OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Oath crisis

The Oath crisis (Polish: Kryzys przysięgowy; German: Eidkrise) was a World War I political conflict between the Imperial German Army command and the Józef Piłsudski-led Polish Legions.
Initially supporting the Central Powers against Imperial Russia, Piłsudski hoped for the defeat of one of the partitioning powers—Russia—with the help of the other two partitioning states, Austria-Hungary and Germany. However, after the Russian defeat in 1917 it became clear that the Central Powers were in no position to guarantee the independence of Poland. Despite the Act of November 5th of 1916 and the creation of Kingdom of Poland, it was apparent that the newly created state would be little more than a puppet buffer-state for Germany, a part of its Mitteleuropa plan.
At this point, Piłsudski decided to switch allegiances to gain the support of the Entente, particularly France and the United Kingdom, for the cause of Polish independence. A good pretext appeared in July 1917, when the Central Powers demanded that the soldiers of the Polish Legions swear allegiance and obedience to the Emperor Wilhelm II of Germany. Persuaded by Piłsudski, the majority of the soldiers of the 1st and 3rd Brigades of the Legions declined to take the oath. In the end, soldiers who were citizens of Austrian Empire (roughly 3,000) were then forcibly drafted into the Austro-Hungarian Army, demoted to the rank of private and sent to the Italian Front, while those born in other parts of occupied Poland were interned in prisoner of war camps in Szczypiorno and Beniaminów. Approximately 7,500 soldiers (mostly from the 2nd Brigade of the Legions) remained in the rump Polish Auxiliary Corps, part of the Polnische Wehrmacht. Piłsudski himself and his Chief of Staff Kazimierz Sosnkowski were arrested on 22 July 1917 and interned in the German fortress of Magdeburg.
In protest against the internment of Polish soldiers, the members of Provisional Council of State (the main authority in Kingdom at that time) resigned their seats, which led to full dissolution of Council. It was later replaced by the Regency Council.
# 1890 in Portugal

Events in the year 1890 in Portugal. There were 951,000 registered voters in the country.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Charles I
* President of the Council of Ministers: José Luciano de Castro (until 14 January), António de Serpa Pimentel (from 14 January to 14 October), João Crisóstomo de Abreu e Sousa (from 14 October)

## Events

* 11 January - British Ultimatum
* Creation of A Portuguesa, with lyrics by Henrique Lopes de Mendonça and music by Alfredo Keil.
* 30 March - Legislative election
* 14 August - Opening of Coliseu dos Recreios.
* 15 October - "Birth" of Álvaro de Campos, one of Fernando Pessoa's heteronyms.
* Establishment of the Niassa Company.

## Births

* 6 March - Francisco José Caeiro, politician (died 1956)
* 19 May - Mário de Sá-Carneiro, poet, writer (died 1916)
* 29 September - Maria Matos, actress (died 1952)
* 12 October - Luís de Freitas Branco, composer, musicologist, professor of music (died 1955)
* 20 October - Luís de Almeida Braga, writer, politician (died 1970)

## Deaths

* 2 April - António da Silva Porto, trader, explorer (born 1817)
* 18 April - Caetano da Costa Alegre, poet (born 1864)
* 1 June - Camilo Castelo Branco, writer (born 1825)
* 28 June - Józef Karol Konrad Chełmicki, general (born 1814 in Poland)
* 24 September - João Afonso da Costa de Sousa de Macedo, 1st Duke of Albuquerque (born 1815)
* João de Lemos, journalist, poet, dramatist (born 1819)
# Odysseus Velanas

Odysseus Velanas (Greek: Ὀδυσσεύς Βελανάς; born 5 June 1998) is a professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Eredivisie club PEC Zwolle. Born in Greece, he has represented the Netherlands at youth level.

## Club career

Born in Samos, Greece, Velanas subsequently joined the youth system of VV Jonathan after moving to the Netherlands at a young age, before he was later picked up by Utrecht in July 2013. Velanas made his professional debut in the second-tier Eerste Divisie for Jong FC Utrecht on 5 August 2016 in a game against NAC Breda. He played two matches for the first team in the 2017–18 season and otherwise played for Jong Utrecht.
After having had not played for the professional team in the first half of the 2018–19 season, he was sent on a six-month loan to second-tier Helmond Sport at the end of January 2019. Velanas suffered a thigh injury in his fourth league appearance in February 2019 and was sidelined for large parts of the spring. By the end of the season he made six appearances. On 1 July 2019, Utrecht announced their intention to extend his contract, an agreement which ran until the summer of 2022.
On 22 July 2021, he signed contract with NAC Breda for one year with an option for the second year.
On 7 July 2023, Velanas moved to PEC Zwolle on a three-year contract.

