OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Even circuit theorem

In extremal graph theory, the even circuit theorem is a result of Paul Erdős according to which an n-vertex graph that does not have a simple cycle of length 2k can only have O(n$^{1+1/k}$) edges. For instance, 4-cycle-free graphs have O(n$^{3/2}$) edges, 6-cycle-free graphs have O(n$^{4/3}$) edges, etc.

## History

The result was stated without proof by Erdős in 1964. Bondy & Simonovits (1974) published the first proof, and strengthened the theorem to show that, for n-vertex graphs with Ω(n$^{1+1/k}$) edges, all even cycle lengths between 2k and 2kn$^{1/k}$ occur.

## Lower bounds

$2k$
$k$
$2$
$3$
$5$
$\Omega (n^{1+1/k})$
The bound of Erdős's theorem is tight up to constant factors for some small values of k: for k = 2, 3, or 5, there exist graphs with Ω(n$^{1+1/k}$) edges that have no 2k-cycle.
It is unknown for k other than 2, 3, or 5 whether there exist graphs that have no 2k-cycle but have Ω(n$^{1+1/k}$) edges, matching Erdős's upper bound. Only a weaker bound is known, according to which the number of edges can be Ω(n$^{1+2/(3k−3)}$) for odd values of k, or Ω(n$^{1+2/(3k−4)}$) for even values of k.

## Constant factors

Because a 4-cycle is a complete bipartite graph, the maximum number of edges in a 4-cycle-free graph can be seen as a special case of the Zarankiewicz problem on forbidden complete bipartite graphs, and the even circuit theorem for this case can be seen as a special case of the Kővári–Sós–Turán theorem. More precisely, in this case it is known that the maximum number of edges in a 4-cycle-free graph is
    $n^{3/2}\left({\frac {1}{2}}+o(1)\right).$
Erdős & Simonovits (1982) conjectured that, more generally, the maximum number of edges in a 2k-cycle-free graph is
    $n^{1+1/k}\left({\frac {1}{2}}+o(1)\right).$
However, later researchers found that there exist 6-cycle-free graphs and 10-cycle-free graphs with a number of edges that is larger by a constant factor than this conjectured bound, disproving the conjecture. More precisely, the maximum number of edges in a 6-cycle-free graph lies between the bounds
    $0.5338n^{4/3}\leq \operatorname {ex} (n,C_{6})\leq 0.6272n^{4/3},$
where ex(n,G) denotes the maximum number of edges in an n-vertex graph that has no subgraph isomorphic to G. The maximum number of edges in a 10-cycle-free graph can be at least
    $4\left({\frac {n}{5}}\right)^{6/5}\approx 0.5798n^{6/5}.$
The best proven upper bound on the number of edges, for 2k-cycle-free graphs for arbitrary values of k, is
    $n^{1+1/k}\left(k-1+o(1)\right).$
# Ross Denny

Ross Patrick Denny (born 1955) is a British diplomat who has been the British Ambassador to Costa Rica and Nicaragua since 2015. He was appointed as ambassador on 3 February 2015 and succeeded Sharon Campbell and Chris Campbell in September that year.

## Pre-consular career

Before joining the Foreign Service, Denny served in the Royal Navy from 1972 until 1979.

## Consular career

Denny joined the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) in 1979 and first worked in the West Indies and Atlantic Department. In 1980, he was moved to be an Accountant for the British Embassy in Santiago, Chile and stayed there for three years. He was then moved to the British Embassy in Doha, Qatar to be an Assistant Management Officer.
In 1985, Denny was posted to Warsaw as Vice Consul and from 1988 to 1990 he was a Desk Officer in the Personnel Department of the FCO. He then became Desk Officer for the Papua New Guinea and South West Pacific Department and in 1992 was sent to the Hague as a Second Secretary.
Denny was made Deputy Head of Mission in Luanda, Angola under Ambassador John Thompson from 2002 to 2005. In 2008, he was appointed the Administrator of Ascension. He remained in the post for three years before he was made United Kingdom Ambassador to Bolivia. He stayed as Bolivian ambassador until 2015 when he was made Ambassador to Costa Rica and Non-Resident Ambassador to Nicaragua.
In 2018, Denny said that he was "deeply concerned" about the violence of the 2018 Nicaraguan protests and called on the government to "uphold ... the human rights of all Nicaraguans".

