OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Battle of Monastir

The Battle of Monastir took place near the town of Bitola, Macedonia (then known as Monastir) during the First Balkan War, between Serbian and Ottoman forces from 16 to 19 November 1912. It resulted in a Serbian victory after heavy fighting north of the city, the routed Turks fled abandoning their guns.

## Battle

As an ongoing part of the Balkan Wars, the Ottoman Vardar Army retreated from the defeat at Kumanovo and regrouped around Bitola. The Serbs seized Skopje then sent forces to help their Bulgarian ally besiege Adrianople. The Serbian 1st Army, advancing south on Monastir (modern Bitola), encountered heavy Ottoman artillery fire and had to wait for its own artillery to arrive. According to French Captain G. Bellenger, writing in Notes on the Employment of Artillery in the Balkan Campaign, unlike the Ottomans, Serbian field artillery was very mobile, at some point the Serbian Morava Division dragged four long-range artillery pieces up a mountain, then each night hauled the guns closer to the Turkish forces to better support the infantry.
On 18 November, following the destruction of the Ottoman artillery by Serbian artillery, the Serbian right flank pushed through the Vardar Army. The Serbs then entered Bitola on 19 November. With the conquest of Bitola the Serbs controlled southwestern Macedonia, including the symbolically important town of Ohrid.

## Aftermath

After the battle of Monastir, the five-century-long Ottoman rule of Macedonia was over. The Serbian 1st Army continued fighting in the First Balkan War. At this point some officers wanted the 1st Army to continue its advance down the valley of the Vardar to Thessaloniki. Vojvoda Putnik refused. The threat of war with Austria-Hungary loomed over the issue of a Serbian presence on the Adriatic. In addition, with the Bulgarians and Greeks already in Thessaloniki, the appearance of Serbian forces there would only muddle an already complicated situation.
# Prithvipur Assembly constituency

Prithvipur Assembly constituency is one of the 230 Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly) constituencies of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. Initially, it came into existence in 1951 as one of the 48 Vidhan Sabha constituencies of the erstwhile Vindhya Pradesh state, but it was abolished in 1956. This constituency again came into existence in 2008, following the delimitation of the legislative assembly constituencies. Prithvipur is small town of Bundelkhand.

## Overview

Prithvipur (constituency number 45) is one of the 5 Vidhan Sabha constituencies located in Niwari District. This constituency covers the Prithvipur and Jeron Khalsa nagar panchayats and parts of Jatara and Prithvipur tehsils of the district.
Prithivpur is part of Tikamgarh Lok Sabha constituency along with seven other Vidhan Sabha segments, namely, Tikamgarh, Jatara, Niwari and Khargapur in this district and Maharajpur, Chhatarpur and Bijawar in Chhatarpur district.

## Members of Legislative Assembly

As from a constituency of Vindhya Pradesh:
* 1951: Shyam Lal, Indian National Congress
As from a constituency of Madhya Pradesh:
| Year | Member | Party |
| 2008 | Brijendra Singh Rathore | Indian National Congress |
| 2013 | Aneeta-Suneel Nayak | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2018 | Brijendra Singh Rathore | Indian National Congress |
| 2021 | Shishupal Yadav | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2023 | Nitendra Singh Rathore | Indian National Congress |
* ↑ by-poll

## Election results
### 2021 Bypoll

By-election, 2021: Prithvipur :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | BJP | Shishupal Yadav | 82,673 | 53.12 | +46.11 |
| | INC | Nitendra Singh Rathore | 66,986 | 43.04 | +8.04 |
| | NOTA | None of the Above | 1,741 | 1.12 | |
| | SP | Kushwaha Moti Lal | 1,181 | 0.76 | −29.00 |
| Margin of victory | Margin of victory | Margin of victory | 15,687 | 10.08 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 1,55,796 | 78.47 | |
| | BJP gain from INC | BJP gain from INC | Swing | | |
# CNS (chemical weapon)

CNS is a mixture of chloroacetophenone, chloropicrin and chloroform that is used as a chemical warfare agent. CNS has the lachrymatory effects of chloroacetophenone and choking effects of chloropicrin. It has a flypaper-like odor.
CNS was used as a riot control agent, but it is no longer used.
# Waldemar Legień

Waldemar Legień (born 28 August 1963) is a Polish retired judoka. He won two Olympic gold medals in different weight classes, in 1988 and 1992. He is also the first person to win back-to-back two Olympic gold medals in Judo.
For his achievements, he received the Commandor's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta in 2019 (previously Knight's Cross in 1988 and Officer's Cross in 1992).
Legień is the manager of Racing Club de France in Paris.
# Jakub Bednaruk

Jakub Bednaruk (born 9 September 1976) is a Polish former professional volleyball player and coach. He works as a volleyball commentator for Polsat Sport.

