OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Loyal Lusitanian Legion

The Loyal Lusitanian Legion (LLL) was a foreign volunteer corps of the British Army, organized with Portuguese émigrés in England, that fought in the Peninsular War. The LLL was created by the initiative of Portuguese Army Colonels José Maria Moura and Carlos Frederico Lecor – exiled in England after the occupation of Portugal by the Napoleonic Army – and the Portuguese Ambassador in London Chevalier de Sousa, with the support of the British government.
The LLL received the title "Loyal" to distinguish itself from the much larger Portuguese Legion, mobilized at the same time with the best units and officers of the disbanded Portuguese Army by direct order of Napoleon and which would fight for him in the several European campaigns.
The LLL included not only Portuguese, but also British (including its commanding officer, Colonel Robert Wilson) and Germans.
The Legion was organized in Plymouth, in July 1808 and landed in Oporto, Portugal in September of the same year. Between 1808 and 1811, as part of the Anglo-Portuguese Army, the LLL fought against the Napoleonic Imperial Armies in the Peninsular War. It was present at the battles of Busaco (Portugal, 27.9.1810; ca 2,000 men; commander: Baron Eben, German,* 1773; source: O. Pusch, 1986) and Talavera de la Reina, but was especially used to conduct raids and other irregular operations in the rear of the French Army, as part of Portuguese and Spanish militia forces.
The LLL was disbanded on 4 May 1811, after being transferred to the Portuguese Army, with its units being transformed into the 7th, 8th and 9th battalions of caçadores.

## Organization

The Loyal Lusitanian Legion was organized as a regiment of light infantry, with an attached artillery battery. It included:
* Regimental staff, LLL;
* 1st Battalion, LLL;
* 2nd Battalion, LLL;
* Artillery corps, LLL.
Each battalion included 1,000 men in 10 companies. The artillery corps was a battery with six field guns and 80 men.
When the LLL was disbanded, the 1st battalion became the 7th Caçadores and the 2nd battalion the 8th Caçadores. The 9th Caçadores was organized with the rest of the Legion's men.

## Uniforms

As a light infantry unit, the Loyal Lusitanian Legion received green uniforms similar to those of the British rifles regiments. Furthermore, green was the livery colour of the Portuguese Royal House of Braganza, to whom the Legion remained loyal.
# Chen Zi'ang

Chen Zi'ang (Chinese: 陳子昂, 661 (or 656)–702), courtesy name Boyu (伯玉), was a Chinese poet of the Tang dynasty. He was important in helping to bring into being the type of poetry which is considered to be characteristically "Tang". Dissatisfied with the current state of poetry at the time, he helped, almost paradoxically, to usher in a new age of Chinese poetry by keeping his eye on remote antiquity. He would soon be followed by such poets of the golden age of Tang poetry as Wang Wei, Li Bai, and Du Fu.

## Biography

A native of Shehong County in modern Sichuan province, Chen Zi'ang was the son of a rich man, and did not travel to the imperial capital to take his exams until he was in his twenties. He completed the Jinshi level of the Imperial Examination at age twenty-four.
Having arrived in the city of Chang'an, Chen succeeded in calling attention to his poetry by expensive and elaborate means. With a flourish that startled onlookers in the city marketplace, he began by paying the asking price of a million kaiyuan tongbao for a Tartar musical instrument. Then, responding to intense curiosity among the crowd, he claimed to be an expert at playing that instrument and invited everyone to see him perform the next day. The next day he arranged a lavish feast in preparation. Rather than performing any music, however, he got up and, introducing himself as a poet and essayist, proceeded to smash to bits the musical instrument for which he had paid so much. He then handed out copies of his works, including his Thirty-Eight Lyrics.
As an important advisor to the Empress Wu Zetian, Chen was a firm advocate of poetry reflecting real life, and with his active interest in politics, much of his work includes suggestions of social commentary. Some have suggested that it was because of his work that he suffered persecution at the hands of Wu Sansi; he died in 702, having been in and out of prison for a number of years.

