OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Make Way for Ducklings (sculpture)

Make Way for Ducklings is a sculpture by Nancy Schön, which recreates the duck family in Robert McCloskey's children's classic Make Way for Ducklings.
The original set of bronze statues was installed in the Boston Public Garden in 1987, and a copy was installed in Moscow at Novodevichy Park in 1991.

## Boston

Make Way for Ducklings is installed in Boston Public Garden. The tallest statue stands only 38 inches (97 cm) tall, and the caravan of bronze ducks set in Boston cobblestone spans 35 feet (10.67 m) from front to back. The statue, installed October 4, 1987, was a tribute to Robert McCloskey "whose story ... has made the Boston Public Garden familiar to children throughout the world." The Make Way for Ducklings sculpture is routinely dressed in outfits throughout the year, for various Boston sports teams, for events such as the Boston Marathon, and for holidays such as Mother's Day.
The work was surveyed by the Smithsonian Institution's "Save Outdoor Sculpture!" program in 1997.

## Moscow

A sculpture, similar to the original set in the Boston Public Garden, was erected in Novodevichy Park in Moscow as part of the START Treaty by Acton, Massachusetts landscape and construction company Capizzi & Co. Inc. on July 30, 1991. The equipment, statues, cobblestones, and workers were all flown by the US Air Force in a C-5 containing the heavy equipment, diesel fuel, and other assorted tools they would need. The individual statues, which were in total length, 40 feet (12 m) long, were presented by United States First Lady Barbara Bush to Russian First Lady Raisa Gorbachev as a gift to the children of the Soviet Union. Four of the ducks were stolen, one in 1991 and three in February 2000. Thieves hoping to sell the ducks as scrap metal cut the statues off at the legs. The ducks were replaced in September 2000 at a rededication ceremony attended by former President of the Soviet Union Mikhail Gorbachev.
# Bubbaloo

Bubbaloo is a Latin American brand of bubble gum produced by Canderaria. They are small pieces of bubble gum with a liquid center.
Bubbaloo also contains BHT, an antioxidant food preservative.
Bubbaloo gum includes a variety of flavors, some of them are: Mint, Blueberry, Strawberry, Cherry, Cola, Green Apple, Grape, Yerba Buena, Banana, Acilocowild, Pina Chamoy, Mix Fruit, Spearmint, Sour Grape, Sour Blueberry, and Tutti Frutt.

## History

Bubbaloo was the first bubblegum with a liquid center and made its debut in Mexican and Brazilian markets during the early-1980s. Today, Bubbaloo is sold in more than 25 countries and in three different continents across the world.

## Trivia

Mixed-martial arts practitioner and UFC veteran Renato "Babalu" Sobral is nicknamed after Bubbaloo gum.
# Imputation of sin

In Reformed theology, the imputation of sin is the crediting of Adam's sin to the account of every individual human being. Under the framework of covenant theology, Adam is considered as a "federal head" or representative of all of his progeny. His sinful act of eating the fruit from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil which was forbidden by God had consequences for all humanity. This is explained as the sin being imputed, or accounted, to individual humans. A person that has sin imputed to them becomes guilty of transgression before God for being in violation to his laws and is subject to his punishments in the life hereafter.
Several theories have been proposed by Reformed theologians to explain how Adam's sin is transmitted to others. The "immediate imputation" view holds that when Adam sinned, all of humanity became sinful simply by that act, without further consideration. Under the "mediate imputation" view (due to Joshua Placaeus), humans inherited a proclivity to sin because of Adam's act. In recent years, theologians have begun to explain the transmission of original sin by socialization and character deformation rather than imputation.
# Cheongwon County

Cheongwon County (Korean: 청원군; RR: Cheongwon-gun) was a county in North Chungcheong Province, South Korea. It was dissolved on July 1, 2014 and consolidated to Cheongju.

## Government

The Korea Food and Drug Administration (later Ministry of Food and Drug Safety), and Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were/are headquartered in the Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, which was once in Cheongwon County.

## Sister cities

Cheongwon was twinned with:
* Cangzhou, Hebei, China
* Kikuchi, Kumamoto, Japan
# George Lambadaridis

George Lambadaridis (born 23 April 1992) is an Australian soccer player who currently plays for Dandenong City in NPL Victoria 2.

