OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Expedition to Canton

The Expedition to Canton was a British punitive expedition that captured the forts along the Pearl River, Guangdong province, China, on 2–3 April 1847. Beginning at the Humen Strait (Bogue), the British captured the forts leading up to the city of Canton (Guangzhou). The operation was in response to British subjects being attacked by the Chinese near Canton. Hong Kong Governor John Davis demanded redress from Chinese Commissioner Keying.
Unsatisfied with his reply, Davis ordered Major-General George D'Aguilar, the commander-in-chief of British forces in China, to seize the forts approaching Canton and to prepare for an attack on the city to force reparations on the spot. The forts were captured, but Canton was spared after Keying agreed to punish the culprits and to allow entry into the city.

## Operations

On the afternoon of 1 April 1847, D'Aguilar received communication from Davis with orders to proceed to Canton with force. At midnight, the following forces were embarked:
* HMS Vulture – 427 troops, 18th Royal Irish Regiment
* HMS Espiegle – 149 troops, 42nd Regiment Madras Native Infantry
* East India Company steamer Pluto – 280 troops, 42nd Regiment
* Hired armed steamer Corsair – 110 troops, 18th Regiment
* Hired lorcha No. 1 – Armed as a gunboat, detachment of Royal Artillery with ordnance stores
* Hired lorcha No. 2 – Detachment of Royal Sappers and Miners with tools, scaling ladders, and other materials
British operations began with the capture of the Bogue forts. Listed are the number of ordnance captured at each site:
* Anunghoy Island – 208
* North Wangtong Island – 150
* South Wangtong Island – 109
Further up the Canton River past Whampoa Island, the British encountered a staked barrier and captured the following locations:
* Pachow Fort – 64
* Wookongtap Fort – 41
* Napier's Island – 49
* Whampoa Creek – 65
In the final phase, the British captured the forts outside the city of Canton:
* French Folly – 38
* Dutch Folly – 23
* Rogue Fort – 26
* Zigzag Battery – 20
* Segment Battery – 30
* Shameen Battery – 56

## Gallery

* Map of the expedition
* HMS Vulture starting operations at the Bogue, 2 April
* Capture of Anunghoy, 2 April
* Attacking the batteries near the staked barrier above Whampoa Island
* Attacking the forts of Wookongtap and Whampoa Creek, 3 April
* Royal Sappers and Miners blow up the French Folly Fort
# Battle of Las Carreras

The Battle of Las Carreras (Spanish: Batalla de Las Carreras) was a major battle during the years after the Dominican War of Independence and was fought on the 21–22 April 1849, nearby Baní, Peravia Province. A force of 800 Dominican troops, a portion of the Army of the South, led by General Pedro Santana, defeated an outnumbering force of 10,000 troops of the Haitian Army led by Faustin Soulouque.

## Battle

The battle opened with a cannon barrage and devolved into hand-to-hand combat. As the remnants of the Haitian army retreated along the southern coastal road, they were under fire from a small Dominican squadron. Haitian strategy was ridiculed by the American press:
   [At the first encounter] ... a division of negro troops of Faustin ran, and their commander, Gen. Garat, was killed. The main body, eighteen thousand troops, under the Emperor, encountered four hundred Dominicans with a field piece, and notwithstanding the disparity of force, the latter charged and caused the Haytiens to flee in every direction ... Faustin came very near falling into the enemy's hands. They were once within a few feet of him, and he was only saved by Thirlonge and other officers of his staff, several of whom lost their lives. The Dominicans pursued the retreating Haytiens some miles until they were checked and driven back by the Garde Nationale of Port-au-Prince, commanded by Robert Gateau, the auctioneer.
# Super Goal! 2

Super Goal! 2, known in Japan as Takeda Nobuhiro no Super Cup Soccer (武田修宏のスーパーカップサッカー, "Nobuhiro Takeda's Super Cup Soccer") is an international soccer video game published by Jaleco for the Super NES/Super Famicom console.

## Summary

The Japanese version allows players to compete for the Super Cup either with or against Nobuhiro Takeda, one of the greatest football players in all of Japan. There are teams from Europe, North America, Central America, Caribbean, South America, Africa, and Asia, Oceania. The North American release (published as part of the Goal! series) removed the references to Takeda.
# Fuat Köseraif

Mehmet Fuat Köseraif (born 1872, Istanbul – d. April 23, 1949, Istanbul), was a Turkish soldier and linguist. He is regarded as one of the pioneers of extreme Turkism in language. He was fluent in German, French, and English.

