OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Christine Asdurian

Christine Asdurian (born Armenia; February 17, 1893 – April 29, 1963) was an American pianist who composed the music to the University of Miami Alma Mater in 1926, (lyrics by William Seth Lampe). She was enrolled as a music student at the University of Miami in 1926 and 1927 as one of its 646 first enrolled students. She studied piano with Earl Chester Smith. Bertha Foster, UM’s first music dean, also mentored Christine. Bowman F. Ashe, The University of Miami’s first president, was known to recruit her to perform in civic functions and donor appreciation events.
At age 3, Asdurian traveled with her father, a clergyman, to the United States; he died soon after. She was adopted by two sisters, Sarah A. Thompson and Esther H. Thompson, of Litchfield, Connecticut, and her name was changed to Christine Oviatt Thompson.
Asdurian attended Oberlin College in Oberlin, Ohio, Converse College in Spartanburg, South Carolina, and earned an M.A. in comparative literature from Columbia University, New York in 1917. In 1924 and 1925, Asdurian was a staff pianist for Gimbels, a department store chain, performing throughout the New York tri-state area for a recurring broadcast radio show on WEAF, WGBS, and WMCA.
While a student at the University of Miami, Asdurian broadcast on WGBU and worked as a statistician with the Miami Chamber of Commerce. She also performed recitals, and composed children's music.
After attending the University of Miami, Asdurian returned to the New York area in 1928 and resumed her live radio performances until 1931. She then moved to Los Angeles and died there on April 29, 1963.
# 2011–12 Nepal National League

A total of 10 teams competed in the 2011–12 Nepal National League. The season began on 30 December 2011 and concluded on 22 January 2012.
Nepal Police Club won the league and Nawayug Shrestha of the Nepal Army Club was the top scorer, with 7 goals.

## League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| 1 | Nepal Police Club (C) | 9 | 6 | 3 | 0 | 14 | 3 | +11 | 21 | Qualification for 2012 AFC President's Cup |
| 2 | Himalayan Sherpa Club | 9 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 14 | 8 | +6 | 19 | |
| 3 | Manang Marshyangdi Club | 9 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 17 | 6 | +11 | 17 | |
| 4 | Jawalakhel Youth Club | 9 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 11 | 9 | +2 | 16 | |
| 5 | Nepal Army Club | 9 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 16 | 9 | +7 | 13 | |
| 6 | Three Star Club | 9 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 11 | 6 | +5 | 13 | |
| 7 | Ranipokhari Corner Team | 9 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 11 | 8 | +3 | 13 | |
| 8 | New Road Team | 9 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 9 | −2 | 11 | |
| 9 | Sangam Club | 9 | 1 | 0 | 8 | 8 | 30 | −22 | 3 | |
| 10 | Mitra Milan Club | 9 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 8 | 29 | −21 | 1 | |

## Top scorers

| Rank | Player | Club | Goals |
| 1 | Nawayug Shrestha | Nepal Army Club | 7 |
| 2 | Ganesh Lawati | APF Club | 6 |
| 3 | Santosh Sahukhala | Manang Marshyangdi Club | 5 |
| 3 | Jumanu Rai | Nepal Police Club | 5 |
| 5 | Subarna Limbu | Mitra Milan Club | 4 |
# Receiving vault

A receiving vault or receiving tomb, sometimes also known as a public vault, is a structure designed to temporarily store dead bodies in winter months when the ground is too frozen to dig a permanent grave in a cemetery. Technological advancements in excavation, embalming, and refrigeration have rendered the receiving vault obsolete.

## About the receiving vault
### Development and use

The receiving vault came into use in parts of the world such as northern Europe, northern North America, and far southern South America, where frozen ground made it difficult or impossible to dig graves during the winter months. In such areas, the receiving vault was used to temporarily store bodies until warmer weather permitted digging. Receiving vaults were also used as a temporary burial site while an elaborate mausoleum or under ground crypt was being constructed to house the remains. Occasionally they were used to temporarily bury the remains of an individual until a decision was made regarding a permanent place of burial, or until the family had the funds to arrange for a permanent place of burial.
In times of epidemics, in which large numbers of people could die within days of one another, receiving vaults were often used to hold remains until such time as individual or mass graves could be dug. Disease-bearing corpses were also often stored in the receiving vault until such time as authorities believed it was safe to handle them. Some cemeteries, however, barred the placement of diseased remains in the receiving vault for fear that the vault would become contaminated.
Receiving vaults largely ceased to be built once powered digging equipment, such as the steam shovel and backhoe, made it possible to dig graves in winter months.

