OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 227th Mixed Brigade (Spain)

The 227th Mixed Brigade (Spanish: 227.ª Brigada Mixta), was a mixed brigade of the Spanish Republican Army in the Spanish Civil War. It was formed in the spring of 1938 in Catalonia and had four battalions, the 905, 906, 907 and 908.

## History

The 227th Mixed Brigade was established on 22 April 1938 and placed under the 42nd Division of the XV Army Corps, at the time part of the Agrupación Autónoma del Ebro (A.A.E.). The command of the unit was assigned to Militia Lieutenant Tomás Guerrero Ortega. The Chief of Staff leader was Tomás Sánchez Lorda and the political commissar was Lorenzo Arcones Grande.

### Battle of the Ebro

On 25 July 1938 the 227th Mixed Brigade was camped in Almatret and the following day it crossed the Ebro River as part of one of the operations that marked the beginning of the Battle of the Ebro. Its main efforts were directed at recapturing Fayón from the rebel faction, but it was not able to achieve is aim. After lingering for two weeks in the bridgehead area it reached the Auts on 5 August, having to cross back the Ebro on 7 August.
Since it had suffered grievous losses, the 227th Mixed Brigade was moved to La Pobla de Massaluca in order to be reorganized and on 14 September it crossed the Ebro again in order to relieve the forces of the 3rd Division in the Vilalba-Corbera-Vértice Gaeta triangle. On 22 September it replaced units of the 45th Division in the Coll del Coso sector, where it remained until it was replaced by the 44th Division on 6 October.
Owing to the steady and relentless advances of the rebels the brigade returned to first-line combat, defending Miravet on 4 November while initiating the withdrawal along the right bank of the Ebro. It arrived to Benissanet on 5 November and camped at Mount Picossa by Móra d'Ebre on 7 November. Finally it reached Ascó on 12 November where, after a great number of casualties, it had to abandon the bridgehead.

### Catalonia Offensive and extinction of the brigade

At the beginning of the Catalonia Offensive the 227th Mixed Brigade was in La Granadella, under the command of Major Bermejo and commissar Modesto Castrillo, for Major Guerrero was missing in action. On 5 January the brigade was in full withdrawal, marching northeastwards to Vinaixa, where it tried unsuccessfully to defend its road junctions. While the rebels advanced in full force, attacking the retreating Republican troops, the 227th Mixed Brigade continued withdrawing across the Serra de Prades, L'Espluga de Francolí, Alcover and La Selva.
After reaching the Gaià River line, the brigade continued fleeing before the enemy advance. It reached the Tibidabo mountain shortly before the Fall of Barcelona on 25 January. By then the 227th Mixed Brigade had been reduced to a handful of ill-equipped, hungry and demoralized volunteers. Nevertheless, they continued to fight while slowly withdrawing northwards, until they reached the border town of Portbou and crossed the mountains into France on 9 February.
# Fálkar (soundtrack)

Fálkar is the soundtrack to Falcons (Fálkar is the Icelandic word for Falcons), which was directed by Friðrik Þór Friðriksson in 2002. With 12 tracks, this album contains a variety of Icelandic artists, from Hilmar Örn Hilmarsson, who was in charge of the music composition of the soundtrack, to Mínus, Múm, and Daníel Ágúst Haraldsson (member of GusGus), among others.
Megas appears in this album with the song "Edge and Over", his first English song which counted with the accompaniment of his long-time collaborator, Guðlaugur Kristinn Óttarsson in guitars. The film protagonist, Keith Carradine is featured here with two tracks of "Northern Light", one of them instrumental.

