OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jack Browne, Baron Craigton

Jack Nixon Browne, Baron Craigton CBE PC (3 September 1904 – 28 July 1993) was a Scottish Conservative politician.

## Early life

The son of Edwin Gilbert Izod, he adopted the surname Browne in 1920 as his family felt his more unusual surname a handicap.
Educated at Cheltenham College, Browne served in World War II as an Acting Group Captain in Balloon Command of the Royal Air Force. He was awarded the CBE in 1944.
Browne managed the Carntyne Greyhound Stadium, Glasgow, in the later 1920s. Whilst there he tried to "cash-in" on the new craze of 1928, dirt track racing. He built a racetrack inside the greyhound track. The venture was not successful, but as Jack Nixon-Browne he raced in both meetings he staged. He won most of his races in the second meeting as he had unlimited time to practice.

## Political career

He unsuccessfully contested the working-class constituency of Glasgow Govan in 1945, but was elected as Member of Parliament for the seat in 1950, holding it until 1955. He was then elected as Member for Glasgow Craigton in 1955, holding that seat until September 1959 at which point he was elevated to the House of Lords.
He was parliamentary private secretary to the Secretary of State for Scotland from 1952 until April 1955, when he was appointed a Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Scotland. In November 1959 he was created a life peer, as Baron Craigton, of Renfield in the County of the City of Glasgow.
In October 1959, he was promoted to Minister of State for Scotland, holding that office until October 1964. He was appointed a Privy Counsellor in 1961. He later held a number of important business positions, including chairman of United Biscuits Holdings, and was associated with environmental groups including the World Wildlife Fund.

## Arms

Coat of arms of Jack Browne, Baron Craigton :
* CrestA demi-knight in tilting armour Argent garnished Vert and helmet grilled Or with wreath of these liveries Argent and Vert and thereon for crest a plume of five feathers Gules Argent Gules Argent Gules holding in his dexter hand a crossbow bolt Or feathered Argent and in his sinister hand a garb Or banded Vert across his sinister shoulder.
* EscutcheonPer pale Argent and Or on a pale Sable between dexter three leopards' faces Vert and Sinister as many leopards' faces Gules a lion rampant of the first armed and langued of the fifth.
* SupportersTwo knights in tilting armour Argent garnished Vert their helmets grilled Or and on a wreath of the liveries Argent and that on the sinister sustaining with his sinister hand a garb Or banded Vert resting upon his sinister shoulder.
* MottoTry Again
# Alepisaurus paronai

Alepisaurus paronai is an extinct species of lancetfish known from a fossil skull found in Middle Miocene-aged strata in Piedmont, Italy. The skull is very similar in anatomy and dimensions to that of the extant long-snouted lancetfish. The specific name honors one Professor Carlo Fabrizio Parona, a friend and personal mentor of its describer, Geremia d'Erasmo.
# Nicholas Felton (bishop)

Nicholas Felton (1556–1626) was an English academic, the Bishop of Bristol from 1617 to 1619, and then Bishop of Ely.

## Life

He was born in Great Yarmouth and educated at Pembroke Hall, Cambridge. He was rector of St Mary-le-Bow church in London, from 1597 to 1617; and also rector at St Antholin, Budge Row. St Antholin's was on Watling Street, and it has been suggested that the 1606 play The Puritan, or the Widow of Watling Street alludes to Felton through the name Nicholas St Antlings of one of the Widow's serving men.
He was Master at Pembroke, where he became a Fellow in 1583, from 1616 to 1619. In university politics, he conspicuously supported Thomas Howard, Earl of Berkshire, against George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham, in an election for the position of Chancellor of the University of Cambridge, in 1626. King Charles I of England supported Buckingham, and this contest became a test of strength of the religious groups, Puritan and Anglican. He employed as chaplain Edmund Calamy, who had studied at Pembroke, already dissenting from orthodox Anglican belief.
His death was the occasion of an early Latin poem by John Milton.
# Funsho Williams

Anthony Olufunsho Williams (9 May 1948 – 27 July 2006) was an influential Nigerian politician from Lagos State and former Commissioner under Colonel Olagunsoye Oyinlola's Military Administration in Lagos.

## Early life

Funsho Williams attended the St. Paul's Catholic school at Ebute Metta and later St Gregory's College, Lagos. In 1968, he studied at the University of Lagos, attaining a degree in civil engineering. He then went on to attend the New Jersey Institute of Technology for his Master's degree.