### Types of receiving vaults

The receiving vault was most commonly seen from the 1800s into the early 1900s. The earliest receiving vaults were simple underground chambers dug out of hills. Where the ground was level, the receiving vault was dug into the earth, and a mound heaped over it to mimic a hill. Receiving vaults stored coffins or bodies in loculi, or shelves, set into the walls of the vault. The interiors were simple, and often plain, with heavy lockable doors to prevent entry by grave robbers or body snatchers.
Receiving vaults built from the mid-1800s onward could be either above-ground or below-ground, and ranged from the simple structure with loculi (wall niches) for coffins to beautifully decorated, large, and ornate structures. Some cemeteries co-located a chapel (either next to or above) with the receiving vault to make it easier to hold a funeral in conjunction with the vault's use. The cost of constructing and operating the receiving vault was usually borne by the cemetery. Receiving vaults were usually located toward the center or the rear of a cemetery. Small cemeteries usually used a small, subterranean receiving vault, while larger burying grounds with more income built larger underground or above-ground structures.
# Mauritz Amundsen

Mauritz Amundsen (4 June 1904 – 8 March 1982) was a Norwegian Olympic sport shooter, and World Champion from 1931.
He became World Champion in 1931, and team champion in 1947. He competed at three Olympics, in 1936, 1948 and 1952 with 11th place as best result.
# Merkabah (disambiguation)

The Merkabah (Hebrew: מרכבה) is a divine chariot seen by Ezekiel and Isaiah in the Hebrew Bible.
Merkabah or Merkavah may also refer to:
* The Merkava, a series of Israeli main battle tanks
* "Merkaba", a song by Tool from their 2000 box set Salival
* The stellated octahedron, a polyhedral compound and stellation named "merkaba" by some contemporary mystics
# Jan Beenakker

Joannes Joseph Maria Beenakker (February 1, 1926, in Koog aan de Zaan – July 23, 1998, in Leiden), more often known as Jan J. M. Beenakker or Jan Beenakker, was a Dutch physicist and the rector of the Leiden University.

## Education and career

Beenakker was the son of a railway employee and grew up in Zeeland and Rotterdam. In 1942 he obtained his Abitur, but because of the Second World War he was only able to start studying physics at Leiden University in 1945. In 1951, after intermittent military service, he received his diploma in meteorology and in 1954 he received his doctorate in low temperature physics from Cornelis Jacobus Gorter and Krijn Wybren Taconis from the Kamerlingh-Onnes Laboratory at Leiden University. His dissertation was on the influence of the helium-3 isotope on superconductivity. Beenakker remained in Leiden after graduation, where he became a lecturer in 1959 and a full professor of experimental physics in 1963. From 1985 until his retirement in 1991 he was rector magnificus of the Leiden University. Between 1969 and 1970, Beenakker was on sabbatical at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Between 1961 and 1962 visiting professor at the KU Leuven.

## Research

His research dealt with the thermodynamic and transport properties of liquids and gases. The Senftleben-Beenakker effects are named after him and the German physicist Hermann Senftleben, which describe the influence of electric and magnetic fields on the transport properties (thermal conductivity, viscosity) of molecular gases. It bears a distant resemblance to the Hall effect in solids. From earlier experiments by Senftleben it was believed that this only affected paramagnetic molecules such as nitric oxide and oxygen, but Beenakker and his colleague Hein Knaap showed that diamagnetic gases such as nitrogen and methane are also affected by external fields (but they should have a non-spherical shape have), since the precession rate between two collisions of the molecules is changed by them.
Beenakker also studied transport in highly diluted gases, in which boundary layer phenomena play a role and new phenomena emerge (viscomagnetic heat flow, thermomagnetic pressure difference). With colleagues, he was the first to observe the non-equilibrium velocity distribution in a heat-conducting gas.

## Honors and awards

He was chairman of the Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Matter (FOM), a Dutch research foundation for basic research. He became a member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1978. He received an honorary doctorate from the University of Waterloo, became a Knight of the Order of the Netherlands Lion and an officer in the Belgian Order of the Crown.

