OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Battle of Cañada

The Battle of Cañada was a popular insurrection against the American occupation of New Mexico by Mexicans and Pueblo Indians. It took place on January 24, 1847, during the Taos Revolt, a conflict of the Mexican–American War.

## Background

Insurgents, Mexicans and Pueblo Indians in New Mexico under the leadership of Chavez, Montoya, Tafoya and Ortiz, assembled a large force at La Canada, intending to march onto the American-held city of Santa Fe.$^{:140}$ They would be intercepted by the American garrison of Santa Fe, resulting in the battle.$^{:140}$
Colonel Sterling Price, commander of the U.S. forces in Santa Fe, heard of this insurgent movement on 20 Jan., having intercepted letters from the rebels, and assembled a force of 353 soldiers and militia to march north on 23 Jan., and intercept them.$^{:140}$ Price's force included Capt. McMillin's Company D, Capt. Williams' Company K, Capt. Lack's Company L, Capt. Halley's Company M, and Capt. Barber's Company N, 2d Regiment Missouri Mounted Volunteers, Capt. Agney's battalion of infantry and Capt. St. Vrain's Santa Fe volunteers, and Lt. A.B. Dyer's four mounted howitzers, while Lt. Col. Willock remained behind in command of the capital.

## Battle

On 24 Jan., Price met the large insurgent force on the heights along the road to Santa Cruz de la Cañada and three strong houses at the base of the hill.$^{:140}$ Price placed his artillery on the left to fire on the houses and bluff, placed his dismounted men such that they were protected by the stream bluff, and sent Capt. St. Vrain to protect his wagon train a mile to the rear until it joined him. Price ordered Capt. Agney to dislodge the rebels occupying the house opposite his right flank, followed by a charge up the hill, supported by Lt. White and Capt. St. Vrain.$^{:140}$ Capt.s McMillen's, Barber's and Slack's men took possession of the houses enclosed by a strong corral. Price reported, "In a few minutes my troops had dislodged the enemy at all points, and they were flying in every direction."

## Aftermath

Tafoya was killed, Chavez was later killed at Taos Pueblo, and Montoya was later caught and hanged at Don Fernando (today's Town of Taos, NM). Price camped on the field that night while the rebels retreated to Taos.$^{:140}$ On 29 Jan., Price met the insurgents at the Battle of Embudo Pass.
# Ondarroa

Ondarroa is a town and municipality located in the province of Biscay, in the autonomous community of the Basque Autonomous Community, northern Spain.

## Main sights

* Church of St. Mary, in late Gothic style (late 15th century)
* Likona Tower, a typical Basque tower-house.
* Itsas Aurre Bridge, designed by Santiago Calatrava
* Likona Tower
* Church of St. Mary
* Old Bridge
* Itsas Aurre Bridge

## People

* Pedro Maria Unanue (1814-1846)
* Txomin Agirre (1864-1920)
* Agustin Zubikarai (1914-2004)
* Karmele Urresti Iturrioz (1916-2010)
* Dina Bilbao (1960-1997) - athlete
* Ana Urkiza (b. 1969) - writer
* Kirmen Uribe (b. 1970) - writer
* Kepa Arrizabalaga (b. 1994) - goalkeeper for AFC Bournemouth on loan from Chelsea football club and Spain
* Iñigo Martínez - footballer for FC Barcelona

## Twin towns

* Santa Flavia, Italy
* Borj, Western Sahara
# Ernie Diehl

Ernest Guy Diehl (October 2, 1877 – November 6, 1958) was a Major League Baseball outfielder who played for four seasons. He played for the Pittsburgh Pirates from 1903 to 1904, and the Boston Beaneaters/Doves in 1906 and 1909.
He served as the head baseball coach at the University of Cincinnati in 1910.
Diehl also played tennis. At the Cincinnati Open he:
* reached two singles semifinals (1899 & 1903)
* reached two singles quarterfinals (1902 & 1904)
* reached the singles round of 16 twice (1900 & 1901)
* won two doubles titles (1902 & 1903, both with Nat Emerson)
* won one mixed doubles title (1902) and reached another mixed doubles final (1903), both with Winona Closterman)
* reached another doubles final (1900, with Nat Emerson)
# Balaustion polyandrum

Balaustion polyandrum is a species of flowering plant in the family Myrtaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is usually a shrub with egg-shaped leaves, the narrower end towards the base, and white flowers with about 30 stamens.

