OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dan Christie Kingman

Dan Christie Kingman (March 6, 1852 – November 14, 1916) was an officer in the United States Army who served as Chief of Engineers from 1913 to 1916.

## Early life

Kingman was born in Dover, New Hampshire on March 6, 1852. His father was John William Kingman (1821–1903), and his mother was Mary Spaulding Christie (1825- 1866). His 7th great-grandparents were Mayflower passengers John Howland and Elizabeth Tilley, and his 5th great-grandfather was Mayflower passenger Resolved White. He was married to Eugenia Jennings (1852- 1930), with whom he had four sons: Dan Christie Kingman Jr. (1879–1918), Colonel Ralph Willcox Kingman (1880–1950), Brigadier General John Jennings Kingman (1882–1948), and Lieutenant Frederick Eustis Kingman (1888–1915).

## Military career

Entering the United States Military Academy, Kingman graduated second in the class of 1875 and was commissioned in the Corps of Engineers. He served as an instructor at the Military Academy and as the engineer officer of the Army's Department of the Platte based at Fort Omaha. In 1883, he began the construction of roads and bridges in the new Yellowstone National Park. Kingman Pass on the Grand Loop Road between Mammoth Hot Springs and Norris is named for him.
Kingman directed improvements along the lower Mississippi River in 1886-90 and received the thanks of the Louisiana legislature for "splendid service rendered" during the 1890 flood. He oversaw harbor and fortification work on Lake Ontario in 1891-95 and improvements on the Tennessee River in the last half of that decade. In the latter assignment he initiated planning for federal cost-sharing with private hydroelectric-power investors for a lock and dam built below Chattanooga. Kingman oversaw substantial harbor improvements at Cleveland in 1901-05 and headed the Corps' Savannah District and Southeast Division in 1906–13. The Panama Canal was completed while he was Chief of Engineers. He retired from the army on March 6, 1916.

## Later life

Kingman died November 14, 1916, in Atlantic City, New Jersey. He was buried with high military honors in Arlington National Cemetery. Among the pallbearers were Chief of Staff General Hugh L. Scott and two former Chiefs of Engineers, Generals Mackenzie and Bixby.
# New Haven Gymnasium

New Haven Gymnasium was a brief-lived boarding school for boys in New Haven, Connecticut, founded on the German plan by two sons of Timothy Dwight, Sereno Edwards Dwight (1786-1850) and Henry Edwin Dwight (1797-1832). Henry had become an admirer of the German education system during two years study in Germany, at the Universities of Gottingen and Berlin, and following his return from Germany a prospectus for the school was issued in 1827, and the New Haven Gymnasium opened in 1828. The school closed in 1831 due to the poor health of the Dwight brothers, and Henry Dwight died in 1832.
Stiles French was employed there as a mathematics instructor, and following its closure joined the Round Hill School, which was also operating on the German model. He later returned to New Haven to found the New Haven Collegiate and Commercial Institute.
# Ashdon Meadows

Ashdon Meadows is a 1.5-hectare (3.7-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest south of Ashdon in Essex.
The site is unimproved grassland which is used for hay growing, with some areas calcareous and others neutral. It is the only known example of grassland on chalky boulder clay in north-west Essex. Flora includes salad burnet, downy oat-grass and fen bedstraw.
There is access from the footpath between Water End and Plumtree Grove.
# Rémy Mertz

Rémy Mertz (born 17 July 1995 in Luxembourg City) is a Belgian former cyclist, who competed as a professional from 2014 to 2023. He was named in the startlist for the 2017 Vuelta a España.

## Major results
### 2014

    8th Overall Flèche du Sud

### 2015

    1st Stage 5 Carpathian Couriers Race

### 2016

    5th Coppa dei Laghi-Trofeo Almar
    6th Liege–Bastogne–Liege Espoirs

### 2019

    5th Famenne Ardenne Classic
    10th Le Samyn

### 2021

    3rd Clássica da Arrábida
    7th Overall Volta a la Comunitat Valenciana
    8th Tour du Doubs

### 2022

    3rd Per sempre Alfredo

### 2023

    6th Per sempre Alfredo

### Grand Tour general classification results timeline

| Grand Tour | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 |
| Giro d'Italia | — | — | — | — |
| Tour de France | — | — | — | — |
| Vuelta a España | 150 | — | — | 104 |
Legend :
| — | Did not compete |
| DNF | Did not finish |
# Obadiah Bush

Obadiah Newcomb Bush (January 28, 1797 – February 9, 1851) was an American prospector, businessman and ancestor of the Bush political family. He was the father of James Smith Bush, grandfather of business magnate Samuel Prescott Bush, great-grandfather of former U.S. Senator Prescott Bush, great-great-grandfather of former U.S. President George H. W. Bush, and great-great-great-grandfather of former Texas Governor and U.S. President George W. Bush and former Florida Governor Jeb Bush.

