OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Treaty of Constantinople (1897)

The Treaty of Constantinople was a treaty between the Ottoman Empire and the Kingdom of Greece signed on 4 December 1897 following the Greco-Turkish War (1897).

## Background

The island of Crete was a part of the Ottoman Empire, but had a predominantly Christian, Greek-speaking population, which had rebelled several times to achieve union with Greece. During one such revolt, on 2 February 1897 Greek troops landed in Crete to annex the island. This led to the outbreak of the so-called 30 Days' War between the Ottoman Empire and Greece. It was fought mainly in Thessaly and Epirus. In Thessaly, the superior Ottoman army commanded by Edhem Pasha defeated the Greeks and captured much territory. Greece sued for peace and the Great Powers of Europe intervened to force the Ottoman government to return the majority of the lands occupied during the war, and to grant autonomy for Crete.

## The treaty

Peace talks began on 21 October 1897 and the treaty was signed on 4 December 1897. The terms were:
* Thessaly, which had been occupied by Ottoman forces, was to be largely returned to Greece with small changes in the pre-war border line in favour of the Ottomans.
* Greece agreed to pay heavy reparations.
* The Ottomans would not withdraw before the reparations were paid.
* The Ottomans agreed to promote the status of Crete as an autonomous state under Ottoman suzerainty.

## Aftermath

Although the Ottoman army was victorious in the field, the Ottoman Empire did not benefit from the victory. The suzerainty over Crete proved to be completely ineffective and Crete unilaterally declared union with Greece in 1908. This was formalized after the Balkan Wars, with the island joining Greece on 1 December 1913. In the 1923 population exchange between Greece and Turkey, the Muslim population of the island was transferred to Turkey.
# Christopher Plunkett, 1st Baron of Dunsany

Christopher Plunkett, 1st Baron of Dunsany (c. 1410 – 1462) was an Anglo-Norman peer. He was the second son of Sir Christopher Plunkett and Genet de Cusack.

## Family background and early life

The elder Christopher Plunkett of Rathregan, County Meath, had married in 1399, Lady Joan de Cusack, heiress of Killeen and Dunsany; she was the daughter of Sir Lucas de Cusack, Lord of Killeen. Sir Christopher and Lady Joan's two oldest children were male. John, the elder, inherited Killeen Castle and estate and Christopher, the younger, inherited Dunsany Castle and estate.

### Creation of the Dunsany peerage

A charter of 1439, a few years before his father's death, refers to the younger Sir Christopher as lord of the manor of Dunsany (Dns. de Dunsany). He is referred to by William Camden, in the following century, as being the first Baron of Dunsany, that is to say, a hereditary member of the Irish House of Lords. What year he became a peer is uncertain. The first reference to the Dunsanys as peers is in the role of the two Irish earls and eleven Irish barons who met with Henry VII of England and Ireland at Greenwich in 1489; the third Lord Dunsany, Sir Christopher's grandson, is listed last of the eleven, after Lord Trimleston and some Irish parliament lists use almost the same order of precedence. The date of the patent of the Barony of Trimleston is known to be 4 March 1462; it is one of two baronial patents that survive. Cokayne concludes, in the Complete Peerage, that, if this precedence represents the date of creation, then, since Sir Christopher's will is dated 1 August 1461, probably shortly before his death, the Barony of Dunsany was created around that year. The Complete Peerage also notes, however, that the order of precedence was likely to reflect the relative importance of the lords, rather than the age of their titles. Debrett's single sentence on the subject describes the charter of 1439 as a writ, although Cokayne denies that Ireland recognised the creation of peerages by writ.

