OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Isaac Melson Meekins

Isaac Melson Meekins (February 13, 1875 – November 21, 1946) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of North Carolina.

## Education and career

Born in Tyrrell County, North Carolina, Meekins received an Artium Baccalaureus degree from Wake Forest University in 1896 and entered private practice in Elizabeth City, North Carolina. He was Mayor of Elizabeth City in 1897, and city attorney of Elizabeth City in 1898. He was postmaster of Elizabeth City from 1903 to 1908. He was an Assistant United States Attorney of the Eastern District of North Carolina from 1910 to 1914. He was general counsel for the Alien Property Custodian in Washington, D.C. from 1921 to 1922. He was general counsel and manager for the Enemy Insurance Company in 1922.
In 1924, Meekins was the unsuccessful Republican nominee for Governor of North Carolina.

## Federal judicial service

On January 9, 1925, Meekins was nominated by President Calvin Coolidge to a seat on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of North Carolina vacated by Judge Henry G. Connor. Meekins was confirmed by the United States Senate on January 17, 1925, and received his commission the same day. He assumed senior status on February 13, 1945, serving in that capacity until his death in Elizabeth City on November 21, 1946.
# Lin Kegong

Lin Kegong (Chinese: 林克恭; Wade–Giles: Lin K'e-kung; 1901 – 1992) was a Taiwanese modern artist.

## Biography

Lin was born in Banqiao during the period of Japanese rule in Taiwan, into the Lin Ben Yuan Family. He was first educated in Hong Kong's St Stephen's College. From 1921 to 1925, he attended Cambridge University to study law and economics, where he found that he had an interest in art. He joined the Cambridge Arts Society while simultaneously taking alternative courses in the Cambridge Arts College. During his summer vacation, he attended St John's Service Arts College to further pursue his interest in art. Upon graduating with a Bachelor's degree in 1925, he was admitted to the David Slade Arts College at the University of London. In the same year, his artistic works were accepted to the Royal Academy Exhibition in the U.K.
In 1931, Lin returned to Taiwan to hold his own exhibition. Afterwards, some of his works, including “The Naked Body” and “The Beauty Under the Moon” were selected to be part of the 5th and 6th section of the Taiwan Arts Exhibition. In 1937, he was appointed as the headmaster of the Arts College. In 1949, Lin Kegong returned to Taiwan via Hong Kong. At Liang Dingming's invitation, Lin began his teaching career in the Arts College of Political Warfare School in 1956. In 1973, he became a member of the jury at the São Paulo Art Biennial and in 1991, he received the Achievement Reward in the category of Culture and Arts from the Council for Cultural Affairs.

## Style

Lin considered music to be an important part of creation. A substantial portion of Lin's works were inspired by his careful observation on the nature and his personal understanding of the relationship between nature and personal life. His approach to brushwork bore similarities to Chinese painting, emphasizing the background. Before drawing the whole composition, he typically sketched out the background, which allowed him to complete the structure of the work as a whole.

## Works

Lin Kegong's “The Countryside in the UK” is his earliest extant painting. The piece depicts a river in Bristow, UK and the attic scenery of a European building. Attracted by the light's reflection by the river, Lin Kegong used the perspective line disappearance method to show both the immediate and distant views. He also used the size of the crossing waterway and bridge to convey the actual distances. In this work, the leveling method was applied, as in watercolor painting.
# Octapolis

Octapolis or Oktapolis (Ancient Greek: Ὀκτάπολις) was a city of ancient Caria or Lycia. Per the Stadiasmus Patarensis it included the town of Lyrnai as one of eight constituent settlements implied by the name "8-city". It is noted by Ptolemy.
Its site is located near Kızılkaya, Asiatic Turkey.
# Don John Young

Don John Young (July 13, 1910 – May 10, 1996) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Ohio.

## Education and career

Born in Norwalk, Ohio, Young received an Artium Baccalaureus degree from Case Western Reserve University in 1932 and a Bachelor of Laws from Case Western Reserve University School of Law in 1934. He was in private practice in Norwalk from 1934 to 1952. He was a judge of the Huron County Court of Common Pleas from 1952 to 1953, and of the Probate and Juvenile Court in Huron County from 1953 to 1965.

