OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cañas–Jerez Treaty

The Cañas–Jerez Treaty between Costa Rica and Nicaragua was enacted April 15, 1858 as a solution to the growing border tension between the two countries. The treaty was negotiated between Máximo Jerez representing Nicaragua and José María Cañas representing Costa Rica. It established a border between the two countries that skirts the southern edge of Lake Nicaragua, then moves east along the San Juan River for the last third of the division, following it north from where it forks from the Rio Colorado. The treaty puts the border on the right bank of the river, giving the river to Nicaragua, but provides commercial navigation rights to Costa Rica.

## The Negotiations

After the annexation of the Nicoya jurisdiction in 1824 by Costa Rica, Nicaragua reclaimed this territory on repeated occasions. Although Nicaragua claimed the land, arguments over the land still continued. In an attempt to mend these disputes over ownership many subsequent treaties were drawn up, including the treaty of Oreamuno-Buitrago (1838), Madriz-Zavala (1846), Molina-Juárez (1848), Molina-Marcoleta (1854), Cañas-Juárez (1857), Cañas-Martínez treaty (1857) and the Webster-Crampton (1852) treaty. Despite all these actions, none of the treaties were agreed upon by both parties. Eventually a Webster-Crampton treaty was approved. In April 1858, Nicaragua sent Máximo Jerez Tellería, the Minister of Plenipotentiary to San Jose to try to negotiate a new agreement. Costa Rica subsequently appointed General José María Cañas Escamilla to negotiate with Telería. The negotiations took place in the presence of Féliz Belly, a French journalist who was interested in a contract to build a new canal. On April 15 the new treaty was approved narrowly by the Costa Rican Congress and was also approved by the Constituent Assembly of Nicaragua. Juan Rafael, the Costa Rican president traveled to the Nicaraguan city of Rivas where the treaty was exchanged with the Nicaraguan president, Tomás Martínez Guerrero.
In the 1870s, Nicaragua began to object the validity of the treaty. In an attempt to resolve the differences, the following negotiations were held and signed in addition the previous treaty, Herrera-Zavala (1872), Víquez-Step (1886), and Zambrana-Alvarez (1883). The Castro-Navas (1884) talks were not settled. During 1886, more tensions rose between Costa Rica and Nicaragua but to the assistance of Guatalama, an arbitrary agreement was signed by the Licensed Ascension Esquivel Ibarra, of Costa Rica and Mr. José Antonio Román of Nicaragua. At the Esquivel- Román meeting, it was agreed that the validity of the Cañas-Jerez treaty was possibly invalid by the United States President. On March 22, 1888, president Grover Cleveland recognized the validity of the Cañas-Jerez treaty. Cleveland clarified many points of unclear interpretation within the treaty.
# 1858 City of Auckland by-election

The City of Auckland by-election 1858 was a by-election held in the City of Auckland electorate during the 2nd New Zealand Parliament, on 27 April 1858.
The by-election was caused by the resignation of incumbent MP John Campbell and was won by Thomas Forsaith on a show of hands.
# 1858 Pensioner Settlements by-election

The Pensioner Settlements by-election 1858 was a by-election held in the multi-member Pensioner Settlements electorate during the 2nd New Zealand Parliament, on 29 April 1858.
The by-election was caused by the resignation of incumbent MP Joseph Greenwood and was won by Jermyn Symonds. On nomination day (28 April) Jermyn Symonds and Captain Balneavis were nominated, and after a show of hands in favour of Symonds, Balneavis demanded a poll. John Symonds was subsequently elected the following day.

## Results

1858 Pensioner Settlements by-election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Independent | Jermyn Symonds | 262 | 52.6 |
| | Independent | Captain Balneavis | 236 | 47.4 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 498 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 26 | |
# Harry Stebbings

Harry Stebbings (born 1996) is a British venture capitalist known for starting "The Twenty Minute VC" podcast. In 2020, he launched his own venture capital fund called 20VC. He is a recipient of the Forbes 30 Under 30 Europe list recognition.

## Career

Stebbings started The Twenty Minute VC podcast with $50 and not a single contact in the venture capital industry. The first episode was an interview with Guy Kawasaki, released on 10 January 2015.
In May 2017, Stebbings left his job at venture capital firm Atomico after six months working there.
Stebbings stepped down as partner at Stride.VC, a firm he co-founded with Fred Destin in 2018 with £100,000,000.
Stebbings launched his venture capital fund, 20VC fund, in May 2020. In June 2021, Stebbings raised a further US$140,000,000 in funding. The fund focuses on investments in Europe and North America. One of its largest investments to date is in mobile games company Tripledot Studios. Other notable investments include Pachama, Nex Health, Sorare, Captions.ai, Linktree, Taxdoo, Linear and Merge. As of 2024, the firm manages over $600 million in assets.
In October 2024, Stebbings raised $400m for his third fund. The fund will be split between $125m for seed investments and $275m for Series A investments in tech companies.

