OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Battle of Tierra Blanca

The Battle of Tierra Blanca was fought in 1913 during the Mexican Revolution. It took place about 35 miles (56 km) south of Ciudad Juárez. The outcome was a major victory for Francisco "Pancho" Villa over the forces of José Inés Salazar, commander of the federal forces loyal to then head of state Victoriano Huerta.
The two armies were of relatively equal numbers, 5,500 of Villa's soldiers standing against an estimated 7,000 federal soldiers. But Salazar's troops were in theory more disciplined and had more artillery. The battle began on 23 November 1913; the first day saw fairly indecisive fighting, but before the actual clashes started Fierro had been sent south to destroy the railroad tracks, forcing the federal soldiers to halt.
On the second day, as Villa flanked the well armed federal soldiers with cavalry, a steam locomotive filled with dynamite and percussion caps was rammed into train cars provided for them. The resulting explosion caused Salazar's men to flee to nearby undamaged train cars in retreat. Villa's cavalry then overwhelmed the troopers. This attack, combined with Rodolfo Fierro's mission to explode armaments behind the lines, caused Salazar's forces to collapse.
Fierro is noted as riding on horseback after an escaping locomotive, climbing on to it, running across the roofs of the train cars, and shooting dead the boilerman and conductor, pulling the train to a complete stop. All federal soldiers captured were executed.
Villa captured 4 locomotives, 7 machine guns, horses, rifles and 400,000 rounds of small arms ammunition in the battle. The death toll stood around 1,000 federal soldiers killed and 300 of Villa's own.
# Edmund V. Ludwig

Edmund V. Ludwig (May 20, 1928 – May 17, 2016) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania.

## Early life and education

Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Ludwig received an Artium Baccalaureus degree from Harvard University in 1949 and a Bachelor of Laws from Harvard Law School in 1952. He was a Reserve Captain in the Army JAG Corps from 1953 to 1956, before returning to private practice in Philadelphia, and later Doylestown, Pennsylvania.

## Legal career

Ludwig was elected a Judge on the Bucks County Court of Common Pleas in 1968, and went to serve as a Clinical associate professor at Hahnemann University, and a visiting lecturer at Temple University Beasley School of Law in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Ludwig also briefly served as a member of the University of Pennsylvania's faculty in the early 1980s, and held a variety of positions at Villanova University School of Law in the late 1970s.

## Federal judicial service

Ludwig was nominated by President Ronald Reagan to a seat on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on June 21, 1985. The seat was vacated by the retiring former Lieutenant Governor Raymond J. Broderick. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on October 16, 1985, and received his commission on October 17, 1985. He assumed senior status on May 20, 1997, serving in that status until his death on May 17, 2016, in Doylestown, Pennsylvania.
# Richard Bingham, 2nd Earl of Lucan

Richard Bingham, 2nd Earl of Lucan (4 December 1764 – 30 June 1839), styled The Honourable from 1776 to 1795 and subsequently Lord Bingham until 1799, was an Irish peer and Tory politician.

## Background

He was the only son of Charles Bingham, 1st Earl of Lucan, and his wife Margaret Smith, daughter of Sir James Smith. Bingham was educated at The Royal College of St Peter in Westminster and Christ Church, Oxford. In 1799, he succeeded his father as earl.

## Career

Bingham entered the British House of Commons for St Albans in 1790, representing the constituency until 1800. After the Act of Union in the following year, he sat as Irish representative peer in the House of Lords from 1802 until his death in 1839.

## Family

On 26 May 1794, he married Lady Elizabeth Belasyse, third daughter of Henry Belasyse, 2nd Earl Fauconberg and former wife of Bernard Howard, 12th Duke of Norfolk, and had by her five daughters and two sons. They separated in 1804. Bingham died, aged 74 at his residence at Serpentine Terrace, Knightsbridge and was succeeded in his titles by his older son George. His second son, Richard Camden Bingham, was a diplomat. His eldest daughter, Elizabeth, married George Harcourt.
He was acquainted with the novelist Jane Austen, who in a letter dated 8 February 1807 reported that "Lord Lucan has taken a mistress."
# Remote Area Firefighting Team

