OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kiyo A. Matsumoto

Kiyo A. Matsumoto (born August 29, 1955) is a senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York.

## Early life and education

Born in Raleigh, North Carolina, Matsumoto graduated from the University of California, Berkeley with her Bachelor of Arts degree in 1976 and later from the Georgetown University Law Center with a Juris Doctor in 1981.

## Career

Matsumoto was a private practice attorney in Seattle from 1981 to 1983 before joining the United States Attorney's Office as assistant United States attorney for the Eastern District of New York from 1983 to 2004. Matsumoto served as an adjunct professor of law at New York University School of Law from 1998 to 2004.

### Federal judicial service

From 2004 to 2008, Matsumoto served as a United States magistrate judge in the Eastern District of New York. In 2008, Matsumoto was nominated to the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of New York by President George W. Bush on March 11, 2008, to a seat vacated by Judge Edward R. Korman. Matsumoto was confirmed by the Senate on July 17, 2008, on a majority vote and received commission on July 22, 2008. She assumed senior status on July 23, 2022.
Born to second-generation Japanese American parents, Matsumoto became the second Asian Pacific American woman to serve as a federal district court judge.
Matsumoto presided over the Martin Shkreli securities fraud trial.
# Harry Sandlin Mattice Jr.

Harry Sandlin Mattice Jr. (born 1954) is a former United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee.

## Education and career

Born in Chattanooga, Tennessee, Mattice received a Bachelor of Science degree from the University of Tennessee in 1976 and a Juris Doctor from the University of Tennessee College of Law in 1981. He was in private practice in Tennessee from 1981 to 2001. He was a senior counsel to the United States Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs in 1997. He was the United States Attorney for the Eastern District of Tennessee from 2001 to 2005.

## Federal judicial service

On July 28, 2005, Mattice was nominated by President George W. Bush to a seat on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee vacated by Robert Allan Edgar. Mattice was confirmed by the United States Senate on October 24, 2005, and received his commission on November 18, 2005. On October 8, 2019, Mattice announced his intent to take senior status on March 10, 2020. He retired from active service on September 30, 2021.
# Thomas E. Johnston

Thomas Edward Johnston (born September 8, 1967) is an American lawyer who serves as a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of West Virginia.

## Education and career

Johnston was born in Charleston, West Virginia. He received a Bachelor of Arts degree from West Virginia University in 1989 and a Juris Doctor from West Virginia University College of Law in 1992. He was a law clerk for Judge Frederick Pfarr Stamp Jr. of the United States District Court for the Northern District of West Virginia from 1992 to 1994. He was in private practice in Wheeling, West Virginia, from 1994 to 2001. He was the United States attorney for the Northern District of West Virginia from 2001 to 2006.

### Federal judicial service

Johnston was nominated by President George W. Bush on September 28, 2005, to serve as a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of West Virginia. He was nominated to a seat vacated by Charles Harold Haden II. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on March 6, 2006, and received his commission on April 17, 2006. He became chief judge on September 5, 2017 and served a sever-year-teerm until September 5, 2024.
# Michael H. Watson

Michael Harrison Watson (born November 7, 1956) is a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Ohio.

## Education and career

Watson was born in Akron, Ohio. He received his Bachelor of Arts degree from Ohio State University in 1983 and his Juris Doctor from Capital University Law School in 1987. He was a member of the United States Air Force from 1975 to 1978 and was in the Ohio Air National Guard from 1978 to 1984. He rose to the rank of E5.
Watson was a bailiff/law clerk of the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas from 1983 to 1988. He was in private practice in Ohio from 1988 to 1991 and was chief legal counsel of the Ohio Department of Commerce from 1991 to 1992. He was a deputy chief legal counsel in the Office of the Governor of Ohio from 1992 to 1994 and was chief legal counsel from 1994 to 1995. Watson was a judge to the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas from 1996 to 2003. He was a judge to the Tenth District Ohio Court of Appeal from 2003 to 2004.

