# Eilat Naval Base

Eilat Naval Base is a major Israeli naval base situated in the Israeli coastal city of Eilat. It was established in 1949 and serves as the sole Israeli Navy Base on the coast of Red Sea.

## Roles

The main task of the base in Eilat is to maintain the security and peace of Eilat. The main activity in the city of Eilat is based on recreation and tourism, which include, among other things, about two hundred vessels moving in a relatively small maritime region.
In the past this area was a meeting area between four conflicting countries: Israel, Egypt, Jordan and Saudi Arabia. However, today all the 4 countries are at peace.
At the base operates the Patrol Squadron 915, which operates the Dvora-class fast patrol boats and Super Dvora Mk III-class patrol boats.
Eilat Naval Shipyard is also under the security from the base.

## History
### Establishment

The base was established in 1949 after the 1948 Arab-Israeli war to serve as a naval base at the point of junction with three hostile states.

### Six Day War

During the Six-Day War, the base played a vital role in the capture and occupation of Sharm El Sheikh. On 7 June, Israel began its attack on Sharm el-Sheikh. The Israeli Navy started the operation with a probe of Egyptian naval defences. An aerial reconnaissance flight found that the area was less defended than originally thought. At about 4:30 am, three Israeli missile boats opened fire on Egyptian shore batteries, while paratroopers and commandos boarded helicopters and Nord Noratlas transport planes for an assault on Al-Tur, as Chief of Staff Yitzhak Rabin was convinced it was too risky to land them directly in Sharm el-Sheikh. However, the city had been largely abandoned the day before, and reports from air and naval forces finally convinced Rabin to divert the aircraft to Sharm el-Sheikh. There, the Israelis engaged in a pitched battle with the Egyptians and took the city, killing 20 Egyptian soldiers and taking eight more prisoners. At 12:15 pm, Defense Minister Moshe Dayan announced that the Straits of Tiran constituted an international waterway open to all ships without restriction. The entire operation was carried out from this base.

### Ammunition truck disaster

On January 24, 1970, at the Eilat base, a truck loaded with ammunition exploded. As a result of the explosion, 24 people were killed, 17 of them on the spot, and seven died of their wounds in the days after the explosion, and dozens were injured.

### Operation Green light

The base was set to co-ordinate the Operation Green Light which was to carry out an amphibious landing on Egyptian Red Sea coast but the operation was aborted mid way.

### Gaesh rescue mission

In 1981, the shipyard repaired the hull of INS Gaesh, after the unwanted beaching on the Saudi Arabian coast. The activity included salvage and refloating from the Saudi coast, towing to the Eilat Naval Base, shipping and repair to an operational condition.

### Evacuation plans

From the late 1990s, discussions began on the evacuation of the naval base in Eilat, in favor of the establishment of tourist projects and the further development of the Eilat beach strip towards the south. However, the realization of the project did not come to fruition for many years. In 1996, the Ministry of Defense and the Navy Headquarters decided to close the Navy shipyard in Eilat. In the area of the shipyard, planning has begun for the establishment of tourist projects. But in May 1997, the Minister of Defense, Yitzhak Mordechai, decided not to close the base.
At the end of 2002, a plan was drafted according to which the Ports Authority will manage a project that includes the expansion of the Eilat port and the relocation of the Eilat base into it. In March 2003, the Israel Defense Forces (IDF), the Ports Authority and the Eilat Municipality agreed that the Navy base would be moved to Eilat Port and the area would be available for development. But the project did not go ahead, due to a dispute over the financing of the plan.

### Operation Full Disclosure

Operation Full Disclosure was a military operation carried out by the IDF on March 5, 2014, in the Red Sea. After days of surveillance far out to sea, Israeli Navy Shayetet 13 commandos seized the Iranian-owned and Panamanian-registered merchant vessel Klos C that had set sail from Iran, heading for Port Sudan via Iraq. On board, the commandos found long-range missiles suspected to be destined for the Gaza Strip concealed in containers full of Iranian bags marked as Portland cement. The operation was carried out from this base.

