OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Security Council of Belarus

The Security Council of Belarus (Belarusian: Савет бяспекі Рэспублікі Беларусь, Russian: Совет безопасности Республики Беларусь) is an interdepartmental body with a mandate to ensure the security of the Republic of Belarus. It considers internal and external affairs of the state with regard to the interest of maintaining security and defense. The Council was established upon the adoption of Resolution +1249 on 15 November 1991. The current Secretary of the Council is Alexander Volfovich.

## History

It was established on November 15, 1991, when the Supreme Soviet of Belarus approved decision No. 1249, which established a 14 member Security Council, which included the then Commander of the Belarusian Military District. In accordance with the 1994 Belarusian Constitution, the chairman of the council was the President of Belarus, in their position as head of state and Commander-in-chief. In 1997, the Security Council apparatus, headed by the State Secretary, was renamed to the secretariat.

## Powers

The Security Council's powers include:
* Submitting proposals to the President regarding domestic and foreign policies
* Coordinate activities of government authorities
* Put forward early solutions to prevent emergency situations

### Increased powers

In April 2021, President Lukashenko announced intentions to amend existing statutes for the emergency transfer of presidential power, making the Security Council the collective head of state should the President be killed. The Prime Minister would head the security council in place of the president. He signed the decree on 9 May, after the Victory Day celebrations. Justifying the decision, he noted that two-thirds of the council are civilians.

## Composition of members

It is currently composed of 20 people:
* President of Belarus
* Prime Minister of Belarus
* Chairman of the House of Representatives
* Chairman of the Council of the Republic
* Chairman of the Supreme Court
* Head of the Presidential Administration of Belarus
* State Secretary
* Prosecutor General
* Chairman of the National Bank
* Chairman of the State Security Committee of the Republic of Belarus
* Minister of Defense
* Minister of Foreign Affairs
* Minister of Internal Affairs
* Minister of Emergency Situations
* Chairman of the Investigation
* Chief of the General Staff
Viktor Lukashenko, the senior son of President Alexander Lukashenko, is also a member of the council (since January 2007), being the National Security Advisor.

## State Secretaries

* Viktor Sheiman (1994—November 27, 2000)
* Ural Latypov (November 27, 2000—September 12, 2001)
* Gennady Nevyglas (September 12, 2001—July 15, 2008)
* Yuri Zhadobin (July 15, 2008—December 4, 2009)
* Leonid Maltsev (December 4, 2009—December 5, 2013)
* Alexander Mezhuyev (December 5, 2013—November 4, 2015)
* Stanislav Zas (November 4, 2015—January 20, 2020)
* Andrei Ravkov (January 20-September 3, 2020)
* Valery Vakulchik (September 3, 2020—October 29, 2020)
* Alexander Volfovich (since January 26, 2021)
# List of United States political families (Q)
## List of United States political families

* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z
The following is an alphabetical list of political families in the United States whose last name begins with Q.

## The Quayles

* James Danforth Quayle (born 1947), U.S. Representative from Indiana 1977–81, U.S. Senator from Indiana 1981–89, Vice President of the United States 1989–93, candidate for the Republican nomination for President of the United States 2000. Husband of Marilyn Quayle. Father of Benjamin Quayle.
** Benjamin Quayle (born 1976), U.S. Representative from Arizona 2011–13. Son of James Danforth Quayle.

## The Quincys

* Josiah Quincy III (1772–1864), Massachusetts State Senator 1804–05 1813–20, U.S. Representative from Massachusetts 1805–13, Massachusetts State Representative 1821–22, Mayor of Boston, Massachusetts 1823–28. Father of Josiah Quincy Jr.
** Josiah Quincy Jr. (1802–1882), Mayor of Boston, Massachusetts 1846–48; candidate for Governor of Massachusetts 1856. Son of Josiah Quincy III.
*** Josiah Quincy (1859–1919), Massachusetts State Representative 1887–88 1890–91, Chairman of the Massachusetts Democratic Party 1891–92 1906, Mayor of Boston, Massachusetts 1895–99; candidate for Governor of Massachusetts 1901; delegate to the Massachusetts Constitutional Convention 1917; candidate for Attorney General of Massachusetts 1917. Grandson of Josiah Quincy Jr.
NOTE: Josiah Quincy III was also related through marriage to U.S. President John Adams and Massachusetts Governor John Hancock. Josiah Quincy was also son-in-law of Rhode Island Lieutenant Governor Samuel R. Honey.

