OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Social Contract (Britain)

The Social Contract was a policy of the Labour governments of Harold Wilson and James Callaghan in 1970s Britain. The contract referred to a pact between the Labour government and the Trades Union Congress (TUC) in order to allow the former to govern the country more effectively. The main goal of the Social Contract was the control of wage inflation
In return for a package of measures, such as the repeal of the Industrial Relations Act 1971, increased social expenditure, and measures to control the cost of living, such as food subsidies, price controls and a freeze on rent increases, the trade unions would ensure that their members would cooperate with a programme of voluntary wage restraint, in which pay rises were held down to limits set down by the government.

## Background

The idea for the contract was drawn up in January 1973 by Harold Wilson and Vic Feather of the TUC, in a document entitled Economic Policy and the Cost of Living. It was adopted as Labour Party policy soon after. It represented Labour's attempt at combating the rampant inflation which took hold in the early-1970s following the "Barber boom" and the 1973 oil crisis, by utilizing their close links with the trade union movement. The trade unions were a powerful force in 1970s Britain, with more than 13 million members.

## Results

When Labour returned to government in the February 1974 election The Social Contract was put into practice. For the first four years it operated with reasonable success, although rising unemployment may have contributed to the decline in inflation. Cuts in public spending imposed by the IMF after 1976, left the government unable to deliver the increased social expenditure which had been promised as part of the package. Nevertheless, inflation did decline significantly; it peaked at 26.9% in August 1975, and then steadily declined, reaching 12.9% in July 1976, it edged up to 17.7% the following June, before falling to 7.4% in June 1978. However James Callaghan's attempt at holding pay rises to 5% or less in late 1978, caused the unions to reject further pay restraint. The result was a breakdown in the government's pay policy, and widespread strikes in favour of higher pay rises over the winter of 1978–79, which became known as the Winter of Discontent.

## Influence in other countries

The Australian Labor Party adopted a modified version of the social contract, known as the Prices and Incomes Accord, which was introduced by the Labor government of Bob Hawke in 1983, and operated until 1996. The Accord was introduced by Ralph Willis, the Minister of Employment Relations, who had made a fact-finding mission to Britain in the late-1970s. In Willis's view, the social contract had been fairly successful, but fell apart because of what he saw as the inflexible and unrealistic 5% pay policy, he determined that similar mistakes would not be made in Australia. Other countries also adopted similar policies, such as the Wassenaar Agreement in the Netherlands.
# Fujairah Club Stadium

Fujairah Stadium is a multi-use stadium located in Fujairah, United Arab Emirates. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of Fujairah SC. The stadium holds 10,645 people. The stadium was opened on May 1st, 1986 and renovated in 1993, 1995 and 2015.
# Reena Raggi

Reena Andrea Raggi (born May 11, 1951) is a senior United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit and maintains her chambers in Brooklyn, New York. She was formerly a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York.

## Education and background

Raggi earned her Bachelor of Arts degree from Wellesley College in 1973, where she was elected to Phi Beta Kappa. She later earned her Juris Doctor from Harvard Law School, where she served as a member of the Board of Student Advisers, graduating cum laude in 1976. Following her graduation from law school in 1976, she served for a year as a law clerk for Judge Thomas E. Fairchild of the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit.
She was admitted to the bar in New York, and joined the Manhattan law firm of Cahill Gordon & Reindel until her appointment as an Assistant United States Attorney for the Eastern District of New York in 1979, serving in that capacity until her appointment in 1986 as Interim U.S. Attorney. Later that year, she returned to private law practice at the New York City law firm of Windels, Marx, Davies, and Ives.

## Federal judicial service
### District court service

President Ronald Reagan nominated Raggi to the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York on January 20, 1987, to a seat vacated by Judge Frank Altimari, who was elevated to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit on December 11, 1985. She was confirmed on May 7, 1987. She received her commission on the same day. She was the first woman to serve on the 14-member bench in the Eastern District of New York and, at 35 years old, one of the youngest federal judges in the United States. Raggi presided over the Golden Venture trial, in which a ship carrying around 300 would-be immigrants from China crash-landed on a sandbar off Queens, New York, in June 1993. Her service as a district court judge was terminated on October 7, 2002, when she was elevated to the court of appeals.

