OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Battle of El Maguey

The Battle of El Maguey was a battle of the War of Mexican Independence that occurred on 2 May 1811 at El Maguey, in the State of Aguascalientes. The battle was fought between the royalist forces loyal to the Spanish crown, commanded by General Miguel Emparan, and the Mexican rebels fighting for independence from the Spanish Empire, commanded by Ignacio López Rayón. The battle resulted in a victory for the Spanish royalists.

## The battle

In early May 1811, the Spanish Brigadier General, Miguel Emparan, at the head of 3,000 men with the colonels Pedro García Conde and the Count of House Rule as his second in commands, pursued the army of Ignacio López Rayón through the state of Aguascalientes. The Spanish caught up with the Mexican rebels in the area around the ranch of El Maguey on 3 May.
Rayón sent his infantry, baggage and supplies to the town of La Piedad de Cavadas, but remained in his position at El Maguey with 14 pieces of artillery and a cavalry picket to fight a rearguard action against the overwhelming advancing Spanish forces. The stand was meant to give his infantry time to escape their pursuers so they could make an organized retreat from the Spanish. General Emparan gave battle and the two armies maneuvered for position around the ranch.
Rayón took advantage of the confusion caused by the smoke and dust in the air and fled the action whilst Emparan continued his advance. In the end, the royalists were able to successfully take possession of all the rebel cannon left behind on the battlefield.
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# Ahmed Hussain Shah

Ahmed Hussain Shah is a Pakistani politician who had been a member of the Provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa from March 2019 till January 2023.

## Political career

Shah started his political career with Pakistan Peoples Party. His father Muzammil Shah was also a senior politician and was a close aide to PPP founder Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. He first won provincial assembly seat in 2008 general elections and remained Provincial Minister for Industry and Commerce in Awami National Party's coalition government. He lost next two general elections, 2013 and 2018, consecutively, both as a candidate of the PPP.
He then joined the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) after the disqualification of Pakistan Muslim League (N) (PML(N)) MPA Mian Zia ur Rehman.
Shah contested the subsequent by-election on 26 February 2019 from PK-30 (Mansehra-I) as a candidate of the PTI. He won the election with a majority of 6,493 votes over the runner up Mazhar Qasim of PML(N). He garnered 46,438 votes while Qasim received 39,945 votes.
He left Pakistan Tehreek Insaf following the May 9 riots and joined Pakistan Tehreek Insaf Parliamentarians.
Shah contested 2024 Pakistani general election as a candidate of Pakistan Tehreek Insaf Parliamentarian and lost seat to PTI-backed Independent candidate Munir Lughmani Swati. Munir Lughmani Swati secured 35074 votes while Shah secured 12356 votes.
# Vipertime

Vipertime are a British instrumental group formed in Leeds in 2018. They consist of saxophone, bass guitar and two drum kits. Their music combines elements of jazz, afrobeat, post-punk and dub.

## Career

After forming as a free-improvising group at basement house parties in Leeds' Hyde Park, the band started rehearsing and composing before recording and self-releasing their All Our Heroes Are Dead EP in July 2018. This led to more shows and soon the band settled on a line-up of Ben Powling on tenor saxophone, Matías Reed on bass guitar alongside Luke Reddin-Williams and Charlie Grimwood on drums.
During this period Powling and Reed wrote the material for Vipertime's debut album Shakedown, drawing on the influences of Mulatu Astatke, Pharoah Sanders and Gang Of Four as well as their peers in the current UK jazz scene. The album was recorded at Eiger Studios in Leeds and released on HPBC Records in May 2019. Shakedown received radio play on Worldwide FM, BBC Radio 3 and BBC Introducing and notable shows from this period include Lancaster Jazz Festival, Smugglers Festival, Band On The Wall in Manchester, Brudenell Social Club in Leeds and Hootananny Brixton in London. Writing for Jazz Revelations, Ben Lee noted that on Shakedown the group "capture the energy of their post-punk influences and improvise skillfully like their free jazz idols to create ... a cauldron of moshable jazz".
In 2020 the band released Live At Smugglers Festival, a Bandcamp-only EP raising funds for the charity Solidaritech. The EP was recorded at the eponymous festival the previous September and "bares the ferocity, abandon and razor-sharp senses of the band’s live performance".
Vipertime released a new single 'Limbs' and B-side 'All Our Heroes Are Dead' on HPBC Records on 5 February 2021, which received radio pay on Gilles Peterson's BBC Radio 6 Music show and Worldwide FM plays from Colin Curtis (DJ) and Tina Edwards. These tracks mix the band's trademark "Nubian scales and punk aggression" with the influence of saxophonists Steve Grossman and Gato Barbieri.
In May 2022 the band released their single 'Beatviper' and followed this with 'Head Up (feat. Franz Von)' in November 2022. Both singles came out on HPBC Records and featured drummer George Hall replacing Charlie Grimwood.
On 5 May 2023 the band released their second album Arise and followed this with a 10-date UK tour. Described as “technically outstanding and phenomenally imaginative” by Louder Than War, the album received radioplay from Gilles Peterson and Iggy Pop on BBC Radio 6 Music, Jamie Cullum on BBC Radio 2 and YolanDa Brown on Jazz FM. The album includes guest appearances from Jasmine Myra (Gondwana Records) on alto saxophone, Mick Bardon on cello, and vocals from Jamaican-born, Sheffield-based hip-hop and afro-fusion artist Franz Von. Louder Than War placed the album at #64 in their Albums Of 2023 list.

