OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Clifford V. Johnson

Clifford Victor Johnson (born 5 March 1968) is a British theoretical physicist and professor at the University of California, Santa Barbara department of Physics.

## Biography

Johnson was born in London, England, and lived in Montserrat for 10 years. From an early age, Johnson was interested in electronics. He would spend time reading on the subject, and designing small machinery such as radios. He graduated with a Bachelor of Science in Physics from Imperial College London in 1989 and he completed his Doctor of Philosophy in Mathematics and Physics from the University of Southampton in 1992.
Johnson's research focus is in superstring theory and particle physics, specifically related to strongly coupled phenomena. He has previously worked at the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics at the University of California, Santa Barbara, the Institute for Advanced Study, Durham University and Princeton University as a postdoctoral fellow. He worked as an assistant professor at the University of Kentucky from 1997 to 1999, and has been a physics professor at the University of Southern California's Department of Physics and Astronomy. In July 2023, he returned to the University of California, Santa Barbara. He received the 2005 Maxwell Medal and Prize from the Institute of Physics, "For his outstanding contribution to string theory, quantum gravity and its interface with strongly coupled field theory, in particular for his work on understanding the censorship of singularities and the thermodynamic properties of quantum spacetime. He received a National Science Foundation CAREER Award in 1997. In 2005, The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education listed Clifford Johnson as the most highly cited black professor of mathematics or a related field at an American university or college. He was named a Fellow of the American Physical Society in 2021. In 2022, Johnson was award AIP's Andrew Gemant award for his artistic and creative approach towards physics outreach and education. Johnson has also been awarded the Institute of Physics' James Clerk Maxwell Medal and Prize.
He also actively works to promote science in the public and physics outreach. As part of this effort, he regularly appears on the History Channel series The Universe and acts as a science consultant for the Discovery Channel. Johnson founded the African Summer Theory Institute, "which brings teachers, researchers, and students of all levels together for a month-long conference on a science topic—a different one every year—to discuss, to network, and, of course, to learn." Johnson is also the author of an introductory scientific graphic novel, The Dialogues. The book is a discussion on how to talk about scientific topics and exchange scientific ideas.
He has also served as a science consultant for science fiction films and television shows including Avengers: Endgame and Star Trek: Discovery. He made a brief cameo appearance in the 2020 film Palm Springs. In 2023 he was a guest on The Life Scientific on BBC Radio 4.
# Mädchenkantorei Limburg

Mädchenkantorei Limburg (Limburg Girls' Choir; German:), officially Mädchenkantorei am Hohen Dom zu Limburg (Girls' Choir of the High Cathedral at Limburg), is a girls' cathedral choir at Limburg Cathedral in Limburg, Hesse, Germany. The choir was founded in 1971 by Hans Bernhard. The choir's main task is singing in services at the Limburg Cathedral. The choir also performs in other services and concerts. Their repertoire covers all eras of classical music, but has a focus on contemporary music.

## History

The Mädchenkantorei was founded by cathedral chapel master (German: Domkapellmeister) Hans Bernhard in 1971 and is one of the oldest girls' choirs in German cathedrals. The primary purpose of the choir is to sing during services at Limburg Cathedral. They perform there monthly, while other services are sung by the Limburger Domchor and the Limburger Domsingknaben. The choir also performs in services within and outside of the Diocese of Limburg as well as in concerts. Their repertoire spans eras from Gregorian chant to Baroque music, the Classical period, Romantic music and contemporary music.
The conductor is the cathedral choir director (German: Domchordirektorin), Judith Kunz. Girls may join the choir from the last year of kindergarten, and receive a thorough musical education until they finish school. They rehearse at four levels. From the fifth school year, they are trained at the highest level in the A Choir, or chamber choir (Kammerchor). At this level, the girls perform internationally, putting on concerts in Austria, France, England, Italy, Sweden and the United States, and taking part in competitions. In 2017, they won the first prize in their category, "Mädchen und Jugendchöre, gleiche Stimmen, 12–22 Jahre" (Girls' and youth choirs, similar [high] voices, ages 12 to 22).
In February 2019, the choir sang a program of sacred contemporary music together with the women's choir Carpe Diem at Limburg Cathedral. They performed works by Ola Gjeilo, Thomas Jennefelt, Arvo Pärt, Imant Raminsh, Enjott Schneider and Joan Szymko, some of which were accompanied by cello and marimba.
Among the former choir members is soprano Julia Kleiter.
# Qaleh-ye Abbasabad, Fars

