# Anil K. Jain (computer scientist, born 1948)

Anil Kumar Jain (born 1948) is an Indian-American computer scientist and University Distinguished Professor in the Department of Computer Science & Engineering at Michigan State University, known for his contributions in the fields of pattern recognition, computer vision and biometric recognition. He is among the top few most highly cited researchers in computer science and has received various high honors and recognitions from institutions such as ACM, IEEE, AAAS, IAPR, SPIE, the U.S. National Academy of Engineering, the Indian National Academy of Engineering and the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

## Biography

Born in India, Anil K. Jain received his Bachelor of Technology in electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur in 1969. He received his MS and PhD from the Ohio State University in 1970 and 1973, respectively. His PhD advisor was Robert B. McGhee, and his PhD thesis was titled Some Aspects of Dimensionality and Sample Size Problems in Statistical Pattern Recognition. Jain taught at Wayne State University from 1972 to 1974 and joined the faculty of Michigan State University in 1974, where he is currently a University Distinguished Professor.
Jain is an ISI Highly Cited researcher. In 2016, he was elected to the National Academy of Engineering and Indian National Academy of Engineering "for contributions to the engineering and practice of biometrics". In 2007, he received the W. Wallace McDowell Award, the highest technical honor awarded by the IEEE Computer Society, for his pioneering contributions to theory, technique, and practice of pattern recognition, computer vision, and biometric recognition systems. He has also received numerous other awards, including the Guggenheim Fellowship, Humboldt Research Award, IAPR Pierre Devijver Award, Fulbright Fellowship, IEEE Computer Society Technical Achievement award, IAPR King-Sun Fu Prize, and IEEE ICDM Research Contribution Award. He is a Fellow of the ACM, IEEE for contributions to image processing, AAAS, IAPR and SPIE. He also received best paper awards from the IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks (1996) and the Pattern Recognition journal (1987, 1991, and 2005). For 2024 he was awarded the BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award in the category of "Information and Communication Technologies".
He served as a member of the U.S. National Academies panels on Information Technology, Whither Biometrics and Improvised Explosive Devices (IED). He also served as a member of the Defense Science Board, Forensic Science Standards Board, and AAAS Latent Fingerprint Working Group. In 2019, he was elected a Foreign Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Based on his Google Scholar profile, he had an h-index of 200 in 2020, which was the highest among computer scientists identified in a survey published by UCLA at the time, however he was since surpassed by Yoshua Bengio, a researcher of similar subjects (neural networks and deep learning for artificial intelligence). As of August 2023, Jain's h-index on Google Scholar is 211 and Bengio's is 224.
Another source reported that as of December 2022, he had the highest discipline h-index (D-index) in computer science.
Anil Jain was conferred a doctorate honoris causa by the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology in 2021 and by the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid in 2018.

## Selected publications
### Books

* 1988. Algorithms For Clustering Data. With Richard C. Dubes. Prentice Hall.
* 1993. Markov Random Fields: Theory and Applications. With Rama Chellappa eds. Academic Press.
* 1999. Biometrics: Personal Identification in Networked Society. With Ruud M. Bolle and Sharath Pankanti eds. Springer.
* 2003. Handbook of Fingerprint Recognition. (2nd edition 2008). With D. Maio, D. Maltoni, S. Prabhakar. Springer.
* 2005. Handbook of Face Recognition. (2nd edition 2011). With S. Z. Li ed. Springer.
* 2006. Handbook of Multibiometrics. With A. Ross and K. Nandakumar. Springer.
* 2007. Handbook of Biometrics. With P. Flynn and A. Ross eds. Springer.
* 2011. Introduction to Biometrics. With A. Ross and K. Nandakumar. Springer.
* 2015. Encyclopedia of Biometrics (Second Edition). With Stan Li. Springer.

### Research articles

* Cross, George R. and Anil K. Jain. "Markov random field texture models". IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence (1983): 25-39.
* Jain, Anil K., and Farshid Farrokhnia. "Unsupervised texture segmentation using Gabor filters". Pattern Recognition 24.12 (1991): 1167-1186.
* Jain, Anil K., and Douglas Zongker. "Feature selection: Evaluation, application, and small sample performance". IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 19.2 (1997): 153-158.
* Jain Anil K., L Hong, S Pankanti, R Bolle. "An Identity-Authentication System using Fingerprints" Proceedings of the IEEE, 85.9 (1997): 1365-1388.
* Hsu, Rein-Lien, Mohamed Abdel-Mottaleb, and Anil K. Jain. "Face detection in color images". IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 24.5 (2002): 696-706.
* Figueiredo, Mario A.T. and Anil K. Jain. "Unsupervised learning of finite mixture models". IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 24.3 (2004): 381-396.

### Survey articles

* A. K. Jain, J. Mao, and M. Mohiuddin. "Artificial Neural Networks: A Tutorial Archived 2017-08-09 at the Wayback Machine", IEEE Computer, Vol. 29.3 (1996), 31-44.
* Jain, Anil K., M. Narasimha Murty, and Patrick J. Flynn. "Data clustering: a review Archived 2013-09-03 at the Wayback Machine". ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR) 31.3 (1999): 264-323.
* Jain, Anil K., Robert P. W. Duin, and Jianchang Mao. "Statistical pattern recognition: A review". IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 22.1 (2000): 4-37.
* Jain, Anil K., Arun Ross, and Salil Prabhakar. "An Introduction to Biometric Recognition". IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, 14.1 (2004): 4-20.
* Jain, Anil K. "Biometric Recognition: Q & A". Nature, Vol. 449, pp. 38–40, Sept. 2007.
* Jain, Anil K. "Data Clustering: 50 Years Beyond K-Means". Pattern Recognition Letters, Vol. 31, No. 8, pp. 651–666, June 2010.