OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Restoration and Extension of South African Citizenship Act, 1993

The Restoration and Extension of South African Citizenship Act (Act No. 196 of 1993) was a naturalisation law passed at the end of the apartheid era in South Africa in 1993 and prior to first election in 1994. It restored South African citizenship rights to black South African's, lost after the creation of four independent "homelands" or Bantustans.

## Background

This Act of Parliament restored South African citizenship to Black inhabitants of independent homelands of Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda, and Ciskei. These independent states where given self-government between 1972 and 1977 due to an Apartheid policy of forced removal of all black inhabitants out of what was planned to be, a "white South Africa", and into homelands belonging to one of ten possible Black racial groups. Around seven million people regained their citizenship and allowed them to vote in the first 1994 South African general election open to all races.

## Content of the Act

The following is a brief description of the sections of the Restoration and Extension of South African Citizenship Act, 1993:

### Definitions and interpretation
#### Section 1

Defines the explanations of keywords in the Act.

#### Section 2

Defines the restoration of South African citizenship to citizens that had lost it due to the enactment of four acts governing the independent homelands mention in the schedule.

#### Section 3

Defines the restoration of South African citizenship to citizens that would have been, by birth or descent South African, if had been lost due to the enactment of four law acts in the schedule for the independent homelands.

#### Section 4

Defines that citizenship by naturalization can be applied for and would be granted for those who were defined as citizens of the independent homelands as described by the Acts in the schedule.

#### Section 5

Defines the end of citizenship determination in the independent homelands as described in the Acts listed in the schedule.

#### Section 6

Defines the interpretation of certain references in South African Citizenship Act, 1949 to South African citizens and citizenship.

#### Section 7

Defines the repealing of the Restoration of South African Citizenship Act, 1986 (Act No. 73 of 1986).

#### Section 8

Defines the name of the Act.

#### Schedule

* Status of Transkei Act, 1976 (Act No. 100 of 1976).
* Status of Bophuthatswana Act, 1977 (Act No. 89 of 1977).
* Status of Venda Act, 1979 (Act No. 107 of 1979).
* Status of Ciskei Act, 1981 (Act No. 110 of 1981).

## Repeals

This act repealed the Restoration of South African Citizenship Act, 1986 (Act No. 73 of 1986) and later, in 1995 a new law governing citizenship in South Africa was enacted with the passing of the South African Citizenship Act, 1995.
# Lake Alpine, California

38°28′43″N 120°00′14″W﻿ / ﻿38.47861°N 120.00389°W﻿ / 38.47861; -120.00389
Lake Alpine is an unincorporated community in the Stanislaus National Forest in Alpine County, California. It is located on the north shore of Lake Alpine, at an elevation of 7388 feet (2252 m).
A post office operated at Lake Alpine from 1927 to 1972.
Lake Alpine is a community of cabins authorized by the United States Forest Service under the Occupancy Permits Act.

## Camping

Camping is available near the lake. Also there are a number of beaches.
# MUSIS

The MUltinational Space-based Imaging System for Surveillance, Reconnaissance and Observation (MUSIS) is an international program including France, Italy, Belgium, Germany, Greece, and Spain, aimed at allowing the six nations to share imagery from various military satellites through a common, generic user ground segment (UGS) according to agreed rules and quota.

## Overview

Similar to many category B projects of European Defence Agency (EDA), it is managed by OCCAR.
MUSIS was intended to provide access to a number of missions intended for the 2015 timeframe:
* the successor of French Hélios 2 called Composante Spatiale Optique (CSO)
* the successor of German SAR-Lupe called SARah
* the successor of Italian COSMO-SkyMed called COSMO Second Generation (CSG)
* the Spanish wide area optical satellite SEOSat-Ingenio (formerly known as Seosat)
The two systems mentioned first are entirely military whilst the two latter systems are dual-use.

## History

MUSIS was approved in 2006 and studies were launched in order to achieve Initial Operational Capability (IOC) by 2015. MUSIS was supposed to allow mutual access to the - still national - satellite constellations through the generic UGS. The latter would allow the countries involved to share intelligence imagery more easily than is currently possible. After many divisions amongst the nations involved and some calls to cancel the programme, MUSIS has undergone a substantial change.
But effectively, during the meeting on 6 May 2010, the programme was essentially terminated. Now, MUSIS has deteriorated to a financial contribution scheme to the French Composante Spatiale Optique (CSO) which is the successor of the French Helios 2 programme. MUSIS (a.k.a. CSO) provides a co-funding of CSO and in return offers a percentage no higher than 5% of the optical images that CSO will be able to provide. On 1 July 2010, Poland and Sweden decided to join the MUSIS programme. On 17 December 2010, contracts were awarded for the first two MUSIS satellites, which are the Helios 2 successors.
On 17 June 2011, contracts were awarded to Thales España for the optical focal plane arrays for the first two satellites. In October 2011, Sofradir was awarded a contract to provide HgCdTe sensors for the focal planes of the infra-red instruments on those satellites.
# Portland Stake Tabernacle

