# Baynunah Formation

The Baynunah Formation is a palaeontological formation located in the western region of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, the United Arab Emirates. It dates to the Upper Miocene epoch of the Neogene period in the Cenozoic Era.

## Fauna

Fossils of the hippopotamus genus Archaeopotamus have been found in the formation

### Birds

| Taxa | Species | Locality | Material | Notes |
| Diamantornis | D. laini | Jaw al Dibsa (DBS 2), Hamra (HMR 1, 3, 5), Hadwaniyya (HAD 4, 5, 6), Harmiyyah (HAR 3, 4), Jebel Barakah (JBR 2), Kihal (KIH 3), Ras al Qal’a (RAQ 1, 2), Gerain al Aysh (GAA 3, 4, 8), Ras Dubay’ah (RDB 4), Ruwais (RUW), Shuwaihat (SHU 2, 3, 4, 8), and Umm Al Khabir (UAK 1) | Multiple collected specimens. | An extinct Ratite bird |
| Struthio | S. cf. karatheodoris | Kihal 2 | A pelvis, almost complete except for the pubic symphysis region. | |
| Phalacrocorax | P. sp. | | A proximal left carpometacarpus, distal right tarsometatarsus, and a tentatively referred proximal right humerus fragment. | |

### Mammals
#### Artiodactyls
##### Bovids

| Taxa | Species | Locality | Material | Notes |
| Afrotragus | A. libycus | GAA2 and HAD3. | Right frontlet withhorn core and left frontlet with horn core. | |
| Miotragocerus | M. cyrenaicus | GAA2, JBR2, GAA7, HMR1, HMR5, and SHU4. | A partial cranium, horn cores, partial vertebra, partial left lower m1 or m2, and upper molar or premolar fragment. | An early bovinae. |
| Pachyportax | P. latidens | GAA2, GAA7, HMR5, and SHU4. | | |
| Prostrepsiceros | P. vinayaki | SHU2 | A basal left horn core. | |

##### Giraffids

| Taxa | Species | Locality | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
| Paleotragus | P. aff. germaini | locality SHU4 | | A partial skeleton with partial left maxilla. | An early Opaki-like giraffid. | |
| Samotherium | S. cf. sp. | | | An upper molar fragment. | An early giraffid. | |

##### Hippotamids

| Taxa | Species | Locality | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
| Archaeopotamus | A. lothagamensis | | | | | |
| Archaeopotamus | A. qeshta | | | | | |

##### Suidae

| Taxa | Species | Locality | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
| Nyanzachoerus | N. syrticus | | | | |
| Propotamochoerus | P. hysudricus | | | | |

#### Carnivorans

| Taxa | Species | Locality | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
| Plesiogulo | P. praecocidens | | | | | |

#### Perissodactyls

| Taxa | Species | Locality | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
| Hipparion | H. abudhabiense | | | | | |

#### Primates

| Taxa | Species | Locality | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |

#### Proboscideans

| Taxa | Species | Notes |
| Stegotetrabelodon | S. emiratus | A primitive elephantid. |
| Tetralophodon | Indeterminate | A gomphothere. |
| Gomphotheriidae | Indeterminate. | A gomphothere. |
| Deinotherium | D. aff. bozasi | A deinotheriid |

#### Rodents

| Taxa | Species |
| Abudhabia | A. baynunensis |
| Dendromus | D. sp |
| Jebelus | J. rex |
| Myocricetodon | M. sp |
| Parapelomys | P. cf. charkhensis |
| Protohummus | P. dango |

### Fish

| Taxon | Notes |
| Bagrus | |
| Clarias | At least two species (possibly 3) |
| Labeobarbus | Cyprinid |
| ?Capoeta | Probably Capoeta |
| African cichlid | At least one species |
| Percomorpha | Intermediate |
| Pristid sawfish | |
| Daysatid stingray | |

### Stegotetrabelodon footprints

Footprints attributed to Stegotetrabelodon have been found in the formation.