### Federal judicial service

President George W. Bush nominated Watson to the United States District Court for the Southern District of Ohio on April 6, 2004, to the seat vacated by Judge James L. Graham. He was confirmed by the Senate on September 7, 2004, he received his commission on September 10, 2004.
Since 2018, Watson has presided over the Ohio State University abuse scandal lawsuits, which has stalled in mediation for over 3 years and favored OSU defendants In September 2021, it was revealed that Judge Watson failed to disclose that his wife has a licensing agreement with the university to sell OSU flags; the judge offered to hear arguments requesting his recusal. Watson is also an adjunct faculty member at OSU, which would typically be a disqualification from presiding over his employer. The plaintiffs and Strauss survivors in these lawsuits are frustrated with the Judge and OSU. However, the Sixth Circuit later ruled that none of these grounds required Judge Watson's recusal. Ohio State appealed to the Supreme Court of the United States; the justices upheld the sixth circuit's ruling.
# Martin Wagenschein

Martin Wagenschein (3 December 1896, in Gießen, in Germany – 3 April 1988, in Trautheim) was a science educator who worked in mathematical and scientific didactics.
Wagenschein is best known for his promotion of open learning techniques. He emphasised the importance of teaching students to understand rather than simply learning knowledge for its own sake. As such he was one of precursors of modern teaching techniques such as constructivism, inquiry-based science, and inquiry learning.
His work is little known in the English speaking world and little of it has been translated. Despite this, he sets the foundation for modern open learning techniques, mirroring the work of English-speaking science educationists such as John Dewey.

## The Wagenschein Effect

Wagenschein discovered that even highly educated people, and even students of physics, could not provide a realistic or simple explanation for even the most basic physical phenomena, despite being well qualified to do so, or being able to do so only with the use of complicated equations or language that is difficult to understand. One example of this is students asked to explain why the moon's phases occurred in the order that they did; another is students who are unable to explain in simple easy-to-understand language how to describe the speed at which objects fall. This phenomenon became known as The Wagenschein Effect. This effect is most prominent when people are unable to understand what appears to be basic scientific knowledge, hedged in scientific or overly complicated language.

## Books and works

* Bildung durch Naturwissenschaft (1930)
* Naturwissenschaft und Bildung (1932/33)
* Zur erzieherischen Aufgabe des mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Unterrichts (1933/34)
* Physikalischer Unterricht und Intellektualismus (1935)
* Zusammenhänge der Naturkräfte (1937)
* Natur physikalisch gesehen (1953)
* Die Erde unter den Sternen (1955)
* Zum Begriff des Exemplarischen Lehrens (1956)
* Die Pädagogische Dimension der Physik (1962)
* Ursprüngliches Verstehen und exaktes Denken (2 Bände, 1965/67)
* Verstehen lehren. Genetisch - Sokratisch - Exemplarisch (1968)
* Rettet die Phänomene, mit Hugo Kükelhaus (1975)
* Kinder auf dem Wege zur Physik (1990)
* Naturphänomene sehen und verstehen (1995)
# Glyn Dillon

Glyn Dillon (born 1971) is a British costume designer, as well as a comics and film storyboard and concept artist, best known for his work on the Star Wars films The Force Awakens and Rogue One, designing the batsuit for Matt Reeves' 2022 The Batman ...as well as his 2012 graphic novel The Nao of Brown.

## Early life

Glyn is the youngest of 3 siblings. Glyn Dillon's father was a signwriter; his older brother Steve Dillon was also a comics artist. Julie Dillon Bleaden, the middle sibling works in childcare.

