OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Magevet

Magevet is a collegiate Jewish a cappella singing group at Yale University. The group's repertoire includes liturgical, traditional, and modern arrangements of Jewish, Hebrew, and Israeli songs. Each year, Magevet conducts domestic and/or international tours and numerous weekend-length tours throughout New England and the mid-Atlantic states. The group has also performed special concerts for Israeli statesman Shimon Peres and Rabbi Lord Jonathan Sacks.

## Name

The group's name is the Hebrew word for "towel." The group was allegedly founded in the spring of 1993 in a sauna in the basement of Calhoun College (now Grace Hopper College), one of the undergraduate residential colleges at Yale, by four Orthodox Jewish men who enjoyed the acoustics of the sauna and decided to form a singing group. "Magevet" was chosen as the group's name to remind its members of their early experiences together.

## Membership

Members join the group through the a cappella rush process at Yale University. This process begins when first-years arrive on campus in late August and culminates in mid-to-late September with tap night. Members audition and are selected for membership based on their singing ability and the musical needs of the group. Students typically join during their freshman year and sing in the group for their four years as undergraduates at Yale.

## Tours

Each year, the group embarks on concert tours. Internationally, Magevet has visited Jewish communities in Australia, Germany, the Czech Republic, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Belgium, France, Spain, Canada, Israel, South Africa, Argentina, and Chile. In the United States, the group has traveled to California, Florida, Illinois, Nevada, Arizona, Louisiana, Georgia (U.S. state), Michigan, Tennessee, Missouri, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and many other states. Throughout the Yale academic year, the group also embarks on weekend tours of the Northeast, including to New York City, Boston, Philadelphia, and communities throughout Connecticut and New Jersey.
On May 25, 2014, Magevet joined in solidarity with the Belgian Jewish community in the wake of the tragic shootings at the Brussels Jewish Museum.

## Repertoire

The group's repertoire is selected by the group's musical director (affectionately known as the "pitch"). Each new musical director chooses songs to add or remove from the previous year's repertoire, many of which are arranged by members of the group. The repertoire includes music from Jewish communities around the world, from the Israeli song "Yerushalayim Shel Zahav" to a version of "L'cha Dodi" based on a Jewish melody from Calcutta. The group sings in many languages, including Hebrew, Yiddish, Ladino, Hindi, Luganda and English.

## Discography

Magevet has released ten albums to date:
* Mem's the Word (1995)
* Ekh Hu Shar (1997)
* Amen, Selah (2002)
* K'mei Nahar: A Shabbat with Magevet (2003)
* Mik'tze Olam (2004)
* Divrei Shir (2008)
* Aranen (2011)
* Naveh Katan (2016)
* Afikei Mayim (2020)
* Refuat Hanefesh (2023)
# 1924 Constitution of the Soviet Union

The 1924 Constitution of the Soviet Union was the constitution of the Soviet Union adopted on 31 January 1924. According to British historian Archie Brown the constitution was never an accurate guide to political reality in the USSR. For example, the fact that the Communist Party played the leading role in making and enforcing policy was not explicitly mentioned in it until 1977.

## History of the Constitution

The 1924 Constitution was the first constitution of the Soviet Union and ratified by the Second Congress of Soviets. The 1924 Constitution legitimized the December 1922 Treaty on the Creation of the USSR between the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, the Byelorussian Soviet Republic, and the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic founding the Soviet Union. In essence, the 1924 Constitution was an expansion and generalization of the 1922 Treaty, with most of the major parts already specified by the treaty, and also allowed for a potential expansion of the Soviet Union. Whereas the original Treaty had only 26 articles, the 1924 Constitution now had 72 divided into eleven chapters. The 1924 Constitution replaced the Russian Constitution of 1918 which served as a precursor and influenced the main principles of the Union-wide constitution.
The 1924 Constitution established the Congress of Soviets to be the supreme body of Soviet state authority, with the Central Executive Committee having this authority during the interims and serving as the country's collective presidency. The Central Executive Committee also elected the Council of People's Commissars, which served as the executive branch of the government. The Central Executive Committee, effectively the legislature, was divided into the Soviet of the Union representing the constituent republics, and the Soviet of Nationalities representing directly the interests of nationality groups. The Presidium supervised the government administration between sessions of the Central Executive Committee.
The 1924 Constitution survived six editions until it was replaced by the 1936 Constitution of the Soviet Union on 5 December 1936.
# Battle of Zhangjiawan

Battle of Zhangjiawan (Chinese: 張家灣戰役) or Battle of Chang-kia-wan was fought by British and French forces against China at the town of Zhangjiawan (to the east of Tongzhou) during the Second Opium War on the morning of 18 September 1860.

