OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# N. D. Smart

Norman D. Smart (born September 29, 1947) is an American drummer.
He replaced Chip Damiani in the Remains in 1966, shortly before the band split up.
Smart was a member of the band Kangaroo, which released one album on MGM Records in 1968. Other members included John Hall (who went on to Orleans), Barbara Keith and Ted Speleos.
He then joined the band Mountain in 1969 and played on its first gigs, before being replaced by Corky Laing in late 1969. He played with Mountain at Woodstock in August 1969. The live recording of "Long Red" from the Woodstock set was released in 1972 on Mountain Live: The Road Goes Ever On. The drum break by Smart has been sampled many times by hip hop artists.
In 1969, he became a member of Ian and Sylvia's country rock group Great Speckled Bird. Their first album was produced by Todd Rundgren, with whom Smart would continue to work throughout the 1970s.
Smart, Jim Colegrove and Jeff Gutcheon formed the group Hungry Chuck in 1971. In 1973, Smart played and completed one tour with the Fallen Angels, Gram Parsons's group. Smart was the drummer for Hello People on their 1974 album "The Handsome Devils" (produced by Todd Rundgren).
# Battle of Szydłowiec

The Battle of Szydłowiec took place in the night of 22–23 January 1863, during the January Uprising. It began when Polish insurgents under Captain August Jasiński [pl] and Colonel Marian Langiewicz attacked the town of Szydłowiec (Congress Poland), where a garrison of the Imperial Russian Army stayed.
Szydlowiec was defended by an infantry regiment under Major Rudigier. Polish insurgents attacked the town three times, but after initial successes, they were forced to retreat, losing five men. The town eventually remained in Russian hands. After retreating, Langiewicz's unit went to Wąchock.
Five insurgents were killed, several wounded, and three wounded Poles were taken prisoner by the Russians. Among the Polish casualties were high school students. Russian losses totaled 24 killed, wounded or taken prisoner.
# St Pancras Hospital

St Pancras Hospital is part of the Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust in St Pancras area of Central London, near Camden Town. The hospital specialises in geriatric and psychiatric medicine.

## History

The hospital was established as the infirmary for the St Pancras Union Workhouse in 1848. The hospital is partly housed in the original 18th century workhouse buildings. After St Pancras North Infirmary opened in Highgate in 1869, the hospital in St Pancras Way became known as the St Pancras South Infirmary. After the North Infirmary was renamed Highgate Hospital the South Infirmary was renamed St Pancras Hospital in 1920. It joined the National Health Service in 1948 under the management of the University College Hospital.
The former maternity wards were occupied by the Hospital for Tropical Diseases from 1951 until 1998. After the hospital chapel became a day nursery, chaplaincy services were provided by St Pancras Old Church. During the 1990s the hospital came under the management of the Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust.
In January 1999 an independent report revealed abuse at Beach House, one of the geriatric units of the hospital, where nurses hit and tied up elderly mentally ill patients, and racially intimidated colleagues who threatened to report them.
A paedophile nurse was sacked in February 2005 and subsequently struck off. The number of mental health beds was reduced between 2007 and 2008.

## Exhibitions

Located in two areas adjacent to Conference Centre rooms at St Pancras Hospital, The Arts Project, aided by financial support from various changing NHS Charitable Funds, organizes Art exhibitions since 2003, uniting Arts and health care.

## Notable patients

Notable patients have included:
* Writer Robert Heron died in the hospital on 13 April 1807.
* Charles Sydney Gibbes, English tutor to the children of Emperor Nicholas II of Russia, died in the hospital on 24 March 1963.
* Comic novelist Sir Kingsley Amis died in the hospital on 22 October 1995.
* Henry Croft, the first Pearly King was born (24 May 1861) and died (1 January 1930) in the hospital.
* Glyndwr Michael, the man whose body was used in Operation Mincemeat.
# Aguano language

Aguano is the extinct language of the Aguano people of Peru. Loukotka (1968) identified it with Chamicuro, but Chamicuro speakers say that the Aguano people spoke Quechua (Wise 1987). However, Steward (1946) notes that the Aguano had adopted Quechua soon after the Conquest and that their original language is unclassified. More recently, Campbell & Grondona (2012) leave Aguano unclassified due to lack of attestation.

