OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Old measures

Old measures, or simply measures, were a group of dances performed at ceremonial and festive occasions in Early Modern Britain. Some of the dances included in the measures were the pavane and the almain, and dances such as the galliard and the courante are also mentioned as accompanying or following the traditional measures.
The measures are associated with the Inns of Court, the English law schools, as most of the extant sources have been found among the papers of lawyers and law students at the Inns. They are also mentioned in Shakespeare plays such as As You Like It (Act V, scene 4), Richard II (Act III, scene 4), Richard III (Act I, scene 1) and Much Ado About Nothing (Act II, Scene 1).
One must be wary when one encounters 16th- and 17th-century references to measure or measures, as a measure could refer to a bar, or generically to dancing, as well as to this specific group of dances.

## Dances

While sources differ in some of the details, and not all contain all the dances, the vast majority describe the following dances in the following order (alman, almaine, alleymayne, etc. refer to the same dance type):
* Quadran Pavan
* Turkeylone
* Earl of Essex (or Earl of Essex Measure)
* Tinternell
* Old Alman
* Queen's Almaine
* Madam Sosilia Alman (or Madam Cecilia Alman)
* Black Almaine

## Manuscript sources

* Bodleian Library, MS. Rawl. Poet. 108 (c. 1570)
* British Library, Harley MS 367
* Bodleian Library, MS. Douce 280 (c. 1606)
* Bodleian Library, MS. Rawl. D. 864 (c. 1630)
* Inner Temple Library, Miscellanea Vol. XXVII (mid to late 17th century)
* Royal College of Music, Ms. 1119 (mid to late 17th century)
# Ambrose Monell

Ambrose Monell (1873 – May 2, 1921) was an American industrialist and military commander. He served as the first president of the International Nickel Company and was the namesake of the alloy known as Monel.

## Biography

Monell was born in 1873 to New York City Civil Court Justice Ambrose Monell. He was the grandson of New York Surrogate's Court Chief Justice Claudius L. Monell. Expected to be a lawyer, Monell entered instead Columbia School of Mines, earning his degree in 1896.
Monell became an instructor at the School of Mines upon graduation. He later joined Carnegie Steel Company as a metallurgical engineer and quickly rose through the ranks to become the company's Chief Metallurgical Engineer and assistant to the president by 1902. He was named one of the "Carnegie Boys" by Quentin R. Skrabec Jr. as having made an impact on American industry. That year, he was named president of the newly incorporated International Nickel Company.
Monell received a patent in 1906 on the manufacture of a nickel-copper alloy that became known as Monel alloy 400, setting off a century of inventions in the alloy industry. The alloy was named after Monell, but one l had to be truncated because at that time, family names were not allowed to be used as trademarks.
Monell was a director of a number of companies, including American International Corporation, Midvale Steel, International Motors Company, Liberty National Bank of New York, American Bank Note Company, New York Shipbuilding Corporation, among others.
In 1917, Monell resigned from the company to become a colonel on the staff of the American aviation services in France. He died on May 2, 1921, at age 47. The New York Times speculated that his death had to do with "strain of war" as he never returned to active business life and spent time at a sanitarium in Beacon, New York, and one narrative has him become more politically active, in 1920 supporting the failed Republican candidacy of General Leonard Wood.
Monell was a member of the City Club of New York, Racquet and Tennis Club, and the Downtown Club. He was a resident of Tuxedo Park, New York, at the time of his death.

## Legacy

Monell was identified by Harvard Business School as one of the "Great American Business Leaders of the 20th Century."
He left an estate of $15,000,000 (equivalent to $442 million in June 2022 dollars) at the time of death. His widow, Maude Monell Vitelsen, who later married Norwegian-American industrialist, G. Unger Vetlesen, established the Ambrose Monell Foundation in 1956.
His son, Edmund C. Monell, and grandson, Ambrose K. Monell, have continued to run the foundation, which has focused on health and environmental science research. The foundation has helped establish the Monell Chemical Senses Center in Philadelphia, the Monell Building for International Climate Research at Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory at Columbia University, the Ambrose Monell Award at Columbia School of Engineering and Applied Science. It has also supported the Carnegie Institution for Science and the Jefferson Scholars Foundation.
# MaxPlay Classic Games Volume 1