The Portland Stake Tabernacle, (also known as the Portland First Ward Meetinghouse and the Colonial Heights Building), is a historic church building for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints located in the Richmond neighborhood of Portland, Oregon. The building is designated as an Oregon Historic Site and as a Significant Resource by the Portland Historic Landmarks Commission.
George Wesley Bowers, one of the builders of the Tabernacle, is known for his nearby house.

## Building

The 26,222 square foot meetinghouse seats over 2,000. The adjoining parking lot combined make the entire property 43,082 square feet. As of 2022, the property has a market value of $11.4 million.

## History

By 1928, Latter-day Saints in Portland outgrew their 1915 meetinghouse on the corner of SE 25th Avenue and SE Madison Street. The plot for the Portland Stake Tabernacle was purchased and the cornerstone was laid on August 25, 1928. The tabernacle was designed by architect Charles E. Kaufman.
The tabernacle was first used on the same day the old meetinghouse was sold to the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (now the Community of Christ) in early February of 1929. The tabernacle was dedicated on February 18, 1929 with Anthony W. Ivins and Charles W. Nibley of the Church's First Presidency in attendance.
The building was used as a meetinghouse until 2019 and as a Family History Center, providing Genealogy resources to the public, until 2022. The building is currently used only for Church events and occasional tours.

## Gallery

* From the Southeast
* East entrance
* The chapel
* From the southwest
# Willy Dobbe

Willy Dobbe (born 2 January 1944) is a Dutch television announcer and former television presenter. She was the host of the 1970 Eurovision Song Contest and also presented the Dutch national finals for the 1971 and 1972 contests.

## Career

Dobbe was born in The Hague and obtained a degree as beautician. In 1967 she joined the broadcaster Nederlandse Omroep Stichting and became a television announcer, which she remained for 5 years before moving to the TROS in 1972.
In 1970, Dobbe was asked to host the Eurovision Song Contest in Amsterdam. She maintained her Eurovision connection for two more years, when she hosted the Nationaal Songfestival consecutively in 1971 and 1972. Dobbe also presented programmes such as School TV, WK Allround Dancing, and, most notably, Zevensprong. She remained associated with TV for the next two decades and retired in 1989, to make way for Linda de Mol.
Twice during her career, Dobbe was featured in the Dutch gossip magazine Story. Dutch director Wim T. Schippers created a fictional "Willy Dobbe plantsoen" (Willy Dobbe park) that figured in several of his satirical programs. In 1997, a real park was named after her in Olst, with Dobbe and Schippers both being present at its opening.
Heerlen has been her domicile for most of her life.
# Nishi-Hiroshima Station

Nishi-Hiroshima Station (西広島駅, Nishi-Hiroshima-eki) is a passenger railway station located in Nishi-ku in the city of Hiroshima, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by the West Japan Railway Company (JR West). The station connects to Hiroden-nishi-hiroshima Station on the Hiroden Lines.

## Lines

Nishi-Hiroshima Station is served by the JR West Sanyō Main Line, and is located 310.7 kilometers from the terminus of the line at Kobe.

## Station layout

The station consists of one ground-level side platform and one island platform connected by an elevated station building. The station is staffed.

## Platforms

| 1, 2 | ■ R Sanyō Main Line | for Miyajimaguchi and Iwakuni |
| 2, 3 | ■ R Sanyō Main Line | for Hiroshima and Mihara |

## History

Nishi-Hiroshima Station was opened on 25 September 1897 as Koi Station (己斐駅) on the San'yo Railway, when the line was extended from Hiroshima to Tokuyama. The line was nationalised in 1906 and became the San'yo Main Line in 1909. The station name was changed to "Nishi-Hiroshima Station" in 1969. With the privatization of the Japan National Railway (JNR) on 1 April 1987, the station came under the aegis of the West Japan railway Company (JR West). The new station building started construction in 2019 and was opened for service on 19 December 2022.

## Passenger statistics

In fiscal 2019, the station was used by an average of 9,399 passengers daily.

