OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# William H. Atwell

William Hawley Atwell (June 9, 1869 – December 22, 1961), frequently known as W. H. Atwell, was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas.

## Education and career

Born in Sparta, Wisconsin, Atwell received an Artium Baccalaureus degree and Bachelor of Science degree from Southwestern University in 1889, and a Bachelor of Laws from the University of Texas School of Law in 1891. He was in private practice in Dallas, Texas, from 1891 to 1898. He was the United States Attorney for the Northern District of Texas from 1898 to 1913, thereafter returning to private practice in Dallas until 1924. Attwell also ran for Governor of Texas in 1922 as a Republican, but lost in a landslide, only receiving 18% of the vote. Atwell also served as the first commissioner for the Dallas Zoo, a position he held from 1912 to 1914.

## Federal judicial service

On December 30, 1922, Atwell was nominated by President Warren G. Harding to a new seat on the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas created by 42 Stat. 837. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on January 9, 1923, and received his commission the same day. He served as Chief Judge from 1948 to 1954, assuming senior status on December 31, 1954. Atwell continued to serve in that capacity until his death on December 22, 1961.
# Charles B. Witmer

Charles B. Witmer (April 18, 1862 – April 7, 1925) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania.

## Education and career

Born in Northumberland County, Pennsylvania, Witmer obtained an Artium Baccalaureus degree from Central Pennsylvania Business School (now Central Penn College) in 1883. Subsequently, he pursued a legal career, gaining admission to the bar in 1887. Witmer served as the county solicitor for Northumberland County during two distinct periods, spanning from 1888 to 1891 and then again from 1894 to 1900. His legal expertise extended to the national stage when he assumed the role of Assistant Attorney General for the Spanish Treaty Claims Commission from 1902 to 1904. Following this, Witmer dedicated his skills as chief counsel for the Pennsylvania Dairy Food Commission from 1904 to 1905, and later as a special counsel to the Pennsylvania Auditor General's Department from 1905 to 1906. In 1906, he held the position of United States Marshal for the Middle District of Pennsylvania before assuming the role of United States Attorney for the same district from 1907 to 1911.

## Federal judicial service

On February 20, 1911, Witmer was nominated by President William Howard Taft to a seat on the United States District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania vacated by the impeachment and conviction of Judge Robert W. Archbald. Witmer was confirmed by the United States Senate on March 2, 1911, and received his commission the same day. Witmer served in that capacity until his death on April 7, 1925.
# William Alexander Cant

William Alexander Cant (December 23, 1863 – January 12, 1933) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Minnesota.

## Education and career

Cant was born in Westfield, Marquette County, Wisconsin, Cant received a Bachelor of Laws from the University of Michigan Law School in 1885. He was in private practice in Duluth, Minnesota from 1886 to 1895. He was a member of the Minnesota House of Representatives in 1895, and was city attorney of Duluth from 1895 to 1896. He was a Judge of the District Court of Minnesota from 1896 to 1923.

## Federal judicial service

Cant received a recess appointment from President Warren G. Harding on May 21, 1923, to a seat on the United States District Court for the District of Minnesota vacated by Judge Page Morris. He was nominated to the same position by President Calvin Coolidge on December 15, 1923. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on January 15, 1924, and received his commission the same day. His service terminated on January 12, 1933, due to his death.
# George Scott Register

George Scott Register (November 27, 1901 – March 18, 1972) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of North Dakota.

## Education and career

Born in Bismarck, North Dakota, Register received an Artium Baccalaureus degree from Jamestown College in 1923 and a Juris Doctor from the University of Michigan Law School in 1926. He was a special assistant state attorney general of North Dakota from 1928 to 1929, and then a state's attorney of Burleigh County, North Dakota from 1929 to 1953. He was in private practice in Bismarck from 1953 to 1955.

## Federal judicial service

On June 21, 1955, Register was nominated by President Dwight D. Eisenhower to a new seat on the United States District Court for the District of North Dakota created by 68 Stat. 8. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on July 22, 1955, and received his commission on July 27, 1955. He served as Chief Judge from 1955 to 1971, assuming senior status on December 22, 1971. Register served in that capacity until his death in Bismarck on March 18, 1972.
# William G. East

William G. East (April 25, 1908 – April 27, 1985) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Oregon.

