OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Charles M. Trammell

Charles Monroe Trammell (July 6, 1886 – July 26, 1967) was a judge of the United States Board of Tax Appeals (later the United States Tax Court) from 1924 to 1936.

## Early life, education, and military service

Born in Lakeland, Florida, Trammell's father was a pioneer who had homesteaded 80-acre (32 ha) of Polk County, Florida, much of which became Lakeland. Trammell received a Ph.B. from Emory University and an LL.B. from the Vanderbilt University Law School. Returning to Polk County to enter the practice of law in 1909, he was elected judge of the County Court of Polk County, Florida, in 1913. At the time, he was the youngest county court judge in the state. Trammell served in that capacity until 1917, when he left to serve in World War I, first entering the United States Army Air Corps, and in March 1919, transferring to the office of the Judge Advocate General's Corps.

## Washington, D.C., legal career

Trammell was appointed to the solicitor's office in Washington, D.C., on October 11, 1920, and then appointed to the United States Board of Tax Appeals in 1924. He was one of the original twelve members appointed to the Board, and one of a group of five appointed "from the Bureau of Internal Revenue". Trammell was a cousin of United States Senator Park Trammell, of Florida, a fact that complicated his appointment to the board.
Trammell served on the board for twelve years, until 1936. After leaving the board, he was retained by the Associated Gas and Electric Company in a $40 million matter, for which Trammell's retainer was large enough to stir government concerns about officials leaving government to represent private clients against the United States.

## World War II service and later life

During World War II, he again served in the office of the Judge Advocate General, first with the office of the Administrator of Export Control and later with the Board of Economic Warfare.
In 1950, Trammell "announced the opening of offices for the practice of law specializing in tax matters at the Denrike Building, Washington, D.C.", and in 1955, Trammell was noted as serving as legal counsel in the tax evasion trial of wealthy Miami businessman Howard G. Pinder. In 1960, he was selected as a Trustee of his alma mater, Emory University.
Trammell died in Washington, D.C., at the age of 81.
# Hidayat Ullah Khan

Hidayat Ullah Khan (Pashto: ہدایت اللہ خان) (born 1 January 1956) is a Pakistani politician who is currently serving as a member of the Senate of Pakistan from the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa since March 2021. He belongs to Awami National Party. He also served as a member of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Assembly and Provincial Minister for Livestock and Dairy Development from 2008 to 2013.
# Guren Graduate Institute

Guren Graduate Institute was established in 2006 as a degree-granting institution. It now offers an Executive master's degree in Public Administration and partners with Harvard Business Publishing for executive education.
Guren Graduate Institute is currently developing online courses for K-12 students and undergraduate students, including civil aviation courses with IATA, and financial courses with the New York Institute of Finance.
The institute also partners with McKinsey Academy to train consultants for the mining business sector. As a professional educational provider, the Guren Graduate Institute has worked with the Central Bank of Mongolia, the Ministry of Finance, and the National Academy of Governance.
The current Project Director of Guren Graduate Institute is Davaausuren Byambachuluun and the current Operations Manager is Tamir Mergen

## Etymology

The name Guren was based on 'Gurun'. The name was conceptualized by its current director, Demberel Dorjchuluun. Gurun means being a local leader and global partner.
# Molly Williams

Molly Williams (fl. 1818) was the first known female, and first known black, firefighter in the United States.
An African American, she was a slave of the New York City merchant Benjamin Aymar. She was affiliated with the Oceanus Engine Company #11 in lower Manhattan. During her time in the company, she was called Volunteer No. 11. Williams made a distinguished presence in her sturdy work clothes of calico dress and checked apron. Her service was noted particularly during the blizzard of 1818. Male firefighters were scarce due to a cholera outbreak, but Williams took her place with the men on the dragropes and pulled the pumper to the fire through the deep snow.
When asked, Williams always replied: "‘I belongs to ole ‘Leven; I allers runs wid dat ole bull-gine.’"
# Nanocrystalline silicon

Nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si), sometimes also known as microcrystalline silicon (μc-Si), is a form of porous silicon. It is an allotropic form of silicon with paracrystalline structure—is similar to amorphous silicon (a-Si), in that it has an amorphous phase. Where they differ, however, is that nc-Si has small grains of crystalline silicon within the amorphous phase. This is in contrast to polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) which consists solely of crystalline silicon grains, separated by grain boundaries. The difference comes solely from the grain size of the crystalline grains. Most materials with grains in the micrometre range are actually fine-grained polysilicon, so nanocrystalline silicon is a better term. The term Nanocrystalline silicon refers to a range of materials around the transition region from amorphous to microcrystalline phase in the silicon thin film. The crystalline volume fraction (as measured from Raman spectroscopy) is another criterion to describe the materials in this transition zone.
nc-Si has many useful advantages over a-Si, one being that if grown properly it can have a higher electron mobility, due to the presence of the silicon crystallites. It also shows increased absorption in the red and infrared wavelengths, which make it an important material for use in a-Si solar cells. One of the most important advantages of nanocrystalline silicon, however, is that it has increased stability over a-Si, one of the reasons being because of its lower hydrogen concentration. Although it currently cannot attain the mobility that poly-Si can, it has the advantage over poly-Si that it is easier to fabricate, as it can be deposited using conventional low temperature a-Si deposition techniques, such as PECVD, as opposed to laser annealing or high temperature CVD processes, in the case of poly-Si.

## Uses

The main application of this novel material is in the field of silicon thin film solar cells. As nc-Si has about the same bandgap as crystalline silicon, which is ~1.12 eV, it can be combined in thin layers with a-Si, creating a layered, multi-junction cell called a tandem cell. The top cell in a-Si absorbs the visible light and leaves the infrared part of the spectrum for the bottom cell in nanocrystalline Si.
A few companies are on the verge of commercializing silicon inks based on nanocrystalline silicon or on other silicon compounds. The semiconductor industry is also investigating the potential for nanocrystalline silicon, especially in the memory area.

## Thin-film silicon

Nanocrystalline silicon and small-grained polycrystalline silicon are considered thin-film silicon.
# Irish Multiplex Cinemas

Irish Multiplex Cinemas (or the IMC Cinema Group) is a cinema chain in Ireland. It operates cinemas throughout the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. It was part of the Ward Anderson company until 2013, when it was split between IMC and Omniplex Cinema Group.
The typical cinema owned by IMC has between five and ten screens. The company owns 18 Cinemas altogether, with 15 in the Republic of Ireland and 3 in Northern Ireland, most recently buying MovieLAND in Newtownards, County Down after the passing of its owner, the cinema still used the MovieLAND branding until it was rebranded to IMC in 2023.
The company's flagship is the Savoy Cinema in O'Connell Street, Dublin, which is the oldest operational cinema in Dublin, and the preferred cinema in Ireland for film premières. It also owned the Screen Cinema in D'Olier Street, which showed more alternative films but closed down in 2015.
Each cinema has different offers with some being on specific days, looking at their website gives all details on offers. Offers include cinema ticket price reductions and concession deals.

## Cinema locations

| Location | Number of screens | Opening date |
| Athlone | 6 | April 1998 |
| Ballina | 6 | N/A |
| Ballymena | 7 | 31 July 1998 (1998-07-31) |
| Banbridge | 5 | May 2004 |
| Carlow | 8 | 17 November 1970 |
| Clonmel | 5 | 2016 |
| Savoy Cinema | 7 | 29 November 1929 2005 (renovated) |
| Screen Cinema | 3 | N/A |
| Dún Laoghaire | 14 | N/A |
| Dundalk | 7 | 1999 |
| Enniskillen | 7 | 14 April 2000 (2000-04-14) |
| Galway | 7 (initially when opened) 10 | 1993 |
| Kilkenny | 12 | 17 August 1998 (1998-08-17) |
| Mullingar | 6 | December 2002 |
| Newtownards, County Down | 6 | 26 December 2018 |
| Oranmore | 6 | 1 April 2005 |
| Santry | 11 | N/A |
| Tallaght | 12 | 26 April 2012 |
| Thurles | 5 | January 2003 |
| Tullamore | 6 | 1996 |
# Wiljon Vaandrager

Willemien Jonetta "Wiljon" Vaandrager (born 27 August 1957 in Brummen, Gelderland) is a former international rower from the Netherlands, who won the bronze medal in the Women's Eights at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California, alongside Marieke van Drogenbroek, Lynda Cornet, Greet Hellemans, Nicolette Hellemans, Harriet van Ettekoven, Catharina Neelissen, Anne Quist, and Martha Laurijsen.
# William P. James

William P. James (January 10, 1870 – July 28, 1940) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of California.

