OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 2,4-Dinitroaniline

2,4-Dinitroaniline is a chemical compound with a formula of C$_6$H$_5$N$_3$O$_4$. It is used as an explosive and as a reagent to detect and characterize aldehydes and ketones.

## Preparation

2,4-Dinitroaniline can be prepared by reaction of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene with ammonia.
It can be also prepared by the electrophilic aromatic substitution of aniline. Direct nitration should not be used due to the reactivity of aniline. (i.e. It can be protonated to anilinium or oxidized easily.) Instead the acetyl protection should be used.

## Basicity

Compared to aniline, the basicity of 2,4-dinitroaniline is even weaker. It is due to the electron-withdrawing nature of the nitro groups. This makes the pK$_a$ of conjugate acid of 2,4-dinitroaniline being even lower than that of hydronium ions, meaning that it is a strong acid.
    C$_6$H$_3$(NH+3)(NO$_2$)$_2$ + H$_2$O → C$_6$H$_3$(NH$_2$)(NO$_2$)$_2$ + H$_3$O$^+$
The protons in the amino group is also much more acidic than that of aniline.

## Uses

2,4-Dinitroaniline is usually used as an explosive, although the material possess a negative oxygen balance and can be improved by combining it with an oxidizer such as ammonium nitrate. When in pure form, 2,4-Dinitroaniline has a VoD of 4,800 m/s at 1.61 g/cm$^3$ molecular density.
It is also used for the manufacture of certain azo dyes and disperse dyes, as well as in printing ink, toner, and the preparation of preservatives. The compound also finds applications as an intermediate in the synthesis of neutral dyes, sulfur dyes, and organic pigments.

## Safety

2,4-Dinitroaniline is moderately toxic, with a lethal dose of 285 mg/kg. However, the main danger is that it is explosive and flammable with heat or friction encouraging these properties.
# 1915 South African general election

General elections were held in South Africa on 20 October 1915 to elect the 130 members of the House of Assembly. This was the second Union Parliament. The governing South African Party (SAP) of General Louis Botha emerged from the elections as the largest party, but did not receive an overall majority.
Botha formed a minority government, which survived with some parliamentary support from the official opposition Unionist Party.

## Delimitation of electoral divisions

The South Africa Act 1909 had provided for a delimitation commission to define the boundaries for each electoral division. The representation by province, under the second delimitation report of 1913, is set out in the table below. The figures in brackets are the number of electoral divisions in the previous (1910) delimitation. If there is no figure in brackets then the number was unchanged.
| Provinces | Cape | Natal | Orange Free State | Transvaal | Total |
| Divisions | 51 | 17 | 17 | 45 (36) | 130 (121) |

## Nominations

Since the last general election, the National Party (NP) had split away from the South African Party (SAP). The formal foundation of the new party had been in 1914.
Eight of the 130 seats were uncontested. There were unopposed returns for 5 Unionist Party, 2 SAP and 1 NP candidates.
In the 122 contested constituencies, the candidates nominated included 86 SAP, 83 NP, 39 Unionist and 49 Labour.

## Party attitudes

General Botha stood for a policy of conciliation between Afrikaans and English speaking white people. The SAP was mostly supported by moderates of both races. General Hertzog led a republican party which supported a two streams policy – the two white races developing separately. The Unionists were anxious to maintain the imperial connection. The Unionists accordingly preferred the continuation in power of the SAP to the prospect of an NP government.

