OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Deutz Suspension Bridge

The Deutz Suspension Bridge (German: Deutzer Hängebrücke) was a self-anchored suspension bridge using eyebar chains, located across the Rhine at Deutz in Cologne, Germany. It was built from 1913 to 1915. In 1935, it was named Hindenburg Bridge after Germany's second President died the previous year. It collapsed on 28 February 1945 during repair works and was replaced in 1948 by the Deutz Bridge, the world's first steel box girder bridge, designed by Fritz Leonhardt and Gerd Lohmer. H. D. Robinson, who later worked with David B. Steinman on the Florianopolis Bridge, another eyebar chain bridge, consulted on the towers for the design of this Cologne bridge. It reportedly later served as inspiration for American bridge engineers and was specifically cited as a design influence on the Three Sisters bridges in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania as well as for the Kiyosu Bridge on the Sumida River in Tokyo.
| Deutz Suspension Bridge in 1925 | An eyebar of the suspension chains | Deutz Bridge, 2016 |

## Statistics

* span lengths 92 m – 185 m – 92 m
* deck width 18.7 m / 27.50 m
# Albertina Luthuli

Albertina Nomathuli Luthuli (born 14 March 1932) is a South African politician and medical doctor who represented the African National Congress (ANC) in the National Assembly from 2004 to 2011. Before that, she served in the KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Legislature. She is the eldest daughter of ANC stalwart Albert Luthuli.

## Early life and career

Luthuli was born on 14 March 1932 in Groutville in the former Natal Province. She was the second of seven children born to Albert Luthuli, an ANC stalwart and ultimately a Nobel Peace Prize Laureate who died when he was struck by a train in 1967, and Nokukhanya Bhengu. She attended Adams College and matriculated at St Francis College before enrolling at the University of Natal, where she completed an MBChB.
From 1971 to 1991, during the height of apartheid, she lived in exile in Lesotho, Zimbabwe, and the United Kingdom. When she returned to South Africa in 1991, she opened a medical practice in Natal.

## Post-apartheid political career

After the end of apartheid in 1994, Luthuli represented the ANC in the KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Legislature. On 2 April 2001, she was sworn in to the National Assembly to fill a casual vacancy in the ANC's KwaZulu-Natal caucus. In the 2004 general election, she was elected to a full term in the seat. She was re-elected in 2009 but resigned on 1 May 2011; her seat was filled by Duduzile Sibiya.

## Retirement

Luthuli lives in her hometown of Groutville. In 2016, she was publicly critical of President Jacob Zuma; she was one of 100 ANC stalwarts who signed an open letter calling for reform in the ANC and she attended several civil society events which protested against decisions of Zuma's administration. She has also called publicly for another inquest into the circumstances of her father's death.
# First Baptist Church (Memphis, Tennessee)

First Baptist Church is a Baptist church located in Memphis, Tennessee. It was established in 1839. The church has been considered influential amongst moderate Baptists throughout the southern United States since its founding.

## History

The First Baptist Church of Memphis was organized in April 1839. First Baptist was organized with eleven charter members, meeting in an old log schoolhouse in Downtown Memphis. Its 1907 neo-classical church building designed by R. H. Hunt was completed in 1907. In December 1951, famed Baptist Statesman Rev. Dr. R. Paul Caudill moved the church from the corner of Linden and Lauderdale in the southern portion of Downtown Memphis, to a new location on the edge of Midtown Memphis at 200 East Parkway North. The former building became the home of Mt. Olive Cathedral Christian Methodist Episcopal Church.

### Music

The church has had a rich history of traditional music. Musical instruments include its 1951 Wicks pipe organ, located in its sanctuary, and its 1958 M.P. Möeller pipe organ, located in the Caudill Chapel.
Rev. Ray Hatton was the minister of music since 1986 and Dr. Michelle Dixon-Cronk, D.M.A. had served as the organist since 1990. Music director Earl Holloway preceded Rev. Hatton, and organist Lamar King preceded Dr. Cronk.

