OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Oldenburg Air Base

Oldenburg Air Base is a former West German Luftwaffe air base in Lower Saxony, Germany. During the Cold War it was used by the British Royal Air Force (RAF) as part of Royal Air Force Germany until 1957.

## Royal Air Force history

The following units were here 1952-59:
* No. 14 Squadron RAF between 23 June 1955 and 26 September 1959 when the squadron moved to RAF Ahlhorn. Operated Hawker Hunter F.4 & F.6's
* No. 20 Squadron RAF from 28 July 1952 until 23 September 1957. The squadron operated a variety of aircraft including de Havilland Vampire FB.5 & FB.9s, Canadair Sabre F.4s & Hawker Hunter F.4 & F.6s
* No. 26 Squadron RAF from 12 August 1952 until 10 September 1957 when the squadron disbanded. The unit operated Sabre F.4s and Hunter F.4s
* No. 234 Squadron RAF reformed here on 1 August 1952 staying until 8 January 1954 when the squadron moved to RAF Geilenkirchen. The unit operated Vampire FB.5 & FB.9s and Sabre F.4s

## West German Luftwaffe

In 1964, the new post-war West German Luftwaffe's Reconnaissance Squadron 54 was disbanded, and at the same time Fighter Squadron 72 was moved back from Leck to Oldenburg. Both formations were merged to form Fighter-Bomber Geschwader 43 due to the change in the mission's mission (the aircraft were no longer day fighters, but the mission of the formation was now to combat ground targets). The association was subordinate to the 4th Air Force Division and the North American F-86 Sabre was flown. In 1966 it was converted to Fiat G.91, the following year it was renamed to Leichtes Kampfgeschwader 43, and in 1979 it was renamed back to Fighter Bomber Geschwader 43. From 1981 the Alpha Jet was flown in Oldenburg. In 1991, 18 Alpha Jets from 2nd Squadron were briefly deployed to Turkey due to the Gulf War. On September 30, 1993, JaboG 43 was decommissioned/dissolved; a year later, on November 1, 1994, the airfield was officially de-dedicated.
In addition to the flying unit, Air Force Supply Group 22 was stationed on the air base grounds from 1957 to 1958. In 1959 it was reorganized into Air Force Supply Regiment 6, whose staff moved into the Oldenburg Donnerschwee barracks. The Air Force Medical Squadron of LVR 6 (until 1993), the Saber F-86 field shipyard (until 1966), the Fiat G-91 field shipyard (from 1966 to 1981) and its successor Air Force Shipyard 61 of LVR 6 (from 1981 to 1993) were on the Stationed on the grounds of the air base.
From 1968 to 1991, the 3rd battery of the anti-aircraft missile battalion 24 of the Nike air defense force was stationed at the air base, and from 1993 to 2006 (relocation to Bad Sülze) the anti-aircraft missile group 24 of the anti-aircraft missile squadron 2.
The base was closed after Jagdbombergeschwader 43 was disbanded on 30 September 1993.
# Arve Haugen

Arve Haugen (born 28 May 1943) is a Norwegian cyclist. He was born in Trondheim. He competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, where he placed fifth in team trial with the Norwegian team, which consisted of Knut Knudsen, Thorleif Andresen, Magne Orre and Haugen.
# Exegesis in Zoroastrianism

Exegesis in Zoroastrianism is principally defined as the interpretation of Avesta, the Zoroastrian religious book. The Zend, an explanation of Avesta which is written in Pahlavi language and the other old texts related to Zoroastrian exegesis have no Avestan word. The religious legal textbooks like Vendidad, Neyrangistan, Hirbodistan, Hadokht Nask and Visperad are also interpretations of Avesta.
# Susana Villarán

Susana María del Carmen Villarán de la Puente is a left politician in Peru, a former presidential candidate, and in municipal elections in 2010 became the first woman to be elected Mayor of Lima.
She is vice president of the Decentralist Social Force Party (Partido Descentralista Fuerza Social [es], FS) and formerly worked as a journalist and a secondary school teacher.