Qaleh-ye Abbasabad (Persian: قلعه عباس آباد) is a neighborhood in the city of Hamashahr in Hamaijan District of Sepidan County, Fars province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, Qaleh-ye Abbasabad's population was 113 in 29 households, when it was a village in Hamaijan Rural District.
After the census, the villages of Damqanat, Deh Bid, Dehpagah, Qaleh-ye Abbasabad, and Qaleh-ye Tiskhani merged to form the new city of Hamashahr.
# Oratório Recreativo Clube

Oratório Recreativo Clube, commonly referred to as Oratório (Brazilian Portuguese:), is a Brazilian football club based in Macapá, Amapá. The team competes in the Campeonato Amapaense, the top division in the Amapá state football league system.
The men's team won the Campeonato Amapaense once. The women's team competed twice in the Copa do Brasil de Futebol Feminino.

## History

The club was founded on August 15, 1969, by member of the Nossa Senhora da Conceição Church community.

## Stadium

Like other clubs in the state, Oratório does not have its own stadium. Since 2017, all football matches in Amapá are held at Zerão. Up until 2014, the team also played at Glicerão, which is currently undergoing renovation.

## Men's team

Oratório was the first club from Amapá to compete in the Copa São Paulo de Juniores, participating in 2001. They won the Campeonato Amapaense in 2012.

## Women's team

They competed in the Copa do Brasil de Futebol Feminino in 2009, when they were eliminated by Pinheirense, and in 2010, when they were eliminated by Roraima

## Honours
### State

* Campeonato Amapaense
** Winners (1): 2012
** Runners-up (1): 2024
* Campeonato Amapaense Segunda Divisão
** Winners (3): 1976, 1977, 1979

### Women's Football

* Campeonato Amapaense de Futebol Feminino
** Winners (8): 2009, 2010, 2011, 2015, 2016, 2018, 2019 2020
# Ban Na district

Ban Na (Thai: บ้านนา, pronounced) is a district (amphoe) in the western part of Nakhon Nayok province, central Thailand.

## History

In the Ayutthaya era, the people of Tambon Pa Kha were elephant catchers (กองโพนช้าง), catching wild elephants to use as war elephants.
Ban Na district was established in 1903, then named Tha Chang District. As the original district office in Tambon Bang O was inconvenient for transportation and prone for flooding, the government moved the office to Suwannason Road in 1965.
When Nakhon Nayok Province was downgraded, the government transferred Ban Na District to Saraburi province. It became a district of Nakhon Nayok again on 9 May 1946 when the province was re-established.

## Geography

Neighboring districts are (from the east clockwise) Mueang Nakhon Nayok and Ongkharak of Nakhon Nayok Province; Nong Suea of Pathum Thani province; and Wihan Daeng and Kaeng Khoi of Saraburi province.
The important water resource is Khlong Ban Na.

