OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ralph K. Winter Jr.

Ralph Karl Winter Jr. (July 30, 1935 – December 8, 2020) was a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit.

## Early life and career

Born in Waterbury, Connecticut, Winter graduated from the Taft School in 1953. He received his Bachelor of Arts degree from Yale University in 1957 and obtained his Bachelor of Laws from Yale Law School in 1960. He served as a law clerk for Judge Caleb Merrill Wright of the United States District Court for the District of Delaware from 1960 to 1961 and as a law clerk for Judge Thurgood Marshall of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit from 1961 to 1962. He served as a faculty member at Yale Law School from 1962 to 1982, as a research associate and lecturer from 1962 to 1964, as an assistant and associate professor from 1964 to 1968 and as a professor of law from 1968 to 1982. He was a consultant to the Subcommittee on Separation of Powers of the United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary from 1968 to 1972. He was a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution in Washington, D.C., from 1968 to 1970. He was a Guggenheim Fellow in Washington, D.C., from 1971 to 1972. He was an adjunct scholar at the American Enterprise Institute in Washington, D.C., from 1972 to 1981. He was a member of the Board of Trustees at Brooklyn Law School.
Winter advocated for limited government involvement in business matters. He also supported state control in such matters, as opposed to federal control.

## Federal judicial service

President Ronald Reagan nominated Winter on November 18, 1981, to a seat on the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit vacated by Judge Walter R. Mansfield. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on December 9, 1981, and received his commission on December 10, 1981. He served as Chief Judge from 1997 to 2000. He assumed senior status on September 30, 2000. He was a member of the Judicial Conference of the United States from 1997 to 2000. From 2003 to 2010, Winter also served as one of the three judges on the United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review. He died on December 8, 2020, from esophageal cancer.

## Notable law clerks

* Steven G. Calabresi, clerked 1983–1984, also clerked for Robert Bork and Antonin Scalia
* Paul G. Mahoney, clerked 1984–1985, also clerked for Thurgood Marshall
* George T. Conway III, clerked 1987–1988
* Robert J. Giuffra Jr., clerked 1987–1988, also clerked for William Rehnquist
* Laura Ingraham, clerked 1991–1992, also clerked for Clarence Thomas
* Emmet Flood, clerked 1992–1993, also clerked for Antonin Scalia
* Florence Y. Pan, clerked 1994–1995
* Wendy E. Stone (Long), clerked 1996–1997, also clerked for Clarence Thomas
* Robert M. Daines
# Glen Hellman

Glen Hellman (born December 1, 1955) is an American executive coach, writer and former angel investor. He is founder and owner of "CxO Elevate, LLC". He is known for his blog called Driven Forward, which critiqued Washington, D.C.'s startup ecosystem. The blog ran from 2010 to 2020.

## Early life and education

Hellman was born Brooklyn, New York in 1955. He moved to Edison, New Jersey, in 1960 alongside his family. He graduated from J. P. Stevens High School, in Edison in 1974. He graduated in 1978 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in General Studies from the University of Maryland, College Park.

## Career

Hellman has over 40 years of technology startup experience in senior management roles, including CEO, CRO, COO, and product management. He was an active angel investor and also worked as a turn-around executive for private equity investors. He served as a board chairman and board member for several VC-backed companies, and is a former board member of the University of Maryland, Dingman Center for Entrepreneurship. He worked as an on-camera Business Strategy Analyst for NBC in Washington, D.C., and spent a decade as a turn-around CEO for private equity investors.
Over the past 15 years, Hellman has provided executive leadership coaching to more than 100 CEOs.
Since 2007, Hellman has been an executive coach, gaining his training through Vistage International. He is founder and owner of "CxO Elevate, LLC".
From 2009 until 2019, Hellman was a prolific tech blogger and critic of the Washington DC area startup scene, garnering featured articles that included, "Is the Blogger "Mr. Cranky" Out to Save DC's Tech," Washingtonian Magazine, and "Mr. Cranky: Glen Hellman calls it like he sees it, whether D.C. tech likes it or not,' Washington Business Journal.
Currently, Hellman is an independent executive coach and peer group facilitator. He works half time as a member of the Faculty at the University of Maryland, A. James Clark School of Engineering, where he coaches the National Science Foundation and I-Corps program, instructing and coaching STEM Ph.D. and Post Doc researchers on customer discovery and product marketing.

