OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Fourth Universal of the Ukrainian Central Council

The Fourth Universal of the Ukrainian Central Council (Ukrainian: Четвертий Універсал Української Центральної Ради, romanized: Chetvertyi Universal Ukrainskoi Tsentralnoi Rady) is a significant state-political declaration that proclaimed the full state independence of the Ukrainian People's Republic. It was enacted by the Lower Council (Committee) of the Ukrainian Central Council in Kyiv on 22 January [O.S. 9 January] 1918. Its issuance followed the commencement of peace negotiations between the Ukrainian People's Republic and the Central Powers in Brest-Litovsk (now in Brest, Belarus).

## Description

The document proclaimed that "henceforth, the Ukrainian People's Republic is an autonomous, independent, and sovereign state of the Ukrainian people." It also expressed a commitment to peaceful coexistence with neighboring states and emphasized that these states had no right to intervene in its internal affairs. The adoption of the Universal affirmed the authority of the state power of the Ukrainian Central Council until the convening of the Ukrainian Constituent Assembly. The executive body of the General Secretariat of the Ukrainian Central Council was reorganized into the Council of People's Ministers of the Ukrainian People's Republic, which aimed to continue negotiations with the Central Powers, securing recognition of the Ukrainian People's Republic as a fully independent state. These negotiations ultimately culminated in the signing of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.
The Universal urged the government and citizens of Ukraine to resist Bolsheviks and other "adversaries" who had devastated the land during the Ukrainian–Soviet War. It proposed the dissolution of the national armed forces, and the establishment of a people's militia in their place.
In the economic sphere, the aim was to transition industrial enterprises to a peaceful state, with the anticipation of establishing state control over banks, major branches of trade, export-import activities, and implementing state monopoly on strategic products like metal and coal. Plans were underway for a land law that would redistribute land to the laboring peasantry without compensation, as part of the cancellation of private property and socialization efforts before the start of spring fieldwork.
The document also reaffirmed all public liberties declared in the Third Universal of the Ukrainian Central Council, scheduled re-elections to the people's councils, and called on all citizens to participate actively in the elections to the Ukrainian Constituent Assembly. The Fourth Universal of the Ukrainian Central Council explicitly outlined the establishment of a sovereign country as the ultimate goal for all Ukrainians.

## International recognition

On 22 January [O.S. 9 January] 1918 the United Kingdom officially recognized the Ukrainian People's Republic. John Picton Bagge, the former British consul-general for South Russia in Odesa, was appointed as temporary chargé d'affaires and arrived in Kyiv. He met with Oleksander Shulhyn, the General Secretary of International Affairs of Ukraine.
# Electoral district of Ashwood

The electoral district of Ashwood is an electorate of the Victorian Legislative Assembly in Melbourne, Australia. It was created in the redistribution of electoral boundaries in 2021, and came into effect at the 2022 Victorian state election.
Ashwood covers areas of the abolished districts of Burwood and Mount Waverley with its boundaries being Burke Road to the west, the Monash Freeway to the south, Burwood Highway and Toorak Road to the north, and Blackburn Road to the east. The seat contains the suburbs of Ashburton, Ashwood, Chadstone, Glen Iris, Mount Waverley, and parts of Burwood, Burwood East, and Camberwell.
The abolished seats of Burwood and Mount Waverley were held by Labor MPs Will Fowles and Matt Fregon respectively.

## Members for Ashwood

| Image | Image | Member | Party | Term | Notes |
| | | Matt Fregon | Labor | 26 November 2022 – present | Previously member for Mount Waverley. Incumbent |

