OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Elephant garlic

Elephant garlic (Allium ampeloprasum var. ampeloprasum) is a plant belonging to the onion genus and a cultivar of Allium ampeloprasum, the broadleaf wild leek. It has a tall, solid, flowering stalk, and flat leaves. The flavor is milder than garlic and can be eaten raw in salads, roasted, or sautéed, but is generally not a substitute for conventional garlic in cooking. It is sometimes confused with solo garlic.

## Cultivation and use

The mature bulb is broken up into cloves that are large with papery skins, and these are used for both culinary purposes and propagation. Also, much smaller corms with a hard shell grow on the outside of the bulb. Many gardeners often ignore these, but if they are planted, they produce a nonflowering plant in their first year, which has a solid bulb, essentially a single large clove. In their second year, this single clove then, like a normal bulb, divides into many separate cloves. While it may take an extra year, it is desirable to plant these small bulbils (several can be produced by each bulb) and increase the harvest.
Unlike many garlics, elephant garlic does not have to be harvested or divided each year, but can be ignored and left in the ground without much risk of rotting. The plant, if left alone, will spread into a clump with many flowering heads (one stalk and flower from each clove, once the bulb divides). These are often left in flower gardens as an ornament and to discourage pests. Once they get overcrowded, the plant may not do as well, and growth is stunted, with some rotting. Elephant garlic is not generally propagated by seeds.
Like regular garlic, elephant garlic can be roasted whole on the grill or baked in the oven, then used as a spread with butter on toast. Fresh elephant garlic contains mostly moisture and foams up like boiling potatoes, whether on the stove or in a glass dish in the oven. Drying in the basement for a few months reduces the moisture content and brings out a fuller flavor.

## Properties

When crushed and then analyzed using a DART ion source, elephant garlic has been shown to produce both allicin, found in garlic, and syn-propanethial-S-oxide (onion lachrymatory factor), found in onion and leek, but absent in garlic, consistent with the classification of elephant garlic as a closer relative of leek than of garlic.

## Cultivation

Elephant garlic can be planted at two different times of the year: spring and autumn. In warmer areas, it can be grown over winter for a late-spring harvest.
# Joseph Brannon Dooley

Joseph Brannon Dooley (December 13, 1889 – January 19, 1967) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas.

## Education and career

Born in San Angelo, Texas, Dooley received a Bachelor of Laws from the University of Texas School of Law in 1911. He was in private practice in Amarillo, Texas from 1911 to 1947, serving as President of the State Bar of Texas from 1944 to 1945.

## Federal judicial service

On January 8, 1947, Dooley was nominated by President Harry S. Truman to a seat on the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas vacated by Judge James Clifton Wilson. Dooley was confirmed by the United States Senate on July 8, 1947, and received his commission on July 9, 1947. He served as Chief Judge in 1959, and assumed senior status on October 1, 1966. Dooley served in that capacity until his death on January 19, 1967.
# George Donworth

George Donworth (November 26, 1861 – September 6, 1947) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Washington.

## Education and career

Donworth was born in Machias, Maine, the son of Patrick Enright Donworth and Mary Eliza Baker Donworth. He received an Artium Baccalaureus degree from Georgetown University in 1881, and read law to enter the bar in 1883. He was in private practice in Fort Fairfield, Maine from 1883 to 1888, and in Seattle, Washington Territory (State of Washington from November 11, 1889) from 1888 to 1909, serving as corporation counsel for Seattle from 1892 to 1894. He was a member of the Seattle School Board from 1907 to 1909.

## Federal judicial service

On May 8, 1909, Donworth was nominated by President William Howard Taft to a new seat on the United States District Court for the Western District of Washington created by 35 Stat. 686. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on May 18, 1909, and received his commission the same day. Donworth served in that capacity until his resignation on March 20, 1912.

## Later career and death

Donworth returned to private practice in Seattle from 1912 to 1918, when he entered the United States Army, serving until 1922. He thereafter remained in private practice in Seattle from 1922 until his death in that city on September 6, 1947. His son, Charles T. Donworth, later became a justice of the Washington Supreme Court.
# Allan Kuhn Grim

Allan Kuhn Grim (October 15, 1904 – December 7, 1965) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania.