## Personal life

Plunkett married firstly Anne FitzGerald, daughter and heiress of Richard FitzGerald of Ballysonan, County Kildare and his wife Julia de Castlemartin, daughter of Nicholas de Castlemartin and widow of Richard Wellesley. Richard FitzGerald was reputedly a natural son of Gerald FitzGerald, 5th Earl of Kildare. Christopher and Anne had issue, including Richard, his heir, and John. He married secondly Elizabeth Preston, daughter of Christopher Preston, 3rd Baron Gormanston and Jane d'Artois, granddaughter of the soldier and statesman Sir Jenico d'Artois.
Christopher Plunkett's will is preserved in the Lambeth Palace library. He left many specific bequests, his lands as per an entail, and in his title, he was succeeded by his eldest son Richard Plunkett, 2nd Baron of Dunsany, one of five named in the will.
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 762

United Nations Security Council resolution 762, adopted unanimously on 30 June 1992, after reaffirming resolutions 713 (1991), 721 (1991), 724 (1991), 727 (1992), 740 (1992) 743 (1992), 749 (1992), 752 (1992), 757 (1992), 758 (1992), 760 (1992) and 761 (1992), the Council urged all parties to honour their commitments to the United Nations plan in former Yugoslavia and complete a cessation of hostilities.
It also urged Croatia to withdraw its army from its recent offensive in Dalmatia to positions held before 21 June 1992, and urged the remaining units of the Yugoslav People's Army as well as the Serbian territorial defence forces in Croatia, and also the irregular forces to strictly comply with the United Nations peacekeeping plan.
Resolution 762 also recommended the establishment of a Joint Commission, consisting of representatives of the Croatian government and local Serbs, which should consult "if necessary or appropriate" with the authorities in Belgrade as to its functions regarding the monitoring of police authorities and the withdrawal of both armies from the United Nations Protected Areas and "pink zones" outside of United Nations control. It also authorised an increase of 120 civilian police and 60 military officers to the United Nations Protection Force.
Reaffirming the arms embargo and the consequences that the collapse of the United Nations plan in Yugoslavia could have, the Council called on all parties again to co-operate with the Conference on Yugoslavia with its aim to reaching a political settlement consistent with the principles of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe.
Croatia did not comply and did not withdraw its army from Miljevci Plateau.
# Damián Fernández

Damián Ariel Fernández (born 2 January 2002) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Vélez Sarsfield.

## Club career

Fernández joined the youth system of Vélez Sarsfield in 2015 from Trelew-based Racing Club, who he signed for from Defensores de la Ribera. His move into their senior set-up arrived ahead of the 2019–20 campaign. He made his professional debut on 31 August 2019 in a Primera División fixture with Estudiantes, as the centre-back came off the bench in the second half to replace Cristian Núñez in a one-goal victory.

## International career

In May 2019, Fernández was selected to train against Argentina's seniors during the Copa América. In the following months, Fernández appeared with the U18s at the L'Alcúdia International Tournament in Spain.

## Career statistics

    As of 1 September 2019.
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Vélez Sarsfield | 2019–20 | Primera División | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |

## Honours

Vélez Sarsfield
* Argentine Primera División: 2024
# Hans Neumayer

Hans Neumayer (born 10 January 1956) is a former German racing cyclist. He won the German National Road Race in 1981 and 1982.
# Pinnacle Canyon Academy

Pinnacle Canyon Academy is a K-12 charter school, located in Price, Utah. Competing in the 1A division of the Utah High School Activities Association for sports, which includes baseball, boys’ and girls basketball, boys’ and girls’ cross country, boys’ and girls’ golf, boys’ and girls’ track, and volleyball. The school’s mascot is the Panthers.
# Double Portrait of an Old Man and an Old Woman

Pendant Portraits of an Old Man and an Old Woman refers to two 1654 oil on canvas pendant portraits by Rembrandt, Portrait of an Old Man and Portrait of an Old Woman, usually identified as a single pair. Signed and dated by the artist, both works were in the collection of Heinrich von Brühl, whose heirs sold them to Catherine II of Russia in 1769. They are both now in the Pushkin Museum in Moscow, to which they were transferred from the Hermitage Museum in 1930.
Their subjects are unknown, though are traditionally held to be Rembrandt's brother Adriaen van Rijn and Adriaen's wife Lijsbeth van Leeuwen. That identification was thrown into doubt in 1916 by Cornelis Hofstede de Groot, though he still held that the works formed a pair, as did Kurt Bauch and Christian Tümpel. Tümpel additionally argues that the old woman represents a Biblical figure. The only art historian to argue that they do not belong together was Leonard J. Slatkes.

