OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ground freezing

Ground freezing is a construction technique used in circumstances where soil needs to be stabilized so it will not collapse next to excavations, or to prevent contaminants spilled into soil from being leached away. Ground freezing has been used for at least one hundred years.
Pipes are run through the soil to be frozen, and then refrigerants are run through the pipes, freezing the soil. Frozen soil can be as hard as concrete.

## Design

Some ground freezing projects use common salt brine as the refrigerant, but other projects benefit from using more exotic refrigerants, like liquid nitrogen. or solid carbon dioxide ('dry ice').

## Examples

Soil contaminated with radioactive elements that leaked from Japan's Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant was contained through ground freezing.
A project in Boston known as the Big Dig used ground freezing during some of its tunneling, to allow its wide tunnels to be built under or through soil that supported existing infrastructure that would have been difficult or expensive to support using more traditional excavation methods.
In northern Canada and arctic Alaska, passive pipe systems are used that do not require any external power to keep the ground frozen. These systems use in-ground evaporators and above-ground radiators filled with liquid refrigerant. When ambient temperatures fall below ground temperatures, the liquid vapor starts condensing in the radiator, reducing the pressure in the system causing the liquid in the evaporator to boil and evaporate. This process results in heat transfer from the ground to the air and keeps the ground in a permanent frozen state.
Hani and Evirgen (2023) introduced a new method for sampling granular soils without disturbing their natural state; they suggest using artificial ground freezing, a ground enhancement technique, as an on-site option for deep excavation applications.
# Parides hahneli

Parides hahneli, the Hahnel's Amazonian swallowtail, is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae. It is endemic to Brazil in the states of Rondônia, Mato Grosso, Amazonas and Pará, where it was placed on the list of endangered species in 2008.
The butterfly was named to honour its collector Paul Hahnel. "Collecting in the neighbourhood of the Amazon, from Para to the foot of the Andes, seems to be more difficult nowadays than formerly. It is true the steamboat takes the collector from place to place, but in the neighbourhood of the larger settlements there is no longer much for him to seek, and living has become extraordinarily expensive. And it is difficult to find a place near the forest fit to live in and secure against flagrant robbery, and the collector is very dependent upon chance in this respect."

## Description

It has tails. The forewing has three yellow-grey bands or patches; hindwing with area of the same colour, occupying the greater part of the wing. A technical description is provided by Rothschild, W. and Jordan, K. (1906)

## Taxonomy

Parides hahneli is a member of the chabrias species group
The members are
* Parides chabrias
* Parides coelus
* Parides hahneli
* Parides mithras
* Parides pizarro
* Parides quadratus

## Status

Parides hahneli is rare.
* in Staudinger & Schatz, Exotische schmetterlinge
* in Proceedings of the Zoological Society
* Original description
* DDR Stamp
* Specimen
# The Gang's All Here (1941 film)

The Gang's All Here is a 1941 American crime drama film directed by Jean Yarbrough and starring Frankie Darro, Mantan Moreland, Marcia Mae Jones and Jackie Moran in a story about a trucking company targeted by saboteurs. Made by Monogram Pictures it was produced by Lindsley Parsons and is one of several that paired Darro and Moreland. The film is known under the alternative title In the Night in the United Kingdom.

## Cast

* Frankie Darro as Frankie O'Malley
* Marcia Mae Jones as Patsy Wallace
* Jackie Moran as Chick Daly
* Keye Luke as George Lee
* Mantan Moreland as Jefferson Smith
* Robert Homans as Pop Wallace
* Irving Mitchell as R. A. Saunders
* Ed Cassidy as Jack Norton
* Pat Gleason as Henchman Marty
* Jack Kenney as Henchman Dink
* Jack Ingram as Matt
* Laurence Criner as Ham Shanks
# National Development Party (Brunei)

National Development Party (Malay: Parti Pembangunan Bangsa, ڤرتي ڤمباڠونن بڠسا; abbrev: NDP) is a political party in Brunei. Although legally registered as a political party, it has not been able to gain electoral representation as legislative elections have not been held in Brunei since 1962. The party formally legalised on 31 August 2005 by former rebel and Secretary General of the banned Brunei People's Party, Yassin Affandi, aka Haji Muhammad Yasin bin Abdul Rahman (died 2012), co-founded the Party, which is the third political party founded legally in Brunei to date.
NDP is member of the International Monarchist Conference.

