OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# China–Korea Treaty of 1882

The China–Korea Treaty of 1882 (Chinese:中朝商民水陸貿易章程; Korean:조청상민수륙무역장정) was negotiated between representatives of the Qing dynasty China and the Joseon dynasty in October 1882. This agreement has been described as the Joseon-Qing Communication and Commerce Rules; and it has been called the Sino-Korean Regulations for Maritime and Overland Trade. The treaty remained in effect until 1895. After 1895, China lost its influence over Korea because of the First Sino-Japanese War.

## Background

In 1876, Korea established a trade treaty with Japan after Japanese ships approached Ganghwado. Treaty negotiations with several Western countries were made possible by the completion of this initial Japanese overture.
In 1882, the Americans concluded a treaty and established diplomatic relations, which served as a template for subsequent negotiations with other Western powers.
Two weeks after the United States–Korea Treaty of 1882, a military revolt called Imo Incident occurred in Seoul. The soldiers occupied Changdeok Palace, and the Korean government asked for military help from China. The revolt was suppressed by Chinese troops. After the incident, Chinese political influence over Korea started.

## Treaty provisions

The Chinese and Koreans negotiated and approved a multi-article treaty with provisions affecting Korean diplomatic relations with Western nations.
On October 1, 1882, Chinese representatives Li Hongzhang, Zhou Fu, and Ma Jianzhong signed the Sino-Korean Maritime and Overland Trade in Tianjin, China, with Korean representatives Jo Neng-ha, Kim Hong-jip, and Yu Yun-jung. From the outset, both sides established a guiding principle: Korea was a vassal state of China, autonomous but not independent. The Korean side fully agreed with this principle.
The treaty consisted of eight articles and granted the Qing government a series of rights in Korea, including extraterritorial jurisdiction (consular jurisdiction) and customs supervision authority, among others. It even placed the Korean king and the Qing government’s Beiyang minister on an equal footing. However, the preamble of the regulations stated:
"The Regulations for Maritime and Overland Trade signed this time are intended as a demonstration of China’s preferential treatment toward its vassal state. They are not part of the provisions uniformly applied to all treaty nations."
The Joseon-Qing Communication and Commerce Rules sought to mitigate the effects of increased diplomatic intercourse and expanded commercial relations with Western powers. The negotiated agreement caused unintended consequences.
# Andrea Bruno Mazzocato

Andrea Bruno Mazzocato (born 1 September 1948 in San Trovaso) is an Italian Catholic prelate. He was ordained to the priesthood in 1972. From 2000 to 2003 he was bishop of Adria-Rovigo and from 2003 until 2009 served as the Bishop of Treviso. In 2009, Mazzocato became the Archbishop of Udine.
# Vagn Loft

Vagn Loft (September 24, 1915 – May 10, 1976) was a Danish field hockey player who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics and in the 1948 Summer Olympics.
He was born in Copenhagen and died in Stengård, Gladsaxe.
In 1936 he was a squad member of the Danish team which was eliminated in the group stage of the Olympic tournament. He played one match in the consolation round.
Twelve years later he was eliminated with the Danish team in the first round of the 1948 Olympic tournament. He played two matches as forward.
# Kumaun University

Kumaun University is a state university headquartered in Nainital, Uttarakhand, India.
In 2017, it hosted the first Kautik Student Film Festival.

## Campuses

The academic wing of the University is spread over in two campuses (Dev Singh Bisht (DSB) Campus, Nainital, and newly constructed Sir JC Bose Technical Campus at Bhimtal) with an area of 5,31,373 sq.mt. (160 acres), the total built up area being 3,00,000 sq. mt.
The central administration office is in Sukhatal, Nainital.

## Rankings

The university was ranked 62nd in India by the NIRF (National Institutional Ranking Framework) in the pharmacy ranking in 2024.

## Faculties

1. Faculty of Arts (Drawing and Painting, Economics, English, Geography, Hindi, History, Home Science, Music, Political Science, Psychology, Sanskrit, Sociology and Tourism)
2. Faculty of Science (Botany, Forestry, Chemistry, Computer Science, Geology. Mathematics, Physics, Statistics, Zoology, Biotechnology, Information Technology and G.I. Science)
3. Faculty of Commerce (B.Com., B.Com.(Hon.), M.Com.)
4. Faculty of Management (BBA, MBA, P.G. Diploma in Tourism, MBA in Tourism, MBA Executive, MBA Rural Management)
5. Faculty of Education (B. Ed. and M. Ed.)
6. Faculty of Law (LL.B. and LL.M.)
7. Faculty of Technology (B. Pharma, and M. Pharma.)
8. Faculty of Visual Arts (B.F.A. and M.F.A.)

