OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Comb space

In mathematics, particularly topology, a comb space is a particular subspace of $\mathbb {R} ^{2}$ that resembles a comb. The comb space has properties that serve as a number of counterexamples. The topologist's sine curve has similar properties to the comb space. The deleted comb space is a variation on the comb space.

## Formal definition

Consider $\mathbb {R} ^{2}$ with its standard topology and let K be the set $\{1/n~|~n\in \mathbb {N} \}$. The set C defined by:
    $(\{0\}\times [0,1])\cup (K\times [0,1])\cup ([0,1]\times \{0\})$
considered as a subspace of $\mathbb {R} ^{2}$ equipped with the subspace topology is known as the comb space. The deleted comb space, D, is defined by:
    $(\{0\}\times \{1\})\cup (K\times [0,1])\cup ([0,1]\times \{0\})$.
This is the comb space with the line segment $\{0\}\times (0,1)$ deleted.

## Topological properties

The comb space and the deleted comb space have some interesting topological properties mostly related to the notion of connectedness.
* The comb space, C, is path connected and contractible, but not locally contractible, locally path connected, or locally connected.
* The deleted comb space, D, is connected:
    Let E be the comb space without $\{0\}\times (0,1]$. E is also path connected and the closure of E is the comb space. As E $\subset$ D $\subset$ the closure of E, where E is connected, the deleted comb space is also connected.
* The deleted comb space is not path connected since there is no path from (0,1) to (0,0):
    Suppose there is a path from p = (0, 1) to the point (0, 0) in D. Let f : [0, 1] → D be this path. We shall prove that f$^{−1}${p} is both open and closed in [0, 1] contradicting the connectedness of this set. Clearly we have f$^{−1}${p} is closed in [0, 1] by the continuity of f. To prove that f$^{−1}${p} is open, we proceed as follows: Choose a neighbourhood V (open in R$^2$) about p that doesn’t intersect the x–axis. Suppose x is an arbitrary point in f$^{−1}${p}. Clearly, f(x) = p. Then since f$^{−1}$(V) is open, there is a basis element U containing x such that f(U) is a subset of V. We assert that f(U) = {p} which will mean that U is an open subset of f$^{−1}${p} containing x. Since x was arbitrary, f$^{−1}${p} will then be open. We know that U is connected since it is a basis element for the order topology on [0, 1]. Therefore, f(U) is connected. Suppose f(U) contains a point s other than p. Then s = (1/n, z) must belong to D. Choose r such that 1/(n + 1) < r < 1/n. Since f(U) does not intersect the x-axis, the sets A = (−∞, r) × $\mathbb {R}$ and B = (r, +∞) × $\mathbb {R}$ will form a separation on f(U); contradicting the connectedness of f(U). Therefore, f$^{−1}${p} is both open and closed in [0, 1]. This is a contradiction.
* The comb space is homotopic to a point but does not admit a strong deformation retract onto a point for every choice of basepoint that lies in the segment $\{0\}\times (0,1]$
# Blade Runner Black Out 2022

Blade Runner Black Out 2022 is a 2017 anime short film directed by Shinichiro Watanabe and animated by Cygames Pictures. The short is one of three short films, (with 2036: Nexus Dawn and 2048: Nowhere to Run) that serve as prequels to the live-action film Blade Runner 2049. It debuted on 27 September 2017 on Crunchyroll.

## Plot

Three years after the events of Blade Runner, the Tyrell Corporation has developed the new Nexus-8 line of replicants. The models possess open-ended lifespans, like those of humans; unrest ensues. A replicant named Trixie is assaulted by human thugs, but is rescued by Iggy, a replicant ex-soldier who deserted after he learned that the enemy were also replicants. He recruits Trixie into an underground freedom replicant movement which sets out to sabotage Tyrell's database and internet tracking, so that replicants cannot be so easily hunted.
Trixie then befriends Ren, a sympathetic human technician in charge of launching nuclear missiles. He agrees to redirect a test missile to detonate over Los Angeles. This will black out the city and, with an electromagnetic pulse, wipe out all electronic data. Trixie and Iggy set out to physically destroy the Tyrell Corporation's servers. Trixie dies in the attempt but the mission succeeds—servers powering the internet are destroyed and power to Los Angeles is permanently disabled. Iggy escapes and removes his right eye, which can identify him as a replicant.
A global collapse follows in which all replicant production ends and Tyrell goes bankrupt. The Wallace Corporation acquires Tyrell and restarts production of a new model a decade later.

