OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Henry Jeffrey Flower, 6th Viscount Ashbrook

Henry Jeffrey Flower, 6th Viscount Ashbrook was an Anglo-Irish peer.
He was born on the 26th March 1829, the son of Henry Jeffrey Flower, 5th Viscount Ashbrook and Frances Robinson. Initially his surname was Walker, as his father had changed his name to secure an legacy. On 15th July 1847 he changed his surname to Flower.
In 1848 he was an Ensign in the 52nd Foot Regiment.
He was High Sheriff of Queen's County in 1856.
He was elected a member of the Royal Yacht Squadron in May 1870, with his Yacht Rainbow.

## Family

He married Emily Abingdon on 4th September 1860. They had a son, Henry Jeffrey Flower, born 27th December 1875, who predeceased him. He divorced Emily in 1877.
He died without surviving issue on 14 December 1882 at Castle Durrow, and the title Viscount Ashbrook passed to his brother William Spencer.
Peerage of Ireland :
| Preceded byHenry Jeffrey Flower | Viscount Ashbrook 1871–1882 | Succeeded byWilliam Spencer Flower |
# Mohammad Akbar Lone

Mohammad Akbar Lone (born 17 February 1947) is a Kashmiri politician who serves the state of Jammu and Kashmir and belongs to the National Conference political party.

## Early life and education

Lone is from Sonawari, Bandipora district, Jammu and Kashmir. He is the son of Abdul Gani Lone. He completed his L.L.B. in 1972 at Aligarh Muslim University.

## Career

Lone was elected speaker of Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly in 2008. He was made cabinet minister in the Omar Abdullah government on 15 January 2013 and was given portfolio of Minister in-charge of Higher Education.
In 2019, he won the Lok Sabha seat from Baramulla, in a four-cornered contest involving the PDP, BJP, Congress and five other candidates.
After the Union government revoked the special status of Jammu and Kashmir, he teamed up with fellow Lok Sabha MP, Justice Hasnain Masoodi, to file a write petition in the Supreme Court challenging the constitutionality of the revocation.
He won the 2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election representing National Conference from Sonawari Assembly constituency.

## Electoral performance

| Election | Constituency | Party | Result | Votes % | Opposition Candidate | Opposition Party | Opposition vote % |
| 2014 | Sonawari | JKNC | Won | 40.53% | Yasir Reshi | JKPDP | 40.02% |
| 2008 | Sonawari | JKNC | Won | 39.74% | Abid Hussain Ansari | Independent | 15.71% |
| 2002 | Sonawari | JKNC | Won | 58.05% | Mohammed Yousuf Parray | JKAL | 29.22% |
| 1996 | Sonawari | JKNC | Lost | 39.24% | Mohammed Yousuf Parray | JKAL | 41.15% |
| 1983 | Sonawari | JKNC | Lost | 16.57% | Ghulam Rasool Bahar | JKNC | 58.30% |
| 1977 | Sonawari | JP | Lost | 32.01% | Abdul Aziz Parray | JKNC | 67.99% |
# Newton, Nottinghamshire

Newton is a village and civil parish in the Rushcliffe district, in the county of Nottinghamshire, England. It is located 1 mile (1.6 km) south-west of East Bridgford and about 1 mile (1.6 km) south-east of the River Trent, close to the junction of the A46 Fosse Way and the A6079. It had 841 residents at the 2021 census.
RAF Newton is a disused airfield immediately to the south of Main Street. It opened in July 1940 and closed in 2000. The hangars and other buildings are now used by a number of businesses within the Newton Commercial Centre.
Newton Mill was a wooden post mill built before 1855. It ceased work c. 1920 and the buck was dismantled c. 1952. Some parts, including a stone neck bearing, were donated to the Science Museum in London. The brick roundhouse now belongs to the Crown.
# Matshobana KaMangete

