OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Interior Grain Tramway

The Interior Grain Tramway was an aerial tramway built in 1901 near Pullman, Washington to move grain in sacks from the Palouse hills to the Snake River over a horizontal distance of 1,200 metres (3,900 ft) and a vertical fall of 700 metres (2,300 ft). Grain was stored in warehouses at the top and bottom of the tramway for shipment on riverboats to a railroad terminal at Riparia, Washington, 40 miles (64 km) away, with a capacity of up to 250,000 bushels per year. The tramway operated until 1938, when competition from rail service made it obsolescent. Eight of the tramways towers remain standing, and at least 27 have collapsed.

## History

The Interior Tramway was conceived and financed by Colfax, Washington resident Aaron Kuhn. It is one of several such tramways operated on the Columbia Plateau in the early 20th century. Kuhn, born in Germany in 1857, had emigrated to the United States in 1873, moving around the west until he settled in Colfax in 1883, marrying and starting a general store. At the same time he began buying agricultural land, primarily for wheat and fruit production. In 1901 Kuhn planned for a tramway at the Snake River Breaks, estimating the cost at $7500 to $8000. Leaving the construction in the hands of Kuhn's general manager Seymour Manning, Kuhn took his family on a tour of Europe. The tram was completed in time for the fall harvest. The next year Kuhn sold most of his properties in Colfax and moved to Spokane, where he became involved in banking and railroads.
The tram was acquired by the Balfour-Guthrie Company of Portland, Oregon, who operated the tram and warehouses as the Interior Warehouse Company. By 1908 a railroad line along the Snake passed the lower terminus and sternwheel paddleboats were discontinued. The grain was loaded onto boxcars. By 1938 the railroad system had branched into the interior and the tramway was no longer necessary to move wheat to the rail lines.

## Description

The tram was constructed along the same lines as a modern ski lift. A continuous wire cable ran in a loop carrying 130-pound (59 kg) feed sacks. The weight of the sacks as they descended operated the tram, with 64 loaded sacks and 64 empties over the length of the tram. A brakeman at the upper terminal controlled the rate of descent, squeezing the cable with a grip brake. At either end the cable loops back on an 8-foot (2.4 m) diameter wheel. The towers are of wood construction, between 6 feet (1.8 m) and 13 feet (4.0 m) high. The original terminal and lowermost towers were submerged when the level of the Snake was raised 50 feet (15 m) by the construction of Lower Granite Dam.
The Interior Grain Tramway was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 22, 1988.
# Public housing in Detroit

The following is a list of housing projects under the Detroit Housing Commission in the city of Detroit, Michigan, United States.
| Tenement | Address | Contact |
| Brewster Homes | 3526 St. Antoine, 48201 | (313) 833-6924 (313) 833-6926 |
| Cornerstone Estates | 3200 John C. Lodge, 48201 | (866) 416-9375 (866) 953-0395 |
| Diggs Jr. Homes | 1331 East Canfield, 48207 | (313) 833-3590 |
| Emerald Springs | 5825 Emerald Springs Cr, 48212 | (313) 366-1701 |
| Gardenview Estates | 16461 Van Buren Ave, 48228 | (313) 582-9505 |
| Harriet Tubman Apartments | 2450 W. Grand Blvd., 48208 | (313) 224-2576 |
| John W. Smith Homes | 14313 Crescent Dr, 48223 | (313) 578-8015 |
| Parkside Village II & IV | 5000 Conner Ave., 48215 | (313) 822-1477 |
| Sojourner Truth Homes | 4801 E. Nevada, 48234 | (313) 852-5655 |
| State Fair Apartments | 1231 W. State Fair, 48203 | (313) 852-4276 |
Senior Housing
| Tenement | Address | Contact |
| Forest Park Apts. | 1331 East Canfield, 48207 | (313) 833-3590 |
| Riverbend Towers | 4386 Conner Ave., 48215 | (313) 926-8702 |
| Sheridan Apartments I & II | 7501 & 7601 E. Jefferson, 48214 | (313) 852-5736 |
| Warren West Apartments | 4100 W. Warren, 48210 | (313) 224-4292 |
| Woodbridge Senior Village | 3511 John C. Lodge, 48201 | (313) 831-4906 |
| Woodbridge Senior Enhanced | 1300 Martin Luther King Dr., 48201 | (313) 494-9000 |
Public housing not under the Detroit Housing Commission
| Tenement | Address | Contact |
| Colonel Hamtramck Homes | 12025 Dequindre St, 48212 | (313) 868-7445 |
| Freedom Place | 1101 W. Warren, 48201 | (313) 832-3060 |
| Martin Luther King Jr. Homes | 595 Chene St, 48207 | (313) 567-9150 |
| Research Park | 5500 Trumbull St, 48208 | (313) 872-2313 |
| Robert III Apartments | 3901 Grand River, 48208 | (313) 883-2322 |

