OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Inclosure Act 1773

The Inclosure Act 1773 (13 Geo. 3. c. 81) (also known as the Enclosure Act 1773) is an Act of the Parliament of the Kingdom of Great Britain, passed during the reign of George III. The Act is still in force in the United Kingdom. It created a law that enabled enclosure of land, at the same time removing the right of commoners' access.

## Effect

The act required the procedure to start with a petition delivered to Parliament signed by the landowner, tithe holders and a majority of people affected. The petition then went through the stages of a bill with a committee meeting to hear any objections. The petition would then go through to royal assent after passing through both Houses of Parliament. Commissioners would then visit the area and distribute the land accordingly.
The powers granted in the Inclosure Act were often abused by landowners: the preliminary meetings where enclosure was discussed, intended to be held in public, were often made in the presence of only the local landowners. They regularly chose their own solicitors, surveyors and commissioners to decide on each case. In 1774, Parliament added an amendment to the act under the standing orders that every petition for enclosure had to be affixed to the door of the local church for three consecutive Sundays in August or September.
The act eventually limited the amount of traffic on culverted paths as they often fell within land that was to be enclosed. This often meant that traffic eventually stopped going along certain routes, such as the path above the culverted Shit Brook in Much Wenlock.
# Pisoniviricetes

Pisoniviricetes is a class of positive-strand RNA viruses which infect eukaryotes. A characteristic of the group is a conserved 3C-like protease from the PA clan of proteases for processing the translated polyprotein. The name of the group is a portmanteau of member orders "picornavirales, sobelivirales, nidovirales" and -viricetes which is the suffix for a virus class.

## Orders

The following orders are recognized:
* Nidovirales
* Picornavirales
* Sobelivirales
# Ann Budge

Ann Cochrane Cook Wallace Budge (born 21 February 1948) is a Scottish businesswoman and company director.

## Career

Budge graduated with a psychology degree, and became the first woman appointed to a senior position in Scottish & Newcastle after starting her career there as a trainee programmer. After leaving F International – now Xansa – Budge set up business working from home, and teaming up with Allison Newell in 1985, launched Newell & Budge, which specialised in making bespoke software and IT systems. It was sold to the French IT company Sopra Group for a reported £30 million, and Budge became a chief executive.

## Recognition

Budge was awarded "Entrepreneur of the Year" by the Entrepreneurial Exchange in 2005 and was then inducted into the Entrepreneurial Exchange Hall of Fame in November 2013. She is listed as a role model by the Women's Engineering Society.
She is an honorary graduate of Heriot-Watt University and Edinburgh Napier University.

## Football

Budge was disclosed as being the sole director of BIDCO 1874, a consortium trying to buy Edinburgh-based football club Hearts out of administration, in early 2014. A majority shareholding in the club, which was previously owned by Lithuanian businesses run by Vladimir Romanov, was sold to BIDCO 1874 in May 2014. Budge made several changes at the club immediately after taking control, including the appointment of Craig Levein as director of football and Robbie Neilson as head coach.
In 2016, Budge was awarded the Scottish Professional Football League CEO of the Year award.
# Jack Reeves (rugby union)

Jack Reeves (born 5 May 2000) is an English rugby union player who plays centre or wing for New England Free Jacks in Major League Rugby

## Career

Reeves originally took up rugby at five years old and was coached by his father at Dursley RFC before joining Gloucester Academy in 2014. He helped Hartpury University win the AASE Championship title in December 2017.
In March 2018 Reeves started for England U18 against Wales. The following year saw him feature in the 2019 Six Nations Under 20s Championship.
In October 2018 Reeves made his club debut for Gloucester in a 31–7 victory over Wasps in the Premiership Rugby Cup. He spent the 2022 Major League Rugby season on loan with American side New England Free Jacks for further development. In November 2022 Reeves made his first Premiership start against Sale Sharks and later that season in March 2023 extended his contract to stay at Kingsholm.
In January 2025 it was announced that Reeves would return to the New England Free Jacks this time on a permanent basis.
# Inda, Estonia

Inda is a village in Märjamaa Parish, Rapla County in western Estonia.
# Waldo (footballer)

Waldo Machado da Silva (9 September 1934 – 25 February 2019), known simply as Waldo, was a Brazilian footballer who played as a forward.
He was best known for his time at Fluminense, where he was the top scorer in the club's history with 319 goals in 403 matches, and Valencia.