## Early life

Obadiah Newcomb Bush was born on January 18, 1797, in Penfield, New York. His father, Timothy Bush Jr. (1766–1850), was a blacksmith; his mother was Lydia Newcomb (1763–1835). His paternal grandfather, Capt. Timothy Bush Sr. (1735–1815), was an American Revolution militia captain.
Bush served in the War of 1812.

## Career

Bush became a schoolmaster in Rochester, New York. He also served on a committee that nominated candidates for justice of the peace. He and his brother Henry, a manufacturer of stoves, were known abolitionists. He served as vice president of the American Anti-Slavery Society and supported the Underground Railroad. He petitioned the New York State Legislature to secede from the Union in a protest against slavery, after which The Rochester Daily Advertiser accused him of encouraging anarchy. Abigail Bush was the wife of his brother Henry.
In 1849, he travelled to California "with the forty-niners during the gold rush".

## Personal life and death

Bush married Harriet Smith (1800–1867) in Rochester, New York on November 8, 1821. They had seven children, among them James Smith Bush. Following his years as a schoolmaster in New York, Bush traveled to the West Coast. Seeking to relocate there permanently, he set out for the East Coast by sea to wrap up his affairs. Bush died some time en route in 1851, and was apparently buried at sea.

## Ancestry

Ancestors of Obadiah Bush :
# Fatehpur, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency

Fatehpur is a constituency of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly covering the city of Fatehpur in the Fatehpur district of Uttar Pradesh, India. It is one of six assembly constituencies in the Fatehpur Lok Sabha constituency. Since 2008, this assembly constituency is numbered 240 amongst 403 constituencies.
The seat belongs to Samajwadi Party candidate Chandra Prakash Lodhi who won in the 2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election defeating BJP candidate Vikram Singh by a margin of 8601 votes.

## Elected MLA

* by poll

## Wards/Areas

It contains these parts of Fatehpur district- Rampur Thariyaon, Haswa, Nagar, Bahua (NP) & Fatehpur MB of Fatehpur Tehsil.

## Election results
### 2017

2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election: Fatehpur :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | SP | Chandra Prakash Lodhi | 96,839 | 45.24 |
| | BJP | Vikram Singh | 88,238 | 41.22 |
| | BSP | Ayyub Ahmad | 20,363 | 9.51 |
| | INC | Mohsin Ahmad | 1,803 | 0.84 |
| | NOTA | None of the Above | 1,793 | 0.84 |
| | | Rest of the candidates | ~5,000 | 2.40 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 8,601 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 214,050 | 45.24 |
| | SP gain from BJP | SP gain from BJP | Swing | |
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 1774

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1774 was unanimously adopted on 14 September 2007.

## Resolution

The Security Council this morning decided to reappoint the Chief Prosecutor of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, Hassan Bubacar Jallow, for a four-year term, with effect from 15 September 2007, subject to the Council’s earlier termination upon the completion of the Tribunal’s work.
Unanimously adopting resolution 1774 (2007), the Council decided to reappoint Mr. Jallow having considered his nomination by Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon to continue leading the work of the Arusha-based Tribunal.
Recalling its resolution 1534 (2004), which emphasized the importance of fully implementing the International Tribunal’s completion strategy, the Council noted that resolution 1503 (2003) called on the Tribunal to take all possible measures to complete all trial activities at first instance by the end of 2008, and to complete all work in 2010.
# Töpfer (hill)

Mount Töpfer (Upper Sorbian: Hóra Töpfer) is a mountain with an elevation of 582 metres near the municipality of Oybin in the German state of Saxony. It is situated in the Zittau Mountains which are part of the Lusatian Mountains. It is known for it interesting rock formations near the top. Its name Töpfer (English: Potter) was probably derived from the peak that resembles two chalices.