## Demolished buildings

| Tenement | Address | Notes |
| Brewster-Douglass | 2700 St. Antoine, 48201 | Residents moved to Brewster Homes. Completely demolished, awaiting redevelopment. |
| Charles Terrace | 5512 Buffalo Court, 48212 | Now home to Emerald Springs. |
| Herman Gardens | 17116 Joy Rd., 48228 | Now home to Gardenview Estates. |
| Jeffries Homes | 3511 John C. Lodge, 48201 | Now home to Woodbridge Senior Village. |
| Jeffries East | 3241 John C. Lodge, 48201 | Now home to Cornerstone Estates. |
# Catholic Church in Cuba

The Catholic Church in Cuba is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. Catholics make up approximately half of the population of Cuba.

## History

Catholicism has historically been the majority religion since Cuba's colonization. However, Communist Cuba is no exception to the ideological clash between Communism and religion that was common in communist countries. After Fidel Castro's ascent to power in 1959, he imposed restrictions on religious activities such as Christmas celebrations, and in 1962 barred personnel of the Church from joining the Communist Party of Cuba - following a communist tradition of Marxist-Leninist atheism. However, Castro's efforts were not as successful as in traditionally communist countries such as the USSR or China.
When the Cold War ended, such restrictions were lifted and the atheist guidelines outlined in the Cuban Constitution were removed. Catholics have been able openly join the Party since 1990. In 1998 Pope John Paul II made an official visit to Cuba and met Fidel Castro in person. Castro honored the Pope publicly. Pope Benedict XVI visited in 2012, meeting both Fidel and Raúl Castro, as did Pope Francis in 2015.

## Current status

The Catholic Church body in Cuba is governed by the Cuban Bishops Conference. There are over six million Catholics - around 60.5% of the total population - although only about 2% attend mass. The country is divided into three archdioceses and eleven dioceses.
The Catholic Church in Cuba has taken on a more politically active role than in many other countries. It claims to have engaged in discussion with the government on issues such as political prisoners and free market reforms.
Catholics in Cuba have greater religious freedom than those in other Communist countries such as China, Laos, North Korea, and Vietnam.

## 2025 Jubilee

Following a meeting between Pope Francis and President Miguel Díaz-Canel in August 2022, Cuba released more than 500 prisoners from their sentences to honor the Catholic Church's 2025 Jubilee Year. According to President Díaz-Canell, in his statement accompanying the prisoner release, Cuba maintains “a respectful, frank, and constructive relationship with the Vatican and the Supreme Pontiff, which facilitates decisions such as the one recently taken.”

## Structure

* Archdiocese of San Cristóbal de la Habana
** Diocese of Pinar del Río
** Diocese of Matanzas
* Archdiocese of Camagüey
** Diocese of Ciego de Avila
** Diocese of Cienfuegos
** Diocese of Santa Clara
* Archdiocese of Santiago de Cuba
** Diocese of Guantánamo-Baracoa
** Diocese of Holguín
** Diocese of Santísimo Salvador de Bayamo y Manzanillo
# Inés Fernández Moreno

Inés Fernández Moreno (1947 – 10 November 2024) was an Argentine novelist who published several stories and novels. She was awarded the Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz Prize in 2014.

## Early life

After studying in Spain and France with a scholarship, she graduated in Literature from the University of Buenos Aires (UBA). In addition, she is the granddaughter of the poet Baldomero Fernández Moreno and the daughter of the novelist César Fernández Moreno. She started writing at the age of 35.

## Professional career

Fernández Moreno graduated in Literature from the University of Buenos Aires (UBA). This allowed her to order the anarchy of her readings that went from Corin Tellado to Dostoyevsky. Years before, she studied in France and Spain with a scholarship, where she resided between 2002 and 2005.
She worked as a journalist in Spain and in the advertising sector. She worked in various places and organised literary workshops.