Remote Area Firefighting Team (RAFT) personnel are members of a number of Australian fire services, including the Queensland RURAL Fire Service, New South Wales Rural Fire Service, NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service and the ACT Rural Fire service who are particularly effective for work in rugged, isolated areas that firefighting tankers can’t access by road. They can then be transported in 4WD before hiking to the fireground, or sometimes winched in by helicopter.
RAFTs are skilled in dry firefighting techniques such as creating firebreaks by cutting mineral earth trails or undertaking backburning work.
The winch training is just one aspect of the RAFT program which also includes a medical examination and fitness test to ensure crews can cope with this strenuous form of firefighting.
The ‘arduous pack test’ involves walking 4.83 km carrying 20.4 kg in 45 minutes or less to be eligible participate in training, or 43 minutes to be considered operationally deployable [2].
Because RAFT operate a long way from vehicle support, RAFT personnel rely on each other, so teams are made up of people with a good mix of training, good navigational skills, and the ability to carry heavy equipment over long distances.
The team must be self-supporting, carrying food, drinking water and basic camping equipment.
Decisions to deploy RAFT are only made after thorough risk assessment with detailed analysis of current and predicted fire behaviour. The safety of crew members is paramount.
# Hopwood Middle School

Hopwood Middle School, formerly Hopwood Junior High School, is a secondary school in Saipan, Northern Mariana Islands, a part of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands Public School System.
Hopwood Junior High School (HJHS) was founded in 1949 as the Saipan Intermediate School and then renamed in 1962 after Admiral Herbert Gladstone Hopwood of the United States Navy. Admiral Hopwood served as Commander in Chief of the United States Pacific Fleet from 1958 to 1960. He was also the Commanding Officer for the Northern Mariana Islands in the 1950s.
During World War II, the location of the school was a cemetery for the Fourth Marine Division.
HJHS's school mascot is the Hilitai (Mariana monitor lizard), and its school colors are dark blue and gold.

## Promotion Ceremony

Every School Year, Hopwood Junior High School has a Promotion Ceremony for its eighth graders. On this day, they award the Top Ten, the Honorable Mentions, the Principal's Award (Leadership Award), the Commissioner's Award (salutatorian), and the Board of Education Award (valedictorian).

## American Scholastic Achievement League (ASAL)

In 2006, Sam Nepaial was the United States Territories’ Champion for the American Scholastic Achievement League.
In 2007, Andrei Seki became the United States Territories’ Champion for the American Scholastic Achievement League.
Both received a Certificate of Merit (which is given to all competitors), a Medal, and a Trophy.
# Flag of San Diego

The flag of San Diego consists of three vertical bands; colored from left to right; dark red, white and gold. The central white band carries the city seal, which carries the words: "The City of San Diego · State of California · Semper Vigilans." The last of those three phrases is the city's official motto, Latin for "ever vigilant." Under the seal is the number 1542, the year in which Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo first entered San Diego Bay and claimed the area for the Spanish Empire. The red and gold bands come from the colors of Spain's flag. The flag was adopted on October 16, 1934, by the City Council, after Albert V. Mayrhofer submitted a sample banner on behalf of the California Historical Association, the Native Sons of the Golden West, Native Daughters of the Golden West, and The San Diegans.
# Adolphe Lamot

Adolphe Lamot (born 8 November 1911, date of death unknown) was a Belgian wrestler. He competed in the men's Greco-Roman flyweight at the 1948 Summer Olympics.
# Alan Harris Nevas

Alan Harris Nevas (born March 27, 1928) is a former United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Connecticut.

## Education and career

Born in Norwalk, Connecticut, Nevas received an Artium Baccalaureus degree from Syracuse University in 1949. He received a Bachelor of Laws from New York University School of Law in 1951. He was in private practice of law in Westport, Connecticut from 1951 to 1952. He was in the United States Army as a Sergeant First Class from 1952 to 1954. He was in private practice of law in Westport from 1954 to 1981. He was a member of the Connecticut House of Representatives from 1971 to 1977 and was a Republican. He was a Justice of the Peace in Westport from 1976 to 1981. He was the United States Attorney for the District of Connecticut from 1981 to 1985.

## Federal judicial service

Nevas was nominated by President Ronald Reagan on September 9, 1985, to the United States District Court for the District of Connecticut, to a new seat created by 98 Stat. 333. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on October 16, 1985, and received commission on October 17, 1985. He assumed senior status on March 27, 1997, and retired on February 2, 2009.

