OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hamidah Osman

Dato' Hamidah binti Osman is a Malaysian politician who served as Member of the Perak State Legislative Assembly for Sungai Rapat from 2004 to May 2013 and State EXCO from 2009 to 2019.

## Politics

Hamida is the former women's wing chairperson of UMNO Division of Gopeng and served as a senior executive councilor in Perak. However, she was expelled from UMNO in 2015 for publicly criticizing party chairman Datuk Seri Najib Razak. In 2016, he joined the Malaysian United Indigenous Party founded by former Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad as vice chairman until she quit the party at the end of September 2017. On 10 August 2022, Hamida, who is the vice chairman of the Parti Bumiputera Perkasa Malaysia, was dissatisfied with the party's joining the Gerakan Tanah Air established by Mahathir, chairman of the Homeland Fighter's Party, so she announced his resignation from all party positions and quit the party.

## Controversy

In the Perak State Legislative Assembly, Hamidah has raised racial issues when comparing the credibility of Indians to snakes. MP of Ipoh Timor, Lim Kit Siang asked the Perak Barisan Nasional chairman, Dato' Seri Mohd Tajol Rosli Mohd Ghazali to apologize for Hamidah Osman's outburst. In an incident on 27 June 2008, Hamidah asked Speaker V. Sivakumar whether he agreed or not with the analogy.

## Election results

Perak State Legislative Assembly :
| Year | Constituency | Candidate | Votes | Pct | Opponent(s) | Votes | Pct | Ballots cast | Majority | Turnout |
| 2004 | N43 Sungai Rapat | Hamidah Osman (UMNO) | 11,881 | 65.90% | Roslan Shaharum (PAS) | 5,612 | 31.13% | 18,502 | 6,269 | 71.82% |
| 2004 | N43 Sungai Rapat | Hamidah Osman (UMNO) | 11,881 | 65.90% | Balakrishnan Rengasamy (IND) | 536 | 2.97% | 18,502 | 6,269 | 71.82% |
| 2008 | N43 Sungai Rapat | Hamidah Osman (UMNO) | 10,635 | 51.54% | Radzi Zainon (PAS) | 9,999 | 48.59% | 21,040 | 636 | 72.98% |
| 2013 | N43 Sungai Rapat | Hamidah Osman (UMNO) | 16,602 | 45.89% | Radzi Zainon (PAS) | 19,240 | 53.19% | 36,741 | 2,638 | 85.70% |

## Honours

* Malaysia :
** Officer of the Order of the Defender of the Realm (KMN) (2005)
* Perak :
** Knight Commander of the Order of Cura Si Manja Kini (DPCM) – Dato' (2009)
# Melittinae

Melittinae is a small melittid subfamily, with some 60 species in four genera, restricted to Africa and the northern temperate zone. They are typically small to moderate-sized bees, which often have shaggy scopae, and are commonly oligolectic; several species further specialize on floral oils as larval food rather than pollen, including Rediviva emdeorum, a highly unusual species in which the forelegs are longer than the entire body, and used to sponge up the floral oil at the end of elongated corolla spurs of the host plant, Diascia.
The Melittinae are known from a fossil of Palaeomacropis eocenicus in the Early Eocene of Oise, France.
# Lespedeza virginica

Lespedeza virginica, known as slender bush clover or slender lespedeza, is a species of flowering plant native to much of the United States, as well as Ontario, Canada, and Nuevo León, Mexico.$^{:8–9}$ It is a member of the bean family, Fabaceae.

## Description

Lespedeza virginica is an herbaceous, perennial legume. It can grow to be up to 2.5 feet tall. Slender bush clover has trifoliate compound leaves and slender primary petioles, with the stem covered in small white hairs. Its alternate leaves are dark green, though sometimes appear pale. The flowers are pink and have a broad upper petal with two side petals. Flowers produced are either cleistogamous or chasmogamous. Slender bush clover flowers from July to September and sets seed from September to October. L. virginica grows well in environments with full to partial sun and can grow successfully in rocky or sandy soils. It produces a taproot to assist in establishment.