## Structure

The following members of the National Development Party as of 31 March 2020:
| Position | Individual |
| President | Zainal Talib (acting) |
| Deputy President | Zainal Talib |
| Secretary-General | Ahmad Timpus |
| Assistant Secretary-General | Junaidah Hassan |
| Member | Mahmud Basuani Othman |
| Member | Hamzah Salleh |
| Member | Abdul Rajak Abdul Latip |
| Member | Mahadi Suhaili |
| Member | Rasiah Alah |
| Member | Puspa Linda Abidin |
| Member | Badang Perayam |
| Member | Mohd Sopian Taha |
| Member | Effa Ghafur |
| Member | Ali Ahad |
| Member | Abdul Aziz A.A. Haneefa. |
| Member | Armah Ahmad |
| Member | Mohd Abihu Rairah Ghazali |
# WAQY

WAQY (102.1 FM) is an American radio station in Springfield, Massachusetts, broadcasting a classic rock format. Since the late 1980s, the station has been known as "Rock 102".

## History

The station signed on December 17, 1966, as WCRX. The call letters stood for "Charles River Broadcasting extension", the station being a sister and extension of 102.5 FM WCRB-FM in Boston, Massachusetts. Both the Springfield and Boston stations programmed a classical music format overseen by Charles River Broadcasting owner Theodore Jones.
In the mid-1970s, owners Don Wilks and Mike Schwartz decided to put the first automated rock and roll station on the air. Their program direction, Jim Boldebook, was given the task of programming a Shafer automation system. WAQY broadcast top 40 music with song titles every third song and no on-the-air DJ. DJs went live starting in 1976.
In August 1981, WAQY switched to a rock music format known as AOR. Now known simply by the station’s call letters, WAQY played a mix of new rock music from the 1980s mixed with older rock artists of the '60s (The Beatles, Jimi Hendrix etc.) and 1970s (Black Sabbath, Led Zeppelin, etc.) Artists played included then current and popular Arena rock favorites Blue Öyster Cult, Journey, Foreigner and Fleetwood Mac as well as singer and songwriter artists from Tom Petty to Billy Joel. Hard rock and heavy metal acts like AC/DC, Van Halen and Rush were also core artists. In the mid-1980s, WAQY adopted its current moniker "Rock 102" playing up to five current rock songs an hour. By 1992, WAQY stopped playing current music and completed its evolution from an AOR to a classic rock format.
The station serves as the Pioneer Valley's affiliate for the New England Patriots radio network.

## Technical

WAQY transmits 17,000 watts from the top of Provin Mountain in Feeding Hills on the WWLP tower. WAQY transmits using a 4-bay Continental (ERI) center-fed antenna and a Nautel NV20 HD transmitter. WAQY's signal covers all of the Springfield, Massachusetts, market, and can be heard as far south as Long Island, New York. WAQY is running a high-level IBOC (HD Digital signal) at -14db versus the normal -20db. WAQY simulcasts sister station WLZX-FM on its HD2 subchannel.
# Xin Zhou

Xin Zhou is a mathematician known for his contributions in scattering theory, integrable systems, random matrices and Riemann–Hilbert problems.
He is Professor Emeritus of Mathematics at Duke University. Zhou had obtained M.Sc. from the University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1982 and then got his Ph.D. in 1988 from the University of Rochester. He received the Pólya prize in 1998 and was awarded with the Guggenheim Fellowship in 1999. He is most well known for his work with Percy Deift on the steepest descent method for oscillatory Riemann–Hilbert problems.
# Hrejkovice

Hrejkovice is a municipality and village in Písek District in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 500 inhabitants.
Hrejkovice lies approximately 23 kilometres (14 mi) north-east of Písek, 57 km (35 mi) north of České Budějovice, and 69 km (43 mi) south of Prague.

## Administrative division

Hrejkovice consists of four municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
* Hrejkovice (218)
* Chlumek (34)
* Níkovice (80)
* Pechova Lhota (137)
# Ecem Dönmez

Ecem Dönmez (born 29 October 1998) is a Turkish swimmer who specializes in freestyle swimming of 100 m and 200 m events. She takes part at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris, France.

