OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# French submarine Monge (1908)

French submarine Monge (Q67) was one of 18 Pluviôse-class submarines built for the French Navy (Marine Nationale) in the first decade in the 20th century.

## Design and description

The Pluviôse class were built as part of the French Navy's 1905 building program to a double-hull design by Maxime Laubeuf. The submarines displaced 404 metric tons (398 long tons) surfaced and 553 metric tons (544 long tons) submerged. They had an overall length of 51.12 meters (167 ft 9 in), a beam of 4.96 meters (16 ft 3 in), and a draft of 3.15 meters (10 ft 4 in). Their crew numbered 2 officers and 23 enlisted men.
For surface running, the boats were powered by two 350-metric-horsepower (345 bhp; 257 kW) triple-expansion steam engines, each driving one propeller shaft using steam provided by two Du Temple boilers. When submerged each propeller was driven by a 230-metric-horsepower (227 bhp; 169 kW) electric motor. On the surface they were designed to reach a maximum speed of 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph) and 8 knots (15 km/h; 9.2 mph) underwater. The submarines had a surface endurance of 865 nautical miles (1,602 km; 995 mi) at 11.6 knots (21.5 km/h; 13.3 mph) and a submerged endurance of 70 nmi (130 km; 81 mi) at 2.8 knots (5.2 km/h; 3.2 mph).
The first six boats completed were armed with a single 450-millimeter (17.7 in) internal bow torpedo tube, but this was deleted from the rest of the submarines after an accident with their sister Fresnel in 1909. All of the boats were fitted with six 450 mm external torpedo launchers; the pair firing forward were fixed outwards at an angle of seven degrees and the rear pair had an angle of five degrees. Following a ministerial order on 22 February 1910, the aft tubes were reversed so they too fired forward, but at an angle of eight degrees. The other launchers were a rotating pair of Drzewiecki drop collars in a single mount positioned on top of the hull at the stern. They could traverse 150 degrees to each side of the boat. The Pluviôse-class submarines carried eight torpedoes.

## Construction and career

Monge, named after the 18th-century mathematician and Minister of Marine Gaspard Monge, was ordered on 24 August 1905 from the Arsenal de Toulon. The submarine was laid down in 1906, launched on 31 December 1908 and commissioned on 2 August 1910.
At the outbreak of the First World War Monge was part of the French Mediterranean Fleet and sailed with that force to the Adriatic tasked with bringing the Austro-Hungarian Fleet to battle or blockading it in its home ports.
On 29 December 1915, while on patrol off Cattaro under the command of Lieutenant Roland Morillot during the Battle of Durazzo, Monge sighted the cruiser Helgoland and an escorting destroyer. She closed to attack, but was spotted and rammed by Helgoland. She surfaced and was abandoned, her commander staying aboard to ensure she sank. For this action Morillot was honoured by having a submarine, the captured German UB-26, renamed after him.
# Lord Darcy Investigates

Lord Darcy Investigates is a collection of short stories by Randall Garrett featuring his alternate history detective Lord Darcy. It was first published in paperback in 1981 by Ace Books, and has been reprinted a number of times since. It was later gathered together with Murder and Magic (1979) and Too Many Magicians into the omnibus collection Lord Darcy (1983, expanded 2002).
The book collects four Lord Darcy short stories originally published in the magazines Analog Science Fact & Fiction in October 1974 and December 1976, and June 1965, Fantastic in May 1976, Isaac Asimov's Science Fiction Magazine in April 1979.
The Lord Darcy stories are set in an alternate world whose history supposedly diverged from our own during the reign of King Richard the Lionheart, in which King John never reigned and most of Western Europe and the Americas are united in an Angevin Empire whose continental possessions were never lost by that king. In this world a magic-based technology has developed in place of the science of our own world.

## Contents

* "A Matter of Gravity" (1974)
* "The Ipswich Phial" (1976)
* "The Sixteen Keys" (1976)
* "The Napoli Express" (1979)

## Reception

Greg Costikyan reviewed Lord Darcy Investigates in Ares Magazine #12 and commented that "Personally, I find the Darcy series rather drab, but then I have never liked mysteries much. Those who enjoy the genre swear by Garrett, so my low opinion may be discounted."

