OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Autofluorescence

Autofluorescence is the natural fluorescence of biological structures such as mitochondria and lysosomes, in contrast to fluorescence originating from artificially added fluorescent markers (fluorophores).
The most commonly observed autofluorescencing molecules are NADPH and flavins; the extracellular matrix can also contribute to autofluorescence because of the intrinsic properties of collagen and elastin.
Generally, proteins containing an increased amount of the amino acids tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine show some degree of autofluorescence.
Autofluorescence also occurs in non-biological materials found in many papers and textiles. Autofluorescence from U.S. paper money has been demonstrated as a means for discerning counterfeit currency from authentic currency.

## Microscopy

Autofluorescence can be problematic in fluorescence microscopy. Light-emitting stains (such as fluorescently labelled antibodies) are applied to samples to enable visualisation of specific structures.
Autofluorescence interferes with detection of specific fluorescent signals, especially when the signals of interest are very dim — it causes structures other than those of interest to become visible.
In some microscopes (mainly confocal microscopes), it is possible to make use of different lifetime of the excited states of the added fluorescent markers and the endogenous molecules to exclude most of the autofluorescence.
In a few cases, autofluorescence may actually illuminate the structures of interest, or serve as a useful diagnostic indicator.
For example, cellular autofluorescence can be used as an indicator of cytotoxicity without the need to add fluorescent markers.
The autofluorescence of human skin can be used to measure the level of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), which are present in higher quantities during several human diseases.
Optical imaging systems that utilize multispectral imaging can reduce signal degradation caused by autofluorescence while adding enhanced multiplexing capabilities.
The super resolution microscopy SPDM revealed autofluorescent cellular objects which are not detectable under conventional fluorescence imaging conditions.

## Autofluorescent molecules

    Molecule Excitation (nm) Fluorescence (nm) Peak Animals (Zoae) Fungi Plants Reference NAD(P)H 340 450 Z F P Chlorophyll 465–665 673–726 P Collagen 270–370 305–450 Z Retinol 500 Z F P Riboflavin 550 Z F P Cholecalciferol 380–460 Z Folic acid 450 Z F P Pyridoxine 400 Z F P Tyrosine 270 305 Z F P Dityrosine 325 400 Z Excimer-like aggregate (collagen) 270 360 Z Glycation adduct 370 450 Z Indolamine Z Lipofuscin 410–470 500–695 Z F P Lignin (a polyphenol) 335–488 455–535 P Tryptophan 280 300–350 Z F P Flavin 380–490 520–560 Z F P Melanin 340–400 360–560 Z F P
    Substances luminous in animal tissue are, by taxonomic inclusion, also luminous in human tissue.
# Classic Albums Live

Classic Albums Live is a concert series based in Toronto, Ontario, in which musicians perform a classic rock album in its entirety. The series was founded in 2003 by Craig Martin, a musician who had previously produced a series of boutique cabaret shows as well as composed music for television and film.
The musicians go to great lengths to faithfully recreate every sound on the original album. They have performed with orchestras, sitarists, choirs and schools. The shows are treated like recitals with the album being performed in its entirety followed by a 'greatest hits' set of the featured artist.
In recent years, the series has presented concerts in a variety of cities, including Orlando, Florida, Melbourne, Florida, Los Angeles, Philadelphia, Akron, La Mirada, Jacksonville, Gainesville, Lakeland, Coral Springs, New York, New Jersey, Dallas, Houston, Uncasville, Connecticut, Las Vegas, Nevada, and Rochester, New York. On 17 December 2006, Classic Albums Live performed the entire 213-song Beatles song catalogue in one 13-hour concert at the Phoenix Concert Theatre in Toronto.
A different line-up performs each album. There is a group of core musicians who are frequently part of the performances, including Nick Hildyard, Rob Phillips, Lindsay Clark, Leslea Keurvorst, Troy Feener, Clifton David, Dom Polito, David Love, Doug Inglis and Marty Morin. Occasionally, more famous Canadian musicians are brought in as well, including Mia Sheard, Kim Bingham, Nicholas Walsh, and ex-members of Moist. In some venues, they will bring in local musicians to fill needed spots. For example, on 16 June 2006, the group performed the Beatles' Sgt. Pepper album at the Hard Rock Live in Orlando; they brought in the Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra to fill in on the orchestral parts.
When performing in Toronto, they usually play at Massey Hall. The producer of Classic Albums Live has created a musical called Gig which will run in 2016.
List of albums performed:
* The Beatles' catalogue
* Led Zeppelin
* Led Zeppelin II
* Led Zeppelin IV
* Houses of the Holy
* Physical Graffiti
* In Through the Out Door
* Meddle
* The Dark Side of the Moon
* Animals
* Wish You Were Here
* The Wall
* A Night at the Opera
* Who's Next
* Are You Experienced
* Boston
* Crime of the Century
* Breakfast in America
* The Last Waltz
* Rust Never Sleeps
* Harvest
* The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars
* OK Computer
* Ten
* Nevermind
* Regatta de Blanc
* Outlandos d'Amour
* The Joshua Tree
* London Calling
* Band on the Run
* Texas Flood
* Let It Bleed
* Sticky Fingers
* Some Girls
* Exile on Main St.
* Appetite for Destruction
* Highway to Hell
* Back in Black
* Born to Run
* Hotel California
* Rumours
* The Doors
* L.A. Woman
* Legend
* Pearl
* Paranoid
* Van Halen
* Thriller
* Purple Rain
* Nothing's Shocking
* Woodstock
* 2112
* Saturday Night Fever
* A Very Lennon Christmas
* Elton John Greatest Hits
* Damn the Torpedoes
* Graceland
* News of the World
# 1878 Greenock by-election