## Civil service career

In 1974, Williams returned to Nigeria and joined the Lagos State civil service. He spent the next 17 years working on construction projects in Lagos State. Approximately 70% of the roads and bridges were built under his stewardship. Williams was a Permanent Secretary by the time he left the civil service in 1991.
He went into business, but he shortly returned to public service, as a Lagos state Commissioner under Colonel Olagunsoye Oyinlola's Military Administratorship.

## Political career

In the mid-1990s, Williams decided to enter into politics in order that he could formulate policy, rather than just carry it out. He first joined the United Nigeria Congress Party (UNCP), but after the suspicious death of its leader, General Sani Abacha he moved to the Alliance for Democracy (AD).
After a short time, Williams again switched parties, this time to the People's Democratic Party (PDP).They had won the 2003 elections under the leadership of President Olusegun Obasanjo.
Williams had stood twice before in the Lagos State Governorship (Gubernatorial) election. At the time of his death he was hoping to be nominated as the PDP Gubernatorial candidate for Lagos State. He had vowed to wrest control of the wealthy state from the Alliance for Democracy Party.

## Positions

Williams held directorships in several companies:
* Julius Berger Nigeria Plc
* Cappa and D'Alberto Plc
* Ajaokuta Steel Company
* Chairman of the board of directors of the National Maritime Authority

## Murder

On July 27, 2006, Funsho Williams was found bound, strangled, and stabbed at his home in Dolphin Estate, Ikoyi, an exclusive and wealthy neighborhood in Lagos.
On July 28, 2006, two people were arrested in connection with his death. One was his campaign manager, and the other was a senator and former Works Minister Kingsley Adeseye Ogunlewe. Ogunlewe was also hoping to be the PDP Gubernatorial candidate.
Williams was laid to rest at the Victoria Court Cemetery, Lagos. He was survived by his wife, Hilda, and four children.

## Memorial

On February 26, 2007, approximately seven months after the murder incident, the then Lagos State governor, Governor Bola Ahmed Tinubu in honor of the late iconic character, renamed the longest and the popular Western Avenue highway in Lagos to Funsho William Avenue. Yet, it is still known to most Lagosians as Western Avenue highway.
# Alder, Washington

Alder is a census-designated place (CDP) in Pierce County, Washington, United States. The population was 227 at the 2010 census. The community is located along the shore of Alder Lake on State Route Highway 7 near the entrance to Mount Rainier National Park.
A post office called Alder was established in 1902, and remained in operation until 1975. The community was named for the alder trees near the original town site.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 3.24 square miles (8.4 km$^2$), of which, 3.21 square miles (8.3 km$^2$) of it is land and 0.03 square miles (0.08 km$^2$) of it (0.83%) is water.
# Aidar (river)

The Aidar (Ukrainian: Айдар, Russian: Айдар) is a river in Luhansk Oblast, Ukraine and Belgorod Oblast, Russia. A left tributary of the Seversky Donets, it is 264 km (164 mi) long (with 256 km (159 mi) located within Ukraine) and has a basin area of 7,420 square kilometres (2,860 sq mi). The slopes of the valley are partitioned with ravines and gorges. In the spring, snow melt accounts for approximately 70% of the flow. The average flow module is 1.7 litres • sec / km². The river freezes in December.
The Aidar Battalion in the Ukrainian Armed Forces is named after this river.
# Anne-Catherine Loisier

Anne-Catherine Loisier (born 13 March 1969) is a French politician serving as a member of the Senate since 2014. From 2008 to 2017, she served as mayor of Saulieu.
# Moythomasia

Moythomasia (named for James Alan Moy-Thomas) is an extinct genus of early ray-finned fish from the Devonian period of Europe and Australia.
Moythomasia was a small freshwater fish, 9 centimetres (3.5 in) long. It had relatively large eyes, presumably to find prey in murky water. Its body was covered in specialized ganoid scales; the upper side of each scale sported a small pin that perfectly fit into the hollow lower side of the next scale. This allowed the fish to be both armored and flexible.