## Rock Formations and Sights

* Parrot (Papagei)
* Turtle (Schildkröte)
* Chick (Küken)
* Wobble Stone (Wackelstein)
* Broody Hen (Brütende Henne)
* European Summit Cross (Europakreuz)
* The Cave of Gratz (Gratzer Höhle)
* This Saxony location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Susumu Noguchi

Susumu Noguchi (June 1, 1908 – May 1, 1961) was a Japanese professional boxer who was best known for winning the Japanese Welterweight title.
In June 1931, Susumu Noguchi tried bombing Junnosuke Inoue's residence. Susumu Noguchi served a short prison sentence.
In 1933 Noguchi was arrested for trying to assassinate the politician Wakatsuki Reijirō, an important Japanese politician when the minister departed at Ueno Station in Tokyo in protest of the London Naval Treaty.
Susumu Noguchi is the founder of Noguchi boxing gym which produced notable Japanese boxers such as Hitoshi Misako and Hiroyuki Ebihara.

## Personal life

Susumu Noguchi had two sons, flyweight boxer Kyō Noguchi and Osamu Noguchi, founder of the sport Kickboxing.
# Le Pavillon d'Armide

Le Pavillon d'Armide is a ballet in one act and three scenes choreographed by Michel Fokine with music by Nikolai Tcherepnin to a libretto by Alexandre Benois. It was inspired by the novella Omphale by Théophile Gautier.

## History

The work was first presented on 25 November 1907 at the Mariinsky Theatre in Saint Petersburg, with staging and costumes by Alexandre Benois. Principal dancers were Anna Pavlova in the role of Armida, Vaslav Nijinsky as her slave, and Pavel Gerdt as the Vicomte René de Beaugency and Rozai as the Clown.
Other dancers included young Lydia Kyasht, Lubov Tchernicheva, and Tamara Karsavina.
On 19 May 1909, the ballet was presented by Sergei Diaghilev's Ballets Russes at the Théâtre du Châtelet, Paris. The role of Armida was danced by Vera Karalli, the Vicomte de Beaugency by Mikhail Mordkin, and the Slave by Nijinsky. As the first ballet presented in Paris by Diaghilev, its success was due in part to its French theme. The 1909 season also included works based on Russian folklore which also met with public approval.
# New London Academy (Pennsylvania)

The New London Academy was the first public school established in Pennsylvania. It was formed in 1743, by Presbyterian minister Francis Alison, as a "Free School" in his home in New London, Pennsylvania. Among its alumni were George Read, Thomas McKean and John Dickinson.
During its early years, the school was run under the auspices of the Philadelphia Synod of the Presbyterian Church. The school changed its name and location several times, moving to Newark, Delaware, by 1765.
The original building in New London later housed the New London High School. Students from New London now attend the Avon Grove High School.

## Sources

* Presentation on history of Avon Grove schools
# Derek Erskine

Sir Derek Quicke Erskine (12 February 1905 - 6 September 1977) was a British settler in Kenya. He played a key role in popularising Athletics in Kenya and co-founded the Kenya Amateur Athletics Association, now Athletics Kenya.

## Early life

He was born in Thakeham, Sussex to Sir James Erskine and Cicely Quicke. He was educated at Eton College and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst.

## Kenya

Erskine was invited to Kenya by a businessman with connections to Lord Delamere, and he soon set up a successful grocer business.
In 1951, together with Archie Evans, he co-founded the Kenya Amateur Athletics Association (KAAA), which would later become Athletics Kenya. He contributed significant funds to the Association, including donating the land on which the Nyayo National Stadium is now built. He was Chairman of the Association from its founding until a year after independence.
Erskine served as a Member of the Kenyan Legislative Council between 1948 and 1951. He was again a Member of the Legislative Council between 1961 and 1963 and was the Chief Whip of the Kenya African National Union Parliamentary Group between 1961 and 1964.
Politically he was a staunch advocate of racial harmony in Kenya. In response to the views of many European settlers who wanted self-rule from Britain and continued European dominance over Africans and Asians, he described the view as puerile poppycock, being both impracticable and unworkable, contravening Christian ethics, British ideas of liberty and fair play and international agreements such as the Atlantic Charter.
In 1952, he was removed from a session of the Legislative Council due to his outspoken views demanding racial equality within Kenya. He was sympathetic to Jomo Kenyatta's struggle against discrimination, and offered his house to Kenyatta when he was in detention and the government said there was no place he could live.
He was knighted in 1964 for political and public services in Kenya on the recommendation of Kenyatta.

## Death

Erskine died in Nairobi on 6 September 1977.
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 1775

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1775 was adopted on 14 September 2007.