The 1878 Greenock by-election was fought on 25 January 1878. The by-election was called due to the resignation of the incumbent Liberal MP, James Johnston Grieve. It was won by the Liberal candidate James Stewart.
1878 Greenock by-election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | James Stewart | 2,183 | 36.0 | N/A |
| | Conservative | James Fergusson | 2,124 | 35.0 | New |
| | Liberal | Donald Currie | 1,648 | 27.2 | N/A |
| | Independent Liberal | William Dundas Scott Moncrieff | 108 | 1.8 | New |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 59 | 1.0 | N/A |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 6,063 | 81.4 | N/A |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 7,446 | | |
| | Liberal hold | Liberal hold | Swing | N/A | |
# 1804 Massachusetts gubernatorial election

"none" is preferred when the title alone is adequate; see [[WP:SDNONE]]
The 1804 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on April 2.
Federalist Governor Caleb Strong was re-elected to a fifth consecutive one-year term in office, defeating Democratic-Republican James Sullivan.

## General election
### Results

1804 Massachusetts gubernatorial election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Federalist | Caleb Strong (incumbent) | 30,041 | 55.02% |
| | Democratic-Republican | James Sullivan | 24,368 | 44.63% |
| | Others | Scattering | 195 | 0.36% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 54,604 | 100.00% |
| | Federalist hold | Federalist hold | Swing | |
# Nightmare Cops

Nightmare Cops is an upcoming 2D platforming brawler video game developed by Tom Fulp and Jeff "JohnnyUtah" Bandelin under Newgrounds. The game takes place in a town overseen by a police force tasked with entering and combating the inhabitants' nightmares. The game has seen an over ten-year long development cycle and has no tentative release date currently set; however, as of 2024, development is more than halfway to completion according to the development team.

## Gameplay

Nightmare Cops can be played by up to three players and features a selection of different characters to play as, each with different move sets and abilities. Levels contain platforming segments and boss fights, and are accessible through an overworld in the "real world" which you navigate in the crew's van. Many decorative elements of the overworld map are destructible.

## Development

According to Fulp, development on Nightmare Cops began in 2012 with Bandelin alongside the web game project Cathode Raybots. A lip-sync animation system developed for the game was packaged as an interactive Flash called Talk Head and posted to Newgrounds the same year. In 2016, It was announced in a blog post that Spazkid and Chris "Oney" O'Neill had joined the project. Details on the game were scarce until a playable demo was showcased in 2017 at San Diego Comic-Con at The Behemoth's booth. In a 2024 interview, Bandelin touched on the project's status: "We're well past the halfway point. It won't be out this year, but hopefully, not long after that."
# Balu Balachandran

Balu Balachandran is a Distinguished Fellow and the Group Leader for the Ceramics and Covetic Materials group in the Applied Materials Division at Argonne National Laboratory, Chicago, USA.

## Education

He received his Bachelor of Engineering (BE) degree in Metallurgical Engineering in 1975 from National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Master of Science (MS) in Metallurgical Engineering from Indian Institute of Science and Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Materials Science and Engineering in 1980 from OGI School of Science and Engineering, Oregon, USA.

