# 2009 in archosaur paleontology

The year 2009 in Archosaur paleontology was eventful. Archosaurs include the only living dinosaur group — birds — and the reptile crocodilians, plus all extinct dinosaurs, extinct crocodilian relatives, and pterosaurs. Archosaur paleontology is the scientific study of those animals, especially as they existed before the Holocene Epoch began about 11,700 years ago. The year 2009 in paleontology included various significant developments regarding archosaurs.
This article records new taxa of fossil archosaurs of every kind that have been described during the year 2009, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleontology of archosaurs that occurred in the year 2009.

## Crurotarsans

* Delfino, M.; Smith, T. (2009). "A reassessment of the morphology and taxonomic status of 'Crocodylus' depressifrons Blainville, 1855 (Crocodylia, Crocodyloidea) based on the Early Eocene remains from Belgium". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 156 (1): 140–167. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00478.x.
Newly named crurotarsans :
| Name | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
| Armadillosuchus | Valid | Marinho Carvalho | Late Cretaceous | Adamantina Formation | Brazil | Notosuchian with heavy, armadillo-like body armor consisting of flexible bands and rigid shields | Armadillosuchus |
| Barcinosuchus | Valid | Leardi Pol | Aptian – Albian | Cerro Barcino Formation | Argentina | A peirosaurid | |
| Collilongus | Valid | Borsuk−Białynicka Sennikov | Early Olenekian | Czatkowice 1 | Poland | Possible rauisuchian | |
| Coringasuchus | Valid | Kellner Pinheiro et al. | Early Cenomanian | Alcântara Formation | Brazil | | |
| Duerosuchus | Valid | Santiago Andrés | Middle Eocene | | Spain | | |
| Hypselorhachis | Valid | Butler Barrett et al. | Middle Triassic | Manda Beds | Tanzania | Possible ctenosauriscid | |
| Kaprosuchus | Valid | Sereno Larson | Upper Cretaceous | Echkar Formation | Niger | Unusual large mahajangasuchid with hypertrophied caniniform teeth and posteriorly projecting horns | Kaprosuchus |
| Kemkemia | Valid | Cau & Maganuco | Cenomanian | Kem Kem Beds | Morocco | Initially identified as a theropod dinosaur, but subsequently discovered to be a crocodyliform. | |
| Khoratosuchus | Valid | Lauprasert Cuny et al. | Early Cretaceous | | Thailand | Youngest Mesozoic crocodyliform yet known from Thailand | |
| Laganosuchus | Valid | Sereno Larson | Cenomanian | Echkar Formation Kem Kem Beds | Niger Morocco | | Laganosuchus |
| Miadanasuchus | Valid | Simons Buckley | Campanian | Maevarano Formation | Madagascar | A new genus for "Trematochampsa" oblita (Buffetaut & Taquet, 1979) | |
| Morrinhosuchus | Valid | Iori Carvalho | Late Cretaceous | Adamantina Formation | Brazil | Notosuchian from Brazil | |
| Penghusuchus | Valid | Shan Wu et al. | Late Miocene | | Taiwan | A tomistomine crocodilian. | |
| Polonosuchus | Valid | Brusatte Butler et al. | Late Carnian | | Poland | A new genus for "Teratosaurus" silesiacus (Sulej, 2005) | Polonosuchus |
| Yacarerani | Valid | Novas Pais et al. | Late Cretaceous | Cajones Formation | Bolivia | | Yacarerani |

