OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Abdul-Wahab al-Saadi

Abdul-Wahab al-Saadi (Arabic: عبد الوهاب الساعدي) is an Iraqi military officer. Al-Saadi played a critical role in defeating ISIS during the War in Iraq (2013–2017), and served as the head of the Iraqi Counter-Terrorism Service from 2020 to 2023. He received the French Legion of Honour in 2022.

## Early life and education

Al-Saadi is born in 1963 in Al-Thawra District, Baghdad.
Al-Saadi graduated from the University of Mosul in Northern Iraq with a bachelor's degree in physics. He then graduated from the Iraqi Military College with a rank of lieutenant, then graduated from the Iraqi Military Joint Staff College in 1996.

## Career

Al-Saadi was the overall operations commander of Iraqi government forces in Battle of Baiji (2014–15), Second Battle of Tikrit, Third Battle of Fallujah (2016), and the Hawija offensive (2017) in the war against ISIL.
Peter Bergen wrote that al-Saadi played a critical role in the overall defeat of ISIS in Iraq.
In September 2019, al-Saadi was removed from his office as second-in-command of ICTS by then Iraqi Prime Minister Adel Abdul Mahdi and transferred to work in the Ministry of Defense, without mentioning the reasons for the decision. Al-Saadi said that the decision was at the request of the head of the Counter-Terrorism Agency, General Talib Shaghati and that it was considered "insulting to him and his military history." Many politicians, media and activists considered the decision unfair. The firing could be considered one of the reasons for protests that escalated into street clashes resulting in thousands of deaths. After getting promoted to General, on May 10, 2020, newly appointed prime minister Mustafa Al-Kadhimi promoted Al-Saedi to lead the counterterrorism service. He was succeeded as head of ICTS by Lieutenant General Karim Abboud Al-Tamimi [ar] on November 1, 2023.

## Accolades

In 2022, Al-Saadi received the French Legion of Honour for his outstanding role in defeating ISIS.
# Dargaud Marina

Dargaud Marina (formerly Marina Productions and currently Dargaud Media) is a French production company owned by Dargaud that produces animation, documentaries, and feature-length films.
The company was founded as Marina Productions by Claude Berthier in 1990, which was acquired by Dargaud in June 1997 and was renamed in 1999.

## Productions

Recent productions airing on French and foreign channels include:
* Valérian, co-produced by France 3.
* Boule & Bill/Billy and Buddy, co-produced by TF1.
* L'Ile de Black Mor (Theatrical).
* Les Aventures Fantastiques du Commandant Cousteau/Jacques Cousteau's Ocean Tales (France 3).
* Kitou Scrogneugneu (TF1), adapted from the book of the same name by A. Rocard, M. Degano, and F. Ruyer, published by Fleurus.
* The New Adventures of Lucky Luke (France 3).
* Les Fils de Rome/Roma, 101 AD on M6.
* Princesse du Nil/Princess of the Nile (France 2).
* La Dernière Réserve/The Last Reservation (TF1).
* Petit Potam (Little Hippo) on France 3.
* Monsieur Bonhomme/Mr. Men and Little Miss (Canal J).
Dargaud Marina’s productions are sold to television channels all over the world; it continues to expand its stock of audiovisual content, adding two or three new series each year.
# Wolfgang Scharf

Wolfgang Scharf (born 13 November 1959) is a German speed skater. He competed in three events at the 1984 Winter Olympics.
# Valentina Yakshina

Valentina Yakshina (born 6 February 1976) is a Russian speed skater. She competed at the 2002 Winter Olympics and the 2006 Winter Olympics.
# New Village Girls Academy

New Village Girls Academy is an all-girls high school located in the Rampart neighborhood near downtown Los Angeles. Enrollment is open to all girls (ages 14 to 22) from Los Angeles County. The school intentionally seeks and serves young women who are facing difficult personal circumstances that make graduation from a traditional high school unlikely.
New Village offers individualized education plans, Special Education and English language development support, and small learning environments with dedicated advisor/teachers. Its A-G curriculum qualifies graduates for admission to the University of California and other four-year colleges. The school also supports students in pursuing vocational training and preparing for meaningful careers through its internship program.
The school's programs include workplace readiness, career exploration, mentored internships, science classes at the California Science Center, an environmental engineering class, a makerspace, after-school academic support, sports and enrichment, counseling and case management by the school psychologist, schoolwide mindfulness practice and monthly Wellness Days, outdoor education, individual student and family wellness support and emergency assistance, college readiness including college tours and financial aid workshops, and summer school. Non-profit partners provide free childcare, mental health services, medical care, mentoring, gang intervention, baby supplies, and essentials for homeless students.
New Village's senior class graduation rate is consistently above 90 percent, with all students (except exempt youth) achieving an A-G diploma. More than 75 percent of graduates continue to college or vocational training. Many are the first in their families to graduate, and almost all who go to college are first-generation students.

