OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Paradoxornis

Paradoxornis is a genus of passerine birds in the family Paradoxornithidae.

## Species

It contains the following species:
Genus Paradoxornis – Gould, 1836 – ten species :
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
| Reed parrotbill | Paradoxornis heudei (David, A, 1872) | China, eastern Russian Far East | Size: Habitat: Diet: | NT |
| Black-breasted parrotbill | Paradoxornis flavirostris Gould, 1836 | India, Bangladesh, Nepal | Size: Habitat: Diet: | VU |
| Spot-breasted parrotbill | Paradoxornis guttaticollis David, A, 1871 | Bangladesh, China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam. | Size: Habitat: Diet: | LC |
| Great parrotbill | Paradoxornis aemodium (Hodgson, 1841) | Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, and Nepal | Size: Habitat: Diet: | LC |
| Brown parrotbill | Paradoxornis unicolor (Hodgson, 1843) | Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, and Nepal | Size: Habitat: Diet: | LC |
| Three-toed parrotbill | Paradoxornis paradoxus (Verreaux, J, 1871) | central China | Size: Habitat: Diet: | LC |
| | Paradoxornis gularis Gray, GR, 1845 | Himalayas, Indochina, and Hainan | Size: Habitat: Diet: | LC |
| Black-headed parrotbill | Paradoxornis margaritae (Delacour, 1927) | Cambodia and Vietnam | Size: Habitat: Diet: | LC |
| White-breasted parrotbill | Paradoxornis ruficeps Blyth, 1842 | Himalaya, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam | Size: Habitat: Diet: | LC |
| Rufous-headed parrotbill | Paradoxornis bakeri (Hartert, 1900) | Himalayas, Indochina | Size: Habitat: Diet: | LC |
# Massimo Canevacci

Massimo Canevacci (born 1942) is an Italian academic, ethnographer and critical thinker. He is known for his works about contemporary metropolis, 'native' cultures and digital arts. Canevacci is currently based on the Institute of Advanced Studies of the University of São Paulo, Brazil, and he has been living in São Paulo since 2008. He is married to the artist Sheila Ribeiro.
The majority of Canevacci's works are published in Italian and Portuguese. Before moving to Brazil, Canevacci was a Professor of Cultural Anthropology at the Faculty of Communication Sciences of the Sapienza University of Rome. He also directed the Italian magazine 'Avatar' from 2001 to 2006.
Canevacci is known for the development of the concepts of 'communicational metropolis', 'multividual' as well as the tensions between 'self-and hetero-representation'. He is also known for his contribution to the study of digital cultures and his dialogic relationship with 'native' populations such as the Bororo and the Xavante of Central Brazil.

## Biography

Canevacci was born in Rome in 1942. He graduated with a thesis about the Frankfurt School and he went on to develop these theories in relation to contemporary transformations of digital communication. His recent works include The Line of Dust: Bororo Culture Between Tradition, Mutation and Self-Representation published in 2013 and Sinkrética - Esplorazioni etnografiche sulle arti contemporanee published in 2014.

## Books in English

* The Line of Dust: Bororo Culture Between Tradition, Mutation and Self-Representation, Canon Pyon, Sean Kingston, (2013)

## Books in Italian

* Sinkrética - Esplorazioni etnografiche sulle arti contemporanee, Catania, Bonanno, (2014).
* Una stupita fatticità. Feticismi visuali tra corpi e metropoli, Roma, Costa & Nolan, (2007).
* La Linea di Polvere, Roma, Meltemi, (2007).
* Sincretismi. Esplorazioni diasporiche sulle ibridazioni culturali, Roma, Costa & Nolan (2004). Sincretismi. Esplorazioni diasporiche sulle ibridazioni culturali - Massimo Canevacci - Libro - Costa & Nolan - Riscontri | IBS
* Didattica etnografica sperimentale, Roma, Booklet Milano, (2002).
* Culture extreme. Mutazioni giovanili nei corpi delle metropoli, Roma, Meltemi. (2003).
* Antropologia della comunicazione visuale. Feticci, merci, pubblicità, cinema, corpi, videoscape, Roma, Meltemi, (2001)
* La città polifonica. Saggio sull'antropologia della comunicazione urbana, Roma, Seam (1997).
* Minima Viralia. La solitudine non solitaria di un antropologo in quarantena, Roma, Rogas (2020).
# Corruption in the Netherlands

Corruption in the Netherlands is minimal in all major areas—judiciary, police, business, politics—as the country is considered one of the least corrupt within the European Union.