## Career as coach

In 2010, Bednaruk started his coaching career at AZS Politechnika Warszawska as an assistant coach. In 2012, he was appointed head coach of this club. In April 2017, he moved to Łuczniczka Bydgoszcz.
In 2019, he was announced a new head coach of MKS Będzin.

## Honours
### As a player

* Domestic
** 1998–99 Polish Cup, with Czarni Radom
** 2007–08 Italian Championship, with Itas Diatec Trentino
# Battle of Prunaru

The Battle of Prunaru was a military engagement between German and Romanian forces during the Romanian Campaign of World War I. It resulted in a tactical German victory, but following the heavy Romanian resistance the Germans halted after taking Prunaru. General Constantin Prezan's maneuver group checked the German forces in the region within two days, exposing the left flank of Field Marshal August von Mackensen's Danube Army.

## Background

On 23 November, the 217th Division of the Danube Army was ferried across the Danube onto Romanian soil. On 27 November, General Erich von Falkenhayn's 9th Army linked up with Mackensen's Danube Army. Two days prior, on 25 November, Falkenhayn's 9th Army was subordinated to Mackensen's overall command, in order to unify the command of the Central Powers forces in Romania. The two armies could now converge on the Romanian capital, Bucharest. On 22 November, Prezan assumed command of a new Romanian southern army group, tasked with defending Bucharest.

## Battle

On 28 November, the leading elements of the 217th Division encountered strong Romanian forces near the village of Prunaru. Only with the arrival of heavy artillery around noon were the Romanians driven back.

## Aftermath

The German division captured 700 Romanians and 20 guns at Prunaru. However, the Romanian defence had succeeded: following the battle, the 217th Division halted. Although it moved some battalions to Naipu, these were checked by Prezan's maneuver group within two days. The left flank of the Danube Army had thus been exposed.
# Bartosz Bednorz

Bartosz Bednorz (born 25 July 1994) is a Polish professional volleyball player who plays as an outside hitter for Asseco Resovia and the Poland national team.

## Career
### Club

In 2014, Bednorz signed a contract with Indykpol AZS Olsztyn, and the next year, he extended his contract for a one more season. In April 2016, PGE Skra Bełchatów, announced that Bednorz is going to play for Skra in the next PlusLiga season. He signed a two–year contract until 2018.

### National team

On 2 April 2015, he was called up to the Poland national team by the head coach Stéphane Antiga. He was a member of the national team during the intercontinental round of the 2015 World League. On 14 August 2015, he achieved his first medal as a national team player – bronze of the European League. His national team won the 3rd place match with Estonia (3–0).

## Honours
### Club

* CEV Champions League
** 2022–23 – with ZAKSA Kędzierzyn-Koźle
* Domestic
** 2017–18 Polish SuperCup, with PGE Skra Bełchatów
** 2017–18 Polish Championship, with PGE Skra Bełchatów
** 2018–19 Italian SuperCup, with Azimut Modena
** 2020–21 Russian SuperCup, with Zenit Kazan
** 2021–22 Russian Cup, with Zenit Kazan
** 2022–23 Polish Cup, with ZAKSA Kędzierzyn-Koźle
** 2023–24 Polish SuperCup, with ZAKSA Kędzierzyn-Koźle

### Individual awards

* 2017: Polish SuperCup – Most valuable player
* 2019: FIVB Nations League – Best outside spiker
* 2023: Polish SuperCup – Most valuable player
# 1917 Sfatul Țării election

Indirect elections for the Moldovan Parliament (called Sfatul Țării) took place in Moldova in November 1917. The members were elected by the various congresses, soviets, parties and professional and ethnic organizations existing in Bessarabia in the wake of the Russian Revolution.