## Species

* M. devonica (Clarke, 1885) [Palaeoniscus devonicus Clarke, 1885; Rhadinichthys devonicus (Clarke, 1885)]
* M. durgaringa Gardiner & Bartram, 1977
* M. lebedevi Plax, Bakaev & Naugolnykh, 2025
* M. lineata Choo, 2015
* M. nitida Gross, 1953
* M. perforata (Gross, 1942) [Aldingeria perforata Gross, 1942]
# Selly Oak Hospital

Selly Oak Hospital was a hospital situated in the Selly Oak area of Birmingham, England. Previously managed by the University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, the hospital closed in 2011.

## History
### Origins

The site was originally selected for the construction of the new King's Norton Union Workhouse. This was a place for the care of the poor and was one of many workhouses constructed throughout the country following the introduction of the Poor Law Amendment Act 1834. The new workhouse, which was designed by Edward Holmes, was built on the site and opened in 1870.
A workhouse infirmary, which was designed by Daniel Arkell to a pavilion plan and entirely lit by electric light, was built by Thomas Rowbotham of Small Heath at a cost of £45,000 and opened in September 1897. It provided accommodation for about 300 patients.

### Expansion

A new entrance block was completed in 1902 and a large nurses' home which became known as Woodlands was completed in 1908. The workhouse became a home for the chronically sick known as Selly Oak House and the home and the infirmary combined to join the National Health Service as Selly Oak Hospital in 1948.
The Royal Centre for Defence Medicine was formed at the hospital and was officially opened by the Princess Royal in April 2001.
In March 2007, the families of certain injured servicemen alleged that the hospital was not treating Iraq War veterans properly. There were also reports of servicemen being verbally abused in the hospital by members of the public opposed to the war. Following a visit to the hospital, Jeremy Clarkson added to the criticism by writing a complaint to the NHS alleging that injured servicemen had no dedicated ward and that they were treated no differently from "a lad who got drunk and smashed his Citroën into a tree". A report published by the House of Commons Defence Select Committee blamed the allegations against the hospital on a smear campaign and praised the clinical care provided to military patients.

### Closure and site redevelopment

On 23 May 2010 a 'Service of Thanks' was held at Selly Oak Hospital to celebrate a century of caring and to share memories of the facility. After services had transferred to the new Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Selly Oak Hospital closed in October 2011.
On 24 February 2015 the Trust announced that it had exchanged contracts with Persimmon for the sale of the site with outline planning permission for 650 homes.

## Notable staff

* Geoffrey Gillam FRCP (1905–1970) was a consultant cardiologist at the hospital.

## Notable patients

Those reported to have died at the hospital include:
* Simon Evans, author
* Florence Camm, artist
# David Sherborne

David Alexander Sherborne is a British media barrister.
His previous high-profile cases have included the representation of Michael Douglas, Catherine Zeta-Jones and OK (magazine) in their suit against Hello! (magazine) for publishing unauthorised pictures of their wedding; getting Amy Winehouse, Cheryl Cole, Lily Allen, Harry Styles and Sienna Miller injunctions against certain paparazzi; and representing the ‘core participants’ in the Leveson Inquiry, including the McCanns, the Dowler family, JK Rowling and Hugh Grant". From 2023 onwards, Sherborne has represented the Duke of Sussex against the Mirror Group and several other UK newspapers.

## Career

He is the son of a KC who practised as a criminal barrister. Sherborne was educated at UCS Hampstead and at Oxford. He was called to the bar in October 1992, to specialise, like his father (b.1930) in criminal law.
By 2003 Sherborne had opted to change disciplines in favour of practising civil law. He is part of 5RB chambers, "a leading set of media and communications law barristers [who] represented Johnny Depp in his libel suit against The Sun" newspaper.
Sherborne played a significant role in the Wagatha Christie 2022 trial, where he successfully represented Coleen Rooney in a failed Libel action, brought by Rebekah Vardy. He deliberately and obscurely drew attention to the missing mobile phone communication evidence, declaring the phone to be "in Davy Jones's locker", requiring the judge to explain to Vardy the underlying meaning of the phrase.
In 2011, Sherborne appeared on behalf of the victims of phone hacking in the Leveson Inquiry. Twice married, he briefly raised eyebrows when he began dating Lord Leveson's junior counsel, Carine Patry Hoskins. Following a bar complaint from a serving MP they were both cleared of any professional mis-conduct by the Bar Standards Board. Parliamentary figures revealed Hoskins received £218,606 for nearly eighteen-months of fact checking.
In 2015, he appeared for victims in a phone hacking action against Trinity Mirror.
In 2020, he appeared on behalf of Coleen Rooney against Rebekah Vardy in the libel action that came to be known as Wagatha Christie.
In 2023, he successfully appeared in the High Court on behalf of the Duke of Sussex and others against Mirror Group Newspapers (MGN) for breaches of privacy. In December 2023, the court awarded significant damages to Prince Harry against MGN. In February 2024, Sherborne told the High Court that Harry had settled the remainder of his claim with MGN. The publisher agreed to pay Harry substantial additional damages and cover his legal costs, with an interim payment of £300,000.
In December 2023, the Times newspaper named Sherborne as their "Lawyer of the Week" and 5RB chambers website acknowledged the accolade.

