OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sopwith L.R.T.Tr.

The Sopwith Long Range Tractor Triplane (L.R.T.Tr) was a prototype British long-range three-seat triplane escort fighter of the First World War. Its unusual layout had a small gunner's nacelle mounted on the upper wing for an all-round field of fire. Only a single example was built, as other, smaller fighters proved more practicable.

## Development and design

In early 1916, the British War Office drew up a specification for a multi-seat escort fighter to be powered by one of the new Rolls-Royce Eagle engines, intended to protect formations of bombers from German fighters, with an additional role of destroying enemy airships. While the specification did not require high speed, a good field of fire for its guns was essential, while the secondary anti-Zeppelin role demanded an endurance of at least seven hours.
Orders were placed for prototypes from Armstrong Whitworth (the F.K.6), Sopwith and Vickers (the F.B.11). All three designs were driven by the need to provide wide fields of fire in the absence of an effective synchronisation gear that would allow safe firing of guns through the propeller disc.
The Sopwith proposal was modified from an existing design for a two-seat triplane, with a nacelle for a gunner added to the upper wing. It had three-bay, narrow chord wings, with the streamlined nacelle housing the upper gunner who was armed with a Lewis gun built around the centre section of the upper wing. Ailerons were fitted to all wings, with air brakes fitted to the lower wing. The deep fuselage housed the pilot and a second gunner to guard the aircraft's tail. Balancing wheels were fitted well ahead of the aircraft's mainwheels in order to prevent the aircraft overturning, as the upper gunner would be extremely vulnerable if this occurred.
The prototype, which was nicknamed "Egg-Box", flew late in 1916. It was not developed further, with smaller fighters fitted with synchronisation gear such as Sopwith's own 1½ Strutter now available, with all of the proposed three-seat escort fighters abandoned.

## Specifications (L.R.T.Tr.)

Data from War Planes of the First World War:Volume Two Fighters
General characteristics
* Crew: 3 (pilot and 2 gunners)
* Length: 35 ft 3 in (10.74 m)
* Height: 52 ft 9 in (16.08 m)
* Powerplant: 1 × Rolls-Royce Eagle water-cooled V12 engine, 250 hp (190 kW)
Performance
* Maximum speed: 107 mph (172 km/h, 93 kn) (approx.)
Armament
* Guns:
** 1× .303 in (7.7 mm) Lewis gun in nacelle
** 1× Lewis gun in rear cockpit
# Kofi B

Kofi Boakye Yiadom (died 2 February 2020), known by his stage name Kofi B, was a Ghanaian highlife musician. He was known for songs such as "Mmobrowa", "Bantama Kofi Boakye" and "Koforidua Flowers", among others. He was inspired by the likes of Amakye Dede, Kojo Antwi and Ofori Amponsah.

## Education

Kofi B attended Agogo State College in the Ashanti Region, but dropped out prematurely due to financial difficulties.

## Death

Kofi B suffered a heart attack prior to performing at a concert in Cape Coast on 2 February 2020, and was pronounced dead on arrival after being rushed to a hospital. He had been battling health issues over the past year.

## Discography

* Taxi Driver
* Twa Me Keke
* Aserewa
* The Return of Kofi B
* Afia Donkor
* Brenya
* Bantama Kwasi Boakye
# Maefai

Maefai is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Charles Maefai (died 2019), Solomon Islands politician
* Lillian Maefai, Solomon Islands politician
# Gera, Virginia

Gera is an unincorporated community in King George County, Virginia, United States.
# Boi-Marhes

Marhes is a small hamlet in Boi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It is under the jurisdiction of the Union Council of Abbottabad. The settlement is part of the larger village of Rankot, and is situated in a mountainous area about 1200 m above sea level.
The village is located about 24 km from Muzaffarabad and 56 km from Abbottabad. It is popular with tourists from the Hazara region and from Kashmir, especially in summer, and features a road with notably tall pine trees.
* This Abbottabad District location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Gerry Lee

Gerry Lee was an animal impersonator.
He appeared as a castaway on the BBC Radio programme Desert Island Discs on 19 January 1963.
# Chautauqua Cinema

The Chautauqua Cinema is an independent movie theater located in historic Higgins Memorial Hall on the grounds of Chautauqua Institution in Chautauqua, New York in the United States. Higgins Hall is a contributing property in the Chautauqua Institution Historic District.

