OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# A Dominant Character

A Dominant Character: The Radical Science and Restless Politics of J. B. S. Haldane is a biography of J. B. S. Haldane, British-Indian geneticist, communist and writer; written by Samanth Subramanian and published by Simon and Schuster in 2019.

## Publication

A Dominant Character is a biography of J. B. S. Haldane who was a British-Indian geneticist, scientist, innovator, author, writer and communist philosopher. The book was published on 10 December 2019 by Simon & Schuster UK and has 384 pages.

## Summary

J.B.S. Haldane was a scientist who was born in Britain yet was spiritually inclined towards India. He saw action in the two World Wars, was engaged in the most radical politics of his day, conducted scientific research, and wrote with flair and conviction. The book describes his intellect, vision of society, philosophy, and scientific progress. In the latter part, the book mentions his journey to India and within India, from Kolkata to Bhubaneswar.

## Reception

Jacob Koshy, in The Hindu, wrote that the work is an "exquisite literary expedition" into J.B.S.’ boyhood, his family history, his schooling. Koshy wrote that many facts of Haldane's life are well documented in the book and concluded that Subramanian gave compelling context.
Shobhit Mahajan wrote that the book is a "comprehensive account" of Haldane's life in a review for Outlook magazine. He noted that the biography grapples well with a great life and found the book well-researched, with extensive use of Haldane's diaries and private letters. He praised the author's "lucid writing" and described the book as a "page-turner" with brilliant asides. He further wrote that the book does a decent job of explaining complicated scientific work in simpler terms, but points out that the author leaves out some details of the work done by Haldane.
Vineetha Mokkil, writing for The Hindu Businessline, praised the work and called it a "major contribution in modern intellectual history as well as an insightful and moving biography". She wrote that the author did a "fine job" in bringing Haldane to life.
In a review for The Wire, T. N. Avinash also wrote that author did "admirable job" describing Haldane's life and how political scenarios formed his worldview. However, he criticised the omission of some of the scientific responses to Haldane's work, such as Ernst Mayr’s critique of ‘beanbag genetics’. R. Prasannan, writing for The Week Magazine, called the work an "honest biography", but noted that there are few details about Bhubaneswar, a city where Haldane settled in later life. He also lamented the lack of an index.
Firstpost listed it in the Books of Week on 11 January 2020.
The book has been selected as one of the 100 Notable Books of 2020 by The New York Times.
# Phil Price (sculptor)

Phil Price (born 1965) is a New Zealand artist best known for his large-scale kinetic sculptures. Price's work incorporates engineering and design in works inspired by the natural world.
Price received a BFA degree in sculpture from the University of Canterbury School of Fine Arts.

## Public sculptures

* Liberace (2019). Permanently installed on Waiheke Island, New Zealand.
* Ipomoea (2019). Temporarily installed during the Sculpture by the Sea festival. Cottesloe Beach, Perth, Australia.
* Snake (2013). Temporarily installed during the Sculpture by the Sea festival in Bondi, Sydney, Australia. Acquired by the City of Aarhus, where it is currently installed in the public square Mølleparken.
* Journeys (2012). Canberra, Australia. Permanently installed facing the Canberra Airport.
* Organism (2009). Wellington, New Zealand. Part of the Victoria University of Wellington permanent collection.
* Dinornis Maximus (2008). Canberra, Australia. Permanently installed on the median strip of Yarra Glen Drive, Woden.
* Knowledge (2006). Christchurch, New Zealand. Permanently installed outside the Upper Riccarton Library in Christchurch.
* Nucleus (2006). Christchurch, New Zealand. Permanently installed at the meeting point of High, Lichfield and Manchester streets.
* Zephyrometer (2004). Evans Bay, Wellington. The work was struck by lightning in 2014, resulting in significant damage. It was repaired and restored the following year.
* Flip (2010). Taupō, New Zealand. Permanent commission by the Taupo Sculpture Trust.
* Protoplasm (2002). Wellington, New Zealand.
* Wiggly Wagon and other sculptures (2003), Queen Mary Hospital, Hanmer Springs. Removed in 2005.
* Cytoplasm. Auckland.
* Tree of Life. (2013). McClelland Sculpture Park, Langwarrin, Victoria, Australia.
* Ratytus. McClelland Sculpture Park, Langwarrin, Victoria, Australia.
* Big Snake (2020). Constitution Square, Canberra.

