# Third World (band)

Third World is a Jamaican reggae fusion band formed in 1973. Their sound is influenced by soul, funk and disco. Although it has undergone several line-up changes, Stephen "Cat" Coore and Richard Daley have been constant members.

## History
### 1970s

Third World started when keyboard player Michael "Ibo" Cooper and guitarist (and cellist) Stephen "Cat" Coore (son of former Deputy Prime Minister David Coore), who had originally played in The Alley Cats and then Inner Circle, subsequently left to form their own band along with Inner Circle singer Milton "Prilly" Hamilton. They recruited bassist Richard Daley, formerly of Ken Boothe's band and Tomorrow's Children, and added drummer Carl Barovier and former Inner Circle percussionist Irvin "Carrot" Jarrett before making their live debut in early 1974.
After recording some tracks with Geoffrey Chung which went unreleased, the band's first single was the self-produced "Railroad Track" (1974). In their early days they played primarily in Kingston's hotels and nightclubs and (along with The Wailers) supported The Jackson Five when they played at the Jamaican National Stadium.
They were soon signed by Island Records and toured Europe with The Wailers. The band's self-titled debut album was released in 1976. The album included a cover of "Satta Massagana", originally performed by The Abyssinians, which became a local hit. Hamilton and Cornell Marshall (who had replaced Barovier earlier) were replaced by two more former Inner Circle members, singer William "Bunny Rugs" Clarke and drummer Willie Stewart, before the recording of their second album, 96° in the Shade (1977), which included several local hits. Notable among its eight tracks were "1865 (96° in the Shade)", a reference to the 1865 Morant Bay rebellion, "Rhythm of Life" and the album's only cover, "Dreamland", written by Bunny Wailer. They played in front of 80,000 people at the Smile Jamaica festival in 1976.
In 1977, the band collaborated with psychiatrist Frederick Hickling on the Explanitations show that was performed at Kingston's Little Theatre early the following year.

### 1980s

Third World's greatest success came in the late 1970s and early 1980s, peaking with their cover version of The O'Jays' "Now That We Found Love" from their third album Journey to Addis. After its initial recording, the single was remixed at the behest of Island Records Special Projects division head, Alex Masucci, with new vocals and an uptempo beat. "Now That We Found Love" became a hit single on both sides of the Atlantic in 1978, reaching the top 10 in the UK. Journey to Addis became a top thirty hit album in the UK.
They had first met Stevie Wonder in Jamaica in 1976, and the single prompted him to perform with them at the Reggae Sunsplash festival in 1981 in the wake of Bob Marley's death, playing his tribute to Marley, "Master Blaster". Third World went on to perform several times at the festival, and they also took part in the "Reggae Sunsplash USA" tour in 1985. Wonder also wrote, along with Melody A McCully, their 1982 hit "Try Jah Love", which brought them further exposure in North America. They were also guests during the third season of SCTV.
In 1983, Third World had crossover success on the UK jazz-funk scene with their reggae single "Lagos Jump" largely thanks to Robbie Vincent and Jeff Young who played the 12-inch version on their Radio London shows. The track also became popular on the London club scene and in particular at Flicks in Dartford.
Telstar Records released a double-album compilation in 1983 which collected up all the mainstream club extended versions and remixes by artists and groups that had enjoyed relatively good UK chart success between 1981 and 1983. Entitled In the Groove, the compilation's lead track on Part Two was Third World's extended version of "Dancing on the Floor (Hooked on Love)". The track had originally been released in 1981 in 7-inch edited and 12-inch extended versions, and included on Third World's Rock the World album. With the release of the Telstar compilation, this brought about an upsurge of interest in Third World's dancefloor output and certainly paved the way for the next two years recordings with Columbia Records (CBS).
In 1985, the group's focus steered by a shifting music scene, brought about a stylistic change in musical direction with the release of "Sense of Purpose". The single was released as a 7-inch edit and 12-inch extended version and later was reissued as a Shep Pettibone club remix. Whilst the single was popular, it only made the lower ends of the UK charts. The 12-inch extended version was released with an instrumental plus the full length version of their 1983 crossover hit "Lagos Jump" which almost certainly boosted the sales of "Sense of Purpose".
In the same year, "Now That We've Found Love" returned to the UK charts again as Paul Hardcastle decided to release a club remix, similar to his D-Train remix, putting the Hardcastle signature sound of electronic keyboards on the track and reverbing the opening vocal. Whilst the remix was a UK hit, the remix had seemingly lost its reggae roots and the Hardcastle remix has since largely been forgotten in the decades that have followed. The result being that most DJs and radio stations have returned to the original reggae version.
Amid claims of artistic differences, "Carrot" split from the band in the mid-1980s. The resulting five-piece band then went on to record more commercial albums such as Sense of Purpose, Reggae Ambassador, Forbidden Love, and Committed.
Their version of "Now That We've Found Love" was used as the basis of Heavy D's 1991 hit rap version. In 1992, they returned to work with Stephen Stewart and Geoffrey Chung on the album Committed.

