OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Llewelyn Traherne

Llewelyn Traherne (13 March 1766 – 5 December 1842) was a Welsh magistrate and briefly High Sheriff of Glamorgan in 1801.

## Early years

He was born in Cardiff, the only son of Edmund Traherne, esq. of Castellau, County of Glamorgan, by his first wife Mary Llewellyn (d. 1767), or Llewelyn, of St Donats. He was adopted by John Llewellyn, Esq. of Coedarhydyglyn, who eventually made Traherne his heir. Traherne was educated by Rev. John Williams, of Margam. In 1773, he entered to the College School at Gloucester, and in 1780, he entered Winchester College in Commoners. He attended New College, Oxford from October 1783 through June 1786.

## Career

Traherne spent his career in the County of Glamorgan. He was a Justice of the Peace in 1783; was an active Magistrate; officiated as chairman of Quarter Sessions; and was appointed Receiver General in 1792. He was gazetted and sworn in as High Sheriff in 1801, but because of a misunderstanding with George Hardinge, then Chief Justice of the Brecon Circuit, he was superseded before the first Assizes. Traherne, a Whig, supported the Reform Bill, and was an opponent of the New Poor Law.

## Personal life

In 1787, he married Charlotte (d. 1791), the daughter of John Edmonds, Esq. of St Hilary, Vale of Glamorgan, by whom he had a son, John Montgomery Traherne (1788-1860), and three daughters, Charlotte-Frances, Maria-Eleanor, Louisa. Charlotte Traherne's children became the representatives of the ancient families of Dive of Ranton, Staffordshire, and Metham of North Cave, Yorkshire. They inherited a considerable property in right of their grandmother, Charlotte Dive. In 1792, Traherne married Barbara-Maria Manning, by whom he had a son, Rev. George Traherne, Vicar of St. Hilary and rector of St. George's, Co. Glamorgan. Traherne spent most of his life at his residence, St. Hilary, near Cowbridge where his son was a reverend at the Church of St Hilary. He became ill in August 1841, and died on 5 December 1842.
# Haplinis titan

Haplinis titan is a species of sheet weaver spider endemic to New Zealand.

## Taxonomy

This species was described as Mynoglenes titan in 1979 by A.D Blest from male and female specimens. It was moved to the Haplinis genus in 1984. This holotype is stored in Otago Museum.

## Description

The male is recorded at 9mm in length whereas the female is 7.91mm. This species has a dark brown cephalothorax and legs. The abdomen is brown with various pale markings.

## Distribution

This species is known from throughout New Zealand.

## Conservation status

Under the New Zealand Threat Classification System, this species is listed as "Not Threatened".
# Stromal cell-derived factor

Stromal cell-derived factor may refer to:
* Stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1, SDF1, Sdf1)
* Stromal cell-derived factor 4 (SDF-4, SDF4, Sdf4)
# Matsudaira Yoritaka (Shishido)

Viscount Matsudaira Yoritaka (松平 頼位, March 17, 1810 – December 17, 1886) was a Japanese daimyō of the late Edo period who served as daimyō of Shishido han. Retiring early, he was succeeded by his son Matsudaira Yorinori, but Yoritaka returned to headship following Yorinori's death in 1864. Though the domain was abolished following its involvement in the chaos of the Tengu-tō (天狗党) "Tengu Party" revolt of 1864, the new Satsuma-Chōshu centered government of the Meiji Emperor forgave Shishido, and allowed Yoritaka to retake his former holdings. Becoming han chiji (domainal governor) by Imperial order in 1869, he remained in that position until the abolition of the domains in 1871. After that he became a Shinto priest and was famed as a prolific writer. His son Matsudaira Yoriyasu (松平 頼安, 1856–1940) succeeded him as family head in 1880. Yoritaka's granddaughter Natsu (the daughter of Matsudaira Kō (松平 高, 1858–1923) and Nagai Iwanojō (永井 岩之丞, 1845–1907), son of the famous Nagai Naoyuki), is famous as the grandmother of Mishima Yukio. Under the new system of nobility, Yoriyasu became a viscount (shishaku 子爵).
Yoritaka died in December 1886, at age 76.

