OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nobles' Land Bank

Nobles' Land Bank (Russian: Дворянский земельный банк) was a bank operating in the Russian Empire founded in 1885. The bank was created to provide cheap loans to Russian landed nobility as the mortgages of their estates.

## History

The Nobles' Land Bank was founded in 1885 to maintain the land tenure of hereditary nobles. It was located in St. Petersburg, Admiralty Embankment, house 14.
The bank applied to the European part of the Russian Empire, excluding the Grand Duchy of Finland, the Kingdom of Poland, the Baltic Governorates and the Transcaucasus. The loans were issued to landowners on the security of their land possessions in the amount of 60-75% of the value of land (including burdensome debts). The maximum period of repayment of the loan reached 48 years 4 months, but was later increased to 51 years, and then up to 66 years 6 months. In the 1880s the percentage paid on the loan was 5%-6%, and by 1897 it was reduced to 3.5%. Late payments were charged with 0.5 percent in the first two months and 1 percent in the next. In accordance with the Regulation of 26.6.1889 the estate could be appointed to auction, but in practice it was not applied.
In 1890, Bank's activities were extended to the Transcaucasus, in 1894 — to the Western province of the Empire.
In November 25 (December 8) of 1917 the Bank was abolished by the decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR.
# Calyptocarpus vialis

Calyptocarpus vialis is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. Common names for C. vialis include straggler daisy, horseherb, lawnflower, and creeping Cinderella-weed. It is native to south Texas, Mexico, Belize, Venezuela, and the Caribbean. It has also been introduced east of Texas, Argentina, Hawaii, India, Java, Australia, and Taiwan. It is one of only three species in the genus Calyptocarpus.
The opposite leaves are typically 1–3 cm (0.39–1.18 in) long and triangular to lanceolate in shape. It bears heads of yellow flowers, with around 10–20 disc florets and 3–8 ray florets, the laminae of the latter around 2–5 mm (0.079–0.197 in) long. It flowers year round. It is a weedy species, found in lawns and along other disturbed areas such as roadsides and paths.
Calyptocarpus vialis possess medicinal properties that are as effective as the antibacterial drug ciprofloxacin. Additionally, Calyptocarpus vialis extracts are more effective against fungal stains than the standard market drug. With further research and development, Calyptocarpus vialis can be crucial in developing medications for various diseases.
# British military post offices in Africa

The British post offices in Africa were a system of post offices set up by the United Kingdom to be used by its Middle East Forces and East Africa Forces in Africa during and after World War II.

## Middle East Forces

Definitive British stamps were overprinted "M.E.F." beginning in 1942. They were available in Cyrenaica, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Somalia, Tripolitania as well as in the Dodecanese islands in the Aegean. At the beginning of 1943, the color-changed definitives were also overprinted, and in 1947, the 5-shilling and 10-shilling stamps received the overprint. In 1950, the British government declared that the remaining overprinted stamps were valid for postage throughout the UK, and so many of the surviving stamps have British inland rather than foreign postmarks.

## East Africa Forces

The East Africa Forces in Italian Somalia also received British stamps, but overprinted "E.A.F." instead, beginning 15 January 1943.

## Eritrea, Somalia and Tripolitania

From 1948 on, the military administrations in Eritrea, Somalia, and Tripolitania used their own overprints.
# Ramon Farolan

Ramon J. Farolan (August 31, 1934 – May 31, 2023) was a Philippine Air Force general, government official, diplomat and columnist.

## Early life

Farolan was born on August 31, 1934, in Baguio. He would finish his secondary studies at the University of the Philippines Diliman before attending the Philippine Military Academy (PMA). He graduated from the PMA in 1956. He would accomplish the Philippine Air Force Flying School Class in 1957. He would also obtain a master's degree at the Asian Institute of Management in 1975.

## Career

Farolan initially served in the Philippine Army in Quezon as part of the 4th Battalion Combat Team. His unit was tasked to quell the Hukbalahap rebellion. He would be recalled to the Philippine Air Force (PAF) to undergo military pilot training and be an instructor at the PAF Flying School.
Farolan served various roles in both the military and civilian government between 1964 and 1986. These positions included military supervisor for Customs, administrator of the Civil Aviation Authority, and commissioner of the Bureau of Customs, also serving as chairman of the Board of Examiners for Customs Brokers.
On February 24, 1986, Farolan was named Commanding General of the Philippine Air Force following the People Power Revolution which deposed President Ferdinand Marcos. He served until his retirement on October 8 in the same year.