## Career

Dillon got his first job in comics at the age of 17, and worked in comics for seven years, drawing "Planet Swerve", a strip about "art students in space" written by Alan Martin, for Deadline, and work for DC Comics' Vertigo imprint, including the miniseries Egypt with writer Peter Milligan and Shade, the Changing Man with the same writer. He drew part of "The Kindly Ones" story arc in Neil Gaiman's The Sandman series.
In the mid-1990s he left comics and worked in film and television, primarily as a storyboard and concept artist, as well as a period directing music promos for Ridley Scott's RSA Films. He shared a studio in London with Jamie Hewlett, and did some work on Hewlett's Gorillaz music and animation project. In 2007 a gallery of his work appeared in the comic art magazine Swallow, and he began work on his graphic novel, The Nao of Brown. The story of a young woman with Primarily Obsessional OCD, it was published by SelfMadeHero in 2012 and won the Special Jury Prize at the Angoulême International Comics Festival in 2013. In 2013 he started working as a concept artist in the costume dept on Jupiter Ascending, he then went on to work, in the same capacity, on Kingsman: The Secret Service. He then became chief concept artist in the costume dept on Star Wars: The Force Awakens, for which, among other designs, he originated antagonist Kylo Ren's mask, before being promoted to co-costume designer, alongside Dave Crossman, on the Star Wars film Rogue One and Solo: A Star Wars Story.
# Henry Marchant

Henry Marchant (April 9, 1741 – August 30, 1796) was a Founding Father of the United States, an attorney general of Rhode Island, a delegate to the Second Continental Congress from Rhode Island, a signer of the Articles of Confederation, and the first United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Rhode Island.

## Education and career

Born on April 9, 1741, in Martha's Vineyard, Province of Massachusetts Bay, British America, Marchant received an Artium Magister degree in 1762 from the College of Philadelphia (now the University of Pennsylvania) and read law in 1776. He entered private practice in Newport from 1767 to 1777. He was attorney general of Rhode Island from 1771 to 1777. He was a delegate to the Second Continental Congress from 1777 to 1779. He was one of the signers of the Articles of Confederation. He resumed private practice in South Kingstown, Rhode Island, from 1780 to 1784, also engaging in farming. He was a member of the Rhode Island House of Representatives from 1784 to 1790. He was a member of the Rhode Island convention to adopt the United States Constitution, which ultimately was adopted by a separate convention in 1790.

## Federal judicial service

Marchant was nominated by President George Washington on July 2, 1790, to the United States District Court for the District of Rhode Island, to a new seat authorized by 1 Stat. 128. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on July 3, 1790, and received his commission the same day. His service terminated when he died on August 30, 1796, in Newport. He was interred in the Common Burial Ground in Newport.

### Notable case

Marchant presided over West v. Barnes (1791), which was the first case appealed to the Supreme Court of the United States.

## Church and farm

Marchant was a member of Second Congregational Church of Newport. His farm, the Henry Marchant Farm, is located in South Kingstown.

## Note

* ↑ FJC Bio indicates he read law in 1776, while his Congressional Biography indicates he was admitted to the bar in 1767.
# John Mendez

John Anthony Mendez (born September 4, 1955) is a senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of California.

## Early life and education

Mendez was born in Oakland, California in 1955 and raised in San Leandro, California. He received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Stanford University in 1977. He then obtained a Juris Doctor from Harvard Law School in 1980, where he was a member of the Board of Student Advisers. An avid baseball fan, Mendez was once under consideration for the job of Major League Baseball commissioner.

## Career

Mendez worked in private practice in California from 1980 to 1984 and from 1986 to 1992. Between 1984 and 1986, he served as an Assistant United States Attorney for the Northern District of California. From 1992 to 1993, he was the United States Attorney for the Northern District of California. In 1993, Mendez again returned to private practice. Mendez served as a judge on the Sacramento County Superior Court for the State of California between 2001 and 2008.

## Federal judicial service

He was nominated by President George W. Bush on September 6, 2007, to a seat vacated by David F. Levi. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on April 10, 2008, and received his commission on April 17, 2008. He assumed senior status on April 17, 2022.
# Gray H. Miller

Gray Hampton Miller (born 1948) is a senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas.