## Education and career

Born in Kutztown, Pennsylvania, Grim received an Artium Baccalaureus degree from Swarthmore College in 1924 and a Bachelor of Laws from Harvard Law School in 1929. He was in private practice in Reading, Pennsylvania, from 1929 to 1949. He was Chairman of the Berks County, Pennsylvania Democratic Party Committee from 1940 to 1944.

## Federal judicial service

On October 21, 1949, Grim received a recess appointment from President Harry S. Truman to a new seat on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania created by 63 Stat. 493. Formally nominated to the same seat by President Truman on January 5, 1950, Grim was confirmed by the United States Senate on April 4, 1950, and received his commission on April 7, 1950. He assumed senior status due to a certified disability on November 1, 1961, serving in that capacity until his death on December 7, 1965, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
# Johnson Jay Hayes

Johnson Jay Hayes (January 23, 1886 – October 22, 1970) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Middle District of North Carolina.

## Education and career

Born in Purlear, North Carolina, Hayes received a Bachelor of Laws from Wake Forest University School of Law in 1909. He was in private practice in Wilkesboro, North Carolina from 1909 to 1915.He was prosecuting attorney of the 17th North Carolina Judicial District from 1915 to 1926. He was in private practice in Greensboro, North Carolina in 1927.

## Federal judicial service

Hayes received a recess appointment from President Calvin Coolidge on April 6, 1927, to the United States District Court for the Middle District of North Carolina, to a new seat authorized by 44 Stat. 1339. He was nominated to the same position by President Coolidge on December 6, 1927. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on January 9, 1928, and received his commission the same day. He assumed senior status on June 18, 1957. His service terminated on October 22, 1970, due to his death.
# Tassadia

Tassadia is a genus of plants in the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1844. It is native primarily to South America, with one species extending north into Central America, S Mexico, and Trinidad.

## Species

31 species are accepted:
* Tassadia aristata (Benth. ex E.Fourn.) Fontella - NW Brazil
* Tassadia berteroanum (Spreng.) W.D.Stevens - Suriname, Venezuela, N Brazil
* Tassadia burchellii E.Fourn. - Brazil
* Tassadia capitata W.D. Stevens - Bolivia, Brazil
* Tassadia castellanosii Fontella - Amazonas State in Venezuela
* Tassadia cordata Malme - Peru
* Tassadia decaisneana Miq. - Guyana, Suriname
* Tassadia decalepis (Turcz.) Liede & Meve – northern South America
* Tassadia emygdioi Fontella - Venezuela
* Tassadia fosteri (Morillo) Liede & Meve – Peru
* Tassadia geniculata Fontella - Brazil
* Tassadia grazielae Fontella - Peru, Bolivia
* Tassadia guanchezii (Morillo) Liede & Meve – southeastern Colombia to Venezuela (Amazonas) and northern Brazil
* Tassadia guianensis Decne. - Brazil, Ecuador, 3 Guianas
* Tassadia ivonae Morillo - Amazonas + Bolívar States in S Venezuela
* Tassadia kamaensis (Morillo) Morillo - Bolívar State in SE Venezuela
* Tassadia lanceolata Decne. – Brazil (Minas Gerais)
* Tassadia leptobotrys Decne. - Suriname, N Brazil
* Tassadia manarae (Morillo) Liede & Meve - Venezuela
* Tassadia martiana Decne. - Brazil
* Tassadia medinae (Morillo) Morillo - Venezuela, N Brazil
* Tassadia milanezii Fontella - Peru, NW Brazil
* Tassadia obovata Decne. - widespread from Veracruz + Trinidad south to Bolivia
* Tassadia ovalifolia (E.Fourn.) Fontella - Venezuela, N Brazil
* Tassadia pentalepis (Turcz.) Liede & Meve – northwestern Venezuela to northern Peru
* Tassadia propinqua Decne. - Venezuela, N Brazil, Guyana, Suriname
* Tassadia richardiana (Alain) Liede & Mangelsdorff – Cuba
* Tassadia rizzoana Fontella - N + NW Brazil
* Tassadia strica (E.Fourn.) Liede & Rapini - southeastern Colombia to Venezuela (Amazonas) and Brazil (Amazonas)
* Tassadia trailiana (Benth.) Fontella - Guyana, N Brazil, Amazonas State in Venezuela
* Tassadia valioi Fontella - Peru, Ecuador
# Vatairea

