OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1886 Edinburgh South by-elections

The 1886 Edinburgh South by-elections were two parliamentary by-elections held for the UK House of Commons constituency of Edinburgh South in the Scottish capital in January and February 1886.
It was the latest occurrence of two by-elections in the same constituency in the same year until the 1990 Bootle by-elections.

## Vacancy

Under the provisions of the Succession to the Crown Act 1707 and a number of subsequent Acts, MPs appointed to certain ministerial and legal offices were at this time required to seek re-election. The by-election in Edinburgh South was caused by the appointment of the sitting Liberal MP, Hugh Childers as Home Secretary.

## Candidates

Childers had been the MP for Edinburgh South for just a few days when he had to resign to seek re-election. He had won the seat on 29 January 1886 in a by-election occasioned by the death of Sir George Harrison who had been elected as an Independent Liberal at the 1885 general election. At the by-election, Childers beat his Conservative challenger, Walter George Hepburne-Scott, 9th Lord Polwarth, taking 70% of the poll. Before being selected for Edinburgh South, Childers had been MP for Pontefract in the West Riding of Yorkshire since 1860 but had lost the seat narrowly at the 1885 general election.
Childers also had a distinguished government career behind him by 1886 having been, amongst other posts he held, First Lord of the Admiralty, Secretary of State for War and Chancellor of the Exchequer in previous Liberal administrations.
The writ for the by-election was moved in Parliament on 4 February by Arnold Morley, who went on to be the new government’s Chief Whip, along with a number of writs for other seats involving newly appointed ministers in Gladstone's third administration. These included Gladstone himself, Joseph Chamberlain, Vernon Harcourt and Henry Campbell-Bannerman amongst others.
Having been so roundly beaten so recently in the constituency, the Tories did not wish to contest Childers’ appointment to the government and there being no other nominations, Childers was returned unopposed.

## January result

1886 by-election: Edinburgh South :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Hugh Childers | 4,029 | 70.0 | +29.8 |
| | Conservative | Walter George Hepburne-Scott, 9th Lord Polwarth | 1,730 | 30.0 | New |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 2,299 | 40.0 | N/A |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 5,759 | 65.8 | −15.8 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 8,754 | | |
| | Liberal gain from Independent Liberal | Liberal gain from Independent Liberal | Swing | N/A | |

## February result

Edinburgh South by-election, 9 February 1886 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Hugh Childers | Unopposed | N/A | N/A |
| | Liberal hold | Liberal hold | Swing | N/A | |
# Los Medanos College

Los Medanos College (LMC) is a public community college in Pittsburg, California. Established in 1974, LMC has an extension in Brentwood and is part of the Contra Costa Community College District.

## History

The name, meaning "inland sand dunes" in Spanish, refers to the sand dunes that characterize its location in eastern Contra Costa County along the Sacramento River and in the foothills of Mt. Diablo. Opened in 1974, the college is part of Contra Costa Community College District, along with Contra Costa College and Diablo Valley College. Enrolment was 6,845 students in Spring 2023.

## Academics

There were 25 associate degrees and 30 certificates of achievement available in the 2022–2023 academic year.

## Facilities

Several notable programs include:
* Fire Academy (approved by the California State Fire Marshal)
* Honors Transfer Program
* Puente: improving college success and accessibility for Latino students
* MESA (Math, Engineering, Science Achievement Program): facilitating transfer to four-year institutions with majors and bachelor's degrees in science, engineering, computer science and other math-based fields.
* Umoja Scholars: focuses on enriching, fostering, and nurturing the educational experience of African American students.
* AVID (Advancement Via Individual Determination): prepares students to transfer to a four-year school.
* PTEC (Process Technology): aids and prepares students for a career in chemical processing and oil refinery work.

## Notable alumni

* Ty Carter, United States Army Staff Sergeant and Medal of Honor recipient
* Lester Conner (born 1959), professional basketball player and coach
* Anthony C. Ferrante, film director, producer and writer
* Octavio Guzman, professional soccer player
* Jack Larscheid, professional football player
* Sterling Moore, professional football player
* Dave Tollefson, professional football player
* Rich Waltz, television sportscaster
# Witold Wawrzyczek

Witold Wawrzyczek (born 22 May 1973) is a Polish former professional footballer who played as a midfielder.

