OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Iriomote submarine volcano

The Iriomote submarine volcano is an active submarine volcano located 20 km (12 mi) north of Iriomote Island, Japan. The volcano is also known as the Submarine Volcano NNE of Iriomotejima. Its only reported eruption occurred on October 31, 1924—measuring a Volcanic explosivity index (VEI) of 5, it is one of the largest historical eruptions in Japan. However, scientific knowledge about the eruption is sparse.

## 1924 eruption

A volcanic eruption was first observed by the crew of the Miyako Maru, a ship belonging to Mitsui O.S.K. Lines. It traveled from Iriomote Island en route to the Port of Keelung. A report was filed by Captain Naoichi Kano while sailing the Hatoma Channel between Iriomote and Hatoma islands towards Ishigaki Island. At 9:35 a.m, the sea was reportedly discolored over 10 km (6.2 mi). Pumice blanketed the ocean from the islands of Akari to Iriomote. The Captain Kano concluded that this was the product of a submarine eruption and diverted its course from east towards Ishigaki Island to north-northeast. At 11:05 a.m., due to poor visibility from worsening weather, the ship returned to Nakara Port on Iriomote Island, from where it had departed.
Immediately after returning to port, the Captain Kano reported to the incident to Okinawa authorities, the nearby weather station, and Osaka Merchant Marine by telegram. The local newspaper on Ishigaki Island published an extra on the same day to cover the eruption. In the newspaper, a local shaman predicted that a tsunami would strike on the day after the eruption. Rumors spread across Ishigaki Island, causing confusion among the islanders. Residents evacuated to an elementary on a hill and refused to sleep for fear of the tsunami. Several people committed burglary in homes abandoned by their inhabitants. Local knowledge of a destructive tsunami affecting the Sakishima Islands in 1771 was a factor that contributed to the chaos.
The harbour on Iriomote Island, close to the eruption, was covered in a layer of pumice and ash which lasted for three months. The port was closed and ships were unable to sail. About three weeks after the eruption, pumice washed up on the coasts of various parts of the Okinawa Islands. The Tsushima and Kuroshio currents carried the pumice to other parts of Japan. One year following the eruption, pumice was found on Rebun Island in Hokkaido. The distribution of pumice provided information for ocean currents research due to its sparse understanding at the time. A month after the eruption, pumice washed up along the coast of the Yaeyama Islands. Some pumice were the size of a tatami, enough to keep two or three people afloat. An estimated 1 km$^3$ (0.24 cu mi) of pumice was ejected during the eruption. The pumice is 73 percent composed of rhyolite and silicon dioxide, and 1 percent of potassium oxide.

## Eruption size

The estimated volume of this eruption was 1 km$^3$ (0.24 cu mi), corresponding to a VEI of 5. It is one of the largest eruptions in Japan, with only seven events confirmed within the last 1,000 years. It was recently attributed to the volcano in 2022 by the Global Volcanism Program.
# Melbourne Baseball Club

The Melbourne Baseball Club, nicknamed the Demons, is a baseball club based in the inner Melbourne suburb of Box Hill. The club is the baseball section affiliated with the Melbourne Cricket Club (MCC).
Having been established as the baseball section of the MCC in 1888, it is one of the oldest baseball clubs in Australia.