## History

Built in 1895, Higgins Hall was used as a meeting and performance hall until 1916 when the Community Motion Picture Bureau in cooperation with the Chautauqua Institution began screening films. In 1938 Higgins Hall was leased to Joseph and Margaret Woodburn who ran it privately. In 1956 the business was bought by Robert and Jessamine Schmidt of Mayville, NY whose family runs it to this day.

## Current status

The Chautauqua Cinema features 35mm and Christie Digital projection, Dolby Digital and Datasat Digital surround sound and seats 350 people. The Cinema shows a wide variety of films during a nine-week summer season that runs parallel to Chautauqua Institution's summer season. The films shown are a select program, including independent films, foreign films, documentary films and classics as well as some major Hollywood titles. The Chautauqua Cinema is closed during the off-season.
# Checkmate (Roger Christian album)

Checkmate is the debut album of British singer Roger Christian. It was produced by Gary Katz and released on 9 October 1989 by Island Records. The album features background vocals by the Persuasions on three tracks, “Stay With Me Tonight”, “Chains” and “Mwanzia”.
Two singles were released from the album, “Take It From Me” and “Worlds Apart”, peaking on the UK Charts respectively at No. 63 peaking at No. 97. The album and singles received international airplay, including West Germany and Spain.

## Background

An original member of the Christians with his brothers Garry and Russell, Roger left the band to start a solo career.
He wrote seven of the ten songs for his solo album with collaborators including Dan Hartman, Peter Vale, and Barry Parker.

## Critical reception

Kevin Murphy, for Record Mirror, compared Checkmate and Roger Christian as bearing “many of the hallmarks of his brothers in the Christians, opining “There’s Roger’s rich, soulful voice with its shrill reminders of Johnny Nash and warm memories of Marvin Gaye coursing through its veins”. He calls “Loving You Is So Easy” a “relaxed smooth Sam Cooke pastiche”, remarking on the “uptempo brashness” of “Take It From Me”, and describes “Mwanzia” as “spiritually refreshing and as warm as evening cocoa.”
Music & Media wrote, “A confident solo debut largely made of gritty R&B material…straightforward, economical production by Gary Katz goes together well with the brassy arrangements and Christian’s straight-from-the-heart vocals”.

## Singles

Music & Media praised “Take It From Me”, calling it “A great debut in a Motown style, very like The Drifters.”

## Track listings

Credits adapted from album liner notes.
* 4 Track Vinyl Single Sided Promo
* "Worlds Apart”
* "Stop Yourself From Falling”
* "Take It From Me”
* "Mwanzia”

## Personnel

Credits adapted from album liner notes.
* Roger Christian – vocals, backing vocals
* Dan Hartman – backing vocals
* Frank Floyd – backing vocals
* Jimmy Hayes – backing vocals
* Joe Russell – backing vocals
* Sam Butler – backing vocals
* Gary Katz - producer
* Michael H. Brauer – mixer
Mastered at The Townhouse
# Charlie Perry (footballer, born 1866)

Charles Perry (3 January 1866 – 2 July 1927) was an English football centre-half who played for West Bromwich Albion and England.

## Biography

Perry was born in West Bromwich. He joined West Bromwich Albion in March 1884 and turned professional in August 1885. He made his first team debut in the 1886 FA Cup Final against Blackburn Rovers at The Oval, a match that finished 0–0. Perry collected a runners-up medal after Albion lost 2–0 in the replay. He was on the losing side once more in the 1887 final, in a 2–0 defeat to Aston Villa. He picked up his first winner's medal in 1888 as Albion beat Preston North End 2–1.
Charlie Perry made his league debut on 8 September 1888, at centre-half for West Bromwich Albion in a 2–0 win against Stoke at the Victoria Ground, Stoke. He played 20 of the "Throstles" 22 Football League matches and was part of a defence-line that achieved four clean-sheets whilst restricting the opposition to a single goal on four occasions.
Charlie Perry had another winner's medal in the 3–0 win over Aston Villa in 1892. However, he missed the 1895 FA Cup Final due to an injury that later forced his retirement in May 1896. Perry made 219 career appearances for Albion in all competitions, scoring 16 goals. From 1896 until 1902 he served the club as a director.
Charlie Perry was a superb player and grand captain. He had a polished style, was determined in everything he did, cool under pressure and a man who marshalled his defence magnificently from the centre-half position, which was undoubtedly his best.
His younger brother, Tom also played for West Bromwich Albion from 1890 to 1901 and made one England appearance.

