OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Liam P. Hardy

Liam Patrick Hardy (born 1973) is an American lawyer who serves as a judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces.

## Education

Hardy earned a Bachelor of Science in Engineering, magna cum laude, in May 1995 from Princeton University majoring in mechanical and aerospace engineering, a Master of Science in aeronautics and astronautics in June 1996 from Stanford University, and a Juris Doctor, cum laude, in May 2008 from Georgetown University Law Center, where he served as the Senior Administrative Editor of The Georgetown Law Journal.

## Legal career

Upon graduation from law school, Hardy served as a law clerk to Judge Margaret A. Ryan of the United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces. He later served as a law clerk to Chief Judge David B. Sentelle of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia, and to Justice Clarence Thomas of the Supreme Court of the United States. Prior to joining the United States Department of Justice, he was a litigation partner in the Washington, D.C. office of Kirkland & Ellis. Hardy was a Deputy Assistant Attorney General for the Office of Legal Counsel. He also serves as a lecturer on law at Harvard Law School, and as an adjunct professor at Notre Dame Law School.

## Court of Appeals service

On May 6, 2020, President Trump announced his intent to nominate Hardy to serve as a Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces. On May 21, 2020, his nomination was sent to the Senate. President Trump nominated Hardy to the seat being vacated by Judge Margaret A. Ryan, whose term expired on July 31, 2020. On August 4, 2020, he received a hearing before the Senate Armed Services Committee. On September 15, 2020, his nomination was reported out of committee by a voice vote. On December 3, 2020, the United States Senate invoked cloture on his nomination by a 61–34 vote. His nomination was confirmed later that day by a 59–34 vote. He was sworn in on December 8, 2020.
# Luz Adriana Camargo

Luz Adriana Camargo Garzón (c. 1965) is a Colombian lawyer specializing in criminal law and criminology studied law at the University of La Sabana from 1997 to 2004 and served as an assistant magistrate in the Criminal Cassation Chamber of the Supreme Court of Justice. From 2014 to 2017 she was part of the investigative team of the International Commission against Impunity in Guatemala of the United Nations Organization where she worked alongside Iván Velásquez Gómez who was the chief investigator. On March 12, 2024, she was elected as the new Attorney General of Colombia, after being nominated by President Gustavo Petro, and took office on March 22, 2024.
# Gyro-Kopp-Ters Midnight Hawk

The Gyro-Kopp-Ters Midnight Hawk is an American autogyro, designed by Bob and Arden Kopp and produced by their company, Gyro-Kopp-Ters of Lake City, Florida. The aircraft is supplied as a kit for amateur construction or as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.

## Design and development

The Midnight Hawk features a single main rotor, a single-seat open cockpit with a windshield, tricycle landing gear with wheel pants and a four-cylinder, air-cooled, four-stroke, 90 hp (67 kW) Subaru EA-82 automotive conversion engine in pusher configuration. The engine is available with a belt reduction drive or as a direct drive version.
The aircraft mounts a 25 ft (7.6 m) diameter Dragon Wings main rotor made by Rotor Flight Dynamics, with a chord of 7 in (17.8 cm). Standard equipment fitted includes a hydraulic pre-rotator. The propeller used is a three-bladed Powerfin composite, ground adjustable with a 5 ft (1.5 m) diameter. The aircraft has an empty weight of 510 lb (231 kg) and a gross weight of 810 lb (367 kg), giving a useful load of 300 lb (136 kg).
The company estimates the assembly time from the supplied kit as 60 hours.

## Operational history

By November 2017 four examples had been registered in the United States with the Federal Aviation Administration.

## Specifications (Midnight Hawk)

Data from Bayerl and Gyro-Kopp-Ters
General characteristics
* Crew: one
* Length: 12 ft 1 in (3.68 m)
* Width: 5 ft 5 in (1.65 m)
* Height: 8 ft 2 in (2.49 m)
* Empty weight: 510 lb (231 kg)
* Gross weight: 810 lb (367 kg)
* Fuel capacity: 16 U.S. gallons (61 L; 13 imp gal)
* Powerplant: 1 × Subaru EA-82 four cylinder, air-cooled, four stroke automotive engine, 90 hp (67 kW)
* Main rotor diameter: 25 ft 0 in (7.62 m)
* Propellers: 3-bladed Powerfin composite, ground adjustable, 5 ft (1.5 m) diameter
Performance
* Maximum speed: 85 mph (137 km/h, 74 kn)
* Cruise speed: 50 mph (80 km/h, 43 kn)
* Never exceed speed: 120 mph (190 km/h, 100 kn)
* Rate of climb: 600 ft/min (3.0 m/s)
# Stratum basale