## Sources

* http://www.arts-museum.ru/data/fonds/europe_and_america/j/0000_1000/2291_Portret_starika/index.php
* http://www.arts-museum.ru/data/fonds/europe_and_america/j/0000_1000/2292_Portret_starushki/index.php
# Adam Narsayya Narayan

Adam Narsayya Narayan, popularly known as Adam Master is an Indian politician from the Communist Party of India (Marxist) and a leader of the Centre for Indian Trade Unions (CITU). He has served as member of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly between 2004–2009 and 1995–1999 elected from Solapur City South, and between 1978 and 1980 elected from Solapur City North. Adam Master is known for leading a movement to ensure affordable housing through cooperatives and government funding, for impoverished workers living in slums in Solapur, under a CITU housing project and in association with the Democratic Youth Federation of India (DYFI). It led to the construction of 15,000 houses between 2001 and 2018, and the eventual release of funding for 30,000 more afterwards. Prior to joining politics, he was a teacher of Mathematics due to which he became popularly known as "Master".
Adam Narsayya had extended support to Praniti Shinde who contested and won from Solapur in the 2024 general election and was promised support for his candidacy from Solapur City Central in the upcoming state election from the Indian National Congress. The party rescinded on its promise and has led to a contest between INC and him from the CPI(M) in Solapur City Central with him contesting his last election due to age.
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 834

United Nations Security Council resolution 834, adopted unanimously on 1 June 1993, after reaffirming resolutions 696 (1991), 747 (1992), 785 (1992), 793 (1992), 804 (1993), 811 (1993) and 823 (1993), the council indicated its concern at the deteriorating political, military and humanitarian situation in Angola and extended the mandate of the United Nations Angola Verification Mission II (UNAVEM II) for a period of 45 days ending 15 July 1993.
The talks between the country and the rebel group UNITA in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, had failed and a ceasefire was not established. The council supported the Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali's efforts to bring about an end to the crisis, stressing the importance of the United Nations presence to push forward the peace process.
After extending the mandate of UNAVEM II until 15 July 1993, the resolution demanded that UNITA accept the outcome of the elections in 1992 and abide by the Peace Accords. The actions and attacks by UNITA were condemned and both parties were also urged to resume talks as soon as possible, noting that UNITA would be responsible for any breakdown of the talks. The council also called upon all countries not to provide UNITA with direct or indirect military support.
The security council welcomed the Secretary-General's steps to strengthen humanitarian efforts in Angola with all states, specialised agencies and non-governmental organisations were invited to contribute generously. Both parties were called upon to respect international humanitarian law, including not impede the access of humanitarian aid to the population, and to ensure the security and safety of humanitarian personnel. The work of the secretary-general and his special representative was commended after the establishment of agreed humanitarian corridors in the country.
Finally, Boutros-Ghali was asked to submit a report on or before 15 July 1993 on the situation and to make recommendations on the further role of the United Nations in the peace process. The security council reiterated its position that it would take prompt action on the recommendation of the Secretary-General to expand the United Nations presence in Angola.
# George W. Ray

George Washington Ray (February 3, 1844 – January 10, 1925) was a United States representative from New York and a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of New York.

## Education and career

Born on February 3, 1844, in Otselic, Chenango County, New York, Ray attended the common schools and Norwich Academy. During the American Civil War, he served as a private in Company B of the Ninetieth New York Volunteers, and as a brigade clerk for the First Brigade, First Division, Nineteenth Army Corps. He was discharged at the close of the war. He read law and was admitted to the bar in November 1867. He then was a farmer and in private practice in Norwich, New York. He was Chairman of the Republican county committee of Chenango County and was a member of the Republican state committee in 1880.