## Personal life

Born in Lima on 16 August 1949. She was the first daughter and the second of the seven children of Fernando Villarán Duany and Josefina de la Puente y Lavalle. Villarán studied at L'École Nouvelle of Miraflores and Colegio Sagrados Corazones Chalet of Chorrillos.

## Political life

She was a member of Lima's Metropolitan Municipality from 1983 to 1985, and co-founded with former mayor Alfonso Barrantes Lingán the Vaso de leche (glass of milk) program promoting child nutrition.
In 1995 Villarán was elected national co-ordinator of the Party for Social Democracy (Partido por la Democracia Social - Compromiso Perú, PDS). She became Minister for Women and Social Development during Valentín Paniagua's transitory government in 2001, and in 2002 assumed the role of Police Ombudsman (Defensora de la Policía).
From 2002 to 2005, she served as a member of the Organization of American States's Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR), serving as rapporteur on child rights and later on women's rights, as Second Vice President of the Commission in 2004, and First Vice President in 2005. She took part in IACHR human rights and conflict missions in Colombia and Guatemala.
In the Peruvian general election of 2006, Villarán was presidential candidate for Concertación Descentralista, an alliance of the PDS and the Peruvian Humanist Movement. She was one of three female candidates along with Lourdes Flores and Martha Chávez, and came in seventh place with 0.62% of the vote.
In 2008, she was elected to the United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child.

## 2010 Lima mayoral campaign

In 2009 she announced her candidacy for Mayor of Lima as leader of the Social Force Decentralisation Party (FS), which had been formed by the merger of the PDS and eight other centre-left parties in October 2007. Her candidature was backed by three smaller centre-left groups.
After a slow start to her campaign, in the final weeks Villarán overtook the longtime favourite Lourdes Flores to win with 1,743,712 votes, representing 38.393% of the valid votes. She assumed office on January 1, 2011.

## 2013 recall attempt and 2014 Lima mayoral campaign

A referendum held on March 17, 2013 to recall her from office. She survived the recall but 20 members - including spokesperson against her recall Marisa Glave - of the city council were recalled. However, she was defeated in her 2014 re-election bid by former mayor Luis Castañeda Lossio, who took office on January 1, 2015.

## Publications

* Picking Up the Pieces: Corruption and Democracy in Peru, with Nick Caistor, (London : Latinamerica Bureau) 2006. ISBN 1-899365-75-3.
# Ahmedabad Stock Exchange

23°01′33″N 72°32′39″E﻿ / ﻿23.02583°N 72.54417°E﻿ / 23.02583; 72.54417
The Ahmedabad Stock Exchange (ASE) is the second-oldest exchange of India located in the city of Ahmedabad in the Western part of the country and is fully owned by Government of India. It is recognised by Securities Contract (Regulations) Act, 1956 as permanent stock exchange. Its logo consists of the Swastika, which is one of the most auspicious symbols of Hinduism depicting wealth and prosperity.
In April 2018, the SEBI permitted the Ahmedabad stock exchange to exit the stock exchange business. Under the agreement, ASE will cease its activities and change its name to remove the phrase "stock exchange" from it.

