilot of the aircraft was Major Francis Euel Savage.

## Legacy

Andersen Air Force Base in the United States territory of Guam is named in his memory.

## Career
### Service

    1940-07-01 – 1942-XX-XX - Instructor at Department of Chemistry & Electricity, US Military Academy West Point
    1942-03-XX – 1943-06-XX - Director of Training at the Army Air Force Basic Advanced Flying School
    1943-06-XX – 1944-08-XX - Attached to Plans Division, War Department General Staff
    1944-08-XX – 1945-02-26 - Chief of Staff, US Army Air Forces Pacific Ocean Areas
    1945-02-26 – Lost in an airplane crash at sea
    1945-03-17 – Search abandoned
    1946-02-27 – Declared dead

### Promotions

    1942-01-05 Lieutenant-Colonel (Army of the United States)
    1942-03-01 Colonel (Army of the United States)
    1943-06-12 Major
    1945-01-21 Brigadier-General (Army of the United States)

## Awards and decorations

* United States Aviator Badge
* Legion of Merit
* Good Conduct Medal (United States)
* American Campaign Medal
* Presidential Unit Citation (United States)
* Asiatic–Pacific Campaign Medal
* World War II Victory Medal
# William L. Hanaway

William L. Hanaway (1929-2018) was an American scholar and professor of Asian and Middle Eastern Studies at the University of Pennsylvania. He was a president of the Association for Iranian Studies (2000). He was also a member of the Editorial Board of A History of Persian Literature and a consultant and contributor to the Encyclopœdia Iranica.
# Wilmer Ramos

Wilmer Daniel Ramos Rodríguez (born June 1, 1979, in Saba, Honduras) is a Honduran professional footballer.

## Club career

Nicknamed el Cambio, Ramos was part of the Victoria squad that suffered relegation after the 2002–2003 season. He played in Guatemala, where he left Sacachispas in summer 2007 after failing to score a goal in 10 games and joined Zacapa.
In 2008, he joined Deportes Savio. In January 2010 he crossed the border to play for Salvadoran side Municipal Limeño. He scored 18 Honduran league goals in total.
# Mehdi Chahkoutahzadeh

Mehdi Chahkoutahzadeh (born May 26, 1989) is an Iranian footballer who plays for Fajr Sepasi in the Azadegan League.

## Club career

Heidari had played his entire career with Iranjavan, until he moved to Fajr Sepasi in the summer of 2014.
# Battle of Konary

50°40′58″N 21°22′44″E﻿ / ﻿50.68278°N 21.37889°E﻿ / 50.68278; 21.37889
The battle of Konary took place during the Great War, in May and June 1915 in the Sandomierz Uplands, near the village of Konary and the town of Klimontów, Poland, between the Russian Army and the forces of Józef Piłsudski's Polish Legions. The battle started on 16 May, when the Russian 4th Army started its counter-offensive against the Central Powers in the Kingdom of Poland. The offensive was directed against the wing of the Austrian 25th Infantry Division in the area of Opatów and Klimontów. The Polish 1st Brigade was used as a stop-gap measure and held out until 23 June, when the Russian offensive was finally repelled. Both sides suffered heavy losses.
# Shabin-Karahisar uprising

The Shabin-Karahisar uprising (June 2–30, 1915) was a resistance effort by the Armenian militia of the Hunchaks of the Giresun Province against Ottoman troops during the Armenian genocide. They had resisted the Ottoman onslaught for the duration of a month. The Armenians had positioned themselves in a fort right outside the town where about 250 men fought off Turkish soldiers.

## Background

News of the massacres in other regions of Western Armenia made the people of Shabin-Karahisar think that their "turn" was coming soon. In April, 1915, hundreds of young men were suddenly imprisoned. In June, 1915, the region's Armenian religious leader was executed. Then, 200 Armenian merchants were killed as a part of a systematic campaign of genocide by the Ottoman authorities.
The able-bodied Armenians of Shabin-Karahisar thus decided to confront the Ottomans. They started by burning their own homes and fortified themselves in a nearby castle. Many Ottoman soldiers died in battle those days. After weeks of confrontation, the Armenian militia had no ammunition left. They decided to come out from the castle and fight with their own bare hands. Now, there were only women, children, and elderly in the city, who were all massacred following the resistance's suppression.
Shabin Karahisar (Şebinkarahisar) was the birthplace of Andranik Ozanian, a well-known Armenian fedayee.
The resistance at Shabin Karahisar was chronicled by Aram Haigaz, who survived the siege and subsequent deportation, in his book The Fall of the Airie.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Richard G. Hovannisian, The Armenian Genocide: History, Politics, Ethics, Palgrave Macmillan, 1992, ISBN 978-0-312-04847-1, p. 289.
* 1 2 Simon Payaslian, "The Armenian Resistance at Shabin-Karahisar in 1915" 5th International conferences on Historic Armenian Cities and Provinces
* ↑ Richard G. Hovannisian, Armenian Sebastia/Sivas and Lesser Armenia, Mazda Publishers, 2004, ISBN 978-1-56859-152-0, p. 399.
* ↑ Balakian, Peter. The Burning Tigris: The Armenian Genocide and America's Response. pp. 210.
* ↑ Translated from the Armenian: Mihran Kurdoghlian, Badmoutioun Hayots, C. hador [Armenian History, volume III], Athens, Greece, 1996, pg. 93.
# Battle of Mount Ortigara