## Surrounding area

* Hiroshima City Nishi Ward Office
* Hiroshima Institute of Technology College
* Notre Dame Seishin Junior and Senior High School

### Hiroden

* █ Main Line / █ Miyajima Line
** Line #2
*** Fukushima-cho — Hiroden-nishi-hiroshima Station — Higashi-takasu
* █ Main Line
** Line #3
*** Hiroden-nishi-hiroshima Station — Higashi-takasu
# Mikhail Ledovskikh

Mikhail Ledovskikh (born August 8, 1986) is a professional tennis player. He began playing tennis when he was seven. Currently residing in Sochi, Russia, he is coached by Alec Baranov.

## ATP Challenger and ITF Futures finals
### Singles: 5 (1–4)

* Legend
* ATP Challenger (1–2)
* ITF Futures (0–2)
* Finals by surface
* Hard (1–4)
* Clay (0–0)
* Grass (0–0)
* Carpet (0–0)
| Result | W–L | Date | Tournament | Tier | Surface | Opponent | Score |
| Win | 1–0 | Jun 2007 | Astana, Kazakhstan | Challenger | Hard | Bjorn Phau | 7–6$^{(7–2)}$, 6–3 |
| Loss | 1–1 | Jul 2007 | Togliati, Russia | Challenger | Hard | Dudi Sela | 6–7$^{(4–7)}$, 3–6 |
| Loss | 1–2 | Jul 2007 | Penza, Russia | Challenger | Hard | Benedikt Dorsch | 5–7, 7–5, 1–6 |
| Loss | 1–3 | Feb 2010 | Azerbaijan F2, Baku | Futures | Hard | Jerzy Janowicz | 4–6, 6–7$^{(6–8)}$ |
| Loss | 1–4 | Mar 2011 | Russia F2, Tyumen | Futures | Hard | Valery Rudnev | 7–5, 2–6, 4–6 |
# Lasse Nilsen

Lasse Nilsen (born 21 February 1995) is a Norwegian football defender. He last played for the Eliteserien side Tromsø IL.

## Career

He hails from Bleik and started his youth career in Høken, moving on to Andenes around his early teens. He then went to the regional great team Tromsø IL, with whom he signed a professional contract in April 2014. He plays as a left back or winger.
He made his first team debut in the 2014 Norwegian First Division, which ended with Tromsø being promoted, and made his first-tier debut in May 2015 against Odd.
In April 2018, he scored his first goal against Ranheim IL in a 4-0 win. He also scored the deciding goal in a 2-1 win against Rosenborg BK in June 2018.
At the end of the 2024 season, it was confirmed that Nilsen's contract with Tromsø expired after the season and would not be extended.

## Career statistics

    As of 13 December 2024
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National Cup | National Cup | Europe | Europe | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Tromsø | 2014 | 1. divisjon | 13 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 20 | 0 |
| Tromsø | 2015 | Eliteserien | 11 | 0 | 2 | 0 | — | — | 13 | 0 |
| Tromsø | 2016 | Eliteserien | 11 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 12 | 0 |
| Tromsø | 2017 | Eliteserien | 12 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 13 | 0 |
| Tromsø | 2018 | Eliteserien | 26 | 3 | 2 | 0 | — | — | 28 | 3 |
| Tromsø | 2019 | Eliteserien | 23 | 1 | 3 | 1 | — | — | 26 | 2 |
| Tromsø | 2020 | 1. divisjon | 15 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 15 | 1 |
| Tromsø | 2021 | Eliteserien | 17 | 0 | 2 | 0 | — | — | 19 | 0 |
| Tromsø | 2022 | Eliteserien | 27 | 1 | 2 | 0 | — | — | 29 | 1 |
| Tromsø | 2023 | Eliteserien | 8 | 0 | 4 | 0 | — | — | 12 | 0 |
| Tromsø | 2024 | Eliteserien | 17 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 22 | 0 |
| Tromsø | Total | Total | 180 | 6 | 22 | 1 | 7 | 0 | 209 | 7 |
| Tromsdalen (loan) | 2017 | 1. divisjon | 15 | 1 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 15 | 1 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 195 | 7 | 22 | 1 | 7 | 0 | 224 | 8 |
* ↑ Appearances in UEFA Europa League
* ↑ Appearances in UEFA Conference League
# Rajan Krishnan

Rajan Krishnan was a modern Indian artist based in Kerala.

