OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bradford School (Columbus)

Bradford School was a small, private, for-profit career college in Columbus, Ohio. It originally was founded in 1911 and moved to its current suburban campus location in 2003. It had on-campus housing for students but more than half of students lived in the Columbus area and commute.
It no longer accepted new students as of June 3, 2019. The school remained open for current students to complete their programs through April 2020 and then closed.

## Academics

Bradford School provided career-focused courses to high school graduates. Students could graduate in 10–12 months by earning a diploma. Associate of Applied Science degree programs could be completed in 16–20 months. Bradford awarded both diplomas and applied science associate degrees. The school grouped its three major areas of study into three main categories: Culinary Arts, Veterinary Technology, and Physical Therapy. The school also offered Graphic Design courses in their past, though dropped this program after the class of 2017's graduation.

## Veterinary Technology

One of seven Vet Tech Institute campuses,(VTI)at Bradford School offered students hands-on learning in an 18-month Associate of Applied Science degree program. The facility contained an on-site kennel, well equipped laboratory and animal science classrooms, and X-ray and surgical suites. Students worked with many different kinds of animals and were supervised by on-staff veterinarians and registered veterinary technicians. Completion of the school's American Veterinary Medical Association accredited program qualified an individual to take the national licensing exam to become a registered veterinary technician. During the last semester, students completed an off-site externship, coordinated by the institute.

## Culinary arts

The Columbus Culinary Institute (CCI) was a division of the Bradford School, and was located on their campus. Bradford's dormitories were available for students, but more than half of the students lived in the Columbus area and commute. The program had an undergraduate population of 150. A high school diploma was a prerequisite, and 54% of applicants were accepted to the program. Nearly all graduates were placed in jobs. CCI awards associate degrees to graduates.
The culinary arts associate degree program required 18-months to complete. The culinary arts diploma program required 12-months to complete. Much of the curriculum involved hands-on instruction in five new kitchens modeled after professional facilities. Academic courses focused on culinary arts knowledge. During the last semester of the associate degree program, students completed an off-site externship, coordinated by the institute.
# Mang Kepweng Returns

Mang Kepweng Returns is a 2017 Filipino fantasy comedy horror film. The film is directed by Giuseppe Bede Sampedro and is under the production of Cineko Productions in association with Viva Films.
The film is a remake of the 1979 film Mang Kepweng where the titular protagonist, a funny albularyo, was portrayed by comedian Chiquito.
It was released in Philippine cinemas on January 4, 2017, exactly the same day of Vhong Navarro's birthday.

## Synopsis

The story revolves around Kiefer (Vhong Navarro), a normal guy who lives a quiet life until he goes through bizarre experiences, seeing ghosts and evil spirits. With this, his mother Milagros (Jacklyn Jose) is forced to tell him the truth that he is Mang Kepweng's son.
With Kiefer's determination to know more about his roots and how he is connected to the paranormal occurrences he is experiencing, he travels to the provinces meeting his half-brother Zach (James Blanco), a successful doctor who cannot cure his wife's Via (Sunshine Cruz) mysterious illness.
Zach later revealed that their late father Mang Kepweng (Chiquito) left a scarf which gives a healing power to whoever wears it. With Zach's desire to cure his wife, he tried it but it didn’t work which turns out that Kiefer is the chosen one who can heal using the magical scarf and this signals a new road for Kiefer, as the new Mang Kepweng this time.

## Cast
### Main cast

* Vhong Navarro as Kiefer Rivera/Mang Kepweng
* Kim Domingo as Alyssa

### Supporting cast

* Cristian Caingin as Estong Eskaryote
* Jaclyn Jose as Milagros Rivera, Kiefer's mother
* James Blanco as Dr. Zacharias Rivera, Kiefer's half-brother
* Sunshine Cruz as Via Rivera, Zach's wife and Kiefer's sister-in-law
* Juancho Trivino as Boy Pogi
* Balang as Mac, Kiefer's adopted nephew
* Chunsa Jung as Bea, Kiefer's adopted niece
* Jobert Austria as Shugo
* Alex Calleja as Gabe
* Xia Vigor as Menggay, Nora's Daughter
* Josh de Guzman as Butchoy, Nora's son
* Jhong Hilario as Vladimir
* Pen Medina as Ingkong Kapiz
* Louise de los Reyes as Sofia
* Jackie Rice as Prinsesa Alissandra
* Valeen Montenegro as Rachelle
* Crazy Duo as Mickey & Bugs

