OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 2025 ICC Champions Trophy group stage Group B

Group B of the 2025 ICC Champions Trophy will be held from 21 February to 1 March 2025. The group consisted of Afghanistan, Australia, England, South Africa. All the matches of this group will be played in Pakistan. This stage of the tournament will be played between four teams playing each other as a full round-robin, with the top two teams advancing to the semi-finals.

## Participating teams

Group stage :
| Group A | Group B |
| Bangladesh  India  New Zealand  Pakistan | Afghanistan  Australia  England  South Africa |
| Source: ESPNcricinfo ||

## Venues

Pakistan :
| Karachi | Lahore | Rawalpindi |
| National Stadium | Gaddafi Stadium | Rawalpindi Cricket Stadium |
| Capacity: 34,238 | Capacity: 27,000 | Capacity: 15,000 |
| Matches: 2 | Matches: 3 | Matches: 1 |

## Points table

| Pos | Teamvte | Pld | W | L | T | NR | Pts | NRR | Qualification |
| 1 | Afghanistan | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | Advance to knock-out stage |
| 2 | Australia | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | Advance to knock-out stage |
| 3 | England | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | |
| 4 | South Africa | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | |

### Group progression

Group A progression :
| Team | Group matches | Group matches | Group matches |
| Team | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| Afghanistan | | | |
| Australia | | | |
| England | | | |
| South Africa | | | |
| Win | Loss | No result |
* Note: The total points at the end of each group match are listed.
* Note: Click on the points to see the match summary.

### Group stage summary

| Vertical team → | AFG | AUS | ENG | SA |
| Horizontal team ↓ | AFG | AUS | ENG | SA |
| Afghanistan | | Match 5 | Match 4 | Match 1 |
| Australia | | | Match 2 | Match 3 |
| England | | | | Match 6 |
| South Africa | | | | |
* Note: Results listed are according to the first encounter (top-right) and second encounter (bottom-left).
* Note: Click on a result to see a summary of the match.

## Fixtures
### Afghanistan vs South Africa

* 21 February 2025 14:00 PKT (D/N) Scorecard
| Afghanistan | v | South Africa |
* National Stadium, Karachi

### Australia vs England

* 22 February 2025 14:00 PKT (D/N) Scorecard
| Australia | v | England |
* Gaddafi Stadium, Lahore

### Australia vs South Africa

* 25 February 2025 14:00 PKT (D/N) Scorecard
| Australia | v | South Africa |
* Rawalpindi Cricket Stadium, Rawalpindi

### Afghanistan vs England

* 26 February 2025 14:00 PKT (D/N) Scorecard
| Afghanistan | v | England |
* Gaddafi Stadium, Lahore

### Afghanistan vs Australia

* 28 February 2025 14:00 PKT (D/N) Scorecard
| Afghanistan | v | Australia |
* Gaddafi Stadium, Lahore

### England vs South Africa

* 1 March 2025 14:00 PKT (D/N) Scorecard
| England | v | South Africa |
* National Stadium, Karachi
# Chuburkhinji

Chuburkhinji (Georgian: ჭუბურხინჯი; Abkhaz: Хьацҳа or Ҷубурхьынџь) (known as Tzalamukhi [წალამუხი] until 1957) is a village in the Gali Municipality of Abkhazia, Georgia. As is the case in the rest of the district its population is almost exclusively Georgian.

## History

The village is the place of regular quadripartite (Georgian-Abkhaz-CIS peacekeepers-UNOMIG) meetings known informally as the "Chuburkhinji sessions". The meetings have been suspended by the Abkhaz side since November 2006.
On 24 May 2012, a settlement was opened in Chuburkhinji for the families of Russian border guards.
# Houston Heights High School

Houston Heights High School (HHHS, formerly Houston Heights Charter) is a public charter high school in Houston, Texas, United States. It was established in 1999 by superintendent Richard Mik.
Located in the Houston Heights neighborhood, it serves 96% at-risk students and partners with Houston Community College to give students the opportunity to gain college credit during their junior and/or senior years, including in the area of construction management.
In 2009, the school was rated "academically acceptable" by the Texas Education Agency.