## Results

The vote totals in the table below may not give a complete picture of the balance of political opinion, because of unopposed elections (where no votes were cast) and because most contested seats were not fought by a candidate from all major parties.
The 27 NP candidates elected represented three of the four provinces - 7 from Cape Province, 16 from the Orange Free State and 4 from Transvaal.
| | South African Party | 94,285 | 36.67 | 54 | –12 |
| | National Party | 75,623 | 29.41 | 27 | New |
| | Unionist Party | 49,917 | 19.42 | 39 | +3 |
| | Labour Party | 24,755 | 9.63 | 4 | +1 |
| | Socialist League | 140 | 0.05 | 0 | New |
| | Independents | 12,383 | 4.82 | 6 | –10 |
| Total | Total | 257,103 | 100.00 | 130 | +9 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 257,103 | 98.34 | | |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 4,330 | 1.66 | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | 261,433 | 100.00 | | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 365,307 | 71.57 | | |
| Source: Nohlen et al. ||||||
# Lakeside High School (Lake Elsinore, California)

Lakeside High School is a public high school located in Lake Elsinore, California and is part of the Lake Elsinore Unified School District. Lakeside High School has been rated as one of the top 10 most beautiful high school campuses in California.

## Sports

In 2012, the Lakeside Lancers Boys' Varsity Soccer Team beat Cajon High School with a 3–1 score to win the CIF Championship.
In 2021, the Boys' Swimming team won league championship at Polytechnic High, Riverside.
# The Prince's May Day Network

The Prince's Mayday Network is a group of businesses committed to taking action on climate change and was founded by Charles III in 2007. The Network is convened by Business in the Community and over 3500 businesses have signed up to date. The 'May Day' name is derived from the May Day distress signal, and was chosen deliberately to communicate the urgency of the climate change message

## The Prince's Mayday Summit
### 2007 Summit

The first Prince's Mayday Summit on climate change took place on 1 May 2007. It was held as a call to action on the urgent issue of climate change. Over 1,000 business leaders made over 5,500 pledges to take action on climate change at the event.
The Summit networked one hub event at St. James's Palace and nine regional events across England through video conferencing technology. Companies discussed the science behind climate change and the business imperative of taking action on the issue, with contributions from the Prince of Wales, Jonathon Porritt and Crispin Tickell.
This initial event was followed by 2 further summits in Scotland and Wales in November 2007.

### 2008 Summit

The second Prince's Mayday Summit was held on 1 May 2008. Over 1,600 business leaders attended the Summit at 12 locations across the UK which were linked by satellite to a 'hub' event attended by 160 Chief Executives of leading businesses. Attendees were asked to commit to up to 6 pledges on climate change. Nearly 7,000 pledges were made on the day and:
* 76% of attendees committed to calculate their carbon footprint over the next 12 months
* 60% of attendees committed to report their carbon footprint over the next 12 months

### 2009 Summit

The third Prince's Mayday Summit attracted over 1700 delegates, with another 300 watching it live online and included contributions from Pen Hadow, Ed Miliband, John Ashton and Stuart Rose.

## Mayday Journey

Since 2009, the focus of Mayday has moved away from annual events to being what it terms an everyday organisation. A major part of this is the Mayday Journey. The Mayday Journey is an online resource that combines a carbon calculator with guidance designed to help companies develop a carbon strategy. The Journey is divided into four areas: reducing cost, engaging employees, suppliers and customers, building resilience through biodiversity and adaptation and developing a vision, termed transform.

### Mayday case studies

Businesses in the Prince's May Day Network are encouraged to take action on climate change by sharing best practice through publishing case studies of best practice. Over 150 companies have provided case studies, including Adnams Brewery, BT Group and Unipart.

### Mayday report-back

Every year, the Prince of Wales requests that every business in the Prince's May Day Network report-back on the progress they have made against their May Day pledges in the May Day report-back. Over 300 businesses reported back in 2011, which formed the basis for an annual report of members activity.
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 1685

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1685 was adopted unanimously on June 13, 2006. After considering a report by Secretary-General Kofi Annan regarding the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF), the Council extended its mandate for a further six months, until December 31, 2006.
The resolution called upon the parties concerned to immediately implement Resolution 338 (1973) and requested that the Secretary-General submit a report on the situation at the end of that period.
The Secretary-General's report pursuant to the previous resolution on UNDOF stated that the situation between Israel and Syria had remained generally quiet, though the situation in the Middle East as a whole remained tense until a settlement addressing all aspects of the problem could be reached.
The Council also welcomed efforts by UNDOF to implement the zero-tolerance sexual exploitation policy.
# Joseph Todd