## Education and career

Born in Buffalo, New York, James began his career in private practice in Los Angeles, California. He was a Judge of the Los Angeles County Superior Court from 1905 to 1910, and of the California Court of Appeals from 1910 to 1923.

## Federal judicial service

On March 2, 1923, James was nominated by President Warren G. Harding to a new seat on the United States District Court for the Southern District of California created by 42 Stat. 837. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on March 3, 1923, and received his commission the same day. James served in that capacity until his death on July 28, 1940, at Santa Monica Hospital from injuries he suffered in an auto accident. In 1932 when Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. retired from the Supreme Court, James was on President Herbert Hoover’s list of possible replacements, although the seat ultimately went to Benjamin N. Cardozo.
# Isaac of the Cells

Isaac of the Cells was an Egyptian Christian monk who lived during the 4th and 5th centuries in Nitria, Lower Egypt. He was one of the Desert Fathers.
He was a disciple of Cronius of Nitria and succeeded him in 395. However, later Archbishop Theophilus excommunicated him as an Origenist along with the Four Tall Brothers.
# Constitutional liberalism

Constitutional liberalism is a form of government that upholds the principles of classical liberalism and the rule of law. It differs from liberal democracy in that it is not about the method of selecting government.
The journalist and scholar Fareed Zakaria explains that constitutional liberalism "is about government's goals. It refers to the tradition, deep in Western history, that seeks to protect an individual's autonomy and dignity against coercion, whatever the source—state, church, or society". In a constitutionally liberal state, a liberal market is regulated and protected at the level of the constitution and so trade is mostly free, but not entirely unhampered.
Throughout history, democracy is becoming more common around the world, but it has been in decline for the last 13 years. Freedom House reported that in 2018 there were 116 electoral democracies. Many of these countries are not constitutionally liberal and can be described as illiberal democracies. Constitutional liberalism is different from liberal constitutionalism. While the former asserts values of personal sovereignty at a constitutional level, the latter guards freedom to assert ones own values in the constitution, and, as any constitutionalism designed to curb the tyrannical majority, is inherently antidemocratic.
# Central London Community Healthcare NHS Trust

Central London Community Healthcare NHS Trust is a NHS trust which provides community health services to a number of London boroughs, as well as Hertfordshire.

## History

In 2009, the community service parts of Hammersmith and Fulham, Kensington and Chelsea, and Westminster primary care trusts merged, as part of the Transforming Community Services initiative. This combined organisation was established as an NHS trust on 1 November 2010. The organisation merged with Barnet Community Services on 1 April 2011.
It has a back-office support contract with Capita for IT, estates and facilities management services.
It ran the Soho Square and Milne House general practices in Westminster but abandoned the loss-making contracts in July 2014.
It was named by the Health Service Journal as one of the top hundred NHS trusts to work for in 2015. At that time it had 2577 full-time equivalent staff and a sickness absence rate of 4.04%. 64% of staff recommend it as a place for treatment and 53% recommended it as a place to work.
In April 2016 it took over community service for Merton CCG practices. In October 2017 the trust took over the contract for community services in Wandsworth, worth £51.6 million from St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

## Services

It runs an 18-bed ‘intermediate care’ ward at Charing Cross Hospital in partnership with Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust.
It runs the St Charles' Centre for Health and Wellbeing on the site of St Charles' Hospital in Ladbroke Grove. The site is also used by Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust, which provides mental health services there.
In August 2022 it started using the DrDoctor care co-ordination platform, integrated with EMIS Web, to let patients to choose when they attend appointments.
# Doguerawa