## UGC-Academic Staff College

The UGC-Academic Staff College, Kumaun University, Nainital was sanctioned by the UGC, New Delhi on 10 October 2006 and started its first orientation programme on 12 February 2007. In addition to conducting orientation programmes and refresher courses, the UGC-ASC undertakes a number of extension activities.
UGC-ASC Nainital conducted short-term courses (2–6 days) for the senior faculty and professional development programme for non-teaching staff.
# George Bennett (rugby)

George Henry Bennett (8 July 1913 – 31 August 1970) was a Welsh rugby union, and professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1920s, 1930s and 1940s. He played club level rugby union (RU) for Weston-super-Mare RFC, and representative level rugby league (RL) for Wales, and at club level for Wigan, Bradford Northern and Castleford (as a wartime guest) as a centre, stand-off, or scrum-half.

## Background

Bennett was born in Forden, Montgomeryshire, and he died aged 57.

## Rugby union career

Bennett started his career as a rugby union player, joining Weston-super-Mare in 1929. He left Wales due to the racism of the Welsh Rugby Union preventing him from playing for the national team, and signed for rugby league side Wigan in November 1930.

## Rugby league career
### Wigan

Bennett played stand-off in Wigan's 15–3 victory over Salford in the Championship Final during the 1933–34 season at Wilderspool Stadium, Warrington on Saturday 28 April 1934. He also played stand-off in Wigan's 30–27 victory over France at Central Park, Wigan, on Saturday 10 March 1934. Bennett played at centre and scored a try in Wigan's 12–21 defeat by Salford in the 1934–35 Lancashire Cup Final during the 1934–35 season at Station Road, Swinton on Saturday 20 October 1934. In December 1937, after losing his place as a first team regular, he joined Bradford Northern.

### Bradford Northern

Bennett played 151 games for Bradford, including the final of the 1944 Challenge Cup victory over Wigan.

### International honours

Bennett won three caps for Wales (RL) in 1935–1936 while at Wigan, becoming the first black man to represent a British national team at rugby league. In 1936 he was to tour Australia with the England team but was omitted to "avoid criticism" due to the colour of his skin.

## Note

George Bennet's surname is variously spelt with two T's as Bennett, or with a single T as Bennet.
# Joan Gardy Artigas

Joan Gardy Artigas (born 18 June 1938) is a Catalan ceramist and sculptor. He and his likewise ceramist father were close collaborators with Joan Miró.

## Life

Artigas was born on 18 June 1938 in Boulogne-Billancourt (near Paris) and his father was Josep Llorens Artigas who worked closely with Miró and Pablo Picasso. Artigas was able to work for Miró, whilst still a teenager, because of his father's relationship with Miró. Artigas trained at the Ecole des Beaux Arts in Paris where he met the Swiss sculptor Alberto Giacometti. Artigas established his own studio where at Giacometti's suggestion he concentrated on sculpture. Artigas had some success and supplied his expertise to the cubists Georges Braque and Marc Chagall.
When Artigas created the 7,200 tiles for the Miró Wall he coloured the tiles based on an image which Miró had created. Using that scale model, he marked out each section on an individual 20 by 36 centimetres (7.9 in × 14.2 in) tile. The artwork includes the signatures of both artists. Artigas' signature is dated 1979.
Artigas was later called to return to assisting Miró when his father decided to retire. His father had worked with Miró for twenty years creating large murals including examples for UNESCO, IBM and the Palacio de Exposiciones y Congresos in Madrid. Artigas worked with Miró on, Dona i Ocell, one of his last large works which was covered in broken tiles by Artigas. In this case the tiles remind the viewer of Gaudi's work.
In 1982 Antoni Tàpies won the Gold Medal of Catalonia for a mosaic in the Plaça de Catalunya in Sant Boi de Llobregat. Artigas had constructed the ceramics for this prize winning exhibit. Artigas continued his own art and he was awarded his first solo exhibition in America in 1982. He has been a visiting artist at two American universities and he has founded a foundation to celebrate his father's work. Gardy-Artigas serves on the board of the foundation Fundació Joan Miró in Barcelona.
# Cepheus OB1

