OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Moses Cohen Mordecai

Moses Cohen Mordecai (1804–1888) was an American businessman, politician, and parnas (synagogue administrator). He was the owner of the Mordecai Steamship Line, which he used to import fruit, sugar, tobacco, and coffee. He also served as a member of the South Carolina Senate. He became "the most prominent Jewish Charlestonian of the 1850s and 1860s." During the American Civil War, he supported the Confederate States of America, and his ships were used by the Confederate States Navy. He retired in Baltimore.

## Early life

Moses Cohen Mordecai was born on February 19, 1804, in Charleston, South Carolina.

## Career

Mordecai owned the Mordecai Steamship Line, which he used to import fruit, sugar, tobacco, and coffee. Additionally, he was a co-owner of the Southern Standard, a newspaper published in South Carolina from 1851 to 1858. At the same time, he served as a member of the South Carolina Senate. His votes reflected his opposition to secession in the 1850s, prior to the American Civil War of 1861–1865. He used his newspaper to echo this position. Moreover, he was widely seen as a politician representing the merchant class and free trade.
According to author Robert N. Rosen, Mordecai became "the most prominent Jewish Charlestonian of the 1850s and 1860s." He served as the parnass, or chief administrative officer, of the Congregation Kahal Kadosh Beth Elohim, a synagogue in Charleston. Overall, he did not suffer from much open antisemitism; however, historians have noted that Senator James Henry Hammond (1807–1864) privately called him a "miserable Jew" in his diary.
During the American Civil War of 1861–1865, Mordecai decided to change his mind about secession and supported the Confederate States of America. Some of his ships were used by the Confederate States Navy. For example, the Isabel, named in honor of his wife, was used to remove Major Robert Anderson (1805–1871) from Fort Sumter at the Battle of Fort Sumter on April 14, 1861. In the aftermath of the Civil War, and after his shipping enterprise had been shattered and he became blind, he moved to Baltimore, Maryland.
Mordecai was a slave owner.

## Personal life

Mordecai married Isabel Rebecca Lyons (1804–1896). They had four children:
* Hortensia Mordecai (1830–1899)
* Rosa Hays Mordecai Tobias (1832–1897)
* Minnie Mordecai Lazarus (1839–1913)
* Isabel Mordecai (1842–1927)
In 1837, he purchased a mansion in Charleston built for Dr Jean Ernest Poyas (1756–1824) in the Adam style; it became his family home. The house is located at 69 Meeting Street near St. Michael's Episcopal Church, south of Broad Street, in Charleston, South Carolina. Despite the Civil War, the house still stands today.

## Death

Mordecai died on December 30, 1888, in Baltimore.
# Aa (plant)

Aa is a genus of plants of the family Orchidaceae.
Species in this genus can be found growing terrestrially in cold habitats near the snowline in the Andes and also in Costa Rica; they are usually found close to small streams. The elongated inflorescence grows from a basal rosette of leaves, terminating in a small white non-resupinate flower. This lip is fringed and hood-shaped. The flower gives off a pungent smell that attracts flies. This genus has often been included in the orchid genus Altensteinia.
The first scientific description of a species of this genus was made in 1815 by Karl Sigismund Kunth, naming it first Ophrys paleacea Kunth (1806)., and later Altensteinia paleacea. In 1854 Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach separated Aa from Altensteinia, to include two species Aa argyrolepis and Aa paleacea. The genus name apparently was rendered by the author to always appear first in alphabetical listings. Another – disputed – explanation, is that Reichenbach named this genus after Pieter van der Aa; the printer of the Dutch botanist Paul Herman's "Paradisus Batavus". A few years later, Reichenbach reviewed the name of the genus and named it again Altensteinia. Finally in 1912 Rudolf Schlechter switched the name again to Aa, as more species were being discovered making the new name more significant.

