OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Imperial estate (Roman)

An imperial estate (patrimonium or res privata) in the Roman Empire it was the "personal property of members of the imperial family, as distinct from property belonging to the Roman state" (ager publicus). On the Emperor's death, these properties passed to his successor, and not to his private heirs.
Imperial estates were not only farming estates, or latifundia, but also pastures (saltus) and mines (metalla). Management of imperial estates within a province was the responsibility of a procurator who, in turn, reported to the procurator patrimonii in Rome. The procurator leased the estate to a conductor, a contractor, or administrator. On small estates, the conductor might farm the land himself. On larger tracts, the conductor sub-let the land to coloni, tenant-farmers. Coloni were free men, and not bound to the land like later serfs. The coloni paid the conductor in shares of their crops, and were also obliged to perform other services a few days a year.
"At one period or another there seem to have been estates in most provinces of the empire." Estates were acquired in various ways: by "confiscation, acquisition by conquest and inheritance." Imperial estates might be disposed of through sales or given as gifts, to individuals, to temples, and later to christian churches. Land which remained imperial property was usually leased out. It is difficult to estimate how much land was directly owned by the emperor. In North Africa in the fifth century, land registers show that he owned around 15–18%.
# Benjamin Harrison (judge)

Benjamin Harrison (December 18, 1888 – August 13, 1960) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of California.

## Education and career

Born in San Bernardino, California, Harrison read law to enter the bar in 1914. He was in private practice in Needles, California from 1917 to 1923, and in San Bernardino from 1923 to 1937, and was city attorney of Needles from 1918 to 1937. He was also a member of the Board of Education of San Bernardino from 1928 to 1932. He was the United States Attorney for the Southern District of California from 1937 to 1940.

## Federal judicial service

On June 11, 1940, Harrison was nominated by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to a new seat on the United States District Court for the Southern District of California created by 54 Stat. 219. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on June 22, 1940, and received his commission on June 26, 1940. He served as Chief Judge in 1959, and continued to serve on the court until his death on August 13, 1960.
# Fabidji

Fabidji is a village and rural commune in Niger. As of 2012, it had a population of 39,713.
# Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1812)

The Treaty of Saint Petersburg was signed in Saint Petersburg on April 5, 1812, between Sweden and the Russian Empire. The treaty established an alliance between Russia and Sweden against the French Empire of Napoleon. The alliance was invoked during the War of the Sixth Coalition.
# The Guilty Man

The Guilty Man is a lost 1918 American silent drama film directed by Irvin Willat and starring William Garwood, Vivian Reed, and Gloria Hope. The film was based on a play by Charles Klein.

## Plot

As described in a film magazine, Marie Dubois (Reed), deserted by her lover before the birth of her child, marries Flambon (French), who is cruel and heartless. When her daughter Claudine (Hope) reaches womanhood, Flambon forces her to sing in his cafe and then endeavors her to marry one of his creditors. Marie interferes and Flambon takes hold of her by the throat. Claudine, fearing for her mother's safety, kills him. She is arrested and taken before the grand prosecutor, who discovers that Claudine is really his own child. During the trial he enforces the same rigidity which have characterized his other trials, but in the end confesses that he is the girl's father, resigns his position, and places himself at the mercy of the public. He is allowed to go free and solemnly promises to make up to his wife and daughter what they have missed.

## Cast

* Vivian Reed as Marie Dubois
* Gloria Hope as Claudine Flambon
* William Garwood as Claude Lescuyer
* J.P. Lockney as Lescuyer, Senior
* Charles French as Flambon (credited as Charles French)
* Hal Cooley as Gaston Marceau (credited as Hal Cooley)
* John Steppling as Jean Michaud
* Hayward Mack as Jacques Ristac

## Reception

Like many American films of the time, The Guilty Man was subject to cuts by city and state film censorship boards. For example, the Chicago Board of Censors issued the film an Adults Only permit and required cuts of three intertitles "There is something you must do", "I have no right to bring a nameless child into the world", and "I must obey the law — I cannot sanction immorality", and the actual shooting scene.
# Herbert Wilde

Herbert Wilde (31 July 1940 – 25 September 2018) is a German racing cyclist. He rode in the 1967 Tour de France.
# Trade mission

Trade mission is a tool for governments to promote and market exports. It is smaller in scale compared to trade fairs and can be useful when firms are trying to entering a foreign market.

## Considerations

Several factors are needed to be considered whenever a business executive is trying to join a trade mission. Clearly stating the goal of trade mission before the departure is important. Choosing the target industry and the participants is a crucial aspect. Executives have to analyze the costs and possible future benefits of trade mission. Careful evaluation of the agenda is required. Target audience should be decided upon actual trade mission.