## Administration
### Provincial government

The district is divided into 10 subdistricts (tambons), which are further subdivided into 116 villages (mubans).
| No. | Subdistrict | Thai | Villages | Pop. |
| 1. | Ban Na | บ้านนา | 11 | 8,077 |
| 2. | Ban Phrao | บ้านพร้าว | 12 | 5,221 |
| 3. | Ban Phrik | บ้านพริก | 12 | 10,724 |
| 4. | Asa | อาษา | 8 | 2,509 |
| 5. | Thonglang | ทองหลาง | 8 | 5,053 |
| 6. | Bang O | บางอ้อ | 14 | 4,058 |
| 7. | Phikun Ok | พิกุลออก | 12 | 5,719 |
| 8. | Pa Kha | ป่าขะ | 13 | 8,749 |
| 9. | Khao Phoem | เขาเพิ่ม | 16 | 8,198 |
| 10. | Si Ka-ang | ศรีกะอาง | 10 | 10,513 |
| | | Total | 116 | 68,821 |

### Local government

As of December 2023 there are two subdistrict municipalitues (thesaban tambon). Ban Na covers halve of Ban Na subdistrict and a small part of Phikun Ok subdistrict. Phikun Ok covers the remaining part of Phikun Ok subdistrict. There are nine subdistrict administrative organizations - SAO (ongkan borihan suan tambon - o bo toh).
| Ban Na subdistrict mun. | Pop. | website |
| Ban Na | 4,283 | banna-city.go.th |
| Phikun Ok | 348 | |
| Total | 4,631 | |
| Subdistrict municipality | Pop. | website |
| Phikun Ok | 5,371 | pikulook.go.th |
| Subdistrict adm.org.-SAO | Pop. | website |
| Ban Phrik | 10,724 | banprik.go.th |
| Si Ka-ang | 10,513 | srikaang.go.th |
| Pa Kha | 8,749 | pakha-banna.go.th |
| Khao Phoem | 8,198 | khaophoem.go.th |
| Ban Phrao | 5,221 | banpraow.go.th |
| Thonglang | 5,053 | thonglang.go.th |
| Bang O | 4,058 | bangor.go.th |
| Ban Na | 3,794 | bannanyk.go.th |
| Asa | 2,509 | arsa.go.th |
# Bataidari system

Bataidari system is a sharecropping, an agricultural practice where a landowner lends his land to another who spends money and labour, and in which the produce is shared by the owner and the tenant. it is prevalent in the state of Bihar in India where nearly 35% of cultivable land is under this system.

## History

The system was prevalent during British Raj in many parts of India, including fertile plains of Punjab, in other places the jotedar system was prevalent. Since most of the tenants were poor labourers they had to borrow money from moneylenders for cultivation, which perpetuated the cycle of poverty. Though land reforms were implemented across Bihar after independence through the Bataidari Act, but deemed exploitative against labourer and lead to violence, especially caste violence between labour communities and landowners. In the past, landforms have been demanded and even made a political plank in state assembly elections, especially by Left parties.
# St Martin's (Lambeth ward)

St Martin's is an electoral ward in the London Borough of Lambeth. The ward was originally created in 1978 and abolished in 2002. It was created again for the 2022 elections. It returned three councillors to Lambeth London Borough Council from 1978 to 2002 and two councillors since 2022.

## List of councillors

| Term | Councillor | Party | Party |
| 2022–present | Olga FitzRoy | | Labour Co-op |
| 2022–present | Saleha Jaffer | | Labour Co-op |

## Lambeth council elections since 2022
### 2022 election

The election took place on 5 May 2022.
2022 Lambeth London Borough Council election: St Martin's (2) :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour Co-op | Olga FitzRoy | 1,261 | 59.9 | |
| | Labour Co-op | Saleha Jaffer | 1,217 | 57.9 | |
| | Green | Cato Sandford | 462 | 22.0 | |
| | Green | Shâo-Lan Yuen | 405 | 19.3 | |
| | Conservative | Lee Rotherham | 230 | 10.9 | |
| | Conservative | Arthur Virgo | 226 | 10.7 | |
| | Liberal Democrats | Terry Curtis | 221 | 10.5 | |
| | Liberal Democrats | Jackie Harper-Wray | 185 | 8.8 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 2,161 | 29.9 | |
| | Labour Co-op win (new boundaries) | Labour Co-op win (new boundaries) | Labour Co-op win (new boundaries) | Labour Co-op win (new boundaries) | Labour Co-op win (new boundaries) |
| | Labour Co-op win (new boundaries) | Labour Co-op win (new boundaries) | Labour Co-op win (new boundaries) | Labour Co-op win (new boundaries) | Labour Co-op win (new boundaries) |
*Saleha Jaffer was previously a councillor for St Leonards ward between 2014 and 2018.