## Discography
### Albums

* Shakedown (2019)
* Arise (2023)

### EPs

* All Our Heroes Are Dead (2018)
* Live at Smugglers Festival (2020)

### Singles

* Augury (2019)
* Limbs/All Our Heroes Are Dead (2021)
* Beatviper (2022)
* Head Up (feat. Franz Von) (2022)
# Tenure of Office Act (1820)

The Tenure of Office Act of 1820, also known as the Four Years' Law, was passed on May 15, 1820 by the United States Congress, and purported to be "an Act to limit the term of office of certain officers therein named, and for other purposes". The author of the law was Secretary of the Treasury William H. Crawford; it was introduced into the Senate by Mahlon Dickerson of New Jersey.
The Act imposed tenure limits on officeholders, and ensured their removal under certain conditions. Congress asserted a right to remove officers, ostensibly to create a blank slate for incoming presidents as well as to weed out poor performers. The law encroached on executive authority by replacing the previous powers of the executive. (Previously, the president determined tenures for public officers like district attorneys, naval officers, and tax collectors.)

## Background

Former president James Madison argued that the Four Years' Law of 1820 was unconstitutional because the four-year limit was arbitrary and a precedent that could enable Congress to limit office tenure to as short as a day. Though a loss of executive power was feared, these limited terms frequently served to benefit the presidency. President Andrew Jackson enforced this law believing a system of rotation in office was a democratic reform and would make civil service responsible to the popular will. Efforts to challenge this law took place during Jackson's presidency starting in 1830. When the Senate considered a bill to repeal the Four Years' Law on February 13, 1835, Senator Samuel Southard argued that by allowing the president to renominate officers for another term once their current one ended, the act encouraged corruption. He stated:
   ...every four years...the officers appointed under it were to go out of office if not reappointed. Now, these officers would feel themselves dependent on the executive, who had the power to leave them out or renominate them. Every man [acts] on the principle that he is to support the man who will keep him in office
Due to Congress' lack of public comment regarding the matter, the eventual results of these debates were never disclosed. The act was replaced in 1867 and lasted 20 years.
# Guillermo Suárez

Guillermo Alejandro Suárez (born 9 June 1985 in Lincoln, Buenos Aires) is an Argentine footballer who currently plays for Coquimbo Unido as winger.

## Career

Suárez started his youth career with Deportivo Armenio in 2001. In 2002, he joined Rivadavia de Lincoln where he played until 2007.
Suárez joined Primera División side Club Atletico Tigre in 2007 and was part of the squad that achieved their highest ever league finish by claiming 2nd place in the Apertura 2007 tournament.
On July 3, 2008, he signed for Croatian champions GNK Dinamo Zagreb. He was then loaned back to Club Atletico Tigre for the calendar year of 2009 and then to Inter Zaprešić in 2010.
# Robin Hood (1912 film)

Robin Hood is a 1912 film made by Eclair Studios. The film's costumes feature enormous versions of the familiar hats of Robin and his merry men, and uses the unusual effect of momentarily superimposing images of different animals over each character to emphasize their good or evil qualities. The film was directed by Étienne Arnaud and Herbert Blaché, and written by Eustace Hale Ball. A restored copy of the 30-minute film exists and was exhibited in 2006 at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City.