## Non-avian dinosaurs
### Research

* A new study on theropod furculae is published.
* A "detailed description of the skull and mandible of the Chinese cerapodan ornithischian dinosaur Jeholosaurus shangyuanensis" is published.
* Knoll, F.; Padian, K.; de Ricqles, A. (2009). "Ontogenetic change and adult body size of the early ornithischian dinosaur Lesothosaurus diagnosticus: Implications for basal ornithischian taxonomy". Gondwana Research. 17: 171–179. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2009.03.010.
* Matthews, J. C.; Brusatte, S. L.; Williams, S. A.; Henderson, M. D. (2009). "The first Triceratops bonebed and its implications for gregarious behavior". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 29 (1): 286–290. Bibcode:2009JVPal..29..286M. doi:10.1080/02724634.2009.10010382. S2CID 196608646.
* Williamson, T. E.; Carr, T. D.; Williams, S. A.; Tremaine, K. (2009). "Early ontogeny of pachycephalosaurine squamosals as revealed by juvenile specimens from the Hell Creek Formation, eastern Montana". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 29 (1): 291–294. Bibcode:2009JVPal..29..291W. doi:10.1671/039.029.0111. S2CID 84516840.
* Bittencourt, J.S.; Kellner, A.W.A. (2009). "The anatomy and phylogenetic position of the Triassic dinosaur Staurikosaurus pricei Colbert, 1970". Zootaxa. 2079: 1–56. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2079.1.1. S2CID 90574494.
* Chin, K.; Hartman, J.H.; Roth, B. (2009). "Opportunistic exploitation of dinosaur dung: fossil snails in coprolites from the Upper Cretaceous Two Medicine Formation of Montana". Lethaia. 42 (2): 185–198. doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.2008.00131.x.
* Maidment, S.C.R.; Porro, L.B. (2009). "Homology of the palpebral and origin of supraorbital ossifications in ornithischian dinosaurs". Lethaia. 43: 95–111. doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.2009.00172.x.
* Gates, T.A.; Farke, A.A. (2009). "Biostratigraphic and biogeographic implications of a hadrosaurid (Ornithopoda: Dinosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous Almond Formation of Wyoming, USA". Cretaceous Research. 30 (5): 1157–1163. Bibcode:2009CrRes..30.1157G. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2009.05.001.
* Moratalla, J.J.; Hernán, J. (2008). "Los Cayos S y D: dos afloramientos con icnitas de saurópodos, terópodos y ornitópodos en el Cretácico Inferior del área de Los Cayos (Cornago, La Rioja, España)". Estudios Geológicos. 64 (2): 161–173. doi:10.3989/egeol.08642.043.
* Taylor, M.P.; Wedel, M.J.; Naish, D. (2009). "Head and neck posture in sauropod dinosaurs inferred from extant animals". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 54 (2): 213–220. doi:10.4202/app.2009.0007. S2CID 7582320.

### Hadrosaur chewing study

A study titled "Quantitative analysis of dental microwear in hadrosaurid dinosaurs, and the implications for hypotheses of jaw mechanics and feeding" is published by British paleontologists Mark Purnell, Paul Barrett and student Vince Williams. The paper examined the chewing methods and diet of hadrosaurid ("duck billed") dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous period. The scientists analyzed hundreds of microscopic scratches on the teeth of a fossilized Edmontosaurus jaw, and believe they determined exactly how a hadrosaur broke down and ate its food, which had previously eluded researchers.
The study found hadrosaurs had a unique way of eating unlike any creature living today. In contrast to a flexible lower jaw joint prevalent in today's mammals, hadrosaurs had a unique hinge between the upper jaws and the rest of its skull. The team found the dinosaur's upper jaws pushed outwards and sideways while chewing, as the lower jaw slid against the upper teeth.
The study also concluded that hadrosaurs likely grazed on horsetails and vegetation close to the ground, rather than browsing higher-growing leaves and twigs. However, Purnell said these conclusions were less secure than the more conclusive evidence regarding the motion of teeth while chewing. Previous studies found contradictory conclusions, and the issue remains a subject of debate.
The findings were published on June 30, 2009 in the journal, The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Purnell said no previous study had ever employed this method of analyzing microscopic teeth scratches, and that the method could be used to study other areas of scientific research.

