OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Juri M. Vasiliev

Juri Markovich Vasiliev (1928 – 2018) was a Russian cell biologist, working at the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, and Moscow State University. He was best known for his work on the movement of cancer cells.

## Early life

Vasiliev was born November 26, 1928, in Moscow. His mother, Nadezhda Sergeevna Vasilieva, was a psychiatrist. In October 1941, Vasiliev's family fled Moscow ahead of the German army's advance; his father died soon thereafter from a foot injury he had suffered on the journey. After the war, Vasiliev and his mother returned to Moscow, where his excellent academic performance in high school earned him entrance to the Medical Institute. There, he joined the laboratory of Leon Manusovich Shabad. Vasiliev later recounted his time in Shabad's laboratory as "one of the happiest periods of his life". During this time he married Lina Naumovna and they had their first children together.
In 1953, political purges resulted in the closure of Shabad's laboratory. However, Vasiliev was permitted to complete his thesis, and he received his medical degree. As relations with the West began to improve, the new President of the Academy of Medical Sciences, N. N. Blokhin, chose Vasiliev among a small group of young scientists to leave the Soviet Union for training. Vasiliev trained in laboratories in England and then in the United States.

## Scientific career

Upon his return to Moscow, Vasiliev began what would be a longstanding collaboration with the mathematician Israel Gelfand, and took up a position at Moscow State University. There his work focused on the movement of tumor cells in cell culture, the output of which included "his most famous paper", a 1970 description of the effect of colcemid on cell movement. This was the first demonstration that microtubules are required to stabilize the leading edge of moving cells. Vasiliev long held the position of Professor in Moscow State University's Department of Virology. In 1990, he was elected a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Over his career in academia, Vasiliev published over 200 works of science, authored several books, and advised 31 PhD theses and 12 medical doctoral dissertations.
# First Battle of Wawer

The First Battle of Wawer was fought on 19 February 1831, between Poland and Russia. Polish forces, led by Michał Gedeon Radziwiłł, were defeated by the Russian Pahlen and Rosen corps, commanded by Hans Karl von Diebitsch. In this battle, Polish commanders did not receive any reinforcements, unlike the Russians.
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 913

United Nations Security Council resolution 913 was adopted unanimously on 22 April 1994, after reaffirming all resolutions on the situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina and also Resolution 908 (1994). The Council discussed the situation in the safe area of Goražde and a settlement of the conflict.
The council expressed concern about the continued fighting around the city of Goražde and its impact throughout Bosnia and Herzegovina and the negotiations. The city was a United Nations Protected Area and the Bosnian Serb Army was strongly condemned for its offensive against it and the civilian population, in addition to attacks on humanitarian relief workers which were in violation of international humanitarian law. The Bosnian Serbs were condemned further for their failure to uphold commitments and negotiate in good faith. Obstacles to the freedom of movement and attacks on the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) were condemned, with the Council determined that it make full use of its mandate in resolutions 824 (1993), 836 (1993), 844 (1993) and 908 (1994) to contribute towards a durable ceasefire in the region.
Acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, an immediate ceasefire was demanded between the Government of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Bosnian Serbs, while attacks against Goražde were condemned. Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali was invited to ensure that UNPROFOR is able to monitor the situation, including measures to put heavy weapons under United Nations control. This allowed for the use of air strikes if there was no compliance with this provision.
The resolution called for an end to provocations in the safe areas and demanded the release of United Nations personnel detained by Bosnian Serb forces. The freedom of movement of UNPROFOR was demanded while a review of the number of required troops would take place by 30 April 1994. The Council underlined the need for a political settlement with close co-operation with the representatives of the United States, Russia, United Nations and European Union. Finally, further measures would be taken if required.
# Journal of Southern African Studies

The Journal of Southern African Studies is an international publication which covers research on the Southern African region, focussing on Angola, Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe, and occasionally also Tanzania, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Madagascar, and Mauritius.
# Indian Lake High School

Indian Lake High School is a public high school located in Washington Township, Logan County, Ohio, United States, near the village of Lewistown. It is the only high school in the Indian Lake Local School District.