## Federal judicial service

On April 5, 1965, Young was nominated by President Lyndon B. Johnson to a seat on the United States District Court for the Northern District of Ohio vacated by Judge Frank Le Blond Kloeb. Young was confirmed by the United States Senate on May 21, 1965, and received his commission on May 22, 1965. He assumed senior status on July 1, 1980, serving in that capacity until his death on May 10, 1996, in Sandusky, Ohio.
# Ben Krentzman

Isaac Benjamin Krentzman Jr. (March 21, 1914 – March 29, 1998) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida.

## Education and career

Born in Milton, Florida, Krentzman received a Bachelor of Science degree from University of Florida in 1935. He received a Juris Doctor from Fredric G. Levin College of Law at the University of Florida in 1938. He was in private practice of law in Clearwater, Florida from 1938 to 1941 and 1946 to 1967. He was in the United States Army as a Lieutenant Colonel from 1941 to 1946. He was town attorney of Largo, Florida from 1946 to 1956. He was city attorney of Clearwater from 1949 to 1950 and from 1956 to 1958. He was special counsel for the Florida State Road Department from 1960 to 1963.

## Federal judicial service

Krentzman was nominated by President Lyndon B. Johnson on May 24, 1967, to a seat on the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida vacated by Judge John Milton Bryan Simpson. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on June 12, 1967, and received his commission the same day. He served as Chief Judge from 1981 to 1982. He assumed senior status on November 15, 1982. His service was terminated on March 29, 1998, due to his death in Clearwater.
# Paul X. Williams

Paul Xandros Williams (February 19, 1908 – January 24, 1994) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Arkansas.

## Education and career

Born in Booneville, Arkansas, Williams received a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Arkansas in 1929 and a Bachelor of Laws from the University of Arkansas School of Law in 1930. He was in the United States Navy as a Lieutenant Commander from 1942 to 1946. He was an Assistant United States Attorney of the Western District of Arkansas from 1947 to 1948. He was a Chancellor of the Chancery Court of Arkansas from 1949 to 1967.

## Federal judicial service

Williams was nominated by President Lyndon B. Johnson on May 24, 1967, to a seat on the United States District Court for the Western District of Arkansas vacated by Judge John E. Miller. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on June 12, 1967, and received his commission the same day. He served as Chief Judge from 1973 to 1981. He assumed senior status on October 31, 1981. Williams served in that capacity until his death on January 24, 1994, in Booneville.
# Adolph A. Hoehling Jr.

Adolph August Hoehling Jr. (November 3, 1868 – February 17, 1941) was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia.

## Education and career

Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Hoehling was the son of Annie Tilghman Hoehling (1841–1923) and Adolph A. Hoehling (1839–1920), a rear admiral and doctor in the United States Navy's medical corps. The younger Hoehling attended Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and Lehigh University. He received a Bachelor of Laws from Columbian University School of Law (now George Washington University Law School) in 1889, and a Master of Laws from the same institution in 1890. He was in private practice in Washington, D.C., from 1891 to 1921. He was President of the District of Columbia Bar Association from 1916 to 1917. During World War I he served as a major in the Judge Advocate General's Corps, and was counsel to the District of Columbia draft board.

## Federal judicial service

Hoehling was nominated by President Warren G. Harding on June 6, 1921, to an Associate Justice seat on the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia (now the United States District Court for the District of Columbia) vacated by Associate Justice Ashley Mulgrave Gould. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on June 13, 1921, and received his commission the same day. His service terminated on December 31, 1927, due to his resignation.

### First inauguration of Calvin Coolidge

On August 21, 1923, Hoehling re-administered the Presidential oath of office to Calvin Coolidge. Hoehling kept the second swearing in a secret until confirming Harry M. Daugherty's revelation of it in 1932. When Hoehling confirmed Daugherty's story, he indicated that Daugherty, then serving as United States Attorney General, asked him to administer the oath at the Willard Hotel. According to Hoehling, he did not question Daugherty's reason for requesting a second oath taking, but assumed it was to resolve any doubt about whether the first swearing in was valid, since an oath for a federal office had been administered by Coolidge's father, a Vermont notary public and justice of the peace.

