OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Alexander Young (VC)

Alexander Young, VC (27 January 1873 – 19 October 1916) was an Irish-born South African soldier and a recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.
A native of Oranmore, County Galway, Young joined the Queen's Bays on 22 May 1890 at Renmore. He served for a time in India, becoming a riding instructor. He took part in the reconquest of Sudan, and afterwards went to South Africa, joining the Cape Police as an instructor, with the rank of regimental sergeant major, serving in the Second Boer War.

## VC details

Young was 28 years old and a sergeant-major in the Cape Police, South African Forces during the Second Boer War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC.
   Towards the close of the action at Ruiter's Kraal on the 13th August, 1901, Sergeant-Major Young, with a handful of men, rushed some kopjes which were being held by Commandant Erasmus and about 20 Boers. On reaching these kopjes the enemy were seen galloping back to another kopje held by the Boers. Sergeant-Major Young then galloped on some 50 yards ahead of his party and closing with the enemy shot one of them and captured Commandant Erasmus, the latter firing at him three times at point blank range before being taken prisoner.

## Later service

Continuing with the Cape Police, from 1904 Young served on the border with German South West Africa during the Herero Wars, and in 1906 helped suppress the Bambatha Rebellion in Natal.
During the First World War, in 1915 he served with the Natal Light Horse in South West Africa, then in the North African Senussi campaign. Volunteering for service in France, he was commissioned in the South African Scottish Regiment with the rank of lieutenant. He was killed in action during the Battle of the Somme on 19 October 1916. His name appears on the Thiepval Memorial in France and St. Nicholas's church, Galway.

## The medal

Young's Victoria Cross is held in Lord Ashcroft's VC collection in the Imperial War Museum, London.
# La Graverie

La Graverie (French pronunciation: ) is a former commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Souleuvre-en-Bocage.

## Population

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1793 | 883 | — |
| 1800 | 774 | −12.3% |
| 1806 | 901 | +16.4% |
| 1821 | 965 | +7.1% |
| 1831 | 924 | −4.2% |
| 1836 | 988 | +6.9% |
| 1841 | 990 | +0.2% |
| 1846 | 956 | −3.4% |
| 1851 | 975 | +2.0% |
| 1856 | 919 | −5.7% |
| 1861 | 929 | +1.1% |
| 1866 | 821 | −11.6% |
| 1872 | 793 | −3.4% |
| 1876 | 776 | −2.1% |
| 1881 | 804 | +3.6% |
| 1886 | 915 | +13.8% |
| 1891 | 762 | −16.7% |
| 1896 | 747 | −2.0% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1901 | 692 | −7.4% |
| 1906 | 662 | −4.3% |
| 1911 | 691 | +4.4% |
| 1921 | 642 | −7.1% |
| 1926 | 644 | +0.3% |
| 1931 | 665 | +3.3% |
| 1936 | 636 | −4.4% |
| 1946 | 583 | −8.3% |
| 1954 | 548 | −6.0% |
| 1962 | 617 | +12.6% |
| 1968 | 626 | +1.5% |
| 1975 | 674 | +7.7% |
| 1982 | 874 | +29.7% |
| 1990 | 1,038 | +18.8% |
| 1999 | 1,122 | +8.1% |
| 2008 | 1,132 | +0.9% |
| 2022 | 1,179 | +4.2% |
# Yolanda Sonnabend

Yolanda Paulina Tamara Sonnabend (26 March 1935 – 9 November 2015) was a British theatre and ballet designer and painter, primarily of portraits.

## Early life

Sonnabend was born in Bulawayo, Southern Rhodesia (present-day Zimbabwe) the younger child of a sociologist, Dr Henry Sonnabend, and a physician, Dr Fira Sonnabend, both Jewish. Her father was of German-Jewish descent and her mother was of Russian-Jewish descent. They met at Padua University in the 1920s and emigrated to South Africa in 1930. Her brother Joseph Sonnabend (1933–2021) was a scientist and HIV/AIDS researcher.

