OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kubus scheme

The Kubus scheme was a scheme that originated in South Africa in the 1980s and was subsequently exported to the United States. It involved the cultivation of milk yeast cultures, which was sold to the originator, and the recultivating of the next batch. The producers had to canvas new members to the organisation to ensure sustainability. The whole scheme crashed when the government decided to implement a law in retrospect, thereby declaring the scheme illegal. The originator had to pay back all the money to claimants, likewise all who benefited had to return their earnings.

## Origins

The scheme was initiated by Adriaan Nieuwoudt after his grandmother showed him a milk culture she used as a skin product. He turned the culture into a remote work business by selling dried plants that would produce thick milk for R500, which would produce 10 jars of culture a week. In return he paid R10 per envelope or R100 per week for producers who sent him a teaspoon of the culture, making for break-even within five weeks. The dried product sent back by activation kit buyers were ground up, without first being removed from the envelopes in which it was shipped – and resold as new activators.
Thousands of people invested a reported R140-million in the scheme before it was declared an illegal lottery. In the end, after it was declared illegal through retrospective legislation, Mr. Nieuwoudt said that he could have repaid every cent to the participants but does not confirm that he actually did. However many people still claim that they have lost considerable amounts of money, some as much as their life savings and others their pension and claim to have never received any payback. Other copy-cat schemes who followed the same basic recipe, were in no way associated with Kubus.

## In the United States

According to subsequent evidence presented at trial, the Kubus business was exported to the United States in 1984. By late 1984 several corporations had been established around the product, among them: Activator Supply Company, Inc. sold "activator kits" that allowed the making of the milk culture for $350 per a minimum of ten kits; Culture Farms, Inc. produced, bought and sold culture; and Cleopatra's Secret, Inc., (also known as House of Cleopatra) was to utilise the culture in manufacturing cosmetics.
# Kubusdalen

Kubusdalen (71°58′S 7°14′E﻿ / ﻿71.967°S 7.233°E﻿ / -71.967; 7.233) is an ice-filled valley between Trollslottet Mountain and Kubus Mountain in the Filchner Mountains of Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. It was plotted from surveys and air photos by the Sixth Norwegian Antarctic Expedition (1956–60) and named Kubusdalen (the cube valley) in association with Kubus Mountain.
# List of St. Francis Brooklyn Terriers women's basketball head coaches

The following is a list of St. Francis Brooklyn Terriers women's basketball head coaches. The Terriers have had 13 coaches in their 45-season history. The team is currently coached by Linda Cimino.
| Tenure | Coach | Years | Record | Pct. |
| 1973–74 | Christine McGowan | 1 | 9–5 | .643 |
| 1974–79 | Dianne Nolan | 5 | 61–57 | .517 |
| 1979–82 | Mary Convy | 3 | 25–51 | .329 |
| 1982–83 | John Woods | 1 | 5–22 | .185 |
| 1983–86 | Dominick Vulpis | 3 | 27–49 | .355 |
| 1986–87 | Kevin A. Jones | 1 | 14–15 | .483 |
| 1987–88 | Cecil King | 1 | 4–22 | .154 |
| 1988–99 | Irma Garcia | 6 | 68–288 | .191 |
| 1999–00 | Steve Fagan | 1 | 2–25 | .074 |
| 2000–03 | Christine Cunningham | 3 | 9–72 | .111 |
| 2003–12 | Brenda Milano | 9 | 58–201 | .224 |
| 2012–18 | John Thurston | 6 | 73–110 | .399 |
| 2018–present | Linda Cimino | 2 | 26–34 | .433 |
| Totals | 13 coaches | 47 seasons | 384–872 | .306 |
# Kronopark

A Kronopark ("crown park"), in Sweden, is a forest or forested area owned by the state (formerly, the "crown") who has access to it and can develop it for various purposes. They are managed by Sveaskog or by Statens fastighetsverk (the National Property Board of Sweden).
In 1994 the total area covered by Kronoparks amounted to about 4.5 million hectares, almost 90% of which in Norrland and Dalarna. Starting in the 1870s the government began establishing the parks to limit the number of settlements that were being established on government-owned lands, though in the 1900s land in the individual Kronoparks was allotted to individual tenants. Kronoparks were established in Svealand and Götaland mainly through acquisitions of land by the state. By 1905 there were 1082 Kronoparks in Sweden.
During the past decades the area owned by the state has declined by about 5%, because parliament decided that Sveaskog should sell parts of its forest holdings to strengthen private forestry.
# List of U.S. cities with most pedestrian commuters