## History

The stock exchange was established as a Public Charitable Trust in 1894 following the establishment of the Bombay Stock Exchange in 1875. Earlier the stock exchange functioned under the framework of the Bombay Securities Contracts Act, 1925. Following the passage of The Securities Contract Regulations Act, 1956 the Gujarat Share & Stock Exchange, Indian Share and General Exchange Association and Bombay Share and Stock Exchange, Share and Stock Brokers Association merged with the Ahmedabad Share and Stock Brokers Association and gave rise to ASE as it stands today.
ASE is the oldest stock exchange after Bombay Stock Exchange in India. ASE functioned in a 93 years old heritage building up to 1996 after which it shifted to a more modern building. The stock exchange went live on 12 December 1996. Initially, ASE used a system provided by IBM. Since June 1999, ASE operates on Ahmedabad Stock Exchanges' Online Trading System (ASETS). This system was provided to ASE by Tata Consultancy Services Ltd. Members of the ASE can also trade on the Bombay Stock Exchange through a system called IBOSS. Today the stock exchange has 333 trading members.
Market regulator Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has issued notice to the ASE for withdrawal of recognition stating that regional stock exchanges whose net worth was less than Rs 100 crore and turnover less than Rs 1,000 crore would be closed. The old stock exchange building listed as a heritage building was put up for sale.
# Sans Souci (Hillsborough, North Carolina)

Sans Souci is a historic home located at Hillsborough, Orange County, North Carolina. It was built about 1813, as two-story, three-bay, frame dwelling with a gable roof and set on a brick foundation. Later additions included 1+1⁄2-story flanking wings added in the Federal period and a Greek Revival shed addition built in the mid-19th century across the rear of the main block and the east wing. Also on the property are the contributing kitchen, office, and servant's quarters.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971. It is located in the Hillsborough Historic District.
# Rasmus Tiller

Rasmus Fossum Tiller (born 28 July 1996) is a Norwegian cyclist, who currently rides for UCI ProTeam Uno-X Mobility. In August 2019, he was named in the startlist for the 2019 Vuelta a España.
He is the son of former Norwegian professional cyclist Tone Fossum.

## Major results
### 2016

    5th Road race, National Under-23 Road Championships

### 2017 (1 pro win)

    1st Road race, National Road Championships
    3rd Kattekoers
    3rd Road race, National Under-23 Road Championships
    5th Grote Prijs Marcel Kint

### 2018

    1st Prologue Grand Prix Priessnitz spa
    2nd Road race, National Road Championships
    5th Tro-Bro Léon

### 2019

    4th Road race, National Road Championships

### 2021 (1)

    1st Dwars door het Hageland
    2nd Le Samyn
    2nd Binche–Chimay–Binche
    3rd Tour du Finistère
    5th Tro-Bro Léon
    5th Antwerp Port Epic
    6th Grand Prix de Wallonie

### 2022 (1)

    1st Road race, National Road Championships
    2nd Binche–Chimay–Binche
    6th Omloop Het Nieuwsblad
    6th Nokere Koerse
    9th Le Samyn
    10th Dwars door het Hageland

### 2023 (2)

    1st Dwars door het Hageland
    1st Stage 7 Tour of Britain
    2nd Circuit Franco-Belge
    2nd Druivenkoers Overijse
    3rd Grand Prix du Morbihan
    5th Road race, National Road Championships
    5th Tro-Bro Léon
    6th Road race, UEC European Road Championships
    7th Overall Deutschland Tour
    8th Egmont Cycling Race

### 2024

    3rd Road race, National Road Championships
    4th Dwars door het Hageland
    4th Le Samyn

### Grand Tour general classification results timeline

| Grand Tour | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 |
| Giro d'Italia | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Tour de France | — | — | — | — | 108 | 105 |
| Vuelta a España | 130 | — | — | — | — | — |
Legend :
| — | Did not compete |
| DNF | Did not finish |
# May 1982 Central America floods

In late May 1982, an extended period of heavy rain associated with a long-lived Central American gyre led to disaster. Particularly hard-hit were Honduras and Nicaragua where at least 308 people were killed. Throughout the two countries, 308 people were killed and total damage was at $466 million (1982 USD). In the aftermath of the storm, many programs provided relief to the victims.

