# Morava Offensive

The Morava Offensive Operation (Bulgarian: Моравска настъпателна операция), (Serbian: Битка на Морави) was undertaken by the Bulgarian First Army between 14 October 1915 and 9 November 1915, as part of the strategic offensive operation of Army Group Mackensen against Serbia in 1915. Under the command of Lieutenant General Kliment Boyadzhiev, the Bulgarians seized the fortified areas of Pirot, Niš and the valley of the river Morava. As a result, the Serbian forces were compelled to retreat towards Kosovo and Metohija.
Due to the harsh weather, the defenders' strong resistance and the rough terrain, early Bulgarian advance was slow. But because the defenders were severely outnumbered, the Bulgarians broke through near Pirot in 10 days, and the Serbs retreated to the Timok.
The battle continued for 27 days, and the Bulgarians penetrated up to 90 km deep into Serbia's territory. The Serbs lost 6,000 men, 60 guns, and a large amount of military equipment.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Българската армия в Световната война, vol. II, pag. 892–905; Държавна печатница,София 1938
* ↑ Българската армия в Световната война, vol. II, pag. 918–921; Държавна печатница,София 1938
* ↑ Българската армия в Световната война, vol. IV , pag. 1028; Държавна печатница,София 1940

## Sources

* DiNardo, Richard L. (2015). Invasion: The Conquest of Serbia, 1915. Santa Barbara: Praeger. ISBN 9781440800924.
* Атанас Пейчев и колектив, 1300 години на стража, Военно издателство, София 1984.
vteBulgaria during World War I :
Prelude
South-western front Serbian campaign, Macedonian front
Romanian front • Outcome • Others
Important persons
Balkan Wars
1912–1913
First Balkan War
1913
Treaty of London
Second Balkan War
Treaty of Bucharest
Treaty of Constantinople
Neutrality
1914
Ottoman–Bulgarian alliance
1915
Negotiations of Bulgaria with the Central Powers and the Entente
Bulgarian–German treaty
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Bulgarian–Ottoman convention
Mobilization
Commanders
 Bulgaria
Nikola Zhekov • Kliment Boyadzhiev • Dimitar Geshov • Georgi Todorov • Ivan Lukov • Stefan Nerezov • Vladimir Vazov
Entente:
 Serbia:
Radomir Putnik • Živojin Mišić • Stepa Stepanović • Petar Bojović • Pavle Jurišić Šturm;  France: Maurice Sarrail • Adolphe Guillaumat • Louis Franchet d'Espèrey;  United Kingdom: Bryan Mahon • George Milne;  Kingdom of Greece: Panagiotis Danglis
Field Armies
+ Eleventh Army
First Army
Second Army
Fourth Army
Battles
1915
Morava Offensive • Ovče Pole Offensive • Kosovo offensive (1915) • Battle of Krivolak
1916
First battle of Doiran • Battle of Florina (Lerin) • Struma operation • Monastir offensive
1917
Second battle of Doiran • 2nd Crna Bend • Second battle of Monastir
1918
Battle of Skra-di-Legen • Battle of Dobro Pole • Third battle of Doiran
Commanders
 Bulgaria
Nikola Zhekov • Panteley Kiselov • Stefan Toshev • Todor Kantardzhiev • Ivan Kolev
Entente:
 Romania:
Constantin Prezan • Alexandru Averescu;  Russia: Andrei Zayonchkovski • Vladimir Sakharov
Field Armies
Third Army
Battles
1916
Battle of Turtucaia • Battle of Bazargic • First Cobadin • Flămânda Offensive • Second Cobadin • Battle of Bucharest
Outcome
1918
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk • Armistice of Focșani • Treaty of Bucharest • Protocol of Berlin
Outcome
Armistice of Salonica
Vladaya revolt
Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine
Others
Bulgarian administration in Kosovo
Anti-military propaganda
Ferdinand
Vasil Radoslavov
Aleksandar Malinov
Aleksandar Stamboliyski
Aleksandar Protogerov
August von Mackensen
Boris Drangov
Vladimir Vazov
Georgi Todorov (general)
Ivan Kolev
Kliment Boyadzhiev
Dimitar Geshov
Ivan Lukov
Konstantin Zhostov
Krastyu Zlatarev
Nikola Zhekov
Panteley Kiselov
Stefan Toshev
Stefan Nerezov
Todor Kantardzhiev :
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