OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# American Empire Project

The American Empire Project is a book series that deals with imperialist and exceptionalist tendencies in US foreign policy in the early 21st century. The series is published by Metropolitan Books and includes contributions by such notable American thinkers and authors as Noam Chomsky, Howard Zinn, Chalmers Johnson and Andrew Bacevich. The project's goal is to critique what the authors consider the imperial ambitions of the United States and to explore viable alternatives for foreign policy.
The American Empire Project was founded by Tom Engelhardt and Steven Fraser and started publication in 2004. It includes revised or reprinted editions of older books, as well as new books published for the first time.

## American Empire Project book list

A partial list of books in the project:
* A People's History of American Empire (2008); by Howard Zinn, Paul Buhle, Mike Konopacki
* A Question of Torture: CIA Interrogation, from the Cold War to the War on Terror (2006); by Alfred McCoy
* Ain’t My America: The Long, Noble History of Antiwar Conservatism and Middle-American Anti-Imperialism (2008); by Bill Kauffman
* Blood and Oil: The Dangers and Consequences of America's Growing Petroleum Dependency; by Michael T. Klare
* Blowback: The Costs and Consequences of American Empire, Revised edition; by Chalmers Johnson
* Crusade: Chronicles of an Unjust War; by James Carroll
* Devil's Game: How the United States Helped Unleash Fundamentalist Islam; by Robert Dreyfuss
* Dilemmas of Domination: The Unmaking of the American Empire; by Walden Bello
* Empire's Workshop: Latin America, the United States, and the Rise of the New Imperialism; by Greg Grandin
* Failed States: The Abuse of Power and the Assault on Democracy; by Noam Chomsky
* Hegemony or Survival: America's Quest for Global Dominance (2003); by Noam Chomsky
* How to Succeed at Globalization: A Primer for Roadside Vendors; by El Fisgón
* Imperial Ambitions: Conversations on the Post 9/11 World; by Noam Chomsky
* In the Name of Democracy: American War Crimes in Iraq and Beyond; by Jeremy Brecher, Jill Cutler, and Brendan Smith
* Iraq: The Logic of Withdrawal; by Anthony Arnove
* Kill Anything That Moves: The Real American War in Vietnam; by Nick Turse
* Nemesis: The Last Days of the American Republic; by Chalmers Johnson
* The Seventh Decade: The New Shape of Nuclear Danger; by Jonathan Schell
* The Sorrows of Empire: Militarism, Secrecy, and the End of the Republic; by Chalmers Johnson
* The Complex: How the Military Invades Our Everyday Lives; by Nick Turse
* The Limits of Power: The End of American Exceptionalism; by Andrew Bacevich
* War Powers: How the Imperial Presidency Hijacked the Constitution; by Peter Irons
* What We Say Goes: Conversations on U.S. Power in a Changing World: Interviews with David Barsamian; by Noam Chomsky and David Barsamian
# Hokke Genki

Dainihonkoku Hokekyō Kenki(大日本国法華経験記, "Miraculous Tales of the Lotus Sutra from Japan"), also called Honchô Hokke Genki(本朝法華験記) but commonly referred to as Hokke Genki(法華験記), is an 11th century Japanese collection of Buddhist tales and folklore (setsuwa). It was compiled by the monk Chingen(鎮源) from 1040 to 1043, and consists of three volumes with 129 chapters, two of which are missing. The collection is intended to promote the Lotus Sutra with tales of miraculous events linked to the sutra.

## Origin

In the introduction to the book, Chingen referred to a now-lost collection of tales by the Chinese monk Yiji (義寂) titled Fahua yanji (法華験記), which may be the inspiration for this collection. Some scholars suggest that text referred to may be by a Korean monk with the same name in Chinese Ŭijŏk (義寂), although Chingen may have consulted both the Chinese and Korean collections. The tales he collected, however, are Japanese only, which Chingen noted in the preface are meant for ordinary people rather than priests and scholars. Hokke Genki incorporates stories and biographies from other works, such as Nihon Ōjō Gokuraku-ki (日本徃生極樂記), Sanbō Ekotoba (三宝絵詞) and Nihon Ryōiki, but also include tales not found in earlier works.

