OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Leonte Tismăneanu

Leonte Tismăneanu (born Leonid Tisminetski, or Tisminețki; 1913–1981) was a Romanian communist activist and propagandist.
Born into a Jewish family in Soroca, Bessarabia, Russian Empire (now in Moldova), he joined the Romanian Communist Party (PCR) in the early 1930s. He engaged in illegal communist activities in Bucharest, Galați, Brăila, and Soroca. Later, he fought as a volunteer in the International Brigades during the Spanish Civil War, losing his right arm at the age of 24. In 1939, Tisminetski left for the Soviet Union, where he became a student of the Moscow State Linguistic University. After the start of Operation Barbarossa, in which Romania took part (see Romania during World War II), he worked with Ana Pauker, Leonte Răutu, and Vasile Luca for the Romanian language branch of Radio Moscow, first as a newsreader, then as a writer.
In 1948, Tisminetski and his family were sent to Soviet-occupied Romania, where he changed his name in 1949 to Leonte Tismăneanu, at the request of the PCR. He was named deputy director of Editura PMR, later Editura Politică, the publishing house of the Communist Party and also held the Chair of Marxism-Leninism at the University of Bucharest.
In 1956, Tismăneanu, alongside Dean Iorgu Iordan and the academics Mihai Novicov, Alexandru Graur, Ion Coteanu, and Radu Florian, took part in a university inquiry into the anti-communist statements of Paul Goma, a university student who later became a noted dissident and writer; led by Iordan and supervised by the Securitate, the investigation culminated in Goma's expulsion from the faculty and subsequent arrest (Tismăneanu and Florian voted in favor of the former, but against the latter).
Between 1958 and 1960, Tismăneanu was investigated for "revisionist-type deviationism" (deviaționism de tip revizionist), the inquiry ending with him being expelled from the Party in 1960. Allowed to rejoin in 1964, after the death of Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, he subsequently worked as a writer for Editura Meridiane.
He was married to Hermina Marcusohn, herself a Spanish Civil War veteran who had trained as a physician, held a professorship at Bucharest's Medical School, and briefly worked as a party activist. Their son, Vladimir Tismăneanu, is a political scientist, who headed the Presidential Commission for the Study of the Communist Dictatorship in Romania, which presented a report on the crimes of the communist regime in Romania. In an extended polemic with Vladimir Tismăneanu, Goma has indicated his mistrust in the latter's ability to exercise impartial judgment, allegedly calling him "a Bolshevik offspring".
The Final Report of the Presidential Commission lists Leonte Tismăneanu among the group of prominent party activists responsible with indoctrination.
# Andrew Varick Stout Anthony

Andrew Varick Stout Anthony (1835 in New York City – 1906) was an American wood engraver.

## Biography

Anthony was the son of Eliza (Stout) and John Anthony. He studied drawing and engraving under the best teachers in New York, and was one of the original members of the American Water Color Society. He passed part of his professional life in New York and California, but settled in Boston in 1878.
He was married to Mary Aurelia (Walker). His grandson was actor Osgood Perkins, his great-grandson was actor Anthony Perkins, and his great-great-grandsons are Oz and Elvis Perkins.

## Works

His most conspicuous success was achieved as a line engraver. Among his best known works are the illustrations for John Greenleaf Whittier's Snow-Bound (1867), Ballads of New England (1870), and Mabel Martin (1876); Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's Skeleton in Armor (1877), and Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter (1878). The illustrated edition of Geraldine (a "rhythymic [sic?] romance" written by Alphonso A. Hopkins in 1881) was published in 1887 with illustrations "drawn, engraved, and printed under the supervision of A.V.S. Anthony." It is a particularly interesting edition because the illustrations are not only demonstrative of the themes, but are accurate drawings of sites and features along the St. Lawrence River.
# Electrical Trades Union (Ireland)

The Electrical Trades Union was a trade union representing electrical technicians and engineers in Ireland.
The union was founded in 1923 when the electrical section of the Irish Engineering Industrial Union split away. Initially, it was named the Electrical Trades Union (Dublin), but became the Electrical Trades Union (Ireland) in 1925. It joined the Irish Trades Union Congress, then joined the group of unions which formed the rival Congress of Irish Unions.
The union was initially very small, with only 240 members in 1930, but grew to 1,000 in 1940. From the 1960s onwards, the union began accepting workers in a wide variety of jobs only loosely connecting with electrical matters, and this enabled it to expand its membership above 6,000 by 1970. In 1974, the British Electrical Trades Union became part of the Electrical, Electronic, Telecommunications and Plumbing Union, and the Irish union took the opportunity to drop the disambiguator from its own name, officially becoming the "Electrical Trades Union" for this first time.
In 2001, the union merged with the National Engineering and Electrical Trades Union to form the Technical Engineering and Electrical Union.

