OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Marc-Antoine Parseval

Marc-Antoine Parseval des Chênes (27 April 1755 – 16 August 1836) was a French mathematician, most famous for what is now known as Parseval's theorem, which showed that the Fourier transform is unitary.
He was born in Rosières-aux-Salines, France, into an aristocratic French family, and married Ursule Guerillot in 1795, but divorced her soon after. A monarchist opposed to the French Revolution, imprisoned in 1792, Parseval later fled the country for publishing poetry critical of the government of Napoleon.
Later, he was nominated to the French Academy of Sciences five times, from 1796 to 1828, but was never elected. His only mathematical publications were apparently five papers, published in 1806 as Mémoires présentés à l'Institut des Sciences, Lettres et Arts, par divers savants, et lus dans ses assemblées. Sciences mathématiques et physiques. (Savants étrangers.) This combined the following earlier monographs:
* "Mémoire sur la résolution des équations aux différences partielles linéaires du second ordre," (5 May 1798).
* "Mémoire sur les séries et sur l'intégration complète d'une équation aux différences partielles linéaires du second ordre, à coefficients constants," (5 April 1799).
* "Intégration générale et complète des équations de la propagation du son, l'air étant considéré avec ses trois dimensions," (5 July 1801).
* "Intégration générale et complète de deux équations importantes dans la mécanique des fluides," (16 August 1803).
* "Méthode générale pour sommer, par le moyen des intégrales définies, la suite donnée par le théorème de M. Lagrange, au moyen de laquelle il trouve une valeur qui satisfait à une équation algébrique ou transcendante," (7 May 1804).
It was in the second 1799, memoir in which he stated, but did not prove (claiming it to be self-evident), the theorem that now bears his name. He further expanded it upon his 1801 memoir, and used it to solve various differential equations. The theorem was first printed in 1800 as a part (p. 377) of Traité des différences et des séries by Lacroix.
# 1801 Stamford by-election

The 1801 Stamford by-election was held on 16 February 1801, after the seat was vacated when incumbent Whig MP John Proby was raised to the Peerage as Baron Carysfort. The by-election was won by the Tory candidate Albemarle Bertie, who stood unopposed.
# Tom de Beer

Thomas Louw de Beer (18 May 1935 - 9 October 2022) was a company director in South Africa and the last chairman of the South African secret organization called the Afrikaner Broederbond. After the secrecy was dropped a new organization were founded called the Afrikanerbond. He was the first chairman of the new organization. The Afrikanerbond is today open for any gender and race.

## Roots

De Beer was born on 18 May 1935, to Roelof Adriaan de Beer and Wilhelmina Hendrika Burger. In 1966 he married Emmerentia Aletta Lombard. He obtained a Bcomm degree. He further is a qualified Chartered Accountant, CA (SA), registered at the South African Institute of Chartered Accountants.

## Work life

He started to work in 1954 as an accountant in Boshof, Orange Free State before he joined Federale Mynbou in 1965. In 1978, he was awarded the position of Chief Financial officer at Gencor Limited. In 1986 he became chairman of Genbel South Africa Limited, an investment company.
During his career he was directors of:
* Kumba Resources Limited – listed on the JSE in 2001
* Iscor Limited – which was subsequently taken over by ArcelorMittal Ltd.
* Trans Natal Coal Corporation – an investment company in the Coal Operations category
* Sappi – South African listed company in the wood and paper industry
* MES – de Beer was chairman of this non-profit company which aimed to better the prospects of homeless people in urban areas.

## Afrikaner Broederbond

He became a member in 1963, and was chairman from 1993 to 1994.

## Afrikanerbond

He was chairman from 1994–2000. De Beer was responsible for changing the organization to a non-secret, non-sexist and non-racial organization. He believes that the new organization can play a facilitation role. He felt that Apartheid right wing political parties members (which were not welcome in the old Afrikaner Broederbond) needed to come to terms with reality. De Beer however felt that the Afrikaans language and Christianity, together with cultural norms would remain part of the new organization.