## Athletics

Indian Lake High School is a member of the Central Buckeye Conference, Mad River Division. The school sponsors 13 varsity sports, including football, soccer, track and field, cross country, golf, bowling, basketball, cheerleading, baseball, softball, wrestling, and volleyball.

## Music

Indian Lake High School offers many performance opportunities, including Chorale, Concert Choir, Meistersingers (Show Choir), Vocal Jazz Ensemble, Marching Band, Symphonic Band, Pep Band, and Jazz Ensemble.
# Liparis brashnikovi

Liparis brashnikovi is a fish from the genus Liparis. The fish grows to a maximum of 15 cm (in total length). It is a marine fish that lives in the demersal zone. Distribution includes the Sea of Japan in the Northwest Pacific Ocean.
# John Ruddell

John Henry Ruddell (1859 – April 17, 1906) was a harness maker, realtor and political figure in Manitoba. He represented Morden from 1900 to 1906 in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba as a Conservative.
He was born in Halton County, Canada West, the son of George Ruddell and Christina Stewart, and came to Manitoba in the early 1880s to establish a harness-making business in Nelson. Ruddell later moved to Morden, where he established a real estate firm. He also served as mayor of Morden.
The town of Ruddell, Saskatchewan may have been named after him.
# Lyle Koenen

Lyle J. Koenen (born June 16, 1956) is a Minnesota politician and former member of the Minnesota Senate. A member of the Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL), he represented District 17, which included portions of Chippewa, Kandiyohi, Renville, and Swift counties in the southwestern part of the state.

## Early life, education, and career

Koenen attended Maynard High School in Maynard, then Willmar Technical College in Willmar, earning his A.A. in agriculture. He has worked as a dairy farmer and was also a milk truck and school bus driver. He has co-chaired the Chippewa County National Farmers Union since 1996.

## Minnesota House of Representatives

Koenen was first elected in 2002, and was reelected four times. He chaired the House Agriculture, Rural Economies and Veterans Affairs subcommittee for the Veterans Affairs Division. On May 21, 2011, he was one of two DFL representatives who voted with a majority of Republicans to send a constitutional ban on same-sex marriage to a 2012 referendum.

## Minnesota Senate

Koenen was elected to the Senate in a special election in 2012 to fill the seat left vacant after the death of Gary Kubly. He was sworn in on April 18, 2012. Koenen ran for reelection to the newly drawn District 17 in 2012, defeating incumbent Willmar Republican Joseph Gimse. He lost reelection to Republican Andrew Lang.
# Kurta Municipality

Kurta Municipality (Georgian: ქურთის მუნიციპალიტეტი, romanized: kurtis munitsip’alit’et’i) is a temporary administrative-territorial unit located in eastern Georgia, within the territory of Gori Municipality. It was established on December 6, 2006. Currently, it is under occupation by the Russian Federation.

## History

Based on the decree №2304-rs issued by the president of Georgia, Mikheil Saakashvili, on December 16, 2005, the reorganization of Georgia's districts was carried out, transforming the existing districts into municipalities.
The public legal entity "Kurta Municipality" (ID: 218065064) was registered as a taxpayer on November 17, 2006, and its official registration date is December 6, 2006.

## Local self-government

The municipality includes 10 settlements (villages): Achabeti (Zemo Achabeti and Kvemo Achabeti), Gujabauri, Tamarasheni, Kekhvi, Monasteri (Zemo Monasteri and Kvemo Monasteri), Sveri, Kemerti, Kurta, Dzartsemi, and Kheiti.
# Governor Janszoon

Governor Janszoon may refer to:
* Jan Janszoon (born 1570s), Governor of Salé (ceremonial) from 1623 to 1627
* Willem Janszoon (1570s–1630), Governor of Banda from 1623 to 1627
# Magahi Paan

Magahi Paan is a traditional crop variety of Betel leaf cultivated mainly in the Magadh division of the Indian state of Bihar. It is mainly cultivated in Aurangabad, Gaya, Nawada and Nalanda districts of southern Bihar.
Under its Geographical Indication tag, it is referred to as "Magahi Paan".

## Name

It is named after its place of origin, the ancient Indian region of Magadha located in the southern part of Bihar. The term "Magahi" originates from the word "Magadhi" (From the region of Magadha) which underwent phonological changes from Sanskrit. "Paan" means "leaf" in the local state language of Hindi.