## History

The club had been involved in baseball since 1857, when a group of cricket enthusiasts played a game held in the Carlton Gardens. By the 1860s S.P. Lord led several attempts to organise baseball in Melbourne, although the game never progressed beyond games in the Carlton Gardens.
The 1876 Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition showed that the United States was on the road to become an economic world power and baseball could be a crucial link between the US and the new colony. From then on, American influence became more pronounced. The Melbourne International Exhibition (1880) caught the attention of several foreign observers who realised that Melbourne looked like an "American-style" city.
In October 1885, members of the Melbourne Cricket Club played the officers of the US Enterprise which were the first ever played at the Melbourne Cricket Ground. The American won 23–17 but they could watch the progress of the Australians in the sport. To commemorate the United States Declaration of Independence in 1887, the American Baseball Club established in Melbourne played a team captained by H.F. Boyle of the MCC, being defeated.
The MCC committee continued to support the expansion of local interest in baseball. In 1888 they resolved to form a team and arrange exhibition games as a preparation for a visit to the US. The MCC played the MBC who were American expatriated mostly. The game, played in Albert Park, saw MCC to win 35–29.
   The scores were tolerably even until Bruce, of the Melbourne took the position of thrower, and Cotter went behind the striker. Bruce performed the equivalent of the “hat trick” in cricket, or, in other words, he put their opponents out before they had even scored a base. Their catching gave the cricketers a decided advantage, but their opponents could handle the bat with more telling effect.
The matches against the resident Americans became a regular practise during those times.
On December 23, 1888, Melbourne played a four-inning game against the Chicago White Stockings of the American National League, visiting Australia as part of the Spalding World Tour, before a crowd of 12,000; cricketer William Bruce was pitcher for the Melbourne side, who was reported to have "very good form for a novice."
# Elias Salomon Nathan

Elias Salomon Nathan (17 May 1807 – 5 July 1862) was a German author and physician.
He was born in Eutin, Duchy of Oldenburg, to Caroline (née Warrisch) and Salomon Aaron Nathan. He studied medicine at the University of Kiel, receiving his M.D. in 1830. He took part in the Polish campaign, and afterward settled in Hamburg as a physician.
In addition to his literary activity in medical science, he devoted himself to Jewish learning. Under the pseudonym "Dr. Essenna" he translated Joseph Salvador's Histoire des institutions de Moïse et du peuple hébreu into German, with an introduction by Gabriel Riesser. Under the same pseudonym he published Gedanken aus dem Tagebuche eines Juden über die Drei Grossen Propheten der Europäischen Geschichte.

## Publications

* De febre intermittente traumatica. Diss. inaug (in Latin). Kiliæ: C. F. Mohr. 1830.
* Denkwürdige Beispiele aus der Kirchengeschichte für herrschende und beherrschte Gemeinschaften (in German). Hamburg: Nestler u. Co. 1835.
* Gedanken aus dem Tagebuche eines Juden über die Drei Grossen Propheten der Europäischen Geschichte (in German). Hamburg: F. H. Nestler und Melle. 1836. hdl:2027/uc1.a0012410320.
* Geschichte der Mosaischen Institutionen und des jüdischen Volks (in German). Vol. 1. Hamburg: Hoffmann und Campe. 1836.
* Geschichte der Mosaischen Institutionen und des jüdischen Volks (in German). Vol. 2. Hamburg: Hoffmann und Campe. 1836.
* Geschichte der Mosaischen Institutionen und des jüdischen Volks (in German). Vol. 3. Hamburg: Hoffmann und Campe. 1836.
* Über Aether-Rausch (in German). Hamburg: Perthes-Besser & Mauke. 1847.
* Über das psychische Lachen (in German). Hamburg: Perthes-Besser & Mauke. 1843.
# Glen Robinson (cricketer)

Glen Robinson (born 28 June 1971) is a Guyanese cricketer. He played in four List A matches for Guyana in 1994/95 and 1995/96.
# 147 BC

Year 147 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Aemilianus and Drusus (or, less frequently, year 607 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 147 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Ireland

* Corlea Trackway completed.

#### Roman Republic

* Scipio Aemilianus takes command of the Siege of Carthage.
* In Lusitania, Hispania, the Celtic king Viriathus, rallies Lusitanian resistance to Rome.

#### Syria

* Demetrius II of Syria returns to Syria (approximate date).
* Jonathan Maccabaeus conquers Joppa.

#### Greece

* Macedonia becomes a part of the Roman Empire.

## Deaths

* Bo, Chinese empress of the Western Han Dynasty
# Boettgeria

Boettgeria is a genus of small, very elongate, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails, all of which have a clausilium.
This genus of door snails should not be confused with a genus of slugs that has a similar name: Boettgerilla Simroth, 1910.

