OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gauntlet

Gauntlet or the gauntlet may refer to:

## Common uses

* Gauntlet (glove), protective gloves used as a form of armor
* Running the gauntlet, a form of physical punishment

## Arts, entertainment, and media
### Fictional characters

* Gauntlet (comics), a Marvel Comics superhero
* Gauntlet (Inhuman), a Marvel Comics supervillain

### Games

* Gauntlet (1985 video game), a 1985 four-player arcade game with many followups:
** Gauntlet II, a 1986 arcade sequel
** Gauntlet: The Third Encounter, a 1990 game for the Atari Lynx
** Gauntlet III: The Final Quest, a 1991 home computer game
** Gauntlet IV, a 1994 video game for the Sega Genesis
** Gauntlet Legends, a 1998 arcade game
** Gauntlet Dark Legacy, a 2000 arcade game
** Gauntlet: Seven Sorrows, a 2005 video game
** Gauntlet (2014 video game), developed by Arrowhead Game studios
** Gauntlet (Nintendo DS), an unreleased remake of the first game
* Gauntlet (Donald R. Lebeau video game), a 1984 shoot 'em up game for the Atari 8-bit family
* Gauntlet (Micro Power video game), a 1984 Defender clone
* The Gauntlet (module), an adventure module for Dungeons & Dragons
* The Gauntlet (tabletop games producer), a publisher/producer of tabletop role-playing games and podcasts

### Television
#### Series

* Real World/Road Rules Challenge: The Gauntlet (2003–2004), an MTV reality television game show series
* Real World/Road Rules Challenge: The Gauntlet II (2005–2006), an MTV reality television game show series
* Real World/Road Rules Challenge: The Gauntlet III (2008), an MTV reality television game show series

#### Episodes

* "Gauntlet" (Stargate Universe), an episode of Stargate Universe
* "The Gauntlet" (Supergirl), an episode of Supergirl
* "The Gauntlet", an episode of Ben 10: Alien Force
* "The Gauntlet", an episode of MacGyver
* "The Gauntlet", the name given to the twelfth season of Mystery Science Theater 3000

### Other uses in arts, entertainment, and media

* Gauntlet (newspaper), published by students at the University of Calgary
* "The Gauntlet" (comics), a Spider-Man storyline
* The Gauntlet (film), a 1977 film starring Clint Eastwood and Sondra Locke
* The Gauntlet (novel), a 1951 children's book written by Ronald Welch
* Iron Man: The Gauntlet, a 2016 children's book written by Eoin Colfer
* RVR-01 "Gauntlet", a fighter craft in the game Thunder Force V

## Sports

* Gauntlet for the Gold, a professional wrestling match type exclusive to TNA Wrestling
* Gauntlet match, a professional wrestling match type

## Other uses

* Gauntlet (body piercing studio), a former California-based company, closed in 1998
* Gauntlet track, a type of railroad track
* Gloster Gauntlet, a British biplane
* SA-15 "Gauntlet", a Soviet surface-to-air missile
# Country for Old Men

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| All About Jazz | |
| The Guardian | |
| PopMatters | 7/10 |
| Tom Hull | B+ |
Country for Old Men is an album by American jazz guitarist John Scofield. It earned Scofield a Grammy Award for Best Jazz Instrumental Album. It features longtime Scofield collaborators Larry Goldings on piano & organ, bass guitarist Steve Swallow and drummer Bill Stewart. Impulse! released the album on September 23, 2016.

## Background

The album features jazz versions of country music songs. The title was borrowed from the poem by WB Yeats, "Sailing to Byzantium"; the line was used as the title of the novel No Country for Old Men (2005) by Cormac McCarthy which was adapted into a 2007 film; this is also a joke about Scofield's age (he was 64 when the album was recorded; his longtime bassist Steve Swallow was 76). The album was recorded on April 3 and 4, 2016 in the Carriage House Studios in Stamford, Connecticut.

## Reception

Evan Haga of JazzTimes stated, "John Scofield’s latest project, a set of C&W standards, is full of surprises even if its concept might seem overdue for the guitarist, whose abiding love of American roots music is no secret. Rather than bend toward the idiom he’s exploring, as he did on the fruitful gospel exercise Piety Street, from 2009, here Scofield often pulls his chosen country classics into small-group postbop." John Kelman of All About Jazz wrote, "The music is always what matters most, of course; but when it's possible to marry stellar playing with superb sound, the result is something as glorious for the ears as it is the head, the heart and the soul...all of which Country for Old Men possesses, in spades. And, beyond the lyrical, country-tinged ballads and fiery swingers, Country for Old Men saves its biggest surprises for its final minutes..." John Fordham of The Guardian added, "Occasionally there’s a disconnect between the convivial lilt of some of these tunes and the jazz grooves, but Scofield at full jazz-improv pelt is always something to behold."

