OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Wasatch and Uinta montane forests

The Wasatch and Uinta montane forest is a temperate coniferous forest ecoregion in the Wasatch Range and Uinta Mountains of the western Rocky Mountains system, in the Western United States.

## Setting

This ecoregion is located almost entirely within the state of Utah, with a very small portion stretching north into southwestern Wyoming and southeastern Idaho. This ecoregion covers the driest ranges of the Rocky Mountains, in the rain shadow of the Sierra Nevada to the west.

## Flora

The dominant vegetation type of this ecoregion is coniferous forest, composed mainly of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii subsp. glauca), subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa), Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmanni), Rocky Mountain juniper (Juniperus scopulorum), two-needle piñon (Pinus edulis), and trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides), with limited populations of limber pine (Pinus flexilis). This ecoregion is unique from other Rocky Mountain ecoregions in that large areas are dominated by gambel oak (Quercus gambelii) and bigtooth maple (Acer grandidentatum).

## Fauna

Mammals include mule deer (Odocoileus hemonius), elk (Cervus canadensis), moose (Alces alces), bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis), mountain goat (Oreamnos americanus), black bear (Ursus americanus) cougar (Puma concolor), and wolverine (Gulo gulo)
Brown bear and gray wolf, are also native to these forests, and much of the rest of Utah, but have been extirpated due to hunting, with brown bears having not been found in Utah since roughly 1922, when the last grizzly bear Old Ephraim was shot and killed. Gray wolves have begun to return to Utah, primarily in the far northeastern reaches of state, where it borders Wyoming and Idaho. Both bears and wolves have been under threat, due primarily to the livestock industry which is an obstacle currently preventing their return.

## Threats and preservation

The majority of this ecoregion has been greatly affected by livestock grazing, logging, mining, and recreational uses such as downhill skiing, and as a result, its conservation status is "critical/endangered". Very few areas are protected, and the largest area that is protected, the High Uintas Wilderness in northeastern Utah, mainly protects areas in the high alpine zone, with the more diverse montane and subalpine zones being almost entirely unprotected. The main threats to this ecoregion's integrity are motorised recreation, widespread livestock grazing and downhill skiing. This region has also been severely effected by mountain pine beetle outbreaks in the last decades, killing large swathes of forest.
# Porto Pride

Porto Pride is the name of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender community Pride Party held in Porto in July of each year. The first Porto LGBT Pride Party was in July 2001.

## History

Around 1000 people participated in the first edition and this number doubled in the 2008 edition.
The Party is an event supported by commercial entities. It included a community side, where dozens of associations and groups promoted their activities, as well as a charity twist. A significant part of the revenue is donated to a local institution. In 2007 the donation was almost 4,500 euros.

## Porto Pride Parade

Since 2006 an LGBT Pride Parade has also been held in Porto. During the first parade almost 500 people participated.
# Battle of Helvetia

The Battle of Helvetia was an engagement in the Second Boer War fought by Boer and British troops on 29 December 1900 in Helvetia 10 km north of Machadodorp, eastern South African Republic.

## Battle

Boer troops under Vechtgeneraal Chris Muller and overall command of General Ben Viljoen won a surprise victory over the British forces of Major Stapleton Lynch Cotton (1860-1928), attacking them from east and west at dark before daybreak. The Boers numbered about 580 men (or 350), while the British forces were only about 350 men strong, however boasting a 120mm (4.7 inch) naval cannon. Muller and his troops took 235 prisoners of war and the cannon. After burning British army stocks, Boer troops fled for oncoming British reinforcements.

## Aftermath

Muller later became particularly famous for the capture of this cannon, jokingly called the 'Lady Roberts'. Major Cotton, 1st Battalion King's Liverpool Regiment, was convicted of quitting his post at Helvetia, but acquitted of neglect of good order and military discipline.

## Literature

* Amery, Leo S. Chapter IV Nooitgedacht and the Transvaal Outbreak (Dec. 1900—Jan. 1901) in: The Times history of the war in South Africa 1899-1902. Retrieved 29 November 2023. At the website angloboerwar.com of David Biggins.
* Grobler, J.E.H.: The War Reporter. Jonathan Ball Publishers. 2004. ISBN 978-1-86842-186-2.
* Pakenham, Thomas (1979). The Boer War. New York: Random House. ISBN 0-394-42742-4 – via archive.org. Page 493.
* Viljoen, B. J. (1902). CHAPTER XXVIII. CAPTURE OF "LADY ROBERTS." from My Reminiscences of the Anglo-Boer War. Project Gutenberg. p. 285. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
# Glenna Hansen

Glenna F. Hansen (born August 10, 1956) is an Inuvialuk Canadian politician. She served as the commissioner of the Northwest Territories from March 31, 2000, to April 29, 2005.