## Controversy regarding Trade Mission

Trade missions are supposed to be about developing trade opportunities. However, when government agency is involved, there is controversy regarding international politics being involved. Trade mission might not be conducted targeting particular industry or actual companies which won't be about developing international trade but international politics.

## Canada

In Canada, trade missions which include both the federal and provincial governments working together (perhaps also with cities and private businesses) are called "Team Canada Missions"
Canada has conducted regular trade missions since 1994, often led by the Prime Minister. The Canadian government claims these missions generate tens of billions of dollars in business deals. While Canadian exports and imports are higher than average to countries with which it has trade missions, the missions do not seem to have caused the increase and have negative or mainly insignificant effects.

## UK

UK sends British High commissions to India for trade missions. UK's continuous efforts with India in having trade missions in both countries have brought huge economic benefits.
# 1996–97 Taça de Portugal

The 1996–97 Taça de Portugal was the 57th edition of the Portuguese football knockout tournament, organized by the Portuguese Football Federation (FPF). The 1996–97 Taça de Portugal began in September 1996. The final was played on 10 June 1997 at the Estádio Nacional.
Benfica were the previous holders, having defeated Sporting CP 3–1 in the previous season's final. Boavista defeated cup holders Benfica, 3–2 in the final to win their fifth Taça de Portugal. As a result of Boavista winning the domestic cup competition, the Axadrezados faced 1996–97 Primeira Divisão winners Porto in the 1997 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira.

## Sixth round

Ties were played between the 9 March and the 22 April. Due to the odd number of teams involved at this stage of the competition, Maia qualified for the quarter-finals due to having no opponent to face at this stage of the competition.

## Quarter-finals

Ties were played between the 2 April and the 7 May.

## Semi-finals

Ties were played between the 30 April and 21 May.
# Jack Turnbull (footballer)

John Charles McNicol Turnbull (30 December 1885 – 2 May 1917) was an Australian rules footballer , who played with South Melbourne in the Victorian Football League.

## Family

The son of Charles William Turnbull (1862–1912), and Agnes Turnbull (1861–1915), née McNicol, John Charles McNicol Turnbull was born at Horsham, Victoria on 30 December 1885.
He married Mary Ellen Adams (1890–1974) in 1912.

## Football

He played 12 games for South Melbourne First XVIII in 1908; and, after this short VFL career, he returned to the bush and settled in Ballarat.

## Military service

Employed as a bricklayer, he enlisted in the First AIF, and left Australia for overseas service on HMAT Ascanius (A11) on 27 May 1916.

## Death

He was severely wounded in action on the Western Front on 30 April 1917, and died of his wounds on 2 May 1917.
Buried at the Trois Arbres Cemetery, at Steenwerck in Northern France, he left a widow and five children, one of whom was born after he left for overseas service.
# Brest Charter

The Brest Charter was a document signed by several European far-left separatist groups in February 1974, in Brest, Brittany, France. The Charter advocated for a Europe of independent socialist states and affirmed “the right of the oppressed people to respond to counter-revolutionary violence with revolutionary violence.” The initial signatories were the Official branch of the Irish Republican Movement (represented by Eoin Ó Murchú), the Breton Democratic Union (UDB), and the Galician People's Union (UPG). Herriko Alderdi Sozialista signed the charter a few weeks later.
Other signatories included Cymru Goch, Socialist Party of National Liberation, Catalan Workers Left, Su Populu Sardu, and Occitan Struggle.
At the time, the Charter attracted little attention within the Official Republican Movement, which was more focused on establishing links with the Soviet Union.
The Charter was reaffirmed at a gathering in San Sebastián in November 1977. The Official Republican Movement, which was moving away from armed struggle, did not send a representative to a follow-up meeting in 1978.
# João Assis

João Assis (born July 11, 1983), is a Brazilian Brazilian jiu-jitsu practitioner and a former mixed martial artist. Assis is a world no-gi champion and an ADCC gold and silver medalist. João became the 2013 ADCC Submission Grappling World Champion by defeating Dean Lister in the finals.

## Bio

Joao Francisco de Moraes Assis is Brazilian Brazilian jiu-jitsu black belt under Leonardo Vieira.