## Personal life

Beenakker was married to Elena Manaresi (1927 – 2009) and had three sons from the marriage, Carlo Beenakker, Jan Willem Beenakker, and Peter Beenakker.
# McGees Bridge

McGees Bridge is a road bridge that carries the Tasman Highway across Pitt Water, near Sorell in the south-east of Tasmania, Australia. The bridge and adjacent Sorell Causeway provide vital links between Hobart and two of Tasmania's principal tourist attractions - Port Arthur on the Tasman Peninsula and the picturesque East Coast via the Tasman Highway.

## History

The Tasmanian Government decided in the mid 19th century that if a crossing at Pitt Water could be made, it would considerably reduce the time to reach Sorell. It was decided to build a causeway for two-thirds of the length of Pitt Water and use a bridge to complete the rest of the crossing. A single-lane timber bridge was the first construction, but continuing maintenance on a major highway bridge became a significant problem.
As a result, Australia's first post-tensioned beam and slab bridge was completed in 1957. A feature of the bridge was that the voids for the tendons were created using inflated rubber tubes which were withdrawn after the concrete had set. The bridge was given a 50-year life span. In 2001 it became apparent that the ingress of chlorides had caused the bridge to deteriorate seriously. The State Government awarded John Holland a design/build contract to replace the ageing bridge.
The new bridge (designed by GHD) is thought to be the first match-cast precast-segmental channel-type road bridge outside France and the United States. The $20 million McGees Bridge was the largest single infrastructure project funded by the State Government for more than 15 years.
The new bridge was named as a tribute to Dr Rodney William McGee, who died after a long battle with cancer on 1 February 2002, aged 47. At the time of his death he was a senior engineer with the Department of Infrastructure, Energy & Resources and was recognised interstate and internationally for his expertise in bridge engineering.
The project was marked by extensive community involvement and particular attention to safeguarding the local environment, as the bridge is in an internationally recognised wetlands site and designated heritage area.
The Premier of Tasmania, Jim Bacon was present at the official opening ceremony which was also attended by the Minister for Infrastructure, Jim Cox, the Mayor of Sorell, Carmel Torenius, and members of Rod McGee's family.
# Vrbovec (Znojmo District)

Vrbovec (German: Urbau) is a municipality and village in Znojmo District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,300 inhabitants.
Vrbovec lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) south-east of Znojmo, 59 km (37 mi) south-west of Brno, and 189 km (117 mi) south-east of Prague.

## Administrative division

Vrbovec consists of two municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
* Vrbovec (988)
* Hnízdo (148)
# Waspada

Waspada (Aware) is an Indonesian daily newspaper published in Medan, North Sumatra by PT Penerbitan Harian Waspada. Having first published on 11 January 1947, it is the third oldest continuously published newspaper in Indonesia, only behind Kedaulatan Rakyat of Yogyakarta and Mimbar Umum of Medan. It is one of the largest newspapers in the city.

## History

Waspada was first published by Mohammad Said and his wife Ani Idrus on 11 January 1947, in the midst of Indonesian National Revolution. The name Waspada comes from Mohammad Said advice to the public to be "aware" in facing various possibilities in the nation's struggle against the Dutch, especially the Dutch strategy which resulted in huge losses for the Republic of Indonesia sovereignty and its fighters. Its first numbers only consisted of two pages. Issuance of the second number on Monday (because the paper was not published on Sunday) had to be compacted, on the opposite page only a notice was displayed.
The newspaper was firmly declared itself to be the supporters of Indonesian independence. This stance was shown through firm and sharp news and articles against the Dutch who continued to try to exert their influence and grip on occupying Medan and its surroundings in order to control plantation lands, such as the tobacco area or spice commodities.
In September 1964, the leadership of Waspada were passed to Tribuana Said, the eldest son of Mohammad Said and Ani Idrus. Tribuana Said's sympathetic appearance led many publishers of Medan-based newspapers to appoint him as chairman of the Medan branch of Association for Promoting Sukarnoism (BPS). However, on 17 December 1964 President Sukarno issued a decree to disband the BPS; followed later by the Decree of Minister of Information on 23 February 1965 concerning the ban of 21 newspapers who participated in the BPS, including Waspada. On 17 August 1967 Waspada, led again by Mohammad Said, began publishing again.
Waspada has repeatedly changed its motto. The current motto Demi Kebenaran dan Keadilan (For the Sake of Truth and Justice) has been appeared since 1 February 1969. This motto was chosen because it is in accordance with the paper's mission, such as exercising control, criticism and constructive correction in accordance with the law.
The online portal Waspada Online was officially established on 11 January 1997 to coincide with the 50th anniversary of the paper. On 24 June 2009 Waspada Online was re-launched and inaugurated by Vice President Jusuf Kalla.
# Pax Forlag

