OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Betic corridor

The Betic Corridor, or North-Betic Strait, was a strait of water connecting the Mediterranean Sea with the Atlantic Ocean that once separated the Iberian plate from the Eurasian Plate through the Betic Cordillera. Its closure approximately 5.96 million years ago during the Messinian period of the Miocene epoch, precipitated the Messinian Salinity Crisis, a period when the Mediterranean Sea evaporated partly or completely.

## Geology

Betic corridor rock facies consist of heterozoan bioclastic carbonates and mixed siliciclastic–carbonates with conglomerates appearing in local fan-delta deposits. Betic deposits exhibit huge trough cross-bedded structures with single troughs up to 5 m high pointing to the east in the easternmost outcrops. In central outcrops, they reach up to 15 m in height and some tens of metres in length and point both to the east and to the west. The westernmost outcrops show the largest cross-bedded structures, up to 20 m in height and some hundreds of metres in length, all pointing to the west. The large-scale cross-bedding was generated by the migration of very large dunes moved by tides. The largest structures are inferred to have formed at depths of 90 m. Depth estimations indicate that the Betic corridor shallowed toward the Mediterranean and deepened toward the Atlantic. The Miocene evolution towards the formation of the Betic corridor can be divided into a series of steps. The palaeogeography evolved from a south-facing platform, marginal to a northeastern relief, to a wide-open marine passage limited by a southern platform and, finally, to a tidal-dominated strait. The closing of the Betic corridor is recorded by the presence of lagoonal, silty sediments covered by a stromatolite layer and crowned by a red soil in the westernmost outcrops.
# (527603) 2007 VJ305

(527603) 2007 VJ$_{305}$ (provisional designation 2007 VJ$_{305}$) is an extreme trans-Neptunian object from the extended scattered disc on a highly eccentric orbit in the outermost region of the Solar System. It measures approximately 250 kilometers (160 miles) in diameter and is "possibly" a dwarf planet. The rather reddish extended scattered disc object belongs to the group of extreme trans-Neptunian objects. It was discovered on 4 November 2007 by astronomers Andrew Becker, Andrew Puckett and Jeremy Kubica at the Apache Point Observatory in New Mexico, United States.

## Orbit and classification

2007 VJ$_{305}$ orbits the Sun at a distance of 35.1–347 AU once every 2640 years and 11 months (964,601 days; semi-major axis of 191.1 AU). Its orbit has an exceptionally high eccentricity of 0.82 and an inclination of 12° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins with a precovery taken during the Sloan Digital Sky Survey at Apache Point in November 2000. It has a minimum orbital intersection distance with Neptune of 5.4 AU.
It belongs to a small group of detached objects with perihelion distances of 30 AU or more, and semi-major axes of 150 AU or more. These extreme trans-Neptunian objects (ETNOs) can not reach such orbits without some perturbing object, which lead to the speculation of Planet Nine.

## Numbering and naming

2007 VJ$_{305}$ was numbered by the Minor Planet Center on 18 May 2019 (M.P.C. 114650). As of 2019, it has not been named.

## Physical characteristics

2007 VJ$_{305}$'s color is rather reddish with an intermediary IR spectral type and a B–R color index of 1.44.

### Diameter and albedo

According to the Johnston's archive and to American astronomer Michael Brown, 2007 VJ$_{305}$ measures 202 and 279 kilometers in diameter based on an assumed albedo of 0.09 and 0.04, respectively. On his website, Michael Brown lists this object as "possibly" a dwarf planet (200–400 km) which is the least certain class in his 5-class taxonomic system.

### Rotation period and shape

As of 2019, no rotational lightcurve of has been obtained from photometric observations. The body's rotation period, pole and shape remain unknown.
# Stenocephalemys

Stenocephalemys is a genus of rodent in the family Muridae. The genus is endemic to Ethiopia.

## Species

Stenocephalemys contains six described species:
* Ethiopian white-footed mouse (Stenocephalemys albipes) (Rüppell, 1842)
* Ethiopian narrow-headed rat (Stenocephalemys albocaudata) Frick, 1914
* Gray-tailed narrow-headed rat (Stenocephalemys griseicauda) F. Petter, 1972
* Rupp's mouse (Stenocephalemys ruppi) Van der Straeten & Dieterlen, 1983
* Stenocephalemys sokolovi Lavrenchenko & Bryja, 2020
* Stenocephalemys zimai Lavrenchenko & Bryja, 2020
# LORA (missile)

LORA (LOng Range Artillery) is a theater quasi-ballistic missile developed by Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI).

