OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Theodore Schurch

Theodore William John Schurch (5 May 1918 – 4 January 1946) was a British soldier who was executed under the Treachery Act 1940 after the end of the Second World War. He was the last person to be executed in Britain for an offence other than murder.

## Early life

Schurch was born in Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital, Hammersmith, London, while his Swiss father was living in Britain. He held Swiss citizenship through his parents. During his late teens, Schurch was a member of the British Union of Fascists.
In 1936, he enlisted in the British Army as a Royal Army Service Corps driver.

## Double agent

In June 1942, Schurch was captured by Axis forces at Tobruk during the North African campaign. Soon afterwards, he began working for both Italian and German intelligence. He often posed as a prisoner of war to gain the trust of Allied prisoners, including Lieutenant Colonel Sir David Stirling, initiator of the Special Air Service.

## Trial and execution

Schurch was arrested in Rome in March 1945, and charged with nine counts of treachery and one count of desertion. He was tried by court martial at the Duke of York's Headquarters in Chelsea, London, in September 1945, with Major Melford Stevenson presiding. He was defended by Alexander Brands KC. During his court martial, Schurch demanded to know the religion of each judge. After learning that one of the officers, a major, was Jewish, he asked for him to be removed. The request was granted after Schurch's lawyer said "The question of fascism looms large in the accused's mind, there would be an inevitable clash between the accused and the major." Schurch was nevertheless found guilty of all counts and received the death sentence mandated under law.
Schurch was hanged on 4 January 1946 at HM Prison Pentonville, at the age of 27. His execution was carried out by Albert Pierrepoint, who had hanged William Joyce the previous day for high treason.
Schurch was the only British soldier executed for treachery committed during the war. However, Duncan Scott-Ford, a merchant seaman, and civilians George Johnson Armstrong and Oswald John Job were also hanged for treachery, and New Zealand-born Captain Patrick Stanley Vaughan Heenan of the British Indian Army was convicted of espionage, and shot by a guard. Harold Cole, a British POW who betrayed members of the French Resistance, was shot dead by the French police in January 1946, a month after he escaped from custody.
# Allelujah!

Allelujah! is a play by British playwright Alan Bennett.

## Characters and cast
### Patients

* Mavis - Patricia England
* Lucille - Gwen Taylor
* Hazel - Sue Wallace
* Mary - Julia Foster
* Cora - Cleo Sylvestre
* Mrs Maudsley - Jaqueline Clarke
* Molly - Jacqueline Chan
* Renee - Anna Lindup
* Neville - Louis Mahoney
* Joe - Jeff Rawle
* Ambrose - Simon Williams
* Arthur - Colin Haig

### Staff

* Salter - Chairman of the hospital - Peter Forbes
* Dr Valentine - Sacha Dhawan
* Sister Gilchrist - Deborah Findlay
* Nurse Pinkney - Nicola Hughes
* Ramesh - a junior doctor - Manish Gandhi
* Fletcher - a junior doctor - Gary Wood
* Gerald - physiotherapist - Richie Hart

### Visitors

* Colin Colman - Joe's son, a management consultant - Samuel Barnett (actor)
* Mrs Earnshaw - Rosie Ede
* Mr Earnshaw - Duncan Wisbey
* Andy - work experience - David Moorst
* Alex - documentary director - Sam Bond
* Cliff - camerman - Nadine Higgin
Nurses, healthcare assistants, social workers etc. were played by members of the company.

## Production

The play opened at the Bridge Theatre, London on 11 July 2018, running until 29 September, directed by Nicholas Hytner, designed by Bob Crowley and choreographed by Arlene Phillips.
The production was captured by National Theatre Live and was broadcast to cinemas worldwide on 1 November 2018.

## Film

Allelujah is a 2022 film adaptation of Alan Bennett's play starring Jennifer Saunders, Bally Gill, Russell Tovey, David Bradley, Derek Jacobi, and Judi Dench, and directed by Richard Eyre.
# Starr Township, Cloud County, Kansas

Starr Township is a township in Cloud County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2000 census, its population was 653.

