# Pakistan Maritime Security Agency

The Pakistan Maritime Security Agency (reporting name: PMSA) (Urdu: پاکستان بحری سلامتی ایجنسی) is a branch of the Pakistan Navy. It is a Navy-managed and Navy-controlled Marine law enforcement agency whose mission is to provide protection to Pakistan's maritime interests and enforcement of maritime law with jurisdiction over the domestic and international waters of Pakistan including the exclusive economic zone. Pakistan Maritime Security Agency is distinct from Pakistan Coast Guards, which is a security force under Pakistan Army.
Created on 1 January 1987 in compliance to the UN Convention on Law of the Sea of 1982, the PMSA functions as a federal regulatory agency under the Ministry of Defence (MoD) whose command level leadership and personnel comes directly from the Pakistan Navy.$^{:conts.}$ Apart from enforcing maritime law, the PMSA conduct to assists in military operations against human trafficking, smuggling, and deep sea search and rescue.$^{:112}$
The leadership of the agency comes from the external billets appointment approved by the Pakistan Navy and its executive officer is designated as the Director-General who usually at the two-star rank admiral a senior flag officer of Rear Admiral rank in the Navy. The current director of the agency is Rear Admiral Shahzad Iqbal who took the directorship of the agency in 2024.
Since 2014, the mission objectives and area of responsibility of the PMSA has expanded substantially like to provide maritime protection to the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor.

## Mission

The mission of Pakistan Maritime Security Agency states:
   "To assert and enforce national jurisdiction and sovereignty in all Maritime zones of Pakistan and to protect Pakistan's Maritime interests"

## History

In 1971, the Ministry of Defence (MoD) had established the Pakistan Coast Guard but the Coast Guards were under the command of the Pakistan Army and were unable to perform the deep sea search and rescue operations or enforce maritime law to protect Pakistan's maritime interests.$^{:130–131}$ The void had been filled by the Indian Navy and the Indian Coast Guard that had been very active in the Indian Ocean.$^{:131}$ The Navy had to perform the coast guard duties apart from the combat service and had to deploy its assets to guard the maritime interests of the country.$^{:131}$
After the United Nations' Convention on the Law of the Sea was signed in 1982, the Government of Pakistan established the Maritime Security Agency (PMSA) after acquiring the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of about 240,000 square miles (620,000 km$^2$).$^{:131}$ The MoD established the Maritime Affairs Wing in 1986 to lay the framework of the agency as the Pakistan Navy undertook the task by establishing the agency from its manpower and provided the leadership with Rear-Admiral S.R. Hussain becoming its first Director-General on 1 August 1986.
On 1 January 1987, the Pakistan Maritime Security Agency (PMSA) was established for law enforcement and protecting the maritime interests of the country, and a parliamentary act that was passed in 1994 to provide the legal jurisdiction to the agency to perform its operations and task. In 1997, the MSA gained its constitutional mandate after ratification of the Convention on the Law of the Sea.
The Maritime Security Agency conducts exercises with the other coast guards of the world. In May 2005, the PMSA agreed to establish liaison links with the Indian Coast Guard.

## Roles and functions

Pakistan Maritime Security Agency has roles in maritime homeland security, national and international maritime law enforcement (MLE), search and rescue (SAR), marine environmental protection (MEP), and the maintenance of intracoastal and offshore aids to navigation (ATON). The agency is mandate to protect the fishing vessels and crew against any threat within the Maritime Zones (MZ).
The agency performs military operations authorized by the Ministry of Defence to protect the economic and maritime interests of Pakistan. The agency also provides security and assists governmental agencies, international organizations and the Pakistan Navy in petroleum and other mineral exploration in Pakistan's naval zones. The agency coordinates the oceanographic research and other scientific activities of the Navy Hydrographic Department.

## BARRACUDA exercises

BARRACUDA series of exercises are undertaken by Pakistan Maritime Security Agency to counter marine pollution of Pakistani waters. The exercises involve multiple stakeholders including Pakistan Navy, Pakistan Air Force, Karachi Port Trust, Port Qasim Authority, Gwadar Port Authority and other stakeholders.

