OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Transition metal hydroxide complexes

Transition metal hydroxide complexes are coordination complexes containing one or more hydroxide (OH$^−$) ligands. The inventory is very large.

## Hydroxide as a ligand

Hydroxide is classified as an X ligand in the Covalent bond classification method. In the usual electron counting method, it is a one-electron ligand when terminal and a three-electron ligand when doubly bridging.
From the electric structure perspective, hydroxide is a strong pi-donor ligand, akin to fluoride. One consequence is that few polyhydroxide complexes are low spin. Another consequence is that electron-precise hydroxide complexes tend to be rather nucleophilic.

## Representative complexes

Many hydroxo complexes are prepared by treating metal halides with hydroxide salts. Hydrolysis of basic ligands (amides, alkyls) also produces hydroxide complexes.

### Homoleptic complexes

Only a few homoleptic hydroxide complexes are known. These include the d$^6$ species [Pt(OH)$_6$]$^{2−}$ and the d$^0$ complexes [Ti(OH)$_6$]$^{2−}$ and [Zr$_2$(OH)$_8$(mu−OH)$_2$]$^{2−}$.

### Mixed ligand complexes

Many complexes are known where hydroxide shares the coordination sphere with other ligands. One pair of such complexes are {[Co(NH$_3$)$_3$]$_2$(mu-OH)$_3$}$^{3+}$ and its derivative {[Co(NH$_3$)$_3$(H$_2$O)]$_2$(mu-OH)$_2$}$^{4+}$.

## Reactions

Prominent reactions of metal hydroxides are their acid-base behavior. Protonation of metal hydroxides gives aquo complexes:
    L$_n$M−OH + H$^+$ ⇌ L$_n$M−OH+2 where L$_n$ is the ligand complement on the metal M
Thus, aquo ligand is a weak acid, of comparable strength to acetic acid (pK$_a$ of about 4.8).
In principle but not very commonly, metal hydroxides undergo deprotonation, yielding oxo complexes:
    L$_n$M−OH ⇌ L$_n$M=O$^−$ +H$^+$
Characteristically, hydroxide ligands are compact and basic. They tend to function as bridging ligands. One manifestation of this property is the preponderance of di-and polymetallic hydroxide complexes. A practical consequence of this feature is the tendency of metal aquo complexes to form precipitates of meta hydroxides.

### Bioinorganic chemistry

    Active site of hemerythrin before and after oxygenation.
Hemerythrins, proteins responsible for oxygen (O$_2$) transport in some animals have an diiron hydroxide active site. The hydroxide ligand engages the bound O2 through hydrogen bonding.
The nucleophilicity of hydroxo ligands is relevant to the role of some M-OH centers in enzymology. For example, in carbonic anhydrase, a zinc hydroxide binds carbon dioxide:
    L$_n$M−OH + CO$_2$ ⇌ L$_n$MO−O−CO$_2$H
The oxygen evolving complex (OEC) consists of a Mn-Ca-O-OH cluster that is responsible for the biosynthesis of O$_2$. It is proposed that the O-O bond forming step involves a hydroxide ligand.
Metalloproteinases catalyze the hydrolysis peptide bond. The catalytic center is such enzymes often involves metal hydroxides.
# Wilkes-Barre Area High School

Wilkes-Barre Area High School is a high school in the Wilkes-Barre Area School District, located in Plains, Pennsylvania. The student body mascot is the Wolfpack. The school opened in August 2021, replacing James M. Coughlin High School, G. A. R. Memorial Junior/Senior High School, and Elmer L. Meyers Junior/Senior High School.

## History

Wilkes-Barre Area High School is the Wilkes-Barre Area School District high school in Plains, Pennsylvania. It is a replacement for James M. Coughlin High School, G. A. R. Memorial Junior/Senior High School, and Elmer L. Meyers Junior/Senior High School.

### Consolidation of previous high schools

In the 2010s, the Wilkes-Barre school district entertained various plans to reduce its schools by consolidation. The current schools were deemed inadequate or unsafe, with high costs to repair. By 2018, the school board had solidified plans for construction of a new high school to serve the entire district, at a cost of $121 million. Construction of a stadium was later added to the plans.

#### Construction

Several locations were entertained for a site of the new high school, including existing school sites, the Murray Complex, and a former coal mining site known as the Pagnotti Site. After the zoning board denied the district's request to build a combined school at the site of Coughlin High School, the school board decided to purchase the Pagnotti Site in Plains, Pennsylvania. The school was ready for the 2021–2022 school year, and opened with four principals and two thousand students.

