OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Central African Republic–South Sudan border

The Central African Republic–South Sudan border is 1,055 kilometres (656 miles) in length and runs from the tripoint with Sudan in the north, to the tripoint with the Democratic Republic of the Congo in the south.

## Description

The precise starting point of the border in the north is in dispute, as both Sudan and South Sudan claim the Kafia Kingi region, which is currently under Sudanese administration. Starting at the de facto tripoint, the border proceeds southwards for a short distance, before turning to the south-east. The border then follows a series a very irregular lines overland in southeastwards direction, down to the tripoint with the DRC. The boundary roughly follows the division between the Nile and Congo drainage divide.

## History

The border first emerged during the Scramble for Africa, a period of intense competition between European powers in the later 19th century for territory and influence in Africa. The process culminated in the Berlin Conference of 1884, in which the European nations concerned agreed upon their respective territorial claims and the rules of engagements going forward. As a result of this France gained control the upper valley of the Niger River (roughly equivalent to the areas of modern Mali and Niger), and also the lands explored by Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza for France in Central Africa (roughly equivalent to modern Gabon and Congo-Brazzaville). From these bases the French explored further into the interior, eventually linking the two areas following expeditions in April 1900 which met at Kousséri in the far north of modern Cameroon. These newly conquered regions were initially ruled as military territories, with the two areas later organised into the federal colonies of French West Africa (Afrique occidentale française, abbreviated AOF) and French Equatorial Africa (Afrique équatoriale française, AEF).
In 1898-99 Britain and France agreed upon their mutual spheres of influence in northern third of Africa, and the two nations delimited a frontier between AEF and Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (i.e. the modern Chad-Sudan, CAR-Sudan and CAR-South Sudan borders). This was followed by demarcation on the ground by an Anglo-French commission in 1921–23, with the final border being ratified on 21 January 1924.
On 1 January 1956 Anglo-Egyptian Sudan declared independence as the Republic of Sudan; the Central African Republic followed later on 13 August 1960. Following a referendum, on 9 July 2011 South Sudan declared independence from Sudan, and thus inherited the bulk of the former CAR-Sudan border. The border region is remote and poorly policed, providing a safe haven for various rebel groups; it is thought the Joseph Kony of the Lord's Resistance Army may currently be hiding in the border region.

## Settlements near the border
### CAR

* Bambouti

### South Sudan

* Source Yubu
* Bariguna
* Ezo
# Joseph Probst

Joseph Probst (1911–1997) was a Luxembourgish painter who, in 1954, was one of the founder members of the Iconomaques group of abstract painters who opposed figurative art.

## Early life and education

Probst was born on 18 November 1911 in Vianden in the north of Luxembourg. After a classical education in Luxembourg from 1924 to 1931, he spent a year studying art at the Ecole des Artisans in Luxembourg City. He then went to Brussels where he attended the Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts before completing his studies at the École nationale supérieure des arts décoratifs in 1940.

## Career

After the Second World War, Probst began to work as an artist under the influence of Expressionism. Initially he concentrated on portraits of nudes and, especially mother-and-child paintings, but moved ever closer to abstract art under the influence of Michel Stoffel and Lucien Wercollier with whom he became one of the founding members of the Nouvelle Equipe.
In 1954, together with his wife Colette Würth and Will Dahlem, Henri Dillenburg, François Gillen, François Kinnen, Emile Kirscht, Wenzel Profant, Michel Stoffel und Lucien Wercollier, he became a co-founder of the Iconomaques, a group bent on abstract art. Thereafter, Probst was recognized as one of Luxembourg's classic artists, not just through local interest in his works but through exhibits at the Musée National d'Art Moderne in Paris and at the Universal Postal Union in Bern. In 1960, he was awarded the Italian Marzotto Prize, indicating the extent of foreign interest in his work.

## Style

His abstract style developed slowly from the early effects of his dark, subdued colours on form until his oils and guaches became ever more geometrical. From 1955, he moved even further into complex, interwoven forms with an extended spectrum of colour, making him a true proponent of lyrical abstract art. From 1972, he developed a new clarity of form which he also applied to stained-glass windows, murals and mosaics. The spiral took on special importance in his work, revealing his growing depth of interest in abstraction. Representing variations on a theme, his mosaics depict visual versions of musical compositions such as Franz Schubert's Winterreise cycle. In later life, Probst returned to figurative painting which can be seen in his 1994 and 1995 exhibits.
# Rüsselsheim Opelwerk station

Rüsselsheim Opelwerk station is a railway station in the Opelwerk ("Opel factory") district in the municipality of Rüsselsheim am Main, located in the Groß-Gerau district in Hesse, Germany.
# 2018 in Cuba

Events in the year 2018 in Cuba.