## Distribution and habitat

Lespedeza virginica is found from Maine south to Florida, west to Texas and north to Michigan as well as in Eastern Canada. L. virginica prefers drier habitats, but can be found in prairies, rocky and sandy forests, savannas and environments with high drainage such as roadsides.
Disjunct populations are found in Nuevo León, Mexico, central Wisconsin and southern Minnesota.$^{:8–9}$

## Ecology

Lespedeza virginica is eaten by a wide variety of wildlife. It is a large part of the bobwhite quail's diet as well as deer and other ground birds. The seeds are eaten as well as the leaves. Nectar and pollen are eaten by various long-tongued insects such as butterflies and bees.
Scarification of the testa is reportedly necessary for germination, suggesting that consumption of seeds by animals is important in the plant's life cycle.$^{:16}$

## Conservation

Lespedeza virginica is listed as threatened in Wisconsin and endangered in New Hampshire and Ontario.
L. virginica is an endangered species of Canada under the Species at Risk Act. It is found there only in the Ojibway Prairie Complex in southern Ontario amongst tallgrass prairie and savanna habitats. It is threatened by changes to patterns of habitat disturbance, with lack of requisite open areas, and by competition with invasive species, notably crownvetch.
# Switzerland women's national rugby sevens team

Switzerland women's national sevens team represents Switzerland in women's Rugby sevens.

## Tournament History

Switzerland participated in an invitational tournament that was held alongside the 2014 Netherlands Women's Sevens which was the last leg for the 2013–14 Women's Sevens World Series.
They won the 2023 Rugby Europe Women's Sevens Conference that was held in Belgrade, and with it a promotion to the Trophy division for 2024.

## Players
### Current Squad

| Players | Club |
| Lea Badel | Switzers Geneva Rugby |
| Oumou Barry | Rugby Club Luzern |
| Deborah Bouvresse | Switzers Geneva Rugby |
| Kim Geissbühler | Switzers Geneva Rugby |
| Julie Gaudin | La Rochelle |
| Johanne Girard | Switzers Geneva Rugby |
| Rebekka Hosch | Rugby Club Basel |
| Louise Kuss | La Rochelle |
| Julie Luzi | RC Palezieux |
| Emily Marclay | Albaladejo Rugby Club Lausanne |
| Claire Oestreicher | Neuchâtel Sports Rugby Club |
| Jaya Salperwyck | R.C. Nyon |
| Catherine Teyssier | Switzers Geneva Rugby |
| Anne Thiébaud | Albaladejo Rugby Club Lausanne |
| Morgane Wuillemin | Albaladejo Rugby Club Lausanne |
Source:
# Knudsen pump

The Knudsen pump also referred to as "thermal transpiration pump" or "Knudsen compressor" is a gas pump that utilizes no moving parts. Instead it uses thermal transpiration, the phenomenon that gas molecules drift from the hot end to the cold end of a narrow channel. Thus a hot vacuum chamber "transpires" into the cold chamber. This thermal transpiration flow is induced when the boundary walls of the pump have a temperature gradient. Because the pump is based simply on temperature differences and has no moving parts, it could provide reliable and precise control of gas flow for a variety of applications, such as gas-sensing breath analyzers, chemical weapons detectors, and in satellite control. It is named after Martin Knudsen, a Danish physicist.
# Haplinis silvicola

Haplinis silvicola is a species of sheet weaver spider endemic to New Zealand.

## Taxonomy

This species was described as Mynoglenes silvicola in 1979 by A.D Blest from male and female specimens. The holotype is stored in Te Papa Museum under registration number AS.000110.

## Description

The male is recorded at 4.17mm in length whereas the female is 4.58mm. This species has a dark brown carapace, brown legs and an abdomen that is coloured darkly with white spots.

## Distribution

This species is only known from the South Island of New Zealand.

## Conservation status

Under the New Zealand Threat Classification System, this species is listed as "Naturally Uncommon" with the qualifier of "Range Restricted".
# Guadalupe de Ramírez

Guadalupe de Ramírez is a town and municipality in Oaxaca in south-western Mexico. The municipality covers an area of 59.96 km$^2$. It is part of the Silacayoapam District in the Mixteca Region.
As of 2005, the municipality had a total population of 1,214.
# Matsudaira Yoritaka

Matsudaira Yoritaka may refer to:
* Matsudaira Yoritaka (Shishido)
* Matsudaira Yoritaka (Takamatsu), successor of Matsudaira Yoritake
# Glenea albotarsalis

Glenea albotarsalis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1956. It is known from Borneo.
# Gilbert Synergie