## Literary work and prizes

In 1991, Fernández Moreno was a finalist in the ‘Juan Rulfo’ Prize with her story ‘Dios lo bendiga’. The next year, in 1992, she was the winner of the ‘La Felguera’ Prize in Asturias, Spain with her story ‘Madre para armar’. In 1993, she came in second place for the 'Premio Municipal de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires' with her story ‘La vida en la cornisa’. A few years later, in 1996, she came in second place again, this time for the ‘Premio Ediciones. Desde la Gente’ with her story ‘Todo lo que no he perdido’. A year later, in 1997, she won the ‘Premio Municipal de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires’, this time she came first with her novel ‘Un amor de agua’. In 1999, she wrote the only one of her pieces of work that has been translated into Italian, ‘La última vez que maté a mi madre’. With this novel she came first again in the ‘Premio Municipal de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires’, and also the ‘Letras de Oro 2000 de Honorarte’ Prize. In 2003, she wrote ‘Hombres como médanos’, and she also won the ‘Max Aub’ Prize in Spain with her story ‘En extinción’. Likewise, in 2005, she wrote ‘La profesora de español’ a novel based on her experience living in Marbella, Spain from 2002 to 2005. Two years later, in 2007, she won the ‘Hucha de Oro’ Prize awarded by FUNCAS, also in Spain, with the novel ‘Carne de exportación’. In 2009 and 2013, she wrote her two last novels: ‘El cielo no existe’ and ‘Mármara’.

## Work style

The stories of Fernández Moreno had a humorous tone and some intimate Costumbrismo. According to the critic Julio Ortega "Her stories have an immediate transparency: they discuss the world and human relations with the lightness recommended by Calvin.

## Death

Fernández Moreno died on 10 November 2024, at the age of 77.
# Tim Davies (journalist)

Tim Davies (born 18 October 1983) is an Australian journalist and television presenter. Since 2020, he has been the weather presenter on the Nine Network's Today program.

## Career

After studying journalism at Macleay College in Sydney, he joined radio station Nova 96.9 as a traffic reporter in 2003 before moving on to cover general news and report on major events for the DMG Radio Australia network.
In 2009, Davies joined the Seven Network as a producer, working on such programs as Sunrise, Weekend Sunrise and The Morning Show.
Davies joined Austereo Radio Network as a news presenter in 2013, where he read the news on The Kyle and Jackie O Show on 2Day FM. Davies continued the role at 2Day FM in 2014 after The Kyle and Jackie O Show defected to rival station KIIS 106.5.
In 2014, Davies left Austereo to join the Nine Network, initially as a producer and reporter for Nine News before becoming a presenter of Nine News: Early Edition and a fill-in host on Today Extra and Weekend Today.
In late 2019, it was announced that Davies would be replacing Steve Jacobs as the weather presenter on the network's breakfast program Today, commencing in 2020 as part of a widely-publicised overhaul.
In October 2022, Davies reported seeing masked men who he believed were looting houses as he and a Today crew arrived to set up a live cross in a flood affected area of Maribyrnong, prompting him to contact police. Victoria Police later confirmed they were investigating a man who allegedly stole several personal items from an unoccupied home while two accomplices waited in a blue Ford Territory.

## Personal life

Davies is Christian. As a child, Davies attended St Francis de Sales, a Catholic primary school in Woolooware.
Davies is openly gay.
After a holiday in Austria in March 2020, Davies was on one of the first international flights to land in Australia after the federal government ordered all passengers arriving in Australia to self-isolate for 14 days at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.
# Nova República

Nova República (in English, "New Republic") is a district in the city of Santarém, Pará and is about 5 km to the South from the center. It is part of Grande Área da Nova República (English: Great Area of the New Republic), being the most populous and important.
# Adolph Samborski

Adolph Walter Samborski (February 10, 1904 – December 8, 1977) was an American coach and administrator who served as athletic director and head baseball coach at Harvard University.

## Athletic career

Samborski attended Harvard after graduating from Westfield High School. He was captain of the freshman basketball team and the starting catcher on the freshman baseball team. He became a starting guard on the varsity basketball team his sophomore season and became the team captain as a junior. He was the backup varsity catcher his sophomore before taking over the starting job his junior year. He was also a fullback on the 1923 Harvard Crimson football team.

