OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Eurybia mirabilis

Eurybia mirabilis, commonly known as the bouquet aster or dwarf aster, is an herbaceous perennial in the family Asteraceae. It is endemic to the lower Piedmont of North Carolina and South Carolina in the southeastern United States. Within this small range it is found only infrequently, making it of conservation concern. The species is now largely confined to inaccessible bluffs due to the conversion of other habitats to farmland. It typically grows in deciduous or mixed deciduous woods, as well as on slopes or alluvial plains. Basic to neutral soils are usually preferred. Its flower heads emerge in the late summer to early fall and show white to lavender rays with pale yellow centres sometimes tinged with purple.
# Alexander Lindqvist-Hansen

Alexander Lindqvist-Hansen (born March 8, 1992) is a Swedish ice hockey player and the current captain of the Herlev Eagles in the Danish Metal Ligaen.
Lindqvist-Hansen made his Elitserien (now Swedish Hockey League) debut playing with Rögle BK during the 2012–13 Elitserien season.
# Kyla Bremner

Kyla Bremner (born 28 January 1977 in Powell River, British Columbia, Canada) is an Australian freestyle wrestler. She competed for Australia at the 2008 Olympics. She lost to Korean Hyung-Joo Kim in the first round and was eliminated.
# 1910 Govan by-election

The 1910 Govan by-election was a parliamentary by-election held for the UK House of Commons constituency of the Govan Division of Lanarkshire on 28 April 1910.

## Vacancy

The by-election was caused by the appointment of the sitting Liberal Member of Parliament (MP), William Hunter KC as Solicitor General for Scotland. Under the Parliamentary rules applicable at the time if Hunter wished to remain an MP he had to resign and fight a by-election.

## Candidates

The Govan Liberals re-selected Hunter to try to retain his seat which he had held since the January 1910 general election when he obtained a majority of 1,429 votes and gained the seat from the Unionists.
It was reported that the Unionists were not eager to contest a by-election and that "as a matter of courtesy" Hunter might be allowed a walkover. An added consideration was that it seemed likely a new general election would be called within a few months. Representatives of the Conservatives and Liberal Unionists met on 21 April to discuss the by-election and decided not to put up a candidate.
Despite having contested the constituency at the previous general election, the Labour Party also chose not to oppose Hunter.

## The result

There being no other candidates putting themselves forward, Hunter was returned unopposed.
Govan by-election, 1910 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | William Hunter | Unopposed | N/A | N/A |
| | Liberal hold | Liberal hold | Swing | N/A | |
# 1924 United Kingdom general election in Northern Ireland

The 1924 United Kingdom general election in Northern Ireland was held on 29 October as part of the wider general election in the United Kingdom. There were ten constituencies, seven single-seat constituencies with elected by FPTP and three two-seat constituencies with MPs elected by bloc voting.

## Results

The Nationalist Party did not contest this election. The nationalist interest was represented in the election by Sinn Féin, but they failed to win any seats, and the two seats which had been held by the Nationalist Party were won by the Ulster Unionists, so that all MPs in the region were from the same party. Three Ulster Unionists were elected unopposed.
In the election as a whole, the Conservative Party, which included the Ulster Unionists, returned to government with 412 of the 615 seats, and Stanley Baldwin was re-appointed as Prime Minister.
1924 United Kingdom general election in Northern Ireland :
| Party | Party | Candidates | Candidates | Candidates | Candidates | Candidates | Candidates | Votes | Votes | Votes |
| Party | Party | Stood | Elected | Gained | Unseated | Net | % of total | % | No. | Net % |
| | UUP | 13 | 13 | 2 | 0 | +2 | 100.0 | 83.8 | 286,895 | +34.4 |
| | Sinn Féin | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | 9.9 | 33,981 | +9.9 |
| | NI Labour | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | 6.1 | 21,122 | +6.1 |
| | Ind. Unionist | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | 0.2 | 517 | -9.2 |
| | Nationalist | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | -2 | — | — | — | -27.3 |
| | Independent Labour | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | -13.8 |
Votes in constituencies using the bloc voting system are counted as 0.5 each, as each voter had one vote per seat.

