OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Barron Collier Bridge

The Barron Collier Bridge is a bridge in Charlotte County, Florida that crosses the Peace River connecting Punta Gorda, Florida and Port Charlotte, Florida. It is 45 feet tall and carries two northbound lanes of U.S. Route 41 (Tamiami Trail). The southbound lanes cross the river on the adjacent Gilchrist Bridge. It was named for Barron G. Collier, a wealthy Southwest Florida land owner and entrepreneur.

## History

The first bridge built across the Peace River in Charlotte County was built in 1921 in anticipation of the construction of the Tamiami Trail and was known as the Charlotte Harbor Bridge. It was located just east of the Barron Collier Bridge, running from Live Oak Point on the north bank of the river to Nesbit Street in Punta Gorda (near where the Laishley Park fishing pier stands). The Charlotte Harbor Bridge became part of the Tamiami Trail, which was fully completed in 1928. After the trail was completed, it was determined that the Charlotte Harbor Bridge was insufficient for the needs of the Tamiami Trail because of poor construction and its lanes were too narrow.
Barron G. Collier, who owned the Hotel Charlotte Harbor, was one of the main proponents of building a new bridge for the Tamiami Trail. Work began on the original Barron Collier Bridge in December 1929. The original Barron Collier Bridge was built a block east of the Charlotte Harbor Bridge at King Street (right next to Collier's hotel). The construction of the bridge necessitated the demolition of the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad’s dock at King Street, as well as its original passenger depot. The railroad built a new passenger depot on Taylor Road as a result, which still stands today.
The original Barron Collier Bridge opened for traffic on July 4, 1931. It included a drawbridge span for vessel traffic on the river. The old Charlotte Harbor Bridge was then closed to traffic, and its swing span over the navigation channel was removed. The sides were converted into fishing piers, which were demolished in the late 1970s.
In 1976, the adjacent Gilchrist Bridge was opened to traffic. Southbound traffic was rerouted onto the Gilchrist Bridge, while both lanes on the Barron Collier Bridge carried northbound traffic. On January 12, 1983, the current Barron Collier Bridge was opened to traffic. It is 45 feet tall, eliminating the need for a drawbridge. It is essentially identical to the Gilchrist Bridge. The old Barron Collier Bridge was then demolished, and its remains were sunk into Charlotte Harbor for an artificial reef.
# Athletics at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics – Boys' shot put

The boys' shot put competition at the 2010 Youth Olympic Games was held on 18–22 August 2010 in Bishan Stadium.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Round |
| 18 August 2010 | 10:55 | Qualification |
| 22 August 2010 | 10:15 | Final |

## Results
### Qualification

| Rank | Athlete | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Result | Notes | Q |
| 1 | Krzysztof Brzozowski (POL) | 22.50 | 22.21 | 22.30 | – | 22.50 | PB | FA |
| 2 | Jackson Gill (NZL) | 20.78 | 21.73 | x | – | 21.73 | | FA |
| 3 | Damien Birkinhead (AUS) | x | 20.89 | x | – | 20.89 | | FA |
| 4 | Frans Schutte (RSA) | x | 20.24 | x | x | 20.24 | PB | FA |
| 5 | Dennis Lewke (GER) | 20.04 | 20.23 | x | – | 20.23 | | FA |
| 6 | Li Meng (CHN) | 19.81 | 19.85 | 20.18 | – | 20.18 | | FA |
| 7 | Arttu Kangas (FIN) | 19.93 | x | 19.89 | – | 19.93 | | FA |
| 8 | Joaquín Ballivián (CHI) | 19.60 | 19.05 | 18.56 | 18.59 | 19.60 | PB | FA |
| 9 | Mantas Jusis (LTU) | 18.46 | x | x | x | 18.46 | | FB |
| 10 | Dimitrios Senikidis (GRE) | 17.96 | 18.43 | 18.35 | x | 18.43 | | FB |
| 11 | Ashinia Miller (JAM) | x | 18.30 | x | x | 18.30 | PB | FB |
| 12 | Ifeanyi Augustine Nwoye (NGR) | 16.84 | 17.80 | 18.02 | 17.76 | 18.02 | PB | FB |
| 13 | Dmytro Ostrovskyy (UKR) | 16.84 | 17.54 | x | 17.71 | 17.71 | | FB |
| 14 | Oscar Vestlund (SWE) | 17.56 | x | 17.68 | x | 17.68 | | FB |
| 15 | Alejandro Noguera (ESP) | 17.38 | x | x | – | 17.38 | | FB |
| 16 | Panyawut Bumroong (THA) | 15.28 | 16.40 | 16.28 | 16.30 | 16.40 | | FB |