## Cast

* Robert Frazer ... Robin Hood
* Barbara Tennant ... Maid Marian
* Alec B. Francis ... Sheriff of Nottingham
* Julia Stuart ... Sheriff's Housekeeper
* Mathilde Baring ... Maid at Merwyn's
* Isabel Lamon ... Fennel
* Muriel Ostriche ... Christabel
* M. E. Hannefy ... Friar Tuck
* Guy Oliver ... Guy Oliver
* George Larkin ... Alan-a-Dale
* Charles Hundt ... Will Scarlet
* John Troyano ... Much
* Arthur Hollingsworth ... Richard the Lion-Hearted
* Lamar Johnstone ... Guy of Gisbourne
* John G. Adolfi ... Thomas Merwin
* Gonzalo Meroño ... Richard Steward
* Jaime Sánchez ... Matt Edward
* Adrián López ... John Murphy
* Pablo Alvarez Fraile ... Will Tuck
* Alejandro Campillo Yañez ... Lamon Yañez Sarasa
# 112th Street Bridge

The 112th Street Bridge is a bridge that carries New York State Route 470 across the Hudson River in New York. It connects Van Schaick Island in the city of Cohoes with the Lansingburgh neighborhood of Troy. The original bridge was built in 1922 and demolished in 1995. The newer version was completed in 1996.
# Frank Sanfilippo

Francisco Sanfilippo (born September 8, 1981) is an American former soccer player who is currently an assistant coach for the University of San Diego.

## Career
### College

Sanfilippo was born in San Diego, California. After graduating from University High School in 1999, he attended San José State University where he was a member of the men's soccer team from 1999 to 2003. In February 2003, the San Jose Earthquakes selected Sanfilippo in the 6th round (56th overall) of the 2003 MLS SuperDraft. He did not sign with the Earthquakes, but remained in school to finish his degree in sociology.

### Professional

Sanfilippo signed with Syracuse Salty Dogs in the USL First Division in 2004. The Dogs folded at the end of the 2004 season, and he moved to the Rochester Rhinos in 2005. When Rhinos defender Scott Schweitzer retired at the beginning of the 2006 season, it was Sanfilippo that Rhinos' coach Laurie Calloway called upon to be a steadying force in the Rhinos defense and mentor a young Rhinos backline, which had been devastated from the previous years' retirements, transfers, and injuries. He was equal to the task and helped lead the Rhinos to the USL Championship match. Sanfilippo was named to the 2006 USL-1 All-Star team.
In 2007, he moved to the expansion Carolina RailHawks where he played two seasons, both as team captain. On 20 January 2009, he signed with the Charleston Battery.
Sanfilippo rejoined Rochester Rhinos in February 2010. After one season with the Rhinos, he signed with FC Tampa Bay of the North American Soccer League on February 8, 2011, on a one-year contract with a club option for 2012.
After a successful 2011 season with Tampa Bay, the club exercised its 2012 option on Sanfilippo's contract on October 4, 2011. Two months later, the club signed Sanfilippo to a new contract through the 2014 season.
Sanfilippo spent the 2015 season in South Florida with the Fort Lauderdale Strikers before returning to Tampa Bay on December 21, 2015.

## Honors
### Tampa Bay Rowdies

* North American Soccer League:
** Champion 2012

### Rochester Rhinos

* USSF Division 2 Pro League Regular Season Champions: 2010
# 1869 Antrim by-election

The 1869 Antrim by-election was fought on 21 August 1869. The by-election was fought due to the death of the incumbent MP of the Conservative Party, George Henry Seymour. It was won by the Conservative candidate Hugh de Grey Seymour.
# V830 Tauri

V830 Tauri is a T Tauri star located 425.2 light-years (130.4 pc) away from the Sun in the constellation Taurus. This star is very young, with an age of only 2 million years, compared to the Sun's age, which is 4.6 billion years. Typical for a young stars, it exhibits strong flare activity, with three flares detected during a 91-day observation period in 2016.

