OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mussidan

Mussidan (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Moissida) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France. Mussidan station has rail connections to Bordeaux, Périgueux, Brive-la-Gaillarde and Limoges.

## Population

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1793 | 1,286 | — |
| 1800 | 1,176 | −1.27% |
| 1806 | 1,411 | +3.08% |
| 1821 | 1,630 | +0.97% |
| 1831 | 1,700 | +0.42% |
| 1836 | 1,953 | +2.81% |
| 1841 | 1,744 | −2.24% |
| 1846 | 1,862 | +1.32% |
| 1851 | 1,919 | +0.60% |
| 1856 | 2,028 | +1.11% |
| 1861 | 1,917 | −1.12% |
| 1866 | 2,070 | +1.55% |
| 1872 | 1,980 | −0.74% |
| 1876 | 2,062 | +1.02% |
| 1881 | 2,025 | −0.36% |
| 1886 | 2,037 | +0.12% |
| 1891 | 2,206 | +1.61% |
| 1896 | 2,215 | +0.08% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1901 | 2,284 | +0.62% |
| 1906 | 2,350 | +0.57% |
| 1911 | 2,416 | +0.56% |
| 1921 | 2,453 | +0.15% |
| 1926 | 2,449 | −0.03% |
| 1931 | 2,416 | −0.27% |
| 1936 | 2,653 | +1.89% |
| 1946 | 3,018 | +1.30% |
| 1954 | 3,006 | −0.05% |
| 1962 | 3,024 | +0.07% |
| 1968 | 3,048 | +0.13% |
| 1975 | 3,235 | +0.85% |
| 1982 | 3,236 | +0.00% |
| 1990 | 2,985 | −1.00% |
| 1999 | 2,843 | −0.54% |
| 2007 | 2,823 | −0.09% |
| 2012 | 2,908 | +0.60% |
| 2017 | 2,710 | −1.40% |
Source: EHESS and INSEE (1968-2017) :

## Roundup of 16 January 1944

On 16 January 1944, 35 hostages were arrested by the Germans for acts of resistance. They were deported to German work camps.

## Battle and executions of 11 June 1944

On 11 June 1944 Francs-Tireurs et Partisans destroyed a German armoured train at Mussidan station. During the fight, eight guerrillas and the train guard were killed. At the same time a convoy of the 11th Panzer Division of the Wehrmacht arrived from Bordeaux. The guerrillas were obliged to withdraw. As a reprisal, a detachment of the Gestapo from Périgueux led by Second Lieutenant Michaël Hambrecht, reinforced by a platoon led by Alexandre Villaplane, head of one of the five sections of the North African Brigade and former captain of the France football team at the 1930 World Cup in Uruguay, 350 men over the age of sixteen from the city and its surroundings were arrested. The village was plundered by the North Africans. In the evening, 47 civilians were shot near the town hall; five others were massacred in the street, including Raoul Grassin, the mayor of the town, and a councillor. Eight boys were under 18. Only two people survived despite their serious injuries. The Mussidan massacre constitutes the largest massacre of civilians committed in the Dordogne during the Second World War, the tenth largest in France. 115 inhabitants were deported.
These sufferings earned Mussidan the award of the 1939-1945 war cross on 11 November 1948, a distinction also awarded to eighteen other municipalities in the Dordogne.

## International relations

It is twinned with:
* Woodbridge, Suffolk, England
* Vigy, France; since 1990
# Fong Chan Onn

Fong Chan Onn (simplified Chinese: 冯镇安; traditional Chinese: 馮鎮安; pinyin: Féng Zhèn'ān, born 29 February 1944) is a Malaysian politician and a former Minister of Human Resources. He is a former vice-president of the Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA), a component party of the then-ruling Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition. He served as a Member of Parliament for Selandar from 1999 to 2004 and Alor Gajah from 2004 until 2013.