Mashobane KaMangethe (c. late 18th century – c. 1820s) was a South African chief, royal healer,witch doctor and cattle herder.
Mashobane, son of chief Mangethe (Zikode), was the chief of the Khumalo tribe: a clan of Nguni people living near the Black Umfolozi river in kwaZulu, in South Africa, and was the father of Mzilikazi the founder of the Ndebele (Matabele) kingdom in Zimbabwe. Matshobana married his first wife, Nompethu KaZwide, who gave birth to Mzilikazi in 1790. He had several children, including his daughter— Ntombizodwa, who was a few years younger than Mzilikazi.
It is said that when Mashobane was in charge of a regiment invading a neighbouring tribe he was caught and had his arm amputated and was later set free.
In the early 19th century the Khumalo came under pressure to join the Ndwandwe nation due to the expanding power of the Ndwandwe chief, Mashobane's father-in-law, Zwide kaLanga. The alliance was uneasy, and the Khumalos sought help from the leader of the Mthethwa kingdom, Dingiswayo, and his protégé Shaka Zulu.
In the course of an attempted invasion of Zwide's territory, Dingiswayo was captured and put to death by Zwide. Shaka Zulu escaped capture only through the help of Chief Donda Khumalo, as a result of which Zwide ordered the deaths of all three Khumalo chiefs, Beje, Donda and Mashobane.
Beje was the only one to escape, Donda was killed and Mashobane was taken captive along with his son, Mzilikazi. In the end Zwide ordered Mashobane to be executed, while Mzilikazi became a lieutenant of Shaka Zulu before leaving him to form the Ndebele kingdom in what is now Zimbabwe.
In the 1986 South African TV series, Shaka Zulu, Mashobane was beheaded by Ndwandwe soldiers and his head given to the Sangoma Queen Ntombazi of the Ndwandwe who was Zwide's mother. Ntombazi was a feared wizard. Ntombazi had warned her son, Zwide about keeping Mashobane's head as that will bring misfortune into the Ndwandwe Kingdom. Indeed misfortune befell the kingdom as she had warned. The Ndwandwe kingdom was attacked, destroyed and Ntombazi was killed. Zwide's sons were killed, and his generals fled.
# Celluloide

Celluloide is a 1996 Italian historical drama film directed by Carlo Lizzani from a screenplay by Furio Scarpelli, Ugo Pirro and Lizzani, based on the 1983 novel of the same name by Pirro. It stars Giancarlo Giannini, Massimo Ghini, Anna Falchi, and Lina Sastri.

## Plot

The story revolves around the difficult production of Roberto Rossellini's film Rome, Open City (1945).

## Cast

* Giancarlo Giannini as Sergio Amidei
* Massimo Ghini as Roberto Rossellini
* Anna Falchi as Maria Michi
* Lina Sastri as Anna Magnani
* Massimo Dapporto as Giuseppe Amato
* Antonello Fassari as Aldo Fabrizi
* Milva as The Countess
* Christopher Walken as US Officer Rod E. Geiger
* Massimo Ciavarro as Massimo Serato
* Francesca Ventura as Jone Tuzi, the script supervisor
* Francesco Siciliano as Federico Fellini
Giuliano Montaldo has an uncredited cameo as Civalleri, one of the film's early financers.

## Production

The film was a passion project of Lizzani's, who tried to get it financed since 1983. Sabrina Ferilli was originally chosen to play Magnani, but ended up refusing. Principal photography began on 8 May 1995 in Rome.

## Accolades

| Award | Date of ceremony | Category | Recipient(s) | Result |
| David di Donatello Awards | 9 June 1996 | Best Film | Celluloide | Nominated |
| David di Donatello Awards | 9 June 1996 | Best Director | Carlo Lizzani | Nominated |
| David di Donatello Awards | 9 June 1996 | Best Actor | Giancarlo Giannini | Won |
| David di Donatello Awards | 9 June 1996 | Best Actress | Lina Sastri | Nominated |
| David di Donatello Awards | 9 June 1996 | Best Screenplay | Furio Scarpelli Ugo Pirro Carlo Lizzani | Won |
| David di Donatello Awards | 9 June 1996 | Best Score | Manuel De Sica | Won |
| David di Donatello Awards | 9 June 1996 | Best Costumes | Luciano Sagoni | Nominated |
| Nastro d'Argento Awards | 1997 | Best Director | Carlo Lizzani | Nominated |
| Nastro d'Argento Awards | 1997 | Best Costumes | Luciano Sagoni | Nominated |
| Nastro d'Argento Awards | 1997 | Best Costumes | Luciano Sagoni | Nominated |
# Christopher Bollen