The following is a list of United States incorporated places with at least 5,000 workers with the 25 highest rates of pedestrian commuting (walking to work) (pedestrian mode share), according to data from the 2019 American Community Survey, five-year average. The Census Bureau, through the American Community Survey, measured the percentage of commuters who walk to work, as opposed to bicycling, taking public transit, driving an automobile, boat, or some other means.
| Rank | City | Pedestrian commuters as % of population (2019) |
| 1 | Ithaca, New York | 36.12% |
| 2 | State College, Pennsylvania | 33.77% |
| 3 | Athens, Ohio | 32.12% |
| 4 | North Chicago, Illinois | 28.75% |
| 5 | West Lafayette, Indiana | 24.74% |
| 6 | Cambridge, Massachusetts | 24.24% |
| 7 | Oneonta, New York | 22.56% |
| 8 | Oxford, Ohio | 22.56% |
| 9 | Burlington, Vermont | 22.21% |
| 10 | Columbia, South Carolina | 21.86% |
| 11 | Pullman, Washington | 20.94% |
| 12 | Bremerton, Washington | 19.56% |
| 13 | College Park, Maryland | 19.33% |
| 14 | Meadville, Pennsylvania | 19.27% |
| 15 | Moscow, Idaho | 18.91% |
| 16 | East Lansing, Michigan | 18.76% |
| 17 | Atlantic City, New Jersey | 18.55% |
| 18 | Indiana, Pennsylvania | 18.22% |
| 19 | Whitewater, Wisconsin | 17.27% |
| 20 | Morgantown, West Virginia | 17.23% |
| 21 | Ellensburg, Washington | 17.16% |
| 22 | Twentynine Palms, California | 16.88% |
| 23 | Arcata, California | 16.56% |
| 24 | Berkeley, California | 16.54% |
| 25 | Ann Arbor, Michigan | 16.52% |
# Margaret Tudor (disambiguation)

Margaret Tudor (1489–1541) was a queen of Scotland and princess of England.
Margaret Tudor may also refer to:
# Margaret Spicer-Simson

Margaret Spicer-Simson (6 March 1874 – 5 April 1968) was an American artist and painter of miniatures.

## Life

Margaret Schmidt was born in Washington, D.C. in 1874, the daughter of Ernest L. Schmidt and Christina Gudenrath.
She studied in Europe with Ludwig Knaus, Louis M. Boutet de Monvel and Eugene Carriere and married fellow artist Theodore Spicer-Simson in Washington on 1 July 1896. During the Spanish American War, in 1899, the couple moved to Paris. There, they lived in Montparnasse, where they associated with many artists and literary figures. A number of these became subjects of their later works. They were close friends with John and Ada Galsworthy.
In 1900, The Evening Post described Spicer-Simson as one whose "home is in Washington, whose studio is in Paris, and who paints mostly in London". She exhibited at the Paris Salon and in London between 1899 and 1907, including at the Royal Academy of Arts in 1901, from 1 Gayton Crescent, Hampstead.
In 1923, Spicer-Simson was the recipient of a MacDowell fellowship, working in the Adams studio.
In 1924, the Spicer-Simsons moved to Miami, Florida, where they built a home at 3803 Little Avenue in Coconut Grove. Margaret died on 5 April 1968.
# Marcus Sempronius Liberalis

Marcus Sempronius Liberalis was a Roman eques who held a number of appointments during the reign of the Emperor Marcus Aurelius. He is known from military diplomas and non-literary papyrus.
Liberalis was born in Acholla, located in what is Tunisia. His relationship to other members of the Sempronii is unknown.
His first attested appointment was his commission as commander of the ala I Gallorum Tauriana victrix in 129/130, which at the time was stationed in Mauretania Tingitana; this may have been a step in his tres militiae. His next known appointment was as praefectus or governor of Rhaetia from at least 30 October 139 to at least as late as November or December 140.
His last known appointment was one of the most senior posts of an equestrian career, praefectus or governor of Roman Egypt from 154 to 159. It was important because Egypt provided a large share of the grain needed to feed Rome. Not only did the governor have command of the troops stationed there -- during his tenure two legions were based in Egypt, Legio III Cyrenaica and Legio XXII Deiotariana -- he managed the financial and judicial affairs. Excerpts from his assizes as he held legal hearings around Egypt have survived in a papyrus at the University of Michigan.
# Kremena (village)

Kremena is a village in Balchik Municipality, Dobrich Province, northeastern Bulgaria.
# Stathmopoda aposema

Stathmopoda aposema is a species of moth of the family Stathmopodidae. The common name is Kowhai Seed Moth. It is found in New Zealand.
# Keriya, Phagi

Keriya (also known as Dwarkanathpura) is a patwar circle and village in ILRC Nimera in Phagi Tehsil in Jaipur district, Rajasthan. Keriya is also a patwar circle for nearby villages, Kanwarpura, Gokulpura and Madanpura.
In Keriya, there are 68 households with total population of 536 (with 52.8% males and 47.2% females), based on 2011 census. Total area of village is 5.59 km$^2$. There is one primary school in Keriya village.
# Md. Nazrul Islam (ambassador to Ethiopia)

Md. Nazrul Islam is a Bangladeshi diplomat and ambassador of Bangladesh to Ethiopia and Qatar.

