OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Beverly Blair Cook

Beverly Blair Cook (December 10, 1926 – January 18, 2008) was an American professor and political scientist. She is best known for her work regarding judicial behavior, public opinion and judicial decisions, and the selection of female judges.

## Education

Cook received a B.A. degree in political science from Wellesley College in 1948 and an M.A. degree from University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1949. After a brief period in which she raised her first four children, she resumed her studies and received a Ph.D. from Claremont Graduate University in 1962.

## Career

Cook taught political science at Iowa State University from 1949 to 1950. After receiving her Ph.D., she taught at California State University, Fullerton until 1966, where she earned tenure. She published a book the next year, The Judicial Process in California, which connected the judicial process to the political process.
In 1967, she transferred to the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee. There, she taught briefly in the School of Social Welfare before joining the Department of Political Science, where she was a professor from 1970 to 1989 and a professor emerita from then on.
In the 1970s, she contributed greatly to the study of judicial socialization. She studied and wrote about the impact of institutional socialization practices in court systems. In particular, she looked at state and federal courts, not just the U.S. Supreme Court, which was the focus of many of her academic peers. In 1977, she began to gather data about women who served as judges. She used this data to populate a groundbreaking database of every female state and federal judge. Using this data, she wrote about the factors that enable women to become judges, including gatekeepers who take women candidates seriously.
She served on the Board of Overseers for the National Science Foundation's project on the U.S. Supreme Court, which culminated in the United States Supreme Court Judicial Database, which has remained in continuous use.
In 1979, she co-founded the National Association of Women Judges (NAWJ). Their numbers grew, and in 1980, Cook led the NAWJ in attending a special tour of the U.S. Supreme Court. At the time, there were no women among the Supreme Court justices. The crowd of NAWJ members in the building so affected Chief Justice Warren E. Burger that, one month after their visit, the Court dropped "Mr." (in reference to justices) from its official record-keeping practices. (A year later, Sandra Day O'Connor became the first woman to serve on the U.S. Supreme Court.)
After retiring, Cook continued to write essays on legal matters, including on U.S. Supreme Court Decisions. In 2000, Cook received the Lifetime Achievement Award from the American Political Science Association's Law and Courts section.
# Vithala R. Rao

Vithala R. Rao is the Deane Malott Professor of Management and Professor of Marketing and Quantitative Methods at Samuel Curtis Johnson Graduate School of Management, Cornell University.

## Books

* Applied Conjoint Analysis, 2014
* Applied Multidimensional Scaling: A Comparison of Alternative Approaches and Algorithms, (with P.E. Green), New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc., 1972.
# Kong Dongmei

Kong Dongmei (Chinese: 孔东梅; born 1 January 1972) is a Chinese entrepreneur. She is the granddaughter of Mao Zedong.

## Early life

Kong Dongmei was born in Shanghai on 1 January 1972, to Li Min, the daughter of Mao Zedong, and Kong Linghua. She was given her name Dongmei by Mao himself. Kong never met her grandfather in person and they only saw each other in pictures. She spent much of her childhood with her grandmother, He Zizhen, in Shanghai until her death in 1984.

## Education and entrepreneur career

In 1992, Kong was admitted to Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (now known as Beihang University), where she majored in English and American literature. In an interview, she recalled: "At that time, I fantasized about opening a small bookstore and living a petty bourgeois life of reading Hemingway’s novels, drinking coffee and raising a cat."
In 1996, she joined the then newly established Taikang Life Insurance Company and in 1999, she went to the United States to study at University of Pennsylvania, where she graduated with a major in international politics. After her graduation, she returned to China in 2001 and founded the Beijing Dongrun Juxiang Bookstore Co., Ltd. Located at 798 Art Zone, the bookstore sells literature and paraphernalia related to Mao Zedong and communism. During this time, she studied for her doctorate at Peking University.
In 2009, she visited Taiwan as part of a delegation from China to promote cultural and educational ties, and met with John Chiang, the grandson of former leader of the Republic of China Chiang Kai-shek. The meeting was then seen as a sign of the improvement of Cross-Strait relations. In 2013, Chinese magazine New Fortune published the '500 Rich List', which featured Kong Dongmei and her husband Chen Dongsheng and ranked them at 242nd position with an estimated 5 billion yuan ($815 million). Her inclusion prompted a debate among Chinese citizens, with some accusing her of betraying Mao's ideals.