## Sport career

Dönmez's passion for swimming started at the age of eight. Already at age 13, she set a new national record.
Dönmez is a member of Fenerbahçe Swimming in Istanbul.
Dönmez competed in the 4 × 100 m freestyle relay event at the 2019 World Aquatics Championships in Gwangju, South Korea.
She won the bronze medal together with Ela Naz Özdemir, Gizem Güvenç and Zehra Duru Bilgin in the 4 × 200 m freestyle relay event at the 2024 European Aquatics Championships in Belgrade, Serbia.
She was qualified to represent her country at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris, France together with her teammates Ela Naz Özdemir, Gizem Güvenç and Zehra Bilgin within the first 16 teams with 8:05.21 in the Women's 4 × 200 m freestyle relay event of the 2024 World Aquatics Championships in Doha, Qatar.

## Personal life

Ecem Dönmez was born on 29 October 1998. She studied Political science and International relations at Yeditepe University in Istanbul.
Ece Dönmez and Berkay Ömer Öğretir (born 1998), another Turkish swimmer competing at the 2024 Summer Olympics, married in Paris on 2 August after completing their competitions at the Olympic Games.
# Gülşah Günenç

Gülşah Günenç (born January 5, 1985) is a Turkish former swimmer, who specialized in butterfly events. She represented Turkey in two editions of the Olympic Games (2004 and 2008). She broke two Turkish national records in both 100 and 200 m butterfly at the 2006 FINA World Championships (SC). Gunenc is also a member of the swimming team for Fenerbahce Sports Club in her native Istanbul, and for the Buckeyes at Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio.
Gunenc made her first Turkish team (aged 19) at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, competing in a butterfly double. On the first day of the competition, she had been battling with fever to race smoothly for third and thirty-fifth overall behind fastest entrant Cheng Wan-jung of the Chinese Taipei and leader Kateryna Zubkova of Ukraine by more than a second in heat one of the women's 100 m butterfly, finishing with a mark of 1:04.30. Three days later, in the 200 m butterfly, Gunenc tried to hold on with Singapore's two-time Olympian Christel Bouvron throughout the race in heat one to finish sixth and thirty-first on the morning prelims at 2:20.17.
At the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, Gunenc qualified for the second time in the women's 200 m butterfly by eclipsing a FINA B-standard of 2:15.32 from the Toyota Grand Prix four months earlier in Columbus, Ohio. Swimming in heat one, Gunenc set a Turkish record in a tech bodysuit at 2:14.44 to chase Norway's Ingvild Snildal for second place by just a fingertip (0.09 seconds), but failed to advance to the semifinals with a thirty-second overall finish.
Gunenc received a triple-major business degree at the Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio, despite her early English language problems and transitional adjustments to American culture. Shortly after the Olympics, she eventually retired from swimming to pursue her master's degree in economics, while attending graduate school at UC Santa Barbara in California.
# Berke Saka

Berke Saka (born 9 July 2003) is a Turkish male swimmer competing in the backstroke event.

## Career

Saka is a member of Galatasaray Swimming. He broke the 13-years old national record of Derya Büyükuncu in the 200 m backstroke event with 1:58.08. He set a national record in the 200 metres individual medley event for 17-18 age class with 2:01.58 at the 2020 European Aquatics Championships in Budapest, Hungary. He won the silver medal in the 200 m backstroke event with 2:01.62 and the bronze medal in the 200 m individual medley event with 2:03.25 at the 2019 European Youth Summer Olympic Festival in Baku, Azerbaycan. He won the gold medal in the 200 m individual medley, the silver medal in the 200 m backstroke event of the 2021 European Junior Swimming Championships in Rome, Italy.
He obtained a quota for participation at the 2020 Summer Olympics. Saka was the flag bearer for Turkey together with Merve Tuncel at the 2020 Summer Olympics opening ceremony.
# Port au Choix

Port au Choix or Port aux Choix (/ˈpɔːrtətʃwɑː/; from French: misanalyzed to mean 'choice port', from Basque: Portutxoa Basque pronunciation:, meaning 'little port') is a town in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador.

## Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Port au Choix had a population of 742 living in 360 of its 395 total private dwellings, a change of -6% from its 2016 population of 789. With a land area of 35.56 km$^2$ (13.73 sq mi), it had a population density of 20.9/km$^2$ (54.0/sq mi) in 2021.