Christopher Bollen (born November 26, 1975) is an American novelist and magazine writer/editor who lives in New York City.
Describing his novels, The Daily Telegraph notes that "Bollen writes expansive, psychologically probing novels in the manner of Updike, Eugenides and Franzen, but he is also an avowed disciple of Agatha Christie."

## Early life

Bollen grew up in Cincinnati, where he graduated from St. Xavier High School. He graduated Phi Beta Kappa from Columbia University in 1998.

## Career

Bollen was the editor-in-chief of Interview from early 2008 to mid-2009, after serving as editor-in-chief of V. After stepping down as editor-in-chief, he continued on as editor-at-large of Interview. On May 21, 2018, the publication ceased operations completely after nearly 50 years.
Bollen also writes about art and culture at other publications like Artforum and The New York Times.

### Novels

Bollen published his first novel, Lightning People, in 2011. Lightning People is about downtown New York City in 2007.
His second novel is titled Orient, a thriller published in May 2015 by HarperCollins named after Orient, New York (the tip of the North Fork of Long Island). The Los Angeles Times writes that Orient "might well be this summer's most ambitious thriller or this summer's most thrilling work of literary fiction." The Times further describes it as a "juicy mystery at the tip of Long Island at summer's end, when the season's fleeting pleasures have blown away, revealing the fractured and fractious year-round community that remains behind when the casual visitors have returned to the relative safety of New York City."
Bollen's third novel, The Destroyers, was published on June 27, 2017, by HarperCollins. It is set on the island of Patmos, Greece, where the Book of Revelation was thought to be written and was describing by the New York Times as "evoking a seductive mood of longing mixed with regret." It was honoured with The Fitzgerald Award in France. His fourth novel, A Beautiful Crime, was published in January 2020 by HarperCollins. The novel deals with two young gay men involved in a heist in contemporary Venice, Italy. It was a Best Book of the year 2020 by Oprah Magazine. The novel went on to be a finalist for the 2020 Los Angeles Times Book Prize.
Bollen's short story "SWAJ", a queer retelling of Peter Benchley's Jaws published in the Brooklyn Rail, was selected for inclusion in 2021's The Best American Mystery and Suspense.
Bollen's fifth novel, The Lost Americans was published in March 2023 by HarperCollins. Set in Luxor, it deals with the mysterious death of a weapons defense contractor and his sister's attempt to solve the mystery of his murder. Bollen's portrayal of a gay Egyptian character during the current political climate received particular praise. New York Times called it "sobering, shocking," "gripping and genuinely moving. The novel was a finalist for the 2024 Joseph Hansen Award for LGBTQ Crime Writing.
Bollen was a jurist for the 2023 PEN/Faulker Award for Fiction, won by Yiyun Li
# Masuda Bhatti

Masuda Bhatti is a Bangladeshi journalist who was a Commissioner of the Information Commission. She has been removed from her post on 21st January 2025 after allegations of serious misconduct against her were proven. Bhatti was known for filing a defamation lawsuit against Barrister Mainul Hosein who is connected with the opposition Bangladesh Nationalist Party and editor of New Nation daily and Daily Ittefaq.

## Early life

Bhatti was born in 1973 in Faridpur District.

