OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Intersex rights in Canada

Intersex people in Canada have no recognition of their rights to physical integrity and bodily autonomy, and no specific protections from discrimination on the basis of sex characteristics. Academic advocates including Janik Bastien-Charlebois and Morgan Holmes, and organizations including Egale Canada and the Canadian Bar Association have called for reform.

## Physical integrity and bodily autonomy

The definition of aggravated assault under Section 268 of the Criminal Code contains an exemption that explicitly permits surgical interventions to modify the characteristics of individuals to make them appear more typical:
   Excision
   (3) For greater certainty, in this section, “wounds” or “maims” includes to excise, infibulate or mutilate, in whole or in part, the labia majora, labia minora or clitoris of a person, except where
   (a) a surgical procedure is performed, by a person duly qualified by provincial law to practise medicine, for the benefit of the physical health of the person or for the purpose of that person having normal reproductive functions or normal sexual appearance or function; or
   (b) the person is at least eighteen years of age and there is no resulting bodily harm.
For Intersex Awareness Day in October 2018, Egale Canada published a statement calling on the Canadian government to protect the rights of intersex persons, fulfilling "treaty body obligations under international law," and accompanied by a submission to the UN Committee Against Torture. The statement referred to Criminal Code [s. 268(3)], stating that it "allows for parents and medical practitioners to undertake nonconsensual, cosmetic surgeries on intersex infants". Egale called on the Canadian government to:
   * Investigate cases of intersex genital mutilation and other medical malpractices pertaining to non consensual, cosmetic surgeries on intersex children;
   * Follow best practices with regard to providing free and informed consent, in compliance with its treaty body obligations;
   * Make necessary amendments to the criminal code adopt legal provisions to redress and compensate victims.
In May 2019, the Canadian Bar Association called on the government to amend the Criminal Code, "to postpone genital normalizing surgeries on children until the child can meaningfully participate in the decision – except where there is immediate risk to the child's health and medical treatment cannot be delayed."
On June 15, 2021, Egale Canada filed an application to the Ontario Superior Court of Justice challenging the constitutionality of Section 268(3)(a) of the Criminal Code.

## Identification documents

All individuals (intersex or not) with non-binary gender can obtain Canadian passports with an "X" sex descriptor.

## Marriage

Since the passing of the Civil Marriage Act in 2005, marriage has been defined as "the lawful union of two persons to the exclusion of all others."

## Rights advocacy

Notable intersex rights advocates in Canada include Janik Bastien-Charlebois and Morgan Holmes.
# Duncan Pritchard

Duncan Pritchard FRSE is the chancellor's professor of philosophy and the director of graduate studies at the University of California, Irvine. He was previously professor of philosophy and chair in epistemology at the University of Edinburgh. His research is mainly in the field of epistemology. He has studied the problem of scepticism, the epistemic externalism/internalism distinction; the rationality of religious belief; testimony; the relationship between epistemic and content externalism; virtue epistemology; epistemic value; modal epistemology; Wittgensteinian hinge epistemology; the history of scepticism; and epistemological contextualism.

## Academic studies

He received his PhD in philosophy from the University of St Andrews.

## Books

The books of Pritchard:
* Epistemology, (Palgrave Macmillan, 2016). [NB. This is the retitled second edition of Knowledge].
* Epistemic Angst: Radical Skepticism and the Groundlessness of Our Believing (Princeton University Press, 2015).
* What is this Thing Called Philosophy?, (editor, Routledge, 2015).
* Philosophy for Everyone, (editor, with M. Chrisman, Routledge, 2013).
* Epistemological Disjunctivism (Oxford University Press, 2012).
* Knowledge, (Palgrave Macmillan, 1st ed. 2009). [The second edition of this textbook has been retitled Epistemology—see above].
* What is this Thing Called Knowledge?, (Routledge, 1st ed. 2006; 2nd ed. 2009; 3rd ed. 2013; 4th ed. 2018; 5th ed. 2023).
* Epistemology A-Z (with M. Blaauw), (Edinburgh UP/Palgrave Macmillan, 2005)

## Awards

He received the Philip Leverhulme Prize for his research in philosophy in 2007. He received a chair in epistemology in 2007. He was also elected to a Fellowship of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 2011 for his works in philosophy.
# Khalid Hameed (newscaster)

Khalid Hameed Baig is a Pakistani newscaster who worked at Radio Pakistan and Pakistan Television during the 1970s and 1980s. Currently, he is associated with Voice of America (Urdu).