MaxPlay Classic Games Volume 1 is a compilation of video games developed by CodeJunkies and published by parent company Datel for the GameCube and PlayStation 2. The title was distributed by Ardistel in Europe; it was included as a gift with the purchase of Datel's "Max Memory" memory card for the PlayStation 2. It is the only unlicensed game for the GameCube and one of only a handful for the PlayStation 2. The collection features ten games, all unofficial remakes of classic games. It includes:
* Invaders
* Loop the Loop
* Dragon Tiles 3
* Bounty Hunter X
* Chopper 2
* Jet Pack 2
* Paddle Panic
* Pop 'Em
* Proxima
* Super Power Shot

## External References

* Datel's Max Memory on Amazon.
* This action game–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Skirmish at Adamstown

The Skirmish at Adamstown was a battle recorded by Frederick H. Dyer in Dyer's Compendiumfought between "Mean's and Atwell's West Virginia Cavalry Companies" and guerilla Confederate companies in Adamstown, Frederick County, Maryland, on October 14, 1864.
According to dispatches in the Evening Star and The Daily Dispatch, three hundred of Mosby's Raiders came across the Potomac river to Adamstown, but were pushed back.
The Skirmish appears as the last battle fought in Maryland in Dyer's record. The result of the Battle was inconclusive.
The guerilla raid was notable as it was conducted the same day as Mosby's raiders conducted the Greenback raid, where they captured a train with over $200,000 in currency, as well as raided businesses in Poolesville, Maryland.
# Stuart Wolfenden

Stuart Wolfenden (born 7 February 1970) is an English actor. He has played three different roles in Coronation Street, first as paper boy Craig Russell, then as Mark Casey and later as Greig Hodge. More recently he joined the cast of Hollyoaks as Terry Hay, the father of regular character Ste Hay.

## Early life and career

Wolfenden began acting at North Chadderton School. After starring in the stage version of Kes at age 13, he won the Best Actor under 21 award at the Grange Arts Centre in Oldham. During this time he was also an actor at the Oldham Theatre Workshop. In 1986, Wolfenden appeared in "Foul Play", an episode of the BBC One children's drama Jossy's Giants. At the age of 17 he starred alongside Sean Bean and Sheila Hancock in the BBC series My Kingdom for a Horse, playing the character of Bobby Shaw.

## Coronation Street

In 1986, Wolfenden appeared in Coronation Street as paperboy Craig Russell. He returned in a different role in 1989, playing Mark Casey. He remained on the show until 1991. Wolfenden returned to Coronation Street a third time in 2015, this time in the role of Greig Hodge.

## Later career

Wolfenden has subsequently appeared in a number of TV shows including Clocking Off, Fat Friends, Blue Murder, Heartbeat and the soap opera Emmerdale, as well as landing roles in a number of feature films including In the Name of the Father (1992), Dead Man's Shoes (2004), Oranges and Sunshine (2011) and Best Laid Plans (2012).
# Carnet Mondain

The Carnet Mondain (English: Social Notebook) of Belgium is a directory featuring high society (nobility and upper bourgeoisie), Belgian or foreign, established in Belgium, as well as members of Belgian families established abroad. It is equivalent to the Social Register in the United States. Its tagline is "the Familial and Social Belgium" (French: la Belgique Familiale et Mondaine). It also publishes the coats of arms of these families, when armigerous.

## History

This work, which was an initiative of Prince Charles-Louis of Merode, has the advantage of clearly showing the ties of descent between people (up to two degrees). This directory coexists with the High Life de Belgique, which pursues similar objectives.

## Admission

Persons wishing to be registered, must submit a written candidacy request supported by three unrelated persons included in previous editions. These new applications are then submitted to the Carnet Mondain admissions committee, which rules in full independence.
# United World College, USA

The United World College, USA (UWC-USA), officially the Armand Hammer United World College of the American West, is a United World College school in San Miguel County, New Mexico, United States. It was founded in 1982, with financial support from businessman Armand Hammer.
UWC-USA is a two-year, independent, co-educational boarding school accredited by the Independent Schools Association of the Southwest.