### Finals
#### Final B

| Rank | Athlete | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Result | Notes |
| 1 | Mantas Jusis (LTU) | 18.61 | x | 18.96 | 18.89 | 18.96 | |
| 2 | Oscar Vestlund (SWE) | 17.30 | 18.93 | x | 17.81 | 18.93 | PB |
| 3 | Dimitrios Senikidis (GRE) | 18.18 | 18.47 | 17.97 | 18.50 | 18.50 | |
| 4 | Alejandro Noguera (ESP) | 17.89 | x | 18.40 | x | 18.40 | |
| 5 | Ifeanyi Augustine Nwoye (NGR) | 17.74 | 18.08 | 18.22 | x | 18.22 | PB |
| 6 | Ashinia Miller (JAM) | 17.15 | 17.63 | 17.76 | x | 17.76 | |
| 7 | Dmytro Ostrovskyy (UKR) | 17.31 | 17.47 | x | x | 17.47 | |
| 8 | Panyawut Bumroong (THA) | 16.03 | 16.04 | x | x | 16.04 | |

#### Final A

| Rank | Athlete | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Result | Notes |
| | Krzysztof Brzozowski (POL) | 23.23 | 22.75 | 23.02 | 23.14 | 23.23 | WYB |
| | Jackson Gill (NZL) | 21.50 | 22.60 | x | 22.56 | 22.60 | PB |
| | Dennis Lewke (GER) | 21.21 | 21.22 | 21.21 | 21.00 | 21.22 | PB |
| 4 | Damien Birkinhead (AUS) | 20.55 | x | 20.13 | 19.22 | 20.55 | |
| 5 | Arttu Kangas (FIN) | 19.67 | 19.83 | 20.45 | x | 20.45 | |
| 6 | Joaquín Ballivián (CHI) | 20.36 | x | 19.23 | x | 20.36 | PB |
| 7 | Li Meng (CHN) | 20.25 | x | x | x | 20.25 | |
| | Frans Schutte (RSA) | x | x | x | x | NM | |
# Volha Talayeva

Volha Talayeva (born 6 January 1987 in Vitebsk) is a Belarusian short track speed skater.
Talayeva competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics for Belarus. In the 1500 metres she was sixth in her heat, ending up 32nd overall.
As of September 2014, Talayeva's best performance at the World Championships came in 2014, when she finished 31st in the 1500m, and her top World Cup ranking is 38th, in the 1500 metres in 2013–14.
# Nikon Zfc