## Incumbents

* First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba: Raúl Castro
** Second Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba: José Ramón Machado Ventura
* President: Raúl Castro → Miguel Díaz-Canel
** First Vice President: Miguel Díaz-Canel → Salvador Valdés Mesa

## Events

* 11 March – the 2018 Cuban parliamentary election is held.
* 19 April – Miguel Díaz-Canel is sworn in as President of the Council of State, marking the first time since 1959 that neither Castro brother is leading Cuba. Raúl Castro remained the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba, the most senior position in the one-party socialist state.
* 21 April – Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro is the first foreign leader to meet with President Miguel Díaz-Canel.
* 18 May – Cubana de Aviación Flight 972 crashes shortly after takeoff from the José Martí International Airport, killing all but one of the 113 people on board.

## Deaths

* 12 January – Rudy Árias, baseball player (b. 1931).
* 1 February – Fidel Castro Díaz-Balart, nuclear physicist and government official (b. 1949)
* 4 March – José Triana, 87, Cuban poet.
* 16 March – Milán Matos, 68, Cuban long jumper.
* 23 May – Luis Posada Carriles, Cuban terrorist (b. 1928)
* 18 July – Pedro Pérez, triple jumper (b. 1952).
# South Holme

South Holme is a settlement and civil parish about 17 miles from York, in the county of North Yorkshire, England. In 2001 the parish had a population of 31. The parish touches Barton-le-Street, Fryton, Hovingham, Nunnington and Slingsby. South Holme shares a parish council with Slingsby and Fryton.

## Landmarks

South Holme has three listed buildings and three working farms.

## History

The name "Holme" is Old Norse and means 'Island', South Holme may have been the first place in the area to be properly cultivated, the "South" part to distinguish from North Holme. South Holme was recorded in the Domesday Book as Holm/Holme. South Holme was a township in the parish of Hovingham, it became a separate parish in 1866.
# Clive Clark (footballer)

Clive Clark (12 December 1940 – 1 May 2014) was an English footballer, known during his playing days by the nickname "Chippy".

## Career

Clark was a skilful left-winger who began his career at Leeds United as a teenager in the 1950s, but never broke into the first team at Elland Road. He joined Queens Park Rangers in September 1958, making his debut against AFC Bournemouth and went on to play 66 league games for Rangers, scoring 8 goals. A £17,000 move to West Bromwich Albion in January 1961 saw him play in the First Division for the first time. He spent nine years at the Hawthorns, forming part of an attacking force which later included Tony Brown, Jeff Astle and Bobby Hope. He scored both of West Brom's goals in their defeat at the hands of Queens Park Rangers in the 1967 Football League Cup Final and also scored in the second leg of West Brom's victory over West Ham United in the final of the same competition a year earlier. He also picked up an FA Cup winner's medal with Albion in 1968.
He returned to QPR briefly in 1969, before signing for Preston North End in 1969-70, making his debut against Bristol City on 24 January 1970. He made 83 appearances (including 2 as sub) for the Deepdale club, scoring 12 goals, and won a Third Division championship medal in 1970-71.
Clark moved to Southport in 1973, where he ended his career after just one season in the Third Division, playing eight league games and scoring once.
After retiring, he spent many years living in Filey.

## Death

Clark died on 1 May 2014 at the age of 73. A minute's applause was held in his memory prior to West Bromwich Albion's final game of the 2013–14 season, at home to Stoke City. The Albion players also wore black armbands for the game. The flags at Albion's home ground, the Hawthorns, flew at half-mast on the day of his funeral.

## Honours

West Bromwich Albion
* FA Cup: 1967–68
* Football League Cup: 1965–66
# Turboletae

The Turboletae or Turboleti (Greek: Torboletoi or Torboletes) were an obscure pre-Roman people from ancient Spain, which lived in the northwest Teruel province since the early 3rd Century BC.

## Origins

Their ethnical and linguistical affiliation is difficult to determine, though it seems that they were of part-Celtic, part-Illyrian ancestry, being confused by some ancient authors with either the Iberian Turdetani of Baetica or the Turduli.

## Culture

Their capital was the town of Turda, Turba, Turbola or Turbula, whose precise location is unknown, with some archeologists tentatively placing it at the Iron Age site of Alto Chácon (Muela de San Juan), in the vicinity of modern Teruel. No other pre-Roman sites connected with this people have been identified though recent archeological surveys at some Iron Age settlements in the Teruel region show that they were culturally affiliated with the Celtiberians. It has also been attributed to them the celtiberian inscription of Peñalva de Villastar.

