OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lancashire and Cheshire Miners' Permanent Relief Society

The Lancashire and Cheshire Miners Permanent Relief Society (LCMPRS) was a form of friendly society started in 1872 to provide financial assistance to miners who were unable to work after being injured in industrial accidents in collieries on the Lancashire Coalfield. It also provided funds for widows, orphans and dependent relatives of those who were killed in the pits. The society operated until 2006 from offices in Wigan.

## Background

In the 19th century there was no welfare system to support miners who were injured at work. The coal owners paid no compensation or sick pay and families could be left destitute. Large mining disasters attracted public subscriptions for the victims, their wives and dependants but nothing was forthcoming for the numerous single deaths that occurred regularly. To provide support for themselves and their families when they were unable to work, miners joined the friendly societies or permanent relief societies that were formed in Northumberland and Durham in 1862, North Staffordshire in 1869, Lancashire and Cheshire in 1872 and The West Riding of Yorkshire in 1877. Members of the society paid a weekly subscription of between two and four pence and when they were unable to work were paid up to ten shillings per week. Funeral grants, widow's pensions and orphan's benefits were also paid when its members were killed at work.

## Society

A spate of disasters in the late-1860s and early-1870s left authorities unable to cope with large numbers of widows and orphans whose main breadwinner had been killed in the pits. The Lancashire and Cheshire Miners Permanent Relief Society, championed by the Wigan miners' agent, William Pickard, was started in 1872 when Lancashire was the country's seventh largest coal producer and often had the highest accident figures. Pickard considered that colliery disasters turned people into paupers through no fault of their own and that the society should be funded by both the colliers and the coal owners, provide orphanages and campaign for more stringent safety rules. Many miners were sceptical and thought that colliery owners would have the advantage and when incidents occurred accidents would be paid for by the miners themselves releasing them from the incentive to work the pits safely. The idea was received more sympathetically by the coal owners whose funds were inadequate to meet the demands of the time. After William Pickard's death in 1887, Robert Isherwood became vice-president of the society.
By 1879, 27,000 miners were members of the society and 5,000 of them had drawn benefits. By 1900 about two-thirds of the coalfield's 80,000 miners had joined and were eligible for benefits.
# Department of the Interior (1932–1939)

The Department of the Interior was an Australian government department that existed between April 1932 and April 1939. It was the first so-named Australian Government department to be created, and was replaced by the Department of the Interior (II).

## Scope

Information about the department's functions and government funding allocation could be found in the Administrative Arrangements Orders, the annual Portfolio Budget Statements and in the Department's annual reports.
The Department was a composite department and dealt with a diverse range of activities. According to National Archives of Australia records, at its creation the Department dealt with:
* Aliens Registration
* Astronomy
* Australian War Memorial
* Commonwealth Literary Fund
* Conveyance of Members of Parliament and others
* Co-ordination of Australian Transport Services
* Elections and Franchise
* Emigration of children and aboriginals
* Federal Transport Council
* Forestry
* Geodesy
* Immigration
* Indentured Coloured Labour
* Lands and Survey
* Meteorology
* Naturalization
* Northern Territory
* Oil Investigation and Prospecting (Encouragement of)
* Passports
* Pearl Shelling and Trepang Fisheries in Australian waters beyond Territorial Limits
* Properties (a) transferred (b) acquired (c) rented
* Prospecting for precious metals (assistance for)
* Public Works and Services
* Railways
* Rivers, roads and bridges
* Seat of Government
* Solar Observatory
* War Service Homes Scheme
* Waterside employment

## Structure

The Department was a Commonwealth Public Service department, staffed by officials who were responsible to the Minister for the Interior.
# Sam Williams (basketball, born 1945)

Samuel H. Williams (born January 22, 1945) is an American former professional basketball player who played for the National Basketball Association’s Milwaukee Bucks from 1968 until 1970.