## Development

LORA began development in 2002. The missile has a range of 400 kilometres (250 mi) and a CEP of 10 metres (33 ft) when using a combination of GPS and TV for terminal guidance. It can be ship-launched from inside of a standard Intermodal container. An air-launched variant called Air LORA was unveiled in June 2024.
On 11 June 2018, Azerbaijan revealed it had purchased the LORA system from Israel at an undisclosed date following president Ilham Aliyev's visit to an Azerbaijani Land Forces missile unit housing both the LORA and the Polonez. LORA was used in the final days of the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war, being used to target a vital bridge in the Lachin corridor linking Armenia to the Nagorno-Karabakh region. It was initially thought to have destroyed the bridge, but later evidence suggested it had only inflicted limited damage.
During Aero India in June 2023, India's Bharat Electronics signed a memorandum of understanding with IAI to produce the LORA in India under license.

## Current operators

* Israel
* India
* Azerbaijan
# People's Democratic Party

People's Democratic Party may refer to:
* People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan
* People's Democratic Party (Belize)
* People's Democratic Party (Bhutan)
* People's Democratic Party (Chile)
* People's Democratic Party (Dominican Republic)
* People's Democratic Party (Egypt)
* People's Democratic Party (Fiji)
* Peoples Democratic Party (India)
* People's Democratic Party (Indonesia)
* Peoples Democratic Party (Kenya)
* People's Democratic Party of Liberia
* People's Democratic Party (Macedonia)
* Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)
* People's Democratic Party (Serbia)
* People's Democratic Party (Sierra Leone)
* People's Democratic Party (South Korea)
* People's Democratic Party (Spain), 1982–1989
* People's Democratic Party (Spain, 1974)
* People's Democratic Party (Sudan)
* People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan
* People's Democratic Party (Taiwan)
* People's Democratic Party (Tonga)
* People's Democratic Party (Transnistria) or Proriv
* People's Democratic Party (Trinidad and Tobago)
* Peoples' Democratic Party (Turkey)
* People's Democratic Party (Ukraine)
* People's Democratic Party of Uzbekistan
* People's Democratic Party (Zimbabwe)
* Eelam People's Democratic Party, Sri Lanka
* Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party, India
# Norman Pugh

Norman Pugh (3 April 1911 – death unknown), also known by the nickname of "The Whip", was a Welsh rugby union and professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1930s and 1940s. He played representative level rugby union (RU) for Glamorgan, and at club level for Swansea RFC, and representative level rugby league (RL) for Wales, and at club level for Oldham (captain), as a second-row or loose forward.

## Background

Norman Pugh was born in Godre'r Graig, Neath Port Talbot, Wales.

## International honours

Norman Pugh won 6 caps for Wales in 1935–1938 while at Oldham.
# Phoebe Paterson Pine

Phoebe Paterson Pine (born 3 December 1997) is a British paralympian and archer. She won gold in the Women's individual compound open at the 2020 Summer Paralympics in Tokyo. She defeated Jessica Stretton, and Tatiana Andrievskaia, to advance to the final. She competed at the 2024 Paralympics in Paris.

## Career

Born in Siddington, Gloucestershire, Paterson Pine competed at the 2017 World Para Archery Championships, where she won a bronze medal.
Paterson Pine was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2022 New Year Honours for services to archery.
She won the bronze medal in her event at the 2022 World Para Archery Championships held in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
She competed at the 2024 Paralympics in Paris where she was beaten into fourth place by her seven-month pregnant colleague Jodie Grinham.
# Kenyan passport

The Kenyan passport is issued to Kenyan citizens in accordance with the Constitution of Kenya, 2010 and as provided for in the Kenya Citizens and Immigration Act that commenced on 30 August 2011. In addition issuance process is regulated by Legal Notice No. 64 (the Kenya Citizenship and Immigration Regulations, 2012). If eligible, an individual can apply for a New Passport, Renewal Passport and Replacement Passport. Passports are issued by the Department of Immigration. The department is under the Ministry of Interior and Coordination of National Government. Kenyan passports are usually used as a form of ID as well and would be rated as second to the Kenyan national ID card. Before Kenya got independence from Britain, British passports were used.