## Election results

2022 Victorian state election: Ashwood :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labor | Matt Fregon | 18,014 | 40.3 | −0.1 |
| | Liberal | Asher Judah | 16,618 | 37.2 | −7.1 |
| | Greens | Peter Morgan | 6,612 | 14.8 | +2.7 |
| | Animal Justice | Milton Griffiths | 880 | 2.0 | +0.5 |
| | Family First | Keith Geyer | 847 | 1.9 | +1.9 |
| | Independent | Lynnette Saloumi | 704 | 1.6 | +1.6 |
| | Freedom | Norman F. Baker | 568 | 1.3 | +1.3 |
| | Independent | Michael Doyle | 467 | 1.0 | +1.0 |
| Total formal votes | Total formal votes | Total formal votes | 44,710 | 96.6 | +0.7 |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 1,565 | 3.4 | −0.7 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 46,275 | 90.4 | –0.0 |
| Two-party-preferred result ||||||
| | Labor | Matt Fregon | 25,106 | 56.2 | +4.2 |
| | Liberal | Asher Judah | 19,604 | 43.8 | −4.2 |
| | Labor hold | Labor hold | Swing | +4.2 | |
# Michela Moioli

Michela Moioli (born 17 July 1995) is an Italian snowboarder. She has represented Italy at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, and at the 2018 Winter Olympics in PyeongChang, winning a gold medal. She competed at the 2022 Winter Olympics, in Women's snowboard cross.

## Biography

Qualified young at the age of 18 for the Olympic final of the snowboardcross in Sochi 2014, a bad fall ousted her from the fight for the podium. As a result of this injury, she had to undergo a cruciate ligament surgery that caused her to close the World Cup competitive season prematurely.

## World Cup
### Overall

| Season | Rank | Points |
| 2013 | 3rd | 3170 |
| 2014 | 27th | 540 |
| 2015 | 3rd | 1900 |
| 2016 | 1st | 5100 |
| 2017 | 2nd | 4490 |
| 2018 | 1st | 8410 |
| 2019 | 3rd | 2650 |
| 2020 | 1st | 5400 |
| 2021 | 2nd | 430 |
| 2022 | 2nd | 501 |

### Podium

| # | Date | Place | Discipline | Rank |
| 1 | 17 February 2013 | Sochi | Snowboardcross | 1st |
| 2 | 9 March 2013 | Arosa | Snowboardcross | 2nd |
| 3 | 14 March 2015 | Veysonnaz | Snowboardcross | 1st |
| 4 | 23 January 2016 | Feldberg | Snowboardcross | 2nd |
| 5 | 24 January 2016 | Feldberg | Snowboardcross | 3rd |
| 6 | 21 February 2016 | Sunny Valley | Snowboardcross | 3rd |
| 7 | 27 February 2016 | Bokwang | Snowboardcross | 2nd |
| 8 | 6 March 2016 | Veysonnaz | Snowboardcross | 1st |
| 9 | 21 January 2017 | Solitude Mountain Resort | Snowboardcross | 2nd |
| 10 | 11 February 2017 | Feldberg | Snowboardcross | 1st |
| 11 | 5 March 2017 | La Molina | Snowboardcross | 1st |
| 12 | 25 March 2017 | Veysonnaz | Snowboardcross | 3rd |
| 13 | 13 December 2017 | Val Thorens | Snowboardcross | 3rd |
| 14 | 16 December 2017 | Montafon | Snowboardcross | 1st |
| 15 | 22 December 2017 | Cervinia | Snowboardcross | 1st |
| 16 | 20 January 2018 | Erzurum | Snowboardcross | 3rd |
| 17 | 27 January 2018 | Bansko | Snowboardcross | 2nd |
| 18 | 3 February 2018 | Feldberg | Snowboardcross | 1st |
| 19 | 4 February 2018 | Feldberg | Snowboardcross | 1st |
| 20 | 10 March 2018 | Moscow | Snowboardcross | 2nd |
| 21 | 17 March 2018 | Veysonnaz | Snowboardcross | 1st |
| 22 | 22 December 2018 | Cervinia | Snowboardcross | 3rd |
| 23 | 9 February 2019 | Feldberg | Snowboardcross | 2nd |
| 24 | 16 March 2019 | Veysonnaz | Snowboardcross | 3rd |
| 25 | 13 December 2019 | Montafon | Snowboardcross | 2nd |
| 26 | 21 December 2019 | Cervinia | Snowboardcross | 1st |
| 27 | 25 January 2020 | Big White | Snowboardcross | 1st |
| 28 | 26 January 2020 | Big White | Snowboardcross | 2nd |
| 29 | 7 March 2020 | Sierra Nevada | Snowboardcross | 2nd |
| 30 | 13 March 2020 | Veysonnaz | Snowboardcross | 1st |
| 31 | 23 January 2021 | Chiesa in Valmalenco | Snowboardcross | 1st |
| 32 | 18 February 2021 | Reiteralm | Snowboardcross | 1st |
| 33 | 20 March 2021 | Veysonnaz | Snowboardcross | 2nd |
| 34 | 28 November 2021 | Secret Garden | Snowboardcross | 3rd |
| 35 | 18 December 2021 | Cervinia | Snowboardcross | 1st |
| 36 | 29 January 2022 | Cortina d'Ampezzo | Snowboardcross | 1st |
| 37 | 12 March 2022 | Reiteralm | Snowboardcross | 2nd |
# Jacques Charby

