OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Günter Kuhnke

Günter Kuhnke (7 September 1912 – 11 October 1990) was a German submarine commander during World War II and later a Konteradmiral with the Bundesmarine, West Germany's navy. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross of Nazi Germany.

## Career

Kuhnke commanded the U-28, U-125 and U-853, sinking eleven ships on nine patrols, for a total of 42,252 gross register tons (GRT) of Allied shipping plus the special service vessel HMS Prunella. He commanded 10th U-boat Flotilla from January 1942 until October 1944, then 33rd U-boat Flotilla until May 1945.
Kuhnke joined Bundesmarine in 1955. commanded the destroyer Z-2 (D171) (formerly USS Ringgold (DD-500)) from 14 July 1959 until 15 November 1960. In 1966, he was promoted to Konteradmiral (rear admiral) in 1966. Kuhnke retired from service in September 1972.

## Awards

* Wehrmacht Long Service Award, 4th class (2 October 1936)
* Iron Cross (1939)
** 2nd Class (29 September 1939)
** 1st Class (1 October 1939)
* War Merit Cross 2nd Class with Swords (30 January 1944)
* Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 19 September 1940 as Kapitänleutnant and commander of U-28
* Grand Cross of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (26 June 1969)
* Grand Merit Cross with Star of the Federal Republic of Germany (30 September 1972)
# Harald Gelhaus

Harald Gelhaus (24 July 1915 in Göttingen – 2 December 1997 in Bochum) was a German U-boat commander in World War II and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross of Nazi Germany. As commander of U-143 and U-107 Gelhaus is credited with the sinking of 19 ships (including SS Clan Alpine) for a total of 100,373 gross register tons (GRT) and further damaging one ship of 10,068 GRT.

## Awards

* Wehrmacht Long Service Award 4th Class (5 April 1939)
* Iron Cross (1939)
** 2nd Class (31 October 1940)
** 1st Class (24 February 1941)
* U-boat War Badge (1939) (31 December 1940)
* U-boat Front Clasp in Bronze (1 October 1944)
* Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 26 March 1943 as Kapitänleutnant and commander of U-107
* War Merit Cross 2nd Class with Swords (1 September 1944)
# Ulrich Heyse

Ulrich Heyse (20 September 1906 in Berlin-Friedenau – 19 November 1970 in Flensburg) was a German U-boat commander in World War II and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross.

## Awards

* Wehrmacht Long Service Award 4th Class (4 October 1937)
* Iron Cross (1939)
** 2nd Class (11 February 1940)
** 1st Class (24 March 1942)
* Destroyer War Badge (19 October 1940)
* U-boat War Badge (1939) (24 March 1942)
* Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 21 January 1943 as Kapitänleutnant and commander of U-128
# Something to Think About

Something to Think About is a 1920 American silent drama film directed by Cecil B. DeMille. The film stars Elliott Dexter and Gloria Swanson.
Art direction for the film was done by Wilfred Buckland and art titles were done by Ferdinand Burgdorff.

## Plot

As described in a film magazine, David Markely's (Dexter) affection for Ruth Anderson (Swanson) followed her from childhood and deepened with her womanhood. He is a young man of means but a cripple, while she is the daughter of a blacksmith. David persuades her father to allow him to have her educated. When she returns from school, the father realizes David's attitude towards Ruth and plans their marriage. Ruth, against her father's wishes, marries Jim Dirk (Blue), the young lover of her heart. A few years later Jim is killed in a subway accident. Ruth returns to her father for forgiveness but finds him blinded by the sparks from his forge and on the way to the county poorhouse. He is stubborn in his unforgiveness of her. She is about to take her own life when David rescues her, offering the protection of his name for her and the child that is about to be born to her. As his wife she eventually realizes a great love for him which he refuses to admit is anything but gratitude. The preachings of his housekeeper (McDowell) have an effect that brings about the reconciliation of Ruth and her father, and through the little boy Bobby (Moore) he becomes a member of the happy household.

