OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lattice degeneration

Lattice degeneration is a disease of the human eye wherein the peripheral retina becomes atrophic in a lattice pattern. Usually, this happens slowly over time and does not cause any symptoms, and medical intervention is neither needed nor recommended.
Sometimes other retinal problems (such as tears, breaks, or holes) may be present along with lattice degeneration. However, these problems may also be distinct from or independent of lattice degeneration itself.
The cause of lattice degeneration is unknown, but pathology reveals inadequate blood flow resulting in ischemia and fibrosis. The condition is common in those with myopia (nearsightedness).

## Prevalence and risk of retinal detachment

Lattice degeneration is associated with retinal detachment, but the chance of developing retinal detachment if lattice degeneration exists is very low.
Lattice degeneration occurs in approximately 6–8% of the general population and in approximately 30% of phakic retinal detachments. Similar lesions are seen in patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, Marfan syndrome, and Stickler syndrome, all of which are associated with an increased risk of retinal detachment. Risk of developing lattice degeneration in one eye is also increased if lattice degeneration is already present in the other eye.
Lattice degeneration is often an incidental finding during a regular eye exam. The American Academy of Ophthalmology notes though retinal detachment is associated with lattice degeneration, lattice degeneration is not as strongly associated with or predictive of retinal detachment, with one study finding a low overall risk of developing retinal detachment at around 0.3–0.5%.

## Treatment

There is no treatment for lattice degeneration.
If lattice degeneration is present around the setting of other, more serious problems such as retinal tears, holes, the risk of retinal detachment may be higher, so preventative treatments may be recommended to strengthen the retina.
Barrage laser is at times done prophylactically around a hole or tear associated with lattice degeneration in an eye at risk of developing a retinal detachment. It is not known if surgical interventions such as laser photocoagulation or cryotherapy are effective in preventing retinal detachment in patients with lattice degeneration or asymptomatic retinal detachment. Laser photocoagulation has been shown to reduce risks of retinal detachment in symptomatic lattice degeneration. There are documented cases wherein retina detached from areas which were otherwise healthy despite being treated previously with laser.

## Prevention

There are no preventative techniques for lattice degeneration.

## Prognosis

In the overwhelming majority of cases, lattice degeneration has no effect on quality of life.
# Götz Heidelberg

Götz Heidelberg (1 March 1923 in Bergisch Gladbach-Bensberg near Cologne – 22 April 2017) was a German constructing engineer and entrepreneur known for the development of Maglev magnetic transportation systems.
He implemented the first functional magnetic vehicle at 1:1 scale at a 600-meter long test track in Ottobrunn. The 7-meter-long vehicle, weighing 6 tons, is now at the Deutsches Museum.
# Götz Friedrich

Götz Friedrich (4 August 1930 in Naumburg, Germany – 12 December 2000 in Berlin, Germany) was a German opera and theatre director.
He was a student and assistant of Walter Felsenstein at the Komische Oper Berlin in (East) Berlin, where he went on to direct his early productions. He first came to international prominence with a controversial 1972 production of Wagner's Tannhäuser at Bayreuth. He defected to the West whilst working on a production of Jenůfa in Stockholm later the same year.
From 1972 to 1981 he was principal director at the Hamburg State Opera. Between 1977 and 1981, he was also director of productions at the Royal Opera House at Covent Garden in London, where he staged the first British performances of the three-act completion of Berg's Lulu. In 1981 he took up the post of general director of the Deutsche Oper Berlin where he stayed until his death in 2000, staging productions across the whole of the operatic repertoire.
He was particularly known for his productions of Wagner. He staged his first production of the Ring at Covent Garden (1973–76, conducted by Colin Davis). The designs by Josef Svoboda centred on a revolving hydraulic platform. In the 1980s he directed a new production for the Deutsche Oper in Berlin (the so-called 'Time Tunnel' Ring). Covent Garden later imported this production to replace a planned production by Yuri Lyubimov, which had been abandoned after Das Rheingold. Bernard Haitink conducted complete cycles of the second Friedrich Ring, in 1992. The production was also staged in Washington and Japan.
In 1976 he directed the world première of Josef Tal's Die Versuchung (The Temptation) in Munich. He directed the world premières of Luciano Berio's Un re in ascolto, Ingvar Lidholm's "Ett Drömspel" and Henze's Raft of the Medusa.
He was the initiator of The American Berlin Opera Foundation (ABOF, now named The Opera Foundation), located in New York City.
Among his productions available on DVD are a 1974 film of Salome (with Teresa Stratas) and a 1981 film of Elektra (with Leonie Rysanek and Astrid Varnay), both conducted by Karl Böhm; a 1979 Falstaff (with Gabriel Bacquier) and a 1992 Die Frau ohne Schatten (with Cheryl Studer and Thomas Moser), both conducted by Sir Georg Solti; and a 1982 Bayreuth production of Lohengrin (with Peter Hofmann and Karan Armstrong), conducted by Woldemar Nelsson. His "controversial" 1972 Bayreuth production of Tannhäuser (with Dame Gwyneth Jones as Elisabeth and Venus) is also available on DVD, as are his Berlin productions of Die tote Stadt (with Armstrong, 1983) and Tristan und Isolde (with René Kollo and Jones, 1993).