## Credits

* Music composed, arranged and produced by: Hilmar Örn Hilmarsson
* Guitar: Guðlaugur Kristinn Óttarsson, Jón Þór Birgisson, Kristján Edelstein, and Orri Hardarson
* Bass: Georg Bjarnason, and Tómas Magnús Tómasson
* Percussion: Birgir Baldursson
* Cello: Stefán Örn Arnarson
* Sound Engineers: Georg Bjarnason, and Tómas Magnús Tómasson
Music recorded at the People’s Studio, Reykjavík
# Postulant

A postulant (from Latin: postulare, "to ask") was originally one who makes a request or demand; hence, a candidate. The use of the term is now generally restricted to those asking for admission into a Christian monastery or a religious order for the period of time preceding their admission into the novitiate.
The term is most commonly used in the Catholic Church, Lutheran Churches, and the Anglican Communion (which includes the Episcopal Church) to designate those who are seeking ordination to the diaconate or priesthood. In this respect, postulancy is generally considered the first formal step leading to candidacy (for ordination) and ordination. The Eastern Orthodox Church uses this term less frequently.

## Purpose, duration and formation

The length of time that a prospective candidate remains a postulant may vary depending on the institution, or the postulant's individual situation. Among active religious institutions, it typically lasted 4–6 months. At present, many monasteries have a candidate spend 1–2 years in this stage. In the Catholic church the implementing instruction Cor orans determines that a postulancy in a contemplative community has a minimum duration of twelve months but it must not exceed two years. During this time, the postulant generally participates as fully as possible in the life of the community, joining the novices and professed members and living with the community. Usually, the postulant joins the formal education that is given to the novices. Some communities prefer the postulants to wear a specific garb (as this was rather common until the release of Perfectae Caritatis, the decree on the adaptation and renewal of religious life, in 1965) in other communities they wear own plain clothes until the formal investiture ceremony.
Since postulants, as novices, are not members of the institution at this stage, it is easier for a man or woman not fully certain about religious life to re-examine his or her intentions and commitment before making any vows. Likewise, should the person be determined to be unsuited to the life, he or she can be dismissed by an institution without the need for a formal procedure.
The term is also sometimes used to describe the ecclesiastical status of a person who has discerned a call to the priesthood or to the diaconate and has received parish and diocesan endorsement. The candidate retains postulant status throughout seminary, until ordination to the transitional diaconate takes place. The postulant who will not pursue ordination into the priesthood is ordained into the vocational diaconate.

## College fraternities

In college fraternities, the term postulant is also used to describe those who have yet to be initiated into the fraternity, while they are going through the process of becoming a brother or a sister.
# Spirochaetaceae

The Spirochaetaceae are a family of spirochete bacteria. Some species within this family are known to causes syphilis, Lyme disease, relapsing fever, and other illnesses.

## Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).
| 16S rRNA based LTP_10_2024 | 120 marker proteins based GTDB 09-RS220 |
| Spirochaeta thermophila Aksenova et al. 1992 Salinispiraceae Spirochaeta lutea Shivani et al. 2015 Salinispira Spirochaetaceae Spirochaeta Ehrenberg 1835 Alkalispirochaetaceae Spirochaeta halophila Greenberg & Canale-Parola 1977 Alkalispirochaeta Spirochaeta aurantia Vinzent 1926 ex Canale-Parola 1980 "Thiospirochaetaceae" Spirochaeta cellobiosiphila Breznak & Warnecke 2008 Oceanispirochaeta Thiospirochaeta Spirochaeta Spirochaeta isovalerica Harwood & Canale-Parola 1983 Spirochaeta psychrophila Miyazaki et al. 2014 species‑group 2 "Entomospiraceae" Borreliaceae | "Borreliales" Borreliaceae "Entomospirales" "Entomospiraceae" DSM‑17781 DSM‑17781 Spirochaeta cellobiosiphila Spirochaetales_E DSM‑2461 Spirochaeta isovalerica "Thiospirochaetaceae" Thiospirochaeta Spirochaetaceae_B Oceanispirochaeta Spirochaetales_A Spirochaetaceae_A Spirochaeta thermophila "Salinispirales" Salinispiraceae Spirochaeta lutea Salinispira DSM‑8902 Spirochaeta africana Alkalispirochaetaceae Alkalispirochaeta "Marispirochaetales" "Sediminispirochaetales" Sphaerochaetales Treponematales |
# 2001 NCAA Division II men's soccer tournament

The 2001 NCAA Division II Men's Soccer Championship was the 30th annual tournament held by the NCAA to determine the top men's Division II college soccer program in the United States.
Tampa (19-0-2) defeated defending champions Cal State Dominguez Hills in the tournament final, 2–1.
This was the third national title for the Spartans, who were coached by Keith Fulk.

