OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bagrat's Castle

Bagrat's Castle (Georgian: ბაგრატის ციხე, romanized: bagrat'is tsikhe) is a ruined medieval castle near Sokhumi, Georgia’s breakaway republic of Abkhazia, close to the Black Sea coast. It is named after the Georgian king Bagrat, either Bagrat III or Bagrat IV, and traditionally dated to the late 10th or 11th century.
The castle stands in ruins on a hill on the left bank of the Basla (Besleti) river, in the south-eastern portion of Sokhumi, measuring 55 x 27 m in total area. The surviving structures are walls, rising to 10-12 m in height, of an oval-shaped edifice with a rectangular tower guarding the entrance gateway, which shows traces of tunnels. Archaeological digs, supervised by Mikhail Trapsh in the 1950s, revealed remains of fortified structures, wine jars, jugs, glazed pottery, and other items dating from the 12th to the 14th century.
The naming and dating of the castle is based on a local legend recorded in the 19th century, but architectural evidence suggests the structure can be of a later date, serving as the seat of the eristavi of Tskhumi, as Sokhumi was known in the Middle Ages. The historian Yuri Voronov also conjectured that castle might have hosted the queen-regnant Tamar of Georgia during her stays in Abkhazia in the early 13th century. It also functioned as a shelter for the local elite, including the Shervashidze family, in case of danger. In the 16th century, when the town's chief settlement moved to the west, on the right bank of the river, the castle was abandoned and left to fall in ruins.
Georgia has inscribed the castle on its registry of Cultural Monuments of National Significance and reported, in 2015, its condition as in urgent need of conservation.
# Gishe

Gishe (Amharic: ግሼ) also spelled as Geshe is a woreda in Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Located at the eastern edge of the Ethiopian highlands in the Semien Shewa Zone, Gishe is bordered on the south by the Menz Gera Midir, on the west and north by the Debub Wollo Zone, and on the east by Antsokiyana Gemza; the Wanchet River defines its western boundary.
The name of this woreda is coming from the name of a district of the former province or kingdom of Shewa, Gishe Rabel. It contains parts of Abuye Meda, the largest plateau of Semien Shewa Zone. The administrative center of Gishe is Rabel.
Other settlements in the woreda includes Darat, Dasa, Melek Ãmba, Seya, Wembada and Zoga Ãmba.
Elevations in Gishe range from about 1200 meters along the Wanchet to over 3000 meters above sea level in the ridge of mountains that run near the eastern border of this woreda. Rivers include the Albuko, Yasha, Wayit, Kechine and Yada rivers.

## Demographics

Based on the 2007 national census conducted by the Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia (CSA), this woreda has a total population of 61,521, an increase of 19.97% over the 1994 census, of whom 30,448 are men and 31,073 women; 2,774 or 4.51% are urban inhabitants. With an area of 658.78 square kilometers, Gishe Rabel has a population density of 93.39, which is less than the Zone average of 115.3 persons per square kilometer. A total of 13,691 households were counted in this woreda, resulting in an average of 4.49 persons to a household, and 13,199 housing units. The majority of the inhabitants practiced Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, with 95.68% reporting that as their religion, while 4.01% of the population said they were Muslim.
The 1994 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 51,283 in 10,715 households, of whom 25,574 were men and 25,709 were women; 1,113 or 2.17% of its population were urban dwellers. The largest ethnic group reported in Gishe Rabel was the Amhara (99.93%), and Amharic was spoken as a first language by 99.94%. The majority of the inhabitants practiced Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, with 95.56% reporting that as their religion, while 4.26% were Muslim.
# Herman Ridder Junior High School

The Herman Ridder Junior High School (also known as Public School 98) is a middle school in the Morrisania section of the Bronx, part of the New York City Department of Education. Constructed in 1929–31, the building is a New York City Landmark Art Deco structure designed by Walter C. Martin. It is named after Herman Ridder, a prominent newspaper publisher and editor.