## Honours

West Bromwich Albion
* FA Cup winner: 1888 & 1892
* FA Cup runner-up: 1886 & 1887
# Chehlan Wala

Chehlan Wala (also spelled as Chahlan Wal or Chehlanwala) is a village in Sardulgarh tehsil of Mansa district in Punjab, India. The village was on the list for more than 90% of voting in the February 2012 elections.

## Geography

The village is approximately centered at 29°57′07″N 75°13′01″E﻿ / ﻿29.95194°N 75.21694°E﻿ / 29.95194; 75.21694. Kamalu, Behniwal and Bana Wala are the surrounding villages.
# Kněžice

Kněžice may refer to places in the Czech Republic:
* Kněžice (Chrudim District), a municipality and village in the Pardubice Region]
* Kněžice (Jihlava District), a municipality and village in the Vysočina Region
* Kněžice (Nymburk District), a municipality and village in the Central Bohemian Region
* Kněžice, a village and part of Jablonné v Podještědí in the Liberec Region
* Kněžice, a village and part of Podbořany in the Ústí nad Labem Region
* Kněžice, a village and part of Strážov (Klatovy District) in the Plzeň Region
# Kněževes (Prague-West District)

Kněževes is a municipality and village in Prague-West District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 700 inhabitants.
# Martin Henry Colnaghi

Martin Henry Colnaghi (16 November 1821 – 27 June 1908) was a British art dealer for the London-based Colnaghi.

## Personal life

He was born on 16 November 1821 at 23 Cockspur Street, London, and baptised Martino Enrico Luigi Gaetano. He was the eldest son of Martin Colnaghi and his wife, Fanny Boyce Clarke, and a grandson of Paul Colnaghi of Pall Mall.
Colnaghi had three marriages, but no children.
* Sarah Nash
* Elizabeth Maxwell Howard (died 1888)
* On 17 October 1889, he married Amy Mary Smith, daughter of the artist George Smith
Colnaghi died on 27 June 1908, aged 86, at the Marlborough Gallery, and was buried on the eastern side of Highgate Cemetery.

## Antique Dealer

Martin Colnaghi was a picture dealer and art collector with a keen interest in old master paintings, especially Dutch and Flemish pictures. A more detailed biography can be seen here

## Legacy

Colnaghi bequeathed four paintings to London's National Gallery: Lorenzo Lotto's Madonna and Child and Saints, Philips Wouwerman's Two Horseman at a Gypsy Encampment (previously titled "The Bohemians"), Aert van der Neer's Landscape with a River at Evening( previously titled "Dawn", and Thomas Gainsborough's "The Bridge" now held by the Tate (previously exhibited and titled "Landscape" at the Royal Academy 1892 Exhibition by Mrs Martin Colnaghi, page 6). He stipulated that after his wife's death, £80,000 should go to the National Gallery, to buy art, to form the Martin Colnaghi bequest. In addition, in 1908, his late wife Amy, bequeathed the portrait of her husband, painted by John Callcott Horsley to the National Gallery. After Amy's death in 1940 the remains of his collection were sold by auction at the Willis's Rooms (earlier known as Almack's) by Robinson and Foster Ltd on 22 and 23 January 1941.
# Giovanni Bolla

Giovanni Bolla (1650 - September 15, 1735) was an Italian painter, active in the Duchy of Parma.
He was born and died in Parma, and seem to have developed a style from Carlo Cignani. Among his works are an Assumption in San Pietro, a San Carlo for the oratory of San Cristoforo, and frescoes in the Palazzo Arcivescovile of Parma.
# 1958 USAC Road Racing Championship

The 1958 USAC Road Racing Championship season was the inaugural season of the USAC Road Racing Championship. The series was contested for sports cars at three rounds (Lime Rock, Marlboro, and Riverside), and Formula Libre at one round (Watkins Glen). It began September 7, 1958, and ended October 12, 1958, after four races. Dan Gurney won the season championship.