## Honours

Ruch Chorzów
* Polish Cup: 1995–96
# Georg Antholzer

Georg Antholzer was an Italian luger who competed in the mid-1980s. A natural track luger, he won two medals in the men's doubles event at the FIL European Luge Natural Track Championships with a gold in 1985 and a silver in 1983.
# List of museums in the Falkland Islands

This is a list of museums in the Falkland Islands.

## Museums in the Falkland Islands

* Falkland Islands Museum
* Barnard Memorial Museum
* Historic Dockyard Museum
* Port Howard Museum
* Goose Green Museum
* Cartmell Cottage
* North Arm Settlement Museum
* Post Office Museum
# Evan Cohen

Evan Gary Cohen (Hebrew: אוון כהן) is a South African-born Israeli linguist and a tenured professor of linguistics at Tel Aviv University. Cohen was the spokesman to international media for Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu from July 2019 to March 2020. Cohen succeeded David Keyes in the position.
Cohen's appointment was announced by Netanyahu on 14 July 2019. Cohen was not known to have any prior experience in public diplomacy. Several weeks before the announcement, Netanyahu saw Cohen being interviewed on the Israeli news channel i24 about Amir Ohana becoming the first gay Israeli cabinet minister and was impressed with Cohen's ability to present the Likud worldview.

## Political views

Before being appointed Netanyahu's spokesman, Cohen was the head of Likud Pride, the LGBT forum in the Likud party. In 2014, Cohen organized the Likud party's first international convention of LGBT activists in conservative parties. He has advocated for marriage equality and the right to surrogacy for gay men. In 2018, Cohen said the Netanyahu government's failure to include same-sex couples in a new surrogacy law was "shameful" and said that the bill should not have been passed.
Cohen said he believes gay people should support whichever party fits their political ideology regardless of their sexual orientation. Cohen said he identified "with the more hard right" in Israeli politics.

## Personal life

Cohen was born in Durban, South Africa. He moved to Israel when he was nine years old with his parents and three siblings. He was a captain in the intelligence branch of the Israel Defense Forces. He lives with his husband, Omri Rosenkrantz, in Ramat Gan. Cohen has a doctorate in linguistics from Tel Aviv University. His research focuses on phonology, phonetics and heritage linguistics.
Cohen is a competitive Scrabble player. He is the founder (1998) and director of the Tel Aviv Scrabble Club, and has been the highest-rated Israeli Scrabble player since 1991. Cohen has won several Israeli and international tournaments, and was the first player to represent Israel in the World Championships (1991), which he has done several times since.
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 2518

United Nations Security Council Resolution 2518 was adopted in 2020.
# Hope Chisanu

Hope Chisanu (October 12, 1983 – June 1, 2024) was a Malawian actor, politician and radio personality at the Malawi Broadcasting Corporation (MBC). He appeared in a leading role in the Malawian award-winning movies The Last Fishing Boat and Seasons of a Life.
On radio, he worked as the radio host at MBC and was known for hosting pro-DPP programs such as 'Never Again.'

## Background
### Early life and education

Chisanu was born in Lilongwe, Malawi. His acting and drama career began at Dzenza Secondary School, where he was an active member of the school's drama club. After completing secondary education, he pursued a degree in journalism at Blantyre International University.
Chisanu holds a bachelor's degree in journalism from Blantyre International University. His academics equipped him with the skills and knowledge to pursue a career in broadcasting and journalism.
In 2023, he was fired by MBC.

### Political career

Chisanu was an ardent supporter of the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) and was known for his biased reporting in favor of the party. He hosted pro-DPP programs on MBC, including "Never Again," which was criticized for its partisan approach. His political allegiance led to controversy and eventual disciplinary action.

## Allegations

Chisanu faced allegations of biased reporting, propaganda, and promoting hate speech through his programs. Critics accused him of using his platform to spread misinformation and further the interests of the DPP.

## Personal life

Chisanu was married and had a daughter, Walinase Chisanu. He died in the United States on June 1, 2024.
# 1886 Queen's County Ossory by-election

The Queen's County Ossory, by-election, 1886 was a parliamentary by-election held for the United Kingdom House of Commons constituency of Queen's County Ossory on 12 February 1886. Arthur O'Connor of the Irish Parliamentary Party, member for the former Queen's County constituency, having been elected both in this seat and in East Donegal, chose to sit for the latter. The Queen's County Ossory seat thus became vacant, requiring a by-election. Only one candidate, Stephen O'Mara of the Irish Parliamentary Party, was nominated, and was elected unopposed. He held the seat until the general election later that year, which he did not contest.
# Los Padres League

The Los Padres League was a high school athletic conference in California that was part of the CIF Southern Section (CIF-SS). Member schools were located in San Luis Obispo and northern Santa Barbara counties. The league was dissolved in 2018 after most of its member schools left the CIF-SS for the CIF Central Section and formed a new conference, the Central Coast Athletic Conference, with members of the Pac-8 League. The three southernmost Los Padres League members — Lompoc, Cabrillo, and Santa Ynez high schools — remained in the CIF-SS as part of the Channel League.