## Species

The following species of Aa are accepted
* Aa achalensis Schltr. 1920 (Argentina)
* Aa argyrolepis Rchb.f. 1854 (Colombia to Ecuador)
* Aa aurantiaca D.Trujillo (Peru)
* Aa calceata (Rchb.f.) Schltr. 1912 (Peru to Bolivia)
* Aa colombiana Schltr. 1920 (Colombia to Ecuador)
* Aa denticulata Schltr. 1920 (Colombia to Ecuador)
* Aa erosa (Rchb.f.) Schltr. 1912 (Peru)
* Aa fiebrigii (Schltr.) Schltr. 1912 (Bolivia)
* Aa figueroi Szlach. & S. Nowak, 2014
* Aa hieronymi (Cogn.) Schltr. 1912 (Argentina)
* Aa lehmannii Rchb. f. ex Szlach. & Kolan., 2014
* Aa leucantha (Rchb.f.) Schltr. 1920 (Colombia to Ecuador)
* Aa lorentzii Schltr. 1920 (Argentina)
* Aa lozanoi Szlach. & S. Nowak, 2014
* Aa macra Schltr. 1921 (Ecuador)
* Aa maderoi Schltr. 1920 (Venezuela; Colombia; Ecuador)
* Aa mandonii (Rchb.f.) Schltr. 1912 (Peru to Bolivia)
* Aa matthewsii (Rchb.f.) Schltr. 1912 (Peru)
* Aa microtidis Schltr. 1922 (Bolivia)
* Aa paleacea (Kunth) Rchb.f. 1854 (Costa Rica to Bolivia)
* Aa riobambae Schltr. 1921 (Ecuador)
* Aa rosei Ames 1922 (Peru)
* Aa schickendanzii Schltr. 1920 (Argentina)
* Aa sphaeroglossa Schltr. 1922 (Bolivia)
* Aa trilobulata Schltr. 1922 (Bolivia)
* Aa weddelliana (Rchb.f.) Schltr. 1912 (Peru to NW Argentina)
    Synonyms:
* Aa hartwegii Garay 1978 (Ecuador; Colombia; Venezuela); syn., → Aa maderoi Schltr.,
* Aa gymnandra (Rchb.f.) Schltr. 1912 a synonym of Myrosmodes gymnandra (Rchb.f.) C.A.Vargas
* Aa inaequalis (Rchb.f.) Schltr. 1912 (Peru to Bolivia); a synonym of Myrosmodes inaequalis (Rchb.f.) C.A.Vargas
* Aa nervosa (Kraenzl.) Schltr. 1912 (Chile); accepted name Myrosmodes nervosa (Kraenzl.) Novoa, C.A.Vargas & Cisternas
# Douglas Woodruff Hillman

Douglas Woodruff Hillman (February 15, 1922 – February 1, 2007) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Michigan.

## Education and career

Born in Grand Rapids, Michigan, Hillman was a lieutenant in the United States Army from 1942 to 1945. He received an Artium Baccalaureus degree from the University of Michigan in 1946, and a Bachelor of Laws from the University of Michigan Law School in 1948. He was then in private practice in Grand Rapids until 1979.

## Federal judicial service

On July 12, 1979, Hillman was nominated by President Jimmy Carter to a new seat on the United States District Court for the Western District of Michigan created by 92 Stat. 1629. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on September 25, 1979, and received his commission the following day. He served as Chief Judge from 1986 to 1991, assuming senior status on February 15, 1991. Hillman served in that capacity until his retirement from the bench on October 1, 2002.

## Death

Hillman died on February 1, 2007, in Muskegon, Michigan.
# John Joseph O'Connell

John Joseph O'Connell (September 8, 1894 – December 16, 1949) was a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit.

## Education and career

Born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, O'Connell received a Bachelor of Science degree from Duquesne University in 1928, and a Bachelor of Laws from Duquesne University School of Law in 1931. He served in the United States Navy during World War I from 1918 to 1919. He entered private practice in Pittsburgh from 1931 to 1936. He was an assistant solicitor for Allegheny County, Pennsylvania from 1936 to 1943. He was solicitor for Allegheny County from 1944 to 1945.

## Federal judicial service

O'Connell was nominated by President Harry S. Truman on September 12, 1945, to the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit, to a new seat authorized by 58 Stat. 796. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on October 3, 1945, and received his commission on October 11, 1945. His service terminated on December 16, 1949, due to his death.
# Amicia

Amicia is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It includes seven species which are native to Mexico, Panama, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and northwestern Argentina. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae, and was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic Adesmia clade. It is named in honor of the Italian astronomer, mathematician and microscopist Giovanni Battista Amici (1786–1863).
* Amicia andicola (Griseb.) Harms – central Bolivia to northwestern Argentina
* Amicia fimbriata Kuntze – central Bolivia to northwestern Argentina
* Amicia glandulosa Kunth – southern Panama, Ecuador, and northern Peru
* Amicia lobbiana Benth. – central Peru to central Bolivia
* Amicia medicaginea Griseb. – Bolivia and northwestern Argentina
* Amicia micrantha Harms ex Kuntze – Bolivia
* Amicia zygomeris DC. – Mexico
# Herbert Stephenson Boreman

Herbert Stephenson Boreman (September 21, 1897 – March 26, 1982) was a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit and previously was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of West Virginia.