## Education and career

Born on April 25, 1908, in Lecompton, Kansas, East received a Bachelor of Laws in 1931 from the University of Oregon School of Law and a Juris Doctor in 1932 from the same institution. He entered private practice in Eugene, Oregon from 1932 to 1942 and again from 1946 to 1949. He served in the United States Army Reserve as a captain from 1942 to 1946. He was city attorney for Eugene from 1946 to 1947. He was a Judge of the Oregon Circuit Court for the Second Judicial District from 1949 to 1955.

## Federal judicial service

East was nominated by President Dwight D. Eisenhower on May 2, 1955, to a seat on the United States District Court for the District of Oregon vacated by Judge James Alger Fee. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on June 7, 1955, and received his commission the next day. He assumed senior status due to a certified disability on April 10, 1967. His service terminated on April 27, 1985, due to his death.

### Notable cases

In 1960, East issued an injunction against a local water district in a racially charged case where the African-American residents of a Parkrose, Portland, Oregon, were discriminated against by the local water district.
In 1964, East made national headlines for ordering United States Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy to show why an Oregon lawyer should not be paid for defending a criminal defendant he had been ordered to defend by the federal court. In what Time magazine said was "may be the neatest constitutional argument of the year," East justified the expenditure under the Takings Clause of the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution.

### Notable clerk

From 1964 to 1965 future Oregon Attorney General Hardy Myers was a law clerk for East.

### Notable appellate cases

After assuming senior status, East often sat as a federal appeals court judge for the Ninth Circuit on three judge panels including the case Universal City Studios, Inc. v. Sony Corp. of America, 659 F.2d 963 (C.A.9) 1981.
# Richard Earl Robinson

Richard Earl Robinson (February 3, 1903 – January 28, 1991) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Nebraska.

## Education and career

Born in Omaha, Nebraska, Robinson received a Bachelor of Laws from Creighton University School of Law in 1927. He was in private practice in Omaha from 1927 to 1956.

## Federal judicial service

On June 21, 1956, Robinson was nominated by President Dwight D. Eisenhower to a seat on the United States District Court for the District of Nebraska vacated by Judge James A. Donohoe. Robinson was confirmed by the United States Senate on July 2, 1956, and received his commission the next day. He served as Chief Judge from 1957 to 1972. He assumed senior status on January 7, 1972. Robinson served in that capacity until his death on January 28, 1991.
# Thomas Blake Kennedy

Thomas Blake Kennedy (April 4, 1874 – May 21, 1957) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Wyoming.

## Education and career

Born in Commerce, Michigan, Kennedy received an Artium Baccalaureus degree from Franklin College (now Muskingum University) in New Athens, Ohio in 1895, a Bachelor of Laws from Syracuse University College of Law in 1897, and an Artium Magister degree from Franklin College in 1898. He was in private practice in Syracuse, New York from 1898 to 1901, and then in Cheyenne, Wyoming until 1921. He was a Referee in Bankruptcy for the United States District Court for the District of Wyoming from 1903 to 1913 and from 1919 to 1921.

## Federal judicial service

On October 17, 1921, Kennedy was nominated by President Warren G. Harding to a seat on the United States District Court for the District of Wyoming vacated by Judge John Alden Riner. Kennedy was confirmed by the United States Senate on October 25, 1921, and received his commission the same day. He assumed senior status on November 6, 1955, serving in that capacity until his death on May 21, 1957, in Cheyenne.
# Acid phosphatase

Acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2, systematic name phosphate-monoester phosphohydrolase (acid optimum)) is an enzyme that frees attached phosphoryl groups from other molecules during digestion. It can be further classified as a phosphomonoesterase. It is stored in lysosomes and functions when these fuse with endosomes, which are acidified while they function; therefore, it has an acid pH optimum. This enzyme is present in many animal and plant species.
Different forms of acid phosphatase are found in different organs, and their serum levels are used to evaluate the success of the surgical treatment of prostate cancer. In the past, they were also used to diagnose this type of cancer.
It is also used as a cytogenetic marker to distinguish the two different lineages of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) : B-ALL (a leukemia of B lymphocytes) is acid-phosphatase negative, T-ALL (originating instead from T Lymphocytes) is acid-phosphatase positive.
Acid phosphatase catalyzes the following reaction at an optimal acidic pH (below 7):
    a phosphate monoester + H$_2$O = an alcohol + phosphate
Phosphatase enzymes are also used by soil microorganisms to access organically bound phosphate nutrients. An assay on the rates of activity of these enzymes may be used to ascertain biological demand for phosphates in the soil.
Some plant roots, especially cluster roots, exude carboxylates that perform acid phosphatase activity, helping to mobilise phosphorus in nutrient-deficient soils.
Certain bacteria, such as Nocardia, can degrade this enzyme and utilize it as a carbon source.

