OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tei Junsoku

Tei Junsoku (程順則) (1663–1734), or Cheng Shunze in Chinese, was a Confucian scholar and government official of the Ryūkyū Kingdom. He has been described as being "in an unofficial sense... the 'minister of education'", and is particularly famous for his contributions to scholarship and education in Okinawa and Japan. Holding ueekata rank in the Ryukyuan government, he served at times in his career as magistrate of both Nago and Kumemura, and as a member of the Sanshikan, the elite council of three chief advisors to the king. He is sometimes known as the "Sage of Nago" (名護聖人).
It was standard at the time for members of Ryūkyū's aristocratic class to have two names. "Tei Junsoku" was his Chinese-style name, while "Nago Ueekata Chōbun" (名護 親方 寵文), incorporating his domain and rank, was his Yamato or Japanese-style name.

## Life and career

Tei Junsoku was born in Kumemura, the Okinawan center of classical Chinese learning, in 1663. He first journeyed to China in 1683 and stayed there for four years, studying the Confucian classics, among other subjects, just as many others raised and educated in the scholar-bureaucrat system in Kumemura did over the course of the kingdom's history. He would return to China several times during his career, serving as interpreter and in other roles as a member of official missions from the kingdom.
In 1714, he accompanied royal princes Yonagusuku and Kin in the kingdom's official tribute mission to Edo (琉球江戸上り, Ryūkyū Edo nobori), the seat of Japan's Tokugawa shogunate. While there, he met with a number of the top Confucian scholars in Tokugawa Japan, including Arai Hakuseki, chief advisor to the shōgun, who is known to have had a particular interest in the exotic Ryūkyū Kingdom, Ogyū Sorai, and Sōrai's student Dazai Shundai. As a result of this meeting, Hakuseki would go on to write a History of the Southern Islands (南島史, nantōshi) in 1719; Shundai would likewise include comments about the Ryūkyū Kingdom and its relationship to Satsuma han in his works.
As magistrate of Kumemura, Junsoku oversaw in 1718 the establishment of the Meirindō, a school for study of the Chinese classics, on the grounds of the village's Confucian temple. The Meirindō quickly grew into the chief center for Chinese learning in the kingdom, and would later become the first public school in Okinawa prefecture. A stele dedicated to Junsoku stands in the rebuilt and relocated Confucian temple today.
Some time shortly thereafter, Junsoku presented to the shōgun, Tokugawa Yoshimune, via Satsuma, a copy of Six Courses in Morals (六諭衍義, rikuyuengi), a volume of Confucian maxims he compiled himself. A version annotated by Ogyū Sōrai and translated from the Chinese by shogunal advisor Muro Kyūsō would be reproduced and distributed and used as an element of textbooks in terakoya (temple schools) and later in public schools in Japan into the early 20th century.
# Former United States Post Office Building (Fairfield, Iowa)

The Former US Post Office Building is a historic building located in Fairfield, Iowa, [United States. The two-story, brick, Italianate structure was built in 1876 by James F. Wilson. It was the first building in Fairfield built specifically for the federal government. In 1865 Wilson, helped to establish and was the president of the First National Bank in Fairfield. He also built several store fronts as investments, including the immediately adjacent Wilson Building. By the time this building was constructed Wilson had been a three-term Republican congressman representing Iowa's 1st congressional district. Seven years after this building was constructed, he began the first of two terms in the United States Senate. At that time, the post office typically rented buildings for its use. The historic significance of this building reflects Wilson's political connections in the federal government. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.
# Tanya Walton Pratt

Tanya Marie Walton Pratt (born December 14, 1959) is the chief United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Indiana.

## Early life and education

Born in Indianapolis, Indiana, Pratt graduated from Cathedral High School, then went on to earn a Bachelor of Arts degree from Spelman College in 1981 and a Juris Doctor from Howard University School of Law in 1984.

