OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sodium dithionate

Sodium dithionate Na$_2$S$_2$O$_6$ is an important compound for inorganic chemistry. It is also known under names disodium dithionate, sodium hyposulfate, and sodium metabisulfate. The sulfur can be considered to be in its +5 oxidation state.
It should not be confused with sodium dithionite, Na$_2$S$_2$O$_4$, which is a very different compound, and is a powerful reducing agent with many uses in chemistry and biochemistry. Confusion between dithionate and dithionite is commonly encountered, even in manufacturers' catalogues.

## Preparation

Sodium dithionate is produced by the oxidation of sodium bisulfite by manganese dioxide:
    2 NaHSO$_3$ + MnO$_2$ → Na$_2$S$_2$O$_6$ + MnO + H$_2$O
Alternatively, it can be prepared by the oxidation of sodium sulfite by the silver(I) cation:
    Na $_2$SO $_3$ + 2 Ag$^+$ + SO$^{2−}$ $_3$ → Na $_2$S $_2$O $_6$ + 2 Ag
Another method is via oxidation of sodium thiosulfate with chlorine:
    3 Cl$_2$ + Na$_2$S$_2$O$_3$·5H$_2$O + 6 NaOH → Na$_2$S$_2$O$_6$ + 6 NaCl + 8 H$_2$O
And another method to produce sodium dithionate is treating sodium thiosulfate with sodium hypochlorite solution.

## Structure

The dithionate ion represents sulfur that is oxidized relative to elemental sulfur, but not totally oxidized. Sulfur can be reduced to sulfide or totally oxidized to sulfate, with numerous intermediate oxidation states in inorganic moieties, as well as organosulfur compounds. Example inorganic ions include sulfite and thiosulfate.
Sodium dithionate crystallize as orthorhombic crystals of the dihydrate (Na $_2$S $_2$O $_6$). The water of crystallization is lost when heated to 90 °C, and the structure becomes hexagonal.
Large single crystals of (Na $_2$S $_2$O $_6$·2H $_2$O) have been grown and studied for pulsed lasing purposes (pico second spectroscopy) with great success by E. Haussühl and cols.

## Properties

Sodium dithionate is a very stable compound which is not oxidized by permanganate, dichromate or bromine. It can be oxidized to sulfate under strongly oxidizing conditions: these include boiling for one hour with 5 M sulfuric acid with an excess of potassium dichromate, or treating with an excess of hydrogen peroxide then boiling with concentrated hydrochloric acid.
The Gibbs free energy change for (for example) the dithionate anion's oxidation to sulfate is a negative −300 kJ/mol, making it thermodynamically unstable against oxidation, but the kinetics for this reaction are rather poor. For similar reasons, the dithionate anion has been used to form single crystals of large cation complexes in high oxidation states, as the resulting salts are very likely highly kinetically stable(unless in extraordinary conditions that obviously do not belong to crystal analysis- see above), enough to survive all the way throughout the analysis of the crystal.
# Kilmurry Ibrickane

Kilmurry Ibrickane can refer to
* Kilmurry Ibrickane (Catholic parish)
* Kilmurry Ibrickane (civil parish)
* Kilmurry Ibrickane GAA
# Senator Hinkle

Senator Hinkle may refer to:
* Greg Hinkle (born 1946), Montana State Senate
* James F. Hinkle (1862–1951), New Mexico State Senate
* Jedediah Hinkle (born 1980), Montana State Senate
# Maria Rosaria Omaggio

Maria Rosaria Omaggio (Italian:; 11 January 1954 – 30 June 2024) was an Italian actress and writer.

## Early life and career

Born in Rome, Maria Rosaria Omaggio debuted in 1973 in the Italian show Canzonissima. In 1976 she made her film debut with two poliziotteschi alongside Tomas Milian, The Tough Ones and The Cop in Blue Jeans, and later starred in numerous films and TV series. She was also active on stage, and in 2011 celebrated her 25th year in theater with the recital Omaggio a voi. One of her latest films is Walesa: Man of Hope (2013), directed by Andrzej Wajda, where she stars as Oriana Fallaci.

## Personal life and death

Omaggio was married once and had no children. She considered herself Roman Catholic.
Omaggio died on 30 June 2024, at the age of 70. She was a goodwill ambassador for UNICEF.