## Cast

* Jovan Jackson as Iggy Cygnus
* Luci Christian as Trixie
* Bryson Baugus as Ren
* Edward James Olmos as Gaff
# Momodou Ceesay (artist)

Momodou Ceesay (born 1945) is a Gambian visual artist and author.

## Early life

Momodou Ceesay was born in 1945, in Banjul, Gambia. Ceesay's early education was in Banjul, followed by scholarships and academic studies at Suffield Academy and Wesleyan University, Connecticut (USA). In 1970, he received a bachelor's degree with majors in languages and literature. He continued his studies in France at the University of Poitiers and La Sorbonne. For his studies of the French language, Ceesay received diplomas from each of these universities.

## Career

After graduation, Ceesay decided to become an artist. Essentially self-taught, he creates acrylics, watercolors, and serigraphs. In his printmaking, Momodou produces small editions by hand, without a mechanized studio. One of his earlier serigraphs entitled "Evening Works" was selected by UNICEF as one of their 1976 designs.

## Exhibitions

Solo exhibitions
* Goethe Institute, Lagos, Nigeria
* La Gruta Galeria, Bogota, Colombia
* National Museum of History, Teipei, Taiwan
* Theatre National Sorano, Dakar, Senegal
* University of Massachusetts Library, Boston
* Galerija Likovnih Samorastnikov, Trebnje, Slovenia
* Ille-lfe Museum, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Group exhibitions
* Gallery of Art, Howard University, Washington, D.C.
* Canterbury Museum, Christchurch, New Zealand
* Studio Museum in Harlem, New York City, New York
* ISC Art Gallery, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
* International Biennial of Color Graphics, Switzerland
* Museum of African American Art, Los Angeles, California
* Golden State Mutual Insurance Company, Los Angeles, California
* National Center for Afro-American Artists, Boston
* "Africa Now!", World Bank, Washington, D.C. (2007–09)
* "Voices of Courage", Freedom To Create Prize Exhibition (2010)
* Mojo Gallery, Dubai (2011): "As It Is! Contemporary Art from Africa & the Diaspora"
# Anatolij Kovtun

Anatolij Kovtun (31 December 1960 – 22 February 2005) was a Ukrainian basketball player and a member of the Soviet Union national basketball team. He won the Soviet championship twice, with CSKA Moscow and BC Budivelnyk Kyiv, and the Icelandic championship once with KR.

## Early life

Kovtun grew up in Simferopol where he started playing basketball.

## Playing career

Kovtun joined Úrvalsdeild karla club KR in 1989, under head coach László Németh, becoming the first Soviet player to play for an Icelandic team. With KR, Kovtun teamed up with American Jónatan James Bow, who was on a loan from Haukar, in the FIBA Korać Cup which was, according to FIBA, the first time an American and a Soviet player played together in the Cup. In the Úrvalsdeild, Kovtun averaged 16.9 points and 11.0 rebounds and helped KR to its first national championship in 11 years. During the summer of 1990, Kovtun was seriously injured in a car crash that killed his friend. After the accident, he was in a coma for six days and permanently lost the sight on one eye, effectively ending his professional career.

## Later life and death

Following his professional career, Kovtun ran a basketball school in Lviv in Ukraine and worked as a sports agent for basketball players. He died on 22 February 2005 at the age of 44.

## Personal life

Kovtun was married to Natalia Kovtun and together they had two daughters. His older daughter, Mariia Kovtun, played college basketball for Lamar University and Texas Woman's University, and professionally in Europe.
# Sannohe Tunnel

Sannohe Tunnel (三戸トンネル, Sannohe tonneru) is a tunnel on JR's Tohoku Shinkansen located between Ninohe Station (Iwate Prefecture) and Hachinohe Station in Nanbu town, Sannohe, Aomori Prefecture with total length of 8.250 km. It was built and completed in 2002.
# Kevin Lilly

Kevin Paschal Lilly (born May 14, 1963) is a former American football defensive tackle in the National Football League (NFL) for the San Francisco 49ers and Dallas Cowboys. He played college football at University of Tulsa.