## Career

In 1981 she was a security guard at Brink's in Atlanta, Georgia. In 1982 she was a summer intern for the center township assessor's office in Indianapolis, Indiana. From 1986 to 1991 she was a deputy public defender for Marion County, Indiana. From 1993 to 1996 she was a pro tempore judge for the Marion County Superior Court. From 1984 until 1992, Pratt worked as an associate attorney for the Moss & Walton law firm in Indianapolis. From 1992 until 1996, Pratt was with the same firm with the title of attorney. In 1997, Pratt became a judge in Marion County, Indiana, working in the Criminal Division and presiding over major felony matters from 1997 until 2008. She was assigned to Marion County's probate court in 2009, and served there from 2009 until 2010.

### Federal judicial service

In March 2009, Pratt expressed her interest in a federal judgeship to the staff of Indiana Senator Evan Bayh. After interviewing with representatives from the United States Department of Justice and the Office of the White House Counsel, Pratt was nominated by President Barack Obama to the judgeship on January 20, 2010. Pratt filled the vacancy that was created by Judge David F. Hamilton, who was elevated to the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit. The Senate confirmed Pratt by a 95–0 vote on June 15, 2010. She received her commission the same day. Pratt is the first African American federal judge in Indiana's history. She became chief judge on March 20, 2021. With her swearing in, she became the first African-American chief judge of the Southern District of Indiana.

### Notable rulings

* In 2016, she ruled against Governor Mike Pence's order to cut federally allocated funds for the resettlement of Syrian refugees in Indiana.
* In 2018, she ruled against a pregnant woman who was mauled by a police dog because she was not the intended target.

### Notable cases

* U.S. v. Jared Fogle, Case No. 1:15-cr-159 (2015)
# Hearne Academy

Hearne Academy, founded in 1881, was a school for African Americans during the post-Reconstruction era in Hearne, Texas. In 1896 it had 75 students and five teachers. It was renamed and relocated in 1909 to become Fort Worth Industrial and Mechanical College in Fort Worth, Texas. The new college was modeled after Tuskegee Institute, but it struggled financially and closed in 1929.
The school was supported by Baptist organizations. It offered elementary through secondary, college preparatory, and industrial classes.
R. J. Moore, a black member of the Texas House of Representatives from Washington County from 1883 to 1888, studied at Hearne Academy. Major J. Johnson was its president in 1916. Elizabeth Stumm, a teacher and writer who was married to a missionary priest, taught at the school. She was African American.

## Alumni

* Alexander Asberry, state legislator
* Robert J. Moore, state legislator
# Clark County Court House (Kentucky)

The Clark County Court House is a Greek Revival courthouse in downtown Winchester, Kentucky, United States.
Built in 1853, it is the fourth building on this site, and still houses the Circuit Courtroom and Family Courtroom for the Administrative Office of the Courts.
The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.
It is the centerpiece of the Winchester Downtown Commercial District, also NRHP-listed.
# Timothy Kitson

Sir Timothy Peter Geoffrey Kitson (28 January 1931 – 18 May 2019) was a British Conservative politician who was Member of Parliament for Richmond, North Yorkshire. He was first elected at the 1959 general election, and stood down at the 1983 general election.

## Background

Kitson was born in Leeds, the son of Geoffrey H. and Kathleen Kitson. His family ran a locomotive manufacturing company which went into receivership during his childhood. He was educated at Charterhouse and the Royal Agricultural College, Cirencester. He farmed in Australia from 1949 to 1951.
Kitson married Diana Mary "Sally" Fattorini in 1959; the couple had two daughters and one son.

