OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Solomon Lewis Withey

Solomon Lewis Withey (April 21, 1820 – April 25, 1886) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Michigan.

## Education and career

Born in St. Albans, Vermont, Withey read law to enter the bar in 1843. He was in private practice in Grand Rapids, Michigan from 1843 to 1863. He was a probate judge for Kent County, Michigan from 1848 to 1852. He was a member of the Michigan Senate from 1861 to 1863.

## Federal judicial service
### District court service

Withey was nominated by President Abraham Lincoln on March 10, 1863, to the United States District Court for the Western District of Michigan, to a new seat authorized by 12 Stat. 660. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on March 11, 1863, and received his commission the same day. His service terminated on April 25, 1886, due to his death in San Diego, California.

### Sixth Circuit consideration

President Ulysses S. Grant nominated Withey to the United States Circuit Courts for the Sixth Circuit on December 17, 1869, and he was confirmed by the Senate on December 22, 1869, however he declined the appointment.
# Martin Stokken

Martin Stokken (16 January 1923 – 25 March 1984) was a Norwegian cross-country skier who competed at the 1948 and 1952 Summer and 1952 and 1956 Winter Olympics. At the Summer Olympics he ran 5000 m and 10,000 m, finishing fourth in the latter event in 1948. At the Winter Games he won a silver medal in the 4 × 10 km relay in 1952, placing fourth in 1956. His best individual result was six place in the 18 km in 1952 and in 15 km in 1956. At the world skiing championships Stokken won a bronze medal in the 4 × 10 km relay event in 1950 and placed fourth over 50 km in 1954. In 1954 he also won the 50 km race at the Holmenkollen ski festival and won the Holmenkollen medal. Earlier in 1949 he was awarded the Egebergs Ærespris.
Stokken was born as the youngest of four siblings on a desolate farm. In 1934 the farm burned down and his father died soon after that. In his teens Stokken worked as a shepherd, and earned enough money to buy a pair of decent skis for his training. In 1939 he and his mother moved to Fåvang, where he joined the local ski club. During World War II, in 1943, he fled to Sweden and joined the Norwegian resistance movement. He returned to Norway in 1945, and in 1946 won the national title and placed eighth in 10,000 m running at the 1946 European Championships. From then on and until 1951 he was the best Norwegian 5000 m and 10,000 m runner. He also excelled in the 3000 m steeplechase, placing fourth at the 1950 European Championships. He retired from athletics in 1955, after setting his personal best over 5000 m, and having won 19 national titles over his athletic career.
In the late 1940s Stokken trained in cross-country skiing merely to stay fit in winters, but since 1951 he began competing and was included into the national team. Besides his international achievements in skiing, between 1951 and 1957 he won five national titles. He retired in 1960 after winning the Birkebeiner race from Rena to Lillehammer. In retirement he continued working as police officer in Trondheim Municipality (he held that position from 1950 to 1980) and eventually became a skiing and biathlon coach.

## Cross-country skiing results

All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).

### Olympic Games

* 1 medal – (1 silver)
| Year | Age | 15 km | 18 km | 30 km | 50 km | 4 × 10 km  relay |
| 1952 | 29 | — | 6 | — | — | Silver |
| 1956 | 33 | 6 | — | 15 | DSQ | 4 |

### World Championships

* 1 medal – (1 bronze)
| Year | Age | 15 km | 18 km | 30 km | 50 km | 4 × 10 km  relay |
| 1950 | 27 | — | 17 | — | 17 | Bronze |
| 1954 | 31 | 13 | — | 11 | 11 | 4 |
| 1958 | 35 | — | — | 21 | 21 | 4 |
# Second Battle of Edea

The Second Battle of Edea was the German counter-attack against French forces stationed in the village of Edea during the Kamerun campaign of the First World War. Allied forces from Duala occupied the town following the First Battle of Edea in October 1914. The Germans, eager to retake the position attacked on 5 January 1915 but were repulsed by the French force.

## Background

The village of Edea was positioned on the Sanaga River, to the southeast of the major port city of Duala. A large portion of the German Duala garrison had withdrawn to this position following the Allied naval bombardment of the city. Following the Allied assaults on the Yapoma Bridge and Edea at the First Battle of Edea, the German force withdrew to the city of Jaunde further to the east along the southern railway line. This allowed Allied forces to occupy Edea unopposed on 26 October 1914. After the fall of Edea, the only remaining German force that could threaten General Dobell's hold on Duala was at the fort in Dschang to the north. On 2 January 1915 a British force under Colonel Edmund Georges captured the fort after a short bombardment.