## Early years

Lilly attended Memorial High School. He played defensive tackle and contributed to the team winning the 1980 state championship. He accepted a football scholarship from the University of Tulsa.

## Professional career
### San Diego Chargers

Lilly was signed as an undrafted free agent by the San Diego Chargers after the 1986 NFL draft on May 15. He was later waived and re-signed on August 11. He was released on August 25.

### San Francisco 49ers

On April 3, 1987, he was signed as a free agent by the San Francisco 49ers. He was released on August 28 and placed on the injured reserve list.
He was released four times and re-signed three times during the season. He turned down a chance to re-sign for a fourth time after being cut on December 13, but still received a ring and a full share of the playoff money after the team won Super Bowl XXIII.
He was signed on March 29, 1989. On September 14, he was released after the season opener to make room for linebacker Matt Millen.

### Dallas Cowboys

On September 18, 1989, he was claimed off waivers by the Dallas Cowboys. He was a backup behind right tackle Dean Hamel and played sparingly in the third game against the Washington Redskins. He was released on September 28.
# Paul Chalifoux

Paul Chalifoux is a politician and the former mayor of St. Albert, Alberta. He served two terms as mayor, first one having taken place from 1998 to 2001 and the second from 2004 to 2007.

## Career

Chalifoux's first attempt at winning elected office was in the 1968 federal election, when he ran for the Liberal Party of Canada in the riding of Pembina. He finished a distant second to Progressive Conservative Jack Bigg.
Before serving as mayor, Chalifoux was a city alderman and the assistant principal of St. Albert Catholic High School. In 1998, he defeated three-term incumbent Anita Ratchinsky in an election whose major issue was the alignment of the proposed West Regional Road. Ratchinsky favoured a road that would bypass the developed portion of the city to the west by crossing the Sturgeon River close to the mouth of Big Lake, while Chalifoux supported an alignment that would cross the river further upstream.
During Chalifoux's time as mayor, the road remained St. Albert's most contentious political issue. City Council approved Chalifoux's preferred alignment, by this time named Ray Gibbon Drive. In the 2001 election, Chalifoux was defeated by former mayor Dr. Richard Plain, who favoured the same alignment as Ratchinsky and proposed a plebiscite on the subject.
Chalifoux challenged Plain again in 2004, campaigning this time on issues other than the road, saying that "it [was] time to move on". He won narrowly. On May 22, 2007, Chalifoux announced that he would not seek re-election (and, in so doing, provoke a third consecutive electoral battle against Plain) and would instead seek the nomination for the Progressive Conservatives in the next provincial election. Some perceived this as ironic given his past candidacy for the federal Liberals and given that he had inadvertently implicated the City of St. Albert in a minor scandal when he attended a fundraiser for the Alberta Liberal Party at the city's expense, which violated provincial law. Chalifoux acknowledges that he has been a member of the Liberal Party at both the provincial and federal levels at various points in his life, but claims that it has been more than a decade since his last provincial membership expired. He was defeated on the first ballot by former aldermanic colleague Ken Allred.
Chalifoux is a member of the Rotary Club.
# Crimea (WWII game)

Crimea is a board wargame published by Excalibre Games in 1977 that simulates the Crimean Campaign during World War II.

## Background

In the summer of 1941, during Germany's surprise invasion of the Soviet Union, Axis forces attempted to invade the Crimean Peninsula and take Sevastopol, but were stopped by stiff Soviet resistance. The subsequent campaign would take eight months and result in thousands of casualties on both sides.

## Description

Crimea is a two-player board wargame where one player controls the Axis invaders and the other player controls the Soviet defenders. With only six pages of rules and 100 counters, the game has been characterized as "a short, simple treatment."

### Gameplay

The game uses an alternating "I Go, You Go" system where one player moves and attacks, then the other player moves and attacks. This completes one game turn.
Axis units are subject to step-reduction (each unit takes several "hits" before it is eliminated), but Soviet units are eliminated on the first "hit". Russian units can make amphibious assaults, but Axis units are solely land-based. Artillery has a range of two hexes. Armored units are stronger than infantry units, but otherwise operate identically in terms of movement. Units must stop when entering an enemy zone of control, but combat is not mandatory.