## General Secretaries

    1923: Seán Duffy
    1920s: Patrick Keogh
    c.1930: J. M. O'Duffy
    1933: Gerry Owens
    1950: Patrick Keogh
    1957: George Lynch
    1966: James McConway
    1969: Thomas Heery
    1985: Frank O'Reilly
# Maltepe railway station

Maltepe station is located in Maltepe, Istanbul. The station is 14.3 km (8.9 mi) east from Haydarpaşa Terminal and is located directly southeast of the historical city center of Maltepe. The station has 2 platforms for passenger traffic. The Haydarpaşa-Gebze Line and the Haydarpaşa-Adapazarı Regional service the station, as intercity trains skip Maltepe. The station was originally opened in 1872 by the Ottoman Government as part of a railway from Istanbul to İzmit. The government sold the station to the Anatolian Railway in 1888, which was later taken over by the Turkish State Railways in 1927. The station used to be a main freight depot, but when the branch line serving the Maltepe military pier was abandoned freight operations declined greatly.
# Arnbruck

Arnbruck is a municipality in the district of Regen, in Bavaria, Germany.
# Tiberiy Popovich

Tiberiy Popovich (originally Hungarian: Tibor Popovics, Ukrainian: Тиберій Ладиславович Попович, romanized: Tyberiy Ladyslavovych Popovych; 20 September 1930 – 10 February 2008) was an association footballer from the former Soviet Union who played for FC Dynamo Kyiv.
In 1956 Popovich played couple of games for Ukraine at the Spartakiad of the Peoples of the USSR.
# Louis Étienne Watelet

Louis Étienne Watelet (25 August 1780, Paris - 21 June 1866, Paris) was a French landscape painter and art teacher.

## Biographie

His father was a "Marchand-mercier" (entrepreneur). He is generally credited with being an autodidact. The painter, Charles Gabet (1793-1861), says that he had "no other masters but nature and the love of his art". Nevertheless, he is known to have frequented the studios of the painter Pierre-Henri de Valenciennes and the engraver, Georges Malbeste [fr]. His first exhibition at the Salon came in 1799 and he participated regularly for the remainder of his life, receiving a second-class medal in 1810 and a first-class medal in 1819. He was named a Chevalier in the Legion of Honor in 1825.
He was a prolific painter who travelled widely to work en plein aire; visiting the south of France, Savoy, Italy (which had a significant effect on his work), Belgium and the Tyrol. He strove to give his landscapes a historical feeling, in the Romantic style.
His works were generally popular, but the fierce and caustic art critic, Théophile Gautier proclaimed, after the Salon of 1833, that "As for Watelet and his like, it is impossible for them to be more worthless. They died a long time ago." (Quant à MM. Watelet et consorts, il est impossible d’être plus nuls. Ils sont morts il y a longtemps).
Many notable landscape painters served their apprenticeship in his workshop at the École des Beaux-arts; notably Prosper Baccuet, Théodore Caruelle d'Aligny, Paul Delaroche, Abel Dufresne [fr], Jacques Guiaud and Pierre Thuillier.
His works may be seen at the Louvre, the Musée Magnin, Musée Crozatier, Musée Fabre and the Musée des beaux-arts de Valenciennes, among many others.
# Suzi Kerr

Suzi Clare Kerr (born 1966) is a New Zealand economist. She joined Environmental Defense Fund in 2019 as its chief economist.