## Extent

The National Integrity System Assessment 2012, published by Transparency International Netherlands, reports that the country has established strong pillars—an independent judiciary, effective anti-corruption mechanisms and a culture of trust—that all combine to create a society where corruption is not considered a serious problem. The government has dedicated large efforts towards keeping corruption within the country at low levels, yet limitations are perceived in some areas. The public sector is not perceived to be corrupt and transparency within the sector is safeguarded by codes of conducts for civil servants, with a special focus on integrity within their sectors, according to the National Integrity System Assessment 2012.

### Business

Executives surveyed in the World Economic Forum's Global Competitiveness Report 2013–2014 do not perceive corruption a problem to doing business.The Netherlands is a global leader in the area of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), and that most companies operating in the Netherlands have established a code of conduct as well as internal mechanisms to detect and prevent bribery.
According to Eurobarometer 2012, connections between business and politics are the most cited reason behind corruption and almost one-third of surveyed citizens share this perception. This is supported by the National Integrity System Assessment 2012, which notes that collusion between businesses and public authorities is especially prevalent in the public procurement sector. This sector is sensitive to irregularities and the report recommends the government to strengthen regulations and supervision of public procurements.

### Government

On Transparency International's 2023 Corruption Perceptions Index, the Netherlands scored 79 on a scale from 0 ("highly corrupt") to 100 ("very clean"). When ranked by score, the Netherlands ranked 8th among the 180 countries in the Index, where the country ranked first is perceived to have the most honest public sector. For comparison with worldwide scores, the best score was 90 (ranked 1), the average score was 43, and the worst score was 11 (ranked 180). For comparison with regional scores, the highest score among Western European and European Union countries was 90, the average score was 65 and the lowest score was 42.
# Constable Manju

Constable Manju is an Indian Marathi language television series airing on Sun Marathi. It premiered from 18 March 2024. It starred Vaibhav Kadam and Monica Rathi in lead roles. It is produced by Sandeep Jadhav under the banner of Ekasmai Creations.

## Cast
### Main

* Monica Rathi as Manju
* Vaibhav Kadam as Satya

### Recurring

* Milind Shinde
* Vidya Sawale
* Shivraj Nale
* Kalyani Chaudhari
* Beena Siddharth
* Sanika Jadhav (amruta)
* Rutuja Kulkarni (priya)
* Bhagyashree megha madhukar joil (bharti)
* priya karkamkar (sapna)
* Neha Sawale
* Nikita Sawale
# Cauzin Softstrip

Cauzin Softstrip was the first commercial 2D barcode format. Introduced in 1985, it could store up to 1000 bytes per square inch, which was 20 to 100 times more than the bar codes of the day. It was designed for paper data storage, to allow magazines to distribute computer programs by simply printing a pattern on a page. Several computer magazines printed Softstrip data that encoded program source listings, or even executable programs. It is now known as Datastrip code.
Softstrip format never became very popular for program distribution. It was intended to replace the tedium of entering type-in programs from magazines, but the format encoded less than a thousand bytes per square inch, which meant that large files took up a lot of space in a magazine. The bar codes didn't work well if the magazine ink was smeared; and the reader hardware was relatively expensive at around US$200. The high cost of the unit and the added demands placed on publishers led to a chicken or egg dilemma between supply and demand where magazines were reluctant to publish listings in Softstrip format until there was a sizable user base, and users waited for the bar codes to become common in magazines before buying the unit.
More recently, other applications for the code have been developed, including its use on identification cards and similar documents to encode text and biometric data.