## Career

Williams attended Northern High School in Detroit Michigan and was awarded an athletic scholarship to attend the University of Iowa in 1964. Iowa enjoyed six years of tremendous success under coach Ralph Miller from 1964–65 through 1969–1970, winning two Big Ten conference titles during that span. The 1967–68 team tied for the Big Ten Title with Ohio State with a 10–4 conference record, and a 16–9 overall record. This team was led by Williams, a 6-foot, 3 inch, 180 lbs guard, who led the Big Ten in scoring that year. Williams had a career high 39 points in a game against Northwestern University in 1967.
Williams scored a season average 25.3 points a game his senior year. Williams was voted the Big Ten MVP in 1968, as well as Iowa's team MVP. He was named a third-team All-American that year. Williams was drafted by the Milwaukee Bucks in the 3rd round (13th pick, 35th overall) of the 1968 NBA draft and was a pre-draft selection of the Minnesota Pipers of the ABA. He played two seasons for the Bucks, averaging 3.9 points a game and was cut by the team at the end of the 1969–70 season. Williams earned $25,000 in his first season and $30,000 in his second year.

## Career statistics
### NBA

Source

#### Regular season

| Year | Team | GP | MPG | FG% | FT% | RPG | APG | PPG |
| 1968–69 | Milwaukee | 55 | 11.4 | .342 | .537 | 2.0 | 1.1 | 4.1 |
| 1969–70 | Milwaukee | 11 | 4.0 | .458 | .455 | .6 | .3 | 2.5 |
| Career | Career | 66 | 10.2 | .353 | .531 | 1.8 | 1.0 | 3.9 |

#### Playoffs

| Year | Team | GP | MPG | FG% | FT% | RPG | APG | PPG |
| 1970 | Milwaukee | 2 | 8.0 | .571 | .000 | 2.0 | .5 | 4.0 |
# AeroVironment Broomstick

The AeroVironment Broomstick was an unmanned aerial vehicle developed for DARPA. It was notable for being a flying wing, with propulsion and control being achieved through the use of blown flaps and similar aerodynamic means.

## Design and development

The Broomstick was developed in response to a need for a long endurance aircraft with unique characteristics. It was an unswept flying wing configuration, with no dihedral and with all its propulsion and systems being contained within the wing itself. The aircraft used a 50% thick airfoil, which had been developed at the David Taylor Model Basin, located in Bethesda, Maryland. It used differential blowing for boundary layer control, propulsion, and flight control, with no propulsion elements (inlets, exhausts, propellers) being visible outside of the wing.
The Broomstick featured a fixed four wheel undercarriage. There were two vertical fins located by the trailing edge of the wing. A boom trailing behind the wing contained an angle-of-attack sensor, which worked in conjunction with an onboard autopilot.

## Operational history

The first flights took place in 1987, and proved the feasibility of using boundary layer control on the 50% thick airfoil. The Broomstick had horizontal and vertical tail surfaces, mounted at the end of an approximately 4 ft long tailboom. Progress was delayed till funding to allow the development of a digital autopilot became available. The Broomstick's first flight as a truly tailless aircraft, without the tailboom, was made on 14 August 1990. Broomstick flew nominally around 15-20 mph.
The Broomstick was the first known aircraft whose propulsion and control was provided entirely by boundary layer control.

## Specifications

Data from To Boldly Go Where No Unmanned Aircraft Has Gone Before
General characteristics
* Crew: none
* Wingspan: 25 ft (7.6 m)
* Wing area: 41.66 sq ft (3.870 m$^2$)
* Aspect ratio: 15
* Gross weight: 45 lb (20 kg)
Performance
* Cruise speed: 15–20 mph (24–32 km/h, 13–17 kn)
# André Tassin

André Tassin (23 February 1902 – 12 July 1986) was a French footballer. He played as goalkeeper for RC France.
A reserve for Alex Thépot at the 1930 FIFA World Cup, Tassin played for France in 1932.

