OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chung Wan-mei

Chung Wan-mei (Chinese: 鍾萬梅; pinyin: Zhōng Wànméi) is a Taiwanese politician. He was the Minister of the Hakka Affairs Council from 1 February 2016 until 20 May 2016.

## Education

Chung is a Hakka born in Miaoli County. He obtained his bachelor's degree from the Department of Educational Psychology and Counselling of National Taiwan Normal University.

## Political career

Chung became a Department Director of the Council for Hakka Affairs (CHA) in 2001. In 2008, he became the Administrative Deputy Minister of the CHA. He continued to serve the council through its renaming to the Hakka Affairs Council (HAC) on 1 January 2012. On 30 July 2014 he became the Political Deputy Minister of the HAC and became the Minister on 1 February 2016, serving until 20 May 2016.
# Centenary Institute (Alabama)

Centenary Institute was a school in Summerfield, Alabama operated by the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, from 1829 until the 1880s. The Centenary Institute was founded in 1829 as Valley Creek Academy, a local school, but was turned over to the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1838. In celebration of the centennial of Methodism, the school was renamed the "Centenary Institute". A. H. Mitchell served as president of the institute from 1843 until 1856. In 1845, the school was conferred the power to grant degrees, and graduated its first class that same year. For the next two decades, the school was the largest in central Alabama, enrolling approximately 500 students. J. N. Montgomery was president from 1856 until the Civil War; he was followed by Richard H. Rivers, William J. Vaughn, and R. K. Hargrove. The Institute saw its fortunes decline precipitously during the war; by 1865 buildings were in need of repair, and in 1867 the school saw but three graduates. The Panic of 1873 impacted the school further, driving enrollment to fifty by 1874–75. In 1880, the Methodists ceased supporting the school, and the Institute began to act solely as a local school. The institute was abandoned by 1885, and its buildings were used as an orphan asylum.
# Vehicle-specific power

The concept of vehicle-specific power (VSP) is a formalism used in the evaluation of vehicle emissions. The idea was first developed by J. L. Jiménez (Jiménez 1998) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Informally, it is the sum of the loads resulting from aerodynamic drag, acceleration, rolling resistance, and hill climbing, all divided by the mass of the vehicle. Conventionally, it is reported in kilowatts per tonne, the instantaneous power demand of the vehicle divided by its mass. VSP, combined with dynamometer and remote-sensing measurements, can be used to determine vehicle emissions.
The United States Environmental Protection Agency held a "modelling shootout" in 2001, to help with the development of its (then) new MOVES (motor vehicle emissions simulator) vehicle emissions model. Two of the four modelling metholodogies in the shootout, one from North Carolina State University (Frey 2002) and one internal to the EPA, used vehicle-specific power metrics. MOVES was eventually implemented using vehicle-specific power as its primary metric. (See Koupal et al. 2002, § 7.1.3.1 for the EPA MOVES draft VSP specification.)

## Formulae

Jiménez's own formula is:
    $\mathrm {VSP} ={\frac {\mathrm {power} }{\mathrm {mass} }}={\frac {{\operatorname {d} \over \operatorname {d} t}(E_{\mathrm {kinetic} }+E_{\mathrm {potential} })+F_{\mathrm {rolling} }\cdot v+F_{\mathrm {aerodynamic} }\cdot v+F_{\mathrm {internal} }\cdot v}{m}}$(Jiménez et al. 1999)
VSP can be simplified using typical coefficient values. Haibo Zhai of North Carolina State University provides the following formula for transit buses:
    VSP = v × (a + g × sin φ + ψ) + ζ × v$^3$
where:

### v

    vehicle speed (in metres per second)

### a

    vehicle acceleration (in metres per second per second)

### g

    acceleration due to gravity (gee, in metres per second per second)

### φ

    road grade

### ψ

    rolling resistance coefficient (metres per second per second)

### ζ

    drag coefficient (reciprocal metres)
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 1401

