OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# James Marshall Sprouse

James Marshall Sprouse (December 3, 1923 – July 3, 2004) was a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit.

## Education and career

He was born in Williamson, West Virginia and graduated from Williamson High School in 1941. He was in the United States Army from 1942 to 1945 and served as a private in the Intelligence and Reconnaissance Platoon of the 104th Infantry Division in the European theatre of World War II.
He received an Artium Baccalaureus degree from St. Bonaventure University in 1947 and a Bachelor of Laws from Columbia Law School in 1949. He was an assistant state attorney general of West Virginia in 1949. He was a Fulbright Scholar in international law at the University of Bordeaux in France in 1950. He was counsel for the Displaced Persons Commission from 1950 to 1951. He was in private practice in West Virginia from 1951 to 1952. He was with the Central Intelligence Agency from 1952 to 1957. He was in private practice in West Virginia from 1957 to 1972. He ran for Governor of West Virginia in 1968, narrowly winning the Democratic nomination, but lost the general election to Republican congressman Arch A. Moore Jr. He was a justice of the West Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals from 1972 to 1975 when he resigned to make a second run for governor, losing the Democratic primary to Jay Rockefeller. He was in private practice in West Virginia from 1975 to 1979.

## Federal judicial service

Sprouse was nominated by President Jimmy Carter on July 5, 1979, to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, to a new seat created by 92 Stat. 1629. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on September 11, 1979, and received his commission on September 13, 1979. He assumed senior status on October 31, 1992. His service was terminated on July 31, 1995, due to retirement.

## Later Political Activity

After his retirement from the bench, Judge Sprouse became very active in West Virginia gubernatorial politics once more. He initially in the primary chaired, then in the general election co-chaired, the gubernatorial campaign of State Senator Charlotte Pritt in her historic bid for governor. Pritt, a fellow progressive like Sprouse, was the first woman nominated by a major party for governor of the state. She narrowly lost the General Election.

## Death

Sprouse died on July 3, 2004, in Charleston, West Virginia.
# Doug Brindley

Douglas Allen Brindley (born June 8, 1949) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey forward. Brindley played three games in the National Hockey League for the Toronto Maple Leafs during the 1970–71 season and 103 games in the World Hockey Association with the Cleveland Crusaders between 1972 and 1974. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1969 to 1976, was spent in the minor leagues.

## Career statistics
### Regular season and playoffs

| | | | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs |
| Season | Team | League | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 1967–68 | Niagara Falls Flyers | OHA | 54 | 15 | 28 | 45 | 20 | 19 | 15 | 7 | 22 | 18 |
| 1967–68 | Niagara Falls Flyers | M-Cup | — | — | — | — | — | 10 | 6 | 2 | 8 | 6 |
| 1968–69 | Niagara Falls Flyers | OHA | 54 | 40 | 37 | 77 | 62 | 14 | 12 | 6 | 18 | 16 |
| 1969–70 | Tulsa Oilers | CHL | 65 | 22 | 25 | 47 | 14 | 6 | 0 | 6 | 6 | 0 |
| 1969–70 | Buffalo Bisons | AHL | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 1970–71 | Toronto Maple Leafs | NHL | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1970–71 | Tulsa Oilers | CHL | 65 | 29 | 38 | 67 | 17 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1971–72 | Rochester Americans | AHL | 74 | 20 | 27 | 47 | 12 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1972–73 | Cleveland Crusaders | WHA | 73 | 15 | 11 | 26 | 6 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
| 1973–74 | Cleveland Crusaders | WHA | 30 | 13 | 9 | 22 | 13 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 1973–74 | Jacksonville Barons | AHL | 50 | 19 | 14 | 33 | 65 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1974–75 | Mohawk Valley Comets | NAHL | 71 | 28 | 44 | 72 | 26 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1975–76 | Syracuse Blazers | NAHL | 70 | 43 | 58 | 101 | 3 | 8 | 0 | 8 | 8 | 4 |
| WHA totals | WHA totals | WHA totals | 103 | 28 | 20 | 48 | 19 | 14 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| NHL totals | NHL totals | NHL totals | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — |
# Ismay Jail

