OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cratillus, son of Machatas

Cratillus, son of Machatas (Ancient Greek: Κρατίλλος του Μαχάτα Kratillos tou Machata) was a 3rd century BC gymnasiarch from the ancient city of Nikaia one of the main settlements of the Illyrian tribe of the Bylliones.

## Biography

His name is mentioned once in an inscription found in Nikaia, modern Klos, Mallakastër. The inscription dates to the 3rd century BC. In this inscription Kratyllos bears the title of the gymnasiarch named, while his father's name (Machatas) is also mention in the same sentence:
   Ancient Greek; "Πρυτανεύοντο[ς Ασπίμμα του Πραύ[λου? στραταγουντος Δαμονίκου του Νικάν[δρου, γυμνασιαρχουντ[ος Κρατίλλου του Μαχά[τα, εποιήθη"
   English: "When prytaneis was Aspima Praugu, strategos Damonik Nikandri, gymnasiarch Kratill Mahata, was built (this building)".
   Albanian: "Kur ishte prytan Aspima Praugu, strateg Damonik Nikandri, gimnasiark Kratill Mahata, u bë (kjo godinë)".
   German: "als Prytan Aspima Praugu, Stratege Damonik Nikandri und Gymnasiat Kratill Mahata waren, wurdedieses Gebäude gebaut".
A second-century inscription was found in the Oropos, central Greece, where a young man from the city of Nikaia was the first to be listed among the winners of the Amphiaraos festival. "It was also an honor for the city gymnasium, where the champion was prepared."
# Ma Htwe Lay

Ma Htwe Lay (Burmese: မထွေးလေး; pronounced; born Khin Htwe, 1867 – 1927) was a Burmese dancer in the tradition of Sin Kho Ma Lay and Yindaw Ma Lay. She is held up as an ideal in the modern Burmese anyeint industry, and is said to be the mother of Mandalay's second dramatic arts era.

## Early life

Ma Htwe Lay was born in 1867 in the village of O-toke Kone, Kyaukse, to Min Thiha, the Prince of Khasi and a grandson of Bodawpaya, and his consort Ma Ma Gyi. Although her given name was Khin Htwe, she was called Htwe Lay by Hsinbyumashin, Supayagyi and Supayalat, and that was the name she became generally known by.

## Career

She developed an interest in performing and began to learn traditional dancing at the age of 12, with her father's permission. She married Maung Maung Toke, the Prince of Yanaung, when she was 14 years old, and became a pupil of Sin Kho Ma Lay. She also studied both dancing and singing under Yindaw Ma Lay.
As she was not able to read or write, she was instructed in dictation by her mentors. She specialized in Kinnari and marionette-style dancing, and her Burmese anyeint singing was known for its tremulous musical flourishes (မေးရိုက်မေးဝဲ).
In 1886, Ma Htwe Lay married performer Phoe Kun. Her husband introduced her to Manusadda Shwedaung Saya Pu, from whom she learned more traditional dance techniques. Widowed once again a few years later, she married Eikin Mg Gyi and danced with him throughout Burma. When he died after fifteen years of marriage, she married U Kyar Nyo, who was chief of the village of Zeegan Taungbyone, Inwa.
Ma Htwe Lay's most famous role was as Pațācārī in the opera Ma Pațā and Mg Dāsa. Her performance of Patācārī descending into madness after the death of her parents, brother, husband, and children was very well known. Another popular performance was in Sudhanu Manoharī, particularly the scene of Manoharī Kinnari's return to Ngwedaung.
The transition from ground to stage performances was initiated by Ma Htwe Lay and her husband Phoe Kun. Most newcomers to anyeint in the British colonial era were her pupils, including Awba Thaung and Aung Bala. She died in 1927.

