OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mercia MacDermott

Mercia MacDermott (née Adshead; Bulgarian: Мерсия Макдермот; 7 April 1927 – 28 March 2023) was an English writer and historian. She was known for her books on Bulgarian history.

## Early life

Mercia was born on 7 April 1927 in Plymouth, Devon, United Kingdom. Her father was Geoffrey Palmer Adshead, a Royal Navy surgeon captain, and her mother was Olive May (née Orme) Adshead, a teacher. Due to her father's work in the navy, she spent some of her early years in Weihai, China, where Mercia learned Mandarin Chinese. She grew up in Ditchling and later was educated at Westonbirt School, Gloucestershire and St Anne's College, Oxford University where she read Russian Literature. In the summer of 1947, while participating in a youth brigade in Yugoslavia with other English students, she first met with Bulgarians, among whom was the poet Pavel Matev.
In 1948, she graduated with an MA degree from Oxford and visited Bulgaria to participate in the international youth brigade building the Koprinka Reservoir. As a foreign udarnik, Mercia was invited along with other international participants to meet Georgi Dimitrov in the Euxinograd palace on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast. While working at the Koprinka reservoir, Mercia met her future husband James MacDermott. Returning to the United Kingdom in 1948, MacDermott enrolled in a Bulgarian language course at the University of London's School of Slavonic and East European Studies.

## Career

Mercia MacDermott visited and lived in Bulgaria from 1957 to 1989. From 1963 to 1964 and from 1973 to 1979 she was a teacher at the English Language High School in Sofia. MacDermott subsequently lectured on the Bulgarian national liberation movement in the region of Macedonia at Sofia University's Faculty of History. She was elected a foreign member of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences in 1987. In 2007, Sofia University awarded her an Honorary Doctorate.
MacDermott's activity is described by Waller, Diane in Allcock, John B.; Young, Antonia, eds. (2000). "Mercia MacDermott: A Woman of the Frontier". Black Lambs and Grey Falcons (2nd ed.). Oxford: Berghahn Books. pp. 166–186 – via Internet Archive.

## Positions and awards

From 1958 to 1973, Mercia MacDermott was the chairwoman of the London-based British–Bulgarian Friendship Society. An honorary citizen of Karlovo and Blagoevgrad, she was also the bearer of a number of Bulgarian state decorations.

## Personal life and death

The MacDermotts divorced in 1964. Their daughter Alexandra (born 1952) has been a professor in physical chemistry at the University of Houston-Clear Lake in Texas. Her brother, Samuel Adrian Miles Adshead (1932–2009), was a distinguished sinologist and former professor of history at the University of Canterbury in New Zealand.
MacDermott died on 28 March 2023, at the age of 95.
# James E. Barrett

James Emmett Barrett (April 8, 1922 – November 7, 2011) was a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit.

## Education and career

Barrett was born in Lusk, Wyoming to Frank A. Barrett and Alice Catherine Donoghue Barrett. He graduated from Niobrara County High School in Lusk in 1940. As a teenager he wrote for the "Lusk Herald" and The Denver Post. He served in the United States Army during World War II from 1942 to 1945, where he participated in the Invasion of Normandy. He was assigned to the Headquarters Detachment of the 1st Army and 3rd Army and achieved the rank of corporal. After the war, he attended Catholic University of America in Washington, DC for six months. He entered law school in the fall of 1946, he went to University of Wyoming College of Law and received a Bachelor of Laws in 1949.
He was in private practice in Lusk from 1949 to 1967, serving as a prosecuting attorney in Lusk from 1951 to 1962, and as a town attorney from 1954 to 1956. He was secretary-treasurer of Niobrara County Republican Central Committee from 1950 to 1966, and the attorney for the Niobrara Consolidated School District from 1952 to 1962. He became the Wyoming Attorney General from 1967 to 1971.

## Federal judicial service

On March 25, 1971, Barrett was nominated by President Richard Nixon to a seat on the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit vacated by Judge Joe Hickey. Barrett was confirmed by the United States Senate on April 21, 1971, and received his commission on April 23, 1971. He served as a Judge of the United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review from May 19, 1979, to May 18, 1984. Barrett had a reputation as a staunch conservative and dissented when the Court found that an Oklahoma law banning teachers from publicly supporting gay rights was unconstitutional. Barret called homosexual conduct “unnatural and detestable” and said that advocacy of it was less deserving of Constitutional protection than “advocacy of violence, sabotage, and terrorism.” He assumed senior status on April 8, 1987, serving in that status until his death.