### Special Participation

* Helga Krapf as young Milagros
* Luz Fernandez as Komadrona
* Petite
* Bangky as Dedo "Mang Dedz" Manzano
* Lotlot de Leon as Aling Dara
* Shalala
* Ahron Villena
* Tart Carlos
* Marlou Arizala
* Odette Khan
* Matet de Leon as Nora
* Ryan Bang
* Aling Carmen

## Sequel

A sequel was announced on August 20, 2019, on Twitter entitled Mang Kepweng: Ang Lihim ng Bandanang Itim and part of the 2020 Metro Manila Film Festival and to be released on December 25, 2020.
# 1852 Danish Folketing election

Folketing elections were held in Denmark on 4 August 1852. Although the National Liberal Party became the largest party, Christian Albrecht Bluhme of the Højre party remained Prime Minister after the elections.

## Electoral system

The elections were held using first-past-the-post voting in single-member constituencies. Only 15% of the population was eligible to vote in the elections, with suffrage restricted to men over 30 who were not receiving poor relief (or who had not paid back any previous poor relief received), were not classed as "dependents" (those who were privately employed but did not have a household) and who had lived in their constituency for a certain length of time.

## Results

| | National Liberal Party | | | 47 | +5 |
| | Society of the Friends of Peasants | | | 40 | –5 |
| | Højre | | | 9 | +1 |
| | Others | | | 5 | –1 |
| Total | Total | | | 101 | 0 |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 211,002 | 26.6 | | |
| Source: Skov, Nohlen & Stöver ||||||
# Siege of Laghouat

The siege of Laghouat was an episode of the Algerian genocide perpetrated by the French. General Aimable Pélissier commanding an army of 6,000, besieged the city of Laghouat from 21 November until 4 December 1852, when the city capitulated. The brutal treatment of the inhabitants was part of the scorched earth tactic of the French army and one of the first instances of recorded use of chemical weapon on civilians.
The storming of Laghouat turned quickly into several days of massacres to punish the population that was treated as combating enemies. The battle also witness the several deaths on the French side including that of general Bouscaren, that added to the fervor of the French soldiers to want to take revenge on the population setting an example for other towns and cities throughout the south of Algeria. About two thirds (2,500 to 3,000 out of a total of 4,500 inhabitants remaining in the besieged city) including women and children were massacred.
The massacre left a deep trauma in the Laghouati population that endures to this day. The year when the city was emptied of its population is still known to the inhabitants of Laghouat as "the year of the Khalya", meaning "emptiness" in Arabic. It is also commonly known as "the year of Hessian sacks", referring to the way the captured surviving men and boys were put alive in sacks and thrown into trenches. Many reports of the battle were written by army chiefs and soldiers as well as visitors of the city after the massacre reported the morbid atmosphere of the city following the siege.
Surviving women were so afraid for their young sons of being collected by the French forces that they came up with a ruse to hide them. They dressed them as girls and put an earring on one ear. The tradition of protecting young boys from evil with an earring has survived until today.
The level of brutality of the massacre of Laghouat was a show of force as well as part of the long scorched earth tactic of the three French generals that took the fortified city. By ordering the massacre of the population, the French were eyeing all the remaining Saharian territories beyond Laghouat. During the battle of Laghouat several tribes and other city republics and fortresses delivered help to try to stop the advance of the French, namely Ghardaïa (and therefore the whole of the Mozabite confederation), Metlili, and Ouargla. The nobles of the latter cities, after witnessing or hearing of the atrocities committed in Laghouat, quickly sought a peaceful agreement to surrender their cities or sign treaties to keep their autonomy under the protection of France.
A few months after Laghouat, on 29 April 1853, general Randon, the French governor of Algeria, signed a treaty of protectorate with the nobles of the cities of M'zab, known in France as the capitulation of the Mzab.
# 1854 Danish Folketing election

Folketing elections were held in Denmark on 1 December 1854. Following the elections, Peter Georg Bang became Prime Minister on 12 December.

## Electoral system

The elections were held using first-past-the-post voting in single-member constituencies. Only 14% of the population was eligible to vote in the elections, with suffrage restricted to men over 30 who were not receiving poor relief (additionally disqualifying those who had not paid back any previous poor relief received), were not classed as "dependents" (those who were privately employed but did not have a household) and who had lived in their constituency for a certain length of time.

