OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Vok Beverages

Vok Beverages is a drink manufacturer in South Australia.

## Earlier history

Before the acquisition by Bickford's of the brandname, Vok was a brand of a range of liqueurs manufactured by Jan Vok, a Dutch company, popular in Papua pre-war. Immediately after WWII sixteen flavours, from Advocaat to White Curaçao were being imported into Australia, and distributed by Stephen King Pty Ltd of Sydney.
An early marketing exercise by the company was the "Vok Thousand", an award of £1000 (one thousand pounds — the price of a mid-range car) to a Test cricketer, on the basis of points accumulated over the 1950–51 season. Len Hutton was the inaugural winner.
The company, which advertised prominently in the Dutch language Australia newspapers made the distinctive shape of its bottles a "selling point". The company was still advertising similar products in the "distinctive bottle" in November 1978.

## Drinks

* Vok Liqueurs
* Aqua Pura Water
* Bearded Lady Bourbon
* Beenleigh Rum
* Black Bottle Brandy
* Boronia marsala
* Cawsey's Grenadine
* El Toro
* Frigate Rum
* Galway Pipe port
* HI NRG Vodka & Energy Premix
* Infused Rush
* Inner Circle Rum
* Olympus Ouzo
* Real McCoy Bourbon
* Rebellion Bay Spiced Rum
* Three Oaks Cider
* TST Tolleys Brandy
* Vickers Gin
# The Fighting Skipper

The Fighting Skipper is a 1923 American adventure film serial directed by Francis Ford. The film is considered to be lost.

## Cast

* Peggy O'Day (as Skipper)
* Jack Perrin
* William White (as Bill White)
* Francis Ford
* Steve Murphy
# Volleyball America's Cup

The America's Cup was a continental cup in men's volleyball for North and South American nations organized by CSV and NORCECA with the first edition in 1998. It is no longer held since 2008.

## Results
### Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Brazil | 3 | 4 | 0 | 7 |
| 2 | Cuba | 2 | 1 | 3 | 6 |
| 3 | United States | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
| 4 | Argentina | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 5 | Venezuela | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (5 entries) | Totals (5 entries) | 7 | 7 | 7 | 21 |

## Details

| Team | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2005 | 2007 | 2008 | Total |
| Argentina | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | 3rd | 4th | 4th | 4th | 7 |
| Brazil | 1st | 1st | 2nd | 1st | 2nd | 2nd | 2nd | 7 |
| Canada | 6th | 5th | 5th | 6th | 5th | 5th | - | 6 |
| Cuba | 3rd | 4th | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 3rd | 1st | 7 |
| Dominican Republic | - | - | - | - | - | 6th | - | 1 |
| Mexico | - | - | - | - | - | - | 6th | 1 |
| United States | 4th | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | 1st | 1st | 5th | 7 |
| Venezuela | 5th | 6th | 6th | 5th | 6th | - | 3rd | 6 |
# Taxation in the Faroe Islands

Taxation in the Faroe Islands has differed from the taxes in Denmark since home rule was granted in 1948. This gives the Faroe Islands control over their own taxes.

## Income taxation

All citizens of the Faroe Islands are subject to personal taxation. The government tax rate on incomes up to DKK 500,000 is 20%. Incomes higher than this pay a fixed amount, always resulting in a higher percentage. There are multiple tax deductions in the Faroes. This includes a 14% deduction for fishermen. However, this is limited to 14% of DKK 470,000 corresponding to a maximum annual deduction of DKK 65,800. A deduction for foreign workers also exists, and this deduction can be as high as 30%. Deductions are also available to students and parents.

## VAT and business taxes

The VAT or Value Added Tax, is a tax on imports and sales paid to the Faroese treasury. The VAT is deductible for income purposes. Companies that don't pay a VAT must pay an employer's tax. The corporate tax rate in the Faroe Islands stands at 18%.