## Charter school

New Village Girls Academy is the first all-girl charter school in California.
# 2 Minute Silence

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#REDIRECT Thom_Yorke#Other_issues
# Biathlon Federation of the Republic of Moldova

The Biathlon Federation of the Republic of Moldova (Romanian: Federația de Biatlon din Republica Moldova) is a Moldovan association for biathlon, and is a member of the International Biathlon Union.

## History

The Federation was established on 12 May 1993 as a public organisation – the national governing body of the biathlon sport.
In 2018–2019, the Federation enrolled naturalised Russian and Ukrainian athletes (Pavel Magazeev, Andrey Usov, Mikhail Usov, Maxim Makarov, Alina Stremous, Alena Ivanova, Alla Ghilenko), who formed the basis of the national team. This made it possible to achieve high results in 2022 when Alina Stremous won gold (in the pursuit) and silver (in the individual race) medals at the 2022 IBU Open European Championships in Großer Arbersee (Germany).
At the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing the Moldovan team was represented by four athletes. The highest achievement at the Olympics was Alina Stremous' 10th place in the 7.5 km sprint.

## Leadership

* Dimitri Torner, President (from 2020)
* Petru Bria, Secretary General (1993-2014, 2017–present)

## List of presidents

* Valentin Ciumac (1993–2014).
* Petru Bria (2014–2017).
* Ion Florian (2017–2020)
* Dimitri Torner (2020–present)
# Qiang Yang

Qiang Yang (Chinese: 杨强; pinyin: yáng qiáng) (born 1963) is the Chair Professor, Department Head of CSE, HKUST in Hong Kong and University New Bright Professor of Engineering and Chair Professor from 2015. He was the founding head of Noah's Ark Lab. He had taught at the University of Waterloo and Simon Fraser University. His research interests are data mining and artificial intelligence.

## Biography

Qiang Yang was born in Beijing, China. He is the son of Haishou Yang (Chinese: 杨海寿), an Astronomer in China.
Qiang Yang attended Tsinghua University High School in 1975 and then Peking University in 1978. He graduated from Peking University with a degree in astrophysics and went to the US through the CUSPEA exams in 1982. He obtained his master's degree in astrophysics from the University of Maryland in 1985, and another master's degree in computer science at the same university in 1987. He obtained his doctorate degree in computer science from the University of Maryland in 1989 (supervisor: Dana S. Nau).
Qiang Yang had taught at the University of Waterloo (1989–1995, Assistant Professor, Associate Professor) and Simon Fraser University (1995–2001, Associate Professor, Full Professor). He worked in Microsoft Research Asia from 1999 to 2000. He is now a professor of CSE at HKUST in Hong Kong.

## Awards

* Qiang Yang is an ACM Fellow (2017–).
* He was elevated to AAAI fellow in 2013.
* He was elevated to IEEE Fellow (2009–).
* He was elevated to IAPR Fellow (2012–).
* He was elevated to AAAS Fellow (2012–).
* He was elected chairman of the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI) (2017–).

## Career

He is the head of Noah's Ark Lab which was founded by Huawei and headquartered in Hong Kong in June 2012. He was invited to serve as the chief technology advisor of Weixin in 2015. He is also the founding Editor in Chief of the ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology (ACM TIST) from 2010. He had been the vice chair of ACM SIGART between 2010 and 2013, a program co-chair for ACM SIGKDD 2010, and the general chair for ACM SIGKDD 2012. He had also been a general co-chair for ACM IUI (Intelligent User Interface) 2010 and ACM RecSys (Recommender System) Conference in 2013. He is a member of the IJCAI trustee between 2011 and 2017 and the program chair of IJCAI-15 held in Buenos Aires.