## Bone acid phosphatase

Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase may be used as a biochemical marker of osteoclast function during the process of bone resorption.

## Genes

The following genes encode the polypeptide components for various acid phosphatase isoenzymes:
* ACP1
* ACP2
* ACPP (ACP3), prostatic acid phosphatase
* ACP5, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase
* ACP6
* ACPT, testicular acid phosphatase
* Tissue acid phosphatase, or lysosomal acid phosphatase
# Tri-State Warbird Museum

The Tri-State Warbird Museum is a private, not-for-profit aviation museum located in Batavia, Ohio, in Clermont County next to the Clermont County Airport.

## Overview

The focus of the museum is on World War II, therefore, all aircraft at the museum are from this time period. The goal of the museum is to preserve and operate these aircraft, as a result, all either are flyable or will be made flyable. The museum publishes a newsletter called "Taking Flight" approximately 1 or 2 times per year. Every June, a fundraising gala is held by the museum. A World War II period barracks exhibit is also on display at the museum.

## History

The museum was formed in 2003 by David O'Maley Sr. and opened to the public on 21 May 2005. O'Maley is a former CEO of Ohio National Life Insurance Company.
In 2006, a TBM Avenger aircraft operated by the museum taxied into a homebuilt plane at the 2006 Oshkosh fly in. A passenger in the homebuilt was killed. The NTSB investigation faulted the Avenger pilot.
In 2011, due to a large donation, a second hangar was built at the museum to provide additional space for aircraft.
The museum's P-40 was involved in an accident on 8 December 2011, shortly after being restored to flight status. The aircraft experienced an engine failure and had to be glided back to the airport from an altitude of 6,500 feet. Upon landing it overran the runway, went through a fence and came to rest on a nearby road.
Three World War II veterans received the French Legion of Honour at an event held at the museum on 12 February 2013.
The museum's B-25 performed part of the flyover for the final toast of the Doolittle Raiders at the National Museum of the United States Air Force on 9 November 2013.
The museum's P-40 won the World War II Grand Champion award at the EAA AirVenture Oshkosh airshow in 2016.
The museum's B-25 flew to Sardinia, Italy to take part in the filming of Catch-22 in 2018.

## Aircraft on display
### Airworthy

* Beechcraft TC-45H Expeditor 51-11529
* Boeing-Stearman N2S-3 75-7899
* Curtiss P-40M Kittyhawk 43-5813
* Eastern TBM-3E Avenger 53420
* Focke-Wulf Fw 190 F-8 583-661 – Replica
* North American AT-6D Texan 42-84779
* North American TB-25N Mitchell 45-8898
* North American P-51D Mustang 44-84410
* Piper J3C Cub 22743
* Piper L-4H Grasshopper 43-29332

### Under Restoration

* Goodyear FG-1D Corsair 92132

### Other Vehicles

* Link AN-T-18 Trainer 4936
* CJ-2A Jeep 204386
# Hoffman Elementary School

Hoffman Elementary School is a former elementary school in the Evanston neighborhood of Cincinnati, Ohio.
The building was designed by the architectural firm Samuel Hannaford and Sons. It was constructed in 1922. Around 2012, Cincinnati Public Schools planned to tear it down, but instead sold it at auction to a single individual, who donated it to the Christ Temple Baptist Church. In 2023, the church hoped to sell the building to a real estate developer who wanted to demolish the building and construct apartments on the site. The Cincinnati Preservation Association responded with an application to list the building as a Cincinnati Local Historic Landmark. The application was approved by the Historic Conservation Board in May 2023, but was subsequently denied by the Cincinnati City Council.
# Manuel de Góis