## Ancestry

Ancestors of Matsudaira Yoritaka (Shishido) :
| Preceded byMatsudaira Yorikata | Shishido-Matsudaira clan 1839–1846 | Succeeded byMatsudaira Yorinori |
| Preceded byMatsudaira Yorinori | Shishido-Matsudaira clan 1868–1871 | Succeeded bynone (domain abolished) |
# Glyphipterix triplaca

Glyphipterix triplaca is a species of sedge moth in the genus Glyphipterix. It was described by Alfred Jefferis Turner. It is found in Australia, including Queensland.
# Glenea hachijonis

Glenea hachijonis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae.
# Glyphodes virginalis

Glyphodes virginalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Rebel in 1915. It is found on Samoa.
# Glyphodes zenkeralis

Glyphodes zenkeralis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Strand in 1912. It is found in Cameroon.
# Glyphodiscus

Glyphodiscus is a genus of echinoderms belonging to the family Goniasteridae.
The species of this genus are found in Malesia and Australia.
Species:
* Glyphodiscus magnificus Mah, 2005
* Glyphodiscus pentagonalis Mah, 2005
* Glyphodiscus perierctus (Fisher, 1913)
# Malcidae

Malcidae is a family of true bugs in the order Hemiptera. There are at least 4 genera and more than 40 described species in Malcidae.

## Genera

These four genera belong to the family Malcidae:
* Chauliops Scott, 1874
* Malcus Stal, 1859
* Neochauliops Stys, 1963
* † Eochauliops Camier, Logghe, Nel & Garrouste, 2019
# Spring (April EP)

Spring is the second extended play by South Korean girl group, April. The album was released digitally and physically on April 27, 2016 by DSP Media and distributed by LOEN Entertainment. It contains six tracks, including the lead single, "Tinkerbell". It marks the last release with Hyunjoo prior to her departure from the group on October 29, 2016 due to health issues and also to focus on her acting career.

## Background and release

On April 4, DSP Media announced through a teaser poster that the group would make a comeback, on April 27. The poster shows a frame of flowers with texts on the inside and a drawing reminiscent of a butterfly wing. DSP Media also revealed various photos and video teasers for their Spring album.
The concept for this album is a fairy-tale concept, using different flowers that is linked to the group's name "A.P.R.I.L": A is for "Apricot Blossom", P is for "Peony", R is for "Rose", I is for "Island Poppies" and L is for "Lily".
The album and music video for "Tinkerbell" was released on April 27, 2016.

## Promotion

The group held a comeback showcase for Spring on April 27, 2016 at the Lottecard Art Center, the showcase was also aired at Naver's V App. The group started their first week of promotion, and made their first music show performance on Mnet's M! Countdown with "Tinkerbell" on April 28. It was eventually followed by appearances on KBS's Music Bank, MBC's Show! Music Core and SBS's Inkigayo.
On May 12, DSP Media announced that member Hyunjoo will temporarily halt all her activities with the group. According to the agency, Hyunjoo has been suffering from breathing problems and frequent headaches, which have made it difficult for her to perform on music shows. As Hyunjoo’s health is their utmost priority, they have decided to make her rest for the time being, and the group continued promoting Spring with only 4 members.
# Spinone al Lago

Spinone al Lago (Bergamasque: Spinù) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Bergamo in the Italian region of Lombardy, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) northeast of Milan and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northeast of Bergamo, on the left bank of the Lake Endine.
It is home to the 11th century Romanesque sanctuary of San Pietro in Vincoli, restored during the 14th and 15th centuries. The bell tower dates to the 16th century. The interior has some remains of 15th-century frescoes.
Spinone al Lago borders the following municipalities: Bianzano, Casazza, Gaverina Terme, Monasterolo del Castello, Ranzanico.
# Spinoplon bicolor

Spinoplon bicolor is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Napp and Martins in 1985.
# Spotless Group

Spotless Group SAS was a pan-European manufacturer of insect control and laundry products, based in Paris, France. In 2015, it became part of Germany's Henkel group.