### New taxa

Data courtesy of George Olshevky's dinosaur genera list. ~44 dinosaur genera were erected in 2009.
| Name | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
| Adeopapposaurus | Valid | Ricardo N. Martínez | | Cañón del Colorado Formation | Argentina | | Adeopapposaurus |
| Aerosteon | Valid | Sereno R. N. Martinez et al. | | Rio Colorado Formation | Argentina | | Aerosteon |
| Albalophosaurus | Valid | Ohashi Barrett | | Kuwajima Formation | Japan | | |
| Albertonykus | Valid | Longrich Currie | lower Maastrichtian | Horseshoe Canyon Formation | Canada ( Alberta) | | Albertonykus |
| Anchiornis | Valid | Xu X. Zhao Q. et al. | | Tiaojishan Formation | China | | Anchiornis |
| Angulomastacator | Valid | J. R. Wagner Lehman | | Aguja Formation | USA ( Texas) | | |
| Arenysaurus | Valid | Xabier Pereda-Suberbiolaa José Ignacio Canudob et al. | | | Spain | A Spanish Lambeosaurine. | |
| Australovenator | Valid | Hocknull White et al. | | Winton Formation | Australia | An Australian Megaraptor. Specimen named "Banjo" | Australovenator |
| Baotianmansaurus | Valid | Zhang, X. Lü, J. et al. | | Gaogou Formation | China | | |
| Barrosasaurus | Valid | Salgado Coria | | Anacleto Formation | Argentina | | |
| Ceratonykus | Valid | Alifanov Barsbold | | Barun Goyot Formation | Mongolia | | Ceratonykus |
| Diamantinasaurus | Valid | Hocknull White et al. | | Winton Formation | Australia | An Australian Titanosaur. | Diamantinasaurus |
| Elrhazosaurus | Valid | Galton | | Elrhaz Formation | Niger | | |
| Helioceratops | Valid | Jin Chen et al. | | Quantou Formation | China | | Helioceratops |
| Hesperonychus | Valid | Longrich Currie | | Dinosaur Park Formation | Canada | Smallest known dinosaur from North America. | Hesperonychus |
| Jintasaurus | Valid | You Li | | Xinminpu Group | China | | |
| Kinnareemimus | Valid | Buffetaut Suteethorn Tong | | Sao Khua Formation | Thailand | | |
| Kol | Valid | Turner Nesbitt Norell | | Djadochta Formation | Mongolia | | Kol |
| Leshansaurus | Valid | Li Peng et al. | | Shangshaximiao Formation | China | | |
| Levnesovia | Valid | Sues Averianov | | Bissekty Formation | Uzbekistan | The oldest Hadrosauroidean | |
| Limusaurus | Valid | Xu | | Shishugou Formation | China | The first Asian ceratosaur to be discovered | Limusaurus |
| Luoyanggia | Valid | Lü Xu et al. | | Mangchuan Formation | China | An oviraptorosaur | |
| Malarguesaurus | Valid | González Riga Previtera Pirrone | | Portezuelo Formation | Argentina | | |
| Minotaurasaurus | Valid | Clifford A. Miles Clark J. Mikes | | | Mongolia | | Minotaurasaurus |
| Miragaia | Valid | Mateus Maidment Christiansen | | Sobral Unit | Portugal | Long-necked stegosaur. | Miragaia |
| Nothronychus graffami | Valid | Zanno et al.' | | Tropic Shale Formation | USA | A therizinosaurid. | Nothronychus graffami |
| Owenodon | Valid | Galton | | Purbeck Limestone | UK | | Owenodon |
| Panphagia | Valid | Martinez Alcober | | Ischigualasto Formation | Argentina | One of the most basal known sauropodomorph. | Panphagia |
| Qiaowanlong | Valid | You Li | | Xinminpu Group | China | | Qiaowanlong |
| Raptorex | | Sereno Brusatte et al. | | Yixian Formation | China | Tyrannosauroidea | Raptorex |
| Ruyangosaurus | Valid | Lu Xu et al. | | Mangchuan Formation | China | | Ruyangosaurus |
| Shaochilong | Valid | Brusatte Benson et al. | | Ulansuhai Formation | China | | Shaochilong |
| Shidaisaurus | Valid | Wu Currie et al. | | Upper Lufeng Formation | China | | |
| Sinotyrannus | Valid | Ji Ji Zhang | | Jiufotang Formation | China | | |
| Skorpiovenator | Valid | Canale Scanferla et al. | | Huincul Formation | Argentina | | Skorpiovenator |
| Spinophorosaurus | | Remes Ortega et al. | | Irhazer Group | Niger | Sauropoda | Spinophorosaurus |
| Tatankacephalus | Valid | Parsons Parsons | | Cloverly Formation | USA ( Montana) | | |
| Tawa | Valid | Nesbitt Smith et al. | | Chinle Formation | USA ( New Mexico) | | Tawa |
| Tethyshadros | Valid | Dalla Vecchia | | Liburnia Formation | Italy | | |
| Tianyulong | Valid | Zheng You et al. | | Tiaojishan Formation | China | | Tianyulong |
| Wintonotitan | Valid | Hocknull White et al. | | Winton Formation | Australia | | Wintonotitan |
| Xianshanosaurus | Valid | Lü Xu et al. | | Mangchuan Formation | China | A sauropod | |
| "Xinghesaurus" | Nomen nudum | Hasegawa Carpenter et al. | | | | Name published without scientific description in Japanese guidebook "Dinosaur Expo 2009: The Miracle of Deserts" | |
| Zanabazar | Valid | Norell Makovicky et al. | | Nemegt Formation | Mongolia | | Zanabazar |