## Battle

The combined Anglo-French force which had recently occupied Tianjin engaged a Chinese army numbering some 30,000-strong at Zhangjiawan. British cavalry won a battle against Mongolian cavalry, French infantry crushed the defence of Chinese troops, and British-French artillery inflicting massive losses on the Chinese Qing army.

## Aftermath

Since infantry was the worst part of the Qing army, the Qing commander-in-chief Sengge Rinchen decided to use his cavalry against the Anglo-French forces. The Battle of Palikao took place three days later.
# Pennathur Subramania Iyer

Pennathur Subramania Iyer (1860–1901) was an Indian lawyer and philanthropist who is best known as the founder of the P. S. Charities.

## Early life

Pennathur Subramania Iyer was born in Pennathur in Chittoor in the then North Arcot district of Madras Presidency. His father, P. Veeraraghava Iyer, had served as the Deputy Collector of Tinnevely.
While studying at the Presidency College, Madras, Subramanya Iyer's father died and he had to discontinue his studies. Subramanya Iyer sought employment in service of the government and soon rose to become Sub-Registrar of Tadpatri in Bellary district by 1878.

## Career in law

Following the advice of Sir S. Subramania Iyer, Subramanya Iyer studied law and enrolled as a solicitor.

## Politics

Subramanya Iyer served as the Commissioner for Mylapore division in the Madras Corporation from 1890 to 1901.
Subramanya was attacked by rheumatism in 1898. He succumbed to the disease on March 1, 1901.
# Jonathan Bumbu

Jonathan Bumbu (born 11 February 1999) is a French professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Italian Serie C Group C club Team Altamura.

## Club career

On 2 July 2019, Bumbu signed a professional contract with Amiens. He made his professional debut with Amiens in a Coupe de France match against Rennes on 4 January 2020.
On 1 February 2021, Bumbu joined Boulogne on loan until the end of the 2020–21 season.
In October 2021, Bumbu signed for Slovenian PrvaLiga side Radomlje.
On 23 July 2022, Bumbu moved to Cesena in Italy on a two-year contract.

## Personal life

Born in France, Bumbu is of DR Congolese descent.
# John Alexander (VC)

John Alexander VC (died 24 September 1857) was a British Army soldier and an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross (VC), the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to a member of the British and Commonwealth forces.
Born in Mullingar, County Westmeath, Alexander was a private in the 90th Perthshire Light Infantry (later known as The Cameronians (Scottish Rifles)), during the Crimean War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC:
On 18 June 1855 after the attack on the Redan at Sebastopol, Alexander went out from the trenches under very heavy fire and brought in several wounded men. On 6 September, when he was with a working party in the most advanced trench, he went out under heavy fire and helped to bring in a captain who was severely wounded.
He was later killed in action during the Siege of Lucknow during the Indian Mutiny in British India on 24 September 1857.

## The medal

Private Alexander's Victoria Cross is displayed at the National War Museum of Scotland at Edinburgh Castle in Scotland.
# Hunt Club Park

Hunt Club Park (French: Parc Hunt Club) is a residential neighbourhood in Gloucester-Southgate Ward in the south end of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. The Ottawa Neighbourhood Study defines the boundaries of the neighbourhood as being Johnston Road-Blohm Drive and Hunterswood Crescent on the north, Hunt Club Road on the south, Hawthorne Road on the east and Conroy Road on the west. The neighbourhood generally corresponds to Census Tracts 5050001.08 and 5050001.07 which had a combined population of 8,825 as of the Canada 2016 Census. The Census also showed 5 people living east of Hawthorne Road, an area generally not considered part of the neighbourhood, but part of the former census tract.