Cepheus OB1 is an OB association around the cluster NGC 7380. The region is approximately 3,400 parsecs from Earth in the constellation of Cepheus, although many of its stars lie in neighboring constellations like Cassiopeia.
Cepheus OB1 contains dozens of O and B class stars, but the brightest members are cool supergiants and hypergiants such as V509 Cassiopeiae (HR 8752) and RW Cephei.
Prominent stars :
| Star | Spectral type | Notes |
| RW Cephei | K2 0-Ia | Variable, one of the largest stars known |
| V354 Cephei | M2.5 Iab / M3.5 Ib | Variable, one of the largest stars known |
| DH Cephei | O5.5 V / O6 V | Binary |
| HR 8752 | G0 Ia-0 | Yellow hypergiant |
| W Cephei | K0ep-M2ep Ia + B0/B1 | Binary |
| U Lacertae | M4epIab + B | Spectroscopic binary |
| WR 152 | WN3(h) | Wolf–Rayet star |
# Đorđe Višacki

Đorđe Višacki (Serbian Cyrillic: Ђорђе Вишацки; also transliterated Djordje; born in Belgrade, SR Serbia, Yugoslavia) is a rower from Serbia.
He won two medals at the World Rowing Championships.
He participated at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney and finished 5th in men's coxless pair.
Višacki is Secretary General of the Olympic Committee of Serbia.
# Heinrich Lützenkirchen

Heinrich Lützenkirchen (29 November 1909 – 11 March 1986) was a German politician (Christian Democratic Union of Germany) and mayor of Leverkusen from 1961 to 1964 and in 1979.

## Life

Lützenkirchen was born in 1909 in a part of Leverkusen today called Bürrig. He became a member of the commission for school and habitation in 1947 where he supported the opinion of the Christian Democratic Union of Germany. In 1956 he became also a member of the city council of Leverkusen until 1974, when he became advocate of the district government of Bürrig.
He also was the subsidiary workers' council of Agfa Gevaert AG in Leverkusen for years. He died in Leverkusen in 1986.
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 1414

United Nations Security Council resolution 1414, adopted without a vote on 23 May 2002, after examining the application of the Democratic Republic of East Timor (Timor-Leste) for membership in the United Nations, the Council recommended to the General Assembly that East Timor be admitted.
The General Assembly later admitted East Timor to the United Nations on 27 September 2002 under Resolution 57/3.
# Interstate 78 Toll Bridge

The Interstate 78 Toll Bridge (I-78 Toll Bridge) carries Interstate 78 across the Delaware River between Williams Township, Pennsylvania and Phillipsburg, New Jersey in the Lehigh Valley region of eastern Pennsylvania and western New Jersey in the United States. The bridge opened on November 21, 1989, and is operated by the Delaware River Joint Toll Bridge Commission (DRJTBC). As of 2008, the bridge carried an average of 56,100 vehicles daily.
The span has an overall length of 1,222 feet (372 m) and is a twin four girder span. A toll is charged only for traffic heading west into Pennsylvania. The toll plaza has four conventional lanes and two Express E-ZPass lanes. Just after the toll plaza is the Pennsylvania Welcome Center.
The jurisdiction of the DRJTBC for the bridge extends between the first interchange on either side of the bridge, which includes 2.2 miles (3.5 km) west along I-78 to just west of exit 75 in Pennsylvania and 4.2 miles (6.8 km) east in New Jersey to exit 3.

## Tolls

Tolls on the Interstate 78 Toll Bridge are incurred only by motorists leaving New Jersey and entering Pennsylvania. There is no toll for those leaving Pennsylvania and entering New Jersey. On January 7, 2024, tolls on the I-78 Toll Bridge increased to $1.50 for motorists entering Pennsylvania with E-ZPass and $3.00 for motorists entering Pennsylvania without E-ZPass.
# Kik Pierie

Kik Pierie (born 20 July 2000) is a professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Eerste Divisie club Excelsior. Born in the United States, Pierie represented the Netherlands at international level.

## Club career
### SC Heerenveen

Pierie started his professional career with SC Heerenveen, where he played three seasons with the club. He scored his first goal in a 3-5 loss vs. Feyenoord on 26 August 2018.