## Background

On 5 November [O.S. 23 October] - 9 November [O.S. 27 October] 1917, the Soldiers' council proclaimed the autonomy of Bessarabia, and summoned for the election of a representative body (diet), called Sfatul Țării. The council prescribed the number of representatives allocated to each organization, and imposed a fixed ethnic composition, significantly different from the one recorded by previous Russian Imperial censuses. Of the 150 Diet members of Sfatul Țării, 105 were Moldavians, 15 Ukrainians, 13 Jews, 6 Russians, 3 Bulgarians, 2 Germans, 2 Gagauzians, 1 Pole, 1 Armenian, 1 Greek, 1 unknown.

## Aftermath

The first session of Sfatul Țării was held on 4 December [O.S. 21 November] 1917, and chose Ion Inculeț as its president.
On 21 December [O.S. 8 December] 1917, Sfatul Țării elected the Pantelimon Erhan Cabinet (named the Council of Directors General), with nine members and with Pantelimon Erhan as President of the Council of Directors General and Director General for Agriculture.
After some long talks, on 15 December [O.S. 2 December] 1917, Sfatul Țării proclaimed the Moldavian Democratic Federative Republic, with Ion Inculeț as President.
# Łukasz Maszczyk

Łukasz Adam Maszczyk (born 15 December 1984 in Myszków) is a Polish amateur boxer who qualified for the 2008 Olympics at Light-Flyweight.

## Career

At the World Championships 2007 Maszczyk lost in the opening rounds to Georgiy Chygayev. He later qualified for the Olympics by beating Belarusian boxer Anton Bekish in the semi-final of a European qualifying tournament.

## Professional record

5 fights, 4 wins (3 knockouts), 1 losses (0 knockouts), 0 draw :
| Result | Record | Opponent | Type | Round, time | Date | Location |
| Loss | 4-1 | Krzysztof Cieślak | UD | 8 | 2013-08-18 | Amfiteatr, Misdroy |
| Win | 4-0 | Andras Varga | UD | 6 | 2013-03-23 | Hala Sportowa, ul. Zuzlowa 4, Częstochowa |
| Win | 3-0 | Oszkar Fiko | TKO | 2 (4), 1:25 | 2012-12-08 | Spodek, Katowice |
| Win | 2-0 | Artsem Abmiotka | TKO | 1 (4), 1:58 | 2013-09-30 | Hala MOSiR, Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki |
| Win | 1-0 | Piotr Filipkowski | TKO | 1 (4), 2:25 | 2012-08-18 | Amfiteatr, Międzyzdroje |
# Zbigniew Pietrzykowski

Zbigniew Jan Pietrzykowski (4 October 1934 – 19 May 2014) was a Polish boxer.
He took part in three Olympic Games, each time winning a medal. He won a bronze medal at Melbourne 1956 in the light middleweight division, after losing in the semi-final to Hungarian László Papp. Four years later in Rome, he reached the final of the light heavyweight division, where he lost to Cassius Clay, who was 7 years younger. Finally, he won a bronze medal in Tokyo in 1964, in the light heavyweight division (defeated by Soviet Aleksei Kiselyov).
He participated five times at the European Amateur Boxing Championships and won five medals: a bronze in the light middleweight division in Warsaw 1953, and then four gold medals: in West Berlin (1955) in the light middleweight division, in Prague (1957) in the middleweight division, in Lucerne (1959), and in Moscow (1963) in the light heavyweight division.
He won the championship of Poland 11 times: in the light middleweight division in 1954, 1955 and 1956, in the middleweight division in 1957 and in the light heavyweight division in 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964 and 1965.
Pietrzykowski was also a champion in relation to his performances in the national Polish team fighting 44 bouts, winning 42 of them and losing twice. In his career, he fought 350 bouts winning 334 of them, drawing 2 and losing 14.
Pietrzykowski was the first winner of the Aleksander Reksza Boxing Award in 1986.

## 1956 Olympic results

* Round of 16: defeated Richard Karpov (Soviet Union) on points
* Quarterfinal: defeated Boris Nikolov (Bulgaria) on points
* Semifinal: lost to Laszlo Papp (Hungary) on points (was awarded bronze medal)

## 1960 Olympic results

* Round of 32: defeated Carl Crawford (British Guiana) on points, 5–0
* Round of 16: defeated Emil Willer (Germany) on points, 5–0
* Quarterfinal: defeated Petar Spasov (Bulgaria) on points, 5–0
* Semifinal: defeated Giulio Saraudi (Italy) on points, 5–0
* Final: lost to Muhammad Ali (then known as Cassius Clay) (USA) on points, 0–5 (was awarded the silver medal)