## Names and varieties

Alternate spellings are Uguano, Aguanu, Awano; it has also been called Santa Crucino.
Mason (1950) listed three Aguano groups, Aguano proper (including Seculusepa/Chilicawa and Melikine/Tivilo), Cutinana, and Maparina. Schematically, these can be summarized as:
* Aguano proper
** Seculusepa (Chilicawa)
** Melikine (Tivilo)
* Cutinana
* Maparina
# Battle of Changzhou

Battle of Changzhou occurred during the Taiping Rebellion. It was won by the Qing dynasty, who regained control over all of Jiangsu.
# Antony Jenkins

Antony Peter Jenkins CBE (born 11 July 1961) is a British business executive. Since 2016 he has been the chief executive officer of 10x Future Technologies, which he founded. He was the group chief executive of Barclays from 30 August 2012 until his dismissal on 8 July 2015.

## Early life and education

Jenkins was born in Blackburn, grew up in Stoke-on-Trent, and was educated at Malbank School and Sixth Form College. He studied Philosophy, Politics and Economics (PPE) at the University of Oxford, and was an undergraduate student at University College, Oxford graduating in 1982. He continued his studies in the Cranfield School of Management at Cranfield University gaining a Master of Business Administration (MBA) degree in 1988.

## Career

Jenkins began his career in finance at Barclays as a graduate in 1983, but subsequently moved to Citigroup where he was promoted to lead the company's branded credit card business. In 2006, he returned to Barclays to take over the company's Barclaycard division. In 2009, Jenkins was promoted to chief executive of the retail and business banking group and asked to join the executive committee.
Jenkins was appointed as Barclays' group chief executive on 30 August 2012. In February 2014, he announced he would be declining his bonus for 2013 following a series of scandals. On 8 July 2015 it was announced that he had been sacked by Barclays after a dispute with the board over the size of the investment bank and the pace of cost cutting. Barclays' deputy chairman Sir Michael Rake said a "new set of skills" was required at the head of the group.
In 2016, Jenkins launched 10x Future Technologies, a Fintech company based in London.

### Service and leadership

Jenkins served on the board of Visa Europe Ltd from 2008 until 2011. He is a member of the steering group for the Big Innovation Centre – an initiative of the Work Foundation and Lancaster University. He is also closely involved with a number of charitable institutions as well and is a Patron for Government Employee Engagement.
Jenkins is a One Young World Counsellor, speaking to One Young World delegates about responsible capitalism at Summits in Zurich, Switzerland in 2011, Pittsburgh, United States in 2012, Johannesburg, South Africa in 2013 and Dublin, Ireland in 2014.
In June 2016 he was appointed shadow chair of the Institute for Apprenticeships and Technical Education by the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills, prior to its formal operational start in 2017.

### Awards and honours

Jenkins was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2021 Birthday Honours for services to business in his role as chair of the Institute for Apprenticeships and Technical Education.

## Personal life

Jenkins met his wife, Amanda Benson, during university and they married in 1984. The couple have two children. He is an ardent music lover who says he listens to rock, jazz, or classical music.
# Solari di Udine

Solari di Udine SpA is an Italian company that designs and manufactures public information displays, historically split-flap displays. The company was founded in 1725 in Udine, a small city in northeastern Italy. Initially, the company specialized in clocks for towers. It began working with designer Gino Valle after World War II, and developed signs with four flaps, each with ten digits, to display the time. The company eventually designed displays with 40 flaps, with the help of Belgian inventor John Myer. The new displays could include numbers and letters, allowing for a much wider use.
The company's Cifra 5 clock was awarded the Compasso d'Oro in 1956. In this year, Solari sold its first moving sign to Liege railway station in Belgium. It subsequently sold thousands to airports and train stations. There is no known record of surviving Solari split-flap displays, though hundreds have been replaced with more modern displays across the world.

## Specific displays

* For its conversion into the TWA Hotel which opened in 2019, the full restoration of the TWA Flight Center at John F. Kennedy International Airport included its classic Solari split-flap message board with authentic original mechanical operation manufactured in Italy in 1962.
* The Solari board at 30th Street Station in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, operated there from the 1970s to 2018, the last to operate in an Amtrak station. The board was subsequently moved to the Railroad Museum of Pennsylvania.
* Penn Station in New York City operated a Solari board from 1967 to 1985. Its removal upset the public, though subsequent displays mimic some aspects of the Solari board.
# Brad Meester

Bradley Ryan Meester (born March 23, 1977) is an American former professional football player who was a center for the Jacksonville Jaguars of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Northern Iowa Panthers and was selected by the Jaguars in the second round of the 2000 NFL draft.

## Early life

Meester attended Aplington–Parkersburg High School in Parkersburg, Iowa, and was a good student and a letterman in football, basketball, baseball, and track & field. He was the South Butler FFA Chapter President. Meester graduated from Aplington–Parkersburg in 1995 with a 3.80 grade point average.