## Content

Chingen organised his tales roughly chronologically from the time of Prince Shōtoku in chapters that are based on the seven groups of the Buddhist order; these are bodhisattvas, monks, male novices, nuns, laymen and laywomen, and animals and other non-human entities.
The collection contains setsuwa tales or biographical stories of advocates and devotees (jikyōsha, 持経者) of the Lotus Sutra, many of them from the Heian period. Most of them (over 90 out of 127) feature in some way Buddhist ascetics or Hijiri (聖, holy men) who lived in the mountains. 31 of the tales involve laymen and warriors. In this collection, the worship of Japanese gods and Buddha is given in syncretic manner, and some Japanese deities appear as bodhisattvas.
There are two general categories of setsuwa. The first describes the activities of the devotees and their observances of the precepts of the Lotus Sutra. The second involves miraculous tales that illustrate the power of the Lotus Sutra. A notable example of folktales in this collection is the first appearance of the story of Anchin and Kiyohime, although neither were specifically named in the story. The collection of tales is intended to promote the Lotus Sutra, emphasising stories of people as well as animals and supernatural beings who had experienced miracles in relation to the Lotus Sutra, suggesting that believers can benefit by copying, reciting and their devotion to the sutra.

## Translation

The collection has been translated into English by Yoshiko K. Dykstra and published as Miraculous Tales of the Lotus Sutra from Ancient Japan: The Dainihonkoku Hokekyokenki of Priest Chingen.
# Deck Dorval

Deck Dorval is a pseudonym used by three Belgian authors collaborating on detective novels written in Esperanto. The authors included Frans van Dooren [eo], Jef Beeckmans, and Jos Deckkers.
In their writing partnership, Van Dooren wrote, Jos Deckkers criticized and Jef Beeckmans corrected grammar and language. Their forty-year friendship was based on their mutual interests in Esperanto, philosophy, and literature.
After the deaths of Beeckmans (1975) and Deckkers (1979), their heirs gave van Dooren the right to finish works that the group had already been begun.
According to the Concise Encyclopedia of the Original Literature of Esperanto, four of Deck Dorval's novels were "reworked" by Christian René Arthur Declerk.

## Works

* Jahto veturas for ... kaj veturigas la morton
# Cry of Asencio

The Cry of Asencio (Spanish: Grito de Asencio) or Admirable alarm (Spanish: Admirable alarma) was an 1811 pronunciamiento that took place at the Banda Oriental (modern Uruguay) against the Spanish rule in Montevideo. Made in support of Buenos Aires, which had already ousted the viceroy and established a local government during the May Revolution, it is considered the beginning of the Oriental revolution.

## History
### Antecedents

Montevideo and Buenos Aires were part of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, a Spanish colony in South America. The Peninsular War in Spain generated a political crisis at the Spanish colonies, as the king Ferdinand VII of Spain was captured by the Napoleonic forces. Buenos Aires, the capital of the viceroyalty, ousted the viceroy Baltasar Hidalgo de Cisneros in 1810 during the May Revolution, and established a local government, the Primera Junta. Montevideo did not accept the authority of the new Junta, and acknowledged the Cortes of Cádiz as the legitimate Spanish authority. As a result of Buenos Aires's rebellion, Montevideo was appointed the new capital of the Viceroyalty, and governor Francisco Javier de Elío was promoted to viceroy.
The villages near Montevideo supported Elío, while the villages linked to Buenos Aires supported the Junta. Elío declared war to Buenos Aires on February 12, 1811. He arranged many new taxes to support the war effort, which harmed the local economy, already weakened by the Peninsular War.

### The conflict

Many criollo military enlisted in the Spanish forces defected from them and joined the resistance against Montevideo. This is the case of José Gervasio Artigas, who defected from Colonia del Sacramento on February 15, asking Buenos Aires support for their rebellion. The rebellion took place on February 28, and it was headed by Venancio Benavídez and Pedro Viera, following instructions from Artigas. Nearly a hundred men met next to the Asencio stream, and rejected the authority of Elío. the villages of San Carlos, Minas, Maldonado, Durazno, Canelones and Pantanoso soon joined the pronouncing against the Spanish rule.
They captured the village of Mercedes in the morning, and Viera captured Santo Domingo de Soriano in the afternoon, the same day. Artigas joined the fight shortly afterwards. Rosario and San José de Mayo would be captured in April, followed by the first victory in an open military conflict against the Royalists in the battle of San José.