Jacques Charby (13 June 1929 – 1 January 2006) was a French actor, director, writer, and outspoken activist during against colonialism during the Algerian War. A member of the Réseau Jeanson or Jeanson network, he cooperated with Algeria's National Liberation Front in the fight for Algerian independence. He also wrote the first feature-length film chronicling Algerian Independence, entitled So Young a Peace, which was entered into the 4th Moscow International Film Festival.

## Life and work

Charby was born Jacques Charbit in Paris.
# Desjardins Canal disaster

The Desjardins Canal disaster was a rail transport disaster near Hamilton, Canada West. The train wreck occurred at 6:15 p.m. on March 12, 1857 (1857-03-12) when a train on the Great Western Railway crashed through a bridge over the Desjardins Canal, causing the train and its passengers to fall 18 metres (60 ft) into the ice below. With 59 deaths, it is considered one of the worst rail disasters in Canadian history.

## Recovery and rescue

The train had ninety passengers. Most in the last train car survived but others on the train either drowned or succumbed to injury. Locomotive lamps and fires were built to illuminate the scene to aid in rescue efforts. Ropes and ladders were lowered to bring the dead and wounded out of the train cars. One car, partially submerged, was accessed with axes by rescuers.
# List of longest non-repetitive piano pieces

This page attempts to list the longest non-repetitive piano pieces along with approximate duration. The number of pages their scores cover and their formats are listed where available.

## Works that have been performed or recorded

| Piece | Composer | Approximate duration | Page count | Page size | Notes |
| Beatus Vir | Jacob Mashak | 11 hours | 53 (in proportional notation) | | A work for two pianos. Premiered by three pianists (including the composer), who played in rotation. |
| The Road | Frederic Rzewski | 10 hours | 539 (manuscript) | | Premiered by the composer, Ian Pace and several other pianists. |
| Symphonic Variations for Piano | Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji | 10 hours | 484 (manuscript) | A3 | Variation 56 (of 81) has been recorded by Michael Habermann and performed by Chappell Kingsland. |
| 100 Transcendental Studies | Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji | 8½ hours | 456 (manuscript) | A3 | The complete cycle of 100 études has been recorded by Fredrik Ullén. The études that have not been performed in public are Nos. 27, 33, 39, 42, 45–48, 51, 53–58, 60–64, 68, 74, 82, 87, 90, 91 and 93. |
| Sequentia cyclica super "Dies irae" ex Missa pro defunctis | Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji | 8½ hours | 335 (manuscript) | A3 | Premiered and recorded by Jonathan Powell. |
| Piano Sonata No. 5 (Opus archimagicum) | Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji | 6–7 hours | 336 (manuscript) | A3 | Movements 8 and 9 from the 10-movement work have been premiered by Tellef Johnson. |
| Inner Cities 1–14 | Alvin Curran | 6 hours | | | Premiered and recorded by Daan Vandewalle. |
| November | Dennis Johnson | 6 hours | 6 (manuscript) | | Premiered by the composer, recorded by R. Andrew Lee. |
| The Well-Tuned Piano | La Monte Young | 5-6 hours | | | Premiered and recorded by the composer. |
| The History of Photography in Sound | Michael Finnissy | 5½ hours | 365 (edition) | A3 | Premiered and recorded by Ian Pace. Performed by Mark Knoop. |
| Piano Symphony No. 6 (Symphonia claviensis) | Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji | 4¾ hours | 270 (manuscript) | A3 | Premiered by Jonathan Powell. |
| Piano Symphony No. 4 | Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji | 4½ hours | 240 (manuscript) | A3 | Premiered by Reinier van Houdt. |
| Opus clavicembalisticum | Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji | 4 hours | 253 (manuscript) | A3 | Premiered by the composer. Performed and recorded by Geoffrey Douglas Madge and John Ogdon. Performed by Jonathan Powell, Daan Vandewalle and Hiroaki Ooï. |