## Poetry and Works

A letter from Chen to a friend shows his attitude as a formative poet of the Early Period of Tang poetry:
   The art of letters has been declining for five hundred years ... In my leisure hours, I have looked into the poems of the Ch'i and Liang Dynasties, and I could not help sighing when I found all genuine feeling and insight were smothered by meaningless figures of speech and a squeamish refinement of words. So much rhetoric and so little sentiment! When will the grand tradition of Shih Ching revive?
Chen Zi'ang is especially well known for "Ganyu" (感遇, his collection of thirty-eight poems, heavily influenced by Daoism and written in a simpler vocabulary than was typical of poetry of that time. He has one poem in the Three Hundred Tang Poems, translated by Witter Bynner as "On a Gate-tower at Yuzhou."
# Renascent Misanthropy

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metalforge | |
Renascent Misanthropy Is the debut album for Australian Black Metal band Astriaal.

## Background

Renascent Misanthropy contained a mix of new unreleased recordings, and some new recordings of songs previously found on various demo's and EP's. Lachlan Mitchell of Nazxul fame was hired as a producer and engineer for the album, as well as providing synthesizers for some of the album's tracks. Originally released in jewel case by Gryphon's Blacktalon Media Label, with various re-releases by Aftermath Music and Obsidian records. The latter included a CD-ROM featuring a live video of Arborescence and a photo gallery.
A vinyl pressing was released in June 2012 by Art of Propaganda and limited to 300 copies.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Astriaal
    Note: The Funeral Procession Performed by Tharen .
    Note: The Halls of Perdition Performed by Arzarkhel .

## Personnel

* Arzarkhel – All vocals and lyrics
* Gryphon - Drums and percussion
* Baaruhl - lead, Rhythm and Acoustic guitars
* Murtach – bass guitar

### Addition personnel

* Helthor - Co arrangement and Composition
* Lachlan Mitchell - Synthesizers
# Roy Thompson (politician)

Roy Thompson (born 1946) is a former Northern Irish unionist politician who has served as both a Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) and Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) representative.

## Background

A dairy farmer by profession Thompson was involved in politics from an early age and was a founder member of the DUP, serving on the new party's executive. He was elected to Antrim Borough Council in the 1981 elections and the following year was elected to the Northern Ireland Assembly for South Antrim. Whilst serving as deputy mayor of Antrim in 1992 he resigned from the DUP for unknown reasons, although he stated publicly that his decision had nothing to do with Ian Paisley's leadership.
Thompson has subsequently changed political allegiance on a number of occasions. In the 1993 local elections he was returned to Antrim Council as an Independent Unionist before in 1997 retaining the seat as a UUP member. He remained a councillor until 2005 when he was defeated, having returned to the DUP. Once again representing the DUP Thompson was re-elected to the council in 2011. Roy Thompson was convicted of subsidy fraud in November 2003.
# Treaty of Königsberg (1384)

The Treaty of Königsberg was a treaty during Lithuanian Civil War (1381–1384) signed between Vytautas the Great and representatives of the Teutonic Knights. It was signed in Königsberg (now Kaliningrad) on 30 January 1384. Vytautas granted territory to the Teutonic Knights in return for their support in the civil war.

## Treaty

In order to secure Teutonic support in the civil war, Vytautas signed the Treaty of Königsberg, granting Samogitia up to the Nevėžis River and Kaunas to the Teutonic Order. In 1382, Jogaila had promised the Knights Samogitia only up to the Dubysa River, but never ratified the Treaty of Dubysa. Samogitia was important for the Knights as this territory physically separated them from uniting with the Livonian Order to the north. Vytautas also promised to become the Order's vassal. In February 1384, several Samogitian regions acknowledged their support to Vytautas and the Knights.
On 16 July 1384, Vytautas re-confirmed the Treaty of Königsberg in New Marienverder, a new fortress built on the Neman River. However, the treaty was broken in July when Vytautas and Jogaila reconciled. Vytautas burned Teutonic castles and returned to Lithuania.
During the Lithuanian Civil War (1389–1392) Vytautas once again asked for military support from the Knights. On 19 January 1390, he signed the Treaty of Lyck, confirming the Treaty of Königsberg only to break it again in 1392. Vytautas granted Samogitia to the Knights twice more, first in the Treaty of Salynas (1398) and then in the Treaty of Raciąż (1404).
Lithuanian historian Danilevičius and Polish historian Koneczny raised doubts whether the treaty is original and not a Teutonic forgery.
# Zahed Mohamed

Zahed Salem (born 24 June 1992), formerly known as Zahed Mohamed, is a professional squash player who represented Egypt. He reached a career high ranking of 14 in the world during March 2019.

