# Ramanand Sagar

Ramanand Sagar (born Chandramauli Chopra; 29 December 1917 – 12 December 2005) was an Indian film-television director, producer, and writer. He is best known for his contribution to the television serials Ramayan (1987–1988) and Shri Krishna (1993–1999), which broke several viewership records globally.

## Early life

Sagar was born at Asal Guruke near Lahore. His great-grandfather, Lala Shankar Das Chopra, migrated from Lahore to Kashmir. Ramanand was adopted by his maternal grandmother, who had no sons, at which point his name was changed from 'Chandramouli Chopra' to 'Ramanand Sagar'. After Sagar's biological mother died, his father remarried and had further children, including Vidhu Vinod Chopra, who is thus Sagar's half-brother.
Sagar worked as a peon, truck cleaner, soap vendor, and goldsmith apprentice during the day and studied for his degree at night.
He was a gold medalist in Sanskrit and Persian from the University of Punjab in 1942. He was also editor of newspaper Daily Milap. He wrote many short stories, novels, poems, plays, etc. under names like "Ramanand Chopra", "Ramanand Bedi" and "Ramanand Kashmiri". In 1942 when he caught tuberculosis he wrote a subjective column, "Diary of a T.B. patient", about his fight. The column was published in a series in the magazine Adab-e-Mashriq in Lahore.

## Career

In 1932, Sagar started his film career as a clapper boy in a silent film, Raiders of the Rail Road. He then shifted to Bombay in 1949 after India's partition.
In 1944, He acted in Punjabi film Koel, Directed by Roop K. Shorey,made in Lahore released on Friday,24 November by Film Company Shorey Pictures.
In the 1940s, Sagar started out as an assistant stage manager in Prithvi Theatres of Prithviraj Kapoor. He also directed a few plays under the fatherly guidance of Kapoor.
Along with other films that Sagar himself directed, he wrote the story and screenplay for Raj Kapoor's superhit Barsaat. He produced and directed films like Bazooband and Mehmaan which bombed at the box-office .
Due to his unsuccessful career in Bollywood. Sagar shifted to Madras and start working for Gemini Studio. He wrote story, screenplay and dialogues for Gemini classics like Insaniyat (1955), Raj Tilak (1958) and Paigham (1959), the 1959 classic featuring Dilip Kumar, Raaj Kumar and Vjyanthimala fetched him Filmfare Award for Best Dialogue. Sagar's collaboration with Gemini Studio proved to be fruitful for his career. Gemini's owner SS Vasan was impressed with Sagar's professionalism and advised him to directed films again. Under the Vasan's tutelage, Sagar directed Ghunghat (1960) and Zindagi (1964) for Gemini Studio which were successful commercially and critically. He even wrote Shammi Kapoor and Sadhana starrer Rajkumar (1964) for another South Indian banner. Ghunghat and Zindagi's success gave him the confidence to re-start his career as a producer and director. Sagar moved back to Mumbai and re-christened his Production House as Sagar Films. The first film under the Sagar Arts banner was Rajendra Kumar, Sadhana and Feroz Khan starrer Arzoo, which became a blockbuster. He won Filmfare Best Director Award for his spy thriller Aankhen. His films in the early 1970s were not successful like Geet and Laalkar. He directed one of the top five grossing films of 1976, Charas, starring Dharmendra and Hema Malini. In 1979, his directorial venture Prem Bandhan starring Rajesh Khanna, Rekha and Moushmi Chatterjee was successful commercially, becoming the sixth highest-grossing film of that year. In 1982, he directed Baghavat starring Dharmendra, Hema Malini and Reena Roy which turned out to be a huge hit.
In 1985 he directed 'Salma' which was unsuccessful at the box office and though the music of the film romance was popular, the film did not perform well at box office.
In 1985 Sagar turned towards television with Dada Dadi Ki Kahaniyaan which was directed by Moti Sagar and produced by Ramanand Sagar. Then his Sagar Arts began producing serials based on Indian history. His directorial venture Ramayan aired its first episode on 25 January 1987. His next tele-serials were Krishna and Luv Kush which were both produced and directed by him. He also later directed Sai Baba. Sagar also made fantasy serials like Vikram Aur Betaal and Alif Laila.
The Ramayan series was initially conceptualized to run for 52 episodes of 45 minutes each. Owing to popular demand it had to be extended thrice, eventually ending after 78 episodes.
Sagar made a Luv Kush episode after receiving a call from PMO.
Based on his experiences of the Indo-Pak partition, Sagar published the Hindi-Urdu book Aur Insaan Mar Gaya (transl. And The Human Died) in 1948.
The government of India honoured Sagar with the Padma Shri in 2000. Sagar died on 12 December 2005 aged 88 at his home in Mumbai after a series of health problems.
In December 2019, his son Prem Sagar launched a book on his life, An Epic Life: Ramanand Sagar, From Barsaat to Ramayan. This book is a biography of Ramanand Sagar depicting his life struggles and his journey from a clerk to one of the greatest filmmakers of all time.