### Court of appeals service

President George W. Bush nominated Raggi for the Second Circuit on May 1, 2002, to replace Judge Amalya Kearse, who assumed senior status on June 11, 2002. She was confirmed by the United States Senate on September 20, 2002, by a 85–0 vote. She received her commission on October 4, 2002. She assumed senior status on August 31, 2018.
Raggi is known for her aggressive questioning of lawyers from the bench.
# Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest 1980

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]]
Sweden was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1980 with the song "Just nu!", written and performed by Tomas Ledin. The Swedish participating broadcaster, Sveriges Television (SVT), selected its entry through Melodifestivalen 1980.

## Before Eurovision
### Melodifestivalen 1980

Melodifestivalen 1980 was the selection for the 20th song to represent Sweden at the Eurovision Song Contest. It was the 19th time that this system of picking a song had been used. 120 songs were submitted to Sveriges Television (SVT) for the competition. The final was held in the SVT Studios in Stockholm on 8 March 1980, presented by Bengt Bedrup and broadcast on TV1 but was not broadcast on radio.
| Draw | Artist | Song | Songwriter(s) | Points | Place |
| 1 | Tomas Ledin | "Just nu!" | Tomas Ledin | 112 | 1st |
| 2 | Paul Paljett | "Tusen sekunder" | Britta Johansson, Torgny Söderberg | 32 | 9th |
| 3 | Kenta | "Utan att fråga" | Kenta Gustafsson, Bo Rosendahl | 56 | 6th |
| 4 | Eva Dahlgren | "Jag ger mig inte" | Eva Dahlgren | 48 | 7th |
| 5 | Ted Gärdestad and Annica Boller | "Låt solen värma dig" | Ted Gärdestad, Kenneth Gärdestad | 57 | 5th |
| 6 | Chips | "Mycke' mycke' mer" | Torgny Söderberg, Lasse Holm | 75 | 4th |
| 7 | Liza Öhman | "Hit men inte längre" | Bengt Palmers | 94 | 3rd |
| 8 | Lasse Lindbom | "För dina bruna ögons skull" | Per Gessle, Mats Persson | 27 | 10th |
| 9 | Janne Lucas | "Växeln hallå" | Lasse Holm, Gert Lengstrand | 96 | 2nd |
| 10 | Tania | "Å sjuttiotal" | Torgny Söderberg | 41 | 8th |

#### Voting

| Song | Luleå | Falun | Karlstad | Gothenburg | Umeå | Örebro | Norrköping | Malmö | Sundsvall | Växjö | Stockholm | Total |
| "Just nu!" | 12 | 8 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 12 | 10 | 12 | 12 | 6 | 10 | 112 |
| "Tusen sekunder" | 2 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 32 |
| "Utan att fråga" | 5 | 12 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 8 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 56 |
| "Jag ger mig inte" | 4 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 8 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 48 |
| "Låt solen värma dig" | 6 | 2 | 12 | 7 | 7 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 57 |
| "Mycke' mycke' mer" | 8 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 12 | 8 | 5 | 10 | 7 | 75 |
| "Hit men inte längre" | 7 | 10 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 10 | 10 | 8 | 12 | 94 |
| "För dina bruna ögons skull" | 1 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 27 |
| "Växeln hallå" | 10 | 7 | 7 | 12 | 12 | 10 | 7 | 4 | 7 | 12 | 8 | 96 |
| "Å sjuttiotal" | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 41 |

## At Eurovision

At the final in The Hague, he came 10th (out of 19) with 47 points. He had the draw number #8. As of 2021, this is the most recent occasion on which Sweden has failed to score any points from the other participating Nordic nations (and, in turn, it was the last contest final until 2024 to see the Swedish jury fail to award any points to another Nordic nation, save for 2016 when Sweden was the only Nordic nation in the final).
# Romasanta

Romasanta, also known as Romasanta, la caza de la bestia in Spanish, and Romasanta: The Werewolf Hunt in English, is a 2004 Spanish-Italian-British horror film directed by Paco Plaza and starring Julian Sands, Elsa Pataky and John Sharian. It is available on DVD from Lion's Gate Entertainment under the title Werewolf Hunt.
Based on a script by Alfredo Conde, according to the end credits the film is based on a true story, that of Manuel Blanco Romasanta, Spain’s first documented serial killer. Conde is a descendant of one of the doctors involved the original Werewolf of Allariz court case that took place in 1853/54 in Galicia, Spain. He went on to write a fictional novel, The Uncertain Memoirs of a Galician Wolfman: Romasanta. The same case previously provided the basis for the 1968 Spanish film El bosque del lobo ("The Wolf's Forest").