Joseph Todd (born January 1, 1979) is a former Arena Football defensive specialist. In the 2006 season, Todd led the Arizona Rattlers in tackles with 53.
Todd attended Mississippi Valley State University, where he was a star in football and track and field.
# Lakota Tech High School

Lakota Tech High School is a public high school in unincorporated Oglala Lakota County, South Dakota, near the Pine Ridge census-designated place and with a Pine Ridge postal address. It is in the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation. It is a part of the Oglala Lakota County School District.
Its high school program is one of five high schools that are within the boundaries of the reservation. Additionally, of all of the public high schools on Indian reservations, it is the only one focusing on technical and career-oriented curricula.

## History

Previously the district did not operate a high school building and required high school students staying with the district to attend virtual school.
In August 2019, the district and the state of South Dakota began a partnership to establish the first non-Bureau of Indian Education public high school on the reservation. Kristi Noem, Governor of South Dakota, jointly announced this with management of the school district.
In July 2019, the district hired Stephanie Eisenmenger as the first principal. Groundbreaking occurred in November 2019. There were plans to open in-person use of the school earlier, but due to the COVID-19 pandemic in South Dakota the school itself was not yet open in July 2020. It is centered on career and technical education (CTE). The district had anticipated that about 100 students would enroll at the school. The school opened in fall 2020.
The enrollment at the end of the 2020-2021 school year was almost 400.
In 2022, the Lieutenant Governors' STEM Scholarship Program gave the school $1,000 as an award because the curricula had science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) content, and the funds were to be used on weather-related content.

## Athletics

By February 2021, the gymnasium opened, and that month it began its athletics programs; the school is not under tribal law so, during the COVID-19 pandemic, it did not have to follow tribal directives to end athletics temporarily. This meant would-be athletes transferred to Lakota Tech. In November 2020, the South Dakota High School Activities Association (SDHSAA) decided that a student wishing to participate in a school athletics program at a particular school may move to that school if the student's previous school had suspended its own athletics programs.
# Marguerite Dockrell

Marguerite Dockrell (10 March 1912 – 9 September 1983) was an Irish swimmer. She competed in the women's 100 metre freestyle event at the 1928 Summer Olympics.

## Early life

Marguerite Dockrell was born on 10 March 1912 in Blackrock, County Dublin. Marguerite and the rest of the Dockrell family lived at Danvers House. Which was previously owned by a flower arranger and cookery expert Constance Spry. She mentions the house in her memoirs. She attended Alexandra college like both her mother and grandmother Lady Margaret Dockrell.

## Family life

Dockrell was the third child of Henry Morgan Dockrell and Alice Evelyn Dockrell. Her older brother Maurice E. Dockrell and younger brother Percy Dockrell were both Fine Gael Politicians. Her father Henry Morgan Dockrell was also a politician. She had a very sporty family with her uncle George Dockrell swimming in the 1908 Olympic Games. Her eldest brother Hayes was part of the water polo team at the 1928 Olympics. Her youngest brother was a well-known orthodontist and he had a bursary named after him.
# The Pyongyang Times

The Pyongyang Times is a weekly state-controlled English and French-language newspaper published in the North Korean capital, Pyongyang, by the Foreign Languages Publishing House. It is the foreign-language edition of the Pyongyang Sinmun.

## History and availability

The eight-page tabloid was first launched on 6 May 1965 and is distributed in approximately 100 countries. For this reason, its staff are trained in English abroad. The newspaper also runs a website in several languages. Fifty-two issues of the paper are published annually. As of January 2012 there have been 2,672 issues. The circulation of the English and French editions is 30,000.
In North Korea, The Pyongyang Times is in hotel lobbies, flights into the country, and other places frequented by foreigners.
Naenara, the official North Korean news source, is the home of The Pyongyang Times.