The Nikon Zfc, announced on 29 June 2021 and released in July 2021, is a mirrorless interchangeable-lens camera with the Nikon Z-mount with a MSRP of $960 body only, in the US.
It is based on the DX-format Nikon Z50 and has a classic design with control dials, similar to the Nikon FM2, an F-mount film camera launched in 1982. The body is made from magnesium alloy and carbon composite materials. The Zfc launched with a silver body and 6 premium exterior colors, but as of 2025, the Zfc has 26 styles available: a silver body that can be customized with 12 premium exterior colors (white, mint green, coral pink, amber brown, natural grey, sand beige, midnight grey, chalk blue, mustard yellow, crimson red, walnut brown, olive green) and a "Black Edition" with a black body with the same premium exterior options, with which Nikon also announced the Nikkor Z 40mm ƒ/2 SE lens (Special Edition) in November 2022. The set includes a Nikkor Z 28mm ƒ/2.8 lens (Special Edition) designed to match the body. The silver body is also distributed in a bundle with a silver version of Nikkor Z DX 16-50mm f/3.5-6.3 VR (SL).
On 12 September 2024, Nikon announced four "HERALBONY" limited editions of the Zfc, featuring designs created by neurodiverse artists. Nikon and HERALBONY selected four works of art of more than 2,000 pieces in the HERALBONY licensed collection. The selected artworks are "Yurinoyoakeri" by Masaharu Honda, "Cone Flower" by Masahiro Fukui, "Joyful Time" by Teppei Kasahara and "Samba" by Momoko Eguchi.
The name "fc" is taken from the "f," which represents the fusion of Nikon's history and technology, and the "c," which represents the casual use of a camera with a classic design. On 2 July 2021, Nikon announced that the Zfc "may not be available by the launch date due to higher than expected reservations".
The Zfc has won the Camera Grand Prix 2022 Editors Choice R&D Award.
* Zfc + NIKKOR Z 28 mm f/2.8 SE
* Silver Zfc in various colors (top fltr: Sand Beige, Mint Green, Natural Grey; bottom: Coral Pink, White, Amber Brown)
* Zfc + Sigma 18-35 mm f/1.8 F-mount lens (with FTZ adapter)
# John Hilton (soccer)

John Kenneth Hilton (born June 15, 2001), occasionally known as Xuxuh Hilton, is an American soccer player who plays as a left-back for Dutch club Dordrecht.

## Club career

Having started his career with Chivas USA, Hilton moved to the Netherlands in 2015 to join Dutch giants Ajax. However, after having his move investigated by FIFA, Hilton was told to return to the United States, which he did in 2016, joining LA Galaxy.
In July 2023, Hilton signed a two-year contract with Eerste Divisie club Dordrecht.

## International career

Hilton was born in the United States to an American father and Brazilian mother. He is a youth international for the United States, having represented the United States under-16s.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of August 18, 2023
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National cup | National cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Volendam II | 2019–20 | Tweede Divisie | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| Volendam II | 2021–22 | Tweede Divisie | 19 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 2 | 0 | 21 | 0 |
| Volendam II | Total | Total | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 26 | 0 |
| Volendam | 2021–22 | Eerste Divisie | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 0 | 0 | 9 | 0 |
| Koninklijke | 2022–23 | Tweede Divisie | 32 | 1 | 1 | 0 | – | – | 0 | 0 | 33 | 1 |
| Dordrecht | 2023–24 | Eerste Divisie | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 67 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 70 | 2 |
# Wait/walk dilemma

The wait/walk dilemma occurs when waiting for a bus at a bus stop, when the duration of the wait may exceed the time needed to arrive at a destination by another means, especially walking. Some work on this problem was featured in the 2008 "Year in Ideas" issue of The New York Times Magazine.

## Research

The dilemma has been studied in an unpublished report entitled "Walk Versus Wait: The Lazy Mathematician Wins." Anthony B. Morton's paper "A Note on Walking Versus Waiting" supports and extends Chen et al.'s results. Ramnik Arora's "A Note on Walk versus Wait: Lazy Mathematician Wins" discusses what he believes to be some of the errors in Chen et al.'s argument; the result of Chen et al.'s paper still holds following Arora's alleged corrections. As early as 1990, writer Tom Parker had observed that "walking is faster than waiting for a bus if you're going less than a mile".
As an undergraduate mathematics major at Harvard, Scott D. Kominers first began fixating on the problem while walking from MIT to Harvard, which are more than a mile apart in Cambridge, Massachusetts along MBTA bus route 1. He enlisted the help of Caltech physics major Justin G. Chen and Harvard statistics major Robert W. Sinnott to perform the analysis.
Their paper concludes that it is usually mathematically quicker to wait for the bus, at least for a little while. But once made, the decision to walk should be final instead of waiting again at subsequent stops. The paper also showed potential applications to the field of cryptography.