## Books

* "Digital Watermarking for Machine Learning Model"
* "Crafting Your Research Future: A Guide to Successful Master's and PhD Degrees in Science & Engineering" (Chinese:《学术研究你的成功之道)
* "Intelligent Planning: A Decomposition and Abstraction Based Approach"
* "Constraint-Based Design Recovery for Software Reengineering: Theory and Experiments (International Series in Software Engineering)"
# Mohammadabad-e Sofla, Kerman

Mohammadabad-e Sofla (Persian: محمدابادسفلي) is a neighborhood in the city of Boluk in Esmaili District of Jiroft County, Kerman province, Iran.
At the time of the 2006 National Census, Mohammadabad-e Sofla's population was 167 in 37 households, when it was a village in Esmaili Rural District of Anbarabad County. The following census in 2011 counted 167 people in 43 households, by which time the district had been separated from the county to join Jiroft County.
After the census, the village of Boluk merged with the villages of Amirabad, Hoseynabad-e Sofla, and Mohammadabad-e Sofla to become the city of Boluk.
# Treaty of Surji-Anjangaon

The Treaty of Surji-Anjangaon was signed on 30 December 1803 between the British and Daulat Rao Sindhia, chief of the Maratha Confederacy at Anjangaon town located in Maharashtra.
On 30 December 1803, the Sindhia signed the Treaty of Surji-Anjangaon with the British after the Battle of Assaye and Battle of Argaon. The agreement was the result of Major General Arthur Wellesley's military campaigns in Central India in the first phase of the Second Anglo-Maratha War (1803-1805). As a result of this treaty, Ganges-Jumna Doab, Haryana, the Delhi-Agra region, parts of Bundelkhand, Broach, some districts of Gujarat and fort of Ahmadnagar, eventually came under the control of the British East India Company.
The treaty was revised twice (once in November 1805 and again on 5 November 1817). The first revision mostly entailed restoring the territories of Gwalior and Gohad to Sindhia. The second revision of the treaty entailed granting Sindhia more power in return for providing help to the British in their fight against the Pindaris in the Third Anglo-Maratha War.
# Vincent Cheng Hoi-Chuen

Vincent Cheng Hoi-Chuen GBS OBE JP (Chinese: 鄭海泉, 16 July 1948 – 28 August 2022) was a Hong Kong banker who was an executive director of HSBC Holdings plc. He was also chairman of The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited, the Asia-Pacific branch of HSBC, and founding member of the group, from 2005 to 2010.

## Early years and education

Cheng grew up in a poor family of six, despite difficult circumstances and having been crippled by polio at a young age. He was educated in Hong Kong and in New Zealand, receiving his Bachelor of Social Science in Economics from the Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) and a Master of Philosophy in Economics from the University of Auckland.

## Career

Cheng joined The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation in 1978, when he worked in the Group Finance department. In 1982 he moved to the Bank's Group Planning department, before he was appointed Chief Economist in 1986. From April 1989 to April 1991, he was seconded to the Hong Kong Government's Central Policy Unit and acted as an adviser to the Governor of Hong Kong. He took up the post of general manager in June 1995 and then the first ethnic Chinese Executive Director of the Bank in November that same year.
He was appointed vice-chairman and Chief Executive of Hang Seng Bank, a bank which The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation holds majority stake, in 1998. On 25 May 2005, he became Chairman of The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, taking over from David Eldon. He also became the managing director of HSBC Group and the Director of HSBC Bank Australia Limited. On 1 April 2007, he became Chairman of the HSBC Bank (China) Company Limited. He has also been appointed the first ethnic Chinese Executive Director of HSBC Holdings on 1 February 2008.
In January 2008, he was appointed a member of the National Committee of the 11th Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), and a senior advisor to the 11th Beijing Municipal Committee of the CPPCC.
His previous government advisory roles have included Member of the Executive Council from 1995 to 1997 and a Hong Kong Affairs Adviser to the People's Republic of China from 1994 to 1997.
He was also a member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong from 1991 to 1995.
His public service duties included serving as Chairman of the Standing Committee on Directorate Salaries and Conditions of Service for the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Member of the Exchange Fund Advisory Committee of the Hong Kong Monetary Authority. He was also Honorary President of the Hong Kong Society for Rehabilitation.
Cheng had been appointed the Justice of the Peace, Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (OBE) (1994), and Gold Bauhinia Star (GBS) (2005).