## Life and career

Hameed was born in Rawalpindi. He joined Pakistan Television as a news presenter in February 1972. According to a Gallup survey in 1986, he was the most popular male PTV newscaster.
As of January 2025, Hameed is working for Voice of America (Urdu).

## Awards and recognition

| Year | Award | Category | Result | Ref. |
| 1985 | Nigar Award | Best newscaster | Won | |
| 1990 | Pride of Performance | Arts | Won | |
# Lynching of Fred Alexander

The lynching of Fred Alexander was committed by a mob in Leavenworth, Kansas on January 15, 1901, after he was arrested for rape and murder. He was killed when he was burned alive while tied to a metal rail. The Democratic Party-allied newspaper had been fomenting fear of African Americans as libidinous sexual predators. Results of official investigations disputed whether there was a rape and only circumstantial evidence was used to blame him for the alleged crime. The lynching and its aftermath were widely covered in newspapers.
Alexander was a veteran of the Spanish–American War. He was accused of the rape and murder of 19-year-old Pearl Forbes. He was castrated during the lynching.
# Abanoub

Abanoub or Abanob or Abanoub Al-Nahisy (Coptic: ⲁⲛⲟⲩⲃ, also ⲁⲡⲁ ⲁⲛⲟⲩⲃ) is a 4th-century Christian saint and martyr from Egypt. His name is related to the Egyptian god Anoubis. He was born in Nehisa in the Nile Delta to Christian parents. Abanoub was 12 years old when he was killed and beheaded, after being tortured for refusing to leave Christianity. His feast day is July 31 (Epip 24). His relics are preserved in St. Virgin Mary and St. Abanoub Churches in Sebennytos, Egypt. His title is often The Child Martyr.

## History

Abanoub was born in the city of Nehisa (Coptic: ⲛⲁⲏⲥⲓ), modern Kafr al-Abhar in the district of Talkha. He was the only son of parents who reared him in the fear of God. They died when Abanoub was a young child. At age twelve, Abanoub entered the church to hear the priest asking the congregation to remain faithful during the persecutions provoked by Diocletian, the Roman emperor. Abanoub received the Holy Sacraments, then he prayed to God to guide him to where he could confess his faith in Jesus.
He returned to his house, and straight away he rose up, and gave all the gold, silver, and apparel his father had left him to the poor and needy, then went to Samanoud, walking along the river bank. On the way, he had a vision of the Archangel Michael, who told him that he would suffer at Samanoud. He confessed the Name of the Lord Christ before Lucianus the governor. Abanoub also insulted Lucianus's idols such that the governor ruler became furious and gave orders that the child be whipped. The soldiers beat Abanoub severely, but the Archangel Michael miraculously healed him.
On the following day, the governor took Abanoub on a boat to a city called Athribis, and as a form of punishment, Abanoub was hung upside down from the mast. The soldiers, along with their ruler, began to drink and dance, while hitting Abanoub on the mouth. Abanoub's nose bled, but then, unexpectedly, the soldiers became blind and the ruler paralyzed. The soldiers cried to Abanoub to pray for them and promised to become Christians. Abanoub replied, "This will only happen in Athribis, so that everyone there should know that there is no other God but Christ". The angel of the Lord came down from heaven, released Abanoub, and wiped up the blood that was running down from his nose and mouth. Strong winds brought them swiftly to Athribis. When they arrived in Athribis, the soldiers were healed, and they cast their uniforms in front of the ruler of Athribis. The governor became infuriated and ordered that they all be killed. The governor of Athribis tortured Abanoub severely, then sent him to the city of Alexandria. There he was tortured until he delivered up his soul and received the crown of martyrdom. St. Julius El-Akfahsi, who wrote the biography of St. Abanoub, was present. He took Abanoub's body and sent it with some of his men to Abanoub's hometown, Nehisa.