## Tax administration

Citizens subject to taxation use the calendar year as the income tax/fiscal year. Generally, the income period for companies follows the accounting year, which has to be no longer than 12 months. However, the first accounting year can vary from 6 to 18 months.
# 1989 Tennent's Sixes

The 1989 Tennents' Sixes was the sixth staging of the indoor 6-a-side football tournament. For the fourth time it was held at the Scottish Exhibition and Conference Centre (SECC) in Glasgow on 22 and 23 January.
The format had been reverted to 2 groups of five as the number of Premier Division clubs had been reduced to 10 at the start of the 1988–89 season and all the clubs from the tier competed.
The two group winners and runners-up qualified to the semi-finals which included the Old Firm playing together and Rangers beat Motherwell 2–1 in the final to win their second Sixes title.

## Group 1

| Team | Pld | W | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| Celtic | 4 | 3 | 1 | 12 | 9 | 3 | 6 |
| St Mirren | 4 | 3 | 1 | 9 | 6 | 3 | 6 |
| Hamilton Academical | 4 | 2 | 2 | 13 | 7 | 6 | 4 |
| Dundee | 4 | 2 | 2 | 8 | 13 | -5 | 4 |
| Aberdeen | 4 | 0 | 4 | 7 | 14 | -7 | 0 |
| Home Team | Score | Away Team | Date |
| Celtic | 3–3 | Dundee | 22 January 1989 |
| Hamilton Academical | 4–2 | Aberdeen | 22 January 1989 |
| Dundee | 2–1 | St Mirren | 22 January 1989 |
| Celtic | 2–1 | Hamilton Academical | 22 January 1989 |
| St Mirren | 3–1 | Aberdeen | 22 January 1989 |
| Hamilton Academical | 7–1 | Dundee | 22 January 1989 |
| Celtic | 5–2 | Aberdeen | 22 January 1989 |
| St Mirren | 2–1 | Hamilton Academical | 22 January 1989 |
| Dundee | 2–2 | Aberdeen | 23 January 1989 |
| St Mirren | 1–0 | Celtic | 23 January 1989 |

## Group 2

| Team | Pld | W | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| Motherwell | 4 | 3 | 1 | 9 | 6 | 3 | 6 |
| Rangers | 4 | 3 | 1 | 7 | 6 | 1 | 6 |
| Hibernian | 4 | 2 | 2 | 9 | 8 | 1 | 4 |
| Dundee United | 4 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 8 | -2 | 2 |
| Heart of Midlothian | 4 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 7 | -3 | 2 |
| Home Team | Score | Away Team | Date |
| Hibernian | 3–1 | Dundee United | 22 January 1989 |
| Heart of Midlothian | 1–1 | Motherwell | 22 January 1989 |
| Rangers | 2–2 | Dundee United | 22 January 1989 |
| Hibernian | 2–2 | Heart of Midlothian | 22 January 1989 |
| Motherwell | 2–1 | Dundee United | 22 January 1989 |
| Rangers | 2–1 | Hibernian | 22 January 1989 |
| Dundee United | 2–1 | Heart of Midlothian | 22 January 1989 |
| Motherwell | 3–1 | Rangers | 22 January 1989 |
| Motherwell | 3–3 | Hibernian | 23 January 1989 |
| Rangers | 2–0 | Heart of Midlothian | 23 January 1989 |

## Final

Rangers beat Motherwell to win the tournament again.

## Incidents and events

* Keith (Highland League Cup holders) played Coatbridge Amateurs (Scottish Amateur Cup holders) in a specially arranged challenge match before the final.
# Alcohol enema

An alcohol enema, also known colloquially as butt-chugging or boofing, is the act of introducing alcohol into the rectum and colon via the anus, i.e., as an enema. This method of alcohol consumption can be dangerous and even deadly because it leads to faster intoxication than drinking since the alcohol is absorbed directly into the bloodstream and bypasses the body's ability to reject the toxin by vomiting.

## Administration

Two reported techniques specific to alcohol enemas are by inserting into the rectum either an alcohol-soaked tampon or tubing connected to a funnel into which alcohol is poured, known as a beer bong.
Enema bags of the sort used medically, e.g., to remedy constipation, are also employed.