## Life

Fuat Köseraif was born in Istanbul in 1872, as the son of Köse Mehmed Raif Pasha, one of the viziers during the reign of Sultan Abdulhamid II. After attending Galatasaray High School for a while, he went to Vienna for high school education in 1886. In 1891, he entered the Military Academy in Kassel. While in Germany, he embraced Turkism by reading the works of the famous Turkologist Arminius Vambery. He returned to Istanbul in 1893 as a Prussian Army artillery lieutenant and was appointed as a teacher to the model artillery battalions as the Sultan’s adjutant with the rank of captain. Upon returning to the country, he met with prominent Turkish nationalists such as Necib Âsım, Veled Çelebi, and Mehmet Emin, and developed a special interest in linguistic matters. From 1895 onwards, he wrote various articles on language purification in the newspaper İkdam. He was among the founders of the Turkish Association, established after the 1908 Second Constitutional Era. In his articles for the Turkish Association magazine, he advocated for replacing Arabic and Persian words in the language with old Turkish words and deriving new equivalents from Turkic roots and suffixes. He used archaic words such as sayru for hasta (ill), biti for mektup (letter), yazma for kalem (pen), tanlak for şafak (dawn), and ozan for şair (poet). Additionally, he proposed the idea that Turkish words could be derived even with inactive or newly created suffixes. For these ideas, he was criticized by Ziya Gökalp as the “leader of purificationism”. Nevertheless, Köseraif's approach influenced the Öztürkçe movement that gained momentum after the proclamation of the Republic. During the First Turkish Language Congress held in 1932, he emphasized the necessity of collecting words from dialects and Turkish vernaculars through compilation and scanning efforts. He supported the Language Reform with his articles in the journals Öz Dilimize Doğru, Yeni Türk, and Türk Dili. In 1936, he published Turkish Mani Manuscripts, a book he translated from Albert von Le Coq. In 1942, he became a member of the central board of the Turkish Language Association and was appointed head of the etymology department. In the same year, he participated in efforts to Turkify constitutional terms.

## Death

Fuat Köseraif died in Istanbul on April 23, 1949. His grave is in Istanbul Feriköy Cemetery.
# Orsi Kocsis

Orsolya "Orsi" Kocsis (Hungarian:, Montenegrin: Оршоља "Орши" Кочиш, romanized: Oršolja "Orši" Kočiš) is a Hungarian-born Montenegrin fashion, glamour, and former art nude model who was 2005's Hungarian Playmate of the Year (which she won by audience election as a special prize).

## Biography
### Early life

Orsolya Kocsis was born on September 6, 1984, in Debrecen, Hungary.

### Education

Kocsis moved to Budapest at 19. She speaks Hungarian, German and English.

## Career
### Modeling

Kocsis' modeling career began shortly after being discovered sitting in a hair salon by a photographer.

### Type of work

Kocsis states in her audition video with 1By-day that she is only interested in softcore pornography related work.

## Personal life

She is a kickboxing and aerobics enthusiast and loves sports; seeing them as a prerequisite for a well maintained body. According to her Playboy interview in 2005, she does not plan to marry until she is over 30 and then would like to have one or two children. In a 2009 CKM magazine interview, Orsi states that her nude modeling is not hard-core pornographic. Orsi also states, she has decided to forgo nude modeling in the future with the possible exception of work with CKM.
# Calum Miller

Calum Alexander Miller is a British Liberal Democrat politician who has been Member of Parliament (MP) for Bicester and Woodstock since 2024.
Formerly a public policy academic and a senior civil servant, he was the principal private secretary to Gus O'Donnell, then head of the Civil Service, and Nick Clegg, then leader of the Liberal Democrats.
In 2021, Miller became a councillor on Oxfordshire County Council and served as the council's cabinet member for finance.

## Early life and education

Miller attended University College, Oxford, from 1996. He graduated with a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree in philosophy, politics and economics, followed by a Master of Philosophy (MPhil) degree in international relations. From 2003 to 2005, he was a research associate of the Global Economic Governance Programme at Oxford.