## Later life and death

After his retirement from the military, Farolan would serve as the Philippine Ambassador to Indonesia for two and a half years and later head the Export Processing Zone Authority for two years. He was also president of the Philippine Football Federation.
Farolan also became a columnist for The Philippine Star and the Philippine Daily Inquirer. He would write for the former in the late 1990s to the early 2000s, where he also served as president and editor-in-chief; for the latter from 2003 to 2022.

## Personal life

Farolan was married to Sylvia M. Joaquin of Quezon City and had three children. Farolan died on May 31, 2023.
# Battle of Agüi

The Battle of Agüi was fought at Fuerte de Agüi, near Ancud, Chiloé on February 18, 1820 between Chilean patriots and Spanish royalists, during the Chilean War of Independence. After the successful capture of Valdivia Lord Cochrane sought to occupy the Chiloé Archipelago which was the last stronghold of the Spanish in Chile. William Miller disembarked for this task but had to reembark after had been severely wounded in his leg and lost 20 men.41°49′46.48″S 73°51′18.26″W﻿ / ﻿41.8295778°S 73.8550722°W﻿ / -41.8295778; -73.8550722

## The battle

The battle was part of an effort to drive Spanish forces from the Chiloé archipelago, some of which were fortified in the San Miguel de Agüi Castle. When Commander Saturino García arrived at the castle to reinforce the Spanish army, he found that Chilean Major William Miller had already begun combat. The patriots felt the urgency of this arrival and a force of 60 men assaulted the fort but 38 men, including Miller, were disabled by shot from within.
Assuming command, Captain Francisco Eréscano formed a new column, but canon and gun fire from within the castle made it difficult to advance towards it over a narrow, broken road. The patriots found their situation made more difficult when a gunboat dispatched from San Carlos by colonial governor Antonio Quintanilla arrived and began firing on their flank.
The patriot column was forced to fall back. Captain Eréscano carried it out in an orderly fashion, evacuating the wounded and assuring that the rear of his column would be protected from the garrison inside the castle, now being reinforced by Captain García’s troops. Nevertheless, Eréscano’s forces still had to repel three attacks from the Spanish. The Chilean forces marched down Huechucucuy Beach and arrived at the cove were their ships were anchored. By this point the Spanish had ceased their pursuit of the patriot force, probably out of a fear of being surrounded by a larger force.
# Mary Ann Wilson

Mary Ann Wilson (born May 15, 1938) is an American nurse and TV fitness instructor. Wilson is also the founder and host of the award-winning exercise show Sit and Be Fit, which is broadcast on over 100 PBS television stations across the United States.
In 1987, Wilson started the PBS show Sit and Be Fit which includes a variety of exercises for the elderly and people with limited mobility. The show revolves around exercises that can be done while sitting in or using a chair, with little effort.

## Background

Wilson graduated in 1959 from St. Francis Hospital and Rehabilitation Center in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. She began her career as a registered nurse specializing in geriatrics and post-polio rehab. In 1985, while teaching an aerobics class, she noticed her older adult clients suffering a high incidence of injury and attrition. In response, she designed a gentle program tailored to their needs. As students began reporting marked improvement in their physical and mental health, Wilson became convinced that there was a need for this type of exercise program on a national level. In 1987, KSPS-TV agreed to produce her Sit and Be Fit television series and distributed the first 30 episodes nationwide. Sit and Be Fit has aired regularly on PBS stations nationwide ever since.
Wilson is the author of several health and fitness publications, including Chair Exercise Basics and has been featured in columns on health in the aging community. She educates healthcare and fitness professionals at national and international health conferences.
In 2010, Wilson served as a national spokesperson for the Prevent DVT coalition. In 2017 she was inducted into the National Fitness Hall of Fame.
Wilson's current activities and history include:
* Registered Nurse
* Executive Producer/Host, SIT AND BE FIT television series
* Executive Director/Founder, SIT AND BE FIT non-profit organization
* Nationally certified by American Council on Exercise
* Member, ASA (American Society on Aging)
* Member, NCOA (National Council on the Aging)
* Member, SFA (American Senior Fitness Association) National Advisory Board
* Member, FEOAA (Fitness Educators Of Active Adults)
* Presenter, IDEA Conventions: 1987, 1988, 1989, 1991, 1995, 1996
* Presenter, 1st International Conference, Prevention: the Key Health for Life, 1994
* Presenter, 4th International Congress, Physical Activity, Aging and Sports, Heidelberg, Germany, 1996