## Early life and background

Rajan, hailing from Pallikkal - a small village near Cheruthuruthy in the Thrissur district of Kerala - was born as the sixth of seven children of Mandalaparambil Krishnan and Narayani. He received his early education at the Government High School in Cheruthuruthy, and enrolled for BA Economics at NSS College, Ottapalam. However, his passion lay in the visual arts, and thus he dropped out of the Economics course in 1989 and joined the College of Fine Arts, Thiruvananthapuram in 1990. After completing his BFA from the same college in 1994, he went on to pursue an MFA at the M.S. University, Baroda. In 1996, after completing MFA, Rajan returned to his home State, opting to work from there instead of migrating to large metros of India like many of his contemporaries were doing at that time.

## Career

For three years, Rajan lived and worked in Thiruvananthapuram - serving as a Guest Lecturer at his alma mater, the College of Fine Arts Trivandrum. In 2000, he relocated to Kochi, participating in group shows and organising exhibitions and art-related events in the city. Finally, in 2004, his first solo show was held at Kashi Art Gallery, founded by the late Anoop Skaria and Dorrie Younger in Fort Kochi.
# Combo 66

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| All About Jazz | |
| AllMusic | |
| Mojo | |
| PopMatters | 7/10 |
| The Times | |
| Tom Hull | B+ |
Combo 66 a studio album by American jazz musician John Scofield. The album was released on 28 September 2018 by Verve label. The “66” in the album title refers to Scofield's age at the time of recording. The combo themselves include keyboardist Gerald Clayton, bassist Vicente Archer and longtime Scofield drummer Bill Stewart.

## Reception

Jeff Tamarkin writing for Relix stated, "Scofield prefers clean lines, a marked swing (even notably present in the ballads) to push his melodies ahead and an uncluttered accompaniment that allows his leads to stand out without entirely dominating the proceedings. It’s a formula that has made Scofield one of the most popular artists in contemporary jazz." Bill Meredith in his review for JazzTimes noted, "Combo 66 may be named for Scofield’s age, but it sounds as timeless as he does ageless." Will Layman of PopMatters stated, "John Scofield makes this kind of album-length delight seem tossed-off, casual, easy-as-pie. He wrote each appealing theme, and his worn-in guitar tone dominates every track like the voice of a favorite actor—his guitar sound is arguably the Morgan Freeman of jazz- wise and great to hear, never tiring but never dull." Chris Pearson of The Times added, "Don’t expect a nostalgic wallow, though. Sco’s electric guitar is as fuzzy as ever and all the tunes are originals. This is modern music."

## Track listing

All tracks are written by John Scofield

## Personnel

* John Scofield – guitars
* Gerald Clayton – acoustic piano, organ
* Vicente Archer – bass
* Bill Stewart – drums
Production
* John Scofield – producer
* Jay Newland – recording, mixing
* Brian Montgomery – digital editing
* Mark Wilder – mastering at Battery Studios (New York, NY)
* Nick Suttle – photography
# 1857 South Australian colonial election

Colonial elections were held in South Australia on 9 March 1857. All 36 seats in the South Australian House of Assembly, and all 18 seats in the Legislative Council were up for election.
At the time of the election, Boyle Travers Finniss led a government which had been formed to administer the election, and to establish the first responsible government.
House of Assembly (FPTP) — Turnout 56.2% (Non-CV) — Informal N/A :
| Party | Votes | % | Swing | Seats | Change |
| Independent | 16,115 | 100.00 | * | 36 | * |
| Total | 16,115 | | | 36 | |

## Pre-party Premiers

No parties or solid groupings would be formed until after the 1890 election, which resulted in frequent changes of the Premier of South Australia. If for any reason the incumbent Premier lost sufficient support through a successful motion of no confidence at any time on the floor of the house, he would tender his resignation to the Governor of South Australia, which would result in another member deemed to have the support of the House of Assembly being sworn in by the Governor as the next Premier.
Informal groupings began and increased government stability occurred from the 1887 election. The United Labor Party would be formed in 1891, while the National Defence League would be formed later in the same year.
The first six Governors of South Australia oversaw governance from proclamation in 1836 until self-government and an elected bicameral Parliament of South Australia was enacted in the year prior to the inaugural 1857 election. The pre-1857 unicameral Legislative Council was partially represented from earlier 1851 and 1855 elections.
# Adrian Township, Jackson County, Kansas

Adrian Township is a township in Jackson County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2000 census, its population was 150.

## Geography

Adrian Township covers an area of 29.83 square miles (77.26 square kilometers); of this, 0.08 square miles (0.2 square kilometers) or 0.26 percent is water. The stream of Long Branch runs through this township.

