OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# ESO 0313-192

ESO 0313-192 (also known as PGC 97372 and LO95 0313-192) is an edge-on spiral galaxy, or a double-lobed radio galaxy located around 1 billion light-years away in the constellation Eridanus. Its radio jets were discovered in 2003 by NASA, and its radio lobes are an estimated 1.5 million light years in diameter. It is part of the cluster Abell 428, and it has an active galactic nuclei.

## Characteristics

ESO 0313-192 has a spiral shape similar to that of the Milky Way. It has a large central bulge, and arms speckled with brightly glowing gas inhabited by thick lanes of dark dust. Its companion, sitting pretty in the right of the frame, is known rather unpoetically as [LOY2001] J031549.8-190623.
Jets, outbursts of superheated gas moving at close to the speed of light, have long been associated with the cores of giant elliptical galaxies, and galaxies in the process of merging. However, in an unexpected discovery, astronomers found ESO 0313-192 to have intense radio jets spewing out from its central supermassive black hole. The galaxy appears to have two more regions that are also strongly emitting in the radio part of the spectrum, making it even rarer still.
The discovery of these giant jets in 2003, not visible in this image, but indicated in this earlier Hubble composite, has been followed by the unearthing of a further three spiral galaxies containing radio-emitting jets in recent years. This growing class of unusual spirals continues to raise significant questions about how jets are produced within galaxies, and how they are thrown out into the cosmos.

## Nucleus

The core of ESO 0313-192 is rather bright as seen in the Hubble Composite. The central supermassive black hole of 0313-192 is known to be highly active, indicating the unusually luminous bulge in the center of the galaxy. A disklike emission-line structure is seen around the nucleus, inclined by ~20° to the stellar disk but nearly perpendicular to the jets. This may represent the aftermath of a galaxy encounter in which gas is photoionized by a direct view of the nuclear continuum. The SMBH has a mass of ~8×10$^8$ M$_☉$.

## Properties

Nearly all classic double-lobed radio galaxies have either an elliptical galaxy or some galactic merger at their center. However, there is one remarkable exception to this rule. In 2003, astronomers confirmed that ESO 0313-192, flanked by large, bright clouds of radio emissions, is in fact an edge-on spiral galaxy.

### Twisted Disc

If you look closely enough, ESO 0313-192's dark plane of dust is distinctly twisted. This may be due to a collision or a near pass-by with a smaller galaxy, which may have sparked the galaxy's nucleus to life.

## Gallery

* Radio Map image of Hubble's Advanced Camera for Surveys with a radio map from the Very Large Array
* A twisted disc is visible
# Hans Stanley

Hans Stanley, PC (23 September 1721 – 12 January 1780) was a British diplomat and politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1743 and 1780.

## Early life

Stanley was christened on 9 October 1721 at St Martin-in-the-Fields, London. He was elected as an MP for St. Albans at a by-election on 11 February 1743, and sat for it until the general election in 1747. He had no place in the next parliament, and for a time considered abandoning parliamentary life for diplomacy. He travelled frequently in France, resided for two years at Paris, and studied the law of nations. At the general election of 15 April 1754 he was elected in the Tory interest by the borough of Southampton, and represented it continuously until his death.
Stanley was appointed Colonel of the North Hampshire Militia in August 1759 when it was first embodied during the Seven Years' War, but resigned in 1761 in favour of a diplomatic and political career.

## Peace negotiator

Hearing from Lord Temple of Pitt's good opinion of him, he recounted in a letter to Pitt of 18 April 1761, his claims to employment should it be desired to open negotiations with France. He was at that time a follower of the Duke of Newcastle, but Pitt enlisted his services, ‘from opinion of his abilities.’ Stanley set out for Calais to meet the French agent on 24 May 1761. Early in the next month he arrived at Paris, and was appointed as Chargé d'affaires at the Embassy to France. He was the representative of the British government in trying to negotiate a peace agreement with France to bring to an end the Seven Years' War. There he remained until 20 September 1761, when it became clear that the mission had ended in failure.
He was appointed to the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty on 17 June 1762 and became a member of the Privy Council in November of that year. On 7 April 1763 he sent a spirited letter to George Grenville, who was then in office, and to whom he was then attached, declining a seat at the treasury, and setting out how his claims had been neglected. Next August he was at Compiègne. He solicited and obtained in July 1764 the post of Governor of the Isle of Wight or Vice Admiral and constable of Carisbrook Castle. Mary Hervey described the governorship as ‘a very honourable, very convenient employment for him, and also very lucrative.’ At Steephill Manor, on the site of the present castle, near Ventnor, he built a cottage in 1770 at considerable expense, and he entertained there several foreign ambassadors. He resided there until his death in 1780.