## Personal life

Wilson and her daughter, Gretchen Wilson, (born 1961) who produces and directs the Sit and Be Fit programs her mother hosts, also appear together in the Boomer Be Fit DVD, which Wilson hosts. They reside in Spokane, Washington, where both the Sit and Be Fit TV program and the SABF organization, which is non-profit, are based.
# Mladen Stegić

Mladen Stegić (Serbian: Младен Стегић, born 14 November 1980 in Belgrade, SR Serbia, Yugoslavia) is a Serbian rower.
He participated at the 2000 and 2004 Summer Olympics.
* 2000 Summer Olympics – Men's coxless four – 8th place
* 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's coxless pair – 5th place
# Šakiai District Municipality

Šakiai District Municipality is one of 60 municipalities in Lithuania.
# René Mandrillon

René Mandrillon (born 28 August 1928 in Lamoura, Jura, France – 3 March 1970 in Lamoura) was a French cross-country skier who competed in the 1950s. He finished 18th in the 18 km event at the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo.
# Karelian pasty

Karelian pasties, Karelian pies or Karelian pirogs (Karelian: kalitat, singular kalitta; Olonets Karelian: šipainiekku; Finnish: karjalanpiirakat, singular karjalanpiirakka; or Swedish: karelska piroger) are traditional Finnish pasties or pirogs originating from the region of Karelia. They are eaten throughout Finland as well as in adjacent areas such as Estonia and Russian Karelia.
The oldest traditional pasties usually had a rye crust, but the North Karelian and Ladoga Karelian variants also contained wheat to improve the quality of the crust. The usual fillings were barley and talkkuna. In the 19th century, first potato, and then buckwheat were introduced as fillings, and later, boiled rice and millet.
Today, the most popular version has a thin rye crust with a filling of rice. Mashed potato and rice-and-carrot fillings are also commonly available. Butter, often mixed with chopped-up boiled egg (egg butter or munavoi), is spread over the hot pasties before eating.
Karelian pasties have had traditional speciality guaranteed (TSG) status in Europe since 2003. This means that any producer not following the traditional recipe cannot call them karjalanpiirakka and instead, will have to call them riisipiirakka 'rice pasties', perunapiirakka 'potato pasties', etc., depending on the filling.
# Roy MacGregor-Hastie

Roy MacGregor-Hastie (28 March 1929 – 12 February 1994) was a British author, journalist, political commentator, poet, and translator from and into Romanian.
MacGregor-Hastie was born in Manchester in 1929. In the late 1950s and early 1960s he was a regular contributor to the Sunday Express, and his columns were syndicated worldwide by London Express Features. He spoke seven languages, including Russian, was one of the most widely read commentators on Communist affairs, and reported from Moscow, Warsaw, Prague, Budapest and Bucharest. He also broadcast on radio and TV.
He published many books, including biographies of Nikita Khrushchev, Mao Zedong, Charles George Gordon, and Mircea Snegur. His biography of Nikita Khrushchev sold over 150,000 copies, and has been translated into many European languages and Turkish.
He taught at Kingston upon Hull College of Education (now called Hull College of Education) when Cyril Bibby was Principal (1959-1977). MacGregor-Hastie died in 1994.
He appeared as a castaway on the BBC Radio programme Desert Island Discs on 27 July 1964.