### Adjacent townships

* Grant Township (north)
* Lincoln Township (east)
* Washington Township (south)
* Emmett Township, Pottawatomie County (west)
* St. Clere Township, Pottawatomie County (west)
* Lincoln Township, Pottawatomie County (northwest)

### Cemeteries

The township contains two cemeteries: Adrian and Shields.
# Judith at the Banquet of Holofernes

Judith at the Banquet of Holofernes (also known as Artemisia Receiving Mausolus' Ashes and Sophonisba Receiving the Poisoned Cup) is a painting by the Dutch master Rembrandt. It is now in the Museo del Prado in Madrid, Spain. It is signed "REMBRANDT F: 1634".
The subject of the picture was unclear for centuries. It portrays a young woman, formerly identified as Sophonisba or Artemisia, or a generic queen due to her jewels and rich garments, receiving a cup from a maiden. Today it is considered to be Judith at the banquet of Holofernes.
For the woman, Rembrandt probably used his wife Saskia as model.
# Viktor Melin

Viktor Melin (18 April 1891 – 24 September 1973) was a Swedish wrestler. He competed in the middleweight event at the 1912 Summer Olympics.
Melin represented Djurgårdens IF and Brandkårens IK. He won the 1915 Swedish championship in Greco-Roman middleweight for Brandkårens IK.
# Adolphe-Basile Routhier

Sir Adolphe-Basile Routhier FRSC (French pronunciation:; May 8, 1839 – June 27, 1920) was a Canadian judge, author, and lyricist. He wrote the lyrics of the original French version of the Canadian national anthem "O Canada". He was born in Saint-Placide, Quebec, to Charles Routhier and Angélique Lafleur.

## Early life and education

Routhier was born and grew up in Saint-Placide, Quebec, on his family's farm. He attended Séminaire de Ste-Thérèse, and later studied law at Université Laval. He graduated and was called to the Quebec bar in 1861.

## Career

Routhier practised law in Kamouraska until he was appointed to the Quebec Superior Court in 1873 (as Chief Justice from 1904 to 1906) and Admiralty of the Exchequer Court of Canada (from 1897 to 1906).
Routhier ran as a Conservative candidate for the riding of Kamouraska in several federal elections, but he was never elected.
Routhier wrote a number of books under the name Jean Piquefort.
Routhier's poem "Ô Canada" was commissioned by the Lieutenant Governor of Quebec Théodore Robitaille for the 1880 Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day ceremony.
In June 1914, Routhier was one of the three judges appointed to conduct the Commission of Inquiry into the sinking of the Canadian Pacific steamship Empress of Ireland, which had resulted in the loss of 1,012 lives.

## Personal

Routhier married Clorinde Mondelet on November 12, 1862, in Quebec and had one son.

## Honours

Many sites and landmarks were named to honour Basile Routhier. They include:
* Rue Basile-Routhier (Basile-Routhier Street), located in Shawinigan, Quebec, Canada;
* Place Basile-Routhier, located in Shawinigan;
* Rue Basile-Routhier in Montreal, Quebec;
* Boulevard Basile-Routhier in Repentigny, Quebec.
* Avenue Sir Adolphe Routhier in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada;

## Selected publications

* Les Echos, P. G. Delisle, 1882.
# Willem Duys

Willem Duys (17 August 1928 – 2 June 2011) was a Dutch radio and television presenter, commentator, tennis player and music producer.
Duys was born in Bussum. He first started a career as a tennis player. Having made the final NK Older Youth (Van Lennep Cup) in 1946, he won the Spieghel Hilversum and Heide B tournament, took the semi-finals Plaswijck Kralingen and won the B tournament in Rotterdam. He also reached the final three men's doubles Flehite A with Peter Scholtz and was 1956 men's singles champion Unilever (following Jan de Soet).
After retiring from tennis in mid 1956 Duys began writing for various music magazines and was invited to act as an announcer on AVRO in 1956. He became a television presenter in 1959. From 1963 until 1979 he presented the TV program "Voor de Vuist Weg", generally considered to be the first talk show on Dutch television. In 1974 he received the Gouden Televizierring for this program. He regularly presented the Grand Gala du Disque and was a commentator for large tennis matches. For eight years (1962, 1963, 1974–1976, 1978, 1979 and 1983) he commented the Eurovision Song Contest for Dutch television viewers. Duys also presented the Sunday morning radio show "Muziek Mozaïek" for four decades. A TV version of that show ran for six seasons. In 1999, after a cerebral infarction, he retired. He worked for the AVRO for more than forty years.
Willem Duys lived alternately in Saint-Paul, Alpes-Maritimes and Naarden and thereafter in Hilversum. He died in Hilversum on 2 June 2011 from a lung infection.