OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Battle of Gorni Dubnik

The Battle of Gorni Dubnik took place during the Russo-Turkish War on 24 October 1877. In an effort to reduce the fortress of Pleven quicker, Russian forces began targeting garrisons along the Ottoman supply and communications route. A significant garrison had been reduced at the Battle of Lovcha in September. General Joseph Vladimirovich Gourko was called up from the Shipka Pass area to deal with more of the garrisons protecting Pleven.
On October 24 Gourko attacked the fortress of Gorni-Dubnik. The Russian attack met heavy resistance but two other Russian columns were able to easily push back the Ottoman lines. The Finnish Guard sharpshooter battalion participated on the battle and stormed the fortress walls. Gourko continued the attacks and the garrison commander Ahmed Hifzi Pasha surrendered. Within the month several more Ottoman garrisons were to fall including Orhanie. By October 24 the Russian army had surrounded Plevna which capitulated December 10.
The battle is commemorated in the Finnish Guard Regiment March. October 24 is the honorary day of the descendant of the Finnish Guards' Rifle Battalion, the Finnish Guard Jaeger Regiment.
# Johan Rasmussen

Johan Rasmussen (born 18 July 1970) is a Swedish former ski jumper. He competed in the FIS Ski Jumping World Cup from 1990 to 1996, with twelfth place being his best career finish. He also competed in three World Championships and the 1994 Olympics.
He was born in Borås, and represented the club IF Friska Viljor in Örnsköldsvik. He made his World Cup debut in March 1990 with a 71st place in Örnsköldsvik, and made three starts in 1991. He also participated in the 1991 World Ski Championships. He made ten starts in the 1991–1992 World Cup, collecting his first World Cup points with a 21st place in March 1992 in Trondheim. In the 1992–1993 World Cup he participated in the Four Hills Tournament, and collected World Cup points three times there before achieving a career best; a 20th place in Lahti in March 1993. At the 1993 World Ski Championships he finished 31st in the normal hill and 34th in the large hill.
In the 1993–1994 World Cup he racked up two twelfth places in December; in Predazzo and Engelberg. He also achieved a 25th, 27th and 21st place. His last World Cup race of the season, where he finished 41st, doubled as the 1994 Ski-Flying World Championships. At the 1994 Winter Olympics, he finished 41st in the large hill and tenth in the team competition. In the 1994–1995 World Cup he only collected World Cup points three times, with a 23rd, 19th and 24 place, and at the 1995 World Ski Championships he finished 47th in the normal hill and 53rd in the large hill. In the 1995–1996 World Cup he only managed one 27th place as his best, as well as a 44th place at the 1996 Ski-Flying World Championships.
# Channomuraena bauchotae

Channomuraena bauchotae, the Réunion broadbanded moray, is a moray eel found in the western Indian Ocean. It inhabits rocky coasts.
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 2111

United Nations Security Council resolution 2111 was adopted in 2013.
The resolution mandates the group monitoring sanctions imposed on Somalia, explicitly targeting parties that obstructed justice while further easing funding and equipment restrictions on the United Nations and European Union missions in that country.
# Dominik Mader

Dominik Mader (born 19 April 1989 in Göppingen) is a German footballer who plays for Türkischer SV Donzdorf.

## Career

Mader made his debut on the professional league level in the 2. Bundesliga for TuS Koblenz on 29 October 2008, when he started a game against TSV 1860 München.
# 2009–10 Georgian Cup

The 2009–10 Georgian Cup (also known as the David Kipiani Cup) was the 66th season overall and twentieth since independence of the Georgian annual football tournament. The competition began on 25 August 2009 and ended with the Final on 26 May 2010. The defending champions were Dinamo Tbilisi.