## Veneration

In 960 AD, St. Abanoub's body was transferred to St. Virgin Mary Church in Samanoud. Many churches were built in his name. Many signs and miracles were manifested from his body which is now located in his church in the city of Samanoud. His feast day is July 31 (Epip 24).
# Hans-Joachim Watzke

Hans-Joachim "Aki" Watzke (born 21 June 1959, Marsberg, North Rhine-Westphalia) is a German businessman and football official. He was the CEO of Borussia Dortmund.

## Background

Watzke watched his first games at the Rote Erde as a child, and has been a club member of Borussia Dortmund since 1996.

## Business career

He earned a Master of Business Administration from the Paderborn University.
He founded and grew Watex, a company making safety clothing, with sales of EU15-20m and 45 employees.

### Work at Borussia Dortmund

He became treasurer of Borussia Dortmund in 2001.
In 2005, at the climax of the club's financial crisis, he was appointed chief executive officer. Alongside chairman Reinhard Rauball and CFO Thomas Treß, Watzke is credited with having saved the club from bankruptcy. He restructured and streamlined the club, made rigid cost cuts, and operated a clear financial plan. A 20% pay cut was made for all players. In 2006, in order to reduce debt, the Westfalenstadion was renamed "Signal Iduna Park" after a local insurance company (the naming rights agreement runs until 2031).
In 2024, It was announced that he would be stepping down as CEO the following year. His replacement was announced to be Lars Ricken

## Administrative career

On 14 December 2021, Watzke was elected as first vice-president of the German Football Association (DFB). In February 2022, he was appointed as the Chairman of the Supervisory Board of the Die Liga – Fußballverband. On 5 April 2023, he became a UEFA Executive Committee member.

## Political affiliations

Watzke is a member of the Christian Democratic Union.
# Fred Meyer (wrestler)

Frederick Julius Meyer (May 17, 1900 – March 12, 1983) was an American wrestler who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics winning a bronze medal and later had a successful professional wrestling career. Meyer, who was Jewish was born in Chicago and died in Los Angeles. He attended DePaul University.

## 1920 Olympic bronze medal

In 1920, he won the Olympic bronze medal in the freestyle wrestling heavyweight class in Antwerp. In the competition, he tied for third with Ernst Nilsson of Sweden. In the wrestle-off for the bronze medals, they wrestled two 15-minute bouts before the match was called a draw and two bronze medals were awarded.
Meyer had an excellent record in American competition. He won six Central AAU and four National AAU titles. He won both the 191 lb. and heavyweight divisions at the 1922 National Championships. He later became very successful as a professional wrestler.
As part of a trend in which religious and ethnic organizations used their facilities to develop competitive athletes, Meyer was one of a number of national champions whose skills were fostered at the Chicago Hebrew Institute. Meyer, who had been wrestling for the Chicago Hebrew Institute since he was nine years old, joined Walter Mauer of the Institute at the 1920 Summer Games in Antwerp, Belgium, marking the first time that Jewish athletes representing a Jewish club had been selected for the U.S. team. Dr. George Eisen of Nazareth College included Meyer on his list of Jewish Olympic Medalists.
Meyer died on March 12, 1983, of heart failure at Century City Hospital in Los Angeles.
# George Cecil Horry

George Cecil Horry (6 May 1907 – 29 April 1981) was a British-born New Zealand criminal.
In 1951, he became the first person in more than 300 years to be convicted under English common law for the murder of a victim of whose body was never found.
By 1951 when he was arrested he had accumulated 64 convictions (and been conscripted into the New Zealand Army in 1944). The jury accepted the circumstantial evidence and found him guilty; though the death penalty for murder had been restored it was not in force in 1942 so he was not hanged. Although one of the officers who interviewed Horry in 1943 had retired, his written record of the interview enabled him to recall the details.
He died in Auckland as "George Taylor" (having changed his name by deed poll), leaving a wife and child.
# ZNST-FM

ZNST-FM is an R&B radio station in Nassau, Bahamas.
# Dixophlebia quadristrigata

Dixophlebia quadristrigata is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1864. It is found in Brazil (Tefé, Minas Gerais).
# Harold Bernard St. John

Sir Harold Bernard St. John, KA (16 August 1931 – 29 February 2004) was a Barbadian politician who served as the third prime minister of Barbados from 1985 to 1986. To date, he is the shortest serving Barbadian prime minister. He was leader of the Barbados Labour Party from 1970 to 1971 and again from 1985 to 1987. He was widely known as Bree.