The stratum basale (basal layer, sometimes referred to as stratum germinativum) is the deepest layer of the five layers of the epidermis, the external covering of skin in mammals.
The stratum basale is a single layer of columnar or cuboidal basal cells. The cells are attached to each other and to the overlying stratum spinosum cells by desmosomes and hemidesmosomes. The nucleus is large, ovoid and occupies most of the cell. Some basal cells can act like stem cells with the ability to divide and produce new cells, and these are sometimes called basal keratinocyte stem cells. Others serve to anchor the epidermis glabrous skin (hairless), and hyper-proliferative epidermis (from a skin disease).
They divide to form the keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum, which migrate superficially. Other types of cells found within the stratum basale are melanocytes (pigment-producing cells) and Merkel cells (touch receptors).

## Clinical significance

Basal-cell carcinomas (basal-cell cancers), account for around 80 per cent of all skin cancers. Not all basal-cell cancers originate in the basal cells but they are so named because the cancer cells resemble basal cells when seen under a microscope.
In a growing fetus, fingerprints form where the cells of the stratum basale meet the papillae of the underlying papillary layer of the dermis, resulting in the formation of the ridges on the fingers. Fingerprints are unique to each individual and are used for forensic analyses because the patterns do not change with the growth and aging processes.

## Additional images

* Epidermis and dermis of human skin
* Section of epidermis
# Värnamo FK

Värnamo FK is a sports club in Värnamo, Sweden. The club won the Swedish women's national volleyball championship in 1970, 1972, 1973 and 1974.
# İleri

İleri (literally Forward), was a Turkish newspaper founded on 1 January 1918 by Celal Nuri İleri (1877–1938) and his brother Suphi Nuri İleri (1887–1945). It was initially published under the name Ati until 12 February 1919.
The newspaper supported the Turkish War of Independence. Articles written by modern Turkey's founder Atatürk were published anonymously by the newspaper. İleri became the voice of the Turkish national movement in Istanbul. However, in 1920, the newspaper's founder, Celal Nuri, was arrested by the English in Istanbul and sent into exile. The newspaper was published a total of 2436 issues until 2 December 1924. Publication was resumed by Suphi Nuri in 1944.
# Dackarna

Dackarna is a motorcycle speedway club from Målilla in Sweden who compete in the Swedish Elitserien. Their home track since 1993 has been the Skrotfrag Arena which was the venue for the Grand Prix of Scandinavia and is the current venue for the Speedway Grand Prix of Sweden. They ride in the Elitserien and are six times champions of Sweden.

## History
### 1935 to 1964

The team was founded in May 1935 as Målilla Motorklubb and in 1949 renamed itself Dackarna (in honour of Nils Dacke) and the club began league racing. The team raced at the Gamla Målilla Motorstadion but in 1956, the team rode their matches at the Växjö Motorstadion.
In 1957, Dackarna won division 1 and were declared the winners of the Swedish Speedway Team Championship for the first time; the team included Rune Sörmander and Dan Forsberg. They then dominated the championship by winning successive titles in 1958 and 1959 before claiming a fourth success in 1962. Riders like Sormander, Per-Tage Svensson and Åke Andersson were instrumental during this period.

### 1965 to 1996

Dackarna switched between the first and second league for the next 30 years until 1997. Despite a largely quiet period they did win five tier two titles in 1971, 1972, 1986, 1991 and 1995. Tommy Johansson also won the 1973 Swedish title as a Dackarna rider. In 1992, the Gamla Målilla Motorstadion was demolished and a new Målilla Motorstadion opened on 29 June 1993 and Dackarna would become the resident speedway team.

### 1997 to 2005

When the team received the backing of a major new sponsor (Svelux) and were renamed Team Svelux in 1997. Svelux were taken over by Luxo in 2002 and the team name was changed to Luxo Stars.

### 2006 to present

In 2006, the sponsorship deal expired and the team name reverted to Dackarna. Success soon returned to Dackarna when they won the 2007 Elitserien, after defeating Västervik in the play-off final. The team included Andreas Jonsson, Freddie Lindgren, Hans Andersen and Peter Karlsson.
In 2021, Dackarna became Swedish champions for the sixth time, after defeating Smederna in Eskilstuna. The team included Tai Woffinden, Jason Doyle, Maciej Janowski and Jacob Thorssell.