## The Quinns

* John F. Quinn (born 1951), U.S. Representative from New York 1993–2005. Father of Jack Quinn III.
** Jack Quinn III (born 1978), New York Assemblyman 2005–10. Son of John F. Quinn.

## The Quirks and Williams

* Daniel T. Quirk (1903–1969), Mayor of Ypsilanti, Michigan 1947–53. Brother-in-law of G. Mennen Williams.
* G. Mennen Williams (1911–1988), Governor of Michigan 1949–60, delegate to the Democratic National Convention 1952 1956 1960 1964, candidate for U.S. Senate from Michigan 1966, U.S. Ambassador to the Philippines 1968–69, Justice of the Michigan Supreme Court 1971–83, Chief Justice of the Michigan Supreme Court 1983–86. Brother-in-law of Daniel T. Quirk.

## The Quitugua and San Nicolas family

* Ignacio P. Quitugua (1909–1973), Guam Territorial Legislator 1951–1953 1967–1969. Father of Franklin Quitugua.
** Franklin Quitugua (1933–2015), Guam Territory Legislator 1977–1991, Chairman of the Democratic Party of Guam 1979–1981, Speaker of the Legislature of Guam 1987–1989. Son of Ignacio P. Quitugua.
*** Michael San Nicolas (born 1981), Guam Territorial Legislator 2013–2019, U.S. House Delegate from Guam 2019–present. Grandson of Franklin Quitugua.
# Lussana

Lussana is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Costantino Lussana (1892–1944), Italian long-distance runner
* Filippo Lussana (1820–1897), Italian physiologist
# Maisonneuve Monument

45°30′17″N 73°33′26″W﻿ / ﻿45.50472°N 73.55722°W﻿ / 45.50472; -73.55722
The Maisonneuve Monument (French: Monument à Paul de Chomedey, sieur de Maisonneuve) is a monument by sculptor Louis-Philippe Hébert built in 1895 in Place d'Armes in Montreal.

## History

This monument in memory of Paul Chomedey de Maisonneuve, founder of Montreal, was unveiled on July 1, 1895, as part of the celebrations for the 250th anniversary of the founding of the city in 1642. In 1896, the imposing monument in the centre of Place d'Armes attracted many curious onlookers.
During the 1890s, a series of commemorative plaques was produced for the first time in Montreal, at the instigation of the Antiquarian and Numismatic Society, which took an active role in the project to build the Maisonneuve Monument. For its part, the Société historique de Montréal in 1892-93 had an obelisk erected in memory of the founders of Montreal. The Francophones and Anglophones of Montreal found common ground in the commemoration of the personalities of New France, with each cultural group highlighting its own heroes.
* Canadian Illustrated News (April 12, 1879), Projet Monument Maisonneuve by Louis-Philippe Hébert
* Place d'Armes monument by Louis-Philippe Hébert
* Paul Chomedey de Maisonneuve by Louis-Philippe Hébert
* One of the four mascarons by Louis-Philippe Hébert

## Statue Base

| Charles Le Moyne | Lambert Closse | Jeanne Mance | Iroquois |

### Bas-reliefs

| Gaston de Rentry, Pierre Chevrier, baron de Fancamp, Jean-Jacques Olier, and Jérôme le Royer de la Dauversière | Barthélemy Vimont conducts the first mass in Ville Marie on May 18, 1642 | Adam Dollard des Ormeaux in the Battle of Long Sault | Place d'Armes |
# Reed Fischer

Reed Fischer (born July 9, 1995) is an American long-distance runner who won bronze in the 10,000-meter race at the 2018 NACAC Championships. Fischer was later selected for the American team in the 2023 World Athletics Half Marathon Championship.

## Career

Fischer ran for Hopkins High School in Minnesota as a young athlete. He finished 10th at state before moving on to college, where he was a walk-on at Drake University.
At Drake, he became a factor for the Bulldogs in cross country and track. He went to the NCAA Division I Cross Country Championships in 2016, and the Outdoor Track Championships in the 10,000m during the 2016 and 2017 seasons.
He competed for the US in the 10,000 meters and won bronze in Toronto, Canada, during the 2018 NACAC Games. Lopez Lomong won gold and set the track record in the process.
In 2019, he took first in the Drake Relays 5,000 meters.
Fischer ran a 1:01:51 half marathon in Germany, placing 10th at the ADIZERO: Roads to Records competition.
At the 2021 Chicago Marathon, he finished 9th in 2:14:41. At the 2022 Boston Marathon, he was 16th in 2:10:54. He finished 10th in the 2022 New York City Marathon in a time of 2:15:23.