## Bracket

| First Round *Campus sites | First Round *Campus sites | First Round *Campus sites | Quarterfinals *Campus sites | Quarterfinals *Campus sites | Quarterfinals *Campus sites | Semifinals *Campus sites | Semifinals *Campus sites | Semifinals *Campus sites | Final December 2 Tampa, FL | Final December 2 Tampa, FL | Final December 2 Tampa, FL |
| * | West Texas A&M | 4 | | | | | | | | | |
| | Fort Lewis | 0 | | | | | | | | | |
| | Fort Lewis | 0 | * | West Texas A&M | 0 | | | | | | |
| | | | | CSU Dominguez Hills | 2 | | | | | | |
| * | CSU Dominguez Hills | 1 | | CSU Dominguez Hills | 2 | | | | | | |
| | CSU Bakersfield | 0 | | | | | | | | | |
| | CSU Bakersfield | 0 | | | | * | CSU Dominguez Hills | 1(OT) | | | |
| | | | | | | | Dowling | 0 | | | |
| * | Southern Conn. | 1 | | | | | | | Dowling | 0 | | | | |
| | Saint Anselm | 0 | | | | | | | | | |
| | Saint Anselm | 0 | * | Southern Conn. | 1 | | | | | | |
| | | | | Dowling | 2(3OT) | | | | | | |
| * | Dowling | 2 | | Dowling | 2(3OT) | | | | | | |
| | East Stroudsburg | 0 | | | | | | | | | |
| | East Stroudsburg | 0 | | | | | | | | CSU Dominguez Hills | 1 |
| | | | | | | | | | * | Tampa | 2 |
| * | Tampa | 2 | | | | | | | | | | * | Tampa | 2 |
| | Lynn | 1 | | | | | | | | | |
| | Lynn | 1 | * | Tampa | 2 | | | | | | |
| | | | | Lander | 1 | | | | | | |
| * | Clayton State | 1 | | Lander | 1 | | | | | | |
| | Lander | 2(OT) | | | | | | | | | |
| | Lander | 2(OT) | | | | * | Tampa | 2(OT) | | | |
| | | | | | | | SIU Edwardsville | 1 | | | |
| * | Lewis (IL) | 0 | | | | | | | SIU Edwardsville | 1 | | | | |
| | SIU Edwardsville | 2 | | | | | | | | | |
| | SIU Edwardsville | 2 | * | SIU Edwardsville | 1 | | | | | | |
| | | | | Ashland | 0 | | | | | | |
| * | Mercyhurst | 1 | | Ashland | 0 | | | | | | |
| | Ashland | 2 | | | | | | | | | |
# Marc Benoît-Lizon

Marc Prosper Jacques Arthur Benoît-Lizon (1 November 1921 – 17 September 1950) was a French skier. He competed in the military patrol at the 1948 Summer Olympics. He was killed during the First Indochina War.

## Personal life

Benoît-Lizon served as a master sergeant (sergent-chef) in the 3rd$^E$ REI, French Foreign Legion during the First Indochina War. He commanded a partisan unit during the Battle of Đông Khê, and was severely wounded during the battle. He was bayoneted and killed by Viet Minh troops soon after.
# Archaeodromus

Archaeodromus anglicus is a species of prehistoric bird in the family Archaeotrogonidae, found in the Early Ypresian of the London Clay formation. It is the only species in the monotypic genus Archaeodromus. Both species and genus were described in 2021 by Gerald Mayr.
# William Carlos Williams Award

The William Carlos Williams Award is given out by the Poetry Society of America for a poetry book published by a small press, non-profit, or university press.
The award is endowed by the family and friends of Geraldine Clinton Little, a poet and author of short stories and former vice-president of the society. The award is a "purchase prize" of $500 to $1000.