## Reviews

* Review by Baird Searles (1982) in Isaac Asimov's Science Fiction Magazine, February 15, 1982
* Review by C. W. Sullivan, III (1982) in Science Fiction & Fantasy Book Review, #3, April 1982
* Review by Bob Barger (1982) in Science Fiction Review, Summer 1982
# Big Sky Ranch

Big Sky Ranch is a movie ranch in Simi Valley, California, that is used for the filming of Western television series and motion pictures, among other projects. The Ventura County Cultural Heritage Board designated several of these buildings County Landmark #71 in July 1981. The ranch is within the Los Angeles Studio Zone.

## History

The site is part of the 12,500-acre (5,058.57 ha) (19.5 sq.mi.) ranch purchased by the Patterson Ranch Co. in 1903 to raise grain, cattle, hogs and sheep. J. Paul Getty bought the ranch in the 1930s. After purchasing the ranch in 1981, Watt Enterprises named it Big Sky Ranch. Many of the sets were destroyed by a wildfire in 2003.

## Productions

Television episodes and productions filmed at Big Sky Ranch include: Rawhide, Gunsmoke, Little House on the Prairie, Highway to Heaven, Father Murphy, Carnivàle, The Thorn Birds, The Yellow Rose, Tales from the Crypt and Westworld.
Films shot at the location include Coming to America (1988), Sidekicks (1974), The Gambler Returns: The Luck of the Draw (1991), Siringo (1996) and Annabelle: Creation (2017).
# La Reverdie

La Reverdie, stylized as "LaReverdie", is an Italian group performing polyphonic medieval and Renaissance music.

## Group members

* Elisabetta de Mircovich - vocal, vielle
* Claudia Caffagni - vocal, lute, psaltery
* Livia Caffagni - vocal, flute, vielle
* Doron David Sherwin - vocal, cornett

## Discography

* 1990 - Bestiarium. Animals in the Music of the Middle Ages - Nuovo Era 6970, reedited with new track order as Cantus 9601
* 1992 - Speculum amoris. Lyrique d'Amour médiéval, du Mysticisme à l'érotisme - Arcana A336
* 1993 - Guinevere, Yseut, Melusine. The heritage of Celtic womanhood in the Middle Ages - Giulia "Musica Antiqua" GS 201007
* 1993 - O Tu Chara Sciença. Musique de la Pensée Médiévale - Arcana A29 - Arcana A332
* 1994 - Laude di Sancta Maria. Veillée de chants de dévotion dans l'Italie des Communes - Arcana 34
* 1995 - Suso in Italia Bella. Musique dans les cours & cloître de l'italie du Nord - Arcana A38 - Arcana A320
* 1997 - Insula Feminarum. Résonances médiévales de la Féminité Celte - Arcana A311
* 1999 - Legenda Aurea. Laudes des Saints au Trecento italien - Arcana 304
* 1998 - La Nuit de Saint Nicholas. La Reverdie et chant grégorien - Arcana A72
* 1999 - Historia Sancti Eadmundi. De la liturgie dramatique au drame liturgique - Arcana A43
* 2001 - La Reverdie en Concierto. Festival Internacional de Santander - RTVE Música 65131
* 2001 - Nox-Lux. Musique française et anglaise des XIII$^e$ et XIV$^e$ siècles - Arcana A 307
* 2002 - Voyage en Italie - Arcana 317
* 2003 - Hildegard Von Bingen: Sponsa regis. La Victoire de la Vierge dans l'œuvre d'Hildegard von Bingen. La Reverdie et chant de Saint Bernard - Arcana A314
* 2005 - Jacopo da Bologna, Madrigali e Cacce - Arcana A327
* 2006 - Guillaume Dufay, Missa Sancti Jacobi - Arcana A342
* 2009 - Carmina Burana, sarcasmes sacrés - Arcana A353
* 2013 - I Dodici Giardini, Arcana

