# Dynamo Open Air

Dynamo Open Air is a festival in the Netherlands that was held (almost) every year between 1986 and 2005. It was reborn in 2008 as Dynamo Outdoor and in 2015 as Dynamo Metal Fest.

## History

Originally held to celebrate the fifth anniversary of the Dynamo rock club in Eindhoven, it grew from 5,000 people in the Dynamo parking lot up to 118,000 attendees in 1995. Until this day, the 1995 edition still is the largest multi-day open air festival ever held in the Netherlands. This caused too much pressure on the Dutch infrastructure and the festival had to shrink to a maximum of 60,000 visitors for 1996. From there it went downhill, mostly because the festival could not find a permanent venue. In 1999 Dynamo Open Air was held on a former rubbish dump in Mierlo, and the following year it went to the Goffertpark in Nijmegen. That was the first time DOA was held outside the province of North Brabant, and it was the first time in years that the festival had to shrink down to only one day. The previous years it had always been a two- or three-day festival.
In 2001, the organisation thought they had found a site where the festival could return on a yearly basis, near the town of Lichtenvoorde. However, the threat of foot-and-mouth disease caused trouble, and Dynamo Open Air had to be cancelled. In 2002 it returned, at the site of the Bospop festival, but 2003 was another year without a Dynamo festival, because it would violate a recently passed law about animal protection during breeding season. For 2004, the festival returned to Nijmegen, at the same location where it took place in 2000. In 2005, the festival used the site of the Dauwpop festival, and the reunited Anthrax headlined the stage.
In an attempt to revitalise the festival, the current organization of the Dynamo youth center decided to change the festival's name from Dynamo Open Air to Dynamo Outdoor. In 2008, the first Dynamo Outdoor festival was held in the centre of Eindhoven, with bands such as Mad Sin, Anathema and Born From Pain performing. The festival was once again held in Eindhoven in the following year, with Destine, Stahlzeit, Asphyx, Textures, The Butcher and Municipal Waste on the bill.
The revival of the festival occurred with a new name as Dynamo Metal Fest, which has taken place every year since 2015. The festival had taken place traditionally on the second or third Saturday in July from 2015 to 2018; for the 2019 edition, it was converted into a two-day festival. After the 2020 edition was cancelled because of the COVID-19 pandemic, Dynamo Metal Fest was scheduled to return in August 2021, however again cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Dynamo Metal Fest was again held in August 2022.

### Live recordings

In 1995, Nailbomb had their performance recorded at the festival and it was released as Proud to Commit Commercial Suicide the same year it was recorded. It was released by Roadrunner Records In 2005, live footage of the performance was released on DVD and it was called Live at Dynamo. It was also released by Roadrunner Records. In May 1998, guest band Death recorded stock footage of their performance. Three years later, in an effort to raise money to pay for Chuck Schuldiner's cancer treatment, the footage was limitedly released in October 2001 by Nuclear Blast on CD and DVD formats under the name Live In Eindhoven, two months before Schuldiner's ultimate demise.

## Line-ups and dates
### Dynamo Open Air
#### 1986

Sunday September 7 :
* Joshua
* Paul Di'Anno's Battlezone
* Satan
* Chariot
* Angel Witch
* Onslaught
* Avalon
Cancelled shows : Lääz Rockit

#### 1987

Monday June 8 :
* Stryper
* Testament
* Destruction
* Vengeance
* Atomkraft
* Mad Max
Cancelled shows : Agent Steel (replaced by Testament)

#### 1988

Monday May 23 :
* Exodus
* Lȧȧz Rockit
* Candlemass
* Toxik
* Sabbat
* Paradox

#### 1989

Monday May 15 :
* Savatage
* Armored Saint
* Sacred Reich
* Forbidden
* Sleeze Beez
* Holy Moses
* Fatal Destiny

#### 1990

Monday June 4 :
* Death Angel
* Sacred Reich
* Sepultura
* Vicious Rumors
* Trouble
* Mordred