## Publication history

Excalibre Games published a number of relatively uncomplicated ziplock bag games in their World War II series "Panzer Battles and Sieges." One of these was Crimea, designed by R. J. Hlavnicka and Dennis O'Leary, and published in 1977.

## Reception

In Issue 50 of Moves, Steve List noted "The rules seem adequately written, but are distressingly casual in places."
In The Guide to Simulations/Games for Education and Training, Martin Campion evaluated this game as an educational aid for students in Grade 8 and up, calling it "a good game for take-home assignments since it has few complexities to confuse beginning players and is at least suggestive of the actual campaign."

## Other reviews and commentary

* Campaign #82
# Shino Matsuda (surfer)

Shino Matsuda (松田 詩野, Matsuda Shino, born 13 August 2002) is a Japanese surfer. She competed in the 2024 Summer Olympics in the Women's shortboard event reaching round 3.
# Yuka Sato (javelin thrower)

Yuka Sato (佐藤 友佳, Sato Yuka, born 21 July 1992) is a Japanese athlete specialising in the javelin throw. She represented her country at the 2019 World Championships without qualifying for the final. Earlier in her career she won a bronze medal at the 2011 Asian Championships.
Her personal best in the event is 62.88 metres set in Fukuoka in 2019.

## International competitions

Representing  Japan :
| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| 2009 | World Youth Championships | Brixen, Italy | 9th | Javelin throw | 48.14 m |
| 2010 | Asian Junior Championships | Hanoi, Vietnam | 3rd | Javelin throw | 48.46 m |
| 2011 | Asian Championships | Kobe, Japan | 3rd | Javelin throw | 54.16 m |
| 2019 | World Championships | Doha, Qatar | 29th (q) | Javelin throw | 55.03 m |
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 1670

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1670, adopted unanimously on April 13, 2006, after reaffirming all resolutions on the situation between Eritrea and Ethiopia, particularly resolutions 1640 (2005) and 1661 (2006), the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE) for a period of one month until May 15, 2006.

## Resolution
### Observations

The Security Council reaffirmed its support for the peace process between the two countries and the full implementation of the Algiers Agreement. It stressed that peace in the region could not be achieved without the full demarcation of the mutual border between Eritrea and Ethiopia.
Council members also reaffirmed their commitment to ensure that both parties permitted UNMEE to work freely and provide necessary access, assistance, support and protection during the course of its mandate; the demarcation of the border could not take place without UNMEE's freedom of movement, which had been under "unacceptable restriction".

### Acts

Extending UNMEE's mandate for a period of one month as a matter of technicality pending further discussions on its future, the Council demanded that Ethiopia and Eritrea fully comply with Resolution 1640. Member States were called upon to provide contributions to a trust fund established by Resolution 1177 (1998) and support for UNMEE.
The resolution noted that if the parties had not fully complied with Resolution 1640 by May 2006, the Council would review the status of UNMEE, including the transformation to an observer mission.
# Mogensen

Mogensen is a surname of Danish origin which may refer to:

## People

* Allan Mogensen, Danish orienteering competitor, winner of the 1993 World Orienteering Championship
* Andreas Mogensen (born 1976), first Dane selected as astronaut by the European Space Agency
* Annette Mogensen (born 1959), Danish footballer
* Børge Mogensen (1914–1972), Danish furniture designer
* Brock Mogensen (born 2000), American football player
* Carsten Mogensen (born 1983), male badminton player from Denmark
* Grete Mogensen, retired female badminton player from Denmark
* Gustav Mogensen (born 2001), Danish professional footballer
* Halldóra Mogensen (born 1979), Icelandic politician
* Hans Mogensen, or Mogenssøn (about 1525–1595), Danish priest
* Joëlle Mogensen (1953–1982), popular singer of French songs
* John Mogensen (1928–1977), Danish singer, song writer and pianist
* Thomas Mogensen (born 1983), Danish team handball player

## Other

* Mogensen-Scott encoding, a way to embed inductive datatypes in the lambda calculus
# Leonel Martínez

Leonel Martínez (born 18 September 1963) is a Venezuelan sports shooter. He competed in the mixed trap event at the 1984 Summer Olympics.
In October 2023, he qualified for the Paris 2024 Olympic Games, where he finished 28th of 30.
# George Read Sage

George Read Sage (August 24, 1828 – November 19, 1898) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Ohio.