The Ismay Jail is a National Registered Historic Place located in Ismay, Montana. It was added to the Register on June 4, 1997.
It is a small jail which was built in 1909. It is built of red brick on a concrete slab, and it has a barrel form concrete roof. Its false front rises to 12 feet 8 inches; it has a 20 feet (6.1 m) by 12 feet (3.7 m) plan. It has one 26 by 18 inches (0.66 m × 0.46 m) window on each of its west and north sides.
# 1991–92 Israel State Cup

The 1991–92 Israel State Cup (Hebrew: גביע המדינה, Gvia HaMedina) was the 53rd season of Israel's nationwide football cup competition and the 38th after the Israeli Declaration of Independence.
The competition was won by Hapoel Petah Tikva who have beaten Maccabi Tel Aviv 3–1 in the final.
The winner, Hapoel Petah Tikva, qualified to the 1992–93 European Cup Winners' Cup, entering in the qualifying round.

## Results
### Round of 16

| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| Maccabi Netanya | 2–2 (5–4 p) | Maccabi Ironi Ashdod | 0–2 | 2–0 |
| Maccabi Petah Tikva | 3–1 | Hapoel Tiberias | 0–0 | 3–1 |
| Hapoel Tel Aviv | 1–0 | Bnei Yehuda | 1–0 | 0–0 |
| Maccabi Yavne | 2–1 | Hapoel Tzafririm Holon | 1–0 | 1–1 |
| Hapoel Petah Tikva | 4–0 | Hapoel Ashkelon | 1–0 | 3–0 |
| Maccabi Tel Aviv | 2–1 | Hapoel Be'er Sheva | 1–1 | 1–0 |
| Maccabi Haifa | 5–1 | Hapoel Ramat Gan | 1–1 | 4–0 |
| Beitar Tel Aviv | 8–2 | Maccabi Sektzia Ma'alot | 5–2 | 3–0 |

### Quarter-finals

| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| Beitar Tel Aviv | 6–2 | Maccabi Yavne | 4–1 | 2–1 |
| Maccabi Haifa | 5–2 | Maccabi Petah Tikva | 3–0 | 2–2 |
| Maccabi Tel Aviv | 6–1 | Hapoel Tel Aviv | 3–0 | 3–1 |
| Hapoel Petah Tikva | 2–2 (a) | Maccabi Netanya | 1–0 | 1–2 |

### Semi-finals

| Home Team | Score | Away Team |
| Maccabi Tel Aviv | 4–2 | Maccabi Haifa |
| Hapoel Petah Tikva | 1–0 (a.e.t.) | Beitar Tel Aviv |
# 1820 Maine gubernatorial election

"none" is preferred when the title alone is adequate; see [[WP:SDNONE]]
The 1820 Maine gubernatorial election took place on April 3, 1820. It was the first election for Governor of Maine, taking place after Maine separated from Massachusetts and was recognized as a state on March 15, 1820. Maine's separation from Massachusetts came as a result of The Missouri Compromise. This election saw the virtually unanimous election of William King, the man most chiefly responsible for the push for Maine statehood. He had no opponents.

## Results

1820 Gubernatorial Election, Maine :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic-Republican | William King | 21,083 | 95.3% |
| | | Others | 1,031 | 4.7% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 22,114 | 100% |
# Lynn Carlton Higby

Lynn Carlton Higby (August 6, 1938 – February 10, 1992) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Florida.

## Education and career

Born in Orlando, Florida, Higby received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Emory University in 1960 and a Bachelor of Laws from Emory University School of Law in 1962. He was in private practice in Atlanta, Georgia in 1962, and was then, in the United States Navy Reserve from 1962 to 1965, returning to private practice in Panama City, Florida from 1965 to 1979.