### Aves
#### Research

* Anfinson, O.A.; Lockley, M.G.; Kim, S.H.; Kim, K.S.; Kim, J.Y. (2009). "First report of the small bird track Koreanaornis from the Cretaceous of North America: implications for avian ichnotaxonomy and paleoecology" (PDF). Cretaceous Research. 30 (4): 885–894. Bibcode:2009CrRes..30..885A. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2009.02.001.
* Lockley, M.; Chin, K.; Houck, K.; Matsukawa, M.; Kukihara, R. (2009). "New interpretations of Ignotornis, the first-reported Mesozoic avian footprints: implications for the paleoecology and behavior of an enigmatic Cretaceous bird" (PDF). Cretaceous Research. 30 (4): 1041–1061. Bibcode:2009CrRes..30.1041L. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2009.04.001.
* Bell, A.; Everhart, M.J. (2009). "A new specimen of Parahesperornis (Aves: Hesperornithiformes) from the Smoky Hill Chalk (Early Campanian) of western Kansas". Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science. 112 (1/2): 7–14. doi:10.1660/062.112.0202. S2CID 86083098.

#### Newly described birds

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
| Alamitornis minutus | Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | Valid | Federico L. Agnolin Agustín G. Martinelli | Late Cretaceous | Los Alamitos Formation | Argentina | Placed in ?Patagopterygiformes by Agnolin and Martinelli. | |
| Australotadorna alecwilsoni | Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | Valid | Trevor H. Worthy | Late Oligocene | Etadunna Formation | Australia | An Anatidae. | |
| Bonasa nini | Sp. nov. | Valid | Antonio Sánchez Marco | Early Pleistocene | Lower Elefante, TE 13 layer | Spain | A Phasianidae. | |
| Calidris janossyi | Sp. nov. | Valid | Jenö Kessler | Late Miocene | MN 13 | Hungary | Originally described as a member of Scolopacidae belonging to the genus Calidris; Zelenkov, Volkova and Gorobets (2016) reinterpreted it as a member of Turnicidae and transferred it to the genus Ortyxelos. | |
| Calonectris kurodai | Sp. nov. | Valid | Storrs L. Olson | Middle Miocene | Calvert Formation | USA ( Virginia) | A Procellariidae, the smallest of the genus. | |
| Cariama santacrucensis | Sp. nov. | Disputed | Jorge I. Noriega Sergio F. Vizcaino Susana Bargo | Early-Middle Miocene | Estancia La Costa Member, Santa Cruz Formation | Argentina | Federico L. Agnolin, 2009, made it the type species of the separate genus Noriegavis Agnolin, 2009. Originally interpreted as a seriema; Noriega & Mayr (2017) reinterpreted it as a member of the falconid genus Thegornis of uncertain specific assignment, on the basis of a reexamination of the holotype specimen. | |
| Charadrius lambrechti. | Sp. nov. | Valid | Jenö Kessler | Late Miocene | MN 13 | Hungary | A Scolopacidae. | |
| Clangula matraensis | Sp. nov. | Valid | Jenö Kessler | Middle Miocene | MN 6-8 | Hungary | An Anatidae. | |
| Confuciusornis feducciai | Sp. nov. | Disputed | Zuhui Zhang Chunling Gao Qingjin Meng Jinyuan Liu Lianhai Hou Guangmei Zheng | Early Cretaceous | Yixian Formation | China | A member of the family Confuciusornithidae. Considered to be a junior synonym of Confuciusornis sanctus by Wang, O'Connor & Zhou (2018). | |
| Cygnopterus neogradiensis | Sp. nov. | Valid | Jenö Kessler János Hír | Middle Miocene | Sajóvölgy Formation, MN 7-8 | Hungary | An Anatidae. | |
| Diomedeoides harmati | Sp. nov. | Valid | Jenö Kessler | Early Oligocene | MP 24 | Hungary | A Diomedeoididae Fischer, 1985, placed in Rupelornis van Beneden, 1871 by Gerald Mayr and Thierry Smith, 2012 | |
| Egretta polgardiensis | Sp. nov. | Disputed | Jenö Kessler | Late Miocene | MN 13 | Hungary | Originally described as a member of Ardeidae and a species of Egretta; however, Zelenkov (2017) considered this species to be a junior synonym of the barn-owl species Tyto campiterrae Jánossy (1991). | |
| Elbretornis bonapartei | Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | Valid | Cyril A. Walker Gareth J. Dyke | Maastrichtian | Lecho Formation | Argentina | An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Euenantiornithes Chiappe, 2002, this is the type species of the new genus. | |
| Eoanseranas handae | Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | Valid | Trevor H. Worthy John D. Scanlon | Late Oligocene – Early Miocene | Riverleigh World Heritage Property | Australia | An Anseranatidae, this is the type species of the new genus. | |
| Gansugyps linxiaensis | Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | Valid | Zhang Zihui Zheng Xiaoting Zheng Guangmei Hou Lianhai | Late Miocene | Upper Liushu Formation | China | An Accipitridae, this is the type species of the new genus. | |
| Heliadornis minor | Sp. nov. | Valid | Jenö Kessler | Late Pliocene | MN 15-16 | Slovakia | A Phaethontidae. | |
| Heliornis sumeghensis | Sp. nov. | Valid | Jenö Kessler | Late Miocene | MN 11-12 | Hungary | A Heliornithidae | |
| Jianchangornis microdonta | Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | Valid | Zhou Zhonghe Zhang Fucheng Li Zhiheng | Early Cretaceous Albian | Jiufotang Formation | China | A basal Ornithurae Haeckel, 1866, this is the type species of the new genus. | |
| Martinavis minor | Sp. nov. | Valid | Cyril A. Walker Gareth J. Dyke | Late Cretaceous Maastrichtian | Lecho Formation | Argentina | An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Euenantiornithes Chiappe, 2002. | |