## Education and career

Born in Middlebourne, West Virginia, Boreman received a Bachelor of Laws from West Virginia University College of Law in 1920. He was in private practice in Parkersburg, West Virginia, 1920 to 1923, thereafter serving as both an Assistant United States Attorney and as a divorce commissioner for the Wood County Circuit Court of West Virginia from 1923 to 1927, before returning to private practice until 1929. He was Prosecutor for Wood County, West Virginia from 1929 to 1932. From 1932 to 1954, he was again in private practice, also serving as a member of the West Virginia Senate from 1942 to 1950. Boreman ran for Governor of West Virginia in 1948, as a Republican but lost to Democrat Okey L. Patteson, receiving just under 43% of the vote.

## Federal judicial service

Boreman was nominated by President Dwight D. Eisenhower on June 22, 1954, to a seat on the United States District Court for the Northern District of West Virginia vacated by Judge William E. Baker. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on July 21, 1954, and received his commission on July 22, 1954. His service terminated on June 22, 1959, due to his elevation to the Fourth Circuit.
Boreman received a recess appointment to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit on October 17, 1958, but declined the appointment. Boreman was nominated by President Eisenhower on January 20, 1959, to a seat on the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit vacated by Judge John J. Parker. He was confirmed by the Senate on June 16, 1959, and received his commission on June 17, 1959. He assumed senior status on June 15, 1971. His service terminated on March 26, 1982, due to his death in Parkersburg.
# Aulonemia viscosa

Aulonemia viscosa is a species of bamboo of the genus Aulonemia. It is part of the grass family and endemic to Latin America.
# BC School Sports

BC School Sports is the governing body for secondary school sports in the province of British Columbia, Canada. It was originally organized in 1965 as the British Columbia Federation of School Athletic Associations (BCFSAA) by a group of interested teachers and administrators. A Constitution was adopted in 1966. Jim Stewart of Coquitlam was the first President. Stewart was elected to the BC School Sports Honour Roll in 1993. Operational support was received from the provincial government (but Provincial support was withdrawn in 2009). During a special general meeting in October 2009, the membership voted to increase fees up to 75% to offset the cost of the provincial government's elimination of funding.

## History

The association opened an office in January 1970, with Executive Secretary Don Steen as the first employee. The name was changed to BC School Sports in 1980-81.
The following individuals have been Presidents of the Association:
* 1968-70 James Stewart (Coquitlam)
* 1970-71 Ed Carlin (White Rock)
* 1971-72 Dan Doyle (Coquitlam)
* 1972-73 Neal Henderson (Victoria)
* 1973-74 Court Brousson (Victoria)
* 1974-75 Jack Armour (Vancouver)
* 1975-76 David Lynn (Williams Lake)
* 1976-78 Ray Towers (Coquitlam)
* 1978-79 Bob Stebbings (Delta)
* 1979-80 Rick Mark (Victoria)
* 1980-81 Terry Cotton (Ladysmith)
* 1981-82 Barry Wright (Westbank)
* 1982-84 Bob Price (Chemainus)
* 1984-85 Keith Lanphear (Cassiar)
* 1985-86 Bob Jackson (Richmond)
* 1986-87 Marty Cross (Prince George)
* 1987-88 Bob Ferguson (Creston)
* 1988-90 Collin York (Surrey)
* 1990-91 Dave Derpak (Nakusp)
* 1991-92 Ken Bartel (Kelowna)
* 1992-93 Jill Philipchuk (Vancouver)
* 1993-95 Dave Bingham (Winfield)
* 1995-96 Bob Lindsay (Kelowna)
* 1996-99 Jo Ann Ward (Coquitlam)
* 1999-03 Jeanine Stannard (Victoria)
* 2003-05 Brian Lynch (West Vancouver)
* 2005-06 Philip Cizmic (Campbell River)
* 2006-12 Raj Puri (Surrey)
* 2012-16 Deb Whitten (Victoria)
* 2016- Mike Allina (Vancouver)
# Battle of Cixi

The Battle of Cixi or Battle of Tzeki (慈溪之戰) was an armed engagement in the Taiping Rebellion fought between the Ever Victorious Army of the Qing dynasty and forces of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom on September 21, 1862, at Cixi. The battle, which was won by the Ever Victorious Army, resulted in the mortal wounding of Frederick Townsend Ward, the American mercenary who founded and commanded the force. Ward's death after the battle led to the succession of Henry Andres Burgevine as commander of the Ever Victorious Army and initiated a period of decline for the force.