## Reception

"The system works beautifully", David Tebbutt of Personal Computer World wrote in January 1987, "but, at the UK price of £200, I'm having a devil of a job deciding who could justify the price". He concluded that until a compelling business use appeared for it, Softstrip was "'all dressed up, with nowhere to go'".
# National Library of Russia, Codex Syriac 1

National Library of Russia, Codex Syriac 1, designated by siglum A, is a manuscript of Syriac version of the Eusebian Ecclesiastical History. It is dated by a Colophon to the year 462. The manuscript is lacunose.

## Description

The codex contains the text of the Ecclesiastical History, arranged in large quarto (4 leaves in quire), on 123 parchment leaves. The leaves measure is about 31 cm by 23.5 cm. The first leaf is a flyleaf taken from another volume. The original number of quires was 29. It has a large lacuna after folio 84 and several smaller defects elsewhere.
The writing is in two columns per page, in 29-34 lines per column, in fine, large, and bold estrangela letters, with a few diacritical points. The colour of ink is brownish black. The leaves were numbered by a later hand, but inaccurately. The text is divided into chapters.
It is one of the two extant ancient Syriac manuscripts of the Eusebian Ecclesiastical History. There are also some fragments in other manuscripts. Curiously the text of the later manuscript is better.

## History

According to the colophon, on folio 123 verso, the manuscript was written in the year 773 of the Seleucid era (462/1 A.D.) and the name of scribe was Isaac. The name of the place where the manuscript was written has been erased. According to the note on folio 1 recto the manuscript was presented to the convent of St. Mary Deipara by one Sahlun, a priest of Harran.
The manuscript was examined and described by William Wright and by William Hatch in 1934.
It is currently housed at the National Library of Russia (Cod. Syr. 1) in Saint Petersburg.
# Allium glandulosum

Allium glandulosum, the gland onion, is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaryllidaceae, native to Mexico, Guatemala, and Honduras. It has a history of cultivation by indigenous Mesoamerican peoples.
# 1854 in Russia

Events from the year 1854 in Russia

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Nicholas I

## Events

* February 27 — Britain sends Russia an ultimatum to withdraw from the Romanian provinces Moldavia and Wallachia.
* March 27 — Crimean War: The United Kingdom declares war on Russia.
* March 28 — France declares war on Russia.
* June 21 — Battle of Bomarsund in Åland.
* August 16 — Battle of Bomarsund: Russian troops in the island of Bomarsund in Åland surrender to French–British troops.
* September 20 — Battle of the Alma: Menshikov's forces unsuccessfully defend a height above the Alma River from an allied infantry advance commanded by de Saint-Arnaud, Suleiman Pasha, and Lord Raglan.

## Births

* July 7 – Nikolai Alexandrovich Morozov, poet, scientist and revolutionary (d. 1946)
# Chandeni

Chandeni is a village in the Charkhi Dadri district of the Indian state of Haryana. Before 2016 It was part of Bhiwani District. But after 2016 Charkhi Dadri become a new district and it become part of Charkhi Dadri.
Chandeni comes under Bhiwani -M/Garh lokasabha seat. Neighbouring villages include Rudrol, Mai, Gokal, Ramalwas and Badhana.

## Establishment

According to Jagga's record book at Gadhganga the village Chandeni was established in 1860 on the name Chandni who was the wife of Dada Kusahala who was shifted here from Jhojhu Kalan in 1860 Dada Kusahala was in 12th generation of Dada Sangu on whose name all Sangwan surname is established.. Hence the village Chandeni's main Jat community is of Sangwan surname.
Later the sister of Dada Kusahala whose name was Chandkore came from her in-laws village Bamla due to some family dispute in the decade of 1910 . Because her in-laws were Grewal so later Grewals are also established here in the protection of Sangwans.

## Location and weather

Chandeni comes under the Badhra tehsil of Charkhi Dadri district. It lies 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) from the Badhwana road at Dadri-Narnaul road, The district headquarters, Charkhi Dadri, The tehsil centre, Badhra, and the semi-urbanised area Jhojhu are at a distance of about 50, 15 and 5 km respectively. The land is desert. It is extremely hot in summer and experiences reverse conditions in winters.