## Personal life

In 1996, after joining the Taiking Life Insurance, Kong met the founder of the company Chen Dongsheng. The couple formally married in 2011 and they have three children.
# Val (Tábor District)

Val is a municipality and village in Tábor District in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.
Val lies approximately 33 kilometres (21 mi) south of Tábor, 28 km (17 mi) north-east of České Budějovice, and 109 km (68 mi) south of Prague.

## Administrative division

Val consists of two municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
* Val (169)
* Hamr (78)
# Ishiguro Tadanori

Tadanori Ishiguro (石黒 忠悳, Ishiguro Tadanori, 1845–1941) was the Japanese Army surgeon inspector general.

## Biography

He was born in Fukushima in 1845. He died in 1941 at the age of 96.
# Paddy Cadell

Patrick Cadell (born 1999) is an Irish hurler who plays for Tipperary Senior Championship club J.K. Bracken's and at inter-county level with the Tipperary senior hurling team. He usually lines out at midfield.

## Career

Cadell made his senior debut for Tipperary on 25 January 2020 in the opening round of the 2020 National Hurling League against Limerick in a 0-18 to 2-14 defeat.
He made his championship debut on 1 November 2020, coming on as a substitute in the second half of the 2-17 to 3-23 Munster semi-final defeat to Limerick.
On 12 February 2023, Cadell went off injured in the league match against Kilkenny and suffered a pivot shift injury to his left knee and missed the rest of the 2023 season.

## Honours
### Our Lady's Secondary School

* Dr. Croke Cup (1): 2017 (c)
* Dr. Harty Cup (1): 2017 (c)

### University College Cork

* Fitzgibbon Cup (1): 2020

### J.K. Bracken's

* Séamus Ó Riain Cup (1): 2019

### Tipperary

* All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship (1): 2019
* All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship (1): 2018
* All-Ireland Under-20 Hurling Championship (1): 2019
* Munster Under-20 Hurling Championship (1): 2019
* All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship (1): 2016
* Munster Minor Hurling Championship (1):2016
# Matías Córdoba (footballer, born 1984)

Matías Jesús Córdoba (born 7 October 1984 in Lanús) is an Argentine former football midfielder who formerly plays for some clubs, such as Argentinos Juniors, Real Salt Lake, Perth Glory F.C., Penang FA, and PS Barito Putera in his football careers.

## Career

Córdoba was formed in the storied youth ranks of Argentinos Juniors. He made his debut in the Primera Division Argentina with Argentinos Juniors in a 1–0 victory over Rosario Central on June 10, 2005. After spending three seasons at the club he was loaned to Club Atlético Tigre in 2007. Once his loan spell concluded, Argentinos Juniors loaned him out to MLS side Real Salt Lake.
Córdoba was later loaned to Quilmes on 2009, Monagas and San Martín de Tucumán on 2010 and currently he is loaned on the club Atlante F.C. of Mexico.

### Gabala FK

At the beginning January 2013, Córdoba had a trial with Gabala of the Azerbaijan Premier League., which he cut short in order to sign with A-League team Perth Glory FC.

### Perth Glory FC

On 8 March 2013, Cordoba scored his first goal for Glory, placing his shot across the keeper from outside the penalty box as Glory won 2–1 at the Newcastle Jets

### Oriente Petrolero, Deportes Naval, Club Atlético Brown, Alianza F.C.

After left Perth Glory FC Cordoba had a brief stint with Oriente Petrolero, Deportes Naval, Club Atlético Brown, Alianza F.C., before signing permanently for Penang FA to play in Malaysia.

