OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Institute for Earth System Preservation

The International Expert Group on Earth System Preservation, formerly the Institute for Earth System Preservation, is a nonprofit organization with an international network of scientists, engineers, entrepreneurs, and political administrators. IESP's stated goal is to develop practical applications of the sustainability of Earth system science.

## Activities

IESP organizes thematic-based conferences, workshops, seminars, lectures, and publications. IESP's definition of the Earth system is the sum of the planet's physical, chemical, biotic, and societal processes.

## History

In 2002, the Institute of Advanced Studies on Sustainability (IoS) was founded as a center of excellence in the field of environmental sciences and technology of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts (EASA). It is a registered nonprofit organization at the magistrate court of the City of Munich, Germany.
Following the workshop "The Art of Dealing Wisely with the Planet Earth," IoS established the International Expert Group on the Preservation of the Functionality of the Earth System as part of its activities in 2008. The discussions are summarized in the Zugspitze Declaration. Since then, IESP has been associated with the Institute of Advanced Study (IAS) of the Technical University Munich (TUM) in Garching.
During the general assembly on October 6, 2015, the IoS changed its name to "Institute for Earth System Preservation", which became the "International Expert Group on Earth System Preservation".

## Organization

IESP is a registered nonprofit association and a collaborating institute of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts (EASA). An elected executive board legally represents IESP; its general assembly functions as the decision-making body. Its members are from the European Union, the US, China, and Russia. The IESP executive board is formed by Martin Steger, Jörg E. Drewes, Michael von Hauff, Wolfram Mauser, Klaus Mainzer (ex officio), and founding chairman Peter A. Poacher.
# Lubang Airport

Lubang Airport (Filipino: Paliparan ng Lubang; IATA: LBX, ICAO: RPLU) is an airport that serves the general area of Lubang Island, located in the province of Occidental Mindoro in the Philippines. It is the only airport on the island; however, it is one of three airports in the province. The airport is classified as a community airport by the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines, a body of the Department of Transportation that is responsible for the operations of not only this airport but also of all other airports in the Philippines except major international airports.
# Cochran Farm

Cochran Farm, 2900 Ohio 129, Millville, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. The web site of the Ohio Historic Preservation Office of the Ohio Historical Society says "William and Rebecca Cochran came from Adams County, Pennsylvania in 1814. They settled in Hamilton County where they lived until 1825. They then moved to Butler County near Millville. William Cochran owned much property in the area and in 1821 purchased the Millville Mill which had been built by Joel Williams in 1805". The couple "had three sons; one, James W. Cochran, later took over ownership of the mill and settled just west of the town of Millville. He married Mary June Hill and the couple had seven children. The youngest of these lived in the home until his death in 1946. The property is owned by his daughters. The house, dairy and barns, essentially unaltered, are a fine example of a mid 19th century farm group in southern Ohio."
# Harald Heinke

Harald Heinke (born 15 May 1955 in Eilenburg) is an East German former judoka who competed in the 1980 Summer Olympics.
# Werner Kirsch

Werner Kirsch (16 April 1938 – 29 July 2017) was a German boxer. He competed in the men's featherweight event at the 1960 Summer Olympics.
# Cochran Memorial United Methodist Church

Philip G. Cochran Memorial United Methodist Church is a historic Methodist church building located in Dawson, Fayette County, Pennsylvania, United States. It was built by Sarah B. Cochran between 1922 and 1927, and is a cruciform solid stone structure in the Late Gothic Revival style. It measures 130 feet by 161 feet. It features a crossing tower and steeple.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. It is located in the Dawson Historic District.
# Cock-Cornelius House

Cock-Cornelius House, also known as Wyckoff-Underhill House, is a historic home located at Locust Valley in Nassau County, New York. It is a 1- to 2+1⁄2-story, U-shaped wood-frame dwelling sheathed in wood shingles. The main block is 2+1⁄2 stories and five bays wide. The oldest section of the house is dated to the Federal period, about 1790. The house was expanded in the 1840s and in the 1920s-1930s.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.
# Roland Berrill

Roland Fabian Berrill (6 October 1896 – 26 September 1962) was a British-Australian Barrister who was the co-founder (with the English barrister Lancelot Ware) of Mensa, the international society for intellectually gifted people.

## The founding of Mensa

Mensa was founded by Berrill and Lancelot Ware at Lincoln College, Oxford, England on 1 October 1946. They originally called it the "High IQ Club". Lance Ware had the initial idea for the society, but Berrill founded Mensa in the usual sense: he supplied the start-up cash, wrote some initial idiosyncratic pamphlets and became Mensa's first Secretary.
Berrill was an unashamed elitist, who regretted the passing of an aristocratic tradition. He regarded Mensa as "an aristocracy of the intellect". He noticed with some disappointment that a majority of Mensans appeared to have come from humble homes.
At an early Mensa organizational meeting, one of the people present proposed that black people be excluded from Mensa. This was met by shocked silence. Then Berrill proposed that the motion be amended to exclude "green people with yellow stripes" instead. This amended motion passed, with one vote against. If the minutes of that meeting had not been lost, that statute might still be on the books of Mensa.
Berrill died a few years later, having recruited in total around 400 people by self-administered IQ tests.