## Recognition

He received the Ellen Kuzwayo Council Award from the University of Johannesburg.
# Shuar language

Shuar (which literally means "people", also known by such (now derogatory) terms as Chiwaro, Jibaro, Jivaro, or Xivaro) is an indigenous language spoken by the Shuar people of Morona Santiago Province and Pastaza Province in the Ecuadorian Amazon basin.

## History

Twelve indigenous languages of Ecuador are spoken today, one of which is Shuar.
The name "Shuar" shared among the people and their language first became known to the Spaniards in the 17th century. The Shuar language, as it stands today, is considered part of the Chicham (or Jivaroan) language family.

## Radio schools

The geographical remoteness within the Ecuadorian rainforest isolates the Shuar and has widely scattered the people from one another. As a result, in the late 1960s, radio schools were formed to promote communication and education in both Spanish and Shuar. This inadvertently transformed into a language revitalization initiative for the Shuar people. Radio schools were shut down in 2001 and replaced with formal bilingual in-class teaching.

## Phonology
### Consonants

| | Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar |
| Nasal | m | n | | ŋ |
| Plosive | p | t | | k |
| Affricate | | t͡s | t͡ʃ | |
| Fricative | | s | ʃ | h |
| Trill | | r | | |
| Semivowel | | | j | w |

### Vowels/Nasals

| | Front | Central | Back |
| Close | i ĩ | ɨ ɨ̃ | u ũ |
| Open | | a ã | |

## Literature

The Constitution of Ecuador has been translated in its entirety into the Shuar language. Its official name in Shuar is Ecuador Nunka Umíktin Umpuarma.

## Sample text

The following text is an official translation of part of Article 2 of the Constitution of Ecuador which stipulates the language policy of the State.
    Akánu 2.- ... Ecuador nunkanmanka apach chicham máshi chicháji; apach chicham, kichwa chicham, nuyá shuar chicham másh chichaktiniaiti anturnaikiatai tusar. Chíkich Tarimiat aents chichamen chichainia nuka núumtak nii nunkénink, chichasartatui, umiktin tana nuna umiak, chicham menkakaink tusa ii nunké arantuk, chichaktinian émtikiattui.
Translation in English: "Article 2.- ... Spanish is Ecuador's official language; Spanish, Kichwa and Shuar are official languages for intercultural ties. The other ancestral languages are in official use by indigenous peoples in the areas where they live and in accordance with the terms set forth by law. The State shall respect and encourage their preservation and use."
# 1914 The Hartlepools by-election

The 1914 The Hartlepools by-election was held on 22 September 1914. The by-election was held due to the death of the incumbent Liberal MP, Sir Stephen Furness. It was won by the 67-year old Liberal candidate Sir Walter Runciman who was unopposed due to a War-time electoral pact.

## Result

1914 The Hartlepools by-election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Walter Runciman | Unopposed | N/A | N/A |
| | Liberal hold | Liberal hold | Liberal hold | Liberal hold | Liberal hold |
# Spotted-thighed tree frog

The spotted-thighed tree frog (Ranoidea cyclorhynchus) is a species of tree frog in the subfamily Pelodryadinae, found in Western Australia.

## Description

The frog is similar in appearance to its cogener, Ranoidea moorei, bearing dark green or brownish patches with bronze or gold highlights on its back; this species can be differentiated by the numerous yellowish spots on the underside of the rear legs. Males may be up to 65 mm, females to 85 mm. The name Copland's rock frog is sometimes mistakenly applied to this species (it is actually Litoria coplandi). The feet are unwebbed and have a prominent disc at the toes.

## Distribution and habitat

It is endemic to Southwest Australia, as one of only four in that diverse genus to be found in the region. It occurs on the southern coastal areas, favouring permanent water and granite outcrops, but can be found at its northernmost extent in agricultural dams. Recorded sightings are also at Middle Island in the Archipelago of the Recherche, and Coragina Rock. Its natural habitats are rivers, swamps, freshwater lakes, and freshwater marshes. It is threatened by habitat loss, although it is considered to be of least concern with regard to extinction.
There are concerns that the spotted-thighed tree frog has recently become established on the Eyre Peninsula of South Australia, and that it might spread further eastward into the Murray-Darling Basin and interbreed with or displace threatened species there.
# Michael Ojo (basketball, born 1989)

Michael Adetokunbo Ojo (born June 28, 1989) is a Nigerian-American professional basketball player. He played college basketball for the Lehigh Mountain Hawks before playing professionally in Europe.

