OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Voiceless uvular nasal

The voiceless uvular nasal is an extremely rare type of consonantal sound, used in very few spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ɴ̥⟩, a combination of the letter for the voiced uvular nasal and a diacritic indicating voicelessness. The equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is N\_0.
There is also the pre-uvular voiceless nasal in the Mishongnovi dialect of the Hopi language, which is articulated slightly more front compared with the place of articulation of the prototypical voiceless uvular nasal, though not as front as the prototypical voiceless velar nasal. The International Phonetic Alphabet does not have a separate symbol for that sound, though it can be transcribed as ⟨ɴ̟̊⟩ (advanced ⟨ɴ̥⟩), ⟨ŋ̠̊⟩ or ⟨ŋ̊˗⟩ (both symbols denote a retracted ⟨ŋ̊⟩).

## Features

Features of the voiceless uvular nasal:
* Its manner of articulation is occlusive, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. Because the consonant is also nasal, the blocked airflow is redirected through the nose.
* Its place of articulation is uvular, which means it is articulated with the back of the tongue (the dorsum) at the uvula.
* Its phonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
* It is a nasal consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the nose, either exclusively (nasal stops) or in addition to through the mouth.
* It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
* Its airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most sounds.

## Occurrence
### Uvular

| Language | Dialect |
| Lamo | Kyilwa |
| Larong | Tangre Chaya |
| Drag-yab | Razi |

### Pre-uvular

| Language | Dialect | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes |
| Hopi | Mishongnovi | | | | |
# Voiceless velar nasal

The voiceless velar nasal is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ŋ̊⟩, a combination of the letter for the voiced velar nasal and a diacritic indicating voicelessness. (For reasons of legibility, the ring is usually placed above the letter, rather than regular ⟨ŋ̥⟩). The equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is N_0.

## Features

Features of the voiceless velar nasal:
* Its manner of articulation is occlusive, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. Because the consonant is also nasal, the blocked airflow is redirected through the nose.
* Its place of articulation is velar, which means it is articulated with the back of the tongue (the dorsum) at the soft palate.
* Its phonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
* It is a nasal consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the nose, either exclusively (nasal stops) or in addition to through the mouth.
* It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
* Its airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most sounds.

## Occurrence

| Language | Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes |
| Alutiiq | Alutiiq | eqeshngarluni | [əqəsŋ̊aχluni] | 'sneeze once' | See Alutiiq language. |
| Burmese | Burmese | ငှါး/nga: | [ŋ̊á] | 'borrow' | |
| Central Alaskan Yup'ik | Central Alaskan Yup'ik | calisteńguciquq | [tʃaˈlistəˈŋ̊utʃɪquq] | 'he will be a worker' | |
| Faroese | Faroese | onkur | [ˈɔŋ̊kʰʊɹ] | 'anybody' | Allophone of /n/ before an aspirated velar. See Faroese phonology |
| Icelandic | Icelandic | banka | [ˈpäu̯ŋ̊kä] | 'to knock' | See Icelandic phonology |
| Pa Na | Pa Na | [ma˧˩.ŋ̊ŋ̍˧˩˧] | [ma˧˩.ŋ̊ŋ̍˧˩˧] | 'leech' | |
| Washo | Washo | dewŊétiʔ | [dewˈŋ̊etiʔ] | 'hillside sloping down' | |
| Welsh | Welsh | fy nghot | [və ŋ̊ɔt] | 'my coat' | Occurs as the nasal mutation of /k/. See Welsh phonology |
| Xumi | Lower | [ŋ̊ɑ˦mõ˦] | [ŋ̊ɑ˦mõ˦] | 'camel' | Occurs mostly in loanwords from Tibetan. |
# Ssangnim-dong

Ssangnim-dong (Korean: 쌍림동) is a legal dong (neighbourhood) of Jung District, Seoul, South Korea. It is administered by its administrative dong, Gwanghui-dong.
The headquarters of South Korean food company CJ Cheil Jedang is located in the CJ Cheiljedang Building near the Dongdaemun History & Culture Park Station.
# White-winged brushfinch

The white-winged brushfinch (Atlapetes leucopterus) is a species of bird in the family Passerellidae.