## National Historic Site

Port au Choix is a National Historic Site of Canada, and the community is regarded as one of the richest archeological finds in North America. Burial sites uncovered in the town in the 1960s & 70s provide evidence of its earliest settlers - from the Maritime Archaic Indians to the Groswater and Dorset Palaeo-Eskimos to the Recent Indians (ancestors of the Beothuks). While prehistoric coastlines elsewhere have long since slipped beneath the encroaching ocean, the raised shoreline and alkaline soil conditions at Port au Choix have combined to preserve a time capsule of great historical importance.
Because of the cultural significance of this burial site, and a successful local lobby, the site was officially designated a National Historic Site in 1970. In 2001, Parks Canada constructed a new Visitor Centre and Museum dedicated to the rich history of the native peoples - the first ever to inhabit Newfoundland, dating back over 5000 years.

### Basque chaloupe

In 2004, through the effort of the 2004 Society, an association of Basque Maritime Heritage, Itsas Begia (The eye of the sea) from Ciboure (Northern Basque Country), came to Newfoundland and shared its ancestral knowledge with Newfoundlanders. Three chaloupes were built, here in Port au Choix, in Conche and in La Scie. The chaloupe is located on Forest Road, in the old Port au Choix cove.
# With Dutkiewicz for Lower Silesia

With Dutkiewicz for Lower Silesia - a local election committee established for the local elections in Poland in 2018 in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship. The leader of the committee is Rafał Dutkiewicz, former president of Wrocław.
In the 2018 elections to the Lower Silesian Regional Assembly, the ZDdDŚ committee received 8.29% of votes (4th place) and two mandates, which were obtained by Stanisław Huskowski and Ryszard Lech. They became non-attached councilors and found themselves in opposition to the ruling coalition of PiS and BS. In the elections to the Wrocław city council, the committee took third place, receiving 14.21% of votes and 7 seats.
# National Traveller Women's Forum

The National Traveller Women's Forum (NTWF) is an Irish network of traveller women and women's groups.

## History

The NTWF was founded in 1988 in order to advance "Traveller women's rights [as] human rights, equality, cultural recognition, solidarity, liberation, collective action, anti-sexism, anti-racism [and] self-determination". The Forum developed out of the Dublin Travellers Education and Development Group (DTEDG), with the Group initially funding and supporting the Forum.

## Core activities

The NTWF's vision is "Traveller Women have achieved full equality and their identity is celebrated." It has worked in the fields including unemployment, accommodation, and discrimination and plans to work on supporting traveller women in prison. They also have highlighted the issues Traveller women face regarding mental and physical health, in particular the discrepancy between the life expectancy of Traveller community in comparison to the settled community. It is a member of the National Women's Council of Ireland, a company limited by guarantee incorporated in 2002, and a registered charity, RCN 20045364.
Alongside other Traveller advocacy groups including Minceirs Whiden, Irish Traveller Movement, and Pavee Point, the Forum conducts periodic surveys of the Travelling community and perceptions of the settled community. In 2019, with Tallaght Traveller Community Development Project and Blanchardstown Traveller Development Group, the Forum called on the Irish government to pay members of the Travelling community reparations for the racism they have identified within the policies of the Irish State. The Forum also campaign on the accessibility of education to Traveller children, and the effects of government policy educational outcomes for these children in comparison to their settled peers.
With over 20 groups including Amnesty International Ireland, the Immigrant Council of Ireland, and the Irish Refugee Council, in January 2020 the Forum co-signed an open letter to the Irish government calling on politicians to not use "hate speech". In reaction to the murder of George Floyd and the Black Lives Matter protests, the Forum joined with other Travellers' groups to draw attention to the racism and prejudice experienced by their communities.
The NTWF's co-ordinator is Maria Joyce. In 2020, one of the group's active members, Eileen Flynn, was planning to run for the Seanad, having received a nomination from the Labour Party. She was appointed to the Senate by the Taoiseach, as an independent member, in June 2020. The Forum has called for the establishment of a permanent senator for Travellers in the Seanad.
After a case involving sexual abuse in a Traveller family over many years, the Forum and other Traveller women's advocacy groups highlighted the systemic failure of a number of state agencies that prolonged the abuse.
# Security Council of Japan

The Security Council (安全保障会議, Anzen-Hoshō-Kaigi) of Japan was the nine-person national security council which advises the prime minister on national security and the military and deals with a wide spectrum of issues which indirectly affect Japan's broader interests, including basic national defense policy, the National Defense Program Outline, the outline on coordinating industrial production and other matters related to the National Defense Program Outline, including decisions on diplomatic initiatives and defense operations.
Like its predecessor, the National Defense Council, the SC had problems with its mandate, structure, secretariat and functions, but it was considered an improvement for its ability to coordinate with parts of the Japanese governments by conducting half a dozen meetings frequently.