Vatairea is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It includes eight species of tall trees native to the tropical Americas, ranging from southern Mexico to Bolivia and southern Brazil. Seven species are native to northern South America, with the center of diversity in Amazonia. Vatairea lundellii ranges from southern Mexico to Panama. Most species grow in tropical rain forest, often in the inundated forests known as igapó and varzea, where they are emergent trees, growing above the forest canopy. V. macrocarpa grows in seasonally-dry forest, cerrado (savanna and woodland), and caatinga (scrub forest).
It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae. It was traditionally assigned to the tribe Dalbergieae, mainly on the basis of flower morphology; recent molecular phylogenetic analyses assigned Vatairea into an informal, monophyletic clade called the "vataireoids".
# Richard Hartshorne (judge)

Richard Hartshorne (February 29, 1888 – September 14, 1975) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey.

## Education and career

Born in Newark, New Jersey, Hartshorne received a Bachelor of Letters from Princeton University in 1909 and a Bachelor of Laws from Columbia Law School in 1912. He was in private practice in New Jersey from 1912 to 1931, also serving in the United States Naval Reserve as a Lieutenant, J.G., during World War I, and as a Special Assistant to the United States Attorney for the District of New Jersey in 1925. He was a Judge of the County Court in Newark from 1931 to 1951, and during that time was President of the New Jersey Interstate Commission on Crime from 1935 to 1943.

## Federal judicial service

On October 17, 1951, Hartshorne was nominated by President Harry S. Truman to a seat on the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey vacated by Judge Guy Leverne Fake. Hartshorne was confirmed by the United States Senate on October 19, 1951, and received his commission on October 20, 1951. He assumed senior status on October 29, 1961. Hartshorne served in that capacity until his death on September 14, 1975.
# Ted Cabot

Ted Cabot (February 5, 1917 – December 4, 1971) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida.

## Education and career

Born February 5, 1917, in Hobe Sound, Florida, Cabot served as Clerk of the Circuit Court for Broward County, Florida from 1945 to 1953. He received a Bachelor of Laws in 1953 from the University of Miami School of Law. He entered private practice in Fort Lauderdale, Florida from 1953 to 1959. He was a member of the Florida Senate from 1954 to 1958. He was a Judge of the Circuit Court in Broward County from 1959 to 1966.

## Federal judicial service

Cabot was nominated by President Lyndon B. Johnson on July 11, 1966, to the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida, to a new seat authorized by 80 Stat. 75. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on August 10, 1966, and received his commission on August 11, 1966. His service terminated on December 4, 1971, due to his death.

## Notable case

"It is a third irony that Ted Cabot, who as a state senator helped sponsor legislation to authorize Broward County's purchase of Colored Beach in 1955, would seven years later as Broward circuit judge effectively desegregate Broward's public beaches by denying the City of Fort Lauderdale's request to enjoin the wade-ins", according to William G. Crawford Jr.
# Mottled umber

The mottled umber (Erannis defoliaria) is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is common throughout much of the Palearctic region. The species was first described by Carl Alexander Clerck in 1759.

## Distribution

The species can be found in western Europe from northern Scandinavia to the Mediterranean, then east to the Caucasus, northern Iran, Russia, Russian Far East, and Ussuri.

## Description

The female of this species is wingless and rather spider-like and can be found on the trunks and stems of its larval food plants. She is white or yellow-and-black patched. The male is fully winged (wingspan 40–45 mm) and very variable. The ground colour of the forewing is pale yellow or light yellow ochre and suffused dark grey. The basal and distal fasciae are dark brown. The basal fascia is bordered on the inner side by a brown cloud; the distal fascia has a brown cloud on the outer edge. There is also a brown cloud along the costa. There are two dark brown oblong spots in the upper half of the terminal area. The hindwing is grey white with grey suffusion. There is a grey-black discal spot on both wings. There are numerous and significant deviations from this colour pattern and some specimens are very dark. Truly melanic forms are also frequent. As with the peppered moth, the darker forms tend to be prevalent in industrial areas.