## Personal life

Friedrich was married to Ruth Maria Kubitschek, with whom he had a son, Alexander. From his marriage to soprano Karan Armstrong, he had another son, Johannes.

## Works
### Film

* 1974: Salome
* 1981: Elektra (Deutsche Grammophon)
* 1984: Orpheus in the Underworld
# HIST1H3E

Histone H3.1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HIST1H3E gene.
Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) form an octamer, around which approximately 146 bp of DNA is wrapped in repeating units, called nucleosomes. The linker histone, H1, interacts with linker DNA between nucleosomes and functions in the compaction of chromatin into higher order structures. This gene is intronless and encodes a member of the histone H3 family. Transcripts from this gene lack polyA tails but instead contain a palindromic termination element. This gene is found in the large histone gene cluster on chromosome 6.
# Summi

Summi may refer to :
* Summi maeroris is one of several peace encyclicals of Pope Pius XII focusing in particular on the dangers to peace during the Holy Year.
* Summi Pontificatus is an encyclical of Pope Pius XII published on October 20, 1939.
# List of islands of Iraq

The following is an incomplete list of islands of Iraq.
* Aloos Island, Euphrates (Al Anbar Governorate)
* Hajjam Island
* Jubbah Island, Euphrates (Al Anbar Governorate)
* Om al-Babi Island, Shatt al-Arab
* Om al-Khanazeer Island (Mother of Pigs Island), Baghdad
* Majnoon Island
* Sindbad Island, Shatt al-Arab
* Om Al-Rasas Island (Mother of Lead Island), Shatt al-Arab
* Qanus Island, Tigris (Salah ad Din province)
# Lauren S. McCready

Rear Admiral Lauren S. McCready (July 26, 1915 – November 15, 2007) was one of the builders and founders of the United States Merchant Marine Academy, "Kings Point."
He graduated from New York University in 1937 with a degree in mechanical engineering, soon after he received his marine engineers license. He continued to work as a ship's third engineer until 1940 when he entered the Maritime Officers Training School at Fort Trumbull. Shortly after graduation he joined the Washington, D.C. staff of the United States Maritime Commission as a Cadet Training Instructor.
In February 1942 he was assigned to partake in the acquisition and conversion of the Walter P. Chrysler estate on Long Island into the newly commissioned Kings Point Merchant Marine Academy. He was the first head of the Engineering Department, and created the Engineering Department virtually from scratch while overseeing the design and construction of Fulton Hall. Over a 29 year period he brought the Engineering Department its first accreditation, founded a nuclear engineering curriculum, led the officer training for the first nuclear-powered cargo ship, the NS Savannah, and earned his own Senior Nuclear Reactor Operator's License. He retired from full-time teaching in 1970, but continued to teach as an adjunct until 1975.
In 1971, McCready was appointed the first director of the National Maritime Research Center at Kings Point, a department he helped establish. He served there for three years before retiring from federal service in 1975.
McCready is the recipient of the Department of Commerce Gold Medal and the Engineers of Distinction Award. In 1981 he was designated an honorary alumnus of the Academy, and in 1983 he was named professor emeritus. A major laboratory area in Fulton Hall bears McCready's name.
Admiral McCready was an honorary alumnus of the United States Merchant Marine Academy, and recipient of an honorary doctorate. Admiral McCready was exceptionally proud of the accomplishments of Kings Point graduates, and attended Homecoming every year, where his presentation "Kings Point: The Early Years" was a popular sell-out. One of his most remarkable records was that he watched over 21,000 Kings Pointers receive their diplomas, participating in every commencement ceremony from the first class to cross a King Point campus stage in 1942 through 2005.
In 1973, after several travels to France, he wrote a thesis for the degree of Master of Science (History of Sciences) entitled "the Invention and Development of the Gnome Rotary aero engine - the work of Louis and Laurent Seguin". He was given by the Seguin family the first model of the Gnome engine, and gave it to the Smithsonian Institution (Washington) where it is exhibited.