## Later career and death

After his resignation from the federal bench, Hoehling returned to private practice in Washington, D.C. He died in Washington, D.C., on February 17, 1941, and was buried at Arlington National Cemetery, Section West, Site 155B.

## Family

On June 9, 1906, Hoehling married Louise Gilbert Carrington (1882–1968) of New Jersey. They were the parents of three children.
# Fred Clinton Jacobs

Fred Clinton Jacobs (September 13, 1865 – February 21, 1958) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Arizona.

## Education and career

Born in Winchester, Massachusetts, Jacobs attended the University of Chicago. He was in private practice in San Jose, California from 1895 to 1906. He was in private practice in Phoenix, Arizona Territory (State of Arizona from February 14, 1912) from 1906 to 1923.

## Federal judicial service

Jacobs was nominated by President Warren G. Harding on February 28, 1923, to the United States District Court for the District of Arizona, to a new seat created by 42 Stat. 837. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on March 2, 1923, and received his commission the same day. He assumed senior status on May 31, 1936. Jacobs served in that capacity until his death on February 21, 1958.
# Abergele Hospital

Abergele Hospital (Welsh: Ysbyty Abergele) is a community hospital in Abergele, Wales. It is managed by Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board.

## History

The facility was established by Manchester City Council to treat children suffering from tuberculosis in 1910. Originally known as Plas Ucha Sanatorium, expansion took place after a new access bridge was completed in 1925 with a new children's section opening in 1931. It joined the National Health Service in 1948 and was renamed the Abergele Chest Hospital in 1955. It became a community hospital in the 1980s and expanded further when ophthalmology services transferred from the H.M. Stanley Hospital in St Asaph in 2011.

## Services

The hospital services include the Stanley Eye Unit, North Wales Adolescent Service, Orthopaedics, as well as provisions for corporate functions. There are no walk in casualty services on site.
# Spencer Mortimer Williams

Spencer Mortimer Williams (February 24, 1922 – January 3, 2008) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of California.

## Education and career

Born in Reading, Massachusetts, Williams was in the United States Navy as a Lieutenant (JG) during World War II, from 1943 to 1946. He received an Artium Baccalaureus degree from the University of California, Los Angeles in 1943 and a Bachelor of Laws from the UC Berkeley School of Law in 1948. He was in private practice in San Jose, California from 1948 to 1949. He was deputy county counsel of Santa Clara County, California from 1949 to 1950. He was a United States Naval Reserve Lieutenant from 1950 to 1952. He was county counsel for Santa Clara County from 1952 to 1966. He was Secretary of the California State Human Relations Agency from 1967 to 1970. He was in private practice in Sacramento and San Jose, California from 1970 to 1971.

## Federal judicial service

Williams was nominated by President Richard Nixon on June 12, 1971, to the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, to a new seat created by 84 Stat. 294. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on July 29, 1971, and received his commission the same day. He assumed senior status on February 23, 1987. Williams served in that capacity until his death on January 3, 2008, in Carmichael, California.
# Klaus Demmer

Klaus Demmer, MSC (1931-2014) was a Catholic priest and theologian. Born in Münster, Germany, he was a professor who taught moral theology at the Gregorian University in Rome from 1970 to 2003, and was the first non-Jesuit to do so. He was also a co-founder of the International Academy for Marital Spirituality (INTAMS). He was far better known to European theologians than to Americans or the English-speaking world, but two of his books were translated into English: Shaping the Moral Life: An Approach to Moral Theology (trans. Roberto Dell'Oro, ed. James Keenan, Washington, D.C., 2000), a translation of the manuscript Einführung in die Moraltheologie; and Living the Truth: A Theory of Action (trans. Brian McNeil, Washington D.C., 2010).
# Raymond Clyne McNichols

Raymond Clyne McNichols (June 16, 1914 – December 25, 1985) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Idaho.