## Permanent collections

* Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa.
* Victoria University of Wellington.

## Gallery

* Phil Price sculptures
* Cytoplasm, Auckland, New Zealand.
* Dinornis Maximus, Woden, Canberra
* Big Snake, Canberra
* United Divided, Palmerston North
# Lomnice (Brno-Country District)

Lomnice is a market town in Brno-Country District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,500 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected by law as an urban monument zone.

## Administrative division

Lomnice consists of four municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
* Lomnice (1,243)
* Brusná (74)
* Řepka (60)
* Veselí (48)

## Geography

Lomnice is located about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northwest of Brno. It lies in the Upper Svratka Highlands. The highest point is the hill Veselský chlum at 578 m (1,896 ft) above sea level. The built-up area lies above the Besének Stream, which flows across the municipal territory.

## History

The first written mention of Lomnice is from 1265 or 1281. A church consecrated to Saints John the Baptist and Vitus was mentioned here in 1407. In the 15th century, the settlement developed and in 1502, it was first referred to as a market town. Until 1570, Lomnice was ruled by the Lords of Lomnice.
Lomnice was inherited by the Zierotin family, who had rebuilt the Gothic castle from the 13th century into a Renaissance residence. In 1571, the Jewish population in Lomnice was first documented. After the manor changed hands several times in the following decades, it was bought by Count Gabriel Serényi in 1662. His son František Gabriel Serényi reorganized the economy, had completely rebuilt the castle in the Baroque style, had laid down a new planned urban concept, and had built a new large church and the town hall. The Serényi family owned Lomnice until the abolishment of manorialism. Properties of the Serényi family were confiscated in 1945.

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1869 | 2,143 | — |
| 1880 | 2,063 | −3.7% |
| 1890 | 1,947 | −5.6% |
| 1900 | 1,872 | −3.9% |
| 1910 | 1,869 | −0.2% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1921 | 1,651 | −11.7% |
| 1930 | 1,629 | −1.3% |
| 1950 | 1,465 | −10.1% |
| 1961 | 1,407 | −4.0% |
| 1970 | 1,305 | −7.2% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1980 | 1,241 | −4.9% |
| 1991 | 1,202 | −3.1% |
| 2001 | 1,243 | +3.4% |
| 2011 | 1,317 | +6.0% |
| 2021 | 1,425 | +8.2% |
Source: Censuses :

## Transport

There are no railways or major roads passing through the municipality.

## Sights

The Church of the Visitation of Our Lady was built in the early Baroque style in 1669–1683. It is an architectonically valuable example of the Baroque style in Moravia.
The town hall is the second landmark of the square. It was built between 1669 and 1680. It has an advanced prismatic tower. In the middle of the town square there is a Marian column from 1709.
The castle is inaccessible to the public. It is surrounded by a forest, which is protected as a nature monument. The forest contains a unique neo-Gothic gazebo from the 19th century.
The synagogue was built in 1792–1794. Today it serves cultural and educational purposes.

## Notable people

* Leo Eitinger (1912–1996), Norwegian psychiatrist and author
# Jonas Walton

Jonas Walton (born 6 March 2004) is a Canadian/American professional cyclist who rides for UCI Continental team Project Echelon Racing. In 2022, he broke the junior hour record. His father is Olympic silver medalist cyclist Brian Walton.

## Early life

Jonas Walton was a keen middle distance runner until injury forced him to pursue lower impact pursuits. He attended Belmont Abbey College in Belmont, North Carolina with a major in economics and a minor in Data Analytics.

## Career

Walton set a new the junior hour record with a distance of 50.792 km on 17 October 2022 in Aguascalientes, Mexico.
He rode on 2023 and 2024 on the Continental level with the Canadian Team Ecoflo Chronos. In 2024, he won the Canadian U23 time trial national championship and won pair of gold medals on the road at USA Cycling Collegiate nationals, winning both the Varsity criterium and individual time trial. He was part of the Canadian team that finished seventh in the Mixed team relay at the 2024 UCI Road World Championships. He was also selected for the U23 road race and U23 individual time trial.
Ahead of the 2025 season he signed to ride for UCI Continental team Project Echelon Racing.