## Playing career

* RC France (1929–1934)
* Amiens SC (1934–1935)
* Stade de Reims (1935–1936)

## Honours

* International in 1932 (5 caps)
* Finalist of the Coupe de France 1930 (with RC France)
# José Manuel Pérez (bobsleigh)

José Manuel Pérez de Vega (born 10 May 1947) is a Spanish bobsledder. He competed in the two-man and the four-man events at the 1968 Winter Olympics.
# François Wagner

François Wagner (born 16 November 1890; date of death unknown) was a Luxembourgish gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. In 1912, he was a member of the Luxembourgish team, which finished fourth in the team, European system competition and fifth in the team, free system event.
# Jakub Zdrójkowski

Jakub Zdrójkowski (born 29 May 2000) is a television, film, and voice actor. He is best known from portraying Piotr in Foster Family (2009), and Nikodem Kowalski in Kowalscy kontra Kowalscy.

## Biography

Jakub Zdrójkowski was born on 29 May 2000, in Warsaw, Poland. He is the son of Dariusz Zdrójkowski and Edyta Zdrójkowska, and has a twin brother Adam Zdrójkowski, who is also an actor.
In 2003, his family participated in the TVN game show Chwila prawdy.
In 2005, he portrayed Kuba Waligóra, a five-year-old child of main characters in the TVN television series Magda M. In 2009, he and his brother, Adam, portrayed twin brothers Piotr and Paweł in the television series Foster Family. The same year they also portrayed twin brothers Matthew and Jimmy in the television series The Londoners. From 2012 to 2014, he was a host of the Teletoon+ children's cooking show Deserownia. He also had various guest roles in television series such as Family.pl (2011), Hotel 52 (2012), Reguły gry (2012), Father Matthew (2013, 2020), and minor roles in films such as Superheroes (2010) and Battery Number One (2015). From 2021 to 2022, he portrayed Nikodem Kowalski, one of the main characters of the Polsat television series Kowalscy kontra Kowalscy. In 2022, he participated in the Polsat talent show Twoja twarz brzmi znajomo.

## Filmography
### Films

| Year | Title | Role |
| 2010 | Superheroes | Gabryś |
| 2012 | Being Like Deyna | Altar server |
| 2015 | Battery Number One | Andrzej |

### Television series

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2003 | Chwila prawdy | Himself | Game show; 1 episode |
| 2005 | Magda M. | Kuba Waligóra | 6 episodes |
| 2009 | Foster Family | Piotr | Main role; 16 episodes |
| 2009 | The Londoners | Matthew | 3 episodes |
| 2011 | Family.pl | Kuba's friend | Episode: "Narada rodzinna" (no. 43) |
| 2012 | Reguły gry | Jurek | Episode: "Stary donry grzech" (no. 12) |
| 2012 | Hotel 52 | Bartek Konieczny | Episode no. 69 |
| 2012–2014 | Deserownia | Himself (host) | Cooking show |
| 2013 | Father Matthew | Boy | Episode: "Układ" (no. 129) |
| 2020 | Father Matthew | Robert Stępień | Episode: "Zamęt" (no. 295) |
| 2015 | Kuba Wojewódzki | Himself (guest) | 1 episode |
| 2020 | Barwy szczęścia | Bogdan | 7 episodes |
| 2021–2022 | Kowalscy kontra Kowalscy | Nikodem Kowalski | Main role; 44 episodes |
| 2022 | Twoja twarz brzmi znajomo | Himself (contestant) | Talent show |
| 2023 | First Love | Mikołaj, Filip Wenerski's step brother | 4 episodes |
# Mailam Engineering College

Mailam Engineering College is a private engineering college, founded in 1998, in the Villupuram district of Tamil Nadu, India. The college is approved by the All India Council for Technical Education in New Delhi and affiliated with Anna University, Chennai. The college is built in a campus of 42 acres, situated adjacent to the Sri Subramaniam Swamy Koil, Mailam, and Sri Vakkarakali Amman Koil, Thiruvakkarai.

## Courses

The college offers Eight undergraduate courses and six postgraduate courses including M.B.A. and M.C.A.