## Interstellar travel

The corresponding problem in interstellar travel is called the wait calculation, which tries to determine the optimal time to wait for technological progress to improve spaceship speeds before committing to the journey.
# Ghaut

Ghaut may refer to:
* Ghat, either a range of stepped hills with valleys, or the series of steps leading down to a body of water
* Ghaut, a watercourse in Basseterre Valley, Saint Kitts and Nevis, and Centre Hills, Montserrat
* The Ghauts, a rocky ridge by Limekilns, Fife, Scotland
# Karsten Albert

Karsten Albert (born 13 October 1968) is a German luger who competed from 1998 to 2003. He won a silver medal in the mixed team event at the 2001 FIL World Luge Championships in Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Albert also won three medals at the FIL European Luge Championships with one gold (Mixed team: 1998) and two silvers (Men's singles: 1998, Mixed team: 2000. Albert also finished sixth in the men's singles event at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City.
# United States Deputy Secretary of Veterans Affairs

The deputy secretary of veterans affairs, in the United States government, is the chief operating officer of the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, responsible for a nationwide system of health care services, benefits programs, and national cemeteries for America's veterans and their dependents. The deputy secretary is the second-highest-ranking officer in the department and succeeds the secretary in the event of his resignation, death, or otherwise inability to fulfill his duties.
The deputy secretary is appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate. The position was created with the creation of the Department of Veterans Affairs in October 1988.
Currently, this position is vacant. The last deputy secretary was Tanya J. Bradsher, who replaced Donald Remy on September 20, 2023.

## List of deputy secretaries of veterans affairs

| No. | Portrait | Name | Term of office | Term of office | President(s) served under |
| No. | Portrait | Name | Start | End | President(s) served under |
| 1 | | Anthony Joseph Principi | March 17, 1989 | September 26, 1992 | George H. W. Bush |
| 2 | | Hershel Wayne Gober | February 4, 1993 | August 10, 2000 | Bill Clinton |
| – | | Edward A. "Ned" Powell, Jr. (acting) | August 10, 2000 | January 20, 2001 | Bill Clinton |
| 3 | | Leo S. Mackay, Jr. | May 24, 2001 | September 30, 2003 | George W. Bush |
| 4 | | Gordon H. Mansfield | January 22, 2004 | January 20, 2009 | George W. Bush |
| 5 | | W. Scott Gould | April 9, 2009 | May 17, 2013 | Barack Obama |
| 6 | | Sloan D. Gibson | February 11, 2014 | January 20, 2017 | Barack Obama |
| – | | Gina Farrisee (acting) | January 20, 2017 | February 25, 2017 | Donald Trump |
| – | | Scott Blackburn (acting) | February 26, 2017 | August 9, 2017 | Donald Trump |
| 7 | | Thomas G. Bowman | August 10, 2017 | June 15, 2018 | Donald Trump |
| 8 | | James Byrne | August 28, 2018 | September 16, 2019 | Donald Trump |
| 8 | | James Byrne | September 16, 2019 | February 3, 2020 | Donald Trump |
| – | | Pamela J. Powers (acting) | April 2, 2020 | January 20, 2021 | Donald Trump |
| – | | Carolyn Clancy (acting) | January 20, 2021 | July 19, 2021 | Joe Biden |
| 9 | | Donald Remy | July 19, 2021 | April 1, 2023 | Joe Biden |
| – | | Guy Kiyokawa (acting) | April 1, 2023 | September 19, 2023 | Joe Biden |
| 10 | | Tanya J. Bradsher | September 20, 2023 | January 20, 2025 | Joe Biden |
# Wigwam (Welsh band)

Wigwam are a Welsh indie rock band from Cardiff. Originally forming at Ysgol Gyfun Gymraeg Plasmawr in order to play one concert, they composed a musical for the 2018 Cardiff National Eisteddfod. They released their debut album, Coelcerth, in 2018, along with a follow-up single in 2019. After a four-year absence, they released three singles in 2023.