## Species

Species within the genus Boettgeria include:
* Boettgeria crispa (Lowe, 1831)
* Boettgeria deltostoma (Lowe, 1831)
* Boettgeria depauperata (Lowe, 1831)
* Boettgeria exigua (Lowe, 1831)
* Boettgeria jensi Neubert & Groh, 1998
* Boettgeria lorenziana Groh & Hemmen, 1984
* Boettgeria lowei Groh & Hemmen, 1984
* Boettgeria obesiuscula (Lowe, 1863)
# RS-102221

RS-102221 is a drug developed by Hoffmann–La Roche, which was one of the first compounds discovered that acts as a potent and selective antagonist at the serotonin 5-HT$_{2C}$ receptor, with around 100× selectivity over the closely related 5-HT$_{2A}$ and 5-HT$_{2B}$ receptors. It has anxiolytic effects in animal studies, increases the effectiveness of SSRI antidepressants, and shows a complex interaction with cocaine, increasing some effects but decreasing others, reflecting a role for the 5-HT$_{2C}$ receptor in regulation of the dopamine signalling system in the brain.
# Reni, Alwar

Reni is a town (Tehsil, Municipality and Block) in Alwar district of the Indian state of Rajasthan, situated 205 km from Delhi and 122 km from Jaipur. It is situated in between Bandkui and Karanpura station. Reni is Municipality area since 2024 and have population around 22500.Reni also have SDM(sub divisional magistrate) Court and Civil Court. This page is created by Hitesh.gaur321 Reni in August 2016.all information is authentic.

## Geography

Reni city is surrounded by mountains so it is known as Neel Nagri. There are many villages near Reni such as Cheemapura, Dera, Dagdaga, Tahtara, Parveni, Kharagpur, Nimbola etc. The town of Dausa is also not very far from Reni tehsil.

## Education

Reni is listed in one of the "Educationally Backward RURAL Areas " of Rajasthan 's Alwar district.
While one part of distt. (Alwar )have great educational facilities along with city itself, one the other hand this province is lacking from basic primary english medium education even in other parts like reni, some of the schools are ,"so-called Eng. Medium", having English textbooks but hindi medium teachers simultaneously(including govt. Institutions).
* Swami vivekanand Government model school, Dera :- { A 2013 initiative of Manmohan Singh's government to provide quality of education in educationally backward rural areas, co-affiliated with CBSE having 80% Central govt.'s budget share and remaining through state govt. was a milestone of educational reforms to render quality education like KVs, Sainik schools but which emerged as major failure following Excessive Staff shortage both teaching and non-teaching .
* Swami Vivekanand govt model school Reni
* Sant Siya Ram Public School
* Pratibha school, Reni
* Govt high school, Reni
* Adarsh govt girls sr. sec. school, Reni
* Vivekanand sr.sec. school, Reni
* Adarsh shiksha mandir, Reni
* Sant tersa sr. sec. school
* Sunrise international school
* Baba ki Coaching, Reni

### Colleges

* Govt. ITI college
* Gomti devi iti college
* Sant bhagvati das college, Pinan
* shri sai ITI College, Reni
* Saraswati ITI college, Reni
* Saraswati B.ed college, Reni
* Saraswati Art's college, Reni
* Government Girl's college (since 2021 without infrastructure) currently working in two allotted rooms of government Senior Secondary School, Reni

## Banks

* Punjab National Bank
* State Bank of India (coming soon)
* Rajasthan Gramin bank
* Co-operative bank

## Villages

Reni include multiple villages:
* Cheemapura (6 km)
* Dagdaga (9 km)
* Rampura (8 km)
* Bhuleri(7 km)
* Danpur(5 km)
* Dera(6 km)
* Hataoj(3 km)
* itoli (3 km)
* Perveni (3 km)
* Machari (11 km)
* Pinan (12 km)
* Ghari Sawai Ram (10 km)
* Jamdoli (10 km)
* Bhajera (5 km)
* Bahadurpur (6 km)
* Hirnoti (10 km)
* Rampura (8 km)
* Tehatada (4 km)
* Bajoli (3 km)
* Thumda (4.5 km)
* Mandawar (17 km)
* Rajgarh (16 km)
* Mundiya (3.5 km)
* Nangal (2 km)
* Alwar (52 km)
* ADOOKA (15 km)
* Bairer (10km)
# Mana Peak