## Undergraduate Departments

| # | Degree | Course name | Duration | Sanctioned intake$_{For2023–2024}$ | Starting year |
| 1 | B.E. | Civil Engineering | 4 years | 60 | 2009 |
| 2 | B.E. | Computer Science and Engineering | 4 years | 180 | 1998 |
| 3 | B.E. | Electrical and Electronics Engineering | 4 years | 60 | 1998 |
| 4 | B.E. | Electronics and Communication Engineering | 4 years | 180 | 2001 |
| 5 | B.E. | Mechanical Engineering | 4 years | 120 | 1998 |
| 6 | B.TECH | Information Technology | 4 years | 120 | 2001 |
| 7 | B.TECH | Artificial Intelligence and Data Science | 4 years | 60 | 2021 |
| 8 | B.TECH | Computer Science and Business Systems | 4 years | 60 | 2021 |

## Post Graduate programs

| S.NO | DEGREE | NAME OF THE COURSE | DURATION | SANCTIONED INTAKE $_{For2014–2015}$ | YEAR OF STARTING |
| 9 | M.E | Communication Systems | 2 years | 18 | 2009 |
| 10 | M.E | Computer Science and Engineering | 2 years | 24 | 2005 |
| 11 | M.E | Engineering Design | 2 years | 18 | 2004 |
| 12 | M.E | Power Electronics and Drives | 2 years | 24 | 2005 |
| 13 | M.B.A | Master of Business Administration | 2 years | 120 | 2006 |
| 14 | M.C.A | Master of Computer Applications | 3 years | 60 | 2000 |

## Facilities

The college is provided with an air-conditioned auditorium to accommodate 750 students.
# All the Winners

All the Winners is a 1920 British silent sports film directed by Geoffrey Malins and starring Owen Nares, Maudie Dunham and Sam Livesey. It is set in the horse racing world.
It was made at Isleworth Studios.

## Cast

* Owen Nares as Tim Hawker
* Maudie Dunham as Dora Dalton
* Sam Livesey as Pedro Darondary
* Maidie Hope as Picco
* Ena Beaumont as Daphne Dression
# Bhavnagar taluka

Bhavnagar Taluka is a taluka of Bhavnagar District, state of Gujarat, India. It was named after the largest city in the district, Bhavnagar which is also the administrative headquarters for the taluka, as well as the district.
Bhavnagar Taluka is in the northeastern part of Bhavnagar District, and borders on Botad District to the north, Ahmedabad District to the northeast, the Gulf of Khambhat to the east, Ghogha Taluka to the southeast, Sihor Taluka to the southwest, and Vallabhipur Taluka to the west.

## Villages

There are fifty-six panchayat villages in Bhavnagar Taluka.
# Pat Chapman (footballer)

Patricia "Pat" Chapman (born 21 July 1956) is a former Southampton WFC and England women's international footballer who played as a winger. She won 32 caps for England following her debut against Scotland in 1976 and competed at the 1984 European Competition for Women's Football. In 1978 Chapman scored a record six goals in the Women's FA Cup final in Southampton's 8–2 win over Queens Park Rangers. In total Chapman scored a record ten goals in WFA Cup finals and won the tournament six times between 1973 and 1981.

## Club career

Chapman won the WFA Cup for the first time in 1973 when Southampton beat Westthorn United L.F.C. She scored her first goal in a WFA Cup final in 1975 in a 4–2 defeat of Warminster L.F.C. Southampton then played QPR in three finals in a row, winning in 1976 and 1978. Chapman scored a record six goals in the 8–2 win in 1978 at Wexham Park, Slough. In the 1979 final she scored the only goal of the game in a 1-0 victory over Lowestoft Ladies at Jubilee Park, Waterlooville. Her sixth and final WFA Cup success came in 1981 with a 4–2 win over St Helens at Knowsley Road, with Chapman scoring twice. Overall she scored a record 10 goals in WFA Cup finals and won the tournament six times.

## International career

In November 2022, Chapman was recognized by The Football Association as one of the England national team's legacy players, and as the 33rd women's player to be capped by England.

