OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lutra

Lutra is a genus of otters, one of seven in the subfamily Lutrinae.

## Taxonomy and evolution

The genus includes these species:

### Extant species

Genus Lutra – Brisson, 1762 – two species :
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
| Eurasian otter | Lutra lutra (Linnaeus, 1758) | coasts of Europe, many parts of Asia, and parts of northern Africa | Size: Habitat: Diet: | NT |
| Hairy-nosed otter | Lutra sumatrana (Gray, 1865) | Southeast Asia | Size: Habitat: Diet: | EN |

### Extinct species

| Image | Scientific name | Common name | Distribution |
| | L. nippon | Japanese otter | Japan |
* †Lutra affinis
* †Lutra bressana
* †Lutra bravardi
* †Lutra castiglionis
* †Lutra euxena
* †Lutra fatimazohrae
* †Lutra franconica
* †Lutra hearsti
* †Lutra palaeindica
* †Lutra simplicidens
* †Lutra trinacriae
The genus most likely evolved in Asia during the late Pliocene epoch; the oldest fossil belonging to the genus is of the species L. palaeindica, and dates from the late Pliocene.

## Habitat

Lutra species are semiaquatic mammals, so they are well-adapted to both water and land. They prefer shallow, narrow areas of streams surrounded by mature trees and with rocks, especially where weirs reduce the flow of the water, as well as attract fishes. They seem to tolerate roads and residential and agricultural areas, but only moderate human interaction. They clearly avoid areas without vegetation cover and rocks.

## Diet

The otters' diets consist mainly of fish (hence, the aquatic environment). However, during the winter and in colder environments, fish consumption is significantly lower and the otters use other resources for their food supply. Their diets can consist of amphibians (mainly frogs and pond turtles), bird predation (mainly anserine species), small rodents, and invertebrates such as water beetles, snails, and crayfish. They have also feed on plants, specifically grasses. With this large diversity of prey and resources for their diets, otters are considered "opportunistic eaters".

## Behavior

Some otters live in solitude, while others live in groups.
# Alex R. Munson

Alex Robert Munson (born September 25, 1941) is an inactive American jurist. He was sworn in as chief judge of the District Court for the Northern Mariana Islands on November 18, 1988, and he took senior status effective February 28, 2010. Prior to assuming his position on the District Court for the Northern Mariana Islands, in 1981 he was appointed the Chief Justice of the High Court of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, and in 1989 became a designated judge for the District Court of Guam.

## Early life and career

Alex Robert Munson was born September 25, 1941 in South Gate, California. He received his undergraduate degree in 1964 and an M.A. in 1965 from Long Beach State College, an Ed.D. degree in 1970 from the University of Southern California, and a J.D. degree from Loyola University School of Law in 1975. Prior to and immediately following law school, Munson served as a teacher with the Anglewood Unified School District. From 1977 to 1978, Munson was an associate with the law firm of Robert S. Talbert & Associates; from 1978 to 1982, he was an associate with the firm of Kirtland & Packard; and from 1982 to 1988, he was Chief Justice of the High Court of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, which was under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Department of the Interior, until that entity ceased to exist.
# Hector Manuel Laffitte

Hector Manuel Laffitte (born April 13, 1934) is a former United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Puerto Rico.

## Education and career

Born in Ponce, Puerto Rico, Laffitte received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Polytechnic Institute of Puerto Rico (now Interamerican University) in 1955, a Bachelor of Laws from the University of Puerto Rico Law School in 1959, and a Master of Laws from Georgetown University Law Center in 1960. He was in private practice in Puerto Rico from 1960 to 1983.

## Federal judicial service

On May 26, 1983, Laffitte was nominated by President Ronald Reagan to a seat on the United States District Court for the District of Puerto Rico vacated by Judge Hernan Gregorio Pesquera. Laffitte was confirmed by the United States Senate on July 26, 1983, and received his commission on July 27, 1983. He served as Chief Judge from 1999 to 2004, assuming senior status on November 15, 2005. Laffitte served in that capacity until his retirement from the bench on February 16, 2007.
# Walter J. Gex III

Walter Joseph Gex III (March 29, 1939 – November 12, 2020) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Mississippi.

## Education and career

Born in Bay St. Louis, Mississippi, Gex received a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Mississippi in 1962 and a Bachelor of Laws from the University of Mississippi Law School in 1963. He was in private practice in Jackson, Mississippi from 1963 to 1972, and then in Bay St. Louis from 1972 to 1986.

## Federal judicial service

On January 29, 1986, Gex was nominated by President Ronald Reagan to a new seat on the United States District Court for the Southern District of Mississippi created by 98 Stat. 333. Gex was confirmed by the United States Senate on February 25, 1986, and received his commission on February 26, 1986. He assumed senior status on March 24, 2004.