## Profile

Fong received his bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from the University of Canterbury in New Zealand. He went on to receive his MBA and PhD in Operations Research/Industrial Economics from University of Rochester, New York.
He began his career in the civil service as an engineer at the Kuala Lumpur Telecommunications Department. He later joined the Faculty of Economics and Administration at the University of Malaya, rising to become Dean in 1990.

## Political career

Fong was elected as the Member of Parliament for Selandar in the 1990, 1995, 1999 general elections and for Alor Gajah constituency in the 2004, 2008 general elections .
Fong became an MCA vice-president in 1996, but stepped down after the 2008 MCA elections when he lost his bid for re-election.
From 1990 to 1999, he served as Deputy Minister of Education. Following the 1999 general elections, Fong was appointed Minister of Human Resources by Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad. He remained in that ministry until 2008, when he left the Cabinet, and retired from Parliament at the 2013 election.
Post retirement, he became the Chairman of Enterprise Asia, a non-governmental organisation (NGO) that is set up to champion entrepreneurship development in Asia.

## Election results

Parliament of Malaysia :
| Year | Constituency | Candidate | Votes | Pct | Opponent(s) | Votes | Pct | Ballots cast | Majority | Turnout |
| 1990 | P111 Selandar | Fong Chan Onn (MCA) | 19,120 | 68.68% | Samat Abdullah (S46) | 8,719 | 31.32% | 28,737 | 10,401 | 75.66% |
| 1995 | P121 Selandar | Fong Chan Onn (MCA) | 28,366 | 84.54% | Burkhan Abdullah (S46) | 5,186 | 15.46% | 35,160 | 23,180 | 73.80% |
| 1999 | P121 Selandar | Fong Chan Onn (MCA) | 23,055 | 65.18% | Chua Tian Chang (keADILan) | 12,316 | 34.82% | 36,525 | 10,739 | 73.70% |
| 2004 | P135 Alor Gajah | Fong Chan Onn (MCA) | 29,920 | 76.05% | Goh Leong San (DAP) | 7,372 | 18.74% | 39,343 | 22,548 | 76.26% |
| 2008 | P135 Alor Gajah | Fong Chan Onn (MCA) | 26,354 | 66.18% | Tan Lay Siang (DAP) | 13,470 | 33.82% | 41,854 | 12,884 | 77.37% |

## Honours
### Honours of Malaysia

* Malaysia :
** Commander of the Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia (PSM) – Tan Sri (2010)
* Malacca :
** Companion Class I of the Exalted Order of Malacca (DMSM) – Datuk (1993)
** Knight Commander of the Exalted Order of Malacca (DCSM) – Datuk Wira (2003)
** Grand Commander of the Exalted Order of Malacca (DGSM) – Datuk Seri (2005)

## Personal life

Fong is also an avid photographer and has won awards for his images. For two consecutive years he has won The Societies Photographer of Year (2018 and 2019) gaining international success for his photography.
# Charlie Tear

Charles Joseph Tear (born 12 June 2004) is a Scottish cricketer who played as wicket-keeper-batter for Scotland. He also played for Scotland national under-19 cricket team in the 2022 Under-19 Men's Cricket World Cup.

## Domestic career

In May 2022, Tear signed his first professional contract with Sussex. He made his first-class debut for Sussex against Durham in 2022 County Championship on 20 September 2022. He made his List A debut for Sussex against Gloucestershire in 2022 One-Day Cup on 18 August 2023.
In April 2024 Gloucestershire signed him on loan from Sussex for two weeks.

## International career

In February 2024, he was named in Scotland's ODI squad for the 2024 United Arab Emirates Tri-Nation Series which was the part of 2023–2027 ICC Cricket World Cup League 2. He made his One Day International debut against United Arab Emirates on 3 March 2024, in ICC Cricket World Cup League 2. In the same month he was named in Scotland's T20I squad for the series against UAE. He made his Twenty20 International debut against United Arab Emirates at Dubai International Cricket Stadium, on 13 March 2024.
In May 2024, he was named in Scotland’s squad for the 2024 ICC Men's T20 World Cup tournament.
# Battle of Placito

The Battle of Placito or Battle of the Placito was an engagement between ethnic Mexican settlers, Confederate soldiers and Apache warriors. It took place at the village of Placitas (present-day Lincoln) in Confederate Arizona. The action is a part of the Apache Wars of the mid to late nineteenth century.