### Penang FA

In November 2015, Cordoba signs for Malaysian side Penang FA, a professional association football club currently plays in the top division of Malaysian football, the Malaysia Super League. After a season with Penang FA, he parted ways after won the battle of relegation to stay top flight the following season.

### Barito Putra

In early 2017, Cordoba signs for Indonesian side PS Barito Putera, Indonesian football club based in Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan, he's scored 4 goals and give 4 assists for team in season.
# Henry Cravatte

Henry Cravatte (21 May 1911 in Diekirch – 4 November 1990 in Ettelbrück) was a Luxembourgish politician.

## Political activity

Cravatte studied Jurisprudence and in 1936 became lawyer in Diekirch. His political career began in 1951 when he was placed on the list of the Workers' Party. He was elected to the local council and later as the mayor of Diekirch. From 1953 to 1957 he was a member of the Comité -director. In the period from 1958 to 1959 he was State Secretary of the economy. In 1959, Cravatte was elected to the Chamber of Deputies, the Luxembourg parliament. In 1964 he became Vice President of Government and Minister of Internal Affairs. After the founding of the Social Democratic Party, he resigned as president on 3 May 1970 and joined the newly formed party. From 1968 Cravatte was elected to the Chamber every five years until 1978.
Cravatte was Deputy Prime Minister from 1964 until 1969, and also served as President of the Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party.
He was President of the Standing Conference of Local and Regional Authorities of Europe from 1962 to 1964 and again from 1976 to 1978.
On 14 March 1971 he became president of the Labor Party. He retained this post until 1980. On 4 November 1990 Henry Cravatte died at the age of 79 years in Ettelbrück.

## Awards

* 1962 - Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria
Political offices :
| Preceded byEugène Schaus | Deputy Prime Minister 1964–1969 | Succeeded byEugène Schaus |
| Party political offices |||
| Preceded byPaul Wilwertz | President of the LSAP 1959–1970 | Succeeded byAntoine Wehenkel |
# Klein's line

Klein's line or the line of Klein is a virtual line that can be drawn on an X-ray of an adolescent's hip parallel to the anatomically upper edge of the femoral neck. It was the first tool to aid in the early diagnosis of a slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE), which if treated late or left untreated leads to crippling arthritis, leg length discrepancy and lost range of motion. It is named after the American orthopedic surgeon Armin Klein at Harvard University, who published its description and usefulness in 1952. Subsequent modification of its use has increased the sensitivity and reliability of the tool.

## Description

Klein's line is a virtual line that can be drawn on an X-ray of a child's hip parallel to the upper edge of the femoral neck. If the line does not intersect with the outermost part of the femoral head 's ball-like end, the diagnosis of a slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is confirmed.

## History

Klein's line is named after the orthopaedic surgeon Armin Klein (1892–1954), Chief of Orthopaedic Services at the then newly opened Beth Israel Hospital of Boston for his observations presented to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons in 1951 and published in 1952. Klein and three colleagues at Massachusetts General Hospital had seen the crippling effects in later life for a person with slipped capital femoral epiphysis; they were convinced that early diagnosis in childhood and "prophylactic procedures" were needed to treat the condition.$^{:233}$ The diagnosis was up until then made by comparing the X-ray of the suspected epiphysis with the "normal" hip on the opposite side, which in Klein's series had left 11 of 38 children undiagnosed.$^{:234}$ In children with the condition they observed an abnormal alignment of the femoral head with the femoral neck on an X-ray taken from a frontal view of the hip joint and a side view taken with the child in the frog-leg position: "The proximal part of the femoral neck at its juncture with the epiphysis was left bare superiorly and anteriorly over an area equivalent to the amount of slipping of the head as much as in the 'normal' hip."$^{:238}$