## Professional career

In 2011, Ojo signed with the Plymouth Raiders of the British Basketball League and played there for two seasons. He helped the team make it to the BBL Cup and Trophy finals and in his final season, he averaged 22.5 points per game.
Later, Ojo played for Apollon Limassol (Cyprus), Eco Örebro (Sweden), Apollon Patras (Greece), Sigma Barcellona (Italy) and mmcité Brno (Czech Republic). Also played in Austria for the Klosterneuburg Dukes and the Allianz Swans Gmunden.
On January 3, 2018, Ojo signed for the Worcester Wolves. In 21 games, he averaged 11.9 points and 3.0 assists while shooting 41.7% from the three point line. He helped the club to the BBL Cup Final on January 28, 2018, where he scored a team-high 18 points in the Wolves 88–99 loss to the Cheshire Phoenix.
On January 25, 2019, Ojo signed with Tindastóll of the Icelandic Úrvalsdeild karla. He appeared in 3 games for the team, averaging 11.7 points per game, before being released on 8 February.
On 3 March 2019, Ojo signed with BPC Virtus Cassino of the Italian Serie A2.

## Nigerian national team

In February 2018, Ojo was invited by the senior national team head coach Alexander Nwora to represent Nigeria in the 2019 World Cup qualifications. He made his debut for the senior national team on 24 February 2018, in a game against Rwanda.
# Joe Rees (rugby union, born 1893)

Joseph Rees (3 June 1893 – 12 April 1950) was a Welsh international rugby union full-back who played club rugby for Swansea. Rees made his debut for Swansea in 1919 and captained his club in the 1922/23 season. Rees would play 12 times for Wales, and captained them on one occasion. His brother, William "Billo" Rees, was a rugby league footballer who played for Wales and the Great Britain team, and toured Australia.

## International rugby career

In 1920 Rees was selected to play against England at St Helens. It was a ground-breaking game that saw Newport's Jerry Shea score 16 points and become the first person to achieve an international rugby 'Full House', of all four scoring types. Rees played all four games in the 1920 Five Nations Championship in which Wales won the competition. After playing three games in the 1921 tournament Rees was selected for the opening game in 1922 against England. During this game Rees scored his first points in a Welsh shirt when he converted two tries; though as Wales scored eight tries the return could have been better. Rees managed a penalty goal against France in 1923, which was the last score he would achieve for Wales . The next year, in his last game for Wales against England, Rees was given the captaincy of Wales. Wales lost the game 17–9.

### International matches played

Wales
* England 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924
* France 1920, 1923
* Ireland 1920, 1921, 1923
* Scotland 1920, 1921
# Portfolio Analysis

Portfolio Analysis: Advanced topics in performance measurement, risk and attribution (Risk Books, 2006. ISBN 1-904339-82-4) is an industry text written by a comprehensive selection of industry experts and edited by Timothy P. Ryan. It includes chapters from practitioners and industry authors who investigate topics under the wide umbrella of performance measurement, attribution and risk management, drawing on their own experience of the fields.
The book also boasts a first in its area in that it brings together previously separated topics and practitioners or ex-post performance measurement and ex-ante performance risk measurement. It is also the first book to explain the role of the Transition Manager.
The book includes coverage and discussion of performance measurement, performance evaluation, portfolio risk, performance attribution, Value-at-Risk (VaR), managing tracking error and GIPS verification.
It is also said to cover the following developing areas of the marketplace:
* Alternative assets
* Hedge funds
* Commodity futures
* Life-cycle funds
* Book income-orientated investments
* Transition management

## Full Alphabetical List of Contributors

To see a list of the chapters contributed by the following co-authors and an Editor Biography, see the Risk Books product page.
* Carl Bacon
* Curt Burmeister
* James G. Cashman
* Dr Andrew Colin
* Dan diBartolomeo
* Bruce J. Feibel
* Barry Feldman
* Andrew Scott Bay Frongello
* Philip H. Galdi
* Mark A. Keleher
* Robert Kuberek
* Peter Matheos
* Helmut Mausser
* Krishna Prasad
* Ronald J. Surz
* Hilary Till
* Karyn D. Vincent
* Susan E. Woodward
* Laurence Wormald
# Chandrasekharan Nair Stadium

Chandrasekharan Nair Stadium, also known as CSN Police Stadium, is a multi-purpose stadium mostly used for football matches, situated in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India. The stadium was named in honor of the first inspector general of the Kerala Police N. Chandrasekharan Nair in 1956. The stadium was renovated for 35th National Games.
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 1893

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1893 was unanimously adopted on 29 October 2009.