Doguerawa is a village and rural commune in Niger. As of 2012, it had a population of 117,975. 8,673 people live in Doguerawa village.
# Minzhong

Minzhong is a subdistrict situated at the northeastern periphery of the city of Zhongshan, in the Pearl River Delta region of Guangdong province. At the 2020 census, the population of Minzhong was 112,345. The total area of the subdistrict is 125.4 square kilometres (48.4 sq mi).
# Kumasi Mutiny of 1901

Kumasi Mutiny started on 18 March 1901 in Kumasi, present day Ghana, as the native troops mutinied and fired on British troops. The event persisted for three weeks because the native troops had not been paid for months despite constant promises from the British Government.

## History

The Kumasi Mutiny was recorded in the British popular press as the “Coomassie Mutiny”. The African colonial armies were responsible, guarded frontiers, and acted as imperial troops in overseas campaigns. Maintaining internal security was their primary role. The West African Regiment in Asante used their arms and collective muscle to defy and threaten the authorities which employed them in 1901. The native troops had not been paid for months despite constant promises from the British Government, and some of the men were absent without leave from an evening parade. In total, 60 men were absent at first and 178 more men had disappeared the next morning. The native troops mutinied and fired on British troops who returned fire, killing 12 mutineers, which lasted for 3 weeks.
The troops were tried under the Army Act 1881, sentenced and imprisoned in Sierra Leone. A dozen were sentenced to be executed by firing squad, but the sentence was later commuted to penal servitude.
Private Luseini was an NCO of the British West African Regiment. Luseini was one of 134 soldiers imprisoned in Sierra Leone after the Kumasi Mutiny.
# Patterson High School (Louisiana)

Patterson High School is a high school in unincorporated St. Mary Parish, Louisiana, United States, near the city of Patterson. It is a part of the St. Mary Parish School Board.

## Athletics

Patterson High competes in the LHSAA in the 3A classification in all of the following varsity sports: baseball, basketball (boys and girls), cross country (boys), football, golf, softball, swimming, tennis, track and field, and volleyball.

### Football

On January 15, 2009, Kenny Hilliard, a sophomore running back at Patterson High was named ESPN RISE Sophomore Player of the Year.

## Awards

Patterson High was named a Blue Ribbon Schools in 2006 in which former principal, Michael Brocato, and head of the math department, Cathie Vernon, traveled to Washington D.C. to accept the award.

## Notable alumni

* Dalton Hilliard, NFL player
* Ike Hilliard, NFL player
* Kenny Hilliard, NFL player
* Gillis Wilson, NFL player
# Fred Morton Raymond

Fred Morton Raymond (March 22, 1876 – February 6, 1946) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Michigan.

## Education and career

Born in Berlin (now Marne), Michigan, Raymond received a Bachelor of Laws from the University of Michigan Law School in 1899. He was in private practice in Grand Rapids, Michigan from 1899 to 1925.

## Federal judicial service

Raymond received a recess appointment from President Calvin Coolidge on May 8, 1925, to the United States District Court for the Western District of Michigan, to a new seat authorized by 43 Stat. 949. He was nominated to the same position by President Coolidge on December 8, 1925. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on December 18, 1925, and received his commission the same day. His service terminated on February 6, 1946, due to his death.
# Shingletown, California

Shingletown is a census-designated place (CDP) in Shasta County, California, United States. Its population is 2,442, as of the 2020 census.
Shingletown is a town located along California State Route 44 in the hills just below Mount Lassen. Shingletown has a history of logging large timber, including pine, fir and cedar. It is also known as "The Gateway to Lassen".
Shingletown was originally named Shingle Camp, for the workers who cut roofing slats from timber to supply miners during the Gold Rush era.

## Geography

Shingletown is located at 40°29′46″N 121°51′49″W﻿ / ﻿40.49611°N 121.86361°W﻿ / 40.49611; -121.86361, in Northern California, near Lassen Volcanic National Park.
As of 2019, the state of California classifies the population of Shingletown as living in a "Very High fire Hazard Severity Zone". Cal Fire plans to trim 1,124 acres of vegetation along Highway 44, the main road through the town, as the highest priority fire safety project in the state.