## International career

Holding both Dutch and Greek citizenship, Velanas has played for the Netherlands at under-17, under-18, and under-19 level.
# Málaga Public Health Committee

The Málaga Public Health Committee (Spanish: Comité de Salud Pública de Málaga) was a revolutionary organization that emerged after the coup d'état that gave way to the Spanish Civil War, between the Nationalists and the Republicans. This entity was in charge of managing all political and social affairs until the city fell to the nationalist forces.

## History

After the coup d'état on 19 July in Málaga, unions and workers' parties prevailed. Initially, a CNT-UGT defense committee was established, but within a few days an agreement was reached with the left-wing parties to create the Public Health Committee. All organizations were represented on the committee: CNT, UGT, IR, JSU, PCE, PSOE, FIJL and the FAI. Although, due to its implementation, it was mainly the CNT that directed it.
During the period of time that it was active, the committee managed the militias, created a popular court to judge military crimes, and created Control Patrols, among other actions. Its management was severely limited by the isolation that the central government subjected it to and the poor coordination that took place between the neighboring committees.
In February 1937, Málaga was conquered by Franco's troops, and the committee disappeared.
# Asaccus montanus

Asaccus montanus, also known as the mountain leaf-toed gecko, is a species of lizard in the family Phyllodactylidae. It is endemic to Oman.
Asaccus montanus lives at higher elevations on Jebel Akhdar and the Saiq Plateau, which are part of the Hajar Mountains in northern Oman. It has been recorded from 1,850 to 2,250 metres elevation. It has been observed on vertical rock faces, including cliff faces and large boulders in wadis. It has also been found in deep caves.
# Eboshi-dake (Aomori)

Eboshi-dake (烏帽子岳, Eboshi-dake) "Eboshi peak", with Eboshi being a Japanese hat, is a 719.6 metres (2,361 ft) high mountain in the extreme north of the Japanese main island, Honshu, at the northern end of the Ōu Mountain Range.
Its peak forms the boundary between the communities of Hiranai in the northwest, Noheji in the northeast, and Tōhoku in the south, all located in Aomori Prefecture.
A radio repeater was built on the mountain in 2007 for the three municipalities listed above to broadcast the following digital television stations: NHK, NHK Kyōiku, RAB Aomori, ATV Aomori Television, and ABA Aomori.
The mountain is a popular destination among casual hikers due to its gentle slope and its plant diversity a popular destination. Its north side is also accessible by a road.
# Schrader-Griswold Cottage

Schrader-Griswold Cottage is a historic cure cottage located at Saranac Lake in the town of Harrietstown, Franklin County, New York. It was built around 1905 and is a 2+1⁄2-story, gable-roofed, wood frame dwelling with clapboard siding in the Queen Anne style. It features a 2-story cure porch on half of the front facade and a 1-story verandah continuing across front and around the side.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.
# Zhang Yanquan

Zhang Yanquan (simplified Chinese: 张雁全; traditional Chinese: 張雁全; pinyin: Zhāng Yànquán; born June 13, 1994, in Chaozhou, Guangdong) is a Chinese diver of Hakka ancestry from Dabu, Guangdong. He competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the Men's synchronized 10 metre platform, winning the gold medal.
# Silverado High School (Mission Viejo)

Silverado High School is a continuation high school in Mission Viejo, California, United States. It is part of the Saddleback Valley Unified School District.
# 1891 in Portugal

Events in the year 1891 in Portugal.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Charles I
* President of the Council of Ministers: João Crisóstomo de Abreu e Sousa

## Events

* January - Rebellion in Porto
* 11 February - Establishment of the Mozambique Company.
* November - Opening of the Belmond Reid's Palace hotel, in Funchal, Madeira.
* Anglo-Portuguese Treaty of 1891
* Opening of the original line of the Funicular dos Guindais, in Porto.