United Nations Security Council resolution 1401, adopted unanimously on 28 March 2002, after recalling all previous resolutions on the situation in Afghanistan, including resolutions 1378 (2001), 1383 (2001) and 1386 (2001), the Council endorsed the establishment of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA). It would replace the longstanding United Nations Special Mission to Afghanistan.
The Security Council recalled its support for the Bonn Agreement and the right of the Afghan people to determine their own political future. It stressed the importance of combating the illegal drug trade, arms trafficking and threat of land mines, and encouraged donor countries that pledged financial aid to fulfil their commitments.
The resolution endorsed the establishment of UNAMA for an initial period of 12 months with a mandate and structure described in a report of the Secretary-General Kofi Annan. According to the report, UNAMA would focus on two main areas: political affairs and on relief, recovery and reconstruction with offices across the country. The Council reaffirmed the role of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General Lakhdar Brahimi in the conduct of United Nations activities in Afghanistan. Afghan parties were urged to ensure the security and freedom of movement of UNAMA personnel.
The Council stressed the provision of recovery and reconstruction assistance could assist in the implementation of the Bonn Agreement. Furthermore, it stressed that humanitarian assistance should be provided when needed and for Afghan authorities to maintain a secure environment and respect human rights.
Finally, the International Security Assistance Force was asked to work closely with the Secretary-General and his Special Representative, and the Secretary-General was required to report every four months on the implementation of the current resolution.
# Germiston High School

Germiston High School (established September 1917) is a South African English-medium government school based in Germiston, Gauteng. It is the second-oldest high school in Germiston.

## History

The school was established in 10 September 1917 by Mr R.C Harding. The schools first name was Secondary School Germiston which served as a unisex school till the boys and girls were separated. The school was housed temporarily in the building today occupied by Germiston South School. In April of the following year the school became known as the High School Germiston
A start was eventually made in 1922, and the building was officially opened by the Administrator of Transvaal on 1 August 1923. There was opposition to the site by many residents of Germiston who complained that it was too far out of town! Colours were selected in 1917 but there was difficulty in obtaining them because of the Great War, and for the same reason, when they were obtainable, they were not of a very good quality.
Mr R.J. Johnson became headmaster in 1919, a position he occupied until 1924, when he was succeeded by Mr F.N. Gammidge. At the beginning of the 1925 season, the school game was changed from soccer to “rugger” and during the same year the cadet detachment had the honour of providing a guard of honour to H.R.H the Prince of Wales, (to later become King Edward VIII) on the occasion of his visit to Germiston.
Mr W. Main succeeded Mr Gammidge in 1934 and was headmaster throughout the war years. Mr H.C. Robinson was the incumbent after Mr Main, serving as headmaster from 1946 until 1960.
At the beginning of the 1950s, the Transvaal Education Department (TED) decided to separate the boys and girls. In 1951 the girls moved to Lambton, to the building is today occupied by Delville Laerskool.
Miss E.B Bergen was then appointed headmistress, a position she occupied for the rest of the school's thirteen years existence
The Germiston Boys High School, under Mr Robinson, occupied the Lake Grounds building. Mr J. Lane, an old boy of Germiston High, took over the reins of office when Mr Robinson retired in 1960, and held this position until the end of 1963, when he left to take up the position of Headmaster of Greenside High.

## Sport

Germiston High School provides rugby, soccer, tennis, netball, basketball, chess, athletics and swimming matches which they participate with other schools in Ekurhuleni

### Rugby

Under the administration of Golden Rugby Union, Germiston High have been known as the best team in the league. Their winning record is indomitable and they have been invited to many rugby tournaments in South Africa.

## School Subjects

The school offers the following subjects:
* English
* Mathematics and Mathematical Literacy
* Zulu language
* Afrikaans
* Economic Management Science
* Creative Arts
* Life Orientation
* PAT
* Technology
* Natural Sciences

## Notable alumni

* Sydney Brenner, winner of a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

## Academics

In November 2018 several Germiston High School students were invited to the Gauteng Province Mathematical Olympiad. These Germistonians received prizes for their results.
# Avis Overhead Bridge

The Avis Overhead Bridge (Hinton Main Street Bridge) is located in Hinton, West Virginia. It was constructed in 1927-1930 in partnership with the City of Hinton and C&O Railroad to replace a previous at grade crossing. The construction company that built the bridge is unknown at this time, but the design of the bridge is similar to the patented Marsh Arch Rainbow Through Arch bridges.
The bridge was closed to vehicle traffic in 2003 after a new bridge was built nearby. In 2016, the bridge was added to a list for preservation by the Preservation Alliance of West Virginia. According to the preservation alliance, the West Virginia Department of Transportation is looking for a nonprofit that will take ownership of the bridge. The nonprofit would have to be able to repair or dismantle the bridge.
# Yeedle Werdyger

Yehudah "Yeedle" Werdyger (born 1971) is an American Hasidic Jewish singer. He is the son of singer Mordechai Werdyger (stage name: Mordechai Ben David, MBD) and grandson of the cantor David Werdyger.
Yeedle (יידל) is a Yiddish diminutive of the Hebrew name Yehudah (יהודה‎)

## Production

Werdyger's fifth album, Lev Echad, included compositions by Akiva Homnick, Aharon Razel, and Werdyger cowriting with Eli Laufer.
Werdyger has produced his father Mordechai Ben David's albums starting from 2001; albums produced include:
* Maaminim Bnei Maaminim
* Kumzitz
* Efshar Letaken
* Kulam Ahuvim
* Tzeakah
* Hashpuos

## Family

Werdyger is the son of Mordechai Ben David and grandson of David Werdyger. His uncle Mendy Werdyger is a singer and music producer.