## Round of 32

These matches were played on 25 and 26 August and 16 September 2009.
| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| Kolkheti Khobi | 0–2 | Merani Martvili |
| Dinamo Batumi | 1–2 | Chikhura Sachkere |
| Imereti Khoni | 2–3 (a.e.t.) | Kolkheti-1913 Poti |
| 35th F.S. Tbilisi | 2–1 | Meskheti Akhaltsikhe |
| Norchi Dinamo | 0–1 | Sioni Bolnisi |
| International Black Sea University | 0–2 | Spartaki Tskhinvali |
| Hereti Lagodekhi | 1–2 | Lokcomotive Tbilisi |
| Adeli Batumi | 1–3 | Torpedo Kutaisi |
| Guria Lanchkhuti | 1–3 | Baia Zugdidi |
| Ozurgeti | 2–1 | Magharoeli Chiatura |
| Meshakhte Tkibuli | 0–2 | Samtredia |
| Aragvi Dusheti | 1–2 (a.e.t.) | Gagra |

## Round of 16

In this round entered 12 winners from the previous round as well as four teams that finished first, second, third and fourth in last year's Umaglesi Liga: WIT Georgia, Dinamo Tbilisi, Olimpi Rustavi and Zestaponi. The matches were played on 21 October 2009.
| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| Baia Zugdidi | 3–0 | Sioni Bolnisi |
| Chikhura Sachkere | 1–0 | Olimpi Rustavi |
| Torpedo Kutaisi | 0–2 | Zestaponi |
| 35th F.S. Tbilisi | 0–1 | Dinamo Tbilisi |
| Kolkheti-1913 Poti | 2–1 (a.e.t.) | Gagra |
| Ozurgeti | 0–6 | Spartaki Tskhinvali |
| Merani Martvili | 2–0 | Samtredia |
| Locomotive Tbilisi | 1–3 | WIT Georgia |

## Quarterfinals

The eight winners from the previous round play in this round. The first legs were played on 3 November 2009 and the second legs were played on 1 and 2 December 2009.
| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| Merani Martvili | 1–1 (a) | Kolkheti-1913 Poti | 0–0 | 1–1 |
| Zestaponi | 3–4 | WIT Georgia | 3–0 | 0–4 (a.e.t.) |
| Baia Zugdidi | 2–3 | Spartaki Tskhinvali | 1–1 | 1–2 |
| Chikhura Sachkere | 1–1 (a) | Dinamo Tbilisi | 1–1 | 0–0 |

## Semifinals

The four winners from the previous round played in this round. The first legs were played on 23 March 2010 and the second legs were played on 14 April 2010.
| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| Merani Martvili | 1–2 | WIT Georgia | 1–0 | 0–2 |
| Spartaki Tskhinvali | 0–3 | Dinamo Tbilisi | 0–0 | 0–3 |
# Ukraine national football team results (1992–2009)

This is a list of the Ukraine national football team results from 1992 to 2009 (Matches 1 – 162).

## Results
### Key to background colours

    – indicates Ukraine won the match
    – indicates Ukraine's opposition won the match
    – indicates the match ended in a draw
# Young stellar object

Young stellar object (YSO) denotes a star in its early stage of evolution. This class consists of two groups of objects: protostars and pre-main-sequence stars.