## Honours

Southampton
* Women's FA Cup: 1972–73, 1974–75, 1975–76, 1977–78, 1978-79, 1980-81
England
* UEFA Women's Championship runner-up: 1984
# 1994 Aruban general election

General elections were held in Aruba on 29 July 1994. The Aruban People's Party (AVP) emerged as the largest party, winning ten of the 21 seats in the Estates. The AVP formed a coalition government with the Aruban Liberal Organization with Henny Eman as Prime Minister.

## Results

| | Aruban People's Party | 17,963 | 45.40 | 10 | +1 |
| | People's Electoral Movement | 15,437 | 39.02 | 9 | 0 |
| | Aruban Liberal Organization | 4,415 | 11.16 | 2 | +1 |
| | Aruban Patriotic Party | 1,751 | 4.43 | 0 | –1 |
| Total | Total | 39,566 | 100.00 | 21 | 0 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 39,566 | 98.95 | | |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 420 | 1.05 | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | 39,986 | 100.00 | | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 46,848 | 85.35 | | |
| Source: Caribbean Elections ||||||
# Mönchswalder Berg

Mönchswalder Berg (Upper Sorbian: Mnišonc) is a hill belonging to the district of Bautzen in Saxony, Germany. It is a part of the Lusatian Highlands and lays approximately 3 km North of Wilthen.
Panorama
The best panoramic view can be enjoyed from the top of the viewing tower. To the North, the land is flat and one sees the city of Bautzen, Bautzen Reservoir, the Boxberg Power-plant and by clear weather the smokestacks of the power-plant at Schwarze Pumpe. To the South, the Valtenberg, the Ungerberg with its unambiguous observation tower and a few peaks from the Saxon Switzerland such as the Big and Small Zschirnstein are visible. To the West, the big Picho with its antenna tower whilst to the East, the Czorneboh, Hochstein, Bieleboh, Lausche, Tannenberg and Jeschken. Peaks from the Jizera and Giant Mountains can be observed only under placid weather conditions.
51°07′N 14°25′E﻿ / ﻿51.117°N 14.417°E﻿ / 51.117; 14.417
* This Saxony location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Barbara Reynolds

Eva Mary Barbara Reynolds (13 June 1914 – 29 April 2015) was an English scholar of Italian Studies, lexicographer and translator. She wrote and edited several books concerning Dorothy Sayers and was president of the Dorothy L. Sayers Society. She turned 100 in June 2014. Her first marriage was to the philologist and translator Lewis Thorpe.

## Early life

The daughter of Alfred Charles Reynolds, and the god-daughter of writer Dorothy L. Sayers, Reynolds was educated at St. Paul's Girls' School and University College London.

## Career

Reynolds was an Assistant Lecturer in Italian at the London School of Economics from 1937 to 1940. During the Second World War, she was an Assistant Lecturer (1940–1945) at the University of Cambridge, then University Lecturer in Italian Literature and Language from 1945 to 1962. She was Warden of Willoughby Hall, University of Nottingham, from 1963 to 1969 and Reader in Italian Studies at Nottingham from 1966 to 1978. Alongside her teaching work, she was Chief Executive and General Editor of the Cambridge Italian Dictionary from 1948 to 1981 and Managing Editor of Seven, an Anglo-American literary review, from 1980 to 2004.
Reynolds held the title of Honorary Reader in Italian at the University of Warwick from 1975 to 1980 and was visiting professor at the University of California, Berkeley, 1974–75, Wheaton College, Illinois, 1977–78, and 1982, Trinity College Dublin, 1980 and 1981, and Hope College, Michigan, 1982. She was chairman of the Dorothy L Sayers Society from 1986 to 1994 and President from 1995. Its officers in recent years have regularly programmed events for 13 June, the common birthday of Sayers and Reynolds. She died on 29 April 2015.

## Awards and honours

The Italian government awarded Reynolds its silver medal for Services to Italian culture in 1964 and made her Cavaliere Ufficiale al Merito della Repubblica Italiana in 1978. She won the Edmund G. Gardner Memorial Prize for Italian Studies in 1964 and the Monselice International Literary Prize in 1976 for her translation of Orlando Furioso.