## Career

Miller worked for 13 years in the Civil Service, serving as principal private secretary to Gus O'Donnell, the cabinet secretary, from 2009 to 2010; and to Nick Clegg, the deputy prime minister, from 2010 to 2012.
In 2012, Miller joined the University of Oxford's Blavatnik School of Government, where he has served as its chief operating officer, co-director of Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), and senior fellow of practice in public management. He is a supernumerary fellow of University College, his alma mater.
Miller was elected to Oxfordshire County Council for the division of Otmoor in the 2021 election. He was appointed the council's cabinet member for finance in the Oxfordshire Fair Deal Alliance, a coalition comprising the Liberal Democrats, the Green Party and the Labour Party. He stepped down as a cabinet member in October 2023 after being selected as a Liberal Democrat prospective parliamentary candidate.
In the 2024 general election, Miller was elected as MP for the new constituency of Bicester and Woodstock, gaining 38.7 per cent of the vote and a majority of 4,958 over the Conservative candidate.
On 24 July 2024 he asked new Prime Minister Keir Starmer his first question at Prime Minister's Questions on the subject of pollution and sewage in the River Evenlode which is in his constituency.

## Personal life

Miller is a member of the Church of England and the Church of Scotland. His father was the general secretary of the Scottish Liberal Democrats before becoming a Church of Scotland minister.
# Brazilian Ice Sports Federation

The Brazilian Ice Sports Federation (Portuguese: Confederação Brasileira de Desportos no Gelo, CBDG) was founded by Eric Maleson, Brazil's first bobsled athlete. The CBDG was established in 1996 and affiliated to the Brazilian Olympic Committee in 1999. The federation qualified 7 athletes for the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, Utah (5 bobsled athletes and 2 luge athletes) and a 4-man bobsled team for the 2006 Winter Olympics in Torino.
The federation is responsible for the development of all winter Olympic ice sport modalities for Brazil including bobsled, skeleton, luge, figure, long track and short track speed skating, curling, and ice hockey.

## Curling

The Brazilian Ice Sports Federation made curling history in August 2008 when they challenged the United States for a berth at the World Curling Championship. This was the first time any South American team has offered a challenge to the United States for a berth in the World Curling Championship. The players involved trained in Lennoxville, Quebec and included Luis Silva, Marcelo De Mello, Celso Kossaka and Cesar Santos. See 2009 USA-Brazil Challenge. The Brazilian team were unsuccessful, losing the challenge 3 games to none.

## National teams

* Men's national team
* National inline hockey team

### Participation by year
#### 2017

| Event | Division | Host nation | Date | Result |
| Inline | Div. I | Slovakia | 24 June–2 July 2017 | 8th place (16th overall) |
| Pan American | Pan American | Mexico | 5–11 June 2017 | 5th place |
# Abraham Lincoln's hearse

Abraham Lincoln's hearse (New York) was the purpose-constructed hearse built to carry the body of Abraham Lincoln during a cortège held in New York City on April 25, 1865, shortly after his assassination by John Wilkes Booth. It has been described as the most elaborate of the many hearses used to transport Lincoln's body during the two-week funeral tour which preceded his burial in Springfield, Illinois.

## Design and history

Peter Relyea (1817–1896) was appointed to organize the New York portion of Lincoln's death tour and construct a hearse for the parade through Manhattan. It was built at the intersection of East Broadway and Grant Street over a period of three days and in full view of the public. According to reports, large crowds gathered to marvel at the construction.
The hearse was described as "immense", being 14 feet (4.3 m) long and 7 feet (2.1 m) wide. Its exterior was entirely black, except for glass walls, and was topped by black plumes. Its interior was lined in white satin and black velvet, and above the catafalque on which the coffin was to be set hung a sculptured golden eagle. The platform itself had a ground clearance of 5 feet (1.5 m) and was covered by a 15-foot-tall (4.6 m) canopy. At each of the four corners of the vehicle were three United States flags.
On the day it was brought into operation, the hearse was drawn by a team of sixteen horses, caparisoned in black, and each tended by a groom dressed in matching sable.