## Personal life

Berrill was born in Australia in 1896 to English parents Arthur Edward Berrill and Clara Mary Macdermott. His father moved to Sydney in the 1870s and became an importer/exporter who was a frequent distributor of British books and periodicals abroad. The family returned to London in 1901. He was educated at the Roman Catholic Beaumont College, Windsor. Roland served in the Royal Artillery in the First World War; His elder brother, Lieut. Bernard Francis Berrill, was killed in 1915 in Flanders.
Although he was called to the bar, he never practised as a barrister but lived on the dividends of his investments.
He spent most of the rest of his life in England. He had brief trips to Tangier in 1936, New York City in 1937 and Durban, South Africa in 1959. On 22 November 1948 he spoke at the Socratic Club at Oxford, combining with Father Victor White, on the topic "Beyond Myth and Dogma" at Lady Margaret Hall in the University of Oxford.
Berrill was thick-set and sturdy, with a full dark beard and moustache. He believed in palmistry, phrenology, astrology, and Dianetics. These views were not popular within Mensa, and he was regarded by Mensans as "deficient in normal scepticism".
Berrill was a member of the Men's Dress Reform Party; he desired more colour in men's clothes, and objected to the uniformity common in those days. He never married.
# Cocke's Mill House and Mill Site

Cocke's Mill House and Mill Site, also known as Coles' Mill and Johnston's Mill, is a historic home located near North Garden, Albemarle County, Virginia. The miller's house was built in about 1820, and is a 1½ story, three-bay, gable-roofed stone cottage built on a high basement. A one-story frame addition was built in 1989. Located on the property are the stone foundations of Cocke's Mill, built about 1792. It was originally two stories high with dimensions of 51 feet by 40 feet, and the stone walls of the original mill and tail race. The mill remained in use into the 1930s, and burned sometime in the 1940s.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.
# Rui Baltazar

Rui Baltazar dos Santos Alves (1933 – 13 July 2024) was a Mozambican lawyer, politician and academic who was an active supporter of FRELIMO during the Mozambican War of Independence.

## Life and career

Baltazar was born in Lourenço Marques (today Maputo) to a Portuguese Mozambican family. During colonial rule, he used his position as an attorney to defend political prisoners of the Portuguese authorities, and upon independence was appointed the first Minister of Justice of People's Republic of Mozambique. In 1975, he also helped draft the Constitution of the newly independent nation. In 1978, he was appointed Minister of Finance, a position he held until 1986. In April 1986, he became rector of Eduardo Mondlane University, where he taught human rights law. He was also a member of the Mozambique Parliament from 1975 to 1992 and was Mozambique's representative to the EEC-ACP assembly. He signed the Lomé Convention on behalf of Mozambique in 1986.
In 1994, Baltazar was nominated as the Mozambican ambassador to Sweden, Denmark, and Norway and in 2002 became special advisor to the President of the SADC.
Baltazar died in Maputo on 13 July 2024, at the age of 91.
# 1794 South Carolina gubernatorial election

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The 1794 South Carolina gubernatorial election was held on 17 December 1794 in order to elect the Governor of South Carolina. Federalist candidate and former Mayor of Charleston Arnoldus Vanderhorst was elected by the South Carolina General Assembly as he ran unopposed. The exact number of votes cast in this election is unknown.

## General election

On election day, 17 December 1794, Federalist candidate Arnoldus Vanderhorst was elected by the South Carolina General Assembly, thereby retaining Federalist control over the office of Governor. Vanderhorst was sworn in as the 38th Governor of South Carolina that same day.

### Results

South Carolina gubernatorial election, 1794 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Federalist | Arnoldus Vanderhorst | 1 | 100.00% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 1 | 100.00% |
| | Federalist hold | Federalist hold | Federalist hold | Federalist hold |
# V. Rama Rao

V Rama Rao (12 December 1935 – 17 January 2016) served as Governor of Sikkim from 2002 to 2007. He started his political career in 1956 when he joined Jana Sangh and went on to become a National Leader of Bharatiya Janata Party and was elected to Andhra Pradesh State Legislative Council from Hyderabad Graduates' Constituency for four consecutive terms in 1966, 1972, 1978 and 1984. He served as a Party Floor Leader in council during his last term.