### Ajax

In April 2019, it was announced Pierie would join Ajax in the summer of 2019 having agreed a five-year contract. The transfer fee paid to SC Heerenveen was reported as at least €4 million.

#### Loan to FC Twente

On 16 July 2020, Pierie joined FC Twente on a season-long loan deal, having mostly appeared for the Ajax reserve team, Jong Ajax, during the previous season.
On 21 May 2021, it was announced that Pierie's loan would be extended for another season.

#### Loan to Excelsior

On 30 November 2022, Pierie agreed to join Excelsior on loan for the second part of the 2022–23 season.

### Excelsior

On 11 July 2023, Pierie signed a two-year contract with Excelsior, parting ways with Ajax, for the club from Kralingen, ahead of the 2023–24 Eredivisie season.

## International career

Since he was born in Boston, Pierie is eligible to represent the United States national team, but he has represented the Netherlands at various youth levels.

## Personal life

His father is former Dutch field hockey player Jean-Pierre Pierie [nl], professor of Endoscopic Surgery at University Medical Center Groningen. When Kik was born, Jean-Pierre worked at the Harvard Medical School. His younger brothers Take and Stijn Pierie were footballers too.
# 1885 New South Wales colonial election

The 1885 New South Wales colonial election was held between 16 October and 31 October 1885. This election was for all of the 122 seats in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly and it was conducted in 37 single-member constituencies, 24 2-member constituencies, seven 3-member constituencies and four 4-member constituencies, all with a first past the post system. Suffrage was limited to adult male British subjects, resident in New South Wales. The previous parliament of New South Wales was dissolved on 7 October 1885 by the Governor, Lord Augustus Loftus, on the advice of the Premier, George Dibbs.
There was no recognisable party structure at this election, the last election for which this was the case; instead the government was determined by a loose, shifting factional system. Dibbs had succeeded Alexander Stuart two weeks before the election was held, and maintained a fragile grip on power after the election until 22 December, when he was defeated by Sir John Robertson.

## Key dates

| Date | Event |
| 7 October 1885 | The Legislative Assembly was dissolved, and writs were issued by the Governor to proceed with an election. |
| 13 October to 24 October 1885 | Nominations for candidates for the election closed. |
| 16 October to 31 October 1885 | Polling days. |
| 17 November 1885 | Opening of new Parliament. |

## Results

New South Wales colonial election, 16 – 31 October 1885  Legislative Assembly
<< 1882–1887 >> :
| Enrolled voters | Enrolled voters | 232,390 | | | | |
| Votes cast | Votes cast | 129,888 | | Turnout | 61.10 | +4.41 |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | 2,669 | | Informal | 2.01 | −0.09 |
| Summary of votes by party |||||||
| Party | Party | Primary votes | % | Swing | Seats | Change |
| Total | Total | 23,899 | | | 122 | |
# Rudolf Andersen

Carl Rudolf Svend Andersen (11 August 1899 in Copenhagen, Denmark – 7 July 1983 in Copenhagen, Denmark) was a Danish gymnast who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics. He was part of the Danish team, which was able to win the gold medal in the gymnastics men's team, free system event in 1920.
# Architectural photographers

Early architectural photographers include Roger Fenton, Francis Frith (Middle East and Britain), Samuel Bourne, Inclined Studio (India) and Albert Levy (United States and Europe). They paved the way for the modern speciality of architectural photography. Later architectural photography had practitioners such as Ezra Stoller and Julius Shulman. Stoller worked mainly on the east coast of America, having graduated with a degree in architecture in the 1930s. Shulman, who was based on the West Coast, became an architectural photographer after some images that he had taken of one of Richard Neutra's houses in California made their way onto the architect's desk.