## Awards

Dr. Balachandran received many awards and recognition:
* 2014, Argonne Distinguished Fellow
* 2014, Distinguished Alumni Award, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli
* 2006, Fellow, Institute of Physics
* 1999, Fellow of the American Ceramic Society
* 1996, University of Chicago’s Distinguished Performance Award
* R&D 100 Awards – Four Awards (The R&D 100 Awards are internationally recognized as the “Oscars of Innovation.” They have been awarded for the best high-technology inventions in a given year since 1962).
** 2011, R&D 100 Award for the development of advanced ceramic capacitors for power inverters
** 2004, R&D 100 Award for the development of hydrogen transport membranes
** 1995, R&D 100 Award for developing dense ceramic membranes for natural gas conversion
** 1993, R&D 100 Award for developing an efficient new production process for high-Tc powders
* Federal Laboratory Consortium (FLC) Awards for Excellence in Technology Transfer – Two Awards (Awards given by FLC for transferring technology to industry)
** 1996, Award for Excellence in Tech Transfer for transferring the process to manufacture phase-pure high-Tc powders to industry
** 1995, Award for Excellence in Tech Transfer for transferring membrane technology to industry
* FLC Awards of Merit – Two Awards (Awards given by FLC for transferring technology to industry)
** 1994, Award of Merit for transferring the superconductor powder process
** 1992, Award of Merit for transferring the cryogenic current lead technology
# Llanquihuea

Llanquihuea is a genus of treehoppers belonging to the family Melizoderidae. It contains the single species Llanquihuea pilosa.
# Sebastiaan Steur

Sebastiaan Steur (born 8 March 1984, in Naarden) is a Dutch former footballer who played as a striker. He formerly played for FC Volendam, SC Heerenveen, SBV Excelsior, Heracles Almelo and Spakenburg.
# 1865 International Exhibition

The Exposição Internacional do Porto, known in English as the International Exhibition of 1865, was a world's fair held in the Portuguese city of Porto. The exhibition was housed inside the grand Palácio de Cristal, which was modelled on the synonymous Crystal Palace erected for The Great Exhibition held during 1851 in London. The building's designer was Anglo-Irish civil engineer Francis Webb Sheilds, who also engineered its construction – he had been the resident engineer for the earlier building between 1852 and 1858. The building was demolished in 1951 after hosting many other expositions.

## Background

The exhibition was inaugurated on 18 September 1865 in the presence of the Portuguese king, Luís I and his consort Maria Pia of Savoy. Upon inauguration, it became the first world's fair to occur on the Iberian Peninsula. The exhibition was shown until January 1866, and the theme of the event was industrial and trade innovations with an emphasis in primary materials, machinery, manufacture and fine arts.

## Organization

Chiefly organized by the Associação Industrial Portuense (today called the Associação Empresarial de Portugal), the exhibition hosted 3,139 exhibitors, of which 499 were French, 265 German, 107 British, 89 Belgian, 62 Brazilian, 24 Spanish, and 16 Danish. Russia, the Netherlands, Turkey, the United States and Japan were also represented.
# Kopaniny (Aš)

Kopaniny (German: Krugsreuth) is a village in Karlovy Vary Region, Czech Republic. It is one of the nine municipal parts of Aš. In 2021 the village had a population of 123.

## Geography

Kopaniny lies 5 kilometres northeast from Aš, about 673 meters above sea level, and is surrounded by forests.

## History

Kopaniny was probably founded in the 12th century, but it is first mentioned in 1315, as a property of the Feiltsch family from Sachsgrün. In the middle of the 14th century village belonged to Neuberg property, and in the late 14th century it was bought by the Zedtwitz.

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1869 | 686 | — |
| 1880 | 714 | +4.1% |
| 1890 | 699 | −2.1% |
| 1900 | 848 | +21.3% |
| 1910 | 992 | +17.0% |
| 1921 | 885 | −10.8% |
| 1930 | 914 | +3.3% |
| 1950 | 258 | −71.8% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1961 | 219 | −15.1% |
| 1970 | 177 | −19.2% |
| 1980 | 126 | −28.8% |
| 1991 | 114 | −9.5% |
| 2001 | 94 | −17.5% |
| 2011 | 122 | +29.8% |
| 2021 | 58 | −52.5% |
Source: Censuses :

## Landmarks

* Church of the Sacred Heart from 1890,
* Ruins of the Zedtwitz castle,
* German cemetery with Zedtwitz Tomb.