## Festivals

La Reverdie have performed in numerous early music festivals. An incomplete list is given here:
* Festival Cusiano di Musica Antica (Orta San Giulio 1987, 1988, 1991, 1992, 1994,1995, 1997, 2000, 2003, 2007)
* Il Canto delle Pietre (Autunno Musicale di Como 1990, 1993, 1994, 1996, 1998, 2001, 2007)
* Regensburg Tage Alter Musik [de] (1992, 2000)
* Festival van Vlaanderen (Brussels, 1992, 1993, 1995, 2005, 2007)
* Netwerk voor Oude Muziek (Utrecht, 1994, 2004)
* Festival de Mùsica antiga (Barcelona, 1995)
* Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde (Vienna, 1996)
* Semana de Musica Antigua (Burgos, 1997)
* Festival de San Sebastian (2009)
* Rhein-Renaissance ‘97 (Cologne 1997)
* Rencontres Internationales de Musique Médiévale (Le Thoronet)
* Festival Musicale Estense (Modena 1999, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2007)
* Settembre Musica (Turin, 1997, 1999)
* MiTo (Milan/Turin 2006)
* Trigonale (Austria, 2009)
* I Concerti del Quirinale (2002)
* Settimane Musicali di Stresa (2002, 2009)
* Festival Musique en Catalogne Romane (Perpignano, 2004)
* Festival Pergolesi-Spontini (Jesi, 2005)
* Ravenna Festival (2005, 2007, 2015)
* York Early Music Festival (2008)
# Maria Anna Tauber

Maria Anna Tauber was an Austrian soprano who is known to have been active between 1777 and 1779; her first name is sometimes given as Marianne, and her last as Taube. A member of the Esterházy opera company, she is believed to have created the role of Markesinn Bellavita in Maximilian Ulbrich's Frühling und Liebe in Vienna on February 8, 1778; she appeared in the playbill as "Mlle Tauber". She was not related to Therese Teyber, who appeared in the same performance. She is likely the "Mlle Teuberin" referred to in a letter of Baron von Gebler.
# Kangaroo (1987 film)

Kangaroo is a 1987 Australian drama film directed by Tim Burstall and starring Colin Friels, Judy Davis, and John Walton. It is based on the 1923 novel of the same name by D. H. Lawrence.

## Premise

In 1922, an English writer (Colin Friels) migrates to Australia with his wife (Judy Davis). There he resists joining both a paramilitary group and a socialist group, is caught in a riot, sees a death and loses love and friendship.

## Cast

* Colin Friels as Richard Somers
* Judy Davis as Harriet Somers
* John Walton as Jack Calcott
* Julie Nihill as Vicki Calcott
* Hugh Keays-Byrne as Kangaroo
* Peter Hehir as Jaz
* Peter Cummins as Struthers
* Tim Robertson as O'Neill
* Malcolm Robertson as Publisher
* David Hutchins as Cornwall Detective
* Kerry Bannister as nurse

## Production

In 1972, it was announced the novel would be filmed starring Dirk Bogarde but this did not eventuate. In 1981, Tim Burstall announced he would make the film and he had Leo McKern lined up to play Kangaroo and Bryan Brown and Olivia Newton-John to play the husband and wife.
The film was not made. He managed to do it several years later, by which time he felt McKern was too old and instead cast Hugh Keays-Byrne. He commissioned Evan Jones to adapt the script because he felt it needed an English writer.
Filming was conducted in Melbourne, Australia and went from 21 October to 14 December 1985.

## Awards

The film was nominated for 2 awards in the 1986 AFI Awards and also won in the Best Achievement in Best Actress in a Lead Role (Judy Davis) and Costume Design (Terry Ryan) categories. It was entered into the 15th Moscow International Film Festival.

## Home video

After the film's 1987 U.S. theatrical run, the film was released on videocassette and laserdisc by MCA Home Video. The film was released through Australia-based Umbrella Entertainment on 8 January 2010 as an all-region PAL disc.
The film is rated R13 in New Zealand.