## Structure and content

The front cover is usually devoted to Kim Jong Un's visits to various institutions in the country along with praise for his leadership. The next few pages detail various technological and ideological exploits of the nation, followed by propaganda against South Korea, Japan, and the United States along with other nations (such as Israel) who are considered hostile to North Korea. The last pages are similar to that of the Rodong Sinmun, offering "foreign news"—though few major world events are covered, and most of its content is focused on like-minded or socialist nations.
Most of its content, like all North Korean state media, is dedicated to Kim Jong Un and most of its news is translated from articles in the Rodong Sinmun. It has been described as lacking "actual news" and is "basically a rundown of Mr. Kim's daily agenda, with substantial flattery thrown in for good measure."

## Claims

The Pyongyang Times has made various claims about South Korea, particularly with regard to its allegedly poor human rights record. It has stated that 50 percent of South Koreans are unemployed, 57.6 percent are infected with tuberculosis, and that American soldiers with AIDS are posted in the south as a deliberate policy to infect the South Korean population. In a 31 May 1986 article, it criticized the decision that the 1988 Olympics were to be held in South Korea, claiming that "If the Olympic Games were to be held in South Korea, many sportsmen and tourists of the world would meet death, infected with AIDS."
During the major flooding in 2007, the paper was unusually open, providing an extensive list of damage in the country. It stated that 20,300 homes were destroyed and "several hundred" people had died, as well as damage to "223,000 hectares of farmland, 300 bridges, 200 mining pits, 82 reservoirs, and 850 power lines."
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 1688

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1688, adopted unanimously on June 16, 2006, after recalling all previous resolutions on the situation in Liberia, Sierra Leone and West Africa, including resolutions 1470 (2003), 1508 (2003), 1537 (2004) and 1638 (2005), the Council approved the transfer of former Liberian President Charles Taylor to the Special Court for Sierra Leone which was moved to The Hague in the Netherlands, due to security concerns.
The Netherlands agreed to host the trial only if Charles Taylor was imprisoned in a third country.

## Resolution
### Observations

In the preamble of the resolution, the Council recalled the establishment of the Special Court by Resolution 1315 (2000) and that it may meet away from its seat if necessary. Furthermore, the Council expressed its will to end impunity, establish the rule of law, promote human rights and maintain international peace and security. It also appreciated that Liberian President Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf and Nigerian President Olusegun Obasanjo had requested and facilitated the transfer of Charles Taylor to the Special Court, respectively.
Meanwhile, the Security Council recognised that proceedings at the Special Court would contribute to truth and reconciliation in Liberia and the subregion, and the rule of law in Sierra Leone. It noted that the trial could not take place in the Sierra Leonean capital of Freetown due to security concerns, nor at the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda as it was engaged with other tasks, and that no other tribunal existed in Africa. The resolution determined that the continued presence of Charles Taylor in West Africa constituted a threat to peace and security in the region.

### Acts

Under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, the Council noted that a trial chamber would be established in the Netherlands to exercise its functions away from the seat of the Special Court. It welcomed the Dutch government's decision to host the trial and the International Criminal Court's intention to use its premises to detain and try Charles Taylor. In this context, co-operation from all states was required and for the Secretary-General Kofi Annan to assist in the arrangements.
Meanwhile, the Special Court was requested to make the proceedings accessible publicly through video link, as it was given exclusive jurisdiction over Charles Taylor during the detention and trial process. The Dutch government was to facilitate the trial by:
    (a) allowing the detention and trial of Charles Taylor;
    (b) facilitating the transport of Charles Taylor while in the Netherlands;
    (c) enabling the appearance of witnesses, experts and others at the trial in the same way as at the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia.
The resolution exempted Charles Taylor from the provisions of Resolution 1521 (2003) for the purposes of travel within the Netherlands, and noted that costs were to be borne by the Special Court that was funded via contributions from states.
# Titus Flavius Longinus Quintus Marcius Turbo

Titus Flavius Longinus Quintus Marcius Turbo was a Roman senator who held a series of offices in the emperor's service. He was suffect consul for one of the nundinia in the years 149 through 151. Longinus is known primarily from inscriptions.
Authorities agree that Longinus was the birth son of Titus Flavius Longinus, a decurion of a city in Dacia, and was later adopted by the prefect of the Praetorian Guard, Quintus Marcius Turbo. Nevertheless, Longinus remained a member of the equestrian order until he was adlected into the Senate.