## Personnel

* John Scofield – guitars, ukulele (12)
* Larry Goldings – acoustic piano (1, 5, 6), Hammond organ (2-4, 7-11)
* Steve Swallow – bass guitar
* Bill Stewart – drums

### Production

* Farida Bachir – executive director, art direction
* John Scofield – producer
* Jay Newland – recording, mixing
* Mikhail Pivovarov – assistant engineer
* Mark Wilder – mastering at Battery Studios (New York, NY)
* Brian Bacchus – A&R
* Susan Scofield – art direction
* Françoise Bergmann – design
* Nicholas Suttle – cover and liner photography
* John Abbott – additional liner photography
* Phil Madeira – liner notes
# Demokrat Leonov

Demokrat Vladimirovich Leonov (Russian: Демократ Владимирович Леонов; 1 April 1926 – 15 March 1969) was a Soviet Border Troops colonel and a Hero of the Soviet Union, who was killed in action during the 1969 Sino-Soviet border conflict.

## Biography

Leonov was born on 1 April 1926 in Baku. His father served as a Border Guard.
After finishing 9th grade of school in 1943, Leonov began serving as a member of the Soviet Border Troops, when Second World War was ongoing. He did not see any front line combat during the war. In 1947, he joined the Communist Party of Soviet Union and graduated from the Military Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in 1954. Upon graduation, he was assigned to the South Caucasus region, and four years later he became chief of staff of the border detachment at the Transcaucasian Military District.
In 1968, Leonov was transferred to the city of Iman in Primorsky Krai, where he received the administrative position of chief of the 57th Border Detachment.
In March 1969, hostilities between China and Soviet Union erupted at the vicinity of Damansky Island on the Ussuri (Wusuli) River, near Manchuria. On 15 March Leonov led a group of three T-62 tanks of the 135th Motorized Rifle Division to provide support to an army unit against the People's Liberation Army units. However, his tank was disabled by PLA grenade launcher, injuring him. Leonov left his disabled tank, but was killed after he was shot directly in the heart by a Chinese sniper. The conflict ended on 11 September 1969 with a ceasefire and a return to the status quo.
Leonov was buried with military honors at a memorial in the city of Iman (currently known as Dalnerechensk), where frontier-guards who died during the Sino-Soviet border conflict on Damansky Island are buried.

## Awards and honors

* Hero of the Soviet Union (By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of 21 March 1969, posthumously)
* Order of Lenin (21 March 1969, posthumously)
* Medal "For Battle Merit"
* Medal "For Distinction in Guarding the State Border of the USSR"
* Medal "For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945" (1945)
* Jubilee Medal "Twenty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945" (1965)
* Jubilee Medal "30 Years of the Soviet Army and Navy" (1948)
* Jubilee Medal "40 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR" (1958)
* Jubilee Medal "50 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR" (1968)
* Medal "For Impeccable Service", 1st class
* Medal "For Impeccable Service", 2nd class
* Honorary State Security Officer
A street in Vladivostok is named after Leonov. A factory ship based at Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky was also named in honor of him. A secondary school in the city of Magadan bore the name of Leonov, and a memorial plaque in honor of him was installed at a secondary school in the city of Arkhangelsk.
# Sinaloa River

The Sinaloa River is a river of Mexico. It runs across the state of Sinaloa from northeast to southwest, beginning in the Sierra Madre Occidental and emptying into the Gulf of California. Its flow is interrupted mostly by the Bacurato Dam, which created Lake Baccarac in 1978. Below the dam, the flow of the river is largely diverted by an irrigation canal near the town of Sinaloa de Leyva.
# Jean Jacoby

Jean Lucien Nicolas Jacoby (March 26, 1891 – September 9, 1936) was a Luxembourgish artist. He won Olympic gold medals in the Olympic art competitions of 1924 and 1928, making him the most successful Olympic artist ever.