## Biography

St. John was born in the Parish of Christ Church and attended the Christ Church Foundation School. He was professionally trained as a lawyer at the University College London and was called to the Bar at the Inner Temple in 1958. In 1959, before the island became independent from the United Kingdom, St. John joined the Barbados Labour Party beginning an opposition representative in the pre-independence Senate of Barbados in 1964. After independence in 1966, he was elected to the Barbados House of Assembly. He served as a member of the Upper Chamber between 1971 and 1976 as a member of the Opposition party.
St. John left the Senate of Barbados when he was re-elected to the House of Assembly of Barbados in 1976, when his party under J. M. G. Adams won the election. He served in numerous cabinet positions in the 1970s including deputy prime minister, minister of trade and industry, and minister of tourism, where he did his most influential work in developing the tourism industry in Barbados. When Adams died in 1985, St. John became prime minister. During his tenure as prime minister, he held the additional portfolio of Minister of Finance. The following year he was defeated in the elections by Errol Barrow and the Democratic Labour Party.
In 1994 when the BLP regained power, he did not return to the Cabinet and served instead as a backbencher under Owen Arthur. That same year St. John was conferred the highest honour in Barbados; he was made a Knight of St. Andrew (KA) of the Order of Barbados.
In 2004, Bernard St. John died of cancer in Bridgetown, aged 72. He left his widow Lady Stella (née Hope) and three children: Bryte, Charmaine and Nicole.
# Harrison Róchez

Harrison Dwith Róchez (born November 29, 1983) is a Belizean former football midfielder.

## Club career

Róchez played for several local clubs in his native Belize, before moving to play in Honduras in 2007. He played for Platense and Necaxa before joining Marathón in December 2011.

## International career

He made his debut for Belize in a June 2004 World Cup qualification match against Canada and, by January 2010, has earned 14 caps, playing in four World Cup qualifiers.

### International goals

    Scores and results list Belize's goal tally first.
| # | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1. | 6 February 2008 | Estadio Mateo Flores, Guatemala City, Guatemala | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 2–1 | 3–1 | 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification |
| 2. | 9 October 2010 | Estadio Julián Tesucún, San José, Guatemala | Guatemala | 1–1 | 2–4 | Friendly |
| 3. | 15 June 2011 | Ato Boldon Stadium, Couva, Trinidad and Tobago | Montserrat | 2–1 | 5–2 | 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification |
| 4. | 2 September 2011 | National Stadium, St. Georges, Grenada | Grenada | 2–0 | 3–0 | 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification |
| 5. | 14 June 2015 | FFB Stadium, Belmopan, Belize | Dominican Republic | 1–0 | 3–0 | 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification |

## Stats

| Team | Season | Games | Start | Sub | Goal | YC | RC |
| Deportes Savio | 2007–08 C | 17 | 13 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Deportes Savio | 2008–09 A | 16 | 9 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Deportes Savio | 2008–09 C | 15 | 15 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| C.D. Platense | 2009–10 A | 18 | 15 | 3 | 7 | 2 | 0 |
# Poliellaspis

Poliellaspis is an extinct genus from a well-known class of fossil marine arthropods, the trilobites. It lived during the Botomian stage, which lasted from approximately 524 to 518.5 million years ago. This faunal stage was part of the Cambrian Period.
# Chiaffredo