## Later life

From 1766 to 1767 he was an Ambassador from the United Kingdom to Russia. Stanley was the Cofferer of the Household for two terms: 1766–1774 and 1776–1780.
Hans Stanley committed suicide by cutting his throat, " in a sudden fit of frenzy", at Althorp, the home of John Spencer, 1st Earl Spencer in Northamptonshire.
He was the grandson of Sir Hans Sloane and the first cousin one time removed of John 'Mad Jack' Fuller.
# Nijman

Nijman is a Dutch surname. Among variant forms are Neijman, Neyman, Nieman(s), and Nyman. It originated as a nickname for either an unknown or nameless person, related to modern Dutch niemand ("nobody"), or for a newcomer to a place (modern Dutch nieuw man, cognate to English Newman and German Neumann. People with this surname include:
* Brigitte Nijman (born 1970), Duch musical actress, singer and voice actor
* Hans Nijman (1959–2014), Dutch mixed martial artist and professional wrestler.
* Jan Willem Nijman (born 1990s), Dutch video game developer
* Jerry Nijman (born 1966), Suriname-born Dutch boxer
* Marijn Nijman (born 1985), Dutch cricketer, sister of Ruud
* Max Nijman (1941–2016), Surinamese singer
* Ruud Nijman (born 1982), Dutch cricketer, brother of Marijn
* Yosh Nijman (born 1996), American football player
# Yana-Wara

Yana-Wara is a 2023 Peruvian mystery drama film written and co-directed by Óscar Catacora along with Tito Catacora. It is the posthumous work of Óscar Catacora, following his death on November 26, 2021, while filming in El Collao Province due to appendicitis. The film was selected as the Peruvian entry for the Best International Feature Film at the 97th Academy Awards and for the Best Ibero-American Film at the 39th Goya Awards. However, it failed to secure a nomination for either award.

## Synopsis

The communal justice system accuses 80-year-old Don Evaristo of the murder of his 13-year-old granddaughter Yana-Wara. During the hearing, everyone learns the tragic story of this young girl.

## Cast

* Luz Diana Mamani as Yana-Wara
* Cecilio Quispe as Don Evaristo
* Juan Choquehuanca
* Irma D. Percca
* José D. Calisaya

## Release

Yana-Wara had its world premiere on August 13, 2023, as part of the Fiction competition at the 27th Lima Film Festival, then screened at the 9th University of Lima Film Week on 12 November 2023. It will be part of the main competitive selection of the 27th Málaga Film Festival on March 6, 2024. Distributed by V&R Films, it was released theatrically in Peru on 4 April 2024.

## Accolades

| Year | Award / Festival | Category | Recipient | Result |
| 2023 | 27th Lima Film Festival | Best Picture | Yana-Wara | Nominated |
| 2023 | 27th Lima Film Festival | Best Peruvian Film - First Honorable Mention | Yana-Wara | Won |
| 2023 | 9th University of Lima Film Week | National Feature Film Competition | Yana-Wara | Won |
| 2023 | 9th University of Lima Film Week | Enrique Pinilla Award | Yana-Wara | Won |
| 2024 | 15th APRECI Awards | Best Peruvian Feature Film | Yana-Wara | Won |
| 2024 | 15th APRECI Awards | Best Director | Óscar Catacora & Tito Catacora | Won |
| 2024 | 15th APRECI Awards | Best Actor | Cecilio Quispe | Nominated |
| 2024 | 15th APRECI Awards | Best Actress | Luz Diana Mamani | Nominated |
| 2024 | 15th APRECI Awards | Best Screenplay | Óscar Catacora | Won |
| 2024 | 27th Málaga Film Festival | Best Ibero-American Film | Yana-Wara | Nominated |
# Castillo de Gauzón

