OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Charles B. Finch

Charles Baker Finch (March 5, 1920 – July 15, 1996) was an American businessman and lawyer. He served as President and CEO of Allegheny Power System from 1971 to 1985.

## Early life and education

Charles Finch was the second son of Henry Le Roy Finch and Mary Farquhar Baker and the grandson of Stephen Baker, President of the Bank of the Manhattan Company. He had three brothers: Henry Leroy Finch Jr., Stephen Baker Finch and John Finch.
Finch grew up in Manhattan and attended the Buckley School and Phillips Academy, where he was awarded the George Lauder Prize for Excellence in English History prior to his graduation in 1937. He attended Yale University (B.A., 1941) and Yale Law School (L.L.B., 1944), where he was comment editor of the law review the Yale Law Journal.

## Career

After graduating from law school, Finch argued multiple cases before the United States Supreme Court. He eventually joined Allegheny Power System where he was elected president and chief executive officer in 1971. He later also became Chairman of the Board at Allegheny. He served as CEO and Chairman until he was succeeded by Klaus Bergman as CEO in 1985. Finch continued to serve as Chairman at Allegheny for several years.

## Charitable work and politics

Finch sat on the boards of dozens of foundations, colleges, and companies, notable among them the Josiah Macy, Jr Foundation and Cooper Union, where a lab is named after him. He was elected president of the New York City Mission in 1956 and served in that role for three years. He was also involved in politics, which landed him on the master list of Nixon political opponents. Ironically, his first cousin, once removed, Edward Ridley Finch Cox, married Nixon's daughter.

## Background

Finch married Angela Havens of Hewlett, New York in 1943. Their son Charles B. Finch, Jr., born in 1954, made a brief run for the United States Congress in 1984 and also ran for New York's 15th congressional district on the East Side of Manhattan in 1986. Their second son, William Finch, was born in 1956. He is the grandfather of author Charles Finch.
# C&A Carbone, Inc. v. Town of Clarkstown

C&A Carbone, Inc. v. Town of Clarkstown, New York, 511 U.S. 383 (1994), was a case before the United States Supreme Court in which the plaintiff, a private recycler with business in Clarkstown, New York, sought to ship its non-recyclable waste to cheaper waste processors out-of-state. Clarkstown opposed the move, and the company then brought suit, raising the unconstitutionality of Clarkstown's "flow control ordinance," which required solid wastes that were not recyclable or hazardous to be deposited at a particular private company's transfer facility. The ordinance involved fees that were above market rates. The Supreme Court sided with the plaintiff, concluding that Clarkstown's ordinance violated the Dormant Commerce Clause.
Furthermore, the Supreme Court held, "Discrimination against interstate commerce in favor of local business or investment is per se invalid," with a very narrow exception where the city can show, under rigorous scrutiny, that there are no other means to advance a legitimate local interest. In the case at hand, the city could have subsidized the waste disposal plant, which was at least one alternative to the discriminatory law that the city tried to use.
Justice Anthony Kennedy delivered the opinion of the Court. It was held that the ordinance: (1) regulated interstate commerce, because (a) the company's recycling center processed waste from places other than the town, including from out of state, and (b) the ordinance: (i) drove up the cost for out-of-state interests to dispose of their solid waste, and (ii) deprived out-of-state businesses of access to a local market; and (2) violated the commerce clause by depriving competitors, including out-of-state firms, of access to a local market, because: (a) the ordinance: (i) discriminated by allowing only the favored operator to process waste within the town, (ii) hoarded solid waste, and the demand to get rid of it, for the benefit of the preferred processing facility, and (iii) squelched competition in waste-processing service, and (b) the town: (i) had nondiscriminatory alternatives, such as uniform safety regulations enacted without the object to discriminate, for addressing the health and environmental problems alleged to justify the ordinance, (ii) could not justify the ordinance as a way to steer solid waste away from out-of-town disposal sites that the town might deem harmful to the environment, where to do so would extend the town's police power beyond its jurisdictional bounds, and (iii) could subsidize the facility through general taxes or municipal bonds.
Justice Sandra Day O'Connor, in an opinion concurring with the judgment of the Court, agreed with the majority that the ordinance violated the commerce clause, but rejected the view that the ordinance discriminated against interstate commerce. Instead, she believed that the ordinance was unconstitutional since it imposed an excessive burden on interstate commerce.
# Camilla Sømod

Camilla Sømod (born 27 February 1985), is a Danish athlete who competes in compound archery. She has represented the Danish national senior team since 1999. Her achievements include medals at the World Archery Championships (including gold at the Junior World Championships in 2002, FITA Archery World Cup, European Archery Championships, and becoming the world number one ranked archer in August 2009.
Sømod ended her professional career after the WORLD ARCHERY CHAMPIONSHIPS 2015 in Copenhagen.