## Career

Mohamed enjoyed a meteoric rise up the World Rankings in recent years and has performed consistently well since he joined the PSA World Tour as a 17-year-old. He lifted his first PSA World Tour title in 2011 at the Al Hassan Squash Open where he bested Qualifier Mazen Hesham in a comfortable 3–0 final rout.
He doubled his title tally a year later when he won the Royal Jordanian Squash Open, against the local player Ahmad Al-Saraj being the unlucky party this time round.
It was then Zahed's turn to be unlucky as a number of runner-up finishes followed over the next two years with a 3–2 defeat to Ali Farag in the 2015 Alexandria Open finale, particularly being a close match.
In October 2024, Salem won his 7th PSA title after securing victory in the Wakefield Open during the 2024–25 PSA Squash Tour.
# Microregion of Votuporanga

The Microregion of Votuporanga (Portuguese: Microrregião de Votuporanga) is located on the northwest of São Paulo state, Brazil, and is made up of 9 municipalities. It belongs to the Mesoregion of São José do Rio Preto.
The microregion has a population of 139,475 inhabitants, in an area of 3,208.7 km²

## Municipalities

The microregion consists of the following municipalities, listed below with their 2010 Census populations (IBGE/2010):
* Álvares Florence: 3,897
* Américo de Campos: 5,706
* Cardoso: 12,805
* Cosmorama: 7,214
* Parisi: 2,132
* Pontes Gestal: 3,518
* Riolândia: 12,575
* Valentim Gentil: 17,036
* Votuporanga:104,692
# WJAW-FM

WJAW-FM (100.9 MHz) is a radio station broadcasting a country music format. Licensed to McConnelsville, Ohio, United States. The station is currently owned by Jawco Inc.
# Mittelhäusern railway station

Mittelhäusern railway station (German: Bahnhof Mittelhäusern) is a railway station in the municipality of Köniz, in the Swiss canton of Bern. It is an intermediate stop on the standard gauge Bern–Schwarzenburg line of BLS AG.

## Services

As of the December 2024 timetable change, the following services stop at Mittelhäusern:
* Bern S-Bahn: S6: half-hourly service between Bern and Schwarzenburg.
# Swage nut

A swage nut or self-clinching nut is a type of nut or threaded insert that is used on sheet metal.
It permanently anchors itself to the sheet metal by swaging the surrounding material. Generally, the swage nut is made of a hard metal such as stainless steel, which is inserted into a pre-drilled hole in a softer ductile material such as aluminum. The inserted shank has three diameters: a main shaft which fits the hole closely, a thin smaller-diameter undercut, and a larger-diameter serrated clinching ring. Forcing the clinching ring into softer material, with an arbor press or by tightening a screw through the hole, causes it to plastically deform (swage) into the annular recess in the shank. This locks the nut into the hole. The knurling on the clinching ring is not necessary for this step, but prevents the nut from rotating after installation.
This is a popular method for adding strong, load-bearing threads to a relatively thin piece of sheet metal. Commercial varieties exist to suit common sheet metals, such as mild steel, stainless steel, and aluminum, and can include finishes for corrosion resistance.
Self-clinching nuts are described in National Aerospace Standard NASM45938 which supersedes military specification MIL-N-45938

## History

Albert Spokes filed for a U.S. patent on the swage nut in early 1958. The swage nut is descended from an older idea, the clinch nut. Clinch nuts incorporate a tubular shaft that fits through the part to be attached and is clinched or riveted in place from the opposite side.
# Laylokhon Sobirova

Laylokhon Sobirova (born 28 February 2003) is an Uzbekistani freestyle wrestler competing in the 57 kg division.