## History

It was created on July 1, 1986, to replace the NDC during Yasuhiro Nakasone's term as prime minister. The NDC acted as an advisory group on defense-related matters since 1956 and was plagued with shortcomings on managing daily defense issues and doing crisis management. Then Japanese National Security Advisor Yuriko Koike pointed out Japanese bureaucracy is an obstacle to have a robust security regime.
In January 2007, it was reported that a new national security body would be set up to eventually replace the SC with the aim of speeding up decision making on national security matters.
It was superseded by the Japanese National Security Council set up by Shinzo Abe in December 2013.

## Membership

The Security Council was presided over by the Prime Minister and includes the Ministers of State who were specified in advance under Article 9 of the Cabinet Law; the Foreign Minister, the Finance Minister, the Chief Cabinet Secretary, the Minister for Defense, the Chairman of the National Public Safety Commission, and the Director General of the Economic Planning Agency.
The Chairman of the Security Council may invite the Chairman of the Joint Staff Council or another relevant State Minister or Official to attend meetings.
# Sotirios Notaris (wrestler)

Sotirios Notaris (1896 – 1971) was a Greek wrestler. He competed in the Greco-Roman middleweight event at the 1920 Summer Olympics.
# Lexington–Fayette metropolitan area

The Lexington-Fayette metropolitan area is the 109th-largest metropolitan statistical area (MSA) in the United States. It was originally formed by the United States Census Bureau in 1950 and consisted solely of Fayette County until 1980, when surrounding counties saw increases in their population densities and the number of their residents employed within Lexington-Fayette, which led to them meeting Census criteria to be added to the MSA.
The Lexington-Fayette MSA is the primary MSA of the Lexington-Fayette–Richmond–Frankfort, KY combined statistical area which includes the Micropolitan Statistical Areas of Frankfort (Franklin and Anderson counties), Mount Sterling (Montgomery, Bath, and Menifee counties), and Richmond–Berea (Madison and Rockcastle counties). The Lexington-Fayette–Frankfort–Richmond, KY combined statistical area has a July 1, 2012 Census Bureau estimated population of 703,271.

## Demographics
### Cities

The following is a list of cities in the Lexington-Fayette metropolitan area with 2021 United States Census Bureau estimates of their population. Principal cities of the metropolitan area are considered by the Census Bureau to represent significant employment centers:
Principal city
* Lexington – 321,793
Municipalities with more than 10,000 people
* Georgetown – 37,730
* Nicholasville – 31,490
* Winchester – 19,071
* Versailles – 10,431
* Paris – 10,209
Municipalities with fewer than 10,000 people
* Wilmore – 6,027
* Midway – 1,690
* Stamping Ground – 796
* Millersburg – 744
* North Middletown – 603
* Sadieville – 326
* Corinth – 229

### Counties

| Geographic Area | 2020 census | 2010 census | 2000 census | 1990 census | 1980 census | 1970 census | 1960 census | 1950 census |
| Lexington-Fayette MSA | 516,811 | 472,099 | 408,326 | 348,428 | 317,629 | 174,323 | 131,906 | 100,746 |
| Bourbon County, Kentucky | 20,252 | 19,985 | 19,360 | 19,236 | 19,405 | 18,476¹ | 18,178¹ | 17,752¹ |
| Clark County, Kentucky | 36,972 | 35,613 | 33,144 | 29,496 | 28,322 | 24,090¹ | 21,075¹ | 18,898¹ |
| Fayette County, Kentucky | 322,570 | 295,803 | 260,512 | 225,366 | 204,165 | 174,323 | 131,906 | 100,746 |
| Jessamine County, Kentucky | 52,991 | 48,586 | 39,041 | 30,508 | 26,146 | 17,430¹ | 13,625¹ | 12,458¹ |
| Scott County, Kentucky | 57,155 | 47,173 | 33,061 | 23,867 | 21,813 | 19,948¹ | 15,376¹ | 15,141¹ |
| Woodford County, Kentucky | 26,871 | 24,939 | 23,208 | 19,955 | 17,778 | 14,434¹ | 11,913¹ | 11,212¹ |
* Populations are based on published estimates by the United States Bureau of the Census.
¹County was not a part of Lexington-Fayette MSA at the time of this Census and the county's population is not included in MSA total.