## Education and career

Born in Bonners Ferry, Idaho, and raised in Lewiston, McNichols served in the United States Navy during World War II, from 1942 to 1947, under Raymond A. Spruance. He attended the University of Idaho in Moscow and received a Bachelor of Laws from its College of Law in 1950. He was in private practice in Orofino in Clearwater County, Idaho from 1950 to 1964. He was a member of the Democratic Party.

## Federal judicial service

On April 15, 1964, McNichols was nominated by President Lyndon B. Johnson to a seat on the United States District Court for the District of Idaho vacated by the retirement of Judge Chase A. Clark. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on April 30 and received his commission on May 1, 1964. McNichols served as Chief Judge from 1971 to 1981, and assumed senior status on July 1, 1981, and served in that capacity for over four years, until his death.

## Family

McNichols' younger brother Robert James McNichols (1922–1992) was also a federal judge, in Spokane, Washington. During Robert's investiture to the federal bench in January 1980, the elder brother swore the younger in.

## Death

McNichols suffered a heart attack at his Boise home on Christmas Day in 1985, and died at age 71 at St. Luke's Regional Medical Center in Boise. He and his wife, Mary Kay Riley McNichols (1914–1991), are buried at Morris Hill Cemetery in Boise. They had two children.
# Bruce Van Sickle

Bruce Marion Van Sickle (February 13, 1917 – April 21, 2007) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of North Dakota.

## Education and career

Born in Minot, North Dakota, Van Sickle received a Bachelor of Science in Law degree from University of Minnesota in 1939. He received a Juris Doctor from University of Minnesota Law School in 1941. He was a United States Marine Corps Captain from 1941 to 1945. He was an adjudicator for the United States Veterans Administration in Seattle, Washington in 1946. He was a Title Attorney of the Bonneville Power Administration in Portland, Oregon from 1946 to 1947. He was in private practice of law in Minot from 1947 to 1971. He was a Member of the North Dakota House of Representatives from 1957 to 1959.

## Federal judicial service

Van Sickle was nominated by President Richard Nixon on December 10, 1971, to a seat on the United States District Court for the District of North Dakota vacated by Judge George Scott Register. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on December 11, 1971, and received his commission on December 15, 1971. He assumed senior status on February 28, 1985, and took inactive senior status on February 1, 2002. His service was terminated on April 21, 2007, due to his death in Bismarck, North Dakota.

## Honor

The federal courthouse in Minot was named in his honor in 2002.
# Kenneth Philip Grubb

Kenneth Philip Grubb (September 14, 1895 – March 11, 1976) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Wisconsin.

## Education and career

Born in Mauston, Wisconsin, Grubb was a United States Army Lieutenant in World War I, and thereafter received a Bachelor of Laws from the University of Wisconsin Law School in 1921. He was in private practice in Milwaukee, Wisconsin from 1921 to 1955.

## Federal judicial service

On May 13, 1955, Grubb was nominated by President Dwight D. Eisenhower to a new seat on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Wisconsin created by 68 Stat. 8. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on June 15, 1955, and received his commission the next day. Grubb served in that capacity until his retirement on October 8, 1965. He died on March 11, 1976.
# Donald West VanArtsdalen

Donald West VanArtsdalen (sometimes listed as Van Artsdalen; October 21, 1919 – May 21, 2019) was a senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania.

## Education and career

Born in Doylestown, Pennsylvania, VanArtsdalen served in the Canadian Army from 1940 to 1942, and as a United States Army sergeant from 1942 to 1945.
He then received a Bachelor of Laws degree from the University of Pennsylvania Law School in 1948, and entered into private practice in Doylestown in 1948, working as a lawyer until 1970. His legal tenure also included a period in which he served as a district attorney for Bucks County, Pennsylvania from 1954 to 1958.

## Federal judicial service

On September 10, 1970, President Richard Nixon nominated VanArtsdalen to a new seat on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania created by 84 Stat. 294. VanArtsdalen was confirmed by the United States Senate on October 8, 1970, and received his commission on October 15, 1970. He assumed senior status on October 21, 1985. He died on May 21, 2019, aged 99, after battling leukemia.
# William Cary Van Fleet

William Cary Van Fleet (March 24, 1852 – September 3, 1923) was an associate justice of the California Supreme Court and a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of California.