### Red Sea crisis

The Red Sea crisis began on 17 October 2023. On 27 October 2023 two loitering munitions were fired by Houthi militants in a northerly direction from the southern Red Sea. According to IDF officials, their target was Israel, but they did not cross the border from Egypt. Of the two drones, one fell short and hit a building adjacent to a hospital in Taba, Egypt, injuring six; the other was shot down near an electricity plant close to the town of Nuweiba, Egypt. A Houthi official later made a one-word post on Twitter after the drone crashed in Taba, mentioning Eilat.
On 31 October an alert was triggered in Eilat, Eilot kibbutz and the Shahorit industrial park area regarding the penetration of hostile aircraft from the Red Sea. The aircraft was successfully intercepted over the Red Sea. The Arrow system intercepted a ballistic missile and the Israeli Air Force intercepted several cruise missiles fired from the Red Sea toward Eilat. The Houthis took responsibility for the launches.
On 1 November at 00:45 the IDF intercepted an air threat fired from Yemen and identified south of Eilat. On 9 November, the Houthis fired a missile toward the city of Eilat. On 14 November the Houthis fired numerous missiles, one of which was aimed toward the city of Eilat. The missile was intercepted by an Arrow missile according to Israeli officials. On 22 November, the Houthis fired a cruise missile aimed toward the city of Eilat. Israeli officials said the missile was successfully intercepted.
On 6 December 2023, the Houthi movement launched several ballistic missiles at Israeli military posts in Eilat including this base. By 21 December, the Port of Eilat, which gives Israel via the Red Sea its only easy shipping access to Asia without the need to transit the Suez Canal, had seen an 85% drop in activity due to the Houthi action.
On 2 February 2024, the Houthis claimed that they had fired a ballistic missile towards Eilat. The IDF also said that the Arrow defense system intercepted a missile over the Red Sea.
On 18 March, Yemeni Houthis launched a cruise missile that successfully struck Israel, reportedly hitting an open area north of Eilat. Israel stated there was no damage or injuries caused. On 21 March, IDF also announced on the same day that it intercepted a "suspicious aerial target" approaching Israeli territory over the Red Sea.
On 9 April, the IDF used a seaborne missile from INS Magen to shoot down a unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for the first time. The UAV, which came from the Red Sea, breached Israeli airspace and crossed into the area of the Gulf of Aqaba, setting off sirens in Eilat.
On 3 June, the IDF's Arrow defense system intercepted a surface-to-air missile aimed at Eilat from the direction of the Red Sea.

### IRI attacks

On 3 November 2023 Islamic Resistance in Iraq (IRI) claimed responsibility for a missile attack on Eilat. On 12 November the IRI claimed responsibility for a missile attack on Eilat.
On 31 December the IRI claimed a drone attack on Eilat.
On 28 January 2024 the IRI claimed a drone attack on Eilat.
On 1 April 2024, the IRI claimed responsibility for a drone attack on Eilat. The drone struck the base causing damage to a building and no casualties. Multiple strikes were reported on 9 April, 20 April, 7 May, 20 May, 23 May, and 27 May.

### 2024 Iran-Israel conflict

During the 2024 Iran-Israel conflict, the base was put at high alert and Shayetet 3 ships were stationed there, which neutralized some aerial threats during the April 2024 Iranian strikes on Israel.

## 915th Patrol Squadron

The squadron 915 is divided into two units, the vessel fighters, who make up the bulk of the force, and the fin fighters.

### Vessel fighters

Objectives of vessel fighters are
* Constant patrols in the seas of Israel.
* Identification of watercraft entering Israeli waters.
* Preventing smuggling through the sea
* Protecting national assets, such as drilling rigs.
* Various operations carried out alone, or with other units in and outside of the navy.

### Fin fighters

The objective of Fin fighters is the security of the base.

## Commanders

The commanders of the base' :
| Name | term of office | Remarks |
| Abraham Luxemburg | 1949–1950 | |
| Un­known | 1950–1952 | |
| Yosef Almog | 1952–1955 | |
| Un­known | 1955–1957 | |
| Yehuda Ben-Zur | 1957–1958 | Chinese evaluation |
| Jacob Hamel | 1958 | |
| Arya Barak | 1958–1959 | |
| Jacob Etzion | 1959–1960 | |
| Menachem Cohen | 1960–1962 | |
| Yaakov Ritov | December 1962 – 1964 | |
| Lt. Col. Menashe Lifshitz | 1964–1967 | transferred from his command due to a complaint by the people of Eilat about the transfer of the families of the base staff during the war. |
| Avraham Butzer | during the period of Six Day War | The liberation of Sharm al-Sheikh |
| Yaakov Gilad | August 1967 to August 1968 | |
| Ezra Kedem | 1970–1972 | |
| Solomon beautiful | 1972–1973 | |
| Zvi Paz | 1973–1974 | |
| Ephraim Sela | from the beginning of 1974 to the end of 1975 | Exchange of boats in barterams with beavers, rescuing a tourist on a boat that drifted to Aqaba carried out by a beaver |
| Moshe Oron | September 1981–September 1982 | |
| Ami Sarel | September 1982-May 1985 | |
| Udi Aral | May 1985–August 1988 | |
| Dodu Hayver | August 1988-May 1989 | |
| Yossi Israel | May 1989-July 1991 | |
| Aryeh Gabish | July 1991-July 1992 | |
| Udi Dvir | July 1992-July 1994 | |
| Shloma Cohen | July 1994–June 1996 | |
| Shlomo Frommer | July 1996-June 1998 | |
| Ofer Dubnov | June 1998–October 2001 | |
| Yehuda Siso | October 2001–September 2002 | Seizure of drug boats |
| Yossi Shachaf | September 2002-September 2006 | |
| Lieutenant Colonel Oren Guter | September 2006-August 2007 | |
| Chen Tal | August 2007-August 2008 | |
| David Sa'ar Selma | August 2008–February 2010 | |
| Lt. Col. Zvi Shahar | February 2010-August 2012 | |
| Lieutenant Colonel Ilan Mintz | August 2012 – 2015 | |
| Oren Nahabs | 2015-2017 | |
| Ofir David | 2019-2017 | |
| Tamir Shemesh | 2017- July 2021 | |
| Lt. Col. Shay Khudara | June 2021– | |