## Family life

Barrett's father, Frank A. Barrett, was a member of the United States House of Representatives, United States Senate, and the 21st Governor of Wyoming. Barrett was married to Carmel Ann Martinez Barrett and they had three children.

## Death

Barrett died on November 7, 2011, in Cheyenne, Wyoming. He is interred at Lusk Cemetery in Lusk, Wyoming.
# Chester High School (Chester, Illinois)

Chester High School is a public high school in Chester, Illinois, United States.

## Athletics

* Football - boys (freshman, junior varsity, varsity)
* Volleyball - girls (freshman, junior varsity, varsity)
* Cross country - boys and girls (varsity)
* Golf - boys and girls (varsity)
* Cheerleading - boys and girls (varsity)
* Trapshooting - boys and girls (varsity)
* Baseball - boys (junior varsity, varsity)
* Softball - girls (varsity)
* Track - boys and girls (varsity)
* Basketball - girls (junior varsity, varsity) boys (freshman, junior varsity, varsity)
* Dance - Coed (varsity)
# SM UC-43

SM UC-43 was a German Type UC II minelaying submarine or U-boat in the German Imperial Navy (German: Kaiserliche Marine) during World War I. The U-boat was ordered on 20 November 1915 and was launched on 5 October 1916. She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 25 October 1916 as SM UC-43. In two patrols UC-43 was credited with sinking 13 ships, either by torpedo or by mines laid. UC-43 was torpedoed and sunk by HMS G13 north of Muckle Flugga on 10 March 1917.

## Design

A Type UC II submarine, UC-43 had a displacement of 400 tonnes (390 long tons) when at the surface and 480 tonnes (470 long tons) while submerged. She had a length overall of 49.45 m (162 ft 3 in), a beam of 5.22 m (17 ft 2 in), and a draught of 3.68 m (12 ft 1 in). The submarine was powered by two six-cylinder four-stroke diesel engines each producing 260 metric horsepower (190 kW; 260 shp) (a total of 520 metric horsepower (380 kW; 510 shp)), two electric motors producing 460 metric horsepower (340 kW; 450 shp), and two propeller shafts. She had a dive time of 48 seconds and was capable of operating at a depth of 50 metres (160 ft).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 11.7 knots (21.7 km/h; 13.5 mph) and a submerged speed of 6.7 knots (12.4 km/h; 7.7 mph). When submerged, she could operate for 60 nautical miles (110 km; 69 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 9,410 nautical miles (17,430 km; 10,830 mi) at 7 knots (13 km/h; 8.1 mph). UC-43 was fitted with six 100 centimetres (39 in) mine tubes, eighteen UC 200 mines, three 50 centimetres (20 in) torpedo tubes (one on the stern and two on the bow), seven torpedoes, and one 8.8 cm (3.5 in) Uk L/30 deck gun. Her complement was twenty-six crew members.

## Summary of raiding history

| Date | Name | Nationality | Tonnage | Fate |
| 31 December 1916 | Lupus | Norway | 539 | Captured as prize |
| 12 January 1917 | Brentwood | United Kingdom | 1,192 | Sunk |
| 15 January 1917 | Brabant | Norway | 1,492 | Sunk |
| 15 January 1917 | Graafjeld | Norway | 728 | Sunk |
| 20 January 1917 | Planudes | United Kingdom | 542 | Sunk |
| 27 February 1917 | Marie Madeleine | France | 45 | Sunk |
| 1 March 1917 | Mabella | Norway | 1,637 | Sunk |
| 1 March 1917 | Storenes | Norway | 1,870 | Sunk |
| 6 March 1917 | Cornelia | United Kingdom | 903 | Sunk |
| 6 March 1917 | Sawa Maru | Japan | 2,578 | Sunk |
| 7 March 1917 | Baron Wemyss | United Kingdom | 1,605 | Sunk |
| 9 March 1917 | Laurits | Denmark | 183 | Sunk |
| 13 March 1917 | Norwegian | United Kingdom | 6,237 | Sunk |
| 22 March 1917 | Malmanger | Norway | 5,672 | Sunk |
# Christmas in the Basque Country

Christmas in the Basque Country starts with the Feast [eu] of Santo Tomas on 21 December, a celebration in which most people go out onto the streets to dance and eat talo with txistorra (a type of Basque chorizo). They wear a traditional outfit called the casera dress. For women and girls it consists of a long skirt and a long-sleeved old-fashioned shirt with headscarves and aprons. The men and boys wear a long black shirt, trousers and txapela (traditional black beret). The casera outfits are normally dark blue, but can come in many colors. They wear caseras because that is what the people of the mountains wear, and the holiday used to celebrate the peasants who sold their goods in town, and came down on Santo Tomas to pay rent to landlords in the city.