## Personal life

His parents are Dana Gygory Walton, an eight time world champion at UCI Masters Track World Championships, and former Canadian road race champion and Olympic medalist Brian Walton. He has dual citizenship of the USA and Canada.

## Major results
### 2021

    1st Stage 1 (TTT) Vuelta Junior a la Ribera del Duer

### 2022

    3rd Time trial, American National Junior Road Championships
    9th Overall Tour de DMZ [fr]

### 2023

    3rd Time trial, Canadian National Under-23 Road Championships
    3rd Chrono des Nations Under-23

### 2024

    1st Time trial, Canadian National Under-23 Road Championships
    4th Overall Tour of the Gila
       1st Young rider classification
# Nakayama Zenji

Nakayama Zenji (中山 善司, January 16, 1959) is the fourth and current Shinbashira of Tenrikyo. He has held the office since October 25, 1998.
# Thomas Lane (VC)

Thomas Lane VC (May 1836 – 12 April 1889) was an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.
He was born in Cork, Ireland, in May 1836, and served throughout the Crimean War in the 47th Regiment of Foot.

## Military service

On 21 August 1860 at the Taku Forts, China, during the Second China War, Lane, then aged 24 and a private in the 67th (South Hampshire) Regiment of Foot (later The Royal Hampshire Regiment), British Army and a Lieutenant Nathaniel Burslem of his regiment were awarded the Victoria Cross:
   For distinguished gallantry in swimming the Ditches of the North Taku Fort, and persevering in attempting during the assault, and before the entrance of the Fort had been effected by any one, to enlarge an opening in the Wall, through which they eventually entered, and, in doing so, were both severely wounded.
He fought in the Anglo-Zulu War as a sergeant with the 3rd Natal Native Contingent. This unit was disbanded at Rorke's Drift after the siege, and the officers and non-commissioned officers formed three troops of the Natal Horse. He also fought in Landrey's Light Horse in Basutoland in 1881–1882. His VC gratuity was paid from the consulate in Boston, United States, and also in Auckland, New Zealand, during the 1870s.
Lane was one of eight men whose VCs were forfeited. He was stripped of the medal on 7 April 1881 after being convicted of desertion on active service and theft of a "horse, arms and accoutrements". However, King George V felt that no VC should be forfeited and although the present warrant retains the forfeiture clause, no award have been forfeited since the King's 1920 comments. The eight recipients who forfeited their awards have always been included on official War Office lists of VC holders but with a note at the end of the alphabetical list of recipients prior to the First World War stating the names and dates of the warrants that cancelled their awards.
The British Government insisted on the return of his medal from the South African authorities. However, Lane had entrusted his VC to a friend, so the South Africans made a copy and sent that to the War Office. His original medal was found in a pawnshop in 1909. Both are now in the possession of The Royal Hampshire Regiment Museum & Memorial Garden in Winchester, Hampshire, England.
He died in Kimberley, South Africa on 12 April 1889 as a member of the Kimberley Police.
# John Ryan (VC 1863)

John Ryan VC (1839 – 29 December 1863) was a British Army soldier and an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

## Early life

Ryan was born in Borrisoleigh, County Tipperary in 1839.

## Victoria Cross

Ryan was about 24 years old, and a lance corporal in the 65th Regiment of Foot (later the 1st Battalion, York and Lancaster Regiment), during the Invasion of Waikato (one of the campaigns in the New Zealand Wars), when the following deed took place on 7 September 1863, for which he was awarded the VC.
   For gallant conduct at the engagement near Cameron-town above referred to. This Non-Commissioned Officer, with Privates Bulford and Talbot, of the same Regiment, who have been recommended for the Medal for distinguished conduct in the Field, for their behaviour on the same occasion, removed the body of the late Captain Swift from the Field of Action, after he had been mortally wounded, and remained with it all night in a bush surrounded by the enemy.
Ryan died at Tuakau, New Zealand, on 29 December 1863, before he received the medal. He drowned while trying to save a drunken comrade in the Waikato River.

## The medal

His Victoria Cross is displayed at The York & Lancaster Regiment Museum (Rotherham, South Yorkshire, England).
# Installer.app

Installer.app was a freeware software installer for the iPhone created by Nullriver and later maintained by RipDev, first released in summer 2007 and maintained until summer 2009. Installer allowed users to install third-party applications into the iPhone's Applications directory where native applications are kept. Users could install applications from a variety of sources (over Wi-Fi or UMTS) provided by software developers or directly onto the iPhone without requiring a computer. Users could browse lists of applications inside Installer to find ones they wanted to install. In June 2009, RipDev dropped support for Installer in favor of developing a different package manager and installer named Icy.