#### Consolidation criticism

Groups were against a merger for a number of reasons, and early criticism was aimed at consolidation efforts in general. Opponents disagreed with estimates to repair the existing schools and the costs of a new school, and noted negative effects of moving to a single high school, including increased reliance on bussing and decreased community engagement. After the selection of the high school's location, criticism also included concerns about the health and safety of building a high school on coal ash over a former coal mine.

## Extracurriculars

Due to declining participation in sports, the district merged the sports programs for the 2019 school year, prior to the construction of the new high school. Based on input from students and employees, the district voted for Wolfpack to be mascot of the consolidated sports programs. The Wolfpack's first game as a team was football in August 2019.
The basketball team won their PIAA District 2 championship in 2020.
# LRRC8C

Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 8C is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LRRC8C gene. Researchers have found out that this protein, along with the other LRRC8 proteins LRRC8A, LRRC8B, LRRC8D, and LRRC8E, is sometimes a subunit of the heteromer protein Volume-Regulated Anion Channel. Volume-Regulated Anion Channels (VRACs) are crucial to the regulation of cell size by transporting chloride ions and various organic osmolytes, such as taurine or glutamate, across the plasma membrane, and that is not the only function these channels have been linked to.
While LRRC8C is one of many proteins that can be part of VRAC, research has found that it is not as crucial to the activity of the channel in comparison to LRRC8A and LRRC8D. However, while we know that LRRC8A and LRRC8D are necessary for VRAC function, other studies have found that they are not sufficient for the full range of usual VRAC activity. This is where the other LRRC8 proteins come in, such as LRRC8C, as the different composition of these subunits affects the range of specificity for VRACs.
In fact, a research study published in December 2024 seems to contradict the "non-crucial" role of LRRC8C and rather suggest multiple roles in different cell types. The study showed that two children bearing different, monoallelic variants in LRRC8C had severe multi-organ congenital disease (TIMES syndrome; see OMIM https://omim.org/entry/621056). The genetic variants lead to constitutional activation of VRACs that become de-regulated and hyperactive.
In addition to its role in VRACs, the LRRC8 protein family is also associated with agammaglobulinemia-5.
# Mercantile Discount Bank

32°04′22.62″N 34°47′21.41″E﻿ / ﻿32.0729500°N 34.7892806°E﻿ / 32.0729500; 34.7892806
Mercantile Discount Bank (Hebrew: בנק מרכנתיל דיסקונט בע"מ) is a major commercial bank in Israel and is a subsidiary of Israel Discount Bank. It is the sixth-largest bank in Israel.

## Controversies
### Involvement in Israeli settlements

On 12 February 2020, the United Nations published a database of companies doing business related in the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, as well as in the occupied Golan Heights. Mercantile Discount Bank was listed on the database on account of its activities in Israeli settlements in these occupied territories, which are considered illegal under international law., all the above territories are part of Israel and are not occupied from anyone, till this days there is no proof other that the fact that the Jewish people are indigenous to the land of Israel and no one else!!

### Tax fraud affair in Australia

In 2021, MDB and its parent company IDB reached a settlement of ₪343 million (A$137 million) with the Australian Taxation Office after allegedly conspiring with the Sydney-based Binetter family to engage in tax fraud.
# CollegeNET

CollegeNET, Inc. is an American developer of web technologies used for higher education. The company is based in Portland, Oregon.

## History

Founded as Universal Algorithms, Inc. in 1977, the company introduced the first automated classroom scheduling program for higher education in 1979. The company continued to expand the scheduling program to include event scheduling, resource management, and calendar publishing. The company also introduced web-based graphical analysis tools for campus space planning. In 1995, the company began offering Software as a Service (SaaS) to institutions with the ApplyWeb® system, which included online admission application processing and evaluation for colleges and universities, as well as recruitment and communication management tools.
The company changed its name to CollegeNET, Inc., in May 1999. In recent years, CollegeNET has expanded its products to include online course evaluation surveys, self-service custom form creation, virtual classroom instruction, and video interview practice for career services, job applicants, and classroom instruction.

## Products and Services
### Admissions

Source:
* Eazel™ – Custom forms creation system for admissions and general use
* Prospect – Recruitment and communication management system
* Admit – Admissions application evaluation management system
* Apply Web® – Application processing system

### Scheduling and Space Management

Source:
* 25Live® – Web-based academic and event scheduling, publishing, and resource management
* Schedule25® – Optimized bulk course scheduling
* X25® – Graphical reporting for space management and master planning

### Virtual Instruction

* Stand Out® Classroom – Asynchronous video classroom instruction platform with lecture transcription and AI research tools

### Career Services

Source:
* Stand Out® – Video interview practice for job applicants, students, and career services. Candidate recruitment and hiring system for employers.