The Gilbert Synergie is a rugby union rugby ball produced by Gilbert. The Gilbert Synergie was the official match ball of the 2007 Rugby World Cup, replacing the Gilbert Xact used in Australia during the 2003 Rugby World Cup. The ball was introduced in time for the 2006 Autumn internationals. The Synergie differs in a number of ways from the Xact — mainly with the advancement with the technology of the matrix grip pattern. The matrix uses star-shapes instead of the conventional round shapes, resulting in superior handling, in particular in wet conditions and kicking.
A Gilbert engineer said of the Synergie that "we have been working on the new ball for Rugby World Cup 2007 for some time now and are confident that we have again developed a ball that will deliver the best all-round performance ever. A Multi Matrix grip pattern and reaction laminate construction allows the Synergie match ball to deliver improved handling whilst still maintaining the unique kicking performance of the current Xact ball".
# Chinguila

Chinguila (born August 14, 1978) is an Angolan football player. He has played for Angola national team.

## National team statistics

Angola national team :
| Year | Apps | Goals |
| 2002 | 4 | 0 |
| Total | 4 | 0 |
# Chingunji

Chingunji may refer to the following political leaders of Angola's UNITA rebel movement
* David Chingunji (died 1970), top commander, son of Kafundanga
* Dinho Chingunji (born 1964), son of Kafundanga, brother of David
* Kafundanga Chingunji (died 1974), first Chief of Staff
* Tito Chingunji (died 1991), foreign secretary
# Kurdish Institute of Brussels

The Kurdish Institute of Brussels (Kurdish: Enstîtuya Kurdî Ya Brukselê) is a non-profit organization, based in Brussels, Belgium, which aims for the integration of the Kurds and other minorities into the Belgian society, as well as to promote the Kurdish culture both in and out of Kurdistan.

## History

The Institute started out as the organization 'Têkoser', which was founded by a group of Belgian Kurds in 1978. Their main goal at the time was the integration of the Kurdish community in the Belgian society.
In 1989, the name of the organisation was changed to 'Kurdish Institute of Brussels', which has remained as such ever since. Since the establishment of the Kurdish Institute of Brussels, the organization has expanded its goals, beginning with a project in 1990 subsidized by the Flemish Ministry of Culture, called 'Host Country, My Home Country', in which socio-cultural trainings were provided. In 1998, the organization secured subsidies of the Flemish Ministry of Culture with as goal promoting further integration of the Kurdish community (as well as other minority groups) in Belgium, and the spreading of knowledge of Kurdish culture, history and language.
From 2004 on, the Institute's mission was expanded to include both its original goals and new goals, namely, securing the rights of linguistic, ethnic and religious minorities in Turkey, the Middle East and the Caucasus. In light of these new goals, the Institute founded a Kurdish Cultural Center in Tbilisi, Georgia. In March 2006, the Turkish Grey Wolves attacked the Kurdish Institute In Brussels just days after the parents of the Institutes chairman were murdered in Turkey.

## Activities

* Publication of The Kurds, a bi-monthly periodical in Dutch.
* Provision of social services for immigrants.
* Maintenance of the Institute's library, which contains publications, articles and books about the Kurds and the rest of the Middle East.
* Summer projects for children.
* Translation services.
* Language courses: French and Kurdish.
* Cultural programme: exhibitions, Kurdish films and plays, concerts, etc.
* Research, information and sensitization activities.

## Organization

The head of the Institute is Derwich Ferho, one of the original founders of the organization.
Next to the Flemish Ministry of Culture, the Institute is also recognized by the Walloon Ministry of culture; the service of Peoples Development in Flanders; Permanent Education in Wallonia; and the region of Brussels.
The Institute also frequently collaborates with universities and high schools, peace and human rights organizations, and other cultural organizations.
On 22 June 2012, the Institute, along with Senator Karel Vanlouwe, organized a conference at the Belgian Senate concerning the Kirkuk and the progression of Article 140, which was attended by a multitude of Kurdish leaders.
# St. Andrews, South Carolina

St. Andrews is a census-designated place (CDP) in Richland County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 20,493 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Columbia, South Carolina Metropolitan Statistical Area.

## History

The Pine Grove Rosenwald School was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.