## Battle
### Attack on Kopongo

The loss of Dschang prompted a German counter-attack in an attempt to retake Duala. On 3 January, telegraph cables between Duala and Edea were cut by German forces to impede communications between Allied units. The French Senegalese force of Colonel Mayer that had taken the Japoma bridge had constructed a ring of defenses around their forward position at Kopongo, approximately 20 miles further inland from Edea. On 5 January, a German column of 150 attacked the French positions at Kopongo but were pushed back suffering significant casualties.

### Attack on Edea

The German assault on Edea was conducted simultaneously to that on Kopongo. The French troops defending Edea had constructed a number of entrenchments and fortifications surrounding the town in preparation for the German attack. A force of around 1, 000 German troops assaulted Colonel Mayer's positions on 5 January. A number of infantry assaults against the French positions were carried out but each failed. After suffering up to 111 killed and a similar number wounded the German force withdrew back to Jaunde. Mayer's force reportedly suffered 4 killed and 11 wounded.

## Aftermath

The result of the Second Battle of Edea was the successful Allied defense of the region surrounding Duala. It consolidated Allied control in the region and allowed for further pushes to the east towards the German base at Jaunde. However, Dobell requested more reinforcements before he could make an assault on Jaunde because he felt that his force was spread too thin. Following their defeat, German forces launched an attack on British positions at Nkongsamba which failed. The German attempt to contain Dobell's forces was defeated forcing Zimmerman, the German commandant in Kamerun, to once again go on the defensive.
# Fen Causeway, Cambridge

Fen Causeway is a link road in the city of Cambridge, United Kingdom, constructed in the mid-1920s to ease the pressure on Silver Street. It forms part of the A1134 ring road. It links Newnham Road and Trumpington Road and spans the River Cam with Sheep's Green to the south and Coe Fen to the north. There is little residential development on this road.
As indicated by the road's name, prior to its construction this was a predominantly wild fen area, crossed only by Coe Fen Lane, the predecessor to the current road.
# Jian-Min Yuan (epidemiologist)

Jian-Min Yuan is an epidemiologist and cancer researcher.
Yuan earned a medical degree and completed a master's degree in public health specializing in epidemiology at Shanghai Medical University in 1983 and 1986, respectively, then served as a research fellow at the Shanghai Cancer Institute and also taught as an assistant professor there before pursuing doctoral studies in epidemiology at the University of Southern California, which he completed in 1996. Yuan was a postdoctoral researcher at the Keck School of Medicine until 1999. He remained at USC in an assistant professorship until 2005, when he joined the University of Minnesota faculty as an associate professor. Yuan was appointed a full professor in 2010. He joined the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute as associate director and Co-Leader of the Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Program in 2011. Yuan started teaching at the University of Pittsburgh as a visiting professor, was offered tenure in 2012, and became the Arnold Palmer Endowed Chair in Cancer Prevention in 2013.
# Sidney A. Fitzwater

Sidney Allen Fitzwater (born September 22, 1953) is a senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas in Dallas, Texas.

## Education and career

Born in Olney, Maryland, Fitzwater earned his Bachelor of Arts degree from Baylor University, and his Juris Doctor from Baylor Law School in 1976, where he was Associate Editor of the Baylor Law Review. Fitzwater worked in private legal practice in Houston, Texas from 1976 until 1978 and in private legal practice in Dallas, Texas from 1978 until 1982. He later served as a state district judge on the 298th Judicial District in Dallas from 1982 to 1986.