## Senior pastors

* Rev. Dr. Arthur Upshaw Boone 1898-1930
* Rev. Dr. Robert Johnston Bateman 1931-1943
* Rev. Dr. Robert Paul Caudill 1944-1976
* Rev. Dr. Earl Clinton Davis 1976-1994
* Rev. Dr. Kenneth C. Corr 1996-2007
* Rev. Dr. Frank David Breckenridge 2008-2018
* Rev. Dr. Kathryn Spangler Kimmel 2021-present

## Notable clergy

* Rev. Dr. Carol McCall-Richardson
* Rev. Phimphone Phetvixay

## Controversies

During the early 1970s, the church voted to allow an African American family to join, being the first Southern Baptist Church in Memphis to do so.
During the 1980s, the church began ordaining women to the diaconate.
During July 1994, Rev. Dr. Earl C. Davis led approximately half of the church membership to plant Trinity Baptist Church, in Cordova.
During 2001, the church ordained a lifelong member of the church, Rev. Dr. Carol McCall-Richardson to the pastorate. She served as the church's associate pastor until her retirement in 2012.
# Muir Glacier

Muir Glacier is a glacier in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve in the U.S. state of Alaska. It is currently about 0.7 km (0.43 mi) wide at the terminus. As recently as the mid-1980s the glacier was a tidewater glacier and calved icebergs from a wall of ice 90 m (200 feet) tall.
The glacier is named after Scottish-born naturalist John Muir, who traveled around the area and wrote about it, generating interest in the local environment and in its preservation. His first two visits were in 1879 (at age 41) and 1880. During the visits, he sent an account of his visits in installments to the San Francisco Bulletin. Later, he collected and edited these installments in a book, Travels in Alaska, published in 1915, the year after he died.

## Retreat

Muir Glacier has undergone very rapid, well-documented retreat since its Little Ice Age maximum position at the mouth of Glacier Bay around 1780. In 1794, the explorer Captain George Vancouver found that most of Glacier Bay was covered by an enormous ice sheet, some 1,200 meters (3,900 ft) in places.
In 1904 the glacier reportedly "broke through the mountains" with Pyramid Peak to the west and Mt. Wright and Mount Case to the east.
From 1892 to approximately 1980, it had retreated nearly 32 kilometers (20 mi). Between 1941 and 2004, the glacier retreated more than 12 kilometers (7.5 mi) and thinned by over 800 meters (2,600 ft). Ocean water has filled the valley replacing the ice and creating Muir Inlet.
The 1941 image shows the Muir Glacier as a tidewater glacier, prominently up to 700m thick, with its terminus visible on the lower right corner of the photo, well connected to its tributary, the Riggs Glacier, visible in the upper right part of the photo.
By 1950, the Muir Glacier had retreated by more than 3 km and had thinned by more than 100m but remained connected to the Riggs Glacier.
By 2004, the Muir Glacier had retreated further inland, and its terminus was no longer visible in the photograph. The Riggs Glacier had also undergone significant changes, retreating by 0.25km and becoming disconnected from the Muir Glacier. Vegetation began to dominate the landscape where ice once prevailed.
# Andrews plot

In data visualization, an Andrews plot or Andrews curve is a way to visualize structure in high-dimensional data. It is basically a rolled-down, non-integer version of the Kent–Kiviat radar m chart, or a smoothed version of a parallel coordinate plot. It is named after the statistician David F. Andrews.
A value $x$ is a high-dimensional datapoint if it is an element of $\mathbb {R} ^{d}$. We can represent high-dimensional data with a number for each of their dimensions, $x=\left\{x_{1},x_{2},\ldots ,x_{d}\right\}$. To visualize them, the Andrews plot defines a finite Fourier series:
    $f_{x}(t)={\frac {x_{1}}{\sqrt {2}}}+x_{2}\sin(t)+x_{3}\cos(t)+x_{4}\sin(2t)+x_{5}\cos(2t)+\cdots$
This function is then plotted for $-\pi <t<\pi$. Thus each data point may be viewed as a line between $-\pi$ and $\pi$. This formula can be thought of as the projection of the data point onto the vector:
    $\left({\frac {1}{\sqrt {2}}},\sin(t),\cos(t),\sin(2t),\cos(2t),\ldots \right)$
If there is structure in the data, it may be visible in the Andrews curves of the data.
These curves have been utilized in fields as different as biology, neurology, sociology and semiconductor manufacturing. Some of their uses include the quality control of products, the detection of period and outliers in time series, the visualization of learning in artificial neural networks, and correspondence analysis.
Theoretically, it is possible to project them onto an n-sphere. The projection onto the circle results in the aforementioned radar chart.
# Emmanouil Argyropoulos

Emmanouil Argyropoulos (Greek: Εμμανουήλ Αργυρόπουλος; 1889 – 4 April 1913) was a Greek pioneer aviator of the early 20th century. Apart from being the first Greek aviator who performed a flight over his homeland, he also became the first casualty of Greek military aviation.