## History

A warlike people whose tribal name later became a byword for unruly behaviour, the Turboletae were a constant source of trouble to most of their neighbours. Not only they harassed the Celtiberian Belli and Titii, but also raided the southeastern Iberian peoples throughout most of the 3rd century BC, in particularly the Edetanian city-state of Saguntum. As allies of Carthage the Turboletae actively participated in the incident that triggered the Second Punic War, the siege of Saguntum in 219-218 BC, where they assisted the Carthaginian troops in the final assault and looting of the city, slaughtering a great deal of its inhabitants. The backlash came in 212 BC when the Romans and their Edetani allies invaded Turboletania, seized the capital Turba and razed it to the ground, selling his residents to slavery.
In 205 BC the exhausted Turboletae sued for peace, on which the Roman Senate forced them to pay a huge compensation to the surviving citizens of Saguntum. However, the resentment fuelled by the heavy tribute imposed, coupled with the destruction of their capital city in the previous years may account for the Tuboletae revolt of 196 BC, under the apparent leadership of two generals named Budares and Baesadines. After being crushed by Quintus Minucius Thermus, Praetor of Hispania Citerior in a pitched battle near the ruins of Turba, the remaining Turboletae population appears to have been either obliterated or simply reduced to subject status and their devastated lands divided among the Bastetani and Edetani, resulting in their total disappearance from the historical record.
# Josy Barthel

Joseph ("Josy") Barthel (24 April 1927 – 7 July 1992) was a Luxembourgish athlete and politician. He was the surprise winner of the Men's 1500 metres at the 1952 Summer Olympics, and the only athlete representing Luxembourg to have won a gold medal at the Olympics. Besides athletics, Barthel also led successful careers in both chemistry and politics.

## Biography

Born in Mamer, Josy Barthel's abilities as a middle-distance runner were discovered during World War II. His first fame came by winning the 800 m at the Military World Championships in Berlin in 1947. The next year at Military World Championships in Brussels he won both 800 m and 1500 m.
At the 1948 Summer Olympics in London, Barthel finished ninth at the 1500 m final. Then he won Student World Championships in 1949 (1500 m) and 1951 (800 m and 1500 m). The absolute high point of Barthel's career was the 1952 Summer Olympics, where he surprised the crowd and himself by winning the 1500 m with a very strong finish. He also participated at the 1956 Summer Olympics, after which he retired from running. He was also Luxembourg champion in 800 m and 1500 m from 1946 to 1956.
In 1962 Barthel became the president of the Luxembourg Athletics Federation, then from 1973 to 1977 he was the president of the Luxembourgish Olympic and Sporting Committee. A member of the Democratic Party, he later entered politics, serving as a minister from 1977 to 1984 in the Thorn-Vouel-Berg and Werner-Thorn-Flesch governments.
Josy Barthel died in Luxembourg City after a severe illness.
The former national stadium of Luxembourg, home until September 2021 to the national football team, was named Stade Josy Barthel in his honor. The Lycée Technique Josy Barthel in Mamer also bears his name.
In 2006, Barthel was accused of doping by sports journalist Erik Eggers in the German newspaper Der Tagesspiegel. Eggers cited German physician Oskar Wegener who did research on methamphetamine and other doping substances in the 1950s. Wegener strongly denied saying Barthel had any connection with doping. The use of such substances was neither prohibited nor controlled until the 1960s.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Luxembourger Michel Théato won the marathon in 1900, but the IOC officially credits him as having represented France, despite later research proving his nationality.
* ↑ "Barthel emerges from under middle-distance radar". Olympics.com. Retrieved 16 August 2021.
* ↑ Erik Eggers (26 November 2006). "Mit der Kraft der Panzerschokolade". Der Tagesspiegel (in German). Archived from the original on 18 August 2008. Retrieved 30 December 2007.
* ↑ "Enkelin verteidigt Barthel gegen Vorwürfe" (in German). Luxemburger Wort. 29 November 2006. Archived from the original on 29 January 2008. Retrieved 5 August 2008.
* ↑ "("Es gibt keinen Dopingfall Barthel"" (in German). Luxemburger Wort. 28 November 2006. Archived from the original on 15 September 2007. Retrieved 5 August 2008.
# Cannabidiolic acid synthase

Cannabidiolic acid synthase (EC 1.21.3.8, CBDA synthase) is an enzyme with systematic name cannabigerolate:oxygen oxidoreductase (cyclizing, cannabidiolate-forming). It is an oxidoreductase found in Cannabis sativa that catalyses the formation of cannabidiolate, a carboxylated precursor of cannabidiol.