## Death

Gex died on November 12, 2020, in Diamondhead, Mississippi.
# MLW World Junior Heavyweight Championship

The MLW World Junior Heavyweight Championship was a professional wrestling junior heavyweight championship owned by the Major League Wrestling (MLW) promotion. Only wrestlers under the junior heavyweight weight-limit may hold the championship. The weight-limit for the tag team title is 205 lb (93 kg); it is assumed that this title has the same weight-limit. It was proposed as part of a tournament called the J-Cup USA and Sonjay Dutt won the tournament and also was the last champion. Only one reign was crowned over its one-year existence.

## History

The title was unveiled at WarGames on September 19, 2003, Major League Wrestling would start an eight-man single-elimination tournament named the J-Cup USA to crown the first champion. Sonjay Dutt, Eddie Colón, Jimmy Yang and Christopher Daniels would advance to the semifinals. Dutt and Daniels would defeat Cólon and Yang, respectively to advance to the finals. Dutt then defeated Daniels to win the J-Cup USA and become the inaugural champion. The matches of the tournament aired later on Underground TV tapings between September 29 and October 27.

### Inaugural Championship tournament

| Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final |
| Sonjay Dutt | Sonjay Dutt | | | | |
| Tony Mamaluke | Tony Mamaluke | | | | |
| Tony Mamaluke | Tony Mamaluke | Sonjay Dutt | Sonjay Dutt | | |
| | | Eddie Colón | Eddie Colón | | |
| Eddie Colón | Eddie Colón | Eddie Colón | Eddie Colón | | |
| Jerry Lynn | Jerry Lynn | | | | |
| Jerry Lynn | Jerry Lynn | | | Sonjay Dutt | Sonjay Dutt |
| | | | | Christopher Daniels | Christopher Daniels |
| Jimmy Yang | Jimmy Yang | | | | | Christopher Daniels | Christopher Daniels |
| Juventud Guerrera | Juventud Guerrera | | | | |
| Juventud Guerrera | Juventud Guerrera | Jimmy Yang | Jimmy Yang | | |
| | | Christopher Daniels | Christopher Daniels | | |
| Christopher Daniels | Christopher Daniels | Christopher Daniels | Christopher Daniels | | |
| Super Dragon | Super Dragon | | | | |

## Reigns

Key :
| No. | Overall reign number |
| Reign | Reign number for the specific champion |
| Days | Number of days held |
| No. | Champion | Championship change | Championship change | Championship change | Reign statistics | Reign statistics | Notes | Ref. |
| No. | Champion | Date | Event | Location | Reign | Days | Notes | Ref. |
| | Major League Wrestling (MLW) | Major League Wrestling (MLW) | Major League Wrestling (MLW) | Major League Wrestling (MLW) | Major League Wrestling (MLW) | Major League Wrestling (MLW) | Major League Wrestling (MLW) | Major League Wrestling (MLW) |
| 1 | Sonjay Dutt | September 19, 2003 | WarGames | Fort Lauderdale, FL | 1 | 144 | Defeated Christopher Daniels in a tournament final to become the inaugural champion. | |
| — | Deactivated | February 10, 2004 | — | — | — | — | Sonjay Dutt was no longer listed as the MLW World Junior Heavyweight Champion after the company stopped hosting events. | |
# Jacob F. Markle Stone House

Jacob F. Markle Stone House is a historic home located at Rochester in Ulster County, New York. It is a 1+1⁄2-story, five-bay stone dwelling built about 1770 upon a linear plan. Also on the property is a 1+1⁄2-story gable-front frame shed.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.
# Thomas Samuel Zilly

Thomas Samuel Zilly (born January 1, 1935) is a senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Washington.

## Education and career

Zilly was born in Detroit. He received a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Michigan in 1956 and a Juris Doctor from Cornell Law School in 1962. He was a United States Naval Reserve Lieutenant (J.G.) from 1956 to 1962, serving on active duty from 1956 to 1959. He entered private practice in Seattle, Washington, working from 1962 to 1988 at the law firm Lane Powell Moss & Miller. He was a Judge pro tem of the Seattle Municipal Court from 1972 to 1980.
Zilly served as president of the Seattle-King County Bar Association in 1986-1987 and on multiple Washington State Bar Association committees, including as a hearing officer for its disciplinary board and as a bar examiner.

### Federal judicial service

On February 16, 1988, Zilly was nominated by President Ronald Reagan to a seat on the United States District Court for the Western District of Washington vacated by Judge Walter T. McGovern. A hearing on his nomination was held on March 28, 1988, and the Senate Judiciary Committee approved it on April 14, 1988. Zilly was confirmed by the United States Senate on April 19, 1988, and received his commission the following day. He assumed senior status on January 1, 2004.