## Athletics

Houston Heights High School offers Men's Basketball, Men's Soccer, and Cheerleading. The basketball team won the Texas Charter School Academic & Athletic League (TCSAAL) state championship in 2010 after finishing runner-up in 2009.

## Student body

HHHS had 251 students during the 2007–2008 school year.
* 61% were Hispanic
* 32% were African-American
* 7% were White
* 0% were Asian
86% of the students qualified for free or reduced breakfast.
# Chandrushekar Avinash

K Chandrushekar Avinash (born 23 June 1987) is an Indian cricketer who plays for Karnataka cricket team as well as Mangalore United. He is right-hand wicket-keeper batsman.
# Surf life saving club

Surf life saving clubs (or SLSCs) are volunteer institutions at Australia's beaches. The clubs conduct surf lifesaving services on weekends and public holidays, and in the 2014-2015 season they saved 12,690 people. They also host many beach sport activities, such as Nippers, surf carnivals and other competitions. The SLSCs are responsible for the education of lifesavers including operation of inflatable rescue boats (IRBs) and maintaining radio communication with other beaches and air rescue resources.
# Jujubinus gravinae

Jujubinus gravinae is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails. It is both a deposit feeder and grazer, feeding on organic matter particles in sediment and low-growing organisms.

## Description

The size of the shell varies between 3 mm and 8 mm. The animal itself has a 4mm long dextrally coiled body. Its wet body mass is 0.0484 g and its body volume is 0.0277 cm^3. It utilizes mucus-mediated gliding, the process moving forward by alternating regions of muscular contraction and expansion over a layer of mucus.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the Western Mediterranean Sea and in the Atlantic Ocean off Portugal, the Canary Islands and the Cape Verdes.
# Kook Jong-nam

Kook Jong-nam (Korean: 국종남; 8 May 1937 – 7 January 2024) was a South Korean businessman and politician. A member of the Democratic Party, he served in the National Assembly from 1992 to 1996.
Kook died on 7 January 2024, at the age of 86.
# Oh Gi-hyoung

Oh Gi-hyoung (Korean: 오기형; born 25 November 1966) is a South Korean politician and lawyer. He is a member of the 21st National Assembly.

## Biography

From 2000 to 2015, he practiced law at Pacific Law Group.
In 2005, he received his LL.M. degree from UC Berkeley School of Law and was admitted to the New York State Bar in the same year.
In 2006, he expanded his practice to China, where, after completing his studies at Beijing Language and Culture University, he became a senior associate in the firm's Shanghai office, where he worked on investment advisory matters for companies in China
He studied the legal system of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone in the People's Republic of China, which served as a model for the Kaesong Industrial Zone, and introduced the regulations of the Kaesong Industrial Zone in the United States.
On January 10, 2016, he joined the Democratic Party of Korea as Talent Recruitment No. 5, and was nominated by the Democratic Party of Korea to represent Dobong in the 20th National Assembly election in South Korea, but was not elected.
In 2017, he was appointed deputy director of the Democratic Research Center.
In 2018, he was appointed chief of staff to Hong Ihk-pyo, leader of the Democratic Party of Korea in the National Assembly of the Republic of Korea, where he served until the first half of 2019.
In 2016, he was appointed as a local committee member of the Democratic Party of Korea for Dobong, Seoul, and has continued his political activities based in Dobong District.
In July 2019, he was appointed as a member of the Democratic Party of Korea's Special Committee for Countering Japanese Economic Aggression to respond to the economic provocations of Japan's Shinzo Abe administration.
In February 2020, he won first place in the Democratic Party of Korea's intra-party primary for Dobong district and ran as a candidate for the 21st National Assembly election.
# Alexander Johnston (1775–1849)

Sir Alexander Johnston, PC, FRS (died 6 March 1849), was a British colonial official who served as third Chief Justice of Ceylon and second Advocate Fiscal of Ceylon. He introduced a range of administrative reforms in Sri Lanka, introducing numerous liberal ideas and supporting the rights of natives. He was also an orientalist and along with Henry Thomas Colebrooke and others he was a founding member of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland.