## MPs elected

| Constituency | Party | MP |
| Antrim | Ulster Unionist | Charles Craig |
| Antrim | Ulster Unionist | Hugh O'Neill |
| Armagh | Ulster Unionist | William Allen |
| Belfast East | Ulster Unionist | Herbert Dixon |
| Belfast North | Ulster Unionist | Thomas McConnell |
| Belfast South | Ulster Unionist | Thomas Moles |
| Belfast West | Ulster Unionist | Robert Lynn |
| Down | Ulster Unionist | David Reid |
| Down | Ulster Unionist | John Simms |
| Fermanagh and Tyrone | Ulster Unionist | Charles Falls |
| Fermanagh and Tyrone | Ulster Unionist | James Pringle |
| Londonderry | Ulster Unionist | Malcolm Macnaghten |
| Queen's University of Belfast | Ulster Unionist | Thomas Sinclair |

### By-election

| By-election | Date | Incumbent | Party | Party | Winner | Party | Party | Cause |
| Londonderry | 29 January 1929 | Malcolm Macnaghten | | UUP | Ronald Ross | | UUP | Appointment to High Court of Northern Ireland |
# Crimea Operation (1918)

The Crimea Operation was a combined military offensive by Imperial German and Ukrainian forces in April 1918 against the Taurida Soviet Socialist Republic.

## Background

Following the Russian Revolution in December 1917, the Crimean People's Republic was declared which encompassed the entire territory of Crimea. However, this proclamation was challenged by Bolshevik forces and by January 1918, Crimea was overrun and the Taurida Soviet Socialist Republic was declared. Upon seizing Crimea, Bolshevik forces enacted a campaign of terror upon the Crimean Tatar population, killing Muslim clerics and wealthy landowners with the express goal of eliminating the Tatarian "bourgeois nationalists". In addition to the internal campaign of terror, Bolshevik forces attacked Ukrainian and German forces in the neighboring Ukrainian People's Republic.

## Operation

The Taurida Soviet Socialist Republic was quickly overrun by German and Ukrainian forces under command of Petro Bolbochan during the Crimean Offensive. The relative quick pace of the operation was due to desertion and widespread demoralization amongst the forces of Taurida, in addition to simultaneous peasant revolts across Crimea. By the end of April 1918, the majority of the members of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars, including council leader Anton Slutsky and local Bolshevik chief Jan Tarwacki, were arrested and shot in Alushta by insurgent Crimean Tatars, partially in reaction to the prior killing of Tatar independence leader Noman Çelebicihan by the Bolsheviks earlier in February. On 30 April, the Taurida SSR was abolished and former Chief of Staff Mikhail Sablin raised the colours of the Ukrainian People's Republic on 29 April 1918.

## Aftermath

Despite the offensive violating the terms of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, German forces immediately set up a military administration in Crimea against the wishes of the local Tatar population. General Erich Ludendorff began plans to set Crimea up as a German colony and used the territory as a stepping stone for German offensives in the Caucasus region.
# Alyvix

Alyvix is an open source software application developed in Python for System monitoring and IT monitoring, synthetic monitoring and application performance management on Windows computers. It is used for visually monitoring fixed applications, streamed and cloud applications (including encrypted ones), and websites, as well as for robotic process automation.
Alyvix allows you to interact with an application's graphical user interface (GUI) to describe what should be seen onscreen after a sequence of interactions, and then later compare it whenever desired to the current GUI in that state.

## Operation

Alyvix works in two main stages: GUI description, and interactive GUI replay. In the description phase (using Alyvix Editor), Alyvix captures the screen and then allows the user to describe what to look for, such as images, text labels, buttons and text fields, by drawing and annotating directly on the screen capture.
The user then combines these elements with a visual scripting language that describes a sequence of desired interaction steps (for instance, clicking on one of the buttons, or inserting a predefined string into one of the text fields) and how those steps proceed from one to the next, along with the original series of screen grabs. This description is then saved in an open format called a test case.
Once this test case is created, Alyvix can use it to interactively replay that application interaction description as many times as you want while the application is "live". In this mode (called Alyvix Robot), Alyvix attempts to visually recognize what is shown in the GUI at a particular moment using the open source OpenCV recognizer. It then cycles through the recognition and interaction phases, applying the user-defined actions in the current step to the interface it sees.