## Results

| | National Liberal Party–Society of the Friends of Peasants | | | 78 | – |
| | Højre | | | 17 | – |
| | Others | | | 6 | –1 |
| Total | Total | | | 101 | 0 |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 218,329 | 20.3 | | |
| Source: Skov, Nohlen & Stöver ||||||
# Joachim Stenbäcken

Joachim Stenbäcken (pronounced; born 26 May 1963) is a Swedish former handball player who played as a pivot. He was born and raised in Vårgårda and made his senior debut for Vårgårda IK in the 1978–79 season. He later moved to Alingsås HK before signing for top division club IFK Karlskrona in 1982. In his first season with the club they reached the final of the IHF Cup, where they were defeated by Soviet club ZTR Zaporizhia. He scored more than 400 goals in his five seasons for Karlskrona. In 1987 he left the club and joined second division club SoIK Hellas, where he played for two seasons. In 1989 he signed for IFK Kristianstad and helped them to promotion back to the top division in his first season. They were relegated after one season but were promoted again a year later. He left the club in 1995 and signed for league rivals Stavstens IF. He later returned to Hellas before rejoining Kristianstad, who were now playing in lower divisions, in 1998. He continued to play for the club until he retired in 2004. He played 340 matches for Kristianstad and scored 1350 goals for the club, the second most behind Bo Ahlberg. In total he scored 2400 goals in his career.
He played 55 matches for the Swedish national team between 1983 and 1987. He was a member of the team that finished fourth in the 1986 World Championship.
After his handball career he became a journalist for Kvällsposten writing about harness racing, having long been a follower of the sport. He later studied psychology, having been interested in the psychological factors of handball during his playing career. In 2014–15 he was mental coach for HIF Karlskrona, helping the team to reach promotion to the top division. In 2017 he joined Kristianstad HK in the same position, reuniting with former HIF Karlskrona coach Ulf Schefvert.
His nephew is handball player Jonathan Stenbäcken.
# Battle of Rio Grande City

The Battle of Rio Grande City was a military engagement during the Cortina War between pro-Mexican Cortinistas and a group of US Army regulars supported by Texas Rangers.

## Background

In 1859, the United States Army moved its garrisons on the lower Rio Grande to Fort Brown, prompting Chena Cortina to attack Rio Grande City and all along the Rio Grande Valley from Laredo to the Gulf of Mexico.$^{:260}$ Governor Hardin Richard Runnels ordered Rip Ford with a detachment of State Troops (Texas Rangers) to Fort Brown, where he combined forces with Major Heintzelman and other Texas Rangers under Captain Tobin.$^{:268}$ The march there "brought to light many acts of vandalism. Houses had been robbed and fired, fences burned, property destroyed or carried into Mexico. Settlements were broken up for the time being; the inhabitants had fled for their lives. Cortina had committed these outrages upon citizens of the United States...".$^{:270}$ On 26 December, Cortina was camped in the main street of Rio Grande City.$^{:271}$

## Battle

Cortina's right flank was on the Rio Grande.$^{:271}$ Major Ford's Texas Rangers were to turn the left flank of Cortina (on a little hill overlooking the town) while Major Heintzelman approached with his artillery at dawn on the 27th. At daylight, Major Ford drove in Cortina's picket, forced back a reconnoitering party, fired into Ringgold Barracks, forced it back, gained the crest of the hill and found the town empty.$^{:273}$ Cortina's artillery was on the Roma road and under a heavy fog, but Lt. Fry's detachment silenced it.$^{:273}$ Cortina's cavalry charged but Ford's troops left "Cortina's bold riders...on the ground."$^{:273}$ The Mexicans started to retreat at which time Heintzleman's troops arrived and helped Ford pursue the Mexicans to the river, killing many and forcing them to abandon their artillery.$^{:274}$

## Aftermath

Cortina's forces retreated into Mexico near Guerrero and Mier.$^{:275}$ Major Heintzelman moved up the Rio Grande to Roma while Ford marched to Brownsville forming a new company of eighty-three Texas Rangers.$^{:281}$ On 2 February 1860, Ford and his Texas Rangers were placed under the command of Major Heintzelman and was responsible for clearing "the country of robbing bands" and defending the steamer Ranchero's passage from Rio Grande City to Brownsville from Cortina.$^{:280–281}$ On 4 February, Ford and forty-eight Rangers crossed into Mexico, confronted Cortina's forces around La Bolsa and forced them to flee.$^{:282–286}$ Ford stayed on the Mexican side of the Rio Grande until 6 February when he received assurances the Ranchero would not be attacked.$^{:289}$ The Ranchero reached Brownsville safely on 8 February.$^{:289}$
Lt. Col. Robert E. Lee relieved Major Heintzelman and the Mexican authorities offered to restrain "their citizens from making predatory descents upon the territory and people of Texas...this was the last active operation of the Cortina War".$^{:305–306}$
# Bog Wallow Ambush