The Battle of Mount Ortigara was fought from 10 to 25 June 1917 between the Italian and Austro-Hungarian armies for possession of Mount Ortigara, in the Asiago Plateau.

## Battle

The attack began on 10 June and after fierce and bloody fighting, the Italian 52nd Alpine Division managed to capture the top of Mount Ortigara.
The Austro-Hungarian command promptly sent many trained reinforcements. On 25 June, the 11 Italian battalions guarding the summit were attacked by Austro-Hungarian shock troops which retook it, the strenuous Italian resistance notwithstanding.
The 52nd Division alone suffered about half the Italian casualties. General Ettore Mambretti, commander of the Sixth Army, was considered responsible for the heavy casualties and removed from command.
A letter from a young soldier, written on the eve of the battle, is part of the museum of the Asiago War Memorial. Adolfo Ferrero wrote this letter to his family shortly before dying in combat, and the letter was later discovered in the personal effects of his page, whose body was exhumed from Mount Ortigara in the 1950s.
* Alpini before the Battle
* Heavy Italian artillery at work
* Italian officers at an observation post on Cima Levante
# French occupation of Thessaly

The French occupation of Thessaly took place in June 1917, during the First World War, as part of the Allied intervention in the Greek National Schism. The chief military clash of the occupation became known as the Battle of the Flag (Greek: μάχη της σημαίας).

## Events

The French army occupied consecutively on June 11 – Elasson; June 12–14 – Larissa; on 13/15 June – Velestino, Volos and Trikala; on June 15/17 – Kalambaka, and on June 26 – Lamia.
The chief military confrontation of the operation occurred when the French attempted to disarm the 1/38 Evzone Regiment in Larissa, under the command of Lt. Colonel Athanasios Frangos. The regiment refused to obey the command to surrender its weapons, and retreated west towards the mountains. The French launched Moroccan sipahis in pursuit of the unit, encircling it and forcing it to surrender after clashes (named "Battle of the Flag", as the Greeks carried the regimental standard with them) that claimed the lives of 59 Greek officers and soldiers, as well as seven killed and 15 wounded on the French side.
At the same time the Allies issued an ultimatum to Constantine threatening to bombard Athens. As a result King Constantine I of Greece abdicated.
At least 200 royalist Greek MPs, municipal leaders, lawyers and doctors were introduced into a prison camp in Thessaloniki. The Thessaloniki concentration camp was surrounded by double rows of wire mesh, and the guard was made up of Cambodian and Senegalese soldiers.
# Elizabeth A. Coleman

Elizabeth A. Coleman was appointed Inspector General for the Federal Reserve System on May 6, 2007. As Inspector General she leads the Office of Inspector General (OIG), responsible for promoting economy, efficiency, and effectiveness within the FED Board programs and operations. The responsibilities of the OIG also include the prevention and detection of waste, fraud, and abuse at the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. The OIG is supposed to achieve its mandate through audits, evaluations, investigations, legislative reviews, while keeping the Chairman of the Board and Congress fully informed.
Coleman started at the OIG in 1989 as a senior auditor. In 1999 she was promoted to program manager, 2001 to senior program manager and 2004 to the official staff, as the Assistant Inspector General for Communications and Quality Assurance. She reportedly has worked closely with the Executive Council on Integrity and Efficiency, a professional organization of about thirty statutory Inspectors General who are appointed by their agency heads in certain designated federal entities, including the Board.
Prior to joining the board's staff, she was employed by the Government Accountability Office. Coleman has a BBA degree from James Madison University and is a graduate of the Stonier Graduate School of Banking, then hosted by Georgetown University. She also attended the Federal Reserve System’s Trailblazers Leadership Conference. Ms. Coleman is a Certified Information Systems Auditor.
During the Financial Services Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations hearing of May 5 2009, Ms. Coleman did not answer several questions regarding trillions of dollars of "off-balance transactions" and "extension of credit" in the balance sheet of the Federal Reserve saying that she was conducting a "review" (and not an "investigation") "at a fairly high level" and not down to the specific "details". Videos of the Hearing has been going viral over the Internet since.
# New London riots of 1919