### 2023

Fischer was one of three Americans to compete at the 2023 World Athletics Road Running Championships, but he hurt his calf during the race and finished 53rd in 1:03:56.

### 2024

On February 3, 2024, Fischer finished 9th at the 2024 United States Olympic trials (marathon) with a time of 2:11:34.
On March 17, 2024, Fischer finished 5th at the New York City Half Marathon with a time of 1:03:06.
On April 24, 2024, Fischer finished 19th in the 10k at the ADIZERO: Roads to Records competition, with a time of 29:20.
On October 13, 2024, Fischer finished 11th overall and 3rd American at the Chicago Marathon, with a new personal best of 2:10:14.

## Notable marathon results

Results taken from IAAF Profile
| Year | Race | Place | Time |
| 2020 | US Olympic Marathon Trials | 97th | 2:24:48 |
| 2021 | Boston Marathon | 16th | 2:14:41 |
| 2022 | New York City Marathon | 10th | 2:15:23 |
| 2022 | Boston Marathon | 16th | 2:10:54 |
| 2024 | US Olympic Marathon Trials | 9th | 2:11:34 |
# Clymer House

The Clymer House is a historic house at 31 Clymer Road in Harrisville, New Hampshire. Built in 1932, it is a finely crafted example of Colonial Revival architecture, built in conscious imitation of an earlier form that might have occupied the same site. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.

## Description and history

The Clymer House is located in a rural setting north of the village center of Harrisville, on the north side of Clymer Road, a short stub road extending east from Tolman Pond Road. It is a 1+1⁄2-story wood-frame structure, with a gabled roof, central chimney, and clapboarded exterior. It is set on the stone foundation of an older house. The main facade is three bays wide, and faces west, toward a central barnyard surrounded by a cluster of outbuildings. It has sash windows on either side of a center entrance, which is flanked by sidelight windows. The door and windows both butt against the roof eave, a clear echo of how these types of houses were built in the 18th century. The interior is little altered since its construction, and includes a fireplace with paneled surround.
The house was built in 1932, and is a rare local example of a well-preserved Colonial Revival cottage. The accompanying barn is also from that period, and is like the house built on an old foundation. Other period elements of the property include a garage with batten siding and a small guesthouse. The entire complex has the feel of a traditional 18th-century hill farm, original examples of which are still found in the town.
# Coalmont Bank Building

The Coalmont Bank Building, also known as Sewanee Fuel & Iron Company Building, is an historic building in Coalmont, Tennessee, United States, that now serves as the city hall and local library.
Coalmont was created as a company town in 1903, operated by the Sewanee Coal, Coke and Land Company, which reorganized in 1908 as the Sewanee Fuel and Iron Company. The company built the Coalmont Bank Building in 1921 to house both civic facilities and company offices. A bank and post office were located on the first floor and the company had its offices on the second floor.
Located on Tennessee State Route 56, the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1991 as the Coalmont Bank Building.
# Operation Sunrise (Vietnam War)