## Donations

As meritorious deeds for her husband Eikin Mg Gyi, Ma Htwe Lay donated a building to Thitseint Sayadaw and funded the construction of a pagoda in the compound of Mahākhemikārāma Thitseint monastery, at the foot of Mandalay hill.
# Yedemachindra

Yedemachindra is a village in Walwa taluka in Sangli district of Maharashtra
This village is the birth village of Kranti Singh Nana Patil and there is a memorial in the village. The village has a statue of Kranti Singh and has a high school named after him.
17°09′00″N 74°17′05″E﻿ / ﻿17.149915°N 74.284753°E﻿ / 17.149915; 74.284753
# Shaʽb Abu Nuħas

Shaab Abu Nuhas, or Shaʽb Abu Nuħas (Arabic: شعب أبو النحاس, romanized: Shaʿb Abū an-Nuḥās), is a triangular-shaped coral reef northwest of Shadwan Island in the northern Red Sea off Hurghada.
The reef is a navigation hazard because it projects into the shipping channel, as evidenced by (at least) seven shipwrecks. This includes the SS Carnatic (1896), Kimon M (1978), Olden (1987), Chrisoula K (1981) and Giannis D (1983). The reef and the wrecks are popular for scuba diving; four of the wrecks are at a depth of more than 30 metres (98 ft). The name of the reef is Arabic for "reef of father of copper", after the cargo of one of the wrecks.
# Isurus

Isurus (meaning "equal tail") is a genus of mackerel sharks in the family Lamnidae, commonly known as the mako sharks. They are largely pelagic, and are fast, predatory fish capable of swimming at speeds of up to 50 km/h (31 mph).

## Fossil history and evolution

Although fossil teeth of Isurus have been reported from as early as the Late Cretaceous, they are likely to be of a shark with a similar dentition, Cretoxyrhina; since at one point they were considered to be the same (now defunct) genus Oxyrhina, and modern referrals to Isurus in the Cretaceous are scant. The earliest appearance of Isurus proper seems to be during the Oligocene with Isurus desori.
There has been much debate and speculation about the evolutionary origin and relationships between Isurus and its closest relatives, including the extant great white shark (Carcharodon carcharias). Molecular clock analyses place the last common ancestor of Isurus and Carcharodon between 43–60 million years ago during the Late Paleocene-Early Eocene. This insight should guide efforts to better resolve the fossil ancestry of both lineages, by providing a window of time in which to search for ancestor candidates.
Many fossil species of Lamnids have historically been placed under Isurus, which are now largely considered separate genera. These include species of Carcharodon (Cosmopolitodus) like C. hastalis, C. planus, species of Macrorhizodus, Isurolamna, and others.

## Description

The two living species are the shortfin mako shark (I. oxyrinchus) and the longfin mako shark (I. paucus). They range in length from 2.5 to 4.5 m (8.2 to 14.8 ft), and have an approximate maximum weight of 680 kg (1,500 lb). They both have a distinctive blue-gray color scheme common among mackerel sharks.

## Species

The genus contains these species:
* Isurus oxyrinchus (Rafinesque, 1810) (shortfin mako shark)
* Isurus paucus (Guitart-Manday, 1966) (longfin mako shark)
* †Isurus desori (Agassiz, 1843)
* †Isurus retroflexus (Agassiz, 1843)
# Boutros Salim AbouNader

Boutros Salim AbouNader (born 20 May 1932 in Baskinta, Lebanon and died 23 January 2024) is a former Lebanese civil aviation pilot. He was one of the first four Lebanese pilots to achieve the rank of captain in any airline, and has worked for Middle East Airlines (MEA) for over 35 years.
In 1951 Boutros began work as an air traffic controller for Beirut airport, where he remained until 1955. He then moved to the America to train for his Private Pilot License (PPL), his Commercial Pilot License (CPL), his Instrument Flight (IFL) qualification and his Multi-Engine Rating (MER) qualification which he completed between 1955 and 1957. He then moved back to Lebanon to fly for MEA.
Although he only flew three flights in a Douglas DC-3 as a trainee co-pilot before becoming a first officer in 1957; this was not uncommon for the time. He continued to fly DC-3s until 1958, when he flew as a co-pilot on the Avro York and then a Vickers Viscount in 1959. He remained flying the latter as a co-pilot until 3 February 1965, when he flew his first flight as captain. This coincided with a move to the de Havilland Comet 4C.
In May 1965 Boutros flew the first aircraft onto the new asphalt runway of Dubai International Airport as part of the official opening ceremony. In 1963 he had been the co-pilot of a Vickers Viscount which accidentally landed on the uncompleted new runway of Heliopolis Airport, prior to its re-opening as Cairo International Airport.
He then went on to pilot the Convair CV-990A and Boeing 707 in 1968 and 1969 due to the destruction of 13 MEA aircraft in December 1968 as the result of an Israeli commando raid. MEA extended its fleet in 1975 to include a number of Boeing 747-200B and Boutros flew one of the first two of these aircraft from Seattle to Beirut International Airport. On 4 April 1975 he was made a Knight of the Order of the Cedar for services to national aviation.
In 1992 he had reached MEAs standard retirement age of 60, having flown for the airline since 16 December 1957. However, due to a lack of qualified check-and-training pilots, the airline extraordinarily renewed his contract for this role until 1995, whereupon they again extended his contract to enable him to remain with the airline in his current part-time advisory role.
During his time with MEA he became the assistant vice-president of operations, the vice-president of operations and services and the vice-president of special assignments. He flew for over 20,000 air hours and approximately 7,000 simulation hours.
# Morton B. Howell