## 1964 Olympic results

* Round one: bye
* Round two: defeated Ronald Holmes (Jamaica) disqualified
* Quarterfinal: defeated Rafael Gargiulo (Argentina) on points, 5–0
* Semifinal: lost to Aleksei Kiselyov (Soviet Union) 1–4 (was awarded bronze medal)
# Loppem Coup

The Loppem Coup (French: Coup de Lophem, Dutch: Coup van Loppem) or Loppem Agreement (Pacte de Lophem, Akkoord van Loppem) refers to a series of meetings held privately by King Albert I at the Castle of Loppem in Loppem (Lophem), West Flanders on 11 to 14 November 1918 about the future political order in Belgium after the end of World War I. The term "coup" originated among conservative Catholic critics in the 1930s who denounced the King's actions as an unconstitutional coup d'état.
Convened in the aftermath of the Armistice of 11 November 1918 in the days before the King's triumphant return to Brussels which had been occupied since 1914, the Loppem meetings consisted of a series of private audiences with prominent socialist and liberal politicians and notables such as Edward Anseele, Paul-Émile Janson, and Émile Francqui who had become prominent in German-occupied Belgium. A number of sensitive political topics were discussed, including universal male suffrage, labour rights, and the status of Dutch language, notably in higher education.
The meetings preceded the creation of a national unity government under Léon Delacroix on 21 November, sometimes referred to as the "Loppem Government" (gouvernement de Lophem/regering van Loppem). Although led by a Catholic prime minister, the new government also included liberals and socialists and marked the end of nearly four decades of exclusive Catholic political dominance in Belgian politics. On 22 November, King Albert I re-entered Brussels at the head of the Belgian Army in a Joyous Entry. He announced a new legislative programme to include the abolition of the pre-war electoral system of plural voting and the creation of a new university taught exclusively in Dutch.
The political innovations in November 1918 shocked conservative Catholics who ultimately succeeded in delaying some of the new measures. On learning of the Loppem discussions, some radical conservatives denounced them as a "coup" in which the monarch, either at his own initiative or under socialist pressure amid the November Revolution in Germany, had overstepped his constitutional prerogatives to favour the political left. King Albert I was forced to issue a public letter on 10 February 1930 clarifying his account of the discussions.
# Mosby, Montana

Mosby (also Half-Breed Crossing) is a tiny unincorporated community in southwestern Garfield County, Montana, United States. It lies along Highway 200 southwest of the town of Sand Springs, its nearest neighboring settlement.

## History

Originally known as Baldwin, this town takes its name from the area’s first settler, who arrived in 1891. Mosby had a post office that opened on June 29, 1904, was moved on February 18, 1983, and closed on July 30, 2015

## Climate

According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Mosby has a semi-arid climate, abbreviated "BSk" on climate maps.
# Battle of Alexandropol

The Battle of Alexandropol was a conflict between the First Republic of Armenia and Turkish Revolutionaries of the Turkish National Movement which was on November 7, 1920 at Alexandropol.

## Background

The Turkish-Armenian War was a conflict fought between the Republic of Armenia and Turkish Revolutionaries of the Turkish National Movement which lasted from 24 September to 2 December 1920 and largely took place in present-day northeastern Turkey and northwestern Armenia.

## Active Stage

On October 24, Karabekir's forces launched a massive campaign on Kars. Rather than fighting for the city, the Armenians abandoned Kars which by October 30 came under full Turkish control. Alexandropol was occupied by Turkish troops on November 7. Treaty of Kars.

## Results

The Treaty of Alexandropol was a peace treaty between the Democratic Republic of Armenia and TBMM ending the Turkish-Armenian War, before declaration of the Republic of Turkey on December 2, 1920. Armenian was forced to renounce the Treaty of Sèvres and cede over 50% of her claimed territory to Turkey.
# The Demons (2015 film)

The Demons (French: Les Démons) is a 2015 Canadian drama film, written and directed by Philippe Lesage.
Based in part on Lesage's own childhood, the film stars Édouard Tremblay-Grenier as Félix, a ten-year-old boy living with his family in a quiet suburb of Montreal who is prone to excessive worry. As a series of child abductions begins to grip the town, however, his vague and needless fears begin to give way to something much more real.
The film's cast also includes Laurent Lucas, Pascale Bussières, Victoria Diamond, Vassili Schneider, Sarah Mottet, Théodore Pellerin, Bénédicte Décary and Pier-Luc Funk.
The film was shot in August/September 2014 in Montreal and vicinity.
The film premiered in September 2015 at the San Sebastian Film Festival. It was released in the province of Quebec (on 8 screens) on 30 October 2015. In December, the film was announced as part of the Toronto International Film Festival's annual Canada's Top Ten screening series of the ten best Canadian films of the year.
The film was nominated for the 2016 Ingmar Bergman International Debut Award at the Gothenburg Film Festival.
Tremblay-Grenier reprised his role as Félix in a segment of Lesage's 2018 film Genesis (Genèse).