## Resolution

Acting on the recommendation of Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, the Security Council today extended through the end of this year the appointment of Carla Del Ponte as Prosecutor of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia.
By a vote of 14 in favour, with one abstention (Russian Federation), the Council adopted resolution 1775 (2007), extending Ms. Del Ponte’s appointment, which was to end today, for a final period that would end on 31 December 2007.
In a letter sent to the Council President earlier this week (document S/2007/538), the Secretary-General noted that, although Ms. Del Ponte had indicated that she did not wish to be reappointed for a new term, she would be willing to have her present term extended through the end of the year, pending the appointment of a new Prosecutor.
To that end, the Secretary-General said that, as the Tribunal moved closer to the completion of its mandate, extending Ms. Del Ponte’s term would allow more time for appropriate consultations regarding the appointment of a successor. Moreover, in the interest of the Tribunal’s continuity, stability and effectiveness, the extension would also avoid difficulties associated with an interim solution “at a critical time in its operations”. Suggesting that the Council consider taking such action, he added that, in due course, he would submit the name of his nominee for the position of Prosecutor.
After the Council’s action, the representative of the Russian Federation said that his delegation shared the wider Council’s understanding concerning the need to defer the question of appointing a new Prosecutor for the former Yugoslavia Tribunal. There were several ways of resolving that essentially technical issue, but the method that had been introduced to address the issue appeared to be the least successful one.
# George Washington (Fairbanks)

George Washington is a series of five outdoor bronze busts depicting George Washington by Avard Fairbanks, located on the George Washington University campus in Washington, D.C.. They serve as unofficial boundary markers of the university's territory. The five statues are located at the following intersections:
* Southwest corner of 21st Street and I Street
* Northwest corner of 20th Street and F Street
* Northeast corner of 23rd Street and F Street
* Southwest corner of 23rd Street and I Street (at the eastern entrance to the Foggy Bottom metro station walkway)
* Southeast corner of 24th Street and I Street (at the western entrance to the Foggy Bottom metro station walkway)

## History

Copyrighted in 1975 and dedicated on February 16, 1993, the sculpture measures approximately 46 x 32 x 27 inches, with a granite base measuring approximately 68 x 42 1/2 x 33 inches.
On June 1, 2020, campus police found the bust was not in place upon its pedestal during local protests over the George Floyd case, though it was not damaged and found nearby.
# Tong-Tai Mandarin

Tong–Tai (Chinese: 通泰), also known as Tai–Ru (Chinese: 泰如), is a group of Lower Yangtze Mandarin dialects spoken in the east-central part of Jiangsu province in the prefecture-level cities of Nantong (formerly Tongzhou) and Taizhou. The alternative name refers to the county-level city of Rugao within Nantong. This region includes the areas which are to the north of Yangtze River and to the east of Grand Canal. There are about 11.37 million speakers there (in 2004) and this region occupies about 15,000 square kilometers.
This region can also be divided further into three districts: the west, the middle and the east. The west part includes Taizhou, Jiangyan, west of Hai'an, west of Dongtai, Dafeng, Xinghua, east of Jiangdu. The middle part includes Rugao, Rudong, Taixing, east of Dongtai, east of Hai'an and southwest of Jingjiang. The east part includes downtown of Nantong and southwest of Tongzhou. These vernaculars are distinguished by the difference in consonants.
However these districts used to be the region of the Wu culture, so there are many features of Wu Chinese in these vernaculars, especially the vernacular in the middle part, known as middle Tong-Tai dialect. It is closely bounded on the Changzhou part in the Wu region.

## Phonology

The Nantong variety will be taken as representative.

### Consonants

Consonants of Nantong :
| | | Labial | Alveolar | Alveolo- palatal | Post- alveolar | Velar | Glottal |
| Nasal | Nasal | m | n | | | ŋ | |
| Plosive | aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | | | kʰ | |
| Plosive | unaspirated | p | t | | | k | ʔ |
| Affricate | aspirated | | tsʰ | tɕʰ | | | |
| Affricate | unaspirated | | ts | tɕ | | | |
| Fricative | Fricative | f v | s | ɕ ʑ | ʃ | x | |
| Lateral approximant | Lateral approximant | w | l | j | | | |