## First flight in Greece

Argyropoulos, originally a civil engineer, abandoned his profession and went to Paris in order to study aeronautics. At the end of January 1912, he acquired his pilot license and returned to Greece together with a privately owned Nieuport IV.G 50-hp aircraft. On 8 February 1912, Argyropoulos became the first Greek aviator to perform a flight in Greece, an event that was widely commented upon in the local press. After taking off from the Rouf district of Athens, he performed a 16-minute-long flight around the city, including an overflight of the Acropolis. An hour later he carried out a second flight, this time with Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos as his passenger. Venizelos, was enthusiastic about the concept of aerial warfare, and stated that Greece should immediately take advantage of this newly invented weapon.

## Balkan Wars and death

When the Balkan Wars broke out in October 1912, he joined the military aviation with the rank of Lieutenant. On 4 April 1913, during a reconnaissance mission, his aircraft, a captured Ottoman Blériot XI, fell from a height of 600 m. while flying over the Langadas region near Thessaloniki. Both Argyropoulos and his passenger, the athlete and poet Konstantinos Manos, were killed. Argyropoulos thus became the first loss of Greek military aviation, and marked the end of air activities in the Balkan Wars.
# Battle of El Salado (1869)

The Battle of El Salado occurred on January 7, 1869, during the Ten Years' War, near Salado River and the Salado settlement (Spanish: El Salado), in the municipality of Río Cauto, Granma Province, in Cuba.

## History

In the wake of the Battle of Bonilla and the retreat of Spanish troops to San Miguel de Bagá, Blas Villate, tasked with suppressing the rebellion, remained stationed while waiting for additional reinforcements. With his forces bolstered, Villate's column headed towards Eastern Cuba to reclaim Bayamo, while enduring ongoing harassment from the mambises of Camagüey. Once his march crossed through the territory of Camagüey, he faced harassment from forces in Las Tunas.
Cuban general Donato Mármol's forces were ordered from Santiago de Cuba to Bayamo to prevent Blas Villate, Count of Valmaseda's march on Bayamo. The Spanish column, comprising approximately 3,000 troops from all three branches of the Spanish military and supported by four pieces of artillery, was equipped with Peabody rifles for its infantry. In contrast, Donato Mármol led a force of around 4,000 men, most of whom were poorly armed, with some carrying machetes while the majority had no weapons.
The Spanish column set out from Las Tunas, reaching Las Arenas on the 6th, before proceeding towards the Salado River. Mármol, instead of waiting for the enemy at the Cauto River and taking advantage of its natural defense, advanced to meet them at El Salado.
Mármol aimed to trap and destroy Valmaseda's army by adopting the tactics previously employed by Generals Francisco Vicente Aguilera and Modesto Díaz at Guabatuabo. He positioned his defenses at El Salado, near Guamo Embarcadero, around 30 miles from Bayamo, ready for the enemy's arrival.

## The Battle

On January 7, 1869, at the Salado River, the passage of the Spanish column was contested by a force of 4000 men led by Gen. Donato Mármol. Gen. Valmaseda, leveraging his superior experience, outflanked Donato Mármol and surprised the main body of the Cuban forces, resulting in a complete rout. The machete-wielding men charged between the cannons who had opened fire in defense, resulting in heavy losses and the capture of two flags.

## Aftermath

Mármol retreated to the left bank of the Cauto River, leaving behind the dead and wounded. Villate continued with his army along the river bank and finally succeeded in crossing the Cauto. When informed of the approaching Spanish forces, Cuban Colonel Pío Rosado ordered Antonio Maceo to organize an ambush. Maceo, on January 8, 1869, defended the Cuban retreat with relentless commitment, securing every section of the terrain.
Unlikely to withstand the siege by the Spanish General, the Cubans decided on January 11, 1869, to abandon and carry out the Burning of Bayamo.
Gen. Mármol was frustrated with Carlos Manuel de Céspedes, whom he blamed for his defeat at El Salado. This resulted in Mármol's declaration as Dictator, but Francisco Vicente Aguilera stabilized things at a January 29, 1869 meeting in Tacajó. Mármol had returned to his area after the battles at El Salado.
# Pathway Academy

Pathways Academy is a Charter School located in Jacksonville, Florida, part of the Duval County Public Schools. It is located in the Downtown Campus of Florida State College at Jacksonville at 101 W. State Street, Suite 3001, which is on the top floor at the college. This school is accredited with Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS).

