# Public sector banks in India

Public Sector Undertakings (Banks) are a major type of government-owned banks in India, where a majority stake (i.e., more than 50%) is held by the Ministry of Finance (India) of the Government of India or State Ministry of Finance of various State Governments of India. The shares of these government-owned-banks are listed on stock exchanges. Their main objective is social welfare.

## History
### Emergence of public sector banks

The Central Government entered the banking business with the nationalization of the Imperial Bank of India in 1955. A 60% stake was taken by the Reserve Bank of India and the new bank was named State Bank of India. The seven other state banks became subsidiaries of the new bank in 1959 when the State Bank of India (Subsidiary Banks) Act, 1959 was passed by the Union government.
The next major government intervention in banking took place on 19 July 1969 when the Indira government nationalised an additional 14 major banks. The total deposits in the banks nationalised in 1969 amounted to 50 crores. This move increased the presence of nationalised banks in India, with 84% of the total branches coming under government control.

### Before the economic liberalisation

The share of the bank sector held by the public banks continued to grow through the 1980s, and by 1991 public sector banks accounted for 90% of the banking sector. A year later, in March, 1992, the combined total of branches held by public sector banks was 60,646 across India, and deposits accounted for ₹1,10,000 crore. The majority of these banks was profitable, with only one out of the 21 public sector banks reporting a loss.

### Liberalisation in the 2000s

The nationalised banks reported a combined loss of ₹1160 crores. However, the early 2000s saw a reversal of this trend, such that in 2002-03 a profit of ₹7780 crores by the public sector banks: a trend that continued throughout the decade, with a ₹16856 crore profit in 2008–2009.

### Mergers

The consolidation of SBI-associated banks started first by State Bank of India merging its subsidiary State Bank of Saurashtra with itself on 13 August 2008. Thereafter it merged State Bank of Indore with itself on August 27, 2010. The remaining subsidiaries, namely the State Bank of Bikaner & Jaipur, State Bank of Hyderabad, State Bank of Mysore, State Bank of Patiala and State Bank of Travancore, and Bharatiya Mahila Bank were merged with State Bank of India with effect from 1 April 2017.
* Vijaya Bank and Dena Bank were merged into Bank of Baroda in 2018.
* IDBI Bank was categorised as a private bank with effect from January 2019 on account of LIC acquiring the shares from GoI.
On 30 August 2019, Minister of Finance Nirmala Sitharaman announced the government's plan for further consolidation of public sector banks. The mergers took effect from 1 April 2020.
* Allahabad Bank was merged into Indian Bank.
* Oriental Bank of Commerce and United Bank of India were merged into Punjab National Bank.
* Andhra Bank and Corporation Bank were merged into Union Bank of India.
* Syndicate Bank was merged into Canara Bank.

## Public Sector Undertakings (Banks)

Currently there are 12 Nationalised Banks in India (Government Shareholding power is denoted in %, as of 30 September 2024):
* State Bank of India (57.51%)
* Bank of Baroda (63.97%)
* Union Bank of India (74.76%)
* Punjab National Bank (70.08%)
* Canara Bank (62.93%)
* Punjab & Sind Bank (98.25%)
* Indian Bank (73.84%)
* Bank of Maharashtra (86.46%)
* Bank of India (73.38%)
* Central Bank of India (93.08%)
* Indian Overseas Bank (96.38%)
* UCO Bank (95.39%)
Presently there are 43 Regional Rural Banks in India Since 1 April 2020.
Andhra Pradesh
* Andhra Pragathi Grameena Bank
* Chaitanya Godavari Gramin Bank
* Saptagiri Gramin Bank
Arunachal Pradesh
* Arunachal Pradesh Rural Bank
Assam
* Assam Gramin Vikash Bank
Bihar
* Dakshin Bihar Gramin Bank
* Uttar Bihar Gramin Bank
Chhattisgarh
* Chhattisgarh Rajya Gramin Bank
Gujarat
* Baroda Gujarat Gramin Bank
* Saurashtra Gramin Bank
Haryana
* Sarva Haryana Gramin Bank
Himachal Pradesh
* Himachal Pradesh Gramin Bank
Jammu and Kashmir
* J&K Grameen Bank
* Ellaquai Dehati Bank
Jharkhand
* Jharkhand Rajya Gramin Bank
Karnataka
* Karnataka Gramin Bank
* Karnataka Vikas Grameena Bank
Kerala
* Kerala Gramin Bank
Madhya Pradesh
* Madhyanchal Gramin Bank
* Madhya Pradesh Gramin Bank
Maharashtra
* Maharashtra Gramin Bank
* Vidharbha Konkan Gramin Bank
Manipur
* Manipur Rural Bank
Meghalaya
* Meghalaya Rural Bank
Mizoram
* Mizoram Rural Bank
Nagaland
* Nagaland Rural Bank
Odisha
* Odisha Gramya Bank
* Utkal Grameen Bank
Puducherry
* Puduvai Bharathiar Grama Bank
Punjab
* Punjab Gramin Bank
Rajasthan
* Baroda Rajasthan Kshetriya Gramin Bank
* Rajasthan Marudhara Gramin Bank
Tamil Nadu
* Tamil Nadu Grama Bank
Telangana
* Telangana Grameena Bank
* Andhra Pradesh Grameena Vikas Bank
Tripura
* Tripura Gramin Bank
Uttar Pradesh
* Aryavart Bank
* Prathama UP Gramin Bank
* Baroda UP Bank
Uttarakhand
* Uttarakhand Gramin Bank
West Bengal
* Paschim Banga Gramin Bank
* Bangiya Gramin Vikash Bank
* Uttarbanga Kshetriya Gramin Bank