## Member schools

As of the 2014–15 school year, the schools in the league were:
* Cabrillo High School
* Lompoc High School
* Morro Bay High School
* Nipomo High School
* Orcutt Academy High School
* Santa Maria High School
* Santa Ynez High School
* Templeton High School

### Football

* Cabrillo High School
* Lompoc High School
* Pioneer Valley High School
* St. Joseph High School
* Santa Ynez High School
# Tomasz Copik

Tomasz Copik (born 5 April 1978) is a Polish professional football manager and former player who is currently the assistant manager of Odra Opole.

## Career
### Club career

In December 2010, he joined MKS Kluczbork. In June 2011, he moved to Olimpia Grudziądz.

## Coaching career

In summer 2015 Copik was appointed coach of Odra Opole's U19 team alongside Piotr Plewnia and was also set to continue as head coach of the club's reserve team. In January 2016, Copik became a part of Jan Furlepa's staff for Odra Opoles first team beside his duties with the reserve and U19 teams.
On 28 August 2019, Copik was promoted to the first team as Piotr Plewnia's assistant coach and therefore also left his position at his former club, Orzeł Źlinice, which he had been the head coach of since 2017 alongside his coaching duties at Odra Opole.
On 30 September 2024, following the dismissal of Radosław Sobolewski, Copik took on the role of caretaker head coach. He returned to his previous duties the following day after the appointment of Jarosław Skrobacz.

## Honours

Odra Opole
* III liga Opole–Silesian: 2012–13
# Anton Blasbichler

Anton Blasbichler (born 18 February 1972) was an Italian luger who has competed since 1989. A natural track luger, he won nine medals at the FIL World Luge Natural Track Championships with four golds (Singles: 2001, 2005, Team: 2003, 2009, 2011), one silver (Singles: 1996), and three bronzes (Singles: 1998, 1996, Team: 2005).
At the FIL European Luge Natural Track Championships, Blasbichler won four medals in the men's singles event with two golds (1993, 1999), a silver (2008), and a bronze (2010.
# Secretary of State of Arkansas

The Arkansas Secretary of State is one of the elected constitutional officers of the U.S. State of Arkansas.
The current Secretary of State is Republican Cole Jester who was appointed by Governor Sarah Huckabee Sanders after John Thurston became the state treasurer.

## Organization

The secretary of state's office is composed of seven divisions:
* The Building & Grounds Division maintains the Arkansas State Capitol and its surrounding grounds and gardens.
* The Business & Commercial Services Division is responsible for filing liens pursuant to the Uniform Commercial Code, registering business entities and trademarks, collecting the state franchise tax, and licensing notaries public.
* The Communications & Education Division provides public education about civics and the History of Arkansas, and produces various state publications.
* The Elections Division administers elections, regulates campaign finance and lobbying, and ensures compliance with state and federal election laws.
* The Fiscal Office deals with the internal financial, logistical, and personnel matters of the Office of the Secretary of State. They also distribute the Arkansas and United States flag.
* The secretary also runs the State Capitol gift shop.
* The State Capitol Police provide security for the State Capitol building and police services for the Capitol Complex.

## Other duties

The Secretary of State also publishes the state's administrative regulations and the state gazette, the Arkansas Register.