## Geography

St. Andrews is located at 34°2′37″N 81°5′52″W﻿ / ﻿34.04361°N 81.09778°W﻿ / 34.04361; -81.09778 (34.043551, -81.097854).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 6.4 square miles (16.5 km$^2$), of which 6.3 square miles (16.4 km$^2$) is land and 0.04 square miles (0.1 km$^2$), or 0.33%, is water.

## Demographics
### 2020 census

St. Andrews racial composition :
| Race | Num. | Perc. |
| White (non-Hispanic) | 4,798 | 23.21% |
| Black or African American (non-Hispanic) | 13,351 | 64.58% |
| Native American | 39 | 0.19% |
| Asian | 588 | 2.84% |
| Pacific Islander | 16 | 0.08% |
| Other/Mixed | 905 | 4.38% |
| Hispanic or Latino | 978 | 4.73% |
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 20,675 people, 9,534 households, and 4,364 families residing in the CDP.

### 2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 21,814 people, 10,497 households, and 5,091 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 3,167.8 inhabitants per square mile (1,223.1/km$^2$). There were 11,398 housing units at an average density of 1,655.2 per square mile (639.1/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the CDP was 43.05% White, 52.69% African American, 0.25% Native American, 1.83% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 0.83% from other races, and 1.27% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.98% of the population.
There were 10,497 households, out of which 24.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 28.8% were married couples living together, 16.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 51.5% were non-families. 40.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.07 and the average family size was 2.83.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 21.2% under the age of 18, 15.8% from 18 to 24, 36.8% from 25 to 44, 17.6% from 45 to 64, and 8.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.8 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $34,551, and the median income for a family was $42,088. Males had a median income of $31,114 versus $25,329 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $20,201. About 10.5% of families and 13.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.5% of those under age 18 and 6.2% of those age 65 or over.

## Education

St. Andrews has a public library, a branch of the Richland County Library.
# Chocolate-covered coffee bean

Chocolate-covered coffee beans are confections made by coating roasted coffee beans in some kind of chocolate, typically milk chocolate but often also dark chocolate or white chocolate. They are usually only slightly sweet, especially the dark chocolate kind, and the coffee bean has a bitter flavor.
Like all chocolate products, they are rich in fat, and since their main ingredient is coffee beans, they are very high in caffeine; some brands contain over 300 mg of caffeine per 40 g serving.
# Chocolate-covered fruit

Chocolate-covered fruits include blueberries, pomegranate, strawberries, oranges, dried apricots, and other candied fruits and citrus peels. Dark chocolate, milk chocolate and white chocolate are used for decoration. Nuts, coconut, chocolate chips, sprinkles, and other toppings are sometimes added. During the Christmas season chocolate covered fruits are sold at European markets.
Cordials include cherries or cherry fillings and also often include liqueur.
Strawberries are often dipped in chocolate, which is a common gift for Valentine's Day in the United States. Strawberries are also served with chocolate fountains for dipping, often on wooden skewers. Chocolate fondue with various fruits is eaten for dessert.

## Examples

* Chocolate-covered cherry
* Chocolate-covered prune
* Chocolate-covered raisin
* "Chocobananas" from Japan
* Chocolate-dipped strawberry
* Chocolate coated citrus peel
* Chocolate coated dried apricots and prunes
* Cherry cordial
* Cherries with pink and white nougat covered in chocolate
* Chocolate-dipped raspberry
* Chocolate fondue
* Fruit brochette with warm chocolate

## Brands

Various brands make fruit covered chocolate candies including:
* Cella's – chocolate-covered cherries
* Marich Confectionery – chocolate-covered dried fruits
* Mon Chéri by Ferrero SpA – The Mon Chéri is a single-wrapped combination consisting of a "heart" of cherry (18%) floating in a liqueur (13%) and contained in a bittersweet chocolate housing (69%).
# Kuruwita

Kuruwita is a town in the Ratnapura District of Sabaragamuwa Province of Sri Lanka. It is 87 km from Colombo. It used to be served by the 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) narrow gauge Sabaragamuwa Railway, a branch of the national railway system. And known for the nearby waterfall called Bopath Ella.

