OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Heisson, Washington

Heisson is an unincorporated community in Clark County, Washington.
Heisson lies just north of Battle Ground Lake State Park, south of the East Fork Lewis River, and northeast of Battle Ground, Washington. It consists of a combined general store and post office, along with several houses. Among these houses is the Henry Heisen House, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places listings in Clark County, Washington. The post office is located adjacent to a crossing for the historic Chelatchie Prairie Railroad.

## History

The community was named after German immigrant Alexander Heisen who, along with his family, homesteaded in the area in 1866. The spelling of the community, Heisson, is considered to be in error. Heisen granted land to the government for logging in exchange for having the post office named after him and the post office was founded in 1904, recorded as "Heisson" rather than Heisen. Only the railroad retained use of the "Heisen" spelling. The general store and post office signage, as well as maps, use the modified "Heisson" spelling.
Heisen's son built a home in the area, which is known as the Henry Heisen House and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The house is owned by Heisen House Vineyards.
The town flourished until 1923, when the timber was depleted and workers from the Ryan and Allen Mill, located across the East Fork Lewis River, began to move away.
# Bruynswick School No. 8

Bruynswick School No. 8 is a former school located on Bruynswick Road (Ulster County Route 7) in the small hamlet of the same name in the northwestern portion of Shawangunk, New York, United States. It is one of the few remainders of a time when Bruynswick was more populous.
The building is on a small lot next to the Shawangunk Valley firehouse on the west side of the road, just south of the Gardiner town line. The Shawangunk Ridge dominates the view to the west across mostly open rural land. It is a frame one-room schoolhouse, three bays by three and one story in height. It sits on a stone foundation with a gabled roof shingled in asphalt.
The front facade faces east and features a centrally located entrance amid simple wooden surrounds and a lunette in the gable apex. The windows on either side have louvered shutters. A wood plaque above the door has "District No. 8" painted on it. Both north and south profiles have two similarly shuttered windows; with an additional, smaller third on the south with an awning. The rear is blank with the exception of a small shed addition.
Inside, much of the original floor plan and finishes remain. A bedroom has been created in the southeast corner, and a second-story loft added. The shed serves as a bathroom and utility room. A garage and privy are also located on the property; these are of modern construction and not considered contributing resources.
The schoolhouse was built in 1840 to replace an older school a quarter-mile (400 m) to the south. It continued to be used as a school until 1943, when the Wallkill Central School District was created. Some modifications, such as the front lunette, were made in the 1950s to convert it into a private home. In 2000 it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.
# Tundra vole

The tundra vole (Alexandromys oeconomus) or root vole is a medium-sized vole found in Northern and Central Europe, Asia, and northwestern North America, including Alaska and northwestern Canada. In the western part of the Netherlands, the tundra vole is a relict from the ice age and has developed into the subspecies Alexandromys oeconomus arenicola.

## Description

The tundra vole has short ears and a short tail. Its fur is yellowish brown with paler sides and white underparts. It is typically about 18 cm (7.1 in) long with a 4 cm (1.6 in) tail and a weight of about 50 grams (1.8 oz).

## Habitat

The tundra vole is found in damp tundra or moist meadows, usually near water.

## Behaviour and diet

This species makes runways through the surface growth in warm weather and tunnels through the snow in winter. It feeds on grasses, sedges and seeds. It is active year-round. It also digs burrows where it stores seeds and roots, especially licorice root, for the winter.

## Breeding

Female voles have three to six litters of three to nine young in a shallow burrow. The vole population in a given area can vary greatly from year to year.

## Subspecies

Subspecies are as follows:
* A. o. amakensis - Amak Island tundra vole - Alaska, United States
* A. o. arenicola - Dutch tundra vole - Netherlands
* A. o. elymocetes - Montague Island tundra vole - Alaska, United States
* A. o. finmarchicus - Norwegian tundra vole - Norway
* A. o. innuitus - St. Lawrence Island tundra vole - Alaska, United States
* A. o. medius - Norwegian tundra vole - Norway
* A. o. mehelyi - Central European tundra vole - Austria, Hungary and Slovakia
* A. o. oeconomus - nominate subspecies - widespread
* A. o. popofensis - Shumagin Islands tundra vole - Alaska, United States
* A. o. punakensis - Punuk Islands tundra vole - Alaska, United States
* A. o. sitkensis - Alexander Archipelago tundra vole - Alaska, United States
* A. o. unalascensis - Unalaska Island tundra vole - Alaska, United States
# R. David Proctor

Robert David Proctor (born December 5, 1960) is the chief United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama.

## Education and career

Born in Atlanta, Georgia, Proctor received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Carson–Newman College, (now Carson–Newman University), in 1983 and a Juris Doctor from the University of Tennessee College of Law in 1986. He was a law clerk to Hiram Emory Widener Jr. of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit from 1986 to 1987. He was in private practice in Birmingham, Alabama, from 1987 to 2003.

