OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Robert Daniel Potter

Robert Daniel Potter (April 4, 1923 – July 2, 2009) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of North Carolina.

## Education and career

Born in Wilmington, North Carolina, Potter received an Artium Baccalaureus degree from Duke University in 1947. He received a Bachelor of Laws from Duke University School of Law in 1950. He was a second lieutenant in the United States Army from 1944 to 1946. He was in private practice of law in Charlotte, North Carolina from 1951 to 1981. He was a Commissioner of Mecklenburg County, North Carolina from 1966 to 1968.

## Federal judicial service

Potter was a campaign worker for Republican Senator Jesse Helms of North Carolina, who recommended his appointment to the federal bench to President Ronald Reagan.
Potter was nominated by President Ronald Reagan on October 1, 1981, to the United States District Court for the Western District of North Carolina, to a new seat created by 92 Stat. 1629. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on October 29, 1981, and received commission the same day. He served as Chief Judge from 1984 to 1991. He assumed senior status on May 1, 1994, serving that status until his death on July 2, 2009, in Charlotte.

## Notable cases

Potter was known for sentencing convicted defendants to long terms at or near the maximum, a tendency that won him the nickname "Maximum Bob." Potter was the presiding judge in the 1989 trial of televangelist Jim Bakker, who Potter sentenced to 45 years in prison for multiple fraud and conspiracy accusations (the jury was not allowed to see the Heritage USA apartment complex that was 90 days from completion). In passing sentence, Potter stated: "Those of us who do have a religion are sick of being saps for money-grubbing preachers and priests." On appeal, the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit affirmed the conviction but vacated the sentence, holding that "Regrettably, we are left with the apprehension that the imposition of a lengthy prison term here may have reflected the fact that the court's own sense of religious propriety had somehow been betrayed. In this way, we believe that the trial court abused its discretion."
In 1997, in the case of Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, Potter ordered the termination of desegregation busing of students in the Charlotte-Mecklenburg School District, ruling that the district had achieved "unitary" status; i.e., that it had "eliminated, to the extent practicable, the vestiges of past discrimination in the traditional areas of school operations." The decision was overturned by the Fourth Circuit in 2000.

## Other service

Potter was a longtime financial supporter of Christendom College. He raised funds for the college and was a member of its advisory board.

## Personal

Potter was Roman Catholic.
# E. Grady Jolly

Elbert Grady Jolly Jr. (born October 3, 1937) is a senior United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit. His chambers are in Jackson, Mississippi.

## Education and career

Jolly was born in Louisville, Mississippi. He received a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Mississippi in 1959 and a Bachelor of Laws from the University of Mississippi Law School in 1962. He was a trial attorney for the National Labor Relations Board in Winston-Salem, North Carolina from 1962 to 1964, an Assistant United States Attorney for the Northern District of Mississippi from 1964 to 1967, and a lawyer for the Tax Division of the United States Department of Justice from 1967 to 1969. In 1969 he entered private practice in Jackson, Mississippi.

## Federal judicial service

Jolly was nominated by President Ronald Reagan on July 1, 1982, to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, to the seat vacated by Judge James P. Coleman. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on July 27, 1982, and received commission on July 30, 1982. Jolly assumed senior status on October 3, 2017.

## Notable cases

In July 1986, Jolly wrote the opinion for a unanimous three-judge panel that held Louisiana's law requiring schools to teach creationism alongside evolution was an unconstitutional violation of the Establishment Clause. The decision was affirmed by the Supreme Court in Edwards v. Aguillard.
In July 2014, Jolly wrote the 2–1 majority opinion in Jackson Women's Health Organization v. Currier, which allowed Mississippi's sole abortion clinic to remain open. Jolly stated that a state law which would have shut down the clinic because its doctors were unable to obtain privileges at a local hospital would have violated Mississippi women's rights to seek abortions within their state's borders.
# Vital du Four

Vital du Four (Bazas, 1260-Avignon, 1327) was a French Franciscan theologian and scholastic philosopher, and prior of Eauze.
He became Cardinal in 1312 and bishop of Albano in 1321.