Pax Forlag is a Norwegian publishing house, established in 1964.
The first manager was Tor Bjerkmann, who chaired the company from 1964 to 1972.
Starting with Bjerkmann's new translation of George Orwell's Animal Farm, Pax published 150 quality paperback editions during its first three years of operation.
Pax Forlag has issued a selected reprint of the "working class" encyclopaedia Arbeidernes Leksikon in 1974, and the political encyclopaedia Pax Leksikon (1978–1981).
# Compton-Thornhill baronets

The Thornhill, later Compton-Thornhill Baronetcy, of Riddlesworth Hall in the Parish of Riddlesworth in the County of Norfolk and of Pakenham Lodge in the Parish of Pakenham in the County of Suffolk, was a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 11 August 1885 for Thomas Thornhill, Conservative Member of Parliament for West Suffolk. The second Baronet assumed the additional surname of Compton on 9 May 1901. The title became extinct on his death in 1949.

## Thornhill, later Compton-Thornhill baronets, of Riddlesworth Hall and of Pakenham Lodge (1885)

* Sir Thomas Thornhill, 1st Baronet (1837–1900)
* Sir Anthony John Compton-Thornhill, 2nd Baronet (1868–1949)
# XHTML+Voice

XHTML+Voice (commonly X+V) is an XML language for describing multimodal user interfaces. The two essential modalities are visual and auditory. Visual interaction is defined like most current web pages via XHTML. Auditory components are defined by a subset of Voice XML. Interfacing the voice and visual components of X+V documents is accomplished through a combination of ECMAScript, JavaScript, and XML Events.

## Voice input

Voice input or speech recognition is based on grammars that define the set of possible input text. In contrast to a probabilistic approach employed by popular software packages such as Dragon Naturally Speaking, the grammar based approach provides the recognizer with important contextual information that significantly boosts recognition accuracy. The specific formats for grammars include JSGF.

## Voice output

Voice output or speech synthesis can read any string at virtually any time. Pitch, volume, and other characteristics can be customized using CSS and Speech Synthesis Markup Language (SSML) however the Opera web browser doesn't currently support all these features.

## MIME types

The previously recommended MIME type for any X+V document is application/xhtml+voice+xml which is what the Opera browser uses. Opera will also interpret X+V documents served as text/xml. The current recommended MIME type for any X+V document is application/xv+xml. Since most web servers associate the .xml extension with text/xml, an xml extension is a fairly safe way of making your static X+V document files browsable.

## X+V-enabled browsers

The most commonly used X+V browser is the Opera browser. Users of the Opera browser can enable X+V support through steps described at https://web.archive.org/web/20080516174104/http://www.opera.com/voice
. Voice is not yet supported in Opera Mini or on platforms other than Windows.
Detecting support for X+V is best done from the server by checking the HTTP header "Accept" for the MIME type application/xhtml+voice+xml. Here is some PHP code that returns "true" if and only if the requesting browser supports XHTML+Voice:

## Related technology

Speech Application Language Tags (SALT) is a very similar format developed by Microsoft in 2001 to compete with VoiceXML and XHTML+Voice. SALT also provides users with multimodal support including grammar based recognition and speech synthesized output. The main differences are in the providers of support. Many different companies support VoiceXML and XHTML+Voice by providing various development tools and in particular IBM and Opera Software. SALT is supported almost exclusively from Microsoft by products such as the Microsoft Speech Application SDK and Microsoft Speech Server.
# Pultusk (meteorite)

Pultusk is an H5 ordinary chondrite meteorite which fell on 30 January 1868 in Poland near the town of Pułtusk. The event has been known as the stony meteorite shower with the largest number of pieces yet recorded in history. Made up of rocky debris, it consists of pyroxene or olivine chondrules deployed in massive plagioclase. Kamacite is also reported.