## Box office

Kangaroo grossed $68,978 at the box office in Australia.
# Fresonara

Fresonara (Piedmontese: Fërsnèira) is a comune (municipality) in the province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) southeast of Turin and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) southeast of Alessandria.
Fresonara borders the following municipalities: Basaluzzo, Bosco Marengo, and Predosa.
In 1404 it was destroyed by Facino Cane. It was annexed to the possessione of the House of Savoy in the 18th century.
# Cataetyx

Cataetyx is a genus of viviparous brotulas.

## Species

There are currently 12 recognized species in this genus:
* Cataetyx alleni (Byrne, 1906)
* Cataetyx bruuni (J. G. Nielsen & Nybelin, 1963)
* Cataetyx chthamalorhynchus Cohen, 1981
* Cataetyx hawaiiensis Gosline, 1954
* Cataetyx laticeps Koefoed, 1927
* Cataetyx lepidogenys (H. M. Smith & Radcliffe, 1913)
* Cataetyx messieri (Günther, 1878) (Hair-lip brotula)
* Cataetyx nielseni Balushkin & Prokofiev, 2005 (Nielsen's catetyx)
* Cataetyx niki Cohen, 1981 (Brown brotula)
* Cataetyx platyrhynchus Machida, 1984
* Cataetyx rubrirostris C. H. Gilbert, 1890 (Rubynose brotula)
* Cataetyx simus Garman, 1899
# Lost Horse Fireman's Cabin

Lost Horse Fireman's Cabin, in the vicinity of Darby, Montana, was built in 1938. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.
It a log cabin which was built by the U.S. Forest Service.
"The design of the cabin was from a standard Region 1 plan, except for the drive through porch, developed by Clyde Fickes."
# Giant fiber

Giant fiber refers to large nerve fibers. The term may refer to:
* Squid giant axon
* Ventral nerve cord in earthworms and arthropods
# La Revanche des berceaux

La Revanche des berceaux (French for "the revenge of the cradles") is an expression referring to the high birth rate of French Canadians prior to the late 20th century. The phrase originated in Quebec before the First World War, according to John Robert Colombo's "Colombo's Canadian References." The expression suggests that, although English Canadians dominated Canada in the 19th century, the high birth rate of French Canadians would allow them to remain politically strong in Quebec and also to maintain their demographic weight within Canada - thus permitting resistance to cultural assimilation into English Canadian culture.
The "revenge" of the phrase references the Conquest of New France by the British in 1763. Under British rule, new immigrants to Canada came overwhelmingly from English-speaking regions, allowing English-speakers to eventually become the majority of the overall Canadian population. The implication of the phrase is that it would not be possible to discriminate against Francophones if their population remained proportionally large enough. With little Francophone immigration, the French-Canadian population could only maintain its share of the total if its birth rate exceeded that of Anglophones.
Since the Quiet Revolution of the 1960s, however, Quebec has experienced sub-replacement fertility, which has caused anxiety about the future of Quebec's culture and population.
# Kuang

Kuang may refer to:
* Kuang (surname) (邝/鄺), a Chinese surname
* Kuang (town), a town in Selangor, Malaysia
* Kuang (state constituency), a constituency of the Selangor State Legislative Assembly
# Gamle Hellesund

Gamle Hellesund is an outport in the Høvåg area in the municipality of Lillesand in Agder county, Norway. It is located on the island of Helløya in the coastal archipelago about halfway between the village of Ulvøysund to the southwest and Åkerøyhamn to the northeast. The small village is only accessible by boat. Historically, the village served as an outport along the Blindleia strait for boats coming from the Skaggerak. Today, Gamle Hellesund stays empty most of the year and is largely used in the summer by tourists.