## Reception

On April 25, 1865, the hearse, carrying Lincoln's body, was drawn through the streets of Manhattan en route to New York City Hall. It was accompanied by an "astounding" escort of 160,000 people, including soldiers, sailors, Marines, and dignitaries, in a lumbering and somber procession observed by half-a-million spectators. According to one source, upon coming into view, the hearse "just about paralyzed all beholders with its magnificence".
In his book Lincoln's Body: A Cultural History, University of Southern California history professor Richard Wightman Fox observed that "in its intricate symbolism, this hearse outdid the others that carried Lincoln's body along the funeral route".
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 6

United Nations Security Council Resolution 6 was adopted unanimously on 17 May 1946. The Council set the date for reviewing applications for new member states. It was amended on 24 July due to the postponed opening date of the General Assembly.
# OPEN Fest Sarajevo

OPEN Fest Sarajevo is the largest international libertarian festival in Europe. It is held annually in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is dedicated to the promotion of ideas of liberty and human rights. The Festival promotes economic and political freedoms, together with the fundamental rights of the individual. The festival was established by the Multi Group in cooperation with the Atlas Network, Students for Liberty and the Rising Tide Foundation. The first edition of the festival hosted over 10,000 guests, 50 NGO's and 40 international speakers.

## Format

The festival is organized in January of each year and lasts for 5 days. It hosts a large conference and lecture program that focuses on the promotion of economic and political freedoms. Subjects that are treated include the free market, entrepreneurship, cryptocurrency, technology, legalisation of cannabis, Objectivism and others. The festival also hosts numerous art exhibitions, film screenings, workshops and a rich entertainment program that includes concerts and VIP parties. Guests and speakers have included FreedomWorks president and Tea Party leader Matt Kibbe, Bitnation founder Susanne Tarkowski Tempelhof, Iranian-Swedish author Nima Sanandaji, anarcho-capitalist economist and son of Milton Friedman, David D. Friedman, president of the University of the Philippines Alfredo Pascual, British journalist and research fellow at the Institute of Economic Affairs, Christopher Snowden and others.
# 1915 Glasgow Central by-election

The 1915 Glasgow Central by-election was held on 16 July 1915. The by-election was held due to the incumbent Conservative MP, Charles Dickson, becoming the Lord Justice Clerk. It was won by the Unionist candidate John MacLeod.
By-election 15 July 1915: Glasgow Central :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Unionist | John MacLeod | 5,341 | 95.3 | +41.5 |
| | Ind. Unionist | Gavin William Ralston | 266 | 4.7 | New |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 5,075 | 90.6 | +83.0 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 5,607 | 31.8 | −54.6 |
| | Unionist hold | Unionist hold | Swing | N/A | |
# Cobham Park (Virginia)

Cobham Park, or Cobham Park Estate, is a historic estate located near Cobham, in Albemarle County and Louisa County, Virginia. The mansion was built in 1856, and is a rectangular 2+1⁄2-story, five-bay, double-pile structure covered by a hipped roof with three hipped roof dormers on each of the main slopes, and one dormer on each end. The house is an unusual example of ante-bellum period Georgian style architecture. It features front and rear, simple Doric order porches supported on square Ionic order columns. Also on the property are: two smokehouses, one brick and one frame, a frame dependency, and a simple two-story frame dwelling. It was the summer home of William Cabell Rives, Jr., (1825-1890), second son of the noted United States senator and minister to France William Cabell Rives.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.
# Néstor Ortigoza

Néstor Ezequiel Ortigoza (Spanish pronunciation:; born 7 October 1984) is a former professional footballer who last played as a midfielder for San Lorenzo de Almagro. Born in Argentina, he played for the Paraguay national team.

## Club career

Ortigoza started his career in 2004, playing for Argentinos Juniors. In 2005, he had a brief loan spell with Nueva Chicago before returning to Argentinos. In 2007, he began to establish himself as an important member of the first team squad and in 2009 he became a near permanent fixture in the first team squad after the appointment of Claudio Borghi as the manager of Argentinos Juniors.
Ortigoza was an important member of the Argentinos Juniors team that won the Clausura 2010 championship. He played in 17 of the club's 19 games and scored 3 goals during their championship winning campaign been their captain and was selected Footballer of the Year in Argentina.
In 2011, San Lorenzo bought Ortigoza from Argentinos Juniors for $2,200,000 on a three-year contract.
In July 2012, Ortigoza signed a one-year loan contract with Emirates Club in the United Arab Emirates.
In December 2017, Ortigoza signed with Rosario Central from Olimpia.
After a half year at Estudiantes de Río Cuarto, it was rumoured that Ortigoza had moved to Bolivian club Club Atlético Ciclón in September 2020. However, Ortigoza still stayed at Estudiantes before returning to San Lorenzo in 2021.