## Political career

From 1954 to 1957, Kitson served as a councillor on Thirsk Rural District Council, and from 1957 to 1961 on North Riding County Council. In 1959, he was elected to Parliament for Richmond, North Yorkshire, after Thomas Dugdale was elevated to a peerage. He acted as joint honorary secretary of the Conservative parliamentary committee on agriculture, fisheries and food from 1965 to 1966 and a Parliamentary Private Secretary to the then Prime Minister Edward Heath from 1970 to 1974. He showed no interest in promotion to higher office, and kept a relatively low profile.
In 1964 and 1965, Kitson supported the Labour MP Sydney Silverman's successful 'Murder (Abolition of Death Penalty) Bill'. He opposed abolition in the form finalised in 1969, however. Kitson received a knighthood in Heath's resignation honours list in 1974.
Kitson was part of Heath's campaign team in the 1975 Conservative Party leadership election, though when Heath failed to surpass Margaret Thatcher in the first round, it fell upon Kitson to inform him of his loss. Uncomfortable with the direction the party took under Thatcher, Kitson stood down from parliament at the 1983 general election. He was a staunch defender of Heath's legacy for the rest of his life.

## Later life

After leaving parliament, Kitson was chairman of the Provident Financial Group from 1983 to 1995, and of the Halifax Building Society from 1995 to 1998.
Kitson lived in Middleham, North Yorkshire, in retirement, where he died on 18 May 2019, aged 88.
# Salva (India)

The Salva or Salvi tribe is mentioned in Late Vedic texts (such as the Jaiminiya Brahmana) is a tribe that invaded Kurukshetra and defeated the Kuru kingdom, probably c. 900 BCE. The prior history of the Salva tribe is obscure, although they appear to have been associated with the Trigarta kingdom and the Punjab region. After invading the Kuru kingdom, the Salvas settled along the Yamuna river and the Alwar region of Rajasthan (near the Matsya kingdom), and by the end of the Vedic period they had eventually adopted Vedic culture as they coalesced with the remaining Kurus and the Surasena mahajanapada. A passage in the Karna Parva of the Mahabharata praises the Salvas for following the "eternal law of righteousness" but also says that they "need full instruction," unlike the more perceptive Kurus and Panchalas who can "gather the sense from half-expressed words".
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 1266

United Nations Security Council resolution 1266, adopted unanimously on 4 October 1999, after recalling all previous resolutions on Iraq, including resolutions 986 (1995), 1111 (1997), 1129 (1997), 1143 (1997), 1153 (1998), 1175 (1998), 1210 (1998) and 1242 (1999) concerning the Oil-for-Food Programme, the Council increased the limit on the amount of oil Iraq could export to 3.04 billion United States dollars for the current 180-day period which began on 25 May 1999.
The Security Council was determined to improve the humanitarian situation in Iraq and, acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, increased the limit of oil that Iraq could export beyond the prior authorised limit, which had previously been US$5.26 billion within a 180-day period.
# All Saints Cathedral (Milwaukee)