## Coaching

Samborski graduated from Harvard College in 1925 and remained with the Crimson as freshman basketball coach while he earned master's degrees in education and European history. He also coached the Crimson's junior varsity baseball team and was the varsity baseball coach in 1947 and 1948. He gave up coaching in 1948 to focus on his job as director of intramural sports.

## Administration

In 1927 Samborski presented Harvard with a plan for organized intramural sports. The plan was approved and he was named director of intramural sports. In 1961, Samborski became Harvard's assistant athletic director. In 1963 he was promoted to associate athletic director and took over as acting athletic director when Thomas Bolles retired on August 31, 1963. On March 10, 1964, he was given the job permanently. He retired in August 1970. From 1971 to 1975 he was the commissioner of the Yankee Conference. He died on December 8, 1977, in York, Maine after a long illness.
# Bromodomain and WD repeat-containing protein 1

Bromodomain and WD repeat-containing protein 1 (BRWD1) also known as WD repeat-containing protein 9 (WDR9) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BRWD1 gene.

## Function

This gene encodes a member of the WD repeat protein family. WD repeats are minimally conserved regions of approximately 40 amino acids typically bracketed by Gly-His and Trp-Asp (GH-WD), which may facilitate formation of heterotrimeric or multiprotein complexes. Members of this family are involved in a variety of cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, signal transduction, apoptosis, and gene regulation. This protein contains 2 bromodomains and 8 WD repeats, and the function of this protein is not known. This gene is located within the Down syndrome region-2 on chromosome 21. Alternative splicing of this gene generates 3 transcript variants diverging at the 3' ends.
# Anna Laura Force

Anna Laura Force (April 13, 1868 – July 1952) was an American educator and school administrator, based in Denver, Colorado. She was president of the Colorado Education Association, and was nominated for president of the National Education Association (NEA) in 1933.

## Early life and education

Force was born in Denver, the daughter of John E. Force and Matilda Ann Ellis Force (later Stewart). She graduated from the Colorado State College of Education (CSCE), with further studies at Columbia University and the University of California.

## Career

Force was a teacher and school principal in Denver. In 1914, Force became the first woman to conduct the Denver Normal Institute, an annual two-week teacher training program. She was president of the Colorado Education Association and the State Congress of Parents and Teachers, and became director of the Eastern Division of the Colorado Education Association in 1924. She chaired the school lands committee in 1925, She told a The Rocky Mountain News in 1929, "My real joy in work comes from direct contact with boys and girls in whom I have so much confidence."
Force was active in the National Education Association (NEA) at the national level. She was a Colorado delegate to the 1917 NEA meeting in Oregon. In 1923 she was chosen to be one of the NEA's vice presidents. She chaired the retirement committee in 1931. When the World Federation of Education Associations met in Denver in 1931, she was hospitality chair. She was nominated for national NEA president in 1933, but lost the election to Jessie Gray. She served on the executive board of the National Council of Education.
In 1934, Force and Mary C. C. Bradford were described as "original brain-trusters" by federal official Oscar Chapman, who commended both women's contributions to the prosperity of Colorado.

## Publications

* "The Kindergarten as an Organic Part of Every Elementary School" (1919)

## Personal life and legacy

Force died in 1952, at the age of 84, in Denver. A school in Denver was named for her.
# Richard Arthur Gadbois Jr.

Richard Arthur Gadbois Jr. (June 18, 1932 – October 2, 1996) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Central District of California.

## Education and career

Born in Omaha, Nebraska, Gadbois received an Artium Baccalaureus from St. John's University in 1955 and a Juris Doctor from Loyola Law School in Los Angeles, California in 1958. He attended the University of Southern California Law School in 1960. He was a deputy state attorney general of California from 1958 to 1959. He was in private practice in Los Angeles from 1960 to 1968. He was a vice president, general counsel and secretary of Denny's, Inc., in La Mirada, California from 1968 to 1971. He was a Judge of the Municipal Court of California, City of Los Angeles from 1971 to 1972, and on the Superior Court of California, County of Los Angeles from 1972 to 1982.