## Plot

The story takes place in 1851 in a small Spanish village apparently plagued by what we would now call a serial killer, as corpses are discovered bearing both savage mutilation and precise surgical incisions. Clues point toward Manuel Romasanta, who confesses to the crimes, but claims that he is a victim of lycanthropy. A scientist, Professor Philips, argues that Romasanta suffers not from a supernatural curse but from a mental disorder.

## Cast

* Julian Sands as Manuel Romasanta
* Elsa Pataky as Barbara
* John Sharian as Antonio
* David Gant as Professor Philips
* Gary Piquer as District Attorney Luciano de la Bastida
* Maru Valdivielso as Maria
* Luna McGill as Teresa
* Carlos Reig-Plaza as Gomez
* Ivana Baquero as Ana

## Production

Romasanta was filmed on location in Galicia, Spain.

## Release

Romasanta was given a straight-to-video release in the United States on 22 November 2005 under the alternate title of Werewolf Hunter.

## Reception
### Critical response

Jonathan Holland of Variety commended the film for its cinematography, visual and audio effects, as well as Sands' and Pataky's performances; but felt that the romance was underdeveloped, stating that the script covered too much ground and lacked "dramatic focus". Jon Condit of Dread Central rated the film a score of four out of five, offering similar praise, also commending its gothic atmosphere and historical and scientific context, while criticizing the film's slow pacing. Cinema Crazed's Felix Vasquez gave the film a mostly positive review, calling it "a grim, bleak, and original peak into the rare disease of lycanthropy, and posits a new take on the werewolf genre; while noting the film's plot holes, and 'confusing' characterizations. AllMovie's Jeremy Wheeler praised the film's cinematography, production values, special effects, and performances.

### Awards

Romasanta was nominated for a number of Spanish awards, including two Goya Awards (Best Cinematography and Best Special Effects) and two Barcelona Film Awards (Best Film Editing and Best New Director).
# Clulow

Clulow is a surname. Notable people with this surname include:
* Jennifer Clulow (born 1942), British actress and television presenter
* William Benton Clulow (1802–1882), British minister
# Hirokazu Ueno

Hirokazu Ueno (上野 裕和, Ueno Hirokazu, April 13, 1977) is a Japanese retired professional shogi player who achieved the rank of 6-dan, and a former executive director of the Japan Shogi Association (JSA).

## Shogi professional

The JSA announced on its official website at the beginning of April 2023 that Ueno had met the Free Class criteria for retirement and that his retirement would become official upon completion of his last official game. Ueno's retirement became official on May 16, 2023, after losing to Tomoki Yokoyama in a 36th Ryūō Class 6 game. Ueno finished his career with a record of 208 wins and 307 losses for a winning percentage of 40.4%.

### Promotion history

The promotion history for Ueno wasis as follows:
* 6-kyū: 1991
* 1-dan: 1997
* 4-dan: October 1, 2000
* 5-dan: April 1, 2007
* 6-dan: April 1, 2019
* Retired: May 16, 2023

## JSA director

Ueno served as an executive director of the JSA in 2009 and 2010.
# Peter Plaoul

Peter Plaoul (1353–1415; Latin: Petrus Plaoul, French: Pierre Plaoul) was a late medieval Scholastic philosopher and theologian. Born in Liege, he was educated at the University of Paris and remained an active member of the University until he was made Bishop of Senlis in 1409.
While the content of his thought remains relatively unknown, Plaoul is often noted for his role in ending the Great Schism. He was present at the three French clergy councils in the 1390s called by King Charles the VI. There he advocated for the withdrawal of obedience from the Avignon Pope. He was also a speaker at the Council of Pisa, where the members attempted to end the schism by electing a third pope. Peter became sick and died before he could take part in the Council of Constance, which finally brought an end to the schism.
# Shōjirō Ishibashi