## Personal life

He was married to Leelavati, with whom he had five children, four sons (Anand, Prem, Moti and Subhash) and a daughter (Sarita).

## Filmography
### Films

| Year | Title | Director | Writer | Producer |
| 1949 | Ek Teri Nishani | No | Yes | No |
| 1949 | Barsaat | No | Yes | No |
| 1950 | Jan Pahchan | No | Yes | No |
| 1952 | Sangdil | No | Yes | No |
| 1953 | Mehmaan | Yes | No | No |
| 1954 | Bazooband | Yes | Yes | No |
| 1956 | Mem Sahib | No | Yes | No |
| 1958 | Raj Tilak | No | Yes | No |
| 1959 | Paigham | No | Yes | No |
| 1960 | Ghunghat | Yes | No | No |
| 1964 | Rajkumar | No | Yes | No |
| 1964 | Zindagi | Yes | No | Yes |
| 1965 | Arzoo | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| 1968 | Aankhen | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| 1970 | Geet | Yes | No | Yes |
| 1972 | Lalkaar | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| 1973 | Jalte Badan | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| 1976 | Charas | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| 1979 | Prem Bandhan | Yes | No | No |
| 1979 | Hum Tere Ashiq Hain | No | Yes | No |
| 1981 | Armaan | No | No | Yes |
| 1982 | Baghavat | Yes | No | Yes |
| 1983 | Romance | Yes | No | Yes |
| 1985 | Salma | Yes | No | Yes |

### Acting credits

| Year | Title | Role | Note |
| 1943 | Koel | Un­known | Film; Punjabi language |
| 1987-1988 | Ramayan | Narrator | Television series |
| 1993 | Shri Krishna | Narrator | Television series |
| 2000 | Jai Mahalakshmi | Narrator | Television series |

### Television

| Year | Title | Director | Writer | Producer | Editor |
| 1985-1986 | Vikram Aur Betaal | Yes | No | Yes | No |
| 1986-1987 | Dada Dadi Ki Kahaniyan | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| 1987-1988 | Ramayan | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| 1988-1989 | Luv Kush | Yes | No | Yes | No |
| 1993-1997 | Alif Laila | No | No | Yes | No |
| 1993-1997 | Shri Krishna | Yes | No | Yes | No |
| 1997 | Yeh Hai Mere Apne | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| 1997 | Jai Ganga Maiya | Yes | No | No | No |
| 1999 | Aangan | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| 2000 | Aakash | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| 2000 | Shree Brahma Vishnu Mahesh | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| 2000 | Jai Mahalakshmi | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| 2001 | Chingaari | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| 2001 | Sansaar | Yes | No | Yes | Yes |
| 2001 | Jai Jai Jai Tridev | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| 2002 | Saanjhi | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| 2002 | Bhagat Singh | No | No | Yes | No |
| 2003 | Arzoo Hai Tu | Yes | No | No | No |
| 2005 | Sai Baba | Yes | Yes | No | No |

## Awards and honors

In 1996, he was honored with the Sahitya Vachaspati (Doctor of Literature) by the Hindi Sahitya Sammelan in Allahabad. In 1997, Jammu University presented him a honoris causa doctorate (Doctor of Literature). In 2000, he was honoured with Padma Shri by the Government of India. In 2004, he received a special award for his contribution to Indian Television at the Indian Telly Awards.

### Filmfare Awards

| Year | Category | Work | Result |
| 1960 | Best Dialogue | Paigham | Won |
| 1966 | Best Story | Arzoo | Nominated |
| 1966 | Best Director | Arzoo | Nominated |
| 1969 | Best Director | Aankhen | Won |
| 1969 | Best Story | Aankhen | Nominated |