# Pangnirtung

Pangnirtung (or Pang, also Pangniqtuuq, in syllabics: ᐸᖕᓂᖅᑑᖅ) is an Inuit hamlet, in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of the Canadian territory of Nunavut, located on Baffin Island. The community is located about 45 km (28 mi) south of the Arctic Circle, and about 2,700 km (1,700 mi) from the North Pole. Pangnirtung is situated on a coastal plain at the coast of Pangnirtung Fjord, a fjord which eventually merges with Cumberland Sound. As of October 2024, the mayor is Stevie Komoartok.

## Name

There is some confusion about the village name. Residents say the real name is Pangniqtuuq, which means "the place of many bull caribou". Early in 2005 residents voted against officially changing the name of the village to the native one, as Pangnirtung has achieved an international reputation. Its residents have created high-quality traditional arts in sculpture, as well as adaptation of themes and design in printmaking and weaving.
Pangnirtung is nicknamed the Switzerland of the Arctic, or simply Pang.

## History

The Inuit and their ancestors, Paleo-Eskimo, have inhabited the area for thousands of years, perhaps up to 4000 years. Their cultures became well-adapted to the climate and environment.
Contact with European Canadians has been limited to less than the last century. In 1921, the Hudson's Bay Company established a trading post in Pangnirtung. Two years later, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police erected a permanent office. The first government-appointed teacher arrived in 1956. The first administrative office was established in 1962.
Since then, numerous Inuit have achieved success with marketing their traditional arts. They transformed traditional drawing skills to produce lithographs and other forms of prints, allowing reproduction and wider distribution of their work. Other artists have made sculptures and carvings in local stone. Since the government established a weaving studio in 1970, many Inuit have learned to weave and are producing tapestries and other works that find an international market.

## Demographics

In the 2021 Canadian census conducted by Statistics Canada, Pangnirtung had a population of 1,504 living in 396 of its 456 total private dwellings, a change of 1.6% from its 2016 population of 1,481. With a land area of 7.98 km$^2$ (3.08 sq mi), it had a population density of 188.5/km$^2$ (488.1/sq mi) in 2021.
Panethnic groups in Pangnirtung (2001−2021) :
| Panethnic group | 2021 | 2021 | 2016 | 2016 | 2006 | 2006 | 2001 | 2001 |
| Panethnic group | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % |
| Indigenous | 1,415 | 94.33% | 1,395 | 94.26% | 1,240 | 93.58% | 1,210 | 94.53% |
| European | 85 | 5.67% | 70 | 4.73% | 65 | 4.91% | 65 | 5.08% |
| African | 0 | 0% | 10 | 0.68% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% |
| Middle Eastern | 0 | 0% | 10 | 0.68% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% |
| East Asian | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 20 | 1.51% | 0 | 0% |
| South Asian | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 10 | 0.75% | 0 | 0% |
| Southeast Asian | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% |
| Latin American | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% |
| Other/multiracial | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% |
| Total responses | 1,500 | 99.73% | 1,480 | 99.93% | 1,325 | 100% | 1,280 | 100.31% |
| Total population | 1,504 | 100% | 1,481 | 100% | 1,325 | 100% | 1,276 | 100% |
| Note: Totals greater than 100% due to multiple origin responses |||||||||

## Geography and climate

Pangnirtung has a tundra climate (Köppen: ET; Trewartha: Ftkd) with very short, cool summers and long, cold winters lasting almost the entire year.
Climate data for Pangnirtung WMO ID: 71826; Climate ID: 2403049; coordinates 66°08′36.3″N 65°42′40.5″W﻿ / ﻿66.143417°N 65.711250°W﻿ / 66.143417; -65.711250﻿ (Pangnirtung); elevation: 22.6 m (74 ft); 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1995–present :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high humidex | 5.9 | 8.6 | 6.0 | 9.9 | — | 20.2 | 23.3 | 25.3 | 14.8 | 11.1 | 8.8 | 6.6 | 25.3 |
| Record high °C (°F) | 6.8 (44.2) | 5.0 (41.0) | 7.1 (44.8) | 10.2 (50.4) | 11.5 (52.7) | 20.4 (68.7) | 24.2 (75.6) | 23.8 (74.8) | 15.5 (59.9) | 11.5 (52.7) | 7.0 (44.6) | 7.0 (44.6) | 24.2 (75.6) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −21.1 (−6.0) | −21.8 (−7.2) | −17.2 (1.0) | −8.6 (16.5) | 0.3 (32.5) | 7.1 (44.8) | 11.9 (53.4) | 11.1 (52.0) | 5.6 (42.1) | −0.9 (30.4) | −6.9 (19.6) | −13.6 (7.5) | −4.5 (23.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −24.5 (−12.1) | −25.1 (−13.2) | −21.0 (−5.8) | −12.6 (9.3) | −2.5 (27.5) | 4.1 (39.4) | 8.6 (47.5) | 8.2 (46.8) | 3.3 (37.9) | −3.2 (26.2) | −9.6 (14.7) | −16.6 (2.1) | −7.6 (18.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −27.7 (−17.9) | −28.3 (−18.9) | −24.3 (−11.7) | −16.6 (2.1) | −5.5 (22.1) | 1.1 (34.0) | 5.2 (41.4) | 5.1 (41.2) | 0.9 (33.6) | −5.4 (22.3) | −12.1 (10.2) | −19.5 (−3.1) | −10.6 (12.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −38.5 (−37.3) | −41.6 (−42.9) | −40.0 (−40.0) | −34.5 (−30.1) | −24.0 (−11.2) | −5.2 (22.6) | −2.0 (28.4) | −2.4 (27.7) | −8.0 (17.6) | −16.5 (2.3) | −27.7 (−17.9) | −39.5 (−39.1) | −41.6 (−42.9) |
| Record low wind chill | −55.1 | −53.6 | −53.6 | −41.4 | −33.1 | −11.3 | −6.5 | −6.4 | −14.9 | −26.8 | −37.6 | −49.5 | −55.1 |
| Average relative humidity (%) (at 1500 LST) | 74.1 | — | 77.9 | 81.1 | 77.8 | 59.4 | 53.9 | 63.6 | 74.6 | 86.0 | 82.4 | 76.9 | — |
| Source: Environment and Climate Change Canada Canadian Climate Normals 1991–2020 ||||||||||||||