## Main achievements

Assis won the following titles:
* ADCC Champion (2013)
* World Nogi Champion (2015, 2010)
* World Champion (2007 – purple belt division)
* World Cup Champion (2007 – open weight division, purple belt – CBJJE)
* Pan American Champion (2009 – open weight, brown belt division)
* 10x Grapplers Quest Champion
* 2x NAGA Champion – NO GI advanced (2009 weight and open weight)
* 2x NAGA Champion – Jiu Jitsu (2009 weight and open weight)
* 2008 World NO GI Champion (2008 – brown belt division)
* 4x American National Champion
* California State Champion (2009 – open weight)
* ADCC Silver Medallist (2011)

## Mixed martial arts record

Fights record
Professional record breakdown :
| 12 matches | 5 wins | 6 losses |
| By knockout | 2 | 6 |
| By submission | 3 | 0 |
| No contests | 1 | 1 |
| Res. | Record | Opponent | Method | Event | Date | Round | Time | Location |
| Loss | 5-6 (1) | Lorenz Larkin | KO (Slam) | Respect In The Cage 10 | July 21, 2010 | 1 | 1:43 | Los Angeles, California, United States |
| Loss | 5-5 (1) | Gerson Cordeiro | KO (Punches) | M-1 Challenge 19: 2009 Semifinals | September 26, 2009 | 1 | 3:50 | Rustov Oblast, Russia |
| Loss | 5-4 (1) | Augusto Montano | TKO (Punches) | Total Combat 33 | July 11, 2009 | 1 | 4:43 | Mexico City, Mexico |
| Loss | 5-3 (1) | Luiz Cane | TKO (Punches) | Fury FC 2 - Final Combat | November 30, 2006 | 1 | 3:41 | São Paulo, Brazil |
| Loss | 5-2 (1) | Victor Vianna | KO (Punches) | Fury FC 1 - Warlords Unleashed | September 27, 2006 | 1 | 1:57 | São Paulo, Brazil |
| Win | 5-1 (1) | Jaguar Jaguar | KO (Punch) | Portugal Vale Tudo 2 | October 1, 2005 | 1 | n/a | Lisbon, Portugal |
| NC | 4-1 (1) | Jalison Silva Santos | No Contest | Clube Da Luta 4 | May 24, 2005 | 1 | 4:43 | Salvador, Bahia, Bahia, Brazil |
| Win | 4-1 | Marlo Senck | Submission (rear naked choke) | Profight Championships 4 | April 19, 2005 | 1 | 3:28 | Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil |
| Loss | 3-1 | Helio Dipp | KO (Punch) | Storm Samurai 6 | May 19, 2005 | 1 | 2:56 | Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil |
| Win | 3-0 | Edinelson Nelsão | Submission (kimura) | Clube da Luta 2 | May 15, 2005 | 1 | 2:10 | Salvador, Bahia, Bahia, Brazil |
| Win | 2-0 | Roberto Piazza | TKO (punches) | Profight Championship 3 | January 31, 2005 | 1 | 0:40 | Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil |
| Win | 1-0 | Valdir Linhares | Submission (rear-naked choke) | Profight Combat Show | May 24, 2004 | 3 | 4:03 | Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil |
# Abel Segovia

Francisco Abel Segovia Vega (born 2 September 1979 in Seville, Andalusia) is a Spanish football manager and former player who played as a midfielder. He is the current manager of Marbella FC.

## Managerial statistics

    As of 22 July 2024
Managerial record by team and tenure :
| Team | Nat | From | To | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record | Ref |
| Team | Nat | From | To | G | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Win % | Ref |
| Patriotas | | 18 November 2020 | 27 April 2021 | 21 | 6 | 2 | 13 | 22 | 37 | −15 | 028.57 | |
| Antequera | | 17 June 2022 | 31 May 2023 | 34 | 22 | 7 | 5 | 58 | 24 | +34 | 064.71 | |
| Sanluqueño | | 30 October 2023 | 14 June 2024 | 30 | 9 | 9 | 12 | 20 | 28 | −8 | 030.00 | |
| Total | Total | Total | Total | 85 | 37 | 18 | 30 | 100 | 89 | +11 | 043.53 | — |
# Burretiodendron

Burretiodendron is a genus of trees. Traditionally included in the family Tiliaceae, it is included in the expanded Malvaceae in the APG and most subsequent systematics. It contains some species formerly in the (not too closely related) genus Pentace. Thus, Parapentace Gagnep. may be a synonym of Burretiodendron rather than Pentace.
These are deciduous or semi-evergreen trees with heart-shaped leaves and winged capsules.
This genus is native to and distributed in Asia, from southern China to Vietnam, Myanmar, and Thailand.