## Impact and aftermath

Torrential rains fell across Central America for several days, and precipitation totals were as high as 23.3 in (590 mm) in some areas with a peak of 57.32 in (1,456 mm) in Chinandega. A red cross official stated that "Entire families were swept away by [flood waters] and we know nothing about them". Because all sewers in Nicaragua were damaged, the water was contaminated. Ninety percent of the banana crop and 60 percent of the corn crop was completely destroyed. Throughout the country, 108 people were killed, (10 of which drowned in floodwaters). Roughly 20,000 people were homeless and total damage was estimated at $365 million (1982 USD); damage to highways, factories, and farms exceeded $100 million. In the northern portion of the country, a mudslide buried three small mountain villages, leaving 270 missing and only 29 survivors. About 15,000 sought to two emergency shelters. Many bridges were damaged. Since the capital city of Leon was hardest hit, a disaster area was declared for the nearby area. The floods were considered the worst disaster in the country in three years.
Across Honduras, 200 people were killed and 5,000 people were without food or water in just 13 communities. A total of 80,000 people were homeless which were later housed in schools, churches, and health victims. Total damage was placed at $101 million (1982 USD).
On May 27, the governments of both Honduras and Nicaragua appealed for international aid. Soldiers quickly sent food and medical to at least 50 communities in both countries. A second appeal was made shortly afterwards, which proposed for $5.1 million in medicine and other supplies. The red cross and United Nations (UN) appealed for $3 million in international relief. The UN granted Nicaragua a month's worth of food supply, but officials feared that this would not be enough. The government of Cuba announced that they would send 12,000 construction workers as well as 2,000 teachers, doctors, and officials to Nicaragua. Canada donated $220,000 via the League of Red Cross Societies. To prevent an epidemic of diseases such as typhoid fever, the Health Ministry started a program to give out vaccines which costs $5.1 million. The U.S. Embassy in Managua provided $25,000 in donations. The U.S. Embassy in Honduras attempted to outline a fact-fining mission to assess the damage and provide relief.
# Akeem Dent

Akeem Dent (born September 24, 1987) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker in the National Football League (NFL). He was selected by the Atlanta Falcons in the third round of the 2011 NFL draft. He played college football for the Georgia Bulldogs. He also played for the Houston Texans.

## Professional career

Pre-draft measurables :
| Height | Weight | Arm length | Hand span | 40-yard dash | 10-yard split | 20-yard split | 20-yard shuttle | Three-cone drill | Vertical jump | Broad jump | Bench press |
| 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m) | 242 lb (110 kg) | 32 in (0.81 m) | 10 in (0.25 m) | 4.73 s | 1.70 s | 2.72 s | 4.38 s | 6.93 s | 37.5 in (0.95 m) | 10 ft 3 in (3.12 m) | 24 reps |
| All values from NFL Combine/Pro Day ||||||||||||

### Atlanta Falcons

Dent was selected by the Atlanta Falcons in the third round (91st pick overall) of the 2011 NFL draft. He was signed by the team on July 28. Dent was selected to the Pro Football Weekly All-Rookie Team.

### Houston Texans

On June 18, 2014, Dent was traded to the Houston Texans for quarterback T. J. Yates.
Dent signed a two-year contract to stay with the Texans on March 24, 2015.

### Jacksonville Jaguars

On August 28, 2017, Dent signed with the Jacksonville Jaguars, only to be released on September 1.

## NFL career statistics

| Year | Team | Games | Games | Tackles | Tackles | Tackles | Tackles | Interceptions | Interceptions | Fumbles | Fumbles |
| Year | Team | GP | GS | Comb | Solo | Ast | Sack | PD | Int | FF | FR |
| 2011 | ATL | 16 | 0 | 20 | 13 | 7 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 2012 | ATL | 16 | 13 | 65 | 42 | 23 | 0.0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2013 | ATL | 15 | 7 | 51 | 26 | 25 | 1.5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2014 | HOU | 15 | 7 | 38 | 25 | 13 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2015 | HOU | 12 | 2 | 18 | 15 | 3 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2016 | HOU | 16 | 3 | 11 | 9 | 2 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Career | Career | 90 | 32 | 203 | 130 | 73 | 2.5 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 |

## Coaching career
### Houston Texans

On February 5, 2019, Dent was hired as a defensive assistant for the Houston Texans of the National Football League (NFL).