## Economic development

The community operates a turbot fishery. In 2008, the federal government budgeted for the construction of a harbour. Pangnirtung Fisheries Limited operates a packing plant to process local turbot catches. Founded in 1992 during peak summer operations the company has over 40 employees during peak season.
Auyuittuq Lodge is the hamlet's only hotel, which comprises 25 rooms, shared facilities, a dining room, and a lounge.

## Local services

Power is supplied to Pangnirtung via standalone diesel generators operated by Qulliq Energy.
Fuel is imported via tanker and stored in a tank farm near the Pangnirtung Airport. The purchase of diesel fuel is the responsibility of the government of Nunavut.
Water, sewage, and garbage services are provided by the municipality of Pangnirtung. Water trucks fill up at a reservoir adjacent to the hamlet and deliver seven days a week. Sewage is pumped out and treated at the municipal treatment plant. Garbage is picked up five days a week and transported to a landfill that slowly deteriorates due to Arctic temperatures.
For emergency services it is protected by the 14-member Pangnirtung Fire Department. The fire service uses one pumper with one older reserve from one station. Policing is provided by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police Pangnirtung Detachment attached to V Division.
Mini C, The North West Company (Northern Store), Pangnirtung Inuit Co-op and Co-op Express are the only local retailers and grocery options. KFC Express, Pizza Hut and Co-op Express are the only fast food restaurants in the hamlet. Perishable goods are shipped by air and all other items by sealift when waters are ice-free.
Banking is done through the Co-op or money orders
Gasoline for cars or snowmobiles is done at the Quickstop or the Co-op.

## Education

There are two schools in Pangnirtung:
* Alookie Elementary School - kindergarten to Grade 5
* Attagoyuk Ilisavik High School - Grades 6 to 12
Post secondary-studies opportunities can be made through Nunavut Arctic College's Community Learning Centre.

## Recreation

Aksayuk Arena is a sports and recreational centre.

## Transportation

Like all Nunavut communities Pangnirtung is a fly-in community with no road access to the rest of Nunavut. Pangnirtung Airport provides the only viable means of access. There are gravel roads in the community and residents use SUV's, pickup trucks, 4-wheel ATV's and snowmobiles.

## Places of worship

Two churches can be found in Pangnirtung:
* St. Luke's Anglican Church
* Full Gospel (Pentecostal) Church

## Health

Basic medical services are available at the Health Centre. Four beds are available for assessment only, with advance care via medevac to Iqaluit.

## Near Pangnirtung

Pangnirtung is the nearest town (1 hour by boat) to Auyuittuq National Park and the location of one of two park offices, the other is in Qikiqtarjuaq. Located near to the Parks Canada office is the Angmarlik Visitor Centre. Iglunga, now uninhabited, is an Inuit hamlet, just south of Iglunga Island, is about 65 km (40 mi) to the west.

### Small craft harbour

In 2009, the then Canadian Prime Minister, Stephen Harper, proposed building a new modern harbour in Pangnirtung to support the region's turbot-fishing industry. Harper received a warm welcome with many residents gathered at the airport to greet him. The town's 1,500 residents listened as Harper announced that $17 million worth of harbour construction promised in the last two budgets would get under way in the fall of that year. Harper said the greatest potential for the hamlet's future lies in the inshore turbot fishery. The shortfalls of the previous harbour were a big problem for fishermen: When the tide ebbed, the harbour turned to mud.
The work on the harbour was completed in September 2013. The entire project ended up costing about $40.5 million. The improvements to the harbour include a fixed wharf, breakwater, marshalling area, sea lift ramp and a dredged channel and basin. The improvements will allow residents to unload their catches faster by allowing smaller crafts to dock easily and safely.

## Broadband communications

The community has been served by the Qiniq network since 2005. Qiniq is a fixed wireless service to homes and businesses, connecting to the outside world via a satellite backbone. The Qiniq network is designed and operated by SSI Micro. In 2017, the network was upgraded to 4G LTE technology, and 2G-GSM for mobile voice.

## In popular culture

The 2022 Canadian Inuit science fiction film Slash/Back was filmed in Pangnirtung. It was directed by Nyla Innuksuk in her feature debut, and starred largely local actors recruited for the film.

## Notable residents

* Elisapee Ishulutaq
* Simeonie Keenainak
* Ipeelee Kilabuk
* Peter Kilabuk, Nunavut's first Minister of Education
* Nakasuk
* Paul Okalik, Nunavut's first premier
* Stephen Osborne
* Andrew Qappik
* Riit

## Image gallery

* Attagoyuk Ilisavik High School, Pangnirtung
* Pangnirtung Fiord
* Former Hudson's Bay Blubber Station at Pangnirtung
* Auyuittuq National Park Office
* Tapestries at the Uqqurmiut Centre for Arts & Crafts
* View of Pangnirtung and the mountains
* Pangnirtung and the fjord