## Classification by spectral energy distribution

A star forms by accumulation of material that falls in to a protostar from a circumstellar disk or envelope. Material in the disk is cooler than the surface of the protostar, so it radiates at longer wavelengths of light producing excess infrared emission. As material in the disk is depleted, the infrared excess decreases. Thus, YSOs are usually classified into evolutionary stages based on the slope of their spectral energy distribution in the mid-infrared, using a scheme introduced by Lada (1987). He proposed three classes (I, II and III), based on the values of intervals of spectral index $\alpha \,$:
$\alpha ={\frac {d\log(\lambda F_{\lambda })}{d\log(\lambda )}}$.
Here $\lambda \,$ is wavelength, and $F_{\lambda }$ is flux density.
The $\alpha \,$ is calculated in the wavelength interval of 2.2–20 ${\mu }m$ (near- and mid-infrared region). Andre et al. (1993) discovered a class 0: objects with strong submillimeter emission, but very faint at ${\lambda }<10{\mu }m$. Greene et al. (1994) added a fifth class of "flat spectrum" sources.
* Class 0 sources – undetectable at ${\lambda }<20{\mu }m$
* Class I sources have ${\alpha }>0.3$
* Flat spectrum sources have $0.3>{\alpha }>-0.3$
* Class II sources have $-0.3>{\alpha }>-1.6$
* Class III sources have ${\alpha }<-1.6$
This classification schema roughly reflects evolutionary sequence. It is believed that most deeply embedded Class 0 sources evolve towards Class I stage, dissipating their circumstellar envelopes. Eventually they become optically visible on the stellar birthline as pre-main-sequence stars.
Class II objects have circumstellar disks and correspond roughly to classical T Tauri stars, while Class III stars have lost their disks and correspond approximately to weak-line T Tauri stars. An intermediate stage where disks can only be detected at longer wavelengths (e.g., at $24{\mu }m$) are known as transition-disk objects.

## Characteristics

YSOs are also associated with early star evolution phenomena: jets and bipolar outflows, disk winds, masers, Herbig–Haro objects, and protoplanetary disks (circumstellar disks or proplyds).

## Classification of YSOs by mass

These stars may be differentiated by mass: Massive YSOs, intermediate-mass YSOs, and brown dwarfs.

## Gallery

* Young stellar jet MHO 2147
# Mullinar

Mullinar is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Liz Mullinar (born 1945), British-Australian casting consultant
* Rod Mullinar (born 1942), Australian actor
# World Association of Sign Language Interpreters

The World Association of Sign Language Interpreters (WASLI) is an international organization aimed at the promotion of the profession of sign language interpretation.
WASLI was established 23 July 2003 during the 14th World Congress of the World Federation of the Deaf in Montreal, Canada. Its office is located in Geneva, Switzerland.
# Žďár nad Orlicí

Žďár nad Orlicí (German: Brand an der Adler) is a municipality and village in Rychnov nad Kněžnou District in the Hradec Králové Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 500 inhabitants.

## Administrative division

Žďár nad Orlicí consists of three municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
* Žďár nad Orlicí (451)
* Chotiv (25)
* Světlá (33)

## History

The first written mention of Žďár nad Orlicí is from 1342.
# 1889 Durham County Council election

The inaugural elections to Durham County Council took place in January 1889. Durham was divided into 72 electoral divisions, with candidates in 32 divisions being returned unopposed. The election saw control of the council being taken by Conservative candidates, although these candidates were largely Independent conservatives as opposed to being party activists.

## Results

Durham County Council election, 1889 :
| Party | Seats |
| Conservative | 28 |
| Liberal | 26 |
| Liberal Unionist | 8 |
| Durham Miners Association | 4 |
| Other parties | 6 |
# Chunkara

Chunkara (Aymara for "pointed mountain", hispanicized spellings Chuncara, Chuncará, Chungara, Chungará) may refer to:
* Chunkara (Arequipa), a mountain in the Arequipa Region, Peru
* Chunkara (Bolivia), a mountain in Bolivia
* Chunkara (Puno), a mountain in the Puno Region, Peru
* Chungará (journal), a Chilean academic journal
* Chungará Lake, a lake in Chile
# Battle of Tashkessen

The Battle of Tashkessen or Battle of Tashkesan (Turkish: Taşkesen Muharebesi) took place during the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878. It was fought between the Ottoman Empire and the Russian Empire on December 31, 1877, in what is now Bulgaria.

