OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Te Whāriki

Te Whāriki, or Te Whāriki He whāriki mātauranga mō ngā mokopuna o Aotearoa, is New Zealand's early years curriculum guideline. It is published by Ministry of Education, and has been recognised worldwide for its approach to early learning. The word Te Whāriki means 'woven mat' in Māori.

## History

Following the New Zealand government's introduction of a Curriculum Framework in 1990, they began developing an early childhood curriculum. A draft was released to early childhood centres in 1993, and Te Whāriki was published in 1996 as a bi-cultural curriculum following consultation with teachers. Schools were not sent copies of the 1996 publication, which some felt led to disconnect between the early childhood and school curriculums.
The publication was met with interest outside of New Zealand, with educators in Australia, Germany, Denmark, and Norway reviewing it while developing their own early childhood curriculum.
It was also criticised following its publication, around a lack of research to back up its principles. An update was recommended in 2015, and in 2016 a team of writers began working on a revised edition.
A revised Te Whāriki was published in 2017 by the New Zealand Ministry of Education. Helen May, Tilly Reedy, Tamati Reedy, and Margaret Carr had each contributed as writers of the original publication and returned to advise the revision. The 2017 publication sought to make links between early childhood and school curriculums more explicit, but upon its release it was criticised for a lack of consultation with the education sector and for changes in teaching methods.
For the 2017 edition, the Maori and English versions of Te Whāriki were separated into Te Whāriki: He whāriki mātauranga mō ngā mokopuna o Aotearoa and Te Whāriki a te Kōhanga Reo, with the later being the curriculum for children in Kōhanga reo. Both were included together in one publication.

## Content

Te Whāriki is a bi-cultural curriculum that sets out four broad principles, a set of five strands, and goals for each strand. It does not prescribe specific subject-based lessons, rather it provides a framework for teachers and early childhood staff (kaiako) to encourage and enable children in developing the knowledge, skills, attitudes, learning dispositions to learn how to learn.
The five strands of Te Whāriki are presented with dual English and Māori names. But due to different cultural connotations, the two names are not equivalents.
The five strands are:
* Wellbeing – Mana atua
* Belonging – Mana whenua
* Contribution – Mana tangata
* Communication – Mana reo
* Exploration – Mana aotūroa
# Mimosa verrucosa

Mimosa verrucosa, commonly known as jurema-branca ("white jurema") or jurema-de-oeiras, is a species of legume of the genus Mimosa, in the common bean family, Fabaceae.
It is a shrub or small tree native to Brazil (Bahia, Ceará, Paraíba, Pernambuco and Rio Grande do Norte). It has "near threatened" conservation status as a result of human‐caused deforestation in arid to semi-arid regions of Northeastern Brazil.

## Growth

The tree grows to about 2.5 to 5 m tall and has blossoms that are pink cylindrical spikes. The blossom filaments are pink and the anthers are cream colored.

## Uses

The wood of the tree is used for making charcoal, firewood and wooden stakes. The bark is used for medicine.

## Characteristics

Mimosa verrucosa has been proven to be a very important provider of pollen for Apis mellifera, the European honey bee.

## Chemical constituent

The tree contains the hallucinogen dimethyltryptamine in its root bark.
# Mimosaimia fruhstorferi

Mimosaimia fruhstorferi is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, and the only species in the genus Mimosaimia. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1971.
# Minervarya nicobariensis

Minervarya nicobariensis, the Nicobar frog or Nicobar cricket-frog, is a species of frog endemic to the Nicobar Islands of India. In the past it has been considered to be the same species as Fejervarya andamanensis from the neighbouring Andaman Islands, but is now regarded a valid species. It is restricted to the central and northern group of Nicobar Islands. It is relatively common in suitable habitat, particularly on Car Nicobar island. Its preferred habitat are grasslands, where the species breeds in the rainwater puddles. On Car Nicobar, it also occurs coastal wetlands and along newly cleared forest trails.
# Minervarya parambikulamana

Minervarya parambikulamana (common names: Parambikulam frog, Parambikulam wart frog) is a species of frog that is endemic to the Western Ghats, India. It is only known from its type locality, "Parambikulam forests", possibly within the Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary in Kerala state.
# Minimal volume