## Legacy

The Cry of Asencio is considered the initial step of the Uruguayan theater of the Spanish American wars of independence. The Uruguay bicentennial was held on February 28, 2011.
# Interviews with My Lai Veterans

Interviews with My Lai Veterans is a 1970 American short documentary film directed by Joseph Strick featuring firsthand accounts of the My Lai Massacre. It won an Oscar at the 43rd Academy Awards in 1971 for Best Documentary (Short Subject). The Academy Film Archive preserved Interviews with My Lai Veterans in 2002.

## Cast

* Richard Hammer as himself, interviewer (voice)
# Jenna Clause

Jenna Clause is a First Nations (Cayuga) Canadian actress known for playing Martha Blackburn on the American drama The Wilds.
Clause was born in Buffalo, New York and raised in Southern Ontario. She is a Cayuga Nation Wolf Clan Member of the Haudenosaune people from Six Nations of the Grand River near Brantford, Ontario. Growing up she took acting classes in School of Dramatic Arts and Imagination Drama School in Niagara Falls. Clause also played lacrosse.
Clause appeared in smaller films You're It and The Furies Inside Me before being cast as Ojibwe character Martha Blackburn on The Wilds. In an interview with The Advocate, Clause discussed acting on a show that featured Indigenous characters and representing a culture other than her own stating: "it was so important to me that I got every little bit correct." Her character's feature episode was directed by Navajo filmmaker Sydney Freeland.
# Vikingarna (speedway)

Vikingarna (lit. 'the Vikings') are a Swedish motorcycle speedway team based at the Örebro Motorstadion, 9 km west of Örebro, near Örebro Airport in Sweden.

## History
### 1950 to 1954

The beginning of competitive league speedway in Örebro can be traced back to the 1950 Swedish speedway season. A club called Vikingarna racing at the Örebro Motorstadion in Adolfsberg finished last out of four teams in the second division. However, the following season in 1951, was much improved to the degree that the team actually won the six team division.
The team competed in the highest tier for the first time during the 1952 Swedish speedway season (called division 1 at the time) but struggled in the division and were eventually relegated. A young Göte Nordin rode for the club from 1952 to 1954 and he helped them win division 2 again in 1953. They returned to division 1 again for the 1954 Swedish speedway season but once again finished last. Swedish league participation suffered during the following years and Vikingarna were just one of several teams that failed to enter a team.

### 1961 to 1981

The team returned for the 1961 Swedish speedway season but once again dropped out afterwards, missing the 1962 to 1966 seasons. They were one of several teams that returned in 1967 for the newly created four division league system, they were placed in division 3 west. A some stage during the latter part of the 1960s, the team moved from the Adolfsberg Motorstadion to a track at the Trängens IP.
During the 1970s, they twice won division 3 in 1970 and 1977. In between (in 1975), work started on a new Örebro Motorstadion, also known as the Täby Motorstadion (the current venue); the site would offer speedway, motocross and karting. The name Täby relates to the nearby village parish and not the city.

### 1982 to 1986

The club remained in the third tier, which became known as the Division 2 because of the introduction of the Elitserien in 1982. Two years later in 1984, they won division 2 but Örebro found itself without speedway once again from 1987 to 1988.

### 1989 to 2001

Racing returned to Örebro in the 1989, with the team taking the city's name Örebro. However, in 1991, they were renamed Buddys and this was followed by another name change in 1994, to Team Viking. In 1994, Team Viking won division 2, a feat they emulated in 1998, despite finishing last in 1996.

### 2002 to present

During the 2002 Swedish speedway season, the team reverted to their traditional name Vikingarna and won division 1 east (which was now the third tier). Riding for them that season was Freddie Lindgren and Robert Eriksson.
As of 2023 the team continued to ride in the third tier (division 1).

## 2023 team

* Ludvig Lindgren
* Eric Persson
* Benny Johansson
* Sebastian Glimfjäll Johansson
* Adrian George
* Patrick Hamburg

## Notable riders

* Freddie Lindgren
* Göte Nordin
# Wei Jin

Wei Jin (born October 1959) is a general in the People's Liberation Army of China. He holds the rank of major general in the PLA. He began his political career in January 1977, and joined the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in September 1978. As of April 2014 he was under investigation by the PLA's anti-corruption agency. Previously he served as Deputy Political Commissar of Tibet Military District.