## Political life

V Rama Rao was born on 12 December 1935 in a Telugu Brahmin Family in a place, near Machilipatnam situated in present-day Krishna District of Andhra Pradesh. He was a lawyer by profession and practised at the Andhra Pradesh High Court. In his early career, he was active in trade union litigations and served as president, Employees and Workers Unions of several State and Central Public Sector Undertakings and Corporations, such as AP State Finance Corporation, A.P. State Small Scale Industries Development Corporation, South Central Railways Employee Union etc.
He joined Jana Sangh in 1956 as a member and went on to serve as a Member of the National Executive of Bharatiya Jana Sangh for a number of years. Moving into Bharatiya Janata Party from erstwhile Jana Sangh, he went on to serve as State Unit President for Andhra Pradesh for two consecutive terms (1993–2001) and as Party National Vice President (2002 – 2007). He also served as a senate member of Osmania University.

## As MLC

Rao was elected to Andhra Pradesh State Legislative Council from Hyderabad Graduates' Constituency four consecutive times in 1966, 1972, 1978 and 1984. He served as a Party Floor Leader in council during his last term.

## As Governor of Sikkim

In October 2002, he was appointed by President of India as the Governor of Sikkim.

## Death

He died while undergoing treatment at Apollo Hospitals Hyderabad on 17 January 2016.
# The African Desperate

The African Desperate is a 2022 American comedy drama film written by Martine Syms and Rocket Caleshu, directed by Syms and starring Diamond Stingily.

## Cast

* Diamond Stingily as Palace
* Erin Leland as Hannah
* Erin Kelly Meuchner as Fern
* Brent David Finney as Liam
* Cammisa Buerhaus as Aidan
* Ruby McCollister as Portia

## Release

The film was released on September 16, 2022 in New York City.

## Reception

The film has an 85% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 13 reviews. Peyton Robinson of RogerEbert.com awarded the film three and a half stars out of four. Alex Saveliev of Film Threat rated the film an 8 out of 10. Susannah Gruder of IndieWire graded the film a B+. William Repass of Slant Magazine awarded the film two and a half stars out of four.
# HMS A1

HMS A1 was the Royal Navy's first British-designed submarine, and their first to suffer fatal casualties.
She was the lead ship of the first British A-class submarines and the only one to have a single bow torpedo tube. She was actually sunk twice: first in 1904 when she became the first submarine casualty, with the loss of all hands; however, she was recovered, but sank again in 1911, this time when she was unmanned. The wreck was discovered in 1989 and was designated under the Protection of Wrecks Act in 1998. The wreck is a Protected Wreck managed by Historic England.

## Design and construction

She was an enlarged and improved Holland-class submarine–40 ft (12 m) longer than the Royal Navy's five "Holland"-type boats. Subsequent A-class boats were even larger and differed from her in several respects.
Like all members of her class, she was built at Vickers, Barrow-in-Furness. She was laid down on 19 February 1902 and launched on 9 July 1902.
Before she left the yard she suffered from a hydrogen explosion. Later while under tow to Portsmouth to join with the rest of the navy's submarines, seawater managed to reach her batteries, which gave off chlorine gas, forcing the evacuation of the vessel.

## Casualty, recovery, loss and rediscovery

She was accidentally sunk in the Solent on 18 March 1904 whilst carrying out a practice attack on the protected cruiser HMS Juno by being struck on the starboard side of the conning tower by a mail steamer, SS Berwick Castle, which was en route from Southampton to Hamburg. She sank in only 39 ft (12 m) of water, but the boat flooded and the entire crew was drowned. One consequence was that all subsequent Royal Navy submarines were equipped with a watertight hatch at the bottom of the conning tower.
She was raised on 18 April 1904 and repaired and re-entered service. Following a petrol explosion in August 1910, she was converted to a testbed for the Admiralty's Anti-Submarine Committee. She was lost a year later when running submerged but unmanned under automatic pilot. Although the position of her sinking was known at the time, all efforts to locate her were fruitless. It was not until 1989 that the wreck was discovered by a local fisherman at Bracklesham Bay, approximately 5 mi (8.0 km) away. It is thought that she was only partially flooded when she sank, and the resulting partial buoyancy meant that the wreck moved in the strong local currents. The wreck was designated under the Protection of Wrecks Act on 26 November 1998 and redesignated to extend the area covered on 5 October 2004.
# Vas J Morgan

Savvas Morgan (born 3 December 1988), known professionally as Vas J Morgan, is an English television personality, magazine editor and activist. He is known as a former cast member of the ITVBe BAFTA Award winning reality series The Only Way Is Essex.

## Career
### Magazine editor

Morgan started his career as a blogger, and in 2010, he launched a celebrity gossip website, which ran for 7 years until he closed it down to focus on his fashion magazine, Tings. The first issue came out in 2017 and had Sofia Richie on its cover.