## Smålänningarna and Team Dalej

Smålänningarna and Team Dalej compete in the tiers below the Elitserien and were a collaboration between Dackarna and Lejonen allowing less senior riders the opportunity to race. The collaboration ran from 2020 and the Smålänningarna name came from and old team that had riders from Småland.

## Notable riders

* Hans Andersen
* Åke Andersson
* Stefan Andersson
* Jason Doyle
* Dan Forsberg
* Maciej Janowski
* Tommy Johansson
* Andreas Jonsson
* Peter Karlsson
* Anders Kling
* Freddie Lindgren
* Rune Sörmander
* Per-Tage Svensson
* Jacob Thorssell
* Tai Woffinden
# Doug Peltz

Doug Peltz, popularly known as Mystery Doug, is an American science communicator and entrepreneur based in San Francisco. He is best known as the co-founder of the popular science curriculum Mystery Science, a science program used in 50% of U.S. elementary schools and recently acquired by Discovery Education. Mystery Science answers questions that viewers ask through activities and experiments.

## Career

One of the first sightings of the Mediterranean red bug in North America was recorded by Peltz, who was then working as a middle school science teacher.
In 2013, he co-founded the Mystery Science curriculum program with Keith Schacht. Interviews with Y Combinator, one their investors, detailed an unconventional business model in which the company sold to schools and districts across the United States without a sales team.
In October 2017, he launched an initiative titled Eclipse America in which Mystery Science partnered with Google to provide free eclipse glasses and lessons to teachers in classrooms. Peltz's business endeavors have been featured by the Wall Street Journal.
In October 2020, Peltz joined Discovery Education as Mystery Science became a wholly owned subsidiary; Mystery Science was acquired for $140 million. The science program is now used in more than 50% of elementary schools.
# Aortic nipple sign

The aortic nipple sign is a radiologic sign that describes the appearance of the left superior intercostal vein on chest radiography. The left superior intercostal vein is located next to the aortic arch, appearing on radiographs as a small mass (or "nipple") projecting from the arch. This sign is seen in a small number of individuals and may be mistaken for lymphadenopathy or a neoplasm. The aortic nipple sign may be helpful in identifying certain thoracic pathologies, such as pneumomediastinum, as it may change in size due to changes in intrathoracic pressure. Its appearance is also affected by changes in posture and vascular flow.
# Joy Zinto

Joy Jivankumar Zinto (born 7 August 1965) is a former international cricketer who represented the American national team between 1998 and 2002. He was born in India, and played first-class cricket there before emigrating to the United States.
Zinto was born in Ahmedabad, Gujarat. He made his first-class debut for the Gujarat cricket team in December 1984, aged 19, in a Ranji Trophy match against Bombay. An all-rounder who batted right-handed and bowled left-arm orthodox spin, Zinto was a regular for Gujarat throughout the rest of the 1980s. During the 1989–90 season, his last for Gujarat, he was also selected to play for West Zone in the Duleep Trophy. Zinto took two five-wicket hauls in Ranji Trophy matches – 5/102 against Bombay in January 1988 and 5/88 against Baroda in January 1989. He also recorded three half-centuries as a batsman, the highest of which was an innings of 85 made against Bombay in November 1986 (from eighth in the batting order).
After emigrating to the United States, Zinto made his debut for the U.S. national team in October 1998, in the 1998–99 Red Stripe Bowl (a West Indian domestic competition to which the United States had been invited as a guest team). In three matches, he failed to take a wicket, at the same time conceding 102 runs. Zinto next represented the U.S. at the 2001 ICC Trophy in Canada, which was the final qualification tournament for the 2003 World Cup. He appeared in all nine of his team's matches, and took ten wickets, which was the fourth-most for his team (behind Naseer Islam, Nasir Javed, and Donovan Blake). His best figures came in a match against the Netherlands, where he finished with 3/32 from ten overs, while he also took 3/34 against Papua New Guinea. Zinto's last international appearances came at the 2002 Americas Championship in Argentina, where he took four wickets from four matches (including 3/14 against the Bahamas.
# (309239) 2007 RW10

(309239) 2007 RW$_{10}$ (provisional designation 2007 RW$_{10}$) is a temporary quasi-satellite of Neptune. Observed from Neptune, it would appear to revolve around it over one Neptunian year but in reality, it orbits the Sun, not Neptune.

## Discovery, orbit and physical properties

(309239) 2007 RW$_{10}$ was discovered by the Palomar Distant Solar System Survey on September 9, 2007, with precovery images from 1988 (also taken at Palomar). At the time of discovery, this minor body was believed to be a Neptune trojan, but it is no longer listed as such. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory classifies (309239) 2007 RW$_{10}$ as trans-Neptunian object but the Minor Planet Center includes the object among centaurs. It moves in an orbit with an inclination of 36.2°, a semi-major axis of 30.18 AU, and an eccentricity of 0.3020. Herschel-PACS observations indicate that it has a diameter of 247 km.