## Life

After spending his youth in Molsheim in Alsace, Jean Jacoby studied art at the École des Beaux-Arts in Strasbourg. He was then a teacher of drawing from 1912 to 1918 at the Lewin-Funcke school in Berlin, then worked in Wiesbaden, before taking over the art department of a printing firm in Strasbourg.
He became internationally known when in 1923 he won the French Concours de l'Auto with his drawing Hurdle runner, beating 4,000 other entrants. Jacoby often depicted sports in his works, also designing Luxembourg postage stamps for the 1952 Summer Olympics. He himself was featured on a Luxembourg postage stamp in 2016.
From 1926 to 1934 he worked as an illustrator and artistic director for two newspapers of the Ullstein-Verlag, the Berliner Illustrierte and the Grüne Post. He also founded a radio programme guide for all of Germany, called Sieben Tage.
In 1934 he moved to Mulhouse, where he died in 1936 of a heart attack. His second wife was Maria née Kasteleiner.
# John H. Watson (Vermont judge)

John H. Watson (May 12, 1851 – December 7, 1929) was a Vermont attorney and judge. He served as an associate justice of the Vermont Supreme Court from 1899 to 1917, and chief justice from 1917 to 1929.

## Biography

John Henry Watson was born in Jamaica, Vermont on May 12, 1851, the son of Asahel W. Watson and Adelphia (Jackson) Watson. He was raised and educated in Bradford, Vermont, and attended several academies, including the Vermont Methodist Seminary in Montpelier. He studied law in the office of attorney Orin Gambell of Bradford, attained admission to the bar in 1877, and practiced in Bradford.

## Start of career

In addition to practicing law, Watson became active in the Vermont National Guard; after initially serving as a lieutenant, in 1882 he was elected commander of a company called the Bradford Guards and promoted to captain. When the Bradford area's 1883 Ely Copper Mine strike turned violent, Watson's company was employed to restore order, and was credited with ending the fighting by capturing the rioters' gunpowder and weapons. He was later promoted to major as commander of 1st Battalion, 1st Vermont Infantry Regiment, and in 1895 he received promotion to lieutenant colonel. In 1898, Watson was elected to serve as commander of the 1st Vermont Infantry Regiment with the rank of colonel, but declined the position, which closed his military career.
A Republican, Watson served as State's Attorney of Orange County from 1886 to 1888, and was a member of the Vermont Senate from 1892 to 1894. He was a member of the board of directors of the Bradford Savings Bank and Trust Company, and a member of the Bradford Academy Board of Trustees.

## Career as a judge

In 1899, Jonathan Ross resigned as chief justice of the Vermont Supreme Court in order to accept appointment as a United States Senator. Associate Justice Russell S. Taft was promoted to chief justice, and Watson was appointed as an associate justice to fill the vacancy created by Taft's advancement. Watson served as an associate justice until 1917, when he succeeded Loveland Munson as chief justice, and was succeeded as an associate justice by Willard W. Miles. He served as chief justice until his death, and was succeeded by George M. Powers.

## Death and burial

Watson became a resident of Montpelier after joining the Supreme Court. He died at his Montpelier home on December 7, 1929, and was buried at Green Mount Cemetery in Montpelier.

## Family

In 1879, Watson married Clara Laurette Hammond a schoolteacher of Wardsboro, Vermont who graduated from the Vermont Normal School in Randolph and taught school before their wedding. They were the parents of two sons, John H. Watson Jr. (1883-1962), and Hugh Hammond Watson (1885-1947).
John H. Watson Jr. was a prominent attorney in Cleveland, Ohio. Hugh W. Watson was a career diplomat with the U.S. State Department whose postings included vice consul, deputy consul, and consul postings in: Three Rivers, Quebec; Yarmouth, Nova Scotia; Belfast, Ireland; Liverpool, England; Lyon, France; and Glasgow, Scotland.
# Henryk Średnicki

Henryk Średnicki (17 January 1955, Siemianowice Śląskie, Poland – 10 April 2016, Piotrków Trybunalski, Poland) was a Polish amateur boxer who represented his native country twice at the Summer Olympics, starting in 1976.
Średnicki was best known for winning the world title at the second World Amateur Boxing Championships in 1978, beating Cuba's Héctor Ramírez in the final.