## History

Both Sverris saga and the Bagler sagas mention the port of Helgasund respectively in 1197 and 1207, but it is not known whether they are referring to Gamle Hellesund or the outport of Ny-Hellesund in Søgne (now part of Kristiansand). Dutch books for maritime pilots and nautical charts from the 16th century both mention Olde Hil Sont and Gammel Hil Sont, indicating that the outport was known for foreign sailors already then.
Gamle Hellesund had its point of highest activity in the 19th century during the so-called era of sailing ships. There was a lot of maritime traffic along the coast, and ships from many countries visited the outports. Southern Norway then had a very active period, with diverse shipyards and shipping companies. Because of all the activity, Gamle Hellesund had a pilot station and a customs station.
# Burmese whiskered myotis

The Burmese whiskered myotis or Burmese whiskered bat (Myotis montivagus) is a species of vesper bat. It is found in China, India, Myanmar, Laos, and Vietnam.

## Taxonomy

It was previously thought to have a wider range across Asia, ranging west into peninsular India and as far east as Borneo. However, a 2013 study found significant cranial and dental differences between different populations of the species, and thus split it into several distinct species: the Burmese whiskered myotis (M. montivagus sensu stricto), Peyton's myotis (M. peytoni, endemic to India), the Malaysian whiskered myotis (M. federatus, endemic to Peninsular Malaysia), and the Bornean whiskered myotis (M. borneoensis, endemic to Borneo). This has also been followed by the American Society of Mammalogists, the IUCN Red List, and the ITIS.

## Distribution and habitat

It ranges from northeastern India north to southern China and south to northern Myanmar. An isolated population (not considered part of M. montivagus by the American Society of Mammalogists) is known from Laos and Vietnam. It is thought to inhabit tropical montane forest for most of its range, although in Vietnam it is also known from lowland habitats, including agricultural fields.

## Status

Very little information is known about this species, and it is thus classified as Data Deficient on the IUCN Red List. It may be threatened by the loss or degradation of cave and forest habitats.
# Catajapyx aquilonaris

Catajapyx aquilonaris is a species of forcepstail in the family Japygidae.
# Gulam

Gulam (circa 1860-1901) was an Indian practitioner of pehlwani. Gulam participated in early catch wrestling tournaments in Europe. At 5 feet 9 inches and 280 pounds, Gulam wrestled in Paris in 1900 at the time of 1900 World's Fair.
In Paris, Gulam's manager extended a challenge to Turkish wrestler Kurtdereli Mehmet Pehlivan. Pandit Motilal Nehru was in attendance during the wrestling bout in Paris.
Edmond Desbonnet’s account of the bout was given in his 1910 book, Les Rois de la Lutte. According to this account, the newcomer dominated Kurtdereli. In order to avoid harming the financial interests of those who bet on Kurtdereli, the bets on the bout were called off. Gulam was proclaimed the winner, but all bets were reimbursed.
Gulam returned to India where, shortly after 1900, he died of cholera.
Desbonnet referred to Gulam as one of the two "super wrestlers" of modern times (the other being Yusuf İsmail) and Stanislaus Zbyszko told Robert W. Smith that, although he had never met Gulam himself, "I got information off one wrestler who did train with Gulam. He was the ruler of his day, of the mat, of human strength."
Gulam should not be confused with Ghulam "Great Gama" Muhammed, another pehlwani practitioner.
# Siloam daylilies

Siloam daylilies are cultivars of daylilies registered with the American Hemerocallis Society by Pauline Henry of Siloam Springs, Arkansas. Mrs. Henry registered over 450 daylilies during her lifetime. Most of her daylilies were given a name beginning with the word "Siloam", hence "Siloam Daylilies".

## History

Pauline Henry registered her first daylilies in 1963 with Siloam Satin, Siloam Splendor and Siloam Springs. Siloam Double Classic earned the prestigious Stout Silver Medal in 1993, the society's highest award. She remained active in daylilies for the remainder of her life; registering 15 cultivars in her final year, passing away on September 20, 2000 at the age of 92.
Siloam daylily cultivars are still very popular. Today's hybridizers are still cultivating Siloam daylilies as many of the new cultivars of daylilies have been crossed with a Siloam daylily.
# Blache