## Use in monitoring

While up to this point Alyvix can be used for automation, it also allows you to declare warning and critical thresholds that are useful for monitoring, based on visual recognition timeouts. When a timeout is exceeded, it can then be reported to a monitoring system using the Nagios and Icinga protocols.
While Alyvix Robot can run a script to make a single check, what's usually needed in monitoring scenarios is to run many such checks at regular intervals, say every 5 minutes. Thus Alyvix needs to integrate with a monitoring system, which may not be open source. Coordinating this integration is Alyvix Service, which schedules test case runs over multiple target servers, manages configuration settings like how often to run each test case, records the measurements made by Alyvix Robot, and provides that data and reports via an open API. Any monitoring system, like NetEye, only needs to add a module that calls the open API as necessary.
# 1919 Brazilian presidential election

Early presidential elections were held in Brazil on 13 April 1919, following the death of Rodrigues Alves, who had been elected the previous year. The result was a victory for Epitácio Pessoa of the Paraíba Republican Party (and supported by the Paulista Republican Party and the Mineiro Republican Party), who received 71% of the vote.

## Results

| Candidate | Candidate | Party | Votes | % |
| | Epitácio Pessoa | Paraíba Republican Party | 286,373 | 71.00 |
| | Ruy Barbosa | Independent | 116,414 | 28.86 |
| Other candidates | Other candidates | Other candidates | 528 | 0.13 |
| Total | Total | Total | 403,315 | 100.00 |
| Source: Nohlen |||||
# March First Movement in Hoengseong

During March 1st Movement, Hoengseong was the first district to join the independence movement in Gangwon-do Province. The claims for national independence in Hoengseong were much stronger than any other districts in the province. The declaration of independence was circulated among people by Lee Chae-il and Lee Dong-gu from the Cheondo Church, and the copies of the declaration and the national flag of Korea, or Taegeukgi, were distributed out by Choi Jong-ha, Shin Jae-geun, And Chang Dong-hun. On the 27th day of March 1919, hundreds of people crowded into a local market to clamor for national independence carrying the national flags. This event ended with arrests of eight participants. On April 1, people gathered in crowds of more than 1,300, making a massive wave of Taegeukgi flags. More than 200 people continued their protest at a Japanese military police outstation until the next day, clamoring for the independence of Korea and the release of the arrested. Until April 12, while the strong voice for national independence spread to towns and villages across the community, many patriots were killed by Japanese invaders on the spot or elsewhere, including Ha Yeong-hyeon, Kang Dal-hoe, Chun Han-guk, Kang Seong—soon, and Kang Man-hyeong who died in prison.
# Agreement Between Great Britain and Norway Relating to the Suppression of the Capitulations in Egypt

An agreement was concluded between the British and Norwegian governments in Christiania (now Oslo) on April 22, 1921, in order to regulate legal relations between Norwegian citizens and the court system in Egypt. Ratifications were not exchanged for this agreement, since the issue was not mentioned in it, and the agreement went into effect. It was registered in the League of Nations Treaty Series on May 28, 1921.

## Background

The Capitulations system has been introduced into the legal system of the Ottoman empire and some other Middle Eastern countries as a result of western pressure. This system provided that in case a foreign citizen was charged with a crime, he or she shall not be tried by the local legal system, but be tried by a special court consisting of foreign judges, in accordance with his country laws.
The Capitulations system also prevailed in Egypt, which was under actual British rule from 1882 onward. Following the First World War, pressure was mounting on the British authorities in Egypt to grant greater freedom of action to the Egyptian government in matters of control over its own legal system. As a result, the British government agreed to modify some legal arrangements.