## Graduation Rates

* 2006 to 2007: 9 Students Graduating with Exit High School Diplomas.
* 2007 to 2008: 25 Students Graduating with Exit High School Diplomas.
* 2008-2009: 37 Students Graduating with Exit High School Diplomas.
* 2009-2010: 45 Students Graduating with Exit High School Diplomas.

## Programs

* Automotive
* Aviation Mechanics
* Building Construction
* Child Care
* Cosmetology
* Distribution
* Fire Science
* Health Care
* Law Enforcement
* Massage Therapy
* Transportation
# Harry Lewis (footballer, born 2004)

Harry James Lewis (born 9 January 2004) is an English professional footballer who plays as a midfielder.

## Playing career

Born in Scunthorpe, Lewis joined Scunthorpe United at under-13 level from Appleby-Frodingham. He made his debut in the English Football League on 1 January 2022, coming on as a 63rd-minute substitute for Ryan Loft in a 1–0 defeat to Carlisle United at Glanford Park. He signed a two-year professional contract (with the club retaining the option of a further 12-months) with the "Iron" in January 2022, which was due to begin six months later.
On 7 October 2022, Lewis joined Northern Premier League Premier Division club Gainsborough Trinity on an initial one month loan deal. Lewis returned to Scunthorpe on 7 December, joining National League North club Boston United for a month the following day. Upon the expiration of this loan, he returned to Gainsborough Trinity for a further month.
Following his release by Scunthorpe, Lewis signed for non-league side Cleethorpes Town. In January 2024, he departed the club in order to play football in Australia for a season.

## Statistics

    As of match played 6 January 2024
| Club | Season | League | League | League | FA Cup | FA Cup | EFL Cup | EFL Cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Scunthorpe United | 2021–22 | EFL League Two | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 0 |
| Scunthorpe United | 2022–23 | National League | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Scunthorpe United | Total | Total | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 0 |
| Gainsborough Trinity (loan) | 2022–23 | Northern Premier League Premier Division | 11 | 2 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 2 | 0 | 13 | 2 |
| Boston United (loan) | 2022–23 | National League North | 4 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
| Cleethorpes Town | 2023–24 | Northern Premier League Division One East | 17 | 3 | 5 | 1 | — | — | 2 | 0 | 24 | 4 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 43 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 52 | 6 |
* ↑ Appearance(s) in FA Trophy
* ↑ One appearance in FA Trophy and one appearance in Lincolnshire Senior Cup
# Killer Heels

Killer Heels (Killer Heels: The Art of the High-Heeled Shoe) was a blockbuster exhibition that ran at the Brooklyn Museum from September 10, 2014 – March 1, 2015.
The exhibition displayed high-heeled footwear, for men and women, as art objects. The New York Times called the exhibition, "mesmerizing, disturbing but undeniably consummate." The Museum extended the extremely popular show an additional 2 weeks beyond the scheduled closing date.
The curator was Lisa Small, who also edited a well-received illustrated book on the topic, "Killer Heels: The Art of the High-Heeled Shoe. Photographer Steven Klein collaborated on the exhibit.
Killer Heels was also presented later at:
* Albuquerque Museum of Art and History in 2015,
* Frick Art & Historical Center in Pittsburgh in 2016,
* Currier Museum of Art in New Hampshire.
# Di Da Di (And So the Story Goes)

"Di Da Di (And So the Story Goes)" is a song by Danish singer-songwriter Maria Montell, released in 1997 by Epic as the first single from the singer's second album, And So the Story Goes. Originally released in Danish in 1996, as "Imens hun sang (Di Da Di)" ("While She Was Singing (Di Da Di)", the song was re-released worldwide with the new title "Di Da Di (And So the Story Goes)" and later just as "Di Da Di". Outside Denmark, it is her most successful song and a huge hit in Spain, where it peaked at number five. It was also a hit in Belgium, Finland, Greece and Iceland. There has been sold 1,8 million singles of the song.