## Personal life

Denny has a wife and four children, two sons and two daughters.
# Befu Station (Hyōgo)

Befu Station (別府駅, Befu-eki) is a passenger railway station located in the city of Kakogawa, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan, operated by the private Sanyo Electric Railway.

## Lines

Befu Station is served by the Sanyo Electric Railway Main Line and is 32.2 kilometers from the terminus of the line at Nishidai.

## Station layout

The station consists of two unnumbered ground-level side platforms connected by an underground passage. The station is unattended.

### Platforms

| south-bound | ■ Main Line | for Takasago, Himeji and Sanyo-Aboshi |
| north-bound | ■ Main Line | for Sanyo Akashi, Sannomiya and Osaka |

## Adjacent stations

| « | Service | » |
| Sanyo Electric Railway |||||
| Sanyo Electric Railway Main Line |||||
| Sanyo Limited Express: Does not stop at this station |||||
| Harimachō | Sanyo S Limited Express | Hamanomiya |
| Harimachō | Sanyo Local | Hamanomiya |

## History

Befu Station opened on August 19, 1923 as Befu-kitaguchi Station (別府北口駅). It was renamed Dentetsu Befu Station (電鉄別府駅) on April 1, 1944 and renamed to its present name on April 7, 1991.

## Passenger statistics

In fiscal 2018, the station was used by an average of 4,784 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).

## Surrounding area

* Kakogawa City Marine Culture Center
* Beppu Port
# 2019 Limerick Premier Intermediate Hurling Championship

The 2019 Limerick Premier Intermediate Hurling Championship was the sixth staging of the Limerick Premier Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Limerick County Board in 2014.
On 26 October 2019, Blackrock won the championship after a 1-18 to 0-16 defeat of Kildimo/Pallaskenry in a final replay at the Gaelic Grounds. It was Blackrock's first championship title in this grade.
# Svjat Dreams 1762–1991

Svjat Dreams 1762–1991, known by fans as simply Svjat Dreams, was released on 7 September 1991, and is the 2nd studio album to be released by the group Mizar. It was the last album by the group before they broke up in 1992, but they reformed in 2003.

## Track listing

"Dom" was written by future Arhangel vocalist Risto Vrtev, who had played in an early lineup of Mizar in the early 1980s. "Svjat Dreams" is credited to David A. Stewart in the lyric sheet.

## Release history

Svjat Dreams was actually released on two labels. It was released on vinyl and cassette by Amarkord, a vanity label set up by Mizar to self-publish the release. The Amarkord vinyl was pressed up by Jugoton. Since Mizar's contract with Helidon had not ended at the time of release, they released the album on cassette and CD. The Helidon cassette featured slightly different cover art to the Amarkord release.
In 2003, the album was reissued on CD with three bonus tracks: "Stareesh" (a demo recording from 1989, previously released in a live version from 1990 under the title "Samo eden mig" on Svedozhba, a semi-official reissue of Mizar's self-titled debut, in 1997), a live version of album track "Da peam pesna" and "The Fog", a song recorded by Gorazd Chapovski in his Australian band Kismet in 1993 (albeit incorrectly listed as the "last song by Mizar".
A darker sounding earlier version of the title track was recorded in 1989 and released on Svedozhba.

## Personnel

* Goran Tanevski - vocals
* Gorazd Chapovski - guitar
* Ilija Stojanovski - bass
* Zharko Serafimovski - drums
* Vladimir Kaevski - keyboards
# Vosketap

39°52′21″N 44°39′16″E﻿ / ﻿39.87250°N 44.65444°E﻿ / 39.87250; 44.65444
Vosketap (Armenian: Ոսկետափ; Azerbaijani: Şirazlı) is a village in the Vedi Municipality of the Ararat Province of Armenia. The town's local Azerbaijanis moved following the outbreak of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. In 1988-1989 Armenian refugees from Azerbaijan settled in the village.
# Stephen Swift

