OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Oklahoma Policy Institute

The Oklahoma Policy Institute (OK Policy) is an independent nonpartisan think tank focused on state policy issues. Its primary office is located in Tulsa, Oklahoma, but has staff statewide.

## Founding and mission

OK Policy was founded in 2008 by David Blatt, Vincent LoVoi, and Steven Dow. It grew out of the public policy department of the Community Action Project of Tulsa County, where Blatt had been director of public policy. Blatt began his tenure at OK Policy as director of policy. In 2010, Blatt replaced Matt Guillory as executive director, and the organization's main office was moved from Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, to Tulsa. In 2012, Oklahoma Policy Institute hired an Outreach Coordinator. In 2019, Ahniwake Rose became the executive director. In 2022, the organization's longest-serving employee Shiloh Kantz was named executive director.
The organization's mission is to advance equitable and fiscally responsible policies that expand opportunity for all Oklahomans through non-partisan research, analysis, and advocacy.

## Collaborations and Affiliations

Oklahoma Policy Institute is affiliated with two networks of state policy research organizations. The first is the State Priorities Partnership (SPP), a collaboration coordinated by the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. The second is the Economic Analysis Research Network (EARN), coordinated by the Economic Policy Institute.

## Involvement in Income Tax Debate, 2012

In 2012, members of the Oklahoma Republican Party in the Oklahoma Legislature began advocating a decrease in, or abolition of, the income tax. OK Policy helped form a coalition of stakeholders that would be impacted by income tax cuts. Stakeholders included the Oklahoma Education Association, The Oklahoma State School Boards Association, and The Oklahoma Institute for Child Advocacy. This group was called Together Oklahoma.
OK Policy advocated against the income tax cut, while Oklahoma Council of Public Affairs advocated for the cut.
# Piedmont City School District

Piedmont City School District is a school district in Calhoun County, Alabama, USA.
# Doseley

Doseley is a village in the Telford and Wrekin borough in Shropshire, England. It forms part of the Dawley Hamlets civil parish alongside Aqueduct, Horsehay, Lightmoor, Little Dawley and Spring Village.

## History

The settlement was located in an area of coal mining and was served by the former Doseley Halt on the Wellington to Craven Arms Railway which closed in 1963. The station site is now overgrown and disused, although it is currently due to be reopened and reinstated by the Telford Steam Railway on their expansion towards Lightmoor Junction.

## St Luke's Church

St Luke's church in Doseley was an Anglican church dedicated to Luke the Evangelist, built in 1845 to serve the new ecclesiastical parish of Dawley Parva (ie Little Dawley) which served the townships of Little Dawley and Horsehay. It was built in red brick in the Norman style and is grade II listed. The church was in use until 1975 when it was declared redundant, and became a private residence in 1980.
The war memorial plaques from the church were moved to a new parish war memorial erected in 1999 at Holly Road, Little Dawley.

## Transport

Doseley has no bus services passing through it, the nearest stops are in Horsehay, Lightmoor and Little Dawley. The nearest railway stations are Shifnal and Telford Central.
# Roman Budzyński

Roman Budzyński (23 September 1933 – 14 January 1994 or 17 January 1999) was a Polish sprinter. He competed in the men's 200 metres at the 1952 Summer Olympics.
He died on 14 January 1994 or 17 January 1999
# 1891 Mid Armagh by-election

The 1891 Mid Armagh by-election was a parliamentary by-election held for the United Kingdom House of Commons constituency of Mid Armagh on 17 December 1891. The vacancy arose because of the death of the sitting member, Sir James Corry of the new Irish Unionist Party.
Only one candidate was nominated, Dunbar Barton also of the Irish Unionist Party, who was therefore elected unopposed. Barton remained as member for Mid Armagh until 1900, when he was appointed as a judge.
# Marika Nakamura

Marika Nakamura (中村 真梨花, Nakamura Marika, born May 20, 1987) is a Japanese women's professional shogi player ranked 4-dan.

## Women's professional shogi player
### Promotion history

Nakamura's promotion history is as follows.
* 2-kyū: April 1, 2003
* 1-kyū: April 1, 2004
* 1-dan: April 1, 2005
* 2-dan: February 25, 2009
* 3-dan: May 4, 2015
* 4-dan: May 13, 2023
Note: All ranks are women's professional ranks.

