OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Unicob

UniCOB simply written as Unicob is a Sri Lankan 4x4 Mine-Resistant Ambush Protected Vehicle (MRAPV) produced by the Sri Lanka Electrical and Mechanical Engineers.

## History

Unicob began manufacturing in 2021 and was first publicly unveiled in February 2022 during Independence Day celebrations.
Initially, it is planned to produce ten units. But a demand for around fifty vehicles is expected.

## Design

The Unicob is a 4x4 vehicle with a capacity for 9 including driver, gunner and commander designed to withstand mines and small arms fire. Units are equipped with an all direction surveillance system and field to command real-time communication and monitoring capability as well as a fully air conditioned crew cabin. As it is designed to make use of locally available spare parts, it has much lower production and maintenance costs compared to imported equivalents.
It is armed with a turret for a 12.7mm machine gun. The vehicle is capable of handling disaster relief and MEDEVAC operations.
# Rachel Stephen-Smith

Rachel Stephen-Smith (born 1971) is an Australian politician. She has been a Labor member of the Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly since 2016, representing the electorate of Kurrajong.

## Early life and education

Stephen-Smith grew up in O'Connor in Canberra's inner-north and attended local schools such as Lyneham High. Following school, Stephen-Smith attended the Australian National University and studied economics.

## Career

Stephen-Smith previously worked as a senior public servant in the Australian Capital Territory public service, the Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet and as a Chief of Staff to Senator Kim Carr. Stephen-Smith has also worked in Washington DC at the Australian Embassy.
Following her election, Stephen-Smith was immediately appointed to cabinet, holding the following portfolios: Community Services and Social Inclusion; Disability, Children and Youth; Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Affairs; Multicultural Affairs; and Workplace Safety and Industrial Relations.
After a Cabinet reshuffle in August 2018, Stephen-Smith lost the Multicultural Affairs and Community Services portfolios to new Cabinet member Chris Steel, gaining the Government Services and Procurement and Urban Renewal portfolios. In July 2019, Stephen-Smith gained the Health portfolio from Meegan Fitzharris who resigned from the Cabinet, but due to the increase of workload, she later relinquished the Disability and Workplace Safety portfolios to Suzanne Orr in August 2019.
# Dhiraj Bora

Dhiraj Bora (30 September 1951 – 19 June 2021) was an Indian physicist, educationist and professor. Bora, known as a plasma scientist, was a former director of the Institute of Plasma Research located in Gandhinagar, Gujarat. He was the chief scientist of the ITER – India. He won the Kamal Kumari National Award in 2012 in recognition of his contribution to the field of science. In 2016 he was elected as the vice-chancellor of Assam Science and Technology University and held the post until his death. He died on 19 June 2021.

## Early life and education

Dhiraj Bara was born in Guwahati on 30 September 1951. His father was Lalit Chandra Bora and mother Kusum Bora. He was educated at Senikuthi Primary School in Guwahati. He was then educated at Manik Chandra Barua ME School. He then joined Cotton Collegiate School but got a scholarship from the Government of India and enrolled in the Daly College in Indore, Madhya Pradesh in class VII. After completing class XII in 1968, he enrolled in St. Stephen's College, Delhi University and graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree. In 1975, he received a Master's degree in Experimental Physics from People's Friendship University, Moscow, Russia. He then received his PhD. in 1979 from the Physical Research Laboratory, Gujarat University.
# The Man in the Sombrero

The Man in the Sombrero is a 1916 American silent short romantic drama written and directed by Tom Ricketts. The film features Harold Lockwood and May Allison.

## Cast

* Harold Lockwood
* May Allison
* William Stowell
* Harry von Meter
# Velké Heraltice

Velké Heraltice (German: Großherrlitz) is a municipality and village in Opava District in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,600 inhabitants.

## Administrative division

Velké Heraltice consists of five municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
* Velké Heraltice (986)
* Košetice (75)
* Malé Heraltice (189)
* Sádek (254)
* Tábor (77)

## Geography

Velké Heraltice is located about 12 kilometres (7 mi) northwest of Opava and 38 km (24 mi) northwest of Ostrava. It lies in the Nízký Jeseník range. The highest point is the Skalka hill at 506 m (1,660 ft) above sea level. The stream Heraltický potok flows through the municipality.