Operation Sunrise was the first phase of a long-range South Vietnamese counter-offensive against the Việt Cộng (VC) during the Vietnam War. Launched with the United States in March 1962, the goal of the operation was to "clear the VC from an area 40 miles northwest of Saigon" according to contemporary U.S. government documents. Beginning in the Bến Cát District of the Bình Dương Province 35 miles (56 km) from Saigon, it grew to include the provinces of Tây Ninh and Phước Tuy. The concept of "strategic hamlets" was formulated as a part of Operation Sunrise, with the operation acting as a 'test area' for the Strategic Hamlet Program which developed from the operation. As part of the broader Hearts and Minds campaign the operation failed to have the desired impact. Despite the success in lowering the numbers of VC in the area, the local citizens were opposed to being removed from their ancestral lands. With 70 families voluntarily relocating and 140 more being moved by intimidation the willingness of families to move is under doubt. The US Agency for International Development provided $300,000 in compensation to the relocated families. U.S. soldiers' views on the hamlets were at times sympathetic, with General Thomas Bowen's collection of songs from U.S. soldiers of the time showing an empathy with the peasantry kept in hamlets.
The Strategic Hamlet Program's early fortified hamlets were not well defended, and over 50 of the hamlets were overrun by VC who killed or intimidated village leaders. South Vietnamese President Ngo Dinh Diem proceeded to sanction bombing raids on suspected VC-controlled hamlets. The air strikes were chiefly conducted by the Republic of Vietnam Air Force with some support from U.S. pilots. South Vietnamese light tanks then pushed into the hamlets to suppress any rebels left over. Although dozens of VC were killed, popularity fell as a result of the number of civilian casualties. This deteriorated popular support for Diem and led to growing peasant anger towards the U.S., whose Strategic Hamlet Program and complicity in the bombing campaign had damaged peasant life.
# Battle of Kanlı Geçit

The Battle of Kanlı Geçit took place between Turkish National Forces and the French Third Republic during the Franco-Turkish War. The battle began on November 1, 1920, and ended with a Turkish victory on November 9. The exact number of casualties are unknown.

## Background

French interest in the region was sparked by the Sykes-Picot Agreement in World War I, which laid out the partition of the Ottoman Empire after its expected demise. The agreement divided the Ottoman provinces outside the Arabian Peninsula into areas of British and French control, divided by the Sykes–Picot line. The agreement effectively gave Britain control of southern Palestine, Jordan, and southern Iraq, and additional small areas, and France got control of southeastern Turkey, northern Iraq, Syria and Lebanon.

## Battle

By November 1, 1920 various forces were scattered in national detachments within the town of Osmaniye. In the early hours of the morning, a large part of the French force advanced to Mamure railway station without encountering any resistance from the 1000 Kuva-yi Milliye militia fighters. French forces advancing in the direction of "the bell" met with resistance but continued to advance towards Kanlı Geçit, also referred to as "the Bloody Gateway." By noon, all French forces had reached the Blood Alley-Mamure railway line. Turkish forces from Osmaniye were able to retreat to Yarpuz, 20 km away. Turkish Forces from Ceyhan retreated to the northern bank of the Ceyhan River with a portion of the platoon beginning to move towards Kadirli.
French forces north of the Ceyhan Rivers and east of the starting offensive received intense fire from Turkish forces. Firing continued against French forces east of the Ceyhan River, resulting in heavy casualties. As a result French forces there were repelled.

## After the Battle

The next day, French forces continuing to collect at "Blood Alley-Mamure", while Turkish troops consolidated at the "Blood Alley zone", along with 500 Kadirli platoon commanded by "Aydınoğlu Mr. Flood". Attacks ceased until the morning of November 8, when the French began to fire on Turkish forces. Turkish forces were also attacked by French aircraft passing overhead. During this early morning attack, the French captured the high positions of the Turkish forces, but by evening these positions were taken back. During this attack the French managed to occupy a hill, where they spent the night.
The following morning, November 9, the French began an extensive and intense offensive against the Turkish Forces in Kabaktepe. This continued until the evening. At 12:00am on November 10, French forces in Kabaktepe were seized and their captured territory had been reduced to "Islahiye Hasanbeyli, Square-i Ekbez" and "Gaziantep-Kilis."
# Sonora River

Río Sonora (Sonora River) is a 402-kilometer-long river of Mexico. It lies on the Pacific slope of the Mexican state of Sonora and it runs into the Gulf of California.

## Watershed

The Sonora River watershed covers 10,040 square miles (26,000 km$^2$) of public land. Slopes range from steep orientations in the upper part of the watershed to more gradual topographies in the valleys. The Sonora River watershed is subdivided into six smaller watersheds.

## Ecology

Biotic communities found within the watershed in order of importance by the area covered are the Sinaloan thornscrub, the plains of Sonora subdivision, semidesert grasslands, the Madrean evergreen woodland, and the central gulf coast subdivision. Average annual precipitation is 375 millimetres (14.8 in) which occurs in two seasons, late summer-early fall and winter-early spring.
Physician naturalist Edgar Alexander Mearns' 1907 report of beaver (Castor canadensis) on the Sonora River may be the southernmost extent of the range of this North American aquatic mammal.
# Ian Rapoport

Ian Rapoport (born January 9, 1980) is an American sportswriter, pundit, and television analyst who primarily covers the National Football League (NFL).