### Course Evaluation and Surveys

* Eval25 – Online course evaluations and surveys

### International Student Services

Source:
* Certifies® – Academic document authentication and delivery services

## Universities using CollegeNET

Stanford University, Yale University, University of Michigan, Elon University, University of Pennsylvania, University of California, Berkeley, University of Washington, Oregon State University, and approximately 1,000 other colleges and universities use CollegeNET's services.

## Social Mobility Index

CollegeNET produces the Social Mobility Index (SMI) which measures the degree to which individual colleges and universities contribute to social mobility.
# Žasliai Eldership

The Žasliai Eldership (Lithuanian: Žaslių seniūnija) is an eldership of Lithuania, located in the Kaišiadorys District Municipality. In 2021 its population was 1841.
# Abdul Nazir Sab

Abdul Nazir Sab (1934–1988), a.k.a Neer Sab, was an Indian politician, agriculturist, and member of the Janata Party who served as the Minister for Rural Development and Panchayat Raj in the Ramakrishna Hegde Cabinet from 1983 to 1985. He was a pioneer in advocating for the implementation of the Panchayat Raj system and the decentralization of political power.

## Early life

Nazir Sab was born on 25 December 1934, in Ayanavaram, Tamil Nadu. He was commonly referred to as Neer Sab, meaning water in Kannada, due to his efforts in promoting the installation of hand pumps in every village.

## Political career

Nazir Sab's political journey began as a social worker. He was mostly active in the education field. He would also organize farm laborers and advocate for the upliftment of marginalized communities. He served as the President of the Town Municipal Council, Gundlupet, and was the Organizing Secretary of the Congress Committee in Mysore. After completing his term as a Member of the Legislative Council (MLC) during Gundu Rao’s regime, he left the Congress (I) and joined the Janata-Ranga alliance. He was the President of Karnataka Kranti Ranga.
Ramakrishna Hegde was the Chief Minister of Karnataka when the Janata Party came to power in 1983. His government focused on social welfare and rural development. In 1983, Nazir Sab was appointed as the Rural Development and Panchayat Raj Minister. During his tenure, he introduced a scheme for decentralized democracy across the country. Under his leadership, the Panchayat Raj Institution was empowered. Karnataka was one of the first states to implement the Panchayat Raj system in India by enacting the Karnataka Zilla Parishads, Taluk Panchayat Samithies, Mandal Panchayats, and Nyaya Panchayats Act, 1985, commonly known as the Act of 1983. This legislation was based on the recommendations of the Ashok Mehta Committee and was drafted by Nazir Sab. The bill was introduced in the State Assembly in 1983, and the Act received the assent of the President of India in 1985.

## Death

Nazir Sab was diagnosed with cancer and went to the US for treatment. In his final days, he returned to his native Gundlupet. He was admitted to the Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology in Bangalore, where he passed away on 25 October 1988, at the age of 54. He was survived by his wife, Ashraf Jehan Begum, one son, and four daughters. In 2005, a statue of Nazir Sab was placed at the Zilla Panchayat office in Bangalore. The Abdul Nazir Sab State Institute of Rural Development and Panchayat Raj was set up in Mysore in 1989 after his name. The institute provides training in rural development and decentralized governance for elected representatives of Panchayat Raj Institutions.
The Government of Karnataka created a chair at the Centre for Multi-disciplinary Development Research (CMDR) to conduct research on various aspects of decentralized decision-making.
# Bořivoj II, Duke of Bohemia

Bořivoj II (c. 1064 – 2 February 1124) was the duke of Bohemia from 25 December 1100 until May 1107 and from December 1117 until 16 August 1120. He was the younger half-brother and successor of Bretislaus II. His father was Vratislav II of Bohemia, his mother Świętosława of Poland.