## History

American mogul Armand Hammer's The Armand Hammer Foundation purchased the property to establish a United World College in the United States in 1981. Major renovations of existing buildings preceded the school's opening in the fall of 1982, an event that was attended by King Charles III, then Charles, Prince of Wales, as president of the United World Colleges at the time.
The school's founding president was Theodore D. Lockwood, who served from 1982 until 1993. Philip O. Geier served as president from 1993 until 2005, when he passed the reins to Lisa A. H. Darling, whose presidency ended in 2013. The school's fourth president was Dr. Mukul Kumar '89, an alumnus and leader in international education, who left the school in 2016. The school is currently led by Dr. Victoria Mora, born in Albuquerque, a mother as well as a former Dean of the Santa Fe campus of St. John's College.
In 1998, the school's endowment was significantly increased through the generosity of investment manager Shelby M.C. Davis and his wife Gale. Their gift today secures the largest block of the school's student scholarships and provides $25,000 scholarships for all Americans who attend this school (or any other UWC) after being admitted by the U.S. national committee. Their initial gift of $45 million in 1998 was, at the time, the largest private donation ever made to international education.
In late 2007, The Wall Street Journal identified UWC-USA as one of the world's top 20 schools for its success in preparing students to enter top American universities. In 2010, UWC-USA was ranked a “Top Ten Program” by U.S. Center for Citizen Diplomacy.

## Location

The school, in the foothills of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains, is located at 35°39′15″N 105°16′52″W﻿ / ﻿35.65417°N 105.28111°W﻿ / 35.65417; -105.28111 in the town of Montezuma, New Mexico, just northwest of the city of Las Vegas, New Mexico, about 70 mi (110 km) from Santa Fe.
The campus includes the historic Montezuma Castle.

## Notable alumni

* Sal Lavallo, American traveller
* Lousewies van der Laan, Dutch politician
* Michael Sugar, producer of Spotlight, winner of Academy Award for Best Film, 2016
* Philippe Wamba, American journalist
* Pavlos, Crown Prince of Greece
* Richard Rowley, film director
* Giulio Regeni, Italian student abducted and tortured to death in Egypt.
* Iqbaal Ramadhan, Indonesian actor
* Emma Tucker, editor of The Sunday Times and The Wall Street Journal
* Pinar Karaca-Mandic, health economist
* Paul Grimes, Senior Australian Public Servant
* Gina Neff, American sociologist and author
* David Rueda, professor of politics and economics at Oxford University
* Mukul Chadda, Indian actor
* Demet Tuncer, Turkish actress
# Thibaut Margalet

Thibaut Margalet (born 3 January 1993) is a French professional rugby league footballer who plays as a prop or loose forward for FC Lezignan in the Elite One Championship.
He previously played for Ille-sur-Têt XIII in the Elite Two Championship and Sheffield Eagles in the Championship.

## Playing career
### FC Lezignan

On 19 Jun 2020 it was reported that Thibaut, together with his brother Tristan, had both joined FC Lezignan in the Elite One Championship
# The Beach Girls

The Beach Girls is a 1982 American sex comedy film directed by Pat Townsend. It stars Jeana Tomasino, Val Kline and Debra Blee.

## Plot

Two college girls, Ducky and Ginger, meet their naive friend, Sarah, at a Southern California beach house. The house belongs to Sarah's uncle and to their luck has allowed them to use his house for the summer while he is gone. Soon after Ducky and Ginger arrive, the two plan the first of many wild parties, but not without some resistance from Sarah. The two continue the plans for more partying including inviting assorted misfits, delivery persons, and people just passing by. Eventually, Sarah's resistance fades and she joins in on the wild parties.

## Main cast

* Jeana Tomasino as "Ducky"
* Debra Blee as Sarah
* Val Kline as Ginger
* James Daughton as Scott Daniels
* Adam Roarke as Carl Purdue
* Herb Braha as Captain Blye
* Bert Rosario as Gardener
* Dan Barrows as Mr. Brinker
* Mary Jo Catlett as Mrs. Brinker
* Fern Fitzgerald as Julie
* Tessa Richarde as Doreen
* Judson Vaughn as Lieutenant Gower

## Reception

Though most reviews took easy pot shots at this low-brow comedy fare, Linda Gross wrote in The Los Angeles Times that the film is a "cheery, unpretentious, youth exploitation midsummer's sex fantasy with excellent production values." Among other reviews, one stated, "frankly, the film's only saleable attractions are those of the leading actresses--and I would certainly hesitate to call them actresses. In summary, The Beach Girls attacks the senses like a beached whale that's been deteriorating in the sun for 24 hours." Another review noted that "for all the nudity, prancing bodies, and overtures to hedonism, there is surprisingly little outright sex in the film." The Kansas City Star said the movie "enjoys the dubious distinction of being a worse comedy than Porky's, a feat this reviewer considered virtual impossible."
The film had an eight-week production schedule. The Hollywood Reporter stated in July 1982 that the movie had grossed over $12 million.
# Shady Maple Smorgasbord

The Shady Maple Smorgasbord is a buffet restaurant located in East Earl, Pennsylvania. It is the largest buffet in the country.