## Description

Balaustion polyandrum is a shrub that typically grows to 50 cm (20 in) high, the flowering branchlets with one pair of flowers. Its leaves are egg-shaped with the narrower end towards the base, 3–4 mm (0.12–0.16 in) long and 1.2–1.5 mm (0.047–0.059 in) wide, the lower surface narrowly keeled with one or two rows of oil glands each side of the midvein. The flowers are 15–17 mm (0.59–0.67 in) in diameter on a peduncle 3–4 mm (0.12–0.16 in) long, each flower on a pedicel 0.5–1 mm (0.020–0.039 in) long. The floral tube is 3–4 mm (0.12–0.16 in) long and 5–6 mm (0.20–0.24 in) wide, the sepals egg-shaped, 0.8–1 mm (0.031–0.039 in) long, about 3 mm (0.12 in) wide and deep reddish with a whitish border, and the petals are white, 6–7 mm (0.24–0.28 in) long, with about 30 stamens. Flowering has been recorded in October.

## Taxonomy

Balaustion polyandrum was first formally described in 2022 by Barbara Lynette Rye in the journal Nuytsia from specimens collected on Jaurdi Station in 1999. The specific epithet (polyandrum) means 'many males' referring to the many stamens.

## Distribution and habitat

This species of Balaustion grows in yellowish sand in low woodland and Acacia heath and is only known from the type location east of Koolyanobbing in the Coolgardie bioregion of Western Australia.

## Conservation status

Balaustion polyandrum is listed as "Priority One" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, meaning that it is known from only one or a few locations where it is potentially at risk.
# Cape York Telegraph Line

The Cape York Telegraph Line was a telegraph line built on the Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australia. It was completed in 1887 and stretched from Laura to Thursday Island.

## Construction

One of the more important events in the history of the Cape York Peninsula region was the construction of the Overland Telegraph Line. The northern section ran through very difficult country and the telegraph survey expedition was only the fourth overland expedition ever made to Cape York Peninsula.
The construction of the line was to be a major undertaking, commencing with the initial surveying expedition in 1883, led by John Bradfield, which was to take more than two years to complete. The actual construction work involved the clearing of a corridor approximately two chains wide, or around forty metres, with specially manufactured galvanised iron poles used to support the line. Once the telegraph line was completed, ongoing maintenance was important, with gangs of telegraph linesmen dedicated to its upkeep.
Work on the Cape York Peninsula section was completed in 1886, except for 90 km between Moreton Telegraph Station and Mein where telegrams were carried by horse and rider until the line was completed. The line consisted of galvanised cast iron poles designed to support a single wire.
Frank Jardine, after whom Australia's most northerly river is named, was given the job of arranging delivery of materials to work gangs along the line. During the wet summer season of 1886-87, only 35 km of line were built and 200 km of clearing completed to the last station at Mein.
The line opened in 1887 and it linked Brisbane as the capital with Queensland’s northern outposts as well as the rest of the world. This was a vital communication link, stretching from Laura at the southern end of the Peninsula to Thursday Island.