## Career

His cursus honorum can be reconstructed from an inscription. While still an equestrian, Longinus was prefect, or commander, of an unspecified ala; his adlection followed this. He advanced through the traditional Republican magistracies: quaestor, aedile, and praetor. After stepping down from the last magistracy, Longinus was commissioned legatus legionis or commander of Legio I Adiutrix, stationed on the Danube frontier; Géza Alföldy dates his command from around 143 to the year 146. This was followed by a term governing the imperial province of Gallia Lugdunensis, which Alföldy dates from around 146 to around the year 149. His consulship followed.
After completing his term as suffect consul, Longinus is known to have been appointed to two more offices. The first was curator operum locumque publicorum et aedium sacrarum, which Alföldy dates to around 151. The second was governing the imperial province of Moesia Inferior; although primary sources attest him in that position in the year 155, Alföldy extends his tenure in Moesia Inferior from around 153 to 156.
Details for Longinus' life after he stepped down from administering Moesia Inferior have not yet been recovered.
# Frantz Seimetz

Frantz Seimetz (21 April 1858 – 26 October 1934) was a prolific Luxembourg artist who painted portraits and landscapes in the Impressionist style.

## Early life

Born in Grevenmacher on the Moselle, Seimetz first worked as a house painter and decorator until the industrialist Antoine Pescatore noticed his artistic talents and provided support for his education. In 1875, he began his studies in Brussels, continuing at the Munich Academy of Fine Arts (1879–1881) and finally at the French Academy (1881–1887).

## Career

Seimetz was a prolific artist, creating over a thousand oils, watercolours and sketches of scenes in Luxembourg City and across the country. His work is however rather irregular compared to that of his friend Jean-Pierre Beckius who is regarded as the national "Moselle painter". His most fruitful period was in Echternach where he painted numerous scenes of the surroundings including the Mullerthal. His pictures are generally realistic and slightly romantic, bordering on Impressionism. Especially after 1900, his style became brighter and more colourful, reflecting the happiness and beauty of the moment he must have experienced.
Seimetz himself was rather like his paintings. He was regarded as something of an eccentric with his full moustache, small beard and curly hair, his floppy hat and flowing clothes. Always optimistic and full of good humour, he led a rather Bohemian yet adventurous life. He travelled to Canada, the West Indies and Mexico. In the United States, he sailed down the Mississippi on a flat boat. His wife, Marie-Antoinette Bourger from Arlon, also a talented artist, did not object to the rather unstable life they led. After Echternach and then Arlon, in 1923 they moved to Luxembourg City where their house packed with old furniture is said to have looked like a museum.
Many of Seimetz' portraits are of exotic figures he met on his travels but there are also excellent paintings of his wife and his Luxembourg friends including Michel Rodange, Sosthène Weis, Michel Engels and Batty Weber. But his masterpiece is generally considered to be his portrait of a fair-haired girl. Many of his self-portraits are reminiscent of Rembrandt and Frans Hals. In 1932, Seimetz painted his last picture. Thereafter he took up writing, first in German, then in Luxembourgish and finally in his Moselle dialect. "Der Feuersalamander" is full of pleasant anecdotes and tales from his younger days as well as his passages describing his political and religious views.
Today Seimetz is remembered as a conscientious artist who dominated the Luxembourg art scene for a considerable time. He was the first Luxembourger to delve into Impressionism and the first, after Nicolas Liez, to paint out in the open air. He was also the first Luxembourger who managed to live from art alone. Seimetz died in Limpertsberg, Luxembourg City, on 26 October 1934.

## Affiliations and awards

* 1904, Grand-Duc Adolphe Prize together with Dominique Lang.