OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# David Brakke

David Bernhard Brakke (born 1961) is an American New Testament scholar and historian of Christianity. He is Professor and Engle Chair in the History of Christianity at the Ohio State University. His work focuses on the first five centuries of Christianity, with particular focus on Christian asceticism, monasticism, Gnosticism, and the development of Christianity in Egypt, including several works on the Church Father Athanasius of Alexandria.

## Career

Brakke He received a B.A. in English from the University of Virginia in 1983, a Master of Divinity from Harvard University in 1986, and a Ph.D. in religious studies from Yale University in 1992. He was a visiting assistant professor at Concordia College from 1992 to 1993, and joined the faculty at Indiana University, Bloomington in 1993, where he was awarded a Mellon Fellow in the Humanities and recognized as Indiana University Outstanding Junior Faculty. He remained at Indiana for the next nineteen years before moving to OSU.
He is the author of many academic books, many of which have been very well received in the academic community. His The Gnostics: Myth, Ritual, and Diversity in Early Christianity (Harvard University Press, 2010) argues that the contested categories of "Gnosticism," "orthodoxy," and "heresy" in the era before Constantine the Great should be approached through a social and cultural lens. It was named a Choice Outstanding Academic Title for 2011.
Brakke has been awarded numerous fellowships, including an American Council of Learned Societies (ACLS) Junior Fellowship (1999-2000), the Alexander von Humboldt Research Fellowship (2002-2003), several National Endowment for the Humanities grants (1999-2000 and 2007-2010), a Luce and Huford Family Fellowship (2022-2023), and a John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Fellowship (2022). In 2023, he was in residence at the National Humanities Center.
Brakke was the editor of the Journal of Early Christian Studies from 2005 to 2015.
On February 15-17, 2023, a conference on "New Approaches to Asceticism in Late Antiquity" was held in his honor at Louisiana State University (LSU), cosponsored by LSU and University of Michigan faculty and attended by over two dozen colleagues.

## Personal life

Brakke was born on May 10, 1961, in Long Beach, California.
# Procedural due process

Procedural due process is a legal doctrine in the United States that requires government officials to follow fair procedures before depriving a person of life, liberty, or property.$^{:657}$ When the government seeks to deprive a person of one of those interests, procedural due process requires at least for the government to afford the person notice, an opportunity to be heard, and a decision made by a neutral decisionmaker. Procedural due process is required by the Due Process Clauses of the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution.$^{:617}$
The article "Some Kind of Hearing" written by Judge Henry Friendly created a list of basic due process rights "that remains highly influential, as to both content and relative priority." The rights, which apply equally to civil due process and criminal due process, are the following:
* An unbiased tribunal.
* Notice of the proposed action and the grounds asserted for it.
* The opportunity to present reasons for the proposed action not to be taken.
* The right to present evidence, including the right to call witnesses.
* The right to know the opposing evidence.
* The right to cross-examine adverse witnesses.
* A decision based only on the evidence presented.
* Opportunity to be represented by counsel.
* A requirement that the tribunal prepare a record of the evidence presented.
* A requirement that the tribunal prepare written findings of fact and the reasons for its decision.
Not all the above rights are guaranteed in every instance when the government seeks to deprive a person life, liberty, or property. At minimum, a person is due only notice, an opportunity to be heard, and a decision by a neutral decisionmaker. Courts use various tests to determine whether a person should also be guaranteed any of the other above procedural rights.
# Michael Gershman (director)

Michael Edward Gershman (June 17, 1944 – March 10, 2018) was an American cinematographer and television director.
He was born on June 17, 1944, to Edward Gershman, a TV producer and his wife, Norine. He was raised in St. Louis. Soon after graduation from Ladue Horton Watkins High School, Gershman moved to Los Angeles.
He is best known for his work on the series Buffy the Vampire Slayer. Gershman made his directorial debut in the series with the episode "Passion". He was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award in 2000 for "Outstanding Cinematography for a Single Camera Series" for his work on the episode "Hush". He also served as a director and cinematographer for the series Crossing Jordan.
Gershman spent more than forty years working as a cinematographer and camera operator in motion pictures. Among the films he worked on are Days of Heaven, The Deer Hunter, Heaven's Gate, Midnight Run and We Were Soldiers. He died in Malibu, California at the age of 73, on March 10, 2018.
# Lycaena hyllus

Lycaena hyllus, the bronze copper, is a butterfly of the lycaenids family found in North America.