### BARRACUDA-XII

BARRACUDA-XII was held from February 2-4 2024. The exercise demonstrated preparedness around oil spill containment, counter-piracy, and search and rescue (SAR) operations. The exercise deployed air and sea assets of Pakistan Maritime Security Agency, Pakistan Navy, and Pakistan Airforce. Other national stakeholders including port authorities and oil companies were also involved. The exercise was witnessed by foreign observers including naval personnel from friendly countries.

## Organizational headquarters

The Pakistan Maritime Security Agency (PMSA) is a branch within the Navy, and is headquartered near the vicinity of the Karachi Fish Harbour and the KSEW Ltd. in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Since it was established in 1987, the PMSA was headquartered in different hired commercial buildings, most notably, the Karachi Port Trust Building until the new headquarters were constructed and inaugurated on 15 January 2011.
Leadership and the personnel are directly appointed from the Navy and the agency consists of a Director-General and it is commanded by a two-star rank, a Rear Admiral seconded from Pakistan Navy. The headquarters of the agency and personnel are placed under the command of Commander of Coastal Areas (COMCOAST), who usually supervise the operations for the Ministry of Defence.

### Commissioned officers and enlisted rank

The Maritime Security Agency is an agency within the Navy, therefore, it uses the same ranks and insignia as the Pakistan Navy as all of its members are active-duty personnel of the Navy.$^{:131}$
| Rank group | General/flag officers | General/flag officers | General/flag officers | General/flag officers | General/flag officers | General/flag officers | General/flag officers | General/flag officers | General/flag officers | General/flag officers | Senior officers | Senior officers | Senior officers | Senior officers | Senior officers | Senior officers | Junior officers | Junior officers | Junior officers | Junior officers | Junior officers | Junior officers | Junior officers | Junior officers |
| Pakistan Maritime Security Agency vte | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Pakistan Maritime Security Agency vte | | | | | | | Rear admiral بحریہ کا امیر | Rear admiral بحریہ کا امیر | Commodore کموڈور | Commodore کموڈور | Captain کپتان | Captain کپتان | Commander کمانڈر | Commander کمانڈر | Lieutenant commander لیفٹیننٹ کمانڈر | Lieutenant commander لیفٹیننٹ کمانڈر | Lieutenant لیفٹیننٹ | Lieutenant لیفٹیننٹ | Sub-lieutenant سب لیفٹیننٹ۔ | Sub-lieutenant سب لیفٹیننٹ۔ | Sub-lieutenant سب لیفٹیننٹ۔ | Midshipman مڈ شپ مین | Midshipman مڈ شپ مین | Midshipman مڈ شپ مین |
| Rank group | Senior NCOs | Senior NCOs | Senior NCOs | Senior NCOs | Senior NCOs | Senior NCOs | Senior NCOs | Senior NCOs | Senior NCOs | Senior NCOs | Senior NCOs | Senior NCOs | Senior NCOs | Senior NCOs | Senior NCOs | Senior NCOs | Senior NCOs | Senior NCOs | Senior NCOs | Senior NCOs | Senior NCOs | Senior NCOs | Junior NCOs | Junior NCOs | Junior NCOs | Junior NCOs | Junior NCOs | Junior NCOs | Enlisted | Enlisted | Enlisted | Enlisted | Enlisted | Enlisted | Enlisted | Enlisted |
| Pakistan Maritime Security Agency vte | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | No insignia | No insignia |
| Pakistan Maritime Security Agency vte | Master Chief Petty Officer ماسٹر چیف پیٹی آفیسر۔ | Master Chief Petty Officer ماسٹر چیف پیٹی آفیسر۔ | Master Chief Petty Officer ماسٹر چیف پیٹی آفیسر۔ | Master Chief Petty Officer ماسٹر چیف پیٹی آفیسر۔ | Master Chief Petty Officer ماسٹر چیف پیٹی آفیسر۔ | Master Chief Petty Officer ماسٹر چیف پیٹی آفیسر۔ | Fleet Chief Petty Officer فلیٹ چیف پیٹی آفیسر۔ | Fleet Chief Petty Officer فلیٹ چیف پیٹی آفیسر۔ | Chief Petty Officer چیف پیٹی آفیسر۔ | Chief Petty Officer چیف پیٹی آفیسر۔ | Petty Officer چھوٹا افسر۔ | Petty Officer چھوٹا افسر۔ | Petty Officer چھوٹا افسر۔ | Petty Officer چھوٹا افسر۔ | Petty Officer چھوٹا افسر۔ | Petty Officer چھوٹا افسر۔ | | | | | | | Leading Seaman معروف سی مین۔ | Leading Seaman معروف سی مین۔ | Leading Seaman معروف سی مین۔ | Leading Seaman معروف سی مین۔ | | | Able Tech-I قابل ٹیک- I۔ | Able Tech-I قابل ٹیک- I۔ | Able Tech-I قابل ٹیک- I۔ | Able Tech-I قابل ٹیک- I۔ | Able Tech-I قابل ٹیک- I۔ | Able Tech-I قابل ٹیک- I۔ | Ordinary Tech-II عام ٹیک II۔ | Ordinary Tech-II عام ٹیک II۔ |