The New London riots of 1919 were a series of racial riots between white and black Navy sailors and Marines stationed in New London and Groton, Connecticut.

## Race violence

White and black sailors and marines occupied separate living quarters at the Naval submarine base in Groton, Connecticut in 1919. Racial tensions were high in the Groton and New London area from May to June, and there were several confrontations between the two groups. Black sailors reported that white sailors attacked them, and white Marines accused the black sailors of waiting for them after dark when they crossed Long Cove Bridge. The police arrested two white "Blue Jackets", and white sailors attacked the Hotel Bristol on Bank Street where the black sailors spent most of their free time, throwing a group of blacks out of the hotel on the street and beating them. The police and fire brigades were called but could not stop the rioting. The Marine Corps were eventually called, and they regained control.
On May 30, 1919, about 20 sailors and soldiers were arrested by police officers, marines, and firemen. The Greeneville Daily Sun reported that the trouble began when "negro sailors" entered the Coast Guard Academy in New London and attacked white sailors. On June 29, 1919, another riot erupted which required the Marines to restore order. Author Jan Voogd argues that this riot came to national attention because a fire hydrant was damaged by the marine vehicles. This caused a dispute between the submarine base and city authorities over who would pay for the damage, and so created a paper trail. Voogd posits that there may have been other race riots that went "uncounted, unobserved, and unacknowledged."

## Aftermath

These confrontations were among numerous incidents of civil unrest that began in the so-called Red Summer of 1919. The Summer consisted of attacks on black communities in more than three dozen cities and counties. In most cases, white mobs attacked black neighborhoods. In some cases, black community groups resisted the attacks, especially in Chicago and Washington, D.C. Most deaths occurred in rural areas during events such as the Elaine Race Riot in Arkansas, where an estimated 100 to 240 black people and 5 white people were killed. Also occurring in 1919 were the Chicago Race Riot and Washington, D.C. race riot which killed 38 and 39 people respectively, both having many more non-fatal injuries and extensive property damage.
# Raid on Erbeyli

37°51′N 27°41′E﻿ / ﻿37.850°N 27.683°E﻿ / 37.850; 27.683
The Raid on Erbeyli was a raid conducted by the Kuva-yi Milliye. After invading Aydın and Nazilli, the Greek army was concerned about resistance movements raising in the area. The raid against the Malgaç bridge a few days ago was a good example for their feeling of unease.

## Prelude

Turkish Lieutenant Kadri Bey of the Muğla volunteer platoon had been observing Greek troops in the area for several days. He determined their movements, barracks and guard replacement times. After precise surveillance, he concluded that the best target for a raid was the Erbeyli train station. The Erbeyli train station was located 1-2 kilometers away from the Erbeyli village. Therefore, the villagers were far away from gunfires. The train station was guarded by 20 Greek soldiers equipped with machine guns situated in a small hangar next to the station.

## Raid

One Evzone company was sent to the Erbeyli village one night before the attack. The Turkish forces, unaware about this circumstance, attacked the train station in the night of 20–21 June 1919. At the beginning, the attacked looked like a success but with the Greek reinforcements arriving from the Erbeyli village the situation got worse. The Greek guards of the station fired with their machine guns from the top floor of the hangar. The clash lasted about three hours. Caught in the fire from two sides and having lost their machine gunner, Kadri Bey decided to retreat under the veil of darkness before the sun would rise. He divided the remaining men into two groups. The first group retreated to the mountainous area in the north, crossing the Büyük Menderes River with the small ship named Osmanbükü and finally arriving in the village of Çakmar. The second group retreated to the plain in the south.

## Result

The attack had cost the Turks 7 killed and 12 wounded. The Greeks had suffered 30-80 killed and 40 wounded. The Greek troops angered about the attack and their casualties, brought their casualties to Aydın and showed them to the local Turkish population. Later they abducted 72 Turkish civilians from Erbeyli, Germencik and İncirliova and executed them by shooting as a warning for future raids.