## Club career

George Lambadaridis started his career at Altona Magic. With the Magic, he would win his first team championship as the club won the 2008–09 season.
The following year, he would play for fellow Victorian club Oakleigh Cannons.
In 2010, he joined Belgian side Club Brugge, where he would play for the Under 19 team. He then returned to Australia.
Throughout August 2011, he trialed with A-League side Brisbane Roar. On 23 September 2011, he signed a 2-year deal with the club as a player on a youth contract. On 4 February 2012, he made his debut for Brisbane Roar in a match against Central Coast Mariners. He scored his first goal away against Gold Coast United - an amazing celebrated goal from long range. In May 2015, Brisbane Roar confirmed that Lambadaridis had been released from his contract at the A-League club.
He joined Melbourne City FC on trial in the summer of 2015. During September 2015 he trialed with Brisbane Roar during preseason.
On 23 September 2015, he signed a two-month contract with Brisbane Roar as an injury replacement for Henrique, who is undergoing rehab following knee reconstruction.
On 15 November 2015, Green Gully head coach Arthur Papas announced that Lambadaridis had signed with the club for the 2016 NPL season. Lambadaridis scored on debut for Gully, hitting the opener in a 1–1 draw with Melbourne Knights at Knights Stadium in Round 1 of the NPLV.

## Personal life

Lambadaridis is of Greek descent and is married to Kristelle. He attended Brentwood Secondary College and graduated from Monash University with a Bachelor of Business. He also completed a diploma in finance and mortgage brokering.
# Wettinia

Wettinia is a genus of flowering plants in the palm family Arecaceae. The genus, established in 1837, contains some 20 species, but more seem to await discovery considering that 4 species - W. aequatorialis, W. lanata, W. minima and W. panamensis - were described as late as 1995. The genus is broadly divided into two groups. One group has the fruits tightly packed, while the other, formerly classified as genus Catoblastus, has fruits scattered along the inflorescence branches. It is not known whether these groups are both monophyletic. The genus is named after Frederick Augustus II of Saxony, of the House of Wettin.

## Morphology

Palms of the genus Wettinia are monoecious, medium-sized to large, and typically solitary-trunked. They have a low, dense cone of brown or black stilt roots, and pinnate leaves. The rope-like inflorescences of the plant emerge from leathery spathes, and grow in a circular pattern around one or more trunk rings beneath the crown shaft. They are unisexual, fleshy, and cream colored or white. The fruit is small to medium-sized and elongated, green to bluish black in color. It grows either dispersed along the branches or in a tightly packed ellipsoid or sausage-like cylinder.

## Distribution

Members of this genus are found in Panama and in northern and northwestern South America (Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, northwestern Brazil). Although none of the species are frost-tolerant, they are found primarily in cooler and higher-altitude locations, up to 2,200 m in the case of Wettinia kalbreyeri, and are particularly prevalent along the foothills of the Andes.

## Species

Wettinia s. str. group:
* Wettinia aequatorialis R.Bernal - Ecuador
* Wettinia augusta Poepp. & Endl. - Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, northwestern Brazil
* Wettinia castanea H.E.Moore & J.Dransf. - Colombia
* Wettinia fascicularis (Burret) H.E.Moore & J.Dransf. - Colombia, Ecuador
* Wettinia hirsuta Burret - Colombia
* Wettinia lanata R.Bernal - Colombia
* Wettinia longipetala A.H.Gentry - Pasco region of Peru
* Wettinia minima R.Bernal - Ecuador
* Wettinia oxycarpa Galeano-Garcés & R.Bernal - Colombia, Ecuador
* Wettinia panamensis R.Bernal - Panama
* Wettinia quinaria (O.F.Cook & Doyle) Burret - Colombia, Ecuador
* Wettinia verruculosa H.E.Moore - Colombia, Ecuador
Catoblastus group:
* Wettinia aequalis (O.F.Cook & Doyle) R.Bernal - Colombia, Ecuador, Panama
* Wettinia anomala (Burret) R.Bernal - Colombia, Ecuador
* Wettinia disticha (R.Bernal) R.Bernal - Colombia
* Wettinia drudei (O.F.Cook & Doyle) A.J.Hend. - Colombia, Peru, Ecuador, northwestern Brazil
* Wettinia kalbreyeri (Burret) R.Bernal - Colombia, Ecuador
* Wettinia maynensis Spruce - Peru, Colombia, Ecuador
* Wettinia microcarpa (Burret) R.Bernal - Norte de Santander region of Colombia
* Wettinia praemorsa (Willd.) Wess.Boer - Colombia, Venezuela
* Wettinia radiata (O.F.Cook & Doyle) R.Bernal - Colombia, Panama