## Operations

Spotless Group was established by AXA Private Equity (renamed Ardian in 2013) in 2005, upon AXAs acquisition of French homecare company Eau Ecarlate. The incumbent CEO of Eau Ecarlate, Pierre le Tanneur, assumed the presidency of Spotless.
In 2006, the second year of its existence, Spotless Group acquired Bologna-based homecare company Guaber and Irish shoe-care manufacturer Punch Industries. The group made further acquisitions in 2007, of sewerage disposal company Eparcyl and the Unilever brand Ballerina. In 2008, the company purchased Dylon International, the UK's leading dye producer, from the Mayborn Group. Spotless Group owns a total of 18 brands as of 2008.
In 2010, AXA Private Equity (renamed Ardian in 2013) sold its 65.6% stake in Spotless Group to British private-equity company BC Partners for a reported €600 million, according to Reuters.
In 2014, Germany's Henkel, a specialist in laundry products, offered to buy Spotless for 940 million Euros (about $1.3 billion) in cash. "By acquiring the Spotless Group, we will strengthen our market position and enter highly profitable growth segments," Henkel chief executive Kasper Rorsted told reporters. The deal, which was subject to approval from antitrust authorities, was completed in May 2015. The deal would slightly increase Henkel's share of the $82 billion global laundry care market to 8.7%, still well behind Procter & Gamble's 26.6% and the 14.8% market share held by Unilever, which sells Persil detergent - a Henkel brand - in some markets.

## Subsidiaries

Spotless Group had subsidiaries in 8 European Countries:
* Guaber, Italy
* Spotless Hungary, Hungary
* Punch Industries, Ireland
* Eau Ecarlate, France
* Spotless UK, United Kingdom
* Spotless Benelux, Netherlands
* Spotless Iberia, Spain
* Boston Scandinavia, Sweden

## Products

Spotless Group owned the brand Colour Catcher, which is the market leader in washing machine colour protection. Other Spotless Group brands include:
* Punch
* Vim
* Ballerina
* Eparcyl
* Dylon
* Vigor
* Boston
* Punch
* Fito
* Bloom
* Cucal
* Vapona
* Catch
* Dum Dum
* Tupic
* Carcomin
* Zensect
* Globol
* Tabard
* Iba
* Dr.Optic
* Lord Sheraton furniture polish range (manufactured in San Marino).
# Kremser

Kremser is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Friedrich Kremser (born 1942), Austrian retired footballer
* Karl Kremser (born 1945), American football placekicker
* Manfred Kremser (1950–2013), Austrian ethnologist
* Thomas Kremser, poker professional
# Chile–South Korea relations

Chile–South Korea relations are the diplomatic relations between Chile and South Korea. Both nations are members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Forum of East Asia–Latin America Cooperation and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.

## History

In 1962, Chile and South Korea officially established diplomatic relations.

## Foreign aid

In 2010, the South Korean government pledged $2 million in aid supplies following the 2010 Chile earthquake.

## High level visits
### High-level visits from Chile to South Korea

* President Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle (1994)
* President Ricardo Lagos (2003)
* President Michelle Bachelet (2009)
* President Sebastián Piñera (2012 & 2019)

### High-level visits from South Korea to Chile

* President Kim Young-sam (1996)
* President Roh Moo-hyun (2004)
* President Lee Myung-bak (2012)
* President Park Geun-hye (2015)

## Bilateral economic relations

Chile and South Korea entered into a free trade agreement in 2004.
# Krzysztof Krajewski

Krzysztof Adam Krajewski (born 3 August 1963, in Warsaw) is a Polish diplomat; ambassador to Azerbaijan (2005–2010), Bulgaria (2014–2018), and Russia (since 2021).

