OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1587, a Year of No Significance

1587, a Year of No Significance: The Ming Dynasty in Decline (Chinese: 萬曆十五年; pinyin: Wanli Shiwunian) is the most famous work of the Chinese historian Ray Huang. First published by Yale University Press in 1981, it examines how a number of seemingly-insignificant events in 1587 might have caused the downfall of the Ming dynasty.
The Chinese title, meaning "the fifteenth year of the Wanli era", is how the year 1587 was expressed in the Chinese calendar; it is the era name of the reigning Chinese emperor at the time, followed by the year of his reign.
Major figures discussed in the book besides the emperor are Grand Secretaries Zhang Juzheng and Shen Shixing, the official Hai Rui, the general Qi Jiguang, and the philosopher Li Zhi.
Although Huang had completed the manuscript by 1976, no publisher would accept it at first, as it was not serious enough for an academic work but was too serious for popular non-fiction.
The work has been translated into a number of different languages: Mandarin, Japanese, Korean, German, and French.

## Summary

The first chapter covers the Wanli Emperor's upbringing, especially his early ascent to the throne, his education under Grand Secretary Zhang Juzheng, and his early rule under the strong guidance of Zhang and the eunuch "Big Companion" Feng Bao. It covers traditions and rituals, including farming rituals and the morning audience, the regular functioning of the Imperial City and the government, and Wanli's marriage and romantic companions. The chapter ends with the death and subsequent condemnation of Grand Secretary Zhang for controlling the Emperor and the government for his own personal gain.
The second chapter focuses on First Grand Secretary Shen Shixing. Through his personal history, Huang illustrates that the typical career path to becoming a Grand Secretary was primarily academic, through the civil service exams and the Hanlin Academy, as opposed to government experience. The ritual of the Emperor's public study session is used to explain how the Imperial government relied primarily on personnel appointments and setting a moral example to inspire good conduct and good governance, as it did not have the resources to maintain order and legitimacy through military power or bureaucratic micromanagement.

## Adaptations

1587 was adapted into a play by the Zuni Icosahedron director Mathias Woo, which premièred in Hong Kong in 1999. The second production was in 2006, after Woo and the Towards the Republic screenwriter Zhang Jianwei (張建偉) had rewritten the script by adding a considerable amount of Kun opera and other elements. There was a third run in 2008.
# 1797 in architecture

The year 1797 in architecture involved some significant events.

## Buildings and structures
### Buildings

* Ditherington Flax Mill, in Shrewsbury, England, is completed; by the end of the 20th century it will be the oldest iron-framed building in the world and is seen as the world's first skyscraper.
* First Bank of the United States in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, designed by Samuel Blodgett, is completed (begun in 1795).
* Old City Hall (Lancaster, Pennsylvania) is completed.
* Hassan Basha Mosque in Oran is built.
* St Mary's Church, Banbury in England, designed by S. P. Cockerell, is completed.
* Palace of Shaki Khans in Shaki, Azerbaijan is built.

## Births

* May 3 – George Webster, English architect (died 1864)
* October 8 – Ludwig Förster, German-born Austrian religious architect (died 1863)

## Deaths

* February 19 – Francesco Sabatini, Italian-born architect (born 1721)
* October 4 – Anthony Keck, English architect (born 1726)
# Michel Amani N'Guessan

Michel Amani N'Guessan (born 1957) is an Ivorian politician and the current defence minister of Côte d'Ivoire for the Ivorian Popular Front (FPI).

## Biography

Born in Messoukro village in 1957, N'Guessan graduated from the University of Abidjan in 1984, with a specialisation in history and geography. He subsequently became a teacher and taught from 1985 to 1999, joining the FPI in 1990.
N'Guessan was appointed Minister of National Education in January 2000, during the military rule of Robert Guéï, and retained this post until April 7, 2007, when he assumed the position of defence minister.
# Harry Rehnberg

Harry Rehnberg (1910–1975) was an American chemist and businessperson most notable for being the founder of Halcon International and for inventing the revolutionary Halcon process.