## Early life

Islam completed his master's in International Relations from the University of Dhaka.

## Career

Islam joined the 15th batch of Bangladesh Civil Service as a foreign affairs cadre.
Islam was the Deputy Permanent Representatives of Bangladesh to the United Nations in Geneva and Vienna.
Islam was the Director General of the Multilateral Economic Affairs Wing in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 2020. He was appointed the Ambassador of Bangladesh to Ethiopia in September 2020. He was also the Permanent Representative of Bangladesh to the African Union and Permanent Representative of Bangladesh to the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa. In October 2022, Islam was appointed the ambassador of Bangladesh to Qatar replacing Ambassador Md. Jashim Uddin. Sikder Bodiruzzaman replaced Islam as the Ambassador of Bangladesh to Ethiopia.
# Helsby War Memorial

Helsby War Memorial was built to commemorate the servicemen of Helsby lost in active service in the First World War. It was unveiled in 1920, and the names of those lost in the Second World War were added later. The memorial stands in the churchyard of St Paul's Church in Helsby, Cheshire, England, and consists of a Celtic cross in sandstone on a pedestal and steps. On the shaft of the cross is an inscription and on the pedestal are the names of those lost in the conflicts. The war memorial is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building.

## Location and history

The war memorial is sited in the churchyard of St Paul's Church on a platform overlooking the A56 road. It was designed by R. H. Lockwood, made by W. Heswall and Son, and its cost of £350 was met by the parishioners of the church. The memorial was unveiled on 25 April 1920 by J. Taylor J. P. and by the Revd. E. W. Evans. After the Second World war the names of those lost in that conflict were added. In 2005–06 the memorial was conserved with the help of a grant from the War Memorials Trust, and in 2012 it was refurbished by the local authority.

## Description

The memorial is built in sandstone, it is about 5 metres (16 ft) high, and consists of a Celtic cross with a broad tapering shaft. The shaft is on a rectangular pedestal on a base of three steps, the whole standing on a platform. The front of the wheel-head of the cross and the shaft are decorated with complex vine patterns in relief. On the front of the shaft is an inscription, and on the pedestal are the names of to 20 servicemen lost in the First World War, and the 17 lost in the Second World War.

## Appraisal

The memorial was designated as a Grade II listed building on 13 September 2016. Grade II is the lowest of the three grades of listing, and is applied to "buildings [that are] are of special interest". The reasons for designating this building are its historic interest "as an eloquent witness to the tragic impact of world events on the local community, and the sacrifice it has made in the conflicts of the 20th century"; its architectural interest as being "an intricately carved cross in the Celtic style"; and its group value with St Paul's Church and the lychgate also in the churchyard, both of which are listed at Grade II.
# Heinrich Theodor Menke

Heinrich Theodor Menke (24 May 1819 – 14 May 1892) was a German geographer, who was born and lived in Bremen. He is remembered for his work in historical geography.
Menke studied theology and philology at the University of Bonn, and in 1842 received his doctorate at Halle with a dissertation on ancient Lydia. Afterwards, he worked as a school teacher in Bremen, but soon became dis-satisfied with this line of work, and undertook legal studies in Berlin and Heidelberg. After attaining his degree, he practiced law in Bremen, and later Vegesack.
Throughout his life, Menke had an avid interest in geography, and via contact with Wilhelm Perthes (1783–1853) of the Justus Perthes Geographische Anstalt in Gotha, in the centre of Germany, his primary vocational focus turned to editing and producing geographical atlases. In 1865, he published the third edition of Karl Spruner von Merz' Atlas Antiquus, and later produced the heavily revised third edition of Spruner's atlas of medieval and modern history, Hand-Atlas für die Geschichte des Mittelalters und der neueren Zeit (1871–1880). Menke, a corresponding member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities since 1877, died in Gotha on 14 May 1892.
The island group Menkeøyane in the Svalbard archipelago is named in his honour.
# Körslaget 2010

Körslaget 2010 is the fourth season of TV4's entertainment show Körslaget. It premiered on 20 March 2010. A feature of this season was Gabriel Forss's comment on each performance, and a choir was led by two contestants, Team Rongedal. It was also the first season to be aired on TV4 HD.