## History

The first written mention of Velké Heraltice is from 1265. Until 1525, it was owned by various less important noble families. From 1525 to 1595, the estate was owned by the Bruntálský of Vrbno family, then the owners often changed. In 1694–1767, Velké Heraltice was a property of the Cistercian monastery in Velehrad. In 1767, the estate was acquired again by the Bruntálský of Vrbno family.
In 1810, Velké Heraltice was bought by Count Mitrovský of Nemyšl. In 1849–1854, the Kinsky family held the estate. The last noble owners were the Counts of Bellegarde.

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1869 | 2,494 | — |
| 1880 | 2,611 | +4.7% |
| 1890 | 2,583 | −1.1% |
| 1900 | 2,472 | −4.3% |
| 1910 | 2,396 | −3.1% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1921 | 2,345 | −2.1% |
| 1930 | 2,297 | −2.0% |
| 1950 | 1,511 | −34.2% |
| 1961 | 1,723 | +14.0% |
| 1970 | 1,592 | −7.6% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1980 | 1,717 | +7.9% |
| 1991 | 1,607 | −6.4% |
| 2001 | 1,611 | +0.2% |
| 2011 | 1,611 | +0.0% |
| 2021 | 1,581 | −1.9% |
Source: Censuses :

## Transport

The I/11 road (the section from Opava to Bruntál) passes through the municipality.

## Sights

The most important monument is the Velké Heraltice Castle. It had a complicated construction development. It was originally a Gothic castle from the 13th century, which was rebuilt into a Renaissance resident at the end of the 16th century. In the following centuries, significant Baroque reconstructions took place. The landscape park next to the castle was founded around 1830 and the orangery was built. Today the castle building houses a secondary school and children's home.
The Church of the Immaculate Conception was built in the Baroque style in 1751. The church complex, surrounded by a stone wall, includes a morgue, the Chapel of Our Lady of the Sorrows from the 18th century and the rectory from the 19th century.
The Church of Saint Bartholomew is located in Malé Heraltice. It is a Baroque church dating from 1769.
The Church of the Visitation of the Virgin Mary is located in Košetice. It was built in the Baroque style in 1770.
The Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary is located in Sádek. It was built in 1865.
# Halone sejuncta

Halone sejuncta, the variable halone, is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae first described by Rudolf Felder and Alois Friedrich Rogenhofer in 1875. It is found in Australia in Queensland, New South Wales, the Australian Capital Territory, Victoria, Tasmania and South Australia.
The forewings are dark brown with two ragged white bands.
# Ira De Ment

Ira De Ment (December 21, 1931 – July 16, 2011) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Middle District of Alabama.

## Education and military service

De Ment was born on December 21, 1931, in Birmingham, Alabama. De Ment attended Phillips High School in Birmingham in 1945 and graduated in 1949. After his graduation, he attended Marion Military Institute as a military student and graduated in 1951. De Ment received a Bachelor of Science degree from the University of Alabama in 1953 and after graduating from the University of Alabama, De Ment served in the United States Army Infantry in Germany from 1953 to 1955, and in the United States Army Reserve and then the United States Air Force Reserve until 1989. He rose to the rank of major general and was awarded the Air Force Distinguished Service Medal. He previously had received the Legion of Merit. He attended the University of Alabama School of Law and received a Juris Doctor in 1958.

## Legal career

De Ment was a law clerk for Justice Pelham J. Merrill of the Supreme Court of Alabama from 1958 to 1959, when he briefly served as an assistant state attorney general of Alabama, and then as an Assistant United States Attorney of the Middle District of Alabama from 1959 to 1961. He was in private practice in Montgomery, Alabama from 1961 to 1969, working as an assistant city attorney for the City of Montgomery, Alabama from 1965 to 1969. He was the United States Attorney for the Middle District of Alabama from 1969 to 1977, returning to private practice in Montgomery until 1992. He was a special counsel to Alabama Governor Fob James from 1980 to 1982, to Governor George C. Wallace from 1983 to 1986, and to Governor Guy Hunt from 1987 to 1988, and in 1991. He was the Chief Judge of the Wake Island Court of Appeals from 1985 to 1992.

