# WHO Model List of Essential Medicines

The WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (aka Essential Medicines List or EML), published by the World Health Organization (WHO), contains the medications considered to be most effective and safe to meet the most important needs in a health system. The list is frequently used by countries to help develop their own local lists of essential medicines. As of 2016, more than 155 countries have created national lists of essential medicines based on the World Health Organization's model list. This includes both developed and developing countries.
The list is divided into core items and complementary items. The core items are deemed to be the most cost-effective options for key health problems and are usable with little additional health care resources. The complementary items either require additional infrastructure such as specially trained health care providers or diagnostic equipment or have a lower cost–benefit ratio. About 25% of items are in the complementary list. Some medications are listed as both core and complementary. While most medications on the list are available as generic products, being under patent does not preclude inclusion.
The first list was published in 1977 and included 208 medications. The WHO updates the list every two years. There are 306 medications in the 14th list in 2005, 410 in the 19th list in 2015, 433 in the 20th list in 2017, 460 in the 21st list in 2019, and 479 in the 22nd list in 2021. Various national lists contain between 334 and 580 medications. The Essential Medicines List (EML) was updated in July 2023 to its 23rd edition. This list contains 1200 recommendations for 591 drugs and 103 therapeutic equivalents.
A separate list for children up to 12 years of age, known as the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children (EMLc), was created in 2007 and is in its 9th edition. It was created to make sure that the needs of children were systematically considered such as availability of proper formulations. Everything in the children's list is also included in the main list. The list and notes are based on the 19th to 23rd edition of the main list. Therapeutic alternatives with similar clinical performance are listed for some medicines and they may be considered for national essential medicines lists. The 9th Essential Medicines List for Children was updated in July 2023.
Note: An α indicates a medicine is on the complementary list.

## Anaesthetics, preoperative medicines and medical gases
### General anaesthetics and oxygen
#### Inhalational medicines

* Halothane
* Isoflurane
* Nitrous oxide
* Oxygen
* Sevoflurane

#### Injectable medicines

* Ketamine
* Propofol
* Thiopental

### Local anaesthetics

* Bupivacaine
* Lidocaine
* Lidocaine/epinephrine (lidocaine + epinephrine)
Complementary:
* Ephedrine

### Preoperative medication and sedation for short-term procedures

* Atropine
* Midazolam
* Morphine

### Medical gases

* Oxygen

## Medicines for pain and palliative care
### Non-opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIMs)

* Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)
* Ibuprofen
* Paracetamol (acetaminophen)

### Opioid analgesics

* Codeine
* Fentanyl
* Morphine
Complementary:
* Methadone

### Medicines for other common symptoms in palliative care

* Amitriptyline
* Cyclizine
* Dexamethasone
* Diazepam
* Docusate sodium
* Fluoxetine
* Haloperidol
* Hyoscine butylbromide
* Hyoscine hydrobromide
* Lactulose
* Loperamide
* Metoclopramide
* Midazolam
* Ondansetron
* Senna

## Antiallergics and medicines used in anaphylaxis

* Dexamethasone
* Epinephrine (adrenaline)
* Hydrocortisone
* Loratadine
* Prednisolone

## Antidotes and other substances used in poisonings
### Non-specific

* Charcoal, activated

### Specific

* Acetylcysteine
* Atropine
* Calcium gluconate
* Methylthioninium chloride (methylene blue)
* Naloxone
* Penicillamine
* Prussian blue
* Sodium nitrite
* Sodium thiosulfate
Complementary:
* Deferoxamine
* Dimercaprol
* Fomepizole
* Sodium calcium edetate
* Succimer

## Medicines for diseases of the nervous system
### Antiseizure medicines

* Carbamazepine
* Diazepam
* Lamotrigine
* Levetiracetam
* Lorazepam
* Magnesium sulfate
* Midazolam
* Phenobarbital
* Phenytoin
* Valproic acid (sodium valproate)
Complementary:
* Ethosuximide
* Levetiracetam
* Valproic acid (sodium valproate)

### Medicines for multiple sclerosis

Complementary:
* Cladribine
* Glatiramer acetate
* Rituximab

### Medicines for parkinsonism

* Biperiden
* Levodopa/carbidopa (levodopa + carbidopa)