The Bog Wallow Ambush was a small unit action during the American Civil War that took place between Confederate forces under Captain J. Fred. Waring and Union forces under Colonel George W. Taylor on December 4, 1861, in Fairfax County, Virginia, as part of Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan's operations in northern Virginia. The Union force set up an ambush for the Confederate force on the Braddock Road. The action resulted in a Union victory.

## Background

Following the Battle of Ball's Bluff on October 21, 1861, major offensive action was halted in the eastern theater, as both armies went into winter quarters. Small detachments were still occasionally sent out to probe the enemy's position and to obtain forage. On the night of November 5, 1861, a shootout occurred between members of the units later involved in the ambush at Oak Hill mansion, in an area of such probing and patrolling. Members of the Union force also intended to retaliate for the Confederate force's attacks on Union pickets.

## Opposing forces
### Confederate

Commander: J. Fred. Waring
Georgia Hussars (later Jeff Davis Cavalry Legion, Company 'F')

### Union

Commander: Col George W. Taylor
3rd New Jersey Volunteer Infantry, part of the First New Jersey Brigade

## The action

On December 4, 1861, 3rd New Jersey Infantry troops stretched two telegraph wires across Braddock Road at the eastern end of a "perfect bog hole" to dismount riders of the Georgia Hussars in the middle of the night. A "sheet of fire" erupted from the tree line along the swamp's edge when this happened; the Confederates returned fire and escaped, with casualties on both sides.

## Results

This was a small unit action of no strategic importance and resulted in only light casualties. However, it is representative of many such actions in northern Virginia during the early part of the American Civil War.

## Commemoration

A new historic marker was unveiled May 5, 2013 at the intersection of Braddock Road and Dunleigh Drive in Burke to commemorate the “Bog Wallow Ambush.” The marker is just outside Annandale. Dunleigh Drive is on the southern side of Braddock Road between Rolling Road and Guinea Road.
# Arturs Bernotas

Arturs Bernotas (born 1 June 1995) is a Latvian chess player. He was awarded the FIDE Master title in 2015.

## Biography

Bernotas came to the Riga chess school in 2004. His first coach was Leonid Borisov, and he later trained with Jānis Klovāns and Arturs Neikšāns. In 2011, Bernotas won the Latvian Youth Championship and the European youth chess rapid championship in the age group U16. In 2014, he won the chess festival Riga Technical University Open B tournament. In 2016, Bernotas won the Riga chess championship. In March 2017 in Vilnius, he fulfilled his first norm for the International Master (IM) title in the second stage of the Baltic Zonal tournament. From 2008 on, Bernotas regularly participated in Latvian Chess Championship finals. Bernotas won the Latvian Chess Championship in 2017 and fulfilled his second norm for the International Master title.
Arturs Bernotas played for Latvia in Chess Olympiads:
* in 2018, at the reserve board in the 43rd Chess Olympiad in Batumi (+2 −2 =3).
He graduated from Riga secondary school No. 54 and studied at the University of Latvia.

## Coaching

Bernotas is also an active chess coach. According to an interview, he currently works with up-and-coming players Daniels Milovs, Maksims Aminovs, and Vadims Kolosovs.

## Aspirations

In a 2019 interview, Bernotas stated his intention to eventually achieve the title of Grandmaster. He claimed to be frustrated with his "lack of progress", and aspired to intensify his training in order to eventually find success.
# Out of the Inkwell (1938 film)

Out of the Inkwell is a 1938 Max Fleischer/Betty Boop live-action and animated short film. The title and concept for the film were a tribute to the Out of the Inkwell series of films that Max Fleischer had produced during the 1920s.

## Synopsis

A live-action black janitor, played by Oscar Polk, best known for his portrayal as the servant "Pork" in the 1939 film Gone with the Wind, studies hypnotism from a book while cleaning Max Fleischer's desk at the Fleischer studio. He manages to conjure Max's pen into drawing Betty Boop. In a sequence of animation mixed with live-action, he uses his new powers to control the white animated Boop. She in turn is able to control a small dog. After waking from the spell, Betty manages to work a few more spells. Fraught with racial innuendo, one of her tricks includes turning the black man white for a split-second, after which he begins cleaning in overdrive. Before that, he was sleeping on his broom and sweeping dirt under the carpet. At the end, Betty Boop leaps into a bottle of black ink.