### Titles and other championships

Nakamura has appeared in women's major title match three times, but has yet to win a major title. She was the challenger for the 17th Kurashiki Tōka Cup [ja] title in 2009, the 34th Women's Ōshō [ja] title in 2012 and the 40th Women's Meijin title in 2013.

## Personal life

Nakamura is married to professional shogi player Shōta Chida. The pair got married in September 2023.
# Hojjatabad, Gonbaki

Hojjatabad (Persian: حجت اباد) is a village in Gonbaki Rural District of the Central District of Gonbaki County, Kerman province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 320 in 66 households, when it was in the former Rigan District of Bam County. The following census in 2011 counted 378 people in 87 households, by which time the district had been separated from the county in the establishment of Rigan County. The rural district was transferred to the new Gonbaki District. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 725 people in 194 households.
In 2023, the district was separated from the county in the establishment of Gonbaki County. The rural district was transferred to the new Central District.
# Silence of the Heart

Silence of the Heart is a 1984 American made-for-television drama film starring Charlie Sheen, Chad Lowe, Mariette Hartley, Dana Hill, Howard Hesseman and Silvana Gallardo, directed by Richard Michaels and written by Phil Penningroth.
The film was considered groundbreaking for the time period and heralded a coming trend of films that dealt with teenage suicide, a topic previously not discussed in family film, with an emphasis on the surviving family of a teenager who commits suicide.

## Plot

Skip Lewis (Chad Lowe) is a 17-year-old boy who has been having academic problems. A girl named Andrea, whom he has been pursuing, has told him that she has no interest in him. He tries to talk to his parents (Mariette Hartley & Howard Hesseman) about this but can't bring himself to, thinking that they won't understand. He commits suicide by driving his car over a cliff onto rocks. Now, his parents are in denial saying that his death was an accident. However, his best friend, Ken Cruze (Charlie Sheen) who was the last person he saw before his death, was told by Skip that he was considering killing himself and is feeling guilty that he didn't try to stop him. Skip's sister Cindy (Dana Hill) tries to bring her family out of denial so they can heal.

## Partial cast

* Charlie Sheen as Ken Cruze (his first acting role)
* Mariette Hartley as Barbara Lewis
* Dana Hill as Cindy Lewis
* Howard Hesseman as Carl Lewis
* Chad Lowe as Skip Lewis
* Silvana Gallardo as Alice Roberti
* Elizabeth Berridge as Penny
* Alexandra Powers as Andrea
* Ray Girardin as Harris
* Sherilyn Fenn as Monica
* Melissa Hayden as Rachel
* Casey Siemaszko as Jeff
* Jeffrey Lampert as Mr. Bonaducci
* Steve Eastin as Ed Rintal
* Leslie Bega as Cindy
* Rick Fitts as Dan Norlan
* Lynette Mettey as Marilyn Cruze
* Jaleel White as Hanry
* David L. Crowley as Mourner (credited as David Crowley)

## Critical reception

The New York Times wrote "In any television project of this sort, the dramatization elements tend to be shaped by requirements usually associated with a how-to manual. This is the problem, we are told, and this is the way to cope with it. Experts are recruited. (Silence of the Heart lists Charlotte Ross, director of the Suicide Prevention and Crisis Center of California's San Mateo County, as technical adviser.) Not infrequently, dramatic clout gets lost in the authenticity shuffle. Fortunately, this is not the case with Silence of the Heart, a David A. Simons Production made in association with Tisch/Avnet Productions. Steve Tisch and Jon Avnet, the executive producers, have been steadily compiling an impressive television record since the release of their film Risky Business and this production gives them still another solid credit. Phil Penningroth's script and Richard Michaels's direction are effectively restrained, avoiding unnecessary melodrama. (The use of a volume of Sylvia Plath's poetry is a trifle pat bud not entirely out of order.)"
# 1912 Georgetown Blue and Gray football team