## Career

Third place in the 57 kg category at the 2022 Bolat Turlykhanov event. Bronze medalist of the 2022 Asian Games. 2023 Asian runner-up. 2022 Asian Junior champion.
In 2023, she competed in the women's 57 kg event at the Wrestling at the 2022 Asian Games held in Hangzhou, China and won one of bronze medals.
Sobirova competed at the 2024 Asian Wrestling Olympic Qualification Tournament in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan hoping to qualify for the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris, France. She was eliminated in her second match and she did not qualify for the Olympics. Sobirova also competed at the 2024 World Wrestling Olympic Qualification Tournament held in Istanbul, Turkey without qualifying for the Olympics. In January 2025, she was runner-up at the Ivan Yarygin cup in Krasnoyarsk, Russia

## Achievements

| Year | Tournament | Location | Result | Event |
| 2023 | Asian Games | Hangzhou, China | 3rd | Freestyle 57 kg |
| 2023 | Asian Championships | Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia | 2nd | Freestyle 57 kg |
# Line regiment

The line regiments formed the majority of the regiments in European standing armies in the early 20th century. These were all the regiments that did not have a specialist role - such as guards regiments. They are also often referred to as regiments of the line or, depending on the branch, as "infantry of the line", "line cavalry", etc.
For example, in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the line regiments did not include the guards regiments, the Landwehr, Landsturm or irregular light troops. When light infantry, that hitherto had been organised in small units like the free battalions (Freibataillone), became part of the line troops, and the Landwehr, national guards and the like became part of the warfighting army, the term "line regiment" was used to distinguish the standing, active, regular units from the rest.
There were line regiments in the infantry (line infantry), cavalry, and artillery. They usually made up the main body of an army's strength.

## Examples
### Cavalry

In the British Army during the late 19th century and First World War, the Line Cavalry Regiments were the regiments of the Dragoon Guards, Dragoons, Hussars, and Lancers.
In the Napoleonic Wars, the French Army had up to 30 regiments of dragoons which comprised the "cavalry of the line".
# Cent-Suisses

The Cent-Suisses (French pronunciation: , Hundred Swiss) were an elite infantry company of Swiss mercenaries that served the French kings from 1471 to 1792 and from 1814 to 1830.

## History

The unit was created in 1471 by King Louis XI. Originally, the company was composed of a hundred men, all from Switzerland and armed with halberds, who were selected for their above-average height. As the weapons of the time evolved, notably with the appearance of firearms, its members were divided between pikemen and arquebusiers.
When Swiss mercenaries learned that King Charles VIII was preparing an expedition against Naples, they rushed en masse to be recruited. By the end of 1494, thousands of them were in Rome to join the French Royal Army which would occupy Naples the following February. In 1495, the king's life was saved thanks to the actions of his Swiss infantrymen. Louis de Menthon was appointed the first commander of the Cent-Suisses in 1496. The unit was part of the Maison militaire du roi de France (military household of the king of France).
The Cent-Suisses were dissolved by the Legislative Assembly on 12 May 1792, during the French Revolution, and therefore survived (unlike the Swiss Guards) the storming of the Tuileries on 10 August 1792. Along with the rest of the royal household, it was first re-established in the spring of 1814, at the start of the First Bourbon Restoration, and again in 1815 under the Second Restoration. After resuming its historic function as a ceremonial palace guard, now at the Tuileries, in 1817 detachments from the French regiments of the post-Restoration Royal Guard were transferred to the unit, and the Cent-Suisses company was renamed the Compagnie des gardes à pied ordinaires du corps du Roi. It was finally disbanded during the July Revolution in 1830.
The Cent-Suisses served as model for a military unit of the Duchy of Savoy (later Kingdom of Sardinia), which was created in 1579 and disbanded in 1798. Other similar units existed in Tuscany, Austria (1745), and Brandenburg (1696–1713). The Pontifical Swiss Guard, founded in 1506, belongs to this tradition.

## Organization

The Cent-Suisses were commanded by a Swiss captain with two lieutenants, one Swiss and the other French, under his orders. Members of the unit had the right to be tried according to the laws of their country of origin, and the royal household therefore included a military court for the Cent-Suisses.