## Club career

Waldo was born in Niterói, Rio de Janeiro. After joining Madureira Esporte Clube's youth setup in the early 1950s, he made his debut as a senior in 1953.
On 11 April 1954, Waldo signed for Fluminense FC, and was the top scorer of all tournaments which his team won. In the 1957 edition of the Torneio Rio – São Paulo, he was one of the most important players as Flu were crowned champions without losing a game.
Waldo left Fluminense on 1 July 1961 with a record of 319 goals in only 403 matches, the club's all-time scorer. He immediately moved to La Liga's Valencia CF, signing as a replacement for his compatriot Walter Marciano who had just died at the age of 29 in a car accident after a friendly between the two sides.
Waldo made his debut in the Spanish top division on 3 September 1961, in a 3–0 away loss against Real Zaragoza. He scored his first two goals for the club six days later, in a 3–0 home win over Real Oviedo.
On 19 November 1961, Waldo scored four times in a 6–2 home rout of FC Barcelona, and finished his first season abroad with 14 goals from 30 appearances. On 12 June 1963, he equalised as Valencia came from behind to win 2–1 at GNK Dinamo Zagreb in the first leg of the Fairs Cup final (4–1 on aggregate).
Waldo netted a career-best 24 league goals in the 1966–67 campaign, and started in the 2–1 Spanish Cup final victory against Athletic Bilbao on 2 July 1967. He represented the Che until 1970, scoring 157 goals in 294 competitive matches.
In summer 1970, Waldo joined Valencian Community neighbours Hércules CF. He retired after one season in the Segunda División, at the age of 36.

## International career

Waldo earned five caps for Brazil and scored two goals, being a part of the squad that won the 1960 Taça do Atlântico.

## Personal life and death

Waldo's younger brother, Wanderley, was also a footballer and a forward. He spent most of his career with Levante UD and CD Málaga, and the pair were teammates at Hércules.
On 25 February 2019, after five years battling with Alzheimer's disease, Waldo died in Burjassot at the age of 84. Wanderley also died of the same disease a year later.

## Career statistics

    Scores and results list Brazil's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Waldo goal.
List of international goals scored by Waldo :
| No. | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1 | 29 June 1960 | Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | Chile | 3–0 | 4–0 | Superclásico de las Américas |
| 2 | 29 June 1960 | Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | Chile | 4–0 | 4–0 | Superclásico de las Américas |

## Honours

Fluminense
* Campeonato Carioca: 1959
* Torneio Rio-São Paulo: 1957, 1960
Valencia
* Inter-Cities Fairs Cup: 1961–62, 1962–63
* Copa del Generalísimo: 1966–67
Brazil
* Taça do Atlântico: 1960
Individual
* Pichichi Trophy: 1966–67
# Derek Vonberg

Derek Vonberg CBE (1921–2015) was a British electrical engineer, radio astronomer, and medical research scientist.
Vonberg studied at Imperial College. In 1942, he worked at the Telecommunications Research Establishment (TRE) in Malvern, on the development of RADAR. After the war, he joined the Cavendish Laboratory in 1945, where he worked with Martin Ryle.
In the late 1940s, Vonberg joined the Cyclotron Group at Hammersmith Hospital.
# PlayOK

PlayOK, also known as kurnik ("chicken coop"), is a website of classic board and card games to play online against live opponents in real-time. It was created in 2001 by Marek Futrega, and was initially a Polish-only website. As of early 2005 it supported over 30 board and card games, and the site is available in 33 languages so far.

## History

It is the most popular on-line board game website in Poland.
Since 7 October 2004 all game rules at Kurnik's web pages are available under the Creative Commons attribution-noncommercial licence.
Other interesting technical solutions:
* Since 2012 all games are HTML5-based with support for mobile devices after migrating from Java applets
* The service collects extensive player statistics and maintains a complete archive of games played in the last 6 months. Games can be replayed or downloaded in popular formats (PGN, PBN, SGF and others).
* Fully automated online tournaments including private ones (organised by users).
* Guest mode for playing or observing games.
According to a gemiusTraffic research, in December 2004 the website was visited by 1.2 million unique users. The Polish version has about 100.000 registered users and, as of January 2007, an Alexa Internet ranking of around 1,200.
Until 1 May 2002 Scrabble was also available at Kurnik, under the name Szkrable. After a threat of legal action from Cronix, the company with the rights to Internet versions of the game, Kurnik developed a similar game called "Literaxx" (Literaki ;-) in Polish), which differed from Scrabble only because of a different board, but Cronix considered these changes too minor for it not to be a copyright violation. Marek Futrega then developed Literaki ;-) into a new word-based game with different rules than Scrabble. The Literaki ;-) rules are public domain. Similarly, a free equivalent of Monopoly, "Blogpoly" (Netopol in Polish) is also available.
As of April 5, 2008, Kurnik.org changed its name to playok.com.
On February 27, 2022, to support Ukraine, which was invaded by Russia, playok.com marked the Ukrainian flag on its homepage.