Morton Boyte Howell (October 2, 1834 – January 23, 1909) was an American Masonic leader, lawyer and politician. He served as the mayor of Nashville, Tennessee, in 1875–1876.

## Early life

Morton Boyte Howell was born on October 2, 1834, in Norfolk, Virginia, to Mary A. Morton (née Toy) and Robert Boyte Crawford Howell. His father was a Baptist minister. He grew up in Nashville, Tennessee.
Howell attended Union University in Murfreesboro, and he graduated from the Richmond College in Richmond, Virginia, in 1851. He graduated from the University of Virginia School of Law in 1856 with a Bachelor of Laws. He was then admitted to the bar in Nashville.

## Career

Howell served as clerk and master of Davidson County from 1865 to 1870. He subsequently practised the law privately. One of his clients was the Phillips & Buttorff Manufacturing Company.
Howell became a Mason in 1857. He was the Grand Commander of the Knights Templar of Tennessee in 1874.
Howell served as the mayor of Nashville in 1875-1876. He served as the president of the Nashville Board of Education for 15 years. He was a trustee of the University of Nashville.

## Personal life and death

Howell married Isabella Elliott of Hampton, Virginia. She died in 1868. Howell married Elizabeth "Bette" Curd in 1870. He had 10 children. He resided at 1230 2nd Avenue in Nashville.
Howell died on January 23, 1909, in Nashville. His funeral was conducted by Collins Denny, and he was buried in Mount Olivet Cemetery.
# Maurice Palgen

Maurice Palgen (13 May 1893 – 23 February 1951) was a Luxembourgish gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. He was born in Luxembourg City. In 1912, he was a member of the Luxembourgian team, which finished fifth in the team, free system event.
# Stefan T. Vail Cooperative House

42°17′01.91″N 83°44′30.90″W﻿ / ﻿42.2838639°N 83.7419167°W﻿ / 42.2838639; -83.7419167 The Stefan T. Vail Cooperative House (or Vail House) is a housing cooperative for college students at the University of Michigan, Washtenaw Community College, and Eastern Michigan University located at 602 Lawrence Street in Ann Arbor, Michigan. A member of the Inter-Cooperative Council (ICC) in Ann Arbor, Vail house is named after Stefan Valavanis, a former ICC President who became a notable economist. It is one of only two known adobe buildings in Ann Arbor.

## History

The building proper was constructed in 1848 by the family of Thomas and Margaret Mitchell, completed in the American Greek Revival style which typifies many Ann Arbor-area homes of the period. It has been recognized by the Ann Arbor Historical Commission; one of the pillars on the front porch bears a plaque which identifies it as the Hubbell Gregory House. Gregory married the Mitchell's daughter, and his descendants lived there until 1914 when his daughter Jennie Gregory died. Afterwards it became the residence of the family of Horace Greely Prettyman, who owned the Ann Arbor Press and White Swan Laundry. They added the porte cochere at this time. The Prettyman family lived here until around 1945, after which Abbie Schaefer took it over and ran it as a rooming house called Abby House.
In 1960 it was purchased by the Inter-Cooperative Council and opened as women's cooperative housing in the fall of 1961. In 1991, it became the only all-female co-op in the ICC system, though today it is open to any gender.
In addition to being one of the oldest houses in Ann Arbor, Vail House also boasts a magnificent bur oak tree in its front yard which has been estimated to be over two hundred years old.