## History

Originally part of Gloucester Township, what is now Hunt Club Park was annexed by the city of Ottawa in 1950, though at the time it was just farm land. The neighbourhood began to be developed in the 1980s by Richcraft Homes, beginning in the west. The eastern part of the neighbourhood was re-zoned in 1987 from industrial to residential, and was completed within the decade. A further development was built near Southwood Park, north of Johnston Road in the early 2000s.
The name "Hunt Club Park" was first applied to the neighbouring Greenboro (also built by Richcraft) when it was being built in the 1980s. By the 1990s, Hunt Club Park was described as starting at Lorry Greenberg Dr, with Greenboro being north and west. The area south of Lorry Greenberg is now considered part of Greenboro.

## Demographics

Hunt Club Park has one of the largest Arabic speaking populations in the city, with 16% having Arabic as their mother tongue. English is still the largest language group (51%). French is the third largest language group (12%).

## Amenities

The main park in the neighbourhood is Elizabeth Manley Park, which includes a sports field, outdoor rink, a wading pool, ball diamond, pickleball courts, tennis courts, and a playground. Other parks in the neighbourhood include Southwood Park, Topley Park, Controy Park, Dossetter Park, Karsh Park, Calzavara Family Park, Ghosh Park and Forestglade Park. The Calzavara Family Park also includes an outdoor rink, ball diamond and a playground. Schools in the neighbourhood include Robert Bateman Public School and St. Thomas More School. The neighbourhood includes a number of Ottawa Community Housing properties, including Blohm Court, Cameron Court, Esson Place, Hunt Club Place and Karsh Court.
# Kostas Polychroniou

Konstantinos Polychroniou (Greek: Κώστας Πολυχρονίου; 12 November 1936 – 1 June 2018), better known as Kostas Polychroniou, was a Greek professional football player and manager.

## Career

Born in Platanistos, Euboea, Polychroniou's family moved to Athens when he was six months old. Polychroniou is considered as one-club man spending his entire career playing for the Greek giants Olympiacos F.C. making 305 appearances in Alpha Ethniki and a total of 662 caps in all competitions (also including 239 friendly games). He also earned six greek championships (1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1965–66, 1966–67) and 8 Greek Cups (1956–57, 1957–58, 1958–59, 1959–60, 1960–61, 1962–63, 1964–65, 1967–68).
Kostas Polychroniou capped 27 times for Greece.
He managed AEL, Rodos, Doxa Drama, Apollon Smyrni, Levadiakos, Olympiacos, Greece, Ionikos, Paniliakos.
# Aksana Dziamidava

Aksana Yauhenauna Dziamidava (Belarusian: Аксана Яўгенаўна Дзямідава; born 23 December 1993) is a Belarusian swimmer, who specialized in sprint freestyle events. She won a bronze medal, as a member of the Belarusian swimming team, in the women's 4×50 m freestyle at the 2012 European Short Course Swimming Championships in Chartres, France.
Dziamidava represented Belarus at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, where she qualified for the women's 4 × 100 m freestyle relay, along with her teammates Yuliya Khitraya, Sviatlana Khakhlova, and double Olympic silver medalist Aliaksandra Herasimenia. Swimming the third leg, Dziamidava posted her time of 55.94 seconds, and the Belarusian team went on to finish the first heat in seventh place and thirteenth overall, setting a new national record time of 3:40.67.
# Ladelund

Ladelund is a municipality in the district of Nordfriesland, in Schleswig-Holstein, in northern Germany.

## History

From November 1, 1944 until December 16, 1944, a concentration camp was established near Ladelund. The prisoners were mostly Dutch, Polish, Soviet, French, Italian, Belgian and Czechoslovak. In the six weeks of being in production 301 people died through hard labour, starvation and infection diseases. Among the deaths were also 111 Puttenaren, men from the village Putten in the Netherlands, who got deported during the Putten raid because the action was undertaken as a reprisal for a Dutch resistance attack on a vehicle carrying personnel from the Wehrmacht. It was one of the worst raids in occupied Netherlands during the Second World War. Ladelund was a subcamp to the Neuengamme concentration camp.
# Life in the Dorms

Life in the Dorms is a comedic point and click adventure game developed by American and Australian indie studio Moment Games and released in 2012. It is on the Xbox LIVE Indie Channel, and was original priced at 80 Microsoft points ($1).