All Saints Cathedral is a historic Episcopal cathedral in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The cathedral as an ecclesiastical entity dates from 1867, when Jackson Kemper, the first bishop of Wisconsin, and his coadjutor William Armitage, were deeded the assets of a small mission church in downtown Milwaukee and renamed it "All Saints Pro-Cathedral." The cathedral moved to its present campus on Juneau Avenue in 1868, buying a wooden building at one end of the block, then, in 1872, purchasing a church building at the other end that came up for sale. All Saints was the "see," or seat, of the Bishop of Wisconsin until 1886; from then until 2023, it was the bishopric seat of the Diocese of Milwaukee. With the merger of that diocese with those of Fond du Lac and Eau Claire, All Saints is again a historic cathedral parish within the Episcopal Diocese of Wisconsin.
The Gothic Revival church building was designed by E. Townsend Mix, a noted Milwaukee architect, and constructed as Olivet Congregational Church in 1868. The building was sold to the Episcopal diocese in 1871 when the Olivet congregation faced bankruptcy, and was consecrated as a cathedral in 1898.
The complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.
The cathedral complex, which includes the church, an attached guild hall and nearby bishop's manse, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and was designated a Milwaukee City Landmark in 1973. The tower and steeple, approximately 200 feet tall, houses a bronze bell cast in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1867 one year before the church was built. It measures almost 40 inches in diameter at the mouth, weighs approximately 1,200 pounds and is tuned to an A. Currently, the cathedral is raising money to hang an additional five bells, tuned to F, E-flat, D, C, and B-flat. All bells will be rung by a computerized external striker, and the pre-existing bell can also be swung to ring it. Since renovation in the 1950s the steeple cross is mounted out-of-line with the facade, slightly angled towards Lake Michigan.
In the liturgical "east end" of the sanctuary, elevated on a triple-step dais of white marble, stands the high altar and triptych presented as a memorial gift to the cathedral in 1922 during the tenure of Dean Charles S. Hutchinson. The Sienna marble altar and triptych was designed and built by Eugene W. Mason, Jr. of New York City, and is of Italian Gothic styling. Embossed in the bronze door of the tabernacle is the Agnus Dei, the Lamb of God, signifying the sacrificial nature of the Eucharist. The figures on the predella (just below the center panel) are from the left: Saints Thomas Becket, Joan of Arc, St. Mary the Virgin, Francis of Assisi, and Demetrius of Alexandria.
Most of the stained glass windows in the cathedral were designed and produced in England, most by Lavers, Barraud and Westlake of London. A large rondel window of Christ the King was made by Heaton, Butler and Bayne, also of London.
Today's church features a liturgy in the Anglo-Catholic tradition. The congregation includes around 250 members.
# Initial singularity

The initial singularity is a singularity predicted by some models of the Big Bang theory to have existed before the Big Bang. The instant immediately following the initial singularity is part of the Planck epoch, the earliest period of time in the history of our universe.

## Traditional models of our universe

The use of only general relativity to predict what happened in the beginnings of the universe has been heavily criticized, as quantum mechanics becomes a significant factor in the high-energy environment of the earliest stage of the universe, and general relativity on its own fails to make accurate predictions. In response to the inaccuracy of considering only general relativity, as in the traditional model of the Big Bang, alternative theoretical formulations for the beginning of the universe have been proposed, including a string theory-based model in which two branes, enormous membranes much larger than the universe, collided, creating mass and energy.
The cosmic microwave background is evidence that the universe expanded from a very hot, dense state, possibly a singularity of infinite density.

## Alternatives to the singularity

Various new models of what preceded and caused the Big Bang have been proposed as a result of the problems created by quantum mechanics. One model, using loop quantum gravity, aims to explain the beginnings of the universe through a series of Big Bounces, in which quantum fluctuations cause the universe to expand. This use of loop quantum gravity also predicts a cyclic model of universes, with a new universe being created after an old one is destroyed, each with different physical constants. These proposals have been criticized as inconsistent with the Borde–Guth–Vilenkin theorem, however their modifications with only one bounce (as opposed to cyclic series of bounces) circumvent this problem (particularly if the contracting phase is empty, i.e. compactified Milne, and (2+1)-dimensional, due to the inherent stabilizing rigidity of vacuum in this case).
Another possibility based on M-theory and observations of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) states that the universe is but one of many in a multiverse, and has budded off from another universe (e.g., one that macroscopically looks like static empty space) as a result of quantum fluctuations such as quantum foam, as opposed to our universe being all that exists.
# Early's raids in Pennsylvania