## Selected filmography

* The Tough Ones (1976)
* The Cop in Blue Jeans (1976)
* My Father's Private Secretary (1976)
* La lozana andaluza (1976)
* La malavita attacca... la polizia risponde! (1977)
* El virgo de Visanteta (1979)
* Visanteta, estáte quieta (1979)
* Los locos vecinos del 2º (1980)
* Nightmare City (1980)
* Culo e camicia (1981)
* The Adventures of Hercules (1985)
* It Was a Dark and Stormy Night (1985)
* Rimini Rimini - Un anno dopo (1988)
* The Museum of Wonders (2010)
* Walesa: Man of Hope (2013)
# Lot 32, Prince Edward Island

Lot 32 is a township in Queens County, Prince Edward Island, Canada. It is part of Charlotte Parish. Lot 32 was awarded to Sir William Young, 1st Baronet in the 1767 land lottery. It was sold for arrears of quitrent in 1781 and a portion was granted to Loyalists in 1783. Lot 32 is the only township in the province not used by Statistics Canada as a census subdivision.
# Gunnar Martens

Gunnar Martens (born 1940) is a Danish official who was the third High Commissioner of Greenland, holding this position from 1 July 1995 to 31 March 2002. He became a first class knight of the Order of the Dannebrog in 2001.
# Borchester

Borchester is a fictional town in the BBC Radio 4 radio series The Archers. It is the county town of the fictional county of Borsetshire. According to series tradition it is located 6 miles north-east of Ambridge in the Am Vale and is a historic market and wool town. These typically English country-town features are complemented by more modern additions, such as Underwoods (an upmarket department store), Jaxx bar, which was previously a café both managed by Kenton Archer, and Ambridge Organics, the shop run by Helen Archer, who also makes the Borsetshire Blue cheese sold in Underwoods.

## Location

As The Archers is usually taken to "exist" in a region centred on Evesham and somewhere not too far from the Malvern Hills and the edge of the Cotswolds, Borchester could be connected to Broadway, Tewkesbury or Pershore. Hints in the series about the range of shops, local features and road layout, as well as distances sometimes given between Borchester, Felpersham and Ambridge, tend to point to Pershore as the most likely analogy, if we assume that Felpersham = Evesham. Another school of thought has Felpersham as Worcester and Borchester as Droitwich Spa. This view is supported by the existence of a Bishop of Felpersham - Evesham does not have a Bishopric whereas Worcester does. (At one time Bishop Cyril of Felpersham was an occasional character.)
Although it is a county town, it is not a city. The nearby Felpersham, which might be based on Evesham, is the seat of a Church of England diocese and does have the city status that usually goes with it. Borchester has a by-pass, built with much controversy during the 1980s. Evesham and Droitwich Spa both have by-passes but not Pershore.
The BBC published a map of Borchester in the 1990s, which, across a north-south axis common to both towns, was a 'cut and paste' of Evesham west of the axis and Great Malvern to the east. A property company named Borchester Land has featured in the storyline for many years.

## Facilities

Borchester is the location of the magistrates court for the area. Phil Archer served as a magistrate there for many years. In 1968, Nelson Gabriel, son of Walter Gabriel of Ambridge and a notorious rogue, was committed for trial and remanded in Gloucester prison at the Borchester magistrates. He returned many years later to run a wine bar in the town from 1980 to 1984. Also in Borchester is Borchester General Hospital.
Borchester is the scene of frequent shopping trips and social encounters in the series. It has a mixture of trendy, "southern England" features such as wine bars and upmarket delis combined with some working-class neighbourhoods. The Grundy family lived for a while in a substandard council flat in Borchester after being evicted from Grange Farm in 2000.
Borchester College, formerly Borchester Tech, is a Further education college offering both A-Level courses and vocational courses including management, hairdressing, and agricultural subjects. In 2002 it also offered evening classes in Italian. Several characters in the series have studied at Borchester College, and one, Russ Jones, taught there.
# Charles Cornwallis, 2nd Marquess Cornwallis

Charles Cornwallis, 2nd Marquess Cornwallis (19 October 1774 – 9 August 1823), styled Viscount Brome until 1805, was a British Tory politician. He served as Master of the Buckhounds between 1807 and 1823.

## Background

Cornwallis was the only son of General Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis, by his wife Jemima (née Jones). His mother died when he was four years old. He was educated at Eton and St John's College, Cambridge, receiving his M.A. in 1795.

## Career

In 1795 Cornwallis was returned to parliament as one of two representatives for Eye (alongside his uncle William Cornwallis), a seat he held until 1796. He then sat as a Knight of the Shire for Suffolk until 1805, when he succeeded his father in the marquessate and entered the House of Lords. In 1807 he was appointed Master of the Buckhounds, a post he held until his death fourteen years later.
On 26 May 1803 he was appointed Colonel of the East Suffolk Militia, and continued in command until his death.