## Enzyme structure

Cannabidiolic acid synthase consists of a single protein with a molecular mass of 74 kDa. Its amino acid sequence is partly (40-50%) homologous to several other oxidoreductases, such as berberine bridge enzyme in Eschscholzia californica and Nectarin V in Nicotiana langsdorffii X N. sanderae.
CBDA synthase has four binding sites; two for FAD and two for the substrate.

## Enzyme function

Cannabidiolic acid synthase catalyses the production of cannabidiolate predominantly from cannabigerolate by stereospecific oxidative cyclization of the geranyl group of cannabigerolic acid according to the following chemical reaction:
    cannabigerolate + O$_2$ → cannabidiolate + H$_2$O$_2$
Cannabinerolate can also be used as a substrate, but with lower efficiency (K$_M$=0.137 mM) than cannabigerolate (K$_M$=0.206 mM). It covalently binds FAD, and does require coenzymes & molecular oxygen for the oxidocyclization reaction.
The optimum pH for CBDA synthase is 5.0.
# Zeppelinheim station

Zeppelinheim station is a station in the district of Zeppelinheim of the town of Neu-Isenburg in the German state of Hesse. It is located in the urban periphery of Frankfurt am Main and adjacent to Frankfurt Airport. The station is at the junction with a connecting curve from the Mannheim–Frankfurt railway to Frankfurt Airport long-distance station.

## Rail services

The station is served by line S7 of the Rhine-Main S-Bahn. Each day a single service of the Regionalbahn RB70 each way at night stops at the Zeppelinheim station. On Sundays and public holidays two Regionalbahn trains stop running towards Frankfurt, one in the morning and one in the evening. No Regionalbahn trains stop in the opposite direction on Sundays and holidays.
The station was opened in the late 1930s to serve the Zeppelin base opened nearby in 1936, which developed into Frankfurt Airport.

## Prospects

As part of the Frankfurt–Mannheim high-speed railway project and the new transport concept for the Frankfurt area, a bus connection to the planned Terminal 3 at Frankfurt Airport is being considered, possibly involving the reconstruction of Zeppelinheim station.
# Eighth Day Slice/Fiddlin on Ya Roof

Eighth Day Slice and Fiddlin on Ya Roof are the second album and first album of original songs by the Australian punk rock band Yidcore, released on 13 June 2005 (see 2005 in music). Eighth Day Slice is an album containing Yidcore's first original, composed songs as well as several covers. It includes a cover of Bette Midler's "Wind Beneath My Wings" and the track "Since I Bothered You" which both received play on Triple J as well as its counterpart music video show Rage.
Fiddlin on Ya Roof is a reworking of the musical Fiddler on the Roof. It features guest vocals from Ben Lee, Useless ID, Renée Geyer, Ella Hooper, Handsome Dick Manitoba, The Drugs and Adam Goren (of Atom And His Package).
Some of these tracks have previously been released: "Why Won't Adam Sandler Let Us Do His Song?" previously appeared on the Chicken Soup Caper and Adam Slander EPs and tracks 3, 7, 15 and 16 previously appeared on the compilation Scrambles: New, Rare, Live and Classic Shtick released on Yidcore's first tour of Israel in 2003.
Despite being a double album, the whole package could easily fit on one CD.
Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Beat Magazine | (Album of the week) mirror link |
| Bombshellzine.com | (Favourable) link |
| The Mercury | link |

## Track listing
### Eighth Day Slice

* "Pickle Me Screamo"
* "Lakchu Li Et Hachofesh" (Alon Chason cover)
* "Why Won't Adam Sandler Let Us Do His Song?"
* "Wind Beneath My Wings" (cover of Bette Midler)
* "You! Toilet Wall! Me! Marriage!"
* "Motherstrutter"
* "I Wanna Get To Know You in the Biblical Sense"
* "New Rock Is Just Like Old Rock Except Kinda Newer Sort Of"
* "Thank The Lord For Hipster Jeans"
* "Lu Yehi" (Chava Alberstein cover, written by Naomi Shemer)
* "I Will Be So Brief I Have Already Finished"
* "Aware of the Time"
* "Anthem for a Slothocracy"
* "Yoya" (Poogy cover)
* "Especially For You"
* "I Wish I Was More Like Woody Allen Cos My Daughter's A Bit of Alright"
* "Since I Bothered You"