## Career

In 2007, Bhatti worked as a journalist based in London. She worked as the executive editor of a weekly newspaper in London. She had contributed to Ajker Kagoj, Janomot, Moscow Time, and Prothom Alo.
Bhatti was working as a columnist in 2010.
Barrister Mainul Hosein made insulting comments about Bhatti in a television show in 2018. Additional Chief Metropolitan Magistrate Md Kaisarul Islam sent Hosein to jail in October in nine defamation cases filed over the incident including one by Bhatti. Hosein was sued under the Digital Security Act.
In August 2023, Bhatti was appointed Information Commissioner of Bangladesh along with retired District and Sessions Judge Shahidul Alam Jhinuk. She replaced Suraiya Begum. They will serve under chief information commissioner Dr Abdul Malek.
# Fownhope

Fownhope /ˈfaʊnˌhoʊp/ is a village and civil parish in Herefordshire, England, an area of outstanding natural beauty on the banks of the River Wye. The population of the village at the 2011 census was 999.

## History

The earliest known reference to the village comes from the Domesday Book in 1086, where it is called simply Hope, from Old English hop (dative hope), "small, enclosed valley". Its name was lengthened to distinguish it from neighbouring Woolhope, which was also called Hope at the time of the Domesday Book. Early spellings of the village's name include Faghehop (1242), Fanne Hope (1243), Fawehope (1269), Fowehope (1275), Fonhope (1278), and Fowenhop (1315). The name is believed to come from late Old English *Faganhop ("Faga's valley"), from a personal name *Faga (genitive *Fagan), from Old English fag, "coloured, variegated", although no such personal name is attested.

## Landmarks

The village has a church, St. Mary's Parish Church; primary school, St. Mary's C of E Primary School; medical centre, Fownhope Medical Centre; two pubs, the Green Man and the New Inn; two hotels, Bowen's Bed & Breakfast and Ferry Lane Bed & Breakfast (both of which are bed and breakfast hotels); a fitness/leisure centre, Wye Leisure and butchers, John A Pritchard & Son. There is a village hall and a recreation/sports field and pavilion, both of which are well used by the many clubs and societies in the village, and in the centre is the village Fire Station. On the northern outskirts of the village, towards Hereford, the Lucksall campsite is situated on the river by the Holme Lacy bridge. It is owned by Sir Eli Cartwright whose family owned most of Hereford in the 19th century.
The nearby Wye Valley Walk with many walks on the hills and banks along the river, is very popular with walkers. The Wye Valley Walk may not pass through Fownhope but is a perfect place to go nearby. In springtime there are fantastic displays of wild flowers in the woods and fields, particularly in the nearby woods, Lea & Pagets Wood. There are many small quarries and lime kilns scattered through the area, and the remains of an Iron Age hill fort on Capler Hill.

## Fownhope Heart of Oak Society

The village maintains a strong identity and the Heart of Oak society, an old friendly society, holds a number of events during the year including the annual Heart of Oak Club walk, where villagers, young and old, process through the streets with sticks decorated with elaborate flower decorations behind a local silver band, stopping off at houses along the way for drinks, including the cider made from local apples. The Heart of Oak society also holds the annual fireworks display and bonfire night on the recreation field.
# Danny Jackson (footballer)

Danny Jackson (born 20 October 1979) is an English central defender/sweeper who last played for the Seattle Sounders, and served as captain from 2004 to 2008.

## Youth

In England, Jackson began playing football through the Leeds United Youth Program. After 10 years in the program, Jackson headed to the United States to play college soccer at the University of North Carolina where he received numerous honors. As a Tarheel, he was nominated for the All-South Team from 1998 to 2001, he was All-ACC and All-American in 2000 and 2001. Jackson was the team captain for three years including the 2001 season when the Tar Heels won the NCAA Division I National Championship over Indiana University and was named Soccer America MVP, National Championship MVP and was voted to the Final Four All Tournament Team. At UNC he was also the 2001 Patterson Medal Recipient as the outstanding student athlete at UNC.

## Professional

After a successful college career, Jackson joined the Colorado Rapids of MLS for the 2002 season, and he appeared in one league match. On 17 March 2003, the Rapids waived Jackson and he signed with the USL First Division Seattle Sounders. Jackson was voted the Sounders' Defender of the Year, as well A-League.com's Defender of the Year and was selected to the A-League First-Team.