## Death

Cheng died on the night of 28 August 2022, aged 74.
# Svetlana Varganova

Svetlana Varganova (born 19 November 1964) is a Russian former swimmer who competed in the 1980 Summer Olympics.
Throughout her athletic career, Svetlana Varganova participated in two major international competitions, namely the 1980 Olympics and the 1982 World Championships. At the Olympics, she won a silver medal in the 200m breaststroke event, while at the 1982 Worlds, she achieved a gold medal in the same event, as well as a bronze medal in the medley relay. In addition, Varganova broke a world record for the 200m breaststroke, recording a time of 2:31.09 in 1979. In national competitions, she won a single Soviet title for the 100 breaststroke in 1982, and also secured two silver medals (1982–83) and two bronze medals (1979, 1981) for the 200 breaststroke event at the Soviet championships. Following the conclusion of her competitive career, Varganova worked as a swimming coach in her hometown of Leningrad, which is now known as St. Petersburg.
She was arrested in an extensive drug bust conducted by Narcotics Control Bureau of Government of India in Goa, India in April 2023.
# New York Conservatory of Modern Music

The New York Conservatory of Modern Music was a music school in New York City, founded soon after World War II by principal Alfred Francis Sculco, a professional trumpeter from Westerly, Rhode Island who attended the Juilliard School, and played with the big bands of Count Basie, Tommy Dorsey, Benny Goodman, and Harry James.
Located at 552 Atlantic Avenue in Brooklyn, it is notable for the alumni who went on to become working jazz musicians, including Jimmy Cheatham, Wally Cirillo, Seldon Powell, and George Tucker. Jazz record producer Don Schlitten is also a former student.
In addition to Sculco (affectionately known as "Squeak" by the students) and others, Tony Aless, Billy Bauer, Jim Chapin, and Don Lamond were all instructors at the college.
# 1997 Brazilian police strike

The 1997 Brazilian police strike was a series of strikes by police officers in Brazil over wages.

## History

The strike was sparked by complaints about low wages, with Brazilian police demanding to pay raises of 85%. Strike actions were taken by police in at least 15 different Brazilian states.
In some regions, the Brazilian military was deployed to take over policing functions during the strike. In the city of Belo Horizonte, when a demonstration by the striking police officers marched on the Governor's residence, one police officer was killed in the ensuing clashes.

## Reactions

Pernambuco Minister of Justice Roberto França stated that "there has been nothing like this here in decades," saying that "this kind of lawlessness is unprecedented here."
The United States Department of State's 1997 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices stated that "the need for police reform was brought to the forefront by widely publicized incidents of police involvement in criminal activity and police strikes in at least 15 states, which drew attention to their low pay and inadequate training."
# João Carlos (footballer, born 1989)

João Miguel Martins Pais De Carlos (born 2 April 1989) is a semi-professional Portuguese footballer who plays as a winger for Isthmian League North Division club Grays Athletic in England.

## Football career

Carlos played non-League football for Clapton and Brentwood Town, before signing for Aveley in 2008. He signed for Dagenham & Redbridge on non-contract terms at the start of November 2009. Carlos made his debut for Dagenham & Redbridge on 20 February 2010, in the 3–1 away defeat to Rochdale, replacing Jon Nurse as a substitute in the 75th minute.
In August 2010, Carlos re-signed for Isthmian League Division One North club Brentwood Town alongside Ryan Doyle, before moving to Conference South side Thurrock in October 2010. He went on to sign for Isthmian League Division One North club Grays Athletic in June 2011. At the end of the 2011–12 season, Carlos was voted as Club Player of the Year, voted for by club officials.
Carlos signed for National League South club Concord Rangers on 22 March 2016 on dual registration terms from Grays Athletic. He went on to sign for the club on a permanent basis the following season, before returning to Grays Athletic on 11 December 2016 alongside Luke Wilson. Carlos left the club in July 2021 having amassed over 400 appearances for the club.

## Playing style

John Still described Carlos as "a tricky winger who likes to run at people and wants to beat them".
# Machapunga

The Machapunga were a small Algonquian language–speaking Native American tribe from coastal northeastern North Carolina. They were part of the Secotan people. They were a group from the Powhatan Confederacy who migrated from present-day Virginia.
Machpunga is also the name of an early 16th-century village on the Potomac River and of an 18th-century Powhatan Confederacy village in Northampton County, Virginia.

## Name

Anthropologist John Reed Swanton wrote that Machapunga meant "bad dust" or "much dirt" in their Algonquian language.