## Early life

Rehnberg was born in Everett, Washington, November 21, 1910, the son of Swedish immigrants Alex Rehnberg and Helen Rehnberg.

## Education

He completed his degree in mechanical engineering at the University of Washington, Seattle.

## Career
### Austin Company

His very first job out of college was at the Austin Company, where he assisted in the design and construction of tanks.

### Manhattan Project

It was during World War II that he worked on the development of the atom bomb in the Manhattan Project at Oak Ridge, Tennessee.
It was in the course of his work on the Manhattan Project, that he met Ralph Landau, with whom he would go on to collaborate in many of his future business ventures.

### Halcon International

In 1962 Ralph Landau and Harry Rehnberg discovered a novel process - the Halcon process - for converting propylene intopropylene oxide. In the new process, hydroperoxides serve as a source of oxygen atoms, which are transferred to the olefin by metal catalysts. Propylene oxide is used in polyurethane foams and in rigid polymers. The side products of the reaction include styrene and tert-Butyl alcohol, which are also useful. The company reorganized in 1963 to form Halcon International, in preparation for expansion. Rehnberg was chairman of the new company, and Landau president. Five subsidiaries were created:
* Halcon Research and Development
* Halcon Scientific Design for design and construction
* Halcon Computer Technologies for computerized engineering services
* Catalyst Development Corp. for manufacture of proprietary catalysts
* Halcon Chemical Company.
# Lionel Harry Butler

Lionel (Harry) Butler (17 December 1923, Dudley – 26 November 1981, London) FRHistS MA DPhil was an academic and Principal of Royal Holloway College, University of London, (RHC) from 1973 until his death in 1981.

## Education and war service

Butler was educated at Dudley Boys Grammar School. From 1941-43 he did war service with the Royal Air Force (RAF). He then attended Magdalen College, Oxford, where he was an exhibitioner obtaining First Class Honours in Modern History in 1945.

## Career

He worked briefly as a lecturer at Magdalen and then as a research fellow of All Souls College, Oxford. In 1955 he was appointed the first Professor of Medieval History and later Vice-Principal of the University of St Andrews. He became the first male principal of RHC in 1973. Butler came to the college expecting to continue the expansion begun by his predecessor, Dame Marjorie Williamson. However, in his annual report for 1973/4 he stated: "We realised that [it]... would be a year of stringency with money in short supply.... The Government cuts in spending in December 1973 includes suspension... of compensation... for inflation, while rising costs... reduced the value of our grants."
In 1970 London University had set up a "Committee of Enquiry into the Governance of the University of London" chaired by Lord Murray of Newhaven with appointments by the university and also the University Grants Committee (UK). The "Murray Report" as it was known, covered all 34 constituent schools of the university and proposed "some kind of amalgamation" of schools for the purpose of economy in administration. By 1975/6 the resulting cuts had begun to threaten the quality of teaching, research, and the infrastructure. The incoming Conservative Government of 1979 cut another 14-15% from universities' budgets. This forced a reduction in staff by about 15% in 1981. A group of senior academics also concluded that the college could not survive alone, nor cover the academic range with reduced staff, and needed to combine with another of the smaller colleges. Before anything was finalised, Butler died suddenly on 26 November 1981 in London. Dr Roy Miller assumed authority in his capacity as Vice-Principal of RHC and later became the next principal.

## Personal life

He was the son of the late W. H. and M. G. Butler, of Dudley, Worcestershire. He married, on 16 October 1949, Gwendoline Williams, an author of novels and detective stories, the only daughter of Alice (Lee) and Alfred Edward Williams, of Blackheath, London. They had a daughter.
# 1667 in poetry

Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).

## Events

* April 27 – The blind, impoverished, 58-year-old John Milton seals a contract for publication of his epic poem Paradise Lost with London printer Samuel Simmons for an initial payment of £5. The first edition is published in October in 10 books and sells out in eighteen months (second edition, in 12 books, published 1674).