## Background

Following the Gallinas massacre, Lieutenant John Pulliam of the Confederate garrison at Fort Stanton returned from his patrol in the Gallinas Mountains where he had searched for the three dead soldiers, massacred a week earlier. He arrived at Fort Stanton on September 8, 1861. That same evening, a dispatch arrived from the Placito, a Spanish-era settlement occupied by Mexican settlers. The dispatch detailed a current Apache assault on the town, ten miles below the fort. Pulliam was ordered to proceed to the village with fifteen men to help protect its citizens.

## Battle

Pulliam and his 15 men arrived at Placito that night. The Confederates and an unknown number of Mexican men drove the Apaches out of town and then fought off the Apaches all night at a further range. Eventually, the natives gave up and retreated back into the surrounding desert. Casualties are unknown, except for the Apaches who suffered at least five men killed by Pulliam's squad. An unknown number of Apache wounded escaped the fighting. Pulliam and his men arrived back at Fort Stanton the following afternoon.
# Fanny Garrido

Francisca González Garrido (1 September 1846 – 11 September 1917), better known as Fanny Garrido, was a Galician writer and translator.

## Biography

Fanny Garrido was born in A Coruña in 1846, to military doctor Francisco González Garrido del Amo and Josefa García Cuenca. She married the composer Marcial del Adalid, who musicalized many of her poems. In 1873 she gave birth to their daughter, María del Adalid, who became a noted painter. After the death of her husband, Garrido married Lugo chemist José Rodríguez Mourelo [es].
She contributed to the Madrid newspapers Galicia and El Correo, writing under the pseudonym Eulalia de Liáns. The most notable of her works is the autobiographical novel Escaramuzas, published in 1885, which she dedicated to her friend Emilia Pardo Bazán (with whom she had co-founded the Galician Folklore Society in 1884). She was also a translator of the German poets Heinrich Heine and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.

## Honors

Fanny Garrido was a correspondent of the Royal Galician Academy.
In December 1971, a street was named for her in her home city of A Coruña.

## Works

* Escaramuzas, 1885
* La madre de Paco Pardo, 1898
* Batallas (unpublished)
# Pyrosilicic acid

Pyrosilicic acid is the chemical compound with formula H$_6$Si$_2$O$_7$ or (HO)$_3$SiOSi(OH)$_3$. It is one of the silicic acids and has pyrosilicate as its conjugate base.
It was synthesized, using nonaqueous solutions, in 2017.
    H$_6$Si$_2$O$_7$(aq) → 2 SiO$_2$(s) + 3 H$_2$O
Pyrosilicic acid may be present in sea water and other natural waters at very low concentration. Compounds formally derived from it, such as sodium pyrosilicate, are found in the sorosilicate minerals.
# Danila Vergeychik

Danila Vergeychik (born 9 February 2005) is a Belarusian professional footballer who plays as a defender for Belarusian Premier League club BATE Borisov II, on loan from BATE Borisov first team.
# Raunaq Kapur

Raunaq Kapur (born 6 February 2004) is an Indian-born Hong Kong cricketer. In November 2019, he was named in Hong Kong's squad for the 2019 ACC Emerging Teams Asia Cup in Bangladesh. He made his List A debut for Hong Kong, against Bangladesh, in the Emerging Teams Cup on 14 November 2019. Later the same month, he was named in Hong Kong's squad for the Cricket World Cup Challenge League B tournament in Oman. In April 2024, he was named in Hong Kong's squad for the 2024 ACC Men's Premier Cup in Oman. During this tournament, he made his Twenty20 International debut against the Saudi Arabia national cricket team.
Prior to his debut for the Hong Kong Cricket Team, he also played for the Hong Kong Under-19 National cricket-team at the Asian Cricket Council's Eastern Region tournament in July 2019, in which he won the award for Best Bowler of the tournament. Kapur took 11 wickets with a bowling average of 6.36, including one five-wicket haul. At the age of 14, he had also previously played for the Hong Kong Under-19 National cricket-team at the 2018 ACC Under-19 Asia Cup.
# Kyushu Kyoritsu University