## The battle

The Ottoman Army of Shakir Pasha, some 14,000 men, was on retreat from the village of Kamarli towards Sofia and Boyacık. Shakir Pasha's army was threatened by a Russian force that Burnaby claimed had 30,000 men and "30 battalions of the Russian Guard" from its left flank, under the command of General Iosif Gurko, and another one, said to be 22,000 men strong before Kamarli. 2,400–4,000 men, 7 guns and two cavalry squadrons of Shakir Pasha's army had been detached under the command of Valentine Baker, a British-born Ottoman general. Baker Pasha was given orders to hold off the advancing Russian army in order to secure the retreat of Shakir Pasha's remaining troops. Baker Pasha entrenched his forces in the village of Taşkesen (now Sarantsi, Bulgaria). The superior Russian army surrounded the Ottomans, but its troops were scattered over a large territory, could not unite together and were slowed by deep snow, winter storm and difficult mountain terrain, so that only a part of them engaged; having a strong defensive position and with weather in their favour, the Ottomans successfully managed to hold off the advancing Russian forces for ten hours, allowing Shakir Pasha to withdraw, and hastily retreated as soon as the firing died down. At the end of the day the Ottoman forces were facing a Russian force ten times its size and ultimately left their position. Burnaby declared that the skirmish had cost the Russians more than 2,000 men and the Ottomans had lost more than 800 men, although the Russians established that only 562 of their men were killed and wounded in total.
During the night panic broke out in the Ottoman ranks, after rumours spread that the Russians had made a flanking movement. This caused the Ottomans to flee the village, killing the inhabitants. Valentine Baker remarked: "We must burn that village to cover our crimes". One of his officers, Allix, accompanied by some men, advanced on the village that had just been captured by the Russians and Bulgarians. They set fire to some straw stacks, which quickly ignited the houses.
# Étienne Aubry

Étienne Aubry (1746–1781) was a French painter. He was born in Versailles. He studied under J. A. Silvestre and Joseph Vien, and soon became noted for his portraits and genre subjects. Aubry exhibited several works of great merit at the Paris Salon, but died at a young age in 1781, the same year that he exhibited the Parting of Coriolanus from his Wife.

## Works

| Image | Year | English title of work | French title of work | Current location |
| | 1771 | Portrait of Louis-Claude Vassé | Portrait de Louis-Claude Vassé | Versailles, France Palace of Versailles |
| | 1773 | Portrait of Madame Victoire | Portrait de Madame Victoire | Versailles, France Palace of Versailles |
| | 1775 | Portrait of Noël Hallé | Portrait de Noël Hallé | Versailles, France Palace of Versailles |
| | 17?? | Portrait of the actor François René Molé (1734-1807) | Portrait dit de l'acteur François René Molé (1734-1807) | Private collection, Paris, France |
| | 1775 | Paternal Love | L'Amour paternel | Birmingham, England Barber Institute of Fine Arts |
| | 1775 | The Shepherdess of the Alps | La bergère des Alpes | Detroit, Michigan Detroit Institute of Arts |
| Farewell to the Wet Nurse, Oil on canvas, 20 7/16 x 24 3/4 | 1776-1777 ca. | Farewell to the Wet Nurse | Les adieux à la nourrice | Williamstown, Massachusetts Clark Art Institute |
| | 1777 | Portrait of Christoph Willibald von Gluck | Portrait de Christoph Willibald von Gluck | Paris, France The Louvre |
| | 1777 ca. | Portrait of a Gentleman | Portrait d'un gentilhomme | Oxford, England Ashmolean Museum |
| | 1780–81 ca. | Parting of Coriolanus from his Wife | Coriolan quittant sa femme | Mount Holyoke College Art Museum |
| | | The Return from the Cave | Le retour de la cave | Marseille, France Musée des beaux-arts de Marseille |
| | | The Glass of Wine | Le verre de vin | Paris, France The Louvre |
| | | A Girl and Her Cat | Jeune fille et son chat | Private collection |
| | | An Amorous Couple | | Private collection |
# Polyglot persistence

Polyglot persistence is using multiple data storage technologies within a single system, in order to meet varying data storage needs. Such a system may consist of multiple applications, or it may be a single application with smaller components.