## Resolution

Noting with concern continuing human rights violations against civilians in Côte d'Ivoire, including numerous acts of sexual violence, the Security Council this morning renewed for another year its arms embargo and diamond trade ban in Côte d'Ivoire, as well as targeted sanctions restricting the travel of individuals that threatened the peace process in the West African country.
By the unanimous adoption of resolution 1893 (2009), the Council said it would review those measures, which were due to expire on 31 October, in the light of progress made in the holding of free and fair presidential elections and of other progress achieved in implementing key steps of the Ouagadougou Agreement, which ended the conflict that had divided Côte d'Ivoire between a rebel-held north and Government-controlled south since 2002.
The Council demanded that all Ivorian parties provide unhindered access to the Group of Experts established to monitor the sanctions, and extended the mandate of that Group for another year and requested that Group to include in its reports information on persons who deny it access to weapons, ammunition and related materiel.
The Council reiterated that any threat to the electoral process or any serious obstacle to the freedom of movement of United Nations Operation in Côte d'Ivoire (UNOCI) or the French forces which support it as well as any obstruction to the Secretary-General’s Special Representative or the Facilitator would constitute a threat to the peace and national reconciliation process.
The Council stressed that it was ready to impose targeted measures against persons who are determined to be a threat to the national reconciliation process in Côte d'Ivoire, as well as those threatening human rights there.
# Central District (Jarqavieh County)

The Central District of Jarqavieh County (Persian: بخش مرکزی شهرستان جرقویه) is in Isfahan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Nikabad.

## History

In 2021, Jarqavieh Olya and Jarqavieh Sofla Districts were separated from Isfahan County in the establishment of Jarqavieh County, which was divided into two districts of two rural districts each, with Nikabad as its capital.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the district's population (as a Jarqavieh Sofla District of Isfahan County) was 20,970 in 5,473 households. The following census in 2011 counted 22,003 people in 6,373 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the district as 22,891 in 7,079 households.

### Administrative divisions

Central District (Jarqavieh County) Population :
| Administrative Divisions | 2006 | 2011 | 2016 |
| Jarqavieh Sofla RD | 460 | 523 | 593 |
| Jarqavieh Vosta RD | 6,204 | 6,452 | 6,477 |
| Mohammadabad (city) | 4,391 | 4,549 | 5,032 |
| Nasrabad (city) | 5,751 | 6,176 | 6,425 |
| Nikabad (city) | 4,164 | 4,303 | 4,364 |
| Total | 20,970 | 22,003 | 22,891 |
| RD: Rural District ||||
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 1447

United Nations Security Council resolution 1447, adopted unanimously on 4 December 2002, after recalling all previous resolutions on Iraq, including resolutions 986 (1995), 1284 (1999), 1352 (2001), 1360 (2001), 1382 (2001) and 1409 (2002) concerning the Oil-for-Food Programme, the council, acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, extended provisions relating to the export of Iraqi petroleum or petroleum products in return for humanitarian aid for an additional 180 days.
The Security Council was convinced of the need for a temporary measure to provide humanitarian assistance to the Iraqi people until the Iraqi government fulfilled the provisions of Resolution 687 (1991) and 1284, and had distributed aid throughout the country equally. It reaffirmed the commitment of all states to Iraq's sovereignty and territorial integrity and its determination to improve the humanitarian situation.
Acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, the Oil-for-Food Programme, in its thirteenth stage, was extended for a further 180 days beginning at 00:01 EST on 5 December 2002. Adjustments to the Goods Review List would be considered and decided upon within 30 days of the adoption of the current resolution. The Secretary-General Kofi Annan was requested to report by the end of 180 days on whether the Iraqi government had distributed aid equally, and an assessment of the implementation of the Goods Review List.
The United States had withdrawn a draft resolution requesting an additional 14-day extension of the programme while further discussions could take place regarding changes to the Goods List.
# Young, Gifted and Yellow