### Books

Hellman is the author of the non-fiction book, Intentional Leadership and the 5 fiction novels, Cyphers & Sighs,, Write to Die, Turn Around & Die, Cross My Heart & Hope to Die, and Due or Die.

## Awards

* 2010 - Vistage: Rookie of the Year
* 2012 - Tech Cocktail (now Tech.co) Reader Poll: #1 Angel Investor in the United States
# William Henry Munger

William Henry Munger (October 12, 1845 – August 11, 1915) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Nebraska.

## Education and career

Born in Bergen, New York, Munger read law in 1868. He was in private practice in Fremont, Nebraska from 1869 to 1878, in Omaha, Nebraska from 1878 to 1879, returning to Fremont from 1879 to 1897.

## Federal judicial service

On February 1, 1897, Munger was nominated by President Grover Cleveland to a seat on the United States District Court for the District of Nebraska vacated by Judge William Douglas McHugh. Munger was confirmed by the United States Senate on February 18, 1897, and received his commission the same day, serving thereafter until his death on August 11, 1915, in Omaha.
# Nenmini

Nenmini is a small village in Malappuram district in the state of Kerala, India.

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Nenmini had a population of 14815 with 7151 males and 7664 females.
Nenmini is situated in Perinthalmanna Taluk and located in Keezhattur village of Malappuram district.

## Languages

Like in other parts of Kerala, Malayalam is the spoken language in Nenmini Village

## Transportation

Nenmini village connects Manjeri town and Pandikkad to Perinthalmanna town.
# Penny Valentine

Penelope Ann Valentine (13 February 1943 – 9 January 2003) was a British music journalist, rock critic, and occasional television personality.

## Biography

Penny Valentine was born in London, England, of Jewish and Italian ancestry. In 1959, she became a trainee reporter, first on the Uxbridge Post, and in the early 1960s on Boyfriend, a weekly magazine for teen girls. In 1964, she joined the staff of Disc, a weekly pop music magazine (later Disc and Music Echo), as a journalist and record reviewer, becoming for a time Britain's most influential reviewer of new pop singles. According to fellow journalist Richard Williams, "She was probably the first woman to write about pop music as though it really mattered." She loved soul music, and supported singers such as Aretha Franklin and Marvin Gaye before they became famous. In 1965 she also recorded the novelty single "I Want To Kiss Ringo Goodbye", which celebrates The Beatles' drummer Ringo Starr.
As a young woman, Valentine also wrote articles for a variety of publications on the "Swinging London" phenomenon. Chris Welch commented that she "was part of a social whirl of receptions, parties and night-clubbing that made Swinging London such fun.... The Beatles and Rolling Stones certainly preferred to be interviewed by the vivacious young lady from Disc magazine than by some spotty chap in a raincoat". She also appeared regularly on Juke Box Jury in the mid-1960s.
In 1970, she left Disc to join a new magazine, Sounds, and in 1973 was hired by her friend Elton John to become the press officer for his record label, The Rocket Record Company. She also wrote for Record Mirror and Melody Maker and in the 1970s for the American rock magazine Creem. After a period working in New York City, she returned to London in 1975 to help launch another new magazine, Street Life, later joining Time Out, before leaving in 1980 to help found the more politically radical City Limits. She became active in a number of bodies, including Women in Media and the National Union of Journalists. After gaining a BA degree in film studies and English, she pursued a freelance career teaching and writing. With Vicki Wickham, she wrote a biography of Dusty Springfield entitled Dancing With Demons (2000).
Valentine died at the age of 59 in 2003 after suffering from cancer for some time.
# Anastasia Lobach

Anastasia Sergeyevna Lobach (Russian: Анастасия Лобач, Belarusian: Анастасія Лобач) (born 25 June 1987 in Minsk), née Anastasia Kamenshykova, is a Belarusian handballer who plays for Rostov-Don and the Belarus national team.

## Personal life

During the 2020 Belarusian protests, Lobach and several other Belarusian handball players appealed to the authorities calling for an end to violence against protesters.