### Federal judicial service

On January 29, 1986, Fitzwater was nominated by President Ronald Reagan to a seat on the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas vacated by Judge Robert Madden Hill. Fitzwater's nomination sparked controversy in part because of allegations raised at his confirmation hearing about alleged voter intimidation in African-American neighborhoods in south Dallas during the unsuccessful 1982 re-election campaign of Texas Governor Bill Clements.
He addressed the allegations at his confirmation hearing by apologizing and by asserting that he was not aware that he was asked to place signs—reading "You Can Be Imprisoned" and giving vague descriptions of campaign violations—only in black neighborhoods in south Dallas. Fitzwater testified that he thought he was participating in an anti-vote-fraud effort, and he noted that he later was dropped from a federal lawsuit by minority groups. Fitzwater also noted that the lawsuit later was dismissed. At his second hearing in February 1986, Fitzwater told the United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary that he would not participate in such signposting again. "I had no personal intent, nor was I attempting to intimidate minority voters", Fitzwater told Senator Biden (D-DE).
Despite this controversy, the Senate Judiciary Committee voted 10–5 on February 27, 1986, to refer Fitzwater's nomination to the full Senate. The United States Senate confirmed Fitzwater by a 52–42 vote on March 18, 1986. He received his commission on March 19, 1986. At age 32, he was one of the youngest lawyers ever appointed to the federal bench. He served as Chief Judge from 2007 to 2014. He assumed senior status on September 22, 2018.

### Expired nomination to federal court of appeals

On January 24, 1992, President George H. W. Bush nominated Fitzwater to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit. However, with the Senate Judiciary Committee controlled by Democrats, Fitzwater's nomination languished, and he never received a hearing before Bush's presidency ended. President Bill Clinton chose not to renominate Fitzwater to the Fifth Circuit, nominating Fortunato Benavides instead.

### Notable cases

Fitzwater presided over the SEC's civil suit against Mark Cuban for insider trading. Fitzwater granted Cuban's motion to dismiss but the ruling was reversed by the Fifth Circuit.
# Slaughtered

Slaughtered (working title Schooner of Blood) is an Australian slasher film directed by Kate Glover, and produced by Sue Brown. The film stars Steven O’Donnell and James Kerley.

## Premise

The story tells of a bloody masked killer who stalks victims in an isolated country pub.

## Cast

* Chloe Boreham
* Cassandra Swaby
* Michael Lewis
* Chris Tomkinson
* Steven O’Donnell
* James Kerley
* Erica Baron as Kirsty

## Production

The shooting began in February 2007 and was the directorial debut for Kate Glover. Makeup effects were created by FX make-up artist Aline Joyce.

## Release

Slaughtered was featured at the United Kingdom festival Film4 Fright and in 2009 at Grimmfest.
# Willy Wise

William Bernard "Willy" Wise (born January 29, 1967) is a retired American professional boxer from Onancock, Virginia. Wise has an IBO world title, but is best known for his 1999 upset of Julio Cesar Chavez. Wise was partially reared in Westbury, New York, from where he quickly rose to the top of the international amateur ranks and subsequently launched his professional career.

## Amateur career

Wise was an amateur standout, capturing various amateur titles, including:
1983 Virginia State Golden Gloves Champion Hampton Roads 1987 New York State Golden Gloves Champion 1987 Mayor's Cup in Washington, DC
1987 Empire State Champion New York
Wise ended his amateur career with an 87–10 record.

## Professional career

Shortly after entering the ranks of professional fighting, "Slick Willy" was given to him by his New York fans as a tribute to his ability to fight his way off of the ropes. One of the high points of his career was the October 1999 win over then number five ranked Julio César Chávez. It was "Upset of the Year" He later lost to him in a 2003 Tijuana re-match.
In the year 2000, he took IBO World Champion Belt which was one of the final highlights of his boxing career, and also fought Shane Mosley with a loss in the third round. His boxing career ended in 2003 with a 26-11-4 professional record.
2001 IBO World Champion London

## Post Retirement Endeavors

Today Wise trains and promotes other fighters at his training facility, allowing troubled youth and aspiring boxers to attend his residential training camp to teach them the lessons of boxing and discipline for life in and outside the ring. He also works closely with young people in the local community near his home, using his own resources to take them to boxing competitions around the country. He currently resides on the Eastern Shore of Virginia where he enjoys his favorite pastime of fishing for crabs off of the pier of his beachfront backyard and cooking them for sport.

## Injury in Car Accident

In October 2014, Wise was seriously injured in a single car accident when he crashed his Maserati on a road near his home in Harborton, Virginia. He was airlifted by helicopter to Sentara Norfolk General Hospital in Norfolk, VA with several broken vertebrae in his neck and back and traumatic brain injury. He was released from the hospital eight days later to begin physical therapy. A statement was released on social media stating that he hoped to return to the Wise Choice Boxing Fitness and Training Center in 2015.