## Telegraph stations

A number of telegraph stations were constructed along the length of the line including:

### Cape York telegraph stations, North to South

* Paterson (Cape York) Telegraph Station
* McDonnell Telegraph Station
* Moreton Telegraph Station
* Mein Telegraph Station
* Coen Carrier Station
* Musgrave Telegraph Station
* Fairview Telegraph Station
* Laura Telegraph Station

### Other related telegraph stations

* Palmerville Telegraph Station
* Walsh Telegraph Station
* Somerset Telegraph Station

## Telegraph line closure

After more than 100 years of service, the line was closed in 1987, being replaced by microwave transmission. Tenders were called initially for removal of the wire, and later for removal of the poles and cross arms but insulators, wires and even poles had already been removed, many for use in stockyards, gates and sheds. A testament to the durability of the galvanised poles, which were reused without further coating, even though they were by this time 110 years old.
# Battle of Cockpit Point

38°33′31″N 77°15′51″W﻿ / ﻿38.5586°N 77.2642°W﻿ / 38.5586; -77.2642
The Battle of Cockpit Point, the Battle of Freestone Point, or the Battle of Shipping Point, took place on January 3, 1862, in Prince William County, Virginia, as part of the blockade of the Potomac River during the American Civil War.
After victory at First Battle of Bull Run, the Confederate States Army (CSA) established a defensive line from Centreville along the Occoquan River to the Potomac River. The Confederates used the Potomac’s banks as gun positions to halt Union traffic on the river, protecting Manassas Junction to the west and Fredericksburg to the south and to close the Potomac River to shipping and isolate Washington.
In October 1861, the Confederates constructed batteries at Evansport (now downtown Quantico, consisted of two batteries on the river bank, and another 400 yd (370 m) inland), a CSA field battery located at the mouth of Chopawamsic Creek where it empties to the Potomac (now the Marine Corps Air Facility), Shipping Point (now Hospital Point on Quantico, number of guns unknown), Freestone Point (a CSA four-gun battery on the shore of the Potomac River, now within Leesylvania State Park), and Cockpit Point (near the current asphalt plant, consisted of six guns (one heavy gun) in four batteries, a powder magazine, and rear rifle pits, on top of a 75 ft (23 m) high cliff known as Possum Nose). By mid-December, the Confederates had 37 heavy guns in position along the river.
On September 25, 1861, the Freestone Point batteries were shelled by the USS Jacob Bell (commanded by Lieutenant Edward P. McCrea) and Seminole, commanded by Lieutenant Charles S. Norton. On January 1, 1862, Cockpit Point was shelled by Anacostia (Lieutenant Oscar C. Badger commanding) and Yankee (Lieutenant Eastman commanding), with neither side gaining an advantage, though Yankee was slightly damaged.
Union ships approached the point again on March 9. A landing party from Anacostia and Yankee destroyed abandoned Confederate batteries at Cockpit Point and Evansport, Virginia, and found CSS Page blown up. The Confederates, in keeping with their general tactic of withdrawal from the sea coast and coastal islands, had abandoned their works and retired closer to Richmond, after effectively sealing off the Potomac River for nearly five months.

## Legacy

Prince William County is in the process of establishing the Cockpit Point Battlefield Heritage Park at Cockpit Point to open in 2017. The park will preserve 113 acres, including a 93 acre natural area with a pond. The park area has a 16 acre gun battery site along the Potomac River, including cannon emplacements.
# Battle of Middle Creek

The Battle of Middle Creek was an engagement fought January 10, 1862, in Eastern Kentucky during the American Civil War. It was the only battle personally commanded by future president James A. Garfield, then a colonel in the Union Army.

## Background

More than 1 month after Confederate Colonel John S. Williams left Kentucky, following the fight at Ivy Mountain, Brig. Gen. Humphrey Marshall led another force into Eastern Kentucky to continue recruiting activities. From his headquarters in Paintsville, on the Levisa Fork of the Big Sandy River, northwest of Prestonsburg, Marshall recruited volunteers. He raised a force of more than 2,000 men by early January, but could only partially equip them.