## Description

The upperside has a brown background with golden zig-zag borders along the margins of the hindwings. Females have lighter areas in the forewings with several dark spots within the lighter areas. The undersides are primarily white with dark spots and underlying orange areas. The wingspan is 23 to 38 mm.

## Range

It is widespread from Alberta to northern Nevada in the west through to the east coasts of Canada and the United States. This butterfly's range is similar to that of the Lycaena heteronea, especially in Alberta. It is listed as a species of special concern in the US state of Connecticut.

## Host plants

Their hosts are plants of the family Polygonaceae, especially Water dock and curled dock.

## Adult plants

Adults have been observed feeding from blackberry and red clover.
# Susie the Little Blue Coupe

Susie the Little Blue Coupe is an animated short film produced by Walt Disney Productions and originally released by RKO Radio Pictures on June 6, 1952. The eight-minute film was directed by Clyde Geronimi and based on an original short-story by Bill Peet. The story was adapted for the screen by Peet and Don DaGradi.

## Plot

Susie is a small blue coupe on display in a dealer showroom. She eventually is bought by a well-to-do man who is instantly smitten with her. Thrust into high society, she finds herself surrounded by much larger, faster and more luxurious cars, but eventually makes do. Her owner treats the car well but neglects to maintain her, and after years of wear and tear, the car stops running properly; the man, informed by his mechanic that Susie will need a massive overhaul, abandons her for a new vehicle. At a used car lot, Susie is purchased again, but the new owner, a cigar-smoking drunk who lives in a seedier part of town, does not treat the car with the same fondness as the first owner and leaves her on the curbside at night.
One night, the coupe is stolen, chased by the police and crashed; presumed "dead", she is sent to a junkyard. Susie is sad and broken down, but she shows stirrings of life, even in her wrecked state. A young man notices and buys her at a bargain price. With the help of his friends, the young man completely restores and revives Susie as a brand new hot rod. An overjoyed and like-new Susie rides off.

## Home media

The DVD release of The Love Bug featured this short as a special feature. The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad DVD also features the short as a bonus episode on the DVD's trivia section.
It also appeared on the It's A Small World of Fun Vol. 2 DVD.

## Legacy

Susie made cameo appearances in the House of Mouse episode, "Max's New Car" and in the 2023 animated short film Once Upon a Studio.
The film's method of anthropomorphizing the cars, using the windshield for the eyes and eyelids, served as a stylistic inspiration for the Disney-Pixar Cars franchise.

## Copyright status

While the animated film's copyright was not renewed, the music within it was. Effectively, this means that the film's images are public domain, but the short in full will not enter the public domain until 2048 under current United States copyright law.
# Wanderley (footballer, born 1938)

Wanderley Machado da Silva (3 June 1938 – 5 March 2020), known simply as Wanderley, was a Brazilian footballer who played as a forward.
He all but spent his professional career in Spain, with Levante, Málaga and Hércules.
Wanderley was part of Brazil's 1960 Summer Olympics team.

## Club career

Born in Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Wanderley began his career at CR Vasco da Gama. Profiting from his brother's signature with Valencia CF he also moved to Europe, but after being shown the door by the latter club, joined neighbouring Elche CF.
In 1962, Wanderley signed for Levante UD also in the Valencian Community, being only registered on 1 January 1963. He enjoyed a prolific first season, scoring 12 goals in only 16 matches and helping to their first-ever promotion to La Liga.
Wanderley made his debut in the Spanish top division on 15 September 1963, in a 4–4 away draw against RCD Español. He scored his first goal in the competition on the 28th, but in a 5–3 loss at Valencia.
Wanderley was an ever-present figure for the Granotes in the following campaigns, scoring a hat-trick in the 4–2 home victory over Atlético Ceuta on 15 January 1967. He left in that summer, and subsequently represented CD Málaga and Hércules CF, retiring in 1972 aged 34.