## Release of DVD/Launch of Fitness Brand

In July 2015, Wise announced that he would be releasing his first boxing fitness DVD, entitled W3P: Willy Wise Workout: 3 Degrees of Power. The DVD release marked the launch of Wise's W3P Fitness brand, which includes apparel, water among other products.
Titles in pretence :
| VacantTitle last held byPeter Malinga | World Welterweight Champion IBO recognition December 2, 2000 - June 11, 2001 | Succeeded byJawaid Khaliq |
| Awards |||
| Previous: Ivan Robinson W10 Arturo Gatti I | The Ring Magazine Upset of the Year W10 Julio César Chávez 1999 | Next: José Luis Castillo W12 Stevie Johnston |
# Kostelec nad Vltavou

Kostelec nad Vltavou is a municipality and village in Písek District in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants.
Kostelec nad Vltavou lies approximately 23 kilometres (14 mi) north of Písek, 62 km (39 mi) north of České Budějovice, and 67 km (42 mi) south of Prague.

## Administrative division

Kostelec nad Vltavou consists of five municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
* Kostelec nad Vltavou (208)
* Přílepov (55)
* Sobědraž (77)
* Zahrádka (49)
# Rosli Liman

Rosli bin Haji Liman (born 12 May 1969) is a retired Brunei international footballer who played for the Brunei M-League representative team as a midfielder.

## Club career

Having appeared for the Wasps since 1988, Rosli was one of the mainstays of the Brunei M-League team in the nineties along with the two keepers Yunos and Ibrahim Abu Bakar, centre-back Liew Chuan Fue and Rosanan Samak. He was the engine of the team and his late runs from midfield contributed goals to a modestly-performing Brunei side that was often faced with adversity. This was outlined in FIFA 192: The True Story Behind the Legend of Brunei Darussalam National Football Team, a book by British author Stanley Park. At club level, he was on Indera SC's books.
On 4 December 1999, Rosli scored twice in the final of the Malaysia Cup, winning Brunei's first silverware in 20 years since joining the Malaysian leagues. His brace was notable not only for its significance to Bruneian football but that he had not scored all season and the winner came as Sarawak's equalising goal by Ramles Sari was still being announced.
Rosli played for one more season with a depleted Brunei side that was relegated to Premier Two, but was forced to retire at 30 years of age due to a recurring knee problem.

## International career

Rosli played in all four group matches at the 1999 SEA Games held in his country Brunei. His last appearances for the Brunei national team came at the 2000 AFC Asian Cup qualifying round.

## Honours
### Brunei

* Malaysia Cup: 1999
Individual
* Meritorius Service Medal (PJK; 13 December 1999)
# Jacob Crouse Inn

The Jacob Crouse Inn is a historic inn located at Guilderland in Albany County, New York. The original building was built about 1833 and is a rectangular structure with a gable roof. Around 1870 it was enlarged with the addition of a central gable wing and one story porch. It features a large square cupola at the intersection of the gable roofs.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.
# Desna (river)

The Desna (Russian: Десна; Ukrainian: Десна) is a river in Russia and Ukraine, a major left-tributary of the Dnieper. Its name means "right hand" in the Old East Slavic language. It has a length of 1,130 km (702 mi), and its drainage basin covers 88,900 km$^2$ (34,324 sq mi).
In Ukraine, the river's width ranges from 60 to 250 metres (200 to 820 ft), with its average depth being 3 m (10 ft). The mean annual discharge at its mouth is 360 m$^3$/s (13,000 cu ft/s). The river freezes over from early December to early April, and is navigable from Novhorod-Siverskyi to its mouth, a length of about 535 km (332 mi).
The water level of the river reached its lowest recorded point in 140 years in June 2020. This water level was 5 m (16 ft) below normal for that time of year.

## Geography
### Course

The Desna originates in the Smolensk Heights of Smolensk Oblast, Russia. The river's source lies in Yelninsky District, east-southeast from the city of Smolensk and not far from Yelnya in a forest near the village of Naleti. The Desna then flows south through a low and swampy valley toward the city of Bryansk, where the river's right bank rises.
After its confluence with the Seym near the Russian-Ukrainian border, the river then widens, splitting into numerous smaller branches. Its right bank declines again near the city of Chernihiv, and again near one of its tributaries, the Oster, where the Desna continues its course through a low, muddy plain until it finally reaches its mouth near Kyiv at the Dnieper River.

