# European interwar dictatorships

This is a list of dictatorial regimes operational in European states in the interwar period, the period between World War I and World War II.

## Table summary

| Country | Leader | Start | End | Duration (days) | Head of state | Head of government | Head of state party | Parliament | Party system |
| Albania | Ahmed Zogu | 1925-02-01 | 1939-04-07 | 5,178 | yes | until 1928 | no | redesigned | tolerated |
| Austria | Engelbert Dolfuss | 1933-03-07 | 1934-07-25 | 505 | no | yes | yes | redesigned | abolished |
| Austria | Kurt Schuschnigg | 1934-07-29 | 1938-03-12 | 1,322 | no | yes | since 1936 | redesigned | abolished |
| Bulgaria | Alexander Tsankov | 1923-06-09 | 1926-01-04 | 940 | no | yes | yes | coerced | tolerated |
| Bulgaria | Boris III | 1935-01-22 | 1943-08-28 | 3,140 | yes | no | no | redesigned | abolished |
| Czechoslovakia | collective | 1938-09-30 | 1939-03-15 | 166 | n/a | n/a | n/a | coerced | tolerated |
| Danzig | collective | 1933-06-24 | 1939-09-01 | 2,260 | n/a | n/a | n/a | coerced | tolerated |
| Estonia | Konstantin Päts | 1934-03-12 | 1940-06-17 | 2,289 | no | yes | no | redesigned | tolerated |
| Germany | Adolf Hitler | 1933-01-30 | 1945-04-30 | 4,473 | after 1934 | yes | yes | coerced | abolished |
| Greece | Theodoros Pangalos | 1925-06-24 | 1926-08-26 | 428 | since 1926 | until 1926 | no | coerced | tolerated |
| Greece | Ioannis Metaxas | 1936-08-04 | 1941-04-25 | 1,725 | no | yes | no | none | abolished |
| Hungary | Béla Kun | 1919-03-21 | 1919-08-01 | 133 | no | no | yes | none | tolerated |
| Hungary | Miklós Horthy | 1920-03-01 | 1944-10-15 | 8,994 | yes | no | no | coerced | tolerated |
| Italy | Benito Mussolini | 1922-10-31 | 1943-07-23 | 7,570 | no | yes | yes | redesigned | abolished |
| Latvia | Kārlis Ulmanis | 1934-05-15 | 1940-06-15 | 2,223 | since 1936 | yes | no | none | abolished |
| Lithuania | Antanas Smetona | 1926-12-19 | 1940-06-15 | 4,927 | yes | no | until 1926 | redesigned | tolerated |
| Poland | Józef Piłsudski | 1926-05-14 | 1935-05-12 | 3,285 | no | 1926–1930 | no | coerced | tolerated |
| Poland | collective | 1935-05-12 | 1939-09-17 | 1,589 | n/a | n/a | n/a | coerced | tolerated |
| Portugal | Sidónio Pais | 1917-12-17 | 1918-12-14 | 362 | since 1917 | yes | no | coerced | tolerated |
| Portugal | collective | 1926-05-28 | 1933-03-19 | 2,487 | n/a | n/a | n/a | coerced | tolerated |
| Portugal | António Salazar, Marcelo Caetano | 1933-03-19 | 1974-04-25 | 15,012 | no | yes | yes | redesigned | abolished |
| Romania | Carol II | 1938-02-11 | 1940-09-05 | 937 | yes | no | no | none | abolished |
| San Marino | Giuliano Gozi | 1923-04-01 | 1943-07-28 | 7,423 | intermittently | n/a | yes | coerced | abolished |
| Slovakia | Jozef Tiso | 1939-03-14 | 1945-04-01 | 2,210 | yes | until 1939 | yes | redesigned | tolerated |
| Soviet Russia | collective | 1917-11-07 | 1924-01-21 | 3,657 | n/a | n/a | n/a | coerced | abolished |
| Soviet Union | Joseph Stalin | 1924-01-21 | 1953-03-05 | 9,246 | no | since 1941 | yes | rubber stamp | abolished |
| Spain | Miguel Primo de Rivera | 1923-09-23 | 1930-01-28 | 2,319 | no | yes | yes | redesigned | abolished |
| Spain | collective | 1930-01-28 | 1931-04-14 | 441 | n/a | n/a | n/a | redesigned | tolerated |
| Spain (R) | collective | 1936-07-18 | 1939-03-31 | 986 | n/a | n/a | n/a | coerced | tolerated |
| Spain (N) | Francisco Franco | 1936-10-01 | 1975-11-20 | 14,294 | yes | until 1973 | yes | redesigned | abolished |
| Turkey | Mustafa Kemal Atatürk | 1920-05-03 | 1938-11-10 | 6,765 | since 1923 | until 1921 | yes | redesigned | tolerated |
| Turkey | collective | 1938-11-10 | 1950-05-22 | 4,211 | n/a | n/a | n/a | redesigned | tolerated |
| Yugoslavia | Alexander I | 1929-01-06 | 1934-04-09 | 1,919 | yes | no | no | redesigned | tolerated |
| Yugoslavia | collective | 1934-04-09 | 1941-03-27 | 2,544 | n/a | n/a | n/a | redesigned | tolerated |