## Notable alumni

* Stan Getz, jazz saxophonist
* Hal Linden, stage and screen actor, television director and musician
* Anibal Lopez, bodybuilder
* Al Pacino, actor of stage and screen, filmmaker, and screenwriter
* Regina Resnik, international opera singer
* Paul Stanley, singer, songwriter, KISS frontman

## In popular culture

* The school appears in the Baz Luhrmann television show The Get Down
# MIR141

MicroRNA 141 is a non-coding RNA molecule that in humans is encoded by the MIR141 gene.

## Function

microRNAs (miRNAs) are short (20-24 nt) non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in multicellular organisms by affecting both the stability and translation of mRNAs. miRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II as part of capped and polyadenylated primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) that can be either protein-coding or non-coding. The primary transcript is cleaved by the Drosha ribonuclease III enzyme to produce an approximately 70-nt stem-loop precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA), which is further cleaved by the cytoplasmic Dicer ribonuclease to generate the mature miRNA and antisense miRNA star (miRNA*) products. The mature miRNA is incorporated into an RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which recognizes target mRNAs through imperfect base pairing with the miRNA and most commonly results in translational inhibition or destabilization of the target mRNA. The RefSeq represents the predicted microRNA stem-loop. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009].
# Realist Evaluation

Realist evaluation or realist review (also realist synthesis) is a type of theory-driven evaluation used in evaluating social programmes. It was originally based on the epistemological foundations of critical realism. Ray Pawson, one of the originators of realist evaluation was "initially impressed" by how critical realism explains generative causation in experimental science; however, he later criticised its "philosophical grandstanding" and "explain-all Marxism". Based on specific theories, realist evaluation provides an alternative lens to empiricist evaluation techniques for the study and understanding of programmes and policies. This technique assumes that knowledge is a social and historical product, thus the social and political context as well as theoretical mechanisms, need consideration in analysis of programme or policy effectiveness.
Realist evaluation techniques recognise that there are many interwoven variables operative at different levels in society, thus this evaluation method suits complex social interventions, rather than traditional cause-effect, non-contextual methods of analysis. This realist technique acknowledges that intervention programmes and policy changes do not necessarily work for everyone, since people are different and are embedded in different contexts.
Realist evaluation was popularised by the work of Ray Pawson and Nick Tilley in 1997. They described the procedure followed in the implementation of realist evaluation techniques in programme evaluation and emphasise that once hypotheses have been generated and data collected, the outcomes of the programme are explored, focusing on the groups that the programme benefitted and those who did not benefit. Effectiveness of a programme is thus not dependent on the outcomes alone (cause–effect), rather there is a consideration of the theoretical mechanisms that are applied, and the socio-historical context in which the programmes were implemented. Thus, the final explanation of a programme considers context-mechanism-outcome.
All research methods are applicable in realist evaluations, according to Pawson and Tilley (1997):
   "... it is quite possible to carry out realistic evaluation using: strategies, quantitative and qualitative; timescales, contemporaneous or historical; viewpoints, cross-sectional or longitudinal; samples, large or small; goals, action-oriented or audit-centred; and so on and so forth."
A 2024 book argues that it is possible to run realist randomized controlled trials and Gill Westhorp and Simon Feeny (2024) explain the relevance of surveys and regression models (including interaction terms and covariate adjustment) to testing Context-Mechanism-Outcome configurations.
# Princess Alexandra of Greece (born 1968)

Princess Alexandra Elli Francisca Maria of Greece (born 15 October 1968), known professionally as Alexandra Mirzayantz, is a Greek artist, art collector, arts patron, and child life specialist. As the daughter of Prince Michael of Greece and Denmark, she is a member of the Greek royal family and a relative of the Danish royal family. A morganatic descendant of the House of Glücksburg, she is not a Danish princess nor is she entitled to the style Royal Highness as other members of the Greek royal family are. She was born a princess of Greece entitled to the style Your Highness, and was excluded from the line of succession to the Greek throne. She is a second cousin of Constantine II of Greece, who reigned as King of the Hellenes until the monarchy was abolished in 1973.