Kyushu Kyoritsu University (九州共立大学, Kyūshū kyōritsu daigaku) is a private university in Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan, established in 1965.
# Second Battle of Jaunde

The Second Battle of Jaunde involved the successful British and French assault on the German capital of Jaunde during the Kamerun campaign of the First World War. After the failure of the First Battle of Jaunde during the summer of 1915, the bulk of Allied forces had retreated to the Kele river. Following the Second Duala Conference where Allied commanders discussed the situation, it was decided that another assault should be attempted. Although the columns surrounding Jaunde were not in effective communication with one another, on 1 January 1916, British forces under Colonel Georges occupied the capital. By this time it had been abandoned by the German troops who had fled to the neutral Spanish colony of Río Muni. This Allied victory signaled the end of German resistance in Kamerun apart from the Siege of Mora which would continue for another few months.
# Mercers' School

The Mercers' School was an independent school in the City of London, England, with a history going back at least to 1542, and perhaps much further. It was operated by the Worshipful Company of Mercers and was closed in 1959.

## History

After the dissolution of the Hospital of St Thomas of Acre in 1538, the hospital's land was bought by the Mercers' Company, and the school was founded in 1542 under letters patent of King Henry VIII dated 18 April 1542. It is possible that the new school continued one that had been established in the hospital by an Act of Parliament of 1447, which may have dated back as far as the foundation of the hospital itself in 1190. At different times the school had several different homes in the City of London: Cheapside, Old Jewry, and College Hill (Dowgate); in 1894 it moved to Barnard's Inn, a site on the south side of Holborn.
The school was admitted to the Headmasters' Conference in 1935. It finally closed in 1959.
The passageway leading to the Mercers' School's porter's lodge and playground with Queen Anne headstone (which traditionally new boys were forced to kiss), the Headmaster's rooms and dining hall, with early flags and inscribed panel walls giving the names and dates of headmasters over the centuries, still exist at the Barnard's Inn buildings in Chancery Lane. The Guild of Mercers' Scholars was established c. 1947 as the "Civic Guild of Old Mercers", with the aim of encouraging former students to become Freemen of the City of London and join livery companies pertaining to their trades or professions.

## Former pupils

Those educated at the Mercers' School include:
* Sir Thomas James Barnes (1888–1964), lawyer
* James Boevey (1622–1696), merchant, lawyer and philosopher
* Peter Southouse Cheyney (1896–1951), crime writer
* Frederic George D'Aeth (1875–1940), social administrator and lecturer
* Cyril Dean Darlington (1903–1981), biologist
* Stanley Clinton Davis, Baron Clinton-Davis (born 1928)
* Sir Henry Ellis (1777–1869), librarian
* Sir Alfred Gilbert (1854–1934), sculptor
* Arthur Allan Gomme (1882–1955), librarian and president of The Folklore Society
* Sir Bradford Leslie (1831–1926), civil engineer
* Douglas Neil Kennedy (1892–1988), folk musician and dancer
* Peter Nailor (1928–1996), academic
* Robert Paynter (1928–2010), cinematographer
* Nicolas Roeg (1928–2018), film director
* William Lloyd Webber (1914–1982), organist and composer
* Edward Wynn (1889–1956), bishop
* John Young (c. 1532–1605), bishop
# Odette Roy Fombrun

Odette Roy Fombrun (13 June 1917 – 23 December 2022) was a Haitian writer and intellectual.