## Theatre design

Sonnabend settled in England in 1954. From 1955 to 1960 she studied painting and stage design at the Slade School of Fine Art. She subsequently taught at the Camberwell School of Art, the Slade, the Central School and at the Wimbledon School of Art.
Sonnabend worked as a theatre and ballet designer for the Royal Opera House and the Royal Ballet, as well as Sadler's Wells, the Oxford Playhouse and Stuttgart Ballet. She designed her first ballet, "A Blue Rose" by Peter Wright, in 1957 when she was a student at the Slade School of Fine Art. She first collaborated with Kenneth MacMillan in 1963 on Symphony and worked with him for over thirty years, including Rituals (1975), Requiem (1976), My Brother, My Sisters (1978) and Valley of Shadows (1983). Swan Lake (1987) and La Bayadère (1980) are some of her key achievements with the Royal Ballet. She was also a painter with Kenneth MacMillan and Physicist Stephen Hawking being two of her most noteworthy subjects.

## Art career

In 2001, Sonnabend won the inaugural Garrick/Milne Prize for theatrical painting and portraiture. She was the subject of three National Portrait Gallery portraits. In 2000 she was awarded the Garrick/Milne Prize for theatrical portraiture. Nine of her pieces are in the collection of London’s National Portrait Gallery. A retrospective of her work was held at the Serpentine Gallery in London in 1985-86.

## Death

Sonnabend died in England on 9 November 2015, aged 80. She was unmarried and survived by her brother Joseph. Earlier in the year, the siblings had been profiled in the documentary film Some Kind of Love.
# Castle Rock High School

Castle Rock High School is a rural public high school in Castle Rock, Washington.

## Academics

14% of Castle Rock students take an Advanced Placement (AP) exam, with 2% passing the AP exam. 18% of Castle Rock students are proficient in math and 55% are proficient in reading. Castle Rock is well below the state median both graduation rates and proficiency scores.
Castle Rock has a graduation rate of 80%.

## Demographics

Castle Rock is a predominantly white high school, with 79% of its students considering themselves white. The two other most popular racial/ethinc groups are Hispanic and Two or more races.
47% of students are female, and 53% are male. 47% are economically disadvantaged, with 48% forming part of the free or reduced lunch programs.

## Sports

Castle Rock is a member of the Washington Interscholastic Activities Association (WIAA) and competes in the Southwest Washington District 4 Trico 1A league. The Trico 1A consists of eight teams.

### State championships

* Baseball: 1988
* Boys Basketball: 1932, 1969
* Boys Track: 1983, 1985, 1990, 1991
* Boys Wrestling: 1984, 1985
* Football: 1988
* Softball: 2007, 2010
* Volleyball: 1987, 1993, 2013

### State runners-up

* Baseball: 1987
* Boys Track: 1974, 1975, 1984
* Boys Wrestling: 1981, 1982
* Girls Basketball: 1982, 2013
* Softball: 2008, 2009
* Volleyball: 1983, 2008, 2011

## Notable people

* Benji Radach - mixed martial arts fighter
# Mark 50 torpedo

The Mark 50 torpedo is a U.S. Navy advanced lightweight torpedo for use against fast, deep-diving submarines. The Mk 50 can be launched from all anti-submarine aircraft and from torpedo tubes aboard surface combatant ships. The Mk 50 was intended to replace the Mk 46 as the fleet's lightweight torpedo. Instead the Mark 46 will be replaced with the Mark 54 LHT.

## Propulsion system

The torpedo's stored chemical energy propulsion system uses a small tank of sulfur hexafluoride gas, which is sprayed over a block of solid lithium, which generates enormous quantities of heat, which generates steam. The steam propels the torpedo in a closed Rankine cycle, supplying power to a pump-jet. This propulsion system offers the very important deep-water performance advantage in that the combustion products—sulfur and lithium fluoride—occupy less volume than the reactants, so the torpedo does not have to force these out against increasing water pressure as it approaches a deep-diving submarine.

