OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tip of the red-giant branch

Tip of the red-giant branch (TRGB) is a primary distance indicator used in astronomy. It uses the luminosity of the brightest red-giant-branch stars in a galaxy as a standard candle to gauge the distance to that galaxy. It has been used in conjunction with observations from the Hubble Space Telescope to determine the relative motions of the Local Cluster of galaxies within the Local Supercluster. Ground-based, 8-meter-class telescopes like the VLT are also able to measure the TRGB distance within reasonable observation times in the local universe.

## Method

The Hertzsprung–Russell diagram (HR diagram) is a plot of stellar luminosity versus surface temperature for a population of stars. During the core hydrogen burning phase of a Sun-like star's lifetime, it will appear on the HR diagram at a position along a diagonal band called the main sequence. When the hydrogen at the core is exhausted, energy will continue to be generated by hydrogen fusion in a shell around the core. The center of the star will accumulate the helium "ash" from this fusion and the star will migrate along an evolutionary branch of the HR diagram that leads toward the upper right. That is, the surface temperature will decrease and the total energy output (luminosity) of the star will increase as the surface area increases.
At a certain point, the helium at the core of the star will reach a pressure and temperature where it can begin to undergo nuclear fusion through the triple-alpha process. For a star with less than 1.8 times the mass of the Sun, this will occur in a process called the helium flash. The evolutionary track of the star will then carry it toward the left of the HR diagram as the surface temperature increases under the new equilibrium. The result is a sharp discontinuity in the evolutionary track of the star on the HR diagram. This discontinuity is called the tip of the red-giant branch.
When distant stars at the TRGB are measured in the I-band (in the infrared), their luminosity is somewhat insensitive to their composition of elements heavier than helium (metallicity) or their mass; they are a standard candle with an I-band absolute magnitude of –4.0±0.1. This makes the technique especially useful as a distance indicator. The TRGB indicator uses stars in the old stellar populations (Population II).
# Plus Magazine

Plus Magazine is an online popular mathematics magazine run under the Millennium Mathematics Project at the University of Cambridge.
Plus contains:
* feature articles on all aspects of mathematics;
* reviews of popular maths books and events;
* a news section;
* mathematical puzzles and games;
* interviews with people in maths related careers;
* Plus Podcast – Maths on the Move

## History

Plus was initially named PASS Maths (Public Awareness and Schools Support for Maths) in 1997, when it was a project of the Interactive Courseware Research and Development Group, based jointly at the University of Cambridge and Keele University. Plus is now part of the Millennium Mathematics Project, a long term national initiative based in Cambridge and active across the UK and internationally.
Authors of articles in Plus include Stephen Hawking and Marcus du Sautoy.
Plus won the 2001 Webby for Best Science Site on the Web, and has been described as "an excellent site put together by those with a real love for the subject". In 2006 the Millennium Mathematics Project, of which Plus is a part, won the Queen's Anniversary Prize for Higher Education.
# Xiphophorus mayae

Xiphophorus mayae is a fish in the family Poeciliidae. It is found in Central America: eastern Guatemala and western Honduras. This species has red lines on its body which extend on to the upper portion of the caudal fin, males have the lower part of the caudal fin extended into a "sword".
# 1844 South Carolina gubernatorial election

Elections in South Carolina :
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The 1844 South Carolina gubernatorial election was held on 7 December 1844 in order to elect the Governor of South Carolina. Democratic candidate and incumbent member of the South Carolina Senate William Aiken Jr. was elected by the South Carolina General Assembly as he ran unopposed. The exact number of votes cast in this election is unknown.

## General election

On election day, 7 December 1844, Democratic candidate William Aiken Jr. was elected by the South Carolina General Assembly, thereby retaining Democratic control over the office of Governor. Aiken was sworn in as the 61st Governor of South Carolina on 3 January 1845.

### Results

South Carolina gubernatorial election, 1844 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | William Aiken Jr. | Unknown | 100.00% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | Unknown | 100.00% |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |
# Ennore Thermal Power Station

The Ennore Thermal Power Station is a coal based power plant located in Chennai Ennore, Tamil Nadu.