## International career

Wanderley appeared with the Brazil under-23 team at the 1960 Summer Olympics, appearing in all the matches and scoring in a 4–3 win against Great Britain. The nation was eliminated in the group stage by hosts Italy.

## Personal life and death

Wanderley's older brother, Waldo, was also a footballer and a forward. He spent most of his career with Fluminense FC and Valencia, and the pair were teammates at Hércules.
Wanderley settled in the Valencian municipality of Massanassa after retiring. On 5 March 2020, he died due to Alzheimer's disease at the age of 81.
# Theodore T. Ellis

Theodore Thaddeus Ellis (April 25, 1867 – January 6, 1934) was an American inventor and publisher.
He was born in St. Louis to John and Mary Bentley Ellis. He began working in the newspaper industry in his teens as a press room apprentice, becoming a pressman in 1886. The next year he enlisted in the Navy, where he stayed for three years, spending most of that time in the Far East. When he returned to the US he worked for the Brockton Enterprise in Massachusetts and the Boston Herald, and in 1900 became press room foreman for The Worcester Telegram.
In 1905 he began working on inventions to improve printing press operations. The publisher of the Telegram, Austin P. Cristy, insisted that he either resign or stop dividing his time between his work and his inventing. Ellis resigned, and made enough money from his inventions to purchase the Worcester Telegram from Cristy in 1919 for $1,000,000.
His inventions included several press blankets, which he founded the New England Fibre Blanket Company to manufacture; they were distributed through the New England Newspaper Supply Company, which he ran. He also became a textile manufacturer, and founded the New England Woolen Fabric Company. He was chairman of the Royal Worcester Corset Company. At one time he served as the president of the New England Daily Newspaper Association.
In about 1912 he married Mary Griffin in Spencer, Massachusetts; they had no children.
In 1920 he acquired The Worcester Evening Gazette from George F. Booth, and combined the two papers into Worcester Telegram-Gazette, selling the combined paper, along with The Sunday Telegram, in 1925 to a group including Booth, for about $2,000,000.
He remained an honorary member of the International Printing Pressmen's Union, despite becoming a publisher, and gave $100,000 in 1928 to the union's widows and orphans fund.
In August 1931, Ellis and Frank Knox jointly bought control of the Chicago Daily News. Knox became the publisher, and Ellis was vice president.
Ellis was an art collector; his collection included the Northbrook Madonna, at that time thought to be by Raphael, painted in about 1505. He bought it from the Earl of Northbrook in 1928. He was a director of the Worcester Art Museum.
In 1928 he bought Knollwood, a large estate near Worcester, now in the National Register of Historic Places.
Ellis kept a herd of prize cattle, and in 1931 one of his Guernsey cows, "Green Meadow Lustre", broke the record for the most milk and butterfat produced in a single year by a cow between three-and-a-half and four years of age.
Ellis died of a heart attack on January 6, 1934, while in London.
# Corps of Gendarmes

Corps of Gendarmes may refer to:
* Grand Duchy of Baden's Gendarmerie Corps
* Cuerpo de Gendarmería de Prisiones, the old title for the Chilean Gendarmerie
* Special Corps of Gendarmes of the Russian Empire
* Corps of Gendarmerie of San Marino
* Corps of Gendarmerie of Vatican City
# Durand de Bredons

Durand de Bredons (died 1071) was a French Benedictine and bishop of Toulouse from about 1058. He was from Bredons in the Auvergne.
He was from about 1048 Abbot of Moissac, a Cluniac reformer there.
# Gigasperma

Gigasperma is an inactive genus of fungi in the order Agaricales with a single species. It was treated either as the only genus in the monotypic family Gigaspermataceae, or part of the wider Cortinariaceae. Gigasperma was circumscribed by Austrian mycologist Egon Horak in 1971.

## Taxonomy

No species remain within this genus since Gigasperma cryptica was reclassified as Thaxterogaster crypticus in 2022.