## Early life

Born in Aklavik, Northwest Territories, Canada, Hansen joined David Storr and Sons Contracting Ltd., in 1991 as an executive assistant. As of 2004, she is general manager of David Storr and Sons Contracting Ltd., a position she rose to in 1996.

## Election attempts

Hansen ran for a seat in the Northwest Territories Legislature in the electoral district of Inuvik Twin Lakes for the 1999 Northwest Territories general election but lost to Roger Allen. She ascended to political office after being appointed Commissioner a few months later.
Hansen appeared on the political scene again running for a seat in the 2011 Northwest Territories election in the electoral district of Mackenzie Delta. The race was hotly contested due incumbent David Krutko not standing for re-election. She was defeated finishing in fifth place in the five-way race losing to Frederick Blake Jr.

## Commissioner

On March 31, 2000, Hansen was appointed and sworn in as the 14th Commissioner of the Northwest Territories and the 24th head of state for the territory since 1870. She served in the role until April 29, 2005.
# Pradosia

Pradosia is a genus of plants in the family Sapotaceae described as a genus in 1872.
Most of the species of Pradosia are native to Central and South America, but a few occur in Trinidad and in tropical Africa.

## Species

* †Pradosia argentea (Kunth) T.D.Penn. – Peru
* Pradosia atroviolacea Ducke – Costa Rica to Acre
* Pradosia beardii (Monach.) T.D.Penn. – Trinidad, Venezuela, Guyana
* Pradosia brevipes (Pierre) T.D.Penn. – Brazil, Paraguay
* Pradosia caracasana (Pittier) T.D.Penn – Trinidad, Venezuela, Colombia
* Pradosia cochlearia (Lecomte) T.D.Penn. – French Guiana, N Brazil
* Pradosia colombiana (Standl.) T.D.Penn. ex T.J.Ayers & Boufford – Venezuela, Colombia
* Pradosia cuatrecasasii (Aubrév.) T.D.Penn. – Colombia
* Pradosia decipiens Ducke – Amazonas
* †Pradosia glaziovii (Pierre) T.D.Penn. – Rio de Janeiro
* Pradosia granulosa Pires & T.D.Penn. – Pará, Maranhão
* Pradosia grisebachii (Pierre) T.D.Penn. – Trinidad, Venezuela
* Pradosia huberi (Ducke) Ducke – French Guiana, Pará
* Pradosia kuhlmannii Toledo – Rio de Janeiro
* Pradosia lactescens (Vell.) Radlk. – Brazil
* Pradosia lahoziana Terra-Araujo – Amazonas
* Pradosia longipedicellata Alves-Araújo & M.Alves – Bahia
* Pradosia montana T.D.Penn. – Ecuador
* †Pradosia mutisii Cronquist – Colombia, Ecuador
* Pradosia ptychandra (Eyma) T.D.Penn. – Suriname, French Guiana
* Pradosia schomburgkiana (A.DC.) Cronquist – Northern South America
* Pradosia spinosa Ewango & Breteler – Cameroon, Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Democratic Republic of the Congo
* Pradosia subverticillata Ducke – Amazonas, Pará
* Pradosia surinamensis (Eyma) T.D.Penn. – Venezuela, Guianas, Northern Brazil
* Pradosia verrucosa Ducke – Pernambuco
* Pradosia verticillata Ducke – Amazonas, French Guiana
# Dirofilariasis

Dirofilariasis is an infection by parasites of the genus Dirofilaria. It is transmitted through a mosquito bite; its main hosts include dogs and wild canids. These can give rise to granulomas in the pulmonary artery. Some common symptoms include cough, fever and pleural effusion. It may also appear on X-rays of the chest.

## Diagnosis

Dirofilariasis is often diagnosed by the examination of tissue obtained as part of the diagnostic investigation of coin lesions. Blood tests are not yet helpful in the diagnosis of dirofilariasis in humans.

## Treatment

Treatment with tetracycline antibiotics has been reported to damage Dirofilaria immitis, often causing death of adult worms.
# The Grave Digger

The Grave Digger is the tenth studio album by German heavy metal band Grave Digger. It the first album to feature former Rage guitarist Manni Schmidt, and is often considered the darkest album the band has done, along with 1995's Heart of Darkness. The lyrics are about dark concepts, some are inspired by the works of Edgar Allan Poe.

