# Türi

Türi is a town in Järva County, Estonia. It is the administrative centre of Türi Parish. Since 2000, Türi is known as the "spring capital" of Estonia. It has a railway station on the Tallinn - Viljandi railway line operated by Elron (rail transit).

## History

* 1347 Türi first mentioned in historical records by the German language name of Turgel
* 1687 The establishment of the first school
* 1900 Railway traffic (Viljandi–Tallinn, Türi–Paide) opened
* 1917 Türi gains the rights of a market town
* 1924 The first secondary education institution in Türi opened – Türi Horticultural Gymnasium
* 1926 The rights of a town given to Türi
* 1937 Erection of a 197 m-tall (646 ft) radio mast. The mast was blown up by Soviet Union forces in 1941
* 1950 - 1959 Türi - the centre of Türi County.
* 1995 Türi Museum opened.
* 1997 Türi College of the University of Tartu for environmental science studies opened
* 2000 Türi declared the Spring Capital of Estonia by Mart Laar, the prime minister of Estonia
* 2005 Türi became the administrative centre of newly formed Türi Parish.

## Demographics

Ethnic Composition 1922-2021 :
| Ethnicity | 1922 | 1922 | 1934 | 1934 | 1941 | 1941 | 1959 | 1959 | 1970 | 1970 | 1979 | 1979 | 1989 | 1989 | 2000 | 2000 | 2011 | 2011 | 2021 | 2021 |
| Ethnicity | amount | % | amount | % | amount | % | amount | % | amount | % | amount | % | amount | % | amount | % | amount | % | amount | % |
| Estonians | 2011 | 95.8 | 2826 | 97.3 | 2819 | 98.9 | 4958 | 88.1 | 5482 | 87.4 | 5989 | 90.4 | 6236 | 90.9 | 5885 | 93.1 | 5125 | 94.7 | 4839 | 94.3 |
| Russians | 10 | 0.48 | 21 | 0.72 | 6 | 0.21 | - | - | 385 | 6.14 | 397 | 5.99 | 316 | 4.61 | 229 | 3.62 | 137 | 2.53 | 122 | 2.38 |
| Ukrainians | - | - | 0 | 0.00 | - | - | - | - | 90 | 1.43 | 66 | 1.00 | 136 | 1.98 | 87 | 1.38 | 68 | 1.26 | 69 | 1.35 |
| Belarusians | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 18 | 0.29 | 14 | 0.21 | 11 | 0.16 | 6 | 0.09 | 4 | 0.07 | 5 | 0.10 |
| Finns | - | - | 3 | 0.10 | 0 | 0.00 | - | - | 69 | 1.10 | 68 | 1.03 | 73 | 1.06 | 57 | 0.90 | 31 | 0.57 | 30 | 0.58 |
| Jews | 0 | 0.00 | 2 | 0.07 | 0 | 0.00 | - | - | 5 | 0.08 | 8 | 0.12 | 2 | 0.03 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
| Latvians | - | - | 3 | 0.10 | 2 | 0.07 | - | - | 7 | 0.11 | 8 | 0.12 | 4 | 0.06 | 5 | 0.08 | 5 | 0.09 | 12 | 0.23 |
| Germans | 38 | 1.81 | 24 | 0.83 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 56 | 0.85 | 47 | 0.68 | 17 | 0.27 | 9 | 0.17 | 8 | 0.16 |
| Tatars | - | - | 0 | 0.00 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2 | 0.03 | 2 | 0.03 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
| Poles | - | - | 4 | 0.14 | 7 | 0.25 | - | - | - | - | 0 | 0.00 | 3 | 0.04 | 1 | 0.02 | 1 | 0.02 | 0 | 0.00 |
| Lithuanians | - | - | 0 | 0.00 | 3 | 0.11 | - | - | 19 | 0.30 | 13 | 0.20 | 11 | 0.16 | 5 | 0.08 | 4 | 0.07 | 4 | 0.08 |
| unknown | 4 | 0.19 | 15 | 0.52 | 2 | 0.07 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 7 | 0.11 | 2 | 0.04 | 13 | 0.25 |
| other | 36 | 1.72 | 5 | 0.17 | 12 | 0.42 | 667 | 11.9 | 200 | 3.19 | 5 | 0.08 | 21 | 0.31 | 25 | 0.40 | 24 | 0.44 | 27 | 0.53 |
| Total | 2099 | 100 | 2903 | 100 | 2851 | 100 | 5625 | 100 | 6275 | 100 | 6626 | 100 | 6862 | 100 | 6324 | 100 | 5410 | 100 | 5129 | 100 |