## Anti-infective medicines
### Anthelminthics
#### Intestinal anthelminthics

* Albendazole
* Ivermectin
* Levamisole
* Mebendazole
* Niclosamide
* Praziquantel
* Pyrantel

#### Antifilarials

* Albendazole
* Diethylcarbamazine
* Ivermectin

#### Antischistosomals and other antinematode medicines

* Praziquantel
* Triclabendazole
Complementary:
* Oxamniquine

#### Cysticidal medicines

Complementary:
* Albendazole
* Mebendazole
* Praziquantel

### Antibacterials
#### Access group antibiotics

* Amikacin
* Amoxicillin
* Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (amoxicillin + clavulanic acid)
* Ampicillin
* Benzathine benzylpenicillin
* Benzylpenicillin
* Cefalexin
* Cefazolin
* Chloramphenicol
* Clindamycin
* Cloxacillin
* Doxycycline
* Gentamicin
* Metronidazole
* Nitrofurantoin
* Phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin V)
* Procaine benzylpenicillin
* Spectinomycin
* Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim)
* Trimethoprim

#### Watch group antibiotics

* Azithromycin
* Cefixime
* Cefotaxime
* Ceftriaxone
* Cefuroxime
* Ciprofloxacin
* Clarithromycin
* Piperacillin/tazobactam (piperacillin + tazobactam)
* Vancomycin
Complementary:
* Ceftazidime
* Meropenem
* Vancomycin

#### Reserve group antibiotics

Reserve antibiotics are last-resort antibiotics. The EML antibiotic book was published in 2022.
Complementary:
* Cefiderocol
* Ceftazidime/avibactam (ceftazidime + avibactam)
* Ceftolozane/tazobactam (ceftolozane + tazobactam)
* Colistin
* Fosfomycin
* Linezolid
* Meropenem/vaborbactam (meropenem + vaborbactam)
* Plazomicin
* Polymyxin B

#### Antileprosy medicines

* Clofazimine
* Dapsone
* Rifampicin

#### Antituberculosis medicines

* Ethambutol
* Ethambutol/isoniazid/pyrazinamide/rifampicin (ethambutol + isoniazid + pyrazinamide + rifampicin)
* Ethambutol/isoniazid/rifampicin (ethambutol + isoniazid + rifampicin)
* Ethionamide
* Isoniazid
* Isoniazid/pyrazinamide/rifampicin (isoniazid + pyrazinamide + rifampicin)
* Isoniazid/rifampicin (isoniazid + rifampicin)
* Isoniazid/rifapentine (isoniazid + rifapentine)
* Moxifloxacin
* Pyrazinamide
* Rifabutin
* Rifampicin
* Rifapentine
Complementary:
* Amikacin
* Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (amoxicillin + clavulanic acid)
* Bedaquiline
* Clofazimine
* Cycloserine
* Delamanid
* Ethionamide
* Levofloxacin
* Linezolid
* Meropenem
* Moxifloxacin
* P-aminosalicylic acid (p-aminosalicylate sodium)
* Pretomanid
* Streptomycin

### Antifungal medicines

* Amphotericin B
* Clotrimazole
* Fluconazole
* Flucytosine
* Griseofulvin
* Itraconazole
* Nystatin
* Voriconazole
Complementary:
* Micafungin
* Potassium iodide

### Antiviral medicines
#### Antiherpes medicines

* Aciclovir

#### Antiretrovirals
##### Nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors

* Abacavir
* Lamivudine
* Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
* Zidovudine

##### Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

* Efavirenz
* Nevirapine

##### Protease inhibitors

* Atazanavir/ritonavir (atazanavir + ritonavir)
* Darunavir
* Lopinavir/ritonavir (lopinavir + ritonavir)
* Ritonavir

##### Integrase inhibitors

* Dolutegravir
* Raltegravir

##### Fixed-dose combinations of antiretroviral medicines

* Abacavir/lamivudine (abacavir + lamivudine)
* Dolutegravir/lamivudine/tenofovir (dolutegravir + lamivudine + tenofovir)
* Efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir
* Efavirenz/lamivudine/tenofovir (efavirenz + lamivudine + tenofovir)
* Emtricitabine/tenofovir (emtricitabine + tenofovir)
* Lamivudine/zidovudine (lamivudine + zidovudine)

##### Medicines for prevention of HIV-related opportunistic infections

* Isoniazid/pyridoxine/sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (isoniazid + pyridoxine + sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim)