## Life and career

Wei was born and raised in Linfen, Shanxi. He entered People's Liberation Army Second Artillery Engineering University in August 1978, and graduated in July 1982. And he was accepted to PLA National Defence University in August 1987. He worked in Chengdu Military Region and over a period of 15 years worked his way up to the position of Deputy Head of Publicity Section of Special Branch. He became Political Commissar of Suining Military District in August 2007, at the same time as holding the post of a Standing Committee of CCP Suining Committee between March 2009 to November 2011. Then he was promoted to become Deputy Political Commissar of Tibet Military District, a position he held until March 2014, while he was placed under investigation by the PLA's anti-corruption agency.
# Love146

Love146 is a U.S.-based 501(c)(3) non-profit international anti-child trafficking organization.

## History

Love146 was founded in 2002, when the group's co-founders, Rob Morris, Lamont Hiebert, Desirea Rodgers, and Caroline Hahm, went on an exploratory trip to Southeast Asia to see how they could help combat child trafficking. According to Love146, as part of an undercover operation, investigators took several co-founders into a brothel where they witnessed young girls being sold for sex. The girls were given identification numbers pinned to their dresses. One girl in particular stood out. Morris explained that she stared in their direction with a piercing gaze. Her number was 146. The co-founders returned to the US and began Love146. The vision of Love146 is "the end of child trafficking and exploitation – nothing less."
Prior to the establishing of Love146, co-founder and president, Rob Morris, worked with Mercy Ships International. Morris has lectured and taught in over 30 countries on issues of justice, compassion, and human rights, and has been featured in the Huffington Post, Fox News, the CNN Freedom Project, and other outlets.
Love146 became an official public charity in March 2004, under the name Justice for Children International. In 2007, the group changed their name to Love146.
Love146 was named an "Agent of Change" by GQ magazine, and earned a Myspace Impact Award for social justice. Baume & Mercier sent Pulitzer Prize winning photojournalist Carolyn Cole to Southeast Asia to take photos in support of Love146. In 2008, Baume & Mercier hosted an exhibition of her photos in New York City titled "Into the Light".
Heather Fischer, former US government special advisor to the State Department's Trafficking in Persons Office and first special advisor for human trafficking at the White House, started her human rights career at Love146.
28 states have utilized the curriculum of the organization as of 2022. That year, the organization celebrated its 20th anniversary with a "cutting of the ribbon".
# Spencer baronets

There have been three baronetcies, all in the Baronetage of England, created for members of the Spencer family, both for descendants of two younger sons of Sir John Spencer (1524–1586) of Althorp, Northamptonshire.
The Baronetcy of Spencer of Yarnton was created on 29 June 1611 in the Baronetage of England for Thomas Spencer, Member of Parliament for Woodstock 1604–11, son of Sir William Spencer of Yarnton, Oxfordshire, the third son of Sir John Spencer, Kt. of Althorp. The third Baronet also represented Woodstock 1660–1679. The baronetcy was extinct on the death of the seventh Baronet as a minor in 1741.
The Baronetcy of Spencer of Offley was created on 14 March 1627 for John Spencer of Offley Place, Great Offley, Hertfordshire, the son of Sir Richard Spencer, the fourth son of Sir John Spencer, Kt. of Althorp. His sister Alice, who married Sir John Jennings of Sandridge, had 22 children, and was the grandmother of Sarah, 1st Duchess of Marlborough and of her cousin and political rival Abigail Masham. He died without male issue in 1633 and the Baronetcy was extinct, but was recreated on 26 September 1642 for his brother and heir Brocket Spencer. The fourth Baronet was member of parliament for Hertfordshire 1705–08. On his death the Baronetcy was extinct. His estate was inherited by his four daughters, and ultimately by his great-granddaughter who married Sir Thomas Salusbury

## Spencer of Yarnton (1611)

* Sir Thomas Spencer, 1st Baronet (1585–1622)
* Sir William Spencer, 2nd Baronet (1608–1647)
* Sir Thomas Spencer, 3rd Baronet (1639–1685)
* Sir Thomas Spencer, 4th Baronet (died 1722)
* Sir Henry Spencer, 5th Baronet (died 1726)
* Sir William Spencer, 6th Baronet (died 1735)
* Sir Charles Spencer, 7th Baronet (died 1741) Extinct on his death