## Federal judicial service

On June 28, 1982, Gadbois was nominated by President Ronald Reagan to a seat on the United States District Court for the Central District of California vacated by Judge Irving Hill. Gadbois was confirmed by the United States Senate on July 27, 1982, and received his commission on July 28, 1982. He assumed senior status on January 24, 1996 due to a certified disability, and served in that capacity until his death later that year in Los Angeles.
# Running with the Devil: The Wild World of John McAfee

Running with the Devil: The Wild World of John McAfee is a 2022 documentary film about John McAfee.
# David G. Larimer

David George Larimer (born March 3, 1944) is a senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of New York.

## Education and career

Larimer was born in Rochester, New York. He received a Bachelor of Arts degree from St. John Fisher College in 1966 and a Juris Doctor from Notre Dame Law School in 1969. He served as a law clerk for Judge Joseph C. McGarraghy of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia from 1969 to 1970. After this, he was an assistant United States attorney for the District of Columbia in Washington, D.C. from 1970 to 1973. In the following years, Larimer worked as an assistant United States attorney of the Western District of New York in Rochester from 1973 to 1975. He was in private practice in Rochester from 1975 to 1979. An adjunct instructor of law, Larimer taught at St. John Fisher College from 1978 to 1981. He was a chief appellate law assistant for the Supreme Court, Appellate Division Fourth Department in Rochester from 1979 to 1981. He was in private practice in Rochester from 1982 to 1987.

### Federal judicial service

Larimer was United States magistrate judge for the United States District Court for the Western District of New York from 1983 to 1987.
On May 5, 1987, Larimer was nominated by President Ronald Reagan to a new seat created by 98 Stat. 333, confirmed by the United States Senate on November 5, 1987, and received his commission on November 6, 1987. He served as Chief Judge from 1996 to 2002. He assumed senior status on March 3, 2009. Judge Frank P. Geraci Jr., of New York, was nominated by President Barack Obama on Monday, May 14, 2012 to the Senate and confirmed by voice vote on Thursday, December 13, 2012, as his replacement.
# Alytidae

The Alytidae are a family of primitive frogs. Their common name is painted frogs or midwife toads. Most are endemic to Europe, but three species occur in northwest Africa, and a species formerly thought to be extinct is found in Israel.
This family is also known as Discoglossidae, but the older name Alytidae has priority and is now recognized by major reference works. Some researchers, though, suggest that Alytes and Discoglossus are different enough to be treated as belonging to separate families, implying resurrection of the Discoglossidae. The term "discoglossid" has also been used to refer to many primitive fossil frogs that share plesiomorphic (ancestral) similities to alytids, but that are probably not closely related.

## Genera and species

The family contains three extant genera, Alytes, Discoglossus, and Latonia. The first is somewhat toad-like and can often be found on land. The second is smoother and more frog-like, preferring the water. The third genus was until recently considered extinct, and is represented by the recently rediscovered Hula painted frog. All of the species have pond-dwelling tadpoles.
The genera Bombina and Barbourula also used to be under this family, but have now been moved to the Bombinatoridae.

### Extant genera

| Genus | Species |
| Alytes Wagler, 1830 | Alytes cisternasii - Iberian midwife toad Alytes dickhilleni - southern midwife toad Alytes maurus - Moroccan midwife toad Alytes muletensis - Majorcan midwife toad Alytes obstetricans - common midwife toad |
| Discoglossus Otth, 1837 | Discoglossus galganoi - West Iberian painted frog Discoglossus jeanneae - Spanish painted frog Discoglossus montalentii - Corsican painted frog Discoglossus pictus - common painted frog Discoglossus sardus - Tyrrhenian painted frog Discoglossus scovazzi - Moroccan painted frog |
| Latonia Meyer, 1843 | Latonia nigriventer - Hula painted frog †Latonia seyfriedi †Latonia gigantea †Latonia vertaizoni †Latonia ragei |

### Extinct genera

Family Alytidae
* Genus †Enneabatrachus (prehistoric)
** †Enneabatrachus hechti
* Genus †Aralobatrachus (prehistoric)
** †Aralobatrachus robustus
* Genus †Callobatrachus (prehistoric)
** †Callobatrachus sanyanensis
* Genus †Bakonybatrachus (prehistoric)
** †Bakonybatrachus fedori
* Genus †Eodiscoglossus (prehistoric)
** †Eodiscoglossus oxoniensis
** †Eodiscoglossus santonjae
* Iberian midwife toad (Alytes cisternasii)
* Iberian or Portuguese painted frog (Discoglossus galganoi)
* Fossil discoglossid from Miocene (†Latonia seyfriedi)