Early's raids in Pennsylvania were a series of June military actions before the 1863 Battle of Gettysburg in which the Confederate forces of Major General Jubal Early conducted raids and military engagements from Chambersburg through Gettysburg to York.
Chronology :
| Date | Event |
| 23 | Jenkins' Confederate cavalry, from the "Hughes iron works," raided "Stevens' Furnace" and took $5,000 in mules/horses. The destroyed facility was rebuilt for $80,000 (c. 1890 the "big house" burned). |
| 25 | Early's headquarters was at Greenwood on the turnpike near the summit of South Mountain. |
| 26 | Early demanded a $10,000 ransom (plus supplies) from Gettysburg, and his forces engaged local militia along the Baltimore Pike; killing G. W. Sandoe at a site later on the Gettysburg Battlefield. |
| 27 | On the east border of the borough of Gettysburg, Early's forces burned the Gettysburg Railroad trestle over Rock Creek and pushed burning railroad cars into the fire (17 burnt). Following the railroad eastward, White's Confederate cavalry raided Hanover, including the telegraph lines and the Hanover Junction Railroad Station. |
| 28 | Hunter's Union cavalry captured 13 of 18 in a Confederate squad that had taken horses from a Fairfield church service. |
| | Early demanded a $100,000 ransom (plus supplies) from York$^{:14}$ but didn't burn the community. |
| 30 | Early returned through East Berlin$^{:17}$ and camped at Heidlersburg returning from York en route to Cashtown and on July 1, learned of the Battle of Gettysburg when he was ordered to approach on the Harrisburg Road. |
# SKEW

SKEW is the ticker symbol for the CBOE Skew Index, a measure of the perceived tail risk of the distribution of S&P 500 investment returns over a 30-day horizon. The index values are calculated and published by the Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE) based on current S&P 500 options market data.
SKEW is similar to the VIX index, but instead of measuring implied volatility based on a normal distribution, it measures an implied risk of future returns realizing outlier behavior. The index model defines an outlier as two or more standard deviations below the mean, which would characterize a black swan event or market crash. The index value typically reflects the trading activity of portfolio managers hedging tail risk with options, to protect portfolios from a large, sudden decline in the market. A SKEW value of 100 indicates the options market perceives a low risk of outlier returns; values increasing above 100 reflect an increased perception of risk for future outlier event(s).
# East Rockaway High School

East Rockaway Junior-Senior High School (often abbreviated ERHS) is a co-educational six-year secondary school in East Rockaway, New York, and the sole high school in Nassau County, New York, School District 41 (East Rockaway School District), the smallest school district in Nassau County. It is currently undergoing renovations to expand the school into a middle school and high school, becoming a seven-year secondary school. East Rockaway High School serves graduates from local Centre Ave. and Rhame Ave. Elementary Schools, as well as the private St. Raymond Elementary School.
As of the 2014-15 school year, the school had an enrollment of 554 students and 55.3 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 10.0:1. There were 100 students (18.1% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 34 (6.1% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch.

## Athletics

East Rockaway High School's athletic teams are known as the "Rocks" (and the "Lady Rocks") and have Division IV teams in American football, baseball, volleyball, softball, basketball, and track and field. The school's soccer and lacrosse teams are shared between itself and Malverne Senior High School. The school's mascot, The Rockman, is visually based on The Thing of the Fantastic Four. The school's colors are orange and black. Although the school's size is among the smallest on Long Island, they are also among the most competitive teams. They are especially strong in Varsity and Junior Varsity basketball, softball, and volleyball, and middle school baseball and volleyball.

## Musicals

Every year, the students of ERHS, often inviting elementary students, stage a musical production. These productions include You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown (1989), Little Shop of Horrors (1990 and 2014), The Wizard of Oz (1991, 2010, and 2020), Peter Pan (1992 and 2002), Annie (1993 and 2004), Godspell (1994), The Sound of Music (1995 and 2011), Cinderella (1996), Bye Bye Birdie (1997 and 2019), Oliver! (1998 and 2009), Guys and Dolls (1999), The Music Man (2000), Mame (2001), Grease (2003), Hello, Dolly! (2005), Damn Yankees (2006), West Side Story (2007), City of Angels (2008), Crazy for You (2012), Seussical (2013), Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory (2015), Mary Poppins (2016), Shrek the Musical (2017), and The Little Mermaid (2018).

## Notable alumni

* Brian Keith, actor
* Don Murray, actor