In mathematics, in particular in differential geometry, the minimal volume is a number that describes one aspect of a smooth manifold's topology. This diffeomorphism invariant was introduced by Mikhael Gromov.
Given a smooth Riemannian manifold (M, g), one may consider its volume vol(M, g) and sectional curvature K$_g$. The minimal volume of a smooth manifold M is defined to be:
    $\operatorname {MinVol} (M):=\inf\{\operatorname {vol} (M,g):g{\text{ a complete Riemannian metric with }}|K_{g}|\leq 1\}.$
Any closed manifold can be given an arbitrarily small volume by scaling any choice of a Riemannian metric. The minimal volume removes the possibility of such scaling by the constraint on sectional curvatures. So, if the minimal volume of M is zero, then a certain kind of nontrivial collapsing phenomena can be exhibited by Riemannian metrics on M. A trivial example, the only in which the possibility of scaling is present, is a closed flat manifold. The Berger spheres show that the minimal volume of the three-dimensional sphere is also zero. Gromov has conjectured that every closed simply connected odd-dimensional manifold has zero minimal volume.
By contrast, a positive lower bound for the minimal volume of M amounts to some (usually nontrivial) geometric inequality for the volume of an arbitrary complete Riemannian metric on M in terms of the size of its curvature. According to the Gauss-Bonnet theorem, if M is a closed and connected two-dimensional manifold, then MinVol(M) = 2π|χ(M)|. The infimum in the definition of minimal volume is realized by the metrics appearing from the uniformization theorem. More generally, according to the Chern-Gauss-Bonnet formula, if M is a closed and connected manifold then:
    $\operatorname {MinVol} (M)\geq c(n){\big |}\chi (M){\big |}.$
Gromov, in 1982, showed that the volume of a complete Riemannian metric on a smooth manifold can always be estimated by the size of its curvature and by the simplicial volume of the manifold, via the inequality:
    $\operatorname {MinVol} (M)\geq {\frac {\|M\|}{(n-1)^{n}n!}}.$
# Teatro Ruth Escobar

23°33′34″S 46°38′49″W﻿ / ﻿23.55944°S 46.64694°W﻿ / -23.55944; -46.64694
Teatro Ruth Escobar is a theatre in São Paulo, Brazil. It is named for the actress Ruth Escobar, who founded the theater in 1963.
# 1923 World Fencing Championships

The 1923 World Fencing Championships were held in The Hague, Netherlands.

## Medal summary
### Men's events

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Individual Épée | Wouter Brouwer | Adrianus de Jong | Roger Ducret |
| Individual Sabre | Adrianus de Jong | Marc Perrodon | Henri Wijnoldy-Daniëls |
# List of Harlequin Romance novels released in 1949

This is a list of Harlequin Romance novels released in 1949. (Main index: List of Harlequin Romance novels)

## Releases

| Number | Title | Author | Date released |
| # 1 | The Manatee | Nancy Bruff | 1949 |
| # 2 | Lost House | Frances Shelley Wees | 1949 |
| # 3 | Maelstrom | Howard Hunt | 1949 |
| # 4 | Double Image | Arthur Herbert Bryant | 1949 |
| # 5 | Close To My Heart | Margaret Nichols | 1949 |
| # 6 | Wolf Of The Mesas | Charles H. Snow | 1949 |
| # 7 | The House On Craig Street | Ronald J. Cooke | 1949 |
| # 8 | Honeymoon Mountain | Frances Shelley Wees | 1949 |
| # 9 | The Dark Page | Samuel Michael Fuller | 1949 |
| # 10 | Here's Blood In Your Eye | Manning Long | 1949 |
| # 11 | The Wicked Lady Skelton | Magdalen King-Hall | 1949 |
| # 12 | A Killer Is Loose Among Us | Robert Terrall | 1949 |
| # 13 | His Wife The Doctor | Joseph Mccord | 1949 |
| # 14 | Six-Guns Of Sandoval | Charles H. Snow | 1949 |
| # 15 | Virgin With Butterflies | Tom Powers | 1949 |
| # 16 | No Nice Girl | Perry Lindsay | 1949 |
| # 17 | The D.A.'s Daughter | Herman Petersen | 1949 |
| # 18 | Rebel Of Ronde Valley | Charles H. Snow | 1949 |
| # 19 | Gina | George Albert Glay | 1949 |
| # 20 | Flame Vine | Helen Topping Miller | 1949 |
| # 21 | Renegade Ranger | Charles H. Snow | 1949 |
| # 22 | Crazy To Kill | Ann Cardwell | 1949 |
| # 23 | City For Conquest | Aben Kandel | 1949 |
| # 24 | Painted Post Outlaws | Tom Gunn | 1949 |
| # 25 | Blondes Don't Cry | Merlda Mace | 1949 |
| # 26 | Gambling On Love | Gail Jordon | 1949 |
# Hells Gate Moraine

Hells Gate Moraine is a glacial moraine at the head of Evans Cove on the coast of Victoria Land, Antarctica. It extends southward to Hells Gate from nearby Vegetation Island and Cape Confusion.