## Works that have not been performed or recorded

| Piece | Composer | Approximate duration | Page count | Page size |
| For Clive Barker | Matthew Lee Knowles | 26 hours (1 day 2 hours) | 1,061 (manuscript) | A4 |
| Alida No. 16f "La conscience totale" | Maurice Verheul | 12½ hours | 341 (manuscript) | |
| Piano Sonata No. 5 | Maurice Verheul | 7 hours 18 minutes | 441 (manuscript) | |
| Piano Symphony No. 0 | Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji | 5½ hours | 333 (manuscript) | A3 |
| Piano Symphony No. 1 (Tāntrik) | Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji | 4½ hours | 284 (manuscript) | A3 |
| Piano Symphony No. 2 | Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji | 4½ hours | 248 (manuscript) | A3 |
# Aluto

Aluto (also known as Alutu) (2,365 metres (7,759 ft)) is a dormant stratovolcano in Ethiopia, located in the Ethiopian Rift Valley in southern Oromia region between Lake Langano and Lake Ziway. It is the site of the Aluto–Langano Geothermal Power Station.

## Geology

It features numerous vents along E-W and NNW-SSE trending fissures which converge at the coordinates of the volcano center, which is the center of a hypothesized caldera surrounded by rims, visible especially in the south and west. The largest vent is 1 km × 0.5 km in size just SE of the volcano center and along the SE rim of the volcano. The volcano covers a surface area of appr. 25 km$^2$. The silicic volcano center has an eruption history of more than 500,000 years, the last eruption was around 2400 years ago. Eruptions from Aluto may have influenced the dispersal of hominin populations in East Africa.
Strong fumarolic activity continues throughout today. The volcano is permanently inflating and deflating with the strongest movements at the center of the hypothesized caldera, indicating some activity around 5 km below the volcano.
Close to the center of the hypothetical caldera is the site of the high-temperature Aluto–Langano geothermal field with temperatures between 300 and 400 °C at depths below 1,200 meters. This geothermal field covers an area of about 8 km$^2$.
The field is also the site of the Aluto–Langano Geothermal Power Station, a pilot power plant to explore geothermal energy in Ethiopia.
# Henry Mundy (portraitist)

Henry Mundy or Munday (1798–1848) was an English pioneer settler and portraitist in the colony of Van Diemen's Land. He worked as a portraitist in Launceston in the early 1840s, and tried his hand at farming, but want of funds forced him to move to Hobart in 1842, where he died of an overdose of laudanum in 1848, leaving a wife, Lavinia, and five children.
# WSUP