## Quasi-satellite dynamical state and orbital evolution

(309239) 2007 RW$_{10}$ is currently following a quasi-satellite loop around Neptune. It has been a quasi-satellite of Neptune for about 12,500 years and it will remain in that dynamical state for around another 12,500 years. Prior to the quasi-satellite dynamical state, (309239) 2007 RW$_{10}$ was an L$_5$ trojan and it will return to this state soon after leaving its current quasi-satellite orbit. Its orbital inclination is the largest among known Neptune co-orbitals. It is also possibly the largest known object trapped in the 1:1 mean-motion resonance with any major planet.

## Origin

(309239) 2007 RW$_{10}$ is a dynamically hot (both, high eccentricity and inclination) object that is unlikely to be a primordial Neptune co-orbital. It probably originated well beyond Neptune and was later temporarily captured in the 1:1 resonance with Neptune.
# Line 6 (Zhengzhou Metro)

Line 6 of Zhengzhou Metro (Chinese: 郑州地铁6号线; pinyin: zhèngzhōu dìtiě liùhào xiàn) is a rapid transit line in Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China. The line uses 6-car Type A trains.

## History
### West section of Phase 1

The West section of Phase 1 is 16.7 km in length with 10 stations, from Jiayu to Changzhuang. The section opened on 30 September 2022.

### East section of Phase 1

The 18-station, 26.4 km long section from Changzhuang to Qinghua Fuzhong opened on 30 November 2024.

## Opening timeline

| Segment | Commencement | Length | Station(s) | Name |
| Jiayu — Changzhuang | 30 September 2022 | 16.7 km | 9 | west section of Phase 1 |
| Jinzhenlu | 16 January 2023 | | 1 | infill station |
| Changzhuang — Qinghuafuzhong | 30 November 2024 | 26.4 km | 18 | east section of Phase 1 |

## Stations

| Station No. | Station name | Station name | Connections | Distance km | Distance km | Location |
| Station No. | English | Chinese | Connections | Distance km | Distance km | Location |
| 0649 | Jiayu | 贾峪 | | | | Xingyang |
| 0648 | Donglinhu | 洞林湖 | | | | Xingyang |
| 0647 | Donglinsi | 洞林寺 | | | | Xingyang |
| 0646 | Anning Lu | 安宁路 | | | | Erqi |
| 0645 | Mazhai | 马寨 | | | | Erqi |
| 0644 | Henan Jianyuan | 河南建院 | | | | Erqi |
| 0643 | Jinzhen Lu | 金桢路 | | | | Zhongyuan |
| 0642 | Olympic Sports Center West | 奥体中心西 | | | | Zhongyuan |
| 0641 | Olympic Sports Center | 奥体中心 | 14 | | | Zhongyuan |
| 0640 | Changzhuang | 常庄 | | | | Zhongyuan |
| 0639 | Fengwan | 冯湾 | | | | Zhongyuan |
| 0638 | Lijianggou | 李江沟 | | | | Zhongyuan |
| 0637 | Wolonggang | 卧龙岗 | | | | Zhongyuan |
| 0636 | Tonghuai | 桐淮 | 5 | | | Zhongyuan |
| 0635 | Songhuai | 嵩淮 | | | | Erqi |
| 0634 | Daxue Zhonglu | 大学中路 | 7 | | | Erqi |
| 0633 | Huochetou Tiyuchang | 火车头体育场 | | | | Erqi |
| 0632 | Longxiu Gongyuan | 陇秀公园 | | | | Erqi |
| 0631 | Erligang | 二里岗 | 2 | | | Guancheng |
| 0630 | Erligang Dong | 二里岗东 | | | | Guancheng |
| 0629 | Fenghuangtai Nan | 凤凰台南 | | | | Guancheng |
| 0628 | Bolan Zhongxin | 博览中心 | 3 | | | Jinshui |
| 0627 | Yanzhuang | 燕庄 | 1 | | | Jinshui |
| 0626 | Yaozhai | 姚砦 | 5 | | | Jinshui |
| 0625 | Jinhuiqiao | 金汇桥 | | | | Jinshui |
| 0624 | Xiaoying | 小营 | 8 | | | Jinshui |
| 0623 | Jinrongdao Xi | 金融岛西 | | | | Jinshui |
| 0622 | Qinghua Fuzhong | 清华附中 | 4 | | | Jinshui |
# Folnegovićevo naselje