## Early life and family

Princess Alexandra was born in Athens on 15 October 1968. She is the daughter of the historian Prince Michael of Greece and Denmark and the artist Marina Karella. She is the older sister of Princess Olga. She is a great-granddaughter of George I of Greece and Olga Constantinovna of Russia. She is also a great-granddaughter of Prince Jean, Duke of Guise and a great-great-granddaughter of Christian IX of Denmark. As Princess Alexandra's parents' marriage is morganatic, and therefore non-dynastic, she is a Greek princess by birth but not a Danish princess, uses the style Her Highness instead of Her Royal Highness, and is excluded from the line of succession to the former Greek throne.
On 29 July 1973, Princess Alexandra's second cousin, Constantine II of Greece, was deposed and the Greek monarchy was abolished.

## Career

Princess Alexandra is a certified child life specialist.
In 2018, she graduated with a master's degree in fine arts from the New York Academy of Art. She works as a painter and portraitist. She has cited Melina Mercouri, Rita Wilson, Niki de Saint Phalle, Willem Claesz. Heda, and Rembrandt as her artistic inspiration. In 2020, she painted portraits of National Health Service members as part of a fundraising inititative. In 2022 she sold paintings as part of a benefit for visual aids.
Princess Alexandra and her husband are patrons of the New York art scene. She is also an art collector. She owns a portrait of her grandfather, Prince Christopher of Greece and Denmark, painted by Philip de László in 1919, as part of her collection.

## Personal life

Princess Alexandra married the perfumer Nicolas Mirzayantz on 27 June 1998 in Torcello. They have two sons, Tigran (born 2000) and Darius (born 2002).
He is vice president of global business development for International Flavors & Fragrances.
She is active in the New York social scene. In 2007, she was inducted into the International Best Dressed Hall of Fame List.
She attended the funeral of her father, Prince Michael on 1 August 2024, and was seen with other Greek royal family members, including Princess Olga, Queen Anne-Marie of Greece, Queen Sofía of Spain, and Crown Prince Pavlos.
# Tunis (disambiguation)

Tunis is the capital and largest city of Tunisia.
Tunis may also refer to:

## Places and jurisdictions

* Tunis, Faiyum Governorate, Egypt, a village
* Tunis, Sohag Governorate, Egypt, a village
* Tunis, Michigan, an unincorporated community
* Tunis, Ontario, Canada, a community
* Tunis, Texas, United States, an unincorporated community and census-designated place
* Tunis Lake, a reservoir in New York, United States
* Tunis Eyalet, former autonomous state under the Ottoman Empire in North Africa
* Tunis Governorate, a governorate (province) of Tunisia
* 6362 Tunis, an asteroid
* Beylik of Tunis, a monarchy in Northern Africa between 1705 and 1881
* Gulf of Tunis, Tunisia
* Lake of Tunis, a natural lagoon between the city of Tunis and the Gulf of Tunis
* Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Tunis
* Tunis Run, a tributary of White Deer Creek in Centre County, Pennsylvania, United States

## People

* Tunis Campbell (1812–1891), African-American politician and clergyman
* Tunis Craven (1813–1864), US Navy officer
* T. A. M. Craven (1893–1972), US Navy officer and commissioner of the Federal Communications Commission
* Harold Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis (1891-1969), British Field Marshal and Governor-General of Canada.
* Edwin Tunis (1897–1973), American author
* John R. Tunis (1889–1975), American sports journalist and novelist
* Staffan Tunis (born 1982), Finnish ski-orienteering competitor

## Sports

* Tunis Grand Prix, an auto race held in the 1920s and 1930s in Tunis, Tunisia
* Tunis Open, a tennis tournament

## Other uses

* TUNIS (Toronto University System), a UNIX-like operating system developed at the University of Toronto
* Tunis (sheep), a sheep breed
* Tunis University, Tunisia
* Battle of Tunis (255 BC), a Carthaginian victory over the Romans in the First Punic War
* Slap of Tunis, an expression used by the Italians in the 19th century
* Tunis 2050, a Tunisian television sitcom
* MS Tunis (1935), a Danish cargo ship
# Alexander W. Baldwin

Alexander White Baldwin (June 1835 – November 14, 1869), frequently known as A. W. Baldwin, was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Nevada.