The 1912 Georgetown Blue and Gray football team represented Georgetown University during the 1912 college football season. Led by Frank Gargan in his first year as head coach, the team went 8–1 and won a South Atlantic Intercollegiate Athletic Association (SAIAA) championship.
Quarterback Harry Costello was an All-Southern selection.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Site | Result |
| September 28 | | Randolph–Macon* | Georgetown FieldWashington, DC | W 39–0 |
| October 5 | | Mount St. Mary's* | Georgetown FieldWashington, DC | W 27–0 |
| October 12 | | Washington and Lee | Georgetown FieldWashington, DC | W 20–0 |
| October 17 | 3:30 p.m. | at North Carolina A&M | Riddick FieldRaleigh, NC | W 48–0 |
| October 26 | | Carlisle* | Georgetown FieldWashington, DC | L 20–34 |
| November 2 | 3:00 p.m. | vs. North Carolina | Broad Street ParkRichmond, VA | W 37–10 |
| November 9 | | Washington College* | Georgetown FieldWashington, DC | W 84–0 |
| November 16 | | Virginia | Georgetown FieldWashington, DC | W 16–13 |
| November 28 | | VPI | Georgetown FieldWashington, DC | W 24–3 |
| *Non-conference game ||||||
# Gonbaki Rural District

Gonbaki Rural District (Persian: دهستان گنبكي) is in the Central District of Gonbaki County, Kerman province, Iran. It is administered from the city of Gonbaki.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population (as a part of the former Rigan District of Bam County) was 11,926 in 2,554 households. There were 7,790 inhabitants in 2,080 households at the following census of 2011, by which time the district had been separated from the county in the establishment of Rigan County. The rural district was transferred to the new Gonbaki District. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 4,585 in 1,435 households. The most populous of its 20 villages was Shaltukabad, with 1,004 people.
In 2023, the district was separated from the county in the establishment of Gonbaki County and renamed the Central District.
# Walter Robberds

Walter John Forbes Robberds (1863–1944) was a Scottish Anglican bishop.

## Life and ministry

He was born on 6 September 1863 in Baharampur. He was educated at Trinity College, Glenalmond, and Keble College, Oxford. He was ordained deacon after studying at Ripon College Cuddesdon in 1887 in Gloucester and priest in 1888 in Bristol. His career began as a curate at St Mary Redcliffe, Bristol after which he was Chaplain of his old theological college. He then held incumbencies at St German's, Blackheath St Mary's, Arbroath and St Mary Redcliffe where additionally he was also Rural Dean of Bedminster. In 1904 he was ordained to the episcopate as the Bishop of Brechin Four years later he became Primus of Scotland, a post he held until his retirement in 1934. He died on 16 August 1944.
# Ada Paterson

Ada Gertrude Paterson (6 June 1880 – 26 August 1937) was a New Zealand school medical doctor, child health administrator and community worker.

## Early life and education

Paterson was born in Dunedin, New Zealand, in 1880. Her father was librarian at the Dunedin Athenaeum and Mechanics' Institute. Paterson attended Otago Girls' High School, before studying medicine at the University of Otago. She graduated in 1906, and travelled to the University of Dublin for further training.

## Career

She returned to New Zealand and commenced practising medicine in Picton in 1908. Paterson was appointed a Medical Inspector of Schools in 1912, initially based in Dunedin but then in Wellington from 1916. She was one of the four women doctors in the School Medical Service: the others were Dr Margaret McCahon in Auckland, Dr Eleanor McLaglan in Christchurch and Dr Emily Irwin in Dunedin. In 1923 Paterson was promoted to Director of the School Hygiene Division of the Department of Health.
In 1935 Paterson represented New Zealand at a conference associated with the League of Nations held in Geneva.
She was dedicated to working for the welfare of children. Her obituary recorded that 'her wise and sympathetic handling of many of the problems of childhood earned her the esteem and affection of many generations of school children and their parents, as well as the confidence of the educational authorities'.

## Community activities

Paterson was the first chairperson of the Wellington District Children's Health Camp Association and was influential in the running of the Ōtaki Children's Health Camp. She was also involved with the kindergarten movement. She was a member of the New Zealand Women's University Federation and served on that organisation's committee.

## Death and funeral

Paterson died on 26 August 1937 in Wellington. Her funeral and cremation were held on 28 August 1937. Her pallbearers included the Minister of Health Peter Fraser, the Director General of Health Michael Watt, the Director-General, Mental Hospitals Department Dr T. Gray and the Director of Education T. N. Lambourne. Her ashes are buried at her family plot in the Northern Cemetery in Dunedin.
# Takeshi Watanabe (civil servant)