## Gallery

* Cent-Suisse during the reign of Louis XII, c. 1507
* Cent-Suisse during the reign of Henry IV, 1600
* Cent-Suisse drummer during the Bourbon Restoration, 1814–1817
* Court service uniform, 1786
* Louis Hercule Timoléon de Cossé-Brissac as commander (capitaine-colonel) of the Cent-Suisses, c. 1770
* Cent-Suisses parade sword at the Musée de l'Armée, Paris
# Resistance Star East Asia

The Resistance Star East Asia (Dutch: Verzetsster Oost-Azië) was created by royal decree on 26 October 1948 by Queen Juliana to honor those Dutch subjects in the Netherlands East Indies who showed strength of mind, determination, or solidarity, and performed praiseworthily help for Dutchmen that were made prisoner of war or interned by the enemy during World War II. Also those of the Dutch resistance in Southeast Asia are honored.
The star commemorates the resistance against the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies, which went underground after the capitulation of the Royal Dutch East Indies Army. This resistance suffered tremendous losses of life.
The bronze six-pointed star with a flaming sun and the words "de geest overwint" (English: the spirit triumphs) was designed by Frans Smits [nl]. The star is attached to a purple ribbon which has two golden lanes in the middle. The colours are symbolic: the gold-yellow remembers the custom in Southeast Asia to wrap a valuable gift in a gold-coloured cloth. at the reverse side the text "maart 1942 - O.Azië - augustus 1945" (English: "March 1942 - East Asia - August 1945") is inscribed.
Due to the loss of the archive of the Resistance Star a lot of historiography about the award is lost.
Since 1948, the Resistance Star has been awarded 471 times. The star is a high award and has precedence just after the Bronze Lion.

## Sources

* M. Spaans Azn., De geest overwint. De verzetsster Oost-Azië 1942-1945 [2004]
# Dawn Silva

Dawn Silva is an American funk vocalist.
Silva started her career as a background vocalist for Sly and the Family Stone. She joined Parliament-Funkadelic in 1977. She was the only original Brides of Funkenstein member to continue through the Brides' entire career. In 1978, with Lynn Mabry, she released the successful Funk Or Walk. The Brides' first single release on Atlantic Records, "Disco To Go", sold over five hundred thousand units, and was certified Gold. In 1979, with Sheila Horne and Jeanette McGruder, the Brides released the single "Never Buy Texas From A Cowboy". In 1981, The Brides became the only group in the P-Funk organization to receive a Rhythm and Blues Award for the Never Buy Texas From A Cowboy album. It was voted by Rolling Stone in 2001 as one of the top 50 coolest albums ever released.

## Later career

Silva recorded and toured with The Gap Band in 1982. She signed a solo deal with Polygram Records in 1988, but her debut album was never released.
Her recording and touring credits include but are not limited to; Ice Cube, Boyz n the Hood, Roy Ayers, Snoop Dogg, Coolio, B.B. King, and Parliament Funkadelic. Her first solo album release in Europe on Musisoft (Paris France) All My Funky Friends, December 2000, sold thousands of units, and was hailed by Tower Records (2001) as the only authentic funk album to be released in over two decades.

## Discography

* High on You Sly & The Family Stone (Epic/CBS) 1975
* Heard Ya Missed Me, Well I'm Back Sly & The Family Stone (Epic/CBS) 1976
* Parliament Live P.Funk Earth Tour Parliament (Casablanca) 1977
* Funkentelechy vs. the Placebo Syndrome Parliament (Casablanca) 1977
* Game, Dames and Guitar Thangs Eddie Hazel (Warner Bros) 1977
* A Blow for Me, a Toot to You Fred Wesley and The Horny Horns (Atlantic) 1977
* Funk or Walk The Brides Of Funkenstein (Atlantic) 1978
* One Nation Under a Groove Funkadelic (Warner Bros) 1978
* Motor-Booty Affair Parliament (Casablanca) 1978
* GloryHallaStoopid Parliament (Casablanca) 1979
* Say Blow by Blow Backwards Fred Wesley and The Horny Horns (Atlantic) 1979
* Never Buy Texas from a Cowboy The Brides of Funkenstein (Atlantic) 1979
* This Boot Is Made for Fonk-N Bootsy Collins (Warner Bros) 1979
* Trombipulation Parliament (Casablanca) 1980
* Gap Band IV The Gap Band (Total Experience) 1982
* Gap Band V The Gap Band (Total Experience) 1983
* Gap Band VI The Gap Band (Total Experience) 1984
* Gap Band VII The Gap Band (Total Experience) 1985
* All My Funky Friends Dawn Silva (SilvaSounds/JDC Records) 2000