Mana Peak (Hindi: मना पर्वत) is a mountain in India. It is the 5th highest mountain located entirely within Uttarakhand. Nanda Devi is the highest mountain in this category. There are two known approaches to Mana Peak: one is the eastern approach through East Kamet glacier and the other is the southern approach through Nagthuni and Banke Kund glacier.
Mana Peak was first climbed solo in 1937 by Frank Smythe during his famous Valley of Flowers expedition.
# Viessoix

Viessoix (French pronunciation: ) is a former commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Valdallière.
# Jetřichovice

Jetřichovice (German: Dittersbach) is a municipality and village in Děčín District in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants. The folk architecture in the village of Vysoká Lípa is well preserved and is protected by law as a village monument zone.
Jetřichovice lies approximately 19 kilometres (12 mi) north-east of Děčín, 35 km (22 mi) north-east of Ústí nad Labem, and 88 km (55 mi) north of Prague.

## Administrative division

Jetřichovice consists of four municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
* Jetřichovice (147)
* Rynartice (42)
* Všemily (73)
* Vysoká Lípa (110)

## Gallery

* Upper Lusatian house
* Church of Saint John of Nepomuk
* Gazebo near the centre of Jetřichovice
# Moorefield Formation

The Moorefield Formation, or Moorefield Shale, is a geologic formation in northern Arkansas and eastern Oklahoma that dates to the Meramecian Series of the middle Mississippian. In Arkansas, this formation is generally recognized to have one member, the Ruddell Shale, in the upper Moorefield Formation.

## Paleofauna
### Bryozoans

* Archimedes
    A. confertus
    A. proutanus
* Batostomella
    B. dubla
    B. parvula
* Tabulipora

### Cephalopods

* Adnatoceras
    A. alaskense
* Bactrites
    B. caronarius
    B. smithianus
* Endolobus
    E. ornatus
* Girtyoceras
    G. welleri
* Goniaties
* Mitorthoceras
# C/1490 Y1

C/1490 Y1 is a comet that was recorded and observed across East Asia, particularly China and Korea, from December 1490 to February 1491. It is the parent body of the Quadrantids meteor shower.

## Orbit

John Russell Hind, Benjamin Peirce, and Ichiro Hasegawa made the initial orbital calculations for the comet, which all resulted in a parabolic trajectory around the Sun.
# Sofpironium bromide

Sofpironium bromide, sold under the brand name Ecclock among others, is a medication used to treat hyperhidrosis (excessive sweating). Sofpironium bromide is an anticholinergic agent that is applied to the skin.
It was approved for medical use in Japan in 2020, and in the United States in June 2024.

## Medical uses

Sofpironium bromide is indicated for the treatment of primary axillary hyperhidrosis.

## Mechanism of action

The pharmacodynamics of sofpironium bromide are unknown.

## Society and culture
### Legal status

It was approved for medical use in Japan in November 2020, and in the United States in June 2024.

### Brand names

Sofpironium bromide is the international nonproprietary name.
It is sold under the brand name Ecclock in Japan and under the brand name Sofdra in the US.
# Pat Wood

Pat Wood may refer to:
* Pat O'Hara Wood (1891–1961), Australian tennis player
* Patrick H. "Pat" Wood (born 1962), Texas lawyer and government official
# Mr. Football Award (South Carolina)

The South Carolina Mr. Football Award is an honor given to the top high school football player in the state of South Carolina. Past winners have often proceeded to have successful college careers and even play in the National Football League (NFL).