## Footnotes

* 1 2 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
* ↑ Henderson et al. (1995): p.111
* ↑ Govaerts et al. (2008)
# Massacre in Nicosia

The Massacre in Nicosia was a massacre committed by the Ottomans during Ottoman–Venetian War (1570–1573).
On 3 July 1570, Cyprus was invaded by troops of the Ottoman Empire. On 22 July Piali Pasha, having captured Paphos, Limassol and Larnaca, marched his army towards Nicosia and laid siege to the city. The city managed to last 40 days under siege until its fall on 9 September 1570.
Approximately 20,000 Greek inhabitants died during and following the siege and every church, public building, and palace was looted. Nicosia had an estimated population of 21,100 before the Ottoman invasion and, based on the Ottoman census data of 1572, the population was reduced to 1,100–1,200. The devastation of the city was so extensive that, for several years after the conquest, a number of Cypriot villages had a larger population than the city. The main churches, including Saint Sophia Cathedral, were converted into mosques.
Arnaude de Rocas is a legendary personality from Cyprus, remembered there as a martyr and a Cypriot heroine.
# Skirmish of Pastrengo (1848)

The Skirmish of Pastrengo was fought between the Piedmontese and Austrian army on 30 April 1848, in the course of the First Italian War of Independence.

## Prelude

The Austrian forces were deployed in a way that threatened any Piedmontese attack against the fortress of Peschiera del Garda, and against Verona. Therefore, the Piedmontese High Command decided to act energetically against it to neutralize this threat, with the II Corps (commanded by General Ettore Gerbaix De Sonnaz), supported by the reserve division.
Although some sources claimed that the troops of the Kingdom of Sardinia were for the most part volunteers from regions of northern Italy, in fact those consisted of four brigades of the Piedmontese regular army. Among the troops at Pastrengo, there were recorded, 1,000 volunteers from Parma, 150 volunteers from Piacenza and 400 students from Pavia and Turin.

## The Skirmish

The Piedmontese attack, while done with superior forces, was executed rather poorly, in frontal actions and without taking adequate advantage of the numerical superiority, nor with proper reconnaissance done before the battle. On the right the brigade "Savoia" proceeded slowly, hampered by the unknown terrain; on the centre and right the brigades "Cuneo" and "Piemonte" met with better success, and after three hours at 14:00 the Piedmontese line began to advance. Despite attempts by the Austrian commander to delay it, the offensive proceeded up to the pontoon bridge on the river Adige. After this success, however, the Piedmontese stopped and did not advance further.
As documented by the New monthly magazine: Vol. 83, 1848:
"On the 30th of April, what is called in the bulletin issued from the headquarters of the Sardinian army, "the first battle between the two armies of Italy," was fought. The end proposed was to occupy Bussolengo, Pastrengo, and Piovezzana, and to attempt to force the Adige. The affair commenced at half-past eleven, A.m. The Italian troops succeeded in driving the Austrians from all the positions which they occupied at Pastrengo, and in gaining the heights which command the Adige."

## Aftermath

While a Piedmontese victory, it was not a complete success, since Field Marshal Radetzky still had full use of the vital road that connected him to Trento and the Empire; had this been cut, the Austrian situation would have become critical.
As documented by the New monthly magazine: Vol. 83, 1848:
"During the night of the 30th, Bussolengo was taken by the Sardinians, and the passage of the Adige effected at Pontone."
# Strelka (chess engine)

Strelka (Russian: Стрелка) is a computer chess engine for Windows, developed by Yuri Osipov and released in May 2007. In total five versions of the program have been developed with the latest 5.5 version, released in May 2012, running only on a single processor core. The engine is named after the Soviet space dog of the same name. Strelka's achievements has been considered controversial, due to the disputed originality of its source code.
Strelka has been one of the strongest chess programs in the world according to the rating lists published by "Computerchess.org" and "husvankempen.de", entering the lists in late 2011 and climbing the ranks, taking second place in the 40/4 blitz rating list by December 2011 and seventh place in the 40/40 rating list by April 2012.
After late 2012, Strelka dropped to the fourth place in 40/4, surpassed by the Critter, Komodo, and eventually Stockfish. Strelka fell out of top twelve in 40/40 rating by early 2015.