### Notable rulings

In November 1988 Zilly ruled that the US Fish and Wildlife Service had unlawfully failed to list the northern spotted owl under the Endangered Species Act.
In August 1997, Zilly certified a class-action lawsuit by 64 prison inmates who alleged they had been subjected to X-ray bombardment of their testes during a Cold War experiment conducted at the Washington State Penitentiary at Walla Walla during the 1960s.
In June 2002, Zilly ruled that the University of Washington had not engaged in "reverse discrimination" against white law school admission aspirants who had not been admitted to the class entering in fall 1994.
On January 28, 2017, Zilly ordered a temporary injunction preventing the removal from the United States of two Yemeni citizens under Donald Trump's order to ban all immigration from seven predominantly Muslim nations.
In February 2019, Zilly ordered the Department of Defense not to discriminate against U.S. armed forces members who are naturalized citizens by requiring them to undergo periodic security checks. The plaintiffs in the case were 17 individuals who had enlisted via the Military Accessions Vital to the National Interest (MAVNI) program.
In September 2020, Zilly denied a government motion to dismiss a civil rights lawsuit filed by the family of Che Andre Taylor, who had been shot dead by Seattle police officers in 2016.
Zilly presided over the first trial in the Western District of Washington ever conducted via the online platform Zoom during October 2020.
# Carolyn R. Dimmick

Carolyn Joyce Reaber Dimmick (born October 24, 1929) is a senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Washington.

## Education and career

Dimmick was born in Seattle. She received a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Washington in 1951 and a Juris Doctor from the University of Washington School of Law in 1953. She was an assistant state attorney general of Washington from 1953 to 1954, and was a deputy prosecuting attorney of King County, Washington from 1955 to 1959 and from 1960 to 1962. She was in private practice of law in Seattle from 1959 to 1960 and again from 1962 to 1965. She was a state court judge on the Northeast District Court, King County, Washington from 1965 to 1975, then a superior court judge of the King County Superior Court from 1976 to 1980, and finally a justice of the Washington Supreme Court from 1981 to 1985. She was the first woman to sit on the Washington Supreme Court and only the fourteenth woman on state courts of last resort in the United States.

### Federal judicial service

Dimmick was nominated by President Ronald Reagan on March 7, 1985, to a new seat on the United States District Court for the Western District of Washington created by 98 Stat. 333. She was confirmed by the United States Senate on April 3, 1985, and received her commission on April 4, 1985. She was succeeded on the Washington Supreme Court by Barbara Durham, who then became the second woman to serve on that court. Dimmick served as chief judge from 1994 to 1997, assuming senior status on November 1, 1997.
# Kenneth M. Hoyt

Kenneth Michael Hoyt (born March 2, 1948) is a senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas.

## Education and career

Hoyt was born in San Augustine County, Texas. He received an Artium Baccalaureus degree from Texas Southern University in 1969 and a Juris Doctor from the Thurgood Marshall School of Law at Texas Southern University in 1972. He was in private practice in Houston, Texas from 1972 to 1985. He was a city attorney of Kendleton, Texas from 1975 to 1981, and then of Prairie View, Texas. Hoyt served as a presiding judge of the 125th Civil District Court of Texas from 1981 to 1982. At the same time, Hoyt was a member of the faculty of the South Texas College Trial Advocacy Program, and from 1983 to 1984, he was an adjunct professor at the Thurgood Marshall School of Law. He was a justice of the First District Court of Appeals of Texas from 1985 to 1988.

### Federal judicial service

On November 24, 1987, Hoyt was nominated by President Ronald Reagan to a seat on the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas vacated by Judge Carl Olaf Bue Jr. Hoyt was confirmed by the United States Senate on March 31, 1988, and received his commission on April 1, 1988. Hoyt was the second African American federal judge in the state of Texas. He took senior status on March 2, 2013.
In March 2019, Hoyt found that a board member's rights under the First Amendment to the United States Constitution had not been violated when he was censured by the rest of the board. That judgment was reversed by the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit before the circuit itself was reversed by the unanimous Supreme Court of the United States in Houston Community College System v. Wilson (2022).
# Thomas Aquinas Higgins

Thomas Aquinas Higgins (August 15, 1932 – September 11, 2018) was an American jurist who was United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee.

## Education and career

He was born in Nashville, Tennessee and attended Father Ryan High School. He received an Associate of Arts degree from Christian Brothers College in 1952 and a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Tennessee in 1954. He received a Bachelor of Laws from Vanderbilt University Law School in 1957. He was in the United States Army Judge Advocate General's Corps from 1957 to 1960, where he attained the rank of first lieutenant. He was in private practice in Nashville from 1961 to 1984.