## Bio-metric passport

Since September 2017, Kenya issues the new East African format ePassport. Directorate of Immigration and Registration of Persons, Gordon Kihalangwa, said on a live Twitter chat that tracking individuals’ movements will become easier with the ePassport. This is inline with digitization of Kenya. The new bio-metric passport contains the holders bio-data such as finger prints, digitally stored photo and signature among others.
Features of the Kenyan Bio-metric passport
* Electronic chip holding the same information as the old model passport
* Bio-metric identifier
* Digital photograph of the passport holder
* Security features to prevent unauthorized use and forgery
* Details of the ePassport will be registered with the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).
The new color adopted on the Kenyan ordinary passport, light blue, is the official color of the East African Community. The old ordinary passport was phased out by 31 August 2019 (extended to 1 March 2021) and rendered unusable and cease to being recognized as travel documents. Holders of existing old format passports were strongly advised to apply for the new ePassport before this date.

## Validity

According to the department of immigration under Ministry of Interior and National Coordination, and read together with the Kenyan constitution, Kenyan passports are valid for ten years after date of issuance. Children and persons under eighteen years are required to have their own government issued passport separate from the parent. Minors application is done on the parents e-citizen account. Fees are the same as for adults and validity is also ten years.

## Valid jurisdictions

The Kenyan passport is valid in all Commonwealth countries and all foreign nations of the world.

## Caution

The passport remains the property of the government of Kenya and may be withdrawn at any time.
# Vydmantai Eldership

Vydmantai Eldership (Lithuanian: Vydmantų seniūnija) is an eldership of Lithuania, with the administrative center in the Vydmantai village, located in the Kretinga District Municipality. In 2021 its population was 2239.
It was established in 2017 by separation from Kretinga Eldership (decision made on December 22, 2016, entered in force on July 1, 2017) by reassigning the residential areas Kiauleikiai, Liepynė, Parąžė, Pryšmančiai, Vilimiškė, and Vydmantai.
# Red Alert: The War Within

Red Alert: The War Within, shortly called Red Alert, is an Indian crime drama film directed by Ananth Narayan Mahadevan. It was released theatrically in India on 9 July 2010. The drama is based on the true story of Narsimha, who gets caught up in a clash between police and Naxalites and is then forced to work with the latter.
Red Alert premiered at the 6th Stuttgart Film Festival in 2009.

## Cast

Source for first 12 cast-members: Characters per additional sources.
* Vinod Khanna as Krishnaraj
* Sunil Shetty as Narsimha
* Bhagyashree as Uma
* Sameera Reddy as Laxmi
* Ayesha Dharker as Radhika
* Seema Biswas as Sarala
* Ashish Vidyarthi as Velu
* Gulshan Grover as DIG Rathod
* Naseeruddin Shah as Naga (Cameo)
* Makrand Deshpande as Raghavan
* Ehsan Khan as Krishna
* Ashraful Haque as Naxalite
* Vikas Shrivastav as Naxalite

## Song

The film contains only one song, sung by KK.
* "Poochhta Hai Dil Yeh Tera" – KK

## Release

The Hindi-language film was dubbed into Telugu, Chhattisgarhi and English versions, with all four versions scheduled to be released the same day. Rahul Aggarwal, one of the producers, said all the actors dubbed their English lines themselves.
The film was originally scheduled to be completed and released in 2008.

## Response

The film was not reviewed by a sufficient number of contributing critics to be rated at the review aggregating site Rotten Tomatoes. Rachel Saltz of The New York Times said the film "seems torn between two storytelling modes: episodic with a documentary flavor and action-driven pulp. It makes a hash of both." She added, "For some reason [it] has been dubbed into heavily accented English for American release, adding an unnecessary 'What did he say?' level of difficulty." Frank Lovece of Film Journal International echoed that, saying, the film "plays like one of those stiff historical drams that educational-film companies make for schools. Or in this case, an outsourced educational-film company." Adam Keleman of Slant believed, "The unforgivable flaw of the film is its lack of subtlety, the way character detail and plot development is laid for us on a silver platter, never requiring the audience to ... fully engage with the intricacies of the lead character's internal and moral quandary."

## Accolades

* Winner, Director's Vision Award at the 2009 Stuttgart Film Festival
* Winner, South Asian International Film Festival Award for Best Actor - Sunil Shetty
* Winner, Stardust Search Light Award for Best Actor - Sunil Shetty
# Jazmin Truesdale

Jazmin Truesdale (born December 6, 1987) is the writer and creator of AZA comics, a comic book that features diverse female characters.