## Award winners

Professional teams listed are teams known.
| Year | Player | Position | High School | College | Professional team(s) |
| 1991 | Jumpity Springster | RB | Stratford | South Carolina |
| 1992 | Stephen Davis | RB | Spartanburg | Auburn | Washington Redskins, Carolina Panthers, St. Louis Rams |
| 1993 | Jeff Coleman | DT | Gaffney | Tennessee | CFL - Montreal Alouettes |
| 1994 | Anthony Downs | RB | Berea | Clemson | |
| 1995 | Jermale Kelley | WR | Berea | South Carolina | NFL Europe - Berlin, Rhein |
| 1996 | Kyle Young | OL | Daniel | Clemson | |
| 1997 | Chris Hope | DB | Rock Hill | Florida State | Pittsburgh Steelers, Tennessee Titans |
| 1998 | Derek Watson | RB | Palmetto | South Carolina | Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Calgary Stampeders |
| 1999 | Mark Logan | QB | Greenwood | Georgia Tech | |
| 2000 | Roscoe Crosby | WR | Union | Clemson | |
| 2001 | Moe Thompson | DE | Stratford | South Carolina | |
| 2002 | Eric McCollom | QB | Camden | Iowa | |
| 2003 | Trey Elder | QB | Byrnes | Appalachian State | |
| 2004 | J.D. Melton | QB | Myrtle Beach | Navy | |
| 2005 | Prince Miller | DB | Byrnes | Georgia | Baltimore Ravens, Detroit Lions, Indianapolis Colts, Cleveland Browns, Saskatchewan Roughriders |
| 2006 | Malcolm Long | QB | Gaffney | South Carolina State | |
| 2007 | Richard Mounce | QB | Blythewood | Clemson**/Charleston Southern | |
| 2008 | Stephon Gilmore | CB | South Pointe | South Carolina | Buffalo Bills, New England Patriots Carolina Panthers Indianapolis Colts Dallas Cowboys |
| 2009 | Marcus Lattimore | RB | Byrnes | South Carolina | San Francisco 49ers |
| 2010 | Jadeveon Clowney | DE | South Pointe | South Carolina | Houston Texans, Seattle Seahawks, Tennessee Titans, Cleveland Browns, Baltimore Ravens, Carolina Panthers |
| 2011 | Shaq Roland | WR | Lexington | South Carolina / West Georgia | Chicago Bears |
| 2012 | Tramel Terry | WR | Goose Creek | Georgia / Jacksonville State | |
| 2013 | Jacob Park | QB | Stratford | Georgia / Iowa State | |
| 2014 | Matt Colburn | RB | Dutch Fork | Wake Forest | Los Angeles Rams |
| 2015 | Tavien Feaster | RB | Spartanburg | Clemson/South Carolina | Arizona Cardinals |
| 2016 | Gage Moloney | QB | Northwestern | James Madison | |
| 2017 | Dakereon Joyner | QB | Fort Dorchester | South Carolina |
| 2018 | Zacch Pickens | DE | TL Hanna | South Carolina | Chicago Bears |
| 2019 | Luke Doty | QB | Myrtle Beach | South Carolina |
| 2020 | Tyrion Ingram-Dawkins | DL | Gaffney | Georgia |
| 2021 | Jaylen Sneed | LB | Hilton Head Island | Notre Dame |
| 2022 | Xzavier McLeod | DL | Camden | South Carolina |
| 2023 | Josiah Thompson | OL | Dillon High School | South Carolina |
| 2024 | Will Wilson | QB | Richland Northeast | NC State |
**baseball only. After one season of Tiger baseball, Mounce transferred to Charleston Southern to play football.
# Richard Rohoman

Richard Rohoman (29 July 1910 – 11 April 1953) was a Guyanese cricketer. He played in two first-class matches for British Guiana in 1933/34 and 1934/35.
# Noble Beast