## Discography
### Singles

* Motzi Asirim (2024)
* Vayehi Binsoah (2024)
* Torah Medley (EP) (2024)

### Main albums

* Together (1993)
* Laasos Retzon Avicha (1995)
* Shiru Lamelech (Sing for the King) (1998)
* Yeedle IV (2002)
* Lev Echod (One Heart) (2008)
* A Verdiger Yid (2013)

### Collaboration albums

* Just One Shabbos (1982)
* Jerusalem All Star Cast (1983)
* That Special Melody (1988)
* The Double Album (1990)
* HASC 5 - A Time for Music (1992)
* Three Generations (1993)
* Special Moments (1994)
* Solid Gold - Volume 1 (1997)
* Yachad (1999)
* Chazak! - Live at the Jacob Javits Center NY (2011)
* HASC 15 - A Time for Music (2002)
* A Day of Shabbat and Rest (2005)
* Shira Chadasha (2015)
* Shabbos with the Werdyger Family (2006)
* Shabbos With the Werdygers II (2010)
* HASC 26 - A Time For Music (2013)
* Boruch Sholom Blesofsky, Bishvili (2015)
# Alyaksandr Kucalaj

Alyaksandr Alyaksandravich Kucalaj (Berlarusian: Аляксандр Аляксандравіч Куцалай; Russian: Александр Александрович Куцелай; born on 28 August 1957), is a Belarusian diplomat and who had served as an ambassador of Belarus to Vietnam from 2004 to 2010.

## Biography

Alyaksandr Kucalaj was born in Minsk on 28 August 1957.
From 1976 to 1978, Kucalaj served in the Soviet Army, at the Trans-Baikal Military District.
Between 1982 and 1991, he was an electrician, foreman, foreman, senior foreman,a nd head of the section of the Minsk Assembly Directorate of the Belelectromontazh special trust.
In 1984, he graduated from the Minsk Radio Engineering Institute.
From 1991 to 1992, he studied at the Academy of National Economy under the Government of Russia. In 1992, he graduated from the Academy of National Economy under the Government of Russia. He speaks Spanish and English. The same year, he was a student at the International School of Business (IBM), in Tokyo.
From 1992 to 1993, he was the head of the commercial center of the Belelectromontazh special trust.
From 1993 to 1994, he was the chief specialist of the non-tariff regulation department of the State Committee of Belarus for Foreign Economic Relations.
From 1994 to 1997, he worked in various positions in the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations, as he had been the Head of the Export Control Department, the deputy Head of the department, and then, the head of the Foreign Trade Regulation Department of the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations of Belarus.
From 1997 to 2001, he was the trade representative of Belarus in Mongolia.
From 2001 to 2004, he was the Head of the Department of Foreign Trade, and Director of the Department of Coordination of Foreign Economic Activities of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Belarus.
On 19 February 2004, Kucalaj was appointed Ambassador of Belarus to Vietnam. He was dismissed from this position on 3 September 2010.
On 21 February 2011, in accordance with the Decree of the President of Belarus, he was awarded the Order of Honor.
# Adele Parks

Adele Parks MBE is an English women's fiction author. She has written 24 novels in her 24-year career as an author and is one of the bestselling authors of women's fiction in the United Kingdom.

## Biography

Parks is from Teesside, near Middlesbrough, in North Yorkshire. She decided she wanted to be a writer at the age of seven. She studied English at the University of Leicester. Before becoming a novelist, Parks worked in advertising and management consultancy. Her debut novel, Playing Away, was released in 2000.
As of January 2025, she has sold more than 5.5 million UK edition copies of her novels and her books have been translated into 31 languages. Every one of her 23 novels are bestsellers in the UK.
She was awarded with an MBE in the New Year Honours List 2022. She was a judge of the Costa Book Awards in 2010 and has regularly been the judge of the Costa Short Story Awards. In 2009 she was awarded an honorary doctorate, a Doctor of Letters, by Teesside University. Her Quick Read book, Happy Families, won the Learners' Favourite Award. She is an ambassador for literacy charity The Reading Agency and a Patron of the National Literacy Trust. She is also a Patron of The Guildford Book Festival.
Lies, Lies, Lies was shortlisted for the 2020 Fiction Book of the Year in the British Book Awards.
In 2020, Parks entered a deal with MPCA and Engage Productions for cinematic adaptations of her books.