## Early life and education

Jazmin Truesdale was born in Durham, North Carolina. She earned a degree in pre-medicine and exercise science from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 2009 and an MBA from the Florida Institute of Technology.

## Career and AZA comics

Truesdale is the creator of Jazmin Fitness and AZA Comics, a comic book that features female characters of diverse backgrounds. Truesdale recruited illustrator Remero Colston for the project after finding him on Instagram. AZA Comics' first graphic novel, Keepers: Origins, was published digitally in 2016.
# Nokia 3.2

The Nokia 3.2 is a Nokia-branded entry-level smartphone released 21 May 2019 running the Android operating system.

## Models

The phone comes in 3 variants: the 2/16 GB, 3/32 GB and 3/64 GB storages, and have two colour variants the gray & black.

## Design

The phone has a plastic body. It has dual sim support and a screen to body ratio of ~80.5%.

## Reference List

* ↑ "Nokia 3.2 mobile". HMD Global. Retrieved 26 April 2024.
* ↑ "Nokia 3.2 hands-on review: A budget Nokia offering with a hefty battery". Expert Reviews. Retrieved 2019-08-30.
* 1 2 "Nokia 3.2 Expected Specs, Release Date | Digit". www.digit.in. Retrieved 2019-08-30.
* ↑ "Nokia 3.2 mobile". HMD Global. Retrieved 2024-04-26.
* 1 2 3 "Nokia 3.2 - Full phone specifications". www.gsmarena.com. Retrieved 2019-08-30.
# Collin H. Woodward

Collin H. Woodward (? – September 7, 1927) was the Tax Commissioner of New York City and Republican district leader. He succeeded Daniel S. McElroy as Tax Commissioner of New York City.

## Biography

He died on September 7, 1927, in an automobile accident near Poughkeepsie, New York.
# Kruonis Eldership

The Kruonis Eldership (Lithuanian: Kruonio seniūnija) is an eldership of Lithuania, located in the Kaišiadorys District Municipality. In 2021 its population was 2295.
# Matsuyamajō Ropeway

The Matsuyamajō Ropeway (松山城ロープウェイ, Matsuyamajō Rōpuwei) is a Japanese aerial lift line in Matsuyama, Ehime, operated by the city government. Opened in 1955, the line goes to Matsuyama Castle on Mount Katsuyama. The former cabins were famous for being decorated like Edo period litter vehicles. There is also a chairlift line parallel to and beside the tramway.
In February 2024, the ropeway was refurbished. The current lifts are the sixth generation of cabins to exist on the line.

## Basic data

* Cable length: 327 m (1,073 ft)
* Vertical interval: 62 m (203 ft)
* Carrier capacity: 35 passengers (including operator)
* Stations:
** Shinonome-guchi Station
** Chōjaganaru Station
# Bob Schwalberg

Bob Schwalberg (October 12, 1927 – October 8, 1996) was an American photojournalist and writer on photographic technique and equipment.

## Career

Schwalberg was a photojournalist who worked for PIX Publishing, an early New York City photo agency which from 1935 to 1969 supplied news and feature photos to magazines, especially Life and, later, Sports Illustrated.
From 1950 he was a writer of technical stories in Popular Photography magazine and for many years produced a regular column for the magazine. He gained recognition as Mr. Leica, an expert on camera equipment, after working for nearly 7 years for the manufacturer of E.Leitz GmbH in Wetzlar in their public relations and product design departments, as well as serving as a European correspondent, before returning to write for Popular Photography.

## Recognition

Two of Schwalberg's photographs were included by curator Edward Steichen in the world-touring The Family of Man exhibition, seen by 9 million viewers. In one, two women spectators at a sports event, photographed at close range, scream ecstatically while the surrounding men remain unmoved. The second, taken from above with a slow shutter speed, captures a policeman at a slow shutter speed as he walked, showing only his dark uniform against a slightly blurred pavement, creating an abstract representation of law enforcement.