### Green Bay Packers

On May 11, 2022, Dent was announced as a member of the Green Bay Packers Bill Walsh Diversity Coaching Fellowship program.
# Thomas Holdup Stevens

Captain Thomas Holdup Stevens, USN (February 22, 1795 – January 21, 1841) was an American naval commander in the War of 1812.
Born in Charleston, South Carolina, Thomas Holdup was orphaned at an early age and was adopted by General Daniel Stevens. On February 8, 1809, he was appointed midshipman on board Hornet. From then until 1812, he served successively in Constitution, President, and John Adams. Late in 1812, he was assigned to duty with Commodore Isaac Chauncey and distinguished himself in the attack on Black Rock on November 28. Commodore Chauncey appointed him acting lieutenant in January 1813 and his permanent commission in that rank, to date from July 24, was confirmed by the Senate on August 3.
On September 10, he again distinguished himself as captain of the sloop, Trippe, during the Battle of Lake Erie. In 1815, an Act of the Legislature of South Carolina enabled him to add General Stevens' surname to his own. Following the War of 1812, Stevens held many posts, both ashore and afloat, including tours of duty at the Norfolk Naval Shipyard and the Washington Navy Yard. He was promoted to Master Commandant on March 3, 1825 and, in 1829, he embarked on a two-year tour as commanding officer of Ontario, serving in the Mediterranean Sea. In 1832, he was assigned to the Navy Yard at Pensacola and in 1836 he was appointed captain, to date from January 27, 1836. After waiting two years for orders, he was appointed to command of the Washington Navy Yard on February 29, 1840. He served in that capacity until his death there early on the morning of January 21, 1841.
The first Stevens (Destroyer No. 86) was named for the first Thomas Holdup Stevens and the second Stevens (DD-479) honored both him and his son, Rear Admiral Thomas Holdup Stevens, Jr.
Originally buried at the Congressional Cemetery in Washington, his remains were moved to Arlington National Cemetery in June 1905 to rest beside those of his son.
# Gulab Singh Tanwar

Gulab Singh Tanwar (also known as Captain Gulab Singh; born 1964) is an Indian film producer, business personality and a former pilot having worked with Indian Airlines. He is the founder and owner of Saarthi Airways which provides helicopters and aircraft to Corporates, HNI and politicians specialising in Election flying including top political leaders. He started this venture by leasing helicopter to Ajay Devgn Starrer film "Kacche Dhaage" in 1999.
He is known for his produced films like 72 Hoorain, Parched, Te3n and Rajma Chawal.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Producer |
| 2015 | Parched | Yes |
| 2016 | Te3n | Yes |
| 2018 | Rajma Chawal | Yes |
| 2018 | Chuskit | Yes |
| 2020 | The Shepherdess and the seven songs | Yes |
| 2022 | Naanera | Yes |
| 2023 | 72 Hoorain | Yes |
# Whitworth Female College

Whitworth Female College was a Methodist women's college in Brookhaven, Mississippi, founded in 1858 by Milton Whitworth. It is a Mississippi Landmark.

## History

The college was founded in 1858 by Milton J. Whitworth, opened in 1859, and disestablished in 1984. It was associated with the Mississippi Methodist Conference until 1938.
During the Civil War the college was used as a Confederate hospital and managed to reopen after the war's end.
In August 1878, local freemasons laid the cornerstone for a new brick building at the college, into which a time capsule was placed. Both U.S. Senator from Mississippi Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar II and Jefferson Davis were expected to attend the ceremony but were "unavoidably absent."
In 1925 the College was first accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. In 1928 the College began operation as a two-year institution associated with Millsaps College in Jackson, Mississippi. In 1938, because of financial difficulties, the board of trustees of the College voted to cease operations and merge the school with Millsaps College. The city of Brookhaven bought the campus and leased it out to various short-lived colleges between 1941 and 1984, when all educational operations at the location ceased.
In 2003 the state of Mississippi opened the Mississippi School of the Arts on the grounds of the former college.

