# Třinec

Třinec (Czech: ; Polish: Trzyniec ; German: Trzynietz) is a city in Frýdek-Místek District in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 34,000 inhabitants and is the least populated statutory city in the country.
The city is an important cultural centre of the Polish minority in Trans-Olza, which makes up 12.1% of the population (as of 2021).
Třinec is notable for the Třinec Iron and Steel Works steel plant, the largest in the country, which still has a major impact on the city, its character, demographics, and air quality.

## Administrative division

Třinec consists of 13 municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
* Dolní Líštná (3,597)
* Guty (836)
* Horní Líštná (400)
* Kanada (1,044)
* Karpentná (787)
* Kojkovice (342)
* Konská (1,635)
* Lyžbice (14,467)
* Nebory (1,848)
* Oldřichovice (3,118)
* Osůvky (446)
* Staré Město (4,797)
* Tyra (465)

## Etymology

The name Třinec is of topographic origin, derived from the Slavic word for reed (Polish: trzcina, Czech: třtina).

## Geography

Třinec is located about 22 kilometres (14 mi) east of Frýdek-Místek and 30 km (19 mi) southeast of Ostrava. It lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia, on the border with Poland and also near the border with Slovakia, which is about 20 km (12 mi) of the city centre.
Třinec lies on the Olza River. The Tyra Stream flows across the municipal territory and joins the Olza in the city centre. The elevation of the built-up area is approximately 300 m (980 ft) above sea level. The northern part of the municipal territory is located in the Moravian-Silesian Foothills. The southern, sparsely populated part is located in the Moravian-Silesian Beskids mountain range, which also belongs to the Beskydy Protected Landscape Area. The municipal border runs along the peaks of several mountains, including Ostrý (with an elevation of 1,044 metres (3,425 ft) the highest point in Třinec), Smrčina at 1,015 m (3,330 ft), Šindelná at 1,000 m (3,300 ft), and Javorový at 1,032 m (3,386 ft).

### Climate

Třinec has a humid continental climate (Cfb in the Köppen climate classification).
Climate data for Třinec :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −0.1 (31.8) | 1.6 (34.9) | 6.5 (43.7) | 12.9 (55.2) | 17.2 (63.0) | 20.3 (68.5) | 22.1 (71.8) | 22.2 (72.0) | 17.4 (63.3) | 12.4 (54.3) | 7.2 (45.0) | 1.7 (35.1) | 11.8 (53.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −2.8 (27.0) | −1.6 (29.1) | 2.4 (36.3) | 8.2 (46.8) | 12.9 (55.2) | 16.4 (61.5) | 18.2 (64.8) | 17.9 (64.2) | 13.4 (56.1) | 8.8 (47.8) | 4.4 (39.9) | −0.7 (30.7) | 8.1 (46.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −5.9 (21.4) | −5.1 (22.8) | −1.8 (28.8) | 2.9 (37.2) | 7.9 (46.2) | 11.6 (52.9) | 13.6 (56.5) | 13.2 (55.8) | 9.3 (48.7) | 5.4 (41.7) | 1.6 (34.9) | −3.2 (26.2) | 4.1 (39.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 70 (2.8) | 65 (2.6) | 75 (3.0) | 76 (3.0) | 115 (4.5) | 119 (4.7) | 139 (5.5) | 102 (4.0) | 101 (4.0) | 72 (2.8) | 71 (2.8) | 69 (2.7) | 1,074 (42.4) |
| Source: https://en.climate-data.org/europe/czech-republic/trinec/trinec-44574/ ||||||||||||||

## History

The first written mention of Třinec is from 1444, but the village was probably founded already in the second half of the 14th century. Politically, the village then belonged to the Duchy of Teschen, a fee of the Kingdom of Bohemia, which after 1526 became part of the Habsburg monarchy. In 1770, the village had about 200 inhabitants and was completely agricultural.
The area was rich in iron ore deposits and had sufficient water energy and a high supply of wood, which were the main reasons to establish an iron works there. The iron mill began operation in 1839, becoming the largest in the entire Cieszyn Silesia, and became a major milestone in the history of the village, which reoriented itself to industry. After the construction of the Košice–Bohumín Railway line in 1871, rapid development of the town took place.
After the revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire, a modern municipal division was introduced in the re-established Austrian Silesia. The village as a municipality was added to the political and legal district of Cieszyn. According to censuses conducted in 1880–1910, the population of the municipality grew from 1,792 in 1880 to 3,849 in 1910, with a majority being native Polish speakers (growing from 51.4% in 1880 to 96.6% in 1900 and 96% in 1910), accompanied by a German-speaking minority (at most 32.5% in 1880, then dropping to 12.2% in 1900, and up to 24.3% in 1910) and Czech speakers (peaking in 1890 at 17.4%, then dropping to 6.7% in 1910). In terms of religion, in 1910 the majority were Roman Catholics (63.2%), followed by Protestants (34.5%), and Jews (1.9%). The village was also traditionally inhabited by Cieszyn Vlachs, speaking the Cieszyn Silesian dialect.
After World War I, the fall of Austria-Hungary, the Polish–Czechoslovak War, and the division of Cieszyn Silesia in 1920, it became a part of Czechoslovakia. In 1931, Třinec was promoted to a town.
Following the Munich Agreement in October 1938, together with the Trans-Olza region, it was annexed by Poland, administratively adjoined to Cieszyn County of the Silesian Voivodeship. It was then annexed by Nazi Germany at the beginning of World War II. After the war, it was restored to Czechoslovakia.
In 1946, the villages of Lyžbice, Dolní Líštná, and Konská were joined to Třinec. In 1956–1977, a large housing estate was built in Lyžbice, and it became the most populated town part of Třinec. Afterwards, Lyžbice became a new downtown, taking the place of Staré Město (lit. "old town").
The municipalities of Guty, Karpentná, Nebory, Oldřichovice, Ropice, Tyra, and Vendryně were joined to Třinec in 1980. However, Vendryně became an independent municipality in 1995 and Ropice followed in 2000. In 2018, Třinec became a statutory city.