## Education and career

Miller attended the United States Merchant Marine Academy from 1967 to 1969, but left without receiving a degree. He received a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1974 from the University of Houston and a Juris Doctor in 1978 from the University of Houston Law Center. He served as a police officer of the Houston Police Department from 1969 to 1978. Upon graduating from law school, he joined Houston's Fulbright & Jaworski law firm, where he later became partner in 1986. Miller remained at this law firm until his appointment to the district court.

### Federal judicial service

On January 25, 2006, Miller was nominated by President George W. Bush to be a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas, to the seat vacated by Judge Ewing Werlein Jr., who assumed senior status in 2006. He was confirmed unanimously by the Senate on April 25, 2006, and received his commission the same day. He assumed senior status on December 9, 2018.
In February 2019, Gray Miller ruled in National Coalition for Men v. Selective Service System that the male-only military draft in the United States is unconstitutional because it violates the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the US Constitution. That decision was reversed by the 5th Circuit Court of Appeals. A petition for review was then filed with the U.S. Supreme Court. However, the Court declined to consider it on the basis that the situation was under active review by Congress.
# Marcia Morales Howard

Marcia Morales Howard (born July 16, 1965) is the chief United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida.

## Education and career

Howard was born in Jacksonville, Florida. She received a Bachelor of Science degree in economics from Vanderbilt University in 1987 and her Juris Doctor with honors from the Fredric G. Levin College of Law at the University of Florida in 1990. At UF Law she was elected to the Order of the Coif and served as the Symposium Editor for the Florida Law Review. Howard was in private practice in Jacksonville from 1990 to 2003 as a civil litigator concentrating in labor and employment law, and was a member of the National Association of Railroad Trial Counsel. From 2003 to 2007, she served as a United States magistrate judge in the Middle District of Florida.

### Federal judicial service

On January 9, 2007 she was nominated by President George W. Bush to serve as a judge on the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida. Her nomination was confirmed by the United States Senate on February 15, 2007. She received her commission on February 20, 2007. She became the chief judge on November 3, 2024.
# John F. Walter

John F. Walter (born November 3, 1944) is a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Central District of California.

## Education and career

Walter was born in Buffalo, New York. He received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Loyola University of Los Angeles in 1966 and a Juris Doctor from Loyola University of Los Angeles School of Law in 1969. He was in private practice in California from 1969 to 1970, and again from 1972 to 2002. He was an Assistant United States Attorney for the Central District of California from 1970 to 1972.

### Federal judicial service

On January 23, 2002, Walter was nominated by President George W. Bush to a seat on the United States District Court for the Central District of California vacated by John Davies. Walter was confirmed by the United States Senate on April 25, 2002, and received his commission on May 1, 2002.
# J. Paul Oetken

James Paul Oetken (/ˈɛtkɪn/ EHT-kin; born October 1, 1965), known professionally as J. Paul Oetken, is a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. He is the first openly gay man to be confirmed as an Article III judge.

## Early life and education

Oetken was born on October 1, 1965, in Louisville, Kentucky. He was valedictorian and class president at Regis High School in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. He earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Iowa in 1988, and a Juris Doctor from Yale Law School in 1991. Oetken served as a law clerk for Judge Richard Cudahy of the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit from 1991 to 1992. Then, he clerked for Judge Louis F. Oberdorfer of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia from 1992 to 1993. Lastly, he clerked for Associate Justice Harry Blackmun of the United States Supreme Court from 1993 to 1994.

## Career

During the mid-1990s, Oetken worked as an associate with the law firm of Jenner & Block. In 1997, he joined the Office of Legal Counsel in the United States Department of Justice as an attorney-advisor, where he worked until becoming an associate counsel to the president of the United States in the office of the White House Counsel in 1999. He held that job until President Bill Clinton left office in 2001. From 2001 until 2003, Oetken worked as an associate at the law firm of Debevoise & Plimpton, including as counsel in 2003 and 2004. In 2004, Oetken joined Cablevision Systems Corporation as its associate general counsel, until 2011 when he left to join the federal bench.