Shōjirō Ishibashi (石橋 正二郎, Ishibashi Shōjirō, February 1, 1889 – September 11, 1976) was a Japanese businessman who founded the Bridgestone Corporation, the world's largest maker of tires, in 1931 in the city of Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan. the company was named after its founder: in the Japanese language, ishi means "stone" and hashi (here voiced to bashi) means "bridge", whence the origin of the company's name in English.
After the end of the Second World War and the subsequent occupation of Japan, Ishibashi became extensively embroiled in Japanese politics. Ishibashi was close to Ichiro Hatoyama, who was a rival to prime minister Shigeru Yoshida. Ishibashi became an advisor to Hatoyama on Japan's post-war economic development, expressing his views on the economic policy of the parties of Hatoyama's political affiliation.
Ishibashi's daughter, Yasuko Hatoyama, became heir to Ishibashi's considerable fortune and has used the inheritance to fund her family's political causes. She married former Japanese Foreign Minister Iichirō Hatoyama. The couple had two sons, who are Ishibashi's grandchildren – politicians Kunio Hatoyama, who served as Minister of Internal Affairs and Communications, and Yukio Hatoyama, who was Prime Minister from September 16, 2009, to June 8, 2010.
Ishibashi's motto for Bridgestone was to "serve society with products of superior quality". He founded Ishibashi Cultural Center and the Bridgestone Museum of Art (also located at 10 Kyobashi 1-chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104) and was a major benefactor of the Tokyo National Museum of Modern Art, having also constructed the building in which it is housed.

## Prince Motor Company

Ishibashi made sure of birth and the end of the Prince Motor Company.
* February 1949 – Ishibashi financed the Tokyo Electric Car Company (one of the successors of the Tachikawa Aircraft Company) and became the Chairperson of the Board.
* November 1949 – Tokyo Electric Car changed its name to Tama Electric Car Company.
* November 1950 – Tama Electric Car ordered the new gasoline engine from the Fuji Precision Industries (one of the successors of the disbanded Nakajima Aircraft Company).
* April 1951 – Ishibashi bought most of the stock of the Fuji Precision Industries and became the Chairperson of the Board. At this time, Ishibashi owned both Tokyo Electric Car and Fuji Precision.
* November 1951 – Tama Electric Car changed its name to the Tama Motor Company.
* November 1952 – Tama Motor Company changed its name to the Prince Motor Company.
* April 1954 – Prince Motor Company was merged into Fuji Precision. (Prior to this, two of them were owned by Ishibashi.)
* February 1961 – Fuji Precision returned its name to Prince Motor Company again.
* May 1965 – Ishibashi (the owner of Prince), Hidehiko Ogawa (the president of Prince) and Katsuji Kawamata (the president of Nissan) signed a merger memorandum.
* August 1966 – Prince was merged into Nissan.
# Asian Correspondent

Asian Correspondent was an English language news website launched in October 2009 by Hybrid (media company) that combined articles by professional journalists, bloggers and news wire content in one website. Asian Correspondent was the online partner for the Associated Press in Asia, and provided breaking news, opinion pieces, and analysis for the Asia-Pacific region.
As of 20 Sept 2021, the website is gone, and any attempts to load a page within the www.asiancorrespondent.com domain are redirected to techhq.com.

## Content

Asian Correspondent is a combination of news stories, analysis, and blog content, a format which has earned the website comparisons to the Huffington Post. The site is divided in sections including News, Politics, Education, Media, Environment, Culture, Travel, and Technology.
Less than a year after its creation, in May 2010, Asian Correspondent hit the millionth visitor mark,

## In the media

Asian Correspondent is often quoted in other media. Qz.com has cited its content on multiple occasions, most recently in May 2014 for its coverage of the military coup in Thailand, as well as in July 2013 for a story about bitcoin.
# Tevie Miller

Tevie Harold Miller (January 1, 1928 – August 21, 1996) was a Canadian lawyer and judge. He served as Chancellor of the University of Alberta from 1986 to 1990.
Miller was born in Edmonton to Abe Miller, a lawyer, and Rebecca Griesdorf Miller. He attended the University of Alberta (BA 1949, LLB 1950) and was a lawyer. He was appointed as a judge in 1974. From 1984 to 1993, he was Associate Chief Justice of the Court of Queen's Bench. He also served on the Supreme Court of the Northwest and Yukon Territories as a Deputy Judge. Miller was a member of the University of Alberta's Board of Governors and Senate, and elected to serve as Chancellor from 1986 to 1990. In 1996, he died of pancreatic cancer.
# Predrag Vejin

Predrag Vejin (born 17 December 1992) is a Serbian handball player who plays for RK Nexe Našice and the Serbia national team.
# Abraham Benjamin Conger

Abraham Benjamin Conger (July 14, 1887 – December 9, 1953) was a politician from Georgia and United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Middle District of Georgia.