## Description

Polyglot persistence shares its origins with how the term polyglot programming is defined. Polyglot programming is a term coined by Neal Ford in 2006, and expresses the idea that computer applications should be written in a mix of different programming languages, in order to take advantage of the fact that different languages are suitable for tackling different problems. Complex applications combine different types of problems, so picking the right language for each job may be more productive than trying to solve all aspects of the problem using a single language. This same concept can be applied to databases, that an application can communicate with different databases, using each for what it is best at to achieve an end goal, hence the term polyglot persistence.
Since there are numerous databases available to solve different problems, using a single database to satisfy all of a program's requirements can result in a non-performant, "jack of all trades, master of none" solution. Relational databases, for example, are good at enforcing relationships that exist between various data tables. To discover a relationship or to find data from different tables that belong to the same object, an SQL join operation can be used. This might work when the data is smaller in size, but becomes problematic when the data involved grows larger. A graph database might solve the problem of relationships in case of Big Data, but it might not solve the problem of database transactions, which may be provided better by relational database management systems. Instead, a NoSQL document database might be used to store unstructured data for that particular part of the problem. Thus different problems are solved by different database systems, all within the same application.
Some of such data storage technologies, but not limited to, could be
* Relational
* NoSQL
* Graph
* In-memory
Martin Fowler writes in one of his articles, "One of the interesting consequences of this is that we are gearing up for a shift to polyglot persistence where any decent sized enterprise will have a variety of different data storage technologies for different kinds of data. There will still be large amounts of it managed in relational stores, but increasingly we'll be first asking how we want to manipulate the data and only then figuring out what technology is the best bet for it."
# Jake Bowey

Jake Bowey (born 12 September 2002) is an Australian rules footballer who plays for the Melbourne Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL).

## Early life

Bowey is the son of former St Kilda player Brett Bowey.
Bowey participated in the Auskick program at the Highett Football Club. He went on to play junior and senior football with the club and under-18 football with the Sandringham in the NAB League.
He was educated at Cheltenham Secondary College.
Bowey was drafted by the Melbourne Football Club with pick 21 in the 2020 AFL draft.

## AFL Career

Bowey made his AFL debut in the Demons' 98-point victory against Gold Coast at Marvel Stadium in round 20, 2021. Bowey held his spot in the best 22, which propelled Melbourne to its first premiership since 1964.
Bowey went on to feature in 17 consecutive wins for Melbourne to start his career, almost breaking the V/AFL record of Collingwood's Albert Lauder, set in the 1920s, when Lauder played in 18 consecutive wins to start his career.

## Statistics

Updated to the end of 2024.
| Season | Team | No. | Games | Totals | Totals | Totals | Totals | Totals | Totals | Totals | Averages (per game) | Averages (per game) | Averages (per game) | Averages (per game) | Averages (per game) | Averages (per game) | Averages (per game) |
| Season | Team | No. | Games | G | B | K | H | D | M | T | G | B | K | H | D | M | T |
| 2021$^#$ | Melbourne | 17 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 61 | 58 | 119 | 23 | 5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 8.7 | 8.3 | 17.0 | 3.3 | 0.7 |
| 2022 | Melbourne | 17 | 17 | 2 | 0 | 173 | 111 | 284 | 69 | 29 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 10.2 | 6.5 | 16.7 | 4.1 | 1.7 |
| 2023 | Melbourne | 17 | 23 | 4 | 1 | 259 | 112 | 371 | 85 | 41 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 11.3 | 4.9 | 16.1 | 3.7 | 1.8 |
| 2024 | Melbourne | 17 | 14 | 0 | 2 | 160 | 64 | 224 | 65 | 20 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 11.4 | 4.6 | 16.0 | 4.6 | 1.4 |
| Career | Career | Career | 61 | 6 | 3 | 653 | 345 | 998 | 242 | 95 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 10.7 | 5.7 | 16.4 | 4.0 | 1.6 |
Notes
* ↑ 2023 statistics include two games in which Bowey was substituted out of the game due to injury (rounds 10 & 12).