## Biography

Born in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, she graduated in 1935 from the teacher's training college, École Normale d'Institutrices, and in 1945 went to the United States to pursue nursing studies for a year in Boston, Massachusetts. She then opened Haiti's first kindergarten and first professional flower shop.
Fombrun was awarded a Doctor Honoris Causa in December 2002 from the Université Royale d’Haïti in Port-au-Prince (Haïti).
A prolific writer of fiction and non-fiction, she published textbooks, mystery novels, newspaper and magazine articles. Beginning in 1959, Fombrun went into exile for 27 years. Upon her return to Haiti, she was associated with the drafting of the country's new constitution, the organization Ligue Féminine d'Action Sociale (Feminine League for Social Action), and the founding in 2007 of the Fondation Odette Roy Fombrun. She turned 100 in June 2017.
Her historical works include L'Ayiti des Indiens (Port-au-Prince: Deschamps, 1992) and Le Drapeau et les Armes de la République (Port-au-Prince: Deschamps, 1989).
Fombrun died peacefully in her sleep on 23 December 2022, at the age of 105.
# Johnny Nicholls

John Nicholls (3 April 1931 – 1 April 1995), better known as Johnny Nicholls or sometimes Jack Nicholls, was an English footballer who played as a forward. During his professional career he represented West Bromwich Albion, Cardiff City and Exeter City.

## Biography

Nicholls was born in Wolverhampton, Staffordshire. He lived with his parents in Lawrence Avenue, Heath Town and attended Springfield Road Senior Boys' School, Springfield leaving at the age of 14. His father, Sam was an ex-boxer. Johnny's footballing career began at local club Heath Town Wesley in the Wolverhampton & District Amateur Football League. He scored 44 goals in his first season 1947–8, and came to the notice of West Bromwich Albion manager Jack Smith. He joined West Bromwich Albion as an amateur in August 1950 and helped Albion juniors win the West Bromwich League and the Handsworth League Cup, scoring four times in the final. He turned professional a year later. In the 1951–52 season Nicholls had progressed to playing for Albion reserves in the Central League. His first team debut came as replacement for the injured Ronnie Allen at Blackburn Rovers in the Football League First Division. He won a winners medal with Albion when they beat Preston North End 3–2 in the 1954 FA Cup Final, also winning two England caps in the same year. In May 1957 he joined Cardiff City for £4000, but moved on to Exeter City just six months later. Nicholls stayed with Exeter until 1959. He died in West Bromwich in 1995.

## Honours

West Bromwich Albion
* FA Cup: 1953–54
# Ibaizabal

The Ibaizabal (wide river in Basque) is a river that drains southeastern Biscay to the Estuary of Bilbao. It is 43 kilometres (27 mi) long from its source at Elorrio to the Nervión, and it passes by the towns of Durango and Amorebieta and joins the Nervión river at Basauri. Both rivers run then together for a short length until they merge with the sea at Bilbao. It is disputed which river is the one that actually reaches Bilbao. It is commonly agreed that it is the Nervión, but there are some who argue that the Ibaizabal carries more water.
# Tamara Cardoso

Tamara Cardoso (born 19 March 1993) is a Luxembourgish footballer who played as a goalkeeper and appeared for the Luxembourg women's national team.

## Career

Cardoso has been capped for the Luxembourg national team, appearing for the team during the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup qualifying cycle.
# Battle of Kirpen Island

The Battle of Kirpen Island was a small naval battle fought during the Black Sea campaign of World War I. On 29 November 1915 the German U-boat SM UC-13 was shadowing five Russian merchant ships when she ran aground off the mouth of the Sakarya River in poor weather. Admiral Wilhelm Souchon, the German commander of the Ottoman Navy sent two gunboats to recover the wreck. During the following cruise, the three Russian Derzky-class destroyers Derzky, Gnevny and Bespokoiny encountered the gunboats Taşköprü and Yozgat. In the ensuing combat the Russian gunners fired accurately and quickly sank both of the gunboats off Kefken Island on 10 December 1915.