## Federal judicial service and death

On November 14, 1991, De Ment was nominated by President George H. W. Bush to a seat on the United States District Court for the Middle District of Alabama vacated by Judge Truman McGill Hobbs. De Ment was confirmed by the United States Senate on March 13, 1992, and received his commission on March 18, 1992. He assumed senior status on April 15, 2002. On July 17, 2011, he died of the effects of Parkinson's disease.
# Schwarzschild criterion

Discovered by Martin Schwarzschild, the Schwarzschild criterion is a criterion in astrophysics where a stellar medium is stable against convection when the rate of change in temperature (T) by altitude (Z) satisfies
    $-{\frac {dT}{dZ}}<{\frac {g}{C_{p}}}$
where $g$ is gravity and $C_{p}$ is the heat capacity at constant pressure.
If a gas is unstable against convection then if an element is displaced upwards its buoyancy will cause it to keep rising or, if it is displaced downwards, it is denser than its surroundings and will continue to sink. Therefore, the Schwarzschild criterion dictates whether an element of a star will rise or sink if displaced by random fluctuations within the star or if the forces the element experiences will return it to its original position.
For the Schwarzschild criterion to hold the displaced element must have a bulk velocity which is highly subsonic. If this is the case then the time over which the pressures surrounding the element changes is much longer than the time it takes for a sound wave to travel through the element and smooth out pressure differences between the element and its surroundings. If this were not the case the element would not hold together as it traveled through the star.
In order to keep rising or sinking in the star the displaced element must not be able to become the same density as the gas surrounding it. In other words, it must respond adiabatically to its surroundings. In order for this to be true it must move fast enough for there to be insufficient time for the element to exchange heat with its surroundings.
De Schwarzschild criterion is often written as
    $\left|{\frac {dT(r)}{dr}}\right|_{\text{ad}}<\left|{\frac {dT(r)}{dr}}\right|_{\text{rad}},$
which indicates that convection takes place whenever the adiabatic temperature gradient is less steep than the radiative temperature gradient (both gradients are usually negative). Stellar-structure models indicate that the two gradients are seldom of the same order of magnitude, so that the smaller can usually be neglected, even if both are always present.
# David Melrose

David Melrose (born 2 March 1966) is a Scottish wheelchair curler. He competed for Great Britain at the 2022 Winter Paralympics.

## Teams

| Season | Skip | Third | Second | Lead | Alternate | Coach | Events |
| 2016–17 | Stewart Pimblett | Gary Logan | David Melrose | Christine Warwick | | | SWhCC 2017 (7th) |
| 2018–19 | Aileen Neilson | Hugh Nibloe | Robert McPherson | David Melrose | Gary Logan | Sheila Swan | WWhCC 2019 |
| 2021–22 | Hugh Nibloe | Gregor Ewan | David Melrose | Meggan Dawson-Farrell | Charlotte McKenna | Sheila Swan | WWhCC 2021 (6th) |
| 2021–22 | Gregor Ewan (fourth) | Hugh Nibloe (skip) | David Melrose | Meggan Dawson-Farrell | Gary Smith | Sheila Swan | WPG 2022 (8th) |

### Mixed doubles

| Season | Female | Male | Coach | Events |
| 2022–23 | Charlotte McKenna | David Melrose | Robin Brydone, Kenny More | WWhMDCC 2023 (8th) |
# Geoffrey J. D. Hewings

Geoffrey J.D. Hewings (born 1943) is Professor of Geography and Regional Science, of Economics, of Urban and Regional Planning at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States. He is also the Director of the Regional Economics Applications Laboratory.

## Sources

* http://www.real.uiuc.edu/
* http://www.igpa.uiuc.edu
# Persistent Chat

Persistent Chat is a messaging concept for group chat software that consists of standing, topic-based chatrooms with an emphasis on real-time messaging, that preserves conversation history over time which is visible to both current and future participants. This form of messaging was adopted by many organizations in regulated industries, to ensure compliance and was popular with the major financial centers around the world.