## History

The Shady Maple began as a farm stand run by the Martin family. The name came from its location in the shade of a large maple tree. The farm stand evolved under the next generation of family ownership into a small IGA, Inc. supermarket by 1970. A cafeteria with seating for was added to the supermarket in 1982. This was later expanded into a Smorgasbord (buffet) with 300 seats. Subsequent expansions saw it moved to its own building and seating expanded to 1,200.

## Food

The Shady Maple primarily serves the cuisine of the Pennsylvania Dutch. It serves three meals a day: breakfast, lunch, and dinner.

## Facility

The buffet is 200 feet long.
The building also includes a gift shop and during elections serves as a polling place.

## Awards and recognition

In 2024 US News rated Shady Maple Smorgasbord the best buffet in the country.
# 1848 Marlborough earthquake

The 1848 Marlborough earthquake was a M$_w$7.5 earthquake that occurred at 1:40 a.m. on 16 October 1848 and whose epicentre was in the Marlborough region of the South Island of New Zealand.
In Wellington, the shaking lasted for about two minutes and caused widespread damage, especially to brick or stone structures. Most of the buildings damaged in the earthquake were rebuilt in wood and this contributed to the relatively low level of damage and loss of life in the more powerful Wairarapa earthquake that hit Wellington seven years later.

## Tectonic setting

New Zealand lies along the boundary between the Australian and Pacific plates. In the South Island most of the relative displacement between these plates is taken up along a single dextral (right lateral) strike-slip fault with a major reverse component, the Alpine Fault. In the North Island, the displacement is mainly taken up along the Kermadec subduction zone, although the remaining dextral strike-slip component of the relative plate motion is accommodated by the North Island Fault System (NIFS). A group of dextral strike-slip structures, known as the Marlborough fault system, transfer displacement between the mainly transform and convergent type plate boundaries in a complex zone at the northern end of South Island.

## Earthquake characteristics

The earthquake was associated with the rupturing of a minimum of 105 km of the Awatere Fault, which is part of the Marlborough Fault System. A horizontal displacement of about 6 metres was accompanied by smaller vertical movements of varying sense. A shallow epicentral depth is inferred from the large number of felt aftershocks. A moment magnitude of about 7.5 has been estimated from the rupture length and measured displacements.

## Damage

In Wellington, almost all buildings of brick or stone construction were damaged, including homes, churches, the jail, and the Colonial Hospital. Most wooden buildings were undamaged, although many lost their brick chimneys.
Barrack Sergeant James Harris Lovel of the 65th Regiment and two of his young children, Amelia aged 4, and William aged 6, died after being crushed by falling bricks from a wall in Farish Street, Wellington. They are buried at Bolton Street Cemetery.
In the Marlborough region itself, a number of homesteads were badly damaged. Several buildings damaged in the main shock were destroyed during strong aftershocks over the next few days. The only fatalities from the earthquake occurred when a damaged building collapsed during one of the aftershocks the following day.
# Truttemer-le-Grand

Truttemer-le-Grand (French pronunciation: ) is a former commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Vire Normandie.
# Shukhendu Shekhar Dutta

Shukhendu Shekhar Dutta is a Bharatiya Janata Party politician from Assam. He was elected to the Assam Legislative Assembly in 1996 from Patharkandi constituency.
# S. Palanichamy

S. Palanichamy is an Indian politician and former member of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from the Vedasandur constituency. He represented the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam party.
# Jacqueline Panis

Jacqueline Panis (born 16 April 1948) was a member of the Senate of France, representing the Meurthe-et-Moselle department from 2007 to 2011. She is a member of the Union for a Popular Movement.
# Arthur Romano (musician)

Arthur Romano (23 March 1914, Naples – 16 January 1964, Montreal) was a Canadian saxophonist, clarinetist, oboist, english hornist, and music educator of Italian birth. He is considered a pioneer in the classical repertoire for the saxophone.