## Death and legacy

Schwalberg died a few days before his 69th birthday and was remembered at a memorial on March 4, 1997, at the Metropolitan Center, 123 West 18th Street, New York City.
# MV Cape Ray

MV Cape Ray (T-AKR-9679) in 2014 :
| History ||
| United States ||
| Name | Cape Ray |
| Owner | Maritime Administration (MARAD) |
| Builder | Kawasaki Heavy Industries Ltd., Japan |
| Acquired | 17 Dec 1994 |
| Identification | IMO number: 7530810 MMSI number: 366841000 Callsign: KAFI |
| General characteristics ||
| Class and type | MV Cape Rise (T-AKR-9678) |
| Displacement | 32,054 tons |
| Length | 647 ft 6 in (197.36 m) |
| Beam | 105 ft 6 in (32.16 m) |
| Draft | 32 ft 6 in (9.91 m) |
| Propulsion | two Kawasaki-MAN 14V 52/55A diesel engines 1 shaft, 28,000hp |
| Speed | 19.75 kts. |
The 648-foot roll-on/roll-off and container ship MV Cape Ray (T-AKR-9679), built in 1977, was previously known as MV Saudi Makkah and MV Seaspeed Asia. She can carry 1,315 containers and has both bow and stern thrusters.
After being acquired on 29 April 1994, MV Cape Ray (T-AKR-9679) was in the Ready Reserve Force. She is generally used to transport vehicles to war zones from the United States.

## Syrian weapons destruction

Cape Ray played a central role in the 2014 destruction of Syria's declared stockpile of chemical weapons. For that mission she was under the command of civilian master Horace "Rick" Jordan. The ship was outfitted with two Field Deployable Hydrolysis Systems manned by United States Army civilians, who then performed the destruction operations at sea.
On 16 January 2014 the Italian Minister of Infrastructures and Transports, Maurizio Lupi, said that MV Cape Ray would load 530 tons of chemical weapons material in the port of Gioia Tauro in Calabria, Italy, from the Danish ship MV Ark Futura. She deployed on 25 June 2014.
# Ivan Joseph Martin Osiier

Ivan Joseph Martin Osiier (December 16, 1888 – December 23, 1965), was a Danish Olympic medalist, and world champion, fencer who fenced foil, épée, and saber. He was given the Olympic Diploma of Merit during his career. He is also one of only five athletes who have competed in the Olympics over a span of 40 years.

## Personal life

Osiier was born in Copenhagen, Denmark, and was Jewish. His parents were Martin Moses Meyer Osiier (1861–1933) and Hanne Henriette Ruben (1865–1922). He was married to Ellen Osiier, who became the first female Olympic fencing champion by winning the women's foil at the 1924 Summer Olympics.
He attended the secondary school Borgerdydskolen (The School of Civic Virtue) in Copenhagen, and later studied medicine. He was a surgeon at Garrison Hospital in Copenhagen in 1915–17. He later served as a physician. He was forced to flee Denmark during the Nazi occupation of Denmark due to his being Jewish, and went to Sweden where he worked at Saint Göran Hospital.

## Fencing career
### Championships

At fencing competitions in Denmark, Osiier won 25 events between 1913 and 1929. In fencing competitions for Scandinavia, Osilier won 13 events between 1921 and 1933.

### Olympics

Osiier first competed at the 1908 Summer Olympics and continued to appear in consecutive Olympics up to the 1948 Summer Olympics. During the 1912 Summer Olympics, Osiier finished in second during the épée event. Osiier withdrew from the 1936 Berlin Olympics in Nazi Germany, as did Danish Jewish wrestler (and 1932 Olympic silver medalist) Abraham Kurland.
He is one of only four athletes who have competed in the Olympics over a span of 40 years, along with sailors Magnus Konow, Paul Elvstrøm, Durward Knowles and showjumper Ian Millar. Apart from competitions, Osiier worked for the Denmark Fencing Federation as their leader. The Olympic Diploma of Merit was given to Osiier during his career.

## Hall of Fame

Osiier was inducted into the International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame in 1986.
# Eboshijima Lighthouse

Eboshijima Lighthouse (烏帽子島灯台, eboshijima tōdai) is an unmanned lighthouse in Eboshijima, a tiny island administered by Itoshima, Fukuoka, Japan. The island is in Karatsu Bay.

## History

This lighthouse was one of those designed by Richard Henry Brunton, who was hired by the government of Japan in the Meiji period to help construct lighthouses to make it safe for foreign ships to come to Japan following the opening of Japan to the West. Work began in June 1873. It was first lit on 1 August 1875; 149 years ago (1875-08-01).