## Track listing

All songs are composed and arranged by Boltendahl, Becker and Schmidt; all lyrics by Boltendahl.

## Note

The 2006 re-issue by Nuclear Blast includes the 2003 album Rheingold.

## Credits
### Band members

* Chris Boltendahl - vocals
* Manni Schmidt - guitars
* Jens Becker - bass
* Stefan Arnold - drums
* HP Katzenburg - keyboards

### Additional musicians

* Olaf Senkbeil - backing Vocals
* Hacky Hackmann - backing Vocals

### Production

* Britta Kühlmann - recording
* Henning Winter - recording
* Jens Rosendahl - photography
* Markus Mayer - artwork, cover concept, design
* Chris Boltendahl - producer, cover concept
* Jörg Umbreit - producer, recording, mixing
* Manni Schmidt - producer
* Vincent Sorg - producer, mixing, mastering
# Rwanda Film Festival

The Rwanda Film Festival, also known as Hillywood, is a film festival held annually in July in Kigali, Rwanda. The Rwanda Film Festival gained worldwide recognition over the past years and has become one of Africa's major film events.

## History

The Rwanda Film Festival was founded in 2005 by Eric Kabera. Presented by the Rwanda Cinema Center, an organization that aims to promote the country's film industry, the Rwanda Film Festival, nicknamed "Hillywood" due to Rwanda's nickname of "Land of a Thousand Hills", is a travelling festival. Due to Kabera's desire to show the films to as large of an audience as possible, the festival is held not only in the capital of Kigali, but the films, especially ones made by Rwandan film-makers, are also shown on large inflatable screens in rural areas throughout the country. More recently, Kabera has stated that the festival will make a move away from focusing only on the issue of the genocide; rather "other social issues" of modern Rwanda will be explored.

## Silverback Awards

The Silverback Awards were launched after the Silverback Sponsorship from London firm Hard Media with the Rwanda Film Festival.
* Hillywood Award
* East Africa Award
* Best Documentary Film
* Best Feature Film
* Best Short Film
* Best Director
* Resilience Award
* Rwanda as Seen Around the World
* Audience Award
* Out of Africa: Films on Africa
# Dagmar (automobile)

The Dagmar was a sports version of the Crawford Automobile, made in Hagerstown, Maryland from 1922 to 1927 by the Crawford Automobile Company following their purchase by the M. P. Moller Pipe Organ Co. Several hundred Dagmars were produced. The Dagmar was considered one of the sportiest-looking cars of its day, featuring disc-covered artillery wheels, brass trim, and straight 'military' wings. They were usually painted in pastels. Two sizes of cars were produced, using six-cylinder engines produced by either Continental or Lycoming. The make later served as a base model for the Standish automobile and the Luxor taxicab.
# Second Battle of Memphis

The Second Battle of Memphis was a battle of the American Civil War occurring on August 21, 1864, in Shelby County, Tennessee.

## Battle

At 4:00 a.m. on August 21, 1864, Maj. Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest made a daring raid on Union-held Memphis, Tennessee, but it was not an attempt to capture the city, which was occupied by 6,000 Federal troops. The raid had three objectives: to capture three Union generals posted there; to release Southern prisoners from Irving Block Prison; and to cause the recall of Union forces from northern Mississippi. Striking northwestward for Memphis with 2,000 cavalry, Forrest lost about a quarter of his strength because of exhausted horses. Surprise was essential. Taking advantage of a thick dawn fog and claiming to be a Union patrol returning with prisoners, the Confederates eliminated the sentries.
Galloping through the streets and exchanging shots with other Union troops, the raiders split to pursue separate missions. One Union general was not at his quarters. During the raid, another—General Cadwallader C. Washburn—escaped to Fort Pickering dressed in his night-shirt after John Alexander Bryan of Co I, 15th Tennessee Cavalry, captured his horse. Forrest took Washburn's uniform, but later returned it under a flag of truce. According to Memphis legend, Confederate cavalrymen rode into the lobby of the luxurious Gayoso House seeking US army officers. A street in Memphis is named "General Washburn's Escape Alley" in commemoration of the ordeal. The attack on Irving Block Prison also failed when Union troops stalled the main body at the State Female College. After two hours, Forrest decided to withdraw, cutting telegraph wires and taking 500 prisoners along with large quantities of supplies, including many horses.