Viscount Takeshi Watanabe (渡辺 武, Watanabe Takeshi, 1906 – 23 August 2010) was a Japanese bureaucrat and the first President of the Asian Development Bank (ADB). He was in office from 24 November 1966 to 24 November 1972.
Watanabe was born in Tokyo in 1906. His father was Chifuyu Watanabe, 2nd Viscount, and his grandfather was Chiaki Watanabe, 1st Earl, who served as the Minister of the Imperial Household. He was first educated at Gakushuin and then went on to study at the First Higher School. He graduated from the University of Tokyo with a degree in law in 1930.
Upon graduation, he started working for the Ministry of Finance, where one of his colleagues was Takeo Fukuda, who later became prime minister. Together with Hayato Ikeda, Minister of Finance, and Kiichi Miyazawa, his secretary—both of whom later became prime ministers—he played a central role in negotiating with the Allied Occupation Force about the economic policies and finances of occupied Japan.
Watanabe was considered to be the "father" of ADB, as it was under his leadership that many of ADB's policies and targets were established, the first bond was issued in the Federal Republic of Germany in 1969, and in September 1972, donors agreed to set up ADB's multilateral source of concessional lending, the Asian Development Fund. He served as President of ADB from its inception in 1966 to 1972.
After resigning from ADB, Watanabe took on a number of roles including advisor to the Bank of Tokyo, President of the Japan Credit Rating Agency (JCRA), and honorary chairman of Japan Silver Volunteers Inc. He was also the first Japanese chairman of the Trilateral Commission. His book of memoirs of ADB "Towards a New Asia" was published in 1973.
Watanabe Takeshi died in Tokyo on Monday 23 August 2010, at the age of 104.
# 1915 Cleveland by-election

The 1915 Cleveland by-election was held on 9 December 1915. The by-election was held due to the incumbent Liberal MP, Herbert Samuel, becoming Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster. It was retained by Samuel.
Cleveland by-election, 1915 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Herbert Samuel | 7,312 | 83.4 | +27.1 |
| | Independent | R Knight | 1,453 | 16.6 | New |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 5,859 | 66.8 | +54.2 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 8,765 | 53.4 | −29.1 |
| | Liberal hold | Liberal hold | Swing | | |
# Satoshi Hatakeyama

Satoshi Hatakeyama (畠山 智之, Hatakeyama Satoshi, born October 30, 1958) is a Japanese journalist who works for NHK. During his career, he was presenter of NHK News 7 and NHK News 21.

## Career

Hatakeyama was born in Osaka and later raised in Tokyo. After graduating from The Second Junior and Senior High School of Nihon University [ja], he entered Nihon University's Department of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine [ja], now Department of Bioresource Sciences, studying food engineering.
During his college years, he did not aspire to be an announcer, nor did he study announcing at all. However, he had always wanted to work abroad, and in his fourth year of college he took an entrance exam for a trading company, though was rejected. Still, his desire to work overseas remained unchanged, and when looking at job postings for places with overseas branches, he found a bulletin for NHK staff recruitment. As a result, he was hired as an announcer, graduating from university in April 1981.
# Małgorzata Sobańska

Małgorzata Sobańska-Mańkowska (born April 25, 1969, in Poznań, Wielkopolskie) is a retired female long-distance runner from Poland. She twice competed for her native country at the Summer Olympics: in 1996 and 2004.

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Poland ||||||
| 1995 | London Marathon | London, United Kingdom | 1st | Marathon | 2:27:43 |
| 1995 | World Championships | Gothenburg, Sweden | 4th | Marathon | 2:31:10 |
| 1996 | Olympic Games | Atlanta, United States | 11th | Marathon | 2:31:52 |
| 1998 | Cologne Marathon | Cologne, Germany | 1st | Marathon | 2:29:39 |
| 2000 | Cologne Marathon | Cologne, Germany | 1st | Marathon | 2:28:42 |
| 2000 | Tokyo Marathon | Tokyo, Japan | 4th | Marathon | 2:27:52 |
| 2001 | Boston Marathon | Boston, United States | 2nd | Marathon | 2:26:42 |
| 2001 | Chicago Marathon | Chicago, United States | 4th | Marathon | 2:26:08 |
| 2001 | Tokyo Marathon | Tokyo, Japan | 5th | Marathon | 2:27:01 |
| 2004 | Olympic Games | Athens, Greece | 17th | Marathon | 2:36:43 |
| 2006 | Toronto Waterfront Marathon | Toronto, Canada | 1st | Marathon | 2:34:32 |
| 2008 | Warsaw Marathon | Warsaw, Poland | 1st | Marathon | 2:31:20 |