## Family

Lord Cornwallis married Lady Louisa Gordon, daughter of Alexander Gordon, 4th Duke of Gordon, in 1797. They had five daughters, including Lady Jane Cornwallis, wife of Richard Griffin, 3rd Baron Braybrooke, and Lady Jemima Cornwallis, wife of Edward Eliot, 3rd Earl of St Germans. He died in August 1823, aged 48. The marquessate became extinct on his death while he was succeeded in his remaining titles by his uncle, the Right Reverend James Cornwallis.
# La Unión, Nariño

La Unión is a town and municipality in the Nariño Department, Colombia.
# Garworlohn Township

The Garworlohn Township is a township of the Greater Monrovia District, Montserrado County, Liberia. It is located on Bushrod Island, and stretches from Vai Town in the south to Bong Mines Bridge in the north. Politically, Garworlohn Township is divided between the Montserrado-13, Montserrado-14 and Montserrado-15 electoral districts.
During the presidency of Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf, Willametta Gooding Carlos served as commissioner of Garworlohn Township. Beatrice Dolee Williams was named commissioner by President George Weah in 2018.

## Communities of Garworlohn Township

| Community | Inhabitants (2014 est.) | No. of Households (2014 est.) | Electoral district |
| Blamo Town | 7,105 | 1,733 | Montserrado-15 |
| Central Logan Town | 6,749 | 1,646 | Montserrado-15 |
| Free Port Development | 194 | 47 | Montserrado-15 |
| Gbandi Town | 5,277 | 1,287 | Montserrado-15 |
| Jamaica Road | 8,306 | 2,026 | Montserrado-13 |
| King Peter Town | 4,924 | 1,201 | Montserrado-15 |
| Little White Chapel | 7,741 | 1,888 | Montserrado-15 |
| Stockton Creek | 2,253 | 549 | Montserrado-13 |
| Vicky Spot | 3,404 | 830 | Montserrado-15 |
| Zinc Camp | 9,219 | 2,248 | Montserrado-15 |
| Zondo Town | 8,077 | 1,970 | Montserrado-15 |
| Central Clara Town I | 5,968 | 1,456 | Montserrado-14 |
| Central Clara Town II | 7,356 | 1,794 | Montserrado-14 |
| Cow Factory | 9,799 | 2,390 | Montserrado-14 |
| Free Port Community | 5,810 | 1,417 | Montserrado-14 |
| Giblata | 2,164 | 528 | Montserrado-14 |
| Hope Community | 6,441 | 1,571 | Montserrado-14 |
| Paity Town | 5,488 | 1,338 | Montserrado-14 |
| Peugeot Garage | 4,013 | 979 | Montserrado-14 |
| River View | 4,832 | 1,179 | Montserrado-14 |
| Struggle Community | 7,652 | 1,866 | Montserrado-14 |
| Vai Town A | 1,468 | 358 | Montserrado-14 |
| Vai Town B | 2,367 | 577 | Montserrado-14 |
# Senator Hillard

Senator Hillard may refer to:
* George Stillman Hillard (1808–1879), Massachusetts State Senate
* Major M. Hillard (1896–1977), Virginia State Senate
# Grahame Skinner

Grahame Skinner ("Skin") is a Scottish musician who currently fronts the band, The Skinner Group. He has been the lead singer for a number of bands.
He has been a member of:
* The Jazzateers (1983)
* The White Savages / Kites (1983)
* Hipsway (1984–1989, 2016 reunion)
* Witness (1991)
* The Pleasurelords / Sponge (1991)
* Cowboy Mouth (1994–1996)
* Bruise (2004)
* The Skinner Group (formerly Skinner, 2011–present)
He currently fronts The Skinner Group, a collective of Glasgow musicians. The other members are:
* Douglas MacIntyre (guitar)
* Gordon Wilson (drums)
* Campbell Owens (bass)
* Andy Alston (keyboards)
# Loop, Germany

Loop is a municipality in the district of Rendsburg-Eckernförde, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
# Kezhuvamkulam

Kezhuvamkulam is a village in the Kottayam District in the Indian state of Kerala.
Schools
* Government L P School, Kezhuvamkulam
* NSS High School, Kezhuvamkulam
# Chennegy

Chennegy (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.
# Mary Nolan (artist)

Lady Mary Elizabeth Nolan (née Boyd; 8 November 1926 – 6 April 2016) was an Australian ceramicist, painter and photographer. She is remembered for her marriage to Sidney Nolan and her work preserving his work and estate.