## General characteristics, Mk 50

* Primary function: air and ship-launched lightweight torpedo
* Contractor: Alliant Techsystems, Westinghouse
* Length: 9.5 ft (2.9 m)
* Weight: approx. 800 lb (360 kg)
* Diameter: 12.75 in (324 mm)
* Speed: > 40 kn (74 km/h)
* Power Plant: Stored Chemical Energy Propulsion System
* Propulsion: Pump Jet
* Guidance system: Active/passive acoustic homing
* Warhead: 100 lb (45 kg) high explosive

## Comparable weapons

* Stingray torpedo
* MU90 Impact
* Yu-11 torpedo
# Bent Jensen (equestrian)

Bent Jensen (born 21 May 1955) is a Danish equestrian. He competed in two events at the 1992 Summer Olympics.
# Kesheh, Isfahan

Kesheh (Persian: كشه) is a neighborhood in the city of Tarqrud in the Central District of Natanz County, Isfahan province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, Kesheh's population was 675 in 242 households, when it was a village in Tarq Rud Rural District. The following census in 2011 counted 708 people in 258 households.
After the census, the village of Tarq merged with the villages of Abkesheh, Baghestan-e Bala, Baghestan-e Pain, Kesheh, and Yahyaabad to form the city of Tarqrud.
# Eurythoe complanata

Eurythoe complanata, the iridescent fireworm, is a species of polychaetes belonging to the family Amphinomidae. It inhabits coral reefs, such as Heliopora reefs, in the Marshall Islands. It is typically found in shallow, warm tropical waters near rocks and coral.

## Description

The iridescent fireworm can be found in colors that vary from gray to green to pink. This species can grow to be up to 6 in (150 mm) long. It has tufted branchiae, used for respiration, starting on the second segment of its body and is located along the rest of the body. This species also has bristles along its body that produce a toxin that “stings”. It uses this as a defense mechanism against different predators and can also use into stun prey. It is a carnivorous species feeding on sponges, coral, mollusks, and even other worms. It can ingest its food all at once by expanding its lip by 4-5 times longer. It reproduces both sexually and asexually, by regeneration.

## Distribution and habitat

Eurythoe complanata can be found in most warm, tropical and subtropical waters. This includes areas such as the Indo-Pacific, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Mediterranean Sea. This species can be found up to depths of 1,100 m (3,600 ft). It is usually found in shallow waters near rocks, boulders, coral, and even in small rock pools.
# Brothers of Penitence

The Brothers of Penitence or Friars of the Sack (Fratres Saccati) were an Augustinian community also known as Boni Homines or Bonshommes, with houses in Spain, France and England.

## History

The "Friars of the Sack" were so called because of their simple clothing, usually made from sackcloth. The order was founded in Italy and followed a rule based on that of St. Augustine. The Brothers of Penitence lived a severe life. They wore rough sackcloth and walked either barefoot or with simple wooden sandals. The friars of the order never ate meat and were only allowed to drink water.
The Fratres Saccati arrived in Spain sometime in the thirteenth century. They had a house at Saragossa (Spain) in the time of Pope Innocent III (d. 1216) and one about the same time at Valenciennes (northern France). They had one house in Paris, in a street called after them the rue de Sachettes.
In 1257 they were introduced into England. Matthew Paris records under this year that "a certain new and unknown order of friars appeared in London", duly furnished with credentials from the Pope; and he mentions later that they were called from the style of their habit Fratres Saccati. They were first settled at Aldersgate Without but by 1272 had moved to Lothbury.
Paris' notation about a "novum ordum" has led some to suggest that the Fratres Saccati were the order quite soon afterwards established at Ashridge (Hertfordshire) and Edington (Wiltshire), though this was repudiated in a 1943 article in the journal Speculum by Richard Emory, who attributes the original connection to Helyot's Dictionnaire des Ordres Religieux, compiled in Paris in the mid-19th century.
The members in Italy joined the Bonites, founded by John Buoni, which in turn became part of the new mendicant order, the Hermits of Saint Augustine, established in 1256 by Pope Alexander IV with the papal bull Licet Ecclesiae catholicae. The order was suppressed as a result of a decree of the Council of Lyons in 1274; this led to the closure of the European friaries of the order, and the members were absorbed into other orders.