## Description

India is home to diverse betelvine varieties, with Magahi being the most expensive and sought-after due to its tender nature. Magahi Paan, cultivated in the specific 4 districts, is renowned for its exceptional quality and premium price. This variety of betel leaf boasts a pungent, less fibrous, and easily soluble betel quid, along with an attractive shiny dark green color and distinct taste. Its excellent keeping quality further adds to its value. Its leaves are also the smallest among all paan cultivars.
Magahi Paan's cultivation serves as a vital source of livelihood for the Chaurasia community. The Chaurasia community, comprising small landholders and marginal farmers, has cultivated betel vine with expertise for generations. Magahi Paan is sold by betel growers in Paan Mandis (markets) in Gaya and Varanasi, typically in units of 200 leaves per "Dholi". Additionally, Magahi Paan is suitable for bleaching, which enhances its shelf life up to 30–35 days.
Notably, Magahi Paan has a sweeter taste than Bangala Paan from West Bengal. Due to its medicinal value, Magahi Paan is commonly used as a mouth freshener, antiseptic, stimulant, and cough reliever. This variety is prized for its soft, smooth, and glossy leaves, which are preferred by "Paan" (Betel Quid) connoisseurs and traders.
The India Post Eastern region, Patna had released a Special Postal Cover to commemorate the Geographical Indicator for Magahi Pan (Betelvine) highlighting the significance of Magahi Paan.

## Geographical indication

It was awarded the Geographical Indication (GI) status tag from the Geographical Indications Registry, under the Union Government of India, on 28 March 2018.
Magahi Paan Utpadak Kalyan Samiti from Bihar Agricultural University located in Bhagalpur, proposed the GI registration of 'Magahi Paan'. After filing the application in June 2016, the Betel leaf was granted the GI tag in 2018 by the Geographical Indication Registry in Chennai, making the name "Magahi Paan" exclusive to the Betel leaf cultivated in the region. It thus became the second Betel leaf variety from India and the 11th type of goods from Bihar to earn the GI tag.
The prestigious GI tag, awarded by the GI registry, certifies that a product possesses distinct qualities, adheres to traditional production methods, and has earned a reputation rooted in its geographical origin.
# Alsophila aescularia

Alsophila aescularia, the March moth, is a species of moth of the family Geometridae. It is found throughout Europe and can be a pest of fruit trees.

## Distribution

It is a well-known species distributed throughout the western Palearctic region except northern Europe, Corsica, Malta, Albania, and the Greek Islands. A few isolated populations live outside of Europe in northern and eastern Turkey, Caucasus, Transcaucasus, and Turkmenistan. Alsophila aescularia has also been reported to exist in the Hyrcanian relic temperate deciduous forests of Iran along the northern slopes of Alborz Mountain Range, called the Caspian Forest.

## Description

The wingspan is 25–35 mm. The colour of the forewings varies between pale brownish and grayish brown. There is a well-defined Usually dark brown central band. The lines are sharply toothed and on the opposite side to the band they are whitish. A prominent black dot is present on the hind wings. Darkened specimens are rare. In these the lines are extinguished or the butterfly is completely black. The females have no wings and are eight to ten millimeters long. The abdomen is brownish grey, the abdominal hair tuft is about two millimeters wide and thus narrower than the abdomen, which represents a differentiator against Alsophila aceraria. The palps are very short, the sensors are slightly toothed. The proboscis is stunted. The tibiae of the hind legs have four spurs that are very short in females.
The adults are active in March and April.