## Gallery

* Church of the Sacred Heart.
* Ruins of Zedtwitz castle.
* Zedtwitz castle in 1907.
# Saint Mary Lake

Saint Mary Lake is the second-largest lake in Glacier National Park, in the U.S. state of Montana.
Located on the east side of the park, Going-to-the-Sun Road parallels the lake along its north shore. At an elevation of 4,484 feet (1,367 m), Saint Mary Lake's waters are colder and lie almost 1,500 feet (460 m) higher in elevation than Lake McDonald, the largest lake in the park, which is located on the west side of the Continental Divide. Here, the Great Plains end and the Rocky Mountains begin in an abrupt 5,000-foot (1,500 m) elevation change, with Little Chief Mountain posing a formidable southern flank above the west end of the lake.
The lake is 9.9 miles (15.9 km) long and 300 feet (91 m) deep with a surface area of 3,923 acres (15.88 km$^2$). The waters of the lake rarely rise above 50 °F (10 °C) and are home to various species of trout. During the winter, the lake is often frozen over with ice up to 4 feet (1.2 m) thick.
The opening scene in the 1980 Stanley Kubrick film The Shining was shot at Saint Mary Lake.
Wild Goose Island rises a mere 14 feet (4.3 m) above the lake. The island is dwarfed by the lake and surrounding mountains, yet it is of one of the most frequently photographed locations along the Going-to-the-Sun Road.

## Gallery

* Aerial panorama
* From Sun Point
* Lakeside panorama
# Owain Williams (rugby union)

Owain Llewelyn Williams (1964 – 12 September 2021) was a Welsh rugby union player who played as a back row forward for Glamorgan Wanderers, Bridgend, and Cardiff, and the national team. He was the brother of Gareth Williams. He played for Cardiff 221 times, and in the course of his career was in two Welsh Cup-winning sides and also appeared in the inaugural Heineken Cup. He had four children, two of whom, Teddy and Henri, are also rugby players.
After his career in rugby, Williams became a production designer for film and television, namely for the BBC medical drama Casualty.
In 2006 Williams received eye surgery as a result of suffering from cancer.
He died at age 56 from cancer in 2021.
# Jeffrey Ket

Jeffrey Ket (born 6 April 1993) is a Dutch professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Derde Divisie club TEC.

## Career

During his career, Ket played professionally for AS Trenčín, Oss, Telstar, Dordrecht, Pandurii Târgu Jiu, and Lommel.
In June 2018, Ket moved to Quick Boys on loan from Lommel. His deal became permanent after one season, and in 2021 he signed a two-year extension with the club, where he had become team captain.
On 29 March 2023, Ket was announced as TEC's new signing for the 2023–24 season.
# David Kellogg Cartter

David Kellogg Cartter (June 22, 1812 – April 16, 1887) was an American lawyer, jurist, and politician who served as a United States representative from Ohio, Minister Resident of the United States to Bolivia and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia.

## Education and career

Born on June 22, 1812, in Jefferson County, New York, Cartter read law in 1832. He was admitted to the bar and entered private practice in Rochester, New York, from 1832 to 1836, and continued in private practice in Akron, Ohio, from 1836 to 1845, and in Massillon, Ohio, from 1845 to 1849. He is the author of an early history of Rochester from 1810 to 1827, a copy of which was deposited into the cornerstone of the then-new Rochester City Hall in 1873.

## Congressional service

Cartter was elected as a Democrat from Ohio's 18th congressional district to the United States House of Representatives of the 31st and 32nd United States Congresses, serving from March 4, 1849, to March 3, 1853. He was Chairman of the Committee on Patents for the 32nd United States Congress.

## Later career

Following his departure from Congress, Cartter resumed private practice in Massillon from 1853 to 1856, then in Cleveland, Ohio, from 1856 to 1861. He was a delegate to the 1860 Republican National Convention. He served as Minister Resident of the United States to Bolivia from March 27, 1861, to March 10, 1862.

## Federal judicial service

Cartter was nominated by President Abraham Lincoln on March 10, 1863, to the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia (now the United States District Court for the District of Columbia), to the new Chief Justice seat authorized by 12 Stat. 762. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on March 11, 1863, and received his commission the same day. His service terminated on April 16, 1887, due to his death in Washington, D.C. He was interred in Lake View Cemetery in Cleveland.
# Swimming at the 2015 SEA Games – Women's 100 metre backstroke

The women's 100 metre backstroke competition of the swimming event at the 2015 SEA Games was held on 9 June at the OCBC Aquatic Centre in Kallang, Singapore.

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing Asian and Games records were as follows:
| Asian record | Aya Terakawa (JPN) | 58.70 | Barcelona, Spain | 4 August 2013 |
| Games record | Tao Li (SIN) | 1:02.11 | Palembang, Indonesia | 16 December 2011 |

## Schedule

All times are Singapore Standard Time (UTC+08:00)
| Date | Time | Event |
| Tuesday, 9 June 2015 | 09:09 | Heat 1 |
| Tuesday, 9 June 2015 | 09:10 | Heat 2 |
| Tuesday, 9 June 2015 | 19:40 | Final |

## Results

| KEY: | Q | Qualified | GR | Games record | NR | National record | PB | Personal best | SB | Seasonal best | WD | Withdrew | DNF | Did not finish |

### Heats

    Source: Heats results summary
The heats were held on 9 June.