## Effects and dangers

Compared to drinking, alcohol intoxication begins far more quickly upon rectal consumption since the alcohol is absorbed directly into the bloodstream. The lower gastrointestinal tract lacks the alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme present in the stomach and liver that breaks down ethanol into acetylaldehyde. Acetaldehyde is more toxic than ethanol and is the primary cause of many chronic effects associated with alcohol consumption. When rectally absorbed, ethanol will still eventually arrive at the liver, but the high alcohol content could overwhelm the organ. Additionally, consuming the alcohol rectally neutralizes the body's ability to reject the toxin by vomiting.

## Native American ritual usages

The Maya ritually administered enemas of alcohol as an entheogen, sometimes adding other psychoactive substances, seeking to reach a state of ecstasy. Syringes of gourd and clay were used to inject the fluid.

## Incidents

In May 2004, a 58-year-old man of Lake Jackson, Texas died after his wife administered an alcohol enema. In total, the man is thought to have been given at least three liters of sherry (containing at least 45 cL alcohol). He suffered from alcoholism and had difficulty ingesting alcohol orally because of a painful throat ailment. His wife was indicted on a charge of negligent homicide. In August 2007, prosecutors dropped the charges due to insufficient evidence.
An enema bag filled with white wine and taken as a self-administered enema killed a 52-year-old man with klismaphilia. He was found dead with the nozzle still inserted in his anus and connected to an enema bag that hung from a coat rack next to his bed.
# Manharan Lal Pandey

Manharan Lal Pandey (27 October 1938 - 21 January 2013) was an Indian Politician and Member of Parliament representing Janjgir constituency of Madhya Pradesh (now in Chhattisgarh) in 11th Lok Sabha. He was a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party.

## Career

Pandey was first elected to Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly in 1967 from Takhatpur on Jan Sangh ticket and became Minister of State for Electricity. In 1972 Election, he lost the seat to Congress Party but won 1977 election on Janata Party ticket and became Minister of State in Kailash Chandra Joshi and Virendra Kumar Sakhlecha ministry. Again, he lost 1980 election but won 1985, 1990 and 1993 election consecutively. He was elected to 11th Lok Sabha in 1996 but lost 1998 General election to Charan Das Mahant of Congress by margin of 44,586 votes.
# Battle of Las Taironas

The Battle of Las Taironas was a battle of the Cuban War of Independence that took place on January 17, 1896 at Pinar del Río between Cuban forces led by Major General Antonio Maceo and the Spanish led by lieutenant colonel Ulpiano Sanchez Echevarria who was a Cuban native.

## Background

Within the period of the Invasion from East to West in Cuba, Antonio Maceo; After separating from Máximo Gómez in La Habana Province, he continued his march to the westernmost end of the province of Pinar del Río with the aim of reaching the end of the invasion. After a series of defeats, the Spanish command, led by Arsenio Martínez Campos, sought one last action to stop Maceo, an occasion that appeared in the town of Las Taironas.

## The Battle

During the course of the battle , the Spanish hosts were repelled, leaving, in a field covered with dead and wounded and the Mambi troops opening the doors for the end of the invasion. The Cuban revolutionaries suffered a major loss during the fighting however as Dr. Federico de la Torre y Latte was killed in action.

## Aftermath

The Cuban rebels captured 45 mules from the Spanish. As a result of this failure, which together with the arrival of Maceo to Guane on January 22, 1896, Captain General Martínez Campos was forced to submit his resignation.
# Atypical gender identities

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#REDIRECT Gender nonconformity
# Melingoi

The Melingoi or Milingoi (Greek: Μηλιγγοί) were a Slavic tribe that settled in the Peloponnese in southern Greece during the Middle Ages. In the early decades of the 7th century, Slavic tribes (Sclaveni) settled throughout the Balkans following the collapse of the Byzantine Empire's defense of the Danube frontier with some groups reaching as far south as the Peloponnese. The Sclaveni often settled in small groups (i.e., families and clans) and their demographic impact in mainland Greece was both weak and diffuse. Of these, two groups are known by name from later sources, the Melingoi and the Ezeritai, of whom the Melingoi settled on the western slopes of Mount Taygetos. The origin and etymology of the name Melingoi is unknown.