## Career accomplishments

* Admiral McCready taught engineering at the Academy from 1941 to 1975.
** B.S.M.E., M.M.E., New York University
** M.S., Polytechnic University
* Licenses:
** Chief Engineer of Steam Vessels, Unlimited Horsepower
** First Assistant Engineer, Diesel Vessels, Unlimited Horsepower
# Maxim Orlov

Maxim Orlov (born January 31, March 31 or April 15, 1981) is a Russian professional ice hockey forward. He was selected by Washington Capitals in the 8th round (219th overall) of the 1999 NHL Entry Draft. Orlov has played in the Russian Superleague primarily with HC CSKA Moscow. He is currently playing for Arystan Temirtau in the Kazakhstan Hockey Championship league.
# Laura Spinney

Laura Spinney (born August 1971) is a British science journalist, novelist, and non-fiction writer whose 2017 book Pale Rider is an account of the 1918 influenza pandemic.

## Education

Spinney graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in Natural Sciences from Durham University in 1993.

## Career

Spinney has written for Nature, National Geographic, The Economist, New Scientist, and The Guardian. She is the author of two novels, The Doctor and The Quick, and a collection of oral history from a central European city entitled Rue Centrale.
In 2017 she published Pale Rider, an account of the 1918 flu pandemic, published by Jonathan Cape who acquired the global rights in an auction in 2015. Spinney indicates that the global pandemic was the biggest disaster of the 20th century, exceeding the death tolls of both World War I (17 million) and World War II (60 million dead). Its full scope has only been recognised in the 21st century as researchers have examined old records, determining that 1 in 3 people became ill and between 1 in 10 and 1 in 5 died. At the time illiteracy was common, germ theory relatively new, antibiotics had not been discovered, and long-distance communication was often limited.
The first clearly identified and documented case was Albert Gitchell, a U.S. Army cook who reported in sick at Camp Funston in Kansas on 4 March 1918. Three distinct waves of disease outbreak occurred worldwide: in spring 1918, in late summer and autumn, and from later winter 1918 to early 1919. Between the first and second waves, the virus mutated and became more deadly in humans. The death toll in countries like China and India was particularly poorly documented. Spinney vividly describes conditions from all over the globe, from Rio de Janeiro to Russia.
Spinney's English translation of Swiss writer Charles-Ferdinand Ramuz's novel Derborence was published in 2018. In 2019 she spent two months as a journalist-in-residence at the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science in Berlin, Germany.
# List of lakes of Georgia (country)

The following is the list of lakes in Georgia, the country in the Caucasus. The Georgian word for "lake" is tba (Georgian: ტბა).

## Largest lakes

| Lake | Surface area km$^2$ | Maximum depth m | Height above sea level m | Region |
| Paravani Lake | 37.5 | 3.3 | 2,073 | Samtskhe-Javakheti |
| Kartsakhi Lake | 26.3 | 1.0 | 1,799 | Samtskhe-Javakheti |
| Paliastomi Lake | 18.2 | 3.2 | -0.3 | Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti |
| Tabatskuri Lake | 14.2 | 40.2 | 1,991 | Samtskhe-Javakheti |
| Khanchali Lake | 13.3 | 0.7 | 1,928 | Samtskhe-Javakheti |
| Jandari Lake | 10.6 | 7.2 | 291 | Kvemo Kartli |
| Madatapa Lake | 8.8 | 1.7 | 2,108 | Samtskhe-Javakheti |
| Saghamo Lake | 4.8 | 2.3 | 1,996 | Samtskhe-Javakheti |
| Ritsa Lake | 1.5 | 101.0 | 884 | Abkhazia |
| Keli Lake | 1.3 | 63.0 | 2,914 | Mtskheta-Mtianeti |
| Bazaleti Lake | 1.2 | 7.0 | 878 | Mtskheta-Mtianeti |

## Other

* Lakes portal
* Lisi Lake
* Turtle Lake (Tbilisi)
# McCay

McCay is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Bill McCay, American author of over seventy books
* Clive McCay (1898–1967), biochemist, nutritionist, gerontologist, and professor of Animal Husbandry at Cornell University
* Henry Kent McCay (1820–1886), United States federal judge
* James Whiteside McCay KCMG, KBE, CB, VD (1864–1930), Australian general and politician
* Liam McCay (born 2005), Irish slowcore artist
* Norman McCay, fictional character from the DC Comics series Kingdom Come
* Patrick McCay, Irish born Scottish-American painter who resides in the Boston area
* Peggy McCay (born 1931), American actress, with a career spanning over fifty years in films, television and soap operas
* Ryan McCay (born 1986), Scottish footballer
* Winsor McCay (1867 (?)–1934), American cartoonist and animator
# HD 130322 b

HD 130322 b, officially named Eiger, is an exoplanet with a minimum mass slightly more than that of Jupiter. It orbits the star in a very close orbit distance being only a quarter that of Mercury from the Sun. It is thus a so-called "hot Jupiter". The planet orbits the star every 10 days 17 hours in a very circular orbit.