Folnegovićevo naselje is a neighbourhood in the southeast of Zagreb, Croatia, within the Peščenica – Žitnjak district. The area of the local city council of Folnegovićevo naselje has a population of 2,873 (census 2021).
The area of the local city council of "Janko Matko" has a population of 1,150 (census 2021).
The area started to be built largely after World War II.
The two local councils organize a yearly cultural manifestation 'Dani Folke' (Folka days, where Folka is a common name for the neighbourhood).
# (508338) 2015 SO20

(508338) 2015 SO$_{20}$ is an extreme trans-Neptunian object and extended scattered disc object from the outermost region of the Solar System, approximately 220 kilometers (140 miles) in diameter.

## Description

This minor planet was first observed as 2010 TF$_{182}$ on 8 October 2010, by American astronomer Megan Schwamb at ESO's La Silla Observatory in northern Chile. It has also been observed as 2015 SO$_{20}$ during the Calar Alto TNO Survey (Z79) at the Calar Alto Observatory, Spain, on 20 September 2015.
It orbits the Sun at a distance of 33.2–290.1 AU once every 2054 years and 9 months (semi-major axis of 161 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.79 and an inclination of 23° with respect to the ecliptic.

### Extended scattered disc

It is one a small number of detached objects with perihelion distances of 30 AU or more, and semi-major axes of 150 AU or more. Such objects can not reach such orbits without some perturbing object, which lead to the speculation of planet nine.

### Physical characteristics

Based on an absolute magnitude of 6.5 and an assumed albedo of 0.09, the Johnston's Archive calculated a mean-diameter of 222 kilometers. Michael Brown estimates an albedo of 0.08 with a diameter of 221 kilometers using an absolute magnitude of 6.7. He also considers it a dwarf-planet candidate with a low probability ("possible").
# Pam Ling

Pam Ling (born April 21, 1968) is an American physician and television personality, best known as a castmate on The Real World: San Francisco, the third season of MTV's long-running reality television show.

## On the Real World

On the show, Ling was a Phi Beta Kappa member from Harvard, an overachiever, and in her third year of medical school. In the first few weeks of their stay in the house, she was finishing up a difficult rotation. Like castmate Mohammed Bilal, she was one of the more calm and low-key roommates, and was one of the last roommates that Puck would agree to talk to during conflict resolutions with the rest of the house. She became close with castmates Pedro Zamora and Judd Winick, and the three became inseparable, with Cory joining them halfway through their stay in San Francisco.
She attempted to maintain a long-distance relationship with her then-boyfriend Chris, and the roommates surprised her by having him visit San Francisco on her birthday, putting on a mock presentation of This Is Your Life, with a tuxedo-wearing Winick as the announcer, and her boyfriend as the final person to appear. Unbeknownst to anyone, Winick had developed feelings of his own for Ling, and after she would get home late at night from work and fall asleep with a book across her lap and a pen in her hand, Winick would turn off her bedside lamp, put the book away and cover her up. Ling and Winick supported Zamora by attending his lectures whenever they could.

## After the Real World

After the show ended, Ling and Chris broke up, while her and Winick's relationship moved beyond friendship. They visited Zamora in his hometown of Miami as he was hospitalized and their feelings deepened during their visits. On November 11, 1994, the day after the last San Francisco "Real World" episode aired, Zamora died. Ling and Winick began dating in 1995 and moved in together. They announced their relationship at a Real World Reunion Special which brought together the casts of the first four seasons. After dating for five years, Winick proposed to Ling with a cartoon he made for the occasion, and which he presented to her while wearing a gorilla suit. The cartoon presented Ling with two choices to answer his proposal. After she accepted his proposal, he summoned three singing Elvis Presley impersonators. Winick and Ling married in a civil ceremony on August 26, 2001. Writer Armistead Maupin spoke at their ceremony. As of 2008, they have two children.
The couple continues Pedro Zamora's work in AIDS education. Ling completed her residency in primary care at the University of California, San Francisco in 1999, and entered into an AIDS-research fellowship. She currently specializes in HIV/AIDS research. Her husband lectures about AIDS and wrote a book about the life of Zamora entitled Pedro and Me (2000).

## In popular culture

In Pedro, Nick Oceano's 2008 film dramatizing Pedro Zamora's life, Ling is portrayed by Jenn Liu. Ling and Winnick can be seen in a cameo in a scene in which Jenn Liu and Alex Loynaz, as Ling and Zamora, are meeting up on a set of stairs.