## Taxonomy

The White-winged brushfinch is divided into three subspecies in two groups with the following distribution:
* leucopterus/dresseri group
** A. l. leucopterus – Andes of western Ecuador (south to Chimbo Valley)
** A. l. dresseri – Andes of southwestern Ecuador (El Oro and Loja)
* A.l. paynteri – northern Peru (northern Piura to Cajamarca)
Since 2016, Birdlife International and the IUCN have recognized paynteri as its own species, the "Cream-crowned Brushfinch".

## Description

The white-winged brushfinch is a grey and white finch-like bird. Its plumage varies somewhat, with birds in the northern part of its range having a completely black face and chestnut-brown crown, while those further south have white and light crowns. Distinct white wing patches distinguish it from the Bay-crowned brushfinch.

## Ecology

It is found in Ecuador and Peru. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forest, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical or tropical moist montane forest, and heavily degraded former forest.
# St. Mary of the Sea College, Corunna

St. Mary of the Sea College (Spanish: Colegio Santa María del Mar) is a private Catholic primary and secondary school, located in A Coruña, in the autonomous community of Galicia, Spain. The school was founded by the Society of Jesus in 1964, and covers infant through baccalaureate.

## Overview

The school's building was designed by Miguel Fisac to have an unobstructed view of the sea.
The College's football U16 team came in first among 32 teams, advancing to the intercontinental final in Austria.
# Subrahmaniam Nagarajan

Subrahmaniam Nagarajan (7 November 1945 in Chennai, India - 25 December 2016) was an Indian wheat pathologist. He studied in Chennai till high school and completed his early education at the Agriculture College, Coimbatore, then pursued his masters at the Indian Agriculture Research Institute, New Delhi and received his doctorate in Agriculture from the Delhi University. He is the Project Director of the All India Wheat program and author of more than 120 research papers, 50 book chapters and two textbooks.
Nagarajan, who is internationally respected as a wheat pathologist, has been recognized with the Borlaug award recently for his contribution to the advancement of the wheat program, pathology of wheat rusts and its elimination, and as an educator. He joined the IARI / ICAR in 1974 as wheat pathologist. Due to Nagarajan's work, for the last 12 years there has been no serious crop loss due to rust epidemics.
He joined as Director, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi in April 2002. As Director of IARI, he developed the vision document and re-set the research agenda making a shift from production-oriented research to quality improvement, value addition and market-oriented research.
After IARI, Dr S Nagarajan was tasked with establishing the Intellectual Property regime for plant varieties in India, under the albeit of Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers’ Rights Authority (PPV & FRA), Government of India, New Delhi; where he served as Chairperson from 2005. Dr Nagarajan helped create and make operational in India, protection of plant varieties guided by Article 27(3)(b) of the World Trade Organisation’s Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs). He retired from active service in 2010 and chiefly contributed as an advisor for M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation (MSSRF) till his death in 2016.

## Awards

* Winner of Dr. Norman Borlaug Award of the Coromandel Fertilizers (2004–2005) instituted in honour of Nobel laureate Dr Norman E. Borlaug.
* Winner of B. P. Pal Memorial Award (Honoured by Indian Science Congress).
* Recognised with the Rafi Ahmed Kidwai Award of the ICAR (1987-1988).
* Award of Distinction conferred at International Plant Protection Congress, The Hague (1995).
* Honoured with Om Prakash Bashin Award (2001).
* Honoured with Dr.K.S.Bilgrami Award of INSA (2004).
* Fellow of the National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (1992).
* Fellow of the National Academy of Sciences, Allahabad (2002).
* Fellow of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (1978) Germany
# James Augustine Walsh

James Augustine Walsh (September 17, 1906 – May 2, 1991) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Arizona.

## Education and career

Born in Westfield, Massachusetts, Walsh received a Bachelor of Laws from Georgetown Law in 1928. He was in private practice in Mesa, Arizona from 1928 to 1941, and was a city attorney for the City of Mesa from 1936 to 1940. He was an Assistant United States Attorney of the District of Arizona in 1943. He was a county attorney of Maricopa County, Arizona from 1943 to 1944, and was a Judge of the Superior Court of Maricopa County from 1945 to 1947. He returned to private practice in Phoenix, Arizona from 1947 to 1952, and was chief counsel to the Arizona Code Commission from 1951 to 1952.