Manuel de Góis (1543–1597) was a Portuguese Jesuit philosopher and the director of the Commentarii Collegii Conimbricensis Societatis Iesu (Coimbra Jesuit College Commentaries), a series of eight volumes of commentaries on Aristotle published at Coimbra and Lisbon between 1592 and 1606.
Góis was born in Portel in 1543 to João Vagueiro and Maria Álvares. There are conflicting accounts of his education. He joined the Jesuits on 31 August 1560. By 1568, he was teaching the humanities at the University of Coimbra, where he met Luis de Molina. From 1574 to 1582, he taught philosophy. He died at Coimbra on 13 February 1597.
Góis's major philosophical works are the seven commentaries he contributed to the Commentarii Collegii Conimbricensis Societatis Iesu on Aristotle's Physics, Meteorology, Parva Naturalia, Ethics, On the Heavens, On the Soul and On Generation and Corruption. He also wrote an unpublished work, Utrum intellectus sit potentia nobilior voluntate, at Coimbra in 1582.
# Holley Graded School

Holley Graded School is a historic school building for African American students located at Lottsburg, Northumberland County, Virginia. It was built in stages between about 1914 and 1933, and is a one-story, cross-shaped plan building. It features four identical-sized classrooms, a central passage, two cloakrooms and a kitchen. It was used as a schoolhouse until 1959, and subsequently used as a combination museum and adult-education facility.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.
# Holston High School

Holston High School is a public secondary school located in Washington County, Virginia.

## History

Holston was established in 1964, due to the consolidation of Liberty Hall High School and Damascus High School.

## Athletics

The school mascot is the Cavalier and the school colors are red and black.
# Hominy School

The Hominy School, constructed in 1904, is 50 feet x 40 feet, and 20 feet high. The bell tower was removed in the 1940s, but replaced in 1980 with the original bell. It was the first and oldest school in Hominy.
# Sydney Salins

Sydney S. Salins is a New Testament scholar who teaches at the Karnataka Theological College, Mangalore, a seminary established in 1965 and affiliated to the nation's first university, the Senate of Serampore College (University).
Salins was a participant at the original exploratory committee on dialogue in 1997 conducted by the World Council of Churches

## Studies

Salins had his ministerial formation at the United Theological College, Bangalore, between 1970 and 1974, studying along with his companion John Sadananda for a Bachelor of Divinity (B. D.) awarded by the Senate of Serampore College (University) under the registrarship of J. T. Krogh. Again from 1980 to 1982, Salins studied along with another companion Surya Prakash for a postgraduate course specialising in the New Testament under J. G. F. Collison and K. James Carl and submitted a dissertation entitled A study of the use of the christological title, "Son of Man" in the writings up to 325 AD for which he was awarded a Master of Theology (M. Th.) degree by the university under the Registrarship of D. S. Satyaranjan.

## Teaching ministry

Soon after his graduate studies at the Protestant Regional Seminary in Bangalore, Salins began teaching at the Karnataka Theological College, Mangalore, from 1974 onwards and later availed study leave to equip himself with a postgraduate degree in New Testament in 1982. After a forty-year teaching ministry that began in 1974, Salins retired in early 2015 on attaining superannuation but continues to teach at the Seminary in Mangalore.
Academic offices :
| Preceded bySunanda Anandakumara | Teacher-in-New Testament Karnataka Theological College, Mangalore 1974-2015 | Succeeded byD. R. Sadananda |
# Moldova President's Cup

Moldova President's Cup was an international road bicycle racing tournament in Chişinău (Moldova), that was existed between 2003 and 2010.

## Winners

| Year | Winner | Second | Third |
| 2004 | Victor Mironov | Sergiu Cioban | |
| 2005 | Alexandru Mocan | | |
| 2006 | Siarhei Papok | Egidius Iodvaldis | Artiom Zaitev |
| 2007 | Alexandru Mocan | Artiom Zaitev | Igor Krot |
| 2008 | Artur Malinovsky | Eric Pederosa Romal | Artur Surganov |
| 2009 | Yauheni Patenka | Pavel Petrovici | Nazar Perebinos |
| 2010 | Kiril Yatsevich | Eugeniu Cozonac | Dumitru Pruteanu |
# George Warwick McClintic

George Warwick McClintic (January 14, 1866 – September 25, 1942) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of West Virginia.