## Friaries in England

Besides London and perhaps Ashridge and Edington, several monastic houses have been linked to the order.
The Leicester Friary was founded before 1283 and is thought to have been just beyond the Western Gate of Leicester's old town walls. The friary was closed before 1295. There is a record of another house in Bishop's Lynn. A seal matrix of a Prior of this house was found in King's Lynn in 1992.<https://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/197412> Walter Bette of [[Clenchwart on|South Clenchwarton]], and Catherine his wife, made a grant to 'the brothers of penitence of Jesus Christ' of land with buildings in North Lynn. Queen Eleanor took the "Sac-Friars" under her protection and gave them land and a building on Colechurch Street in the City of London, in the parish of St Olave's Church. Other houses were in Cambridge (1258), Norwich (1266), Newcastle (1272), and Lincoln. At the Dissolution of the Monasteries, the house in Canterbury was given to the city.
# Castlemont High School

37°45′35″N 122°9′47″W﻿ / ﻿37.75972°N 122.16306°W﻿ / 37.75972; -122.16306
Castlemont High School is a public high school in Oakland, California, United States, originally known as East Oakland High School. It is part of the Oakland Unified School District. The Castlemont name was selected by a vote of the students.
Castlemont High School was founded in 1929 in a medieval-style building. The architecture inspires many of the school traditions, such as the sports teams being named "Knights" and "Crusaders" and the school newspaper Ye Castle Crier. The motto is "Build on and make thy castles high and fair, rising upward to the skies."
Its Basketball teams in, 1969, 1976, & 1979 were winners of the Tournament of Champions (T.O.C.), formerly the northern California championships, and its track team in 1975 Maurice Glass held high school indoor sprint record. In 1983, Derrick Adams took first place in the 130 lbs wrestling California State Championship, the only Oakland Section person to ever place first in his weight class.
Former School Choir, "The Castleers", whose members in the 1970s toured the world performing a variety of songs that included R&B and gospel.

## Castlemont Community of Small Schools

For an eight-year period, from 2004 to 2012, the large school housed three separate smaller schools called the Castlemont Community of Small Schools. The smaller schools were known by the names:
* Castlemont Leadership Preparatory High (10–12)
* Castlemont Business and Information Technology School (10–12) (CBITIS)
* East Oakland School of the Arts (10–12)
* Freshman Prep Academy (FPA)
A similar smaller school experiment was going on at the Fremont Federation of High Schools.
The school opened back under the reunified name "Castlemont High School" in the fall of 2012.

## Alumni

Notable alumni of Castlemont Senior High School include:
* Carole Ward Allen, former BART director and Oakland port commissioner
* Charlie Brown (b. 1948), former NFL wide receiver for the Detroit Lions
* Kali Muscle, American actor, author, bodybuilder, and entertainer
* Randy Sparks, the Christie Minstrels
* Larry Graham, former bass player with Sly and the Family Stone
* Steve Howard, former MLB player
* Fred Korematsu, Japanese Internment protester
* Leroy Reams, Major League Baseball player for Philadelphia Phillies
* Joe Morgan (1943–2020), baseball Hall of Famer, class of 1962
* Clifford T. Robinson (class of 1977), NBA Small forward
* Fred Silva (b. 1927), NFL official from 1968 to 1988, referee for Super Bowl XIV
* Steve Reeves (1926–2000), class of 1944 Most famous for his movie role of "Hercules", famous bodybuilder and actor.
* Gary Pettis (b. 1958), Major League Baseball player, current first base coach of the Houston Astros
* June Pointer (1953–2006), American Pop/R&B singer, the Pointer Sisters
* Richard "Dimples" Fields (1941–2000), American R&B and soul singer
* Raphael Saadiq (b. 1966), American R&B singer
* Betty Reid Soskin, oldest National Park Ranger serving the United States
# Caston High School