## Federal judicial service

On July 3, 1952, Walsh was nominated by President Harry S. Truman to a seat on the United States District Court for the District of Arizona vacated by Judge Howard C. Speakman. Walsh was confirmed by the United States Senate on July 5, 1952, and received his commission on July 7, 1952. He served as Chief Judge from 1961 to 1972, and assumed senior status on July 9, 1976. He served in that capacity until his death on May 2, 1991.

## Honor

The James A. Walsh United States Courthouse in Tucson, Arizona was renamed in Walsh's honor in 1985.
# Wilda

Wilda may refer to:
* Wilda, Poznań, a southern district of the city of Poznań in western Poland
* Typhoon Wilda (disambiguation), several typhoons and tropical storms
* Wilhelm Eduard Wilda (1800–1856), German jurist
* Mema Wilda, female singer in the folk and psychedlic genre
# Tramp, Tramp, Tramp

Tramp, Tramp, Tramp is a 1926 American silent comedy film directed by Harry Edwards and starring Harry Langdon and Joan Crawford.

## Plot

Harry is a ne'er-do-well who falls in love with Betty a girl on a billboard. Harry participates in a cross country foot race hoping to win prize money in hopes of marrying her.
Harry wins the race when a tornado strikes near the finish line. Harry is so innocently oblivious to it that he simply walks through the disaster while the other contestants run for cover.

## Cast

* Harry Langdon as Harry
* Joan Crawford as Betty Burton
* Edwards Davis as John Burton
* Tom Murray as Nick Kargas
* Alec B. Francis as Amos Logan
* Brooks Benedict as Taxi Driver
* Carlton Griffin as Roger Caldwell (uncredited)
* George Marion as Man in Crowd (uncredited)

## Critical reception

In a recent review of the 1926 film, critic Maria Schneider wrote, "Langdon was most often cast as an oblivious innocent adrift in a corrupt world, a formula that made him terrifically popular in the mid-1920s...An acquired taste, Harry Langdon's gentle absurdities and slow rhythms take some getting used to, but patient viewers will be rewarded."
The staff at TV Guide gave the film a mixed review, writing, "An amusing and sunny outdoor comedy, Tramp, Tramp, Tramp seems weak only in comparison with Langdon's next feature, The Strong Man (1926), a much richer blend of laughs, thrills, and tears. Among the earlier film's deficiencies is an anemic story. The bulk of the movie is devoted to little more than a succession of pickles Harry gets himself into on his way west. Nothing is made of the fact that the Logans' landlord and the world walking champion are the same man. (If one isn't paying close attention, one may not be sure that they are the same man). And someone should have thought up a more humorous or exciting way for Harry to win the marathon; a viewer's reconstruction of the script would simply note that 'Harry wins the race.'"
# Tindle

The Tindle Group is a British multimedia company operating regional newspapers and radio stations across the British Isles.
It publishes over 200 local newspapers in the United Kingdom, a number of which are over a hundred years old.
The company is based in Farnham, Surrey, under CEO Danny Cammiade.
It is owned by the Tindle family. Founder Sir Ray Tindle was a "strong believer in 'ultra-local' journalism", a culture which the company still follows today. He remained the company's president until his death in 2022. His son, Owen Tindle, took over as chairman in 2017.

## Newspapers

The Tindle newspaper empire started out in the 1950s, when Sir Ray Tindle acquired the Tooting & Balham Gazette with his £300 demob payment after his time serving during the Second World War.
At the company's peak, Tindle Newspapers owned and operated more than 220 local titles.
The following is a partial list of newspapers owned by the company:
* Abergavenny Chronicle
* Admart
* Alton Post Gazette
* Biggin Hill News
* Bordon Messenger
* Bordon Post
* Brecon & Radnor Express
* Cambrian News
* Chew Valley Gazette
* Cornish & Devon Post
* Cornish Times
* County Echo
* Crediton Courier
* Dawlish Gazette
* Edenbridge Chronicle
* Faringdon Newspapers
* Farnham Herald
* The Forester
* The Glamorgan Gem
* Godalming Messenger
* Haslemere Messenger
* Isle of Man Newspapers
* Leigh Times
* Life Magazines
* Meon Valley News
* Mid Devon Advertiser
* Monmouthshire Beacon
* North Cornwall Advertiser
* Petersfield Messenger
* The Ross Gazette
* South Hams Gazette
* Surrey & Hants News
* Tavistock Times
* Tenby Observer
* Wellington Weekly News
* West Somerset Free Press
* Woking News and Mail
In 2019, Tindle Newspaper Group closed four of their local newspapers.