## Early life

Johnston was born in Carnsalloch, Dumfriesshire in Scotland to Samuel Johnston and Hester Napier, daughter of Francis Napier, 6th Lord Napier. Johnston moved with his family when his father obtained a posting in Madurai under Lord Macartney in the Madras Presidency in 1781. Alexander received his early education from Christian Friedrich Schwarz, the missionary as well as under Sir Thomas Munro. He could speak Tamil, Telugu, and Hindustani languages from an early age.

## Colonial career

At the age of eleven, Alexander was offered a commission in the Dragoons but he chose instead to join the family to return to England in 1792. At the advice of Lord Macartney he studied law, initially at Göttingen and then at Lincoln's Inn. In 1799 he accepted a post as Advocate General in Ceylon in 1799 shortly after his marriage to Louisa Campbell (1766–1852), the daughter of Captain Lord William Campbell of the Royal Navy. He became a chief justice in 1805 and in 1809 he was asked to provide suggestions for the administration of Ceylon, many of which were included in the charter for the East India Company in 1813. He was knighted in 1811 and by 1817 he took up an honorary position as an admiralty judge.
Johnston was responsible for bringing the Mahavamsa, Sri Lanka's historical epic, to European attention when he sent manuscripts of it and other Sinhala chronicles to Europe for publication during his tenure as Chief Justice. Jonhston encouraged the translation of the Mahavamsa and other works in order to bring British colonial law into alignment with local traditions and values.
The reforms that Sir Alexander Johnston made included universal public education, freedom of religious practice, abolishment of slavery, employment of natives in government, and the codification of laws including the traditional views of Hindus, Muslims, and Buddhists.
Johnston returned to England in 1819.

## Retirement

Johnston stood as a liberal representing the Dumfries burghs in 1840 but failed. After retirement Johnston founded the Royal Asiatic Society. He died on 6 March 1849 at London and was buried at Carnsalloch, Dumfriesshire.

## Personal

His son Alexander Robert Johnston was a colonial official in Mauritius and Hong Kong before going to England (and died in the United States in 1888).
# Toronto Gore

Toronto Gore (also the Gore of Toronto) is a former incorporated and now geographic township in Ontario, Canada. It is today split between Mississauga and Brampton.

## History

Toronto Gore came into existence as a township in 1819 (1819) when it was separated from Chinguacousy Township. In 1867 it became part of Peel County when that county was split from York County. A small wedge-shaped tract of land, Toronto Gore was located in the east of the county, on the border with York County (and later, Region). It was south of Albion Township, east of Chinguacousy Township (the boundaries being located along Castlemore and Airport Roads respectively in present-day Brampton), and northeast of Toronto Township (now Mississauga). In 1952, the southern portion of the township (south of the present Steeles Avenue) was annexed to Toronto Township, and in 1974 the remainder was amalgamated into the City of Brampton.
Several historical villages were once located within Toronto Gore, including Claireville, Ebenezer, Castlemore, Wildfield and Coleraine. However, only small remnants like churches and cemeteries of these former villages exist. Wildfield remains the only community to maintain its unique identity while the rest have been completely overtaken by suburban developments.
The name lives on in the name of two local roads "Goreway Drive" and "The Gore Road", and the Brampton neighbourhood of Gore Meadows.
Toronto-Gore, along with Goreway Drive, might have been named for Sir Francis Gore, Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada. A more likely derivation is from the shape of the tract or its origin: in surveying, a gore is a triangular piece of land in British usage and a small strip or tract of land lying between larger divisions in US usage.
# Ordinance of Nullification