## History

The fall occurred on January 30, 1868, at 7:00 pm near the town of Pułtusk, about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northeast of Warsaw. Thousands of people witnessed a large fireball followed by detonations and a very large shower of small fragments falling on ice, land and houses within an area of about 127 sq km (appx. 78 sq. miles). The estimated number of fragments was 68780.
The fragments ranged in weight from half a gram to 9.095 kilograms (20.05 lb) (the largest specimen). The overall estimated mass of the meteorites was 8,863 kilograms (19,540 lb). The vast majority of the fragments were small (few grams), known as Pultusk Peas. The Pultusk meteorite is the largest stony meteorite shower ever recorded.

## Composition and classification

Pultusk is brecciated and contains two varieties of xenoliths embedded in a dark brecciated matrix. It is a veined and brecciated chondrite with abundant xenoliths with various degrees of recrystallisation. Petrologic type 5 xenoliths prevail, so it has been classified as H5: an ordinary chondrite significantly thermally metamorphosed and with the contours of the chondrules frequently difficult to distinguish. The main minerals are olivine and bronzite. Kamacite, troilite and chromite are also present.

### Chemical composition

The chemical elements and the respective quantity found in the Pultusk meteorite have been described as SiO$_2$ 36.44 wt%, TiO$_2$ 0.18 wt%, Al$_2$O$_3$ 1.88 wt%, Cr$_2$O$_3$ 0.37 wt%, FeO 9.48 wt%, MnO 0.25 wt%, MgO 23.75 wt%, CaO 1.82 wt%, Na$_2$O 0.83 wt%, K$_2$O 0.09 wt%, P$_2$O$_5$ 0.22 wt%, Fe 16.02 wt%, Ni 1.61 wt%, FeS 5.97 wt%, Fe (metallic) 17.62 wt%, Ni (metallic) 9.13 wt%, Fe as iron sulfide 3.80 wt%, S as iron sulfide 2.17 wt%, total content of iron 27.19 wt%.
# Tatsuhiro Muramoto

Tatsuhiro Muramoto (村元 辰寛, Muramoto Tatsuhiro, born 4 September 1976) is a retired Japanese judoka.
Muramoto is from Nagasaki, Nagasaki and began judo at the age of 6. He belonged to Asahi Kasei after graduation from Tenri University in 1999.
Muramoto was good at Uchimata and Harai goshi.
In 2000, he won a gold medal at the Asian Championships held in Osaka, Japan. He was also participate All-Japan Championships 8 times. He was expected to get medal of Olympic Games or World Championships but could not participate by the trouble of the knee since 1995.
Muramoto retired in 2007. Now, he has coached judo at Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences since 2009.

## Achievements

* 1991 - All-Japan Junior high school Championships (+78 kg) 3rd
* 1993 - All-Japan high school Championships (+95 kg) 2nd
* 1994 - World Junior Championships (+95 kg) 3rd
       - All-Japan high school Championships (+95 kg) 1st
       - Inter-highschool championships (+95 kg) 1st
* 1995 - All-Japan University Championships (+95 kg) 3rd
* 1996 - World Junior Championships (+95 kg) 3rd
* 1997 - All-Japan Championships (Openweight only) 2nd
       - Kodokan Cup (+95 kg) 3rd
* 1998 - Paris Super World Cup (+100 kg) 3rd
       - All-Japan Selected Championships (+100 kg) 3rd
       - All-Japan University Championships (Openweigh) 1st
* 1999 - Pacific Rim Championships (+100 kg) 1st
       - Jigoro Kano Cup (+100 kg) 3rd
       - World Masters Munich (+100 kg) 3rd
* 2000 - Asian Championships (Openweight) 1st
       - All-Japan Selected Championships (+100 kg) 2nd
* 2001 - All-Japan Championships (Openweight only) 3rd
       - All-Japan Selected Championships (+100 kg) 2nd
* 2002 - Paris Super World Cup (+100 kg) 2nd
* 2003 - Jigoro Kano Cup (+100 kg) 3rd
       - All-Japan Selected Championships (+100 kg) 2nd
* 2005 - All-Japan Championships (Openweight only) 2nd
# Sehdev

Sehdev is an Indian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Paramdeep Sehdev (born 1971), better known as Bobby Friction, British DJ, television presenter, and radio presenter
* Gireesh Sahdev, Indian actor
* Piyush Sahdev, Indian actor