## Biography

After completing a BSc at Canterbury University and a PhD at Harvard University, she started Wellington-based non-profit economic and public policy research institute, 'Motu Economic and Public Policy Research'. The New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme work has been a strong focus.
Kerr is also an adjunct professor at Victoria University of Wellington's Climate Change Research Institute.
She has appeared frequently in the mainstream New Zealand media, primarily explaining economic aspects of issues in the news, such as the New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme
In February 2016, Kerr was part of a group of three presenters in the keynote opening session of the Aspiring Conversations Festival called "Cool it! Dealing with Climate Change", which was held in Wānaka.
In 2018, Kerr was announced as a member of the Interim Climate Change Committee.

## Selected works

* Partnership for Market Readiness; International Carbon Action Partnership. 2016. Emissions Trading in Practice : A Handbook on Design and Implementation. World Bank, Washington, DC. (Member of six-person lead author team at Motu Economic and Public Policy Research and Environmental Defense Fund, including Ruben Lubowski and Gernot Wagner.)
* Newell, Richard G., James N. Sanchirico, and Suzi Kerr. "Fishing quota markets." Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 49.3 (2005): 437–462.
* Kerr, Suzi, and Richard G. Newell. "Policy‐Induced Technology Adoption: Evidence from the US Lead Phasedown." The Journal of Industrial Economics 51.3 (2003): 317–343.
* Cramton, Peter, and Suzi Kerr. "Tradeable carbon permit auctions: How and why to auction not grandfather." Energy policy 30.4 (2002): 333–345.
* Pfaff, Alexander SP, et al. "The Kyoto protocol and payments for tropical forest:: An interdisciplinary method for estimating carbon-offset supply and increasing the feasibility of a carbon market under the CDM." Ecological Economics 35.2 (2000): 203–221.
# Daishimizu Tunnel

The Daishimizu Tunnel (大清水トンネル) is a railway tunnel on the Jōetsu Shinkansen on the border of Gunma Prefecture and Niigata Prefecture, Japan.
In 1978, the Dai-Shimizu tunnel was completed. This tunnel was dug for the Jōetsu Shinkansen that was to be completed in 1982. This tunnel was the world's longest railway tunnel at 22.2 km (13.8 mi) until the Seikan Tunnel was built. During the construction, a fire created a large amount of smoke in the tunnel, and 16 workers died from carbon monoxide poisoning. When this tunnel was completed, the travel time between Niigata and Tokyo went down to approximately one hour and forty minutes, three hours faster than using the Jōetsu Line.
Also, when this tunnel was built, natural water was found during construction, which is now sold in bottles.
# John Cardy

John Lawrence Cardy FRS (born 19 March 1947, England) is a British–American theoretical physicist. He is best known for his work in theoretical condensed matter physics and statistical mechanics, and in particular for research on critical phenomena and two-dimensional conformal field theory.
He was an undergraduate and postgraduate student (now an Honorary Fellow) at Downing College, Cambridge, before moving to the University of California, Santa Barbara, where he joined the faculty in 1977. In 1993, he moved to the University of Oxford, where until 2014 he was a Fellow of All Souls College (now Emeritus) and a Professor of Physics in the Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics. He was a Visiting Professor and then a Research Physicist (2015–2023) at the University of California, Berkeley.
His research prior to 1978 was in particle physics, in particular high energy scattering theory. After this, he applied methods of quantum field theory and the renormalization group to condensed matter, especially to critical phenomena in both pure and disordered equilibrium and non-equilibrium systems. In the 1980s he helped develop the theory of conformal invariance and its applications to these problems, ideas which also had an impact in string theory and the physics of black holes.
In the 1990s he used conformal invariance to derive many exact results in percolation and related probabilistic problems. This helped inspire the work of mathematicians which was recognised by the award of the Fields Medal to Wendelin Werner in 2006, and to Stanislav Smirnov in 2010. More recently he has worked on questions of quantum entanglement and non-equilibrium dynamics in many-body systems, and on non-local field theory.
He was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1991, received the Dirac Medal of the Institute of Physics (UK) in 2000, was awarded the Lars Onsager Prize by the APS in 2004, the Boltzmann Medal by IUPAP in 2010, the Dirac Medal of the International Centre for Theoretical Physics in 2011, and the Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics in 2024.
He is most known for his contributions to conformal field theory. The Cardy formula for black hole entropy, the Cardy formula in percolation theory, and the Cardy conditions in boundary conformal field theory are named after him.