Castillo de Gauzón (Gauzón Castle) is a ruined Spanish fortification. It is located in the municipality of Castrillón, Asturias, Spain. Little remains of it, partly because many of the stones that formed it were taken by the area residents to build houses and other structures.
The castle was characterized like a "safe" in that it protected the gold and precious stones used to create some of the symbols of Asturias. The structure holds special significance for Asturias because it was there that the Victory Cross was encased in gold and precious stones. Archaeological excavations at the site dated it to the ninth century but more recent tests with Carbon-14 have dated construction to the mid-7th century.
# Matt Conlan

Matthew Escott Conlan (born 1968) is an Australian politician.
He was a Country Liberal Party member of the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly from 2007 to 2016, having won his seat of Greatorex in a 2007 by-election. He held several ministerial portfolios in the Mills and Giles Ministries, including Minister for Tourism, Minister for Sport, Minister for Arts and Minister for Housing. He was also the Minister for Transport and Minister for Infrastructure from December 2014. On 10 February 2015, Conlan resigned from all his cabinet positions, citing family reasons.

## Controversies

In 2014, Conlan was accused by Robyn Lambley of telling Alison Anderson to "fuck off, you cunt".
# Baghchehban

Baghchehban (Persian: باغچه بان) is a neighborhood in the city of Shahiyun in Shahiyun District of Dezful County, Khuzestan province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, Baghchehban's population was 164 in 36 households, when it was a village in Shahi Rural District of Sardasht District. The following census in 2011 counted 380 people in 68 households, by which time the rural district had been separated from the district in the formation of Shahiyun District. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 153 people in 44 households.
In 2018, the villages of Baghchehban, Bazargah, and Vahdat merged to form the city of Shahiyun.
# Eveno-Bytantaysky National District

Eveno-Bytantaysky National District (Russian: Эве́но-Бытанта́йский национа́льный улу́с; Even: Эвэн Бытантай буган; Yakut: Эбээн-Бытантай улууһа, romanized: Ebên-Bıtantay ulûha) is an administrative and municipal district (raion, or ulus), one of the thirty-four in the Sakha Republic, Russia. The area of the district is 52,300 square kilometers (20,200 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Batagay-Alyta. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 2,867, with the population of Batagay-Alyta accounting for 63.9% of that number.

## History

The district was established on April 21, 1989, when its territory was split out of Verkhoyansky District. The district's name refers to its designation as a national (ethnic) district for the Evens, who comprised 32.35% of the population in 1989, as well as its location on the Bytantay River.

## Geography

The district is located within the Arctic Circle, between the Lena and Yana Rivers. The western section of the district is dominated by the Verkhoyansk Range, the north and east—by the Kular Mountains.

## Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Eveno-Bytantaysky National District is one of the thirty-four in the republic. The district is divided into three rural okrugs (naslegs) which comprise four rural localities. As a municipal division, the district is incorporated as Eveno-Bytantaysky Municipal District. Its three rural okrugs are incorporated into three rural settlements within the municipal district. The selo of Batagay-Alyta serves as the administrative center of both the administrative and municipal district.

### Inhabited localities

Administrative/municipal composition :
| Rural okrugs/Rural settlements | Population | Rural localities in jurisdiction* |
| Verkhnebytantaysky (Верхнебытантайский) | 269 | selo of Dzhargalakh |
| Nizhnebytantaysky (Нижнебытантайский) | 766 | selo of Kustur selo of Aly |
| Tyugesirsky (Тюгесирский) | 1,832 | selo of Batagay-Alyta (administrative center of the district) |
*Administrative centers are shown in bold

## Demographics

As of the 2021 Census, the ethnic composition was as follows:
* Evens: 58.9%
* Yakuts: 39.1%
* Russians: 0.6%
* others: 1.4%

## Economy

The economy of the district depends mainly on agriculture such as reindeer herding and the breeding of cattle and horses. The district is among the most inaccessible territories of the republic.
# Joyce Friedman

Joyce Barbara Friedman (1928 – November 28, 2018) was an American mathematician, operations researcher, computer scientist, and computational linguist who worked as a professor at the University of Michigan and Boston University and served as president of the Association for Computational Linguistics.