## College career

At Northern Iowa, Meester was a four-year starter at center and a three-time All-Gateway Conference first-team selection. He was named to the Division I-AA Associated Press and Coaches All-America team as a senior. He also made the 1999 GTE Academic All-America team.
Also an outstanding student, Meester graduated with a degree in business management and 3.76 GPA.

## Professional career
### 2000 NFL draft

Regarded as the No. 2 center available in the 2000 NFL draft behind John St. Clair, Meester was the first center chosen, selected with the 60th overall pick by the Jacksonville Jaguars. He tied with Michael Cheever (1996) as the highest-drafted centers ever by the team. Meester also was the highest Northern Iowa draftee since James Jones in 1991.
Pre-draft measurables :
| Height | Weight | 40-yard dash | 20-yard shuttle | Vertical jump | Broad jump | Bench press |
| 6 ft 3+1⁄2 in (1.92 m) | 295 lb (134 kg) | 5.1 s | 4.45 s | 34 in (0.86 m) | 9 ft 2 in (2.79 m) | 25 reps |
| All values from NFL Combine |||||||

### Jacksonville Jaguars

Meester was selected in the second round by the Jacksonville Jaguars where he started all 16 games in his rookie season. He was only the third rookie in Jaguars history to start all 16 games. In 2003, he moved from left guard to center following the departure of free agent John Wade. He is the only Jaguar to start his first 92 regular season games. His streak was ended on December 4, 2005, when he suffered a torn biceps tendon in a game against the Cleveland Browns.
An unrestricted free agent in the 2009 offseason, Meester was re-signed by the Jaguars on February 27.
Meester became a free agent on March 12, 2013, and was re-signed by the team on March 19.
On December 18, 2013, Meester announced that he would retire after the 2013 season after playing his entire career with the Jaguars. On December 22 in a game against the Tennessee Titans, Meester recorded his first career reception on a screen pass from Chad Henne for nine yards and a first down.
Meester retired as the Jaguar franchise record holder for seasons played (14), games played (209), games started (209) and consecutive games started (92).

## Family

Meester and his wife, Jamie, have six daughters and live in Iowa. Chloe plays volleyball. He enjoys riding and restoring motorcycles, deer hunting and gator hunting.
# Panellets

Panellets (Catalan pronunciation:, singular: panellet; Catalan for "little bread") are the traditional dessert of the All Saints' Day, known as Castanyada, in Catalonia, Andorra, Eivissa and the Land of Valencia, with chestnuts and sweet potatoes. Panellets are often accompanied with a sweet wine, usually moscatell, mistela, vi de missa or vi ranci. Panellets are small cakes or cookies in different shapes, mostly round, made mainly of marzipan (a paste made of almonds and sugar). The most popular are the panellets covered with pine nuts, consisting of the panellet basis (marzipan) rolled in pine nuts and varnished with egg. In Sevilla, in southern Spain, these cookies are known as empiñonados.
Panellets date at least from the 18th century, when they were used as blessed food to share after some religious celebrations (Panellets de Sant Marc and Panellets de la Santa Creu)."
Within the EU and UK, panellets have Traditional Speciality Guaranteed status.
# William H. F. Payne

William Henry Fitzhugh Payne (January 27, 1830 – March 29, 1904) was a Confederate brigadier general during the American Civil War.

## Early life

William Payne was born in Fauquier County, Virginia to Arthur Alexander Morson Payne and Mary Conway Mason Fitzhugh. He attended the Virginia Military Institute in 1846-47, but left school after only one year. He was declared an honorary graduate by the Board of Visitors in 1873.
Payne studied law at the University of Virginia and established a law practice in Warrenton, Virginia in 1851. The following year, he married his cousin, Mary Elizabeth Winston Payne, a daughter of William Winter Payne; the couple would have ten children. He served as the Commonwealth's Attorney for Fauquier County for several years.

## Civil War

Payne enrolled in early 1861 as a private and participated in the occupation of Harpers Ferry in April. Later in the year, he became a captain in the famed Black Horse Cavalry, serving as under J.E.B. Stuart. He was promoted to major of the 4th Virginia Cavalry and commanded the regiment at the Battle of Williamsburg during the Peninsula Campaign. He was severely wounded and captured by Union forces.
After being exchanged, he returned to duty as the lieutenant colonel of the 2nd North Carolina Cavalry and fought in the Chancellorsville Campaign. During the subsequent Gettysburg Campaign, he was captured at the Battle of Hanover in 1863 after being dehorsed and falling into an open vat of tanning liquid.
After being imprisoned at Johnson's Island, Ohio, he was promoted to brigadier general in November 1864 and led a brigade in Early's Valley Campaigns of 1864, where he fought in the battles of Opequon, Fisher's Hill, and Cedar Creek. He was badly wounded at the Battle of Five Forks. During the final operations in early 1865 around Richmond, he commanded a cavalry brigade under Fitzhugh Lee.