## Works published

* Nicholas Billingsley, Thesauro-Phulakion; or, A Treasury of Divine Raptures
* Charles Cotton, Scarronides; or, Virgile Travestie published anonymously (see also Scarronides 1665, 1665)
* Jeremias de Dekker (died 1666), Lof der Geldzucht ("In praise of avarice" - satire), Dutch
* Sir John Denham, On Mr Abraham Cowley His Death, and Burial Amongst the Ancient Poets
* John Dryden, Annus Mirabilis; The Year of Wonders, 1666
* John Milton, Paradise Lost
* Katherine Philips, Poems: By the most deservedly admired Mrs Katherine Philips the Matchless Orinda, published posthumously

## Births

Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:
* November 30 – Jonathan Swift (died 1745), Irish cleric, satirist, essayist, political pamphleteer, and poet
* John Pomfret (died 1702), English poet and clergyman
* Wali Mohammed Wali, also known as Wali Deccani and Wali Aurangabadi (died 1707), Indian, Urdu-language poet
* Ned Ward (died 1731), English satirical writer and publican

## Deaths

Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:
* May 2 (O.S.) – George Wither (born 1588), English poet and satirist
* May 14 – Georges de Scudéry (born 1601), French novelist, dramatist and poet; elder brother of Madeleine de Scudéry
* July 12 (bur.) – Jan Vos (born 1612), Dutch playwright and poet
* July 28 – Abraham Cowley (born 1618), English poet
* August 31 – Johann von Rist (born 1607), German poet, hymnodist and dramatist
# Lipman

Lipman is the name of:

## People with the surname

* Alan Lipman, American clinical psychologist and pundit
* Daniel Lipman, writer and producer from Baltimore, Maryland, United States
* David J. Lipman, American biologist and director of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)
* Elinor Lipman, American novelist
* Emma Lipman, English-Maltese footballer
* Esther Lipman MBE née Solomon (1900–1991), Adelaide, South Australia's first woman councillor
* Hymen Lipman (also Hyman Lipman), who first patented the pencil with an attached eraser
* Ira A. Lipman (1940–2019), American businessman and philanthropist
* Jacob Goodale Lipman, soil chemist
* Jonas Alfred Lipman (1877–1958), Australian stage and film actor, producer and director
* Joseph Lipman, Canadian-American mathematician
* Kirov Lipman, Latvian businessman and ice hockey executive
* Lori Lipman Brown, Nevada state senator
* Maria Lipman, Russian journalist and political scientist
* Matthew Lipman, founder of Philosophy for Children
* Maureen Lipman, British actress and comedian
* Mel Lipman, attorney from Nevada and father of Lori Lipman Brown
* Michael Lipman, English rugby union player
* Samuel Lipman (1934–1994), music and cultural critic, pianist, and co-founder (with Hilton Kramer) of The New Criterion literary magazine
* Ted Lipman (1953- ) Canadian diplomat and sinologist
* Wynona Lipman (1923–1999), the first African-American woman elected to the New Jersey Senate

## People with the given name

* Lipman Bers, Latvian mathematician & activist
* Lipman "Lip" Emanuel Pike, American home run champion baseball player
# Talua Theological Training Institute

Talua Theological Training Institute, formerly known as Talua Ministry Training Centre, is a Bible College in Vanuatu, run by the Presbyterian Church of Vanuatu. It is located near Luganville on the island of Espiritu Santo.
Talua was established in 1986 as an amalgamation of the Presbyterian Bible College on the island of Tangoa, and the Aulua Theological Training Centre on the island of Malekula. The name Talua comes from TAngoa and AuLUA.
Talua offers a Diploma in Theology course accredited by the South Pacific Association of Theological Schools, as well as a Bachelor of Ministry degree accredited by the Asia Theological Association.
In 2001, the enrolment was 67 full-time students. The college is residential, with all staff and students living on campus. As of 2018, the principal is Pastor Philip Baniuri.
Talua suffered extensive damage from Cyclone Harold in April 2020.
# Linjat