## Etymology

Their name probably derives from Slavic adjective "*milъ" (sweet). Slavic form of their name possibly sounded like "*Milenьki > *Milenьci", and some scholars related it to the early Slavic tribe of Milceni.

## History

Like the Ezeritai, the Melingoi are first mentioned in the De administrando imperio, a manual on statecraft written by the Byzantine emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos (r. 913–959). The emperor records that in his time they paid a tribute of 60 gold nomismata, but that after they had revolted and been defeated, in the reign of Romanos I Lekapenos (r. 920–945), by the strategos Krinites Arotras, they had to pay 600 nomismata. Under Byzantine rule, the Melingoi retained an autonomous existence, but adopted Christianity and became Hellenized in language and culture.
During the period of Frankish rule in the 13th–14th centuries, they were employed by both the Frankish lords of the Principality of Achaea and by the Byzantine Greeks of the Despotate of the Morea as soldiers. For instance, according to the Chronicle of the Morea, Prince William II of Villehardouin (r. 1246–1278) awarded to the "great droungos of the Melingoi" exemption from all duties except military service. The Melingoi are still attested during the 1330s in a number of founder's inscriptions attached to churches in Laconia. One of them, Constantine Spanes, from the notable Spanes family, is called "tzaousios of the droungos of the Melingoi", implying its continued existence as a separate community. N. Nicoloudis identifies the late medieval thema of Kinsterna or Giserna (from Latin: cisterna, "cistern") with the area of the Melingoi in the northwestern Mani peninsula. While the elite of the Melingoi was rich and exposed to Byzantine and Frankish influence, the ordinary pastoralist hillman remained more conservative and secluded. Their Slavic language was still spoken as late as the 15th century, when the traveller Laskaris Kananos claimed that their tongue resembled that of the Wends. Many Slavic placenames have been preserved to this day.
# 1821 in Norway

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
Events in the year 1821 in Norway.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Charles III John.

## Events

* 1 August - The Nobility of Norway is abolished.
* Fredrik Meltzer designs the modern flag of Norway to replace the modified Danish and Swedish flags then in use.
* Thomas Fasting became the first individual ever convicted in an impeachment trial by the Norwegian Constitutional Court of the Realm (Riksrett).

## Births

* 18 January – Minna Wetlesen, educator (died 1891).
* 2 May – Jens Andreas Friis, linguist and author (d.1896)
* 14 July – Jens Holmboe, politician and Minister (d.1891)
* 17 August – Jacob Andreas Michelsen, businessperson and politician (d.1902)
* 23 August – Christian Collett Kjerschow, politician (d.1889)
* 24 October – James DeNoon Reymert, newspaper editor, mine operator, lawyer and politician (d.1896)
* 18 November – Johan Jørgen Lange Hanssen, politician (d.1889)

### Full date unknown

* Eilev Jonsson Steintjønndalen, Hardanger fiddle maker (d.1876)

## Deaths

* 14 January – Jens Zetlitz, priest and poet (b.1761)
* 5 March – Gabriel Schanche Kielland, businessman and ship owner (b.1760)
* 20 May – Abraham Pihl, clergyman, astronomer and architect (b.1756).
* 21 November – Jonas Rein, priest, poet and member of the Norwegian Constituent Assembly at Eidsvoll (b.1760)
# Baltimore Hebrew University

Baltimore Hebrew University was founded as Baltimore Hebrew College and Teachers Training School in 1919 to promote Jewish scholarship and academic excellence. It was the only institution of higher learning in Maryland devoted solely to all aspects of Judaic and Hebraic studies. Located in the northwest, Park Heights neighborhood of Baltimore, BHU conferred degrees up to the doctorate level. Though small in size, with classes having between 8 and 25 students, it had strong ties to the community and to several other local colleges and universities.
Baltimore Hebrew University merged with Towson University, officially becoming the Baltimore Hebrew Institute, in 2009. The entire BHU library is now housed at TU's Albert S. Cook Library, including special collections of rare books, Yizkor books, a collection of items related to Jewish cultural reconstruction, and testimonies from survivors of the Holocaust. The BHU building on Park Heights Avenue was demolished in October 2009.