## The Santa of Basque Country

In the Basque Country the equivalent of Santa is Olentzero, and Olentzero lives or lived (depending on what you believe) in the mountains, and he wears the boys' casera. He is a mythical Basque character who is widely portrayed as a messenger who cries out that it is Christmas time throughout all the corners of the Basque Country. In some versions, the Olentzero is a farmer or a shepherd. Nevertheless, it is common in all of the tales that the Olentzero brings good news to people.
He is also known as the coal man who comes down from the mountains on his pottok (wild Basque horse) to hand out presents to children. Chestnuts and wine are given to the villagers. By tradition, on December 24, the Basque television and radio stations broadcast that the Olentzero has begun his journey from the mountains to children's homes.
In Francoist Spain (1939 - 1975), Olentzero was banned as a symbol of regional separatism. It was only after the Spanish transition to democracy that the tradition was restored to the Basque Country.

## Christmas Day

On Christmas Day all the children in the Basque Country go to sleep early and they leave their shoes in the middle of whatever room in the house that isn't the bathroom or their bedroom. Olentzero leaves all the presents beside the shoes. On New Year's Day some people put on their casera dresses and they go sing to the retired people in the retirement home. The day after in the morning, whether it is raining or snowing, it's a tradition for some people to go swim in the sea (if there is a sea in their town or city). The one other day that is important to the Basques is the 6th of January (the Day of the Three Kings). On that night the same happens. The children leave their shoes out and in the night the Three Kings come and leave presents, but much less than Olentzero does.
# Falseuncaria degreyana

Falseuncaria degreyana, the Breckland conch, is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in China (Xinjiang), Mongolia, Russia and most of Europe. The habitat consists of meadows, rural areas, waysides, heathlands, moorlands and farmland.
The wingspan is 13–15 mm.
There are two generations per year, with adults on wing in May and again from mid-June to September.
The larvae feed on the flowers of Plantago, Linaria and Antirrhinum species. The species overwinters as a cocoon.
The Falseuncaria degreyana is not to be confused with the cochylis roseana, or the cochylis flaviciliana.
# He Jiuying

He Jiuying (Chinese: 何九盈; pinyin: Hé Jiǔyíng; born 1932) was a professor at Beijing University Department of Chinese and is an expert on historical Chinese phonology. His son is He Li.

## Biography

He Jiuying was born in Anren, Hunan. He graduated from Beijing University in 1961 and then joined the faculty of Beijing University Department of Chinese.
Professor He is a leading expert on ancient Chinese language. His published books include Gu Hanyu Yinyunxue Shuyao (古汉语音韵学述要), Shanggu Yin (上古音), and Zhongguo Gudai Yuyanxue Shi (中国古代语言学史).

## Selected publications

* 1991: Historical Chinese Phonology (上古音), Commercial Press, ISBN 7-100-00072-6
* 1995: A History of Chinese Modern Linguistics, Guangdong Education Press, ISBN 7-5406-3399-9; A History of Chinese Ancient Linguistics, Guangdong Education Press, ISBN 7-5406-3400-6
* 2000: The Culture of Chinese Characters, Liaoning People's Press, ISBN 7-205-04500-2.
* 2006: Yuyan Conggao (语言丛稿), Commercial Press, ISBN 7-100-04577-0.
# Kittur Assembly constituency

Kittur Assembly constituency is one of the 224 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Karnataka in India. It is part of Belgaum district.