## Playing strength

As of version 5.0, Strelka included 32-bit and 64-bit uniprocessor versions. Strelka 5.5 64-bit had 3197 Elo in the 40/40 computer chess rating list (CCRL) published in April 29, 2012, while in CEGT 40/4 rating Strelka 5.0 x64 1CPU reached its highest 3214 Elo in December 2011.

## History

Strelka finished 2nd at the CIS computer chess championship in 2008, behind WildCat.

## Controversy

With the initial release of Strelka, chess players on "Rybkaforum" alleged that this engine was a clone of Rybka 1.0 beta—a reverse-engineered and slightly modified version of Rybka. Several players on the forum found Strelka to yield identical analysis to Rybka in a variety of different situations, even having the same bugs and weaknesses in some cases. Osipov, however, repeatedly stated on discussion boards that Strelka was based on Fruit, not Rybka, and that any similarities was either because Rybka was also based on Fruit, or because he had tuned the evaluation function to be as close to Rybka as possible.
After the release of Strelka 2.0 beta in January 2008, source code was included. Vasik Rajlich, the author of Rybka, stated that the source made it "obvious" that Strelka 2.0 beta was indeed a Rybka 1.0 beta clone, although not without some improvements in certain areas. On the basis of this, he claimed the source as his own and intended to re-release it under his own name, although he later decided not to do so. He also made allegations that "Yuri Osipov" was a pen name.
According to Victor Zakharov (Convekta company) in his review for Arena chess website: "I consider that Yuri Osipov (Ivanovich) is his real name. He didn't hide it. However I can't state this with 100% assurance." And he also has some contact with Yuri Osipov for development of mobile platforms chess program.
On Jan 23, 2011, Fabien Letouzey, the author of Fruit, sent a letter to another chess programmer Tord Romstad about Strelka and Rybka, where he expressed an opinion that Strelka 2.0 beta was a Fruit derivate with some minor changes.
# Zibby Owens

Elizabeth "Zibby" Owens (née Schwarzman) is an American writer and podcast host, known for her podcast Moms Don’t Have Time to Read Books. She is based in New York City.

## Life and career

Zibby Owens was born Elizabeth Schwarzman, the daughter of Stephen A. Schwarzman, co-founder, chairman, and CEO of The Blackstone Group, and Ellen Katz, a trustee of Northwestern University and the Mount Sinai Medical Center.
Born in New York City, she grew up on the Upper East Side of Manhattan and attended Yale University and Harvard Business School.
In 2018, Owens launched the Moms Don’t Have Time to Read Books podcast, where she interviews authors. By the end of 2019, the podcast had produced 200 episodes with a cumulative download count of 250,000.
In 2020, Owens expanded her literary endeavours by interviewing authors on Instagram and launching an online literary magazine titled We Found Time, which featured essays from authors who had appeared on her podcast. In February 2021, she released a book titled Moms Don't Have Time To: A Quarantine Anthology, based on these essays.
Owens also serves on the advisory council of the New York Public Library.
In November 2023, Owens withdrew her company's sponsorship of the 2023 National Book Award due to concerns that a potential call for a ceasefire in the Israel-Hamas conflict by participating authors could be perceived as discriminatory against Israel and the Jewish community.

## Publications

* What to Wear to Show Off Your Assets. What to Do to Tone Up Your Trouble Spots, (as Zibby Right), co-authored with Paige Adams-Geller, and Ashley Borden; McGraw-Hill (January 2008)
* Moms Don't Have Time To: A Quarantine Anthology (2021)
* Moms Don't Have Time To Have Kids: A Timeless Anthology (2021)
* Bookends: A Memoir of Love, Loss and Literature (2022)
* Princess Charming (2022)
* Blank: A Novel (2024)

## Personal life

Owens is married to Kyle Owens, a former professional tennis player and film producer. Her first marriage to Andrew Right, with whom she has four children, ended in divorce.
# Gaushala, Mahottari

Gaushala (Nepali: गौशाला ) is a municipality in Mahottari District in Province No. 2 of Nepal. The municipality was established on 18 May 2014 by merging existing Nigauli, Ramnagar, Gaushala VDCs. It occupies an area of 144.73 km$^2$ with a total population of 66,673.
# Gerry Sutcliffe

Gerard Sutcliffe (born 13 May 1953) is a British Labour Party politician who was Member of Parliament (MP) for Bradford South from 1994 to 2015. He was the Minister for Sport and Tourism in the Brown Government.