## Climate

Climate data for Türi (normals 1991–2020, extremes 1925–present) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 8.8 (47.8) | 11.3 (52.3) | 18.7 (65.7) | 27.0 (80.6) | 30.7 (87.3) | 33.1 (91.6) | 34.3 (93.7) | 34.3 (93.7) | 28.5 (83.3) | 21.0 (69.8) | 13.1 (55.6) | 11.1 (52.0) | 34.3 (93.7) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −1.6 (29.1) | −1.5 (29.3) | 3.1 (37.6) | 10.7 (51.3) | 17.0 (62.6) | 20.6 (69.1) | 23.3 (73.9) | 21.7 (71.1) | 16.3 (61.3) | 9.1 (48.4) | 3.3 (37.9) | 0.2 (32.4) | 10.2 (50.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −3.9 (25.0) | −4.5 (23.9) | −0.9 (30.4) | 5.2 (41.4) | 11.0 (51.8) | 15.1 (59.2) | 17.8 (64.0) | 16.2 (61.2) | 11.4 (52.5) | 5.7 (42.3) | 1.2 (34.2) | −1.9 (28.6) | 6.0 (42.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −6.5 (20.3) | −7.4 (18.7) | −4.5 (23.9) | 0.4 (32.7) | 4.9 (40.8) | 9.4 (48.9) | 12.3 (54.1) | 11.2 (52.2) | 7.2 (45.0) | 2.6 (36.7) | −1 (30) | −4.1 (24.6) | 2.0 (35.6) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −34.5 (−30.1) | −36.2 (−33.2) | −30.7 (−23.3) | −20.8 (−5.4) | −6.8 (19.8) | −2.6 (27.3) | 1.2 (34.2) | −1.7 (28.9) | −6.1 (21.0) | −12.5 (9.5) | −23.1 (−9.6) | −37.6 (−35.7) | −37.6 (−35.7) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 57 (2.2) | 44 (1.7) | 38 (1.5) | 38 (1.5) | 45 (1.8) | 79 (3.1) | 69 (2.7) | 91 (3.6) | 62 (2.4) | 74 (2.9) | 67 (2.6) | 62 (2.4) | 726 (28.6) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 12.4 | 10.2 | 9.4 | 8.0 | 7.6 | 10.3 | 9.5 | 10.9 | 9.8 | 12.6 | 12.1 | 13.6 | 126.4 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 90 | 87 | 79 | 71 | 67 | 72 | 75 | 80 | 85 | 89 | 91 | 91 | 81 |
| Source: Estonian Weather Service (precipitation days 1971–2000) ||||||||||||||

## Sights
### Türi Church

Türi Church, originally dedicated to St. Martin, is a well-preserved medieval hall church of a form typical for central Estonia. Construction of the church probably started in the late 13th century and the ceiling was completed in the early 14th century. It retains much of its medieval look, including carved stone details such as consoles in the form of human heads. Other noteworthy interior details include the renaissance pulpit, a Baroque retable (by Christian Ackermann) and an altar painting by August Georg Wilhelm Pezold from 1856.

## Gallery

* Türi church
* Türi in 1910
* Türi railway station
* Türi reservoir
* Türi cultural center
* Türi school
* Türi Kevade School for the disabled