## Congressional service

Ray was elected as a Republican from New York's 21st congressional district to the United States House of Representatives of the 48th United States Congress, serving from March 4, 1883, to March 3, 1885. Following his first term in Congress, he was a member of the board of education of Norwich Academy and Union Free School. He was elected from New York's 26th congressional district to the United States House of Representatives of the 52nd United States Congress and to the five succeeding Congresses and served from March 4, 1891, to September 11, 1902. He was Chairman of the Committee on Levees and Improvements of the Mississippi River in the 54th United States Congress, Chairman of the Committee on Invalid Pensions in the 55th United States Congress and Chairman of the Committee on the Judiciary in the 56th and 57th United States Congresses. He resigned from Congress to accept a federal judgeship.

## Federal judicial service

Ray received a recess appointment from President Theodore Roosevelt on September 12, 1902, to a seat on the United States District Court for the Northern District of New York vacated by Judge Alfred Conkling Coxe Sr. He was nominated to the same position by President Roosevelt on December 2, 1902. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on December 8, 1902, and received his commission the same day. On or about April 29, 1920, President Woodrow Wilson certified Ray involuntarily as disabled in accordance with the act of February 25, 1919, 40 Stat. 1156, which entitled the President to appoint an additional judge for the court and provided that no successor to the judge certified as disabled be appointed. Frank Cooper was appointed to the additional judgeship. Ray's service terminated on January 10, 1925, due to his death in Norwich. He was interred in Mount Hope Cemetery in Norwich.
# John C. Knox (New York judge)

John Clark Knox (October 13, 1881 – August 23, 1966) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York from 1918 to 1966 and its first chief judge from 1948 to 1955.

## Education and career

Born on October 13, 1881, in Waynesburg, Pennsylvania, Knox received an Artium Baccalaureus degree in 1902 from Waynesburg College and after attending the University of Pennsylvania Law School, read law in 1904. He was an attorney with the Law Department of the Title Guarantee and Trust Company in New York City, New York from 1905 to 1913. He was an Assistant United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York from 1913 to 1918.

### Federal judicial service

Knox was nominated by President Woodrow Wilson on March 29, 1918, to a seat on the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York vacated by Judge Martin Thomas Manton. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on April 12, 1918, and received his commission the same day. He served as chief judge from 1948 to 1955. He assumed senior status on April 30, 1955. His service terminated on August 23, 1966, due to his death.

## Legacy

Knox wrote two books on his judicial service, A Judge Comes of Age (1940) and Order in the Court (1943).
# Arthur Loomis Sanborn

Arthur Loomis Sanborn (November 17, 1850 – October 18, 1920) was an American lawyer and judge. He was United States district judge for the United States District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin, appointed by President Theodore Roosevelt, he served from 1905 until his death in 1920.

## Early life and education

Born in Brasher Falls, New York, Sanborn moved with his parents to Wisconsin in 1857, settling in Lake Geneva. His father died when he was 11 years old, leaving the family in a difficult financial situation. To help the family, he went to work in a wool mill. He was self-educated, and, when the family moved to Elkhorn, the county seat, in 1869, he was able to obtain employment as a clerk in the office of the Register of Deeds. He began to study law and was elected Register of Deeds for Walworth County, serving from 1875 to 1879. In 1879 he entered the University of Wisconsin Law School, where he received his Bachelor of Laws the following year.

## Career

He formed a law partnership with former mayor Silas U. Pinney in Madison, where he would practice law for the next 25 years. Their partnership would endure until Mr. Pinney's election to the Wisconsin Supreme Court in 1891. The firm Pinney & Sanborn was involved in many important railroad cases in the state. During this period, Sanborn was also employed as a professor of law on the faculty of the University of Wisconsin, and served on the state board of bar examiners. Sanborn was the Republican candidate for mayor of Madison in 1890, but was defeated by city attorney Robert McKee Bashford. In 1893, Sanborn formed a new partnership, Spooner, Sanborn & Spooner, with former U.S. Senator John Coit Spooner.