## Postbellum

After the war, Payne returned to his Virginia law practice. He was the general counsel for the Southern Railway Company. Payne served in the legislature of Virginia in the session of 1879–80.
He died in Washington, D.C.
# Christoph Weilhamer

Christoph Weilhamer (1547–1597) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Auxiliary Bishop of Passau (1589–1597).

## Biography

Christoph Weilhamer was born in Landshut, Germany in 1547 and ordained a priest in 1578. On 9 Oct 1589, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Sixtus V as Auxiliary Bishop of Passau and Titular Bishop of Symbalia. He served as Auxiliary Bishop of Passau until his death on 22 May 1597.
# Paraliparis camilarus

Paraliparis camilarus is a species of snailfish found in the northwest of Mawson Bank.

## Size

This species reaches a length of 28.2 cm (11.1 in).

## Etymology

The fish is named in honor of the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Living Resources, CCAMLR, under whose auspices and guidance made the collection of this species possible.
# Battle of Bolivar Heights

39°19′25″N 77°45′41″W﻿ / ﻿39.32361°N 77.76139°W﻿ / 39.32361; -77.76139
The Battle of Bolivar Heights (October 16, 1861) was an early battle of the American Civil War. Bolivar Heights is a plateau which overlooks the towns of Harpers Ferry, West Virginia and Bolivar, West Virginia, then part of Virginia.

## Battle

On October 15, 1861, Union Major General Nathaniel P. Banks ordered Colonel John White Geary to cross the Potomac River from Maryland Heights, part of Elk Ridge (Maryland) and capture wheat stored by the Confederate States Army near Bolivar Heights. Geary crossed the river with 600 men but sent 500 of them back that night. On October 16, a Confederate force of 300 militia men armed with obsolete flintlock muskets, 2 companies of regular Confederate infantrymen and 230 cavalrymen under Colonel Turner Ashby attacked Geary's force, drove them back to Bolivar and nearly surrounded them. The Union force then flanked the inexperienced Confederates and in turn forced them to withdraw. The Union troops captured a Confederate 24-pound cannon that had broken down during the fight. Ashby claimed that he had withdrawn in the face of heavy Union reinforcements after holding his position for four hours. Geary greatly exaggerated the size of the Confederate force (3,000) and the number of casualties his men inflicted on them (about 150). In turn, Ashby exaggerated the Union dead, stating that his men had killed 25 Union soldiers.
Ashby reported that he lost one dead and nine wounded. Geary reported his losses at four dead, seven wounded and two taken prisoner. Geary himself was one of the wounded, having been cut to the bone below the knee by a shell fragment. He stayed on the field despite the wound, from which he recovered quickly.
# William Seward Burroughs I

William Seward Burroughs I (January 28, 1857 – September 14, 1898) was an American inventor born in Rochester, New York.

## Life and career
### Personal life

Burroughs was the son of a mechanic and worked with machines throughout his childhood. While a small boy, his parents moved to Auburn, New York, where he and his brothers were educated in public schools.
He married his wife, Ida (née Selover) in 1879. They had two sons and two daughters: Jennie, Horace, Mortimer (father of William S. Burroughs II), and Helen.

### Inventor

In 1875, he started working as a bank clerk. Much of his job consisted of laboriously reviewing ledgers for errors. Burroughs then became interested in developing an adding machine. At the bank, there had been a number of prototypes, but in inexperienced hands, they would sometimes give incorrect answers. Burroughs' did not find his clerical work agreeable, as he was fond of mechanics. He resigned after seven years working as a clerk.
In the early 1880s, Burroughs was advised by a doctor to move to an area with a warmer climate. He moved to St. Louis, Missouri where he worked in the Boyer Machine Shop. These new surroundings hastened the development of an existing idea: an adding machine. His new job gave him the opportunity to build his prototype. Accuracy was the foundation of his work. He made his design drawings on metal plates to prevent distortion.
Burroughs filed his first patent for the invention of a "calculating machine" in 1885. It was designed to ease the monotony of clerical arithmetic. By 1890, they were well known in the banking industry, and adoption spread.