## Works

* Quaestiones disputate de rerum principio, wrongly attributed to Duns Scotus in: Quaestiones disputatae De rerum principio, tractatus De primo rerum omnium principio, novis curis edidit Marianus Fernandez Garcia, Quaracchi, 1910, pp. 1–624.

## Studies

* John F. Lynch, The Theory of Knowledge of Vital du Four, St. Bonaventure, Franciscan Institute Publications, 1972. ISBN 978-1-57659-103-1
# Stephen S. Trott

Stephen Spangler Trott (born December 12, 1939) is an inactive Senior United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.

## Education and career

Born in Glen Ridge, New Jersey, Trott received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Wesleyan University in 1962. As a freshman at Wesleyan, Trott was an early member of the folk music group The Highwaymen. He received a Bachelor of Laws from Harvard Law School in 1965. He was a deputy district attorney for Los Angeles County, California from 1966 to 1981 and the chief deputy district attorney from 1975 to 1979. He was the United States Attorney for the Central District of California from 1981 to 1983. He served as Assistant Attorney General for the United States Department of Justice Criminal Division from 1983 to 1986, and Associate Attorney General from 1986 to 1988.

## Federal judicial service

Trott was nominated by President Ronald Reagan on August 7, 1987, to a seat on the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit vacated by Judge Joseph Tyree Sneed III. "He reportedly turned down the opportunity to be nominated for FBI director, preferring the Ninth Circuit vacancy instead." He was confirmed by the United States Senate on March 24, 1988, and received commission on March 25, 1988. He assumed senior status on December 31, 2004, and inactive senior status in December 2020.
# Harry W. Wellford

Harry Walker Wellford (August 6, 1924 – April 17, 2021) was a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit and a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Tennessee.

## Education and early career

Wellford was born on August 6, 1924, in Memphis, Tennessee. He received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Washington and Lee University in 1947. He received a Bachelor of Laws from Vanderbilt University Law School in 1950. He was in the United States Navy as an Ensign from 1944 to 1946. He was in private practice of law in Memphis from 1950 to 1970. He also was active in political affairs, managing the successful campaigns of Howard Baker for United States Senate in 1966 and Winfield Dunn for Governor of Tennessee in 1970.

## Federal judicial service

Wellford was nominated by President Richard Nixon on November 24, 1970, to the United States District Court for the Western District of Tennessee, to a new seat created by 84 Stat. 294. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on December 11, 1970, and received commission on December 12, 1970. His service was terminated on September 10, 1982, due to elevation to the Sixth Circuit.
On August 4, 1976 President Gerald Ford nominated Wellford to a seat on the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit to replace William Ernest Miller, who had died on April 12, 1976. Civil rights groups objected to Wellford's nomination and, with the nomination coming so late in Ford's presidency, the Senate never took a vote on his nomination before Ford left office. President Jimmy Carter declined to renominate Wellford when he took office, nominating Gilbert S. Merritt Jr. instead.
On July 27, 1982, he was nominated by President Ronald Reagan, to a seat on the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit vacated by Judge Bailey Brown. He was confirmed by the Senate on August 20, 1982, and received commission the same day. He assumed senior status on January 15, 1991.

## Personal life

Wellford was married to Katherine Estes Potts Wellford, and they had five children. He died in Memphis in April 2021 at the age of 96. On September 2, 2022, his granddaughter Eliza Fletcher, a kindergarten teacher, was kidnapped, raped and murdered while out for an early morning jog in Memphis in a case that attracted national media attention.
# Simon of Tournai

Simon of Tournai (c. 1130–1201) was a professor at the University of Paris in the late twelfth century.