### Larva

The bright pale-green larva reaches a length of about 26 mm. It is characterized by a very smooth skin and a flat head. There is a dark green dorsal line and yellowish-white lateral lines. In contrast to other geometrid caterpillars, they have an additional rudimentary abdominal leg pair in the fifth segment. Long, spider's-web like strings hang from oak trees in the southern hemisphere. The larvae hangs from one end.
The larva feeds on a range of trees: apple (Malus domestica), European plum (Prunus domestica), Zwetschge (Prunus domestica domestica), blackthorn (Prunus spinosa), bird cherry (Prunus padus), lime (Tilia species), pedunculate oak (Quercus robur), sessile oak (Quercus petraea), northern red oak (Quercus rubra), field maple Acer campestris, sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus), elm (Ulmus species), hawthorn (Crataegus species), dog rose (Rosa canina), wild privet (Ligustrum vulgare), hornbeam (Carpinus betulus), beech (Fagus sylvatica), hazel (Corylus avellana), ash (Fraxinus excelsior), fly honeysuckle (Lonicera xylosteum), common buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica) and silver birch (Betula pendula).
# Tassilo Pellegrini

Prof. (FH) Dr. Tassilo Pellegrini (born 1974) studied International Trade, Communication Science and Political Science at the University of Linz, University of Salzburg and University of Málaga. Since the end of 2007 he has been working as a lecturer at the University of Applied Sciences in St. Pölten. He obtained his master's degree in 1999 from the University of Salzburg on the topic of telecommunications policy in the European Union, which was followed by a PhD in 2010 on the topic of bounded policy-learning in the European Union with a focus on intellectual property policies. His current research encompasses economic effects of internet regulation with respect to market structure and outcome. He is a member of the International Network for Information Ethics (INIE), the African Network of Information Ethics (ANIE) and the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Publizistik und Kommunikationswissenschaft (DGPUK). Beside his specialisation in policy research and media economics Tassilo Pellegrini has worked on semantic technologies and the Semantic Web. He is a co-founder of the Semantic Web Company in Vienna, a co-editor of the first German textbook on Semantic Web and Conference Chair of the annual I-SEMANTICS conference series founded in 2005.

## Selected bibliography

* Krone, Jan; Pellegrini, Tassilo (2012). Netzneutralität und Netzbewirtschaftung. Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlag
* Krone, Jan; Pellegrini, Tassilo (2011). The commodification of internet data transfer and its impact on public-sector AV online services. Network neutrality and broadband content. In: Issues of Business and Law, 6/1, 2011
* Pellegrini, Tassilo (2011). Semantic Web in netzbasierten Unterhaltungsmedien. Bausteine für eine Metadaten-Ökonomik. In: Müller-Lietzkow, Jörg (Ed.). Ökonomie, Qualität und Management von Unterhaltungsmedien. Tagungsband der deutsche Gesellschaft für Publizistik und Kommunikationswissenschaft. Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlag
* Pellegrini, Tassilo; Auer, Sören; Tochtermann, Klaus; Schaffert, Sebastian (2009). Networked Knowledge – Networked Media. Integrating Knowledge Management, New Media Technology and Semantic Systems: New York: Springer Verlag
* Blumauer, Andreas; Pellegrini, Tassilo (2008). Social Semantic Web. Die Konvergenz von Social Software und Semantic Web Berlin: Springer Verlag
* Pellegrini, Tassilo; Blumauer, Andreas (2006): Semantic Web. Wege zur vernetzten Wissensgesellschaft. Berlin: Springer Verlag
# David Whish-Wilson

David Whish-Wilson (born 1966) is an Australian author of nine novels and three non-fiction books.
He was born in Newcastle, New South Wales but raised in Singapore, Victoria and Western Australia. He left Australia in 1984 to live in Europe, Africa and Asia, where he worked as a barman, actor, streetseller, labourer, exterminator, factory worker, gardener, clerk, travel agent, teacher and drug trial guinea pig. David’s first novel in the Frank Swann crime series, Line of Sight (Penguin Australia) was shortlisted for a Ned Kelly Award in 2012, and his novel True West was shortlisted for a Ned Kelly Award for Best Fiction in 2020. He has since written three more in the series – the first three being published in Germany by Suhrkamp Verlag. David wrote the Perth book in the NewSouth Books city series, which was short-listed for a WA Premiers Book Award. David also teaches in the prison system in Perth and previously in Fiji, where he started the country's first prisoner writing program.
He currently lives in Fremantle, Western Australia, where he coordinates the creative writing program at Curtin University.