WSUP is a university-run radio station located in Platteville, Wisconsin. It is run by an all-volunteer student body at University of Wisconsin-Platteville.
WSUP is the oldest student-operated radio station in the UW System, originating in 1964, when the university was Wisconsin State University-Platteville (hence the call letters). The station is licensed to the Wisconsin State Board of Regents and is administered by the University of Wisconsin System.
WSUP operates on an assigned frequency of 90.5 MHz with an effective radiated power of 1,000 watts. Studios and transmitter for WSUP are located in Pioneer Tower on the campus of the University of Wisconsin-Platteville.
The mission of WSUP is two-fold, as identified by the Board of Regents: to provide a valuable on-site practicum for university instruction through practical experience to students; and, to act in a service and outreach capacity for the university to the campus community and to the city of license.
On February 1, 2006, WSUP launched a live web stream of their programming. This was disabled temporarily for legal reasons regarding the playing of copyrighted music in 2008. WSUP still continued to webcast many of their UWP athletic events. As of March 1, 2010, WSUP has once again begun to stream all of its content 24/7 for all of its listeners around the world.
WSUP went off air in the summer of 2020 because of technical difficulties, but as of September 2020 it is back on air.
# Gurdwara Sangat Tola

Gurdwara Sangat Tola is a Sikh temple in Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. It is located at 14 Sreesh Das Lane, Bangla Bazar in Dhaka. The gurdwara was purportedly founded by Guru Tegh Bahadur in the late 1660's. It is currently managed by the Gurdwara Management Committee Bangladesh and remains in a neglected and decaying state.

## History

The ninth Sikh guru, Guru Tegh Bahadur, came to Dhaka from Assam and resided there between the years 1666–1668. He built Gurdwara Sangat Tola in Bangla Bazar during his stay. The shrine was originally constructed as a dharamsaal located at Tola Mahalla in old Dhaka. A painter from the court of governor Shaista Khan, named Ahsan, painted a portrait of the Guru during his stay at this gurdwara.
In 1985, a handwritten and illustrated Guru Granth Sahib manuscript kept at the site was moved to Guru Nanak Shahi, also in Dhaka.

## Architecture

It is estimated that the oldest building of the Sangat Tola no longer exists. Currently it's a two-storied building and it has round balcony that is visible from the outside. Signs of disk and sword are painted on the wall. Besides the stairs, a broken part of a wide wall can be found which indicates that there used to be one or more rooms in that area of the building. On the second floor, there's a prayer room for Sikhs. The holy book of Sikhs is kept in the prayer room. Also, paintings of Guru Tegh Bahadur are preserved here.

## Current state

The temple of more than 350 years is now abandoned. Some people obtained some part of it illegally. The cover on the walls of the office room on the ground floor is no longer functional. The walls to the right of the stairs is broken since many days. This old building is not listed in the list of archaeological finds or in any other preservation list.

## Management and activities

Volunteers of Gurdwara Nanak Shahi look after this Sangat Tola. Every morning a gronthy (a person who says preyer) says preyer. Also every Saturday a Kirtan (song to praise god or maybe religion) is held. Five Gurudwaras in Bangladesh including Gurudwara Sangat Tola is administrated by Gurudwara Management Committee Bangladesh (IGD) with coordinated help from a service organization in Punjab, India called Sampardai Kar Seba. A religious organization of Sikhism in India, "Karseba Sarhali" provides fund to run Gurudwaras.
# Shiho (given name)

Shiho (written: 志保, 志穂, 志穗, 志帆, 志歩, 史帆 or 詩穂) is a feminine Japanese given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Shiho (actress) (志保, born 1992), Japanese actress and model
* Shiho Fujimura (藤村 志保, born 1939), Japanese actress
* Shiho Fujiwara (藤原 志保, born 1971), Japanese ice hockey player
* Shiho Fukada (深田 志穂), Japanese photojournalist
* Shiho Hisamatsu (久松 志保, born 1979), Japanese tennis player
* Shiho Katō (加藤 史帆, born 1998), Japanese idol
* Shiho Kawaragi (河原木 志穂, born 1976), Japanese voice actress and singer
* Shiho Kikuchi (菊池 志穂, born 1972), Japanese voice actress
* Shiho Kokido, a Japanese voice actress
* Shiho Kusunose (楠瀬 志保, born 1969), Japanese speed skater
* Shiho Nakashima (中島 志保, born 1978), Japanese snowboarder
* Shiho Niiyama (新山 志保, 1970–2000), Japanese voice actress
* Shiho Nishioka (西岡 詩穂, born 1989), Japanese fencer
* Shiho Ochi (越智 志帆), Japanese musician
* Shiho Sakai (酒井 志穂, born 1990), Japanese swimmer
* Shiho Sugiura (杉浦 志保), Japanese manga artist
* Shiho Tanaka (田中 志穗, born 1992), Japanese badminton player
* Shiho Tanaka (judoka) (田中 志歩, born 1998), Japanese judoka
* Shiho Yano (矢野 志保, born 1976), Japanese model
* Shiho Yoshimura (吉村志穂, born 1989), Japanese volleyball player