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1869 | 7,484 | — |
| 1880 | 9,811 | +31.1% |
| 1890 | 11,201 | +14.2% |
| 1900 | 13,181 | +17.7% |
| 1910 | 14,187 | +7.6% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1921 | 16,112 | +13.6% |
| 1930 | 19,466 | +20.8% |
| 1950 | 21,610 | +11.0% |
| 1961 | 27,660 | +28.0% |
| 1970 | 36,154 | +30.7% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1980 | 39,750 | +9.9% |
| 1991 | 40,309 | +1.4% |
| 2001 | 38,953 | −3.4% |
| 2011 | 36,263 | −6.9% |
| 2021 | 33,782 | −6.8% |
Source: Censuses :

## Economy

The Třinec Iron and Steel Works company is one of the largest employers in the Czech Republic. Including smaller production plants outside Třinec, the company employs 7,000 people (as of 2021).

## Culture

The year's biggest event is the Hutnický den ("Metallurgy Day"), which features numerous live performances from bands and artists from all over the country and abroad. It takes place every year in May, but was not held in 2020 and 2021.
From 1993 to 2012, one of the oldest and most famous rock festivals in the Czech Republic, Noc plná hvězd ("star-studded night"), was held here every year.

## Sport

The city is represented by the successful ice hockey team HC Oceláři Třinec, which has been playing in the Czech Extraliga since 1995 and has won four times. Oceláři (Steelers) play their home games at Werk Arena, which opened in 2014 and has a seating capacity of 5,400. The arena also hosted the Team Czech Republic at the 2016 Davis Cup World Group.
The city's football team, FK Třinec, plays in the Moravian-Silesian Football League (third tier of the Czech football system).
The floorball club FBC Třinec has been playing in the first tier of the women's competition since 2023 and in the third tier of the men's competition. The team plays its home games in the Sports Hall STARS Třinec.
Třinec also has an athletics club, founded in 1951. Sports that have a tradition in Třinec include orienteering, weightlifting, Greco-Roman wrestling, road cycling, and chess.

## Sights

Třinec is poor in monuments. The main historic landmark is the Church of Saint Albert, built in the 1880s.
A notable building is the wooden Church of Corpus Cristi in Guty. The original church from the 16th century was destroyed by a deliberate fire in 2017. In 2021, a replica was completed on its site.
In 1969, Třinec Iron and Steel Works opened a company museum, which has been jointly operated with the city as the museum of both the company and the city since 1992.

## Notable people

* Jan Kubisz (1848–1920), Polish educator and poet
* Józef Buzek (1873–1936), Polish statistician and politician
* Jan Buzek (1874–1940), Polish physician and politician
* Paweł Kubisz (1907–1968), Polish poet and writer
* Adam Wawrosz (1913–1971), Polish poet and writer
* Tadeusz Kraus (1932–2018), footballer
* Stanisław Zahradnik (born 1932), historian
* Eduard Ovčáček (born 1933), artist
* Karol Daniel Kadłubiec (born 1937), Polish ethnographer
* Michaela Dolinová (born 1964), actress and TV presenter
* Petr Šiška (born 1965), TV presenter and musician
* Petr Pravec (born 1967), astronomer
* Roman Sikora (born 1970), playwright
* Jana Cieslarová (born 1971), orienteer
* Edvard Lasota (born 1971), footballer
* Vojtěch Kučera (born 1975), poet
* Czeslaw Walek (born 1975), lawyer and LGBT activist
* Martin Staszko (born 1976), professional poker player
* Lenka Cenková (born 1977), tennis player
* David Szurman (born 1981), ice dancer
* Lukáš Rakowski (born 1982), figure skater
* Václav Svěrkoš (born 1983), footballer
* Tomáš Klus (born 1986), musician
* Soňa Pertlová (1988–2011), chess player
* Ewa Farna (born 1993), Polish-Czech singer
* Krystyna Pyszková (born 1999), model, Miss World 2023
* Adam Gawlas (born 2002), darts player
* Lake Malawi (formed 2013), indie pop band

## Twin towns – sister cities

Třinec is twinned with:
* Bielsko-Biała, Poland
* Žilina, Slovakia