## Synonyms

* Gigasperma americanum Kropp & L.J. Hutchison, 1996 = Cryptolepiota americana (Kropp & L.J. Hutchison) Kropp & Trappe, 2012
* Gigasperma clelandii (Rodway) E. Horak, 1971 = Horakiella clelandii (Rodway) Castellano & Trappe, 1992
# A Few Best Men

A Few Best Men is a 2011 comedy film written by Dean Craig and directed by Stephan Elliott. The film stars Xavier Samuel as a young groom heading to the Australian Blue Mountains with his three best men for his wedding. A sequel, A Few Less Men, was released in 2017.

## Plot

When David Locking proposes to his girlfriend Mia Ramme a week after they meet in Tuvalu, he rounds up his three best friends to attend his wedding in Australia as best men; however, all hell breaks loose when the three of them accidentally steal drugs, are chased by a mobster, and get the father-in-law's sheep stoned.

## Cast

* Xavier Samuel as David Locking
* Kris Marshall as Tom
* Kevin Bishop as Graham
* Rebel Wilson as Daphne Ramme
* Olivia Newton-John as Barbara Ramme
* Laura Brent as Mia Ramme
* Jonathan Biggins as Jim Ramme
* Tim Draxl as Luke
* Steve Le Marquand as Ray
* Elizabeth Debicki as Maureen
* Phillip Scott as Celebrant Robin Arthur

## Music

Universal Music Australia released A Few Best Man: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack and Remixes on 20 January 2012. The film soundtrack is sung primarily by Olivia Newton-John.

## Release

A Few Best Men premiered at the Mill Valley Film Festival in San Rafael, California on 14 October 2011. The film was released in Australia on 26 January 2012, and in the United Kingdom on 31 August 2012.

### Critical reception

A Few Best Men was met with negative reviews, earning an approval rating of 18% on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 39 reviews, with an average score of 3.6/10.
Fiona Williams of SBS noted that the film was as "funny as a funeral", awarding one star out of five, commenting that "Like a bad wedding reception, A Few Best Men is overlong by at least an hour, and the flimsy plot groans under its own weight."
Despite poor reviews, A Few Best Men was nominated for an AACTA Award for Best Original Music Score.
# P-15 radar

The P-15 "Tropa" (Russian: "Тропа"; English: "trail") or 1RL13 (also referred to by the NATO reporting name "Flat Face A" in the west) is a 2D UHF radar developed and operated by the former Soviet Union.

## Development

In 1952 SRI-244 started development of what become the P-15 early warning radar; by 1955, the radar had passed state trials and was accepted into service with the anti-aircraft troops of the Soviet armed forces. The P-15 was designed to detect aircraft flying at low altitude and came to be associated with the S-125 "Neva" anti-aircraft system (NATO reporting name SA-3 "Goa"), though it was later replaced by the P-15M2 "Squat Eye" radar which mounted a single radar antenna on a 20-30 meter mast to improve coverage.
In 1959, the modernised P-15M "trail" radar passed through the state test program, the modernisation replacing outdated mercury-based electronics. In 1962, another modernisation of the P-15 passed through trials as the P-15N, the radar being developed and produced by the Ulyanovsk Mechanical Plant. The P-15N introduced a more sensitive receiver, which improved the detection range and a new amplifier for the transmitter. Further improvements were made in 1970 when the P-15MN passed trials. The P-15MN included a pulse coherent Doppler filter (moving target indicator) to remove passive clutter (by up to 50 dB), the first such radar in the Soviet Union. Finally by 1974, the modernisation of the P-15 was so extensive that it resulted in a new designation, the P-19 "Danube", also known as the 1RL134. The P-19 is known in the west as the Flat Face B.

## Description

The P-15 is a high mobility radar. With the antenna mounted directly on the single truck (Zil-157) used for transport, the system could be deployed and taken down in no more than 10 minutes. The P-15 uses two open frame elliptical parabolic antenna accomplishing both transmission and reception, each antenna being fed by a single antenna feed. The radar can rapidly shift its frequency to one of four pre-set frequencies to avoid active interference, with passive interference being removed by a coherent doppler filter. Azimuth was determined by mechanical scanning with an associated accompanying PRV-11 (NATO reporting name "Side Net") used to determine elevation. A secondary radar for IFF is generally used in conjunction with the P-15, generally the 1L22 "Parol".