## Politics

In the state legislature, Shingletown is located in the 1st Senate District, represented by Republican Megan Dahle, and the 1st Assembly District, represented by Republican Heather Hadwick.
Federally, Shingletown is in California's 1st congressional district, represented by Republican Doug LaMalfa.

## Economy

Shingletown is home to KRDG and KYTO, two radio stations covering Redding and the surrounding area.
Shingletown had a public-use general aviation airport (FAA LID: 0Q6) located three miles (5 km) northeast of town. It covered an area of 120 acres (49 ha) and had one runway. It was closed on October 1, 2002, for safety reasons.

## Notable people

* Greg Cadaret, former professional baseball player
* Lynsi Snyder, owner of In-N-Out Burger
# Outside These Walls

Outside These Walls is a 1939 American crime film directed by Ray McCarey and starring Michael Whalen, Dolores Costello and Virginia Weidler.

## Plot

Dan Sparling is a convicted embezzler who becomes editor of his prison newspaper. After serving out his sentence, he sets up an independent newspaper devoted to attacking corruption in public life, encountering various difficulties due to his being an ex-con and opposition from the incumbent administration.

## Cast

* Michael Whalen as Dan Sparling
* Dolores Costello as Margaret Bronson
* Virginia Weidler as Ellen Sparling
* Don Beddoe as Dinky
* Selmer Jackson as John Wilson
* Mary Forbes as Gertrude Bishop
* Robert Emmett Keane as Sam Fulton
* Pierre Watkin as Hewitt Bronson
* Kathleen Lockhart as Miss Thronton
* Dick Curtis as Flint
# Battle of Lonoy

The Battle of Lonoy, also known as the Lonoy Massacre, was a surprise attack in 1901 during the Philippine–American War when over 400 Filipino revolutionaries were killed by United States Armed Forces. It was fought in Lonoy, Jagna, Bohol on Bohol island.
Filipino forces laid an ambush along a narrow path. They were poorly armed, with daggers, machetes, and spears and few firearms. The American force learned of the ambush from a pro-American local, Captain Francisco Acala, the last Spanish Mayor of Jagna. He led the Americans to the rear of the Filipinos. In a surprise attack, the Filipinos found themselves trapped in their own trenches. All but seven were killed, a total 406, including the commander, Captain Gregorio "Guyo" Casenas. Americans casualties were three killed and ten wounded, which came toward the end when the Filipinos launched a counter-attack.
In April 24, 2011, Captain Casenas and his men were honored by the municipality of Jagna with a statue at the municipal's plaza.
# Nasry Asfura

Nasry Juan Asfura Zablah (born 8 June 1958), also known as Tito Asfura, is a Honduran politician. He served as a deputy of the National Congress of Honduras representing the Francisco Morazán department on behalf of the National Party, and served as the mayor of the Honduran capital, Tegucigalpa, from 2014 until 2022. He was succeeded as mayor by Jorge Aldana.
Asfura was included in the 2020 Sachamama list of the 100 most influential Latinos, a list that several international organizations have endorsed.

## Early life

Asfura was born to Palestinians who immigrated to Central America during the Arab-Israeli conflict in the 1940s. He studied civil engineering at university but quit his course before being awarded his degree in order to embark on a career in the construction industry. His entry into public life came in the 1990s.

## Corruption allegations

In 2020, Asfura was indicted by the Honduran authorities on charges of embezzling public funds and money laundering. He was accused of misappropriating more than 28 million lempiras for his personal benefit. The judiciary seized nine real estate properties and three businesses belonging to him. However, all the charges against him were dismissed.
In early October 2021, Asfura was listed in the Pandora Papers.

## 2021 Honduran presidential campaign

Asfura was chosen as the 2021 presidential candidate for the incumbent National Party. At the beginning of the campaign, polls indicated a tight race between Asfura and his left-wing opponent, Xiomara Castro, the leader of LIBRE and the wife of the former president Manuel Zelaya, but she went on to win the election by a comfortable margin.