Stephen Jensen Swift (born September 7, 1943 in Utah) is a former judge of the United States Tax Court. Swift graduated from Menlo Atherton High School, in Atherton, California in 1961. He received his Bachelor of Science from Brigham Young University in Political Science in 1967 and his Juris Doctor from The George Washington University Law School in 1970.
Swift was appointed by President Ronald Reagan as Judge, United States Tax Court, on August 16, 1983, for a term ending August 15, 1998. He thereafter served as Senior Judge on recall performing judicial duties until reappointed by President Bill Clinton on December 1, 2000, for a term ending November 30, 2015. Swift resumed senior status on September 8, 2008, and retired on January 1, 2016.

## Employment

* Attorney, United States Department of Justice Tax Division, 1970–74
* Assistant U.S. Attorney, Tax Division, U.S. Attorney's Office, San Francisco, California, 1974–77
* Vice President and Senior Tax Counsel, Tax Department, Bank of America N.T. and S.A., San Francisco, California, 1977–83
* Adjunct professor, Graduate Tax Programs, Golden Gate University, San Francisco, California, 1978–83; University of Baltimore, 1987 to present
* Member of State Bar of California, District of Columbia Bar, and American Bar Association, Section of Taxation.
# Daniel Ojo

Taiwo Daniel Ojo (born 17 February 2001) is an Italian professional footballer who plays as a defender most recently in the National League South for Billericay Town.

## Career

Having come through the Charlton Athletic academy, Ojo joined Yeovil Town in June 2017 signing a youth scholarship deal. On 6 November 2018, Ojo made his debut for Yeovil in an EFL Trophy 4–0 group stage victory against West Ham United under-23s. In December 2018, Ojo was awarded his first professional contract with Yeovil committing him to the club until June 2021. On 23 February 2019, Ojo made his English Football League debut in a 1–0 victory over Cambridge United.
In September 2019, Ojo joined Southern League Division One South club Melksham Town on loan until January 2020.
On 10 January 2020, Ojo left Yeovil after the club reluctantly agreed to mutually terminate his contract to allow him to be closer to his home in London.
On 26 August 2021, Ojo signed for National League South side Billericay Town. and joined Cheshunt F.C. on a dual loan registration deal.

## Career statistics

    As of match played 2 May 2022.
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | FA Cup | FA Cup | EFL Cup | EFL Cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Yeovil Town | 2018–19 | League Two | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 7 | 0 |
| Yeovil Town | 2019–20 | National League | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Yeovil Town | Total | Total | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 8 | 0 |
| Melksham Town (loan) | 2019–20 | Southern League Division One South | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 3 | 0 | 9 | 0 |
| Dulwich Hamlet | 2020–21 | National League South | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Cheshunt | 2020–21 | Isthmian League Premier Division | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| Billericay Town | 2021–22 | National League South | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| Cheshunt (loan) | 2021–22 | Isthmian League Premier Division | 22 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 10 | 0 | 32 | 1 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 41 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 59 | 1 |
* ↑ Appearance in EFL Trophy
* ↑ Two appearances in FA Trophy, one appearance in Southern League Cup
* 1 2 Appearance(s) in FA Trophy
* ↑ Appearance(s) in Velocity Sports Trophy
* ↑ Appearance(s) in Herts Senior Cup
* ↑ Appearance(s) in Isthmian League Premier Division Play-Offs
# Harvey McClellan

Hervey McDowell McClellan (December 22, 1894 – November 6, 1925) was an American Major League Baseball infielder.
McClellan started his professional baseball career in 1914. He played two years for the Lexington Colts of the Ohio State League, hitting below .200 both years. Many reporters of the era mistakenly called him Harvey.
McClellan joined the Chicago White Sox in 1919. He sat on the bench during the next few years but got more playing time when the team's stars were suspended in the Black Sox Scandal. In 1922, he was playing third base in a charity exhibition pitting all-star players from the New England and American Leagues against the Boston Red Sox and in the fourth inning pitched a ball to first baseman Elizabeth "Lizzie" Murphy. The historical game was the first time a woman had played against major league players. He was the starting shortstop for one season, 1923.
In 1925, McClellan died in his hometown after a five-month-long illness.
# Irvington Bowman Apartments