#### 1991

Monday May 20 :
* Metal Church
* Primus
* Armored Saint
* Morbid Angel
* Extreme
* Saigon Kick
* Obituary
* Ignorance
* Psychotic Waltz

#### 1992

Sunday June 7 :
* Prong
* Corrosion of Conformity
* Mordred
* Paradise Lost
* The Organization
* My Sister's Machine
* Pestilence
* Skyclad
* Love on Ice

#### 1993

Saturday May 29 :
* Anthrax
* Suicidal Tendencies
* Mind Funk
* Biohazard
* Monster Magnet
* Dweezil Zappa
* Freak of Nature
* Fear Factory
* Nudeswirl
Sunday May 30 :
* Mercyful Fate
* Trouble
* Annihilator
* Gorefest
* Fudge Tunnel
* Kong
* Wool
* Z
Cancelled shows: Therapy?, Tool (replaced by Z)

#### 1994

Friday May 20 (Warm-Up) :
* Forbidden
* Gorefest
* Vicious Rumors
Saturday May 21 :
* Prong
* Clawfinger
* Sick of It All
* Jackyl
* The Organization
* Skintrade
* Die Krupps
* Cynic
* Last Crack
* Nerve
Sunday May 22 :
* Danzig
* Urban Dance Squad
* Kyuss
* Life of Agony
* Pride & Glory
* Skyclad
* Sleeze Beez
* The Obsessed
* B-Thong
* Skrew

#### 1995

Friday June 2 :
| Campsite | Skatefest |
| Tiamat My Dying Bride Skyclad Mary Beats Jane Sun Shihad Overdose Rape Waving Corn Hate Squad Schweisser Brotherhood Foundation | Rich Kids on LSD Snapcase Earth Crisis Undeclinable Ambuscade |
Saturday June 3 :
| Mainstage | Skatefest | Campsite |
| Paradise Lost Type O Negative Dog Eat Dog Grip Inc. Warrior Soul Fear Factory Nailbomb Mental Hippie Blood Madball Nevermore | Absconded Horace Pinker NRA Blitz Babies | Crash Worship 35007 |
Sunday June 4 :
| Mainstage | Skatefest |
| Biohazard Machine Head Life of Agony Trouble Dub War Downset. Eleven Pictures | Orange 9mm Burning Heads Strawman No Fun At All |

#### 1996

Friday May 24 :
| Campsite | Skatefest |
| Neurosis Anathema Pitchshifter Orphanage Altar Skrew Transpunk Dearly Beheaded Dreamgrinder Spiritual Beggars Merauder Torque Gurd Thumb | Slapshot Ryker's Skippies Unsane |
Saturday May 25 :
| Mainstage | Skatefest |
| Venom Gorefest Savatage The Gathering Pennywise Sacred Reich Shelter Voivod Galactic Cowboys White Devil Stuck Mojo | Down by Law Millencolin Strung Out 7Zuma7 |
Sunday May 26 :
| Mainstage | Skatefest |
| Slayer Kreatief Met Kirk Osdorp Possé & Nembrionic CIV Channel Zero Pro-Pain The Exploited Drain | Shelter 59 Times the Pain Satanic Surfers Cooper Bambix |
Cancelled shows : Halford (replaced by Sacred Reich)

#### 1997

Friday May 16 :
| Campsite | Skatefest |
| Rockbitch Therion Samael Pist.On Sentenced Coal Chamber Skinlab Totenmond Within Temptation Keaton Sundown | Ignite SNFU $400 Suits Ni Hao |
Saturday May 17 :
| Mainstage | Campsite | Skatefest |
| Type O Negative Machine Head Sick of It All Exodus Moonspell Orphanage Amorphis Entombed Thumb Slo Burn Limp Bizkit | Rage Secret Discovery The Black Stage Dissection Satyricon Dimmu Borgir Goddess of Desire | Vision of Disorder Deviate Discipline I Against I |
Sunday May 18 :
| Mainstage | Skatefest |
| Tiamat KoЯn Marilyn Manson Helmet Testament Cradle of Filth Karma to Burn Laberinto | Voodoo Glow Skulls Backfire! Travoltas Slyce |