## Games available

* Chess
* Checkers
* Dice
* Dominoes
* Draughts
* Go
* Gomoku
* 3-5-8
* Barbu-king
* Bridge
* Canasta
* Cribbage
* Durak
* Euchre
* Reversi
* Backgammon
* Ludo
* Mahjong
* Makruk
* Shogi
* Xiangqi
* Hex
* Paper soccer
* Gin rummy
* Hearts
* Oh hell
* Pan
* Pinochle
* Skat
* Spades
* Switch

## Dictionary

Kurnik is also a host for the biggest free software dictionary available for the Polish language. Collaboratively developed, it was initially meant to be just a tool to help validate moves in word-based games, but it subsequently replaced basically all other freely available dictionaries used in free software projects. The dictionary is dual-licensed under cc-sa and the GPL.
# Anthony Shavies

Anthony Shavies (born September 9, 1983) is an American former professional basketball player.

## Professional career

In his first two seasons Shavies played in Austria for Güssing Knights and Wörthersee Piraten. In 2007, he left for Panthers Fürstenfeld, he played with the Panthers for four straight seasons.
In the 2012–13 season he played for MBC Mykolaiv in Ukraine and averaged around 9 points per game.
In 2013 Shavies returned to Güssing, when he signed a one-year contract. He won the title with the Knights, after they beat Kapfenberg 3–2 in the Finals. Shavies was named Finals MVP for the second time in his career.
# Adisumarmo Airport Rail Link

Adisumarmo Airport Rail Link (Indonesian: Kereta api Bandara Internasional Adisumarmo) is an airport rail link service in Central Java, Indonesia. The service was built to cut travel time from Surakarta city center to Adisumarmo International Airport. It is operated by Kereta Api Indonesia (KAI) because its subsidiary KAI Bandara doesn't have stakes owned by Angkasa Pura I.
The Adisumarmo ARS is the fourth airport rail link in Indonesia connecting passengers between the city centre and airport after Kualanamu ARS, Soekarno–Hatta ARS and Minangkabau ARS. The train line between Adisoemarmo International Airport station and Solo Balapan opened on 29 December 2019. The trains are manufactured by INKA.

## Background

A new railway is being constructed to the airport. The 13.5-kilometre (8.4 mi) airport rail will connect Solo Balapan Station to Adi Soemarmo Airport. Construction of the airport rail line consists of two segments: segment 1, from Solo Balapan Station to Solo Baru Station along 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi) which is the existing railway track. Meanwhile, segment 2, starting from Solo Baru Station to Adi Sumarmo Airport along the 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) to be built new railway line. By using this airport train, the distance from Solo to Adi Sumarmo Airport will only take about 15 minutes. The airport railway opened on 29 December 2019.

## Stations

| Number | Station | Transfer/Notes | Location |
| AS01 JS02 Y06 | Klaten | Terminal station Intercity trains KRL Commuterline Yogyakarta–Solo Ir. Soekarno Bus Terminal (via short walk) | Klaten Regency |
| AS02 Y10 BK01 | Purwosari | Intercity trains KRL Commuterline Yogyakarta–Solo Batara Kresna Railbus Batik Solo Trans: Line 2 (Purwosari) Sepur Kluthuk Jaladara | Surakarta |
| AS03 JS01 Y11 | Solo Balapan | Intercity trains KRL Commuterline Yogyakarta–Solo Batik Solo Trans: Line 2 (Balapan) Line 4 (Terminal Tirtonadi, via skybridge) Tirtonadi Bus Terminal (via skybridge) | Surakarta |
| AS04 | Kadipiro | Trans Jateng: Line S1 (Stasiun Kadipiro) | Surakarta |
| AS05 | Adisoemarmo International Airport | Terminal station Adisumarmo International Airport Batik Solo Trans: Line 1 (Bandara) | Boyolali Regency |
# Nikolaos Gousios

Nikolaos Gousios (Greek: Νικόλαος Γούσιος) was a Greek chieftain of the Macedonian Struggle.