## International honours

* EHF Champions League:
** Bronze Medalist: 2017, 2018
* EHF Cup Winners' Cup:
** Silver Medalist: 2014

## Individual awards

* Top Scorer of the Belarusian Championship: 2011
* Best Defence Player of the Baia Mare Champions Trophy: 2014
# Mariam Dalakishvili

Mariam Dalakishvili (Georgian: მარიამ დალაქიშვილი; born 7 November 2001) is a Georgian tennis player.
Dalakishvili has a career high WTA singles ranking of 791, achieved on 14 October 2019. She also has a career high WTA doubles ranking of 849, achieved on 14 October 2019.
Dalakishvili represents Georgia in the Fed Cup.
# Alicemarie Huber Stotler

Alicemarie Huber Stotler (May 29, 1942 – June 9, 2014) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Central District of California.

## Education and career

Born in Alhambra, California, Stotler, who was of German descent, received a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Southern California in 1964 and a Juris Doctor from the USC Gould School of Law in 1967. Stotler was a deputy district attorney of Orange County, California, from 1967 to 1973. She was in private practice in Tustin, California from 1973 to 1976. She was a municipal court judge for the Harbor Judicial District in Newport Beach, California from 1976 to 1978. She was a Justice pro tempore of the Fourth District Court of Appeal, Division Two, in San Bernardino, California in 1977. She was a judge of the Orange County Superior Court from 1978 to 1983. She returned to private practice in Newport Beach from 1983 to 1984.

## Federal judicial service

On April 4, 1984, Stotler was nominated by President Ronald Reagan to a seat on the United States District Court for the Central District of California vacated by Judge Robert J. Kelleher. She was confirmed by the United States Senate on May 1, 1984, and received her commission on May 3, 1984. She served as Chief Judge from 2005 to 2009, and assumed senior status on January 5, 2009 until her death on June 9, 2014.
# John J. Tuchi

John Joseph Tuchi (born May 18, 1964) is an American lawyer who is a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Arizona.

## Early life and education

Tuchi was born in 1964 in Colver, Pennsylvania. He studied engineering at West Virginia University, graduating in 1987 with a Bachelor of Science degree. He received a Master of Science degree from the University of Arizona in 1989.
Tuchi was a project engineer at the Hughes Aircraft Company from 1987 to 1989, then worked as a consultant for Arthur Andersen from 1989 to 1991. He then attended Arizona State University's College of Law (now Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law), where he was editor-in-chief of the Arizona State Law Journal. He graduated in 1994 with a Juris Doctor magna cum laude and Order of the Coif membership.

## Career

Tuchi served as a law clerk to Judge William Canby of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit from 1994 to 1995. He was in private practice as an associate at the law firm of Brown & Bain (now part of Perkins Coie) from 1995 to 1998.
From 1998 to 2014, Tuchi was an assistant United States attorney for the District of Arizona. He served as Chief of the Criminal Division, from 2006 to 2009, as Senior Litigation Counsel and Tribal Liaison from 2009 to 2012, interim United States attorney in 2012 and later served as chief assistant United States attorney.

### Federal judicial service

On September 19, 2013, President Barack Obama nominated Tuchi to serve as a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Arizona, to the seat vacated by Judge Roslyn O. Silver, who assumed senior status on September 3, 2013. Tuchi was one of four Arizona judicial nominees announced by Obama that day who were chosen in consultation with Republican Senators John McCain and Jeff Flake. On February 27, 2014 his nomination was reported out of the committee. On May 12, 2014 Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid filed for cloture on the nomination. On May 14, 2014, the United States Senate invoked cloture on his nomination by a 62–35 vote. Later that day, his nomination was confirmed by a 96–0 vote. He received his judicial commission on May 16, 2014.

### Notable rulings

* Tuchi was one of the judges who presided over Kari Lake's challenge of the Arizona gubernatorial election results during the 2022 Midterm elections. Tuchi ruled on December 1, 2022, that Lake's claims that proper election procedures weren't followed, citing insufficient evidence. Attorneys for Lake and GOP Arizona Secretary of State nominee Mark Finchem, but not the candidates themselves, were ordered to pay the county's reasonable attorney's fees, the amount of which is to be determined at a later date.
* On July 22, 2023, Tuchi ruled that an Arizona law limiting how close people can get to recording law enforcement is unconstitutional.