## Naming

The planet HD 130322 b is named Eiger. The name was selected in the NameExoWorlds campaign by Switzerland, during the 100th anniversary of the IAU. Eiger is one of the prominent peaks of the Bernese Alps.
# Last Days of Mussolini

Last Days of Mussolini (Italian: Mussolini: Ultimo atto) is a 1974 Italian historical drama film co-written and directed by Carlo Lizzani and starring Rod Steiger, Franco Nero and Lisa Gastoni. The film depicts the days leading up to the death of Benito Mussolini, the Italian dictator, when he attempted to flee Milan in April 1945 at the end of World War II in Europe.

## Plot summary

In 1945, Benito Mussolini goes to Milan to talk with Archbishop Alfredo Ildefonso Schuster to request his help in escaping from Italy. The Republic of Salò, the last bastion of fascism, is decaying, and the Americans, along with the partisans are about to win control of Milan. Mussolini flees, pursued by his lover Claretta Petacci, and manages to get to the northern village of Dongo. There he clashes with the Germans, who order him to disguise himself as an officer of Germany rather than be captured by the partisans. Mussolini accepts without objection, always hoping for a revolt of his loyal fascists, but they are in jeopardy. When Mussolini is recognised, Walter Audisio, the leader of the partisans, initially wants to hand him over to the Americans, so that Mussolini undergoes due process. But the war crimes of the Duce are too great, so Audisio makes the decision to shoot him in front of the Villa Belmonte in the village of Giulino, along with his female companion.

## Cast

* Rod Steiger as Benito Mussolini
* Franco Nero as Walter Audisio, alias 'Valerio'
* Lisa Gastoni as Claretta Petacci
* Lino Capolicchio as Pierluigi Bellini delle Stelle, alias 'Pedro'
* Henry Fonda as Cardinal Alfredo Ildefonso Schuster
* Giuseppe Addobbati as Raffaele Cadorna, Jr.
* Bruno Corazzari as Lt. Fritz Birzer
* Giacomo Rossi Stuart as Jack Donati
* Rodolfo Dal Pra as Rodolfo Graziani
* Manfred Freyberger as Otto Kisnat
# List of fictional ungulates in literature

This list of fictional ungulates in literature is a subsidiary to the list of fictional ungulates and list of fictional animals. The list is restricted to notable ungulate (hooved) characters from various works of literature. This list includes deer, moose, cattle, giraffes, camels, donkeys, sheep, goats and zebras, but excluding horses, pachyderms and pigs, which are listed in separate lists.

## Deer and moose

| Name | Species | Author | Work | Notes |
| Bambi | Roe Deer | Felix Salten | Bambi, A Life in the Woods | |
| Elliot | Moose | Andrea Beck | Elliot Moose | |
| Faline | Roe Deer | Felix Salten | Bambi, A Life in the Woods | |
| Great Prince | Roe Deer | Felix Salten | Bambi, A Life in the Woods | |
| Rannoch | Red deer | David Clement-Davies | Fire Bringer | |
| Rudolph | Reindeer | Robert L. May | Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer | A reindeer originally from the 1939 story 'Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer', later adapted to a 1949 song, a 1964 television special, and various derivative works. |

## Equines
### Donkeys

| Name | Author | Work | Notes |
| Benjamin | George Orwell | Animal Farm | |
| Candlewick | Carlo Collodi | The Adventures of Pinocchio | Boy who turns into a donkey |
| Eeyore | A. A. Milne | Winnie-the-Pooh | A gloomy, pessimistic donkey, but a true friend of Pooh's. |
| Puzzle | C. S. Lewis | The Chronicles of Narnia | |

### Zebras

| Name | Species | Author | Work | Notes |
| Zigby | Zebra | Brian Paterson | Zigby | |

## Sheep and goats

* The Ram (Le Mouton), French literary fairy tale by author Madame d'Aulnoy, wherein a prince is cursed into a sheep form by a jealous fairy.
# Kåhög

Kåhög is a locality situated in Partille Municipality, Västra Götaland County, Sweden with 832 inhabitants in 2010.
# Matlak (surname)

Matlak is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Józef Matlak (fl. 1960s), Polish luge competitor
* Marek Matlak (born 1966), Polish chess player
* Mark Matlak (born 1956), American coach of American football and baseball
* Štefan Matlák (1934–2003), Slovak footballer
* Theodore Matlak (born 1965), American politician
# Mabel Jones

Mabel Jones (c. 1865–1923) was a British physician and a sympathizer to the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU).