## Personal life

Sherborne has been married twice and divorced both times.
In 2022 Channel 4 broadcast Vardy v Rooney: A Courtroom Drama. Actor Michael Sheen was cast in the lead role of Sherborne in the two-part legal drama.
# Eumicrotremus tartaricus

Eumicrotremus tartaricus is a species of lumpfish native to the Northwest Pacific. It is known from the Sea of Japan, the Sea of Okhotsk, Peter the Great Bay, and the Pacific coast of the Kuril Islands, where it may be found at a depth range of 20 to 30 m (66 to 98 ft). It has sometimes been considered a subspecies of the Pacific spiny lumpsucker (Eumicrotremus orbis), but it is generally agreed upon that E. tartaricus represents its own distinct species.
# 1887 North Longford by-election

The 1887 North Longford by-election was a parliamentary by-election held for the United Kingdom House of Commons constituency of North Longford on 5 February 1887. The sitting member, Justin McCarthy of the Irish Parliamentary Party had been re-elected in the general election of 1886, but having been elected also in the constituency of Londonderry City, he chose to sit for the latter on the basis that the Longford seat was safe for a Nationalist candidate. In the ensuing by-election another Irish Parliamentary Party candidate, Tim Healy, former member for North Monaghan, was elected unopposed.
# Negative selection (politics)

Negative selection is a political process that occurs especially in rigid hierarchies, most notably dictatorships, but also to lesser degrees in such settings as corporations or electoral politics.
The person(s) on the top of the hierarchy, wishing to remain in power forever, chooses their associates with the prime criterion of incompetence; they must not be competent enough to remove the leader from power. Since subordinates often mimic their leader, these associates do the same with those below them in the hierarchy, and the hierarchy becomes filled with more and more incompetent people.
If the leader sees that they are threatened nonetheless, they will purge those that threaten them from their positions. They will often first target 'first generation' elites that gained power during the original creation of the regime, since those individuals are more likely to have gained power through ability and charisma rivaling the leader's. Removing those powerful cadres breaks up the networks of loyalty that could threaten the leader. Emptied positions in the hierarchy are normally filled with people from below—those who were less competent than their previous leaders. The hierarchy becomes less and less effective. Once the leader dies, or is removed by an external force, what remains is a grossly ineffective hierarchy.
In a famous anecdote from Herodotus's Histories, a messenger from Periander asks Thrasybulus for advice on ruling. Thrasybulus, instead of responding, takes the messenger for a walk in a field of wheat, where he proceeds to cut off all of the best and tallest ears of wheat. The message, correctly interpreted by Periander, was that a wise ruler would forestall challenges to his rule by "removing" those prominent men who might be powerful enough to challenge him.
# Ibrahim Maraachli

Ibrahim Maraachli or Meraachli (Arabic: إبراهيم مرعشلي) (27 January 1937 – 15 September 2004) was a Lebanese television, radio and stage actor and comedian of turkish origin from Kahramanmaraş. He took part in a great number of plays on Lebanese television and stage for three decades. He was best known for Lebanese made TV series such as Al mouaallima wal oustaz (The teacher and the professor), "Ibrahim Afandi" and "Captain Bob".

## Career

He started his career in the 1960s with roles in Egyptian and Lebanese films. Then he worked with famous Lebanese comedian, actor and playwright Hassan Alaa Eddin popularly known as Chouchou or Shoushou when the latter established the National Theatre (known as Al Masrah al Watani المسرح الوطني) with roles in many Chouchou's plays. He worked in radio mainly in comedic sketches, and was greatly famous with his roles on Lebanese national television for a great number of popular television series and in voice over of a number of cartoons.