Linjat (Finnish), Linjerna (Swedish) is a neighborhood of the Kallio district of Helsinki, Finland. Its name literally means "The Lines" and comes from the five parallel streets named 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th Line (Ensi, Toinen, Kolmas, Neljäs and Viides linja (Finnish) / Första, Andra, Tredje, Fjärde, Femte linjen (Swedish)), which start at Hämeentie (Sw.: Tavastvägen) and run north-west, except for the much shorter Ensi linja, which starts at the southern end of Suonionkatu. The district lies to the north of Hakaniemi and Siltasaari and to the south of Alppiharju.
The boundaries of Linjat are the eastern shore of Töölönlähti Bay (west), Helsinginkatu (north), Kaarlenkatu and Viides linja, cutting Karhupuisto Park in half (east) and Hämeentie (from Viides linja to Toinen linja), Toinen linja and Porthaninrinne (south).
The area is served by the following public transport:
Metro Hakaniemi metro station's northern exit is at the junction of Porthaninkatu, Siltasaarenkatu and Toinen linja.
Tram Lines 3 and 9 run along Porthaninkatu, Viides linja and Kaarlenkatu, stopping at Kallion virastotalo (junction of Porthaninkatu and Toinen linja and Hakaniemi metro station northern exit), Karhupuisto (Viides linja) and Kaarlenkatu. In addition, lines 6 and 7 run along Hämeentie, stopping at Haapaniemi (corner of Viides linja). Also, tramlines 1 and 8 run along Helsinginkatu to the north of Linjat.
Tram stops Castreninkatu, Kuntatalo and Ensi linja are located at Ensi linja and Toinen linja. There is no regular traffic for them nowadays, but the tram tracks and the stops still exist. They can be used if the tram lines are on an exceptional route.
Bus Many routes leading to Vantaa, including the 615 to Helsinki-Vantaa Airport, run along Hämeentie, stopping at the Haapaniemi stop (from Helsinki: on the corner of Haapaniemenkatu; from airport: on the corner of Neljäs linja). Route 51 (Hakaniemi - Konala) runs along Porthaninkatu, stopping at Helsingin virastotalo tram stop, before continuing onto Fleminginkatu, Franzéninkatu and Kaarlenkatu. Routes 23 (Helsinki Central Railway Station - Ruskeasuo), 53 (Hakaniemi - Munkkiniemi) and 503 (Merihaka - Matinkylä (Espoo)) run along Toinen linja and Alppikatu, stopping at Kallion virastotalo, Castréninkatu (Toinen linja 25), Kuntatalo (Toinen linja 33) and Wallininkatu (Alppikatu 9).
Culture and education Kallio library is situated at Viides linja 11, just across the boundary in the Torkkelinmäki sub-district. Kallio Primary School (Kallion ala-aste) is at Neljäs linja 11–15. The Helsinki City Theatre (Helsingin kaupunginteatteri) is at Ensimmäinen linja 2.
* This Southern Finland location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
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# Michael Kahn (businessman)

Michael A. Kahn is an American businessman based in Charlotte, North Carolina. He is the founder and CEO of Kahn Ventures, Inc., which operates the 15th largest beer and wine distribution in the United States.
In June 2006, Kahn bought the Charlotte Checkers, a minor professional ice hockey team that played in the ECHL. In 2010 he brought the American Hockey League to Charlotte when he purchased and relocated the Albany River Rats, since renamed the Charlotte Checkers.
# Harvey baronets

There have been three baronetcies created for persons with the surname Harvey, all in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom.
The Harvey Baronetcy, of Langley Park in the County of Buckingham, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 28 November 1868 for Robert Harvey, member of parliament for Buckinghamshire. He was the son of Robert Harvey, High Sheriff of Buckinghamshire in 1828, illegitimate son of Sir Robert Bateson-Harvey, 1st Baronet, of Killoquin (see Bateson baronets). The title became extinct on the death of the second baronet in 1931.
The Harvey Baronetcy, of Crown Point in the parish of Trowse in the County of Norfolk, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 8 December 1868. When the 4th baronet succeeded to the title he had already been created 1st Baron Harvey of Tasburgh. As of 31 July 2012 no succession has been proven to the 5th baronet and the baronetcy is vacant.
The Harvey Baronetcy, of Threadneedle Street in the City of London, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 19 January 1933 for Ernest Harvey, Director and Deputy Governor of the Bank of England. The third baronet, Charles Harvey, does not use his title.