## Career

Wigwam formed in 2017 at Ysgol Gyfun Gymraeg Plasmawr in order to play one concert at Clwb Ifor Bach four days later. After the concert, they decided to keep performing together. Wigwam released their first official single, "Mynd a Dod", on 6 July 2018. The song was recorded as part of a musical of the same name, also composed by the band, commissioned by the National Eisteddfod of Wales, the Arts Council of Wales, and Ysgol Plasmawr, and performed at the Wales Millennium Centre during the 2018 Cardiff National Eisteddfod. During the 2018 Eisteddfod, they also competed in Brwydr y Bandiau (Battle of the Bands) and reached the final, losing to Y Sybs.
Wigwam's debut album, Coelcerth, was released on 3 August 2018. Many of its songs were from the same musical as "Mynd a Dod". The band also released a follow-up single, "Rhyddid", in 2019. In January 2019, Wigwam were nominated for Best New Band or Artist at the 2018 Y Selar Awards. The same month, they were the topic of a session with Ochr 1.
In February 2023, after four years without releasing music, Wigwam released the single "Problemau Pesimistaidd". In July, they released the single "Billy", with the band's bass player, Griff Daniels, singing the vocals. In December of the same year, they released another single, "Trueni". Daniel Jones, the band's drummer, stated after the release of "Billy" that the band was hoping to release an EP.

## Musical style

Wigwam's music is inspired by bands such as The Beths, Alvvays, R.E.M, and Teenage Fanclub, and has been described as "jangle-pop". Y Selar described many of their singles, such as "Problemau Pesimistaidd" and "Trueni", as a "ffrwydrad" ("explosion"). Wigwam's music ranges from heavy rock and roll to lighter, slower songs.

## Members

* Gareth (vocals)
* Rhys Morris (guitar)
* Elis (guitar)
* Griff Daniels (bass)
* Daniel Jones (drums)

## Discography
### Albums

* Coelcerth (2018)

### Singles

* "Mynd a Dod" (2018)
* "Rhyddid" (2019)
* "Problemau Pesimistaidd" (2023)
* "Billy" (2023)
* "Trueni" (2023)
# Abakhel

Aba Khel is a subtribe of the Mandanr Yusufzai Pashtun tribe. Their settlements are located mainly in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan, and include the villages of Zaida, Kaddi, Hund, Shah Mansur, Khunda, Ambar, Panjpir, Beka, Aryan, Lahor, Kheshgi Nowshera Kalan (in the Nowshera District), and Ragastoon.

## Lineage

Aba Khel are descendents of the Mandanr tribe. Mandanr had four sons, Mano, Hazar, Razar, and Mahmoud. Mano had two sons, Usman and Utman. Usman had two sons, Amanzai and Kamalzai. Utman had four sons, Akazai, Sadozai, Alizai and Kannazai. The descendants of Utman's son Sadozai are called Sadu Zais who were further divided into five families including Aba Khel, Umar Khel, Khadu Khel, Mir Ahmad Khel and Behzad Khel. Descendants of the Aba Khel family then settled in the districts Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

### Family tree
## History

Yusafzai are named after Yusaf who was the son of Manday along with Umar. Umar died early and left behind his son Mandanr who married the daughter of his uncle Yusaf. The descendants of both Yusaf and Mandanr are together called Yousafzai.

## People

* Nisar Muhammad Yousafzai, War Hero of the Afghan War of Independence and a founding father of Tajikistan
# Kang Chu Sports Park

The Kang Chu Sports Park (traditional Chinese: 港區運動公園; simplified Chinese: 港区运动公园; pinyin: Gǎng Qū Yùndòng Gōngyuán) is a sport center in Shalu District, Taichung, Taiwan. The center is the fourth sports park in Taichung.