## Biography
### Sports career

He was one of the most outstanding boxers in the second half of the 1970s. As the only Pole so far, he has won a gold medal at the world championships. He did it in 1978, during the II World Championships in Belgrade in flyweight, after winning four fights. He also competed in the 1st Havana Championship in 1974 in paper weighting, but without success.
He was twice the champion of Europe. At his first European championship, in Katowice in 1975, he was eliminated in the quarter-finals in paper weighting, in two more: in Halle in 1977 in paper weighting and in Cologne in 1979, he won gold medals in flyweight.
He has competed in the Olympic Games twice. In Montreal in 1976 he fought in paper weight, but was eliminated in the qualifying round. He reached the flyweight quarter-finals in Moscow in 1980.
Srednicki was the Polish champion six times: in paper scales in 1974, 1975 and 1976, in flyweights in 1978 and 1979 and in bantamweight in 1982. In 1977 he was runner-up in flyweight.
He won the Tournament three times. Feliks Stamm, in 1977 and 1978 in flyweights, and in 1982 in bantamweight.
He fought for GKS Katowice, GKS Tychy, GKS Jastrzębie and Górnik Sosnowiec. He was a fighter who preferred constant attack, showering his opponent with blows. After ending his career, he became a coach, he led boxing school in Myszków. His pupil was the leading Polish boxer Łukasz Maszczyk.
# Beipu uprising

The Beipu Incident (Chinese: 北埔事件), or the Beipu Uprising, in 1907 was the first instance of an armed local uprising against the Japanese rule of the island of Taiwan. In response to oppression of the local population by the Japanese authorities, a group of insurgents from the Hakka subgroup of Han Chinese and Saisiyat indigenous group in Hoppo, Shinchiku Chō (modern-day Beipu, Hsinchu County), attacked Japanese officials and their families. In retaliation, Japanese military and police killed more than 100 Hakka people. The local uprising was the first of its kind in Taiwan under Japanese rule, and led to others over the following years.

## Background

Following the signing of the Treaty of Shimonoseki in 1895 between the Empire of Japan and Qing Empire of China, Taiwan was ceded to Japan in perpetuity, along with the Penghu Islands. The Japanese rule saw Taiwan take large strides towards modernization, as they oversaw improvements to the island's infrastructure, economy, and health and education systems. Despite this, much of the population still suffered hardships, and there were regular partisan disturbances against Japanese installations. These guerrilla raids often resulted in Japanese reprisals which tended to be more brutal than the initial attack, such as the 1896 ‘Yun-lin massacre', which resulted in 6,000 Taiwanese deaths. Although the situation improved under Goto Shinpei, these disturbances still continued under Sakuma Samata, who succeeded Goto in 1905.
As part of the push for modernisation under Japanese rule, Beipu prospered due to its nearby coal mines. The town of Beipu was predominantly made up of members of the Hakka subgroup of Han Chinese, while people of the Saisiyat indigenous ethnic group also lived in the area. As Taiwanese aborigines, rather than Han Chinese, these groups were viewed as barbarians and were particularly likely to face oppression from Japanese rule, especially under Sakuma Samata's term as governor-general.

## Incident

In response to what was perceived as Japanese oppression, Tsai Ching-lin (蔡清琳) organised a group of insurgents in November 1907. The group, consisting mainly of Hakka with the support of the local Saisiyat aboriginal tribes, seized a collection of weapons in Beipu Township on 14 November. The following day, the insurgents killed 57 Japanese officers and their family members. As retribution, Japanese authorities killed more than 100 Hakka over the following days, the majority of whom were young males from Neitaping (內大坪), a small village in the area.

## Significance

The Beipu Incident was the first incident of its kind against the Japanese rule in Taiwan. Although other disturbances had occurred since the takeover in 1895, this was the first of a series of local uprisings which flared up quickly, and marked a new phase in armed Taiwanese resistance. Following Beipu, other similar uprisings such as the Tapani incident in 1915 and the Wushe Incident in 1930 occurred, the latter of which ultimately led to a change in approach to Japanese dealings with the aboriginal tribes of Taiwan.
# C/2013 R1 (Lovejoy)

C/2013 R1 (Lovejoy) is a long-period comet discovered on 7 September 2013 by Terry Lovejoy using a 0.2-meter (8 in) Schmidt–Cassegrain telescope. It is the fourth comet discovered by Terry Lovejoy. C/2013 R1 crossed the celestial equator on 14 October 2013, becoming a better Northern Hemisphere object.