The Ordinance of Nullification declared the Tariffs of 1828 and 1832 null and void within the borders of the U.S. state of South Carolina, beginning on February 1, 1833. It began the Nullification Crisis. Passed by a state convention on November 24, 1832, it led to President Andrew Jackson's proclamation against South Carolina, the Nullification Proclamation on December 10, 1832, which threatened to send government troops to enforce the tariffs. In the face of the military threat, and following a Congressional revision of the law which lowered the tariff, South Carolina repealed the ordinance.
The protest that led to the Ordinance of Nullification was caused by the belief that the tariffs of 1828 and 1832 favored the North over the South and therefore violated the Constitution. This led to an emphasis on the differences between the two regions and helped set the stage for conflict during the antebellum era, eventually leading to the American Civil War.
# Cross ownership

Cross ownership is a method of reinforcing business relationships by owning stocks in the companies with which a given company does business. Heavy cross ownership is referred to as circular ownership.
In the US, "cross ownership" also refers to a type of investment in different mass-media properties in one market.

## Cross ownership of stock

Countries noted to have high levels of cross ownership include:
* Japan
* Germany
Examples of the positives of cross ownership:
* Closely ties each business to the economic destiny of its business partners
* Promotes a slow rate of economic change
Cross ownership of shares is criticized for:
* Stagnating the economy
* Wasting capital that could be used to improve productivity
* Expanding economic downturns by preventing reallocation of capital
* Lessening control of shareholders over corporate leadership.
A major factor in perpetuating cross-ownership of shares is a high capital gains tax rate. Companies have less incentive to sell cross-owned shares when taxes are high, as the tax liability reduces the net proceeds from the sale.
For example, a company owns $1000 of stock in another company that was originally purchased for $200. If the capital gains tax rate is 25% (as in Germany), the $800 profit ($1000 - $200) would result in a tax liability of $200 ($800 × 0.25). After paying the tax, the company would retain a net gain of $600 ($800 profit - $200 tax). However, the immediate tax expense may discourage the company from selling, as holding the stock defers the tax liability and preserves the full value of the assets on paper.
Long term cross ownership of shares combined with a high capital tax rate greatly increases periods of asset deflation both in time and in severity.

## Media cross ownership

Cross ownership also refers to a type of media ownership in which one type of communications (say a newspaper) owns or is the sister company of another type of medium (such as a radio or TV station). One example is The New York Times's former ownership of WQXR Radio, and the Chicago Tribune's similar relationship with WGN Radio (WGN-AM) and Television (WGN-TV).
To prevent one license holder from having too much local media ownership, the Federal Communications Commission generally does not allow cross ownership unless the license holder obtains a waiver. Examples include News Corporation and the Tribune Company, both in New York.
The mid-1970s cross-ownership guidelines grandfathered already-existing cross ownerships, such as Tribune-WGN, New York Times-WQXR and the New York Daily News ownership of WPIX Television and Radio.
# Thomas J. Katz

Thomas Joseph Katz is an American organic chemist known for his experimental work with prismane, olefin metathesis, and enyne metathesis. He is an emeritus professor at Columbia University.

## Training

Katz earned a bachelor's degree in chemistry at the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1956 and received his Ph.D. in chemistry at Harvard in 1959.

## Academic career

Katz was an instructor at Columbia University from 1959 until 1961, following by an assistant professorship from 1961to 1964. He became an associate professor in 1964, and then a full professor in 1968. In 1965, he was a visiting associate professor at University of California Berkeley. In 2009, he retired, becoming professor emeritus.
# Fountain Square Academy

Fountain Square Academy was a free public charter school for grades 6–12 in Indianapolis, Indiana. It offered a "Middle College" program that allowed qualifying high school students to take college courses for college credit at Ivy Tech Community College at no additional cost while still enrolled in high school.
The school was closed after the 2011–2012 school year when Greg Ballard, the mayor of Indianapolis, declined, in March 2011, to renew its charter due to lack of academic progress.
# Inkwell (Lake Landing, North Carolina)