## Results

Although Forrest failed in Memphis, his raid influenced Union forces to return there from northern Mississippi to protect the city. Union General Stephen A. Hurlbut was quoted afterward as saying, "There it goes again! They superseded me with Washburn because I could not keep Forrest out of West Tennessee, and Washburn cannot keep him out of his own bedroom!"
# Bernie Burke

Bernard M. Burke Jr. was an American ice hockey goaltender who won a silver medal at the 1950 World Championships and captained the Boston College to the national championship in 1949.

## Career

Burke first began attending Boston College in 1942, joining the ice hockey team under John Kelley. After his freshman year, however, the university, along with many of its contemporaries, suspended its ice hockey program due to the United States' involvement with World War II. Burke left college and joined the Navy, spending approximately three years in the service.
After leaving the Navy Burke returned to BC for the 1946–47 school year and rejoined the hockey team. He eventually became the starter and helped the Eagles reach the inaugural NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Tournament in 1948.
Burke was selected as team captain for his senior season. He led the Eagles to their best record in team history, finishing their regular season with a 17–1 record. Burke held the fort in two tough battles to win the New England Tournament (the precursor to the Beanpot) and garnered the Eagles a second consecutive bid to the national tournament. Boston College won both games to capture the championship, with Burke being named to the NCAA All-Tournament Second Team.
After graduating, Burke joined the US National Team for the 1950 World Championships, winning a silver medal. Burke retired following the 1950 season and, after a year off, returned to his alma mater to serve as the coach for the freshman team. He remained in that position until the NCAA ended the restriction for freshman on varsity teams, after which he became the goaltending coach for the varsity squad. He retired in 1993, after more than 45 years at Boston College.

## Honors

Burke was inducted into the Boston College Athletic Hall of Fame in 1973

## Awards and honors

| Award | Year |
| AHCA Second Team All-American | 1947–48 |
| NCAA All-Tournament First Team | 1948 |
| AHCA First Team All-American | 1948–49 |
| NCAA All-Tournament Second Team | 1949 |
# Ernest Ford Cochran

Ernest Ford Cochran (September 12, 1865 – March 4, 1934) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of South Carolina.

## Education and career

Born in Anderson, South Carolina, Cochran received a Bachelor of Laws from the University of Virginia School of Law in 1888. He was in private practice in Anderson for various periods from 1889 to 1923, and was also a United States Commissioner for the United States District Court for the District of South Carolina from 1889 to 1891. He was an Assistant United States Attorney of the District of South Carolina from 1891 to 1892 and from 1898 to 1905, also serving as Anderson's city attorney from 1898 to 1900, and was the United States Attorney for the District of South Carolina from 1906 to 1914, and for the Western District of South Carolina from 1921 to 1923.

## Federal judicial service

Cochran received a recess appointment from President Calvin Coolidge on November 22, 1923, to a seat on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of South Carolina vacated by Judge Henry Augustus Middleton Smith. He was nominated to the same position by President Coolidge on December 15, 1923. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on January 17, 1924, and received his commission on January 21, 1924. His service terminated on March 4, 1934, due to his death in Charleston, South Carolina.
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 970

United Nations Security Council resolution 970, adopted on 12 January 1995, after reaffirming all resolutions on the situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina in particular Resolution 943 (1994) concerning the border closure between the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) and Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Council decided that measures in that resolution would be suspended for a further period of 100 days.
The Security Council welcomed the steps that Serbia and Montenegro took in maintaining the closure of its border with Bosnia and Herzegovina. It was important that the border remained closed, and that any violations of the closure were punished, noting that parts of Resolution 757 (1992) remained in force.
Requirements in Resolution 820 (1993) stating that import to, export from and transshipment through the United Nations Protected Areas in Croatia and areas of Bosnia and Herzegovina under the control of Bosnian Serb forces would have to be approved by the governments of both countries, except for humanitarian aid, were reaffirmed. The Committee of the Security Council established in Resolution 757 (1992) concerning requests for humanitarian assistance including from the International Committee of the Red Cross and United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and other organisations was urged to adopt streamlined procedures.
The Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali was requested to report to the council every 30 days as to whether Serbia and Montenegro was effectively implementing the border closure, and that if not, the suspension of restrictions and other measures would be terminated within 5 working days. The Council concluded by stating it would keep the situation under review.
Russia abstained from the vote on Resolution 970, which was approved by the other 14 members of the council.
# Hitonari Maruyama