## Notable architectural photographers

* Berenice Abbott
* Eugène Atget
* James Austin
* Iwan Baan
* Bernd and Hilla Becher
* Hélène Binet (b. 1959)
* Bill Hedrich
* Hedrich Blessing Photographers
* Jack Boucher
* Sergio Castiglione
* Phyllis Dearborn
* Frederick H. Evans
* Lucien Hervé
* Carol M. Highsmith
* Candida Höfer
* Balthazar Korab
* Julien Lanoo
* Bedford Lemere
* Jet Lowe
* Eric de Maré
* Robert J. Massar
* Duccio Malagamba
* Lucia Moholy
* Joseph W. Molitor
* Richard Nickel
* Andrew Prokos
* Tim Rawle
* Julius Shulman
* Wolfgang Sievers
* G. E. Kidder Smith
* Ezra Stoller
* Wayne Thom
* Pierre Trémaux
* Iwao Yamawaki
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 1415

United Nations Security Council resolution 1415, adopted unanimously on 30 May 2002, after considering a report by the Secretary-General Kofi Annan regarding the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF), the Council extended its mandate for a further seven months until 31 December 2002.
The resolution called upon the parties concerned to immediately implement Resolution 338 (1973) and requested that the Secretary-General submit a report on the situation at the end of that period.
The Secretary-General's report pursuant to the previous resolution on UNDOF said that the situation between Israel and Syria had remained calm with no serious incidents though the situation in the Middle East as a whole remained dangerous until a settlement could be reached. Furthermore, land mines in the area of separation also posed a threat to UNDOF personnel.
# Irish Bend Covered Bridge

Irish Bend Covered Bridge is a wooden covered bridge near Corvallis, Oregon, United States. It was constructed in 1954 and originally spanned a slough of the Willamette River on Irish Bend Road near Monroe. However, in 1975 Irish Bend Road was realigned and the bridge fell into a state of disrepair. The bridge was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. It was eventually dismantled in 1988 to make way for a more modern concrete span. Through negotiations with Benton County and Oregon State University (OSU), an agreement was reached to reconstruct the bridge on university property. $30,000 was raised by the Irish Bend Advisory Committee, and Benton County provided an additional $30,000 to fund the project, which was completed in 1989. Due to the relocation, the bridge was removed from the National Register in 1989. It was relisted in 2013.
Today, the bridge is part of a path through the research farm between 35th and 53rd Streets on the west side of the OSU campus, spanning Oak Creek. Although the property is owned by the university, maintenance is carried out by the Benton County Parks Department.
# Naomie Guerra

Naomie Guerra (born 1 June 1996) is a Trinidadian footballer who plays as a midfielder for the Trinidad and Tobago women's national team.

## International goals

Scores and results list Trinidad and Tobago's goal tally first
| No. | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1 | 15 November 2015 | Ato Boldon Stadium, Couva, Trinidad and Tobago | Saint Lucia | 5–1 | 8–1 | 2016 CONCACAF Women's Olympic Qualifying Championship qualification |
# Dai Royston Bevan

David "Dai" Royston "Roy" Bevan (2 January 1928 – 12 April 2008) was a Welsh rugby union, and professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1950s. He played club level rugby union (RU) for Oldham RUFC, and representative level rugby league (RL) for Great Britain and Wales, and at club level for Wigan, and Halifax, as a wing.

## Playing career
### International honours

Bevan won caps for Wales (RL) while at Wigan 1953 2-caps, and won a cap for Great Britain (RL) while at Wigan in 1952 against Australia.
Bevan also represented Great Britain while at Wigan/Halifax between 1952 and 1956 against France (1 non-Test match).

### Championship final appearances

Bevan played for Wigan during the 1951–52 season, but not in Wigan's 13–6 victory over Dewsbury in the Rugby Football League Championship Final during the 1951–52 season at Leeds Road, Huddersfield on Saturday 10 May 1952.

### Challenge Cup Final appearances

Bevan played on the wing in Halifax's 4–4 draw with Warrington in the 1954 Challenge Cup Final during the 1953–54 season at Wembley Stadium, London on Saturday 24 April 1954, in front of a crowd of 81,841, and played on the wing in the 4–8 defeat by Warrington in the 1954 Challenge Cup Final replay during the 1953–54 season at Odsal Stadium, Bradford on Wednesday 5 May 1954, in front of a record crowd of 102,575 or more.

### Club career

Bevan made his début for Wigan on Wednesday 2 April 1952, he played his last game for Wigan on Saturday 10 October 1953, he was transferred from Wigan to Halifax, and he played his last game for Halifax during 1956.

## Personal life

Bevan's birth was registered during first ¼ 1928 in Pontypridd district Following his retirement from rugby league, Dai Bevan lived in Middleton near Rochdale, and became a teacher at Moorclose School (now named Middleton Technical School), he died on 12 April 2008, aged 80, in Heywood near Rochdale. The funeral was on Monday 21 April 2008 at Rochdale Crematorium.