## Early life

Rappaport was born in Boston and grew up in Chappaqua, New York. He was a college rower at Columbia University where he majored in history.

## Career

Rapoport started his career for the Jackson Clarion-Ledger in 2004 covering the Mississippi State Bulldogs. He moved on to The Birmingham News in 2006 to cover the Alabama Crimson Tide. As reported on Pardon My Take ("PMT"), he applied for a job with the Boston Herald on the basis that he would cover Bill Belichick in the same manner he covered Nick Saban. After receiving the job, he served as a Patriots beat reporter for the Boston Herald for three seasons starting in 2009. Rapoport joined the NFL Network in 2012.

## Personal life

Rapoport is Jewish. He and his wife Leah, whom he married in 2009, have two sons named Max and Jude. Rapoport is a fan of the New York Mets and threw a ceremonial first pitch at a home game in 2021.
# Synthetic virology

Synthetic virology is a branch of virology engaged in the study and engineering of synthetic man-made viruses. It is a multidisciplinary research field at the intersection of virology, synthetic biology, computational biology, and DNA nanotechnology, from which it borrows and integrates its concepts and methodologies. There is a wide range of applications for synthetic viral technology such as medical treatments, investigative tools, and reviving organisms.

## Constructing de novo synthetic viruses

Advances in genome sequencing technology and oligonucleotide synthesis paved the way for construction of synthetic genomes based on previously sequenced genomes. Both RNA and DNA viruses can be made using existing methods. RNA viruses have historically been utilized due to the typically small genome size and existing reverse transcription machinery present. The first man-made infectious viruses generated without any natural template were of the polio virus and the φX174 bacteriophage. With synthetic live viruses, it is not whole viruses that are synthesized but rather their genome at first, both in the case of DNA and RNA viruses. For many viruses, viral RNA is infectious when introduced into a cell (during infection or after reverse transcription). These organisms are able to sustain an infectious life cycle upon introduction in vivo.

## Applications

This technology is now being used to investigate novel vaccine strategies. The ability to synthesize viruses has far-reaching consequences, since viruses can no longer be regarded as extinct, as long as the information of their genome sequence is known and permissive cells are available. As of March 2020, the full-length genome sequences of 9,240 different viruses, including the smallpox virus, are publicly available in an online database maintained by the National Institutes of Health. Synthetic viruses have also been researched as potential gene therapy tools.
# Rajpur Daghali

Rajpura is a small village in Sirmaur District, Himachal Pradesh, India. It is situated in the hills near Bhagani, at a distance of around 20 km from Paonta Sahib.
* Scenic View near Rajpur Dhagli
* Scenic View from Rajpur Dhagli
# Aigler Alumni Building

Aigler Alumni Building, formerly the College Hill School, is a historic building in Tiffin, Ohio, that was listed in the National Register on February 12, 1979. It is one of ten buildings on the Heidelberg University campus listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

## History

The building is named for alumni Allan G. Aigler, Class of 1902, who was a trustee of the university from 1926–1960. The Aigler Alumni Building was purchased by Heidelberg University from the Tiffin City Board of Education in 1961, and was outfitted for use as a classroom, office, and laboratory building. It had previously functioned as an elementary school. In 2010 the Graduate Studies Office, psychology, criminal justice and political science moved into the building when the School of Business moved into the newly remodeled Adams Hall.
# Caesar Reghini

Caesar Reghini (1581–1658) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Sarsina (1646–1658).

## Biography

Caesar Reghini was born in Pontremoli, Spanish Habsburg's Duchy of Milan in 1581. On 3 December 1646, he was appointed Bishop of Sarsina by Pope Innocent X. On 16 December 1646, he was consecrated bishop by Marcantonio Franciotti, Cardinal-Priest of Santa Maria della Pace, with Luca Torreggiani, Archbishop of Ravenna, and Ranuccio Scotti Douglas, Bishop of Borgo San Donnino, serving as co-consecrators.
He served as Bishop of Sarsina until his death in 1658.
# Helmut Vollprecht

Helmut Vollprecht (born 24 November 1941) is a German luger. He competed in the men's doubles event at the 1964 Winter Olympics.