## Biography

His date of birth is uncertain, but he was teaching before 1184, as he signed a document at the same time as Gerard de Pucelle, the Bishop of Coventry, who died that year.
Simon taught philosophy for ten years, and was said to be brilliant. Then he moved on to teaching theology, with equal success. He used the writings of Aristotle, whose works were becoming known, and other philosophical works.
This eventually brought suspicion upon him from the enemies of the new philosophy. According to Thomas of Cantimpré, he would have pronounced the blasphemy of the three impostors and would have immediately been struck with epilepsy. Matthew Paris attributes another blasphemy to a Simon (de) Churnay, who is believed to be Simon de Tournai. These anecdotes find little credit among modern historians. The 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia maintains that all of the surviving works of Simon of Tournai show an orthodox Catholicism.
Charles Baudelaire's poem The Punishment of Pride is alleged to reference Simon.
# Maurice McCarthy (American football)

Maurice J. McCarthy was an American college football player and coach. He was the head football coach at Fordham University in 1900 and co-head coach in 1901 with Fred L. Smith. He compiled an overall record of 4–2–3. McCarthy was also a physical instructor at Fordham.

## Head coaching record

| Year | Team | Overall |
| Fordham (Independent) (1900–1901) ||||||
| 1900 | Fordham | 2–1–2 |
| 1901 | Fordham | 2–1–1 |
| Fordham: | Fordham: | 4–2–3 |
| Total: | Total: | 4–2–3 |
# Lawrence Paul Zatkoff

Lawrence Paul Zatkoff (June 16, 1939 – January 22, 2015) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan.

## Education and career

Born in Detroit, Michigan, Zatkoff received a Bachelor of Science from the University of Detroit (now University of Detroit Mercy) in 1962 and a Juris Doctor from Detroit College of Law (now Michigan State University College of Law) in 1966. He was an assistant prosecuting attorney of Macomb County, Michigan in 1966. He was in private practice in Detroit, Michigan from 1966 to 1968, and in Roseville, Michigan from 1968 to 1978, also serving as a member of the faculty of Detroit College of Law from 1968 to 1969, and as an associate government appeal agent for the Selective Service Administration from 1969 to 1972. He was a judge on the Macomb County Probate Court from 1978 to 1982, and on the Macomb County Circuit Court from 1982 to 1986.

## Federal judicial service

On January 21, 1986, Zatkoff was nominated by President Ronald Reagan to a seat on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan vacated by Judge Ralph B. Guy Jr. Zatkoff was confirmed by the United States Senate on March 3, 1986, and received his commission on March 4, 1986. He served as Chief Judge from 1999 to 2004, assuming senior status on June 16, 2004. Zatkoff died of cancer on January 22, 2015, in St. Clair Shores, Michigan.
# Peter Collins Dorsey

Peter Collins Dorsey (March 24, 1931 – January 20, 2012) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Connecticut.

## Education

Born in New London, Connecticut, Dorsey received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Yale University in 1953, and a Bachelor of Laws from Harvard Law School in 1959. He was in the United States Naval Reserve from 1953 to 1956.

## Career

Dorsey was in private practice in New Haven, Connecticut from 1959 to 1974. He was the United States Attorney for the District of Connecticut from 1974 to 1977. He returned to private practice in New Haven from 1977 to 1983.

## Federal judicial service

Dorsey was nominated by President Ronald Reagan on June 7, 1983, to a seat vacated by Judge T. Emmet Clarie. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on July 18, 1983, and received commission on July 19, 1983. He served as Chief Judge from 1994 to 1998. He assumed senior status on January 2, 1998.

## Death

Dorsey died after a long illness on January 20, 2012, in New Haven, aged 80.
# David S. Doty

David Singleton Doty (born June 30, 1929) is a senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Minnesota.

## Education and career

Doty was born in Anoka, Minnesota. He received his Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Minnesota in 1952 and his Juris Doctor from the University of Minnesota Law School in 1961. He had served as a captain in the United States Marine Corps in the interim, from 1952 to 1958. Following graduation he practiced privately in St. Paul, Minnesota for a year. He moved to Minneapolis the next year and practiced there from 1962 to 1987, partly with the Popham Haik law firm. He had also served as a state Special Assistant Attorney General from 1968 to 1969 and as President of the Minnesota State Bar Association from 1984 to 1985.

### Federal judicial service

Doty was nominated by President Ronald Reagan on February 5, 1987, to a seat on the United States District Court for the District of Minnesota vacated by Judge Miles Lord. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on May 7, 1987, and received commission on May 8, 1987. He assumed senior status on June 30, 1998.