## Spencer of Offley (1627) First creation

* Sir John Spencer, 1st Baronet (died 1633)

## Spencer of Offley (1642) Second creation

* Sir Brocket Spencer, 1st Baronet (1605–1668)
* Sir Richard Spencer, 2nd Baronet (1647–1688)
* Sir John Spencer, 3rd Baronet (1678–1699)
* Sir John Spencer, 4th Baronet (1650–1712) Extinct on his death
# Paulette (tax)

La Paulette (French pronunciation:; after the financier Charles Paulet, who proposed it) was the name commonly given to the "annual right" (droit annuel), a special tax levied by the French Crown under the Ancien Régime. It was first instituted on December 12, 1604 by King Henry IV's minister Maximilien de Béthune, duc de Sully.
The paulette was a tax on the holders of various government and judicial offices, paid to the Crown, and initially set at an annual payment of one-sixtieth of the value of each office. Paying the paulette secured the right of the officeholder to transfer his office at will.
The transmission of judicial offices had been a common practice in France since the late Middle Ages. By the beginning of the sixteenth century the practice had extended to almost all levels of the ever-increasing Renaissance state administration (such as seats in the Parlements), and played an important role in state finances. Custom had permitted an officer to transfer his office to his heir (résignation) with royal permission in return for the payment of a fee. Before it was made illegal in 1521, it had been possible to leave open-ended the date that the transfer was to take effect. In 1534, the "forty days rule" was instituted (adapted from church practice), which made the successor's right void if the preceding office holder died within forty days of the transfer (in which case the office reverted to the state); however, a new fee, called the survivance jouissante, protected against the forty days rule. Still, the new office holder had to meet the minimum qualifications needed for the office or else the office went back to the crown. The paulette was a modification of this rule, which substituted an annual tax as protection against the "forty days rule".
The paulette provided the Crown with a steady source of revenue while consolidating the practice of hereditary government offices. This left the administration of justice in France in the hands of a new and increasingly powerful hereditary class of magistrates, which came to be known as the noblesse de robe ("nobility of the gown"), in contrast with the traditional aristocracy, known as the noblesse d'épée ("nobility of the sword", whose position derived from feudal military service). This system was abolished after the French Revolution.
While the paulette provided revenue for the Crown, the salaries of government officials stressed the royal funds and forced the Crown to tax the lower classes heavily. During the rule of Louis XIV, his minister of finance Jean Baptiste Colbert expanded the creation and sale of offices to raise money without new taxation.
# Ilias Tsirimokos

Ilias Tsirimokos (Greek: Ηλίας Τσιριμώκος, 26 April 1907 – 13 July 1968) was a Greek politician who served as Prime Minister of Greece for a very brief period (from 20 August 1965 to 17 September 1965).

## Life

He was born in Lamia in 1907. His father, Ioannis Tsirimokos, was also of a political background. Tsirimokos got involved in politics from a young age and was first elected to parliament in 1936 on the Liberal Party's ticket. During the Axis Occupation of Greece, he co-founded a small leftist party, the Union of People's Democracy (ELD). He served as its general secretary, while the distinguished law professor Alexandros Svolos served as its president. In 1941, ELD joined the National Liberation Front (EAM), and Tsirimokos gained a seat in EAM's central committee. In 1944, Tsirimokos was appointed as Secretary for Justice in the EAM-controlled Political Committee of National Liberation. However he resigned from that position on 2 December 1944 alongside 3 other left-wing cabinet members after pressure from the British Government.
In the 1950 elections, after the Greek Civil War, Tsirimokos was elected again into parliament, for Athens, on behalf of the renamed Socialist Party-Union of People's Democracy (SK-ELD). He was re-elected in the 1958 elections for the United Democratic Left, and again in 1961, 1963 and 1964 for the Center Union. In 1963, he was elected as Speaker of the Parliament. During the period of the "Apostasia" in the summer of 1965, Tsirimokos was chosen by King Constantine II to form a government. He failed to gain a vote of confidence, and was succeeded by Stefanos Stefanopoulos, in whose government he retained ministerial posts.
He died in Athens on 13 July 1968 at the age of 61.