## Notable faculty and alumni

* Robert Freedman
* Jon S. Cardin
* Joseph M. Baumgarten
* Barry Freundel
* Steven Fine
* Eli Velder
# 1990 Tennent's Sixes

The 1990 Tennents' Sixes was the seventh staging of the indoor 6-a-side football tournament. For the fifth time it was held at the Scottish Exhibition and Conference Centre (SECC) in Glasgow on 28 and 29 January with a first prize of £16,000.
All clubs in the 1989–90 Premier Division season competed and the two group winners and runners-up qualified to the semi-finals. Both semi-final ties were decided on penalties and Hibernian beat St Mirren 2–0 in the final to win their first Sixes title.

## Group 1

| Team | Pld | W | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| Hibernian | 4 | 4 | 0 | 9 | 1 | 8 | 8 |
| St Mirren | 4 | 3 | 1 | 9 | 7 | 2 | 6 |
| Rangers | 4 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 7 | -3 | 4 |
| Dundee | 4 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 5 | -2 | 2 |
| Dundee United | 4 | 0 | 4 | 7 | 13 | -6 | 0 |
| Home Team | Score | Away Team | Date |
| Rangers | 0–0 | Dundee | 28 January 1990 |
| St Mirren | 3–3 | Dundee United | 28 January 1990 |
| Hibernian | 0–0 | Rangers | 28 January 1990 |
| St Mirren | 1–0 | Dundee | 28 January 1990 |
| Hibernian | 5–1 | Dundee United | 28 January 1990 |
| St Mirren | 5–2 | Rangers | 28 January 1990 |
| Dundee | 3–1 | Dundee United | 28 January 1990 |
| Hibernian | 2–0 | St Mirren | 28 January 1990 |
| Hibernian | 2–0 | Dundee | 29 January 1990 |
| Rangers | 2–2 | Dundee United | 29 January 1990 |

## Group 2

| Team | Pld | W | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| Motherwell | 4 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 6 |
| Heart of Midlothian | 4 | 2 | 2 | 15 | 5 | 10 | 4 |
| Aberdeen | 4 | 2 | 2 | 11 | 8 | 3 | 4 |
| Celtic | 4 | 2 | 2 | 7 | 10 | -3 | 4 |
| Dunfermline Athletic | 4 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 15 | -11 | 2 |
| Home Team | Score | Away Team | Date |
| Aberdeen | 4–2 | Heart of Midlothian | 28 January 1990 |
| Motherwell | 3–0 | Dunfermline Athletic | 28 January 1990 |
| Heart of Midlothian | 5–0 | Celtic | 28 January 1990 |
| Dunfermline Athletic | 3–2 | Aberdeen | 28 January 1990 |
| Motherwell | 1–1 | Heart of Midlothian | 28 January 1990 |
| Celtic | 3–3 | Aberdeen | 28 January 1990 |
| Heart of Midlothian | 7–0 | Dunfermline Athletic | 28 January 1990 |
| Motherwell | 1–1 | Celtic | 28 January 1990 |
| Celtic | 3–1 | Dunfermline Athletic | 29 January 1990 |
| Aberdeen | 2–0 | Motherwell | 29 January 1990 |

## Final

Hibs beat St Mirren to win the tournament for the only time.