## Biology

The adults have been recorded from September to December in the Great Britain and Ireland. Males are attracted to light. The egg is oval with very shallow, somewhat zigzag longitudinal ridges, a cell-pattern only discernible on high magnification and brownish yellow, without gloss. The larva is also variable from cream to dark brown and quite gaily coloured. It feeds on a wide variety of trees and shrubs (see list below) and can be a serious pest in orchards. The species overwinters as an egg.

### Larval food plants include,

* apple (Malus species)
* birch – silver (Betula pendula), downy (Betula pubescens)
* blackthorn (Prunus spinosa)
* dog rose (Rosa canina)
* elm (Ulmus species)
* field maple (Acer campestre)
* hawthorn – midland (Crataegus laevigata) common (Crataegus monogyna)
* hazel (Corylus avellana)
* hornbeam (Carpinus betulus)
* oak – sessile (Quercus petraea), pedunculate (Quercus robur)
* sallow – (Salix species) including goat (Salix caprea)
* Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis)
* sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa)
* sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus)

## Similar species

* Agriopis aurantiaria
* Agriopis marginaria

## Gallery

* Caterpillar
* Pupa
* Wingless female
* Illustration from John Curtis's British Entomology Volume 6
# Owen DeVol Cox

Owen DeVol Cox (March 20, 1910 – July 21, 1990) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas.

## Education and career

Born in Joplin, Missouri, Cox received a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Kansas in 1931 and a Bachelor of Laws from the University of Kansas School of Law in 1932. He was in private practice in Corpus Christi, Texas from 1934 to 1942. He was an assistant city attorney of Corpus Christi in 1942, and an assistant state attorney general of Texas in the same year, becoming city attorney of Corpus Christi from 1943 to 1944. He was in the United States Army during the later years of World War II, from March 1944 to November 1945, and became a staff sergeant. He was again city attorney of Corpus Christi from 1945 to 1946, thereafter returning to his private practice there until 1970.

## Federal judicial service

On October 7, 1970, Cox was nominated by President Richard Nixon to a new seat on the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas, which was created by 84 Stat. 294. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on November 25, 1970, and received his commission on December 1, 1970. He assumed senior status on March 20, 1981. Cox served in that capacity until his death on July 21, 1990, in Corpus Christi.
# Richard Paul Matsch

Richard Paul Matsch (June 8, 1930 – May 26, 2019) was an American judge who served as Senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Colorado.

## Education and career

Matsch was born in Burlington, Iowa and graduated from Burlington High School. He earned his Artium Baccalaureus degree from the University of Michigan in 1951, and his Juris Doctor from the University of Michigan Law School in 1953. He was admitted to the Iowa bar in July 1953.
He served in the United States Army from 1953 to 1955, where he performed counterintelligence duties in Korea after hostilities ended. In June 1955, he was a private first class. He was an attorney in private practice in Denver, Colorado from 1956 to 1959. He was an Assistant United States Attorney of the District of Colorado from 1959 to 1961. He was a deputy city attorney of City and County of Denver, Colorado from 1961 to 1963. He was in private practice in Denver from 1963 to 1965. He was a Referee in Bankruptcy for the District of Colorado from 1965 to 1973, and thereafter served as a United States Bankruptcy Judge for the District of Colorado from 1973 to 1974.

## Federal judicial service

Matsch was nominated by President Richard Nixon on January 31, 1974, to a seat on the United States District Court for the District of Colorado vacated by Judge Olin Hatfield Chilson. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on March 1, 1974, and received his commission on March 8, 1974. He served as Chief Judge from 1994 to 2000. He assumed senior status on July 1, 2003.

