# The House on Telegraph Hill

House on Telegraph Hill is a 1951 American film noir thriller directed by Robert Wise, starring Richard Basehart, Valentina Cortese, and William Lundigan. The film received an Academy Award nomination for its art direction. Telegraph Hill is a dominant hill overlooking the water in northeast San Francisco.

## Plot

Polish woman Viktoria Kowalska (Valentina Cortese) has lost her home and her husband in the German occupation of Poland, and is imprisoned in the concentration camp at Belsen. She befriends another prisoner, Karin Dernakova (Natasha Lytess), who dreams of reuniting with her young son Christopher (Gordon Gebert), who was sent to live in San Francisco with a wealthy aunt.
Karin dies shortly before the camp can be liberated, and Viktoria, seeing a way to a better life, uses Karin's papers to assume her identity. The camp is liberated by the Allies, and Viktoria is interviewed by Major Marc Bennett (William Lundigan), who gets her a place in a camp for people displaced by the war. She writes to Karin's Aunt Sophia in San Francisco, but receives a cable from lawyers that Sophia has died.
Four years later, Viktoria (still going by the name of Karin) is able to travel to New York City, where she meets with Chris's guardian Alan Spender (Richard Basehart), a distant relative of Sophia. "Karin" intends to gain custody of "her" son, but it becomes clear that Sophia has left her fortune to Chris when he comes of age. When she realizes that Alan is attracted to her, she decides that it will be easier to stay in America if she has an American husband. She allows him to romance her, and they soon marry. Alan takes Karin to San Francisco where Chris meets his "mother" for the first time, and she settles into Sophia's Italianate mansion on Telegraph Hill, where Chris lives with Alan and his governess, Margaret (Fay Baker).
Things seem idyllic at first, but tensions begin to mount between Karin and Margaret, who has not only raised Chris but also is in love with Alan. Margaret resents Karin for intruding on her life. Karin also is alarmed at the presence of a burnt-out, dangerously damaged playhouse overlooking the hill, which Chris claims to have damaged with an explosion from his toy chemistry set. He and Margaret beg her not to tell Alan because Margaret never has, but Karin is perplexed to discover that he already knows about it. Karin is pleased, however, to meet Marc Bennett again, learning he is an old schoolmate of her husband and a partner for the law firm that handles Sophia's affairs. He is attracted to Karin, as she is to him, but keeps a respectful distance.
Karin investigates the playhouse, but she is surprised by Alan while she is in there and nearly falls to her death through a hole in the floor. Alan pulls her up, but appears to be alarmed by her behavior. Soon after, the brakes on Karin's car fail on a day when Chris was supposed to be with her. She escapes unharmed but contacts Marc, telling him she believes that Alan is behind the accident, since he will inherit Sophia's money if she and Chris were to die. With Marc's help, she begins to investigate the accident, but can find no conclusive proof. She reveals her true identity and Marc tells her that he is in love with her. When he states his now-deceased father in his law firm might not have sent her the cable regarding Sophia's death, she grows significantly more nervous around Alan.
Karin discovers Sophia's newspaper obituary in Margaret's scrapbook confirming that the cable was sent three days before her death—proof that Alan must have sent it before he killed Sophia. She attempts to call Marc, but she is prevented from doing so when Alan arrives home. He does not let her out of his sight for the rest of the evening. When he brings in the orange juice that the pair drink every night before bed, she is sure her glass has been poisoned. When he briefly leaves the room, she attempts to call the police, but Alan left the phone off the hook in another room, and calls cannot be made. He returns to the bedroom and coerces her into drinking the orange juice, and after her, he drinks his own. Thinking himself safe, he confesses that he murdered Sophia and that he has given her an overdose of sedatives in her orange juice. Karin tells him that she has switched the glasses and that he has poisoned himself. She tries to telephone a doctor but cannot get through. Margaret is awakened by the commotion, and Alan begs her to call a doctor. Realizing that, in spite of his gaslighting, he doesn't love her and he will never stop trying to kill Chris, Margaret watches as Alan dies.
Margaret is arrested for refusing to aid Alan, and Karin leaves the house with Marc and Chris to begin a new life.

## Cast

* Richard Basehart as Alan Spender
* Valentina Cortese (Valentina Cortesa, in the opening credits) as Victoria Kowalska
* William Lundigan as Major Marc Bennett
* Fay Baker as Margaret
* Gordon Gebert as Christopher
* Steven Geray as Dr. Burkhardt
* Herb Butterfield as Joseph C. Callahan
* John Burton as Mr. Whitmore
* Katherine Meskill as Mrs. Whitmore
* Mario Siletti as Tony, the Grocer
* Charles Wagenheim as Man at Accident
* David Clarke as Mechanic
* Tamara Schee as Maria
* Natasha Lytess as Karin Dernakova

## Production notes

Parts of the film – including the runaway car scene – were shot on location in the Telegraph Hill area of San Francisco. Long shots of the exterior of the mansion were a combination of matte paintings and studio-made facades that were erected in front of the house at 1541 Montgomery Street. This was the location of the longtime Telegraph Hill restaurant called Julius' Castle, which closed its doors in 2008 after operating for 84 years. Closer shots of the exterior entrance and driveway were filmed on a studio lot, and scenes for the garden and backyard were filmed on the lawn of Coit Tower. The corner market seen in the film was Speedy's New Union Grocery at 301 Union at the corner of Montgomery, which also closed in 2008 after 93 years in business. Marc Bennett's office building was the Crocker flatiron building located at One Post Street, which in 1969 was demolished and replaced by the skyscraper now known as McKesson Plaza.

## Reception
### Critical response

When the film was released the staff at Variety magazine wrote, "This is a slow but interesting melodrama about a psychopathic killer, with San Francisco's quaint hill residential sections as background ... [with a] [s]inister mood, and heightened tensions, are well sustained, and performances by Basehart and Cortese convey the drama convincingly. William Lundigan is okay as the attorney who befriends the woman."
In 2006 film critic Dennis Schwartz generally liked the film, writing "Robert Wise (West Side Story/The Sound of Music) ably directs this Gothic film noir ... The stark black-and-white photography by Lucien Ballard, the good performances (especially by Basehart) and the intriguing plot developments kept me tuned in throughout even though it was slow going. Of personal interest, Basehart and the Italian actress Cortese met for the first time on this film, and fell in love and married."

### Awards

Nomination
* Academy Awards: Best Art Direction - Lyle Wheeler, John DeCuir, Thomas Little and Paul S. Fox; 1952.