## Awards and nominations

* 2010 Ned Kelly Awards: Shortlisted for Line of Sight
* 2014 Shortlisted WA Premier's Book Awards for Perth
* 2015 Winner Patricia Hackett Prize for Fiction for The Cook
* 2020 Ned Kelly Awards: Shortlisted for True West
* 2022 WA Premiers Book Awards Fellowship: shortlisted
* 2022 ARA Historical Novel Prize: longlisted for The Sawdust House

## Works
### Novels

* The Summons (2006, Random House)
* Line of Sight (2010, Penguin)
* "In Savage Freedom" in Hard Labour (Crime Factory, 2012)
* Zero at the Bone (2013, Penguin)
* Perth (2013, New South Publishing)
* Old Scores (2016, Fremantle Press)
* The Coves (2018, Fremantle Press)
* True West (2019, Fremantle Press)
* Shore Leave (2020, Fremantle Press)
* The Sawdust House (2022, Fremantle Press)
* I Am Already Dead (2023, Fremantle Press)
# Mahmadu Lamine

al-Hajj Mahmadu Lamine Drame,also known as Ma Lamine Demba Dibassi, (died 9 December 1887) was a nineteenth-century Tijani marabout who led a series of rebellions against the French colonial government in what is now Senegal.

## Early life, education, and hajj

Mahmadu Lamine Drame was born between 1835 and 1840 at Goundiourou, near Kayes in what is now Mali. Educated in the Qur'an first by his father, a cleric, Lamine also studied at Tabajang in Casamance and Bunumbu in Kantora before later studying under Fodé-Mohammed-Saloum at Bakel.$^{:53,56}$ As a youth he participated in a jihad against the Tenda, but was captured, held for several years, and whipped.
Upon his release sometime after 1850 he traveled to Ségou, where he met Umar Tall and may have served him.$^{:56}$ Some time between 1864 and 1874, Lamine went on a hajj, likely leaving Ségou a while after the death of Umar Tall and returning between 1878 and 1880.$^{:57,62}$ Upon his return, he was imprisoned by Tall's son Ahmadu Tall. In 1885 Tall's son Madani freed him.

## Uprising

Lamine returned to the Upper Senegal and began gathering followers, his claims of friendship with the French notwithstanding. He soon proclaimed a jihad against Tenda. When Omar Penda, the new French-aligned almamy of Bundu, refused him passage Lamine and captured the capital of Boulibani in February 1886. In response, the French seized his wives, children, and belongings in Goundiourou.
* The political situation during Mahmadu Lamine's three rebellions
* 1886
* 1886-1887
* 1887
Between April 1st and 4th 1886, the marabout's forces besieged the French in their fort at Bakel, but the siege was broken by reinforcements coming from Kayes and he retreated south. The French, supported by Toucouleur and Moorish auxiliaries, burned a hundred villages in the area in revenge. Mahmadu Lamine's son Souaiybou, left behind to continue the fight in the Senegal river valley, was besieged for five months in the tata of Gori until April 1887. Upon his capture, he was court-martialed and shot at age 18.
Lamine re-established himself at Diana, in what is now the Tambacounda region. Quickly reorganizing his state, he re-invaded Bundu, killing Omar Penda on July 16th 1886. In December 1886, two French columns led by Lt. Col. Joseph Galliéni and battalion chief Vallière marched on the town. Although it was fortified by two tatas, Lamine and his troops abandonned it without a fight. On December 26th the French troops burned the town to the ground to punish the inhabitants.
Following this defeat, Lamine regrouped at Toubakouta in Niani, launching his next attack against the Kingdom of Wuli in July 1887. The capital was sacked and the king, another puppet of the French, was executed. Galliéni seized Toubakouta on 8 December 1887. Lamine again escaped, but was tracked down and captured by the forces of Musa Molo, king of Fuladu, a key French ally. Wounded in the fight, he died on the way back to Toubakouta. His head was brought to the French, and his skull currently resides in the Musée de l’Homme.
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 179

United Nations Security Council Resolution 179 was adopted on June 11, 1963. The parties directly concerned with the situation in Yemen agreed to disengage and the Governments of Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Republic agreed to pay the expenses for a UN observers mission over 2 months. The Council urged the parties to observe the terms of disengagement and requested the Secretary-General establish the observation operation as he defined and to report to the Council on the implementation of the resolution.
The resolution was adopted with ten votes; the Soviet Union abstained.