## Major publications

Her major work is the Cambridge Italian Dictionary, of which she was the General Editor. The first volume appeared in 1962 and the second in 1981. Beyond the Dictionary, her first book was a study of Alessandro Manzoni. She completed and annotated Paradiso, the last volume of Dorothy L. Sayers' three-volume translation of Dante's Divine Comedy, which was left unfinished at Dorothy Sayers' death. Reynolds afterwards translated Dante's La Vita Nuova and Ariosto's Orlando Furioso for the Penguin Classics. She wrote a study of Dante's life and work, Dante: The Poet, the Political Thinker, the Man. In 1993 Reynolds published a biography of Sayers, who was her god-mother, called Dorothy L. Sayers: Her Life and Soul (1993). She also edited four volumes of Sayers's letters and an additional volume.
# Fukushima Airport

Fukushima Airport (福島空港, Fukushima Kūkō) (IATA: FKS, ICAO: RJSF) is an airport in Sukagawa, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. The airport is located 19.4 km (12.1 mi) southeast of Kōriyama Station.

## History

Fukushima Airport was conceived in the late 1970s, and planning at the prefectural level began in 1981. Construction occurred between 1988 and 1991, and the airport opened on March 20, 1993. The international terminal was opened in 1999.
The airport remained operational during and following the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster in March 2011, and temporarily saw increased domestic service during the closure of the Tōhoku Shinkansen high-speed rail line to Tokyo. The disasters caused minor damage to the airport itself but led to the suspension of scheduled international service by Asiana Airlines (to Seoul) and China Eastern Airlines (to Shanghai).
In November 2011, the airport terminal operator filed a claim against Tokyo Electric Power for 48 million yen in lost profits from the lost international service. As of June 2013 Asiana is considering resumption of scheduled service to Seoul due to the resurgent popularity of charter services with both Japanese and Korean tourists, but the Shanghai service appears much less likely to resume in the foreseeable future.

## Airlines and destinations

| Airlines | Destinations |
| ANA Wings | Osaka–Itami, Sapporo–Chitose |
| Ibex Airlines | Osaka–Itami |
| Tigerair Taiwan | Taipei–Taoyuan |

## Land traffic

* Limousine bus

### Route and highway buses

| No | Via | Destination | Company | Notes |
| Airport bus | Kōriyama-Chuō-Kōgyō-Danchi | Kōriyama Station | Fukushima kōtsū | There is a connecting discount to Aizu-Wakamatsu Station via Kōriyama Station (Aizu bus). |
| Airport bus | Nonstop | Iwaki Station | Shin-Joban-Kōtsū | Suspension of the service |

### Reservation system buses

| Destination | Company |
| Aizu-Wakamatsu Station・Inawashiro Station・Iimori Hill・Higashiyama Onsen | Aizu taxi |

### Train

| Station | Line | time |
| Izumigo Station | Suigun Line | 60 minutes on foot |

## In popular culture

The last episode of the TV drama Crying Out Love, In the Center of the World was filmed at Fukushima Airport in 2004.
# Gifu Air Field

Gifu Air Field (岐阜飛行場, Gifu Hikōjō) (ICAO: RJNG) is a military air base of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force Gifu Airbase (岐阜基地, Gifu Kichi). It is located in Kakamigahara City, 7.0 NM (13.0 km; 8.1 mi) east of Gifu in the Gifu Prefecture, Japan. It is home to the Kakamigahara Air and Space Museum.

## Units

* Air Defense Command
** Central Air Defense Force
*** 4th Air Defence Missile Group
**** 13th Fire Unit
**** 15th Fire Unit
* Air Development and Test Command
** Air Development and Test Wing
* Air Material Command
** 2nd Air Depot

## Operated aircraft

** Mitsubishi F-2
** Mitsubishi XF-2
** McDonnell Douglas (Mitsubishi) F-15J/DJ Eagle
** Kawasaki C-1
** Kawasaki XC-2
** Kawasaki T-4
** Fuji T-7