## Officeholders

Democrats were elected exclusively to the office of secretary of state from the later Reconstruction era until the retirement of Charlie Daniels to run for State Auditor in 2010, when the first modern-day Republican to hold the office, Mark Martin, was elected. Secretaries of State during the statehood of Arkansas include:
* Robert A. Watkins (D) 1836–1840
* D. B. Greer 1840–1842
* John Winfrey (D) 1842
* D. B. Greer (D) 1842–1859
* Alexander Boileau (D) 1859–1860
* S. W. Weaver (D) 1860
* John I. Stirman (D) 1860–1862
* O. H. Oates (Confederate) 1862–1864
* Robert J. T. White (R) 1864–1871
* James M. Johnson (R) 1871–1874
* Benton B. Beavers (D) 1874–1879
* Jacob Frolich (D) 1879–1885
* Elias B. Moore (D) 1885–1889
* Benjamin Boone Chism (D) 1889–1893
* H. B. Armistead (D) 1893–1897
* Alexander C. Hull (D) 1897–1901
* J. W. Crockett (D) 1901–1905
* O. C. Ludwig (D) 1905–1911
* Earle W. Hodges (D) 1911–1917
* Tom J. Terral (D) 1917–1921
* Ira C. Hopper (D) 1921–1925
* Jim B. Higgins (D) 1925–1931
* Ed F. McDonald (D) 1931–1937
* C. G. "Crip" Hall (D) 1937–1961
* Nancy J. Hall (D) 1961–1963
* Kelly Bryant (D) 1963–1975
* George O. Jernigan Jr. (D) 1975–1977
* Winston Bryant (D) 1977–1979
* Paul Riviere (D) 1979–1985
* William J. "Bill" McCuen (D) 1985–1995
* Sharon M. Priest (D) 1995–2003
* Charlie Daniels (D) 2003–2011
* Mark Martin (R) 2011–2019
* John Thurston (R) 2019–2025
* Cole Jester (R) 2025–present
# Ésera

The Ésera (Spanish:) is a tributary of the Cinca in the High Aragon. It is part of the valley of the Ebro and its drainage basin. Its etymology is Celtic and it is cognate with several European rivers: Isar, Jizera, Isère, Isel, IJssel, and Eisack.
# 1887 South Sligo by-election

The 1887 South Sligo by-election was a parliamentary by-election held for the United Kingdom House of Commons constituency of South Sligo on 7 February 1887. The sitting member, Thomas Sexton of the Irish Parliamentary Party had been re-elected in the general election of 1886, but having been elected also in the constituency of Belfast West, he chose to sit for the latter. In the ensuing by-election another Irish Parliamentary Party candidate, Edward Joseph Kennedy, was elected unopposed.
# Kaštel Lukšić

Kaštel Lukšić is a town within the administrative area of Kaštela in Dalmatia, Croatia.

## The town of Kaštela

The town of Kaštela is located on the coast of the Bay of Kaštela. It has over 40 000 inhabitants, and it is the second largest town in the Split and Dalmatia County. It stretches over the length of 17 kilometers. The town is specific because it developed around 7 settlements or around castles. Kaštel Lukšić is fourth of 7 kastels from East.
* Kaštel Sućurac
* Kaštel Gomilica
* Kaštel Kambelovac
* Kaštel Lukšić
* Kaštel Stari
* Kaštel Novi
* Kaštel Štafilić

## History

Kaštel Lukšić was built as a castle, by the aristocratic family Vitturi from Trogir, at the end of the 15th century. Kastel Luksic was originally renaissance residency with the inside yard and sea around, but later was connected with the mainland. Here is situated Kaštela Municipal Museum with permanent exhibition.

## Local Interest

Monument of Horticultural & Architecture Vitturi-The town includes the first ever park which was erected by the Nobleman Rados Michell Vitturi in the second part of the 18th century. He was a renowned agricultural expert and President of the Agricultural Academy of Luksic. Since 1968 the park has been protected as a monument of horticultural architecture and culture, covering an area of over 9 hectares. Today the park includes features including aleppo pine, cypress and bay laurel as well as more established characteristics such as several exotic and rare samples of trees.
# Siegfried Graber

Siegfried Graber was an Italian luger who competed in the early 1970s. A natural track luger, he won a gold medal in the men's doubles event at the 1971 FIL European Luge Natural Track Championships in Vandans, Austria.
# Jinzhou station (Guangzhou Metro)

Jinzhou Station (Chinese: 金洲站; Cantonese Yale: Gāmjāu Jaahm) is an elevated station of Line 4 of the Guangzhou Metro. It started operations on 28 June 2007 and served as the southern terminus of Line 4 until the extension to Nansha Passenger Port. It is located at the junction of Shuangshan Avenue and Guangfeng Road in the town of Huangge, Nansha District.
The previous name of the station was "Chongwei Station" (冲尾站). Since May 2006, its name has changed to Jinzhou Station before the station put into service in 2007.