## Education and career

Born in Maumee, Ohio, in 1869 Van Fleet came to California. He read law in the offices of H. O. Beatty, and entered the bar in 1873. He was an assistant district attorney of Sacramento County, California from 1878 to 1879. He was a California State Assemblyman from 1881 to 1882, and was the Director of California State Prisons from 1883 to 1884. He was a Judge of the Superior Court of California from 1884 to 1892, and was appointed by Governor Henry Markham an associate justice of the Supreme Court of California, serving from May 7, 1894, to January 3, 1899. In November 1898, he ran on the Republican and United Labor Party ticket for another term but lost the election to Democratic Walter Van Dyke. After stepping down from the court, he practiced in the firm of Mastic, Belcher, Van Fleet & Mastick.

## Federal judicial service

On April 2, 1907, Van Fleet received a recess appointment from President Theodore Roosevelt to a new seat on the United States District Court for the Northern District of California created by 34 Stat. 1253. Formally nominated to the same position by President Roosevelt on December 3, 1907, he was confirmed by the United States Senate on December 17, 1907, and received his commission the same day. Van Fleet served until his death on September 3, 1923, in San Francisco, California.

## Personal

Van Fleet married twice. On April 12, 1877, he married Mary Isabella Carey, who died in Sacramento on February 14, 1878. They had a son, Ransom. After her death, he married Lizzie Eldridge Crocker (sister of Henry and niece of Charles and Edwin of the prominent Crocker family) in San Francisco on January 19, 1887. They had four children, Alan, William, Clark, and Julia.
# James Edward Doyle

James Edward Doyle Sr. (July 6, 1915 – April 1, 1987) was an American lawyer and jurist from Madison, Wisconsin. He served 22 years as a United States district judge for the Western District of Wisconsin, from 1965 until his death in 1987. Earlier in his life, as a former member of the disbanded Wisconsin Progressive Party, he played an important role in reshaping the Democratic Party of Wisconsin in the 1950s, and was the father of Jim Doyle, the 44th governor of Wisconsin.

## Education and career

Born in Oshkosh, Wisconsin, Doyle received an Artium Baccalaureus degree from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1937 where he had been active in campus politics and was president of the Daily Cardinal Board of Control as well as senior class president. He received a Bachelor of Laws from Columbia Law School in 1940. He was an attorney working in the Criminal Division, United States Department of Justice in Washington, D.C. from 1940 to 1941. He was a law clerk for Justice James F. Byrnes of the United States Supreme Court from 1941 to 1942. He was a United States Naval Reserve lieutenant from 1942 to 1945. He was a consultant for the United States Office of War Mobilization and Reconversion, Washington, D.C., in 1945. He was an assistant to the counselor at the United States Department of State in Washington, D.C. from 1945 to 1946. He was an Assistant United States Attorney of Western District of Wisconsin from 1946 to 1948. He was in private practice of law in Madison, Wisconsin from 1948 to 1965. He was an early organizer of the Wisconsin Democratic Party and chairman of the state party from 1951 to 1953. He ran for Governor of Wisconsin in 1954, but lost in the Democratic primary to William Proxmire. He was executive director of the 1960 National Stevenson for President Committee formed to draft Adlai Stevenson as the Democratic nominee in the 1960 Presidential election.

## Federal judicial service

Doyle was nominated by President Lyndon B. Johnson on April 29, 1965, to a seat on the United States District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin vacated by Judge David Rabinovitz. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on May 21, 1965, and received his commission on May 22, 1965. He served as Chief Judge from 1978 to 1980. He assumed senior status on July 7, 1980. Doyle's service was terminated on April 1, 1987, due to his death from cancer at his Madison home.

## Personal life

Doyle was married to Ruth Bachhuber Doyle, who served two terms in the Wisconsin State Assembly. They had four children, including Jim Doyle, who became the 44th governor of Wisconsin.