## Geography

Starr Township covers an area of 35.62 square miles (92.3 km$^2$) and contains one incorporated settlement, Miltonvale. According to the USGS, it contains one cemetery, Miltonvale.
# 1909 Borujerd earthquake

The 1909 Borujerd earthquake also known as Silakhor earthquake occurred in Silakhor plain (in the south of today's Borujerd County), Qajar Iran on January 23. Around 8,000 fatalities were caused directly from the magnitude 7.3 earthquake. An indefinite number of aftershocks continued for six months after the main shock. The section on this fault ruptured was the same as the main rupture zone of the 2006 Borujerd earthquake.

## Earthquake

The earthquake caused 40 kilometers (25 mi) of visible surface faulting. As no contemporary measurements of the fault scarp took place, the amount of displacement is unknown. The vertical displacement is believed to have exceeded 1 m (3 ft 3 in). The possibility of strike-slip displacement associated with the earthquake has not been established yet. The earthquake ruptured a branch of the Main Recent Fault; a right-lateral strike-slip feature trending northwest. The southern section of the Main Recent Fault from Dorud to Borujerd ruptured during this earthquake. Alongside the 1909 earthquake, events in 1957, 1958 and 2006 are associated with this fault or its splay branches. Earthquakes of M$_w$  7.0 or larger in the Zagros mountains are a rare occurrence; a majority of earthquakes only reach up to about M$_w$  6.5. The only other earthquake larger than M$_w$  7.0 occurred on 12 November 2017 at M$_w$  7.3.

## Damage

Sixty villages within the region were either completely destroyed or damaged beyond repair. Casualties were extensive, occurring in 130 individual villages. However, damage was contained within a 40,000 square kilometres (15,000 sq mi) area. Eight thousand were killed in this sector along with several thousand animals. Damage was worst within the epicentral area (Silakhor Valley) and surrounding valleys populated by domestic tribes. Signs of ground failure and landslides was evident for another 20–30 kilometres (12–19 mi) southeast of the epicenter.
The Persian Constitutional Revolution which brought turmoil and chaos across the country was underway when the earthquake occurred. Contact between authority bodies was irregular and inadequate. This may have contributed to unofficial information about the earthquake reaching Tehran, three weeks after the earthquake, through diplomatic messengers. Following a coup d'état in 1908, nearly all press companies were censored while those allowed to run published at inconsistent monthly or quarterly intervals. Hence, the Iranian press only reported the true scale of devastation in late April 1909. Due to the earthquake's far-reaching felt area, being felt in the Caucasus, Turkey and Baghdad, it was reported in the European press, although there was no information about its impact in the epicenter region.
# Plazuela del Teatro

Theatre Square (Spanish: Plazuela del Teatro) is a public square located next to the Teatro Segura in the second block of Jirón Huancavelica, part of the historic centre of Lima, Peru.

## History

The second block of the current jirón Huancavelica was the location of one of the busiest comedy corrals in Lima since 1614. It was built in front of the 'false door' of the convent of San Agustín and would become the main centre of theatrical activity in the city.
It was after the independence of Peru when a small square was opened with the purpose of enhancing the façade of the Teatro Principal, in whose vicinity a growing audience gathered. In 1822, José de San Martín asked the community of San Agustín to donate land to build the plaza. Shortly after, the supreme delegate, José Bernardo de Tagle y Portocarrero, ordered the arrangement of an elongated space that would serve as a public walk. It was initially called September 7 Square, in memory of the landing of the Liberating Expedition in Paracas and the abandonment of Lima by the royalist troops. For this reason, the first stone of a future monument to San Martín was also placed there, which never came to fruition.
With the passage of time, this space would end up being called Plazuela del Teatro or Plazuela de la Comedia. Starting in 1846, it acquired a new appearance when the Portal de San Agustín was built in front of the theater coliseum. This configuration has essentially been maintained over time, even after the modernization of the square in the 1960s.
In the mid-19th century, the city of Lima experienced a proliferation of hotels and inns. One of the main ones was the Hotel del Universo, located in the Portal de San Agustin located in the Plazuela del Teatro, owned by the French citizen Estanislao Courtheoux. According to the chronicle of Manuel Atanasio Fuentes, in the hotel there was no food or coffee service, only furnished rooms. It was in one of these rented apartments on the upper floors of the Hotel del Universo that the National Club was initially established on October 19, 1855. Likewise, during the period of the Peruvian civil war of 1894-1895 that faced Nicolás de Piérola With Cacerist troops, Piérola established his headquarters in the Plazuela del Teatro, four blocks from the Plaza de Armas.