## Medical career

Trained in London and from 1898, she worked in a practice with her fellow student, Dr Helen Boyle in Brighton after moving from Hull and then moved on to Glasgow in 1908. Although Dr Jones initially handled the routine cases in Hove, Brighton, the clinic was focused in treating women and it was mostly female led.
Jones was also noted for helping others who were sympathetic to the cause.
   "Dr. Mabel Jones did very well in helping the boys to get over their little colds and fevers. ... illustrate how genuine a feminist Paschal had become between two ardent suffragists, his wife and mother, he too called on Dr. Mabel Jones' services"

## Queen Elisabeth Medal (Belgium)

It is reported that Jones either worked in Belgium or attended Belgian wounded in Scotland during World War I and was awarded the Queen Elisabeth Medal and this was sent on her sudden death to her medical colleague Dr Helen Boyle of Brighton

## Frances Gordon's case

Jones evaluated the health state of suffragette Frances Gordon after she was released from Perth prison. A part of the report she produced was quoted in a letter to the Glasgow Evening Times:
   "I saw her (Miss Gordon) at Midnight in July 3. Her appearance was appalling, like a famine victim: the skin brown, her face bones standing out, her eyes half shut, her voice a whisper, her hands quite cold, her pulse a thread."
This quote and the Press exposure of pictures of women on stretchers after release from prisons led to questions in the House of Commons, giving voice to the female suffrage cause. In the book Martyrs in our Mydst, Leah Leneman openly questions the level of accuracy of Dr Jones report on Frances Gordon and also challenges the official version:
   "Comparing the [prison] medical officer's daily reports with Frances Gordon's story as related by Mabel Jones, it is clear that the later did indeed contained a good deal of distortion, but a far greater distortion was the version of the events provided by the medical officer and Chairman of the Prison Commission to the Scottish Office"

## Supporting other suffragettes

It is uncertain if Jones went to London to meet the Pankhursts to protest that Janie Allan was removed from the West of Scotland branch of the WSPU. The Women's Library Archive has a printed leaflet of a visit by Dr Jones to Mrs Pankhurst in a cell at the Central Police Station. She did also co-examine the gynaecological damage done by the violent use of rectal feeding on Fanny Parker and reported in the WSPU newsletters about other cases.

## Death and legacy

Jones died in 1923 after falling from a train in Northampton, England.
# Berd'huis

Berd'huis (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Orne department in northwestern France.

## Notable buildings and places
### National heritage sites

* Grand-Saint-Quentin Manor is a 16th century manor house declared as a Monument historique in 1974.
# Kapileswarapuram, Konaseema district

Kapileswarapuram is a village in the Mandal of the same name in Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Konaseema district in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India.

## Geography

The Godavari River flows through the village. The Zamindari Board Middle School was founded in 1918, later changed to a High School and renamed after the Zamindar Sri Balusu Buchi Sarvarayudu garu.
# HD 217107 b

HD 217107 b is an extrasolar planet approximately 65 light-years away from Earth in the constellation of Pisces (the Fish). The planet was discovered orbiting the star HD 217107 approximately every seven days, classifying the planet as a hot Jupiter. Because of the planet's somewhat eccentric orbit, scientists were able to confirm another planet within the system (HD 217107 c).

## Discovery

It was found by detecting small variations in the radial velocity of the star it orbits, caused by the tug of its gravity. A study of the radial velocity of HD 217107 carried out in 1998 revealed that its motion along the line of sight varied over a 7.1 day cycle. The period and amplitude of this variation indicated that it was caused by a planetary companion in orbit around the star, with a minimum mass slightly greater than that of Jupiter. The planet's mean distance from the star is less than one fifth of Mercury's distance from the Sun.

### Indication of second planet

While most planets with orbital periods of less than 10 days have almost circular orbits, HD 217107 b has a somewhat eccentric orbit, and its discoverers hypothesized that this could be due to the gravitational influence of a second planet in the system at a distance of several astronomical units (AU). Confirmation of the existence of a second planet, HD 217107 c, followed in 2005.