## History

The Persistent Chat feature was first introduced in Microsoft Lync 2013 as a group chat offering that allows teams to create topic-focused discussions. However, in the past it has been labeled as Group Chat, MindAlign Group Chat by Parlano was created in 2000 and was later acquired by Microsoft in 2007. MindAlign provides an IRC like chatroom experience where topical chatrooms can be looked back through. Since then the Group Chat feature has surfaced in Microsoft's Office Communications Server 2007 R2 which later became Lync 2010 before the term Persistent Chat was finally introduced in Microsoft Lync 2013 (now known as Skype for Business).

## Use cases

According to Microsoft, persistent chat rooms should be considered for the following use cases: “Coordinate events, create ask-the-expert and Q&A forums, Brainstorm, create a bulletin-board environment for evolving topics, collect feedback from colleagues and test new features, and share information among employees across different working hours and locations.” Before the introduction of the Persistent Chat feature in Microsoft's Unified Communications products, it was used by the financial services sector to “keep client banks up-to-the-minute on changes” in the foreign exchange market.

## Persistent Chat today

Most chat applications' conversation history persists today and is usually not referred to as ‘Persistent Chat’ but rather as ‘Chat History’ from consumer applications, like WhatsApp, to enterprise applications, like Slack or Microsoft Teams, each of these applications features chat history. As such persisting chat history has become somewhat of a norm in messaging applications.

## Chat that persists versus Persistent Chat

Although the use of the term ‘Persistent Chat’ is not commonly used in most applications, Persistent Chat differs from applications that support conversation or chat history regarding the original use case the technology was built for. Along with conversation history that persists over time, historically MindAlign (Persistent Chat) was and is still used as an always-on communication channel "for conducting ongoing business-critical conversations" that are often transactional, specifically in the financial services sector.
# NTV (India)

NTV is an Indian Telugu-language news channel established by Tummala Narendra Choudary on 30 August 2007. The channel is named after the founder Narendra Choudary who also serves as its chairman while his wife Tummala Rama Devi is the managing director. NTV's parent company is Rachana Television Pvt. Ltd (RTPL). RTPL also owns the devotional channel Bhakthi TV and women-focused channel Vanitha TV.
As per Media Ownership Monitor 2018, Narendra Choudary and family own 66.2% of RTPL, while P. P. Reddy, the founder and chairman of Megha Engineering Infrastructure Limited (MEIL) owns 22.8% of the company, and Jupally Rameswar Rao, chairman of My Home Group owns 11%.

## History

NTV was launched by Tummala Narendra Choudary as a 24x7 Telugu-language news channel on 30 August 2007. The tagline of the channel is Prathi Kshaṇam Praja Hitham. The channel became popular for the accurate estimation of election results.

## Ownership

NTV's parent company is Rachana Television Pvt. Ltd (RTPL). Rachana also owns devotional channel Bhakthi TV and women-focused channel Vanitha TV. RTPL was incorporated in 2006. The company management (Narendra Choudary and family) also has interests in publishing (Rachana Publishers Private Limited), Infrastructure Development (Sri Rachana Infra Developers, and Sunshine Infraholdings), etc.
Megha Engineering & Infrastructure Ltd (MEIL) held 26% of the shareholding in RTPL in 2012-13 and 24% in 2013–14. The promoter, Narendra Choudary, held 69% in 2012-13 and 68% in 2013–14.
As per Media Ownership Monitor 2018, Narendra Choudary and family own 66.2% of RTPL, while P. P. Reddy, the founder and chairman of Megha Engineering Infrastructure Limited (MEIL) owns 22.8% of the company, and Jupally Rameswar Rao, chairman of My Home Group owns 11%.

## Availability

The channel's live video feed is also streamed on its website NTVTelugu.com and YouTube.
# Jeremy McKenzie

Jeremy McKenzie (born 23 April 1905, date of death unknown) was a Guyanese cricketer. He played in four first-class matches for British Guiana in 1928/29 and 1929/30.
# Anthony Sullivan (pitchman)

Anthony Sullivan is a British producer and pitchman of media shopping in the United States, best known for his work in television commercials. He is the founder and CEO of Sullivan Productions, Inc. which produces commercial spots for brands such as OxiClean, Nutrisystem and Arm & Hammer.