The Irvington Bowman Apartments is an apartment complex located in northeast Portland, Oregon listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
# Isaac Block House

The Isaac Block House is a historic house at 404 East Hamilton Street in Wynne, Arkansas. It is a 1+1⁄2-story wood-frame structure, locally notable for its fine Queen Anne styling. On the exterior this is evident in the wraparound porch, the use of fish-scale wood shingles, a projecting gable with carved decoration, and projecting bays that are similarly decorated. The house was built in Wittsburg in about 1885 by Isaac Block, a merchant son of German Jewish immigrants. After the railroad bypassed Wittsburg, Block decided to move the house to Wynne, a feat accomplished in the early 1900s by cutting the house into sections and hauling them on oversized wagons to the present location.
The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.
# The Canton Register

The Canton Register was an English language newspaper founded by Scottish merchants James Matheson and his nephew Alexander together with Philadelphian William Wightman Wood, the first editor. First published in Canton on 8 November 1827 and printed every two weeks, it was one of China's first English-language newspapers. Over the years, the publication was renamed The Hongkong Register and changed ownership shortly before ceasing operation in late 1850's.
# Nathan Drake (disambiguation)

Nathan Drake is the protagonist of the Uncharted video game series.
Nathan Drake may also refer to:
* Nathan Drake (artist) (c. 1728–1778), English artist
* Nathan Drake (essayist) (1766–1836), his son, English Shakespearian essayist and physician
# Vilakku Vangiya Veena

Vilakku Vangiya Veena (transl. Veena bought on price) is a 1971 Indian Malayalam film, directed and produced by P. Bhaskaran. The film stars Prem Nazir, Madhu, Sharada and KPAC Lalitha in the lead roles. The film had musical score by V. Dakshinamoorthy.

## Plot

Sarada, who is in love with Vijayan, a struggling singer, decides to sell her gold to send him to Madras to pursue his career. However, things change when he becomes successful and forgets about her.

## Cast

* Prem Nazir as Vijayan
* Madhu as Venu
* Sharada as Sarada
* KPAC Lalitha as Vijayan's Sister Geetha
* Jayabharathi as Sunanda
* Adoor Bhasi as Menon
* Jose Prakash as KR Das
* Sankaradi as Sankarappillai
* T. R. Omana as Nirmala
* T. S. Muthaiah as Raghavan
* Paul Vengola SKariya Mappila
* Abbas as Money Lender
* Adoor Bhavani as Parvathy
* Bahadoor as Prathapan
* Girish Kumar
* M. J. Menon
* Vanchiyoor Radha

## Soundtrack

All music is composed by V. Dakshinamoorthy
# Prius Missile

"Prius Missile" (Japanese: プリウス・ミサイル, Hepburn: Puriusu-Misairu) is an internet slang term originating from Japan in the 2010s. The term is used in Japan to describe the Toyota Prius as a "missile", as it is driven by older drivers who have been involved in traffic accidents and crashed into buildings. The slang term is thought to have emerged from the prevalence of Japanese news reports showing images of the Prius involved in traffic accidents caused by sudden unintended acceleration, such as the Higashi-Ikebukuro runaway car crash in 2019.

## Origin

The slang term originated in Japan towards the end of the 2010s at a time when an increase in car accidents caused by older drivers accidentally accelerating received wider attention. The internet compared the incidents of cars suddenly accelerating into buildings and crashing to that of a missile. Due to the anecdotal observation that many of the drivers involved in such accidents were driving the brand and make of the Toyota Prius, that slang evolved to incorporate the Prius with an image of a missile. The Higashi-Ikebukuro runaway car crash in 2019 was one notable example of an incident that received coverage.
According to the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, the accident rate of the Prius does not differ from other vehicles. Subsequent investigation of the cause of the Higashi-Ikebukuro runaway crash found that it was not caused by the failure of the 2nd Prius model.
Japanese journalist Masaki Kubota [ja] reported that the viral spread of the internet slang term and the creation of the Prius's public image as a crash-prone car is thought to be caused by several different factors, including large numbers of Prius vehicles in use in Japan, the car's popularity with older drivers, older drivers usually being overconfident in their driving skills, and the Prius's significance as a well-known car model.