## Recognition

In 2019, Stebbings was included on the Forbes 30 Under 30 in Europe list, in the finance category.
# Shwendesky Joseph

Shwendesky Marcelus Joseph (born 18 November 1997) is a Haitian footballer who plays as a striker for Zenit.

## Early life

Joseph was born in 1997 in Delmas and grew up in Pernier, playing football from an early age.

## College career

Joseph obtained a degree in civil engineering while attending university in Russia.

## Club career

Besides Haiti, Joseph has played in Russia. She is nicknamed "Kiki".

## International career

After missing the two intercontinental play-off matches with Haiti against Senegal and Chile, to prepare for the senior 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup, national coach Nicolas Delépine called up Schwendesky for friendly matches.

## Style of play

Joseph is known for her speed and composure in front of goal. She mainly operates as a striker.

## Personal life

Joseph has two sisters., one of which practices obstetrics and gynecology in South Carolina.
# Natalia Mashina

Natalia Viktorovna Mashina (Russian: Наталья Викторовна Машина born 28 March 1997) is a Russian footballer. She plays as forward for Fatih Karagümrük in the Turkish Women's Football Super League, as well as the Russia women's national football team.

## Personal life

Natalia Mashina was born in Moscow, Russia on 28 March 1997. She studied at the Russian State Social University in Moscow.

## Club career

Mashina began to play football in the Youth Sports School of "Savyolovsky No. 75". She played in her country for CSP Izmailovo (2014), WFC Rossiyanka (2014–2015), ZFK CSKA Moscow (2016–2020), ZFK Zenit Saint Petersburg (2020–2021) and WFC Lokomotiv Moscow (2022).
She is 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) tall at 60 kg (130 lb), and plays in the forward position.
Mid January 2023, she moved to Turkey, and signed with the Istanbul-based Super League club Fatih Karagümrük .

## International career

Mashina played for the Russia U-17 team between 2014. She was a member of the Russia U-19 team in 2016. She was then admitted to the Russia women's team in the years 2017 and 2021–2022. She enjoyed the national team's bronze medal won at the 2017 Summer Universiade in Taipei, Taiwan. The same year, she played at the Algarve Cup. She was a member of the national team, which became runners-up at the 2022 Pinatar Cup.

## International goals

| No. | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1. | 1 March 2017 | Lagos Municipal Stadium, Lagos, Portugal | Portugal | 1–0 | 1–0 | 2018 Algarve Cup |
| 2. | 22 September 2020 | Slokas Stadium, Jūrmala, Latvia | Estonia | 2–0 | 3–0 | UEFA Women's Euro 2022 qualifying |
| 3. | 27 October 2020 | Sapsan Arena, Moscow, Russia | Turkey | 4–0 | 4–2 | UEFA Women's Euro 2022 qualifying |
| 4. | 14 July 2023 | Central Stadium, Kazan, Russia | Iran | 4–0 | 4–0 | Friendly |
| 5. | 26 October 2024 | Emirhan Sports Complex, Antalya, Turkey | Haiti | 1–0 | 2–1 | 2024 Pink Ladies Cup |
# Battle of Borowe Młyny

The Battle of Borowe Mlyny, one of many skirmishes of the January Uprising, took place on 16 April 1863 near the village of Borowe Mlyny in southeastern part of Russian-controlled Congress Poland. 300 Polish insurgents under Colonel Marcin Borelowski clashed with approximately 1,000 soldiers of the Imperial Russian Army.
Borelowski and his party camped in a forest between the villages of Majdan Sopocki and Borowiec. They were spotted by Russians, whose garrison was stationed in Tarnogród. The Russians immediately sent approximately 1,000 soldiers, who attacked the Poles. While some Polish insurgents decided to fight, others fled through nearby border to Austrian Galicia. Polish and Russian losses in the skirmish are unknown.
# Pachrophylla

Pachrophylla is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae.
There are 4 species in this genus:
* Pachrophylla aorops Prout, 1926
* Pachrophylla esmerelda Butler & Salvin, 1893
* Pachrophylla linearia Blanchard, 1852
* Pachrophylla margaretae Sperry, 1954
# Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor

Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors are compounds that slow or stop the action of the arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (5-lipoxygenase or 5-LOX) enzyme, which is responsible for the production of inflammatory leukotrienes. The overproduction of leukotrienes is a major cause of inflammation in asthma, allergic rhinitis, and osteoarthritis.
Examples of 5-LOX inhibitors include the pharmaceutical drugs meclofenamate sodium, zileuton and the natural products myxochelins/pseudochelin as well as nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA).
Some chemicals found in trace amounts in food, as well as some dietary supplements, have been shown to inhibit 5-LOX; these include baicalein, caffeic acid, curcumin, hyperforin and St John's wort.
Acetyl-keto-beta-boswellic acid (AKBA), one of the bioactive boswellic acids found in Boswellia serrata (Indian Frankincense) has been found to inhibit 5-lipoxygenase strongly as an allosteric inhibitor. Boswellia administration has been shown to reduce brain edema in patients irradiated for brain tumor and it is believed to be due to 5-lipoxygenase inhibition.
# Karin Abma

Karin Abma (born 5 December 1951) is a retired Dutch rower. She was most successful in the coxless pair, winning two medals with Joke Dierdorp at the world championships of 1977 and 1978. In the women's eight, she was fourth at the 1975 World Rowing Championships and eighth at the 1976 Summer Olympics.
# Kristina Komissarova

Kristina Olegovna Komissarova (Russian: Кристина Олеговна Комиссарова; born 24 February 2001) is a Russian footballer who plays as a midfielder and has appeared for the Russia women's national team.

## Career

Komissarova has been capped for the Russia national team, appearing for the team during the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup qualifying cycle.

## International goals

| No. | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1. | 26 October 2024 | Emirhan Sports Complex, Antalya, Turkey | Kenya | 4–0 | 4–0 | 2024 Pink Ladies Cup |
# 1862 Hampden by-election

The 1862 Hampden by-election was a by-election held on 14 June 1862 in the Hampden electorate during the 3rd New Zealand Parliament.
The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent, Thomas Fraser, on 30 April 1862. He had been vacated for absence.
James Williamson was declared elected unopposed, as he was the only candidate nominated. Julius Vogel was also nominated, but declined.
# Myford

Myford Limited is a British machine tool manufacturer originally based at 10-12 East Parade, Leeds, West Yorkshire in the United Kingdom under its former name of L & P 240 Limited. The company is notable for its continuation of production of Myford metalworking lathes since the original company (Myford (Holdings) Ltd was wound up.

## Original company

The company's original name was the Myford Engineering Company, having been founded by Cecil Moore in 1934.
Very few changes took place to the core product after 1953 when the Super 7 lathe was introduced, itself an improvement of the ML 7. This model of lathe is still widely used within the field of model engineering.
Other products made by the company include ML8 wood turning lathe, 4" planer, MG12H cylindrical grinder, 254 engineers lathe and the Speed 10 lathe. Most of these are no longer in production.
As of 2010 the business was still owned by the family, and run by Moore's grandson Christopher Moore. During mid-July 2011 Myford announced a "liquidation sale" stating that it would be last opportunity to buy "spares, lathes and plant equipment" from Myford themselves at the Beeston site.

## New company

Myford Ltd was founded by solicitor Jonathan Oxley with an original name of L & P 240 Limited. The name was changed to Myford Ltd on 26 August 2011 and continues to run from its base in West Yorkshire, where lathes are still built and refurbished.
Oxley left the company on 1 August 2011, leaving the company in the hands of the Dickinson brothers, Richard and Christian, and their mother Christine. Richard also has a machine tool supplying business, RDG Tools, based at the same premises which he started in 1992

## Beeston

Ian Mills, Notts County F.C.'s statistician, worked as an electrician at Myford until 2011.
In 2013 property developers M & R E submitted outline planning condition for transforming the old Myford site at Wilmot Lane in Beeston into housing.
# Los Tiguerones

Los Tiguerones are an Ecuadorian crime syndicate that specializes in drug trafficking activities, assassinations, and other crimes. The group split from Los Choneros in 2020, along with Los Lobos and Los Chone Killers following the murder of Los Choneros leader Jorge Luis Zambrano. The group is based in Esmeraldas.