## Harvey baronets, of Langley Park (1868)

* Sir Robert Bateson Harvey, 1st Baronet (1825–1887)
** Sir Robert Grenville Harvey, 2nd Baronet (1856–1931) This baronetcy became extinct after his death.
*** Diana Blanche (b. 1897) married on 1921 Capt. Harold Harington Balfour, and had issue:
**** Ian (b. 1924)
*** Caroline Magdalen (Lady Oppenheimer) born in 1899.
** Major Charles Bateson Harvey (b. 1859- d. 1900 killed in action), married on 1891 Catherine Maria, who died in 1929, daughter of Rev. the Hon. James Walter Lascelles.
*** Sylvia (b. 1899), married on 1918 Rawdon S. Payne, sometime Lieut. R.A.F. from whom she obtained a divorce in 1928 and had issue:
**** Desmond Ludlow (b. 1920)
**** Michael Shears (b. 1922)

## Harvey baronets, of Crown Point (1868)

* Sir Robert John Harvey, 1st Baronet (1817–1870)
* Sir Charles Harvey, 2nd Baronet (1849–1928)
* Sir Charles Robert Lambart Edward Harvey, 3rd Baronet (1871–1954)
* Sir Oliver Charles Harvey, 4th Baronet (1893–1968)
* Sir Peter Charles Oliver Harvey, 5th Baronet (died 2010)
This baronetcy is dormant.
On his succession, the 4th baronet had already been created 1st Baron Harvey of Tasburgh.

## Harvey baronets, of Threadneedle Street (1933)

* Sir Ernest Musgrave Harvey, 1st Baronet (1867–1955)
* Sir Richard Musgrave Harvey, 2nd Baronet (1898–1978)
* (Sir) Charles Richard Musgrave Harvey, 3rd Baronet (born 1937)
The heir apparent is the present holder's son Paul Richard Harvey (born 1971).
# Lintneria aurigutta

Lintneria aurigutta is a moth of the family Sphingidae. It is known from Peru, Bolivia and Argentina.
The wingspan is 52–58 mm. There are at least two generations per year with adults on wing in March and again in December.
The larvae probably feed on Lamiaceae (such as Salvia), Hydrophylloideae (such as Wigandia) and Verbenaceae species (such as Lantana).
# List of publishing companies of Estonia

This is the list of publishing companies of Estonia. The list is incomplete.
| Name | Foundation year | Location (city) | Further info |
| Big Details | 2024 | | located in Tallinn |
| Absurdum Art | 2005-2010 | | Issued three books |
| Ajakirjade Kirjastus | | | |
| AS Äripäev | | | |
| Boreas | 1939- | | oldest Estonian publishing companies outside Estonia |
| Eesti Kirjanike Kooperatiiv | | | |
| Eesti Päevalehe Kirjastus | | | |
| Eesti Raamat | | | |
| Elmatar | 1990s-2015 | | located in Tartu |
| Estonian Communist Party Central Committee Publishing House | 1963 | | located in Tallinn |
| Estonian Encyclopaedia Publishers | | | Defunct in 2011 |
| Publishing House ERSEN | | | |
| Hea Lugu | | | |
| Ilmamaa | 1993 | Tartu | Issued Eesti mõttelugu |
| Ilukirjandus ja Kunst | 1940-1949 | Tartu/Tallinn | |
| Koolibri | 1991 | | published mainly educational literature |
| Kultuurileht Foundation | 1999 | | |
| Legend Kirjastus | | | |
| Loodus | | | |
| Loodusajakiri | | | |
| Maarjamaa | 1962- | | in exile, founded by Vello Salo |
| Noor-Eesti | 1904–1940 | | |
| Kentaur | | | |
| Nordic Press | | | in exile, USA |
| Raudwara | | | |
| Noria Books | | | in USA, to publish works by Estonian writers |
| Olion | 1989-2013 | | |
| Oma Press | | | outside Estonia |
| Orto | | | outside Estonia |
| Pegasus | 2001- | | |
| Perioodika | | | |
| Postimees Kirjastus | | | |
| SE&JS | 1992- | | |
| Steamark | 1997 | | |
| Tallinn Estonian Publishing Company | 1908–1940 | | in Tallinn |
| Tammerraamat | | | |
| Tänapäev | | | |
| Tartu Eesti Kirjastus | 1940s | | in Tartu |
| Teaduslik Kirjandus | 1940–1941 and 1944–1949 | | in Tartu |
| Ühinenud Ajakirjad | 1998- | | |
| Vaba Eesti | 1954-1975 | | outside Estonia |
| Varrak | | | |
# Microdontothrips