### Federal judicial service

On January 26, 2011, President Barack Obama nominated Oetken to serve on the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York to replace Judge Denny Chin, who was elevated to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. New York Senator Charles Schumer recommended Oetken to the post. Schumer recommended Oetken a year after he recommended former Assistant United States Attorney Daniel S. Alter, also openly gay, whom the White House declined to nominate after concluding, because of statements that had been attributed to Alter, that his nomination was unlikely to survive the 60-vote threshold needed to overcome a filibuster in the Senate. Schumer stated that diversity was a consideration in his recommendations for federal judgeships, and that he was "shocked to learn" that no openly gay men had served on the federal bench. The Senate confirmed Oetken on July 18, 2011, by an 80–13 vote. He received his commission on July 20, 2011. At the time of his confirmation, Oetken was the second openly gay Article III judge in the country, after Deborah Batts, and the first openly gay male federal judge.

## Personal life

Oetken lives with his husband Makky Pratayot in Manhattan. They were married on September 6, 2014, at the Jane by Judge Alison J. Nathan.
Oetken officiated the wedding of lawyer and legal commentator David Lat.
# Millom Castle

Millom Castle is an ancient building at Millom in Cumbria. It is a Grade I listed building and scheduled ancient monument.

## History

A manor on the site was granted to Godard de Boyvill, owner of the Manor of Millom, in around 1134. The manor came into the Hudleston family's ownership in around 1240 when de Boyvill's granddaughter married into the Hudleston family. John Hudleston was given a licence to crenellate in 1335. The great tower dates from the 16th or perhaps 17th century.
The Hudlestones took an active part in England's regional warfare. In the Wars of the Roses, Sir John Hudlestone fought on the Yorkist side, being present at the Battle of Blore Heath in 1459, and also the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485. In 1460 Millom Castle was captured by Lancastrian forces. After the accession of Henry VII, Sir John and his son Henry secured a pardon and retained the estate. In the English Civil War of the 1600s, Sir William Hudlestone was a leading Royalist colonel in Cumberland and Lancashire. He was defeated by Parliamentarian forces, and Millom Castle damaged by cannon fire in 1644. Heavy fines exacted by victorious Parliament began the slide of the Hudlestons into debt.
By 1739 the castle walls were in dilapidated condition. In 1748, Elizabeth Huddleston sold the castle to Sir James Lowther of Whitehaven. The gatepiers were added in the 17th or 18th century. The great tower is now used as a farmhouse.
A 3D explorable scan of the castle that includes parts of the castle off limits to the public due to safety restrictions has been produced. The Millom & District Local History Society has written papers on the Castle and on an Archaeological Survey completed in 2024.

## Architecture

The stone building has ashlar dressings and slate roofs. The east side has a gatehouse and 17th-century steps. The west side has a pointed entrance. Various barns and outhouses have been attached to the north and west sides. It has the remains of a moat to the north and west.
# Nara Kollery

Narayanan Valiya Kollery was a sound recordist from Mahé in Kerala, India.

## Work

Kollery worked as a sound recordist and mixer in Paris, France and worked on the following films:
* 1985 – Asterix Versus Caesar – sound recordist
* 1983 – The Moon in the Gutter – sound mixer
* 1980 – Fantômas – sound mixer
* 1978 – The Spat – sound mixer
* 1977 – Why Not! – sound mixer
* 1976 – Néa – sound mixer
* 1976 – The Wing and the Thigh – sound mixer
* 1975 – Black Moon – sound recordist
* 1975 – Chobizenesse – sound mixer
* 1974 – My Little Loves – sound mixer
* 1973 – Don't Know Anything But I'll Tell All - sound re-recording mixer
He received a César Award for his work in the movie Black Moon.

## Personal life

He has a son named Christophe Valiya-Kollery, born in the 1960s.
Nara Kollery died in Paris on 9 December 2015.