##### Other antivirals

* Ribavirin
* Valganciclovir
Complementary:
* Oseltamivir
* Valganciclovir

#### Antihepatitis medicines
##### Medicines for hepatitis B
###### Nucleoside/Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors

* Entecavir
* Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate

##### Medicines for hepatitis C
###### Pangenotypic direct-acting antiviral combinations

* Daclatasvir
* Daclatasvir/sofosbuvir (daclatasvir + sofosbuvir)
* Glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (glecaprevir + pibrentasvir)
* Ravidasvir
* Sofosbuvir
* Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir (sofosbuvir + velpatasvir)

###### Non-pangenotypic direct-acting antiviral combinations

* Ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (ledipasvir + sofosbuvir)

###### Other antivirals for hepatitis C

* Ribavirin

### Antiprotozoal medicines
#### Antiamoebic and antigiardiasis medicines

* Diloxanide
* Metronidazole

#### Antileishmaniasis medicines

* Amphotericin B
* Meglumine antimoniate
* Miltefosine
* Paromomycin
* Sodium stibogluconate

#### Antimalarial medicines
##### For curative treatment

* Amodiaquine
* Artemether
* Artemether/lumefantrine (artemether + lumefantrine)
* Artesunate
* Artesunate/amodiaquine (artesunate + amodiaquine)
* Artesunate/mefloquine (artesunate + mefloquine)
* Artesunate/pyronaridine tetraphosphate (artesunate + pyronaridine tetraphosphate)
* Chloroquine
* Dihydroartemisinin/piperaquine phosphate (dihydroartemisinin + piperaquine phosphate)
* Doxycycline
* Mefloquine
* Primaquine
* Quinine
* Sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine (sulfadoxine + pyrimethamine)

##### For chemoprevention

* Amodiaquine + sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine (Co-packaged)
* Chloroquine
* Doxycycline
* Mefloquine
* Proguanil
* Sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine (sulfadoxine + pyrimethamine)

#### Antipneumocystosis and antitoxoplasmosis medicines

* Pyrimethamine
* Sulfadiazine
* Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim)
Complementary:
* Pentamidine

#### Antitrypanosomal medicines
##### African trypanosomiasis

* Fexinidazole

###### Medicines for the treatment of 1st stage African trypanosomiasis

* Pentamidine
* Suramin sodium

###### Medicines for the treatment of 2nd stage African trypanosomiasis

* Eflornithine
* Melarsoprol
* Nifurtimox
Complementary:
* Melarsoprol

##### American trypanosomiasis

* Benznidazole
* Nifurtimox

### Medicines for ectoparasitic infections

* Ivermectin

### Medicines for Ebola virus disease

* Ansuvimab
* Atoltivimab/maftivimab/odesivimab (atoltivimab + maftivimab + odesivimab)

### Medicines for COVID-19

No listings in this section.

## Antimigraine medicines
### For treatment of acute attack

* Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)
* Ibuprofen
* Paracetamol (acetaminophen)
* Sumatriptan

### For prophylaxis

* Propranolol

## Immunomodulators and antineoplastics
### Immunomodulators for non-malignant disease

Complementary:
* Adalimumab
* Azathioprine
* Ciclosporin
* Tacrolimus

### Antineoplastics and supportive medicines
#### Cytotoxic medicines

Complementary:
* Arsenic trioxide
* Asparaginase
* Bendamustine
* Bleomycin
* Calcium folinate (leucovorin calcium)
* Capecitabine
* Carboplatin
* Chlorambucil
* Cisplatin
* Cyclophosphamide
* Cytarabine
* Dacarbazine
* Dactinomycin
* Daunorubicin
* Docetaxel
* Doxorubicin
* Doxorubicin (as pegylated liposomal)
* Etoposide
* Fludarabine
* Fluorouracil
* Gemcitabine
* Hydroxycarbamide (hydroxyurea)
* Ifosfamide
* Irinotecan
* Melphalan
* Mercaptopurine
* Methotrexate
* Oxaliplatin
* Paclitaxel
* Pegaspargase
* Procarbazine
* Realgar Indigo naturalis formulation
* Tioguanine
* Vinblastine
* Vincristine
* Vinorelbine