## Contestants

* Niklas Strömstedt with a choir from Växjö
* Marie Picasso with a choir from Västerås
* Morgan "Mojje" Johansson with a choir from Visby
* Kalle Moraeus with a choir from Orsa
* Linda Sundblad with a choir from Lidköping
* Ralf Gyllenhammar with a choir from från Mölnlycke
* Rongedal with a choir from Karlstad

### Episode 1

Aired 20 March
* Team Rongedal - This Love (Maroon 5)
* Team Mojje - I Gotta Feeling (The Black Eyed Peas)
* Team Picasso - We Built This City (Starship)
* Team Strömstedt - God Only Knows (Beach Boys)
* Team Sundblad - Wannabe (Spice Girls)
* Team Gyllenhammar - Fox on the Run (Sweet)
* Team Moraeus - Jag såg i öster (Folkmusik)

#### Results

Lowest number of votes :
| Team Sundblad | Team Strömstedt |
Highest number of votes :
* Team Moraeus
No choir was eliminated

### Program 2

Aired 27 March
* Team Picasso - Proud Mary (Tina Turner)
* Team Strömstedt - Turn, Turn, Turn (The Byrds)
* Team Gyllenhammar - I love it loud (Kiss)
* Team Sundblad - Girls just wanna have fun (Cyndi Lauper)
* Team Mojje - Fireflies (Owl City)
* Team Moraeus - Klinga mina klockor (Benny Andersson)
* Team Rongedal - Somebody to love (Queen)

#### Elimination

The Choir with the darkest shade of gray was eliminated.
Lowest number of votes :
| Team Gyllenhammar | Team Rongedal |

### Episode 3

Aired 3 April
* Team Strömstedt - Om (Niklas Strömstedt)
* Team Sundblad - Let's Dance (Linda Sundblad)
* Team Rongedal - Just a minute (Rongedal)
* Team Moreus - Underbart (Kalle Moraeus)
* Team Picasso - This moment (Marie Picasso)
* Team Mojje - Var ligger landet där man böjer bananerna (Morgan (Mojje) Johansson)

#### Elimination

The Choir with the darkest shade of gray was eliminated.
Lowest number of votes :
| Team Sundblad | Team Picasso |

## Elimination chart

Finals :
| Weeks: | Weeks: | 3/20 | 3/27 | 4/3 | 4/10 | 4/17 | 4/25 | 5/1 |
| Place | Contestant | Result | Result | Result | Result | Result | Result | Result | Result |
| 1 | Kalle Moraeus | 1st | 1st | SAFE | SAFE | 1st | 1st | Winner |
| 2 | Marie Picasso | SAFE | SAFE | Btm 2 | 1st | SAFE | Btm 2 | Runner-up |
| 3 | Rongedal | SAFE | Btm 2 | 1st | SAFE | Btm 2 | ELIM | |
| 4 | Niklas Strömstedt | Btm 2 | SAFE | SAFE | Btm 2 | ELIM | | |
| 5 | Morgan Johansson | SAFE | SAFE | SAFE | ELIM | | | |
| 6 | Linda Sundblad | Btm 2 | SAFE | ELIM | | | | |
| 7 | Ralf Gyllenhammar | SAFE | ELIM | | | | | |
# 2019 Burnie International – Women's doubles

Vania King and Laura Robson were the defending champions, but neither player chose to participate.
Ellen Perez and Arina Rodionova won the title, defeating Irina Khromacheva and Maryna Zanevska in the final, 6–4, 6–3.

## Seeds

* Asia Muhammad / Fanny Stollár (withdrew)
* Irina Khromacheva / Maryna Zanevska (final)
* Ellen Perez / Arina Rodionova (champions)
* Irina Bara / Ekaterine Gorgodze (first round)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Draw