## Terms of the agreement

In article 1, the Norwegian government renounced all privileges to its citizens in Egypt in exchange for their protection under the British system. Article 2 stipulated for the abolition of Norwegian consular courts throughout Egypt. Article 3 stipulated that Norwegian citizens in Egypt shall enjoy the same privileges as British citizens. Article 4 stipulated that Norwegian consular agents shall retain their diplomatic privileges as before. Article 5 determined which Anglo-Norwegian treaties shall remain valid under the new arrangements.
# 1921 Bewdley by-election

The 1921 Bewdley by-election was held on 19 April 1921. The by-election was held due to the incumbent Coalition Conservative MP, Stanley Baldwin, being appointed President of the Board of Trade. It was retained by Baldwin.
Bewdley by-election, 1921 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| C | Unionist | Stanley Baldwin | 14,537 | 89.6 | N/A |
| | Independent Labour | H. Mills | 1,680 | 10.4 | New |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 12,857 | 79.2 | N/A |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 16,217 | 63.7 | N/A |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 25,440 | | |
| | Unionist hold | Unionist hold | Swing | N/A | |
| C indicates candidate endorsed by the coalition government. ||||||
# Anat Bremler-Barr

Anat Bremler-Barr (Hebrew: ענת ברמלר-בר), is an Israeli computer scientist. She is a professor at Tel Aviv University who is known for her contributions in network security, specifically in Denial of Service attacks and scalable protection of Internet of Things (IoT) devices.

## Education and career

Bremler-Barr holds B.Sc. degrees in mathematics and computer science (1994), an LL.B degree in law (1999), and M.Sc (1997), and Ph.D degree in computer science (2002), all from Tel Aviv University.
In 2001, Bremler-Barr co-founded Riverhead Networks, a company that developed an innovative system for the mitigation of Denial of Service attacks, where she served as a chief scientist. Riverhead was acquired by Cisco Systems in 2004. She joined Reichman University in 2003, and was promoted to professor in 2020 and, from 2019 until 2021 she served as the deputy dean of the Efi Arazi School of Computer Science. In 2023 she moved to Tel Aviv University where she is a full professor.

## Research

Bremler-Barr is known for her work on network security and improving the reliability of the internet. She has worked on preventing cyberattacks. In 2020, Bremler-Barr worked with Yehuda Afek and Lior Shafir to block the NXNSAttack that exploited a vulnerability in Domain Name Systems.

## Select publications

* Bremler-Barr, A.; Levy, H. (2005). "Spoofing prevention method". Proceedings IEEE 24th Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies. Vol. 1. pp. 536–547 vol. 1. doi:10.1109/INFCOM.2005.1497921. ISBN 0-7803-8968-9. S2CID 5566389.
* Bremler-Barr, Anat; Harchol, Yotam; Hay, David (2016-08-22). "OpenBox". Proceedings of the 2016 ACM SIGCOMM Conference. Florianopolis Brazil: ACM. pp. 511–524. doi:10.1145/2934872.2934875. ISBN 978-1-4503-4193-6. S2CID 18859281.
* Bremler-Barr, Anat; Harchol, Yotam; Hay, David; Koral, Yaron (2014-12-02). "Deep Packet Inspection as a Service". Proceedings of the 10th ACM International on Conference on emerging Networking Experiments and Technologies. Sydney Australia: ACM. pp. 271–282. doi:10.1145/2674005.2674984. ISBN 978-1-4503-3279-8. S2CID 3356322.
# Bids for the 1936 Winter Olympics

The selection process for the 1936 Winter Olympics consisted of three bids, and saw Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, be selected ahead of Montreal, Quebec, Canada, and St. Moritz, Switzerland. The selection was made at the 31st IOC Session in Vienna, Austria, on 10 April 1933.
# Palatov D1