## Publications

* The Life and Times of Nikita Kruschev (1959); US edition: The Man from Nowhere (1961)
* The Red Barbarians: The Life and Times of Mao Tse-tung (1961)
* Don't Send Me to Omsk! (1961) travel/memoir behind the Iron Curtain
* Pope John XXIII (1962)
* The Day of the Lion: The Rise and Fall of Fascist Italy (1922-1945) (1964)
* Pope Paul VI (1964)
* Signor Roy (1965) autobiography - Italian co-operative farming
* The Mechanics of Power: On Government in Spite of the People (1966)
* The Throne of Peter: A History of the Papacy (1966)
* Africa: Background for Today (1967)
* Anthology of Contemporary Romanian Poetry (1969) editor
* Sweet Swan of Humberside (1972) poetry from Hull Art Centre
* Poems for our Lord and Lady (1976)
* Modern Bulgarian Poetry (1976) translated/co-authored with Bozhidar Bozhilor
* Never to be Taken Alive: A Biography of General Gordon (1985)
* Nell Gwyn (1987)
* Picasso's Women (1989)
# EAE Business School

The EAE Business School is a private business school founded in 1958 with campuses in Madrid and Barcelona (Spain).

## History

Founded in 1958 by José de Orbaneja y Aragón. In 2006, Grupo Planeta bought EAE Business School. EAE has one campus in Barcelona and one in Madrid.

## Accreditations

EAE offers third-party accreditations : by the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya for programs in Barcelona, and by the Universidad UNIE for programs in Madrid.

## Affiliations

* Member of AEEDE (Spanish Association of Business Management Schools)
* EFMD (European Foundation for Management Development)
* EBEN (European Business Ethics Network)
* ForQ (Association for Quality in Training)
* CLADEA (Latin American Council of MBA Schools)
* Member of AACSB (The Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business), but not accredited

## Rankings

* Merco Ranking (2016): The School has held the same position in the education sector as the second most reputable business school in Spain for the third year in a row. In the general company league table, the School ranks in 45th place.
* Merco Ranking (2016) : one of the top Spanish companies with the best talents, ranking among the Top Five Business Schools for the tenth consecutive year. With respect to the Merco Ranking of Corporate Responsibility and Governance, in the 2015 edition, EAE ranked 24th in the general company classification.
* El Mundo Ranking, 2016: For the third year in a row, the newspaper El Mundo has named six EAE masters among the best in their specialist fields in Spain (Master in Corporate Communication Management, Master in Financial Management, Master in Operations & Logistic Management, Master in Commercial & Sales Management, Master in Marketing and Commercial Management, Master in Human Resources Management).
* The Best Global Business Schools Ranking 2016: Prepared by the journal, EAE ranks in 13th place.
* Eduniversal Best Masters Ranking Worldwide 2015-2016: Master in Corporate Communication Management, Master in Supply Chain Management and Master in Human Resources Management ranked among the best in the world.

## Media coverage

Some media coverage: Press: El Economista, El País, La Razón. Radio: Canal Extremadura Radio Cadena Ser Radio Intereconomía RTVE Onda Cero Catalunya Television: Noticias Cuatro Guatevisión Noticias Cuatro
# Aquilegia einseleana

Aquilegia einseleana, or Einsele's columbine, is a perennial species of plant in the family Ranunculaceae, native to the eastern Alps.

## Description

Aquilegia einseleana grows to 15–40 cm (5.9–15.7 in) in height. It has 1–3 (rarely up to 6) nodding blue-violet flowers of 2.5–4.0 cm (0.98–1.57 in) in diameter, with straight or slightly incurved spurs of around 9 mm (0.35 in).

## Taxonomy

Aquilegia einseleana is most closely related to Aquilegia bertolonii, Bertoloni's columbine. The two species are estimated to have diverged from each other in the Pliocene around 1.23 million years ago, and form a sister clade to one containing the other European and some North and East Asian species of Aquilegia, from which they diverged approximately 2.5 million years ago.

### Etymology

The species was described by the German botanist Friedrich Wilhelm Schultz (1804–1876) in 1848, and named after his friend Dr. August Max Einsele [de] (1803–1870), a Bavarian physician and botanist.

## Distribution and habitat

Aquilegia einseleana is native to the central and eastern Alps of Slovenia, Bavaria in Germany, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Lombardy, Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, and Veneto in Italy, and Austria. It grows in grassy and rocky limestone areas at altitudes of 600–1,800 m (2,000–5,900 ft), in the montane to subalpine zones.

## Ecology

Aquilegia einseleana flowers from June to July and is pollinated by bumblebees.

## Conservation

The species has not been assessed for the IUCN Red List. In Switzerland, it is considered vulnerable in certain regions, and is fully protected in the Canton of Ticino.
# Julian Riedel

Julian Riedel (born 10 August 1991) is a German professional footballer who plays as a defender for 1. FC Bocholt.