## Usefulness

As early as 1957, throughout the 1960s, and into the end of the 20th century surgeons have remarked on the number of missed diagnoses using the Klein's line.
In 2009, the classic definition of Klein's line was shown to miss 60% of SCFE cases on X-rays of 30 children between 8 and 16 years of age. The sensitivity and reliability is improved by measuring the epiphyseal width lateral to Klein's line, which if differing by 2 millimetres (0.079 in) or more between hips suggests the diagnosis of SCFE.
# Jeshbab the Scribe

Jeshbab the Scribe (or Yeshbab the Scribe, Hebrew: יְשֵבָב הַסוֹפֵר, Yəšēḇāḇ haSōfēr) was a third generation Jewish Tanna sage, at the beginning of the 2nd century C.E. He was a disciple of Joshua ben Hananiah and a colleague of Rabbi Akiva.
The name is also sometimes spelled Jeshebeab.
Jeshbab was benevolent, and had handed out all his property to the needy, a deed that was not viewed with favour by his colleagues. Once he wished to hand a fifth of his property to the needy, and R. Akiva ben Joseph did not allow him to do so.
Jeshbab is accounted among the Ten Martyrs.
# Dmytriy Pavlish

Dmytriy Vasylyovych Pavlish (Ukrainian: Дмитрій Васильович Павліш; born 30 September 1999) is a Ukrainian professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Polish club Wilga Garwolin.

## Career

Born in Zakarpattia Oblast, Pavlish began his career in the local youth sportive schools, until his transfer to the FC Shakhtar youth sportive school in 2013.
He played in the Ukrainian Premier League Reserves and never made his debut for the senior Shakhtar Donetsk's squad. In August 2020 he signed one-year loan contract with the Ukrainian Premier League's debutant FC Mynai and made the debut for this team as a second half-time substituted player in a winning home match against FC Oleksandriya on 13 September 2020.
# Flexaret

Flexaret is a brand of cameras manufactured from 1939 to 1970 in Czechoslovakia by the company Meopta. All models of Flexaret are twin-lens reflex cameras with aluminum body, taking square "6×6" format photographs on a 120 roll film. Some models were also capable of using 35 mm film with the help of a special adapter.

## History

In 1939, the company Optikotechna bought a factory producing photographic equipment in Přerov. Optikotechna initially developed and improved older models (known as Autoflex and Flexette). The development of a new camera called Flexaret started in the post-World War II years in the Meopta company, founded in 1946. The camera was intended rather for amateur photography; the handling was easy and technical parameters were simple. The Flexaret rapidly became popular in Czechoslovak households and its popularity lasted until the 1960s. However, the strategy of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance among communist states demanded subordination of national interests to the central planning process dictated by the Soviet Union. The tradition and competition were suppressed by political interests. The last cameras were produced after the 1968 Soviet invasion and in 1970 when the production was cancelled due to lack of parts from East Germany, after which the brand was replaced by the inferior Soviet Lubitel camera line.
The Czech photographer Jan Saudek called Flexaret "our [Czech] national pride".
# Ed Molinski

Ed Molinski (August 20, 1917 – June 26, 1986) was a Hall of Fame college football player for the University of Tennessee. He later became a doctor after being involved in boxing, World War II, and college coaching.

## Football career

Molinski played his high school ball at Massillon Washington High School in Massillon, Ohio, where he played for legendary coach Paul Brown from 1934 to 1936 and was on the 1935 National Championship team. After graduating, he moved on to Tennessee where he played for another legendary coach, Robert Neyland. Molinski was a standout at guard in both high school and college.
While at Tennessee, he helped lead the teams there to a 31–2 record and three undefeated regular seasons. He was a member of the 1938 Tennessee team that won the National Championship, and the 1939 team that put together an unscored upon regular season. That year, Molinski was named to several All-American teams. He was also named All-American the following season in 1940. In 1939, he was named to the 1939 College Football All Polish-American Team.
Molinski was an All-American at the guard position, but was noted as a great player on both sides of the ball. He played on the defensive line for his entire career at Tennessee. Molinski was known as a fiery player during his time at Tennessee, a benefit for the offensive and defensive line positions. His temperament was apparent when he was ejected early in the 1939 Orange Bowl, the final game for the 1938 championship team.
Molinski was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame in 1990, Tennessee Sports Hall of Fame in 1994.