#### Heat 1

    Source: Heat 1 results
Heat 1 was held on 9 June.
| Rank | Lane | Athletes | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 6 | Quek Jia Hui Hannah (SIN) | 1:05.69 | Q |
| 2 | 4 | Tao Li (SIN) | 1:05.94 | Q |
| 3 | 5 | Parita Damrongrat (THA) | 1:06.41 | Q |
| 4 | 3 | Anak Agung Istri Kania Ratih (INA) | 1:06.76 | Q |
| 5 | 2 | Caroline Chan Zi Xin (MAS) | 1:08.14 | |

#### Heat 2

    Source: Heat 2 results
Heat 2 was held on 9 June.
| Rank | Lane | Athletes | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 6 | Roxanne Ashley Yu (PHI) | 1:05.03 | Q |
| 2 | 5 | Araya Wongvat (THA) | 1:05.38 | Q |
| 3 | 3 | Yessy Venesia Yosaputra (INA) | 1:05.65 | Q |
| 4 | 2 | Elizabeth Ann Jordana (PHI) | 1:05.66 | Q |
| 5 | 7 | Seng Samphors (CAM) | 1:18.43 | |

### Final

    Source: Final Results
The final was held on 9 June.
| Rank | Lane | Athletes | Time | Notes |
| | 7 | Tao Li (SIN) | 1:02.67 | |
| | 8 | Anak Agung Istri Kania Ratih (INA) | 1:04.38 | NR |
| | 4 | Roxanne Ashley Yu (PHI) | 1:04.80 | |
| 4 | 3 | Yessy Venesia Yosaputra (INA) | 1:05.18 | |
| 5 | 5 | Araya Wongvat (THA) | 1:05.31 | |
| 6 | 2 | Quek Jia Hui Hannah (SIN) | 1:05.83 | |
| 7 | 1 | Parita Damrongrat (THA) | 1:05.85 | |
| 8 | 6 | Elizabeth Ann Jordana (PHI) | 1:05.94 | |
# Jukebox (Cat Power album)

Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 72/100 |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| Drowned In Sound | |
| The Guardian | |
| Los Angeles Times | |
| Mojo | |
| NME | |
| Pitchfork Media | (5.7/10) |
| Rolling Stone | |
| Spin | |
| Uncut | |
Jukebox is the eighth studio album by Cat Power, released on January 22, 2008 on Matador Records. The album is composed almost entirely of cover songs, save for "Song to Bobby" and "Metal Heart" (previously recorded and released in 1998). It is Marshall's second record of cover songs, after the titular The Covers Record.
A limited-edition silver foil deluxe package was also released containing a bonus disc with five extra songs.

## Commercial performance

The album debuted at number 12 on the Billboard 200 chart, selling about 29,000 copies in its first week. As of 2012, sales in the United States have exceeded 137,000 copies, according to Nielsen SoundScan. It was awarded a gold certification from the Independent Music Companies Association which indicated sales of at least 100,000 copies throughout Europe.

## Charts

| Chart | Peak position |
| Australian Albums (ARIA) | 36 |
| Austrian Albums (Ö3 Austria) | 40 |
| Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders) | 10 |
| Belgian Albums (Ultratop Wallonia) | 5 |
| Canadian Albums (Billboard) | 3 |
| Danish Albums (Hitlisten) | 12 |
| Dutch Albums (Album Top 100) | 63 |
| French Albums (SNEP) | 4 |
| German Albums (Offizielle Top 100) | 18 |
| Italian Albums (FIMI) | 51 |
| New Zealand Albums (RMNZ) | 30 |
| Norwegian Albums (VG-lista) | 30 |
| Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan) | 27 |
| Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade) | 20 |
| US Billboard 200 | 12 |

## Sales

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United States | — | 137,000 |
| Summaries |||
| Europe | — | 100,000 |

## Personnel

* Chan Marshall – vocals
* Stuart Sikes – engineer
Dirty Delta Blues
* Judah Bauer – guitar
* Jim White – drums
* Erik Paparazzi – bass
* Gregg Foreman – piano, organ
Special Guests
* Spooner Oldham – piano, organ
* Teenie Hodges – guitar
* Larry McDonald – percussion
* Dylan Willemsa – viola
* Matt Sweeney – guitar