The Inkwell, also known as The Octagon House, is an historic octagonal house located at 30868 US 264 in Engelhard, North Carolina on Lake Mattamuskeet. It was built about 1857 by Dr. William T. Sparrow. The house is an eight-sided, two-story, frame dwelling, sitting on a brick pier foundation. Its boardwall construction and use of verticals only around the doors and windows follows Howland's cottage design in Orson S. Fowler's 1848 book entitled The Octagon House, a Home for All. A restoration of the Octagon House in the 1980s returned its appearance to its earlier conception using plaster interior walls, a stuccoed exterior and a wood shingle roof. The house features a central octagonal chimney of stuccoed brick.
On September 1, 1978, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places. It is located in the Lake Landing Historic District.
A Mattamuskeet apple orchard has been planted on the grounds of The Octagon House. Trees were grafted from the wood of surviving fruit trees that were featured in nursery catalogues of the area during the mid-19th century.
Several Open Houses are held throughout the year and special group tours may be arranged by appointment.
# Charles E. Atchley Jr.

Charles Edward Atchley Jr. (born November 19, 1966) is an American lawyer and jurist serving as a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee.

## Education

Atchley earned his Bachelor of Arts from the University of Tennessee and his Juris Doctor from the Cumberland School of Law.

## Career

Atchley began his career as a staff attorney with Family Inns of America, before working as an associate with Scott & Associates. From 1994 to 2001, Atchley served as an assistant district attorney general for Tennessee. He became an assistant United States attorney for the Eastern District of Tennessee in 2001 and served in the Criminal Division, supervising the General Crimes and National Security Section. From 2018 to 2020, Atchley was the first assistant United States attorney for the Eastern District of Tennessee. He left the Department of Justice after being appointed to the bench.

### Prominent cases

* In 2005, Atchley was the lead prosecutor in the case of Lester Eugene Siler, a suspected drug dealer who was tortured by five Campbell County police officers. He won convictions and the officers received sentences of four to six years.
* In 2016, Atchley prosecuted Tennessee state Representative Joe E. Armstrong for tax fraud, winning a conviction.
* In 2017, he was the lead prosecutor in the case of Szuhsiung Ho, who was accused of trying to recruit American nuclear experts to spy on American nuclear facilities, resulting in a 2017 plea bargain in which Ho was sentenced to two years in prison.

### Federal judicial service

On September 16, 2020, President Donald Trump announced his intent to nominate Atchley to serve as a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee. On September 22, 2020, his nomination was sent to the Senate. President Trump nominated Atchley to the seat vacated by Judge Harry Sandlin Mattice Jr., who assumed senior status on March 10, 2020. On November 18, 2020, a hearing on his nomination was held before the Senate Judiciary Committee. On December 10, 2020, his nomination was reported out of committee by a 13–9 vote. On December 16, 2020, the United States Senate invoked cloture on his nomination by a 54–41 vote. On December 17, 2020, his nomination was confirmed by a 54–41 vote. He received his judicial commission on December 22, 2020.
In July 2022, he temporarily barred the Biden administration's Title IX guidance that interpreted Title IX's protections as extending to trans people in 20 states, claiming they infringe on state rights.
# Rage of Party

The Rage of Party was the tumultuous period in English politics directly after the Glorious Revolution of 1688 until c. 1715. This period was characterised by political instability brought about by increased partisanship within Parliament and frequent elections. Eleven Parliaments met in this period, partly as a result of the Triennial Act, which meant a general election had to be held every three years. In fact, on average an election was held every two and a half years.
The period ended with the Hanoverian succession and the passage of the Septennial Act 1716 allowing up to seven years between elections.

## Political divisions

There were two main axes of political conflict during this period. The Whigs, who supported the Glorious Revolution and the Protestant succession, opposed the Tories, who, although supporting the new monarchs in a de facto sense, were disturbed by the disruption to the divine succession which the Glorious Revolution entailed. Outside of this division was the Court/Country axis. Court politicians were either in government or sought to be, and were thus supportive of centralised power and the dominance of Parliament by the executive. Country politicians distrusted centralised power and were keen to secure the independence of Parliament.