## Language

The spoke an Carolina Algonquian language which became extinct.

## Territory

The Machapunga lived in what is now Hyde County, North Carolina. Their lands may have extended into present-day Beaufort, North Carolina, as well as Washington, Tyrrell, and Dare counties.
In 1700 and 1701, the Machapunga maintained a village named Mattamuskeet. It held 30 warriors and was likely located on the shore of Mattamuskeet Lake in present-day Hyde County.

## History

Early 20th-century ethnographer Frank Speck believed that the historical Machapunga and other Algonquian tribes in North Carolina had probably been earlier connected to the larger population based in coastal Virginia. He believed the tribes in North Carolina were part of an early and large Algonquian migration south after European contact. He noted the presence of Algonquian-speaking tribes on the Northeast coast and in eastern and central Canada.

### 16th century

When the British founded their colonist on Roanoke Island that lasted from 1586 to 1685, displaced Secotan people moved in with the Machapunga.

### 17th century

Ethnographer James Mooney estimated in 1600 there were 1,200 Machapunga and related tribes.

### 18th century

By 1701, the Machapunga consolidated into a single village named Mattamuskeet. In 1701, English explorer John Lawson wrote that the tribe had about 100 members.
In 1711 they participated in the Tuscarora War against the colonists. By 1715, the English colonists assigned a tract of land on Mattamuskeet Lake to the surviving Machapunga and Coree, who lived in a single village. The Coree soon left and joined the Tuscaroras.
From 1718 to 1746, John Squires emerged as a leader on the tract, or Mattamuskeet reservation. John Mackey and Long Tom served as his advisors. His son Charles Squires followed him as a leader; however, his influence declined from 1752 to 1760. A deed to the Mattamuskeet reservation was signed by six Machapunga men in 1761. Even before 1727, Machapunga residents began selling their land until 1761, which the land had all been sold.
Scattered Machapunga families still resided in North Carolina in 1761. Then missionary Rev. Alexander Stewart founded a school for eight Native children and two African-American children. Roanoke and Hatteras people moved into the area. Stewart wrote that he had baptized seven "Attamuskeet, Hatteras, and Roanoke" adults and children. In 1763, he baptized 21 more Native people from that region.
The Machapunga ultimately became extinct as a tribe in the 18th century.
# Peace of Pressburg (1805)

The Peace of Pressburg was signed in Pressburg (today Bratislava) on 26 December 1805 between French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte and Holy Roman Emperor Francis II, as a consequence of the French victory over the Russians and Austrians at the Battle of Austerlitz (2 December). A truce was agreed on 4 December, and negotiations for the treaty began. The treaty was signed by Johann I Joseph, Prince of Liechtenstein, and the Hungarian Count Ignác Gyulay for the Austrian Empire and Charles Maurice de Talleyrand for France.
Beyond the clauses establishing "peace and amity" and the Austrian withdrawal from the Third Coalition, the treaty also mandated substantial territorial concessions by the Austrian Empire. The French gains of the previous treaties of Campo Formio and Lunéville were reiterated, while recent Austrian acquisitions in Italy and southern Germany were ceded to France and Bavaria, respectively. The scattered Austrian holdings in Swabia were passed to French allies – the King of Württemberg, and the Elector of Baden – while Bavaria received Tyrol and Vorarlberg. Austrian claims on those German states were renounced without exception. Venetia, Istria, and Dalmatia were incorporated into the Kingdom of Italy, of which Napoleon had become king earlier that year. The Principality of Lucca and Piombino was recognized as independent from the Holy Empire. Augsburg, previously an independent Free Imperial City, was ceded to Bavaria. As a minor compensation, the Austrian Empire annexed the Electorate of Salzburg, which had been under Habsburg rule since 1803. The elector, the Austrian Emperor's brother, was compensated with the Duchy of Würzburg, created from territories of the former prince-bishopric.
Francis II also recognized the kingly titles assumed by the Electors of Bavaria and Württemberg, which foreshadowed the end of the Holy Roman Empire. Within months of the signing of the treaty and after a new entity, the Confederation of the Rhine, had been created by Napoleon, Francis II renounced his title as Holy Roman Emperor. An indemnity of 40 million francs to France was also provided for in the treaty.
Some remaining territorial issues, including the effective establishment of the new border along the Isonzo river, were finally resolved by the Treaty of Fontainebleau (October 10, 1807).