## Impact and prevention

The slang went viral after the Higashi-Ikebukuro runaway car crash in April 2019, as the number of Google searches skyrocketed in that month. Hashtags on Twitter, like #プリウスミサイル (Prius Missile) and #今日のプリウス (Today's Prius) were seen due to the frequency of the vehicle's appearance during car crashes involving older drivers.
Toyota executive Yoshida Moritaka [ja] told shareholders in June 2019 that the company was cooperating with police investigations into the accidents and that he was personally committed to promoting a safe car society. In July 2020, the Toyota Prius PHV was equipped with features to prevent sudden acceleration. The 5th-generation Prius in 2022 also had changes in shift levers and pedals to prevent sudden accelerations.
# Finn Haunstoft

Finn Haunstoft (8 July 1928 in Aarhus, Denmark – 12 May 2008 by Kielstrup Sø, Mariager, Denmark) was a Danish sprint canoer who competed in the 1950s. Competing in two Summer Olympics, he won the gold in the C-2 1000 m event at Helsinki in 1952. He also won 4 nordic and 10 Danish championships.
# Knavs

Knavs is a Slovenian surname.
Notable people with the surname include:
* Aleksander Knavs (born 1975), Slovenian footballer
* Amalija Knavs (1945–2024), Slovenian-American textile maker; mother of Melania
* Melania Trump (born Melanija Knavs in 1970), Slovene-American former model and First Lady of the United States
# Isaac Lawrence House

The Isaac Lawrence House is a historic house on Elm Street in the Canaan Village of North Canaan, Connecticut. Built about 1751 by one of the town's first settlers, the house has served as a residence and tavern, serving customers on the adjacent travel route. The property is also of archaeological significance, with historical artifacts dating to the 18th century. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

## Description and history

The Isaac Lawrence House is located just south of the village center of Canaan (not to be confused with the town of Canaan further south), on the west side of Elm Street (United States Route 7) just north of its crossing of the Blackberry River. It is a 2+1⁄2-story wood-frame structure, with a side-gable roof, central chimney, and clapboarded exterior. The front facade faces east to the street, and is symmetrical, with a central entrance sheltered by a gable-roofed enclosed vestibule. The interior follows a center chimney plan, with the entry area including a winding paneled staircase, and parlors to either side of the chimney. The original kitchen extends behind the chimney, with a large fireplace and beehive oven. These rooms and others retain original woodwork.
North Canaan, originally part of the town of Canaan, was settled in the 1730s. Isaac Lawrence was among the first wave of settlers, and built this house in 1751. In addition to farming, Lawrence operated a tavern out of the house, where many local meetings were held. The opening of the Hartford-Albany Turnpike (United States Route 44, just to the north) in 1800 brought the tavern increased business. As of the property's 1983 listing on the National Register, it was still in the hands of Lawrence's descendants. Archaeological excavations conducted on the property in 1979 and 1980 established the presence of well-stratified historic artifacts from the period of initial settlement.
# Isaac Lightner House

The Isaac Lightner House in Shaler Township, Pennsylvania, was built in 1833. This Greek Revival house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 20, 1978, and the List of Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation Historic Landmarks in 1976.
# Hisham ibn Amr al-Taghlibi

Hisham ibn Amr al-Taghlibi was the governor of the Abbasid Vilayet As-Sindh. He was appointed in 768 by Caliph al-Mansur.

## Governor of Sindh

He was appointed during the caliphate of al-Mansur (136 A.H. to 158 A.H.). on reaching Sindh, he re-annexed all those territories of the Province which had been receded due to rebellions and turmoil during his predecessor's rule.
He attacked Multan and annexed it. Then he invaded parts of the Karkota dynasty and captured gold as well as slaves. Then, he invaded the (Gandhar) near Bharuch and annexed it into the caliphate. He demolished the temple there and built a Mosque. He also sent Jamal to Barda, where he raided the region and plundered it.