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| Alt | G Da Silva-Fick T Patterson | 5 | 3 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | P Badosa Gibert M Kostyuk | 7 | 6 | | | P Badosa Gibert M Kostyuk | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | K Okamura G Taylor | 6 | 6 | | | K Okamura G Taylor | 2 | 3 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | A Bozovic A Parnaby | 4 | 3 | | | | | | | | P Badosa Gibert M Kostyuk | 6 | 0 | [6] | | | | |
| 3 | E Perez Ar Rodionova | 7$^7$ | 6 | | | | | | | 3 | E Perez Ar Rodionova | 3 | 6 | [10] | | | | |
| Alt | I Bozicevic M Jovanovic | 6$^5$ | 0 | | 3 | E Perez Ar Rodionova | 3 | 6 | [10] | | | | | | | | | |
| | L Cabrera J Fourlis | 6 | 6$^5$ | [9] | | G García Pérez E Rybakina | 6 | 3 | [5] | | | | | | | | | |
| | G García Pérez E Rybakina | 4 | 7$^7$ | [11] | | | | | | | | | | | 3 | E Perez Ar Rodionova | 6 | 6 |
| | K-c Chang C-w Hsu | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | 2 | I Khromacheva M Zanevska | 4 | 3 |
| | D Aiava N Bains | 4 | 4 | | | K-c Chang C-w Hsu | 2 | 2 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | N Podoroska Xiy Wang | 6$^8$ | 6 | [10] | | N Podoroska Xiy Wang | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | |
| 4 | I Bara E Gorgodze | 7$^{10}$ | 3 | [1] | | | | | | | N Podoroska Xiy Wang | 2 | 4 | | | | | |
| | A Bai I Wallace | 2 | 0 | | | | | | | 2 | I Khromacheva M Zanevska | 6 | 6 | | | | | |
| | M Inglis K McPhee | 6 | 6 | | | M Inglis K McPhee | 4 | 2 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | A Myers B Woolcock | 6$^4$ | 6 | [7] | 2 | I Khromacheva M Zanevska | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | I Khromacheva M Zanevska | 7$^7$ | 3 | [10] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# George Paulet

George Paulet may refer to:
* Sir George Paulet (1553–1608), English soldier, administrator, and governor of Derry
* Lord George Paulet (1803–1879), officer of the Royal Navy
* George Paulet, 12th Marquess of Winchester (1722–1800), English courtier and nobleman
# Sure Fire (disambiguation)

Sure Fire (or SureFire, Surefire) may refer to:
* Sure Fire, a lost 1921 John Ford film
* SureFire, an American manufacturer of flashlights and associated military equipment
* Surefire (song), on the 2016 John Legend album Darkness and Light
* Surefire: The Best of Econoline Crush, a 2010 compilation album
* Sure Fire (G.I. Joe), in the G.I. Joe action figures line
# Sure Fire Love

"Sure Fire Love" is a song recorded by Canadian country music artist Sean Hogan. It was released in 1999 as the second single from his second studio album, Hijacked. It peaked at number 9 on the RPM Country Tracks chart in August 1999.

## Chart performance

| Chart (1999) | Peak position |
| Canada Country Tracks (RPM) | 9 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (1999) | Position |
| Canada Country Tracks (RPM) | 62 |
# HAT-P-13

HAT-P-13, also known as GSC 03416-00543, is a G-type main sequence star approximately 800 light-years away in the constellation Ursa Major. In 2009 it was discovered that this star is orbited by two massive planets, the innermost of which transits the star. This was the first known example of an extrasolar transiting planet with an additional planet in the same system.
In 2015, a spectroscopic study have revealed a very strong starspot activity of the HAT-P-13 star.

## Planetary system

As of 2009, HAT-P-13 has been confirmed to have two extrasolar planets orbiting it. The inner planet was discovered by the "transit method" and the outer planet was found through the radial velocity method. A search for transits by HAT-P-13c was negative, however only 72% of the possible transit configurations could be ruled out. HAT-P-13 was the first star to have a transiting planet and an additional planet on a known orbit. HAT-P-7 and other planets are known to have additional companions, but there is not enough data to characterize the system. OGLE-TR-111 has one confirmed transiting planet, and one unconfirmed transiting planet.
The innermost planet, HAT-P-13b, has a mass around that of Jupiter and orbits its sun roughly every three days. This classifies the planet as a hot Jupiter, with temperatures exceeding 1000 kelvins. The second companion, HAT-P-13c, has a mass over 15 Jupiters. Because of its mass, this companion could either be a massive planet or a low mass brown dwarf. Either way, HAT-P-13 c orbits its sun every 446 days in a highly eccentric orbit. Radial velocity measurements also suggest the existence of a third more distant companion in the system. This may be an additional planet, or it may be a brown dwarf or even a small star.
The HAT-P-13 planetary system :
| Companion (in order from star) | Mass | Semimajor axis (AU) | Orbital period (days) | Eccentricity | Inclination | Radius |
| b | 0.906±0.024 M$_J$ | 0.04313+0.00033 −0.00026 | 2.91624039±0.00000081 | 0.0093+0.0044 −0.0016 | 82.2+0.6 −0.8° | 1.487±0.038 R$_J$ |
| c | ≥14.28 ± 0.28 M$_J$ | 1.188$^{+0.018}$ $_{−0.033}$ | 445.81±0.10 | 0.6616 ± 0.0054 | — | — |