## Post judicial service

Following his retirement from the federal bench, Nevas became special counsel to Levett Rockwood P.C., a corporate law firm in Westport. Upon Levett Rockwood's combination with Verrill Dana, a leading New England regional law firm, in 2015, he became Senior Counsel to Verrill, where he continues to practice, primarily as an arbitrator and mediator. During his tenure at Levett Rockwood, Nevas was appointed by former Governor Jodi Rell to chair the state's investigation into the causes of the deadly February 7, 2010 explosion at the Kleen Energy power plant in Middletown, Connecticut, and to chair the committee that allocated $7.7 million in funds to families impacted by the December 14, 2012 Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting in Newtown, Connecticut.
# Sir John Heathcoat-Amory, 1st Baronet

Sir John Heathcoat Heathcoat-Amory, 1st Baronet, DL (4 May 1829 – 26 May 1914), was a British businessman and Liberal politician.
Born John Amory, he was the maternal grandson of John Heathcoat, Member of Parliament for Tiverton, and assumed the additional surname of Heathcoat by Royal licence. He was a partner of J. Heathcoat & Co, lace manufacturers, and also represented Tiverton in the House of Commons between 1868 and 1885. In 1874 he was created a baronet, of Knightshayes Court in Tiverton in the County of Devon. In 1867 he commissioned the country house of Knightshayes Court under the design of William Burges.
Heathcoat-Amory married Henrietta Mary Unwin in 1863. They had nine children (five sons and four daughters), of whom six reached adulthood. Derick Heathcoat-Amory, 1st Viscount Amory, was their grandson while David Heathcoat-Amory is their great-grandson. Heathcoat-Amory died in May 1914, aged 85, and was succeeded in the baronetcy by his second but eldest surviving son Ian. Lady Heathcoat-Amory died in November 1923.
# Ostrovec

Ostrovec is a municipality in Písek District in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants.
Ostrovec lies approximately 14 kilometres (9 mi) north of Písek, 56 km (35 mi) north-west of České Budějovice, and 78 km (48 mi) south of Prague.

## Administrative division

Ostrovec consists of three municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
* Dolní Ostrovec (225)
* Horní Ostrovec (102)
* Dědovice (16)
# Hot Springs High School (New Mexico)

Hot Springs High School (HSHS) is a 4-year public high school located in Truth or Consequences, New Mexico, within the Truth or Consequences Municipal Schools.
The boundary of the school district is all of Sierra County, and therefore the school's service area is that county.
In February 2007, the school had about 426 students.
The school's sports team are named Tigers.
# Gareth Price (rugby league)

Gareth Morgan Price (18 August 1917 – 19 July 1992), also known by the nickname of "Big G", was a Welsh rugby union and professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1940s and 1950s, and coached rugby league in the 1950s. He played club level rugby union (RU) for Llanelli RFC, and representative level rugby league (RL) for Wales, and at club level for Leeds, Halifax and Doncaster (two spells) (captain), as a centre, and coached at club level for Doncaster,

## Background

Gareth Price was born in Llanelli, Wales and he died aged 74 from pancreatic cancer at Leeds General Infirmary, West Yorkshire, England.

## International honours

Gareth Price won 11 caps for Wales in 1945–1948 while at Leeds.
# 1914 Victorian state election

The 1914 Victorian state election was held in the Australian state of Victoria on Thursday, 26 November 1914 to elect 49 of the 65 members of the state's Legislative Assembly.

## Background

Politics in the state of Victoria in the previous decade had been a 3-way contest between the Conservative, Liberal and Labor parties. Following the example of the federal party, the Conservative and Liberal factions in Victoria united to form the Liberal Party. This new party dominated politics in the state, forming government with a majority of 43 of 65 seats in the previous election, although a new divide formed between city and rural based MPs.
This divide resulted in a no confidence motion being passed to the government of William Watt, when the rural based Liberal MPs and the opposition Labor MPs defeated the government in December 1913. To much surprise, Governor John Madden appointed the opposition Labor party under George Elmslie to government, although it was impossible to retain its position due to its minority in numbers, and that the law at the time stated that new ministers had to recontest their seats at by-elections.
Watt returned as Premier on 22 December 1913, and remained until he resigned in June 1914 to enter Federal politics. He was replaced by former Premier Alexander Peacock. A month later, World War I broke out. Peacock's administration enthusiastically contributed to the war, and was seeking reelection on this basis.