## Personal life

Parks has been married twice, divorcing her first husband aged 32. She has an adult son, Conrad.

## Works

* Playing Away (2000)
* Game Over (2001)
* Larger Than Life (2002)
* The Other Woman's Shoes (2003)
* Still Thinking of You (2004)
* Husbands (2005)
* Young Wives' Tales (2007)
* Happy Families (2008)
* Tell Me Something (2008)
* Love Lies (2009)
* Men I've Loved Before (2010)
* About Last Night (2011)
* Whatever It Takes (2012)
* The State We're In (2013)3
* Spare Brides (2014)
* If You Go Away (2015)
* Love Is a Journey (2016)
* The Stranger in My Home (2016)
* The Image of You (2017)
* I Invited Her In (2018)
* Lies Lies Lies (2019)
* Just My Luck (2020)
* Both of You (2021)
* One Last Secret (2022)
* Just Between Us (2023)
* First Wife's Shadow (2024)
# Church (Reading ward)

Church is an electoral ward of the Borough of Reading, in the English county of Berkshire. It is covers an area south and south-east of the town centre, and is bordered by Whitley, Katesgrove and Redlands wards of Reading Borough Council, and by the civil parishes of Earley and Shinfield in Wokingham. The whole of the ward lies within the Earley and Woodley parliamentary constituency.
In a set of boundary changes in 2022, the boundaries of Church ward were significantly changed, losing areas to both Redlands and Whitley wards, whilst gaining a considerable area from Whitley ward west of Northumberland Avenue. One rather strange consequence of this is that the geographical centre of the suburb of Whitley, as depicted on Ordnance Survey maps, now lies in Church ward rather than Whitley ward.
As with all Reading wards, the ward elects three councillors to Reading Borough Council. Elections since 2004 are generally held by thirds, with elections in three years out of four, although the 2022 elections were for all councillors due to the boundary changes. The ward councillors are currently Andrew Hornsby-Smith, Ruth McEwan and Paul Woodward, who are all members of the Labour party.
# 1882 Belgian general election

Partial general elections were held in Belgium on 13 June 1882. The result was a victory for the Liberal Party, which won 79 of the 138 seats in the Chamber of Representatives and 37 of the 69 seats in the Senate. Voter turnout was 75.1%, although only 55,517 people were eligible to vote.
Under the alternating system, elections for the Chamber of Representatives were only held in four out of the nine provinces: Hainaut, Limburg, Liège and East Flanders. Special elections were also held in the arrondissements of Antwerp, Philippeville, Brussels, Nivelles and Namur.
Run-off elections were held a week later, on 20 June 1882.
A special election was also held in Liège on 16 October 1882 following the death of Dieudonné Mouton [nl] on 17 September.

## Results
### Chamber of Representatives

Seats :
| Party | Party | Votes | % | Won | Total | +/– |
| | Liberal Party | 22,001 | 52.77 | 49 | 79 | +5 |
| | Catholic Party | 19,681 | 47.21 | 20 | 59 | +1 |
| | Others | 7 | 0.02 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 41,689 | 100.00 | 69 | 138 | +6 |
| Total votes | Total votes | 41,689 | – | | | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 55,517 | 75.09 | | | |
| Source: Mackie & Rose, Sternberger et al. |||||||

### Senate

Seats :
| | Liberal Party | 37 |
| | Catholic Party | 32 |
| Total | Total | 69 |
| Source: Sternberger et al. |||