## Equipment
### Vessels

Pakistan Maritime Security Agency operates several vessels built locally at KSEW Ltd. and in China's Huangpu and Xijiang shipyards. It also has some vessels transferred from the United States Coast Guard. PMSA currently operates three squadrons as listed below:
| Squadron | Callsign | Vessels | Notes |
| 22nd Offshore Patrol Squadron | OSRON 22 | PMSS Barkat PMSS Vehdat PMSS Nusrat PMSS Rehmat PMSS Sabqat PMSS Rafaqat | PMSS Barkat, PMSS Vehdat, PMSS Nusrat and PMSS Rehmat were built in Huangpu Shipyard and commissioned between years 1988-1990. PMSS Sabqat and PMSS Rafaqat were transferred by United States to Pakistan in 2016. |
| 23rd Offshore Patrol Squadron | OSRON 23 | 9 × Fast Response Boats 2 × Zodiac Hurricane Boats | Inducted into PMSA after transferred by the United States to Pakistan. |
| 26th Offshore Patrol Squadron | OSRON 26 | PMSS Kashmir PMSS Zhob PMSS Kolachi PMSS Dasht PMSS Hingol PMSS Basol | PMSS Kashmir was laid on 16 August 2016 in Haungpu Shipyard and commissioned on 20 July 2018. PMSS Zhob was built in Karachi Shipyard and Engineering Works (KS&EW) and commissioned on 9 August 2018. PMSS Kolachi was built locally by KS&EW with assistance from China State Shipbuilding Corporation (CSSC) as part of a technology transfer agreement. PMSS Dasht, PMSS Hingol and PMSS Basol were constructed at Xijiang Shipyard and subsequently commissioned between years 2016-2017. |
| — | — | PMSS Nazim | Decommissioned as of 6 October 2010. The Nazim is an "on sea" headquarters and is now considered non-operational and hasn't been moved in years. |

### Aircraft

The Pakistan Maritime Security Agency operates one aircraft squadron known as Squadron 93 PMSA. The squadron was inaugurated on 23 June 1988 with the induction of a Fokker F27 Friendship an interim measure, for sea surveillance. The aircraft was stationed at Jinnah Terminal for the purpose of logistics support. In 1993, the PMSA acquired the Britten-Norman Defender stationed at Mehran Naval Air Station.
| Squadron | Callsign | Aircraft | Notes |
| 93rd PMSA Squadron | — | 3 × Britten-Norman Defender | Stationed in Naval Air Station Mehran |

### Bases

PMSA currently operates from multiple bases namely:
* Headquarter PMSA
* Logistic Unit PMSS Indus
* PMSA Base Nazim (Karachi)
* PMSA Base Sadaqat (Korangi Fish Harbor)
* PMSA Base Gwadar
* PMSA Base Ormara
* PMSA Base Rishad (Pasni)
* PMSA Base Keti Bandar
* Mehran Naval Air Station