Microdontothrips is a genus of thrips in the family Phlaeothripidae.

## Species

* Microdontothrips argus
# 2019 Football Championship of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast

The 2019 Football Championship of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast was won by Skoruk Tomakivka.

## League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| 1 | Skoruk Tomakivka (C) | 22 | 20 | 0 | 2 | 67 | 10 | +57 | 60 | |
| 2 | Atrium Pavlohrad | 22 | 19 | 2 | 1 | 66 | 17 | +49 | 59 | |
| 3 | Druzhba Kryvyi Rih | 22 | 14 | 1 | 7 | 63 | 23 | +40 | 43 | |
| 4 | Avanhard Pokrov | 22 | 13 | 3 | 6 | 37 | 23 | +14 | 42 | |
| 5 | DniproAhro Synelnykove | 22 | 12 | 3 | 7 | 47 | 31 | +16 | 39 | |
| 6 | FC Pavlohrad | 22 | 10 | 3 | 9 | 41 | 42 | −1 | 33 | |
| 7 | Enerhiya Dnipro | 22 | 8 | 4 | 10 | 39 | 34 | +5 | 28 | |
| 8 | FC Lozovatka | 22 | 8 | 1 | 13 | 35 | 48 | −13 | 25 | |
| 9 | Lehioner Dnipro | 22 | 6 | 4 | 12 | 35 | 42 | −7 | 22 | |
| 10 | Penuel Kryvyi Rih | 22 | 4 | 2 | 16 | 19 | 67 | −48 | 14 | |
| 11 | Skif Dnipro | 22 | 3 | 3 | 16 | 22 | 75 | −53 | 12 | |
| 12 | FC Petrykivka | 22 | 1 | 2 | 19 | 24 | 83 | −59 | 5 | |
| – | VPK-Ahro Shevchenkivka (X) | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 3 | +9 | 12 | Withdrew |
* FC VPK-Ahro Shevchenkivka joined the 2019–20 Ukrainian Second League.
* In bold are clubs that parallelly participated in the 2018–19 Ukrainian Football Amateur League.
* Lehioner Dnipro also participated in the 2019–20 Ukrainian Football Amateur League.
# Hataya Castle

Hataya Castle (畑谷城, Hataya-jō) was a castle built in Dewa Province, Japan. It is located in the town of Yamanobe in the Higashimurayama District of Yamagata Prefecture. It was the location of the Siege of Hataya in 1600, during which the castle's garrison of 300 men led by Eguchi Gohei was besieged by a 20,000 man force led by Naoe Kanetsugu. The garrison was defeated after a short siege.

## Sources

* Turnbull, Stephen (2003). Japanese Castles 1540-1640 (Fortress). Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84176-429-0
* http://www.samurai-archives.com/uesugiret.html Archived 2019-09-30 at the Wayback Machine