## Federal judicial service

On May 1, 2003, Proctor was nominated by President George W. Bush to a new seat on the United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama created by 116 Stat. 1758. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on September 17, 2003, and received his commission on September 22, 2003. He became chief judge on January 1, 2024.
# Mark R. Kravitz

Mark Richard Kravitz (June 21, 1950 – September 30, 2012) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Connecticut.

## Early life and education

Kravitz was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1950. After earning a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1972 from Wesleyan University (magna cum laude, Phi Beta Kappa), he received a Juris Doctor from Georgetown University Law Center in 1975, where he served as Managing Editor of the Georgetown Law Journal.
After graduating from law school, Kravitz served as a law clerk to Judge James Hunter III, Circuit Judge, of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit, and subsequently to then-justice (later chief justice) William Rehnquist, of the United States Supreme Court from 1978 to 1979.

## Career

Before his appointment to the federal bench, Kravitz was a partner at the Connecticut-based law firm of Wiggin and Dana, LLP, where his practice centered on appellate litigation. While in private practice, he argued cases before the U.S. Supreme Court, United States Courts of Appeals and various state supreme courts throughout the country. From 1999 to 2003, Kravitz served as a regular commentator and columnist for the National Law Journal on appellate law. Kravitz was an adjunct professor at Connecticut Law School from 1995 to 2001. He also has authored numerous articles on a variety of legal topics. In 2006 and 2009, he was appointed a Senior Fellow in Law at the University of Melbourne Graduate School of Law, in Melbourne, Australia. Kravitz also was a lecturer in law at Yale Law School.

## District court service

He was nominated by U.S. President George W. Bush to fill a seat on the court vacated by Alfred V. Covello on March 27, 2003 and was confirmed by the United States Senate on June 11, 2003. He received his commission on June 12, 2003, and was sworn in by Chief Justice Rehnquist. After Kravitz's death, on February 24, 2014, the U.S. Senate confirmed Jeffrey A. Meyer to fill the seat.

## Death

Kravitz died on September 30, 2012, in Guilford, Connecticut. He died of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), commonly known as "Lou Gehrig's disease." By the time of his death, he was no longer hearing criminal cases or conducting civil trials.
# Archeocrypticidae

The family Archeocrypticidae is a small group of beetles with no vernacular common name, though recent authors have coined the name cryptic fungus beetles. Adults and larvae seems to be saprophagous and are often found in plant litter. Worldwide, about 10 genera and 50 species are found, most species are pantropical. Enneboeus caseyi has been recorded from the American South, Central America, and Mexico. About 20 species are found in Australia, in the genera Enneboeus, Australenneboeus and Gondwanenneboeus, Archeocrypticus, Falsoplatydema, Nothenneboeus, Sivacrypticus and Wattianus. They are largely absent from the Palearctic and Nearctic regions.
# J. Ronnie Greer

James Ronnie Greer, known professionally as J. Ronnie Greer, (born 1952) is a senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee.

## Education and career

Born in Mountain City, Tennessee, Greer received a Bachelor of Science degree from East Tennessee State University in 1974 and a Juris Doctor from the University of Tennessee College of Law in 1980. He was a special assistant to Governor Lamar Alexander in Nashville from 1980 to 1981. He entered private practice in 1981, and was also the campaign manager for the Robin Beard U.S. Senate Campaign from 1981 to 1982, returning to full-time private practice in Greeneville from 1983 to 2003. He was a county attorney of Greene County from 1985 to 1986, and was then a state senator in the Tennessee General Assembly from 1986 to 1994.

## District court service

On April 9, 2003, Greer was nominated by President George W. Bush to a seat on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee vacated by Thomas Gray Hull. Greer was confirmed by the United States Senate on June 11, 2003, and received his commission on June 12, 2003. He assumed senior status on June 30, 2018.

## Notable case

He is known for his tough sentence of moonshiner Marvin "Popcorn" Sutton. Sutton's wife maintains that this sentence was the reason he died by suicide.
# Flap-necked chameleon

The flap-necked chameleon (Chamaeleo dilepis) is a species of arboreal chameleon, a lizard in the family Chamaeleonidae. The species is native to sub-Saharan Africa. There are eight recognized subspecies, including the nominotypical subspecies.

## Subspecies

The following subspecies of the flap-necked chameleon are recognized as being valid.
* Chamaeleo dilepis dilepis Leach, 1819 – flap-necked chameleon
* Chamaeleo dilepis idjwiensis Loveridge, 1942 – Idjwi Island flap-necked chameleon
* Chamaeleo dilepis isabellinus Günther, 1893 – Isabelline flap-necked chameleon
* Chamaeleo dilepis martensi Mertens, 1864 – Pemba Island flap-necked chameleon
* Chamaeleo dilepis petersii Gray, 1865 – Peters' flap-necked chameleon
* Chamaeleo dilepis quilensis Bocage, 1866
* Chamaeleo dilepis roperi Boulenger, 1890
* Chamaeleo dilepis ruspolii Boettger, 1893

## Etymology

The subspecific name roperi is in honor of G.D. Trevor-Roper.
The subspecific name ruspolii is in honor of Italian explorer Prince Eugenio Ruspoli.