## Honours and achievements

Team
* AFL premiership player (Melbourne): 2021
* McClelland Trophy (Melbourne): 2021
Individual
* Harold Ball Memorial Trophy: 2017
* 2× AFL Rising Star nominee: 2021, 2022
# 1889 Nottinghamshire County Council election

Elections to the first Nottinghamshire County Council were held on 15 January 1889. The new council consisted of 68 members; 51 councillors and 17 aldermen. Of the 17 aldermen, 7 were elected from the county council, and 10 from outside the county council.
Amongst those elected was one Labour Electoral Association candidate; William Mellors, who topped the poll in the Byron Division. Five candidates, including Mellors ran in the division, with 2 Conservatives also being elected, whilst three Liberals failed to be elected. Following the vote the Liberal candidates accused Mellors of splitting the vote. Following the election the council was controlled by Conservatives and allied political independents, and their control would continue until 1946.
Following the election Henry Strutt, 2nd Baron Belper was nominated as chairman. Over half of the councils members came from Nottinghamshire's landowning class, although this would decline in later years.
Provisional meetings of the new County Council were held on 24 January and 28 February 1889, with the first full meeting being held on 1 April 1889.
# Sub Rosa (disambiguation)

Sub rosa is a Latin phrase connoting secrecy.
Sub rosa or subrosa may also refer to:

## Arts, media, and entertainment

* Sub Rosa (band), a Brazilian rock band
* Subrosa (band), an American alternative rock band
* SubRosa (metal band), a female led American sludge doom metal band
* Sub Rosa (album), a 2003 album by Eagle-Eye Cherry
* Sub Rosa, a 2007 album by the band Mirabilis
* Sub Rosa (novel), a 2010 novel by Canadian writer Amber Dawn
* Roma Sub Rosa, a series of mystery novels by Steven Saylor set in ancient Rome
* "Sub Rosa" (Star Trek: The Next Generation), an episode of Star Trek: The Next Generation
* Sub Rosa (NCIS), an episode of the television series NCIS
* Sub Rosa, an indie FPS MMO published by Devolver Digital

## Other uses

* Sub Rosa, a summer house on the Lindenshade farm in Wallingford, Pennsylvania
* Sub Rosa (company), an American design studio
* Sub Rosa (label), a Belgian music label
* Sub Rosa (Pocahontas, Mississippi), a historic mansion in Pocahontas, Mississippi
* Sub Rosa, Arkansas, a ghost town
* Sub Rosa, NZIC Association, the New Zealand Intelligence Corps association
* subRosa, a cyberfeminist art collective
# 1880 New South Wales colonial election

The 1880 New South Wales colonial election was held between 17 November and 2 December 1880. This election was for all of the 108 seats in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly and it was conducted in 43 single-member constituencies, 25 2-member constituencies, one 3-member constituency and three 4-member constituencies, all with a first past the post system. Suffrage was limited to adult white males. The previous parliament of New South Wales was dissolved on 9 November 1880 by the Governor, Lord Augustus Loftus, on the advice of the Premier, Sir Henry Parkes.
There was no recognisable party structure at this election; instead the government was determined by a loose, shifting factional system.

## Key dates

| Date | Event |
| 9 November 1880 | The Legislative Assembly was dissolved, and writs were issued by the Governor to proceed with an election. |
| 15 to 25 November 1880 | Nominations for candidates for the election closed. |
| 17 November to 2 December 1880 | Polling days. |
| 15 December 1880 | Opening of new Parliament. |

## Results

New South Wales colonial election, 17 November – 2 December 1880  Legislative Assembly
<< 1877–1882 >> :
| Enrolled voters | Enrolled voters | | | | | |
| Votes cast | Votes cast | 178,807 | | Turnout | 61.94 | +13.63 |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | 2,001 | | Informal | 1.96 | +0.95 |
| Summary of votes by party |||||||
| Party | Party | Primary votes | % | Swing | Seats | Change |
| Total | Total | 178,807 | | | 108 | |