## History

Ennore Thermal Power Station was constructed to serve the purpose of energy generation in the year 1970. It is one of the four major thermal power plants of Tamil Nadu established by the Tamil Nadu Generation and Distribution Corporation Limited (TANGEDCO). Presently it has an installed capacity of 450 MW (600,000 hp). The necessary coal arrives through ship to the Ennore Port. However, the construction of the 1,000 MW plants (1,300,000 hp) in the premise began in the year 2007. The Station presently consists of two 60-MW and three 110-MW units. A 500-MW coal-based unit was proposed, and its development started in the month of November 2007. The total cost of the venture was 270 crores. The plant was shut down on 31.03.2017 and will be replaced.

## Features

The Power Station has been a major provider of electricity in the state and its production capacity has been improved over the years. The Ennore Power Station has also garnered various awards from the TANGEDCO. However power deficit seems to be playing an important role for the recent decision. It also has a special treatment plant to dispose the ash slurry in a proper way.
Coal for ETPS is received from MCL (Talchar and Ib Valley), Orissa and ECL, Raniganj, West Bengal. The plant load factor (PLF) for the year 2008–2009 was 49.17 percent.

### Capacity

| Unit Number | Installed Capacity (MW) | Date of Commissioning | Date of Decommissioning | Status |
| 1 | 60 | 31 March 1970 | March 31, 2017 | Decommissioned |
| 2 | 60 | 14 February 1971 | March 31, 2017 | Decommissioned |
| 3 | 110 | 17 May 1972 | March 31, 2017 | Decommissioned |
| 4 | 110 | 26 May 1973 | March 31, 2017 | Decommissioned |
| 5 | 110 | 2 December 1975 | March 31, 2017 | Decommissioned |
| 6 | 660 | 2022-23 | N/A | Under Construction |

## Shut down and Proposed Replacement

After more than forty years the Power Plant was shut down permanently on March 31, 2017. It will be replaced with a single Supercritical unit of 660 MW, also run by the TANGEDCO. The replacement does not have clearance yet. The plant is opposed by the residents who fear that the new plant will degrade the air quality and lead to a loss of fishing livelihoods.
# 2004–05 Israel State Cup

The 2004–05 Israel State Cup was the 66th season of Israel's nationwide football cup competition and the 51st after the Israeli Declaration of Independence.
The competition was won by Maccabi Tel Aviv, who had beaten Maccabi Herzliya on penalties after 2–2 in the final.
By winning, Maccabi Tel Aviv qualified to the second round of the UEFA Cup.

## Results
### Eighth Round

The draw for the Eighth Round was held on 27 January 2005. Most matches were played on 8 February 2005, except for the match between Hapoel Marmorek and Maccabi Tirat HaCarmel, which was played on 22 February 2005.
| Home team | Score | Away team |
| Hapoel Majd al-Krum | 0–4 | Hapoel Ashkelon |
| Beitar Giv'at Ze'ev | 2–3 | Hapoel Reineh |
| Maccabi Sha'arayim | 2–0 | Maccabi Kafr Yasif |
| Hapoel Ramat Gan | 1–0 | Maccabi Ramat Amidar |
| Hapoel Nahlat Yehuda | 2–1 | Hapoel Afula |
| Hapoel Bnei Lod | 3–4 | Maccabi Ironi Kiryat Ata |
| Bnei Baqa al-Gharbiyye | 0–4 | Maccabi Be'er Sheva |
| Hapoel Marmorek | 2–1 (a.e.t.) | Maccabi Tirat HaCarmel |