## Calendar

| Rnd | Race | Length | Circuit | Location | Date |
| 1 | Lime Rock International Open | 140 mi (230 km) | Lime Rock Park | Lakeville, Connecticut | September 7 |
| 2 | Marlboro Grand Prix | 76 mi (122 km) | Marlboro Motor Raceway | Upper Marlboro, Maryland | September 21 |
| 3 | International Formula Libre Grand Prix | 300 km (190 mi) | Watkins Glen International | Watkins Glen, New York | September 28 |
| 4 | United States Grand Prix for Sports Cars | 200 mi (320 km) | Riverside International Raceway | Riverside, California | October 12 |

## Season results

| Rnd | Circuit | Winning Team | Results |
| Rnd | Circuit | Winning Driver | Results |
| 1 | Lime Rock | #49 Elisha Walker | Results |
| 1 | Lime Rock | George Constantine | Results |
| 2 | Marlboro | #49 Elisha Walker | Results |
| 2 | Marlboro | George Constantine | Results |
| 3 | Watkins Glen | #11 Jo Bonnier | Results |
| 3 | Watkins Glen | Jo Bonnier | Results |
| 4 | Riverside | #5 Reventhrow Automobile Incorporated | Results |
| 4 | Riverside | Chuck Daigh | Results |
# List of governors of Kumamoto Prefecture
## Appointed governors

* 1876 Yasuoka Ryosuke
* 1876-1891 Takaaki Tomioka
* 1891-1896 Matsudaira Masanao
* 1896-1898 Ōura Kanetake
* 1898-1903 Tokuhisa Tsunenori
* 1903-1907 Egi Kazuyuki
* 1907-1908 Norikichi Oshikawa
* 1908-1912 Kawaji Toshikyo
* 1912 Tadashi Munakata
* 1912-1913 Kamiyama Mitsunoshin
* 1913-1914 Tenta Akaboshi
* 1916-1919 Ōta Masahiro
* 1919-1921 Hikoji Kawaguchi
* 1921-1922 Sansuke Nakayama
* 1922-1923 Tadahiko Okada
* 1923-1924 Chisato Tanaka
* 1924-1925 Nakagawa Kenzō
* 1925-1926 Yoshifumi Satake
* 1926-1927 Masao Oka
* 1927-1929 Saito Munenori
* 1929-1930 Omori Kichigoro
* 1930-1931 Bunpei Motoyama
* 1931-1932 Kenichi Yamashita
* 1932-1935 Keiichi Suzuki (governor of Hiroshima)
* 1935-1936 Sekiya Nobuyuke
* 1936-1939 Fujioka Nagakazu
* 1939-1940 Shunsuke Kondo
* 1940-1942 Yukizawa Chiyoji
* 1942-1944 Hikari Akira
* 1944-1945 Soga Kajimatsu
* 1945-1946 Hirai Fumi
* 1946 Hiroshi Nagai
* 1946-1947 Saburo Sakurai (1st time)

## Elected governors

* 1947 Naoto Suzuki
* 1947-1959 Saburo Sakurai (2nd time)
* 1959-1971 Kosaku Teramoto
* 1971-1983 Issei Sawada
* 1983-1991 Morihiro Hosokawa
* 1991-2000 Joji Fukushima
* 2000-2008 Yoshiko Shiotani
* 2008–2024 Ikuo Kabashima
* 2024–present Takashi Kimura
# Hans Dichgans

Hans Dichgans (16 May 1907 – 21 March 1980) was a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) and former member of the German Bundestag.

## Life

In 1954 he became a member of the Christian Democratic Union of Germany and from 1955 was chairman of the CDU district group Lohausen-Stockum in Düsseldorf.
Dichgans was a member of the German Bundestag from 17 October 1961 to 22 September 1972 and was always elected via the state list of the CDU in North Rhine-Westphalia. From 1961 to 1970 he was a member of the European Parliament.