## Awards and nominations

* 2015: Critic Award (AQCC) for Best Film, International Competition, Festival of New Cinema, 2015
* 2016: Canada's Top Ten, Toronto International Film Festival
* 2016: Nomination for Best Film, Gala du Cinema Quebecois
* 2016: Nomination for Best Director, Gala du Cinéma Québécois
* 2016: Gilles-Carles Award for Best First or Second feature fiction film
* 2016: Prix Luc-Perreault / AQCC for Best Film from Quebec
* 2016: Nomination for Best Motion Picture, Canadian Screen Awards
* 2016: Nomination for Best achievement in Directing, Canadian Screen Awards
* 2016: Nomination for The Ingmar Bergman International Debut Award
* 2016: Titanic Award for Best Film, International Competition, Budapest
* 2016: Golden Gate New Director Prize, San Francisco International Film Festival
# Agustín Gamarra

Agustín Gamarra Messia (27 August 1785 – 18 November 1841) was a Peruvian soldier and politician, who served as the 4th and 6th President of Peru.
Gamarra was a Mestizo, being of mixed Spanish and Quechua descent. He had a military life since childhood, battling against the royalist forces. He then joined the cause of Independence as second in command after Andrés de Santa Cruz. He also participated in the Battle of Ayacucho, and was later named Chief of State. In 1825, he married Francisca ('Pancha') Zubiaga y Bernales, who Simon Bolivar crowned when she was about to put the crown on him. After the invasion of Bolivia in 1828, he was named a mariscal (marshal), a highly esteemed military officer.
After the defeat of José de La Mar in Gran Colombia, Gamarra urged his overthrow and assumed the presidency for a brief period after Antonio Gutiérrez de la Fuente. The peace treaty with Gran Colombia was also signed during Gamarra's government.

## Presidency of Peru
### First presidency

The government of Gamarra followed contrary beliefs to those of José de La Mar. This coincided with a great Peruvian constitutionalist movement; Gamarra put aside the Constitution of 1828, which he opposed given the limitations that were established for the executive branch.
Gamarra finished, with great effort, his first constitutional government. He had a very active character which allowed him to leave Lima to thwart rebellions in various parts of the country. During such expeditions he would leave the presidency to Antonio Gutiérrez de la Fuente, who manifested his authoritarian character and started to receive the enmity of other government officials based in Lima.

### Peru and Ecuador one and indivisible?

Another idea that obsessed Gamarra was the annexation of Bolivia. He shared this idea with Andrés de Santa Cruz. However, while Bolivian elites did not think of the creation of one single State, Gamarra believed in the incorporation of the Bolivian territory under a single Peruvian nation.

### Second presidency and invasion of Bolivia

In 1835, when Orbegoso and Andrés Santa Cruz signed the treaty to establish the Peru-Bolivian Confederacy, Gamarra deeply opposed it and participated in a campaign to defeat it with the help of Chile. This led to the Battle of Yungay and the overthrow of Santa Cruz. Gamarra was then officially named President by the Peruvian congress.
From January to October 1839 the Chilean troops of General Manuel Bulnes were stationed in Lima to stabilize Gamarra's new regime.
During his second government, Gamarra confronted the challenge of pacifying the country in middle of various subversions while at the same time the beginning of a war against Bolivia. Gamarra was defeated and killed by Bolivian forces during the Battle of Ingavi in 1841.
# Sotcher Farmhouse

The Sotcher Farmhouse, also known as "Three Arches," is an historic, American home that is located in Fairless Hills, Falls Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.

## History and architectural features

The original house was built circa 1712, with substantial additions made circa 1760 and 1806. The original house was likely a one-story, stone structure. The 1760 section is a two-story, three-bay fieldstone structure. The 1806 addition completely enveloped the 1712 house. It is a 2+1⁄2-story, four-bay fieldstone structure that incorporates the house's distinctive three arches.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.