## Winners

* 2023 Kathy Fagan, Bad Hobby, Judge: Craig Morgan
* 2022 Patrick Rosal, The Last Thing: New & Selected Poems, Judge: Erika Meitner
* 2021 Khadijah Queen, Anodyne, Judge: Dara Barrois/Dixon
* 2020 Martha Collins, Because What Else Could I Do, Judge: Alice Fulton
* 2019 G. C. Waldrep, feast gently, Judge: Laura Kasischke
* 2018 Jennifer Chang, Some Say the Lark, Judge: Paisley Rekdal
* 2017 Monica Youn, Blackacre, Judge: Robin Coste Lewis
* 2016 Brandon Shimoda, Evening Oracle, Judge: Katie Peterson
* 2015 Jennifer Moxley, The Open Secret, Judge: Ange Mlinko
* 2014 Ron Padgett, Collected Poems, Judge: Thomas Lux
* 2013 Naomi Replansky, Collected Poems, Judge: B. H. Fairchild
* 2012 Bruce Smith, Devotions, Judge: Elizabeth Macklin
* 2011 Mary Ruefle, Selected Poems, Judge: Rodney Jones
* 2010 Eleanor Ross Taylor, Captive Voices, Judge: Lynn Emanuel
* 2009 Linda Gregg, All of It Singing: New and Selected Poems, Judge: James Longenbach
* 2008 Aram Saroyan, Complete Minimal Poems, Judge: Ron Silliman
* 2007 Matthew Zapruder, The Pajamaist, Judge: Tony Hoagland
* 2006 Brenda Hillman, Pieces of Air in the Epic, Judge: Marjorie Welish
* 2004 Anthony Butts, Little Low Heaven, Judge: Lucie Brock-Broido
* 2003 Gary Young, No Other Life, Judge: Angela Jackson
* 2002 Li-Young Lee, Book of My Nights (American Poets Continuum), Judge: Carolyn Kizer
* 2001 Ralph J. Mills, Grasses Standing: Selected Poems, Judge: Fanny Howe
* 2000 Kathleen Peirce, The Oval Hour Judge: Jean Valentine
* 1999 B.H. Fairchild, The Art of the Lathe, Judge: Garrett Hongo
* 1998 John Balaban, Locusts at the Edge of Summer: New and Selected Poems, Judge: Robert Phillips
* 1995 Cyrus Cassells, Soul Make a Path Through Shouting
* 1994 David Ray, Wool Highways
* 1992 Louise Glück, The Wild Iris
* 1990 Safiya Henderson-Holmes, Madness and a Bit of Hope
* 1989 Diane Wakoski, Emerald Ice: Selected Poems 1962-1987
* 1987 Alan Shapiro, Happy Hour
* 1980 Robert Hass, Praise
* 1979 David Ray, The Tramp's Cup
* 1978 David Lincoln Fisher, Teachings, Judges: Josephine Miles, Louis Simpson, and Reed Whittemore
# Huang Jen-cheng

Huang Jen-cheng (Chinese: 黄仁成; pinyin: Huáng Rénchéng; born 1960 in Taiwan) is a Taiwanese retired football manager.

## Career

Huang is the most successful coach in Taiwan, having led Taiwan Power Company to eleven league titles, including nine consecutive ones.
# 310 Motoring

310 Motoring was an automotive customization garage based in Los Angeles, California, founded by Marc Laidler in 1999. The name is based on area code 310, for its original location in L.A. The company grew and now has shops across the United States, including 45 in California. Since its beginnings the company has reached wide recognition as the premier customization shop in the United States with many Sports and Entertainment figures as clients of the company. Recently the company has ventured into the footwear industry, premiering their debut shoe, Hurricanes, which is sponsored by rapper The Game.
Laidler helped to create the trend of customized cars as a fashion statement for the rich and famous. Headquartered in Los Angeles, California, 310 Global Brands, Inc. is the marketing, merchandising and licensing arm of 310 Motoring. The company also sells shoes under the 310 Motoring Footwear brand. 310 Motoring sponsored the "Game's Big Game", a 2007 NCAA tournament pool, hosted on Facebook, where individuals competed to win a trip for two to the 2007 NCAA championship game.
In 2002, 310 Racing was founded, and participated in the Indy Racing League IndyCar Series and 2002 Indianapolis 500 with driver George Mack. It was the first minority-owned IndyCar team. The team raced for one season with Mack finishing 16th in points with a best race finish of 13th.
The company ceased operation sometime prior to 2008.
# Falwel