## Characteristics

V830 Tauri is an M-type star. The star has a mass of roughly 1 solar mass, but has a radius of 2 solar radii, due to the star's age, which means that it hasn't fully contracted yet to become a main-sequence star. (It will likely be on the main sequence portion of its lifetime for about 10 billion years, much like the Sun.) It has a surface temperature of 4,250 K. For comparison, the Sun's surface temperature is 5,772 K.
V830 Tauri is a weak-lined T Tauri star, a pre-main sequence star that has a surrounding disc producing emission lines in its spectrum. It is also classified as a BY Draconis variable, cool stars with starspots and chromospheric activity that vary in brightness as they rotate. The variable period of 2.74 days matches the rotation period.

## Planetary system

The V830 Tauri planetary system :
| Companion (in order from star) | Mass | Semimajor axis (AU) | Orbital period (days) | Eccentricity | Inclination | Radius |
| b (controversial) | 0.77±0.15 M$_J$ | 0.057±0.001 | 4.93±0.05 | 0 | 55° | — |
On June 20, 2016, an exoplanet was found around V830 Tauri via radial velocity. It is one of, if not the youngest exoplanet ever found, with an age of only about 2 million years. The exoplanet has a mass of about 0.77 masses of Jupiter and is orbiting 0.057 AU away from its host star with a period of 4.93 d and an inclination of 55°. However, a 2020 study was unable to confirm this planet.
V830 Tauri b orbits its parent star every 4.93 days at a distance of 0.057 AU from its parent star. This is about 7x closer to the host star than the planet Mercury is to the Sun. Its mass is about 70% that of Jupiter, and, because it is orbiting very close to its parent star, it is classified as a hot Jupiter.
Previously, before the discovery of V830 Tauri b (and a slightly older planet named K2-33b, with an age around 5-10 million years), TW Hya b was discovered and disproven and PTFO 8-8695 b / CVSO 30 b was discovered with an age equally young and an orbit even closer. The yet unconfirmed objects are pending confirmation. The discovery of V830 Tauri b, K2-33b and PTFO 8-8695 b / CVSO 30 b suggests that the formation and migration of close-in giant planets can occur on a timescale of only a few million years. The new discoveries support planet-disc interactions as the most likely mechanism for efficiently producing young hot Jupiters.
# 1874 Bologna insurrection

In August 1874, the Italian government foiled an insurrectionary plot by Bakuninist anarchists in Bologna, Italy.

## Planning

Anarchist Mikhail Bakunin plotted an insurrection in Italy to hasten an uprising that he and his adherents felt was already imminent with declining economic conditions. Carlo Cafiero purchased 250 rifles and pistols in preparation for the uprising. Bakunin and Cafiero created a national plan of action with Andrea Còsta and Errico Malatesta. They envisioned spontaneous revolutionary uprisings across the country, extending from Bologna. Cafiero wrote a propaganda statement heralding redemption for Italian peasants. Còsta was the head organizer and Bakunin would lead the Bologna insurrection.
In preparation, Costa and Cafiero created the Comitato Italiano per la Rivoluzione Sociale (CIRS) in December 1873 as an extension of the Bakunin Revolutionary Socialist Alliance.

## Arrest and aftermath

The Italian government, with advanced notice from peasants who rejected the Bakuninsts, easily arrested Còsta before the insurrection could begin. Bakunin, disguised as a priest, fled Italy, and the other leaders were jailed. It was a major setback to the Italian anarchist movement.
Cafiero missed the failed insurrection, having been in Russia arranging to marry the revolutionary Olimpia Kutuzova since earlier in the year. While the marriage was to grant her Western asylum, rather than for love, her detention as a subversive complicated his action. The failure of the insurrection strained his otherwise highly favorable relationship with Bakunin.
# Pedro Carmona

Pedro Francisco Carmona Estanga (born 6 July 1941) is a former Venezuelan business leader who was briefly installed as acting president of Venezuela in place of Hugo Chávez, following the attempted military coup in April 2002.