## History

By 1 November 2013, the comet was visible to the naked eye near the Beehive Cluster (M44), about halfway between Jupiter and Regulus. It became more impressive than comet ISON. In binoculars, the comet has the appearance of a green, unresolved globular cluster.
C/2013 R1 made its closest approach to Earth on 19 November 2013 at a distance of 0.3967 AU (59,350,000 km; 36,880,000 mi), and reached an apparent magnitude of about 4.5. On 27 November 2013 the comet was in the constellation of Canes Venatici, near the bottom of the handle of the Big Dipper. From 28 November until 4 December 2013, the comet was in the constellation Boötes. On 1 December 2013 it passed the star Beta Boötis. From 4 December until 12 December 2013, the comet was in the constellation Corona Borealis.
From 12 December until 14 January 2014, the comet was in the constellation Hercules. On 14 December 2013, it passed the star Zeta Herculis. The comet came to perihelion (closest approach to the Sun) on 22 December 2013 at a distance of 0.81 AU (121,000,000 km; 75,000,000 mi) from the Sun. At perihelion, the comet had an elongation of 51 degrees from the Sun. By September 2014, the comet had faded to magnitude 18.
# Dennis Nineham

Dennis Eric Nineham (27 September 1921 – 9 May 2016) was a British theologian and academic, who served as Warden of Keble College, Oxford, from 1969 to 1979, as well as holding chairs in theology at the universities of London, Cambridge, and Bristol.

## Early life and education

Nineham was born in Southampton on 27 September 1921. He was educated at King Edward VI School, then a grammar school. He studied Literae Humaniores (classics) and theology at The Queen's College, Oxford. He graduated from the University of Oxford with a first class honours Bachelor of Arts degree in 1943. He then entered Lincoln Theological College, an Anglican theological college, to undertake a year's training in preparation for the ordained ministry of the Church of England.

## Career
### Ordained ministry

Nineham was ordained in the Church of England as a deacon in 1944 and as a priest in 1945. He then served as Assistant Chaplain at Queen's College, Oxford. In 1946, he was elected a fellow and appointed as the College Chaplain.
During his time at the University of Bristol, Nineham was an honorary canon of Bristol Cathedral.

### Academic career

He was appointed professor of Biblical and historical theology at King's College London in 1954, becoming professor of divinity at the University of London in 1958. In 1964, he was appointed Regius Professor of Divinity at the University of Cambridge, a post held in conjunction with a fellowship at Emmanuel College. He returned to Oxford in 1969, as warden of Keble College, a post that he held until 1979; he was appointed to an honorary fellowship of Keble in the following year, and to an honorary fellowship of Queen's in 1991. Between 1980 and 1986, he was professor of theology and head of the theology department at the University of Bristol; he was also an honorary canon of Bristol Cathedral for this period.
His publications include The Study of Divinity (1960), The Gospel of Saint Mark (1963), The Use and Abuse of the Bible (1976) and Christianity Mediaeval and Modern (1993). He edited various theological works, contributed to others, including The Myth of God Incarnate (1977), and made a number of television appearances, including as part of the controversial Channel 4 series, Jesus: The Evidence in 1984.

## Family

Nineham married Ruth Corfield Miller in 1946. They had four children, including Chris Nineham, who went on to become a political activist and deputy leader of the Stop The War Coalition.
Nineham died from complications of heart disease at a care home in Shipton-under-Wychwood, Oxfordshire, on 9 May 2016, at the age of 94, six weeks after his wife's death.
# Dieter Kottysch

Dieter Kottysch (30 June 1943 – 9 April 2017) was a German amateur middleweight boxer; he competed for West Germany in the 1968 and 1972 Olympics and won a gold medal in 1972.

## 1968 Olympic results

Below are the results of Dieter Kottysch, a West German welterweight boxer who competed at the 1968 Mexico City Olympic tournament:
* Round of 64: defeated Mauri Saarivainio (Finland) referee stopped contest
* Round of 32: lost to Vladimir Musalimov (Soviet Union) by decision, 0-5

## 1972 Olympic results

Below are the results of Dieter Kottysch who competed as a light middleweight boxer for West Germany at the 1972 Olympic tournament in Munich:
* Round of 64: bye
* Round of 32: defeated Bonifaciio Avila (Colombia) with a second-round technical knockout
* Round of 16: defeated Evengelos Oikonomakos (Greece) on points, 5-0
* Quarterfinal: defeated Mohamed Majeri (Tunisia) on points, 5-0
* Semifinal: defeated Alan Minter (Great Britain) on points, 3-2
* Final: defeated Wieslaw Rudkowski (Poland) on points, 3-2 (won gold medal)