#### 1998

Friday May 29 :
| The Gallery | Skatefest |
| Atrocity Theatre of Tragedy Masters of Reality The Hellacopters Transport League Sevendust Insane Clown Posse Tura Satana Deicide Six Feet Under Disbelief T-Nailed | Pro-Pain Congress Refused Hard Resistance Janez Detd. Driven |
Saturday May 30 :
| Mainstage | The Gallery | Skatefest |
| Rammstein Deftones Soulfly Fates Warning Agnostic Front Fu Manchu Stuck Mojo HammerFall Within Temptation Zebrahead | The Factory Strapping Young Lad Junkie XL Think About Mutation Misery Loves Co. Black Stage Emperor Immortal The Kovenant Bewitched Enslaved In Flames Cold Oomph! Ultraspank The Black Symphony Form | Brotherhood Foundation H$_2$O 25 ta Life Good Riddance Right Direction Psycore Fury of Five Tech-9 |
Sunday May 31 :
| Mainstage | The Gallery | Skatefest |
| Pantera Death Life of Agony Coal Chamber Kreator Dimmu Borgir Incubus (həd) $^{p.e.}$ | Power Pack Primal Fear Stratovarius Helloween Saxon Blind Guardian Iced Earth Tom Angelripper Space Jam Far Cathedral Spiritual Beggars 7Zuma7 Sheavy Orange Goblin | Misfits Undeclinable Ambuscade Hatebreed Battery Better Than a Thousand Maximum Penalty |
Cancelled shows : Fear Factory (replaced by Death), Human Waste Project (replaced by Ultraspank) and Limp Bizkit (replaced by Psycore).

#### 1999

Friday May 21 :
| The Gallery | Skatefest |
| Dark Symphonies Therion Anathema Lacuna Coil Sodom Static-X Spineshank Darkane One Minute Silence Angra Out | Madball Hard-Ons Heideroosjes Violation of Trust Cold as Life |
Saturday May 22 :
| Mainstage | The Gallery | Skatefest |
| Manowar Cradle of Filth Stormtroopers of Death The Gathering Grip Inc. Nashville Pussy Black Label Society Meshuggah Loudness Skinlab | The Factory Pitchshifter Atari Teenage Riot Cubanate The Gore Zone Hypocrisy Cryptopsy Arch Enemy Nile Trail of Tears Pulkas The Haunted Unjust CAGE | Ryker's 59 Times the Pain Merauder Murphy's Law Run Devil Run All Out War E.Town Concrete Troopers |
Sunday May 23 :
| Mainstage | The Gallery | Maximum Overdrive |
| Metallica Apocalyptica Fear Factory Biohazard Monster Magnet System of a Down Mercyful Fate | The Power Pack Labyrinth Nevermore Overkill Gamma Ray Nocturnal Rites The Black Stage Marduk Dimmu Borgir Thyrfing God Dethroned Ancient Rites In Extremo Space Age Playboys Oceans of Sadness | Gluecifer Unida Goatsnake Fatso Jetson Zeke Iron Monkey Nebula Peter Pan Speedrock |
Cancelled bands : Bolt Thrower, Morbid Angel, Speedealer, Skarhead and Blood for Blood. The three latter bands were replaced by Arch Enemy, Goatsnake, Merauder and E.Town Concrete respectively.

#### 2000

Saturday June 3 :
| Main Stage | Tent Stage |
| Iron Maiden Korn Slipknot Suicidal Tendencies P.O.D. Testament Methods of Mayhem Zeke | Immortal Mayhem The Kovenant Destruction Spiritual Beggars Kittie Sentenced Engine |
Cancelled bands : Entombed (replaced by Destruction)