## Broadcasting

In 2023, Jackson became the play-by-play radio commentator for Seattle Sounders FC, the successor to the Sounders who play in Major League Soccer.

## Honors
### Seattle Sounders

* USL First Division Championship (1): 2007
* USL First Division Commissioner's Cup (1): 2007
# Edward Spring

The Reverend Edward Spring (11 June 1808 – 29 April 1880) was an Anglo-Irish clergyman in the Church of Ireland, notable for his sermons and lectures on poor relief in Ireland.
Spring was born at the family home of The Point in Killarney, the son of Francis Spring, of Castlemaine and Catherine Fitzgerald. A descendant of Thomas Spring of Castlemaine, his family owned large estates in County Kerry. He graduated from Trinity College, Dublin in 1833.
Spring was ordained as a deacon on 30 November 1834 and became a priest exactly a year later, both at St Mary's Cathedral, Limerick. He was Curate of Killagha in 1834, Curate of Donneraile in 1835 and Curate of Killaconnenagha in 1837. In 1840 he was Curate of Dunnurlin, Curate of Tullagh in 1842 and in December 1849 became Curate of Cape Clear. Spring was made Rector of Kilcoe and Clear in 1852 and in 1864 became Vicar of Aghadown. In 1871 he became Rector of Magourney and Kilcolman in the Diocese of Cork, Cloyne and Ross.
He became well known in the 1840s due to his passionate sermons regarding poverty alleviation and food provision. This was especially the case during and after the Great Famine of 1845–1852. As a result, Spring was invited to give lectures across the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland about the Church's response to the disaster, many of which were later published and widely publicised by Purcell & Co. in Cork.
Spring married Arabella Matilda Rudkin on 19 December 1844. Together they had four children:
* Sir Francis Joseph Edward Spring
* Edward Maurice Day Spring
* Catherine Anne Spring
* Matilda Cecilia Spring
He died at Magourney in 1880 at the age of 72.
# Sadullah Kısacık

Sadullah Kısacık (born 1 January 1977) is a Turkish politician from the Justice and Development Party (AKP), who served as a Member of Parliament for Adana from 7 June 2015, up until 1 November 2015. He was elected to parliament again in the 2023 Turkish parliamentary election.
Born in Adana, Kısacık graduated from Çukurova University as an industrial engineer, working as an advisor regarding quality control and engineering to over 500 companies. He first joined the AKP in 2002 as a member of its youth wing, having worked for and participated in the party's election campaigns in Adana before becoming an AKP Member of Parliament in June 2015.
# Benjamin Suchard

Benjamin D. Suchard (born 1988) is a historical linguist specializing in the Semitic and Afroasiatic language families. His research focuses on phonological and morphological reconstruction, including the history of the reading traditions of the Hebrew Bible. He is currently a postdoctoral researcher at KU Leuven. He is known for applying the Neogrammarian hypothesis—focusing on regular and phonetically conditioned sound changes—to Semitic linguistics, which has historically under-emphasized this method.

## Suchard's Law

In his first book The Development of the Biblical Hebrew Vowels, Suchard resolved the longstanding irregularity of the Canaanite Shift, whereby */ā/ shifted to /ō/ except in vicinity of /u/ or /w/. This led to the discovery of an early Hebrew sound change */u/ > /i/ next to labial consonants. This sound change subsequently became known as Suchard's Law, joining a number of other sound changes named after their discoverers including Philippi's Law and Geers's Law.

## Public engagement

Suchard made a name for himself with his public engagement, unusual in historical linguistics. He uses his X (formerly Twitter) and Bluesky accounts to engage with the public about Ancient Near Eastern languages. He has been involved as a language consultant in the production of major Hollywood films.