### Notable case

Throughout his career as a judge, Doty has played an important role in labor disputes involving the National Football League (NFL). Judge Doty is named in the current NFL collective bargaining agreement (CBA) as the ultimate arbiter of grievances or issues between the NFL Players Association and the NFL Management Council. On March 1, 2011, he ruled that the NFL violated the CBA by negotiating a $4 billion payment from their broadcasting partners, in effect purchasing insurance against a potential lockout.
# Pseudocherleria

Pseudocherleria is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Caryophyllaceae.
Its native range is subarctic western North America and Eurasia to northern China, Korea, and Japan, as well as Turkey, the Caucasus, and Iran.

## Species

10 species are accepted.
* Pseudocherleria aizoides (Boiss.) Dillenb. & Kadereit
* Pseudocherleria brotheriana (Trautv.) Dillenb. & Kadereit
* Pseudocherleria charadzeae (Lazkov) Dillenb. & Kadereit
* Pseudocherleria colchica (Kharadze) Dillenb. & Kadereit
* Pseudocherleria imbricata (C.A.Mey.) Dillenb. & Kadereit
* Pseudocherleria inamoena (C.A.Mey.) Dillenb. & Kadereit
* Pseudocherleria laricina (L.) Dillenb. & Kadereit
* Pseudocherleria macrocarpa (Pursh) Dillenb. & Kadereit
* Pseudocherleria pseudoimbricata (Lazkov) Dillenb. & Kadereit
* Pseudocherleria rhodocalyx (Albov) Dillenb. & Kadereit
# Morris Owens

Morris Owens (born February 14, 1953) is a former professional American football wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL). He played for the Miami Dolphins from 1975 to 1976 and for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers from 1976 to 1979.
# Robert P. Patterson Jr.

Robert Porter Patterson Jr. (July 11, 1923 – April 21, 2015) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York.

## Early life and career

Born in New York City, New York on July 11, 1923, the son of United States Secretary of War Robert P. Patterson, Patterson Jr. was in the United States Army Air Corps from 1942 to 1956, during which time he received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Harvard College in 1947 and a Bachelor of Laws from Columbia Law School in 1950. He was in private practice in New York City from 1950 to 1952, then served as assistant counsel to the New York State Crime Commission from 1952 to 1953, and as an Assistant United States Attorney for Southern District of New York from 1953 to 1956. He was also an assistant counsel to the United States Senate Banking and Currency Committee in 1954. He was in private practice in New York City again from 1956 (joining the firm founded by his father, Patterson, Belknap & Webb - later Patterson, Belknap, Webb & Tyler) to 1988, working as a special hearing officer for conscientious objectors in the United States Department of Justice from 1961 to 1968, and as minority counsel to a Select Committee Pursuant to United States House of Representatives Resolution Number 1 in 1967.

## Federal judicial service

In March 1988, New York Democratic Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan recommended Patterson, a Republican, for a seat on the United States District Court as part of a bipartisan deal between him and New York's other senator, Republican Alfonse D'Amato, that permitted New York's senator from the party that was not in the White House to select a small number of federal judges from New York. Similar deals have been worked out over the years between New York's senators to pave the way for nominations of Sonia Sotomayor and John E. Sprizzo, both of whom also were recommended by minority-party senators from New York and ultimately were nominated by the president and confirmed to the federal bench.
On June 14, 1988, President Ronald Reagan nominated Patterson to a seat on the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York vacated by Judge Whitman Knapp. On August 10, 1988, the United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary reported on Patterson's nomination on a voice vote without dissent. The next day, however, Republican Senator Gordon Humphrey placed a hold on Patterson's nomination and subsequently queried the nominee about his positions on abortion. Ultimately, Patterson was confirmed by the United States Senate on October 5, 1988, and received his commission the following day. He assumed senior status on December 31, 1998, and died on April 21, 2015, at the age of 91.
# Henry Rupert Wilhoit Jr.

Henry Rupert Wilhoit Jr. (February 11, 1935 – September 12, 2022) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Kentucky.