## April 2002

The early part of 2002 saw mass protests and a general strike by opponents of Hugo Chávez. On 11 April 2002, following clashes between both supporters and opponents of Chávez, Lucas Rincón, commander-in-chief of the Venezuelan Armed Forces, announced in a nationwide broadcast that Chávez had tendered his resignation from the presidency. While Chávez was brought to a military base and held there, military leaders appointed Carmona as the transitional President of Venezuela.
In the face of crowds of Chávez supporters taking to the streets and under pressure from some quarters of the military, Chávez was restored to office. During Carmona's 36-hour government, military officers held Chávez and attempted to force his exile. Additionally, security forces conducted raids without warrants and took some Chávez supporters into custody illegally, including National Assembly deputy Tarek William Saab, a member of the Chávez-aligned MVR, who was taken into protective custody by security forces after a large crowd had gathered around his home, threatening him and his family. He was held incommunicado for several hours.
After the coup, Carmona was placed under house arrest, but he was able to gain asylum in the Colombian embassy after an anti-Chávez protest drew away his security detail. Later, he was granted asylum in Colombia, where he has worked as a tenured lecturer at the Sergio Arboleda University.
# Iraota distanti

Iraota distanti, the Distant's silverstreak, is a species of lycaenid or blue butterfly with at least two subspecies (the nominate and nileia (Fruhstorfer, 1904). It is found in Peninsular Thailand, Malaya, Singapore, Sumatra, Mentawi and Borneo (nileia)

## Description in Seitz

The anal part of the hindwing has a rounded margin; the blue above extending much farther towards the margin than in any form of timoleon, the under surface exhibits a bright ruddle-red tinge and all the white spots are small and equably distributed across the surface of the wings.In nileia the males have a bright ruddle-red tinge above and all the white spots are very small and equably distributed across the surface of the wings.

## Etymology

The name honours William Distant.

## Gallery

* Male, composite image from Brunei
* Female, composite image from Brunei
# 1876 Rutlandshire by-election

The 1876 Rutlandshire by-election was fought on 17 August 1876. The by-election was fought due to the incumbent Conservative MP, Gerard Noel, becoming First Commissioner of Works. It was retained by the incumbent.
# Zeta Herculis

Zeta Herculis, Latinized from ζ Herculis, is a multiple star system in the constellation Hercules. It has a combined apparent visual magnitude of 2.81, which is readily visible to the naked eye. Parallax measurements put it at a distance of about 35.0 light-years (10.7 parsecs) from Earth.
The primary member is a subgiant star that is somewhat larger than the Sun and has just begun to evolve away from the main sequence as the supply of hydrogen at its core becomes exhausted. It is orbited by a smaller companion star at a mean angular separation of 1.5 arcseconds, which corresponds to a physical separation of about 15 Astronomical Units. This distance is large enough so that the two stars do not have a significant tidal effect on each other. The stars orbit each other over a period of 34.45 years, with a semi-major axis of 1.33" and an eccentricity of 0.46.
Component A has a stellar classification of F9 IV. It has about 2.7 times the radius of the Sun and 1.45 times the Sun's mass. This star is radiating more than seven times the luminosity of the Sun at an effective temperature of 5,760 K. The secondary component (Component B) is about the same size and mass as the Sun, with an effective temperature of 5,300 K. Both stars are rotating slowly. There may be a faint third member of this system, although little is known about it.
The dual nature of this system was reported by F. G. W. Struve in 1826. The pair orbit each other with a period of 34.45 years and an eccentricity of 0.46. The magnitude difference between the A-B pair is 1.52 ± 0.04 magnitudes (at 700 nm). Two astrometric studies have failed to detect a third component to the A-B binary.
This system forms part of the Zeta Herculis moving group of stars. This group includes: φ$^2$ Pavonis, ζ Reticuli, 1 Hydrae, Gl 456, Gl 678, and Gl 9079.
# Rudy Kutler

Rudolph John Kutler (November 14, 1901 – March 20, 1974) was an American football player and coach. He played college football at Ohio State University from 1921 to 1924 and professionally in the National Football League (NFL) with the Cleveland Bulldogs in 1925. Kutler served two stints at the head football coach at Kenyon College, in 1932 and from 1941 to 1943, compiling a record of 14–7–3.

## Head coaching record

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing |
| Kenyon Lords (Ohio Athletic Conference) (1932) ||||||
| 1932 | Kenyon | 2–3–1 | 2–2 | T–11th |
| Kenyon Lords (Ohio Athletic Conference) (1941–1943) ||||||
| 1941 | Kenyon | 5–2 | 4–1 | 5th |
| 1942 | Kenyon | 5–2 | 1–2 | T–11th |
| 1943 | Kenyon | 2–0–2 | NA | NA |
| Kenyon: | Kenyon: | 14–7–3 | 7–5 | |
| Total: | Total: | 14–7–3 | | |