| Martinavis saltariensis | Sp. nov. | Valid | Cyril A. Walker Gareth J. Dyke | Late Cretaceous Maastrichtian | Lecho Formation | Argentina | An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Euenantiornithes Chiappe, 2002. | |
| Martinavis whetstonei | Sp. nov. | Valid | Cyril A. Walker Gareth J. Dyke | Late Cretaceous Maastrichtian | Lecho Formation | Argentina | An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Euenantiornithes Chiappe, 2002. | |
| Megalocoturnix cordoni | Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | Valid | Antonio Sánchez Marco | Early Pliocene | Ruscinian, MN 15 | Spain | A Phasianidae, this is the type species of the new genus. | |
| Megapaloelodus peiranoi | Sp. nov. | Valid | Federico L. Agnolin | Late Miocene | Andalhualá Formation | Argentina | A Phoenicopteriformes, Palaelodidae Stejneger, 1885. | |
| Mergus minor | Sp. nov. | Valid | Jenö Kessler | Middle Miocene | MN 6-8 | Hungary | An Anatidae. | |
| Miocepphus blowi | Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | Valid | Erik Wijnker Storrs L. Olson | Late Miocene | Eastover Formation; Breda Formation Mill | USA ( Virginia)  Netherlands | An Alcidae. | |
| Miocepphus bohaskai | Sp. nov. | Valid | Erik Wijnker Storrs L. Olson | Late Miocene | Eastover Formation; Breda Formation Mill | USA ( Maryland and Virginia)  Netherlands | An Alcidae. | |
| Miocepphus mergulellus | Sp. nov. | Valid | Erik Wijnker Storrs L. Olson | Late Miocene | Eastover Formation | USA ( North Carolina) | An Alcidae. | |
| Palaeocryptonyx novaki | Sp. nov. | Valid | Antonio Sánchez Marco | Late Pliocene | Villanyan, MN 16 | Spain | A Phasianidae. | |
| Paracoracias occidentalis | Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | Valid | Julia A. Clarke Daniel T. Ksepka N. Adam Smith Mark A. Norell | Eocene | Green River Formation | USA ( Wyoming) | A stem Coraiiformes. | |
| Pinpanetta fromensis | Sp. nov. | Valid | Trevor H. Worthy | Late Oligocene | Etadunna Formation | Australia | An Anatidae. | |
| Pinpanetta tedfordi | Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | Valid | Trevor H. Worthy | Late Oligocene | Etadunna Formation | Australia | An Anatidae, this is the type species of the new genus. | |
| Pinpanetta vickersrichae | Sp. nov. | Valid | Trevor H. Worthy | Late Oligocene | Etadunna Formation | Australia | An Anatidae. | |
| Podiceps csarnotatus | Sp. nov. | Valid | Jenö Kessler | Late Pliocene | MN 15-16 | Hungary | A Podicipedidae. | |
| Porzana kretzoii | Sp. nov. | Valid | Jenö Kessler | Late Miocene | MN 13 | Hungary | A member of the family Rallidae. Originally described as a species Porzana; Zelenkov (2017) transferred this species to the genus Zapornia. | |
| Porzana matraensis | Sp. nov. | Valid | Jenö Kessler | Middle Miocene | MN 6-8 | Hungary | A Rallidae. | |
| Primozygodactylus eunjooae | Sp. nov. | Valid | Gerald Mayr Nikita V. Zelenkov | Middle Eocene | MP 11 | Germany | A Zygodactylidae Brodkorb, 1971. | |
| Pseudocepphus teres | Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | Valid | Erik Wijnker Storrs L. Olson | Late Miocene | St. Marys Formation | USA ( Maryland) | An Alcidae, this is the type species of the new genus. | |
| Rapaxavis pani | Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | Valid | Eric M. Morschhauser David J. Varricchio Gao Chunling Liu Jinyuan Wang Xuri Cheng Xiadong Meng Qingjin | Early Cretaceous | Jiufotang Formation | China | An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Longipterygidae Zhang, Zhou, Hou et Gu, 2000, this is the type species of the new genus. | |
| Rupephaps taketake | Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | Valid | Trevor H. Worthy Suzanne J. Hand Jennifer P. Worthy Alan J. D. Tennyson R. Paul Scofield | Early Miocene, Altonian | Bannockburn Formation | New Zealand | A Columbidae, this is the type species of the new genus. | |
| Sapeornis angustis | Sp. nov. | Valid | Pauline Provini Zhou Zhonghe Zhang Fucheng | Early Cretaceous, Aptian | Jiufotang Formation | China | A Sapeornithidae Zhou et Zhang, 2006. | |
| Selenornis steendorpensis | Sp. nov. | Valid | Gerald Mayr | Early Oligocene, MP ?23-24 | Boom Formation | Belgium | A Tytonidae, Selenornithinae Mourer-Chauviré, 1987. | |
| Shanweiniao cooperorum | Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | Valid | Jingmai K. O'Connor Xuri Wang Luis M. Chiappe Chunling Gao Qingjin Meng Xiaodong Cheng Jinyuan Liu | Early Cretaceous | Yixian Formation | China | An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Familia Longipterygidae Zhang, Zhou, Hou et Gu, 2000, this is the type species of the new genus. | Shanweiniao cooperorum |
| Talpanas lippa | Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | Valid | Storrs L. Olson Helen F. James | Holocene | Kauai | USA ( Hawaii) | An Anatidae, Kaua'i Mole Duck, a Hawaiian duck that probably lived a kiwi-like lifestyle, this is the type species of the new genus. | |
| Tologuica aurorae | Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | Valid | Nikita V. Zelenkov Evgeny N. Kurochkin | Middle Miocene | Ööshin Formation | Mongolia | A Phasianidae, this is the type species of the new genus. | |
| Tologuica karhui | Sp. nov. | Valid | Nikita V. Zelenkov Evgeny N. Kurochkin | Middle Miocene | Ööshin Formation | Mongolia | A Phasianidae. | |