## Battle

Union Brig. Gen. Don Carlos Buell directed Col. James A. Garfield, the future president, to force Marshall to retreat back into Virginia. Leaving Louisa, Garfield took command of the 18th Brigade and began his march south on Paintsville. He compelled the Confederates to abandon Paintsville and retreat to the vicinity of Prestonsburg. Garfield slowly headed south, but swampy areas and numerous streams slowed his movements, and he arrived in the vicinity of Marshall on 9 January 1862. Heading out at 4:00 a.m. on January 10, Garfield marched a mile west near the Forks of Middle Creek, fought off the Confederate cavalry, and turned west to attack Marshall. Marshall had put his men in line of battle north and east of the creek near its forks. Garfield attacked shortly after noon, and the fighting continued for most of the afternoon until Union reinforcements arrived in time to dissuade the Confederates from assailing the Federal left. Instead, the Confederates retired south and were ordered back to Virginia on January 24. Garfield's force moved to Prestonsburg after the fight and then retired to Paintsville. Union forces had halted the Confederate 1861 offensive in Kentucky, and Middle Creek demonstrated that their strength had not diminished.

## Aftermath

The Battle of Middle Creek, along with the Battle of Mill Springs a little over a week later, cemented Union control of Eastern Kentucky until Confederate Gen. Braxton Bragg launched his offensive in the summer and fall of 1862. Following these two January victories in Kentucky, the Federals carried the war into Tennessee in February.
In October 1992, the battlefield was designated a National Historic Landmark by the National Park Service.
# Sandra Voetelink

Sandra Voetelink (born 7 August 1970) is a retired speed skater from the Netherlands who was active between 1988 and 1994. In 1992, she won a national title in the 1500 m and finished second in the 500 m and 1000 m. She competed in these three events at the 1992 Winter Olympics with the best achievement of 16th place in the 1000 m.
She married Leo Visser, also an Olympic speed skater.
Sandra was also briefly known in the UK as Kisha (The Starburst) in ITV's action/entertainment television show Ice Warriors (game show) in 1998. The series only lasted for one season but pitted various ice teams across the UK against Kisha and the rest of the Ice Warriors.
Personal bests:
* 500 m – 41.00 (1992)
* 1000 – 1:22.85 (1992)
* 1500 – 2:07.04 (1991)
* 3000 – 4:29.23 (1990)
* 5000 – 7:54.42 (1992)
# American Ranch massacre

The American Ranch massacre occurred in 1865 during the Colorado War. Cheyenne and Sioux warriors attacked a ranch near present-day Sterling, Colorado where they killed all of the male settlers and took three captives.

## Massacre

In the first winter of 1865, the Lakota Sioux and the Cheyenne were raiding in the Colorado Eastern Plains when they attacked American Ranch, about thirteen miles up the South Platte River. On the morning of January 14, two ranch hands named Gus Hall and Big Steve were crossing the South Platte to cut wood when around 100 natives on horseback appeared. A skirmish began and Big Steve was killed, Hall was shot in the ankle and was forced to defend a part of the sand bluffs by the river. Some of the warriors remained behind to harass Hall while the rest proceeded to American Ranch. At the ranch were Bill Morris and his wife Sarah with two young boys and five cowboys. The Cheyenne and Lakota charged in shooting and quickly set the buildings of the ranch on fire forcing the ranchers away from cover where they were killed. Sarah Morris was about to be killed when a warrior named White White saved her to keep for himself. The two young boys were also taken and one was later killed while in captivity. Gus Hall watched the massacre at the ranch from across the river but because of his wound, he was unable to do anything. One of the natives snuck up behind the wounded cowboy while he was distracted and shot an arrow that cut Hall's chest and landed behind him. Hall then shot and killed the bowman with his revolver.
After this, the Indians moved on to continue raiding so Hall had to walk twelve miles down the river to Wisconsin Ranch which was also attacked during the war. Though wounded twice in the foot and across his chest, Hall managed to survive the cold journey and eventually relayed his account of the event to the United States Army who arrived at Wisconsin Ranch soon after. At American Ranch, the soldiers found ten bodies, seven whites and three natives next to whiskey decanters. Hall later said that Bill Morris intended to poison the whiskey with strychnine because he suspected an attack and knew the Cheyenne and Lakota would drink his alcohol.
# 1868 Kirkcudbrightshire by-election

The 1868 Kirkcudbrightshire by-election was an uncontested election held on 30 January 1868. The by-election was brought about due to the death of the incumbent Liberal MP, James Mackie. It was won by the Liberal candidate Wellwood Herries Maxwell, who stood unopposed.
# Edah

    Edah, should not be confused with the Haredi communal body in Israel known as the Edah HaChareidis.
Edah was a Modern Orthodox Jewish organization, generally associated with the liberal wing of Orthodox Judaism in the United States and with the Religious Zionism movement of Israel. Its headquarters were located in Manhattan, New York City.
Edah's motto was The Challenge to be Modern and Orthodox”.