## Life

Krajewski has graduated from international relations at the University of Warsaw in 1987. Just after graduation he worked for the Office of the Council of Ministers.
In 1993, he joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Poland. He was heading the Information Unit at the Department of Information and Promotion. From 1994 to 1998 he held the posts of deputy director and director of the Bureau of Human Resources. Between 1998 and 2003 he was serving as Consul-General in Varna. In 2005, he was advisor to the Marshal of Sejm. Following his directoral post at the Minister of Foreign Affairs Secretariat (2003–2005), in 2005 he was nominated Poland ambassador to Azerbaijan. He ended his term in 2010. and became director of the Diplomatic Protocol. On 28 July 2014, he was nominated Poland ambassador to Bulgaria, and presented his letter of credence on 9 August 2014. Ending his term on 30 September 2018, he returned to the post of the director of Diplomatic Protocol. In October 2020, he was unanimously accepted by both ruling and opposing parties of Polish Sejm as an ambassador to Russia. He had received the nomination in November 2020. He arrived to Moscow on 27 February 2021 and began his term officially on 4 March 2021. He handed his credentials on 18 May 2021.
Besides Polish, Krajewski speaks English, Bulgarian, German and Russian. He is married to Aldona Krajewska, with two children.

## Honours

* Gold Cross of Merit, Poland (1997)
* Honorary citizen of Varna (2002)
* Medal of the National Education Commission, Poland (2003)
* Dostlug Order, Azerbaijan (2010)
* Knight's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta, Poland (2011)
* Commander's Cross of the Order of Merit, Portugal (2012)
* Commander's Cross of the Order of Orange-Nassau, the Netherlands (2012)
* Commander's Cross of the Royal Norwegian Order of Merit, Norway (2012)
* Commander's Cross of the Order of the Three Stars, Latvia (2012)
* Commander's Cross of the Order of the Phoenix, Greece (2014)
* Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana, 3rd Class, Estonia (2014)
* Order of the Balkan Mountains, 1st class, Bulgaria (2018)
* Commander's Cross of the Order for Merits to Lithuania (2019)
* Officer's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta, Poland (2019)
# Gmina Ustrzyki Dolne

Gmina Ustrzyki Dolne is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Bieszczady County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. Its seat is the town of Ustrzyki Dolne, which lies approximately 80 kilometres (50 mi) south-east of the regional capital Rzeszów.
The gmina covers an area of 477.7 square kilometres (184.4 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 17,623 (out of which the population of Ustrzyki Dolne amounts to 9,478, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 8,145).
The gmina contains part of the protected area called Słonne Mountains Landscape Park.

## Villages

Apart from the town of Ustrzyki Dolne, Gmina Ustrzyki Dolne contains the villages and settlements of Arłamów, Bandrów Narodowy, Brelików, Brzegi Dolne, Dźwiniacz Dolny, Grąziowa, Hoszów, Hoszowczyk, Jałowe, Jamna Dolna, Jamna Górna, Jureczkowa, Krościenko, Kwaszenina, Leszczowate, Liskowate, Łobozew Dolny, Łobozew Górny, Łodyna, Moczary, Nowosielce Kozickie, Ropienka, Równia, Serednica, Stańkowa, Teleśnica Oszwarowa, Trójca, Trzcianiec, Ustjanowa Dolna, Ustjanowa Górna, Wojtkowa, Wojtkówka, Wola Romanowa, Zadwórze and Zawadka.