## Biography
### Early life and first marriage

Mary Nolan was born in 1926 to father Merric Boyd, a potter, and mother Dorris Boyd (née Gough), a painter. Her maternal grandmother, 'Granny Gough', was a women's rights campaigner. Her paternal grandmother was the painter Emma Minnie Boyd, who exhibited alongside artists such as Arthur Streeton and Tom Roberts. The Boyd family were known for their connection to the arts, and her siblings, Lucy, Arthur, Guy and David, all went on to become artists. Mary grew up at the Boyds' "Open Country" home in Murrumbeena, then a rural suburb on the outskirts of Melbourne. From an early age, Mary was taught painting and potting, though her formal education ended at age 14 when she left school.
Growing up in the Murrumbeena circle of artists, Mary was the contemporary of artists such as Albert Tucker, Sidney Nolan, and Danila Vassilieff. One of her most well known works, Hands, was influenced by the war years in Australia, and was created when she was only sixteen years old.
In 1944, the 18-year-old Mary married painter John Perceval, with Sidney Nolan as a witness. The marriage produced four children and saw her eventually depart from painting and ceramics. In the 1950s, Perceval produced studio pottery to earn money, and had started to gain critical attention as a painter. At this time, Mary began a friendship with John and Sunday Reed. In 1963 the family moved to London, settling in Highgate, and became part of a group of Australian artists living in the city. The family moved back to Australia in 1965 where Perceval undertook a fellowship at Canberra's Australian National University. The couple's relationship suffered due to Perceval's alcoholism and psychiatric issues, and their marriage ended in the early 1970s.

### Life with Sidney Nolan

Mary moved back to London, living with her daughter Alice, and in 1975 relocated to a Herefordshire farmhouse,"The Ruthland", on the edge of Wales. She began a relationship, possibly romantic, with Sidney Nolan during the 1970s while his wife Cynthia was still alive. She had known Sidney from Australia and was aware of his previous relationships, including with Sunday Reed. Following Cynthia's suicide in 1976, Mary provided comfort to Sidney. The couple married in London in 1978 with her brother and sister-in-law Arthur and Yvonne as witnesses. The newly minted Nolans visited Australia for less than a month in March 1978 for Sidney's exhibition openings around the country. They also spent a week in Central Australia being followed around by a German film crew.

### Children

Mary's four children with Perceval, Matthew (b. 1945), Tessa (b. 1947), Celia (b. 1949), and Alice (b. 1957) were all artists.

### Death

Mary died on 6 April 2016 and she was buried with Sidney on the eastern side of Highgate Cemetery.
# Barry Hunau

Barry Hunau is an American cartoonist whose cartoons appear weekly in J. The Jewish News of Northern California, and several times a week in The Jerusalem Post. His work has also been published in the San Francisco Chronicle, The Berkeley Daily Planet, the Algemeiner Journal and others. His cartoons have been chosen three times for inclusion in Pelican Press's "Best Editorial Cartoons of The Year". They have also appeared in "The Best Editorial Cartoons of Campaign 2008".
His cartoons were published in Best Editorial Cartoons of the Year: 2010 Edition By Charles Brooks
In 2009, his cartoons were used to illustrate the OnStage Pleasant Hill Theatre show "Above the Violet". Hunau contributes work for Sunshine Week, a national initiative by the American Society of News Editors intended to educate the public about the importance of open government and the dangers of excessive and unnecessary secrecy.
Hunau provided illustrations for "Treat Your Spouse Like a Dog", a book on relationships by psychologist Margie Ryerson.
He is a member of Association of American Editorial Cartoonists. He tries to avoid anger and ad hominem attacks in his cartoons.

## Personal life

Hunau is a retired dentist. He is married, has two children and has lived in Lafayette, California since 1971.
# Mariannelund

Mariannelund is a locality situated in Hässleby parish in Eksjö Municipality, Jönköping County, in the region of Småland, Sweden with 1,468 inhabitants in 2010. Mariannelund grew considerably in the beginning of the 20th century. Heavy industry dominated the town for many years. Since the large paper factory was dismantled in the 1970s, Mariannelund has more and more become a centre for tourism.
# Loop, West Virginia

Loop is an unincorporated community in Jackson County, West Virginia, United States.
# Lost Horse Creek

Lost Horse Creek also known as Wild Horse Creek and Wildhorse Creek is a stream in the U.S. state of Mississippi.
# Striped wren-babbler

The striped wren-babbler (Kenopia striata) is a species of bird in the family Pellorneidae. It is monotypic within the genus Kenopia. It is found in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and subtropical or tropical swampland. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# Love Don't Hate It

"Love Don't Hate It" is a song by Dutch singer-songwriter Duncan Laurence. It was released as a digital download on 23 October 2019 by Spark Records as the second single from his debut studio album Small Town Boy, the song also features on his debut EP Worlds on Fire. It is the follow-up to "Arcade", Laurence's winning entry at the Eurovision Song Contest 2019.