## Results
### Legislative Assembly

Victorian state election, 26 November 1914 Legislative Assembly
<< 1911–1917 >> :
| Enrolled voters | Enrolled voters | 810,026 | | | | |
| Votes cast | Votes cast | 319,950 | | Turnout | 39.50 | –15.90 |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | 7,294 | | Informal | 2.27 | +0.91 |
| Summary of votes by party |||||||
| Party | Party | Primary votes | % | Swing | Seats | Change |
| | Liberal | 167,112 | 53.44 | +6.83 | 42 | – 2 |
| | Labor | 121,562 | 38.88 | –4.18 | 21 | + 2 |
| | Independent | 24,022 | 7.68 | –2.65 | 2 | ± 0 |
| Total | Total | 312,696 | | | 65 | |
Notes:
* Sixteen seats were uncontested at this election, and were retained by the incumbent parties:
** Liberal (7): Allandale, Borung, Dandenong, Gippsland South, Gippsland West, Gunbower, Lowan,
** Labor (9): Abbotsford, Albert Park, Carlton, Collingwood, Fitzroy, Flemington, Geelong, Port Melbourne, Williamstown
# Perry Shields

Perry Shields (January 12, 1925 – January 14, 2002) was a judge of the United States Tax Court.
Born in Townsend, Blount County, Tennessee, Shields graduated from Everett High School in Maryville, Tennessee in 1943, and enlisted in the U.S. Army. He attended Yale University and Princeton University while in the Army before being assigned as a medical aide in the 104th Infantry Division. In 1944 he was in combat in World War II, serving in France, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Germany. He was severely wounded near Aachen, Germany, resulting in the amputation of his left leg. After he returned to the United States and recovered from his injuries, Shields attended undergraduate school at Duke University for two years before entering its law school. He received his law degree from the Duke University School of Law in 1950.
After serving two years as a revenue agent with the Internal Revenue Service, Shields became an attorney in the Chief Counsel's Office, Internal Revenue Service, where he served in Washington, D.C., in the Claims Division. From 1954 to 1956 he was a civil advisory and trial attorney in the IRS Regional Counsel's offices in Atlanta, Georgia, and Greensboro, North Carolina. Shields returned to Tennessee to enter private practice, specializing in tax matters, in Knoxville and Chattanooga from 1956 until 1982.
On November 14, 1981, Shields was appointed to the United States Tax Court by President Ronald Reagan, taking the oath of office on February 5, 1982. He assumed senior status on April 1, 1994, and continued to serve as a senior judge on recall until his retirement on July 1, 1994.
Shields died in Knoxville, Tennessee from complications from a stroke. He was interred with military honors in the Bethel Baptist Church Cemetery at Townsend, Tennessee. He was survived by his wife of 50 years, Bonnie Shields; a son, Bailey, of Maryville, Tennessee; two daughters, Leslie, of Knoxville, Tennessee, and Beth, of Savannah, Georgia; and three grandchildren.
# R. Ajay Gnanamuthu

R. Ajay Gnanamuthu (born 15 September 1988) is an Indian film director and screenwriter who works primarily in Tamil cinema. In 2015, he debuted as director with the horror-thriller film Demonte Colony, which received critical acclaim.

## Personal life

Gnanamuthu completed his schooling at St. John's High School and St. Patrick's Anglo Indian Higher Secondary School and later joined Loyola College. During his college days as a student of the visual communications department, he enjoyed making short films.
On 19 January 2025, he married Shimona Rajkumar.

## Career

Gnanamuthu was selected to contest in the short film making show, Naalaya Iyakunar Season-1 in 2010 where he finished as one of the finalists. He then joined filmmaker A. R. Murugadoss as an assistant director, and worked in films such as 7aum Arivu (2011) and Thuppakki (2012).
Gnanamuthu made his directorial debut in 2015 with the horror film Demonte Colony, which received critical acclaim and became a blockbuster at the box office. His second film was the 2018 thriller film Imaikkaa Nodigal, which received positive reviews. In 2022, saw him directing Vikram in Cobra.
In 2024, Ajay Gnanamuthu and actor Arulnithi have reunited for Demonte Colony 2, nearly a decade after their successful 2015 horror thriller. The sequel received positive reviews upon its global release, with praise for its screenplay and performances.