## Births

* 21 January - Francisco Lázaro, Olympic marathon runner (died 1912)
* 29 January - António de Menezes, fencer (died 1961)
* 25 February - Alfredo Marceneiro, fado singer (died 1982)
* 11 October - Armandinho, fado guitarist and composer (died 1946)
* 28 December - António Eça de Queiroz, monarchist politician and agitator, government official (died 1968)
* Guilherme Rebelo de Andrade, architect (died 1969)

## Deaths

* 24 February - Miguel António de Sousa Horta Almeida e Vasconcelos, 2nd Baron of Santa Comba Dão, nobleman (born 1831)
* 11 September - Antero de Quental, poet, philosopher, writer (born 1842)
* 4 November - Francisco Gomes de Amorim, poet, dramatist (born 1827)
# Sergio Dellachá

Sergio Dellachá (11 November 1925 – 9 September 2006) was an Argentine equestrian. He competed in two events at the 1952 Summer Olympics.
# Pleasant Hill High School (Oregon)

Pleasant Hill High School is a public school in Pleasant Hill, Oregon, United States, serving grades six through twelve. The school served grades nine through twelve until 2009, when the Pleasant Hill School District closed the district's Junior High School because of declining enrollment and funding issues. The students were redistributed, K-5 going to the middle school buildings and 6-12 going to the high school buildings. The current high school building was constructed in 1961, and rebuilt in 2016.

## Academics

In 1984, Pleasant Hill High School was honored in the Blue Ribbon Schools Program, the highest honor a school can receive in the United States.
In 2008, 86% of the school's seniors received a high school diploma. Of 96 students, 83 graduated, nine dropped out, three received a modified diploma, and one was still in high school the following year.

## Athletics

The school's mascot is the billy goat and its athletic teams' nickname is the "Billies". Formerly the teams were known as the Hillbillies, but only for three years in the "Ma and Pa Kettle" movie era. An early publication of the school in the 1920s was The Goat's Gazette, showing that the original team name did refer to the goat, not "hillbillies."
In 1910, the basketball team went undefeated, beating the University of Oregon's second team as well as Springfield and Eugene high schools.

## Notable alumni

* Russ Francis, NFL player; Super Bowl Champion with San Francisco 49ers; member of Oregon State Sports Hall of Fame; national and world record holder for javelin, 1971
* Joe Freuen, trombone player in the Cherry Poppin' Daddies
* Everett W. Holstrom, United States Air Force brigadier general and participant in the Doolittle Raid during World War II.
# Quesna

Quesna (Arabic: قويسنا pronounced) is a city in Monufia Governorate, Egypt. It has an area of 49009 feddans (210 square kilometers).
The older name of the city is Qusaniya (Arabic: قوسانيا‎‎‎).

## Notable people

* Tamer Abdel Raouf
# Sinagua High School

Sinagua High School was the third public district high school in Flagstaff, Arizona. A part of the Flagstaff Unified School District, it opened in 1989 and was closed in 2010. Three other schools were also closed at the same time. The school's colors were royal blue and gray. The mascot was the Mustangs.

## History

In 1987 the board of trustees approved the groundbreaking of a third high school in Flagstaff USD. Sinagua HS was scheduled to take boundary areas from both Coconino and Flagstaff high schools upon its opening. There was a controversy over the selected name as some students called the school "Sin High".

### Closure

Sinagua's enrollment had remained steady for years between 960 and 1,070 students, but enrollment elsewhere, such as at Coconino High School, was falling. The Flagstaff Unified School District closed Sinagua and three other schools for a US $2 million cost savings; it also converted the Sinagua campus for use as a middle school to serve grades six through eight. Both schools received enrollment boosts, but Coconino absorbed the majority of Sinagua students in what was called "The Merge". Sinagua students at Coconino's 2011 graduation wore silver and blue tassels, and a class banner (a Sinagua tradition) featuring Sinagua blue, Coconino red, and purple was presented.

## Notable alumni

* Katie Pavlich (2006), conservative political commentator and news editor of Townhall.com.
# Gordon Bowker

Gordon Bowker is an American entrepreneur who began his career as a writer and later co-founded Starbucks with Jerry Baldwin and Zev Siegl. He was later a co-owner of Peet's Coffee & Tea and Redhook Ale Brewery.