## Neighbouring gminas

Gmina Ustrzyki Dolne is bordered by the gminas of Bircza, Czarna, Fredropol, Olszanica and Solina.
# Krishnamoorthy Puranik

Krishnamoorthy Puranik (5 September 1911 – 12 November 1985) was an Indian writer and poet who wrote in Kannada. He was the principal of a government high school in Gokak and was awarded the Karnataka Sahitya Academy Award for his work Mannina Magalu (Daughter of the Soil).
Puranik was born in Bilagi, a village in the Bagalkot district. He was a creative fiction writer. Some of his writings were made into successful Kannada and Tamil movies.
They include Dharma Devate that was made into Karuneye Kutumbada Kannu, Kulavadhu, Kuniyitu Hejje Naliyithu Gejje that was made into Sanaadi Appanna, Muttaide, Mannina Magalu, Pavana Ganga and Halunda Tavaru. Puranik was a poet and also a short story writer.
# Chileotrecha

Chileotrecha is a monotypic genus of ammotrechid camel spiders, first described by Emilio Antonio Maury in 1987. Its single species, Chileotrecha atacamensis is distributed in Chile.
# Gjoka

Gjoka is an Albanian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Ernest Gjoka (born 1970), Albanian football coach
* Lola Gjoka (1910–1985), Albanian pianist
* Pjetër Gjoka (1912–1982), Albanian film and theatre actor
* Sokol Gjoka, Albanian diplomat
# Glückshaus

Glückshaus (House of Fortune) is a gambling dice game for multiple players. It is played with two dice on a numbered board. The name was coined in the 1960s by Erwin Glonnegger who also created the modern design of the board by merging older dice games with a staking board for a card game.

## Rules

The board is divided in fields numbered from 2 to 12 (with 4 often left out), arranged in the form of the rooms of a house. Each player rolls two dice.
* On a roll of 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10 or 11, the player places a coin on the board if that room is empty, or takes the coin if it is occupied.
* If the player rolls snake eyes, he has rolled a "Lucky Pig" and collects all the coins on the board, except for what lies in room seven.
* If the player rolls a 12, he is "king" (König) and wins all the coins on the board.
* If the player rolls a 7, there is a "wedding" (Hochzeit) going on in the room, and one has to put a coin on there no matter what (a dowry). This builds up a jackpot until the "king" (12) is rolled.
* If playing on a board without a 4, either nothing happens on rolling a 4, or a rule defined before starting the game comes into play (for example a coin is given to the board owner).
The game ends when one player has won all the coins.
# Spy File

Spy File (subtitled The Best of V. Spy V. Spy) is the first greatest hits album by Australian rock band Spy vs. Spy. It was released in 1991 and peaked at number 85 on the ARIA charts in 1992.
It includes tracks from the band's 1984 EP Meet Us Inside and first four studio albums.

## Charts

Chart performance for Spy File :
| Chart (1991–1992) | Peak position |
| Australian Albums (ARIA) | 85 |

## Release history

| Country | Date | Label | Format | Catalogue |
| Australia | 1991 | EastWest Records | CD | 903175649-2 |
| Brazil | 1991 | Warner Music Group | CD | M175649-2 |
# Global Solar Energy

Global Solar Energy is a US-based manufacturer of CIGS solar cells, a thin-film based photovoltaic technology, with manufacturing operations in Tucson, Arizona, United States, and Berlin, Germany. In 2013, it was bought by Chinese renewable energy company Hanergy.

## Technology

The company uses copper indium gallium diselenide to produce CIGS cells, which achieve up to 19.9% efficiency in laboratory samples, and production cells of about 10.5 to 11 percent average efficiency. This type of solar cell is ideal for portable power and is 1.5 to 2X greater in performance than comparable thin film flexible solar materials.

## Mass production

Global Solar Energy opened in 1996, and in 2008 finished another phase of development as it expanded its CIGS production to a new 40 MW facility in Tucson, Arizona and a second 35 MW facility in Berlin, Germany.
The company expects to produce 20 megawatts of the films at the plant in 2008 before ramping up to 40 megawatts of capacity in 2009 and 140 megawatts by 2010. This makes Global Solar the largest full-scale manufacturer of CIGS thin-film photovoltaics.

## Installations

Global Solar Energy operates the largest CIGS solar electric array in the world, a 750 kW system located at the company's manufacturing facility in Tucson. Part of the energy harnessed by this array is being purchased by the factory itself.