## Theatre

* Chouchou in Sofar (Master Chouchou in Sawfar) شوشو في صوفر
* Akh ya baladna آخ يا بلدنا
* Funduq al Sa'aada فندق السعادة
* Chouchou wal Malyoun (Chouchou and the Million) شوشو والمليون
* Adas wa Caviar (Beans and Caviar) عدس وكافيار
* Hait el Jiran (The Wall of the neighbours) حيط الجيران
* Weslet lal 99 - وصلت لل 99
* Stop Madrasat Bob (Stop Bob's School) ستوب مدرسة بوب
* El Cowboy Marra min Huna (The Cowboy Passed from Here) الكاوبوي مر من هنا

## Filmography
### Cinema

* Antar Yaghzou al Sahraa' عنتر يغزو الصحراء
* Badawiyyah fi Paris بدوية في باريس
* Ajmal Ayyam Hayati أجمل أيام حياتي
* Al Ukhwa al Gurabaa' الأخوه الغرباء
* Paris wal Hobb باريس والحب
* Maw'ed maa'l Hayat موعد مع الحياة

### Television

* Captain Bob كابتن بوب
* Ibrahim Efendi إبراهيم أفندي
* Al mouaallima wal oustaz (The teacher and the professor) المعلمة والأستاذ
* Burj el Hubb برج الحب
* Secreterat al Baba سكرتيرة البابا
* Al Layl al Tawil الليل الطويل
* Ayaam al Dirasa أيام الدراسة
* Ya Mudeer يا مدير
* Masrah al Fukahah مسرح القكاهة
* Al Aghani wal Ma'aani الأغاني والمعاني
* ... and others

### Voice overs

* Kimba the White Lion - Al Layth al Abiad الليث الأبيض
* Astroganger - Ghuzat min al Fadaa' غزاة من الفضاء
* Treasure Island - Jazirat al Kanz - جزيرة الكنز
* Arabian Nights: Sinbad's Adventures - Mughaamaraat Sindibaad - مغامرات سندباد
* ..and others
# Aer Arann Islands

Aer Arann Islands (stylised as aer arann islands) is an Irish airline headquartered in Inverin, County Galway. They operate a fleet of three Britten-Norman BN-2 Islander aircraft, connecting the Aran Islands with mainland County Galway.

## History

Aer Arann Islands was established as Aer Arann in 1970 by James Coen, Ralph Langan, and Colie Hernon to provide an island-hopping air service between Galway and the Aran Islands off the west coast of Ireland. Operations, using a single Britten-Norman Islander, began in August 1970.
Aer Arann made a number of short-lived expansions, including summer service along the south and west coasts with a Short Sandringham flying boat from Killaloe in the late 1970s, and commuter service between Shannon and Dublin, and to the UK with Avair, in the 1980s.
In 1994, Aer Arann was acquired by Pádraig Ó Céidigh and Eugene O'Kelly, who expanded it into a regional airline. When the regional carrier was acquired by Stobart Group in the 2010s and became Stobart Air, the Aran Islands service was spun off to an independent Aer Arann Islands, remaining owned by Ó Céidigh until 2020.
After Aer Arann Islands failed to win a tender for a four-year contract, the island flight service was threatened with closure on September 30, 2015. This was to be replaced by a helicopter service from Galway Airport. Protests about the airport change and job losses led to this decision being reversed, so Aer Arann Islands continued to fly to the islands.
This service is now based at Connemara Airport and operates between ten and thirty flights to the three Aran islands with an average flight time of eight minutes. As of 2021, Aer Arann Islands prefers the Britten-Norman islander aircraft to provide this service.
As of January 2020 the airline is under new ownership with plans to develop and maintain the levels of service to both island communities and visitors. In 2022, the airline signed a four-year contract to provide year-round public service obligation (PSO) services from Connemara Airport to all three Aran islands.

## Current fleet

As of March 2022, Aer Arann Islands operate a fleet of 3 Britten Norman BN-2 aircraft. These are registered EI-AYN, EI-BCE and EI-CUW

## Destinations

Aer Arann Islands destinations
* Aran Islands
** Inis Meáin – Inishmaan Aerodrome
** Inis Mór – Inishmore Aerodrome
** Inis Oírr – Inisheer Aerodrome
* Ireland (mainland)
** Inverin – Connemara Airport Base