## Constituencies

The distribution of seats among the electoral districts was as follows for the Chamber of Representatives, with the difference compared to the previous election due to population growth:
| Province | Arrondissement | Seats | Change |
| Antwerp | Antwerp | 8 | +1 |
| Antwerp | Mechelen | 3 | – |
| Antwerp | Turnhout | 3 | – |
| Limburg | Hasselt | 2 | – |
| Limburg | Maaseik | 1 | – |
| Limburg | Tongeren | 2 | – |
| East Flanders | Aalst | 4 | +1 |
| East Flanders | Oudenaarde | 3 | – |
| East Flanders | Gent | 8 | – |
| East Flanders | Eeklo | 1 | – |
| East Flanders | Dendermonde | 3 | – |
| East Flanders | Sint-Niklaas | 3 | – |
| West Flanders | Bruges | 3 | – |
| West Flanders | Roeselare | 2 | – |
| West Flanders | Tielt | 2 | – |
| West Flanders | Kortrijk | 4 | – |
| West Flanders | Ypres | 3 | – |
| West Flanders | Veurne | 1 | – |
| West Flanders | Diksmuide | 1 | – |
| West Flanders | Ostend | 1 | – |
| Brabant | Leuven | 5 | – |
| Brabant | Brussels | 16 | +2 |
| Brabant | Nivelles | 4 | – |
| Hainaut | Tournai | 4 | – |
| Hainaut | Ath | 2 | – |
| Hainaut | Charleroi | 7 | – |
| Hainaut | Thuin | 3 | – |
| Hainaut | Mons | 6 | +1 |
| Hainaut | Soignies | 3 | – |
| Liège | Huy | 2 | – |
| Liège | Waremme | 2 | – |
| Liège | Liège | 9 | +1 |
| Liège | Verviers | 4 | – |
| Luxembourg | Arlon | 1 | – |
| Luxembourg | Marche | 1 | – |
| Luxembourg | Bastogne | 1 | – |
| Luxembourg | Neufchâteau | 1 | – |
| Luxembourg | Virton | 1 | – |
| Namur | Namur | 4 | – |
| Namur | Dinant | 2 | – |
| Namur | Philippeville | 2 | – |
| | | 138 | +6 |
# Mani Thapa

Mani Chandra Thapa (Nepali: मणि चन्द्र थापा) is a Nepalese politician and former Minister of Water Supply of Government Of Nepal.
# 1884 East Coast by-election

The 1884 East Coast by-election was a by-election held on 16 June 1884 in the East Coast electorate during the 8th New Zealand Parliament.
The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Allan McDonald.
He was replaced by Samuel Locke. A show of hands had preferred Rees, who said he was opposed by the government.
Rees subsequently accused Locke of "corrupt practices" during the by-election. Michael Gannon decided to stand for the Bay of Islands in the 1884 election (general election) held on 22 July, and came second.

## Results

The following table gives the election result:
1884 East Coast by-election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Independent | Samuel Locke | 509 | 45.49 |
| | Independent | Michael Gannon | 315 | 28.15 |
| | Independent | William Lee Rees | 295 | 26.36 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 1119 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 194 | 17.34 |
# 1886 Prince Edward Island general election

The 1886 Prince Edward Island election was held on 30 June 1886 to elect members of the House of Assembly of the province of Prince Edward Island, Canada. It was won by the Conservative party.
| | Party | Leader | 1882 | Seats won | % change |
| | Conservative | William Wilfred Sullivan | 21 | 18 | -14% |
| | Liberal | | 9 | 12 | +33% |
| Totals | Totals | Totals | 30 | 30 | |
# Seibu Sayama Line

The Seibu Sayama Line (西武狭山線, Seibu Sayama-sen) is a commuter railway line in Saitama Prefecture, Japan, operated by the private railway operator Seibu Railway. The 4.2 km (2.6 mi) line extends from Nishi-Tokorozawa Station on the Seibu Ikebukuro Line to Seibukyūjō-mae Station in Tokorozawa, Saitama.

## Stations and service pattern

All stations are located in Tokorozawa, Saitama. Abbreviations here are for the table below, not formally used.
Local (各停, Kakutei) Stops at all stations.

### Express (急行, Kyūkō) (Ex)

Limited Express (特急, Tokkyū) (LE) :Ikebukuro to Seibu Chichibu, trains named Chichibu (ちちぶ), Musashi (むさし), with supplementary limited express charge.
| No. | Station | Japanese | Distance (km) | Distance (km) | SE | Ra | Ex | LE | Transfers |
| No. | Station | Japanese | to Nishi-Tokorozawa | to Ikebukuro | SE | Ra | Ex | LE | Transfers |
| SI18 | Nishi-Tokorozawa | 西所沢 | 0.0 | 27.2 | O | O | O | | | Seibu Ikebukuro Line |
| SI40 | Shimo-Yamaguchi | 下山口 | 1.8 | 29.0 | O | O | O | | | |
| SI41 | Seibukyūjō-mae | 西武球場前 | 4.2 | 31.4 | O | O | O | O | Seibu Yamaguchi Line (Leo Liner) |

## History

The line and its two stations opened on 1 May 1929, initially electrified at 1,200 V DC. This was raised to 1,500 V DC in 1952.
Station numbering was introduced on all Seibu Railway lines during fiscal 2012, with Seibu Sayama Line stations numbered prefixed with the letters "SI" (part of the Seibu Ikebukuro group of lines).