## Literature

Herbst, Ludolf; Jahn, Bruno (2002). Vierhaus, Rudolf (ed.). Biographisches Handbuch der Mitglieder des Deutschen Bundestages. 1949–2002 [Biographical Handbook of the Members of the German Bundestag. 1949–2002] (in German). München: De Gruyter - De Gruyter Saur. p. 1715. ISBN 978-3-11-184511-1.
# 1934–35 Tranmere Rovers F.C. season

Tranmere Rovers F.C. played the 1934–35 season in the Football League Third Division North. It was their 14th season of league football, and they finished 12th of 22. They reached the First Round of the FA Cup.
The first man to hold a position at Tranmere equivalent to what is today referred to as a manager was Bert Cooke, who was appointed manager in 1912, though the directors continued to choose the team for each game. Cooke stayed in charge for 23 years, the longest spell of any manager at the club. He oversaw the club's victory in the Lancashire Combination in 1914, promotion to the Central League in 1919 and, as founder members of Division Three North, their first Football League match on 27 August 1921. He also developed a string of talented local youngsters, including Dixie Dean and Pongo Waring. However, in 1935, Cooke's career ended in discredit; following illegal payments to directors and players, he was sacked and replaced by Jack Carr.

## Football League

| Pos | Teamvte | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GAv | Pts | Promotion |
| 4 | Lincoln City | 42 | 22 | 7 | 13 | 87 | 58 | 1.500 | 51 | |
| 5 | Darlington | 42 | 21 | 9 | 12 | 80 | 59 | 1.356 | 51 | |
| 6 | Tranmere Rovers | 42 | 20 | 11 | 11 | 74 | 55 | 1.345 | 51 | Welsh Cup winners |
| 7 | Stockport County | 42 | 22 | 3 | 17 | 90 | 72 | 1.250 | 47 | |
| 8 | Mansfield Town | 42 | 19 | 9 | 14 | 75 | 62 | 1.210 | 47 | |
# Live Is My Jumby

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Live Is My Jumby is a live album by Boston trio The Slip. It was recorded in 2001 at the Aladdin Theater in Portland, Oregon, and The Wetlands in New York City, and was released in 2002 on the band's own KA record label.

## Track listing

* "Wolof" – 12:17
* "Pictures of Calysto" – 11:47
* "The Lucky Dragon" – 12:13
* "Wompsett" – 9:55
* "Yellow Medicine" – 20:56
# Mirage bowl

Mirage bowl may refer to:
* Mirage Bowl (college football), a series of annual college football games played in Tokyo, Japan, later renamed the Coca-Cola Classic
* An optical illusion device using a parabolic reflector
# Live It Up

Live It Up may refer to:

## Film and television

* Live It Up! (film), a 1963 English music-film
* Live It Up! (TV program), a 1978–1990 Canadian lifestyle program

## Music
### Albums

* Live It Up (Crosby, Stills & Nash album) or the title song, 1990
* Live It Up (David Johansen album), 1982
* Live It Up! (Holly Woods album) or the title song, 2007
* Live It Up (Isley Brothers album) or the title song (see below), 1974
* Live It Up! (Johnny Mathis album) or the title song, 1962
* Live It Up (Lee DeWyze album) or the title song, 2010

### Songs

* "Live It Up" (360 song), 2014
* "Live It Up" (Bill Haley song), 1953
* "Live It Up" (Isley Brothers song), 1974
* "Live It Up" (Jennifer Lopez song), 2013
* "Live It Up" (Marshall Dyllon song), 2000
* "Live It Up" (Mental As Anything song), 1985
* "Live It Up" (Nicky Jam song), 2018
* "Live It Up" (Tulisa song), 2012
* "Live It Up" (Yüksek Sadakat song), 2011
* "Live It Up", by Airbourne from Black Dog Barking
* "Live It Up", by Blondie from Autoamerican
* "Live It Up", by Colbie Caillat from Gypsy Heart
* "Live It Up", by Dusty Springfield from Dusty
* "Live It Up", by Group 1 Crew from Outta Space Love
* "Live It Up", by Heinz
* "Live It Up", by J. Williams
* "Live It Up", by Jeannie Ortega from the soundtrack of the film Jump In!
* "Live It Up", by Juliana Hatfield from Bed
* "Live It Up", by Lloyd Banks from V.6: The Gift
* "Live it Up", by Owl City from The Smurfs 2
* "Live It Up", by REO Speedwagon from The Earth, a Small Man, His Dog and a Chicken
* "Live It Up", by Sheryl Crow from Wildflower
* "Live It Up", by Ted Nugent from Cat Scratch Fever
* "Live It Up", by Time Bandits
# Herbrandization