### 2000s-present

Despite several more line-up changes, including the departures of Cooper and Stewart, and a decline in mainstream success, the band is still recording and performing up to the present day, including in front of a television audience at the Cricket World Cup 2007 Opening Ceremony in Trelawny.
In 2008 the band received a lifetime achievement award from Charles Drew University.
In January 2013, the group was awarded a Lifetime Achievement Award at the Jamaica Jazz and Blues Festival in Montego Bay as they celebrated their 40th year in music. Throughout 2013, the group completed a 40th anniversary world tour. Illness forced Clarke to miss the European shows, with AJ Brown standing in as lead vocalist. Clarke later died on 2 February 2014 in a hospital in Orlando, Florida, while battling cancer. Brown was announced as Bunny Rugs' permanent replacement.
Their 21st album, Under the Magic Sun, was released in June 2014 on Cleopatra Records, featuring vocals from past members, including Bunny Rugs, Brown, Coore, and Maurice Gregory.
Irvin "Carrot" Jarrett died on 31 July 2018, aged 69.
The group's 2019 album More Work to be Done received a nomination for a Grammy Award in the Best Reggae Album category, their eighth nomination in the category.
Michael "Ibo" Cooper died on 12 October 2023, aged 71.

## Musical style

While the band played roots reggae, they have also incorporated other styles into their music, and it was the initial influence of The Wailers that prompted the formation of the band to take on a new direction that combined reggae with other genres. The pop-oriented sound has given rise to criticism of the band over the years, with reggae purists uncomfortable with their incorporation of American soul and R&B into their sound. The band have played also folk-pop, hard rock, bossa nova, rap, light pop-jazz, doo-wop and calypso. Their style has been described as reggae fusion. Bunny Rugs described the band's sound: "Strictly a reggae band, no. Definitely a reggae band, yes." Cat Coore said of their music: "The hybrid of various types of music is a natural thing because, by growing up in Jamaica, we know the direct roots of reggae and ska. At the same time we live in a country where you get to hear Chuck Berry, Fats Domino and all the R&B artists." Bassist Richard Daley said "we took roots reggae music and put branches on top of it".

## Members
### Current members

* Stephen "Cat" Coore – guitars, cello (1973–present)
* Richard Daley – bass (1973–present)
* Tony "Ruption" Williams – drums (1997–present)
* Norris "Noriega" Webb – keyboards (2007–present)
* AJ Brown – vocals (2014–present)