## Radio stations

In the 1970s, Sir Ray Tindle was an early investor in Capital. In 1998, he sold back his shares in the company to buy Island FM in Guernsey, the first local station to form part of the Tindle group.
The company continued to grow and acquire a dozen stations in England and Wales. Tindle sold its UK radio assets to Anglian Radio in a management buyout in 2013. The stations were then sold on to Celador and later Bauer.
Tindle continues to own and operate Island FM, as well as Channel 103 in Jersey, Midlands 103 in Ireland, and Soleil Radio which broadcasts across the Channel Islands.

## Criticism

In 2003, as the Iraq War started, the owner of the Tindle Newspaper Group, Sir Ray Tindle, issued an order to his newspapers that they could no longer cover anti-war protests. This decision was controversial and was attacked as censorship by a number of commentators, including the National Union of Journalists General Secretary Jeremy Dear.
# Tomlin order

A Tomlin order is a court order in the English civil justice system under which a court action is stayed on terms that have been agreed in advance between the parties and are included in a schedule to the order. As such, it is a form of consent order. The Tomlin order permits either party to apply to court to enforce the terms of the order, which avoids the need to start fresh proceedings. The terms of the schedule do not form part of the court order and so may remain confidential, and they may include matters outside the jurisdiction of the court or the scope of the case in hand.

## Origins

The order is named after High Court judge Tomlin J (as he then was) from his ruling in Dashwood v Dashwood, that such an order kept the proceedings alive only to the extent necessary to enable a party to enforce the terms of the settlement. In that case, Tomlin J held that a provision in the order which required one party to refrain from running a business in competition with the other party could not be enforced unless and until the court made an order for specific performance or for an injunction. Thus, any provisions in a Tomlin order which require action by the court, such as releasing funds held in court, or an order for costs, must be included in the body of the order, not the schedule. Until a second order has been sought, it is not possible to apply to commit the party in breach for contempt of court.
The following day, Tomlin J issued a practice note which set out a preferred form for such orders. A similar form of order subsequently appeared in the Rules of the Supreme Court, and now appears in the Civil Procedure Rules. The form of the schedule is settled between the parties.

## Application

The order has seen significant use in the settlement of personal injury litigation, although there has been debate as to whether that is the best option. It is neither necessary nor appropriate where the settlement simply involves the payment of money. More appropriate uses can be observed in commercial litigation, such as:
* when terms are agreed without admission of liability;
* where the terms are complicated or go beyond what the court has jurisdiction to order; or
* where the parties have agreed that certain terms will remain confidential.
The Tomlin order will contain the orders that the parties would like the court to make, such as staying the proceedings, making relevant orders for costs and granting permission to apply. The other settlement terms will be contained in the schedule to the order.
In any subsequent application to the court, there will be jurisdiction to vary only the order itself but not what appears in the schedule, which has been characterized by Lord Steyn as being in effect a commercial agreement. It can be attacked only if it is subsequently discovered that the settlement was obtained by way of fraud. Where fraud was initially alleged to have occurred earlier in the proceedings, but a settlement was subsequently reached and incorporated into an order, the matter cannot be reopened later on if "better evidence of the fraud came to light than was available when the settlement contract was made."
# Benign hypertension

Benign hypertension or benign essential hypertension are medical terms now considered obsolete, but once used to describe mild to moderate hypertension (high blood pressure).
These historical terms are considered misleading, as hypertension is never benign. Coonsequently, the terms have fallen out of use (see history of hypertension). The terminology persisted in the International Classification of Disease (ICD9), but is not included in the ICD10 as of 2014.
# David Henry Stahl

David Henry Stahl (May 29, 1920 – February 21, 1970) was a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit.