## Selected works

* Scaling and renormalization in statistical physics. Cambridge University Press, 1996
* with Krzysztof Gawędzki, Gregory Falkovich: Non equilibrium statistical mechanics and turbulence. London Mathematical Society Lecture notes, Cambridge University Press, 2008
* Conformal Invariance and Statistical Mechanics. in Les Houches Lectures, vol. 49, 1988
* as editor: Finite Size Scaling. Elsevier 1988
* Cardy Conformal Invariance in Percolation, Self-Avoiding Walks and Related Problems, 2002
* Cardy Conformal field theory and statistical mechanics, Les Houches Lectures 2008
* Cardy, Pasquale Calabrese Entanglement entropy and conformal field theory, J. Phys. A, 42, 2009
* Cardy Entanglement entropy in extended quantum systems, 2007
# Daan Frenkel

Daan Frenkel ForMemRS MAE (born 1948, Amsterdam) is a Dutch computational physicist in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Cambridge.

## Education

Frenkel completed his PhD at the University of Amsterdam in 1977 in experimental physical chemistry.

## Career and research

Frenkel worked as postdoctoral research fellow in the Chemistry and Biochemistry Department at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), subsequently at Shell and at the University of Utrecht.
Between 1987 and 2007, Frenkel carried out his research at the FOM Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics (AMOLF) in Amsterdam where he has been employed since 1987. In the same period, he was appointed (part-time) professor at the Universities of Utrecht and Amsterdam. From 2011 to 2015 he was Head of the Department of Chemistry at the University of Cambridge. Since 2007 he is a Professor of Chemistry at the University of Cambridge.
Frenkel has co-authored together with Berend Smit Understanding Molecular Simulation, which has grown into a handbook used worldwide by aspiring computational physicists.

### Awards and honours

In 2000 he was one of three winners of the Dutch Spinoza Prize. In 2008 he was appointed a Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. He is a member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (1998), the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (2008), and The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS) in 2012. He was elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS) in 2006. In 2016 he was elected as a foreign associate of the National Academy of Sciences. In 2007 he received the Aneesur Rahman Prize from the American Physical Society (APS) and the Berni J Alder CECAM prize. In 2010 he received the Soft Matter and Biophysical Chemistry Award from the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC), UK.
He received the 2016 Boltzmann Medal and the 2022 Lorentz Medal. Asteroid 12651 Frenkel, discovered by astronomers during the third Palomar–Leiden trojan survey in 1977, was named in his honor in 2018.
# Aufhausen

Aufhausen is a municipality in the district of Regensburg in Bavaria in Germany.
Aufhausen Priory is located in the village.

## Notable people

* Johann Georg Seidenbusch (1641–1729), priest, painter, and composer, founder of Aufhausen Priory
# Seminole Valley Farmstead

Seminole Valley Farmstead is a collection of historic farm buildings located in Seminole Valley Park on the north east side of Cedar Rapids, Iowa, United States. The historic designation includes the farmhouse (c. 1902–1903), summer kitchen, livestock barn, tool shed, ice house, chicken house, and smokehouse. There is also a small orchard and a garden. The complex is located near a bend in the Cedar River. The farm represents a transitional period between Iowa's austere pioneer farms and the mechanized farms that developed later in the 20th century. The nearby timber was a source of raw materials for the farm, the fertile bottomland on which it is located provided rich soil for grazing and cultivation, and the smokehouse and ice house were used to preserve agricultural products for later consumption. At the same time the barn and the chicken house were more substantial than those from earlier times. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.
# Maness Schoolhouse

The Maness Schoolhouse is an American historic school building at 8801 Wells Lake Road in Sebastian County, Arkansas, about 2 miles (3.2 km) south of Barling. It is a single-story stone structure, with a side gable roof and a projecting gable portico over its main entrance. It was built in 1937 as a one-room schoolhouse with funding from the Works Progress Administration, and is the only surviving structure of the former community of Massard, which was disincorporated and demolished to make way for Fort Chaffee in 1941. Its rear porch was built in 1943 by German prisoners of war held at Fort Chaffee.
The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.

## Gallery

* Maness Schoolhouse, front view
* Maness Schoolhouse, rear view
* Maness Schoolhouse, interior, looking North
# Anupam Chander

Anupam Chander (born 1967) is an American lawyer. He is currently the Scott K Ginsburg Professor of Law at Georgetown University Law Center and an expert on the global regulation of new technologies.