## 1978–2002 Lambeth council elections
### 1998 election

The election took place on 7 May 1998.

### 1994 election

The election took place on 5 May 1994.

### 1990 election

The election took place on 3 May 1990.

### 1986 election

The election took place on 8 May 1986.

### 1982 election

The election took place on 6 May 1982.

### 1978 election

The election took place on 4 May 1978.
# St Mary's Roman Catholic Church, Lanark

St Mary's Church is a Roman Catholic church in Lanark, South Lanarkshire, Scotland.
The church building and presbytery are Category A listed buildings. Also listed in Category A is the L-shaped school building to the north of the west end of the church.
The entrance gates to the church grounds and the Sisters of Charity convent, which form part of the St Mary's Church site, are Category C listed buildings.
In September 2011, the two-storey Hall that stood on Ladyacre Road was badly damaged by fire and was later demolished.
# Anabarilius transmontanus

Anabarilius transmontanus is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Xenocyprididae, the East Asian minnows or sharpbellies. It is known from the Red River and Pearl River drainages in Yunnan, China; it is expected to occur in northern Vietnam. It can grow to 16 cm (6.3 in) total length, although it is commonly around 10 cm (3.9 in) standard length. It occurs in both rivers and lakes. The species is threatened by domestic and urban water pollution, habitat loss, and possibly non-native species.
# 1949 in South Africa

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
The following lists events that happened during 1949 in South Africa.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: King George VI.
* Governor-General and High Commissioner for Southern Africa: Gideon Brand van Zyl.
* Prime Minister: Daniel François Malan.
* Chief Justice: Ernest Frederick Watermeyer.

## Events
### January

* 13,14 – Durban riots against Indians

### June

* 29 – South Africa introduces its apartheid policy.

### July

* 1 – The Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act, 1949, Act No. 55 of 1949, is passed.

### October

* 30 – Ben Schoeman announces in Johannesburg that the NP would carry the apartheid policy through "notwithstanding what serious economic problems it might cause".

### November

* 1 – Seretse Khama and his British wife Ruth Williams Khama are declared forbidden in South Africa.

### December

* 16 – The Voortrekker Monument is officially inaugurated in Pretoria.

### Unknown date

* The University of Pretoria establishes the Graduate School of Management (GSM), the first MBA programme to be launched outside of North America.
* The South African Post Office begins to force Europeans and non-Europeans to stand in separate queues in post offices and serve them at different counters.

## Births

* 27 January – Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma, politician.
* 29 January – Eugene de Kock, South African Police colonel and assassin.
* 26 March – Rudi Koertzen, cricket umpire (d. 2022)
* 8 April – Fanie de Jager, operatic tenor.
* 12 April – Pravin Gordhan, national minister (d. 2024)
* 23 May – Estian Calitz, academic.
* 2 June – Michael Lapsley, Anglican priest and activist.
* 14 June – Niel Barnard, intelligence chief (d. 2025)
* 17 July – William C. Faure, film director. (d. 1994)
* 19 July – Kgalema Motlhanthe, politician, former President of South Africa.
* 23 July – Clive Rice, cricketer. (d. 2015)
* 21 October – Morne du Plessis, Springboks captain & rugby administrator.
* 24 November – Neall Ellis, helicopter pilot and mercenary.
* 28 November – Nosimo Balindlela, politician.