## Filmography

| Year | Film |
| 2015 | Demonte Colony |
| 2018 | Imaikkaa Nodigal |
| 2022 | Cobra |
| 2024 | Demonte Colony 2 |
# Iban Mayoz

Iban Mayoz Echeverría (born September 30, 1981, in San Sebastián, Basque Country) is a Spanish professional road bicycle racer, currently not under contract to any team. He began his career at Relax in 2004 before moving to ProTour team Euskaltel–Euskadi in 2006, and then to Karpin–Galicia in 2008.

## Major results
### 2008 – Karpin–Galicia

* Tour of the Basque Country
** Winner sprints classification
* Euskal Bizikleta
** Winner sprints classification

### 2010 – Footon–Servetto–Fuji

* Vuelta a Castilla y León
** Winner mountains classification
# On the Run (novel series)

On the Run is a series of children's novels written by Gordon Korman. It tells a story about two children who try to clear their parents' names while they are being hunted by the authorities themselves. The series has six books in total and was published in 2005 through 2006. The series also has a sequel series entitled Kidnapped, which follows the children after this series.

## Books

* Chasing the Falconers — Aiden and Meg Falconer escape from the Sunnydale juvenile detention farm to prove their parents are innocent by finding Frank Lindenauer, a family friend. They also discover a killer named Hairless Joe.
* The Fugitive Factor — The Falconers go to Boston and talk to Frank Lindenauer's former girlfriend, Jane Macintosh, but she calls the cops on them. Meg is captured and thrown in jail, but Aiden rescued her afterwards.
* Now You See Them, Now You Don't — Aiden and Meg fly to Los Angeles and receive help from a street gang called the International Crew led by Bo. They go into town to see around and find a poster with Frank Lindenauer on it and they call the number on the poster. However, the Falconers discover that it was a trap set up by Hairless Joe.
* The Stowaway Solution — The siblings stowaway on a ship to get to further escape from the police. They get captured on the ship but escape on an inflatable raft. Meg gets purposely hit by a car to be able to get to the same hospital as Aiden and handcuffs the FBI agent, Emmanuel Harris, to a radiator while in the hospital and escapes with Harris's car.
* Public Enemies — The Falconers discover the true identity of Hairless Joe, a man who has been routinely trying to kill them.
* Hunting the Hunter — The Falconers track down Frank Lindenauer to free their parents.
# Paddy mail

Paddy mails were workmen's trains operated by companies in Britain to transport workers from their "shanty villages" to their place of work or between the work sites.
Originally they were operated by railway contractors on temporary tracks laid to remove spoil from their workings. Many "navvies" were of Irish origin, hence the name given to the trains (see: Paddy).
Once the main line was built, the "Paddy mail" name passed to the workmen's specials, which in many cases were operated along the main line railways and sometimes operated by the main line companies to an exchange point where the trains were taken over by the industrial company.
In a time before the provision of pit-head baths it was illegal to travel in a normal service train in working clothes, so special trains were provided, usually of the railway company's most ancient coaches. There is a preserved example of such a vehicle from 1869 at the Midland Railway Centre at Butterley.
One much loved line was the Southwell Paddy.
Most of the services were terminated due to competition from motor buses in the 1930s. Since their main-line demise, the name has been applied to the underground man-riding trains which operate between the pit bottom and the working coal face.
# Sandy Dawson

Alexander Tamerlane Sinclair Dawson SC (c.1972 – 28 November 2022) was an Australian barrister who specialised in the law of defamation.
Dawson was educated at St Paul's College, University of Sydney. He was called to the bar in 2003 and was a founding member of Banco Chambers, Sydney in 2004. In 2016 he was appointed Senior Counsel. He was involved in a process to reform Australia's defamation laws.
Dawson represented a variety of media organisations, as well as Labor MP Emma Husar against BuzzFeed in 2019.
Dawson's sister Katrina was also a barrister. She was shot dead in the 2014 Lindt Cafe siege.
Dawson was married with four children. He died of brain cancer on 28 November 2022, aged 50.
# Roman Bierła

Roman Bierła (born 21 March 1957 in Katowice) is a Polish wrestler (Greco-Roman style).