## Education and career

Born in June 1835, in Gainesville, Alabama, Baldwin read law. He entered private practice in Virginia City, Utah Territory from 1858 to 1859. He was prosecutor of Storey County, Utah Territory (Nevada Territory from March 2, 1861) starting in 1859. He resumed private practice in Virginia City, Nevada Territory (State of Nevada from October 31, 1864) until 1865.

## Federal judicial service

Baldwin was nominated by President Abraham Lincoln on March 10, 1865, to the United States District Court for the District of Nevada, to a new seat authorized by 13 Stat. 440. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on March 11, 1865, and received his commission the same day. His service terminated on November 14, 1869, due to his death in Alameda, California, as a result of a railroad accident.

## Personal life

Baldwin's father, Joseph G. Baldwin, was also an attorney who served as an Associate Justice of the California Supreme Court.
Baldwin died as the result of a railway accident at San Leandro, California (near Alameda) on November 14, 1869, at the age of 33.
# Narendra Gupta (actor)

Narendra Gupta is an Indian film and television actor who appears in Hindi television serials and films. He is best known for his role as forensic expert Dr. R. P. Salunkhe in the detective television series C.I.D..

## Early life

Gupta was born in Jaipur, Rajasthan, and was the youngest child of a business family. His father was originally from Uttar Pradesh, but migrated to Rajasthan. As a young student, he loved to study science and mathematics, though when he arrived in college, he started to read about arts and cinema. His mother's dream was for him to become a doctor. But he wanted to be an actor.

## Career

Gupta started his acting career with DD National's Wagle Ki Duniya in 1988. He joined the C.I.D. series in 1998. He made his debut in the episode "The Case of the Incomplete Letter", where he was initially referred to as Dr. Verma but started being referred to as Dr. Salunkhe from episode "The Case of the Burnt Letter". He gained popularity by playing the role of forensic expert Dr. R. P. Salunkhe in this series.
In 2014, Narendra Gupta appeared in Kaun Banega Crorepati with Shivaji Satam, Aditya Srivastava and Dayanand Shetty.
Gupta has acted in many popular television serials and films including Elaan (1994), Hulchul (1995), Udaan (1997), Police Force (2004), Forensic (2022).

## Filmography

| Year | Film | Role |
| 1991 | Maut Ki Sazaa | |
| 1993 | Karamati Coat | Lala |
| 1994 | Elaan | Conspirator to make Ramakant Chaudhary as a mental patient |
| 1994 | Anth | Telephone booth owner |
| 1995 | Hulchul | Bhandari Shobhraj's Secretary |
| 1996 | Aadhe Adhure | |
| 1996 | Tu Chor Main Sipahi | Chhota Khan |
| 1996 | Shastra | |
| 1997 | Udaan | Inmate of a mental hospital |
| 2001 | Boond | |
| 2004 | School | |
| 2004 | Kadvi Dava | Chaubey |
| 2004 | Police Force | Saxena |
| 2005 | Dhamkee | Rameshwar Pillai aka Ramya |
| 2010 | Tum Milo Toh Sahi | Store Manager |
| 2018 | Banoffee Pie | Man 1 |
| 2022 | Forensic | Dr. Solanki |