## Life

He was originally opposed by Duke Ulrich I of Brno, his cousin, who had recovered the stronghold originally confiscated from his father. A civil war ensued. Oldřich intended to recognise the suzerainty of Emperor Henry IV, and thereby gain his support, but Bořivoj had already been confirmed by the emperor. Oldřich was eventually forced to flee to Moravia.
In 1102, Ladislaus I Herman, Duke of Poland, died. A quarrel broke out in Poland over the succession, with Bořivoj and his cousin Svatopluk supporting Zbigniew against Bolesław III Wrymouth. Bolesław, however, paid Bořivoj off and the latter withdrew from the conflict. Svatopluk, furious, defected and led a number of Bohemian grandees with him. He sought to induce Coloman of Hungary to go to war with Bořivoj, but was unsuccessful until 1107. In that year, Bořivoj's younger brother Vladislaus rebelled and, with Coloman's help, took Prague. Svatopluk, who had recently captured and been forced to release Bořivoj by Emperor Henry V, was proclaimed king.
Bořivoj attacked in 1108 with the aid of Bolesław in alliance with Coloman, whom Svatopluk and Henry were jointly attacking in Hungary. Svatopluk was recalled to fight him off and soon the emperor was invading Poland. Svatopluk was murdered on this campaign by supporters of Bořivoj, but he could not regain the throne, which went to Vladislaus. In 1117, the brothers were reconciled and they ruled the duchy jointly (though divided) until 1120, when a new disagreement led Bořivoj to self-exile in Hungary, where he died on 2 February 1124.

## Marriage

He was married to Gerberga, daughter of Leopold II, Margrave of Austria. Their children are:
* Jaromir, +by 1135;
* Spitignev, +3.1.1157
* Lupold, fl 1143
* Boleslav, fl 1146
* Albrecht, +7.4. before 1124
* Richza, +27.2. before 1124
# Giorgi Gabunia

Giorgi Gabunia (Georgian: გიორგი გაბუნია,, born 28 July 1975) is a Georgian journalist and host, son of Georgian actor and host Julieta Vashakmadze. He was the News Host of Rustavi 2 and Mtavari Arkhi and He is the Director General of Mtavari Arkhi.

## Career

Currently he was host of program "P.S." January 2017-July 2019 on Rustavi 2 and "Post Factum" September 2019-May 2022 on Mtavari Arkhi.

## Assassination Attempt

The State Security Service of Georgia announced the arrest of a Russian citizen on 15 July 2020 for an assassination attempt on Giorgi Gabunia, who had insulted Putin in past. Georgian media and Gabunia's boss later claimed the assassin was sent by Ramzan Kadyrov, who denied the allegations and said that if he had sent someone to kill, they would succeed. Kadyrov called Gabunia his enemy and said that he should beg for forgiveness by getting down on his knees, otherwise he would continue to remain one. Georgian authorities have not confirmed or denied the allegations against Kadyrov.
# Herd (surname)

Herd is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

## People with the name

* Chris Herd (born 1989) Australian football player
* David Herd (anthologist) (1732–1810), Scottish anthologist
* David Herd (footballer) (1934–2016), Scottish former football player
* Fred Herd (1873–1954), Scottish professional golfer from St Andrews
* Richard Herd (1932–2020), American character actor in television and film
* Sandy Herd (1868–1944), Scottish professional golfer from St Andrews
* Stan Herd (born 1950), American earthworks artist from Kansas

## Fictional characters with the name

* Gregory Herd, character appearing in Marvel Comics stories
# Chilean Constitution of 1925

The Constitution of 1925 was the constitution in force in Chile between 1925 and 1973 when the Government Junta suspended it. In the 1920s Chile had a severe social and economic crisis that led to the loss of prestige for old ruling class, labeled oligarchy in Chilean historiography, and the rise of a more sensibilized populist government led by Arturo Alessandri. In 1924 Alessandri was outed in a coup, but was called back in 1925 to complete his mandate. Alessandri then used his presidency to draft a new constitution to replace the Constitution of 1833.
The constitution was approved by plebiscite by 134,421 voters on August 30 of 1925. Prominent features of the constitution were:
* Separation of the church from the state. This was the fulfillment of an old goal among many liberals in Chile. This issue had caused a series of conflicts and controversies in the 19th century.
* Legislative initiative powers to the president. (Reinforced with subsequent reforms)
* Created an electoral tribunal. This reform increased the democratization of elections that were still manipulated in large parts of the country.

## Principal reforms

* 1943: Creation of Comptroller General of Chile (Contraloría General de la República)
* 1963: Authorization of the Agrarian Land Reform (reinforced in 1967).
* 1970: Creation of Constitutional Court
* 1970: Democratic Guarantee Statute, to ensure better democratic freedoms
* 1971: Total nationalization of copper
# Enrique Hormazábal

Daniel Enrique "Cua cuá" Hormazábal Silva (January 6, 1931 – April 18, 1999) was a Chilean footballer, born in Santiago, who played as a right winger for Colo-Colo and the Chile national football team.