### Federal judicial service

On January 6, 1905, Sanborn was nominated by President Theodore Roosevelt to a seat on the United States District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin vacated by Judge Romanzo Bunn. Sanborn was confirmed by the United States Senate on January 9, 1905, and received his commission the same day. Sanborn served in that capacity until his death on October 18, 1920. He was buried at Forest Hill Cemetery in Madison.

## Personal life

Arthur Sanborn married Alice E. Golder, of Elkhorn, on October 15, 1874. They had four children together.
Sanborn is descended from Lieutenant John Sanborn, an early settler at the Province of New Hampshire.

## Electoral history
### Madison Mayor (1890)

Madison, Wisconsin, Mayoral Election, 1890 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| General Election, April 1, 1890 ||||||
| | Democratic | Robert McKee Bashford | 1,454 | 56.71% | |
| | Republican | Arthur L. Sanborn | 1,110 | 43.29% | |
| Plurality | Plurality | Plurality | 344 | 13.42% | |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 2,564 | 100.0% | |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |
# Charles C. Simons

Charles Caspar Simons (May 21, 1876 – February 2, 1964) was a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit and previously was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan.

## Education and career

Born in Detroit, Michigan, Simons received a Bachelor of Laws from the University of Michigan in 1898 and a second Bachelor of Laws from the University of Michigan Law School in 1900. He was in private practice in Detroit from 1900 to 1923, also serving as a Republican member of the Michigan Senate representing the 2nd district from 1903 to 1904, a Circuit Court commissioner for Wayne County, Michigan from 1905 to 1906, and a member of the Michigan Constitutional Convention in 1908.

## Federal judicial service

Simons was nominated by President Warren G. Harding on January 31, 1923, to the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan, to a new seat authorized by 42 Stat. 837. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on February 6, 1923, and received his commission the same day. His service terminated on February 2, 1932, due to his elevation to the Sixth Circuit.
Simons was nominated by President Herbert Hoover on January 8, 1932, to a seat on the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit vacated by Judge Arthur Carter Denison. He was confirmed by the Senate on January 26, 1932, and received his commission on January 29, 1932. He served as Chief Judge and as a member of the Judicial Conference of the United States from 1952 to 1958. He assumed senior status on September 15, 1959. His service terminated on February 2, 1964, due to his death.
# Oliver Booth Dickinson

Oliver Booth Dickinson (September 25, 1857 – September 16, 1939) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania.

## Education and career

Born in Dayton, Ohio, Dickinson graduated from Bucknell University in 1877 and read law in 1878. He received an Artium Magister degree from Bucknell University in 1903. He was in private practice in Chester, Pennsylvania from 1878 to 1914.

## Federal judicial service

On March 31, 1914, Dickinson was nominated by President Woodrow Wilson to a new seat on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania created by 38 Stat. 283. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on April 28, 1914, and received his commission the same day, serving thereafter until his death on September 16, 1939.
# Frank Cooper (judge)

Frank Cooper (October 1, 1869 – July 16, 1946) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of New York.

## Education and career

Born in Glenville, New York, Cooper received an Artium Baccalaureus degree from Union College in 1893, and read law in 1895. He received an Artium Magister degree from Union College in 1896, and was in private practice of law in Schenectady, New York from 1895 to 1920. He served as corporation counsel for Schenectady from 1910 to 1913, in 1916, in 1917, and in 1920.

## Federal judicial service

Cooper was nominated by President Woodrow Wilson on April 29, 1920, to the United States District Court for the Northern District of New York, to a new seat created by 40 Stat. 1156. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on June 3, 1920, and received his commission the same day. He assumed senior status on September 30, 1941. His service was terminated on July 16, 1946, due to his death in Albany, New York.