## Television

| Year | Show | Role | Notes |
| 1988 | Wagle Ki Duniya | Inspector Tyagi | |
| 1989 | Bharat Ek Khoj | Digha | |
| 1997 | Byomkesh Bakshi | Ravi Verma | |
| 1997 | Aahat | Lawyer | Episode 106 & 107 (Shakti) |
| 1998 | Rishtey | | |
| 2002 | Piya Ka Ghar | Durgashankar Sharma | |
| 2005 | Saat Phere... Saloni Ka Safar | Aapji | |
| 2007 | Mano Ya Na Mano | Jewellery Shop Proprietor, Mr. Pandey | 2 episodes |
| 2008 | Saath Saath Banayenge Ek Aashiyaan | Banwari | |
| 2013 | C.I.D. Chhote Heroes | Dr. R. P. Salunkhe | |
| 2014 | Kaun Banega Crorepati (Season 8) | Himself | Guest appearance |
| 2012–2014 | Adaalat | Dr. R. P. Salunkhe | 2 episodes |
| 2016 | The Kapil Sharma Show | Himself | Guest appearance |
| 1998–2018; 2024–present | C.I.D. | Dr. R. P. Salunkhe | |
| 2019 | CIF | Dr. D'Souza | |
| 2021 | Mauka-E-Vardaat | Newton Chattopadhyay | |
| 2023 | Mauka Ya Dhokha | Mr. Chawla | |
# Pilviškiai Eldership

The Pilviškiai Eldership (Lithuanian: Pilviškių sseniūnija) is an eldership of Lithuania, located in the Vilkaviškis District Municipality. In 2021 its population was 3375.
# Maybe Mars

Maybe Mars is an independent record label founded in 2007. Their current catalogue includes Carsick Cars, Hiperson, P.K.14, Joyside, Snapline, SMZB, and Dear Eloise, among others.

## Current Artists

* Carsick Cars
* Snapline
* Demerit
* SMZB
* P.K.14
* WHITE
* Oh! Dirty Fingers
* Hiperson
* Dear Eloise
* Dream Can
* AV Okubo
* Birdstriking
* Chui Wan
* FAZI
* Lonely Leary
* Alpine Decline
* Hiperson
* The Bedstars
* Future Orients
* Backspace
* Deadly Cradle Death
* Run Run Run

## Alumni Artists

* Joyside
* Low Wormwood
* Ourself Beside Me
* The Gar
* Xiao He
* (((10)))
* Hot & Cold
* Ex-Punishment
* Muscle Snog
* 8 Eye Spy
* Liu Kun
* Guai Li
* 24 Hours
* Rustic
* Skip Skip Ben Ben
* Flyx
* Old Fashion
* Traveller
* Boyz&Girl
* Mr. Graceless
* Duck Fight Goose
* The Yours
* Proximity Butterfly

## Discography

| Catalog | Artist(s) | Title | Format | Release date |
| MM1 | Joyside | Booze At Neptune's Dawn | CD | September 8, 2007 |
| MM2 | Carsick Cars | s/t | CD | September 8, 2007 |
| MM3 | Snapline | Party Is Over, Pornostar | CD | September 8, 2007 |
| MM5 | SMZB | Ten Years Rebellion | CD | June 1, 2008 |
| MM6 | Demerit | Bastards Of The Nation | CD | June 1, 2008 |
| MM7 | Proximity Butterfly | Reprieve | CD | May 1, 2011 |
| MM8 | Proximity Butterfly | Medusae | Digital Release | February 9, 2015 |
# The Lost Lie

The Lost Lie is a 1918 American short comedy film directed by King Vidor.

## Cast

* Ruth Hampton
* Mike O'Rourke
* William Vaughn
* Judge Willis Brown (as himself)

## Production

The Lost Lie is one of ten short films written and produced by Judge Willis Brown that were directed by King Vidor. They were filmed at Boy City Film Company in Culver City, California and released by General Film Company between January and May 1918.
Film historian and archivist Raymond Durgnat reports that all of Vidor’s films from the Judge Willis Brown series are lost, with the exception of Bud's Recruit of which one reel survives.