### Monument

The Monument to César Vallejo is a bronze monument of famous Peruvian poet and writer, César Vallejo. The statue is the work of artist Miguel Baca Rossi, from Chiclayo, and was inaugurated on April 15, 1983.
# Jill De Bruyn

Jill De Bruyn (born 13 December 1993) is a retired Luxembourger footballer who played as a midfielder for Dames Ligue 1 club Munsbach and the Luxembourg women's national team.

## International career

De Bruyn made her senior debut for Luxembourg on 3 March 2018 during a 1–7 friendly loss to Morocco.
She announced her retirement from international football following a 6-1 friendly loss against Belgium on 28 June 2022.
# Tuderna

Tuderna (Võro: Tudõrna) is a village in Võru Parish, Võru County, in southeastern Estonia. It is located on the left bank of Piusa River between Soena and Piusa villages.
Tuderna has a station on currently inactive Valga–Pechory railway.
# I Like 'em Big and Stupid

"I Like 'Em Big and Stupid" was the debut single by comedian and singer Julie Brown. It was self-released by Brown in 1983 in 12-inch and 7-inch vinyl record formats. The song is a 1980s-style pop song with comedic lyrics about the protagonist's desire for a handsome, hunky muscle-stud who is not very bright (or as she sings, "Superman with a lobotomy"). The 12-inch version contained an extended dance mix and the B-side on all releases, "The Homecoming Queen's Got a Gun", was played on The Dr. Demento Show, and received airplay on Top 40 and Modern Rock stations around the US in 1984. Both songs appeared that year on Brown's next release, Goddess in Progress.
Brown re-recorded the song for her 1987 album Trapped in the Body of a White Girl, and it was filmed for inclusion in Earth Girls Are Easy, but this sequence was ultimately removed from the movie (the scene is included in the DVD extras) though it is heard playing in the background during a scene in the film. Additionally, Brown performed the song in the stage version of Earth Girls.
The cover of the single is a pastiche of the back cover of Madonna's Like a Virgin record. Brown would go on to be known for making fun of Madonna, particularly in her mockumentary Medusa: Dare to Be Truthful.
# Mattia Rolando

Mattia Eugio Rolando (born 5 November 1992) is an Italian footballer who plays as a midfielder for Serie C Group C club Team Altamura.

## Club career

Rolando made his professional, Serie C debut in the Gozzano in the first round of 2018–19 Serie C, on 17 September 2018 against Virtus Entella, playing 90 minutes. He signed to Arezzo in January 2019.
On 31 January 2020, he moved to Pro Vercelli.
On 25 June 2022, Rolando signed a two-year contract with Monopoli.
On 1 February 2024, Rolando joined Foggia on loan.
# Death of Robert Twyford

Robert Twyford was a watchman in Birmingham, England, who was shot in July 1806 while carrying out his duties, and died as a result in November 1814. Philip Matsell, a former sailor, was hanged for the shooting. His guilt has since been disputed.

## Background

In the first decade of the 19th century, Birmingham was, thanks to the industrial revolution, a rapidly-expanding town in the county of Warwickshire. Prior to Birmingham's incorporation in 1838, and the establishment of the Birmingham Town Police in the following year, watchmen were employed to patrol the streets at night. Robert Twyford was one such watchman.
Public executions were common at the time, and those for crimes committed in Birmingham, tried at Warwick Assizes, usually took place at Gallows Hill, Stoneleigh.

## Shooting and death

On the night of 15 July 1806, Twyford was patrolling the Snow Hill area of Birmingham, when he approached a group of suspicious characters, one of whom shot him, before they fled. The bullet entered his chest, passed through his lungs and lodged in his shoulder. It was removed during surgery by George Freer, after which there were still fears for his life. Nonetheless he recovered, but was too ill to return to work, and with no welfare system in place, his family became destitute. In 1814 he underwent further surgery, for a strangulated hernia, but developed a bad cough and died on 22 November that year, aged 54. A post mortem determined that the hernia operation had been successful, but that his lungs remained badly damaged by the shooting.