## Plot

"Life in the Dorms" stars "a paranoid college freshman. Join Dack Peeples as he deals with typical dorm-life issues, such as attending orientation, meeting his roommate for the very first time, hunting down serial killers and kidnappers, performing open surgery…and discovering the many surprising uses for ramen noodles."

## Gameplay

As a point and click game, "Life in the Dorms" shares many staples of the genre including collecting items which are stored and used later to complete puzzles.

## Critical reception

Adventure Gamers rated it 2.5 stars, writing "You certainly won’t be missing a classic if you skip it, but for Xbox fans starved for adventure, Life in the Dorms is an admirable comedic effort that works enough of the time to consider its student-friendly price tag." In a negative review, Indie Gamer Ckick said "This is one of the most clunky, cumbersome, awful interfaces I’ve ever seen. It’s like Life in the Dorms is overdosing from that slow-motion drug from Dredd. I just want to move the plot forward with as little resistance as possible. Yet every rinky dinky action requires Dack to turn and face the camera to address the situation, in what I can only guess is an attempt to break down the fourth wall. " Rating the game a 6 out of 10, ThisIsXbox summed up its review saying "Life in the Dorms has its ups and downs. It has a pretty cool graphical style with sprites that sort of resemble Xbox LIVE Avatars. The storyline isn’t bad and most of the characters are unique rather than just flat cardboard cutouts. On the other hand, the game progresses at such a leisurely pace that if you aren’t already a fan of the point-and-click genre in general, you probably aren’t going to have much fun with this game. It doesn’t help things that the same background music just drones on and on and on the whole time."
# Peter Gill (VC)

Peter Gill VC (September 1831 – 26 July 1868) was born in St Paul's Parish, Dublin and was an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

## Details

Gill was approximately 25 years old, and a sergeant-major in the Loodiana Regiment, during the Indian Mutiny on 4 June 1857 at Benares, India when he (and Sergeant-Major Matthew Rosamund) were awarded the Victoria Cross for the following deeds:
   This Non-Commissioned Officer also conducted himself with gallantry at Benares, on the night of the 4th of June, 1857. He volunteered, with Serjeant-Major Rosamond, of the 37th Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry, to bring in Captain Brown, Pension Paymaster, and his family, from a detached Bungalow to the Barracks, as above recorded, and saved the life of the Quartermaster-Sergeant of the 25th Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry, in the early part of the evening, by cutting off the head of the Sepoy who had just bayonetted him. Serjeant-Major Gill states, that on the same night he faced a Guard of 27 men, with only a Serjeant's sword; and it is also represented that he twice saved the life of Major Barrett, 27th Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry, when attacked by Sepoys.
Gill later achieved the rank of lieutenant. He was killed in action at Morar, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India, on 26 July 1868.
# Elisabeth Calmes

Elisabeth Calmes (born 1947) is a Luxembourgish painter who has been based in Paris for over 40 years.

## Biography

Calmes was born in Luxembourg City on 30 July 1947. She was raised on the banks of the River Moselle where she practised water-skiing as a member of the Calmes family of waterskiers, becoming European junior champion. She went on to study interior architecture at the ENSAAMA decorative arts school in Paris before concentrating on painting at the Académie de Port-Royal. Her works have been widely presented in solo and group exhibitions in Luxembourg, Belgium, Poland, Russia and the United States.
In 2008–09, she settled for a time in Brooklyn, New York, painting her impressions of the city on canvas or carton. These have been exhibited at The Luxembourg House in New York (2008) and at the Nolan-Rankin Galleries in Houston, Texas.
Calmes has published several books presenting her work including Calmes. Peintures. Paintings. (2005).