Caston Junior-Senior High School is a middle school and high school located in Fulton, Indiana. It is part of Caston School Corp which also includes Caston Elementary School. The two share a single campus and main building.
# Ken Kifer

Ken Kifer (October 23, 1945 – September 14, 2003) was an American writer, bicyclist and webmaster. Kifer was a Walden scholar and admirer of Henry David Thoreau, and wrote Analysis and Notes on Walden. His website is still a source of information on bicycling and especially bicycle touring.
Kifer was killed by a drunk driver in September 2003 while riding his bicycle 6 miles (9.7 km) from his home near Scottsboro, Alabama, USA.

## Biography

Kifer was born in Pittsburgh to Paul and Dorothy Kifer and moved to Gadsden, Alabama in 1954. He attended Jacksonville State University and was a fan of caving. A keen cyclist, Kifer went on many long and short tours many of which he chronicled on his website, and several that he did not, including one to the west coast of the United States that took him through Montana.
# Catholic Conference (Delaware)

The Catholic Conference is a high school sports conference comprising girls athletic programs in Delaware. Members include:
* Padua Academy
* St. Elizabeth High School
* Ursuline Academy
# Cave Creek School (Gillespie County, Texas)

Cave Creek School is located at 470 Cave Creek Road, in Gillespie County, in the U.S. state of Texas. Built in 1881, it was consolidated with Fredericksburg Independent School District in 1950. The building is now used as a community center. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in Texas on December 29, 2004.

## Community background

Cave Creek, Texas is an unincorporated farming and ranching community on FM 1631, approximately 10 miles (16 km) north of Fredericksburg. Tombstones in the Cave Creek Cemetery indicate a population primarily of German ancestry, settling into the area in the late 19th century. The area was named after the Pedernales River tributary of Cave Creek, on which it is located. The creek was so named because of natural caves along its course.

## School

In 1865, John Ebert donated 8 acres (0.03 km$^2$; 0.01 sq mi) of land to accommodate the need for a school for the community's children. James A. Larson was the first teacher in 1891 when the one-room schoolhouse opened for classes. A total of twenty teachers served students for sixty-eight years in the structure. Attendance peaked when Cora Hahn taught eighty-two students in 1917. A wood stove in the middle of the room heated the school in the winter, when the students brought in the wood to fuel it. The students were also responsible for cleaning the school. The end of school graduation ceremonies were an all-day community event that centered on a barbecue picnic and entertainment, with an afternoon graduation ceremony, culminating in an evening play presented by Cave Creek School alumni.
Local legend has it that one of the caves in the area was man-made by a recluse named Berg who brewed and sold moonshine, creating a cave to hide his activities and from the law enforcement. Known as Berg's Cave, the students often explored the site of the alleged moonshine business.
The school was consolidated with the Fredericksburg Independent School District in 1950. Cave Creek School was added to the National Register of Historic Places in Texas on December 29, 2004. The building is now used as a community center.
# Kerry International Dark-Sky Reserve

The Kerry International Dark-Sky Reserve (KIDSR; Irish: Tearmann Chiarraí na Spéire Dorcha) is a dark-sky preserve in County Kerry, Ireland. It was designated Ireland's first International Dark Sky Reserve by the International Dark-Sky Association (IDA). Kerry International Dark-Sky Reserve was awarded the Gold Tier Award on 27 January 2014, by the IDA. It was the first Gold Tier Reserve in the northern hemisphere, and is one of only four Gold Tier Dark-Sky Reserves in the world.