## History

The moraine was mapped and named by the Northern Party of the British Terra Nova Expedition (1910–13), in association with Hells Gate.

### Historic site

On 25 January 1913 The Terra Nova expedition established an emergency depot at the moraine consisting of a sled loaded with supplies and equipment. Although the sled and its contents were removed in 1994 in order to stabilise their deteriorating condition, the site has been designated a Historic Site or Monument (HSM 68), following a proposal by New Zealand, Norway and the United Kingdom to the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting.
# Telephone numbers in the Federated States of Micronesia

Country Code: +691 International Call Prefix: 011
National Significant Numbers (NSN): seven-digits
Format: +691 yyy xxxx

## Areas in the Federated States of Micronesia

The number ranges before 2003 were:
LIST OF AREA CODES :
| Number range | Locality |
| 320 1000 to 320 9999 | Pohnpei |
| 330 1000 to 330 9999 | Chuuk |
| 350 1000 to 350 9999 | Yap |
| 370 1000 to 370 9999 | Kosrae |
The new number ranges after 2003 are:
LIST OF AREA CODES :
| Number range | Locality | Service |
| 920 1000 to 929 9999 | Pohnpei and Pohnpei outer island | fixed and mobile |
| 930 1000 to 949 9999 | Chuuk and Chuuk outer island | fixed and mobile |
| 950 1000 to 969 9999 | Yap and Yap outer island | fixed and mobile |
| 970 1000 to 979 9999 | Kosrae | mobile |
# List of Kodandarama temples

There are several Hindu temples dedicated to Kodandarama or Kothandarama (a depiction of Rama holding his bow). Many temples also include the honorific swamy in their names.

## Andhra Pradesh

* Kodandarama Temple, Vontimitta, in Kadapa District
* Kodandarama Temple, Buchireddipalem, in Nellore District

## Karnataka

* Kodandarama Temple, Hiremagalur in Chikkamagaluru district

## Tamil Nadu

* Kothandaramaswamy Temple, at Rameswaram in the Ramanathapuram District
* Kothandaramar Temple, West Mambalam in Chennai
* Kothandaramaswami Temple, Nandambakkam in the Kanchipuram District
* Kothandarama Temple, Thillaivilagam in Thiruvarur District
* Kothandaramar swamy Temple, Vaduvur in Thiruvarur
# Henan Experimental Middle School

34°47′28″N 113°40′01″E﻿ / ﻿34.791°N 113.667°E﻿ / 34.791; 113.667
Henan Experimental High School or called Henan Experimental Middle School, is a K-12 school of the People's Republic of China, located in Zhengzhou, Henan's Jinshui District. It has the abbreviation as "HEHS". It was founded in 1957 as the Affiliated Middle School of Zhengzhou Teachers' Vocational School, later becoming the Affiliated Middle School of Zhengzhou Teachers' College, the Affiliated Middle School of Zhengzhou University, and the Zhengzhou 40th Middle School before being given its present name in 1979.
As of 2006, official statistics stated that it enrolled 2,800 students, though other reports put its student body at 10,300. Along with students of the Zhengzhou First Middle School and the Zhengzhou Foreign Languages Middle School, students from Henan Experimental are said to have the best language abilities in the province; many students from the school apply to overseas universities, especially in the United States. Diplomas of its international division, which is jointly operated by the Nova Scotia, Ministry of Education and that of Henan province, are recognised by both the Canadian and Chinese governments. In a 2016 ranking of Chinese high schools that send students to study in American universities, Henan Experimental Middle School ranked number 47 in mainland China in terms of the number of students entering top American universities.
However, the school has been criticized for its participation in the trend of commercialization of education, in particular for its high tuition fees and the 400% increase in the size of its student body from 2003-2006, which earned it a total revenue of RMB176 million.
# Tehetu Township, Qinghai