### Pterosaurs

* Lü, J. (2009). "A new non-pterodactyloid pterosaur from Qinglong County, Hebei Province of China". Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition). 83 (2): 189–199. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2009.00062.x. S2CID 247739978.
* Vullo, R.; Neraudeau, D. (2009). "Pterosaur remains from the Cenomanian (Late Cretaceous) Paralic Deposits of Charentes, Western France". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 29 (1): 277–282. Bibcode:2009JVPal..29..277V. doi:10.1080/02724634.2009.10010380. S2CID 197536660.
Newly named pterosaurs :
| Name | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
| Carniadactylus | Valid | Dalla Vecchia | Late Triassic | | Italy | A campylognathoidid with a wingspan of about 70 cm. | |
| Changchengopterus | Valid | Lü | Middle Jurassic | Tiaojishan Formation | China | A primitive long-tailed pterosaur related to Dorygnathus. | |
| Ningchengopterus | Valid | Lü | Early Cretaceous | Yixian Formation | China | A pterodactyloid known from a juvenile specimen whose fossils preserved details of the flight membrane and fur. | Ningchengopterus. |
| Wukongopterus | Valid | Wang Kellner Jiang Meng | Late Jurassic | Daohugou Beds | China | A primitive long tailed pterosaur. The type specimen shows evidence of the animal having broken its shin while alive. | Wukongopterus |