The Herbrandization of a logical formula (named after Jacques Herbrand) is a construction that is dual to the Skolemization of a formula. Thoralf Skolem had considered the Skolemizations of formulas in prenex form as part of his proof of the Löwenheim–Skolem theorem (Skolem 1920). Herbrand worked with this dual notion of Herbrandization, generalized to apply to non-prenex formulas as well, in order to prove Herbrand's theorem (Herbrand 1930).
The resulting formula is not necessarily equivalent to the original one. As with Skolemization, which only preserves satisfiability, Herbrandization being Skolemization's dual preserves validity: the resulting formula is valid if and only if the original one is.

## Definition and examples

Let $F$ be a formula in the language of first-order logic. We may assume that $F$ contains no variable that is bound by two different quantifier occurrences, and that no variable occurs both bound and free. (That is, $F$ could be relettered to ensure these conditions, in such a way that the result is an equivalent formula).
The Herbrandization of $F$ is then obtained as follows:
* First, replace any free variables in $F$ by constant symbols.
* Second, delete all quantifiers on variables that are either (1) universally quantified and within an even number of negation signs, or (2) existentially quantified and within an odd number of negation signs.
* Finally, replace each such variable $v$ with a function symbol $f_{v}(x_{1},\dots ,x_{k})$, where $x_{1},\dots ,x_{k}$ are the variables that are still quantified, and whose quantifiers govern $v$.
For instance, consider the formula $F:=\forall y\exists x[R(y,x)\wedge \neg \exists zS(x,z)]$. There are no free variables to replace. The variables $y,z$ are the kind we consider for the second step, so we delete the quantifiers $\forall y$ and $\exists z$. Finally, we then replace $y$ with a constant $c_{y}$ (since there were no other quantifiers governing $y$), and we replace $z$ with a function symbol $f_{z}(x)$:
    $F^{H}=\exists x[R(c_{y},x)\wedge \neg S(x,f_{z}(x))].$
The Skolemization of a formula is obtained similarly, except that in the second step above, we would delete quantifiers on variables that are either (1) existentially quantified and within an even number of negations, or (2) universally quantified and within an odd number of negations. Thus, considering the same $F$ from above, its Skolemization would be:
    $F^{S}=\forall y[R(y,f_{x}(y))\wedge \neg \exists zS(f_{x}(y),z)].$
To understand the significance of these constructions, see Herbrand's theorem or the Löwenheim–Skolem theorem.
# 1948 UCI Road World Championships – Men's road race

The men's road race at the 1948 UCI Road World Championships was the 15th edition of the event. The race took place on Sunday 22 August 1948 in Valkenburg, the Netherlands. The race was won by Briek Schotte of Belgium.
The race was strongly influenced by rivalry between Fausto Coppi and Gino Bartali, among the favourite athletes participating. The two only focused on controlling each other, not pursuing the victory. They were later heavy criticised in Italy for this. The Italian Cycling Federation even suspended them from competitive activity for three months.

## Final classification

| Rank | Rider | Time |
| | Briek Schotte (BEL) | 7h 30' 42" |
| | Apo Lazaridès (FRA) | + 1" |
| | Lucien Teisseire (FRA) | + 3' 41" |
| 4 | Luciano Maggini (ITA) | + 6' 33" |
| 5 | Marcel Dupont (BEL) | + 6' 59" |
| 6 | Mario Ricci (ITA) | + 7' 43" |
| 7 | Ferdinand Kübler (SUI) | + 9' 53" |
| 8 | Vito Ortelli (ITA) | + 13' 00" |
| 9 | Raymond Impanis (BEL) | + 13' 00" |
| 10 | Huub Syen (NED) | + 14' 24" |