## Station layout

| F3 Platforms | Side platform, doors will open on the right | Side platform, doors will open on the right |
| F3 Platforms | Platform 2 | 4 towards Nansha Passenger Port (Feishajiao) |
| F3 Platforms | Platform 1 | 4 towards Huangcun (Jiaomen) |
| Side platform, doors will open on the right ||
| F2 Concourse | Lobby | Customer Service, Shops, Vending machines, ATMs |
| F2 Concourse | - | Pedestrian overpass |
| G Equipment Area | - | Exit and Station equipment |

## Exits

| Exit number | Exit number | Exit location |
| Exit A | Exit A | Shuangshan Dadao |
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 1318

United Nations Security Council resolution 1318, adopted unanimously on 7 September 2000, after holding a meeting of world leaders on occasion of the Millennium Summit, the Council endorsed the United Nations Millennium Declaration on ensuring an effective role for the Security Council in the maintenance of international peace and security, particularly in Africa.

## Resolution

The Security Council adopted the following declaration, divided into eight chapters.

### I

The Security Council committed itself to the principles of the United Nations Charter; the equality, sovereignty, territorial integrity and independence of all nations; respect for human rights; and confirmed the non-use or threat of force in international relations.

### II

The Council pledged to be involved in all stages of conflict, from prevention to post-conflict peacekeeping. All regions would have equal priority, but special attention would be given to Africa.

### III

It strongly encouraged strategies to determine the root causes of conflicts. Peacekeeping operations would be strengthened with clear mandates with security, well-trained and equipped personnel and consultations with troop-contributing countries. The capacity for peacekeeping forces had to be enhanced and funding improved.

### IV

The report of the Panel on United Nations Peace Operations would be considered.

### V

It was crucial that ex-combatants were disarmed, demobilised and reintegrated, and that such programmes should be included into the mandates of peacekeeping operations.

### VI

The Council called for international action against illicit arms trafficking and the perpetrators of crimes against humanity, genocide and war crimes be tried. Furthermore, it was important that peacekeepers were sensitised against HIV/AIDS in all operations.

### VII

Contacts with regional and international organisations had to be strengthened in accordance with Chapter VIII of the United Nations Charter. In the case of Africa, continued co-operation and co-ordination between the United Nations and Organisation of African Unity to address conflicts was emphasised.

### VIII

Ultimately, the responsibility to resolve conflicts was with the parties themselves. Peacekeeping operations designed to implement peace agreements would only be successful if there was genuine commitment from the concerned parties. Finally, the Council called upon all states to secure a world free from war.
# Marca Bristo

Marca Bristo (June 23, 1953 – September 8, 2019) was an American disability rights activist.

## Life and career

Bristo was born Marcia Lynn Bristo on June 23, 1953, in Albany, New York, and was raised on a family farm in Castleton-on-Hudson, New York before moving to West Winfield, New York. She attended Beloit College and earned her nursing degree from Rush University in Chicago. Early in her career, she worked at the Prentice Women's Hospital.
Bristo was paralyzed from the chest down in a diving accident in 1977, when she was 23 years old. In 1983, she co-founded the American National Council on Independent Living (NCIL) with Max Starkloff and Charlie Carr. She helped to write the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, was granted the Secretary's Distinguished Service Award, the Americans with Disabilities Act Award and the 2014 Henry Viscardi Achievement Awards. She was also the chair of the American National Council on Disability from 1994 to 2002, and as such was its first disabled chair. In 2014 she became president of the United States International Council on Disabilities. She was also the founding president and chief executive officer of Access Living of Metropolitan Chicago.
Bristo died at the age of 66 in Chicago.
# Louisiana State University School of Dentistry

Louisiana State University School of Dentistry is a school of dentistry located in the United States city of New Orleans, Louisiana.

## History

Louisiana State University School of Dentistry is part of the LSU Health Sciences Center New Orleans. The school was established in 1968.

## Academics

Louisiana State University School of Dentistry awards following degrees:
* Doctor of Dental Surgery
* Bachelor of Science in Dental Hygiene
* Associate of Science in Dental Laboratory Technology

## Departments

Louisiana State University School of Dentistry includes the following departments:
* Department of Comprehensive Dentistry & Biomaterials
* Department of Endodontics
* Department of Oral & Craniofacial Biology
* Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology
* Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
* Department of Orthodontics
* Department of Pediatric Dentistry
* Department of Periodontics
* Department of Prosthodontics

## Accreditation

Louisiana State University School of Dentistry is currently accredited by ADA.