## Location

The Kerry International Dark-Sky Reserve is approximately 700 square kilometres (172,974 acres; 270 sq mi) in size and covers nine regions.
* Kells/Foilmore
* Cahersiveen
* Valentia Island
* Portmagee
* The Glen
* Ballinskelligs
* Waterville
* Dromid
* Derrynane/Caherdaniel
The Kerry Dark-Sky Group office is situated in Dungeagan, Ballinskelligs, County Kerry, Ireland.

## History

The Kerry Dark-Sky Group was created in 2013 after several out-reach meetings with local community groups in the Reserve at the request of attendees to the gatherings. The purpose of the Kerry Dark-Sky Group is to promote astro-tourism in the Reserve via community projects, local outreach, and events.

### Collaborations

On 5 August 2014 The Kerry International Dark-Sky Reserve officially twinned with the Aoraki Mackenzie Gold Tier Reserve in New Zealand.
# La Ferrière-Harang

La Ferrière-Harang (French pronunciation: ) is a former commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Souleuvre-en-Bocage.
# Fulchran-Jean Harriet

Fulchran-Jean Harriet (1776 – 9 September 1805) was a French academic painter.

## Life

He was born in Paris. A student of David, he won the Prix de Rome in 1793 with Brutus, killed in battle, is brought back to Rome, and in 1798 with a painting on the theme of Battle of the Horatii and the Curiatii.
He exhibited at the Paris Salon from 1796 to 1802. At the Salon of 1806 a posthumous exhibition of his work was organised, though an earlier one had been improvised at the French Academy in Rome just after his death there in 1805, centred on his major uncompleted canvas Horatius Cocles defending the pons Sublicius.

## Salon-exhibited paintings

* 1796
** n° 200, Ariadne abandoned by Theseus on the isle of Naxos.
** n° 201, Two subjects drawn from the story of Hero and Leander.
** drawings: n° 202 Oedipus at Colonus and Sappho and Anacreon.
* 1799
** n° 155, Portrait of citizeness G.. in the bath.
* 1800
** n° 181, Dying Virgil.
** n° 182, The Death of Raphael, allegorical drawing
** Portrait of a woman.
* 1802
** Portrait of an author.
** Portrait of a child.
* 1806
** n° 244 Hylas abducted by Nymphs, mentioned as belonging to his widow, an artist in her own right
** n° 245 Hero and Leander, drawing, mentioned as belonging to his widow

## Works
### Surviving

* Portrait of a young boy holding a hoop, Orléans, Musée des Beaux-Arts, oil on canvas, 51 by 38 cm, signed and dated on the hoop Harriet fecit 1797, bought by the city in 1901.
* Battle of the Horatii and the Curiatii, Paris, École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts, oil on canvas, 113 par 145, Prix de Rome for painting in 1798, acquired 27 December 1884.
* Head of a young man Archived 2007-09-29 at the Wayback Machine, possibly a self-portrait, Paris, Musée du Louvre, crayon and stump, 0.40 by 0.32 cm, annotated in the lower right hand corner : Hariette, Élève de David, mort à Rome, at the base 1795, formerly in the collection of the painter Pierre-Maximilien Delafontaine, another student of David, bought in 1999 from the galerie de Bayser, Paris; bibliography: François Viatte, Revue du Louvre, 1999, n° 4, page 93, n° 12
* Marat dying, Versailles, Musée Lambinet, oil on canvas.
* Oedipus at Colonus, 1798, (Cleveland, Museum of Art)

### Known in engravings

* The Night of 9/10 thermidor year II Archived 2007-09-29 at the Wayback Machine, or The Arrest of Robespierre, Paris, Musée Carnavalet, colour engraving by Jean-Joseph-François Tassaert after Harriet, showing the gendarme Charles-André Merda firing the shot which broke Robespierre's jaw
* Brutus, dead in battle, is brought back to Rome, 1793

## Public sales

* Cephalus and Procris, oil on canvas, 96 by 182, Sotheby's New York City, 28 February 1990, lot 3, valued at 15,400 $.