## International career

Ortigoza's father is Paraguayan, meaning that the Paraguay national team's coach Gerardo Martino had the interest of Ortigoza playing for Paraguay due to Ortigoza is entitled to request Paraguayan citizenship.
On 8 April 2009, Ortigoza obtained Paraguayan nationality, which enabled him to play for the Paraguay national team. He was subsequently called up for the 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification matches against Venezuela and Colombia, as well as the main tournament. On 14 October 2014, he scored his first goal in a 2–1 away defeat to China PR in a friendly.

## Style of play

Néstor Ortigoza is known for stocky, physical build, and his ability to win the ball as a central midfielder. His range of distribution and his slow-paced, intelligent, precise passing game also enable him to influence games from deeper positions in midfield, where he can set the tempo of his team's play and orchestrate attacking moves. He is also a penalty kick specialist.

## Career statistics

    Scores and results list Paraguay's goal tally first.
| No | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1 | 14 October 2014 | Helong Stadium, Changsha, China PR | China | 1–2 | 1–2 | Friendly |

## Honours

Argentinos Juniors
* Argentine Primera División: 2010 Clausura
Emirates Club
* UAE First Division League: 2012–13
San Lorenzo
* Argentine Primera División: 2013 Inicial
* Copa Libertadores: 2014
* Supercopa Argentina: 2015
Rosario Central
* Copa Argentina: 2018
# Roman Catholic Diocese of Groningen-Leeuwarden

53°12′53″N 6°34′23″E﻿ / ﻿53.2146°N 6.5731°E﻿ / 53.2146; 6.5731
The Diocese of Groningen-Leeuwarden (Dutch: Bisdom Groningen-Leeuwarden; Latin: Dioecesis Groningensis-Leovardiensis) is a suffragan Latindiocese of the Catholic Church in the northern part of the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Utrecht (covering all the Netherlands). It encompasses the provinces of Groningen, Friesland and Drenthe, as well as the Noordoostpolder, a part of the province of Flevoland.
The cathedral episcopal seat is the Saint Joseph Cathedral in the city of Groningen, capital of the province of the same name. One former cathedral remains in Catholic use : the Sint-Maartenskerk, dedicated to Saint Martin, also in Groningen, is now Protestant church; the Sint-Vituskerk, dedicated to Saint Vitus, in Leeuwarden (Friesland province, most of Dutch Frisia) is only rarely frequented by a small community of faithful from an old orphanage.

## History

* Established on 12 May 1559 as Diocese of Groningen / Groningen(sis) (Latin), on territories split off from the then Diocese of Utrecht and Diocese of Munster (Germany).
* Suppressed in 1600.
* The diocese was re-erected on 2 February 1956 as the Diocese of Groningen/ Groningen(sis) (Latin), on territories split off from its Metropolitan, the Archdiocese of Utrecht, and from the Diocese of Haarlem (Holland).
* Renamed on 4 February 2006 as Diocese of Groningen–Leeuwarden (Nederlands) / Groninga–Leeuwarden (Curiate Italian) / Groningen(sis) et Leovardien(sis) (Latin adjective), albeit it without a co-cathedral.

## Statistics and extent

As per 2014, it pastorally served 110,000 Catholics (5.7% of 1,923,000 total) on 8,585 km$^2$ in 81 parishes with 36 priests (30 diocesan, 6 religious), 3 deacons, 18 lay religious (7 brothers, 11 sisters) and 9 seminarians. It is the smallest Dutch diocese in population, even while it is the largest in area, covering an area of some 9,205 square kilometers (3,554 sq mi). As per the most recent data available, the number of churchgoers in 2005 was 12,435 or 0.7% of the total population.

## Episcopal ordinaries

(Roman Rite)

### Bishops of Groningen

* Johannes Knijff (1561–1576)
* Jan van Bruhesen [nl] (1589–1592)
* Arnold Nijlen [nl] (1593–1594)

### Suffragan Bishops of Groningen

* Pieter Antoon Nierman (1956–1969)
* Bernard Möller [nl] (1969–1999)
* Wim Eijk (1999–2007), appointed Archbishop of Utrecht (elevated to Cardinal in 2012)
* Gerard de Korte (2008–2016), appointed Bishop of ’s-Hertogenbosch
* Cornelis van den Hout (2017–present)