### Television

In 2014, Morgan joined the cast of The Only Way Is Essex, an ITVBe reality television series. Morgan left the series at the end of the 19th series, and made a guest appearance during the 21st series.
In August 2018, Morgan participated in the fifth series of E4 dating series Celebs Go Dating.

### Activism

In March 2020, Morgan launched the WE MATTER platform to allow a safe space for people to discuss mental health issues without judgement and stigma.
Following the murder of George Floyd, Morgan used his platform to raise over £50,000 to provide free mental health support to black communities.

## Personal life

Morgan is from London, England. He has an older brother and two older sisters. Morgan currently lives in Essex, England.

## Filmography

As himself :
| Year | Title | Notes |
| 2014–2019 | The Only Way Is Essex | Series regular |
| 2018 | Celebs Go Dating | Series 5; main cast |
# Pronesopupa boettgeri

Pronesopupa boettgeri is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Pupillidae. This species is endemic to Hawaii.
# Zhao Changfu

Zhao Changfu (Chinese: 赵长富; born January 1961) is a former Chinese politician. As of November 2022 he was under investigation by China's top anti-graft watchdog. He was investigated by China's top anti-graft agency in November 2022.

## Biography

Zhao was born in January 1961. He joined the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in July 1982, and entered the workforce in August 1983.
He successively served as deputy secretary of the Dandong Municipal Committee of the Communist Youth League of China, deputy party secretary of the Fengcheng and mayor of Fengcheng Municipal People's Government, party secretary of Fengcheng and chairman of the Standing Committee of Fengcheng Municipal People's Congress, and vice mayor of Dandong Municipal People's Government.
He was deputy director of Liaoning Provincial Environmental Protection Department in March 2009, in addition to serving as director of the Office of the Management Committee of Dahuofang Water Source Protection Area since December 2013.
He served as mayor of Yingkou from October 2015 to January 2016, and party secretary, the top political position in the city, from August 2016 to January 2021. He also served as chairman of the Standing Committee of Yingkou Municipal People's Congress between January 2017 and January 2021.
He retired in January 2021.

### Downfall

On 1 November 2022, Zhao handed himself in to the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI), the party's internal disciplinary body, and the National Supervisory Commission, the highest anti-corruption agency of China. His successor Wang Baisheng [zh], also chairman of Yingkou Municipal People's Congress, turned himself in to the anti-corruption agency of China, in the same month.
On 10 May 2023, he was expelled from the CCP and his retirement benefits were cancelled. On June 13, he was indicted on suspicion of accepting bribes. In September, he stood trial at the Intermediate People's Court of Chaoyang on charges of taking bribes.
# MOST

MOST may refer to:

## Organizations

* MOST (Croatia), a political party in Croatia founded in 2012
* Milton J. Rubenstein Museum of Science and Technology, a museum in Syracuse, New York, US
* Ministry of Science and Technology, a ministry or other government agency
* MOST (Association, Serbia) a Non-governmental Citizen's association from Serbia
* Music & Opera Singers Trust, an opera and classic music organisation in Australia that created the Opera Awards
* Management of Social Transformations, a program of the UNESCO

## Science and technology

* Maynard Operation Sequence Technique, a work measurement system
* Media Oriented Systems Transport, an electronic bus type architecture for on-board audio-visual devices, primarily in automobiles
* Microvariability and Oscillations of STars telescope, a stellar photometric monitoring satellite built by Canada
* Molonglo Observatory Synthesis Telescope, a radio telescope in Australia
* MOST (ATM Network) a defunct network of bank Automatic Teller Machines on the East Coast of the United States
# Nicolaj Ritter

Nicolaj Ritter (born 8 May 1992) is a retired Danish footballer.

## Club career
### Silkeborg IF

On 17 May 2011 it was confirmed, that Ritter had joined Silkeborg IF on a 2-year deal.
He started playing a year with the U19 team, but already in the first match of the season, Ritter got his debut against his former club FC Midtjylland on 17 July 2011, where he replaces Christian Holst in the 76th minute.
On 17 May 2013, Ritter got renewed his contract until the summer 2014.

### SønderjyskE

On 8 June 2016 it was confirmed, that Ritter had signed a two-year contract with SønderjyskE.

### Vejle Boldklub

On 31 January 2018, Ritter signed for Vejle Boldklub, after getting his contract with SønderjyskE terminated. After only a half season, Vejle announced, that Ritter alongside two teammates would leave the club at the end of the season.

### FC Fredericia

On 5 July 2018, Ritter signed for FC Fredericia.
On 21 May 2024 Fredericia confirmed that their captain Ritter, after 155 games for the club, had decided to end his career after the end of the current season.