## Order of battle

Ottoman Navy:
* Taşköprü, gunboat
* Yozgat, gunboat
Russian Navy:
* Derzky, destroyer
* Gnevny, destroyer
* Bespokoiny, destroyer
# Mesite

The mesites (Mesitornithidae) are a family of birds that are part of a clade (Columbimorphae) that include Columbiformes and Pterocliformes. They are smallish flightless or near flightless birds endemic to Madagascar. All the species of this clade are listed as vulnerable.

## Description

The mesites are forest and scrubland birds that feed on insects and seeds; brown and white-breasted mesites forage on the ground, gleaning insects from underneath leaves as well as low vegetation. The subdesert mesite uses its long bill to probe in the soil. Other birds, such as drongos and flycatchers, will follow mesites to catch any insects they flush out or miss. Mesites are vocal birds, with calls similar to a passerine song, used for territorial defence. Two or three white eggs are laid in a stick-built nest located in a bush or on a low branch. The Mesitornis species are monogamous while Monias benschi is polygamous and, unlike the other two, shows significant sexual dichromatism.

## Systematics

There are two genera, Mesitornis (2 species) and Monias (subdesert mesite).
| Image | Genus | Species |
| | Monias Oustalet & Grandidier, 1903 | Subdesert mesite Monias benschi Oustalet & Grandidier, 1903 |
| | Mesitornis Bonaparte, 1855 [Mesites Geoffroy, 1838 non Schoenherr, 1838; Mesoenas Reichenbach, 1861] | White-breasted mesite, Mesitornis variegatus (Saint-Hilaire, 1838) Brown mesite, Mesitornis unicolor (Des Murs, 1845) |
Historically, mesites' phylogenetic relationships were not very clear; they have been allied with the Gruiformes, Turniciformes and Columbiformes.
Some phylogenomic studies support Pterocliformes (sandgrouse) as the sister group of mesites while others place this clade with another clade constituted of Columbiformes and Cuculiformes (cuckoos).
Columbiformes (pigeons)
Pterocliformes (sandgrouses)
Mesitornithiformes (mesites) :
Phylogenetic relationship of the mesites within Neoaves according to Stiller and colleagues (2024). :
# Research Libraries Group

The Research Libraries Group (RLG) was a U.S.-based library consortium that existed from 1974 until its merger with the OCLC library consortium in 2006. RLG developed the Eureka interlibrary search engine, the RedLightGreen database of bibliographic descriptions, and ArchiveGrid, a database containing descriptions of archival collections. It also developed a framework known as the "RLG Conspectus" for evaluating research library collections, which evolved into a set of descriptors used in library collection policy statements, last updated in 1997. The Library of Congress used the conspectus in 2015 in revising its own collection policy statement, and decided to retain this resource on its website, as a helpful scale for judging an academic collection's depth.

## History

RLG was founded in 1974 by four major research libraries: the New York Public Library and the university libraries of Columbia, Harvard and Yale; it was incorporated as a not-for-profit membership organization in 1975. RLG was established in part due to dissatisfaction among research institutions with the record-keeping of the OCLC library consortium.
In 1978 RLG moved its offices, which were originally in Branford, Connecticut (not far from New Haven), to Stanford University; and it adopted Stanford Library's BALLOTS computerized processing system. This system evolved into the online database RLIN (Research Libraries Information Network), which notably included bibliographic data representing JACKPHY (non-Roman) scripts. RLIN was generally used only by library specialists; in 1993 RLG developed Eureka as an interface for non-librarians.
In 1988 RLG moved its offices to Mountain View, California. In the meantime its membership had expanded to include other research libraries in the U.S., and by 1989 reached 100 members. In 1992 the British Library became the first member outside North America. As of 2003, RLG's membership included over 160 research institutions in 15 different countries.
In July 2006, RLG and OCLC officially initiated a merging of their organizations and resources. The completion of this process took place over a five-year period, through June 2011. RLG's catalog became part of OCLC's WorldCat. Its programs joined with OCLC Research to become OCLC Programs and Research. Eureka databases were migrated to OCLC's FirstSearch service. An RLG staff of reduced size was relocated from Mountain View to San Mateo, California.