## Works

* Face aux mystères des choses (1993-2006)
* Ô temps suspends ton vol (1994-2002)
* Aux couleurs du pays (1995-2003)
* Les lieux cultivent l’esprit (1995-2003)
* Couleurs de tant de possibles (1998-2011)
* Un trait de l’âme (2001-2005)
* Portes et passages (2002-2004)
* Des goûts et des couleurs (2004)
* Meandering through New York (2008-2010)
* Itinerary-Resonance (2012)
* Voyage à travers la Bulgarie (2013-2014)
# Rambi Ara

Rambi Ara is a river and tributary to the River Jhelum located in Shopian District in the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir.
It joins the Veshaw River near Sangam in Anantnag District before the confluence finally meets the Jhelum. The Rambi Ara originates in the Pir Panjal Range and has two major tributaries. The Rambi Ara is known for fluctuating water levels and is often affected by flash floods.
# Birstall Meadows

Birstall Meadows is a 15.6 hectares (39 acres) Local Nature Reserve east of Birstall in Leicestershire. It is part of Watermead Country Park, and is owned and managed by Leicester City Council.
These meadows on the bank of the River Soar are flower-rich damp grassland. They are grazed by horses and cattle, and they have large areas of open water which provide a winter feeding ground for waterfowl.
There is access from a footpath on the east bank of the River Soar.
# Sadine Correia

Sadine Correia Mascarenhas (born 9 June 1992), known as Sadine Correia, is a Luxembourgish footballer who plays as a defender for Merl and the Luxembourg women's national team.
# 1914 East Galway by-election

The 1914 East Galway by-election was held on 4 December 1914. The by-election was held due to the death of the incumbent Irish Parliamentary MP, John Roche. It was won by the Irish Parliamentary candidate James Cosgrave who was unopposed due to a War-time electoral pact.
# 1918 Taranaki by-election

The Taranaki by-election of 1918 was a by-election in the Taranaki electorate on the west coast of the North Island. It was held during the 19th New Zealand Parliament, on 10 October 1918. It was caused by the death of incumbent MP Henry Okey of the Reform Party and was won by Sydney George Smith, the son of previous Taranaki MP Edward Smith, who stood as an independent Labour candidate. Smith supported the war effort unlike most Labour politicians, gaining him support of voters who likewise supported the war.

## Result

The following table gives the election results:
1918 Taranaki by-election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Independent Labour | Sydney George Smith | 2,840 | 51.44 | |
| | Reform | John Connett | 2,680 | 48.55 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 160 | 2.89 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 5,520 | 74.19 | −12.62 |
# Hong Kong Film Award for Lifetime Achievement

The Hong Kong Film Award for Lifetime Achievement (Chinese: 香港電影金像獎終身成就獎) is a special award presented at the Hong Kong Film Awards to recipients who have contributed greatly to the development of Hong Kong films.

## Recipients

| Year | Recipient | Notes |
| 1983 (2nd) | Run Run Shaw | Film producer |
| 1995 (14th) | Man-lei Wong | Actress |
| 1999 (18th) | Leonard Ho | Film producer |
| 2001 (20th) | Bak Sheut-sin | Cantonese opera actress |
| 2002 (21st) | Chang Cheh | Film director |
| 2008 (27th) | Raymond Chow | Film producer |
| 2009 (28th) | Josephine Siao | Actress |
| 2010 (29th) | Lau Kar-leung | Director and actor |
| 2011 (30th) | Terry Lai Siu-ping [zh] | Founder of movie production and release company |
| 2012 (31st) | Ni Kuang | Screenwriter |
| 2013 (32nd) | Ng See-yuen | Film director |
| 2014 (33rd) | Cheung Sing-yim [zh] | Film director |
| 2016 (35th) | Li Li-hua | Actress |
| 2017 (36th) | Fong Yim-Fun | Actress |
| 2018 (37th) | Chor Yuen | Director, screenwriter, and actor |
| 2019 (38th) | Patrick Tse | Actor |
| 2022 (40th) | Michael Hui | Actor, comedian, scriptwriter, and director |
| 2023 (41st) | Bowie Woo | Actor |
| 2024 (42nd) | Sammo Hung | Actor, martial artist, producer, and director |