## Background

When Shanghai was successively attacked by Taiping Rebels in 1862, foreign inhabitants favored removing the potential threat and cooperating with imperial forces; as a result, combined British and French naval troops under the command of Adm. James Hope were involved in military conflict with the Taiping Rebellion. One of the communities inhabited by the rebels was Ningbo, a port and walled city located south of Hangzhou Bay.
The imperial army laid siege to Ningbo's occupiers on 6 May. After a false flag attack on the British ships docked outside Ningbo, the western ships began bombarding the Taiping. They then sent their crews into the city, overpowering rebel forces and turning over Ningbo to the imperial army. With Ningbo secure, Ward's soldiers and the Qing forces began launching attacks in the surrounding areas against the rebels. During this time Cixi was one of the encircling cities ravaged by violence.

## Battle

The Ever Victorious Army attacked Cixi on 21 September. As well as being trained in artillery and rifle usage, they were accompanied by the gunboats H.M.S. Hardy and Confucius. Ward led from the front and was hit in the stomach by a musket ball. However, he remained on the battlefield until victory was certain.

## Aftermath

Ward died from his wound the day after the battle. The death of Ward started a period of decline for the Ever Victorious Army. Henry Andres Burgevine, another American mercenary and Ward's second-in-command, succeeded Ward as commander, despite initial objections from the British army officer Charles Staveley and the Huai Army commander Li Hongzhang. As commander, Burgevine allowed the soldiers under his command to become unruly, mismanaged the army's finances, and frequently quarreled with his superiors. The resulting disagreements between Burgevine, British officials, Li Hongzhang, and the army's sponsors led to his betrayal of the Qing Dynasty.
# She Was the Other

She Was the Other is a 1914 American silent comedy film featuring Mabel Paige and Oliver Hardy.

## Cast

* Ed Lawrence - The Chief
* Oliver Hardy - Cutie (as Babe Hardy)
* Mabel Paige - Helen
# Mohammad Nurul Islam (admiral)

Mohammad Nurul Islam ncc, psc, (BN) was a former chief of staff of Bangladesh Navy from 4 June 1995 to 3 June 1999.
# One in a Million: The Ron LeFlore Story

One in a Million: The Ron LeFlore Story (also known as Man of Passion) is a 1978 American made-for-television biographical sports drama film telling the story of Ron LeFlore, a troubled Detroit youth who rose from Michigan prisons to star in Major League Baseball with the Detroit Tigers. The film was based on LeFlore's autobiography, Breakout: From Prison to the Big Leagues.

## Plot

The film follows LeFlore from his heroin addiction, to his time in Michigan's Jackson State Penitentiary, and tells of his discovery in prison by Billy Martin, who was then the manager of the Detroit Tigers. The role of Ron LeFlore was played by LeVar Burton. Larry B. Scott portrayed Ron LeFlore's younger brother.
Former Detroit manager Billy Martin played himself, and former Tiger players Norm Cash, Bill Freehan, Al Kaline, and Jim Northrup also appeared as themselves.
The movie first aired on CBS on September 26, 1978 and was released theatrically in Europe.

## Cast

* LeVar Burton as Ron LeFlore
* Madge Sinclair as Georgia LeFlore
* Paul Benjamin as John LeFlore
* James Luisi as Jimmy Karalla
* Billy Martin as Himself
* Zakes Mokae as Pee Wee Spencer
* Larry B. Scott as Gerald LeFlore
* Anthony Mockus Sr. as Board Chairman
# Bandolin (Trinidad)

The Trinidad bandolin is a variation of the mandolin, smaller, approximately 24 x 40 centimeters. Its identity as a distinct instrument comes partly from changes made to the instrument on the island after World War I. Before that time, the instrument had a rounded back made of strips of wood, or occasionally the shell of a turtle. Today it can have either a flat or rounded back; the two are generally though not totally considered to be separate instruments. According to Lise Winer in the Dictionary of the English/Creole of Trinidad & Tobago: On Historical Principles, some people use the term mandolin for the flat-backed instrument and bandolin for the round-backed instrument. The instrument has four courses of steel strings, like a standard mandolin and distinct from the Ecuadorean bandolin. The latter uses four courses of triple strings and is tuned in fourths. A standard mandolin uses four courses of double strings and is tuned in fifths.
The Trinidad bandolin is also seen as distinct from the Trinidadian bandol or bandola, which is the tenor instrument in the same family. It is used in Trinidad's parang music, accompanied by "cuatro, bandola and maracas".
# Bill Norman (baseball)

Henry Willis Patrick "Bill" Norman (July 16, 1910 – April 21, 1962) was an American professional baseball outfielder, coach, manager and scout in Major League Baseball. A longtime minor league player and manager, he is best remembered for his brief term as pilot of the Detroit Tigers in 1958–59.