## Background

Laurence previously stated that he did not want to rush out a follow-up to "Arcade", but rather take his time and wait until he found the right song. De Telegraaf announced on 14 October that fans that had attended Laurence's performance in Nijmegen were told the follow-up single would be "Love Don't Hate It". Laurence called it "a song about fighting for who you are and who you choose to love" and his "answer against the hate in the world, that will always keep trying to break down what we crave most: love".

## Live performance

Duncan premiered the song on Dutch television during De Wereld Draait Door on 23 October.

## Music video

A music video for "Love Don't Hate It" was released on 8 November. Directed by Ed Sayers of Seven Productions, it features Laurence in a dark area, singing amongst red lights and celluloid film effects. Bryan Kress of Billboard wrote, "With so much on the line, [Laurence] looks every bit prepared to lead the way and fight to the end." In an interview with Promonews, Sayers explained the process to achieve the video's effects: "A pretty singular approach with a mix of hard and soft dynamic lighting using white and red lights and a host of special flare lens to fire firey light down the barrel and onto Super 16mm film and a little Super 8mm."

## Personnel

Credits adapted from Tidal.
* Tofer Brown – Producer, associated performer, background vocalist, engineer, guitar, piano, programmer, studio personnel
* Duncan de Moor – Composer, lyricist, associated performer, vocals
* Michelle Buzz – Composer, lyricist
* Robert Gerongco – Composer, lyricist
* Sam Farrar – Composer, lyricist, associated performer, guitar, programmer
* Samuel Gerongco – Composer, lyricist
* Ilse DeLange – Associated performer, background vocalist
* Tijmen Zinkhaan – Engineer, studio personnel
* Frank Arkwright – Mastering engineer, studio personnel
* Cenzo Townshend – Mixer, studio personnel
* Andy Selby – Studio personnel, vocal editing

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Netherlands (NVPI) | Gold | 40,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Majendra Narzary

Majendra Narzary (15 May 1953 – 26 May 2021) was a Bodoland People's Front politician from Assam.

## Biography

He was elected in Assam Legislative Assembly election from 2006 from Gossaigaon constituency.
# Lê Văn Khôi

Lê Văn Khôi (chữ Hán: 黎文𠐤; died 1834) was the adopted son of the Vietnamese general Lê Văn Duyệt. He led the 1833–1835 Lê Văn Khôi revolt against Emperor Minh Mạng, but died in 1834.
As Duyệt was being prosecuted and his relatives condemned, Khôi had been imprisoned, but managed to escape on 10 May 1833. Soon, numerous people joined his revolt, in the desire to avenge Duyệt and challenge the legitimacy of the Nguyễn dynasty. Khôi fortified himself into the Citadel of Saigon and asked for the help of the Siamese.
Khôi died in December 1834 during the siege and was succeeded by his 8-year-old son Lê Văn Cù. The Citadel fell in September 1835, and Cù was tortured and executed, together with the French missionary Joseph Marchand.
# List of titles and honours of the British monarch

List of titles and honours of the British monarch may refer to:
* List of titles and honours of Charles III
* List of historic titles of British monarchs
* Style of the British monarch
# Böhme (surname)

Böhme (also Boehme) is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Andy Böhme (born 1970), German skeleton racer
* Anton Wilhelm Böhme (1673–1722), German Lutheran author and translator
* Brigitte Boehme (born 1940), German judge and president of church administration
* Erich Böhme (1930–2009), German journalist and television host
* Erwin Böhme (1879–1917), German fighter pilot in World War I
* Franz Böhme (1885–1947), Austrian and German general during World War II
* Franz Magnus Böhme (1827–1898), German musicologist and composer
* Gernot Böhme (1937–2022), German philosopher and author
* Herbert Böhme (1907–1971), German poet
* Herbert A.E. Böhme (1897–1984), German actor
* Horst Böhme (disambiguation), several people with this name
* Horst Wolfgang Böhme (born 1940), German archaeologist
* Ibrahim Böhme (1944–1999), German politician
* Jakob Böhme (1575–1624), Christian mystic
* Jörg Böhme (born 1974), German retired footballer
* Kurt Böhme (1908–1989), German opera singer
* Marcus Böhme (born 1985), German volleyball player
* Margarete Böhme (1867–1939), German writer of the early 20th century
* Oskar Böhme (1870–1938), German composer and trumpeter
* Robert Böhme (born 1981), German footballer
* Rolf Böhme (1934–2019), German politician and mayor
* Wolfgang Böhme (born 1949), East German former handball player