Chiaffredo (also Chiaffredus, Theofredus, Ciafrè, Chaffre, Teofredo, Jafredo, Jafredus, Eufredus, Jofredus, Sinfredus, Zaffredus) is venerated as the patron saint of Saluzzo, Italy.
Tradition considers him a member of the Theban Legion, but instead of being martyred with this legion at Agaunum (in present-day Switzerland), he escaped to Piedmont and was martyred there.
A 14th-century account relates that, around 522, a man fell from a precipice near Crissolo but remained unharmed. The local population attributed his being unharmed to relics discovered by a peasant plowing in the vicinity - a discovery attributed to divine intervention. The mysterious skeleton was given the name of “San Ciafrè” and the tomb became the focus of a celebrated sanctuary at Crissolo.
The first documentary evidence pointing to a cult devoted to Chiaffredo dates from 1387, when Avignon Pope Clement VII granted indulgences to those who visited the church at Crissolo and helped in its repair. A late 16th century legend written down by Guglielmo Baldesano states that Chiaffredo or Teofredo, soldier of the Theban Legion, escaped to Piedmont to avoid sacrificing to pagan idols and was martyred at Crissolo around 270. Fabio Arduino believes this story to have no historical foundation, as it would have been unlikely for a Roman legionary of the 3rd century to bear such a clearly Germanic name. The name is a variant of Theudofridus, derived from the Germanic theuda- "people," and frithu- "peace."
The sepulcher identified as Chiaffredo's burial place may have been a tomb of pagan origins. Similar to the cults of Constantius at Crissolo, Bessus at Val Soana, Tegulus at Ivrea, Magnus at Castelmagno, and Dalmatius at Borgo San Dalmazzo, the cult of Chiaffredo was linked with that of the Theban Legion to lend antiquity to a local saint about whom nothing was really known.
In 1902, a scholar identified Chiaffredo as the 8th century figure Theofredus (Chaffre, Theofrid, Teofredo), abbot of Le Monastier near Puy-en-Velay, who was killed by Muslim raiders and was also venerated in Piedmont.
Tornabuoni, bishop of Saluzzo, declared Chiaffredo patron of his diocese during a synod of 1516, with Constantius (San Costanzo) as co-patron. Chiaffredo's relics were translated to Revello in 1593, and thence to the cathedral of Saluzzo in 1642. Constantius and Chiaffredo are depicted together in the altar of Saluzzo Cathedral.
Chiaffredo enjoyed veneration in Piedmont; one English scholar has written that “beneath the shadow of Monte Viso, San Chiaffredo, a runaway apostle of the Theban legion, has usurped the worship paid in old time to the river-god Eridanus..."
Due to his alleged Theban origins, he is venerated by the Coptic Church. He is however, not mentioned explicitly in the Roman Martyrology, although this martyrology includes Maurice and the Theban Legion as a whole, without naming Chiaffredo specifically.
# Energocom

Energocom is a state-owned company that is Moldova's central electricity supplier. It has had this status since 25 March 2018, when a government decision from 1 November 2017 came into force. As of 2020, the Moldovan government held 100% of the company's shares. Energocom was created by a government decision on 30 December 2004. The company's main purpose is the supply of electricity, its import and export and the carrying out of electricity exchanges with external interconnection partners for the internal electricity balancing market, in order to avoid production–consumption imbalances. Energocom also supplies gas.
Since December 2022, the entire gas demand of government-held Moldova (all of the country except Transnistria) has been met with gas transmitted by Energocom, ending gas supplies from Russia to the country. As its revenues in 2023 were around 890 million euros, Energocom entered, for the first time, the top 100 largest companies in southeastern Europe, in last place; the ranking included at the time companies from Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, North Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia and Slovenia.
# Ramón Rivera

Ramón Rivera (born 14 December 1959) is a Puerto Rican former cyclist. He competed in the individual road race event at the 1984 Summer Olympics.
# Heather Hunt

Heather Hunt (born 16 October 1973) is a Canadian rugby union player. She represents Canada and was a member of the squad to the 1998 Women's Rugby World Cup. Hunt was known as a strong runner who created gaps and had a devastating straight arm.
Selected to the national squad in 1995. Her first cap was at the test match against France on 11 September 1996 at the Canada Cup in Edmonton. She played for the Toronto Scottish for nine years. Hunt also refereed for rugby and lives in Toronto with her partner, Mingo.