## Sources & References

* ↑ Maltz, Judy (January 12, 1989). "Eilat turns to industry to complement tourism trade". The Jerusalem Post. p. 9. Archived from the original on September 28, 2008. Retrieved October 30, 2007.
* ↑ Totten, Michael James (2016). "The New Arab–Israeli Alliance". World Affairs. 179 (2): 28–36. doi:10.1177/0043820016673779. JSTOR 26369507. S2CID 151328992.
* 1 2 Oren (2002), p. 248.
* ↑ "אסון אסון משאית התחמושת חמישים שנה אחרי: נחנכה אנדרטה לזכר 24 הנופלים ב'אסון המשאית' באילת" (in Hebrew). 23 January 2020.
* ↑ "מבצע "ירוק-בהיר" - שלבי נוהל הקרב ודיוני הצוות" (PDF). IDF archive file (in Hebrew). archive number: 1041/1984/540
* ↑ "סא"ל גבי שילה, קצין כיבוי בחוף הסעודי". the Maritime Heritage Guard Navy Association. 24 May 2015.
* ↑ "סא"ל חיים הימן - מחזיר את אחי געש לפעילות משמר מורשת חיל הים". the Navy Association. 17 September 2015.
* ↑ גולן, מאת גדי (23 April 1997). "ראש עיריית אילת ביטל תוכניות לפרוייקטים על שטח מספנת חיל הים". Globes.
* ↑ "שר הביטחון ביטל את התוכנית לסגור המספנה הצבאית באילת". Globes. 13 May 1997.
* ↑ "רשות הנמלים: נממן העתקת בסיס חיל הים באילת". harretz (in Hebrew). Retrieved 3 July 2024.
* ↑ גולן, גדי (20 March 2003). "צה"ל, רשות הנמלים ועיריית אילת הסכימו: בסיס חיל הים יועבר לנמל אילת". Globes.
* ↑ גולן, גדי (16 April 2006). "פגישה באילת לקידום העתקת הבסיס הימי". Globes.
* ↑ Operation Full Disclosure - Israel Defense Forces
* ↑ Lappin, Yaakov (2014-03-08). "Iranian arms vessel captured by IDF docks in Eilat". The Jerusalem Post - JPost.com. Retrieved 19 December 2014.
* ↑ Zitun, Yoav (2014-03-06). "Iran weapons ship: Behind the scenes of IDF 'Operation Full Disclosure'". ynet. Retrieved 19 December 2014.
* ↑ Hassan, Ahmed Mohamed and Williams, Dan (27 October 2023). "Drone blasts hit two Egyptian Red Sea towns, Israel points to Houthi". Reuters. Archived from the original on 27 October 2023. Retrieved 28 October 2023.
* ↑ "Blasts hit two Egyptian Red Sea towns near Israel border, six injured". Al Jazeera English. Archived from the original on 7 November 2023. Retrieved 28 October 2023.
* ↑ Fabian, Emanuel (27 October 2023). "Missile that hit Egypt likely came from Yemen, IDF indicates; 2nd Sinai impact reported". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 31 October 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
* ↑ "Yemen's Houthi rebels appear to threaten Israel: 'Eilat'". The Times of Israel. 28 October 2023. Archived from the original on 30 October 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
* ↑ Nereim, Vivian; Al-Batati, Saeed (31 October 2023). "Yemen's Houthi militia claims to have launched an attack on Israel". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 1 November 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
* ↑ "Houthis Claim Responsibility for Attack on Israel". Asharq Al-Awsat. 1 November 2023. Archived from the original on 23 December 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
* ↑ "Israel strikes Syria after drone hits southern Eilat city – Israeli military". Reuters. 9 November 2023. Archived from the original on 10 November 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
* ↑ "Yemen's Houthis say they fired ballistic missiles towards Israel". Al Jazeera English. 14 November 2023. Archived from the original on 14 November 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
* ↑ Fabian, Emanuel (22 November 2023). "IDF says it shot down cruise missile — apparently fired by Houthis — over Red Sea". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 23 November 2023. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
* ↑ "Yemen's Houthis say they launched ballistic missiles at Israel". Reuters. 6 December 2023. Archived from the original on 6 December 2023. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