## Species

Species include:
* Burretiodendron brilletii (Gagnep.) Kosterm. northern Vietnam
* Burretiodendron esquirolii (H.Lév.) Rehder southern China, Myanmar, Thailand
* Burretiodendron kydiifolium Y.C.Hsu & R.Zhuge – southern Yunnan (China)
* Burretiodendron obconicum W.Y.Chun & F.C.How – Guangxi (China)
* Burretiodendron siamense Kosterm. – west-central Thailand and Mergui Archipelago (Myanmar)
* Burretiodendron tonkinense (A.Chev.) Kosterm. (synonym Burretiodendron hsienmu W.Y.Chun & F.C.How) – Yunnan and Guangxi (China), and northern Vietnam

### Formerly placed here

* Craigia yunnanensis W.W.Sm. & W.E.Evans (as Burretiodendron combretoides W.Y.Chun & F.C.How and Burretiodendron yunnanense Kosterm.)
# John Happenny

John Clifford Happenny (May 18, 1901 – December 29, 1988) was an infielder in Major League Baseball. He played for the Chicago White Sox.
# August von der Heydt

August von der Heydt (15 February 1801 – 13 June 1874) was an influential German economist.

## Early life

Von der Heydt was born in Elberfeld in the Duchy of Berg.

## Career

During the Revolution of 1848 he was appointed as Minister to the newly created Ministry of Commerce and Industry in the Kingdom of Prussia, serving during the reigns of kings Frederick William IV and William I. He helped increase circulation of money at the rate of 12.5%/year.
He was responsible for the railways in Prussia and organized new railroad construction and purchased private ones. He reformed the old mining laws, by lowering the tax on the mining industry, ending state supervision, and eliminated the privileges of the miners guild. He also allowed government to be less restrictive of its attitude toward the formation of banks. The formation of many new banks revolutionized Germany by supplying a lot of much needed capital. In 1862 he resigned his position, but he took it back from 1866 to 1867 to help finance the Austro-Prussian War.

## Personal life

Von der Heydt died in Berlin. He is also the great-grandfather of the banker, art collector, and patron Eduard von der Heydt.
# Ike Kahdot

Isaac Leonard Kahdot (October 22, 1899 – March 31, 1999) was a professional baseball third baseman in Major League Baseball. Nicknamed "Chief", he played for the Cleveland Indians in 1922.
Kahdot was a Potawatomi who grew up in a mostly Indigenous village in Oklahoma and attended Haskell Institute.
Kahdot was one of a group of players whom Indians player-manager Tris Speaker sent in during the game on September 21, 1922, which was done as an opportunity for fans to see various minor league prospects.
After the 1923 season, the Indians asked him to play for a minor league team in Grand Rapids in the Michigan-Ontario League but he declined, having moved to Coffeyville, Kansas with his family. Kahdot continued playing minor league baseball until 1941 and worked as a derrickman in oilfields until 1958 at which point he took a job at Tinker Air Force Base for 11 years until retirement. At the time of his death, he was the oldest living former major league player.
# Butea

Butea is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the pea family, Fabaceae. It includes five species native to the Indian Subcontinent, Indochina, Tibet, and southern China. It is sometimes considered to have only two species, B. monosperma and B. superba, or is expanded to include four or five.
Butea monosperma is used for timber, resin, fodder, herbal medicine, and dyeing.
Butea is also a host to the lac insect, which produces natural lacquer.

## Taxonomy

Butea is named after John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute (1713-1792), member of parliament, prime minister for one year, and a patron of botany. William Roxburgh erected the genus Butea in 1795, but it became a nomen invalidum. Carl Willdenow validated the name Butea in 1802.

## Uses

Butea monosperma, called kiṃśukha in Sanskrit, is used in Ayurvedic medicine to treat various symptoms.

## Species

Forty-two names have been published in Butea, but forty of these are either synonyms or names of species that have been transferred to other genera. Five species are currently accepted.
* Butea buteiformis (Voigt) Grierson (syn. Megalotropis buteiformis, Meizotropis buteiformis) – Himalayas, India, Myanmar, and northern Thailand
* Butea monosperma (Lam.) Kuntze (syn. Butea frondosa, Erythrina monosperma) – flame-of-the-forest, bastard teak, pâlāsh – Indian subcontinent, Indochina, and southern China
* Butea pellita Hook.f. ex Prain – west-central and central Himalayas
* Butea superba Roxb. ex Willd. (syn. Plaso superba, Rudolphia superba) – India, Bangladesh, and Indochina
* Butea xizangensis X.Y.Zhu & Y.F.Du – Tibet
# Siege of Acapulco (1813)

The siege of Acapulco was a battle of the War of Mexican Independence that occurred on 12 April 1813 at Acapulco de Juárez. The battle was fought between the royalist forces loyal to the Spanish crown, commanded by Pedro Antonio Vélez, and the Mexican rebels fighting for independence from the Spanish Empire, commanded by José María Morelos. The prestigious battle resulted in a victory for the Mexican rebels.