## Theme

Brown was a Salt Lake City juvenile court judge who specialized in “rehabilitating juvenile offenders.” He based the series on his experiences operating his “Boy’s Cities” (not to be confused with Boys Town). The movies depict “inter-ethnic” city youth facing and resolving social and moral challenges constructively. Director Vidor declared that he "deeply believed" in the value of the films.

## Footnotes

* ↑ "Progressive Silent Film List: The Lost Lie". Silent Era. Retrieved May 17, 2008.
* ↑ Durgnat and Simmon 1988 p. 24
* ↑ Durgnat and Simmon 1988 p. 333: “All Vidor’s films prior to 1920 are presumed lost, except for The Intrigue and reel 1 of Bud's Recruit
* ↑ Baxter 1976 p. 8 Durgnat and Simmon 1988 p. 24-25, p. 335
# Charles L. Benedict

Charles Linnaeus Benedict (March 2, 1824 – January 8, 1901) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York.

## Education and career

Born on March 2, 1824, in Newbury, Vermont, Benedict graduated from the University of Vermont in 1844 and read law in 1845. He was a grammar school principal until 1845. He entered private practice in Brooklyn, New York from 1845 to 1865. He was a member of the New York State Assembly starting in 1863.

## Federal judicial service

Benedict was nominated by President Abraham Lincoln on March 6, 1865, to the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York, to a new seat authorized by 13 Stat. 438. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on March 9, 1865, and received his commission the same day. His service terminated on January 1, 1897, due to his retirement.

### Notable case

Among his many cases, Benedict signed the arrest warrant of Captain Henry W. Howgate on September 29, 1894.

## Death

Benedict died on January 8, 1901, in Brooklyn.
# Snowball (1995 film)

Snowball (Italian: Palla di neve) is a 1995 Italian adventure comedy film written and directed by Maurizio Nichetti.

## Cast

* Paolo Villaggio: Billy Bolla
* Fabiano Vagnarelli: Theo
* Alessandro Haber: Marcov
* Monica Bellucci: Melina
* Leo Gullotta: Sidik
* Anna Falchi: Elena
* Luis Molteni
* Angelo Orlando
* Dong Mei Xiao
* Pietro Ghislandi
* Néstor Garay
* Maurizio Nichetti
# Paid to Dance

Paid to Dance (also known as Hard to Hold) is a 1937 American drama film starring Don Terry, Jacqueline Wells and Rita Hayworth.

## Plot

Government agents William Dennis and Joan Bradley are undercover, working to solve the disappearances of girls working as "taxi-dancers" of the many dance halls operated by Jack Miranda and his henchman Nifty. Dennis sets himself up as a theatrical booking agent, and shows his power by the opening and closing of Miranda's Paradise Club at will.

## Cast

* Don Terry as William Dennis
* Jacqueline Wells as Joan Bradley
* Rita Hayworth as Betty Morgan
* Arthur Loft as Jack Miranda
* Paul Stanton as Charles Kennedy
* Paul Fix as Nifty
* Louise Stanley as Phyllis Parker
* Ralph Byrd as Nickels Brown
* Beatrice Curtis as Frances Mitchell
* Bess Flowers as Suzy
* Beatrice Blinn as Lois
* Jane Hamilton as Evelyn
* Dick Curtis as Mike Givens
* Al Herman as Joe Krause
* Thurston Hall as Governor
* John Gallaudet as Barney Wilson
* Horace MacMahon as LaRue
* George Lloyd as Sanders
* Ruth Hilliard as Ruth Gregory
* Ann Doran as Rose Tervor
# Hilum overlay sign

The hilum overlay sign is an imaging appearance on chest radiographs in which the outline of the hilum can be seen at the level of a mass or collection in the mid chest. It implies that the mass is not in the middle mediastinum, and is either from anterior or posterior mediastinum(most of the masses arise from the anterior mediastinum).