## Personal

Tuchi is married to Maricopa County Superior Court Judge Maria del Mar Verdin.
# Adelaide Hills bushfires

The Adelaide Hills bushfires of 1939 were a series of bushfires in the Adelaide Hills, South Australia that burned from 10 to 14 January. There had been ample rain during the winter of 1938 resulting in heavy understorey, but drought set in toward the end of the year. A heatwave in early January 1939 ensured the fuel load was very dry and particularly susceptible to fire. The fires were finally extinguished when thunderstorms arrived during Saturday evening of 14 January.
Damage was assessed at £650,000, including the destruction of ninety houses. There were no deaths, but the fire highlighted the inadequacy of South Australia's fire-fighting capability. Six thousand city volunteers had helped to combat the fires, using mainly branches and wet bags. As a result, the Emergency Fire Service was set up, the precursor to the modern Country Fire Service.
# Tatia Mikadze

Tatia Mikadze (Georgian: თათია მიქაძე; born 27 March 1988) is a Georgian former professional tennis player.
Her career-high singles ranking is world No. 281, achieved on 13 September 2010. On 6 June 2011, she peaked at No. 255 in the doubles rankings. Mikadze won three singles and five doubles titles on the ITF Circuit.
She qualified as a lucky loser for the main draw of the Baku Cup, an event of the 2011 WTA Tour, and defeated Nina Khrisanova 6–0, 6–0, to advance to the second round.

## ITF Circuit finals

* Legend
* $50,000 tournaments
* $25,000 tournaments
* $10,000 tournaments

### Singles: 5 (3 titles, 2 runner-ups)

| Result | No. | Date | Tournament | Surface | Opponent | Score |
| Win | 1. | 10 September 2007 | ITF Tbilisi, Georgia | Clay | Tinatin Kavlashvili | 1–6, 6–4, 7–5 |
| Win | 2. | 19 July 2010 | ITF Kharkiv, Ukraine | Clay | Natalia Ryzhonkova | 6–7$^{(5)}$, 6–2, 6–4 |
| Loss | 1. | 27 September 2010 | ITF Tbilisi, Georgia | Clay | Margalita Chakhnashvili | 4–6, 6–3, 5–7 |
| Win | 3. | 12 September 2011 | ITF Tbilisi, Georgia | Clay | Sofia Kvatsabaia | 6–0, 6–2 |
| Loss | 2. | 10 October 2011 | ITF Yerevan, Armenia | Clay | Anna Karolína Schmiedlová | 4–6, 3–6 |

### Doubles: 11 (5 titles, 6 runner-ups)

| Result | No. | Date | Tournament | Surface | Partnering | Opponents | Score |
| Win | 1. | 6 June 2004 | ITF Istanbul, Turkey | Hard | Nana Urotadze | Irina Buryachok Aleksandra Kostikova | 6–1, 6–2 |
| Loss | 1. | 21 September 2009 | Telavi Open, Georgia | Clay | Manana Shapakidze | Chayenne Ewijk Marlot Meddens | 2–6, 4–6 |
| Loss | 2. | 28 September 2009 | Batumi Open, Georgia | Clay | Manana Shapakidze | Réka Luca Jani Veronika Kapshay | 5–7, 6–0, [8–10] |
| Win | 2. | 31 May 2010 | ITF Bukhara, Uzbekistan | Hard | Sofia Shapatava | Yayuk Basuki Jessy Rompies | 6–3, 6–3 |
| Win | 3. | 27 September 2010 | Batumi Open, Georgia | Clay | Sofia Shapatava | Paula Kania Zsófia Susányi | 6–3, 6–2 |
| Win | 4. | 12 September 2011 | Batumi Open, Georgia | Clay | Sofia Kvatsabaia | Anastasiya Prenko Viktoria Yemialyanava | 6–1, 6–3 |
| Win | 5. | 3 October 2011 | ITF Yerevan, Armenia | Clay | Sofia Shapatava | Elizaveta Ianchuk Olga Ianchuk | 6–1, 6–4 |
| Loss | 3. | 10 October 2011 | ITF Yerevan, Armenia | Clay | Ani Amiraghyan | Anastasia Grymalska Anastasiya Vasylyeva | 3–6, 3–6 |
| Loss | 4. | 2 September 2016 | Batumi Ladies Open, Georgia | Clay | Mariam Bolkvadze | Alona Fomina Margarita Lazareva | 4–6, 2–6 |
| Loss | 5. | 10 September 2016 | Telavi Open, Georgia | Clay | Sofia Shapatava | Natela Dzalamidze Veronika Kudermetova | 4–6, 2–6 |
| Loss | 6. | 15 September 2017 | Batumi Ladies Open, Georgia | Hard | Sofia Shapatava | Ysaline Bonaventure Viktória Kužmová | 1–6, 3–6 |
# Health Engineering Department