## Vardaman's visit

During his term as Governor of Mississippi (1904-1908), white supremacist politician James Kimble Vardaman, known as the "Great White Chief," spoke at the college and was presented with a bouquet and the following poem:
   TO THE "WHITE CHIEFTAIN." White flowers to our chieftain white, Brookhaven's daughters send; To welcome him with glad delight The Southland's truest friend. Be not afraid! Thou white man's chief, The Anglo-Saxon Race Has yet to bend its neck beneath A victor's cruel mace. The blood is yours on land and sea Uphold thro' its supremacy.

## Notable alumnae

* Annie Coleman Peyton (1852-1898), co-founder of first state supported college for women in the US – Industrial Institute and College (now Mississippi University for Women) in Columbus, Mississippi
* Alice Cary McKinney (1865-1928), temperance and social reformer
* Lulah Ragsdale (1862-1953), poet, novelist and actor
* Nellie Nugent Somerville (1863–1952), first woman elected to the Mississippi Legislature
# Charlotte Mensah

Charlotte Irene Mensah (born May 1970) is a British/Ghanaian hairstylist. She is the founder and creative director of Hair Lounge, on London's Portobello Road. In November 2018 she became the first black woman to be inducted into the British Hairdressing Hall of Fame.

## Early life and education

Mensah was born in Hampstead, North West London. She spent her early childhood with her grandparents in Accra before returning to London at age 11. She honed her skills styling her younger sister's hair after their mother passed away when Mensah was 13. A school counsellor suggested Mensah go into the field professionally, and at age 16 in 1986, she began working at Splinters, Britain's first black hair dresser. She went on to study Hair Theory at the London College of Fashion.

## Personal life

Mensah lives in Notting Hill with her husband and their two children.

## Awards and recognition

Some of the awards she has won for her work include:
* 2012 - Weave Stylist of the Year and Hair Stylist of the Year at Beauty/Sensationnel Hair Awards
* 2013 - UK's best Afro Hairdresser of the Year at the British Hairdressing Awards
* 2014 - UK's best Afro Hairdresser of the Year at the British Hairdressing Awards
* 2017 - UK's best Afro Hairdresser of the Year at the British Hairdressing Awards
In February 2024, she was interviewed about her life and career on the BBC World Service's Witness History.

## Philanthropy
### Charlotte Mensah Academy

She founded the Charlotte Mensah Academy, through which she organises workshops to train young, less fortunate individuals in Ghana her skill.

### Ladies of Visionary Empowerment (LOVE)

She also founded the Ladies of Visionary Empowerment which aims at furthering education opportunities and empowerment for young women in Africa.
# Zuhaitz Gurrutxaga

Zuhaitz Gurrutxaga Loiola (born 23 November 1980) is a Spanish former footballer who played as a defender.

## Club career

Born in Elgoibar, Gipuzkoa, Gurrutxaga played four La Liga seasons with Real Sociedad, but was almost always a fringe player during his spell, his best output being 16 games in his first year. He made his debut in the competition on 23 January 2000 in a 1–1 away draw against Atlético Madrid, being sent off in the process.
After leaving Sociedad in the summer of 2004, following a short loan spell in the second division with Algeciras CF, Gurrutxaga resumed his career in the lower leagues, the sole exception being the 2009–10 campaign with Real Unión (24 matches, team relegation from the second tier).

## Musical career

Gurrutxaga was the front man and lead singer of Van Popel, an unattached band who toured mostly within the Basque Country.

## Honours

Spain U16
* UEFA European Under-16 Championship: 1997