## Worklife after retirement from sports career

Since 2015 Camilla has been full time employed in the family business Sømods Bolcher.
Sømods Bolcher was appointed a Purveyors To The Royal Danish Court in 1991. The appointment was made the same year as the companies 100th anniversary.
# Kevin Kaczmarski

Kevin Kaczmarski (born December 31, 1991) is an American former professional baseball outfielder. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Mets in 2018.

## Career

Kaczmarski graduated from Prairie Ridge High School in Crystal Lake, Illinois in 2010. After graduating, he enrolled at the University of Evansville where he played college baseball for the Evansville Purple Aces. In 2014, as a junior at Evansville, he batted .315 with four home runs and 50 RBIs in 55 games. He was not selected in the 2014 MLB draft. As a senior in 2015, he played in 46 games and hit five home runs with 57 RBIs and led the nation with a .465 batting average.

### New York Mets

After his senior year, he was drafted by the New York Mets in the ninth round of the 2015 MLB draft and he signed for $5,000.
After signing, Kaczmarski made his professional debut that same year with the Kingsport Mets and spent the remainder of the season there, batting .355 with four home runs and 34 RBIs in 64 games. In 2016, he played for both the Columbia Fireflies and St. Lucie Mets, slashing a combined .280/.360/.413 with two home runs and 46 RBIs in 111 total games between both teams, and in 2017, he played for the Binghamton Mets where he hit .274 with five home runs, 52 RBIs, and 15 stolen bases in 128 games. After the 2017 season, he played in the Arizona Fall League. He began 2018 with the Las Vegas 51s.
Kaczmarski was called up by the Mets on June 23, 2018. In 24 games for Las Vegas prior to his promotion, he batted .363/.413/.450. Kaczmarski made his Major League debut at Citi Field on June 24 against the Los Angeles Dodgers, grounding out as a pinch hitter. He was designated for assignment on August 2, 2018.
He was assigned to Double-A Binghamton to start the 2019 season. He retired on September 20, 2019.
# Siliwangi Stadium

Siliwangi Stadium or Stadion Siliwangi is a multi-purpose stadium in Bandung, Indonesia. It is currently used mostly for football matches. The stadium is owned by the Siliwangi Regional Military Commando (Komando Daerah Militer Siliwangi). The stadium holds 25,000.
The Siliwangi Stadium was the former home base for Persib Bandung until the team left the venue in 2012, citing quality of the pitch, and the construction of the Si Jalak Harupat Soreang Stadium and Gelora Bandung Lautan Api Stadium. The military-owned PS TNI played at the venue during the temporary Indonesia Soccer Championship league in 2016, but the team only played two home matches there before moving to Pakansari Stadium due to the stadium being used as a cricket venue for the Pekan Olahraga Nasional.
# Subak (surname)

Subak is a surname. Notable people with the name include:
* Leslee Subak, American gynecologist
* Susan Subak, American environmental scientist
# Khempheng Pholsena

Khempheng Pholsena (born 1948) is a Laotian politician and head of the Water Resources and the Environment Authority.

## Early life

Khempheng Pholsena was born on 6 June 1948 in Pakse, Champasak Province. For higher studies she moved to Vietnam and later attended the Moscow Energy Institute in erstwhile Soviet Union.

## Career

Pholsena began her career with a job in the Laotian Ministry of Trade and Industry. For a brief period, she worked as a secretary at the Laotian embassy in Moscow before being appointed the first female Vice-Minister in charge for international economic cooperation. Later she served as the Committee for Planning and Cooperation's vice-president and in 1996 was transferred to the Prime Minister's Office.
Pholsena was chosen the first woman vice-president of the Asian Development Bank in 2004. She is also the President of the Lao National Mekong Committee beside being the Minister-in-charge for Water Resources. In 2014, she was appointed the Minister of Industry and Commerce and vice-president of the National Women's Organisation.
# Giuseppe Campani

Giuseppe Campani (1635–July 28, 1715) was an Italian optician and astronomer who lived in Rome during the latter half of the 17th century.