Hitonari Maruyama (born 21 April 1942) is a Japanese alpine skier. He competed in the men's downhill at the 1968 Winter Olympics.
# Claude Jean-Prost

Claude Jean-Prost (20 November 1936 – 7 January 2018) was a French ski jumper. He competed in the individual event at the 1960 Winter Olympics.
# Sarajevo Street Art Festival

The Sarajevo Street Art Festival (Bosnian: Festival ulične umjetnosti Sarajevo / Фестивал уличне умјетности Сарајево) is an annual street art festival held in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is held in July of every year and lasts for three days. Each year's edition is made up of numerous street performances, the creation of a new street art quarter in the city, concerts, the painting of large murals and the showcasing of other creative art forms. The final day of the festival is dedicated to children and entails stage music, theatrical and gymnastics workshops, jugglers and street magicians.
# Vila da Penha

Vila da Penha is a predominantly middle class neighborhood located in the region called the "Leopoldina Zone", a historic region in the Northern part of Rio de Janeiro City. The neighborhood is divided between residential and commercial zones, featuring a shopping mall, lots of restaurants, shops, commercial centers, gastronomic streets, bars, bistros, banks, among others. It is also close to the Vicente de Carvalho Metro Station.
# Big Top Academy

Big Top Academy is a musical children's TV show, that aired on TVO Kids throughout 2018 and 2019. The show stars a lengthy children's ensemble, including Drew Davis, Cameron Andres, Ava Ro, Liam Patenaude, Madison Brydges, Ellowyn Stanton, Riley O'Donnell, Samson Boldizar, Ana Elizaga Tecuapetla and Carson MacCormac.
The 52 episodes of the show started airing on June 10, 2018 on TVO Kids, and has also aired on Pop. The show can also be streamed on Hulu in the United States and Pop Player in the United Kingdom.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, Big Top Academy: School's Out Edition started production, filming from the cast's houses. This 26 episodes of the reboot aired on TVO Kids and Pop Player, in 2020.

## Plot

In a circus arts boarding school, an extraordinary group of young acrobats who dream of becoming professional circus artists, perform stunts, tricks and performances, but no one could imagine the crazy mysteries they'll find on the way, whether it is secret rooms and books, amulets or spies.

## Cast

* Drew Davis as Nicholas
* Cameron Andres as Maxwell
* Ava Ro as Ella
* Liam Patenaude as Chase
* Madison Brydges as April
* Ellowyn Stanton as Phoenix
* Riley O'Donnell as Celeste
* Samson Boldizar as Axel
* Marc Trottier as Sir Rayne
* Krin Haglund as Ms. Martel
* Michael Barbuto as Nicky Zolta
** Carson MacCormac as young Nicky Zolta
* Michelle Argyris as Miss G.
* Ana Elizaga Tecuapetla as Rosa

## Release

TVO Kids released the first episode of Big Top Academy on June 10, 2018, along with the 52 episodes airing throughout the year, into 2019. In 2019, Pop, a free-to-air British television channel in the UK, received distribution rights to the show and started airing it in the United Kingdom. All episodes of the show are also available to stream on Hulu. The show airs in Pakistan on Pop as well.
In 2020, Apartment 11 Productions started production on a reboot filmed in the homes of the cast and surrounding areas, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which aired on Pop Player (then called Pop Fun) and TVO Kids.

## Reception

The show received multiple awards and nominations for the cast, and the show itself was nominated at the Canadian Screen Award in 2020 for Best Children’s or Youth Fiction Program or Series, and was also nominated at the Youth Media Alliance Award of Excellence in 2019 for the Best Live Action Scripted Ages 6-9.
# Afraad

Afraad (The Fourth Brigade) (Somali: Afraad, Arabic: افراد) was one of the major units of the Western Somali Liberation Front and was composed of officers originating from Somaliland. Afraad's initial objective was to liberate Somalis living in Somali Region of Ethiopia, but its focus later shifted due to increasing abuses against the north somali civilian population perpetrated by WSLF. Killing, looting and rape of civilians by WSLF was common from 1978 onwards. This abuse was due to the Somali state employing the Ogadeni subsection of WSLF as a subsidiary militia that would be used to maintain control over the northern regions of Somalia.
Armed clashes between Afraad and the Ogaden forces of WSLF began shortly after 1979. A North Somali army officer arrested 14 leading WSLF fighters who have been harassing and abusing the local population at Gobyar.
From February 1982, Isaaq army officers and fighters from the Fourth Brigade started moving into Ethiopia where they formed the nucleus of what would later become the Somali National Movement.