#### Targeted therapies

Complementary:
* All-trans retinoic acid (tretinoin) (ATRA)
* Bortezomib
* Dasatinib
* Erlotinib
* Everolimus
* Ibrutinib
* Imatinib
* Nilotinib
* Rituximab
* Trastuzumab

#### Immunomodulators

Complementary:
* Filgrastim
* Lenalidomide
* Nivolumab
* Pegfilgrastim
* Thalidomide

#### Hormones and antihormones

Complementary:
* Abiraterone
* Anastrozole
* Bicalutamide
* Dexamethasone
* Hydrocortisone
* Leuprorelin
* Methylprednisolone
* Prednisolone
* Tamoxifen

#### Supportive medicines

Complementary:
* Allopurinol
* Mesna
* Rasburicase
* Zoledronic acid

## Therapeutic foods

* Ready-to-use therapeutic food

## Medicines affecting the blood
### Antianaemia medicines

* Ferrous salt
* Ferrous salt/folic acid (ferrous salt + folic acid)
* Folic acid
* Hydroxocobalamin
Complementary:
* Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents

### Medicines affecting coagulation

* Dabigatran
* Enoxaparin
* Heparin sodium
* Phytomenadione
* Protamine sulfate
* Tranexamic acid
* Warfarin
Complementary:
* Desmopressin
* Heparin sodium
* Protamine sulfate
* Warfarin

### Other medicines for haemoglobinopathies

* Deferasirox
Complementary:
* Deferoxamine
* Hydroxycarbamide (hydroxyurea)

## Blood products of human origin and plasma substitutes
### Blood and blood components

* Cryoprecipitate, pathogen-reduced
* Fresh frozen plasma
* Platelets
* Red blood cells
* Whole blood

### Plasma-derived medicines
#### Human immunoglobulins

* Rho(D) immune globulin (anti-D immunoglobulin)
* Anti-rabies immunoglobulin
* Anti-tetanus immunoglobulin
Complementary:
* Normal immunoglobulin

#### Blood coagulation factors

Complementary:
* Coagulation factor VIII
* Coagulation factor IX

### Plasma substitutes

* Dextran 70

## Cardiovascular medicines
### Antianginal medicines

* Bisoprolol
* Glyceryl trinitrate
* Isosorbide dinitrate
* Verapamil

### Antiarrhythmic medicines

* Bisoprolol
* Digoxin
* Epinephrine (adrenaline)
* Lidocaine
* Verapamil
Complementary:
* Amiodarone

### Antihypertensive medicines

* Amlodipine
* Bisoprolol
* Enalapril
* Hydralazine
* Hydrochlorothiazide
* Lisinopril/amlodipine (lisinopril + amlodipine)
* Lisinopril/hydrochlorothiazide (lisinopril + hydrochlorothiazide)
* Losartan
* Methyldopa
* Telmisartan/amlodipine (telmisartan + amlodipine)
* Telmisartan/hydrochlorothiazide (telmisartan + hydrochlorothiazide)
Complementary:
* Sodium nitroprusside

### Medicines used in heart failure

* Bisoprolol
* Digoxin
* Enalapril
* Furosemide
* Hydrochlorothiazide
* Losartan
* Spironolactone
Complementary:
* Digoxin
* Dopamine

### Antithrombotic medicines
#### Anti-platelet medicines

* Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)
* Clopidogrel

#### Thrombolytic medicines

Complementary:
* Alteplase
* Streptokinase

### Lipid-lowering agents

* Simvastatin

### Fixed-dose combinations for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

* Acetylsalicylic acid/atorvastatin/ramipril (acetylsalicylic acid + atorvastatin + ramipril)
* Acetylsalicylic acid/simvastatin/ramipril/atenolol/hydrochlorothiazide (acetylsalicylic acid + simvastatin + ramipril + atenolol + hydrochlorothiazide)
* Atorvastatin/perindopril/amlodipine (atorvastatin + perindopril + amlodipine)

## Dermatological medicines (topical)
### Antifungal medicines

* Miconazole
* Selenium sulfide
* Sodium thiosulfate
* Terbinafine

### Anti-infective medicines

* Mupirocin
* Potassium permanganate
* Silver sulfadiazine

### Anti-inflammatory and antipruritic medicines

* Betamethasone
* Calamine
* Hydrocortisone

### Medicines affecting skin differentiation and proliferation

* Benzoyl peroxide
* Calcipotriol
* Coal tar
* Fluorouracil
* Podophyllum resin
* Salicylic acid
* Urea
Complementary:
* Methotrexate