## History

When Los Choneros leader Zambrano was killed in 2020, Los Chone Killers and several other gangs split off due to disagreements with the leadership of José Adolfo Macías Villamar. Clashes and massacres in prisons across Ecuador broke out in the wake of the split.
In 2021, Los Tiguerones, along with other gangs formerly allied to Los Choneros, including Los Chone Killers, Los Pipos, and Los Lobos, announced the creation of an alliance dubbed Nueva Generación after an alliance with Jalisco New Generation Cartel.
On 28 September 2021, a dispute between Los Lobos and Los Choneros in the Litoral Penitentiary, Guayaquil, led to a riot that killed 123 inmates and injured over 80, becoming the deadliest prison riot in Ecuador's history. In that riot, members of the Los Tiguerones gang attacked inmates in pavilions 1 and 3 and beheaded five of them. Los Chone Killers and Tiguerones killed sixty-eight inmates in November 2021 at a prison riot in Litoral Penitentiary.
# St. John's Episcopal Church (Portland, Oregon)

Oaks Pioneer Church, formerly known as St. John's Episcopal Church, in southeast Portland in the U.S. state of Oregon is a non-denominational one-story chapel listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Built in 1851, it was added to the register in 1974. It is the oldest intact church building in Oregon.
Located in Oaks Pioneer Park in the Sellwood neighborhood, the rectangular post-and-beam structure has a footprint of 18 by 42 feet (5.5 by 12.8 m). Fashioned from a partly completed house owned by pioneer Lot Whitcomb, it was the first Episcopal church in Oregon.
Whitcomb was a steamboat operator who founded the community of Milwaukie. The church, originally sited on the outskirts of Milwaukie, was moved nearer the town's center in 1862. Modifications over the years included revisions to the chancel in 1869 and the windows, siding, and belfry in 1888. The belfry contains a ship's bell that belonged to Whitcomb.
Supplanted by a new church building in 1948 (St. John the Evangelist Episcopal Church in Milwaukie, Oregon) and scheduled for demolition in 1969, the church was saved by private interests that paid to float it down the Willamette River on a barge and install it in Oaks Pioneer Park. In the 21st century, the church functions as a museum and wedding site.
# Rosalie Gicanda

Queen Dowager Rosalie Gicanda (1928 – 20 April 1994) was the wife of Rwandan King (Kinyarwanda: mwami) Mutara III Rudahigwa. After her husband died in mysterious circumstances in 1959, the Rwandan monarchy lasted only two more years, under the leadership of King Kigeli V Ndahindurwa and then coming to an end with the Rwandan Revolution in 1961. However, the Queen continued to live in Butare in Butare Province, Rwanda, along with her mother and several ladies-in-waiting, where she was later murdered during the Rwandan genocide.

## Life

In 1953 the American writer John Gunther visited Rwanda in preparation for his book Inside Africa. After interviewing her husband Mutara III, Gunther met socially with Queen Rosalie Gicanda. He described her as being shy in manner, speaking French well but not having travelled widely.

## Death

On 20 April 1994, as the Rwandan genocide began in earnest in Butare, a detachment of soldiers commanded by Lt. Pierre Bizimana, acting under the orders of Capt. Ildéphonse Nizeyimana, kidnapped the former Queen along with others from her house. They then took the captives behind the National Museum (now the Ethnographic Museum) and shot them. Only a younger girl survived to tell the story of the murders. Two days later, the Queen's mother was also murdered. At the request of a priest, Butare mayor Kanyabashi recovered Queen Gicanda’s body and had it buried in the yard next to her house.

## Public reaction

The Queen was a living symbol for Tutsis, and her murder shocked many. It effectively signaled the beginning of the mass killing in the Butare area, which saw some of the worst atrocities committed during the fighting.
After the genocide, a Rwandan military court found Bizimana and Private 1st Class Aloys Mazimpaka guilty of genocide and the murder of Queen Gicanda and her family. (Chambre Specialisée du Conseil de Guerre de Butare, case no. LMD 187, LP 0001-PS 97, Judgment pronounced July 27, 1998.) Bizimana was sentenced to death, Mazimpaka to life in prison.
On 6 October 2009, Nizeyimana was arrested in Kampala, Uganda. Nizeyimana was one of the most wanted suspects in the Rwandan genocide. On 19 June 2012, he was convicted by the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda of ordering the killing of the former Tutsi queen, as well as other murders, and was sentenced to life imprisonment.
# Klaudia Grzelak

Klaudia Grzelak (born 12 February 1996) is a Polish volleyball player. She plays for LTS Legionovia Legionowo in the Orlen Liga.
Grzelak was part of the winning Polish team at the 2013 Girls' Youth European Volleyball Championship.
# Park Place School

The Park Place School in the Point Breeze neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania was built in 1903 at the then-extravagant cost of $100,000, with 9 classrooms and a basement play area.
The school closed in 1979 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. Later, it briefly functioned as an apartment building. Since 2012 it has hosted part of the Environmental Charter School.
# Sandër Lleshaj

Sandër Lleshaj (born 25 January 1963) is an Albanian politician who has served as the Minister of Internal Affairs of Albania.