## Other

Molinski was also involved in Golden Gloves boxing. He was the state heavyweight champion in Ohio, while also captaining the university boxing squad. He was a National Golden Glove Semi-Finalist during his amateur career. After college, Molinski served in the United States Marine Corps during World War II, reaching the rank of second lieutenant.
Following the war, Molinski worked as an assistant football coach and a history professor at the Memphis State and Mississippi State in addition to studying for a medical degree. The then Dr. Molinski finally settled in Memphis, Tennessee and practiced medicine until his death. Molinski earned the M.D. degree from the UT Center for the Health Sciences. He also spent 35 years serving as a physician/general practitioner who served underprivileged communities in Memphis, Tennessee. In addition, he was the Memphis State football team doctor and professional fight doctor for the city.
# Raj Bhavan, Bengaluru

Raj Bhavan is the official residence of the governor of Karnataka located in Bengaluru city, in the State of Karnataka, India. Constructed in the late 19th century.

## History

Formerly known as the Bengaluru Residency Mysuru state residency or, simply, residency. It is located in the capital city of Bengaluru, Karnataka. During Mysore Kingdom, the building was home to the Resident or Commissioner that was in subsidiary alliance with the Kingdom of Mysore.
Situated at the highest point in Bangalore, High Grounds (3031 feet above sea level), it was built by Sir Mark Cubbon between 1840 and 1842 when he was the Commissioner of Mysore territories of the British. After Cubbon left in 1861, the bungalow was put up for sale and purchased by the succeeding commissioner, Lewin Bentham Bowring, using government funds, and became the official residence of the Commissioner.
A ballroom was constructed in 1874 when the King Edward VII, Prince of Wales, visited India. It was named 'Serapis Room' after the ship which brought the Prince to Mumbai. Many changes were made to the building during its existence in the British Raj. In 1881, when power over the territory was transferred back to the Mysore royal family, the office of the Commissioner was abolished.

## Post 1947

The building became the official residence of the Resident and came to be called the Residency till the Independence of India (15 August 1947) when the Residency was abolished. The Constitution of Independent India created the office of the "Raj Pramukh" (Governor). The Maharaja of Mysore was made the first Raj Pramukh of Mysore. Although the Residency was converted to the official residence of the Raj Pramukh, the Maharaja of Mysore chose not to stay there, preferring his own palaces at Bangalore and Mysore. Hence, the Residency was converted to a state guesthouse by the Government of India. State guests such as the President of India, the Vice President of India, central government ministers and chief ministers of other states stayed at the Residency. The Chief Minister of Karnataka hosted parties at the Residency. On Independence Day and Republic Day, parties were hosted by the Raj Pramukh, a tradition that has continued till now.
The Residency was also used by the Congress party for its legislature party meetings.
During Franklin D. Roosevelt's visit to India, his wife Eleanor Roosevelt stayed at the Residency.
In 1964, the then Maharaja of Mysore, Jayachamaraja Wodeyar, became the Governor of Madras, and relinquished his gubernatorial post in Mysore. General S M Srinagesh succeeded him, and moved into the Raj Bhavan. It has been the residence of the Governor of the state since.
Originally a single storeyed building, the Raj Bhavan was expanded by the addition of a first floor in 1967, built carefully to adhere to the architectural style of the original structure.
The art collection comprises paintings of a variety of Indian schools of art, as well as some from the West.
The residence is surrounded by beautiful gardens stretching over 16 acres (65,000 m$^2$). The garden is fringed with century old pine and fir trees, and has an artificial waterfall.