## Notable cases

Matsch presided over the trial of Oklahoma City bombing defendants Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols.
Matsch was also the judge in a lawsuit (Phillips et al. vs. Lucky Gunner) in Denver where Sandy and Lonnie Phillips, whose daughter, Jessica Ghawi, was one of 12 people killed in the 2012 Aurora, Colorado, shooting. Matsch dismissed the case and ordered that Sandy and Lonnie Phillips pay $220,000 in legal costs.
# Acartauchenius scurrilis

Acartauchenius scurrilis is a species of sheet weaver found in the Palearctic. It was described by O.P.-Cambridge in 1872.
# Buglossoides

Buglossoides is a genus consisting of 15 species of annual or perennial herbs, native to Europe and Asia. They grow naturally in habitats ranging from sunny scrub to rocky slopes and woodland areas. These plants are covered in fine bristles or hairs. The stems are upright or sprawling, branched or unbranched, with simple oval to lance-shaped leaves. The small funnel-shaped flowers have flaring lobes and are usually blue or white. Perennial species that are rhizomatous can become invasive and difficult where conditions are suitable.

## Cultivation

They are suitable for wild and woodland gardens. Grow this plant in moist well-drained soil that is neutral to alkaline. Propagate from seed, cuttings or by division.

## Species

Six species are accepted.
* Buglossoides arvensis (L.) I.M.Johnst.
* Buglossoides czernjajevii (Klokov & Des.-Shost.) Czerep.
* Buglossoides incrassata (Guss.) I.M.Johnst.
* Buglossoides minima (Moris) R.Fern.
* Buglossoides rochelii (Friv.) Stoyanov, Mátis & Sennikov
* Buglossoides tenuiflora (L.f.) I.M.Johnst.

### Formerly placed here

* Aegonychon calabrum (Ten.) ined. (as Buglossoides calabra (Ten.) I.M.Johnst.)
* Aegonychon purpurocaeruleum (L.) Holub (as Buglossoides purpurocaerulea (L.) I.M.Johnst.)
* Aegonychon zollingeri (DC.) Holub (as Buglossoides zollingeri (DC.) I.M.Johnst)
# Picea obovata

Picea obovata, the Siberian spruce, is a spruce native to Siberia, from the Ural Mountains east to Magadan Oblast, and from the Arctic tree line south to the Altay Mountains in northwestern Mongolia.
It is a medium-sized evergreen tree growing to 15–35 m tall, and with a trunk diameter of up to 1.5 m, and a conical crown with drooping branchlets. The shoots are orange-brown, with variably scattered to dense pubescence. The leaves are needle-like, 1–2 cm long, rhombic in cross-section, shiny green to grayish-green with inconspicuous stomatal lines; the leaves subtending a bud are distinctively angled out at a greater angle than the rest of the leaves (a character shared by only two or three other spruces). The cones are cylindric-conic, 5–10 cm long and 1.5–2 cm broad, green or purple, maturing glossy brown 4–6 months after pollination, and have stiff, smoothly rounded scales. The specific name obovata means "egg-shaped."
It is an important timber tree in Russia, the wood being used for general construction and paper making. The leaves are used to make spruce beer.
Siberian spruce cone-scales are used as food by the caterpillars of the tortrix moth Cydia illutana.
Due to their hardness and flexibility, planks made from untreated siberian spruce are the material of choice for the surfaces of modern world-class velodromes.

## Taxonomy and systematics

Siberian spruce and Norway spruce (Picea abies) have turned out to be extremely similar genetically and might be considered two closely related subspecies of P. abies.
Siberian spruce hybridises extensively with Norway spruce where the two species (or subspecies) meet in northeastern Europe; trees over a broad area from extreme northeast Norway and Sweden, northern Finland east to the Ural Mountains are classified as the hybrid Picea × fennica (Regel) Komarov (or P. abies subsp. ×fennica, if the two taxa are considered subspecies); they differ from typical P. obovata from east of the Urals in having cones with less smoothly rounded, often triangular-pointed, scales.
# Emamzadeh Abdol Aziz

Emamzadeh Abdol Aziz (Persian: امامزاده عبدالعزيز) is a village in, and the capital of, Emamzadeh Abdol Aziz Rural District of the Central District of Harand County, Isfahan province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 2,297 in 591 households, when it was in Jolgeh District of Isfahan County. The following census in 2011 counted 2,535 people in 750 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 2,493 people in 816 households. It was the most populous village in its rural district.
In 2021, the district was separated from the county in the establishment of Harand County and renamed the Central District.