## Early life

He was born in Selitë, Mirditë, Albania on January 25, 1963. He remained in his hometown until he was 14 years old.

## Military career

As for his education in the military field, he began in 1978-1985 when he attended the Skanderbeg Military High School and the Military Academy. From 1994 to 1999 he completed a series of courses, such as the German language at the National Defense Academy in Vienna (Austria); advanced German language course at the Federal Language Institute (Bundessprachenamt) in Germany; course of the Battalion Commander at the Anti-Artillery Artillery School in Rendsburg, Germany; General Staff course at the Academy of Management in Hamburg, Germany and European Security course at the Academy of Management in Hamburg, Germany. In 2008, Lleshi completed the Senior Executive Seminar at the George C. Marshall Center for European Security Studies in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany; In 2011 he completed the International Higher Defense Management Course at the Naval Graduate School in Monterey, California, USA.
He has held the position of Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Albania since 2010. From 1996 to 2000, General Lleshi was Commander of Courses at the Defense Academy in Tirana and then, for three more years, Commander of the Skanderbeg Military Academy. In 2003-2006 he served as Defense Attaché of the Republic of Albania in Germany.
# 1818 Chilean constitutional referendum

A referendum on Chile's provisional constitution was held on 23 October 1818. The provisional constitution, which was successfully adopted, was written by the legislative council at Bernardo O'Higgins's request. The resulting document included 141 articles. It established a Director Supremo with an unlimited term of office who would appoint all judges, governors, offices and secretaries. The Director Supremo could also appoint five members and five alternate members in the senate. The Senate was granted some limited power to veto actions of the Director Supremo. This provisional constitution also established three provinces with governors, and specified that Catholicism was the only legal religion. This provisional document was approved, but was replaced with a permanent constitution in 1822.
# St. John's Episcopal Church (Tallahassee, Florida)

St. John's Episcopal Church is an historic church in Tallahassee, Florida. It is located at 211 North Monroe Street. On August 10, 1978, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.
The church body was first constituted in 1829. Services were held in the old Leon County court house on Monroe Street from 1829 to 1837. From 1837 to 1879 services were held in first church building at the same site. This building was consecrated in 1838, but eventually burned down in 1879. Services resumed in the court house, which also eventually burned down, and then in the capitol building, during the erection of present Gothic style, red brick church, erected in 1880 and dedicated in 1888. This building still stands, with art glass and memorial glass windows, pipe organ, bronze memorial tablet, altar service, bronze memorial tablet, altar service, carved lectern, prie-dieu, carillon. The church owns its rectory.
# St. John's Episcopal Church (Wytheville, Virginia)

St. John's Episcopal Church is a historic Episcopal church in Wytheville, Virginia, United States. The church was built between 1854 and 1857, and is a Classical Revival style brick church building on a limestone foundation. The front facade features a pedimented portico with a full entablature supported by four monumental Doric order columns of parged brick. Atop the slate roof is an octagonal cupola with arcaded belfry. Attached to the church is a two-story, brick parish hall constructed in 1907, and a large, two-story office wing constructed in 1954.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.
# Sandra Zwolle

Sandra Kornelia Zwolle (born 15 March 1971) is a retired speed skater from the Netherlands who was active between 1988 and 1999. She competed at the 1998 Winter Olympics in the 500 m and 1000 m and finished in 17th and 15th place, respectively. She won a bronze medal in the 1500 m at the world championships in 1996 and a silver medal in the 1000 m in 1997. Nationally, she won the 1000 m in 1995 and 1996 and collected more than ten silver and bronze medals in various disciplines between 1991 and 1999.
After retirement from competitions she worked as a sports commentator at the Thialf ice arena.
Personal bests:
* 500 m – 39.88 (1998)
* 1000 m – 1:17.69 (1998)
* 1500 m – 2:02.74 (1996)
* 3000 m – 4:31.25 (1996)
* 5000 m – 8:01.01 (1992)