## Stefan T. Valavanis

Vail House was named for Stefan T. Vail (or Stephanos Valavanis), who was an ICC member and president in the mid-1950s. While at the University of Michigan, Stefan Vail helped to devise the financial structure of the ICC. After having earned his doctorate in economics, Stefan Vail was an assistant professor of economics at Harvard University from 1956 to 1958. While camping near Mount Olympus in Greece, Stefan Vail was shot and killed by an army deserter who mistook him for a pursuing officer. His death was called a "tragedy" by his senior colleague at the Harvard Economics Department, Seymour Harris, who wrote that Valavanis was "brilliant, imaginative, and a first–class scholar and teacher"; according to Seymour, Valavanis's econometrics textbook had "pedagogical strength", proceeding "more by statements of problems and examples than by the development of mathematical proofs". Soon after, the ICC Board of Directors voted to name the next house they purchased after Vail, in recognizing his contributions to the ICC and to economics. In 1979, European members of the Econometric Society contributed papers to a volume commemorating Valavanis.
# Glen Cove Hospital

Glen Cove Hospital is a hospital in Glen Cove, New York, United States, that is part of the Northwell Health system. It was founded in 1921 and moved to its current location in 1927. From 1927 to 1955, it was known as North Country Community Hospital, and at other times it had various names referencing Glen Cove.

## Early history

It was incorporated on September 6, 1921. It was initially named Glen Cove Community Hospital and operated out of a three-story brick Colonial mansion on Glen Street, which was remodeled to provide accommodations for twenty patients.
It quickly outgrew these facilities, and so its current campus on St. Andrew's Lane was purchased and a new building constructed. The building, to be named North Country Community Hospital, was three stories with space for 112 beds, with a separate nurses' home and service building. Its architect was Peabody, Wilson & Brown. The hospital was funded by subscription, with wealthy donors providing three-quarters of the $1,250,000, and the general public providing the rest. A total of 5,000 people donated towards the effort. At the cornerstone-laying ceremony in 1926, a significant number of its doctors resigned to protest wealthy donors on the new hospital's board handpicking its medical board. It opened on September 15, 1927, with its first birth occurring less than an hour after its opening.
A new wing increasing capacity to 150 opened in 1951. In 1956, construction began on a south wing to increase capacity from 180 to 250.
In 1955, the name was changed to Community Hospital at Glen Cove. The hospital had sued the new North Shore Hospital in nearby Manhasset, New York, over its name, contending that they were too similar, leading to errors in the delivery of medicines and other supplies, mail, and the writing of checks. Upon losing, it decided to change its own name to prevent confusion.
In 1971 a new four-story north wing opened, containing a new lobby and emergency room, and facilities for rehabilitation medicine, intensive care, pediatrics, radiology, social services, and admissions. A further expansion occurred in the 1980s.

## Later history

The hospital was acquired by North Shore University Hospital in 1990. North Shore University Hospital would merge with Long Island Jewish Medical Center in 1997, and the combined system would be renamed Northwell Health in 2015. During this time the hospital was known as North Shore University Hospital at Glen Cove.
In 2003, the maternity ward and obstetrics unit were closed. However, its emergency room was upgraded and in 2006 it was announced that the critical care unit would be renovated. In 2006, the campus was given the additional name The Mildred and Frank Feinberg Campus.
In 2014, the hospital's staff was reduced by about half, with its orthopedic surgery unit moving to Syosset Hospital. This led to concerns that the hospital would close or be converted to an ambulatory care center, but this did not happen. In 2019, a major renovation and expansion began of the hospital's outpatient Family Medicine Center.
# Vallhólmur

Vallhólmur, also called Hólmurinn, is a flatland area in the middle of Skagafjörður, Iceland, formed from sediment from the Héraðsvötn river—it is in fact an old seabed. The area's eastern boundary is the Héraðsvötn and Húseyjarkvísl, and its western is Vindheimamelar. Vallhólmur becomes the Eylendið plain to the north, but the name "Eylendið" sometimes encompasses both areas.
The region is flat and level except for two hills that rise up from the plain, Skiphóll and Vallholt. There are two farms with the same name, Syðra- and Ytra-Vallholt (South- and Far Vallholt), up against the back of Vallholt, and a short distance from Vallalaug spring, which is often mentioned in the Sturlunga saga and other sources from that era. Other farms in Vallhólmur are Vellir and Langamýri. A few of the farms in eastern Vallhólmur, which are now abandoned, belonged to Akrahreppur. This suggests that the Héraðsvötn previously ran further west, at least intermittently.
Vallhólmur is grassy and a grass pellet plant operated there for years, but it has since ceased operations. Vallhólmur also has what is considered an excellent racetrack.
# Ministry for the Development of the Periphery, the Negev and the Galilee