## Biography

Gousios was born in the 1880s in Demir hisar, then Ottoman Empire (now Sidirokastro, Greece) of Serres. He set up an armed group that was active until 1906 in the area of Sintiki, Serres and Petrich. From 1906 to 1907, he cooperated with the bodies of Doukas Gaitatzis and Stergios Vlachveis as the leader of his own group. He took part in many operations against Bulgarian groups operating in the region. After 1908, he was placed as a teacher at the Greek School of Starchevo, having as mission the information about the movements of the Bulgarians in the region. He was often imprisoned by the Ottoman authorities for his actions. With the outbreak of the First Balkan War, he rushed to be a volunteer.

## Sources & References

* Αρχείο Διεύθυνσης Εφέδρων Πολεμιστών Αγωνιστών Θυμάτων Αναπήρων (ΔΕΠΑΘΑ), Αρχείο Μακεδονικού Αγώνα, φ. Γ-241
* John S. Koliopoulos (editor), Αφανείς, γηγενείς Μακεδονομάχοι, Εταιρεία Μακεδονικών Σπουδών, University Studio Press, Thessaloniki, 2008, p. 158
# Lewis Mills (rugby league)

Lewis Mills (born 30 May 1989) is a Wales international rugby league footballer who played for the Crusaders in the Super League. He signed for the Crusaders, then Celtic Crusaders in 2008, after coming through the youth ranks at the Newport Titans. Mills' position of preference is prop. Mills made his Super League début in 2009's Super League XIV, coming off the bench in a round 24 loss away to Wakefield Trinity Wildcats. He played on three more occasions, all of which were substitute appearances. Mills also gained national honours, playing for his native Wales in their European Cup success in 2009. Mills was dual registered with the South Wales Scorpions in the Championship 1 during the 2010 season before signing for the Scorpions in January 2011.

## Background

Lewis Mills was born in Cardiff, Glamorgan, Wales.
# Lawton blackberry

The Lawton blackberry (often referred to as New Rochelle and Seacor's Mammoth) originated in the village of New Rochelle in New York, and was the first widely cultivated variety of blackberry in the United States. It was either an accidental seedling from a wild variety of blackberry, or possibly a sort accidentally brought to this country by the French Huguenots who settled New Rochelle in 1688. The fruit-bearing bush is from the genus Rubus, in the rose family, and bears large berries that grow to about an inch long.
The first plant was discovered in 1834 by Lewis Seacor, who noticed the plant growing wild in a field owned by neighbor Frederick Prime. Seacor was initially drawn to the fruit on account of its large size and rich flavor and, in 1838, he removed some of the plants to his garden and began their cultivation. Several years later he began distributing plants to neighbors and townspeople whose interest in the new fruit helped spread its notoriety. Throughout the region the blackberry became commonly known as"Seacor's Mammoth". In 1848, George Seymour & Co., of Norwalk, Ct., nurserymen, obtained some plants and began working to increase their stock before advertising the new berry to the general public. At the same time, William Lawton, also of New Rochelle, obtained his first plants and spent the next several years working on their propagation. In 1853, Lawton showed the berries at a meeting of the "American Farmers' Club", stating that while he did not know who initially discovered the plant and brought it into garden culture, it was found on the roadside and thence introduced into neighboring gardens. The Farmers' Club passed a vote of thanks to Mr. Lawton, and named the fruit the "Lawton Blackberry".
Individuals in New Rochelle, acquainted with the blackberry, knew of its discovery by Seacor and referred to the plant as "Seacor's" or "Seacor's Mammoth". It was also well known that Mr. Prince, owner of the farm where the fruit was found, actually destroyed many of the original bushes while making improvements to the property without knowing anything of their existence, and, was it not for Seacor's efforts, the fruit would have become extinct.
# 1890 Ayr Burghs by-election

The 1890 Ayr Burghs by-election was a parliamentary by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Ayr Burghs in 1890. The seat had become vacant when the sitting Liberal Party Member of Parliament John Sinclair retired.
The Conservative candidate, James Somervell won the seat.