### Scabicides and pediculicides

* Benzyl benzoate
* Permethrin

## Diagnostic agents
### Ophthalmic medicines

* Fluorescein
* Tropicamide

### Radiocontrast media

* Amidotrizoate
* Barium sulfate
* Iohexol
Complementary:
* Barium sulfate
* Meglumine iotroxate

## Antiseptics and disinfectants
### Antiseptics

* Chlorhexidine
* Ethanol
* Povidone iodine

### Disinfectants

* Alcohol based hand rub
* Chlorine base compound
* Chloroxylenol
* Glutaral

## Diuretics

* Amiloride
* Furosemide
* Hydrochlorothiazide
* Mannitol
* Spironolactone
Complementary:
* Hydrochlorothiazide
* Mannitol
* Spironolactone

## Gastrointestinal medicines

Complementary:
* Pancreatic enzymes

### Antiulcer medicines

* Omeprazole
* Ranitidine

### Antiemetic medicines

* Dexamethasone
* Metoclopramide
* Ondansetron
Complementary:
* Aprepitant

### Anti-inflammatory medicines

* Sulfasalazine
Complementary:
* Hydrocortisone
* Prednisolone

### Laxatives

* Senna

### Medicines used in diarrhoea

* Oral rehydration salts + zinc sulfate (Co-packaged)

#### Oral rehydration

* Oral rehydration salts

#### Medicines for diarrhoea

* Zinc sulfate

## Medicines for endocrine disorders
### Adrenal hormones and synthetic substitutes

* Fludrocortisone
* Hydrocortisone

### Androgens

Complementary:
* Testosterone

### Estrogens

No listings in this section.

### Progestogens

* Medroxyprogesterone acetate

### Medicines for diabetes
#### Insulins

* Insulin injection (soluble)
* Intermediate-acting insulin
* Long-acting insulin analogues

#### Oral hypoglycaemic agents

* Empagliflozin
* Gliclazide
* Metformin
Complementary:
* Metformin

### Medicines for hypoglycaemia

* Glucagon
Complementary:
* Diazoxide

### Thyroid hormones and antithyroid medicines

* Levothyroxine
* Potassium iodide
* Methimazole
* Propylthiouracil
Complementary:
* Lugol's solution
* Methimazole
* Potassium iodide
* Propylthiouracil

### Medicines for disorders of the pituitary hormone system

* Cabergoline
Complementary:
* Octreotide

## Immunologicals
### Diagnostic agents

* Tuberculin, purified protein derivative (PPD)

### Sera, immunoglobulins and monoclonal antibodies

* Anti-rabies virus monoclonal antibodies
* Antivenom immunoglobulin
* Diphtheria antitoxin
* Equine rabies immunoglobulin

### Vaccines

Recommendations for all
* BCG vaccine
* Diphtheria vaccine
* Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine
* Hepatitis B vaccine
* Human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine
* Measles vaccine
* Pertussis vaccine
* Pneumococcal vaccine
* Poliomyelitis vaccine
* Rotavirus vaccine
* Rubella vaccine
* Tetanus vaccine
Recommendations for certain regions
* Japanese encephalitis vaccine
* Tick-borne encephalitis vaccine
* Yellow fever vaccine
Recommendations for some high-risk populations
* Cholera vaccine
* Dengue vaccine
* Hepatitis A vaccine
* Meningococcal meningitis vaccine
* Rabies vaccine
* Typhoid vaccine
Recommendations for immunization programmes with certain characteristics
* Influenza vaccine (seasonal)
* Mumps vaccine
* Varicella vaccine

## Muscle relaxants (peripherally-acting) and cholinesterase inhibitors

* Atracurium
* Neostigmine
* Suxamethonium
* Vecuronium
Complementary:
* Pyridostigmine
* Vecuronium

## Ophthalmological preparations
### Anti-infective agents

* Aciclovir
* Azithromycin
* Erythromycin
* Gentamicin
* Natamycin
* Ofloxacin
* Tetracycline

### Anti-inflammatory agents

* Prednisolone

### Local anesthetics

* Tetracaine

### Miotics and antiglaucoma medicines

* Acetazolamide
* Latanoprost
* Pilocarpine
* Timolol

### Mydriatics

* Atropine
Complementary:
* Epinephrine (adrenaline)

### Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) preparations

Complementary:
* Bevacizumab

## Medicines for reproductive health and perinatal care
### Contraceptives
#### Oral hormonal contraceptives

* Ethinylestradiol/levonorgestrel (ethinylestradiol + levonorgestrel)
* Ethinylestradiol/norethisterone (ethinylestradiol + norethisterone)
* Levonorgestrel
* Ulipristal

#### Injectable hormonal contraceptives

* Estradiol cypionate/medroxyprogesterone acetate (estradiol cypionate + medroxyprogesterone acetate)
* Medroxyprogesterone acetate
* Norethisterone enantate

#### Intrauterine devices

* Copper-containing device
* Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system

#### Barrier methods

* Condoms
* Diaphragms

#### Implantable contraceptives

* Etonogestrel-releasing implant
* Levonorgestrel-releasing implant

#### Intravaginal contraceptives

* Ethinylestradiol/etonogestrel (ethinylestradiol + etonogestrel)
* Progesterone vaginal ring

### Ovulation inducers

Complementary:
* Clomifene
* Letrozole

### Uterotonics

* Carbetocin
* Ergometrine
* Mifepristone + misoprostol (Co-packaged)
* Misoprostol
* Oxytocin

### Antioxytocics (tocolytics)

* Nifedipine

### Other medicines administered to the mother

* Dexamethasone
* Multiple micronutrient supplement
* Tranexamic acid

### Medicines administered to the neonate

* Caffeine citrate
* Chlorhexidine
Complementary:
* Ibuprofen
* Prostaglandin E1
* Surfactant

## Peritoneal dialysis solution

Complementary:
* Intraperitoneal dialysis solution (of appropriate composition)

## Medicines for mental and behavioural disorders
### Medicines used in psychotic disorders

* Fluphenazine
* Haloperidol
* Olanzapine
* Paliperidone
* Risperidone
Complementary:
* Clozapine

### Medicines used in mood disorders
#### Medicines used in depressive disorders

* Amitriptyline
* Fluoxetine

#### Medicines used in bipolar disorders

* Carbamazepine
* Lithium carbonate
* Quetiapine
* Valproic acid (sodium valproate)

### Medicines for anxiety disorders

* Diazepam
* Fluoxetine

### Medicines used for obsessive compulsive disorders

* Clomipramine
* Fluoxetine

### Medicines for disorders due to psychoactive substance use
#### Medicines for alcohol use disorders

* Acamprosate calcium
* Naltrexone

#### Medicines for nicotine use disorders

* Bupropion
* Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT)
* Varenicline
Complementary:
* Methadone

## Medicines acting on the respiratory tract
### Antiasthmatic medicines and medicines for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

* Budesonide
* Budesonide/formoterol (budesonide + formoterol)
* Epinephrine (adrenaline)
* Ipratropium bromide
* Salbutamol
* Tiotropium

## Solutions correcting water, electrolyte and acid-base disturbances
### Oral

* Oral rehydration salts
* Potassium chloride

### Parenteral

* Glucose
* Glucose with sodium chloride
* Potassium chloride
* Sodium chloride
* Sodium hydrogen carbonate
* Sodium lactate, compound solution (Ringer's lactate solution)

### Miscellaneous

* Water for injection

## Vitamins and minerals

* Ascorbic acid
* Calcium
* Colecalciferol
* Ergocalciferol
* Iodine
* Multiple micronutrient powder
* Nicotinamide
* Pyridoxine
* Retinol
* Riboflavin
* Thiamine
Complementary:
* Calcium gluconate

## Ear, nose and throat medicines

* Acetic acid
* Budesonide
* Ciprofloxacin
* Xylometazoline

## Medicines for diseases of joints
### Medicines used to treat gout

* Allopurinol

### Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs)

* Chloroquine
Complementary:
* Azathioprine
* Hydroxychloroquine
* Methotrexate
* Penicillamine
* Sulfasalazine

### Medicines for juvenile joint diseases

Complementary:
* Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)
* Adalimumab
* Methotrexate
* Triamcinolone hexacetonide

## Dental medicines and preparations

* Fluoride
* Glass ionomer cement
* Resin-based composite (low-viscosity)
* Resin-based composite (high-viscosity)
* Silver diamine fluoride