## Cast

* Elliott Dexter as David Markely
* Gloria Swanson as Ruth Anderson
* Monte Blue as Jim Dirk
* Theodore Roberts as Luke Anderson
* Claire McDowell as Housekeeper
* Michael D. Moore as Bobby (credited as Mickey Moore)
* Julia Faye as Banker's Daughter
* Jim Mason as Country Masher
* Togo Yamamoto as Servant
* Theodore Kosloff as Clown
* William Boyd (uncredited)

## Production notes

Something to Think About began filming on January 20, 1920, with a budget of $169,330. Filming completed on March 30, 1920. The film was released on October 20, 1920 and grossed a total of $915,848.51.

## Preservation

Complete prints of Something to Think About are held by the George Eastman Museum and the EYE Filmmuseum.
# Billie Creek Covered Bridge

The Billie Creek Covered Bridge is a Burr Arch structure that was built by Joseph J. Daniels in 1895. J.L. Van Fossen supplied the sandstone that makes up the abutments cut from A.E. Fuel's nearby quarry.

## History

This bridge was built to replace the open wooden bridge that had been built by famed bridge builder J.A. Britton, just 15 years earlier in 1880. It was built on what was then called the Pikes Peak Ocean to Ocean Highway, what would later become U.S. 36. The bridge was saved because it was later bypassed when the road was rebuilt.
Billie Creek covered bridge was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.
After being bypassed by the main highway it would become a tourist attraction when it became part of Billie Creek Village where it is still open to vehicular traffic and only closed at busy times of the year for traffic control.
# Andrzej Nowak

Andrzej Nowak may refer to:
* Andrzej Nowak (guitarist) (born 1959), Polish guitar player with TSA
* Andrzej Nowak (historian) (born 1960), Polish historian and professor at Jagiellonian University
* Andrzej Nowak (ice hockey) (1956–2013), Polish ice hockey player
* Andrzej Nowak (mathematician) (born 1952) Polish mathematician and professor
* Andrzej Nowak (psychologist) (born 1953), Polish psychologist and professor
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 1190

United Nations Security Council resolution 1190, adopted unanimously on 13 August 1998, after reaffirming Resolution 696 (1991) and all subsequent resolutions on Angola, particularly resolutions 864 (1993), 1127 (1997) and 1173 (1998), the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Observer Mission in Angola (MONUA) until 15 September 1998.
The security council deplored the deteriorating political and security situation in Angola, primarily due to the failure of UNITA to complete its obligations under the Acordos de Paz, Lusaka Protocol and relevant Security Council resolutions. Additionally, it noted that positive steps were taken to build confidence in the peace process.
The resolution welcomed the decision of the Secretary-General Kofi Annan to dispatch his Special Envoy to the country and requested the secretary-general to make recommendations regarding the future of the United Nations presence in Angola by 31 August 1998 which would be reviewed by the council. It demanded that UNITA immediately fulfill its obligations under the Lusaka Protocol and security council resolutions, including full demilitarisation and the extension of state administration throughout Angola.
Both the Angolan government and UNITA were urged to cease hostile propaganda, laying land mines, end forced conscription, co-operate with MONUA in its verification activities and make efforts towards national reconciliation. The government in particular was asked to ensure that the Angolan National Police refrain from activities inconsistent with the Lusaka Protocol and to respect UNITA as a political party. Finally, states were reminded to implement sanctions authorised in prior resolutions.
# GRB 020813

GRB 020813 was a gamma-ray burst (GRB) that was detected on 13 August 2002 at 02:44 UTC. A gamma-ray burst is a highly luminous flash associated with an explosion in a distant galaxy and producing gamma rays, the most energetic form of electromagnetic radiation, and often followed by a longer-lived "afterglow" emitted at longer wavelengths (X-ray, ultraviolet, optical, infrared, and radio).

## Observations

GRB 020813 was detected on 13 August 2002 02:44 UTC by multiple instruments on the High Energy Transient Explorer. The burst lasted approximately 125 seconds. The initial position was estimated to be at a right ascension of 19$^h$ 46$^m$ 38$^s$ and a declination of −19° 35′ 16″. In less than two hours after the burst had been detected, optical observations of the region were made with the Katzman Automatic Imaging Telescope which reveal the burst's optical afterglow. In the days following the event, observations were made by the Chandra X-ray Observatory, which detected a fading X-ray afterglow. The redshift for this event was approximately z = 1.254.