#### 2001

Festival cancelled due to the threat of foot and mouth disease.
The announced bands were: After Forever, Amen, Backfire!, Behemoth, Brightside, Catastrophic, Cradle of Filth, Destiny's End, Destroÿer 666, Discipline, Disturbed, Dreadlock Pussy, Dropkick Murphys, Dying Fetus, Exhumed, Hed PE, Ignite, In Extremo, Krisiun, Length of Time, Liar, Lost Horizon, Macabre, Merauder, M.O.D., Motörhead, Mudvayne, Napalm Death, Nasum, Nevermore, Opeth, Pain of Salvation, Papa Roach, Savatage, Saxon, Severe Torture, Shelter, Slipknot, Soulfly, Spineshank, Static-X, Symphony X, Terra Firma, Tool, The Union Underground, Vader, Wicked Mystic, Within Temptation.
Tool scheduled a headlining show at 013 in Tilburg on the day they were supposed to play, while Slipknot and few other bands played a "mini-festival" at Maaspoort in Den Bosch on May 25. Soulfly played more club shows in the Netherlands.

#### 2002

Sunday July 14 :
| Main Stage | Tent Stage |
| Soulfly Death Angel Dropkick Murphys Within Temptation Biohazard Pain of Salvation Deadsoul Tribe | Children of Bodom Opeth Finntroll Strapping Young Lad Zimmers Hole Peter Pan Speedrock Hermano Autumn |

#### 2003

Festival cancelled. No bands announced.

#### 2004

Saturday June 5 :
| Stage 1 | Stage 2 |
| Slayer Nightwish Life of Agony Soulfly Children of Bodom Ill Nino Shadows Fall | Dimmu Borgir Agent Steel After Forever Oomph! Deicide Mastodon |

#### 2005

Saturday May 7 :
| Stage 1 | Stage 2 |
| Anthrax Jon Oliva's Pain Testament Obituary Gorefest Lȧȧz Rockit Masterplan Mercenary | Evergrey Trivium 3 Inches of Blood Still Remains |

### Dynamo Metalfest
#### 2015

Saturday July 18 :
* Arch Enemy
* Death Angel
* Nuclear Assault
* Biohazard
* Alestorm
* Orange Goblin
* Bodyfarm
* Facelifter

#### 2016

Saturday July 16 :
* Anthrax
* At the Gates
* Metal Church
* Obituary
* Life of Agony
* Powerwolf
* Sacred Reich
* Textures
* Audrey Horne
* Extremities

#### 2017

Saturday July 15 :
* Gojira
* Testament
* Devin Townsend Project
* Exodus
* Entombed A.D.
* Prong
* Toxik
* Vuur
* White Boy Wasted

#### 2018

Saturday July 14 :
* Ghost
* Ministry
* Overkill
* Annihilator
* Leprous
* I Am Morbid
* VUUR (replacing Sons of Apollo)
* Iron Reagan
* Elephant

#### 2019

Friday July 19 :
* Airbourne
* Avatar
* Eluveitie
* Grand Magus
* Jungle Rot
* Bæst
Saturday July 20 :
* Arch Enemy
* Steel Panther
* Carcass
* Metal Church
* Soulfly
* Phil Anselmo & the Illegals
* Armored Saint
* Tribulation
* Alien Weaponry

#### 2020

Festival cancelled due to the threat of coronavirus. Bands that were supposed to play were Exodus, Obituary, Midnight, Flotsam and Jetsam, Heaven Shall Burn, Sepultura, Jinjer and Beast in Black.

#### 2021

Festival cancelled due to coronavirus. Bands that were supposed to play were Heaven Shall Burn, Testament, Bay Area Interthrashional, Sacred Reich, The Black Dahlia Murder, Firewind, Rings of Saturn, Amon Amarth, Candlemass, Clutch, Jinjer, Municipal Waste, Unleash the Archers and Dress the Dead.

#### 2022

Saturday August 20 :
* Testament
* Candlemass
* Exodus
* Death Angel
* Cattle Decapitation
* Firewind
* Vended
* Dress the Dead
* TankZilla
Sunday August 21 :
* Kreator
* Heaven Shall Burn
* Lamb of God
* Bay Area Interthrashional
* Jinjer
* Cannibal Corpse
* Angelus Apatrida
* Lik
* Urne