## Track listing

* CD single, Denmark (1996)
* "Imens hun sang (Di Da Di)" — 3:14
* CD single, Denmark (1997)
* "And So the Story Goes..." (Original Version) — 4:19
* "And So the Story Goes..." (Adventure Mix) — 3:51
* "And So the Story Goes..." (Rising Sun Adventure Mix) — 6:07
* CD single, Denmark (1997)
* "Di Da Di (And So the Story Goes...)" — 4:21
* "Di Da Di (Una Historia Mas...)" — 4:21
* CD maxi, Denmark (1997)
* "Di Da Di" (And So the Story Goes...)" — 4:21
* "Di Da Di" (Una Historia Mas)" (Radio Edit) — 3:27
* "Di Da Di" (Alternative Radio Mix) — 3:20
* "Di Da Di" (12" Club Mix) (Radio Version) — 5:20
* "Di Da Di" (Alternative Radio Mix) (Spanish) — 3:20
* "Di Da Di" (12" Club Mix) (Radio Version – Spanish) — 5:14

## Charts

| Chart (1997) | Peak position |
| Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders) | 50 |
| Finland (Suomen virallinen lista) | 16 |
| Iceland (Íslenski Listinn Topp 40) | 35 |
| Spain (AFYVE) | 5 |
# Chord diagram (information visualization)

A chord diagram is a graphical method of displaying the inter-relationships between data in a matrix. The data are arranged radially around a circle with the relationships between the data points typically drawn as arcs connecting the data.
The format can be aesthetically pleasing, making it a popular choice in the world of data visualization.
The primary use of chord diagrams is to show the flows or connections between several entities (called nodes). Each entity is represented by a fragment (often colored or pattered) along the circumference of the circle. Arcs are drawn between entities to show flows (and exchanges in economics). The thickness of the arc is proportional to the significance of the flow.

## Name

Chord diagrams get their name from terminology used in geometry. A chord of a circle is a geometric line segment whose endpoints both lie on the circle. Chord diagrams are also known as radial network diagrams and may sometimes be referred to as a type of circular layout.

## Hierarchical edge bundling

While a small amount of data could be represented in a circular diagram using straight lines to show the interconnections, a diagram featuring numerous lines would quickly become illegible. To reduce the visual complexity, chord diagrams employ a technique called hierarchical edge bundling.

## Common usages

Chord diagrams are useful for showing relationships between entities and their relative magnitudes in comparison to alternative arcs. As a result, chord diagrams are popular in migration studies, economic flows, and genome studies. They have also been used to highlight unexplored relationships to help address the problem of filter bubbles.
# Sinsinwar

Sinsinwar is an Indian clan of Jats mainly found in the state of Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Haryana. The name Sinsinwar is derived from the village Sinsini in Bharatpur, Rajasthan. Rulers of the Bharatpur state belong to this clan such as Maharaja Suraj Mal.

## Etymology

The word Sinsinwar was originated from the name of village Sinsini, to which ancestral lineage of Bharatpur rulers belong.

## Mythological origin

The Sinsinwar rulers of the Bharatpur dynasty claimed their descent from Balchand, a Yaduvanshi Rajput of Jadaun clan. Balchand's wife was infertile, so he had two sons named Vijje and Sijje with a Jat concubine whom he had captured during one of his usual plundering raids. His sons became Jats and adopted Sinsinwar as their gotra based on the village of Sinsini after being rejected as Rajputs. Historian Ram Pande notes several issues when examining the veracity of this legend: Sinsini had never been part of Karauli State, the caste of a child is not based on the mother's caste, and they would have become Darogas when rejected as Rajputs instead of Jats. Ram Pande states that this legend was created "to show superiority of Sinsinwar Jats over other Jats."

## List of notable persons

This list includes some notable persons from Sinsinwar clan.
* Rajaram of Sinsini, chieftain of Sinsini in Bharatpur.
* Badan Singh, Founder and first Maharaja of Bharatpur State.
* Suraj Mal, Maharaja of Bharatpur State.
* Vishvendra Singh, Indian politician and former cabinet minister in Government of Rajasthan.
* Jawahar Singh, Maharaja of Bharatpur State.
* Churaman, chieftain of Sinsini in Bharatpur.