## Members of the Legislative Assembly

| Year | Member | Party |
| Until 1967: Seat does not exist. See Sampagaon I ||||
| 1967 | S. B. Mallappa | Indian National Congress |
| 1972 | Danappagouda Inamadar | Indian National Congress (Organisation) |
| 1978 | Parvatgouda Patil Arawalli | Janata Party |
| 1983 | Danappagouda Inamadar | Janata Party |
| 1985 | Danappagouda Inamadar | Janata Party |
| 1989 | Babagouda Patil | Karnataka Rajya Raitha Sangha |
| 1994 | Danappagouda Inamadar | Indian National Congress |
| 1999 | Danappagouda Inamadar | Indian National Congress |
| 2004 | Suresh Marihal | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2008 | Suresh Marihal | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2013 | Danappagouda Inamadar | Indian National Congress |
| 2018 | Mahantesh Doddagoudar | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2023 | Babasaheb Patil | Indian National Congress |

## Election results
### 2023

2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election: Kittur :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | INC | Babasaheb Patil | 77,536 | 49.49 | +22.36 |
| | BJP | Mahantesh Doddagoudar | 74,543 | 47.58 | −1.68 |
| | NOTA | None of the Above | 802 | 0.51 | −0.47 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 2,993 | 1.91 | −20.22 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 156,660 | 79.98 | +1.37 |
| | INC gain from BJP | INC gain from BJP | Swing | | |

### 2018

2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election: Kittur :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | BJP | Mahantesh Doddagoudar | 73,155 | 49.26 |
| | INC | D. B. Inamdar | 40,293 | 27.13 |
| | Independent | Babasaheb Patil | 25,366 | 17.08 |
| | JD(S) | Suresh Shivarudrappa Marihal | 3,755 | 2.53 |
| | NOTA | None of the Above | 1,456 | 0.98 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 32,862 | 22.13 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 1,48,512 | 78.61 |
| | BJP gain from INC | BJP gain from INC | Swing | |
# Sheath knife

A sheath knife is a fixed-bladed knife that fits into a sheath, by tradition usually of leather, now often of other material such as nylon or kevlar. The sheath is used to protect the knife and act as a carrier. Most importantly, the sheath protects the person carrying the knife (e.g. in the pocket or hanging on the belt) from potentially serious injuries that the sharp blade could easily cause if unprotected. To provide sufficient protection, sheaths made of soft materials, such as leather, often have reinforcements, inside or outside, made of metal sheet or other suitable strong materials.
The blades vary in size, shape and construction.
In Australian law, "sheath knife" has a different definition. In this case, they are a type of non-folding, fixed-blade knife which has "a sheath which withdraws into its handle", thus giving something of the effect of an "out-the-front" flick knife. These knives, like flick knives, are classed as "prohibited weapons" in Australia.
# St. Luzisteig Pass

St. Luzisteig Pass (el. 713 m.) is a mountain pass in the Alps between the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
It connects Maienfeld in Graubünden and Balzers in Liechtenstein. Near the pass is a fortification that dates from the 18th century and is still used as a caserne by the Swiss Army.
The pass road has a maximum grade of 12 percent.
# William Bradshaw (VC)

William Bradshaw VC (12 February 1830 – 9 March 1861), born in Thurles, County Tipperary, was an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for valour in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

## Details

He served during the Crimean War in the 50th Regiment of Foot transferring to the 90th Regiment of Foot.
Bradshaw was 27 years old, and an assistant surgeon in the 90th Regiment (later known as The Cameronians (Scottish Rifles)), British Army during the Indian Mutiny when the following deed took place on 26 September 1857 at Lucknow, India, for which he was awarded the VC:
   Assistant-Surgeon William Bradshaw
   Date of Act of Bravery, 26th September, 1857
   For intrepidity and good conduct when, ordered with Surgeon Home, 90th Regiment, to remove the wounded men left behind the column that forced its way into the Residency of Lucknow, on the 26th September, 1857. The dooly bearers had left the doolies, but by great exertions, and notwithstanding the close proximity of the sepoys, Surgeon Home, and Assistant-Surgeon Bradshuw. got some of the bearers together,.and Assistant-Surgeon Bradshaw with about twenty doolies, becoming separated from the rest of the party, succeeded in reaching the Residency in safety by the river bank.