## Supernova relation

Previous to this burst, there had not yet been any concrete evidence linking gamma-ray bursts to supernovae, though it had long been hypothesized that the two phenomena were results of the same type of event. The spectrum of GRB 011211 was reported to include emission lines associated with the chemical elements magnesium, silicon, sulphur, argon, and calcium, which supported the theory that gamma-ray bursts are preceded by highly massive stars undergoing a supernova collapse. However, these results were considered statistically insignificant and somewhat controversial due to the low resolution of the instruments used. The spectrum of GRB 020813 was also found to display emission lines of elements associated with supernovae, in this case sulphur and silicon. This evidence confirmed the connection between supernovae and gamma-ray bursts.
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 1498

United Nations Security Council resolution 1498, adopted unanimously on 4 August 2003, after reaffirming resolutions 1464 (2003) and 1479 (2003) on the situation in Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast), the council renewed authorisation given to the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and French forces operating in the country to assist the peace process for an additional six months.
The Security Council reaffirmed the sovereignty, territorial integrity and independence of Côte d'Ivoire, in addition to the principles of good-neighbourliness, non-interference and co-operation. It was important that the Government of National Reconciliation extended its authority throughout the country and that a disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration programme was implemented.
The resolution extended the mandate of West African and French forces and requested both to report on the implementation of their mandates. Earlier in 2003, the council had established the United Nations Mission in Côte d'Ivoire.
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 1499

United Nations Security Council resolution 1499, adopted unanimously on 13 August 2003, after recalling previous resolutions on the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, including resolutions 1457 (2003) and 1493 (2003), the Council extended the mandate of a panel investigating the plundering of natural resources in the country until 31 October 2003.
The Security Council welcomed the establishment of a transitional national government in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, but noted that illegal exploitation of the country's natural resources continued to take place, particularly in the east. It recognised that the exchange of information and attempts to resolve issues would assist in the transparency of the panel's work, highlight the issue of the exploitation of natural resources and the connections with arms trafficking.
The Secretary-General Kofi Annan was requested to extend the investigative panel's mandate until 31 October 2003, when it would be due to report its findings. The resolution reiterated the council's demand that all relevant states immediately end the illegal exploitation of natural resources in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The panel was instructed to provide information to the concerned governments in order for them to take appropriate action.
The investigative panel named individuals and companies implicated in illegal activities and which further measures would be taken.
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 1771

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1771 was unanimously adopted on 10 August 2007.

## Resolution

The Security Council, condemning the continuing illicit flow of weapons within and into the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and reiterating its serious concern regarding the presence of armed groups and militias in the Eastern part of the country, today decided to renew the arms embargo on the country, and the travel ban and assets freeze on those in violation of it, until 15 February 2008.
Unanimously adopting resolution 1771 (2007) following a 10-day technical extension of the sanctions on 31 July, the Council, acting under Chapter VII of the Charter, decided that the arms embargo, which it first imposed by resolution 1493 in July 2003 and expanded by resolution 1596 in April 2005, should not apply to technical training and assistance agreed to by the Government and intended solely for army and police support units that were in the process of their integration in the provinces of North and South Kivu and the Ituri district.
By further terms of the text, the Council recalled that the embargo should not apply to supplies of arms and related materiel or technical training and assistance intended solely for support of and use by the country's army and police units, provided that the units had completed the integration process, operated under the command, respectively, of the état-major intégré of the country's Armed Forces or National Police, and were in the process of their integration in the country's territory outside the provinces of North and South Kivu and the Ituri district.
The Council also requested the Secretary-General to re-establish for a period expiring on 15 February 2008 the Group of Experts created to help monitor illicit arms flows into the country.
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 1770

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1770 was unanimously adopted on 10 August 2007.