## Playing career

He played a significant role at the 1955 and 1956 editions of the Copa America where Chile would finish as runners-ups.

## Managerial career

From 1969 to 1970, he managed Colo-Colo for 27 matches. In 1976, he managed Coquimbo Unido in the Chilean Segunda División along with José Sulantay as assistant. In 1979 he managed Santiago Morning.

## Personal life

His nickname, Cua Cua, was due to the price of the taxi to go home: forty cents ("Cuarenta centavos" in Spanish).

## Honors

Colo-Colo
* Chilean League: 1956, 1960, 1963
Individual
* South American Championship player of the tournament: 1955
# Young Dillinger

Young Dillinger is a 1965 gangster film directed by Terry O. Morse. It stars Nick Adams as the notorious criminal John Dillinger, and co-stars Robert Conrad, John Ashley and Mary Ann Mobley.

## Plot

With help from Elaine, his girlfriend, young John Dillinger breaks into her father's safe. They are caught, but Dillinger takes the rap by himself.
In prison, he meets Pretty Boy Floyd and Baby Face Nelson, who join Dillinger's gang after he masterminds a prison break. The gang goes on a years-long crime spree, robbing banks and armored cars. Elaine goes along, but she becomes pregnant and is wounded in a shootout. Dillinger in forced to leave her behind, and she rats him out to the FBI in order to prevent the authorities from taking her baby.

## Cast

* Nick Adams as John Dillinger
* Robert Conrad as Pretty Boy Floyd
* John Ashley as Baby Face Nelson
* Mary Ann Mobley as Elaine
* Victor Buono as Professor Hoffman
* Dan Terranova as Homer Van Meter
* John Hoyt as Dr. Wilson
* Reed Hadley as Federal Agent Parker
* Robert Osterloh as Federal Agent Baum
* Anthony Caruso as Rocco
* Art Baker as Warden
* Gene Roth as Justice of Peace
* Harvey Gardner as Mills

## Production

The film was shot at Goldwyn Studios starting in November 1964. Al Zimbalist said he didn't want to glamourise the gangsters. "We just wanted to tell the story how three young men went wrong in hopes no other young people would make the same mistakes they made", he said.
Shot cheaply in 17 days without period costumes, Robert Conrad recalled that he only did the film to repay a favor to his friend Nick Adams. He says the film had "no budget" so "everyone had to do their own stunts" but it was during filming that he successfully auditioned for Wild Wild West.
John Ashley says the film "was basically all of (producer) Al Zimbalist's footage of machine guns and crashing cars from Baby Face Nelson (1957)."
Ashley added that the film "may have been the most fun of everything I ever did. At the time all three of us [Adams, Conrad and himself] were divorced. We were all living up in Nick's house. This film came along through Allied Artists. They actually approached Nick, and Nick said 'You should go see about getting John and Bobby'. We all agreed to it and we basically rewrote it. We took a lot of liberties with these three guys, but it was a lot of fun and a real pleasant experience." Ashley later produced some TV movies for Conrad.
During filming, the management of Allied Artists were engaged in a proxy fight with rebellious shareholders.
Adams and Zimbalist wanted to make another film together, Guns of the G Men. However it was never made.

## Reception

The Los Angeles Times called it "a B picture with A virtues... good performances... crisp direction... fast moving and full of action.
Cinema Retro later wrote "the movie breezes along at a brisk pace even if the style is quite unimpressive and pedestrian. In fact, the film looks like a standard TV episode of "The Untouchables" in terms of production values...The performances are adequate, nothing more."
# Nebraska College Conference

The Nebraska College Conference (NCC), known as the Nebraska Intercollegiate Conference from 1916 to 1926 and later as the Nebraska College Athletic Conference (NCAC), was an intercollegiate athletic conference that existed from 1916 to 1976. The league had members, as its name suggests, in the state of Nebraska. The public colleges in the conference departed for the separate Nebraska Intercollegiate Athletic Association (NIAA) in 1928 but re-joined after 1942.
In November 1959, the Nebraska College Conference accepted the withdrawal of Concordia College (now known as Concordia University Nebraska), Dana College, and Midland College (now known as Midland University). Those three schools joined the Tri-State Conference at its formation in 1960. Nebraska Wesleyan University left in 1969 to join the newly formed Nebraska Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (NIAC) (now called the Great Plains Athletic Conference (GPAC)).