## Description

Chamaeleo dilepis is a large chameleon, reaching a total length (including tail) of 35 cm (14 in). Colouring ranges through various shades of green, yellow, and brown. There is usually a pale stripe on the lower flanks and one to three pale patches higher on the flanks.
* Juvenile female South Africa

## Geographic range and habitat

Chamaeleo dilepis has a very wide distribution, occurring throughout much of sub-Saharan Africa from as far north as Ethiopia and Somalia to a western extreme of Cameroon, and as far south as northern South Africa. It inhabits coastal forest, moist or dry savannah, woodland and bushy grasslands, and may also venture into rural and suburban areas.

## Ecology

The adult female flap-necked chameleon lays 10-40 eggs in a hole dug in soil. The eggs take 10–12 months to hatch. The diet of C. dilepis includes a variety of invertebrates, although large individuals may take geckos and other chameleons. The species is itself commonly preyed on by snakes such as the boomslang and the twig snake.

## Conservation

The flap-necked chameleon is in heavy demand for the international pet trade, being the third most highly traded chameleon species. More than 111,000 individuals were exported between 1977 and 2011, mostly to the USA. No detrimental effects on the total population size have been observed so far, although more in-depth studies have been recommended. The species is currently classified as Least Concern by the IUCN.
# James D. Cain Jr.

James David Cain Jr. (born November 30, 1964) is a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Louisiana.

## Education

Cain earned his Bachelor of Arts from McNeese State University (where he was roommates with Joe Dumars) and his Juris Doctor, cum laude, from the Southern University Law Center in Baton Rouge. Prior to entering law school, he served for three years as a congressional aide to Representative Jimmy Hayes, who served Louisiana's 7th congressional district from 1987 to 1997.

## Career

Upon graduation from law school, Cain clerked for Judge Henry L. Yelverton of the Louisiana Third Circuit Court of Appeal.
Before starting his own firm, he practiced for twelve years at Lundy & Davis. He is a founding member and former partner of the Lake Charles-based firm Loftin, Cain & LeBlanc, LLC, where his practice focused on civil litigation in state and federal courts.

### Federal judicial service

On August 27, 2018, President Donald Trump announced his intent to nominate Cain to serve as a United States district judge for the United States District Court for the Western District of Louisiana. On August 28, 2018, his nomination was sent to the United States Senate. President Trump nominated Cain to the vacated by Judge Patricia Head Minaldi, who assumed senior status on July 31, 2017. On November 13, 2018, a hearing on his nomination was held before the Senate Judiciary Committee.
On January 3, 2019, his nomination was returned to the President under Rule XXXI, Paragraph 6 of the United States Senate. On January 23, 2019, President Trump announced his intent to renominate Cain for a federal judgeship. His nomination was sent to the Senate later that day. On February 7, 2019, his nomination was reported out of committee by a 20–2 vote. On June 18, 2019, the Senate invoked cloture on his nomination by a 76–20 vote. On June 19, 2019, his nomination was confirmed by a 77–21 vote. He received his judicial commission on June 25, 2019.
Between 2020–2023, Cain handled 6,877 insurance cases, more than any other judge in the nation.
# Tessmannia

Tessmannia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae.
It is native to Tropical Africa, and is found in the countries of Angola, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, Congo, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Zambia, Zaïre and Zimbabwe.
The genus name of Tessmannia is in honour of Günther Tessmann (1884–1969), a German-Brazilian ethnologist and botanist. He was also an African explorer and plant collector, who later settled in Brazil. It was first described and published in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. Vol.45 on page 295 in 1910.

## Known species

As accepted by the Plants of the World Online as of February 2021:
* Tessmannia africana Harms
* Tessmannia anomala (Micheli) Harms
* Tessmannia baikieaoides Hutch. & Dalziel
* Tessmannia burttii Harms
* Tessmannia camoneana Torre
* Tessmannia copallifera J.Léonard
* Tessmannia dawei J.Léonard
* Tessmannia densiflora Harms
* Tessmannia dewildemaniana Harms
* Tessmannia korupensis Burgt
* Tessmannia lescrauwaetii (De Wild.) Harms
* Tessmannia martiniana Harms
* Tessmannia yangambiensis Louis ex J.Léonard
# Robert Beezer

Robert Renaut Beezer (July 21, 1928 – March 30, 2012) was a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.