## Life

Giuseppe Campani was born in 1635. He was an Umbrian from Castel San Felice near Spoleto. His lenses and telescopes, made in Rome, were sent as far as Florence and Paris. Campani was known as the best maker of optical instruments of his age. His brother, Matteo Campani-Alimenis, and he were experts in grinding and polishing lenses, especially for very long focal length aerial telescope objectives. His brother is also noted as a mechanician for his work on clocks. He was a priest in charge of a parish in Rome.
Louis XIV of France ordered several long-focus lenses (86, 100, 136 feet respectively) for the astronomer Giovanni Domenico Cassini. With these Cassini found several moons of the planet Saturn, among other discoveries. Constantijn Huygens, Jr., brother of Christiaan Huygens, acquired one of Campani's telescopes. While in London in 1689 he ordered a new tube for the instrument from the instrument maker John Marshall.

## Astronomer

Campani made many observations himself. Cassini called his attention to the spots on Jupiter, and he disputed with Eustachio Divini, an Italian optician, the priority of their discovery. His astronomical observations and his descriptions of his telescopes are detailed in the following papers: Ragguaglio di due nuovi osservazioni, una celeste in ordine alla stella di Saturno, e terrestre l'altra in ordine agl' instrumenti (Rome, 1664, and again in 1665); Lettere di G. C. al sig. Giovanni Domenico Cassini intorno alle ombre delle stelle Medicee nel volto di Giove, ed altri nuovi fenomeni celesti scoperti co' suoi occhiali (Rome, 1666).

## Instruments

Campani's entire workshop was donated to the Gabinetto di Fisica of the Academy of Sciences of Bologna Institute in 1747. His telescopes were 20 to 50 feet (6.1 to 15.2 m) in length. A 10 feet (3.0 m) telescope by Campani was tested in 1871 and was found to provide good definition and a flat field, with a magnification of about 20 times. A tripod compound monocular microscope made by Campani is held in the Billings microscope collection at Walter Reed Army Medical Center in Washington, D.C.

## Works

* Ragguaglio di due nuove osservazioni una celeste in ordine alla stella di Saturno; e terrestre l'altra in ordine a gl'istrumenti medesimi, co' quali s'e fatta l'una e l'altra osservazione (in Italian). Roma: Fabio Di Falco. 1664.
# Blennidus leleuporum

Blennidus leleuporum is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Pterostichinae. It was described by Reichardt in 1976.
# Seoul Peace Prize

The Seoul Peace Prize was established in 1990 as a biennial recognition with monetary award to commemorate the success of the 24th Summer Olympic Games held in Seoul, South Korea, an event in which 160 nations from across the world took part, creating harmony and friendship. The Seoul Peace Prize was established to crystallize the wishes of the Korean people for peace in the Korean peninsula and the rest of the world. The nominating group, the Seoul Peace Prize Cultural Foundation, consists of 500 Korean nationals and 800 internationals. The awardee receives a diploma, a plaque and honorarium of US$200,000.
Past Seoul Peace Prize recipients have gone on to be nominated and awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, including Médecins Sans Frontières (1996 SPP, 1999 NPP) and Bangladeshi Dr. Muhammad Yunus (2006 SPP, 2006 NPP), the founder of Grameen Bank which pioneered the concept of microcredit for supporting innovators in multiple developing countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America, and also inspired programs such as the Infolady Social Entrepreneurship Programme of Dnet (A Social Enterprise).

## Recipients

| Year | Recipient | Country |
| 1990 | Juan Antonio Samaranch | Spain |
| 1992 | George Shultz | United States |
| 1996 | Médecins Sans Frontières | Switzerland |
| 1998 | Kofi Annan | Ghana |
| 2000 | Sadako Ogata | Japan |
| 2002 | Oxfam | United Kingdom |
| 2004 | Václav Havel | Czech Republic |
| 2006 | Muhammad Yunus | Bangladesh |
| 2008 | Suzanne Scholte | United States |
| 2010 | José Antonio Abreu | Venezuela |
| 2012 | Ban Ki-moon | South Korea |
| 2014 | Angela Merkel | Germany |
| 2016 | Denis Mukwege | Democratic Republic of the Congo |
| 2018 | Narendra Modi | India |
| 2020 | Thomas Bach | Germany |
| 2022 | Tim Berners-Lee | United Kingdom |
# Catrin Bitén

Catrin Bitén is a Swedish female curler.
She is a three-time Swedish mixed champion (2004, 2012, 2018) and a 2010 Swedish mixed doubles champion.