## Opening

Edah was founded in 1997 in response to what its founding director, Rabbi Saul Berman, called "the separatist trend in Modern Orthodoxy." It promised in its mission statement to "give voice to the ideology and values of modern Orthodoxy and to educate and empower the community to address its concerns."
Edah organized conferences, fellowships, and adult education programs, primarily in the New York metropolitan area, and to a lesser extent around the world. It also published the Edah Journal, an academic journal on Modern Orthodoxy and contemporary issues in the religious community.
The New York Times reported that Yeshiva University's biology department chairman, an ordained rabbi, "denounced Edah as 'outside the pale of Judaism'."

## Closing

In July 2006, Edah announced plans to close down its operations as a stand-alone entity. In a news release, leaders of the organization claimed that it had made significant achievements, but given limited financial resources available, a tactical decision was made so that its goals would be able to continue through other means.
After winding down operations, Berman took on an administrative position at Yeshivat Chovevei Torah (YCT), an Open Orthodox rabbinical school in New York City. YCT also assumed Edah’s journal, website, and audio-visual library.
The Edah Journal was rebranded as Meorot: A Forum of Modern Orthodox Discourse and its publication continued by YCT.
# Save River (Africa)

The Save River, or Sabi River (Portuguese: Rio Save) is a 640 km (400 mi) river of southeastern Africa, flowing through Zimbabwe and Mozambique. The river has its source in Zimbabwe, some 80 km (50 mi) south of Harare, then flows south and then east, from the Zimbabwean highveld to its confluence with the Odzi River. It then turns south, drops over the Chivirira ("Place of Boiling") Falls, and flows down the western side of Zimbabwe's Eastern Highlands, forming a dry river valley in the rain shadow of these mountains. It is joined by the Runde River or Lundi at the Mozambique border, forming a dramatic confluence at Mahenya. It then crosses Mozambique to flow into the Indian Ocean at about 21°S.
The Save River provided irrigation for sugar plantation, but now supports the cultivation of citrus, cotton, rice, and wheat. It is also a source of small-scale fishing for the local population.
It divides Mozambique administratively, politically, ethnically and ecologically:
* During the colonial era, the administrative units of the area south of the Save changed over time, but the longer lasting were the districts of Gaza and Inhambane; presently, the Save separates the provinces of Gaza and Inhambane to the south, from those of Manica and Sofala to the north:
* Politically, the "south-of-the-Save" can be considered the stronghold of Frelimo, while the region immediately to the north is, in general, more supportive of Renamo;
* The Save separates the ethnic groups that are native speakers of Shangaan (or Xi-Tsonga), to the south, from those that speak languages of the Shona group in the north;
* Ecologically, as the Save flows into the Indian Ocean, its mouth corresponds to the separation of tropical marine ecosystems, to the north, from the subtropical; the terrestrial ecosystems show less variation along the coastal plain north and south of the river, but inland where the Chimanimani Mountains start, a montane forest develops, which is completely different from the forests found in the south.
The delta of the Save River includes mangrove forests which span approximately 100 km (62 mi) on the Indian Ocean coast. Villagers in the delta basin use the mangrove forests for timber and small-scale fishing. The ecology of the lower Save River basin has been affected by cyclones, flooding, erosion, coastal flood and tsunamis.
Historically it was a transport route for gold and trade goods between the coast and the hinterland occupied by the civilisation of Great Zimbabwe in the 13th and 14th centuries AD.