## Releases
### iPhone OS 2

When the 2.0 firmware was released, framework changes were present. All of the applications compiled for iPhone OS 1.2 and below were no longer able to run on 2.0. Therefore, Installer 3 wasn't available for 2.0 and the vast majority of users switched to Cydia. At that time, RiPDev (Russian iPhone Development) took over the Installer project and started developing Installer 4.0. When Installer 4.0 was finished, it was added to the QuickPwn software as a payload. Installer 4.0 did not gain as much popularity as Installer 3.0 because most of the jailbreak users had become accustomed to using Cydia.

### iOS 4 and 5

In May 2011, a team of developers called Infini-Dev recreated Installer 4 so that it could be run on iOS 4 and above, although the main current repositories are only compatible with Cydia and no longer compatible with Installer. RiPDev has put their old Installer repo back online since Infini-Dev released Installer, and there are also some other repos like Greek-iPhone who offer up to date packages for Installer.

### Installer 5

In 2014, Slava Karpenko announced a project to work on Installer 5. Later, Karpenko revealed to Infini-Dev that he had dropped the project. Infini-Dev took over after a while and moved the project under the AppTapp Team name. A public beta was released on July 3, 2019, and it officially launched on January 15, 2020.
# NFL GameDay (video game)

NFL GameDay is the first video game in the NFL GameDay series of American football video games, and was released in 1995 on the PlayStation video game console as a competitor to the Madden NFL football game series. It was developed by Sony Interactive Studios America and published by Sony Computer Entertainment.
The cover athlete is William Floyd.

## Gameplay

The game makes use of motion capture for its animations.

## Reception

Review scores :
| Publication | Score |
| Electronic Gaming Monthly | 9/10 |
| GameFan | 195/200 |
| Next Generation | |
| Maximum | |
The game was a success for Sony, selling over 300,000 copies by March 1996 and briefly holding the record for best-selling PlayStation game in the United States until it was overtaken by Resident Evil later that year. By the end of 1996, GameDay had sold over 1 million units worldwide.
It was also a critical success. Both of the sports reviewers for Electronic Gaming Monthly gave the game a 9 out of 10, saying it "could very well be the Madden killer that everyone is waiting for." Scary Larry of GamePro called it "the best football CD to date", citing the graphics, accurate gameplay performance of each individual player, appropriately sized sprites, and comprehensive sound effects. A reviewer for Next Generation found that in addition to the comprehensive teams, stadiums, and playbooks, NFL Gameday benefited from truly modern graphics, animation, and sounds, as well as an innovative level of control over individual players and an AI which creates an authentic football experience. He criticized the unrealistic results of breaking up a pass, but concluded, "NFL Gameday isn't the perfect football game, but it is the best football game ever made, so far." David Hodgson of Maximum remarked that the graphics suffer from jerky animation and a general last-generation appearance, but are outweighed by the outstanding gameplay and reliable player AI. He summarized that the game "plays quite a mean game of American football without ever becoming bogged down in horrific amounts of tactical decisions."
GamePro awarded it Best Sports Game of 1995. Next Generation ranked it number 28 on their 1996 "Top 100 Games of All Time", citing its authentic football gameplay and looks, and its combination of accessibility and depth. It was a finalist for the Computer Game Developers Conference's 1996 "Best Sports Game" Spotlight Award, but lost the prize to NHL 97.
In 1998, Next Generation listed NFL GameDay as number 43 on their "Top 50 Games of All Time", commenting that, "Truly, this is the football game that appeals to both the hardcore and the masses."