## The battle

After a series of skirmishes leading up to the actual siege, Mexican rebel forces were finally able to besiege the city and take the plaza of Acapulco on 12 April 1813. The Spanish forces took refuge in the Fuerte de San Diego where they were able to continue to resist the insurgent attacks until August of the same year when a truce was signed between José María Morelos and Pedro Antonio Vélez. The rebel victory was strategically important because the port was one of the largest and most important to the strategic objectives laid out by Morelos at the start of the campaign.
# Navalised aircraft

A navalised aircraft (or navalized aircraft) is an aircraft that has been specifically designed for naval use, in some cases as a variant of a land-based design. An aircraft based on an aircraft carrier is called carrier-based aircraft.

## Characteristics

A navalised aircraft typically differs from its land-based equivalent by:
* The airframe, engine and avionics are marinised against salt water corrosion.
* It is designed to be used on a flight deck. For a fixed wing aircraft this typically means catapult attachment points, a tailhook and strengthened undercarriage. Naval helicopters usually have wheels rather than skids and may have mechanisms to attach to the deck.
* It is designed to occupy minimum hangar space – for example the wings, tail-boom or rotors may fold.
* There is enhanced protection against water ingress (including that from hosing down with fresh water to get rid of salt water).
* Equipment such as sensors and weapons are optimised for naval roles.
* The avionics is compatible with the complex electronic equipment of a warship, and that there is no electromagnetic interference between the two.
* There is provision for ditching at sea.
* Helicopters may have provision for receiving fuel through the cabin while hovering adjacent to a ship.
For safety reasons, the aviation fuel provided by ships may be different (e.g. AVCAT) from that provided by airfields and tanker aircraft.

## Examples

The T-45 Goshawk is a navalised version of the BAE Hawk jet trainer. Differences from the Hawk include changes to the undercarriage for aircraft carrier compatibility and a strengthened airframe. The engine design was also modified for the aircraft's role at sea. A proposed navalised version of the Alpha Jet would have had similar design modifications.
Other examples of navalised variants of land-based aircraft include:
* Bell AH-1 SuperCobra
* British Aerospace Sea Harrier
* Dassault Rafale M
* HAL Tejas Naval
* Hawker Sea Fury
* Hawker Sea Hurricane
* Lockheed Martin F-35C Lightning II
* Mikoyan MiG-29K
* North American FJ-2 & FJ-3 Fury
* Sukhoi Su-33
* Supermarine Seafire
* Sikorsky SH-60 Seahawk
# Yoav Ben-Tzur

Rabbi Yoav Ben-Tzur (Hebrew: יואב בן צור‎, born 11 June 1958) is an Israeli politician who currently serves as a member of the Knesset for Shas and as a Minister in the Ministry of Labor. Ben-Tzur previously served as the acting Minister of Health between January and April 2023.

## Biography

Born in Kfar Saba, Ben-Tzur attended school in Netanya, and the Or Yisrael yeshiva in Petah Tikva. During his military service in the IDF, he served in the Soldier Teachers unit. He later became a reserve captain in the Nahal Brigade. Between 1985 and 1992, he worked at the Or Hadash middle boarding school. In 1993, he became Immigration Co-Ordinator in the Northern District for the Ministry of Religious Affairs. The following year, he took up the position of Deputy Director General of the National Centre for the Development of Holy Places, where he worked between 1994 and 1997. He then became CEO of HaMeshakem in 1998, serving until 2008. In 2001, he became chairman of the Jerusalem Religious Council, a position he held until the following year. He later worked as director-general of Shas' Ma'ayan HaChinuch HaTorani school system from 2007 until 2013.
A member of Shas, Ben-Tzur was placed twelfth on the Shas list for the 2013 Knesset elections, but failed to win a seat, as Shas won eleven seats. However, he entered the Knesset on 22 June 2014 as a replacement for Ariel Atias, who resigned in order to take a break from politics. He was re-elected in 2015, April 2019, 2019 and 2020. In May 2020 he was appointed Deputy Minister of the Development of the Periphery, Negev, and Galilee and Deputy Minister of the Interior. He subsequently resigned from the Knesset and was replaced by Yosef Taieb. He was re-elected to the Knesset in the March 2021 elections.
Ben-Tzur has a master's degree in Business and Public Administration from the University of Manchester. He is married with seven children, and lives in Jerusalem.