## Deaths

* 4 May – Hendrik Adolph Mulder, poet and Afrikaans literary critic.

## Railways
### Locomotives

* The South African Railways places the first of one hundred Class 24 2-8-4 Berkshire type branchline steam locomotives in service, most of them on the South West Africa System.

### Sport

7.1 Golf
* Bobby Locke tied with Harry Bradshaw (Ireland) both scored 283 (−5).Bobby Locke then won the 36 holes play-off by 12 shots. British Open championship. Royal St. Georges Golf Club. Sandwich. 6–9 July 1949.
7.2 Tennis
* Eric Sturgess & Sheila Summers became the South Africa's first Wimbledon champions when they beat John Bromwich (Australia) & Louis Brough (USA), 8–7, 9–11, 7–5, to win the mixed doubles final.
* Eric Sturgess was awarded the Helms Trophy as the best athlete of the African continent.
# Alabama Jazz Hall of Fame All-Stars

The Alabama Jazz Hall of Fame All-Stars (AJHoF All-Stars) is a working jazz ensemble, featuring some of the finest jazz musicians Alabama has to offer. This group is the faculty of the Jazz Education Department of the Alabama Jazz Hall of Fame and the faculty of the Fun With Jazz Educational Program, begun through the Alys Stephens Center (2006), and now administered by the Alabama Jazz Hall of Fame (2007). Through these educational programs, the AJHoF Allstars, directed by Ray Reach, seek to fulfill a mission "...to foster, encourage, educate, and cultivate a general appreciation of the medium of jazz music as a legitimate, original and distinctive art form indigenous to America. Its mission is also to preserve a continued and sustained program of illuminating the contribution of the State of Alabama through its citizens, environment, demographics and lore, and perpetuating the heritage of jazz music" (excerpt from the mission statement of the Alabama Jazz Hall of Fame).
The AJHoF All-Stars perform at schools, civic events and jazz festivals throughout the southeast. The members of the AJHoF All-Stars also participate in numerous other active performing groups, including the Magic City Jazz Orchestra, the Night Flight Big Band, Ray Reach and Friends and Cleveland Eaton and the Alabama All-Stars.
# ZNFX1-AS1

In molecular biology, ZNFX1 antisense RNA 1, also known as ZNFX1-AS1 or ZFAS1, is a long non-coding RNA. It is expressed in the lung and mammary gland in mice. Its expression is down-regulated in mammary tumours, it may function as a tumour suppressor gene. The ZNFX1-AS1 gene hosts three snoRNA genes (SNORD12, SNORD12B and SNORD12C)).
# Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium

The Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium is an important multilingual collection of Eastern Christian texts with over 600 volumes published since its foundation in 1903 by the Catholic University of Louvain in Belgium and the Catholic University of America in Washington, D.C. The present Secretary General is Andrea Schmidt of the University of Louvain (UCLouvain) in Louvain-la-Neuve.
240 volumes are devoted to Syriac writers. There are also sections for works in Arabic, Coptic, Ethiopic, Armenian and Georgian. The total number of publications also includes just over a hundred monographs.
The series is characterized by publications presenting a critical edition of the original texts in one volume and a translation in a second volume (there are some exceptions though).
The series was originally printed by different printing offices, each specialized in representing ancient characters in print. Today, only one of these specialized printers is responsible for the production and publication of the volumes. Peeters (formerly known as 'Orientaliste'), who established also an international academic publishing house in the 20th century, is responsible for the distribution of the books. All volumes of the series are still in print.
# Udarata Menike

Udarata Menike (Sinhala: උඩරට මැණිකේ, lit. 'Up-Country Maiden') is a daytime passenger train operated by the Sri Lanka Railways that runs between Colombo and Badulla in the Highlands. Introduced in 1956, it is one of the first Named-passenger trains and one of the most popular trains among tourists and even among railfans in Sri Lanka.
The end-to-end travel time of the route is 10–12 hours as the train climbs through the steep mountainous terrain during most of its journey.