## Resolution

Approving a 12-month mandate extension for the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI), the Security Council today expanded the world body’s political role in Iraq, aimed at bringing together the strife-torn country’s rival factions, gaining broader support from neighbouring countries, and tackling the deepening humanitarian crisis.
Unanimously adopting resolution 1770 (2007), the Council broadened the responsibilities of the four-year-old Mission, whose existing mandate expires today. Among other things, the measure authorized the head of UNAMI to "advise, support and assist" the Iraqi Government in advancing an "inclusive, national dialogue and political reconciliation", reviewing the Constitution, setting internal boundaries, and dealing with the millions of Iraqis who have fled their homes.
United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon immediately hailed the resolution’s adoption, telling the 15-nation Council that a peaceful and prosperous future was for Iraqis themselves to create, with the international community lending support to their efforts. The United Nations would be increasing its role and looked forward to working in "close partnership" with the Iraqi Government and people to encourage national political dialogue, help with humanitarian assistance and promote human rights.
# Forced suicide

Forced suicide is a method of execution where the victim is coerced into committing suicide to avoid facing an alternative option they perceive as much worse, such as being tortured to death, suffering public humiliation, or having friends or family members imprisoned, tortured or killed.

## In ancient Greece and Rome

Forced suicide was a common means of execution in ancient Greece and Rome. As a mark of respect it was generally reserved for aristocrats sentenced to death; the victims would either drink hemlock or fall on their swords. Economic motivations prompted some suicides in ancient Rome. A person who was condemned to death would forfeit property to the government. People could evade that provision and let the property pass to their heirs by committing suicide prior to arrest.
One of the most well-known forced suicides is that of the philosopher Socrates, who drank hemlock after his trial for allegedly corrupting the youth of Athens. The Stoic philosopher Seneca also killed himself in response to an order by his pupil, the Roman Emperor Nero, who himself was forced to commit suicide at a later date. Other famous forced suicides include those of Brutus, Mark Antony, Emperor Otho, and the Roman generals Varus and Corbulo.

## In Asia

The Hindu practice of sati, in which a recently widowed woman would immolate herself on her husband's funeral pyre, is not generally considered a type of honor killing. However, the extent up to which Sati was a purely voluntary act or one that was coerced is actively debated. There have been some incidents in recent times, such as the Roop Kanwar case, in which forced sati was suspected. Additional cases are under investigation, though no evidence of forced suicide has yet been found.
Some instances of Japanese seppuku fall into this category. The culture practiced by the samurai expected them to ritually kill themselves if found disloyal, sparing a daimyō or shōgun the indignity of executing a follower. This was especially the case in the Edo period, and Asano Naganori was a clear example.

## In Europe

Erwin Rommel, a German military leader during World War II, was implicated in a plot to assassinate Adolf Hitler in 1944. On Hitler's orders, two generals went to Rommel's home and offered him a choice of either going through a public trial (which would inevitably lead to his execution and the punishment of his family) or taking his own life by swallowing cyanide (in which case he would receive a hero's funeral and his family would be spared imprisonment). Rommel opted for suicide on 14 October 1944; details of his fate were confirmed by his widow and son after the end of the war.

## As a substitute for honor killings

A forced suicide may be a substitute for an honor killing when a woman violates the namus in some conservative Middle Eastern societies. In 2006, the United Nations investigated reports of forced suicides of women in southeastern Turkey.
# Hoseynabad-e Do, Sirjan

Hoseynabad-e Do (Persian: حسين آباد2) is a neighborhood in the city of Hamashahr in Pariz District of Sirjan County, Kerman province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, Hoseynabad-e Do's population was 206 in 48 households, when it was a village in Saadatabad Rural District.

## History

In 2011, the village of Saadatabad was merged with the villages of Deh Now, Dowlatabad, Hoseynabad-e Do, and Yahyaabad to be come the city of Hamashahr.
* Iran portal
# Itziar Gurrutxaga

Itziar Gurrutxaga Bengoetxea is a Spanish former footballer who played as a central midfielder for Athletic Bilbao.
She earned 37 caps scored 3 goals for the Spain women's national football team from 1998 to 2008.