The Ministry for the Development of the Periphery, the Negev and the Galilee (Hebrew: הַמִּשְׂרָד לְפִּיתּוּחַ הַפֶּרִיפֶרְיָה, הַנֶּגֶב וְהַגָּלִיל, HaMisrad LeFitu'ah HaPeriferya, HaNegev VeHaGalil) is a ministry in the Israeli government. Established in January 2005, the current minister is Haim Katz of Likud.
In the past, there was also a Development Minister. However, this position was succeeded in the 1970s by the Energy and Infrastructure Minister, now known as the National Infrastructure Minister.

## Minister

| # | Minister | Party | Governments | Term start | Term end |
| 1 | Shimon Peres | Kadima | 31 | 10 January 2006 | 13 June 2007 |
| 2 | Yaakov Edri | Kadima | 31 | 4 July 2007 | 31 March 2009 |
| 3 | Silvan Shalom | Likud | 32, 33 | 31 March 2009 | 14 May 2015 |
| 4 | Aryeh Deri | Shas | 34, 35 | 14 May 2015 | 13 June 2021 |
| 4 | Oded Forer | Yisrael Beiteinu | 36 | 13 June 2021 | 29 December 2022 |
| 5 | Yitzhak Wasserlauf | Otzma Yehudit | 37 | 29 December 2022 | 21 January 2025 |
| 5 | Haim Katz | Likud | 37 | 23 January 2025 | |

### Deputy ministers

| # | Minister | Party | Governments | Term start | Term end |
| 1 | Ayoob Kara | Likud | 32 | 31 March 2009 | 18 March 2013 |
# Débora García

Débora García Mateo (born 17 October 1989), commonly known as Débora, is a Spanish footballer who plays as a midfielder for Primera División club Sevilla. In October 2012 she made her debut for the Spain national team at Glasgow's Hampden Park against Scotland in the 2013 European Championship's qualifying play-offs.

## Club career

Débora progressed from RCD Espanyol's youth teams and won two Copa de la Reinas and one league title with the Catalan club. In 2014, she transferred to Atlético Madrid. She won the 2016 Copa de la Reina with Atlético, then signed for Valencia the following month. She returned to Espanyol in 2019.
# Suadiye, Kadıköy

Suadiye is a neighborhood in the Kadıköy district of Istanbul, Turkey with a population of 26,428 (2023). It is known for its European-esque restaurants and cafes and location near the coast and luxurious lifestyle, is bordered by Caddebostan and Erenköy in the west, Bostancı in the east, Kozyatağı and 19 Mayıs in the north, and the Sea of Marmara in the south. As of 2024, its muhtar is the Turkish folk musician Hilal Özdemir.
Suadiye has a station on the Marmaray (B1) railway line, the Suadiye railway station.

## History

In the 1700s, the area between Bostancı and Göztepe was known for smugglers and thieves. The land was used for vineyards, gardens, and pig raising and thus was called Domuzdamı (from Turkish domuz, "pig," and dam, "shed").
In 1900, Finance Minister Ahmed Reşad Paşa built a mansion in the area on land given by the sultan. In 1907, the Suadiye Mosque was built on this land by Commissioner Said Bey of the Ottoman Public Debt Administration, in memory of his wife Suad Hanım, the daughter of Reşad Paşa. The mosque then gave its name to the area around it.
Train service had begun in the 1870s between Haydarpaşa and Pendik, but this had little effect on the neighborhood until 1910, when the Suadiye Train Station was opened. Then upper-class families began building mansions and summer houses in Suadiye. In the 1920s, beaches became popular in Istanbul, including the Suadiye shore of the Marmara, especially with the opening of the Suadiye Hotel there in 1928.
Known for being quiet, inaccessible and far from city life, many mansions and summerhouses were built in this area. A dock was opened on the shore, but later demolished when the coast was filled in. The Suadiye Mosque still stands next to the station.