## Federal judicial service

Higgins was nominated by President Ronald Reagan on September 6, 1984, to a seat on the United States District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee vacated by Judge Leland Clure Morton. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on October 3, 1984, and received his commission on October 4, 1984. He assumed senior status on February 28, 1999. He retired into inactive senior status in 2006, meaning that while he remained a federal judge, he no longer heard cases or participated in the business of the court. He died on September 11, 2018, in Nashville.
# Stephen Victor Wilson

Stephen Victor Wilson (born March 26, 1941) is a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Central District of California.

## Education and career

Wilson received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Lehigh University in 1963. He received a Juris Doctor from Brooklyn Law School in 1967. He received a Master of Laws from George Washington University Law School in 1973. He was a trial attorney of the Tax Division of the United States Department of Justice from 1968 to 1971. He was an Assistant United States Attorney of Los Angeles, California from 1971 to 1977. He was the Chief of the Fraud and Special Prosecutions Section from 1973 to 1977. He was in private practice of law in Beverly Hills, California from 1977 to 1985. He was an adjunct professor of law at Loyola Law School from 1975 to 1979. He was the Chairman of the Federal Indigent Defense Panel Committee of the District Court in Los Angeles from 1979 to 1980. He was an adjunct professor of law at the University of San Diego School of Law in 1984.

### Federal judicial service

Wilson was nominated by President Ronald Reagan on September 9, 1985, to the United States District Court for the Central District of California, to a new seat created by Pub. L. No. 98-353, 98 Stat. 333 (1984). He was confirmed by the United States Senate on October 16, 1985, and received his commission on October 17, 1985.

### Notable cases

In 1988, Wilson threw out provisions of a 1952 immigration law that the government used to deport aliens who advocate world communism. He also presided over the 2002 case of Sherman Austin.
# Larry J. McKinney

Larry Jim McKinney (July 4, 1944 – September 21, 2017) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Indiana.

## Education and career

Born in South Bend, Indiana on July 4, 1944, McKinney received a Bachelor of Arts degree from MacMurray College in 1966 and a Juris Doctor from Indiana University Maurer School of Law in 1969. He was a deputy state attorney general of Indiana from 1970 to 1971. He was in private practice in Edinburgh, Indiana from 1971 to 1975. He was in private practice in Greenwood, Indiana from 1975 to 1979. He was a Circuit Judge of Johnson County, Indiana from 1979 to 1987.

## Federal judicial service

McKinney was nominated by President Ronald Reagan on May 5, 1987, to a seat on the United States District Court for the Southern District of Indiana vacated by Judge William Elwood Steckler. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on July 17, 1987, and received his commission on July 20, 1987. He served as Chief Judge from 2001 to 2007. He assumed senior status on July 4, 2009, and served in that status until his death on September 21, 2017.
# Joseph M. McLaughlin

Joseph Michael McLaughlin (March 20, 1933 – August 8, 2013) was a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit and a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York.

## Biography

Joseph Michael McLaughlin was born in Brooklyn, New York on March 20, 1933. He was raised in a working-class family.

## Education and career

McLaughlin received an Artium Baccalaureus degree from Fordham College in 1954, and was a captain in the United States Army Corps of Engineers from 1955 to 1957. He then received a Bachelor of Laws from Fordham University School of Law in 1959, and a Master of Laws from New York University School of Law in 1964. He was in private practice of law in New York City from 1959 to 1961 at what is now Cahill Gordon & Reindel. He worked as a law professor at Fordham University School of Law in Manhattan from 1961 to 1971. In 1971, McLaughlin became Dean of Fordham Law School, a position he held for ten years.

## Federal judicial service

On July 29, 1981, McLaughlin was nominated by President Ronald Reagan to a new seat on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York created by 92 Stat. 1629. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on September 25, 1981, and received his commission on September 28, 1981. His service terminated on October 18, 1990, due to elevation to the court of appeals.
On July 10, 1990, President George H. W. Bush nominated McLaughlin for elevation to a seat on the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit vacated by Judge Lawrence Warren Pierce. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on October 12, 1990, and received commission on October 17, 1990. McLaughlin assumed senior status on March 20, 1998 and continued to hear cases in that capacity.

## Other service

In addition to serving as a judge, since 1982, McLaughlin was an adjunct professor of law at St. John's University School of Law and Fordham University School of Law. His publications included numerous works on the law of evidence and civil procedure. Judge McLaughlin co-authored Cases and Methods on New York Practice. He was the author of Practice Commentaries for McKinney's New York CPLR and the PLI Monograph on Evidence. He was also the editor-in-chief of Federal Practice Guide (Matthew Bender), and of Weinstein’s Evidence (Matthew Bender).

## Death

McLaughlin died at a nursing home of pneumonia in 2013.