Dagtog Township or Tehetu Township (Tibetan: སྟག་ཐོག་ཡུལ་ཚོ།, Chinese: 特合土乡) is a township in Darlag County, Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai, China. In 2010, Dagtog Township had a total population of 1,600: 831 males and 769 females: 549 aged under 14, 991 aged between 15 and 65 and 60 aged over 65.
# Helén Pettersson

Agnes Helén Pettersson (in the Riksdag Helén Pettersson in Umeå) (born 4 April 1972 in Umeå Parish) is a Swedish Social Democratic politician. She has been a member of the Riksdag since 2006. She currently takes up seat number 109 for the constituency of Västerbotten County. She was first assigned the Environment and Agriculture Committee, a committee in which she served in until 2014. After 2014 she was assigned the Labour Market Committee. She has also been an alternate for the Swedish delegation to the Nordic Council.
Since 2012 Pettersson has been the spokesperson for Arbetarnas bildningsförbund (ABF).
# Mount Rolleston

Mount Rolleston (2,271 m) is a prominent peak in Arthur's Pass National Park in the South Island of New Zealand. It was named by the surveyor Arthur Dudley Dobson in 1864, who observed the peak while searching for a route through the Southern Alps to the West Coast gold fields. The name honours the then Superintendent of the Canterbury Province, William Rolleston.
While not the highest mountain in the National Park (Mount Murchison holds that honour), it is well known because it can be viewed from State Highway 73 that runs through Arthur's Pass to the West Coast of the South Island. It is also popular with climbers, as it can be climbed in a day starting from Arthur's Pass township. Mount Rolleston was first climbed in 1912 by climbers H. Thomson and J. Gilligan. Mount Rolleston can be climbed via several routes, including the Rome or Goldney Ridges, the latter of which allows access to Otira Slide, which in winter can be descended by skis.
The upper slopes of Mount Rolleston are the headwaters of several rivers, most notably the Waimakariri and several tributaries of the Otira.
# Let Me Love You (album)

Let Me Love You is the second studio album by Australian singer-songwriter Mark Holden. The album was released in October 1976 and peaked at number 20 on The Australian Charts. The album was certified double gold in Australia.

## Background and release

In early 1976, Holden received a call from Colin Petersen, EMI Music Australia's A&R representative, who suggested he cover Eric Carmen's "Never Gonna Fall in Love Again". In his 2017 autobiography, Holden said "This was a watershed moment, the opportunity to do covers versus originals. I didn't have a lot of new material. I was a greasy-haired folkie hippie, and the first album had sucked up everything I'd done... Recording "Never Gonna Fall in Love Again" was a chance for me to have a hit". The song peaked at number 13 on the Australian Kent Music Report, which was followed up by "I Wanna Make You My Lady", an English-version of the Swedish song "Jag ska fånga en ängel" by Ted Gärdestad, which peaked at number 11.

## Charts

| Chart (1976/77) | Peak position |
| Australian Albums (Kent Music Report) | 20 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Australia (ARIA) | 2× Gold | 40,000$^^$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||
# Mubarak al Fadil al Mahdi

Mubarak Abdullahi El-Fadil El-Mahdi pronunciation (born Khartoum, Sudan, 1950, commonly known as Mubarak El-Fadil) is an economist and prominent Sudanese politician. He was appointed to several political and executive positions as part of the National Umma Party Sudan in the democratic Government of Sudan during the period 1986-1989.

## Politics

In 2017, Al-Mahdi indicated he would not object to normal diplomatic relations between Sudan and Israel. He was also critical of Palestine's role in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.
# Grand-Alépé

Grand-Alépé is a village in south-eastern Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Alépé, Alépé Department, La Mé Region, Lagunes District.
Grand-Alépé was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1126 communes nationwide that were abolished.
# Mississippi State Federation of Colored Women's Clubs

The Mississippi State Federation of Colored Women's Clubs, Inc (MSFCWC) is an African American woman's club located in Mississippi. The umbrella organization, affiliated with the National Association of Colored Women (NACW) was founded in 1903. The headquarters of the club are located in Jackson. The organization had an annual convention and was organized into committees. MSFCWC sponsored scholarship opportunities, and provided resources for black people in Mississippi.