## Teams
### Women's

| Season | Skip | Third | Second | Lead | Alternate | Events |
| 2017–18 | Catrin Bitén | Anne-Li Sjölund | Susanne Patz | Katarina Nyberg | Elisabeth Persson | SSCC 2018 |
| 2018–19 | Anne-Li Sjölund (fourth) | Catrin Bitén (skip) | Susanne Patz | Katarina Nyberg | | SSCC 2019 (5th) |

### Mixed

| Season | Skip | Third | Second | Lead | Coach | Events |
| 2003–04 | Elisabeth Norredahl | Rickard Hallström | Catrin Bitén | Fredrik Hallström | | SMxCC 2004 |
| 2011–12 | Rickard Hallström | Elisabeth Norredahl | Fredrik Hallström | Catrin Bitén | | SMxCC 2012 |
| 2012–13 | Rickard Hallström | Elisabeth Norredahl | Fredrik Hallström | Catrin Bitén | Marcus Olovsson | EMxCC 2012 |
| 2012–13 | Rickard Hallström | Catrin Bitén | Per Carlsén | Camilla Johansson | | SMxCC 2013 (5th) |
| 2013–14 | Rickard Hallström | Elisabeth Norredahl | Per Carlsén | Catrin Bitén | | SMxCC 2014 (5th) |
| 2014–15 | Rickard Hallström | Elisabeth Norredahl | Fredrik Hallström | Catrin Bitén | Anders Bitén | SMxCC 2015 |
| 2015–16 | Rickard Hallström | Elisabeth Norredahl | Fredrik Hallström | Catrin Bitén | Anders Bitén | SMxCC 2016 (5th) |
| 2016–17 | Rickard Hallström | Elisabeth Norredahl | Fredrik Hallström | Catrin Bitén | | SMxCC 2017 (9th) |
| 2017–18 | Rickard Hallström | Elisabeth Norredahl | Fredrik Hallström | Catrin Bitén | | SMxCC 2018 |
| 2018–19 | Rickard Hallström | Elisabeth Norredahl | Fredrik Hallström | Catrin Bitén | Marcus Olovsson (WMxCC) | WMxCC 2018 (9th) SMxCC 2019 (13th) |

### Mixed doubles

| Season | Male | Female | Events |
| 2007–08 | Rickard Hallström | Catrin Bitén | SMDCC 2008 |
| 2009–10 | Rickard Hallström | Catrin Bitén | SMDCC 2010 |
| 2011–12 | Rickard Hallström | Catrin Bitén | SMDCC 2012 (5th) |
# Siliștea

Siliștea may refer to several places in Romania:
* Siliștea, Brăila, a commune in Brăila County
* Siliștea, Constanța, a commune in Constanța County
* Siliștea, Teleorman, a commune in Teleorman County
* Siliștea Gumești, a commune in Teleorman County
* Siliștea, a village in Căteasca Commune, Argeș County
* Siliștea, a village in Mileanca Commune, Botoșani County
* Siliștea, a village in Stăuceni Commune, Botoșani County
* Siliștea, a village in Valea Argovei Commune, Călărași County
* Siliștea, a village in Raciu Commune, Dâmbovița County
* Siliștea, a village in Runcu Commune, Dâmbovița County
* Siliștea, a village in Umbrărești Commune, Galați County
* Siliștea, a village in Români Commune, Neamț County
* Siliștea, a village in Tătaru Commune, Prahova County
* Siliștea, a district in the town of Liteni, Suceava County
* Siliștea, a village in Vitănești Commune, Teleorman County
* Siliștea, a village in Iana Commune, Vaslui County
* Siliștea, a village in Pungești Commune, Vaslui County
* Siliștea, a village in Todirești Commune, Vaslui County
* Siliștea Nouă, a district in the town of Dolhasca, Suceava County
* Siliștea (Morișca), a tributary of the Morișca in Botoșani County
* Siliștea (Țibrin), a tributary of the Țibrin in Constanța County
* Siliștea (Valea Porumbenilor), a tributary of the Valea Porumbenilor in Giurgiu County
# Stylidium edentatum