## Education and career

Born in Erie, Pennsylvania, Sage graduated from Granville College (now Denison University) in 1849 and attended Cincinnati Law School, but read law to enter the bar in 1852. He was in private practice in Cincinnati, Ohio from 1852 to 1857, and in Lebanon, Ohio from 1857 to 1865. After a brief stint as a prosecuting attorney of Warren County, Ohio, he returned to private practice in Cincinnati from 1867 to 1883.

## Federal judicial service

Sage received a recess appointment from President Chester A. Arthur on March 20, 1883, to a seat on the United States District Court for the Southern District of Ohio vacated by William White. He was nominated to the same position by President Arthur on December 18, 1883. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on January 7, 1884, and received his commission the same day. His service terminated on August 24, 1898, due to his retirement.

## Death

Sage died on November 19, 1898, in Lebanon.
# Connally Findlay Trigg (judge)

Connally Findlay Trigg (March 8, 1810 – April 25, 1880) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee, the United States District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee and the United States District Court for the Western District of Tennessee.

## Education and career

Born on March 8, 1810, in Abingdon, Virginia, Trigg read law in 1833. He entered private practice in Abingdon until 1856. He was a town councilman for Abingdon starting in 1835. He was clerk of the Washington County, Virginia Court from 1838 to 1852. Trigg was elected to the Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1850, one of four chosen for the delegate district including his home Washington County and Smyth and Wythe Counties. A Whig, he ran for the United States House of Representatives in 1855, but was defeated by the Democratic incumbent, Fayette McMullen. He continued private practice in Knoxville, Tennessee from 1856 to 1861. From 1856 to 1861, he was in partnership with Oliver Perry Temple.

## Unionist

Trigg largely avoided Knoxville politics until the secession crisis intensified in the weeks following the election of President Abraham Lincoln. During this crisis, Trigg remained a steadfast supporter of the Union. In February 1861, he was one of Knox County's pro-Union candidates for the proposed statewide secession convention (voters ultimately rejected holding the convention). In May and June 1861, he was one of Knox's delegates to the Unionist East Tennessee Convention. He served as chairman of the convention's business committee, which was tasked with drafting a set of grievances and resolutions.

## Federal judicial service

Trigg was nominated by President Abraham Lincoln on July 16, 1862, to a joint seat on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee, the United States District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee and the United States District Court for the Western District of Tennessee vacated by Judge West Hughes Humphreys, who had been removed from office by the United States Senate on June 26, 1862, for siding with the Confederate States of America. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on July 17, 1862, and received his commission the same day. He was reassigned to serve only in the Eastern District and Middle District on June 14, 1878. His service terminated on April 25, 1880, due to his death in Bristol, Tennessee.
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 1675

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1675, adopted unanimously on April 28, 2006, after recalling all previous resolutions on the situation in Western Sahara, including resolutions 1495 (2003), 1541 (2004) and 1634 (2005), the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) until October 31, 2006.

## Resolution
### Observations

The Security Council reaffirmed the need for a durable and mutual solution to the Western Sahara problem, which would provide for the self-determination of the people of the territory. Both Morocco, the Polisario Front and regional states were urged to co-operate with the United Nations to end the political impasse and reach a solution to the long-running dispute.

### Acts

All parties were called upon to respect military agreements reached with MINURSO regarding a ceasefire. Member States were called upon to consider contributing towards confidence-building measures to facilitate greater person-to-person contact, such as family visits. The mandate of MINURSO was extended and the Secretary-General Kofi Annan instructed to report on the situation in Western Sahara. Furthermore, he was also instructed to ensure greater compliance with the zero-tolerance sexual exploitation policy among MINURSO personnel.
# Beata Maksymow

Beata Elżbieta Maksymow-Wendt (27 July 1967 – 9 June 2024) was a Polish judoka. She competed at the 1992, 1996 and the 2000 Summer Olympics. She died on 9 June 2024, aged 56.