## Honours
### Athletic Club

* Superliga Femenina (4): 2002-03, 2003-04, 2004-05, 2006-07.
# Yemanzhelinsk

Yemanzhelinsk (Russian: Еманжели́нск) is a town and the administrative center of Yemanzhelinsky District in Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia, located near the border with Kazakhstan on the eastern slopes of the Southern Ural Mountains, 50 kilometers (31 mi) south of Chelyabinsk, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: 30,216 (2010 Census); 30,202 (2002 Census); 31,153 (1989 Soviet census).

## History

Founded in 1770 as a Cossack village, it has been known as the stanitsa of Yemanzhelinskaya (Еманжелинская) since 1866. It became a coal mining settlement in 1930–1931, which was granted town status on September 25, 1951. It was one of the places closest to the hypocenter of the blast from the 2013 Russian meteor event.

## Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Yemanzhelinsk serves as the administrative center of Yemanzhelinsky District. As an administrative division, it is, together with three rural localities, incorporated within Yemanzhelinsky District as the Town of Yemanzhelinsk. As a municipal division, the Town of Yemanzhelinsk is incorporated within Yemanzhelinsky Municipal District as Yemanzhelinskoye Urban Settlement.

## Notable people

* Leontii Voitovych (1951–2023), academic historian
* Evgeny Bareev (b. 1966), chess grandmaster
* Irina Shayk (b. 1986), model
# Podbřezí

Podbřezí is a municipality and village in Rychnov nad Kněžnou District in the Hradec Králové Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 600 inhabitants.

## Administrative division

Podbřezí consists of three municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
* Podbřezí (354)
* Chábory (50)
* Lhota Netřeba (176)

## Sights

The main landmark of Podbřezí is the Skalka Castle. It was built in the Baroque style in 1736–1739, when the original Renaissance fortress from the end of the 16th century was completely rebuilt. It is inaccessible to the public.
A cultural monument is the Jewish cemetery with the oldest tomb being from 1725.
# Jesús Aranguren

Jesús 'Txutxi' Aranguren Merino (26 December 1944 – 21 March 2011) was a Spanish football defender and coach.
His 13-year professional career was solely associated with Athletic Bilbao, with which he played in nearly 400 official games, winning two Copa del Rey trophies.

## Playing career

Born in Portugalete, Biscay, Aranguren joined Basque Country giants Athletic Bilbao's youth system at the age of 16, from neighbouring Sestao Sport Club. On 18 November 1962, one month shy of his 18th birthday, he made his first-team – and La Liga – debut, playing the entire 2–1 away win against Córdoba CF, and finished his first season with 18 matches.
Aranguren would be an important defensive unit for Athletic in the following 11 campaigns, starting in 225 of the 229 games he appeared in the league and helping to win two Copa del Rey trophies. After no appearances in 1974–75 he retired from football, aged only 30; during his spell with the club he scored five own goals to another legendary teammate, José Ángel Iribar.

## Coaching career

Aranguren started managing at his only club, being in charge of its youth teams first then the reserves. Subsequently, he spent nine seasons in the second division, starting with another local side, Deportivo Alavés, and achieving promotion in 1987 with CD Logroñés, a first-ever for the Riojans; also under his guidance, they managed to retain their status the following season.
After one year with Sporting de Gijón, Aranguren managed Athletic Bilbao during fifteen games in the 1991–92 season, following the dismissal of his former club teammate Iñaki Sáez. With six wins, two draws and seven losses, he eventually placed the team out of the relegation zone (14th position).
In 1994, Aranguren returned to Alavés, winning promotion in his first year and staying with the team for a further two seasons, the second ending on 16 February 1997 following a 2–3 home loss against RCD Mallorca. In the following years, he worked mainly with Alavés' B-team; however, on 29 April 2003, he replaced Mané at the helm of the main squad for the final seven games of the campaign, which ended in top-flight relegation.

## Death

Aranguren retired from management in 2005, to care for his sick wife. On 21 March 2011, whilst accompanying her to a checkup in the Cruces Hospital in Barakaldo, he succumbed to a heart attack, dying at the age of 66.

## Honours
### Player

Athletic Bilbao
* Copa del Generalísimo: 1969, 1972–73; Runner-up 1965–66, 1966–67

### Manager

Alavés
* Segunda División B: 1994–95