## Prize money

A breakdown of the prize money from the tournament sponsors.
| Prize money | Amount |
| Tournament participation | £12,000 |
| Losing semi-finalists | £1,000 |
| Losing finalists | £2,000 |
| Tournament winners | £4,000 |
| Highest scoring team | £2,000 |

## Incidents and events

* John Robertson of Hearts' goal against Dunfermline was the 600th goal scored in the tournament's history.
* Hearts 7 goal to 0 victory was the equal largest margin of victory in the competition's history.
* Peterhead (Highland League Cup holders) played Norton House (Scottish Amateur Cup holders) in specially arranged challenge match before the final.
* Rangers breached tournament rules again by fielding a weakened team. The rules declared all teams must include first team players, but Rangers only selected a total of four.
# The Hidden Frontier

The Hidden Frontier: Ecology and Ethnicity in an Alpine Valley is a classic study of ethnography, published in 1974 by John W. Cole and Eric R. Wolf.
The authors studied two Alpine villages in the Non Valley of the Tyrol region, St. Felix and Tret (part of Fondo municipality), only a mile apart and showed that in spite of identical ecological conditions, there were significant cultural differences, one village being German-speaking and the other Italian-speaking, so that the same physical environment was cast in terms of distinct cultural worlds in either village. Comparison of the two villages showed a clear cultural boundary, in effect that between Germanic Europe and Romance Europe along the southern, alpine boundary of German-speaking Europe. The German-speaking village St. Felix had the characteristic structure of a dispersed settlement (Streusiedlung) while the Italian-speaking settlement Tret had a clear nucleus. The authors trace the history of the region through the Middle Ages and down to the current inhabitants and their culture. For the German Tyroleans, the social center is the Hof, the individual estate and its land, ideally passed down the generations by impartible inheritance to the eldest son. For their Italian-speaking neighbors, the center of attention is not the land but the community, not just the village center but by extension also the nearby city, and the land tended to be divided equally among heirs.
The study followed an earlier report by Wolf (1962) on his study of the two villages. In the earlier study, Wolf argued for the primacy of culture over environmental constraints, in this case reflecting two distinct and deeply rooted cultural heritages, in the case of the German speakers of the Germanic migration period system of autarky of each family household, in the case of the Italian speakers the Mediterranean civilization inherited from the Roman Empire, where rural communities are culturally dominated by the urban centers on the coasts. The 1974 modified these conclusions, as it became apparent that while the division in the cultural ideals was indeed clear-cut between the villages, in reality the estates in both communities were kept at the same optimized sizes, showing that while cultural differences persisted for centuries even in close proximity, significantly affecting the political sphere, the necessities of the environmental conditions still dictated the same strategies for either community.

## Editions

* John W. Cole, Eric R. Wolf, The Hidden Frontier: Ecology and Ethnicity in an Alpine Valley, New York: Academic Press, 1974.
* republished with a new introduction by Eric Wolf, 1999, University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520216815.
# 1898 Algerian riots

The Anti-Jewish Riots of 1898 in Algeria were a series of violent attacks against the Jewish community in Algeria, French North Africa, that occurred from January 18 to 24, 1898. The riots were sparked by the release of Alfred Dreyfus, a Jewish French officer who had been falsely convicted of treason. Riots occurred in Algiers, Mostaganem, Si-Mustapha, Boufarik, and Blida.
* Great Synagogue of Algiers protected during the riots
* 1898 report on the anti-Jewish riot in Algeria
# Jackman Music Corporation

Jackman Music is a sheet music publishing company that is based in Bountiful, Utah. They specialize in publishing Latter-day Saint themed religious music for choirs, pianists, organists, and a variety of instrumentalists.
Jackman Music was founded by Jerry and Carole Jackman in 1975 and has since grown to become the leading publisher of LDS print music, publishing over 1800 individual titles.
# Death by Dialogue

Death by Dialogue is a 1988 horror film co-written and directed by Thomas Dewier and distributed by Troma Entertainment.

## Plot

The plot centers on a group of college students who go up to a typically creepy mansion for spring break. Unfortunately for all, they stumble upon a possessed horror novel, whose story suddenly starts happening in the real world...with deadly results.