## Operators

* Algeria
* East Germany
* Syria
* Soviet Union – The P-15 was operated by the Soviet Union from 1955. It has since become obsolete, but it was passed down to successor states after the fall of the Soviet Union. It was largely superseded by its successor the P-19.
# Letter to Fanny McCullough

In December 1862, President of the United States Abraham Lincoln sent a brief consoling letter to Fanny McCullough, the daughter of lieutenant colonel William McCullough, following his death in the American Civil War.

## Background

Lincoln had met William McCullough years before when Lincoln was a circuit lawyer in Illinois and McCullough was a Circuit Clerk in McLean County. Lincoln would sometimes stay with the McCullough family when he reached the Bloomington, Illinois area of the circuit. McCullough became an ardent supporter of Lincoln beginning with Lincoln's successful run for Congress in 1846. With the start of the Civil War, McCullough petitioned Lincoln to allow him to enlist despite his health problems and age. McCullough's request was granted, and he was commissioned a lieutenant colonel in the 4th Illinois Cavalry.
After McCullough was killed December 5, 1862 in an engagement near Coffeeville, Mississippi, his daughter Mary Frances ("Fanny") was inconsolable and locked herself in her room. At the request of David Davis, a mutual friend of Lincoln and the McCullough family, Lincoln wrote to Fanny on December 23.

## Text

   Executive Mansion, Washington, December 23, 1862.
   Dear Fanny It is with deep grief that I learn of the death of your kind and brave Father; and, especially, that it is affecting your young heart beyond what is common in such cases. In this sad world of ours, sorrow comes to all; and, to the young, it comes with bitterest agony, because it takes them unawares. The older have learned to ever expect it. I am anxious to afford some alleviation of your present distress. Perfect relief is not possible, except with time. You can not now realize that you will ever feel better. Is not this so? And yet it is a mistake. You are sure to be happy again. To know this, which is certainly true, will make you some less miserable now. I have had experience enough to know what I say; and you need only to believe it, to feel better at once. The memory of your dear Father, instead of an agony, will yet be a sad sweet feeling in your heart, of a purer, and holier sort than you have known before.
   Please present my kind regards to your afflicted mother.
   Your sincere friend, A. Lincoln.
   Miss. Fanny McCullough.
# Battle of Jackson, Tennessee

The Battle of Jackson, also known as the Battle of Salem Cemetery, was fought on December 19, 1862, in Madison County, Tennessee, during the American Civil War.

## Background

The engagement at Jackson occurred during Confederate Brig. Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest's Expedition into West Tennessee, between December 11, 1862, and January 1, 1863. Forrest wished to interrupt the rail supply line to Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant's army, campaigning down the Mississippi Central Railroad. If he could destroy the Mobile & Ohio Railroad running south from Columbus, Kentucky, through Jackson, Tennessee, Grant would have to curtail or halt his operations. Forrest's 2,100-man cavalry brigade crossed the Tennessee River from December 15 to December 17, heading west. Grant ordered a troop concentration at Jackson under Brig. Gen. Jeremiah C. Sullivan and sent a cavalry force out under Col. Robert G. Ingersoll, to confront Forrest. Forrest, however, smashed the Union cavalry at Lexington on December 18.

## Battle

As Forrest continued his advance the next day, Sullivan ordered Col. Adolph Englemann to take a small force northeast of Jackson. At Old Salem Cemetery, acting on the defensive, Englemann's two infantry regiments repulsed a Confederate mounted attack and then withdrew a mile closer to town. To Forrest, the fight amounted to no more than a feint and show of force intended to hold Jackson's Union defenders in place while two mounted columns destroyed railroad track north and south of the town and returned. This accomplished, Forrest withdrew from the Jackson area to attack Trenton and Humboldt. Thus, although the Federals had checked a demonstration by a portion of Forrest's force, a major accomplishment, other Confederates had fulfilled an element of the expedition's mission.

## Rose Hill

Rose Hill is a large home built in 1823. During the Battle Of Jackson, Tennessee it was used as a hospital for both the injured Union and the Confederate soldiers. The house stands to this day and is currently a private residence.

## Battlefield preservation

The American Battlefield Trust and its partners have acquired and preserved 120 acres (49 ha) of the battlefield as of early 2024.