Health Engineering Department (Bengali: স্বাস্থ্য প্রকৌশল অধিদপ্তর) is a Bangladesh government regulatory agency under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare responsible for construction of government and public health facilities. Brigadier General Mir Sarwar Hossain Chowdhuryafwc, psc, MSDS (BUP), MSc in Civil Engg (BUET) is the Chief Engineer of the Health Engineering Department.

## History

In order to provide health and family planning infrastructure facilities and health services to the doorsteps of the general population, including the rural people of Bangladesh, two engineering units/cells were formed under the Health Wing of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, namely the Building Planning and Design Unit (BPDU) in 1974 and the Construction Management Cell (CMC) under the Family Planning Wing in 1979. Later, in 1991, under the 4th Population and Health Project, the BPDU and CMC were merged to establish a project titled Construction and Maintenance Management Unit (CMMU) with the aim of ensuring transparency, accountability, dynamism and financial discipline in the implementation of the project. Later, 386 posts of CMMU were transferred to the Revenue Department from 01/01/1997.
As the scope of work of the Ministry for construction, maintenance and repair of physical infrastructure has increased manifold and in the interest of transparency, accountability and dynamism in project implementation and in order to implement the short and long term plans of the government, on the proposal of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and in view of the recommendations of the Ministry of Establishment (present Ministry of Public Administration), Ministry of Finance and the Secretaries Committee, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has upgraded the Construction and Maintenance Management Unit (CMMU) under the Ministry as an Attached Department to the Health Engineering Department (HED) in light of the government's decision through Memorandum No. SWAPCOM/Construction/HED-27/03 (Part)/102, dated 22 March, 2010.
As the scope of work has gradually increased in accordance with the responsibilities assigned to HED, in view of the recommendations of the Parliamentary Standing Committee on the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, on the proposal of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, after approval by the Ministry of Public Administration, Ministry of Finance and the Secretariat Committee on Administrative Development and after completing other formalities, the Construction Branch of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare created 424 additional posts in addition to the existing 619 posts of the Department of Health Engineering under the Health Services Division of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare through Memorandum No. 45.00.0000.156.15.057.18-732 dated 23/12/2018. At present, the total number of posts in the Department of Health Engineering is 1043..
# Norwood Carlton Tilley Jr.

Norwood Carlton Tilley Jr. (born December 16, 1943) is a senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Middle District of North Carolina.

## Education and career

Tilley was born in Rock Hill, South Carolina. He received a Bachelor of Science degree from Wake Forest University in 1966 and a Juris Doctor from Wake Forest University School of Law in 1969. He was a law clerk for Judge Eugene Andrew Gordon of the United States District Court for the Middle District of North Carolina from 1969 to 1971. He was an assistant United States attorney of the Middle District of North Carolina from 1971 to 1974. He was the United States Attorney for the Middle District of North Carolina from 1974 to 1977. He was in private practice in Greensboro, North Carolina from 1977 to 1988.

### Federal judicial service

Tilley was nominated by President Ronald Reagan on April 26, 1988, to a seat on the United States District Court for the Middle District of North Carolina vacated by Judge Hiram Hamilton Ward. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on October 14, 1988, and received his commission on October 17, 1988. He served as Chief Judge from 1999 to 2006. He assumed senior status on December 16, 2008.