* ↑ Rabinovitch, Ari (21 December 2023). "Israel's Eilat Port sees 85% drop in activity amid Red Sea Houthi attacks". Reuters. Retrieved 25 January 2024.
* ↑ "Yemen's Houthis targeted Israel's Eilat with ballistic missiles". The Jerusalem Post. 2 February 2024. Archived from the original on 3 February 2024. Retrieved 3 February 2024.
* ↑ Fabian, Emanuel (19 March 2024). "In first, IDF confirms Houthi cruise missile hit open area near Eilat on Monday". timesofisrael.com. Archived from the original on 20 March 2024. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
* ↑ "Successful interception of 'suspicious target' over the Red Sea". The Jerusalem Post. 21 March 2024. Archived from the original on 21 March 2024. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
* ↑ "Middle East crisis live: pressure grows on Israel as France suggests sanctions and Turkey restricts exports". The Guardian. Retrieved 2024-04-09.
* ↑ "Israeli FM says Israel will retaliate economically following Erdogan's export embargo on Israel". Haaretz. 2024-04-09. Retrieved 2024-04-09.
* ↑ "IDF says Arrow system intercepted apparent Houthi ballistic missile fired at Eilat". The Times of Israel. 3 June 2024. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
* ↑ Muwaffaq, Dastan (3 November 2023). "Iraqi militant group claims responsibility for missile attack on Israel". Kurdistan24. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
* ↑ "Iraq's Islamic Resistance attacks Eilat with "appropriate weapons"". Shafaq News. Retrieved 21 December 2023.
* ↑ "Iraqi militia group claims attack on southern Israel". www.rudaw.net. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
* ↑ "Islamic Resistance in Iraq: We struck Israel's Eilat with drones". www.middleeastmonitor.com. 2024-02-06. Retrieved 2024-02-17.
* ↑ Zitun, Yoav (2024-04-01). "UAV launched from Iraq hits Gulf of Eilat Israeli naval base, IDF confirms". Ynetnews. Retrieved 2024-04-01.
* ↑ "Eilat building damaged after hostile aircraft infiltrates Israel from Jordan". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. 2024-04-01. Retrieved 2024-04-01.
* ↑ Fabian, Emanuel (April 9, 2024). "In first, IDF says ship-mounted Iron Dome downs 'suspicious' target over Eilat". The Times of Israel.
* ↑ "Institute for the Study of War". Institute for the Study of War. Retrieved 2024-04-21.
* ↑ "Iraqi Shiite militia claims drone attack on Israel-Xinhua". english.news.cn. Retrieved 2024-05-08.
* 1 2 Fabian, Emanuel (28 May 2024). "IDF downs 2 drones targeting Eilat in attack claimed by Iran-backed Iraqi militia". timesofisrael. Retrieved 28 May 2024.
* ↑ Fabian, Emanuel (24 May 2024). "Iran-backed militia in Iraq claims credit for launching drone shot down by IDF". timesofisrael. Retrieved 24 May 2024.
* ↑ "מוצב של כיפת ברזל בלב הים: תיעוד מספינת הטילים המתקדמת ביותר של צה"ל". YouTube. 10 April 2024.
* ↑ list of commanders prepared by Kochavi Azran at the Museum of Enlistment and the Navy
* Zeev Fried, חיל הים כובש את מפרץ אילת, "Marine Systems" 11, December 1956, p. 54.
* Orly Azoulai, בסיס אילת פנים רבות לו, 'Marine Systems' 111, March 1973, p. 30.
* Batia Shem-El, מפגש אמנים בבסיס אילת, 'Between Waves', April 1974 p. 32.
* Giorgio concocted, שומרים על השקט בבריכה, 'Between Waves' 164 February 1985, p. 21.
* Aryeh Tal, ביקור ספינות נאטו בסיס אילת, "Between Waves", 8, May 2005 p. 10.
* sapphire paid, זירת ים סוף למען הסביבה, "Between Waves", May 2017, p. 16.
* Oren, Michael B. (2002). Six Days of War: June 1967 and the Making of the Modern Middle East. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-515174-9.
* Oren, Michael B. (2002e). Six Days of War: June 1967 and the Making of the Modern Middle East (electronic ed.). New York: RosettaBooks. ISBN 978-0-79-532684-4.
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