Noble Beast is the fifth solo studio album by the American singer-songwriter Andrew Bird, and his eighth overall. It was released on January 20, 2009. Two songs from this album were previewed on his webpage; "Oh No" and "Carrion Suite", while the entire album was made available by NPR as a streaming feed. Noble Beast was made available as a standard CD release, a special limited-edition deluxe two-CD package and a double-LP package.
The track "Tenuousness" appears in the closing credits for the 2011 movie Crazy, Stupid, Love.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 79/100 |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The A.V. Club | (B+) |
| Drowned in Sound | (9/10) |
| The Guardian | |
| LA Times | |
| Paste | (6.7/10) |
| Tiny Mix Tapes | |
| Pitchfork Media | (7.5/10) |
| Rolling Stone | |
| The Skinny | |
| Spin | (7/10) |
| Uncut | |
The album received a Metacritic score of 79 out of 100 based on 29 reviews, indicating generally favorable reviews.
The album debuted on the Billboard 200 chart at No. 12, and No. 3 on the Top Rock Albums Albums chart, selling 26,000 copies in the first week. The album has sold 150,000 copies in the United States as of December 2011.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Andrew Bird, except where noted

## Other appearances

* "Not a Robot, But a Ghost" samples from the song "First Impossible," which appears on Dosh's album Wolves and Wishes.
* "The Privateers" uses the same lyrics as "The Confession," a song appearing on Oh! The Grandeur by Andrew Bird's Bowl of Fire.
* A different version of "Section 8 City" appears on Fingerlings 4.

## Useless Creatures (Deluxe edition bonus disc)

The limited edition of Noble Beast shipped with a companion disc of instrumental songs, entitled Useless Creatures. This collection was made available on Bird's website in early January, before the album's release. Noble Beast / Useless Creatures was deleted after a single run, both in the US and the UK, exclusively.

## Personnel

* Andrew Bird – violin, vocals, whistling, guitar
* Martin Dosh – percussion, looping, keys
* Jeremy Ylvislaker – guitar, bass, organ, shortwave
* Kelly Hogan – background vocals
* Mike Lewis – clarinet
* Todd Sickafoose – double bass
* Ben Martin – cardboard box drums
* Tony Crow – juno

## Charts

| Chart (2009) | Peak position |
| Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders) | 77 |
| French Albums (SNEP) | 62 |
| Dutch Albums (Album Top 100) | 64 |
| US Billboard 200 | 12 |
| US Digital Albums (Billboard) | 2 |
| US Independent Albums (Billboard) | 1 |
| US Top Rock Albums (Billboard) | 3 |
| US Top Tastemaker Albums (Billboard) | 2 |
# Hlodvir Thorfinnsson

Hlodvir Thorfinnsson (Old Norse: Hlǫðvir Þorfinnsson; c. 945–988), was a Viking leader who served as Jarl of Orkney, overseeing the Northern Isles from about 980 to 987. He is mentioned in the Orkneyinga saga, as well as in the sagas of Óláfr Tryggvason and St. Olaf. Beyond the saga records of Hlodvir, little verifiable information is known.
Hlodvir was the son of the Jarl Thorfinn Torf-Einarsson and Grelod, and he became jarl after the death of his brother, Ljot, who died from wounds suffered at the Battle of Skitten Mire.
Hlodvir married Eðnu, a descendant of Cerball mac Dúnlainge, king of Osraige, with whom he had, and at least two daughters: one who married the Hebridean chieftain Gilli, and another who married Hávarð, steward of Caithness. He was also married to Ragnhild Eriksdotter. His son Sigurd the Stout is either born from Eðnu or Ragnhild.
Hlodvir died from an illness in 988 and was succeeded by his son, Sigurd II "the Stout". Hlodvir was buried in Höfn, Caithness, which is believed to be Huna, Scotland.
# Vadamalapeta mandal

Vadamalapeta mandal is one of the 34 mandals in Tirupati district of Andhra Pradesh in India. It has its headquarters at Vadamalapeta village and is part of Tirupati revenue division.

## History

The mandal was a part of Chittoor district and was made part of the newly formed Tirupati district on 4 April 2022 as part of district reorganisation.
# Walter Fields

Walter Fields (16 March 1879 – 7 February 1942) was a Barbadian cricketer. He played in three first-class matches for the Barbados cricket team from 1907 to 1913.
# Charles Bourne (cricketer)

Charles Bourne (13 October 1910 – 26 August 1975) was a Barbadian cricketer. He played in thirteen first-class matches for the Barbados cricket team from 1931 to 1943.