## Education and career

Born in Seattle, Washington, Beezer received a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Virginia in 1951 and a Bachelor of Laws from the University of Virginia School of Law in 1956. He was a United States Marine Corps Reserve Lieutenant from 1951 to 1953. He was in private practice in Seattle from 1956 to 1984, serving as a Judge pro tem on the Seattle Municipal Court from 1962 to 1976.

## Federal judicial service

On March 2, 1984, Beezer was nominated by President Ronald Reagan to a seat on the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit vacated by Judge Eugene Allen Wright. Beezer was confirmed by the United States Senate on March 27, 1984, and received his commission on March 28, 1984. He assumed senior status on July 31, 1996.

## Death

Beezer died from lung cancer in Seattle on March 30, 2012, at age 83.
# Emmett Ripley Cox

Emmett Ripley Cox (February 13, 1935 – March 3, 2021) was an American jurist who served as judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit and the United States District Court for the Southern District of Alabama.

## Education and career

Born in Cottonwood, Alabama, Cox received an Artium Baccalaureus degree from the University of Alabama in 1957 and a Bachelor of Laws from the University of Alabama School of Law in 1959. He was in the United States Air National Guard from 1958 to 1964, and was in private practice in Birmingham, Alabama from 1959 to 1964, and in Mobile, Alabama from 1964 to 1981.

## Federal judicial service

On October 14, 1981, Cox was nominated by President Ronald Reagan to a seat on the United States District Court for the Southern District of Alabama vacated by Judge Thomas Virgil Pittman. Cox was confirmed by the United States Senate on November 18, 1981, and received his commission the same day. His service terminated on April 25, 1988, due to elevation to the court of appeals.
On December 19, 1987, Reagan nominated Cox to a seat on the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit vacated by Judge John Cooper Godbold. Cox was again confirmed by the Senate, on April 15, 1988, and received his commission on April 18, 1988. He assumed senior status on December 18, 2000. He died on March 3, 2021, aged 86.
# Jan E. DuBois

Jan Ely DuBois (born January 17, 1931) is a senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania.

## Education and career

A native of Philadelphia, DuBois graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1952, with a Bachelor of Science degree. From 1952 to 1954 he served in the United States Army. He received his Bachelor of Laws from Yale Law School in 1957. While at law school, he served as a clerk in the Civil Division of the United States Department of Justice in 1956. After graduation, he was a law clerk to Judge Harry Ellis Kalodner of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit from 1957 to 1958. From 1958 to 1988 he worked in private practice in Philadelphia.

### Federal judicial service

DuBois was nominated by President Ronald Reagan on May 10, 1988, to a seat on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania vacated by Judge Clifford Scott Green. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on July 26, 1988, and received commission on July 27, 1988. He assumed senior status on April 15, 2002.

## Notable case

He served as the judge in the case Robbins v. Lower Merion School District.
# Paratrophon quoyi

Paratrophon quoyi is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.

## Description

These marine snails are small, being about 14 mm in length. Their shells are pinkish in color and spiralled. See for photos.

## Distribution

Paratrophon quoyi are found in waters off New South Wales in Australia and the North Island in New Zealand. They live on rocks in the intertidal zone. They feed on algae during high tide. During low tide, they shut themselves up tight to prevent water loss.
# William Lee Dwyer

William Lee Dwyer (March 26, 1929 – February 12, 2002) was an American attorney and jurist who served as a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Washington.

## Early life and education

Born in Olympia, Washington, Dwyer received a Bachelor of Science degree from the University of Washington in 1951 and a Bachelor of Laws from New York University School of Law in 1953.

## Career

He served in the United States Army Judge Advocate General's Corps from 1953 to 1956, achieving the rank of lieutenant. He was a law clerk for the Washington Supreme Court in 1957, and was then in private practice in Seattle, Washington from 1957 to 1987. During his time in private practice, Dwyer was hired by then-Attorney General Slade Gorton to oversee a case against Major League Baseball following the loss of the Seattle Pilots. It ultimately resulted in the creation of a new team, the Seattle Mariners, and the case was withdrawn.
On July 28, 1987, Dwyer was nominated by President Ronald Reagan to a seat on the United States District Court for the Western District of Washington vacated by Judge Donald S. Voorhees. Dwyer was confirmed by the United States Senate on November 5, 1987, and received his commission on November 6, 1987. He assumed senior status on December 1, 1998, serving in that capacity until his death, in Seattle, Washington.
# Haemadipsa sylvestris

Haemadipsa sylvestris is a species of blood-feeding leech recorded from India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Malaysia, and Indonesia. A species of freshwater crab, Himalayapotamon atkinsonianum, has been recorded as a host. The species is known to grow as large as 40 mm in length and 7 mm wide. It is a lowland species, and closely associated with water; it lives near riverbanks and ponds, and may sometimes be flooded out in some regions.