## Biography

Born in Salford, Sutcliffe was educated in Bradford at Cardinal Hinsley Grammar School, but left aged sixteen, and then worked as a salesman and for a printers company, becoming a deputy branch secretary of the print workers trade union SOGAT. He was a member of Bradford City Council from 1982 to 1994, serving as the council's leader from 1992 to 1994.
When Bradford South's Labour MP Bob Cryer was killed in a car crash in April 1994, Sutcliffe was selected as the Labour candidate for the resulting by-election. He won the by-election with 55% of the vote, and held the seat until he stood down in 2015.
In Parliament, he served on the Public Accounts Committee from 1996 to 1998, and was a member of the Unopposed Bills Panel from 1997 to 1999.
After the 1997 general election, when a Labour government took power under Tony Blair, Sutcliffe was appointed as Parliamentary Private Secretary (PPS) to Harriet Harman, the Secretary of State for Social Security. After Harman was dismissed from the Cabinet in July 1998, he served as PPS to Stephen Byers, the Chief Secretary to the Treasury. When Byers was promoted to Secretary of State for Trade and Industry in December 1998, Sutcliffe remained his PPS.
From 2003 to 2006 he was Parliamentary Under Secretary of State at the Department of Trade and Industry, with responsibility for employment and for consumer and competition policy. In the May 2006 reshuffle he was moved to the Home Office, as Minister for Prisons and the Probation Service. As part of the reorganisation of the Home Office he became Parliamentary Under Secretary of State at the newly formed Ministry of Justice in May 2007. He stayed there only a short time until the reshuffle on 29 June 2007, when he was moved to the Department for Culture, Media and Sport.
As Minister for Sport at the time of the Beijing Olympics he entered a wager with his Australian counterpart Kate Ellis that Great Britain would finish above Australia in the final medal table, with each Minister promising to wear the opposite nation's colours to a sporting event if they lose. Sutcliffe won the bet, with Britain finishing fourth and Australia sixth.
Sutcliffe supported Andy Burnham in the 2010 Labour Party leadership election and acted as Burnham's campaign manager. From 2010 until 2011, Sutcliffe served as Shadow Minister for Immigration. In May 2014, Sutcliffe announced that he would stand down at the following general election. He is a member of Unite the Union.
# Frederick van Pelt Bryan

Frederick van Pelt Bryan (April 27, 1904 – April 17, 1978) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York.

## Education and career

Born in Brooklyn, New York, Bryan received an Artium Baccalaureus degree from Columbia College in 1925 and a Bachelor of Laws from Columbia Law School in 1928. He was in private practice in New York City from 1928 to 1933. He was an assistant corporation counsel in New York City from 1933 to 1937, and a first assistant corporation counsel from 1938 to 1942.
He served in the United States Army Air Forces during World War II, from 1942 to 1946. He was initially commissioned as a first lieutenant and rose to the rank of colonel by the end of his service. He served in Europe and the Mediterranean, and received the Legion of Merit, the Croix de Guerre and the Order of the British Empire.
After the war, he returned to private practice in New York City from 1946 to 1956. He was a member of the Temporary State Commission to Study the Organizational Structure of the Government of the City of New York from 1953 to 1954, and was counsel to the Temporary Commission on the Courts of the State of New York from 1954 to 1956.

## Federal judicial service

On May 18, 1956, Bryan was nominated by President Dwight D. Eisenhower to a seat on the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York vacated by Judge William Bondy. Bryan was confirmed by the United States Senate on June 13, 1956, and received his commission on June 19, 1956. He assumed senior status on April 1, 1972, serving in that capacity until his death on April 17, 1978, in New York City.

### Notable case

Bryan authored the opinion holding that D.H.Lawrence's novel Lady Chatterley's Lover was not obscene, based on its "redeeming social or literary value", introducing a standard henceforth upheld by the Supreme Court.