## Education and career

Chander holds a B.A. from Harvard University. He received a J.D. from Yale Law School in 1992. After graduating, he served as a law clerk for Chief Judge Jon O. Newman of the Second Circuit Court of Appeals and Judge William A. Norris of the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. He has practiced law with Cleary, Gottlieb, Steen & Hamilton in New York and Hong Kong. Prior to his current position, Chander was a professor of law at the UC Davis School of Law and director of the California International Law Center.

## Publications

Chander is the author of numerous law review articles and has written three books: The Electronic Silk Road (2013), Internet Law: Statutory Supplement (2019), and Fred Korematsu: All American Hero (2011) with co-author Madhavi Sunder. He also edited Securing Privacy in the Internet Age (2008) with co-editors Lauren Gelman and Margaret Jane Radin.
The Electronic Silk Road has been reviewed by several academics and is regarded as a balanced and important contribution to discussion on internet law, international trade and globalization studies.
Chander's work has appeared in the Yale Law Journal, the California Law Review, and the American Journal of International Law.

## Public scholarship

In 2020, Chander was quoted in articles by Business Insider, CNN and Forbes regarding proposals by the Trump Administration to ban TikTok from the United States over national security and data privacy concerns. Chander wrote an opinion piece for the Washington Post on this issue and also appeared as a guest on NPR's Planet Money podcast.

## Grants and awards

In 2014, Chander received a Google Faculty Research Award for his research in policy and standards. In the same year, Chander and other University of California scholars received a grant of $175,000 from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation to lead a Sawyer Seminar titled "Surveillance Democracies?" at UC Davis.
# Bam and Safiabad County

Bam and Safiabad County (Persian: شهرستان بام و صفی‌آباد) is in North Khorasan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Safiabad, whose population at the time of the 2016 National Census was 3,427 people in 1,020 households.

## History

In 2023, Bam and Safiabad District was separated from Esfarayen County in the establishment of Bam and Safiabad County and renamed the Central District. The new county was divided into two districts of two rural districts each, with Safiabad as its capital and only city.

## Demographics
### Administrative divisions

Bam and Safiabad County's administrative structure is shown in the following table.
Bam and Safiabad County :
* Administrative Divisions
* Central District
* Dahaneh-ye Shirin RD
* Safiabad RD
* Safiabad (city)
* Bam District
* Bam RD
* Sarigol RD
* RD: Rural District
# Viktor Ryashko (footballer, born 1992)

Viktor Ryashko (Ukrainian: Віктор Вікторович Ряшко; born 27 November 1992) is a Ukrainian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Hungarian club Cegléd.

## Career

Ryashko spent some years in the Sportive Youth system in Uzhhorod. He made his debut in the Ukrainian Premier League in a match against FC Vorskla Poltava entraining in the second half-time on 26 May 2013.

## Personal life

He is the son of Ukrainian football manager Viktor Ryashko and older brother of the footballer Mykhaylo Ryashko.
# Burnt Oak Brook

Burnt Oak Brook is a one-mile-long stream between Mill Hill and Burnt Oak in the London Borough of Barnet. It is a tributary of the Silk Stream, which is a tributary of the River Brent, which is a tributary of the River Thames.

## The stream's course

A minor spring in The Mill Field in Mill Hill is probably a source of a tributary of Burnt Oak Brook, but the brook itself is first visible in Simmonds Mead Open Space, a small green open space at the junction of Watford Way and Lawrence Street. The stream then again passes through an underground pipe to re-emerge in the north-west corner of Lyndhurst Park. It goes along The Meads and under Deansbrook Road to pass through Abbots Road Allotments into Watling Park. On exiting from the park it goes underground to join the Silk Stream near Silkstream Park.

## Ecological value

The section of the brook between Lyndhurst Park and Watling Park is part of the Silk Stream and Burnt Oak Brook Site of Borough Importance for Nature Conservation, Grade II. Downstream of Lyndhurst Park, it passes through a narrow belt of mown grass which is left wild close to the brook, with scattered trees and common wild flowers on the banks. In Watling Park the stream mainly follows a natural course and crack-willows, hawthorn and alder form a woodland corridor for wildlife. Grey wagtails often forage among the pebbles of the brook.