## History

Educators, Ursula J. Wade Foster, Mattie F. Rowan and Lizzie Coleman created the club in 1903. They had been inspired by visiting the annual session of the Southeastern Association of Colored Women's Clubs which was held in Vicksburg in 1901. By 1906, the annual convention was expected to draw 200 delegates from women's clubs in Mississippi. There was a period of around 6 years prior to 1920 when no annual convention was held, however.
A new clubhouse for the organization was dedicated in Clinton, a town outside of Jackson, in 1953.
# Stradsett

Stradsett is a village and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk The village is 40.8 miles (65.7 km) west of Norwich, 11.3 miles (18.2 km) south of King's Lynn and 96.4 miles (155.1 km) north of London. The nearest town is Downham Market which is 3.5 miles (5.6 km) west of the parish. The village is located on the A1122 which runs between Outwell and Swaffham. The A134 between King's Lynn and Colchester also passes through the parish. The nearest railway station is at Downham Market for the Fen Line which runs between King's Lynn and Cambridge. The nearest airport is Norwich International Airport. The parish of Stradsett, in the 2001 census, has a population of 60. For the purposes of local government, the parish falls within the district of King's Lynn and West Norfolk. At the 2011 Census the population remained less than 100 and was included in the civil parish of Crimplesham.

## Description

The village and parish of Stradsett is situated in the west of Norfolk. The parish has an area of 543 hectares which is largely devoted to agricultural activity and is dominated by the estate of Stradsett Park. Stradsett Hall is the ancestral home of Sir Jeremy Bagge, 7th Baronet and former High Sheriff of Norfolk. The parish is bordered to the north by the parish of Shouldham Thorpe, west and south by Crimplesham and Fincham to the east
The name Stradsett is thought to be a hybrid of the Latin strata for road and the Old English saeta of place, thought to mean place by a Roman road. This name arose from the fact that the part of the Roman road known as the Fen Causeway ran through the parish.
The hundred court of Clackclose hundred was held at Clackclose Hill on Stradsett common;
# Morus Elfryn

Morus Elfryn (c. 1948 – 22 March 2022) was a Welsh musician, television production manager and carpenter. Described by Gruff Rhys as a "maverick singer", he recorded for the Welsh-language label Sain in the 1970s and later worked on S4C programmes including C'mon Midffîld!.

## Career

Morus Elfryn was from Pontsiân, Ceredigion. He was educated at Ysgol Dyffryn Teifi, where he attracted notice as a rugby player. He then attended college in High Wycombe before returning to Wales. As a teenager, Elfryn started performing music as part of the folk trio Y Cwiltiaid. The group released three EPs on the Qualiton and Cambrian labels between 1967 and 1970.
In the early 1970s, Elfryn was a member of the satirical band Y Dyniadon Ynfyd Hirfelyn Tesog. After the group split following the death of leader Gruff Miles, Elfryn formed a duo, Morus Elfryn a Nerw, with fellow member Gareth "Nerw" Hughes Jones. The duo released the EP, Heibio'r Af, on Sain in 1974. Elfryn's only solo album, I Mehefin (Lle Bynnag y Mae), was released on Sain in 1975. Tracks from I Mehefin were later included on Welsh Rare Beat (2005) and Welsh Rare Beat 2 (2007), compiled by Andy Votel, Dom Thomas and Gruff Rhys. Gruff Rhys has described Elfryn as a "Celtic Gene Pitney" whose songs "always weave an atmospheric narrative reminiscent in subject matter to Scott Walker or Jacques Brel".
Characterised by Dafydd Iwan as a private and family-oriented man, Elfryn retired from live performances in 1985 and moved to working in television. From the 1980s, he was a production manager with Ffilmiau'r Nant and worked on S4C programmes including the popular sitcom C'mon Midffîld! and Pengelli. He was later involved in the soap opera Rownd a Rownd. He was described as "Mr Fixer in the television world" by Dafydd Iwan. In later years, Elfryn moved to Waunfawr near Caernarfon. A carpenter by trade, he resumed his carpentry in retirement, making and selling furniture. He reunited with Gareth "Nerw" Hughes Jones for a live performance in 2015, his first in 30 years.
After a short illness, Elfryn died at Ysbyty Gwynedd on 22 March 2022, aged 73. In 2023, Elfryn's son Dei auctioned a quilt of beer towels from C'mon Midffîld! in his father's memory, with proceeds going to a cancer charity.