## Education and career

Born in Ashland, Kentucky, Wilhoit received a Bachelor of Laws from the University of Kentucky College of Law in 1960. He was in private practice in Grayson, Kentucky from 1960 to 1981, serving as the city attorney for Grayson from 1962 to 1966, and was the county attorney of Carter County, Kentucky from 1966 to 1970.

## Federal judicial service

On August 11, 1981, Wilhoit was nominated by President Ronald Reagan to a seat on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Kentucky vacated by Judge Howard David Hermansdorfer. Wilhoit was confirmed by the United States Senate on September 25, 1981, and received his commission on September 28, 1981. He served as chief judge from 1998 to 2000, assuming senior status on December 31, 2000.
Wilhoit died on September 12, 2022, at the age of 87.
# Joseph H. Rodriguez

Joseph Henry Rodriguez (born December 12, 1930) is a senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey.

## Education and career

Rodriguez was born in Camden, New Jersey, to Mario, a survivor of the 1918 sinking of the passenger liner SS Carolina, and Carmen Martinez Chapel Rodriguez, Rodriguez received an Artium Baccalaureus degree from La Salle University in 1955 and a Bachelor of Laws from Rutgers School of Law–Camden in 1958. He was in private practice in Camden from 1959 to 1982. He was the Chairman of New Jersey State Board of Higher Education from 1971 to 1973, and of the State Commission of Investigation from 1974 to 1979. He was a public advocate/public defender, for the State of New Jersey from 1982 to 1985.

### Federal judicial service

On February 28, 1985, Rodriguez was nominated by President Ronald Reagan to a new seat on the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey created by 98 Stat. 333. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on May 3, 1985, and received his commission on May 10, 1985. He assumed senior status on May 22, 1998. In 2007, Rodriguez wrote for a unanimous panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit when it held that challengers had no standing to bring claims of racially exclusionary zoning.
# Kenneth Ryskamp

Kenneth Lee Ryskamp (August 10, 1932 – November 16, 2017) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida.

## Education and career

Born in Grand Rapids, Michigan, Ryskamp received an Artium Baccalaureus degree from Calvin College in 1955. He received a Juris Doctor from University of Miami School of Law in 1956. He was a law clerk for Judge Mallory H. Horton of the Florida Third District Court of Appeal from 1957 to 1959. He was in private practice of law in Miami, Florida from 1959 to 1986.

## Federal judicial service

Ryskamp was nominated by President Ronald Reagan on March 12, 1986, to a seat on the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida vacated by Judge Joe Oscar Eaton. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on April 23, 1986, and received commission on April 24, 1986. He took the judicial oath and commenced service on May 2, 1986. He assumed senior status on January 1, 2000. As of January 2017, Ryskamp took inactive senior status, meaning that while he remained a federal judge, he no longer heard cases or participated in the business of the court. Ryskamp died on November 16, 2017.

## Failed nomination to the Eleventh Circuit

On April 26, 1990, Ryskamp was nominated to a seat on the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit by President George H. W. Bush to replace Judge Paul Hitch Roney, who had taken senior status. The Democratic-controlled United States Senate Judiciary Committee chose not to proceed with Ryskamp's nomination, in part because of his membership in a private country club, the Riviera Country Club in Coral Gables, Florida, that was said to be discriminatory. Some senators also objected to comments by Ryskamp during a 1987 case that they considered to be insensitive. After the November 1990 elections, Bush renominated Ryskamp to the seat on January 8, 1991, but Ryskamp's nomination continued to be held up in committee by Senate Democrats, and it eventually was defeated in the Senate Judiciary Committee by an 8–6, party-line vote on April 12, 1991. As a result, his nomination never made it to the Senate floor for a full Senate vote.
# Afrocalliandra

Afrocalliandra is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It belongs to the mimosoid clade of the subfamily Caesalpinioideae. It includes two species, both native to sub-Saharan Africa:
* Afrocalliandra gilbertii (Thulin & Hunde) E.R.Souza & L.P.Queiroz – central Somalia to northeastern and eastern-central Kenya.
* Afrocalliandra redacta (J.H.Ross) E.R.Souza & L.P.Queiroz – northwestern Cape Provinces of South Africa