## Reception

Boxoffice (March 24, 1938): "Mostly juvenile appeal. That popular Max Fleischer animated stunt is used here, but their results are far from effective. There is a colored porter, who picks up hypnotism from a book lying on a cartoonist's desk. He brings the pen to life with an unaided drawing of Betty Boop. Betty watches the porter tire at his work and then hypnotized him into doing the work at a speedy clip."
Motion Picture Exhibitor (May 1, 1938): "The Boops will not be distributed by Paramount next year. This entrant will do nothing to make any exhibitor regret the company's decision. It has novelty, true, but of the old days."
# Oxygenase

An oxygenase is any enzyme that oxidizes a substrate by transferring the oxygen from molecular oxygen O$_2$ (as in air) to it. The oxygenases form a class of oxidoreductases; their EC number is EC 1.13 or EC 1.14.

## Structure

Most oxygenases contain either a metal, usually iron, or an organic cofactor, usually flavin. These cofactors interact with O$_2$, leading to its transfer to substrate.
Oxygenases constitute a major intracellular source of iron and carbon monoxide

## Mechanism

Two types of oxygenases are recognized:
* Monooxygenases, or mixed function oxidase, transfer one oxygen atom to the substrate, and reduce the other oxygen atom to water.
* Dioxygenases, or oxygen transferases, incorporate both atoms of molecular oxygen (O$_2$) into the product(s) of the reaction.
Among the most common monooxygenases are the cytochrome P450 oxidases, responsible for breaking down numerous chemicals in the body.

## History

Oxygenases were discovered in 1955 simultaneously by two groups, Osamu Hayaishi from Japan and Howard S. Mason from the US. Hayaishi was awarded the 1986 Wolf Prize in Medicine "for the discovery of the oxygenase enzymes and elucidation of their structure and biological importance."
# Cy Blanton

Darrell Elijah (Cy) Blanton (July 6, 1908 – September 13, 1945) was an American starting pitcher in Major League Baseball who played for the Pittsburgh Pirates and Philadelphia Phillies. Blanton batted left-handed and threw right-handed. Blanton was a screwball pitcher.

## Pitching career

Blanton grew up in Trousdale, Oklahoma, and was living in Shawnee, Oklahoma, playing on sandlot teams. In 1929 he joined the Shawnee Robins, a C Class team in the Western Association. Blanton was a pitcher for the Independence Producers in 1931. The Independence Producers were a Class C minor league team located in Independence, Kansas. Blanton had twelve wins and eight losses for the season.
Blanton was one of the mainstays of the Pittsburgh Pirates rotation in the mid-1930s. He pitched for the Albany Senators in 1934, being promoted to Pittsburgh to pitch one game. Earlier he pitched in the Piedmont League and the Western Association.
In his 1935 rookie season he recorded 18 wins with 142 strikeouts and led the National League in earned run average (2.58) and shutouts (4). He averaged 12.67 wins for the next three years, leading again the league in shutouts in 1936 (4) and starts in 1937 (34). A free agent before the 1940 season, he signed with the Philadelphia Phillies. Although he made the National League All-Star team in 1937 and 1941, he never showed again the brilliance of his first season. He last pitched for the Phillies in 1942, being released after a month long stay in hospital due to kidney problems.
In a nine-season career, Blanton posted a 68–71 record with a 3.55 ERA and 611 strikeouts.

## Death

He was suspended by the Hollywood Stars for failure to get in shape in March 1945. He returned to Oklahoma from California where he had been living just before he died. Blanton died in Norman, Oklahoma, at the age of 37, from internal hemorrhaging as a result of cirrhosis. His body was taken to Shawnee, Oklahoma, for burial in the nearby Tecumseh Cemetery. He left a wife, Marie, and four children including a son, Zane, who briefly played in the minor leagues with the Chicago Cubs and Philadelphia Phillies.
# Peter Kent (singer)

Peter Hedrich (Herten, 6 September 1948), known professionally as Peter Kent, is a German pop singer and music producer. He scored a hit when his song "It's a Real Good Feeling" reached the top of the German record chart in 1980.