## The result

By-election, 1890: Ayr Burghs :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | James Somervell | 2,610 | 51.3 | −12.8 |
| | Liberal | E. Routledge | 2,480 | 48.7 | +12.8 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 130 | 2.6 | N/A |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 5,090 | 87.8 | +11.3 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 5,798 | | |
| | Conservative gain from Liberal | Conservative gain from Liberal | Swing | −12.8 | |
# Diadelia parobliquata

Diadelia parobliquata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Breuning in 1975.
# Pettaquamscutt Rock

41°28′16″N 71°27′16″W﻿ / ﻿41.4710°N 71.4545°W﻿ / 41.4710; -71.4545 Pettaquamscutt Rock (pet-uh-KWAHM-skit; also known as Treaty Rock) is a rock formation (pillar) in the town of South Kingstown in the U.S. state of Rhode Island. The rock was the scene of 17th-century treaties between white settlers and the Narragansetts.
# Nancy Bates

Nancy Bates may refer to:
* Nancy Bates (journalist) (born 1948), New Zealand-born Australian community advocate and retired journalist
* Nancy Bates (singer), Australian singer-songwriter, 2025 Adelaide Fringe Ambassador
* Nancy Bates (statistician), American statistician
# Mokoliʻi

Mokoliʻi (pronounced), also known as Chinaman's Hat, is a basalt islet in Kāneʻohe Bay, Hawaii. Mokoliʻi is part of Kualoa Regional Park and located 1⁄3 mile (0.54 km) offshore of Kualoa Point, Oahu. The 12.5-acre (5.1 ha) islet was at one time part of a basaltic ridge on Oahu before marine erosion separated it.

## Etymology

Mokoliʻi translates from Hawaiian as "little lizard." "Moko” is an older form of the word "mo’o" and means "lizard" or dragon-like creature; "li’i" means "small" or "tiny." According to the Pele epic in Hawaiian mythology, while the goddess Hiʻiaka was traveling to retrieve Pele's lover, Hi’iaka killed an evil giant lizard at Kuala. Part of its body fell into the bay and became Mokoli’i: the island is the tip of the tail sticking out of the water. The closest land on the main island is Hakipu’u, which bears the broken spine of the lizard, with "haki" meaning to break or broken and “Pu’u” meaning the hill or back.
The alternative name, Chinaman's Hat, derives from a comparison of its shape to the Asian conical hat. Of this alternative name, scholar kuʻualoha hoʻomanawanui has written: "It completely erases the Native perspective of the ‘āina as mo’o, a living entity that Hi’iaka—a female, no less—overpowers…Mokoli’i doesn’t exist in isolation as 'Chinaman's Hat' does." A resolution was introduced at the Hawaii State Legislature in 2007, requesting that the Hawaii Tourism Authority discourage the use of the name "Chinaman's Hat" in favor of Mokoliʻi, noting that the name "Chinaman's Hat" "has no historical or cultural significance" and "is offensive to many people of Chinese ancestry." The resolution did not pass the legislature.

## Flora and fauna

Both wildlife and plants of Mokoliʻi have been affected by the presence of non-native species, in particular the black rat and yellow crazy ant. Although other species of birds previously nested there, the wedge-tailed shearwater is the only species of bird that nests on Mokoliʻi. Seventy-two species of plants have been identified, the majority of which are invasive non-native species. Native plants thrive in the coastal margins and include ahu awa (Cyperus javanicus), naupaka (Scaevola taccada), and ilima (Sida fallax). Invasive plants which dominate the slopes are Lantana camara, Spanish needles (Bidens alba var. radiata), and christmasberry. The island was designated as a critical habitat for Carter's panicgrass (Panicum fauriei var. carteri) by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) in 1983. In 2002, the USFWS initiated a program to eradicate rats from Mokoliʻi.

## History

The U. S. Exploring Expedition of 1840 drew up a chart of Kaneohe Bay Harbor where it labeled Mokoliʻi as "Namu Island".
Mokoliʻi was under private ownership until the 1970s, when the City and County of Honolulu purchased it.

## Access

Mokoliʻi is owned by the City and County of Honolulu and is protected by state and federal park regulations. It is open to the public from dawn to dusk. It can be accessed by kayak, boat, surfboard, or by swimming, or wading at low tide. There is also a 20-minute hike to the top of the island.