## Demography

As of the 2011 Census of India, the village had 551 households with a total population of 2,635 of which 1,365 were male and 1,270 female.
Most of the people here are from the Jat community. Due to large number of Sangwan people residing in nearby area, the major portion of the population has become Sangwans. About 90% of people here are Sangwan and Ahlawat and 10% homes belong to Grewal. Most of the people do not live in the mainland of village, but on the outskirts and the cultivated land of the village. This brings a decline in the population of Chandeni.

## Occupation

A majority of people here belong to ancestral farming. But they also exhibit a special attachment towards the Indian Armed Forces. Most of the male population of the village are either serving or retired Army Personnel at some point of time in their life.Indian Army/Para Military/ Delhi Police/ Haryana police/ NSG/ Civil Services

## Agriculture

There is an acute ground level water shortage due to the weather conditions. The main method of irrigation is underground, non-submersible water pumps. Wells are dug to a depth of around 200 feet (61 m) and then bored deeper in order to reach the water level. The potors are kept at the bottom of such dry wells reaching the water level through pipes. The major crops of this area are millet, wheat, sorghum, chickpea,mustard,cotton and bajra.
# Dhaya Bharati

Dhaya Bharati is a 2024 Indian film released on 25 October 2024. Singer Hariharan plays the lead role in the movie and it is his debut movie as an actor

## Plot

Set in a one-teacher tribal school in a forest, this film follows two dedicated teachers fighting against the brutal exploitation of local tribals. As they confront powerful local interests, they face significant societal backlash. Amidst this turmoil, renowned singer Hariharan arrives, inspired by their cause. He uses his music to raise awareness and rally support for the community's struggles. Together, the teachers and Hariharan unite to empower the villagers through education and activism, showcasing the transformative power of resilience and hope in the fight for justice and dignity.

## Cast

* Hariharan
* Appani Sarath
* Kailash
* Dinesh Prabhakar
* Gokulam Gopalan
* AV Anoop
* Badusha
* Varkkala Haridas
* Neha Saxena
* Niya

## Reception

Malayala Manorama mentions that the movie is having a deep theme.
# 1,10-Decanediol

1,10-Decanediol is a diol with the chemical formula C$_{10}$H$_{22}$O$_2$.
It can be synthesized through the reduction of dimethyl sebacate using sodium borohydride in an ethanol medium, with cerium(III) chloride serving as the catalyst. The reaction duration is one day, resulting in a yield of 93%. The product of the reduction of diethyl dithiosebacate by tetrabutylammonium borohydride is also 1,10-decanediol. The electrochemical reduction of diethyl sebacate in liquid ammonia can yield 1,10-decanediol with an impressive efficiency of 95%.
The interaction between sebacic acid and diisopropyltitanium(III) borohydride (($^i$PrO)$_2$TiBH$_4$), which is generated through the in situ reaction of diisopropyltitanium dichloride and benzyltriethylammonium borohydride in dichloromethane, can also facilitate the synthesis of 1,10-decanediol.
1,10-Decanediol is characterized as a white solid with limited solubility in water. It exhibits a melting point of 81.7 °C and a heat of fusion of 44.0 kJ·mol$^{−1}$ (252.6 J·g$^{−1}$). The molecular configuration of 1,10-decanediol is described as having a zigzag conformation. The bromination of 1,10-decanediol yields 1,10-dibromodecane, whereas the reaction with thionyl chloride results in the formation of 1,10-dichlorodecane. The reaction involving 1,10-decanediol, iodine, and ammonia results in the formation of sebaconitrile with a yield of 99%.
1,10-Decanediol, along with its isomers 1,9-decanediol and 1,2-decanediol, functions as an inhibitor of soil nitrification. This inhibition can mitigate nitrogen loss from soil and prevent the environmental issues associated with nitrification in agricultural settings. Furthermore, these diols exhibit a significant inhibitory effect on nitrite-forming microorganisms, even at low concentrations.
# Eva Galperin

Eva Galperin is the Director of Cybersecurity at the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) and technical advisor for the Freedom of the Press Foundation. She is noted for her extensive work in protecting global privacy and free speech and for her research on malware and nation-state spyware.