## Education and career

Born in Pocahontas County, West Virginia, McClintic received an Artium Baccalaureus degree from Roanoke College in 1883 and a Bachelor of Laws from the University of Virginia School of Law in 1886. He was in private practice in Charleston, West Virginia from 1888 to 1921. He was a member of the West Virginia House of Delegates from 1919 to 1921.

## Federal judicial service

On July 19, 1921, McClintic was nominated by President Warren G. Harding to a new seat on the United States District Court for the Southern District of West Virginia created by 42 Stat. 67. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on July 25, 1921, and received his commission the same day. He assumed senior status on March 1, 1941, serving in that capacity until his death on September 25, 1942.
# Christopher Apple House

Christopher Apple House, also known as the Apple Farm House, is a historic home located in Lawrence Township, Marion County, Indiana. It was built in 1859, and is a two-story, four bay Federal style brick dwelling with Greek Revival style design elements. It has a side gable roof and 1+1⁄2-story rear wing.$^{:2,4}$
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.
# Built-in Reminder

Built-in Reminder (Russian: «Встроенный напоминатель») is a short story by Victor Pelevin, published in 1991. The story was the title of a collection of stories of the same name published in 2002.

## Plot

The story is a monologue and reflection of a painter of modern art.
At an exhibition of modern art, the painter Niksim Skolpovsky talks about a new direction, "vibrationalism". The lecture is attended by several elderly female workers of the Burevestnik factory, who probably got there by accident. As an example of a work of vibrationalism, he demonstrates a simulacrum of a human being, "a mannequin with a remote eliminator and a built-in death reminder. This mannequin is assembled "from a multitude of random objects pulled together by thin wires.
When the saw's blade, located near the head, is turned on, it begins to cut one by one the wires, which causes the dummy to disintegrate. Simultaneously with the beginning of the saw's work the bell - a reminder of death - was also turned on.
At the end of the lecture Niksim Skolpovsky says: "The built-in reminder warned of impending death, but could the mannequin hear it ringing? And even if he could, did he understand its meaning? This is what vibrationalism invites us to ponder.
During the lecture, the elderly women in attendance begin to gradually shrink and at the end become no more than specks of dust. Niksim sweeps up these dust particles with a broom and pours them into an envelope. And if the mannequin, which embodies the virtual corporeality, is "resurrected," that is, restored as a permanent exhibit, then the physical corporeality of the visitors is reduced to ashes. Thus, in the fictional "vibrationalism" the author has encoded the philosophy of Zen Buddhism.
At the end of the story, Nixim thinks about a sore root tooth. Although he has the power to reduce people to the size of dust particles, he cannot cope with his own toothache. He, too, finds himself in the role of a dummy, unable to understand that the toothache is a reminder of his own death.
The second point, mocked humorously by the author, is that the audience at the exhibition does not understand at all what the artist Niksim Skolpovsky is saying to them, which is generally typical of most contemporary art exhibitions.
The author himself plays with ideas and terms, while slightly mocking his readers. It is very reminiscent of his own statement: "Being forced by the nature of my occupations to meet a lot of heavy idiots from literary circles, I have developed the ability to participate in their conversations without really thinking about what they are talking about, but freely juggling with ridiculous words like 'realism', 'theurgy' or even 'theosophical coke'. In Chapaev's terminology, this meant learning the language spoken by the masses. And he himself, as I understood it, didn't even bother to know the words he spoke."
# Walkringen railway station

Walkringen railway station (German: Bahnhof Walkringen) is a railway station in the municipality of Walkringen, in the Swiss canton of Bern. It is located on the standard gauge Burgdorf–Thun line of BLS AG.

## Services

As of the December 2024 timetable change, the following services stop at Walkringen:
* Bern S-Bahn:
** S41: hourly service between Thun and Solothurn.
** S42: hourly service between Hasle-Rüegsau and Thun.
# Chung Yu-cheng

Chung Yu-cheng (simplified Chinese: 钟宇政; traditional Chinese: 鍾宇政; pinyin: Zhōng Yǔzhèng; born December 25, 1973) is a Taiwanese baseball player who competed in the 1992 Summer Olympics.
He was part of the Chinese Taipei baseball team which won the silver medal. He is a right-handed pitcher.