### Former members

* William "Bunny Rugs" Clarke – vocals (1976–2014; died 2014)
* Michael "Ibo" Cooper – keyboards (1973–1997; died 2023)
* Irvin "Carrot" Jarrett – percussion (1973–1983; died 2018)
* Carl Barovier – drums (1973–1976)
* Milton "Prilly" Hamilton – vocals (1973–1976)
* Willie Stewart – drums (1976–1997)
* Rupert "Gypsy" Bent III – guitars, keyboards, percussion, vocals (1989, 1994)
* Leroy "Baarbe" Romans – keyboards (1997–1999)
* Mikel Wallace – keyboards (1999)
* Herbie Harris – keyboards (2002–2010)
* Maurice Gregory - keyboards (2010-2020)

## Discography
### Studio albums

List of albums, with selected chart positions :
| Title | Year | Label | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions |
| Title | Year | Label | UK | US | US R&B |
| Third World | 1976 | Island | — | — | — |
| 96° in the Shade | 1977 | Island | — | — | — |
| Journey to Addis | 1978 | Island | 30 | 55 | 14 |
| The Story's Been Told | 1979 | Island | — | 157 | — |
| Arise in Harmony | 1980 | Island | — | — | — |
| Rock the World | 1981 | CBS | 37 | 186 | 50 |
| You've Got the Power | 1982 | Columbia | 87 | 63 | 20 |
| All the Way Strong | 1983 | CBS | — | 137 | 50 |
| Sense of Purpose | 1985 | CBS | — | 119 | 42 |
| Hold on to Love | 1987 | Columbia | — | — | — |
| Serious Business | 1989 | Mercury | — | 107 | 30 |
| Rock the World | 1990 | Columbia | — | — | — |
| Committed | 1992 | Mercury | — | — | 51 |
| Live It Up | 1995 | Bud Music | — | — | — |
| Generation Coming | 1999 | Déclic Communication | — | — | — |
| The Story's Been Told | 1999 | Island | — | — | — |
| Ain't Givin' Up | 2003 | Shanachie | — | — | — |
| Riddim Haffa Rule | 2004 | Music Avenue | — | — | — |
| Black Gold Green | 2005 | Nocturne | — | — | — |
| Patriots | 2010 | Third World Music Group | — | — | — |
| Under the Magic Sun | 2014 | Cleopatra | — | — | — |
| More Work to Be Done | 2019 | Ghetto Youths International | — | — | — |
| "—" denotes releases that did not chart. ||||||

### Live albums

List of albums, with selected chart positions :
| Title | Year | Label | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions |
| Title | Year | Label | UK | US | US R&B |
| Prisoner in the Street | 1980 | Island | — | 186 | 59 |
| Dedicated to Stevie Wonder | 1982 | Buccaneer | — | — | — |
| Third World Live | 2001 | Tabou 1 | — | — | — |
| Live in Hawaii & Jamaica | 2002 | Tabou 1 | — | — | — |
| Music Hall in Concert | 2007 | Membran Music | — | — | — |
| "—" denotes releases that did not chart. ||||||

### Compilations

List of albums, with selected chart positions :
| Title | Year | Label | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions |
| Title | Year | Label | UK | US |
| Reggae Greats | 1985 | Island | — | — |
| Reggae Ambassadors | 1994 | Chronicles | — | — |
| The Best of Third World | 1993 | Sony | — | — |
| Greatest Hits | 1995 | Columbia | — | — |
| 25th Anniversary | 2001 | BMG | — | — |
| Now That We've Found Love | 2004 | Charly | — | — |
| Tuff Mi Tuff | 2006 | Noble Price | — | — |
| The Best of Third World: The Millennium Collection | 2007 | Island | — | — |
| "—" denotes releases that did not chart. |||||