Young, Gifted and Yellow is a compilation album by Yellowman, released originally in the United Kingdom on 22 April 2013, and subsequently in other European countries in the following days by VP Records. It features rarities, outtakes and live performances from the period 1970–84, including songs with Fathead and Sister Nancy. It contains "Zunga Zeng", which is commonly known as the most popular song by Yellowman.
The album was released individually in numerous European countries, including a bonus DVD of a live-performance of Yellowman at the Reggae Sunsplash in 1988.

## Content

The album includes material from Yellowman from his albums Mister Yellowman, Nobody Move, and more. Spanning two discs, 40 songs all-together from his prime years, the production company remastered the tracks before release.

## Track listing
### CD 1

All lyrics are written by Winston Foster

### CD 2

All lyrics are written by Winston Foster
# Washington Terminal Company

The Washington Terminal Company (reporting mark WATC) is a corporation created in Washington, D.C., United States, to provide support to railroads using Washington's Union Station. It is now a nearly wholly owned subsidiary of Amtrak.
It was established in 1901 by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad and the Pennsylvania Railroad-controlled Philadelphia, Baltimore and Washington Railroad.
The Washington Terminal Company owned and operated Union Station (opened in 1907) and about 5 miles (8.0 km) of track in the Washington area, providing switching services for passenger trains using the station or passing through the area:
* Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B&O)
* Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR)
* Chesapeake and Ohio Railway (C&O)
* Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad (RF&P)
* Southern Railway (SOU)
* Atlantic Coast Line Railroad (ACL)
* Seaboard Air Line Railroad (SAL)

## History

In 1914, the company was the defendant in a landmark Supreme Court of the United States case, Richards v. Washington Terminal Company.
In 1981, Amtrak took over the terminal company's operations. It currently owns a 99.7% interest in WTC, with the balance held by Amtrak employees. All of WTC's officers are Amtrak employees, as are most of its directors. Through WTC, Amtrak presently shares ownership of Union Station with the United States Department of Transportation. While the DOT owns the station building itself and the surrounding parking lots, WTC owns the platforms and tracks.
Despite being nearly wholly owned by Amtrak, the Washington Terminal Company is legally a separate entity, and unlike Amtrak, it is not exempt from the Interstate Commerce Act. This allowed Virginia Railway Express to threaten a filing to the Surface Transportation Board to enforce its right to access when Amtrak tried to oust VRE from Union Station after VRE said they would not automatically re-hire Amtrak as its operating contractor. Faced with this action, Amtrak backed down.

## Locomotive roster

| Model | Road number |
| ALCO RS-1 | 40 |
| ALCO RS-1 | 41-43 |
| ALCO RS-1 | 44, 45 |
| ALCO RS-1 | 46-49 |
| ALCO RS-1 | 50-54 |
| ALCO RS-1 | 55 |
| ALCO RS-1 | 56-59 |
| ALCO RS-1 | 60-61 |
| ALCO RS-1 | 63,64 |
| FAUR LDH125 | 78 |
| EMD GP7 | 80,81 |
| EMD SW1 | 738 |
| EMD SW1200m | 794 |
One of the rare locomotives used by the WATC in the past was a FAUR road switcher made in the Socialist Republic of Romania in 1974. This example was made with the specific purpose of testing it on the American railroad network, at a time when diplomatic relations between the Eastern Bloc country and the United States were at an all-time high. The unit, originally numbered LDH125-107 and nicknamed "Quarterhorse" was tested across the country, but was turned down due to the lack of interest in diesel-hydraulic traction. The locomotive was then purchased by the WATC and operated into the late 1980s, until it was scrapped.
# Viljo Punkari

Viljo Punkari (3 October 1934 – 15 November 1964) was a Finnish wrestler. He competed at the 1956 Summer Olympics and the 1960 Summer Olympics.