## Early life

Born in Ukraine, Stahl received an Artium Baccalaureus degree from University of Pittsburgh in 1942. He received a Bachelor of Laws from University of Pittsburgh School of Law in 1949. He was in the United States Army starting in 1942, achieving the rank of colonel in the reserves. He served as Attorney General of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. He was city solicitor of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania from 1965 to 1968.

## Federal judicial service

Stahl was nominated by President Lyndon B. Johnson on August 2, 1968, to the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit, to a new seat created by 82 Stat. 184. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on October 10, 1968, and received his commission on October 11, 1968. He served until his accidental death (at the age of 49) on February 21, 1970, when he was the victim of carbon monoxide poisoning after pulling into the garage of his home.
# Harry Vearle Payne

Harry Vearle Payne (September 6, 1908 – July 20, 1983) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of New Mexico.

## Education and career

Born in Colonia Dublán, Mexico, to a family of 15 children, Payne fled with his family to the United States to escape revolutionaries who were marauding across northern Mexico from 1910 to 1914, settling in Virden, New Mexico. Due to poverty that required him to work to help support the family, he did not graduate high school until age 23. He spent one year at National University School of Law in Washington, D.C., working at a government job to pay his tuition. Payne then performed two years of missionary work for the Church Of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints. Payne read law to enter the bar in 1934 and raised his family in the Lordsburg area of southwestern New Mexico, entering private practice in Lordsburg from 1934 to 1957, and serving as city attorney of Lordsburg from 1936 to 1955. He served many years in the New Mexico Legislature as a senator and state representative, and as Speaker of the House from 1945 to 1947. He was a District Judge of the Sixth Judicial District of New Mexico from 1957 to 1963.

## Federal judicial service

On February 18, 1963, at the recommendation of New Mexico United States Senator Clinton Presba Anderson, Payne was nominated by President John F. Kennedy to a seat on the United States District Court for the District of New Mexico vacated by Judge Carl Hatch. Payne was confirmed by the United States Senate on March 19, 1963, and received his commission on March 27, 1963. He served as Chief Judge from 1964 to 1978, assuming senior status on April 6, 1978 and serving in that capacity until his death on July 20, 1983.
# Thaddeus M. Machrowicz

Thaddeus Michael Machrowicz (August 21, 1899 – February 17, 1970) was a United States representative from Michigan and later was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan.

## Education and career

Born in Gostyń in Prussia's Province of Posen (in modern-day Poland), Machrowicz immigrated to the United States with his parents in 1902 and the family settled in Chicago, Illinois, later moving to Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He was naturalized as a Citizen of the United States in 1910. He attended a parochial school in Milwaukee. He then attended Alliance College in Cambridge Springs, Pennsylvania from 1912 to 1916, and the University of Chicago in 1917. During the First World War, he served as a lieutenant in the Polish Army of American Volunteers in Canada, France and Poland from 1917 to 1920. He served with the American Advisory Commission to Polish Government in 1920 and 1921 and also acted as war correspondent with Floyd Gibbons in Poland from 1919 to 1921. He attended De Paul University in 1921. He received a Bachelor of Laws from Detroit College of Law (now Michigan State University College of Law) in 1924 and was admitted to the Michigan Bar the same year. He was in private practice of law in Detroit, Michigan, from 1924 to 1934. He was city attorney of Hamtramck, Michigan, from 1934 to 1936. He was legal director of the Michigan Public Utilities Commission from 1938 to 1939. He returned to private practice in Hamtramck from 1939 to 1942. He was a municipal judge for Hamtramck from 1942 to 1950. He was a delegate to the Democratic National Convention from Michigan in 1952 and 1956.

## Congressional service

Machrowicz was elected as a Democrat to the 82nd Congress and to the five succeeding Congresses and served from January 3, 1951, to September 18, 1961, when he resigned to accept appointment to the federal bench.

## Federal judicial service

Machrowicz was nominated by President John F. Kennedy on August 25, 1961, to a seat on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan vacated by Judge Frank Albert Picard. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on September 1, 1961, and received his commission on September 7, 1961. His service was terminated on February 17, 1970, due to his death in Bloomfield Township, Oakland County, Michigan. He was interred in Mount Olivet Cemetery in Detroit, Michigan.