## Career

Riedel came through Bayer Leverkusen's youth setup and made one appearance for the first team – he made his debut in a UEFA Europa League tie against Rosenborg in December 2012, and scored the decisive goal in a 1–0 win.
He signed for Preußen Münster in July 2013.
On 15 June 2022, Riedel signed with Waldhof Mannheim.

## Career statistics

    As of match played 1 August 2020
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | DFB-Pokal | DFB-Pokal | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Bayer Leverkusen II | 2010–11 | Regionalliga West | 16 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 16 | 0 |
| Bayer Leverkusen II | 2011–12 | Regionalliga West | 14 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 14 | 0 |
| Bayer Leverkusen II | 2012–13 | Regionalliga West | 38 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 38 | 1 |
| Bayer Leverkusen II | Total | Total | 68 | 1 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 68 | 1 |
| Bayer Leverkusen | 2012–13 | Bundesliga | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Preußen Münster | 2013–14 | 3. Liga | 23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 23 | 0 |
| Preußen Münster | 2014–15 | 3. Liga | 14 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 15 | 0 |
| Preußen Münster | Total | Total | 37 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 38 | 0 |
| Erzgebirge Aue | 2015–16 | 3. Liga | 25 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 26 | 0 |
| Erzgebirge Aue | 2016–17 | 2. Bundesliga | 12 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 13 | 0 |
| Erzgebirge Aue | Total | Total | 37 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39 | 0 |
| Hansa Rostock | 2017–18 | 3. Liga | 36 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 37 | 0 |
| Hansa Rostock | 2018–19 | 3. Liga | 34 | 0 | 2 | 0 | — | — | 36 | 0 |
| Hansa Rostock | 2019–20 | 3. Liga | 26 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 27 | 0 |
| Hansa Rostock | 2020–21 | 3. Liga | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 |
| Hansa Rostock | Total | Total | 96 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 238 | 1 | 7 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 246 | 2 |
* ↑ Appearance in the Europa League
# Indivisible security

Indivisible security or the indivisibility of security is a term first used during the Cold War. First included in the Helsinki Accords as the "indivisibility of security in Europe", the term states that the security of one nation is inseparable from other countries in its region. In 2022, Russia has used this term to justify its military build-up near Ukraine, which ultimately led to a full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine. The term has also been promoted by China, including as part of its promoted "global security initiative".
# South Lyon High School

South Lyon High School is a public high school located in South Lyon, Michigan, United States, and is part of South Lyon Community Schools. Its cross-town rival is South Lyon East High School.

## History

The South Lyon Union School District was formed in 1876. In 1915, South Lyon Union High School was constructed on the same site at Liberty and Warren. It served as the district school for many years and was later used as the School Administration Building until it was demolished in 1998. In 1955, a new high school was built for the district - Bartlett Elementary. Another new High School was established in 1969 (now Millennium Middle School). In 1990, South Lyon High School moved to its current location, at 11 mile and Pontiac Trail. In 1999, South Lyon High School received an addition, that included 22 classrooms, an auxiliary gym, and a new wrestling room. Over the 2007 summer break, South Lyon High School underwent a major renovation including new flooring, new ceilings in the commons area, and more modern design features. Also in 2007, the main construction on South Lyon East High School was completed, and the new, 2nd high school opened in that year. In 2015 SLHS got its football field redone and the name of the field was changed to honor former SLHS student Dominic Ciaramitaro who died lost his life while serving as a Marine in 2011. In 2017 SLHS (abbreviation for South Lyon High School) built a new entrance after a mill bond was passed to upgrade 12 schools in the South Lyon School District. South Lyon's Mascot is the Lion with the colors blue and gold. South Lyon High School also hosts the annual RED OUT, which raises money for the American Heart Association and has brought over 10,000 dollars in some years.

## Memberships

* North Central Association
* Oakland Schools
* International Thespian Society

## Notable alumni

* Anita Cochran, country singer
* Danny Spanos, rock music artist
* John Heffron (1988), 2004 winner of reality tv series Last Comic Standing
* Dave Brandon, former CEO of Domino's Pizza and former athletic director at the University of Michigan.