## Education and career

Born in Tift County, Georgia, Conger received an Artium Baccalaureus degree from Mercer University in 1911 and a Bachelor of Laws from the Walter F. George School of Law at Mercer University in 1912. He was in private practice in Bainbridge, Georgia from 1912 to 1949, also serving as a member of the Georgia House of Representatives from 1915 to 1916, and as Mayor of Bainbridge from 1922 to 1923.

## Federal judicial service

On May 19, 1949, Conger was nominated by President Harry S. Truman to a new seat on the United States District Court for the Middle District of Georgia created by 63 Stat. 16. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on June 2, 1949, and received his commission on June 6, 1949. He served until his death on December 9, 1953.
# Eugene F. Lynch

Eugene F. Lynch (December 2, 1931 – October 9, 2019) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of California.

## Education and career

Born in San Francisco, California, Lynch received a Bachelor of Science degree from the Santa Clara University in 1953 and a Bachelor of Laws from the University of California, Hastings College of the Law in 1958. He was in the United States Army from 1953 to 1955 and became a captain. He was in private practice in San Francisco from 1959 to 1971. He was a judge on the Municipal Court of San Francisco, California from 1971 to 1974. He was a judge on the Superior Court of the City and County of San Francisco, California from 1974 to 1982.

## Federal judicial service

Lynch was nominated by President Ronald Reagan on January 25, 1982, to a seat on the United States District Court for the Northern District of California vacated by Judge Charles Byron Renfrew. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on March 4, 1982, and received his commission on March 9, 1982. He assumed senior status on March 14, 1997. Lynch served in that capacity until his retirement from the federal bench on July 12, 1997.
# Stepdog

Stepdog is a 1983 children's book by Marlene Fanta Shyer, with illustrations by Judith Schermer. Shyer's story revolves around a girl's excitement over her father's new wife, and the jealousy the latter's pet dog develops after they wed. It received positive reviews, and several publications throughout the 1980s discussed its portrayal of stepfamily dynamics.

## Plot

A girl named Terry is excited that her father will soon marry a new wife, Marilyn, as they all move to a summer lakeshore home. The father is confident his daughter will enjoy the company of Marilyn's pet dog, Hoover, who can "shake hands, run fast, and wag his tail at sixty miles an hour". But Hoover develops strong apathy over the thought of the marriage, leading to his jealousy and misbehavior soon after. Through consoling him and dreaming of herself as a dog, Terry comes to terms with the dog's feelings. On a later morning, she wakes up to the sight of various shoes the jealous canine collected from the family for several days, and the two thank each other in the process. The story ends with a family lake race where Terry wins and Hoover is runner-up, and Terry's confession that she likes her "stepdog" after all.

## Background

Philadelphia artist Judith Schermer's pen-and-ink illustrations for Stepdog marked the second and final appearance of her work in children's literature (despite having several forthcoming projects at the time); from that point onward, she continued her career as a painter.

## Thematic analysis

The title Stepdog, in the view of Marilyn Coleman and Lawrence H. Ganong, "is a metaphor for [being] a stepchild." According to Joe Bearden in the School Library Journal, "Poor Hoover's plight paints a sympathetic picture of a dog suffering human-like emotional disorientation due to the change in his family." Amid Terry's delight about her dad's remarriage, readers relating to her character arc "may see some of their own adjustment issues in Hoover's troubles" (Dreyer 1989).

## Reception

Stepdog received positive reviews. As the SLJ's Bearden noted, "The resolution is both believable and happy and the telling is warm and humorous". The Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books gave it an "R" (Recommended) grade. "The story is told in a light style," the journal's staff said, "[and the] pictures are of adequate quality, not technically or aestetically polished, but realistic and animated." Most enthusiastic was the Young Children journal: "[A marvelous] twist on the 'boy meets dog' theme [where] Hoover's personality radiates...he will warm the hearts of anyone who reads it!"
Critical assessment continued during the rest of the 1980s. Coleman and Ganong called the book "funny, well-written...[and] very upbeat", while the American Guidance Society publication The Bookfinder remarked, "This book should work well to initiate discussions of...remarriage [and stepfamily]." Dianne L. Monson stated that "The text is a bit fragmented at the start, but it reads more clearly as the story progresses."