## Competitors

With the advances in conventional crystalline silicon (c-Si) technology in recent years, and the falling cost of the polysilicon feedstock, that followed after a period of severe global shortage, pressure increased on manufacturers of commercial thin-film technologies, including amorphous thin-film silicon (a-Si), cadmium telluride (CdTe), and copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS), leading to the bankruptcy of several companies. Some current competitors are:
* Siva Power, a US Department of Energy awarded company that is operating in San Jose, CA.
* GSHK Solar has noted that it can produce CIGS cells with a 12.5 percent and an average efficiency of 10 percent in full production efficiency.
* IBM has reported 12% efficiency for its CIS solar cells.
# Glaucocharis grandispinata

Glaucocharis grandispinata is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Wei-Chun Li and Hou-Hun Li in 2012. It is found in Yunnan, China.
# Glaucocharis fuscopinna

Glaucocharis fuscopinna is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by David E. Gaskin in 1988. It is found in India.
# Glaucocharis hastatella

Glaucocharis hastatella is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Shi-Mei Song and Tie-Mei Chen in 2001. It is found in Fujian, China.
# Chicago Franchise Systems, Inc.

Chicago Franchise Systems, Inc. operates Italian-based Chicago-style restaurants in Illinois, Georgia, North Carolina, and Missouri which specialize in Chicago-style cuisine. They have operated since 1990, when they took over the popular Nancy's Pizza chain of pizzerias. Nancy's itself was started in 1974 by Nancy and Rocco Palese. CFS, Inc. operates as a franchisor for Nancy's Pizzerias and Doughocracy Pizza and Brews. CFS, Inc. launched Doughocracy Pizza + Brews in 2015, a fast casual pizza place that gives customers the "Freedom to Choose" their own toppings on a hand stretched pizza crust that can be paired with local craft beers. There is one Doughocracy restaurant, in Geneva, Illinois.

## Nancy's Pizza

The first Nancy's Pizza restaurant was opened by Italian Americans Nancy (born Annunziata Scarano) and her husband Rocco Palese in 1974. The Palese family opened and later sold multiple restaurants with different names between 1971 and 1973, before eventually settling on Nancy's Pizza on W. Lawrence Ave. A journalist for the Chicago Sun-Times claims Nancy's Pizza invented the Chicago-style stuffed pizza but this is disputed.
Nancy and Rocco Palese, both hailing from Potenza, Basilicata, had lived most of their adult lives in Turin, before immigrating with their three children to the United States in 1969. After 18 months in Chicago, Nancy and Rocco opened their first pizza parlor, Guy's Pizza, featuring a popular thin crust pizza. In 1971 friends tried to get the Paleses to experiment with pan pizza. Rather than imitate others, Rocco decided to invent his own pizza, modeled after his family’s recipe for "scarciedda," an Easter specialty cake from his native region, Basilicata, and called his new invention Stuffed Pizza.
In 1974, Rocco and Nancy opened the first Nancy's location in Harwood Heights, Illinois, which could seat only 35 people. Three years later, they opened the first location in Chicago. In 1990, the Palese family sold the name Nancy’s Pizza and all development rights to Dave Howey, the president of Chicago Franchise Systems, Inc., who had been a licensee of the Paleses since 1977. Today, there are 20 Nancy's locations in Illinois, as well as six locations in the Atlanta, Georgia, area, one location in O'Fallon, Missouri, and one location in Raleigh, North Carolina.

## Al's Beef

In 1938, Al Ferreri opened Al's #1 Italian Beef, a beef sandwich stand on the sidewalk of Harrison and Laflin streets in Chicago. The shop claims that Al's father, Tony Ferreri, invented the Italian beef sandwich to serve at weddings. However, the true origin of the sandwich is disputed.
The beef stand gradually grew and moved to its present location at 1079 W. Taylor Street, still in Chicago’s "Little Italy." In 1999, Chicago Franchise Systems bought the rights to Al's #1 Italian Beef Restaurants. The first Al's franchised location opened in 2001 in Tinley Park, Illinois.