## Playing career

Norman was born in St. Louis, Missouri, and served as a bat boy for the St. Louis Browns as a 12-year-old. He attended St. Louis University and signed his first professional baseball contract in 1929. A right-handed hitting and throwing outfielder who stood 6 feet 2 inches (1.88 m) tall and weighed 190 pounds (86 kg), he rose quickly to the Major League level as player.
At 21 years old, he was called up to the Chicago White Sox in 1931 after hitting .366 in the Class C Western Association. But he got into only 37 games with the 1931–32 White Sox, batted only .204 in 103 at bats, and would spend the rest of his playing career in the minors, where he batted .303 with 292 home runs in 2,092 games. Norman led the Class A1 Texas League in runs batted in (1941), and the top-level American Association in home runs (1942).

## Managing career

In June 1946, he became manager of the Toronto Maple Leafs of the Triple-A International League, then spent five seasons as a manager in the Cleveland Indians' farm system, winning consecutive Eastern League pennants with the Wilkes-Barre Barons in 1950–51.
Norman then served as a coach for his hometown Browns for in 1952–53 — the Browns' last seasons in St. Louis before moving to Baltimore. In 1954, he joined the Tigers' organization as a scout and minor league manager, and rose to the Triple-A level as skipper of the Charleston Senators of the American Association in 1957. The following season, the Tigers — struggling at 21–28 under Jack Tighe on June 10 — promoted Norman to manager. He led them to 56 victories in 105 games and a fifth-place finish. But during the 1950s, the Tigers were undergoing a period of transition in their ownership and front office and in rebuilding mode on the field. They began 1959 with one of the worst starts in their history, losing 15 of their first 17 games. Norman could not survive the catastrophic streak; he was fired in favor of Jimmie Dykes on May 3.
Norman then rejoined his first MLB team, the White Sox, as a scout. In 1961 he returned to the minor leagues when he was named manager of the Chisox' Triple-A affiliate, the San Diego Padres of the Pacific Coast League, on July 12. It was his last year in baseball. After he returned to his job as a White Sox scout, Norman died from a heart attack at the outset of the 1962 season, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, at the age of 51.

### Managerial record

| Team | Year | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Postseason | Postseason | Postseason | Postseason |
| Team | Year | Games | Won | Lost | Win % | Finish | Won | Lost | Win % | Result |
| DET | 1958 | 105 | 56 | 49 | .533 | Hired June 10 5th in AL | – | – | – | |
| DET | 1959 | 17 | 2 | 15 | .118 | 8th in AL Fired May 3 | – | – | – | |
| Total | Total | 122 | 58 | 64 | .475 | | 0 | 0 | – | |
# Lechea intermedia

Lechea intermedia is a species of pinweeds in the Cistaceae (rock-rose family). Common names for this species include large-pod pinweed, large-podded pinweed, intermediate pinweed, and round-fruited pinweed.

## Range

The native range of Lechea intermedia is central and eastern Canada to northcentral and eastern United States.

## Taxonomy

Lechea intermedia contains the following varieties:
* Lechea intermedia var. juniperina — Maine pinweed (léchéa faux-genévrier)
* Lechea intermedia var. depauperata — impoverished pinweed (léchéa appauvri)
* Lechea intermedia var. laurentiana — Laurentian pinweed (léchéa de la vallée du Saint-Laurent)
* Lechea intermedia var. intermedia — large-pod pinweed (léchéa intermédiaire)
# Auxa subobliquata

Auxa subobliquata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Breuning in 1957.
# Alfonso Calalang

Alfonso Tolentino Calalang was the 3rd Governor of the Central Bank of the Philippines, serving from January 1, 1968, to January 9, 1970. He also served as President of the Chamber of Commerce of the Philippine Islands from 1961 to 1962. Calalang was a member of the Upsilon Sigma Phi fraternity.
# Auxa subtruncata

Auxa subtruncata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Breuning in 1966.