Blache is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Christian Blache (1838–1920) - Danish painter
* Greg Blache (born 1949) - American football coach
* Gustave Blache III (born 1977) - American artist
* Herbert Blaché (1882–1953) - British American film director, producer, and screenwriter
* Jean-Baptiste Blache (1765–1834) - German ballet dancer and ballet master
# Giant earthworm

The Giant earthworm is a name often given to a variety of large invertebrates in the class Clitellata, many being from the family Megascolecidae. It may refer to:

## Australia and New Zealand

* Giant Gippsland earthworm, up to 3 m in length
* Spenceriella gigantea, up to 1.4 m in length
* Lake Pedder earthworm, extinct

## North America

* Giant Palouse earthworm, up to 1 m in length
* Oregon giant earthworm, up to 0.9 m in length

## South America

* Rhinodrilus fafner, extinct

## Europe

* Lumbricus badensis, up to 0.6 m in length

## Africa

* Microchaetus rappi up to 6.7 m in length

## Southeast Asia

* Amynthas mekongianus, the Mekong worm, up to 2.9 m (10 ft) in length
* Kinabalu giant earthworm, up to 0.7 m in length

## Cryptozoology

* Indus worm, Pakistan
* Lambton Worm, North East England
* Minhocão, Brazil
* Mongolian death worm, Gobi Desert
* Tatzelwurm, European Alps, a hoax
# La Revilla y Ahedo

La Revilla y Ahedo is a municipality located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 125.
# Grande Terre (New Caledonia)

Grande Terre (French pronunciation:) is the largest and principal island of New Caledonia, which is a territory of France.

## History

Until about 37 million years ago, the island was completely submerged under the ocean.
British explorer James Cook sighted Grande Terre in 1774 and named it "New Caledonia", Caledonia being the Latin name for what is now Scotland. The island's mountains reminded him of Scotland. Eventually, the name "New Caledonia" became applied to Grande Terre and its surrounding islands.
It was annexed by the French Empire and became a penal colony in 1853. Today, Grande Terre has about 268,000 residents.

## Geography

The largest settlement on Grande Terre is Nouméa, the capital city of New Caledonia. Locals refer to Grande Terre as "Le Caillou", the pebble. The island has a fairly hot and humid climate, though varying as the south-east trade winds bring relatively cool air. Surrounding the island and especially to the north-west is the New Caledonian barrier reef.
The island is located roughly 1,300 kilometres (810 mi; 700 nmi) east of Australia. Grande Terre is oriented northwest-to-southeast; its area is 16,372 square kilometres (6,321 square miles). It is nearly 400 kilometres (250 miles) in length and 50–70 km (30–40 mi) wide in most places. A mountain range runs the length of the island, with five peaks over 1,500 metres (4,900 feet). The highest point is Mont Panié at 1,628 m (5,341 ft) elevation. Grande Terre is one of the largest islands in the Pacific Ocean.
# Khori Alam

Khori Alam is a village located in Kharian Tehsil, Gujrat District of Punjab, Pakistan.

## Geography

It lies between the Jehlum River and the Chenab River. It is about 25 kilometres (16 mi) from Kharian, the administrative center of Kharian Tehsil, and 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) from the city of Dinga.

## History

In 997 CE, Sultan Mahmud Ghaznavi, took over the Ghaznavid dynasty empire established by his father, Sultan Sebuktegin, In 1005 he conquered the Shahis in Kabul in 1005, and followed it by the conquests of Punjab region. The Delhi Sultanate and later Mughal Empire ruled the region. The Punjab region became predominantly Muslim due to missionary Sufis.
After the decline of the Mughal Empire, the Sikh invaded and occupied Gujrat District.
The predominantly Muslim population supported Muslim League and Pakistan Movement. After the independence of Pakistan in 1947, the minority Hindus and Sikhs migrated to India while the Muslims refugees from India settled down in the Mandi Bahauddin.
# Keith Peters

Keith Peters may refer to:
* Keith Peters (rugby league) (born 1986), Papua New Guinean rugby league player
* Keith Peters (physician) (born 1938), Regius Professor of Physic at Cambridge University
* Keith Peters (footballer) (born 1915), former English footballer