## Fictional characters

* Shiho Munakata (宗像 詩帆), a character in the anime series My-HiME
* Shiho Miyano (宮野 志保), a character in the manga series Detective Conan
* Shiho Hinomori (日野森 志歩), a character from the video game Hatsune Miku: Colorful Stage!
* Shiho Sannomiya (三宮 紫穂), a character in the manga series Zettai Karen Children
* Shiho Suzui (鈴井 志帆), a character in the video game Persona 5
* Shiho Ichimura (市村 しほ) from Odd Taxi
# VFR-on-top

In United States aviation, VFR-on-top is defined as air traffic control authorization for an aircraft operating under instrument flight rules (IFR) to do so in visual meteorological conditions (VMC) at any appropriate visual flight rules (VFR) altitude.

## Usage

VFR-on-top permits pilot operation above, below, between cloud layers, or in areas where visual meteorological conditions can be met. This allows pilots to climb through visual obscurations such as cloud, haze, and smoke, select a preferred altitude or flight level, or cancel their IFR flight plan. Certain airspaces, such as an Class A airspace, do not permit VFR-on-top.
While flying VFR-on-top, pilots are required to stay in an appropriate VFR altitude, maintain the required VFR visibility and cloud clearance requirement, while comply with other IFR requirements (minimum IFR altitudes, position reporting, radio communications, course to be flown, adherence to ATC clearance, etc).

## Communication

Pilots must request air traffic controllers (ATC) to obtain the VFR-on-top clearance. ATC authorization will include a cloud top report and a request to report upon reaching the top; it may also include a clearance limit, routing, and an alternative clearance if VFR-on-top is not reached by a specified altitude. Pilots operating on a VFR-on-top clearance must advise ATC before any altitude change.
Although IFR separation is not applied, controllers must continue to provide traffic advisories and safety alerts, and apply merging target procedures to aircraft operating VFR‐on‐top.

## Compared to VFR Over-The-Top

VFR over-the-top is different from VFR-on-top, in that VFR-on-top is an IFR clearance that allows the pilot to fly VFR altitudes, while VFR over-the-top is strictly a VFR operation in which the pilot maintains VFR cloud clearance requirements while operating on top of an undercast layer.
# Maeve O'Connell

Maeve O'Connell is an Irish Fine Gael politician who has been a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Dublin Rathdown constituency since the 2024 general election.

## Career

She has lectured in law and governance at Technological University Dublin. She is a barrister and was called to the bar in 1998.
O'Connell was a member of Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown County Council from 2019 to 2024 for the Stillorgan area.

## Personal life

She is married to fellow Fine Gael TD Colm Brophy.
# Jill Goldthwait

Jill Goldthwait is an American politician from Maine. Goldthwait grew up in New Jersey and obtained a degree in nursing in California. She served a stint as a Peace Corps volunteer in Tonga. She moved to Maine in 1978 and settled in Bar Harbor, Maine on Mount Desert Island. She worked as an emergency department nurse at Mount Desert Island Hospital and served on the Bar Harbor Town Council for 9 years prior to running for Maine State Senate. An unenrolled (independent), she won 4 terms (1994-2002) in the State Senate before being unable to run for re-election due to term-limits. She then took a job with Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, which later turned into a permanent position as Director of Government Relations. In 2005, Goldthwait was named by Governor John Baldacci to the state's newly created Creative Economy Council.