### Personal bests

* 10,000 metres – 33:52.03 (2004)
* Half marathon – 1:11:47 hrs (2008)
* Marathon – 2:26:08 hrs (2001)
# Signal crime

Signal crime is a concept coined by Professor Martin Innes and Professor Nigel Fielding, aiming "to capture the social semiotic processes by which particular types of criminal and disorderly conduct have a disproportionate impact upon fear of crime." The concept was created to aid a policing approach being trialled in the early 2000s by Surrey Police called reassurance policing, which aims to identify "signals", and involve the community in solving community-related problems and is the ascendent to the current 'neighbourhood policing' approach in England and Wales. This approach was developed in order to close the 'reassurance gap' – the paradoxical situation in which the public's 'fear of crime' (as measured by the Crime Survey for England and Wales – previously called the British Crime Survey) does not change in tandem with the overall crime rate. The Signal Crimes Perspective contended that fear of crime and people's risk perceptions – the perceived likelihood of being victimised – were linked to certain crimes, deviant behaviours or the residual signs of these activities:
   In effect, the crime or incident is 'read' as a warning signal by its audience(s) that something is wrong or lacking, as a result of which they might be induced to take some form of protective action. In addition, the presence of this signal will shape how the person or groups concerned construct beliefs concerning other potential dangers and beliefs.

## Different signals

Signal crimes vary in strength or value; strong signals are borne out of serious events with high public awareness, while weak signals may emanate from minor disorderly behaviours. However, the effect of many weak signal events over time can be just as damaging to people's feelings of security. Furthermore, different people and communities will interpret events in different ways, attaching different signal values to crimes and events based on a range of factors – e.g. lived experiences, age, or social class. An example may be that women are more likely to attach higher signal values to sexual assault, whereas young men may not be affected in the same way.

## Application to policing

The Signal Crimes Perspective is useful to local policing styles that are based on the philosophy of community policing, as it underlines the need for engaging with communities – through local beat meetings or the 'Neighbourhood Security Interview' – to understand the local problems that create insecurity. With this understanding, local policing teams can attempt to prioritise the issues that appear to have the highest signal values and consequently improve local security.
# Barbara Sobotta

Barbara Sobotta (née Janiszewska; December 4, 1936, in Poznań – November 20, 2000, in Kraków) was a Polish athlete who mainly competed in the women's sprint events during her career.
In 1958 in Stockholm, she won the European Championships 200 metres race (as Maria Leontyavna Itkina won the bronze medal).
She competed for Poland at the 1960 Summer Olympics held in Rome, Italy where she won the bronze medal in the women's 4 x 100 metres with her teammates Teresa Wieczorek, Celina Jesionowska and Halina Richter.

## Additional images

* Dom rodzinny Barbary Sobotty - Poznań, ul. Wierzbięcice 41a
# 1889 Buckingham by-election

The 1889 Buckingham by-election was held on 11 October 1889 after the incumbent Conservative MP, Egerton Hubbard succeeded to a peerage as the second Baron Addington. The seat was won by the Liberal candidate Edmund Verney who would later be expelled causing a by-election in 1891. The Conservative candidate, Evelyn Hubbard was the younger brother of the outgoing MP.
Buckingham by-election, 1889 Electorate :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Edmund Verney | 4,856 | 51.1 | +1.5 |
| | Conservative | Evelyn Hubbard | 4,647 | 48.9 | −1.5 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 209 | 2.2 | N/A |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 9,503 | 75.6 | −2.7 |
| | Liberal gain from Conservative | Liberal gain from Conservative | Swing | +1.5 | |
# Pikes Peak Prep

Pikes Peak Prep is a free, public K–12 charter school located in downtown Colorado Springs, Colorado. United States.
Pikes Peak Prep is ranked a Performance level school based on the Colorado Department of Education evaluation in 2016. 100% of seniors in 2016 graduated from Pikes Peak Prep, and over 90% of students enroll in college.
In 2011, Pikes Peak Prep received the Governor's Distinguished Improvement Award.
The school offers a Middle College Program, allowing students to earn college credits. High School students are able to concurrently enroll in college classes at Pikes Peak Community College, and receive both college credit and high school credit. Pikes Peak Prep pays for student's college tuition, provides transportation, and books.
This school changed locations after management of the school was changed in an agreement with Colorado Charter School Institute.