## Biography

Following his father's death in World War II, Bowker was raised by his mother, Hazel Ringseth Bowker (1915-1991), in Ballard and Burien, Washington. His grandparents were Norwegian immigrants who took part in the Alaskan Gold Rush. He graduated from O'Dea High School in Seattle. From 1960 to 1965, Bowker attended the University of San Francisco, where he was roommates with Baldwin. Bowker dropped out eight credits away from graduation.
In 1968, Bowker wrote educational film scripts for a division of King Broadcasting while making freelance contributions for Seattle magazine. He met Terry Heckler there, and the pair formed the advertising agency Heckler Bowker. Bowker met David Brewster at the magazine, years later funding the launch of Brewster's Seattle Weekly and writing restaurant and hospitality reviews under the pen name Lars Henry Ringseth.
In 1971, Bowker, Baldwin and Siegl opened the first Starbucks near Pike Place Market. In 1984, Starbucks acquired Peet's Coffee & Tea. In 1987, Bowker and Baldwin sold Starbucks to Howard Schultz and a group of investors. Bowker then left the coffee business, but was later on Peet's board of directors from 1994 to 2008.
# Moledet, Israel

Moledet (Hebrew: מוֹלֶדֶת, lit. Homeland) is a moshav shitufi in northern Israel. Located in the Lower Galilee, it falls under the jurisdiction of Gilboa Regional Council. In 2022 it had a population of 1,082.
* Bnei Brit 1941
* Bnei Brit 1945
* Bnei Brit "silo" 1945
* Children of Moledet in 1950
# 1963 Dallas mayoral election

The 1963 Dallas mayoral election was held on Tuesday April 2, 1963, with incumbent Earle Cabell being re-elected with 66.6 percent of the vote. During this term of Cabell's mayoralty, President John F. Kennedy would be assassinated in Dallas on November 22, 1963. Cabell resigned as mayor on February 3, 1964, in order to run for Congress. He would go on to win the election and unseat Republican incumbent Bruce Alger.

## Results

1963 Dallas mayoral election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Nonpartisan | Earle Cabell | 41,115 | 66.56% |
| | Nonpartisan | Charles Sharp | 19,456 | 31.50% |
| | Nonpartisan | George T. Fox, Jr. | 1,198 | 1.94% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 61,769 | 100% |
# Homi Bhabha Medal and Prize

The Homi Bhabha Medal and Prize is awarded every two years, jointly by the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP) and the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR). The award, established in 2010 in honor of Homi J. Bhabha, consists of a certificate, a medal, an award of 250,000 Indian rupees, and an invitation to visit and to give public lectures at the TIFR in Mumbai and the Cosmic Ray Laboratory in Ooty. The award ceremony take place at the biennial International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC). The recipient is "an active scientist who has made distinguished contributions in the field of high-energy cosmic-ray physics and astroparticle physics over an extended academic career." The inaugural award was made in 2011 to Sir Arnold Wolfendale.
There are several different awards named in honor of the physicist Homi J. Bhabha — for example, the Homi Bhabha Medal (in five different categories) awarded by the Nuclear Fuel Complex of the Department of Atomic Energy of the Government of India.

## Recipients

| Year | Recipient | Institution |
| 2011 | Sir Arnold Wolfendale | Durham University, Durham, England, UK |
| 2013 | Heinz Völk [de] | Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany |
| 2015 | Thomas K. Gaisser | Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, USA |
| 2017 | Subir Sarkar | University of Oxford, UK & Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark |
| 2019 | Takaaki Kajita | Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), University of Tokyo, Japan |
| 2021 | Francis Halzen | University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA |
| 2023 | Samuel C. C. Ting | Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), USA |
# Fokker D.I

The Fokker D.I (company designation M.18) was a development of the D.II fighter. The D.I was also flown in Austro-Hungarian service as a fighter trainer aircraft under the designation B.III. Confusing the matter further, both the D.II and D.I arrived at the Front in German service at similar times, in July–August 1916. The main designer was Martin Kreutzer.

## Design and development

Similar to the D.II, the D.I was an unstaggered single-bay, or Einstielig equal-span biplane. The upper fuselage was initially parallel with the upper wing and was fitted with the 75 kW (101 hp) Mercedes D.I six-cylinder water-cooled engine.
Control was achieved using wing-warping. The wings were also tested in twin-bay (Zweistielig) form. To improve visibility, the center section was cut back and the wings were slightly staggered and the top wing raised slightly.
These improvements were retained, and the airplane was ordered into production with an 89 kW (119 hp) Mercedes D.II inline engine and a single synchronized 7.92 mm (.312 in) lMG 08 machine gun. The Austro-Hungarian B.IIIs, serialled 04.11 to 04.27, retained the Mercedes D.I engine, and some were armed with a free-firing Schwarzlose MG M.07/12 machine gun mounted above the centre-section.