## Early life and education

Friedman was born in 1928. She was a Durant Scholar at Wellesley College, from which she graduated in 1949, and earned a master's degree at Radcliffe College in 1952. In the same year she moved from the Logistics Research Project at George Washington University to the US Department of Defense, later working at a succession of defense contractors: ACF Industries (where she worked with Sheldon Akers on production scheduling), Tech. Operations, Inc., and the Mitre Corporation.
Returning to graduate study at Harvard University, her interests shifted from operations research to automated reasoning. She completed her Ph.D. in 1965, supervised by Hao Wang, with the dissertation A New Decision Procedure in Logic with a Computer Realization, concerning computational methods in first-order logic.

## Academic career and later life

Friedman worked as an assistant professor at Stanford University from 1965 until 1968, when she moved to the University of Michigan as an associate professor of computer and communications sciences. At Michigan, she was promoted to full professor in 1971. She moved to Boston University as chair of computer science in 1983.
Even before completing her doctorate, Friedman had worked at Mitre as a programmer for Donald E. Walker on a project for the US Air Force involving the development of programs that could answer English-language questions. As an academic, her research largely concentrated on computational linguistics and formal grammars; she served as president of the Association for Computational Linguistics in 1971. Some of her work on transformational grammar was described in her 1971 book, A Computational Model of Transformational Grammar. She has over 180 academic descendants through three of her doctoral students: C. Raymond Perrault, Remko Scha, and David S. Warren.
She died on November 28, 2018, in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

## Recognition

Friedman was named a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1986.
# Kraut (band)

Kraut was a New York City punk rock/hardcore punk band formed by Doug Holland, in 1981 The original members were Davy Gunner (vocals), Doug Holland (guitar/vocals) Don Cowan (bass/vocals), and Johnny Feedback (drums/vocals).

## History

Kraut's first performance was opening for The Clash at Bonds International Casino in New York on June 11, 1981.
Their debut single, "Kill for Cash", and second single, "Unemployed", were both released in 1981 on the band's own Cabbage Records label.
While recording their debut album, An Adjustment to Society (produced by Ryk Oakley), they opened for the Professionals at The Channel in Boston. Former Sex Pistols guitarist Steve Jones became friends with Kraut and recorded extra guitar tracks for three tracks on the album: "Kill for Cash", "Sell Out" and "Onward". The album was again self-released, distributed by Faulty Products. A video clip for "All Twisted" appeared in rotation on MTV, making Kraut the first independent band to be played on the station.
The band released a mini-album, Whetting the Scythe, in 1984, and toured the U.S.
By the mid-1980s, Kraut had added second guitarist Christopher Smith from Battalion of Saints, and developed a more hard rock/metal sound.
Guitarist Holland went on to play for New York hardcore band the Cro-Mags.
A Kraut reunion show with all four original members took place in 2002 at CBGB during the New York Thrash reunion, yielding the Live at CBGB's album.

## Discography
### Studio albums

* An Adjustment to Society (1982, Cabbage Records/Faulty Products)
* Whetting the Scythe (1984, Cabbage Records/Enigma Records)
* An Adjustment to Society (2024 Cleopatra Records)

### Singles

* "Kill for Cash" 7" (1981, Cabbage Records)
* "Unemployed" 7" (1981, Cabbage Records)
* "Kill for Cash" 7" (2024, Cleopatra Records)
* "Unemployed" 7" (2024, Cleopatra Records)

### Live albums

* Night of Rage (1989, New Red Archives)
* Live at CBGB's (2004, New Red Archives)

### Compilation albums

* The Movie (1990, New Red Archives)
* Complete Studio Recordings 1981–1986 (1995, New Red Archives)