## Career

Arthur Romano studied with Al Gallodoro in New York City and with Marcel Mule in France. From 1952-1962 he was a woodwind player in Montreal Symphony Orchestra; playing the english horn, oboe, and saxophone. He also appeared frequently with the Quebec Symphony Orchestra as a saxophonist during his career. He established the Romano Saxophone Quartet (RSQ) which appeared frequently on CBC Radio in the 1950s. The RSQ was the first professional saxophone quartet in the nation of Canada and it was active from 1949 until Romano's death in 1964. With this ensemble he performed the world premieres of several classical works for saxophone; including compositions by George Fiala, Alexander Brott, Michel Perrault, Jean Françaix, and Gabriel Pierné.
Romano was a professor of saxophone at the Conservatoire de musique du Québec à Montréal from 1949-1962 and taught on the music faculty of the Schulich School of Music at McGill University from 1955-1964. His pupils included Nick Ayoub, Gerald Danovitch, Frederick Nichols, Gilles Moisan, Lee Gagnon, Jacques Larocque, and Alvinn Pall; many of whom played at one time or another in the Romano Saxophone Quartet.
In addition to his work teaching and performing, Romano established the business Seaward Ltd. which did instrument repairs as well as sell instruments. After his death in 1964, the Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières and the Association of Saxophonists of North America established the Arthur Romano Competition; a composition competition which required contestants to create works that featured the saxophone.
# Chicken Soup for the Parent's Soul

Chicken Soup for the Parent's Soul was the first book in the Chicken Soup for the Soul series to specifically address parenting. The stories, organized by topics such as “Insights and Lessons” and “Across Generations,” were compiled over a three-year period.
The book, originally published on September 14, 2000, spent twelve weeks on the New York Times Best Seller list, three of those in the top ten. During the first six months of its release alone, it sold 452,305 copies. In 2004, the Spanish language edition was published.
# Flandreau Indian School

Flandreau Indian School (FIS), previously Flandreau Indian Vocational High School, is a boarding school for Native American children (primarily Lakota) in unincorporated Moody County, South Dakota, adjacent to Flandreau. It is operated by the Bureau of Indian Education (BIE) and is off-reservation.
It is one of four such off-reservation boarding schools directly operated by the BIE. It offers grades 9–12. Established in 1872 as a Presbyterian mission school, it is the oldest continuously operating Indian boarding school in the United States.

## History

The Presbyterian Church established this as a mission school in 1872, serving grades 1–6. The federal government took over operations in 1877 and opened dormitories in 1892 for boarding students. High school classes were later added. In the 1940s the Lakota campaigned to close the school but it did not succeed. Since the mid-20th century, public school districts and tribally controlled schools have provided education to more Native American students. BIE funding decreased for this and similar schools after a change of rules in 2004. Many facilities were closed and staff were laid off.
In the 19th and early 20th centuries, such federal boarding schools were intended to assimilate Native American students into the dominant Anglo-American culture: teaching English, Christianity, and European American culture. By the early 21st century, many federal schools had become centers of second chances, assisting students who were orphaned, had learning problems, or difficult home lives.

## Admissions

It is open to children who are members of federally recognized tribes. In 2002 the school admitted 95% of applicants. Those who were not admitted were generally limited to children with disabilities which the school could not accommodate.

## Operations

The federal government covers the cost of classes, room and board for students. This is part of its treaty obligations related to establishing the reservations and peace after the Indian Wars.

## Student body

In 1972 there were about 600 students. In 2002 there were 370 students.
In 2002 most students attending Flandreau were seeking environments more stable than those at home. Some are legacy students, with a history of other family members having attended. A third group seek a new environment for the "adventure", as Matt Baney of the Argus Leader reports.
In 2015 Flandreau School had 279 students; while the majority were from South Dakota, there were 34 from Nebraska and 7 from Iowa.

## Athletics

The athletic teams are called the Indians. Erin Grace of the Omaha World-Herald wrote in 2015 that "It is a word used gingerly around here."
In 1989 the school was in South Dakota athletics class AA. It did not have an American football team. That year it requested to be in class A.