### Ninth Round

Most matches were played between 1 March 2005 and 9 March 2005.
| Home team | Score | Away team |
| Hapoel Ra'anana | 3–2 | Hapoel Jerusalem |
| Maccabi Ironi Kiryat Ata | 1–3 | Hapoel Haifa |
| Hakoah Ramat Gan | 2–0 | Ironi Kiryat Shmona |
| Hapoel Nahlat Yehuda | 1–0 | Hapoel Reineh |
| Maccabi Sha'arayim | 2–3 (a.e.t.) | Hapoel Tzafririm Holon |
| Hapoel Acre | 1–1 (a.e.t.) (1–3 p.) | Maccabi Herzliya |
| Maccabi Tel Aviv | 3–1 | Hapoel Be'er Sheva |
| Maccabi Ahi Nazareth | 1–4 | Maccabi Haifa |
| Maccabi Petah Tikva | 2–1 | Hapoel Ramat Gan |
| Hapoel Kfar Saba | 2–3 | Maccabi Netanya |
| Hapoel Tel Aviv | 2–0 | Ironi Nir Ramat HaSharon |
| Hapoel Marmorek | 0–1 | Hapoel Ashkelon |
| Hapoel Rishon LeZion | 1–4 | F.C. Ashdod |
| Beitar Jerusalem | 0–1 | Hapoel Petah Tikva |
| Maccabi Be'er Sheva | 0–2 | Bnei Sakhnin |
| Bnei Yehuda | 5–1 | Hapoel Nazareth Illit |
# Vostok (sloop-of-war)

Vostok was a 28-gun sloop-of-war of the Imperial Russian Navy, the lead ship of the First Russian Antarctic Expedition in 1819–1821, during which Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen (commander of the ship) and Mikhail Lazarev (commanding Mirny, the second ship) circumnavigated the globe, discovered the continent of Antarctica and twice circumnavigated it, and discovered a number of islands and archipelagos in the Southern Ocean and the Pacific.

## History

Vostok was launched in 1818 at Okhta Admiralty shipyard, Saint Petersburg.
On 14 July [O.S. 3 July] 1819 Vostok under the command of Commander Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen, the leader of the expedition, alongside Mirny under the command of Lieutenant Commander Mikhail Lazarev left Kronstadt and on 28 January [O.S. 16 January] 1820 reached the shore of Antarctica, which was sighted for the first time in history. After repair in Sydney in Australia, the expedition explored the tropical parts of the Pacific, and on 12 November [O.S. 31 October] 1820 again turned to Antarctica. On 22 January [O.S. 10 January] 1821 the sloops reached the southernmost point of their voyage at 69° 53' S and 92° 19' W. On 5 August [O.S. 24 July] 1821 they returned to Kronstadt.
In 751 days they covered 49,723 miles (approx. 92,300 km). Apart from the discovery of the world's sixth continent, Antarctica, 29 islands were mapped and complex oceanographic works carried out. A medal was issued by the Russian Admiralty to commemorate the expedition.
In 1828 sloop Vostok was excluded from navy lists and scrapped.

## Named in honor

* Vostok Island in the Line Islands group (Polynesia), discovered by Bellingshausen during the First Russian Antarctic Expedition in 1820.
* Cape Vostok, the western extremity of the Havre Mountains and the northwestern extremity of Alexander Island in Antarctic, discovered by Bellingshausen in 1821.
* Vostok Rupes, a mountain chain on planet Mercury.
* Vostok Station, a Russian Antarctic research station located on the Pole of Cold amid the East Antarctic Ice Sheet, established on 16 December 1957 (during the International Geophysical Year) by the 2nd Soviet Antarctic Expedition.
* Vostok Subglacial Highlands, an east extension of Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains in Antarctica.
* Vostok Lake, the largest subglacial lake in the world is named after Vostok Station. The existence of a subglacial lake in the Vostok region was first suggested by Russian geographer Andrey Kapitsa based on seismic soundings made during the Soviet Antarctic Expeditions.
* Vostok 1, the Soviet spacecraft which carried the first man into space, Yuri Gagarin, on 12 April 1961.
# Santa Albertina

Santa Albertina is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population is 6,022 (2020 est.) in an area of 272 km². The elevation is 420 m. It is situated on the border with the state of Minas Gerais, on the left bank of the Rio Grande.

## Media

In telecommunications, the city was served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012. The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).