## Conviction

Philip Matsell, then aged 30, a former sailor and a highwayman, was accused of the shooting, convicted at the Old Bailey on the evidence of an accomplice who turned King's evidence, and was sentenced to death, with a pardon conditional on being transported to Australia. An attempted escape resulted in the reinstatement of the capital sentence. The execution by hanging took place on 22 August 1806 at the corner of Great Charles Street and Snow Hill, close to the site of the shooting, witnessed by an estimated 40,000 people. It was the first and only public execution in Birmingham.
It was subsequently claimed that, at the time of the shooting, Matsell was drunk in a nearby public house and so could not have been the gunman.

## Legacy

Robert Twyford is commemorated on the West Midlands Police's roll of honour, displayed at its Lloyd House headquarters, in Birmingham, since 2018.
A Birmingham Civic Society plaque marks the site of Matsell's execution.
In 2012 Kay Hunter, an amateur historian, suggested that Matsell had been framed by his erstwhile lover, Kit Pedley, a "femme fatal".
# Sam Barrell

Dr Sam Barrell CBE is an English doctor. She joined LifeArc as Chief Executive Officer in October 2024. Previously she was Deputy Chief Executive Officer at the Francis Crick Institute in London where she was responsible for strategic management and operational leadership, as well as deputising for the Director, Sir Paul Nurse.
She was appointed Chief Executive of Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust in February 2015. In September 2016 the Trust was one of 16 acute hospitals named by the Department of Health as a global digital exemplar for the NHS. In December 2017 the Care Quality Commission rated the trust "Good" overall, and outstanding in its care. From 2012 she was chief clinical office at South Devon and Torbay Clinical Commissioning Group where she called for the suspension of Dr Paula Vasco-Knight, Chief Executive of South Devon Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust who was accused of nepotism.
She was previously a GP in Brixham where she led GP commissioning in Torbay, and promoted the town’s integrated commissioning and provision arrangements nationally. She was a member of the Joinedup Health and Care Cabinet which was a pioneer of integrated care in the English NHS.
She was appointed a CBE in the 2014 Queen's Birthday Honours, and was named one of the 50 most inspirational people in healthcare by the Health Service Journal which described her as one of the new breed of clinical leaders spearheading transformation of the NHS.
Sam Barrell is a non-executive director for Assura PLC and British Land's Innovation Advisory Council.
# Stephen Seche

Stephen A. Seche (born 1952) was the United States Ambassador to Yemen from September 2007 to May 2010.

## Biography

Stephen Seche was born in 1952. He received a B.A. in journalism from the University of Massachusetts Amherst in 1974. After working as a journalist for four years, he joined the Foreign Service in 1978. From 1978 to 1985, he was a diplomat in Guatemala, Peru and Bolivia. From 1989 to 1993, he served as Information Officer at the U.S. Embassy in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. From 1993 to 1997, he served as Press Attache at the U.S. Embassy in New Delhi, India. He studied Arabic at the Foreign Service Institute's Field School in Tunis for two years.
From 1999 to 2002, Seche was Counselor for Public Affairs and Director of the American Cultural Center in Damascus, Syria. From 2002 to 2005, he served as Director of the Office for Egypt and Levant Affairs at the Department of State in Washington, D.C. From February 2005 to August 2006, he served as Chargé d'Affaires at the U.S. Embassy in Damascus. In 2006-2007, he taught at the University of Southern California as a visiting fellow. He became the United States Ambassador to Yemen on September 5, 2007, up until September 2010. He was a research associate at the Institute for the Study of Diplomacy, Georgetown University. Seche served as the executive vice president of the Arab Gulf States Institute in Washington, DC from 2015 to 2020.
Seche speaks Arabic, English, French and Spanish.
# 1522 in France