## Books

* Suchard B.D. (2022), Aramaic Daniel: a textual reconstruction of chapters 1-7. Studia Semitica Neerlandica no. 73. Leiden: Brill.
* Suchard B.D. (2019), The development of the Biblical Hebrew vowels. Studies in Semitic Languages and Linguistics no. 99. Leiden: Brill.
# Rajendra Chaudhary (Uttar Pradesh politician)

Rajendra Chaudhary is a politician in Uttar Pradesh, India, belonging to the Samajwadi Party, who currently serves as Member of Legislative Council since 2021. He is the Chief Spokesperson of the Samajwadi Party in Uttar Pradesh, and also additionally serves as the party’s state incharge of Uttarakhand.
Chaudhary served as a Member of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly in the year 1978 from Bharatiya Kranti Dal, headed by the former Prime Minister Chaudhary Charan Singh, and became the chairperson of UP Agro in 1992. He also served as the Minister of Science and Technology under the Samajwadi Party in the year 2002.
In 2012 he was nominated as the MLC from Uttar Pradesh along with Akhilesh Yadav, and in February 2013 he was appointed a Cabinet Minister in the Akhilesh Yadav ministry. He holds the portfolios for the Jail Ministry and the Food & Civil Supplies Department.
# Asp (rocket)

ASP (Atmospheric Sounding Projectile) is the designation of an American sounding rocket family. ASP was used for a variety of uses, including research into hypersonic speed and to propel rocket sleds. In NASA service it was flown from a number of locations as a sounding rocket. The selection by NASA of the Apache and Javelin rockets for the jobs performed by ASP led to its retirement.

## Versions
### ASP-I

ASP-I was used to sample nuclear explosions and resultant clouds The ASP was the fastest single stage sounding rocket when developed. The Asp was manufactured by Cooper Development Corporation, California. The solid propellant motor was made by Grand Central Rocket company.
The ASP-I has a payload ability of 11 kg, a maximum flight height of 110 km, a takeoff thrust of 42.00 kN, a mass of 111 kg, a diameter of 0.17 m, a length of 3.68 m and a fin span of 0.51 m.
ASP-I was launched 30 times from December 1, 1955 to June 14, 1962 from White Sands, Cape Canaveral, Point Mugu, Bikini, China Lake, Mercury site and Tonopah.

### ASP-II

ASP-II (Cleansweep I) had a slightly lower total impulse and a significantly shorter burn time (3.6 seconds vs. 5.6). Cleansweep I was used to collect particulate air sample from nuclear explosions at the Nevada Test Range. It was launched once in 1959 from Tonopah with an apogee of 30 km.

### ASP-III

ASP-III (Cleansweep II) had slightly lower specs. It was also modified for use in the South Pacific. Two or four LOKI rockets were strapped on the basic ASP. Results were less than expected and ASP-III was a failure. It was launched four times from White Sands between 1957 and 1958.

### ASP-IV

ASP-IV used an ASP motor case with B.F. Goodrich E-107M propellant. It was launched two times, on May 18 and 19, 1960 from Wallops Island to an apogee of 80 km.

### ASP-V

ASP-V was to utilize a polysulfide propellant but erratic burning and resultant burn through proved insoluble. ASP-V was canceled.

### ASPAN

ASP was combined with a Nike booster to create the ASPAN which exceeded performance of the Nike-Cajun and Nike Deacon.

### Pogo-Hi-III

This is a single stage vehicle using an ASP motor, intended as a high-altitude radar target. It was launched three times from White Sands in 1959 to an apogee of 60 km.

### ASCAMP

When ASP-I was combined with a one-fifth scale Sergeant this was designates as ASCAMP (also known as Nike-ASP). ASCAMP had to be launched from a remotely controlled launcher due to the necessary closeness to the nuclear blast. It was launched 27 times in August 1958 from Johnston Island to an apogee of 100 km.

## Stages

The following table summarizes the various ASP versions and stages:
ASP versions and stages :
| Version | Booster | Stage 1 | Stage 2 |
| ASP-I | - | ASP-I | - |
| ASP-II | - | ASP-II | - |
| ASP-III | 2 or 4 Loki | ASP-II | - |
| ASP-IV | - | ASP-IV | - |
| Pogo-Hi-3 | - | ASP-I | - |
| ASCAMP | - | ASP-I | RM-3141 (Baby Sergeant) |
| ASP Apache | - | ASP-I | Apache / TE-307-2 |