### Fiddlin on ya Roof

* "Entre Act"
* "Tradition"
* "Matchmaker Matchmaker (An Ode To Natalie Portman)"
* "If I Were A Rich Man"
* "Sabbath Prayer"
* "To Life"
* "Miracle of Miracles"
* "Tevye's Dream"
* "Intermission"
* "Sunrise Sunset"
* "Now I Have Everything"
* "Do You Love Me?"
* "The Rumour"
* "Far From The Home I Love"
* "Chava Ballet Sequence (Little Bird)"
* "Anatevka"
# Patrick Painter

Patrick Painter (born Patrick Lee Painter, April 27, 1954, Long Beach, California), is an Irish-American art dealer who runs Patrick Painter Inc., which includes two art galleries in Bergamot Station, Santa Monica, California; he also owns Patrick Painter Editions.
Painter was mentored by art dealer Leo Castelli and curator Walter Hopps. In 1991, he began Patrick Painter Editions in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada and Hong Kong, with his first edition (of three) being two prints by Roy Arden. The next year, he made editions for Richard Prince, Larry Johnson, and Jeff Wall, among others. Since its inception, Patrick Painter Editions has made small editions of works by John Baldessari, Mike Kelley, Ed Ruscha, Paul McCarthy, Anish Kapoor, Peter Doig, Richard Hawkins, Glenn Brown, Andrea Zittel, Christopher Wool, Collier Schorr, Harmony Korine, Douglas Huebler, Felix Gonzalez-Torres, Art & Language and John Miller. Although Patrick Painter Editions was established in a depressed market, he managed to build his business upon the success he had turning editions. Fine art prints, or multiple editions, were looked down upon at the time by many critics and collectors; Painter created a unique approach to the market. In 1996, twenty galleries in several countries had shows of exclusively Patrick Painter Editions.
Painter opened Patrick Painter Inc., an art gallery in Santa Monica, CA, in 1997 with the backing and support of Mike Kelley and Paul McCarthy, while continuing to maintain his fine art editions activities. Today, Patrick Painter Inc. represents and shows work by both new and established artists including David Onri Anderson, Stephan Balleux, Georg Baselitz, Tim Berresheim, Glenn Brown, André Butzer, Greg Colson, Liz Craft, Valie Export, Bernard Frize, Francesca Gabbiani, Chaz Guest, Salomón Huerta, Jörg Immendorff, Larry Johnson, Mike Kelley, Won Ju Lim, John Miller, John Newsom, Albert Oehlen, Philippe Pasqua, Peter Saul, Mattias Schaufler, Christoph Schmidberger, Jim Shaw, Melanie Smith, Meyer Vaisman, Marnie Weber, Toby Ziegler, and Thomas Zipp, as well as the estate of Bas Jan Ader.
# Suburban Wives

Suburban Wives is a 1971 British sex comedy directed and written by Derek Ford and starring Eva Whishaw, Maggie Wright, and Gabrielle Drake.

## Plot

Newspaperwoman Sarah narrates a series of separate stories about the lives of various couples. Sarah describes a situation in which dissatisfied and bored middle-class housewives seek excitement and adventure outside their marital homes— and marital beds.

## Cast

* Eva Whishaw as Sarah
* Barry Linehan as John's Boss
* Heather Chasen as Kathy Lambert
* Gabrielle Drake as secretary
* Richard Thorp as Sarah's husband
* Robin Culver as photographer
* Maggie Wright as Irene
* Peter May as John
* Claire Gordon as Sheila
* Denys Hawthorne as George Lambert
* Jane Cardew as Carole
* Nicola Austin as Jean
* Pauline Peart as Mavis
* James Donnelly as Client
* Paul Antrim as bookmaker

## Critical reception

Monthly Film Bulletin said "An uneasy attempt to marry a thin veneer of pseudo-documentary to a series of O. Henry-ish but determinedly naughty tales, with the whole thing heavily laced by doses of nudity and titillation. With the possible exception of Kathy's story, nicely timed and beautifully acted by Heather Chasen, there is very little wit in evidence, and the film simply drags coyly on and on."
It was described by The New York Times as "a spicy satire of modern manners and mores."
According to Leon Hunt the film represents the suburban wives as both "banal and voracious, passive and rapacious, timid and uncontainable. The Daily Mirror described the characters as a "monstrous regiment of frustrated wives".
Stephanie Dennison sees it as an example of "soft-core porn films" that represent "naughty suburban housewives" as part of "democratization of female sexual desire".