## History

The soft opening of the sport center was done on 21 December 2018 which was attended by Taichung Mayor Lin Chia-lung. It was officially opened on 30 December 2018.

## Architecture

The sport center features fitness center, gymnastic room, table tennis room, badminton courts, outdoor roller rink etc. Its façade is painted with blue and white colors.
# Bombardment of Lewes

The Bombardment of Lewes was a military engagement during the War of 1812 during which a British naval squadron bombarded the American town of Lewes, Delaware.

## The bombardment

Following the outbreak of the War of 1812 between the United States and Great Britain, British naval forces established a partial blockade of the American eastern seaboard. As part of this strategy of blockade, the Royal Navy also conducted a series of sporadic attacks against American towns and coastal shipping. In March 1813 a force of British ships arrived in the Delaware Bay, where they proceeded to enforce the British blockade.
On 4 April 1813 a small British squadron commanded by Commodore John P. Beresford aboard HMS Poictiers arrived off the coast of Delaware, bound for Cape Henlopen. The warships approached the port town of Lewes, Delaware, encountering a small, revolution-era coastal defense battery to the west of town. Lewes itself was defended by a hastily-assembled fort that had been built from pine logs in the town center. Beresford laid anchor and sent a shore party to the town, where their attempts to requisition supplies from the townspeople were rebuked by the arrival of the Delaware state militia. After several failed attempts to negotiate a surrender of supplies, Commodore Beresford addressed a final letter to "the first magistrate at Lewistown". The letter read;
   Sir,
   As soon as you receive this, I request you will send 20 live bullocks with a proportionate quantity of vegetables and hay to the Poictiers for the use of Britannic Majesty's squadron now at this anchorage, which will be immediately paid for at the Philadelphia prices. If you refuse to comply with this request I shall be under necessity of destroying your town.
   I have the honor to be, sir, your very obedient servant,
   J. P. Beresford
   Commodore and commander of the British Squadron in the Mouth of the Delaware.
The letter was received by the governor of Delaware, who had traveled from the state capital in Dover to Lewes in light of the situation with the British. The governor replied to Beresford that acquiescing to his demands would violate the laws of the United States, and so declined the command. In response, the British flotilla bombarded the town over the course of 22 hours from 6 to 7 April. The British fire - which consisted of cannonballs and Congreve rockets - was for the most part ineffective, though several chimneys in the town suffered minor damage. The Americans returned fire, and succeed in setting one British gunboat aflame. Beresford broke off his attack on 7 April, and his ships withdrew to continue blockading the Delaware Bay. Casualties for the bombardment were recorded by the Americans as one pig wounded (leg broken) and one chicken killed. The British also suffered no casualties.

### Legacy

One of the homes damaged in the bombardment, now known as the "Cannonball House" on account a British cannonball being lodged in its foundation, serves as Lewes' maritime history museum. A copy of Commodore Beresford's letter of demands to the town is stored in the house.
# Battle of Quechereguas (1814)

The battle of Quechereguas occurred on 8 April 1814, during the War of Chilean Independence.

## Background

The Royalists had taken the key Patriot town of Talca in March, 1814, and an army, under the command of Gabino Gaínza, now threatened to advance on the Patriot capital of Santiago itself. Bernardo O' Higgins, the famous Patriot leader, attempted to intervene to prevent this.

## The battle

Gabino Gaínza had crossed over the Maule river with his forces, advancing northwards. O' Higgins was unable to pursue him during the day, because of the size of the Royalist force. During the night, however, O' Higgins secretly made the crossing, marched rapidly to the north and placed himself at the site of Quechereguas, in between the Royalist force and the road to Santiago. Gabino Gaínza responded by attacking the next day; O' Higgins' men firmly repulsed the attack, forcing the Royalists to fall back on Talca once more.