### Vowels

r-colored ɜ: ɜ˞
tongue position for [ø] is slightly higher than the standard [ø], but lower than [y]
[ɛ] is slightly lower than the standard [ɛ], sounds close to [æ]
[ʌ] is higher than the standard [ʌ],close to [ɜ]
Tones
Dark level 阴平21 Light level 阳平35
(Light)Rising 上声（阳上）55
Light departing 阳去213 Dark departing 阴去42
Light entering 阳入55ʔ Dark entering 阴入42ʔ

## Dialects
### Rugao dialect

The Rugaohua dialect of Jianghuai does not follow the T3 sandhi rule which most other Mandarin dialects follow. Linguists speculate that changes to pitch countours over time also removed the original motivation for T3 sandhi in the Beijing dialect underlying modern Standard Mandarin (putonghua), but the sandhi was retained.
When Chinese people were subjected to listening to various dialects such as Northern Mandarin (Yantai dialect), Standard Mandarin (Putonghua), and Jianghuai Mandarin (Rugao dialect of Jiangsu), "cross dialectal" differences appeared in their reactions.
# Pure and Simple

Pure and Simple may refer to:
* Pure and Simple (Joan Jett album), 1994
* Pure & Simple (Dolly Parton album), 2016
* "Pure and Simple" (song), a 2001 song by Hear'Say
# Thomas Bauer (speed skater)

Thomas Bauer (born 23 April 1984) is a German short track speed skater. He competed in the men's 5000 metre relay event at the 2006 Winter Olympics.
# 1898 Maine gubernatorial election

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]]
The 1898 Maine gubernatorial election took place on September 12, 1898.
Incumbent Republican Governor Llewellyn Powers was re-elected to a second term in office, defeating Democratic candidate Samuel L. Lord.

## Results

1898 Maine gubernatorial election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Llewellyn Powers (incumbent) | 53,900 | 62.15% |
| | Democratic | Samuel L. Lord | 29,485 | 34.00% |
| | Prohibition | Ammi S. Ladd | 2,326 | 2.68% |
| | Populist | Robert Gerry | 649 | 0.75% |
| | National Democratic | Erastus Lermond | 312 | 0.36% |
| | Scattering | | 48 | 0.06% |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 24,415 | 28.15% |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 86,720 | |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Swing | |
# New Orleans Charter Science and Mathematics High School

New Orleans Charter Science & Math High School is an open enrollment charter school in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. Students commonly refer to the school as "SciHigh", "Science & Math", or vice versa, "Math and Science".
The organization, Advocates for Science and Mathematics Education, governs the school, which is located in Uptown, in the former Allen Elementary School campus. The school is supported in part by the Foundation for Science and Mathematics Education, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization that advocates for "an open-admissions, rigorous, hands-on educational model paired with the belief that any student can succeed when provided with a safe and supportive environment."

## History

The school was founded in 1993 by Barbara MacPhee as a half day school focused on the rigorous instruction of mathematics and science. Students from any New Orleans Public School were able to enroll part-time at NOCSMHS and part-time at their "home" school. From its inception until Hurricane Katrina, the school was housed on the campus of Delgado Community College.
After Katrina, the school was chartered under the auspices of the Orleans Parish School Board as a full-day, grades 9-12 high school, offering instruction in all subjects, including English, social studies, and foreign language. Due to the damage Delgado received from Katrina, NOCSMHS moved to the building which housed the former Henry W. Allen Elementary School in the uptown New Orleans neighborhood.
In October 2010, the school met its performance growth goal by attaining a School Performance Score over 80.0, giving it a two-star rating.
The following year, in October 2011, the school far surpassed its growth goal and earned a "B+" grade—the highest grade given to any open-enrollment school in the New Orleans area.
In April 2018 the board for Sci High selected former Delgado Community College employee Monique Cola as the school's headmaster; she has a PhD from Tulane University.
The groundbreaking for the Mid-City campus was scheduled for fall 2018. The school relocated there in 2020. It has a 400-seat gymnasium on the second floor. Katherine Hart of the Mid-City Messenger described it as "the only New Orleans public school built specifically for STEM education."

## Faculty

In 2018 the school retained 68% of its faculty members, with 13 members starting work and 28 continuing to work from the previous year.

## School building format

* The first floor is primarily science classes. It also holds the cafeteria, Phys. Ed. room, Art class, and counselors office
* The second floor is primarily language arts and social studies classes. It also holds the Computer Lab, Auditorium, and Main Office
* The third floor is primarily the math and English classes. It also holds the Library and Special Education classes

## Athletics

New Orleans Charter Science and Mathematics High athletics competes in the LHSAA.