## Tourist attractions

* Delgamu Vihara - This temple is reputed as the hiding place of the Tooth relic of Buddha during the ruling period of Portuguese in the country.
* Batatotalena Cave - Batatotalena Cave is a cave temple, believed to be the place Buddha rested while visiting Sri Pada (Adam's Peak), as discussed in the Mahavamsa as one of the nine places Buddha had visited during his third visit to Sri Lanka. Its view of Samanala Kanda (mountain of Sri Pada) and its size (able to shelter over 500 people) led to its widely accepted identification as the Diva Guhava of the Mahavamsa. It is located about 5 km off from Kuruwita town (10 km towards to Colombo from Ratnapura) on Erathna road, one of the ancient roads to Sri Pada.
* Bopath Ella - Situated at Kuruvita, a few miles away from Colombo Ratnapura high-level road. The fall is like a petal leaf that gives its name.
# Kuruwita Army Camp

Kuruwitha Army Camp is a military base located in Kuruwita close to the town of Ratnapura in the Sabaragamuwa Province of Sri Lanka. It serves as the regimental headquarters of the Gemunu Watch of Sri Lanka Army.
# Choreocolax polysiphoniae

Choreocolax polysiphoniae is a minute marine parasitic alga in the division Rhodophyta.

## Description

This small parasitic alga grows on the red alga Polysiphonia lanosa. It grows as an irregular sphere on the fronds of the alga, reaching no more than 1 mm in extent.

## Habitat

Parasitic on Polysiphonia lanosa, the filaments grow into the host.

## Distribution

The species has been reported from North Russia and the Pacific. In Ireland it has been confidently recorded from counties Down, Antrim and Waterford and at scattered sites around the British Isles including the Shetland Islands.

## Reproduction

Cruciate tetrasporangia are produced all year round in the cortex. The gametangial are dioecious and are produced in spring and summer.
# Choreic hand

Spooning or choreic hand is flexion and dorsal arching of the wrists and hyperextension of the fingers when the hands are extended sideways palms down.
Spooning is a recognized clinical sign in pediatric neurology during standard evaluation of the posture with extended arms. Spooning is often observed in children up to the age of 5.
In older ages it is a clinical sign seen in children with chorea.
# St Andrew's Church, Hittisleigh

St Andrew's Church, Hittisleigh, is an Anglican parish church in Hittisleigh in Mid Devon. It is listed Grade I on the National Heritage List for England.
It was restored in 1914 and 1967. The tower dates from the late 15th century.
# St. Paul's Church, Manora

St. Paul's Church is a Protestant church, built in 1864 on Manora, Karachi in Sindh, Pakistan.
It is situated beside the Manora Point Lighthouse and is managed by the Karachi Port Trust. St. Paul's was erected as a memorial to Sir Charles James Napier, the British general who led forces to conquer the Sindh in 1843. The building was recently restored in 2008.

## History

The British forces under General Charles James Napier captured Manora in 1839, as part of their Sindh campaign making it their military base of operations. St. Paul's, among other buildings, was erected as a memorial to the British General. When the church was built it was constructed from limestone from the Hands' Hill Quarries (located 3 miles from Karachi and 5 from Kiamari) and the lower-grade but cheaper Manora conglomerate. It features an Early English architectural style, and consists of a nave, without aisles, a vestry and a small assembly hall. The nave is 43 feet in length and 20 feet wide, with a height up to the tie beam of 20 feet. Despite the church's simple and traditional exterior, the interior features a cathedral style ceiling of wooden trusses. Further references to a gothic style of architecture include the church's four lancet windows, as well as the three-light stained glass windows at its eastern end. The building was completed within the year and consecrated in the following one (1865). Construction costs totalled 15,000 rupees, of which 4,000 rupees were contributed by the Government.
In the early years of St. Paul's church, the congregation was mostly made up of area residents as well as by the crews of the harbour vessels. It was designed to seat 50 persons with services conducted by one of the Government chaplains of the Karachi station every Sunday.
Throughout the church's long history, alterations have been made to the church, including the original exterior of the church being completely cemented over.

## Restoration

Restoration work in two phases, due to financial restraints, was carried out on the church to preserve it as a heritage site and restore the "neglected" church to its original form. The restoration process took longer than expected, remaining pending for a year due to lack of finances before resuming and completing the final stage of work in 2008. The money for the restoration was raised privately, as no support from the government or the Karachi Port Trust was able to be given.
# St Louis Grammar School

St Louis Grammar School may refer to:
* St Louis Grammar School, Ballymena, Northern Ireland
* St Louis Grammar School, Kilkeel, Northern Ireland