## History

Named-Express Passenger trains were introduced in Ceylon in 1955 with the arrival of Class M1 and Class M2 locomotives from the United Kingdom and Canada respectively. The first train to be inaugurated was Ruhunu Kumari Express from Colombo to the Southern Sri Lankan cities of Galle and Matara. This train became very popular among Sri Lankans so the Government decided to introduce two other long-distance trains; Udarata Menike Express from Colombo to Badulla and Yarl Devi Express from Colombo to the Northern cities of Anuradhapura and Jaffna.
Both Udarata Menike and Yarl Devi made their maiden journeys on 23 April 1956. Udarata Menike was numbered No. 15 for the Upward journey to Badulla and No. 16 for the Downward journey to Colombo.
In the 1960s, The Badulla-bound train departed Colombo at 9.30 a.m., while the Colombo-bound train left Badulla at 5.45 a.m. The Train was equipped with 9 Carriages with an Observation Saloon attached to the end.

## Services

The train offers three classes: 1st, 2nd and 3rd, The latter sometimes gets crowded and carries only basic facilities. The train also includes a buffet car.
The observation saloon has been removed since the introduction of Class S12 DMUs.

## Route

The Udarata Menike travels the length of Sri Lanka Railways' Main Line through the hill country.
The Udarata Menike begins its eastbound service at Colombo Fort Station and runs east and north past the centres of Ragama, Gampaha, Veyangoda, and Polgahawela. At Rambukkana, the Main Line begins its steep climb into the hills of the upcountry. Between Balana and Kadugannawa, the track clings to the side of sheer cliffs, providing views of Batalegala ('Bible' Rock). The train then continues its climb through the scenic tea country, connecting local market centres at Gampola, Nawalapitiya, and Hatton before reaching Nanu-Oya. This is the connection to the former colonial resort of Nuwara Eliya, still visited for its temperate climate, classic hotels, and British-style gardens. The Udarata Menika continues its ascent to the summit at Pattipola, 1,898 m (6,227 ft) above sea level, before descending past Bandarawela to Badulla railway station. In the upcountry, passengers can view the tea gardens, mountains, valleys, and waterfalls.

## Rolling stock

The service was run by M6 locomotives pulling Romanian-built ASTRA passenger coaches. This service is now carried out by Class S14 DMUs.
# Kapra

Kapra is a neighbourhood of Hyderabad city. It falls under Medchal-Malkajgiri district of the Indian state of Telangana and serves as the mandal headquarters of Kapra mandal in Keesara revenue division. It is administered as Circle No. 1 of Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation. There are six wards under this circle i.e., Kapra (1), Dr AS Rao Nagar (2), Cherlapally (3), Meerpet HB Colony (4), Mallapur (5) and Nacharam (6).

## Geography

Kapra is located at 17°29′N 78°34′E﻿ / ﻿17.49°N 78.57°E﻿ / 17.49; 78.57.

## Revenue villages

Kapra mandal has three Revenue villages which are:-
* Cherlapally
* Jawaharnagar
* Kapra
# Institute of Design and Construction

Institute of Design and Construction (IDC), was a non-profit technical college located in Brooklyn, New York, that was founded in 1947 and closed in 2015. Its founder was Vito P. Battista, a first generation Italian-American architect, civic leader and member of the New York State Assembly from 1969 to 1974.
IDC offered Associate degrees in Building Construction Technology and Architectural Design Technology as well as a variety of continuing and professional education courses. It was registered by the New York State Department of Education, but due to declining student enrollment and accreditation concerns by the New York State Board of Regents, IDC voluntarily ceased operations in July 2015.
# InterDistrict Downtown School

The Fine Arts Interdisciplinary Resource (FAIR) School for Arts is a magnet high school located in downtown Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States. It is a part of Minneapolis Public Schools and educates students in grades 9-12.