# Princess Hwapyeong

Princess Hwapyeong (Korean: 화평옹주; Hanja: 和平翁主; 5 June 1727 – 8 July 1748) was the eldest daughter of King Yeongjo of Joseon and Royal Noble Consort Yeong of the Jeonui Lee clan, and Yeongjo's third daughter overall.

## Biography

Her personal name is unknown. She was born to Royal Noble Consort Yeong of the Jeonui Yi clan on April 27, 1727, in Jippok Hall (집복헌; 集福軒), Changgyeonggung (창경궁; 昌慶宮).
In 1731, she received the title Hwapyeong (和平), which means "peace".
In 1738, the 14th year of King Yeongjo's reign, she married Park Myeong-won (박명원, 朴明源; 1725–1790), fourth son of Park Sa-jeong (박사정, 朴師正; 1683–1739), from the Bannam Park clan (반남 박씨; 潘南朴氏). On February 20, 1742, she left the palace and moved to her in-law's residence.
Princess Hwapyeong's wedding was extremely grand, and her dowry was allegedly ten thousand times more extravagant than that of her elder sister, Princess Hwasun's. As a wedding gift, the King bestowed upon her the Ihyeon Palace, but she declined the gift.
She left no surviving children of her own, but King Yeongjo made the third son of Park Myeong-won's eldest brother her adopted son.
In her memoirs, Princess Hwapyeong's sister-in-law, Lady Hyegyŏng, described the Princess as being gentle and particularly kind towards her and Crown Prince Sado.
The Princess was uncomfortable and distressed by the fact that she alone was showered with paternal affection and that her younger brother, Crown Prince Sado, was not. Whenever King Yeongjo found fault in Sado, Princess Hwapyeong would side with her brother and pleaded ceaselessly with the King to be lenient. She was the main protector of Crown Prince Sado and is said to have eased the relationship between her father and the Prince in favor of her brother.
Princess Hwapyeong died during childbirth on June 24, 1748. Her father King Yeongjo hastily visited her residence and was informed that nothing could be done. The King was devastated and inconsolable. He suspended all court affairs to mourn for her and even moved his residence from Gyeonghuigung (慶熙宮) to Changdeokgung (昌德宫), in order to be near the location of the funerary observance. He visited her residence frequently and broke down on five occasions before Princess Hwapyeong's burial. King Yeongjo made great efforts in seizing the most auspicious location for the burial ground of his daughter. He forcefully acquired a piece of ancestral land owned by the Paju Yun family, who had been staying there for generations, and evacuated hundreds of civilians from nearby villages to make way for Princess Hwapyeong's tomb.
Princess Hwapyeong was buried in Munsan Village, Paju, Gyeonggi Province. Her elaborated funeral proceedings were comparable to that of a State Funeral.
Lady Hyegyŏng claimed that during her first pregnancy she often dreamt of Princess Hwapyeong coming to her bedchamber, sitting next to her and sometimes smiling at her. When her first son was born, he bore the same birthmark as Princess Hwapyeong, and King Yeongjo took him as the reincarnation of the Princess.

## Ancestry

Ancestors of Crown Prince Sado :

### Family

* Father
** King Yeongjo of Joseon (조선 영조; 31 October 1694 – 22 April 1776)
* Mother
** Legal mother: Queen Jeongseong of the Daegu Seo clan (정성왕후 서씨; 12 January 1693 – 3 April 1757)
** Biological mother: Royal Noble Consort Yeong of the Jeonui Lee clan (영빈 이씨; 15 August 1696 – 23 August 1764)
*** Grandfather: Lee Yu-beon (이유번; 李楡蕃)
*** Grandmother: Lady Kim of the Hanyang Kim clan (정경부인 한양 김씨; 貞敬夫人 漢陽 金氏)
* Sibling(s)
** Unnamed younger sister (옹주; 8 March 1728 – 18 February 1731)
** Unnamed younger sister (옹주; 12 December 1729 – 21 March 1731)
** Unnamed younger sister (옹주; 1 January 1732 – 12 April 1736)
** Younger sister: Princess Hwahyeop (화협옹주; 1733–1752)
** Younger brother: Crown Prince Sado (13 February 1735 – 12 July 1762)
** Younger sister: Princess Hwawan (화완옹주; 9 March 1738 – May 1808)
* Husband: Park Myeong-won, Prince Consort Geumseong (금성위 박명원; 錦城尉 朴明源; 1725–1770)
* Issue
** Adoptive son: Park Sang-cheol (박상철; 朴相喆; 1737–1761)