### Singles

List of singles, with selected chart positions :
| Title | Year | Label | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions |
| Title | Year | Label | AUS | UK | US | US R&B | US Dance |
| "Railroad Track" | 1975 | Island | — | — | — | — | — |
| "96º in the Shade" | 1977 | Island | — | — | — | — | — |
| "Now That We Found Love" | 1978 | Island | — | 10 | 47 | 9 | — |
| "Cool Meditation" | 1978 | Island | — | 17 | — | — | — |
| "One Cold Vibe (Couldn't Stop Dis Ya Boogie)" | 1979 | Island | — | — | — | — | — |
| "Tonight for Me" | 1979 | Island | — | — | — | — | — |
| "The Story's Been Told" | 1979 | Island | — | — | — | — | — |
| "Talk to Me" | 1979 | Island | — | 56 | — | — | — |
| "Always Around" | 1979 | Jah's Music/Island | — | — | — | — | — |
| "Street Fighting" | 1980 | Cav Lip | — | — | — | — | — |
| "Rooths with Quality" | 1980 | Observers | — | — | — | — | — |
| "Dancing on the Floor (Hooked on Love)" | 1981 | CBS | — | 10 | — | 88 | — |
| "Standing in the Rain" | 1981 | CBS | — | — | — | — | — |
| "Try Jah Love" | 1982 | CBS | 55 | 47 | 101 | 23 | 17 |
| "You're Playing Us Too Close" | 1982 | Columbia | — | — | — | — | — |
| "Ride On" | 1982 | CBS | — | — | — | — | — |
| "Love Is Out to Get You" | 1983 | CBS | — | — | — | — | — |
| "Lagos Jump" | 1983 | CBS | — | — | — | — | — |
| "Sense of Purpose" | 1985 | CBS | — | — | — | 51 | 45 |
| "One More Time" | 1985 | CBS | — | 99 | — | — | 8 |
| "One to One" | 1985 | Columbia | — | — | — | 76 | — |
| "Now That We Found Love" (re-issue) | 1985 | Island | — | 22 | — | — | — |
| "Hold on to Love" | 1987 | CBS | — | — | — | — | — |
| "Over Due" | 1987 | Jah's Music | — | — | — | — | — |
| "The Spirit Lives" | 1987 | Columbia | — | — | — | — | — |
| "It's the Same Old Song" | 1989 | Mercury | — | 80 | — | 77 | — |
| "Forbidden Love" | 1989 | Mercury | — | — | — | 17 | — |
| "Live in the Balance" | 1991 | Jah's Music | — | — | — | — | — |
| "Committed" | 1992 | Mercury | — | — | — | 27 | — |
| "Talk to Me" (re-issue) | 1994 | Great Jones | — | — | — | — | 19 |
| "Dem Man Deh" | 1996 | Taxi | — | — | — | — | — |
| "Baltimore" | 1997 | Taxi | — | — | — | — | — |
| "Reggae Party" (feat. Shaggy) | 1999 | Eagle | — | — | — | — | — |
| "Dread Eyes" | 2000 | Reggae Blitz | — | — | — | — | — |
| "Ya Ya Ya Jamaica" | 2001 | BMG | — | — | — | — | — |
| "96 Degrees Cover (2nd Generation)" (feat. Stephen and Damian Marley) | 2011 | Third World Music Group | — | — | — | — | — |
| "Loving You Is Easy" | 2018 | Ghetto Youths International | — | — | — | — | — |
| "—" denotes releases that did not chart. ||||||||

## Awards and nominations
### Grammy Awards

The Grammy Awards are awarded annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. Third World have received nine nominations.
| Year | Nominee / work | Award | Result |
| 1983 | Reggae Sunsplash '81: A Tribute to Bob Marley | Best Ethnic or Traditional Folk Recording | Nominated |
| 1988 | Hold On to Love | Best Reggae Album | Nominated |
| 1990 | Serious Business | Best Reggae Album | Nominated |
| 1993 | Committed | Best Reggae Album | Nominated |
| 1996 | Live It Up | Best Reggae Album | Nominated |
| 2000 | Generation Coming | Best Reggae Album | Nominated |
| 2004 | Ain't Givin' Up | Best Reggae Album | Nominated |
| 2006 | Black Gold & Green | Best Reggae Album | Nominated |
| 2020 | More Work to Be Done | Best Reggae Album | Nominated |