## Geography
### Neighbouring Municipalities

* Urânia
* Paranapuã
* Mesópolis
* Aspásia
* Santa Rita d'Oeste
* Carneirinho (Minas Gerais)

### Distances

* Brasília (Capital City Of Brazil) : 754 km
* São Paulo (Capital City Of The State Of São Paulo) : 621 km
* São José do Rio Preto : 179 km
* Araçatuba : 150 km
* Jales : 32 km
# Shinseikai

The Shinseikai (Japanese: 新政会, lit. 'New Politics Society') was a political party in Japan between 1917 and 1920.

## History

The party was established in October 1917 as a merger of the Ishinkai (39 seats) and a group of 12 independent National Diet members, becoming the third-largest party in the House of Representatives. However, in February 1918, around half its members broke away to form the Seiwa Club. Another four members left in February 1920, and the party lost nearly all its seats in the May 1920 elections. The following month its sole member was amongst the founders of the Kōshin Club, alongside the Seikō Club and some independents.
# Mathias Stein

Mathias Stein (born 21 February 1970) is a German politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) who has been serving as a member of the Bundestag from the state of Schleswig-Holstein since 2017.

## Political career

Stein first became a member of the Bundestag in the 2017 German federal election. In parliament, he is a member of the Committee on Transport and Digital Infrastructure. He is his parliamentary group’s rapporteur on cycling.
Within his parliamentary group, Stein belongs to the Parliamentary Left, a left-wing movement.
In July 2024, Stein announced, that he isn't seeking re-election for Bundestag.

## Other activities

* German Cyclist’s Association (ADFC), Member
* German United Services Trade Union (ver.di), Member
# Gut Aich Priory

Gut Aich Priory (Kloster Gut Aich) is a Benedictine monastery in St. Gilgen in Austria.
It was founded in 1993 and was formally recognised as an independent monastery on 11 July 2004 by the Presiding Abbot of the Austrian Congregation of the Benedictine Confederation, of which it is a member.
A special task of the priory is to contribute to the peaceful coexistence of people and nations in Europe, and for that reason it describes itself as a "European abbey" ("Europakloster").
# Carlinhos (footballer, born January 1986)

Carlos Henrique de Oliveira or simply Carlinhos (born January 18, 1986) is a central-defender player from Brazil.
Made his professional debut on August 6, 2006 against Botafogo in a 1-1 draw, after a swift rise through the Under-20 team. He was loaned to América-SP for the 2007 season.

## Honours

* Brazilian League: 2006

## Contract

16 August 2006 to 16 August 2008
# Walter Baets

Walter R.J. Baets (born 1955) is a Belgian-born author and academic. and the previous director of the University of Cape Town Graduate School of Business (UCT GSB). Where he was the Chair of the Association of African Business Schools as well as the Allan Gray Centre for Values-Based Leadership at the UCT GSB. In 2015, the UCT GSB was crowned the top business school on the continent for the eighth year running.
He is a former UNESCO Chair in Education for Social and Sustainable Entrepreneurship at Euromed Management, Marseille. He is married to author and leadership and personal development specialist, Erna Oldenboom. They have three children.

## Education

He graduated in Econometrics and Operations Research at the University of Antwerp, Belgium and did postgraduate studies in Business Administration at Warwick Business School, UK. He was awarded a PhD from the University of Warwick in Industrial and Business Studies and a Habilitation of Paul Cézanne University, Aix-Marseille III, France. He has held academic positions in Belgium, the Netherlands, France and Spain.

## Career

His academic research focus has been on business model innovation and knowledge management; complexity, chaos and change (with a focus on values-based leadership); a quantum interpretation of management, with a focus on consciousness as a corporate driver. A further interest is in integrating art and business and he is experimenting with art forms like flamenco and photography as creative tools for business model innovation