Falwel is a village and rural commune in Niger. As of 2012, it had a population of 57,564.
# Mottled beauty

The mottled beauty (Alcis repandata) is a moth of the family Geometridae. The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1758 10th edition of Systema Naturae.

## Subspecies and forms

Subspecies and forms include:
* Alcis repandata muraria
* Alcis repandata repandata
* Alcis repandata sodorensium
* Alcis repandata f. conversaria
* Alcis repandata f. nigricata

## Distribution

Alcis repandata is a common species of Europe and the Near East, extending throughout Europe to the Urals, in the south over the Mediterranean, Asia Minor, the Caucasus to Kazakhstan and in the north to the Arctic Circle.

## Habitat

The species inhabits deciduous, mixed and coniferous forests, bushy heaths, meadows, marshes and settlement areas. In the Alps occurs up to 1800 meters.

## Description

Alcis repandata has a wingspan reaching 30–45 mm. This is an extremely variable species, typically being buff or grey with black bars along the costa, but often with a broad blackish band across the forewings. Meyrick describes it - The head is grey mixed with whitish and fuscous. The forewings are light ochreous-brown, sprinkled with black and sometimes with whitish. The first line is curved, the median line is twice sinuate and dark fuscous, sometimes partly confluent. The second line is dark fuscous, roundly projecting above and below the middle. The subterminal is waved and pale or whitish, partially dark-margined. There is a blackish discal spot before the median. The hindwings are as the forewings, but the lines are less marked and regular. There is a discal dot beyond median. Melanic forms are also common, especially in industrial areas. In all but the darkest variations the most characteristic feature is a pale zigzag line across the hindwing. The larva is pale greenish-ochreous, brown-marked, sometimes suffused with dark grey, dusted with yellow. The dorsal line is brown or dark grey, distinct on segments 2–4, often obsolete elsewhere. Segments 5-12 sometimes have pale dorsal diamonds. See also Prout (1912–16)
This species is rather similar to Willow Beauty (Peribatodes rhomboidaria) and its congeners. See Townsend et al.

## Biology

This moth flies at night in June and July in the British Isles. It is attracted to light.
The larva feeds on the leaves and soft bark of a wide range of trees and other plants (see list below).
The species overwinters as a small larva.

### Recorded food plants

Host plants include:
* Alnus – alder
* Betula – birch
* Calluna – heather
* Crataegus – hawthorn
* Cytisus – broom
* Filipendula – meadowsweet
* Ligustrum – privet
* Lonicera – honeysuckle
* Quercus – oak
* Rhododendron
* Ribes – currant
* Rubus – bramble
* Rumex – dock
* Salix – willow
* Sorbus – rowan
* Tilia – lime
* Vaccinium

## Subspecies

* Alcis jubata jubata

## Gallery

* Caterpillar
* Chrysalis
* Imago
* Mounted specimen
* Male Alcis repandata f. conversaria
# Cabdullekudaad

Cabdulle Kudaad is a town located in the central Hiran region of Somalia.
# Nikostratos Kalomenopoulos

Nikostratos Kalomenopoulos (Greek: Νικόστρατος Καλομενόπουλος) was a Greek revolutionary and Army officer who reached the rank of major general. He is also known by his nom de guerre Kapetan Nidas.