## Operational history

Deliveries began in July 1916 and 90 D.I fighters were delivered to the German Fliegertruppen and 17 B.III fighter trainers to the Austro-Hungarian Luftfahrttruppen, eight of which were license-built by the Magyar Általános Gépgyár (MAG) in Hungary.
One Austro-Hungarian B III was experimentally fitted with a 119 kW (160 hp) Mercedes D.III engine. Another had ailerons instead of wing warping, and still another had long span, swept back wings.
Compared with aircraft in service at that time, such as the Albatros D.II and the Nieuport 11, this Fokker's design and performance were decidedly unimpressive, and further production did not take place.
The D.I was the basis for the Fokker D.IV.

## Operators
### Austria-Hungary

    Austro-Hungarian Imperial and Royal Aviation Troops

### German Empire

    Luftstreitkräfte

### Turkey

* Ottoman Air Force

## Specifications (D.I)

Data from German Aircraft of the First World War
General characteristics
* Crew: 1
* Length: 6.3 m (20 ft 8 in)
* Wingspan: 9.05 m (29 ft 8 in)
* Height: 2.55 m (8 ft 4 in)
* Wing area: 20 m$^2$ (220 sq ft)
* Empty weight: 463 kg (1,021 lb)
* Gross weight: 670 kg (1,477 lb)
* Powerplant: 1 × Mercedes D.II 6-cylinder water-cooled in-line piston engine, 89 kW (119 hp)
* Propellers: 2-bladed fixed-pitch propeller
Performance
* Maximum speed: 150 km/h (93 mph, 81 kn)
* Endurance: 1 hour 30 minutes
* Rate of climb: 3.33 m/s (656 ft/min)
* Wing loading: 33.5 kg/m$^2$ (6.9 lb/sq ft)
* Power/mass: 0.17 kg/hp
Armament
* Guns:
* D.I 1 × synchronised forward-firing 7.92 mm (0.312 in) LMG 08/15 machine gun
* B.III optional forward-firing 8 mm (0.315 in) Schwarzlose MG M.07/12 machine gun mounted above the centre-section
# Hélène Lam Trong

Hélène Lam Trong (born 1982) is a French documentary filmmaker. Her 2023 documentary Daech, les enfants fantômes (ISIS, the Ghost Children) earned her the Albert Londres Prize for an audio-visual work.

## Life and career

Lam Trong was born in 1982, to a French father and a Vietnamese mother. She has two children.
She earned her degree from the Institute of Political Studies in Toulouse in 2004 and later graduated from the School of Advanced Studies in Information and Communication Sciences at the CELSA Paris in 2006. In 2014, she helmed the documentary L’absente, maman est en prison (The Absent One, Mom is in Prison). In 2017, she took a stand against anti-Asian racism by creating the "Asiatique de France" music video alongside Frédéric Chau, Anggun, and other prominent French Asian personalities, generating considerable media attention.
Between 2018 and 2020, Lam Trong directed four documentaries aired on France 2: Joséphine H, Lilian Dubus et L'Enfant roux (Lilian Dubus and The Red-Haired Child), and Daech: les enfants du soupçons (ISIS: Children of Suspicion). In the documentary Réseaux de la colère" (Networks of Anger), she provided a voice for Thaïs d'Escufon and Joachim Son-Forget. In 2023, she directed the documentary Daech, les enfants fantômes (ISIS, the Ghost Children), produced by Fabienne Servan-Schreiber, earning a special mention from the Jury at the Justice Documentary Festival Paris and the Albert Londres Prize for an audio-visual work.

## Filmography
### Director

* 2023: Daech, les enfants fantômes
* 2020: Daech, les enfants du soupçon
* 2020: L’enfant roux
* 2020: Lilian Dubus
* 2018: Josephine H
* 2014: L’absente, maman est en prison

## Distinctions
### Awards

* 2023: Special Mention of Jury at Justice Documentary Festival Paris
* 2023: Albert Londres Prize of audiovisual
# Episkopeio

Episkopeio (Greek: Επισκοπειό) is a village located in the Nicosia District of Cyprus.
The church of the Apostle Andrew and all Russian saints is located near the village. The church is constructed in traditional Russian orthodox style. The construction of the church began in October 2015 and was finished on 7 July 2016 as it was performed in short terms. Its 5 domes, including the central one that weights 7 tons, were made in Saint Petersburg and were installed by Russian specialists. The church is the first and only Russian church in Cyprus that has gilded domes.

## Sources

* The church of the Apostle Andrew and all Russian saints (in Russian)
* Official website of the church of the Apostle Andrew and all Russian saints (in Russian)