## Selected publications

* Aligning information systems with business strategy. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems 1.4 (1992): 205–213
* Galliers, Robert D., and Walter RJ Baets. Information technology and organizational transformation: innovation for the 21st century organization. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1998.
* Organizational learning and knowledge technologies in a dynamic environment. Springer Science & Business Media, 1999.
* Some empirical evidence on IS strategy alignment in banking. Information & Management. 30.4 (1996): 155–177.
* Baets, Walter RJ, ed. Knowledge Management and Management Learning: Extending the Horizons of Knowledge-Based Management. Vol. 9. Springer Science & Business Media, 2006.
* Rethinking Growth: Social entrepreneurship for sustainable performance. Palgrave Macmillan 2009. (With E Oldenboom)
* Complexity, learning and organisations: a quantum interpretation of business. Routledge 2006
* Browaeys, Marie-Joëlle, and Walter Baets. Cultural complexity: a new epistemological perspective. The Learning Organization 10.6 (2003): 332–339.
# Forgiato Blow

Kurt Jantz, professionally known as Forgiato Blow, is an American rapper whose work supports President Donald Trump and Trumpism. Jantz is a self-proclaimed pioneer of the Trumpist hip hop genre of MAGA rap.

## Early life

Jantz was born and raised in South Florida and attended Admiral Farragut Academy.

## Career

He released his first album in 2013, with subsequent releases attracting little attention.
In 2016, he released "Silver Spoon", his first pro-Trump song, and "was later able to carve out a niche for himself within the movement surrounding Donald Trump". Since then, his music and videos have been supportive of conservative figures and groups, including Roger Stone, Matt Gaetz, Marjorie Taylor Greene, and the Proud Boys. His music often concerns culture war topics, for instance, a song titled "Boycott Target", which accused Target of grooming children with pride merchandise, reached #1 on iTunes.
Jantz was featured in a song with Vanilla Ice and Kodak Black in 2021.
# Anirban Bhattacharyya

Anirban Bhattacharyya is an Indian television producer, author, standup comedian, and actor. He is the creator and producer of the hit true crime TV series Savdhaan India and Ishq Kills. He studied at Dr. Graham's Homes School at Kalimpong. He is an alumnus of St. Xavier's College Kolkata graduating with English Literature as Major. He went on to earn a Master's Degree in Mass Communication Film & television from the A.J.K. Mass Communication Research Centre New Delhi.

## Author

Bhattacharyya released his debut book entitled The Deadly Dozen: India's Most Notorious Serial Killers which is published by Penguin India. The book was launched by film-director Anurag Kashyap. The book has been endorsed by actors John Abraham, Ayushmann Khurrana, Ronit Roy and film directors Kiran Rao, Shashanka Ghosh, and writer Jayant Kripalani.
Bhattacharyya's true crime book, India's Money Heist: The Chelembra Bank Robbery, was published by Penguin India. The book is about the Chelembra bank robbery. and it was launched by actor Mohanlal
In 2023 he released his fifth book The Hills Are Burning which is a memoir of his friends and him growing up in a boarding school in Kalimpong set against the genesis and the subsequent violence and human rights violations of the Gorkhaland movement of 1986.
In July 2024 his debut horror anthology Enter At Your Own Risk was published by Fingerprint Publishers.
In 2024, a campaign called 'Fit My Feet' about customised footwear for people inflicted with club feet that Anirban directed and co-produced for McCaan Worldgroup won Gold and Bronze at Cannes Lions International Festival of Creativity 2024
He writes an opinion and political column for The New Indian Express and a true crime column for Mathrubhumi.
His book 'Swipe Right to Kill' chronicles details of 2018 Jaipur Tinder murder case. Published by Penguin India, the book was released on 22 August 2024 on SoftCover.

## Television producer

Anirban created, produced, wrote, and directed the true crime television series Savdhaan India for Life OK, which subsequently became Star Bharat. He has also been the producer of Crime Patrol and Fear Files: Darr Ki Sacchi Tasvirein. He has directed shows at, and worked as Content Head at Channel V India.

## Actor

Anirban has acted in the movies Vijay 69Sui Dhaaga, Mission Mangal, and Opium, which premiered at the 35th Tokyo International Film Festival in 2022. He has acted in the series The Broken News and given his voice to the Indian versions of the animated Pixar movie Cars 2 and Disney's The Wild.