### Compilation appearances

* "Getaway" and "Last Chance" on New York Thrash (1982, ROIR)
* "Onwards" on Son of Oi! LP (1983, Syndicate Records)
* "Pyramids" on Something to Believe In LP (1983, BYO Records)
* "Don't Believe (Live)" on Bang Zoom No. 3 tape (1983, Bang Zoom)
* "Flossing With an E String" on Flipside Vinyl Fanzine LP (1984, Gasatanka Records)
* "Juvenile Justice" on Enigma Variations (1985, Enigma Records)
# Marquess Jing of Zhao

Marquess Jing of Zhao (c. 410-375 BCE), personal name Zhao Zhang, was a ruler of the Zhao state during the Warring states period. He was the son of Marquess Lie of Zhao, the founding monarch of the state. Marquess Jing's uncle, Duke Wu of Zhao (趙武公), ruled as Zhao's ruler until Marquess Jing was of age.
In 386 BCE, the first year of his reign, Marquess Jing moved the Zhao capital from Zhongmou (中牟; modern-day Tangyin County, Henan) to Handan, where two large districts were set up to be in a more secure location. One of these was the administrative district Gongcheng (宮城區) and the other the Dabei commercial area (大北城), and Handan quickly prospered.
In the second year of his reign, Marquess Jing prevailed over the Qi state at a battle that took place in an area situated between modern-day Gaotang County and Chiping County.
Marquess Jing was succeeded by his son, Marquess Cheng.
# Bangalore Club

The Bangalore Club, located in Bangalore, Karnataka, is the oldest club in the city. Founded in 1868, it counts among its previous members the Maharajah of Mysore and Winston Churchill. A ledger on display in the main building of the club is open to a page that has a list of "irrecoverable debts" that were written off by the club. One of these is the sum Rs. 13, owed by Winston Churchill. Membership at present for the category of new permanent members is closed, but last when open, had a waiting list of over 30 years. The club is spread across 11 acres and located on Cariappa Road, near Richmond Circle.

## History

The club was established in 1868, named the Bangalore United Services Club for officers of the British Empire. In 1915, membership was opened to Indian officers.
Membership for civilians was opened in 1946, and the club was renamed the Bangalore Club. In 2018, the Club celebrated completing 150 years of existence.

## Facilities

The club has a limited number of restaurants, bars, libraries, and sports facilities i.e.: Badminton, Squash, Billiards, Table Tennis, Swimming Pools, Tennis courts, Bridge, Gymnasium, etc., and is built in the colonial style. In addition to these, it also has some stores for the convenience of its members, open to only club members.
The club has many rules and regulations which could be more of an effect of a colonial hangover, but lately, there has been a concentrated effort to rectify the same. Members can also visit other affiliated clubs around India and many parts of the world. The club has tough dress regulations at several places which upholds the club's tradition at all times.
# Tarasivtsi

Tarasivtsi (Romanian: Tărăsăuți; Ukrainian: Тарасівці; Russian: Тарасовцы) is a village in Chernivtsi Raion, Chernivtsi Oblast, Ukraine. It belongs to Vanchykivtsi rural hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. The population of the village is more than 5,000 people, of which 95% are ethnic Romanians and Moldovans.
Tarasivtsi (Tărăsauți) is located next to the Romanian border. The river Prut flows through the village.

## History

   Moldavia 1473–1812  Russian Empire 1812–1917  Moldavian Democratic Republic 1917–1918  Kingdom of Romania 1918–1940  Soviet Union (Ukrainian SSR) 1940–1941  Kingdom of Romania 1941–1944  Soviet Union (Ukrainian SSR) 1944–1991  Ukraine 1991–present
Until 18 July 2020, Tarasivtsi belonged to Novoselytsia Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Chernivtsi Oblast to three. The area of Novoselytsia Raion was split between Chernivtsi and Dnistrovskyi Raions, with Tarasivtsi being transferred to Chernivtsi Raion.
Tarasivtsi was notable as the only place in Ukraine where the Romanian language had been designated as a regional language. This occurred after Ukraine permitted regional languages to be designated in August 2012. The Constitutional Court of Ukraine on 28 February 2018 ruled this legislation unconstitutional.

## Demographics

At the 2001 Ukrainian census, 97.43% of inhabitants spoke Romanian as their native language, while 1.86% spoke Ukrainian.

## Notable people

* Anatoly Tikhai, hieromonk
* Yakov Tikhai, composer