Events from the year 1522 in France

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Francis I

## Events

* February 28 – The Viscount of Lautrec, leader of the French Army, spares the Italian residents of Treviglio, apparently after witnessing a miracle of seeing a fresco of the Virgin Mary shed tears.
* April 27 – In the Battle of Bicocca, French and Swiss forces under Odet de Foix, Vicomte de Lautrec, the French governor of Milan are defeated by Prospero Colonna's combined Imperial and Papal army in their attempt to retake Milan.
* May 29 – England formally declares war on France.
* May 30 – France loses the siege of Genoa after 10 days against the Holy Roman Imperial armies of General Fernando d'Avalos.
* June 19 – Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor visits King Henry VIII of England, and signs the Treaty of Windsor, pledging a joint invasion of France, bringing England into the ongoing Italian War of 1521–1526.
* July 23 – A counter-attack by local peasants and the French Army defeats the English Army in the first Battle of Morlaix.

## Births

November 4 - Albert de Gondi, Marshal of France (d.1602)

### Date Unknown

* Jacques Cujas, French legal expert (d. 1590)

## Deaths

* October 30 – Jean Mouton, French composer (b. c. 1459)
* November 14 – Anne of France, Princess and Regent of France (b. 1461)
# Charles Lee (scientist)

Charles Lee is a scientist and academic. He is the Robert Alvine Family Endowed Chair, professor, and a clinical cytogeneticist who has an active research program in the identification and characterization of structural genomic variants using advanced technology platforms. His laboratory was the first to describe genome-wide structural genomic variants (in the form of copy number variants (CNVs)) among humans with the subsequent development of genomic maps that are used in the diagnoses of array-based genetic tests.

## Education

Lee graduated from the University of Alberta with a BSc in 1990, an MSc in 1993, and a PhD in 1996. He also received a Distinguished Alumni award in 2018.
# Xakriabá

The Xakriabá (Portuguese pronunciation:) are an indigenous people of Brazil. One of the Gê peoples who spoke the Xakriabá dialect of the Akwe language, they used to live in the Tocantins River area. As of 2010, 9,196 Xakriabá people lived in the state of Minas Gerais.

## Name

The Xakriabá are also known as the Xacriabá, Chakriaba, Chikriaba, or Shacriaba people. They were formerly known as "acroás" and "coroás" in Bahia and "gamelas" in Piauí.

## Language

The Xakriabá speak Portuguese. The extinct Xakriabá language was an Acua language, belonging to the Ge language family and was one of the Macro-Ge languages.

## History

In pre-colonial times, Xakriabá did not have a defined territory, but lived in the valley of the Tocantins River, in Goiás and along the São Francisco River. In the early 18th century, Matias Cardoso de Almeida, a pioneer, slaughtered Indians in the region. The Roman Catholic church forced local tribes to build missions. A statue of the saint, St. John of the Indians (in Portuguese): São João dos Índios) appeared at one of the missions, became a patron saint in the region.
In the 18th century, the Xakriabá settled in reservations (aldeias).
1927 marked the first major conflict between encroached ranchers and the Xakriabá. Ranchers forced the Xakriabá to build fences for cattle in the tribes' territory. The Xakriabá resisted by setting fire to the fences, and ranchers responded violently.
# Kinzig Pass

The Kinzig Pass or Chinzig Pass or Chinzig Chulm (German: Kinzigpass) is a high mountain pass in the Schwyz Alps of Central Switzerland. The trail across the pass reaches a maximum elevation of 2,073 metres (6,801 ft). During the War of the Second Coalition, the Allied army of Alexander Suvorov marched across the pass.

## Geography

The Kinzig Pass is traversed by a trail connecting the Schächental in the Canton of Uri and the Muota Valley in the Canton of Schwyz. Starting from the south side of the range, the trail starts near Bürglen and Spiringen and crosses the pass to the village of Muotathal on the north side. The top of the pass is southeast of the Rossstock, elevation 2,460 metres (8,071 ft), and south of the Chaiserstock, elevation 2,514 metres (8,248 ft).

## History

The Allied army commanded by Russian Field Marshal Suvorov crossed the pass from south to north on 27–28 September 1799. The westernmost column of soldiers started their climb a short distance east of Bürglen while the easternmost column, including Suvorov, started from Spiringen. The Allied army included about 20,000 Russians and 2,000 Austrians.