Stylidium edentatum is a dicotyledonous plant that belongs to the genus Stylidium (family Stylidiaceae). It is an annual plant that grows around 6 cm tall. The elliptical leaves form a basal rosettes around the stem. The leaves are around 0.3-0.8 mm long with recurved margins. Inflorescences are produced on solitary scapes and bear flowers that are white with rose-coloured markings at the base of the corolla lobes and two tooth-shaped throat appendages present. S. edentatum was a previously overlooked species that is related to and appears similar to S. calcaratum and S. ecorne. Allen Lowrie and Sherwin Carlquist described this species in 1989 and argued that if S. ecorne is considered distinct from S. calcaratum, then certainly S. edentatum warrants placement at the species level. It differs from S. calcaratum and S. ecorne by the long petioles on its recurved leaves, and the cuneate, obtuse, and unlobed posterior corolla lobes. They also have a distinctive lateral toothlike appendage at the base of each posterior corolla lobe. S. edentatum is endemic to southwestern Western Australia.
# Spirit of Nuff...Nuff

Spirit of Nuff...Nuff is an album by Henry Threadgill released on the Black Saint label in 1991 produced by Flavio and Giovanni Bonandrini. The album and features seven of Threadgill's compositions performed by Threadgill's Very Very Circus with Curtis Fowlkes, Brandon Ross, Masujaa, Marcus Rojas, Edwin Rodriguez, and Gene Lake.

## Reception

The Allmusic review by Stephen Cook awarded the album 4½ stars, stating, "Henry Threadgill changes direction once again with a two tuba, two guitar, trombone, and drums outfit he calls Very Very Circus. Threadgill's layered, idiosyncratic compositions still abound, but as one would expect from a front line like this, the sound is darker and more dense than on prior releases... Another excellent title from one of jazz's most progressive and original artists".
Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings | |

## Track listing

All compositions by Henry Threadgill
* "Hope a Hope A" - 7:40
* "Unrealistic Love" - 10:39
* "Drivin' You Slow and Crazy" - 10:29
* "Bee Dee Aff" - 9:28
* "First Church of This" - 8:04
* "Exacto" - 5:02
* "In the Ring" - 6:48
Recorded at R.P.M. Studios, New York City on November 19, 20, and 21, 1990

## Personnel

* Henry Threadgill - alto saxophone, flute
* Curtis Fowlkes - trombone
* Brandon Ross, Masujaa - electric guitar
* Marcus Rojas, Edwin Rodriguez - tuba
* Gene Lake - drums
# Solar cycle 5

Solar cycle 5 was the fifth solar cycle since 1755, when extensive recording of solar sunspot activity began. The solar cycle lasted 12.3 years, beginning in April 1798 and ending in August 1810 (thus falling within the Dalton Minimum). The maximum smoothed sunspot number observed during the solar cycle was 82.0, in February 1805 (the second-lowest of any cycle to date, behind solar cycle 6, as a result of being part of the Dalton Minimum), and the starting minimum was 5.3.
# Maryna Bardina

Maryna Olehivna Bardina (born on 17 December 1992) is a People's Deputy of Ukraine of the 9th convocation. Deputy head of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine Committee on Foreign Policy and Interparliamentary Cooperation, head of the subcommittee on Ukraine's compliance with international obligations in human rights protection and gender policy. Member of the Permanent Delegation to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe.

## Early life and education

In 2015, Maryna Bardina studied at The Visegrad Academy for the Political Leadership project. In 2016, she graduated from the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy with a master's degree in sociology. In 2017, Bardina graduated from The James S. Denton Transatlantic Fellowship (Washington, US) and completed an internship at the headquarters of the International Republican Institute. In 2020, she obtained a master's degree in International Law at the Institute of International Relations of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv.

## Career
### Professional activity

In 2016–2019, Maryna Bardina was an assistant consultant to the People's Deputy of Ukraine Serhiy Leshchenko. From 2015 to 2016, she was a parliamentary intern of the National Democratic Institute for the inter-factional parliamentary association "Euro-Optimists".

### Social activities

Bardina studied local self-government and the procedure for creating and functioning communities in Austria. She is a member of the Association of the "Youth Will Change Ukraine" program of the Bohdan Havrylyshyn Charitable Foundation. Bardina ran for the Vyshenkiv village council of the Boryspil district of the Kyiv region.
Since 2011, she has been researching human rights issues in the field of gender equality. Co-founder of the "Equality Time" public organization. Bardina is the author of a number of scientific articles on gender topics.

### Political career

Before being elected to the Parliament of Ukraine, Bardina was an expert on equality of rights and opportunities for men and women in the President of Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyy team. She was the Candidate for People's Deputies from the Servant of the People party in the 2019 parliamentary elections, No. 62 on the list.