## Reviews

* Electric Playground - November 3, 1995
* Game Players - January 1996
* Video Games & Computer Entertainment - February 1996
* IGN - Nov 25, 1996
* Game Revolution - June 4, 2004
# Albert Bousser

Albert Bousser (8 February 1906 – 2 May 1995) was a Luxembourgish politician, railway inspector, and trade unionist.
Born on 8 February 1906 in Alzingen, Bousser studied in Paris at the École du génie civil, after which he became a railway inspector for Chemins de Fer Luxembourgeois, in which capacity he worked until 1969. He worked for the railway workers' union, first as Secretary (1945–1954) and later as President (1954–1964).
Bousser first entered the Chamber of Deputies in 1946, as he would remain until 1964, when he became a government minister, as Minister for Transport and Minister for Public Works (1964–1969). He briefly sat on the communal council of Luxembourg City (1950–1951), before moving to Howald, in Hesperange and serving as Mayor of Hesperange. During this time, he was President of the LSAP from 1952 to 1954.
He was instrumental, in 1971, to forming the Social Democratic Party. He was elected to the Chamber of Deputies again in the 1974 election, in which he sat until 1979.
Political offices :
| Preceded byRobert Schaffner | Minister for Public Works 1964–1969 | Succeeded byJean-Pierre Büchler |
| Preceded byPierre Grégoire | Minister for Transport 1964–1969 | Succeeded byMarcel Mart |
| Party political offices |||
| Preceded byPaul Wilwertz | President of the LSAP 1952–1954 | Succeeded byÉmile Ludwig |
# Breiter Graben

Breiter Graben (Upper Sorbian: Šěroka hrjebja) is a canal in Landkreis Görlitz, Saxony, Germany. It is also known as Flutgraben (Přiliwowa hrjebja) and runs between the north-western edge of the lignite open-cast mine Nochten and the village of Mulkwitz where it joins the river Struga, a tributary of the river Spree. On its course, it passes north of the village Mühlrose. Its acidic, iron-rich water, originating from an open-cast mine, heavily pollutes Struga river.
# Copa do Brasil de Futebol Feminino

The Copa do Brasil de Futebol Feminino (English: Brazilian Women's Football Cup) is a Brazilian Women's football competition organized by the Brazilian Football Confederation (CBF).
It was designed as an equivalent to the men's Copa do Brasil, with the first edition being played in 2007. Abolished in 2017, CBF announced the return of the competition on 17 January 2025, with 64 teams from the three national divisions.

## History

The competition was announced after FIFA president Sepp Blatter requested the creation of a professional women's football league in Brazil. Since Brazil had no national league until 2013, the winner of the 2008 to 2013 cups qualified for the Copa Libertadores Femenina.
CBF canceled the competition in 2017 to make the Campeonato Brasileiro de Futebol Feminino more balanced and attractive, but announced its return on 17 January 2025.

## Format

In 2007, the competition was contested by 32 teams, and was played from 30 October to 9 December of the same year. Copa do Brasil de Futebol Feminino's first stage was similar to the men's competition, thus being a knockout competition, played over two legs between clubs of the same region, and disputed in three rounds, but in the second stage the eight qualified clubs were divided in two groups of four teams each, playing against each other once, and held in a host city. The two best placed teams of each group qualified to the semifinals. The semifinal winners played the final while the losers played the third-place playoff. CBF determined that to be eligible to play in the competition it was necessary to be a minimum of 14 years old and a maximum of 34 years old, and half of the players of each club had to be aged between 14 and 18 years old.
In the past format, the competition was contested between the state champions, with states best-ranked in the CBF ranking receiving multiple entries, totalling 32 teams. For the 2025 edition, the competition will be contested by 64 teams: 16 from the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A1, 16 from the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A2, and 32 from the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A3.

## Referees

The Brazilian Football Confederation created a separated women's referee staff for the competition, not connected to the men's referee staff.
# George Emery Weller

George Emery Weller (August 24, 1857 – May 17, 1932) was a judge of the United States Customs Court and a member of the Board of General Appraisers.

## Education and career

Born on August 24, 1857, in Saint Paul, Minnesota, Weller received a Bachelor of Laws in 1889 from Columbia Law School. He entered private practice from 1889 to 1918 in New York City, New York.

## Federal Judicial Service

Weller was nominated by President Woodrow Wilson on December 3, 1918, to a seat on the Board of General Appraisers vacated by Samuel B. Cooper. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on January 3, 1919, and received his commission on January 6, 1919. Weller was reassigned by operation of law to the United States Customs Court on May 28, 1926, to a new Associate Justice seat (Judge seat from June 17, 1930) authorized by 44 Stat. 669. His service terminated on September 30, 1930, due to his retirement. He was succeeded by Judge David Hayes Kincheloe.

## Death

Hayes died on May 17, 1932, in Atlantic City, New Jersey.