### Tributaries

The Desna has many tributaries. The most significant (length more than 100 km) are, from source to mouth:
* Vetma (left)
* Bolva (left)
* Navlya (left)
* Nerussa (left)
* Sudost (right)
* Ubid (right)
* Seym (left)
* Snov (right)
* Oster (left)

### Cities and towns on the Desna

* Yelnya, Russia
* Desnogorsk, Russia
* Zhukovka, Russia
* Seltso, Russia
* Bryansk, Russia
* Trubchevsk, Russia
* Novhorod-Siverskyi, Ukraine
* Chernihiv, Ukraine
* Oster, Ukraine
* Kyiv, Ukraine
* Snov'yanka, Ukraine
The Svensky Monastery is located at the confluence of the Desna and the Sven River.
# Lawrence J. Vilardo

Lawrence Joseph Vilardo (born June 6, 1955) is a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of New York.

## Biography

Vilardo was born on June 6, 1955, in Buffalo, New York. He graduated from Canisius High School where he formed lasting friendships and then received a Bachelor of Arts summa cum laude, in 1977 from Canisius College. He received a Juris Doctor magna cum laude, in 1980 from Harvard Law School. He served as a law clerk to Judge Irving Loeb Goldberg of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, from 1980 to 1981. From 1981 to 1986, he was an associate at the law firm of Damon Morey LLP in their Buffalo office. From 1986 to 2015, he was a founding partner of the law firm of Connors & Vilardo, LLP., in Buffalo, where he conducted a wide range of civil and criminal litigation in State and Federal courts at the trial and appellate levels.

### Federal judicial service

On February 4, 2015, President Barack Obama, on the recommendation of Senator Chuck Schumer, nominated Vilardo to serve as a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of New York, to the seat vacated by Judge Richard Arcara, who assumed senior status on January 3, 2015. He received a hearing before the United States Senate Judiciary Committee on May 6, 2015. On June 4, 2015, his nomination was reported out of committee by a voice vote. On October 26, 2015, the United States Senate confirmed his nomination by a 88–0 vote. He received his judicial commission on October 29, 2015.
# Favila of Asturias

Favila or Fafila (died 739) was the second King of Asturias from 737 until his death. He was the only son and successor of Pelagius, the first Asturian monarch.
In 737 he founded the Church of Santa Cruz, in his capital of Cangas de Onís, but aside from this, nothing else about his reign is known.
Favila was killed by a bear while on a hunt in 739. As a result, Asturian chroniclers were critical of him for his excessive levity. However, royal hunts were not just for entertainment, they helped foster political unity within the court.
Favila was buried with his wife Froiluba in the Church of Santa Cruz de Cangas de Onís.
He was succeeded by his brother-in-law Alfonso, husband of his sister Ermesinda.
# Three-body force

A three-body force is a force that does not exist in a system of two objects but appears in a three-body system. In general, if the behaviour of a system of more than two objects cannot be described by the two-body interactions between all possible pairs, as a first approximation, the deviation is mainly due to a three-body force.
The fundamental strong interaction does exhibit such behaviour, the most important example being the stability experimentally observed for the helium-3 isotope, which can be described as a 3-body quantum cluster entity of two protons and one neutron [PNP] in stable superposition. Direct evidence of a 3-body force in helium-3 is known: . The existence of stable [PNP] cluster calls into question models of the atomic nucleus that restrict nucleon interactions within shells to 2-body phenomenon. The three-nucleon-interaction is fundamentally possible because gluons, the mediators of the strong interaction, can couple to themselves. In particle physics, the interactions between the three quarks that compose hadrons can be described in a diquark model which might be equivalent to the hypothesis of a three-body force. There is growing evidence in the field of nuclear physics that three-body forces exist among the nucleons inside atomic nuclei for many different isotopes (three-nucleon force).
# Dobe

Dobe may refer to:
* Dobê, a village in the Tibet Autonomous Region of China
* Dobe, Slovenia, a settlement in the Municipality of Kostanjevica na Krki in Slovenia