## Biography

Galperin was born in Latvia to Jewish parents who escaped Soviet antisemitism by seeking refuge in the United States. Her family resettled in California in the 1980s. Galperin became interested in computers at an early age through her father, who was a computer security specialist. When she was 12, he created a desktop for her on his Unix/Solaris computer and she became active in Usenet discussion areas about science fiction novels and playing interactive text games, and she later became active in web development. She attended college at San Francisco State University for political science and international relations while working as a Unix system administrator at various companies in Silicon Valley.
Galperin joined the EFF in 2007. Prior to EFF, she worked at the Center for US–China policy studies, where she helped to organize conferences and researched Chinese energy policy. At EFF, she led the Threat Lab project before she was promoted as the EFF's Director of Cybersecurity in 2017. Since 2018, she focused on the eradication of the "stalkerware" – spyware used for domestic abuse – industry, working with victims of stalkerwares. These malicious applications, which are being marketed to abusive spouses, overbearing parents, and stalkers, can be installed secretly on mobile devices, allowing their owners to monitor their targets' activities.
In April 2019, she convinced anti-virus provider Kaspersky Lab to begin explicitly alerting users of security threats upon detection of stalkerware on the company's Android product. She also asked Apple to allow antivirus applications in its marketplace and, like Kaspersky, to alert its users if their mobile devices have been jailbroken or rooted. Galperin stated that due to competition, more cybersecurity companies will be prompted to follow suit to meet this heightened standard. She has also called on U.S. state and federal officials to arrest and prosecute executives of companies that are developing and selling stalkerwares on charges of hacking.
# Marquinhos Cipriano

Marcos Robson Cipriano (born 2 February 1999) , simply known as Marquinhos Cipriano, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays for Sion as a left-back.

## Club career

A native of Catanduva, Cipriano joined the youth academy of Desportivo Brasil at the age of 14 after an unsuccessful trial with Santos FC. While playing for Desportivo Brasil, he was scouted by Grêmio, Santos, Palmeiras and Corinthians; although he wanted to play for his favourite club São Paulo. In September 2015, he was bought by São Paulo Futebol Clube for $1 million. His contract termination fee was set at $120 million. Soon after joining the club, São Paulo rejected a $7 million offer from Spanish club Atlético Madrid to secure his services. He emerged as the top scorer of the U-17 Campeonato Paulista of 2016 with 21 goals and was subsequently promoted to the under-20 team. On 16 January 2018, Cipriano was called to the senior team for a match against São Bento in the Paulista. He made his debut in the match, coming as a substitute for Júnior Tavares in the 2–0 defeat.
On 10 July 2018, Cipriano moved abroad and joined Ukrainian club Shakhtar Donetsk on a five-year deal. He previously signed a pre-season contract with the club in January 2018.

## Personal life

Cipriano has a twin brother named Mateus who is a volleyball player. He also has a sister named Monique.

## International career

Cipriano has been capped by Brazil at under-20 level, representing the team at 2017 Toulon Tournament.

## Career statistics

    As of 7 December 2022
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| São Paulo | 2018 | Série A | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Shakhtar Donetsk | 2018–19 | Ukrainian Premier League | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 |
| Shakhtar Donetsk | 2019–20 | Ukrainian Premier League | 12 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 1 |
| Shakhtar Donetsk | 2020–21 | Ukrainian Premier League | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0 |
| Shakhtar Donetsk | Total | Total | 26 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26 | 1 |
| Sion (loan) | 2021–22 | Super League | 32 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 33 | 0 |
| Cruzeiro | 2022 | Série B | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 65 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 67 | 1 |
* ↑ Includes Swiss Cup
* ↑ Appearance in Paulista

## Honours
### Club
#### Shakhtar Donetsk

* Ukrainian Premier League
    Winner (1): 2018–19
* Ukrainian Cup
    Winner (1): 2018–19