The Palatov D1 is an American lightweight race car that was designed by Dennis Palatov and is manufactured by his Portland, Oregon-based company Palatov Motorsport. A proof-of-concept prototype (dp1) was constructed over a period of several years using a 4-cylinder engine from Suzuki Hayabusa motorcycle. There are detailed blogs on the design, build and testing of the prototype. After extensive testing the prototype was eventually retired and has since found a second life as the electric racecar.
Dennis Palatov created the Palatov D1, a lightweight American race car that is produced by Palatov Motorsport, a business he founded in Portland, Oregon. Over the course of several years, a proof-of-concept prototype (dp1) was built using a 4-cylinder engine from a Suzuki Hayabusa motorcycle.
Taking everything learned from the dp1 prototype, Dennis formed Palatov Motorsport in 2008 to manufacture lightweight track and racing cars. The first car released was the D4. Its development is documented in a separate blog. The D1 development continued with improved bodywork for aerodynamics and downforce and for the powertrain utilizing the American small displacement, compact and lightweight, high revving, double overhead cam 430 hp Hartley V8 engine available either naturally aspirated or with forced-induction. First production of the D1 began in 2011 with the development process documented in its own online blog.
With a proprietary AWD system, extreme light weight and 1,000 hp per metric ton the D1 will be the flagship of the Palatov Motorsport product lineup. The D1 is designed to utilize the American designed and built Hartley V8 exclusively.
The production V8 version is intended for skilled and experienced track drivers who can make use of its potential. The D1 will only be sold as a complete (turnkey) car exclusively for track use with no streetable option.

## Specifications

Preliminary specifications
* Engine: Custom 3,000cc naturally aspirated DOHC V8, 430 hp @10,000 RPM, 220 lb-ft @6500 RPM
* Transmission: Hewland 5-speed sequential with reverse
* Weight: Approximately 950 lb (431 kg)
* Power/weight: 1,000 hp/metric ton (2.2 lb/hp)
* Wheelbase: 80.5"
* Length: 113"
* Width: 68"
* Height: 39" (top of rollbar)
* Ground Clearance: 1.5"
* Drivetrain: proprietary AWD system with chain drive and limited slip differentials
* Chassis: advanced composite, quick-change bodywork
* Wheels: 13x8 Tires: 20x8-13 race slicks
* Price: US$150,000
# Ridge function

In mathematics, a ridge function is any function $f:\mathbb {R} ^{d}\rightarrow \mathbb {R}$ that can be written as the composition of an univariate function $g:\mathbb {R} \rightarrow \mathbb {R}$, that is called a profile function, with an affine transformation, given by a direction vector $a\in \mathbb {R} ^{d}$ with shift $b\in \mathbb {R}$.
Then, the ridge function reads $f(x)=g(x^{\top }a+b)$ for $x\in \mathbb {R} ^{d}$.
Coinage of the term 'ridge function' is often attributed to B.F. Logan and L.A. Shepp.

## Relevance

A ridge function is not susceptible to the curse of dimensionality, making it an instrumental tool in various estimation problems. This is a direct result of the fact that ridge functions are constant in $d-1$ directions: Let $a_{1},\dots ,a_{d-1}$ be $d-1$ independent vectors that are orthogonal to $a$, such that these vectors span $d-1$ dimensions. Then
    $f\left({\boldsymbol {x}}+\sum _{k=1}^{d-1}c_{k}{\boldsymbol {a}}_{k}\right)=g\left({\boldsymbol {x}}\cdot {\boldsymbol {a}}+\sum _{k=1}^{d-1}c_{k}{\boldsymbol {a}}_{k}\cdot {\boldsymbol {a}}\right)=g\left({\boldsymbol {x}}\cdot {\boldsymbol {a}}+\sum _{k=1}^{d-1}c_{k}0\right)=g({\boldsymbol {x}}\cdot {\boldsymbol {a}})=f({\boldsymbol {x}})$
for all $c_{i}\in \mathbb {R} ,1\leq i<d$. In other words, any shift of ${\boldsymbol {x}}$ in a direction perpendicular to ${\boldsymbol {a}}$ does not change the value of $f$.
Ridge functions play an essential role in amongst others projection pursuit, generalized linear models, and as activation functions in neural networks. For a survey on ridge functions, see. For books on ridge functions, see.