## Biography

He was born at Syros in about 1865. After studies in the NCO School, he was commissioned an infantry second lieutenant in 1891. In 1892, he went in disguise to Crete, then still under Ottoman rule, and secretly mapped the island, but was discovered, arrested, and expelled. In 1896, he joined the Cretan uprising against the Ottomans and was elected as head of the Amari Province. In 1897, he joined the Greek expeditionary force to the island under Colonel Timoleon Vassos.
In 1905, following the death of Pavlos Melas, he rushed to join the Macedonian Struggle. In Macedonia, he adopted the nom de guerre Kapetan Nidas and became a chieftain of an armed band that operated around Florina. On 15 April 1905, he and his band were surrounded by a force of 200 Ottoman troops. Following the battle that ensued, several Makedonomachoi were killed or wounded while Kalomenopoulos was captured by the Ottoman authorities and condemned to five years imprisonment at Monastir, but managed to escape three years later. He fought in the Balkan Wars of 1912–1913, being wounded during the Battle of Sarantaporo in 1912.
In 1914–1916 he commanded the Lesbos infantry regiment, and the 3rd Serres Regiment in the Serres Division in 1917. In 1918–19 he commanded the 8th Infantry Division, and in 1919, he served as garrison commander of Smyrna during its occupation by the Hellenic Army. In 1920, he was military governor of Athens, and retired in August 1921.
Apart from his military career, Kalomenopoulos was also the author of a number of topographic, military, and historical studies, including on the military history of the Byzantine Empire. He is considered one of the best military writers in Greece.
He died in Athens in 1952.
# 2005 President's Cup (Maldives)

The 2005 President's Cup was the 55th season of the President's Cup, a knock-out competition for Maldives' top 4 football clubs.

## Broadcasting rights

The broadcasting rights for all the matches of 2005 Maldives President's Cup were given to the Television Maldives.

## Qualifier

Top 4 teams at the end of 2005 Dhivehi League will be qualified for the President's Cup.
# Nemenhah

The Nemenhah Band is a religious group founded and headed by convicted fraudster Phillip "Cloudpiler" Landis. It was founded circa 2000 and claims about 4,000 members. It practices alternative medicine, specifically natural medicine.
The group says that it is composed of Native American healers and those "spiritually adopted" into the band. Those who seek spiritual adoption must agree that natural healing is a significant part of their spirituality and that they seek to do no harm. The Nemenhah band also provides a curriculum to become a "medicine man" or "medicine woman". Some Native Americans have criticized the group's practices.

## Controversy

The group received widespread attention in 2009 when a judge ordered chemotherapy for a 13-year-old boy with Hodgkin's lymphoma whose family were members of the group; his mother fled with her son to avoid the court order, but later returned. Her son successfully completed chemotherapy and radiation.
# Opsieobuthus

Opsieobuthus is an extinct genus of centromachid scorpion. The type species O. pottsvillensis was named from the late Carboniferous of Clay City, Indiana. A second species ?O. tungeri was tentatively assigned to the genus from the Early Permian Chemnitz petrified forest in Germany.
# 3+2 (band)

3+2 or Three Plus Two (Belarusian: Тры плюс два; Russian: Три плюс два) were a Belarusian pop group that represented Belarus in the Eurovision Song Contest 2010 in Oslo, Norway.

## Formation

The band was formed by the Belarusian television channel ONT and the project "New Voices of Belarus" in 2009. All the group members are the finalists of that TV show.

## Eurovision Song Contest 2010

After the victory in the national selection for the Eurovision 2010, public interest has grown rapidly. On 25 February 2010, 3+2 were chosen internally to represent Belarus in the Eurovision Song Contest 2010 with the song "Butterflies", performing in the first semi-final to be held on 25 May 2010.
Songwriters from Belarus and neighbouring countries offered the band their compositions. The producers of 3+2 considered different variants of the song, clips and performance. The band director decided to contact well-known producer and writer Max Fadeev for some conceptual ideas. Within a week he managed to create the full original set for the band. The song Butterflies was written by Max Fadeev, Swedish composer Robert Wells and by Polish poet Malka Chaplin especially for the group. They previously chose to perform "Far Away" at the contest, but changed it to "Butterflies" later due to poor reactions on the internet. Butterflies placed 24th in the grand final with a total of 18 points.