## Early life and career

In the early 1990s, Sullivan moved to the United States and teamed up with a manufacturing company to create the "Smart Mop". A few years later, he debuted it on HSN, where he met his future business partner and friend Billy Mays. In the mid-1990s, HSN hired Sullivan as a network show host. In 1998, he left HSN and formed Sullivan Productions in Tampa, Florida.

## Career
### PitchMen

Sullivan starred in a Discovery Channel reality series, PitchMen. In the first season, he co-starred alongside Billy Mays. Following Mays' death in 2009, Sullivan became the sole star in season two (as well as a spokesperson for OxiClean line of products from Church & Dwight). The show follows how new products are selected by the firm in association with DRTV company Telebrands and its CEO, A. J. Khubani, the products' origins and their inventors, and the production of the advertising.
Sullivan and Mays appeared on the 23 June 2009 episode of The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien, which aired five days before Mays' death.
# Joseph A. Diclerico Jr.

Joseph Anthony Diclerico Jr. (January 30, 1941 – April 2, 2022) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of New Hampshire.

## Education and career

Born in Lynn, Massachusetts, Diclerico received a Bachelor of Arts from Williams College in 1963 and a Bachelor of Laws from Yale Law School in 1966. He was a law clerk to Judge Aloysius J. Connor of the United States District Court for the District of New Hampshire from 1966 to 1967, and was then a law clerk to the New Hampshire Supreme Court from 1967 to 1968. He was in private practice in Concord, New Hampshire from 1968 to 1970. He was an assistant state attorney general of New Hampshire from 1970 to 1977. He was an associate justice of the New Hampshire Superior Court from 1977 to 1991, and chief justice of that court from 1991 to 1992.

## Federal judicial service

On April 9, 1992, Diclerico was nominated by President George H. W. Bush to a new seat on the United States District Court for the District of New Hampshire created by 104 Stat. 5089. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on August 12, 1992, and received his commission on August 17, 1992. He served as Chief Judge from 1992 to 1997. He assumed senior status on March 15, 2007. Diclerico died on April 2, 2022, at the age of 81.
# Estaline Schoolhouse

Estaline Schoolhouse is a historic one-room school building located at Estaline Valley, Augusta County, Virginia. It was built in 1909, and is a one-story, rectangular frame building with a gable roof. It measures 31 feet by 21 feet. The school closed soon after World War II.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.
# Off the Ledge

Off the Ledge is a 2009 American comedy genre film set at a New Year's Eve party in Hollywood Hills.

## Cast

* Justin Whalin as Hopper Jackson
* Brooke Mikey Anderson as Kat
* Nathan Baesel as Boston
* Maria Cina
* Jenny Mollen as Amber-Elizabeth
* Anne Ramsay as Bonnie
* Nectar Rose as Carrie
* Carlee Avers
* Andrea De Oliveira
* Yan Feldman
* James Ferris
* Zosia Mamet
* Raymond O'Connor
# Tian Xiusi

Tian Xiusi (Chinese: 田修思; born February 1950) is a retired Chinese general who served as Political Commissar of the People's Liberation Army Air Force. Previously, he was a standing committee member of the Chinese Communist Party Xinjiang committee and the political commissar of the Xinjiang Military District, as well as political commissar of the Chengdu Military Region. In July 2016, Tian was placed under investigation for "serious violations of discipline".

## Biography

Tian was born in Dongshuiyun Village, Houcun Town, Mengzhou, Henan Province. He joined the Chinese People's Liberation Army in 1968 and served in Xinjiang for more than three decades. He attained the rank of lieutenant general in July 2006, and general in July 2012. A veteran of the 1984 Battle of Laoshan of the Sino-Vietnamese conflicts, Tian was one of the few Chinese generals of his generation with actual battle experience. He succeeded General Zhang Haiyang as political commissar of the Chengdu Military Region in 2009. In 2012, he replaced and General Deng Changyou as the 12th political commissar of the People's Liberation Army Air Force, even though he had never served in the Air Force.
Tian retired from active service in July 2015, after having reached the age of 65. He was replaced by Lt. General Yu Zhongfu. After retiring from military service, he was named a deputy chair of the National People's Congress Foreign Affairs Committee in August 2015.
Tian was a member of the 17th and 18th Central Committees of the Chinese Communist Party.