## Company founder

Burroughs founded the American Arithmometer Company in 1886. After his death, in 1904 partner John Boyer renamed the business the Burroughs Adding Machine Company.
He was awarded the Franklin Institute's John Scott Legacy Medal shortly before his death. He was posthumously inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame. He was the grandfather of Beat Generation writer William S. Burroughs and great-grandfather of William S. Burroughs Jr., who was also a writer.
Burroughs also received a patent for an electric alarm clock in 1892.
He died in Citronelle, Mobile County, Alabama and was interred in Bellefontaine Cemetery in St. Louis, Missouri.

## Patents

* U.S. patent 388,116 Calculating-machine. Filed January 1885, issued August 1888.
* U.S. patent 388,117 Calculating-machine. Filed August 1885, issued August 1888.
* U.S. patent 388,118 Calculating-machine. Filed March 1886, issued August 1888.
* U.S. patent 388,119 Calculating-machine. Filed November 1887, issued August 1888.
* Electric alarm clock. Issued February 1892.
* Calculating machine. Issued week ending September 5, 1893
# Palomino (grape)

Palomino Fino is a white grape widely grown in Spain and South Africa, and best known for its use in the manufacture of sherry. It is also grown in the Douro region of Portugal where it is used for table and fortified wines.

## Wine regions

In Spain, the grape is split into the sub-varieties Palomino Fino, Palomino Basto, and Palomino de Jerez, of which Palomino Fino is by far the most important, being the principal grape used in the manufacture of sherry. The wine formed by fermentation of the grape is low in both acidity and sugar which, whilst suitable for sherry, ensures that any table wine made from it is of a consistently low quality, unless aided by acidification. It is the fourth most common white grape variety grown in Spain, with 20,261 hectares (50,066 acres) in 2015. There are substantial plantings in Andalusia for sherry production, and it is also widely grown on the Canary Islands, and in Galicia.
In France, it is referred to as Listán, and in South Africa as Fransdruif or White French. It is also found in Australia and California where it is also used mainly to produce fortified wines. The grape was once thought to be the Golden Chasselas, a grape grown in California. The wine-must has tendency to oxidise quickly, a characteristic that can be ignored when used for sherry production.

## Synonyms

The Palomino Fino grape is also known as Alban, Albar, Albilla, Albillo de Lucena, Antillana, Assario, Assario Do Alentejo, Bayoud, Bayoud Merseguera, Blanc d'Algerie, Blanc d'Anjou, Blanc de Bordeaux, Blanc Leroy, Blanca Castellana, Blanca Extra, Blanco Jerez, Chasselas de Jesús, Cherin Blanc, Chering Blanc, Conil, Diagalves, Doradillo, Dorado, El Bayoudh, Faranah, Fransdruif, Gencibel, Genciber, Gencibera, Gencibiera, Golden, Chasselas, Grenade, Grillo, Guignard de Saintours 1, Horgazuela, Jerez, Jerez de la Frontera, Jerez Dorado, Jerez Fina, Jerez Fino, Jerezana, Katalon Letnii, Katalon Zimnij, Abrusco, Lacet, Lairenes Vertes, Laket, Lista Blanco, Listán, Listán Blanc, Listán Blanca, Listán Blanco, Listán Blanco de Canarias, Listán Común, Listán de Drinada, Listán de Drinado, Listán Ladrenado, Listán Laeren, Listán Letnii, Listán Tardif, Listán White French, Listao, Listao de Madeira, Listrao, Malvasia Rei, Malvazia, Malvazia Rei, Mantuo de Pilyas, Manzanilla, Manzanilla de Sanlúcar, Merseguera, Motril, Mourisco, Neiran d'Alle, Ojo de Liebre, Olho de Lebre, Orcaculo Orgazuela, Palomilla, Palomillo, Palomina, Palomina Blanca, Palomina Blanche, Palomino, Palomino 84, Palomino Basto, Palomino de Chipiona, Palomino de Jerez, Palomino del Pinchito, Palomino Fino de Xeres, Palomino Listan, Palomino Peluson, Palominos, Palote, Paulo, Perola do Alentejo, Perrum, Point Noir, Polomino, Punchi Neri, Qis Katalonu, Sardoa Portalegre, Seminario, Temprana, Temprana Blanca, Tempranas Blancas, Tempranas Blanches, Tempranilla, Tempranilla Blanca Listán, Tempranillo de Granada, Tempranillo de Grenada, Temprano, Useiran d'Alle, Verdalou, White French, White French Fransdruif, Winter Catalon, Xeres, and Xerez y Zarcillada.