## Later life

William Bradshaw died on 9 March 1861 and is buried at St Mary's Church graveyard, Thurles. Memorial is in the church. His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Army Medical Services Museum (Aldershot, Hampshire England).
# Francis Fitzpatrick (VC)

Francis Fitzpatrick VC (born in Tullycorbet, County Monaghan in 1859 – 10 July 1933) was an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

## Military career

He was about 20 years old, and a Private in the 94th Regiment of Foot (later The Connaught Rangers), British Army during the campaign against Sekukuni when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC.
On 28 November 1879 during an attack on Sekukuni's Town, South Africa, Private Fitzpatrick and another private (Thomas Flawn) with six men of the Native Contingent, were with a lieutenant of the 1st Dragoon Guards when he was badly wounded. The natives carried the wounded officer at first, but when the party was pursued by about 30 of the enemy they deserted and the lieutenant would have been killed but for the gallantry of the two privates - one carrying him and the other covering the retreat and firing on the enemy.

## Later life

Fitzpatrick died in Glasgow, Scotland, on 10 July 1933. He was buried at St Kentigern's Cemetery, Glasgow

## The medal

His Victoria Cross is displayed at the National Army Museum (Chelsea, England).
# George Forrest (VC)

George Forrest VC (c. 1800 – 3 November 1859) was born St Michael's, Dublin and was an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

## Details

Forrest was about 57 years old, and a lieutenant in the Bengal Veteran Establishment, Bengal Army during the Indian Mutiny when the following deed took place on 11 May 1857 at Delhi, India for which he was awarded the VC.
Lieutenant Forrest was one of nine men who defended the Magazine for more than five hours against large numbers of rebels, until, on the wall being scaled and there being no hope of help, they fired the Magazine. Five of the defending band died in the explosion and one shortly afterwards, but many of the enemy were killed. See also John Buckley and William Raynor. His citation in the London Gazette reads:
   For gallant conduct in the defence of the Delhi Magazine, on 11 May 1857.
Forrest later achieved the rank of captain and died at Dehra Dun, India, on 3 November 1859.
# John Danaher (VC)

John Danaher VC also known as John Danagher (25 June 1860 – 9 January 1919) was an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

## Early life

Born in Limerick, Ireland, Danaher moved to South Africa shortly after the completion of his schooling. Upon the outbreak of the First Boer War, Danaher joined the Nourse's Horse (Transvaal), South African Forces.

## Military career

He was 20 years old, and a Trooper, on an excursion from Pretoria with the Nourse's Horse (Transvaal) when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC.
On 16 January 1881 at Elandsfontein, near Pretoria, South Africa, Trooper Danaher, with a lance-corporal of the Connaught Rangers, (James Murray) advanced for 500 yards under heavy fire from a party of about 60 of the enemy, and brought out of action a private who had been severely wounded.
Danaher resigned from the Nourse's Horse in March 1881, and subsequently joined a British Army unit, the Connaught Rangers. He returned to Limerick with the Rangers in 1882, and later achieved the rank of sergeant before retiring from military service in 1908. Danaher moved to Portsmouth, becoming a publican. He was the landlord of the Dog & Duck Public House at 115 Fratton Road, Portsmouth from 1913 until his death on 9 January 1919. His wife, Mrs B. Danagher, succeeded him as Landlady and his son subsequently took over as Landlord in 1936/7.
His Victoria Cross is held by the National Army Museum (Chelsea, England).
# William Kenny (VC)

William Kenny VC (24 August 1880 – 10 January 1936) was an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

## Victoria Cross

Kenny was 34 years old, and a Drummer in the 2nd Battalion, The Gordon Highlanders, British Army during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC.
On 23 October 1914 near Ypres, Belgium, Drummer Kenny rescued wounded men on five occasions under very heavy fire. Twice previously he had saved machine-guns by carrying them out of action, and on numerous occasions he conveyed urgent messages under very dangerous circumstances over fire-swept ground.

## Other honours

In addition to the Victoria Cross, Kenny earned the rank of Drum-Major and was also awarded the following medals: Queen's South Africa Medal with bars, King's South Africa Medal with bars, 1914 Star with bar, British War Medal, Victory Medal with oak-leaf, Delhi Durbar Medal, and the Cross of St George (Russia).
On 20 March 1999 the grave of William Kenny received a new headstone in the Corps of Commissionaires plot at Brookwood Cemetery, arranged by The Gordon Highlanders London Association (Lt Col. M.H. Burge). Kenny was buried in 1936 but unfortunately the original marker was lost and until this stone was placed, Kenny was not otherwise commemorated.
His Victoria Cross and other medals are on displayed at the Gordon Highlanders Museum, Aberdeen, Scotland.