## Federal judicial service

On June 14, 1979, Higby was nominated by President Jimmy Carter to a new seat on the United States District Court for the Northern District of Florida created by 92 Stat. 1629. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on October 4, 1979, and received his commission on October 5, 1979. Higby served in that capacity until his resignation from the bench on January 3, 1983. Higby died on February 10, 1992, in Pensacola, Florida.
# Na'ale

Na'ale (Hebrew: נעלה, lit. 'Exalted') is an Israeli settlement in the West Bank. Located near Modi'in, it falls under the jurisdiction of Mateh Binyamin Regional Council. In 2022 it had a population of 2,839.
The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.
The settlement was built on land confiscated from the Palestinian towns of Al-Ittihad (Jammala), Deir Qaddis and Shabtin.
# Israel Jenkins House

Israel Jenkins House, also known as The Elms, is a historic home located near Marion, in Monroe Township, Grant County, Indiana. It was built about 1840, and is a 2+1⁄2-story, vernacular Greek Revival style, double pile brick dwelling. It has a side gable roof. Also on the property is a contributing 19th century English barn, silo, and long storage shed.$^{:5}$
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.
# 1862 Preston by-election

The 1862 Preston by-election was held on 4 April 1862, after the incumbent Conservative MP R. A. Cross resigned to enter a private banking business in Warrington. The by-election was won by the Conservative candidate, Thomas Hesketh. Hesketh was related to two previous MPs for the constituency, both also named Thomas Hesketh, one from the 16th century and one from the 18th.
Opposing Hesketh was the Liberal candidate, George Melly, who would later go on to represent Stoke-upon-Trent. Melly faced religious opposition on two fronts. As a Unitarian, he was viewed as barely better than an atheist by many of the electors belonging to the Church of England, while he was also opposed by Catholics, influenced by Papal hostility towards the foreign policy of the incumbent Liberal government led by Lord Palmerston.$^{:p.122}$
The aftermath of the by-election was captured in the painting The Preston By-Election of 1862 by the Anglo-Russian artist Vladimir Osipovich Sherwood, who was based in nearby Blackburn at the time. Sherwood's painting, which features Hesketh addressing a crowd amid Conservative party iconography, also includes veiled accusations of voter bribery, with people scrabbling for coins appearing prominently in the foreground.
Supporters of the Liberal candidate attributed Hesketh's win to the Conservative's spending power. This included accusations that voters were being offered as much as £25 in exchange for their support, an attractive prospect as the constituency was badly affected by the ongoing Lancashire Cotton Famine.$^{:pp.127–129}$ A subsequent recall petition against Hesketh was initiated after the by-election, instigated by the perceived financial impropriety.$^{:p.130}$ However it was ultimately unsuccessful, due to a combination of the potential cost, and because Melly's allies doubted that he would win the re-run campaign.$^{:p.130}$

## Result

By-Election 4 April 1862: Preston :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | Thomas Hesketh | 1,527 | 60.1 | −9.1 |
| | Liberal | George Melly | 1,014 | 39.9 | +9.1 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 513 | 20.2 | +11.6 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 2,541 | 91.6 | +17.9 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 2,773 | | |
| | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Swing | −9.1 | |
# Pteris vittata

Pteris vittata, the Chinese brake, Chinese ladder brake, or simply ladder brake, is a fern species in the Pteridoideae subfamily of the Pteridaceae. It is indigenous to Asia, southern Europe, tropical Africa, and Australia. The type specimen was collected in China by Pehr Osbeck.

## Habitat and distribution

Pteris vittata is native and widespread in the paleotropics: found from the east, to the south tropical, and southern Africa (in Angola; Kenya; Lesotho; Malawi; Mozambique; Namibia; Tanzania (including the Zanzibar Archipelago); Cape Province, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, and Transvaal in South Africa; Eswatini; Uganda; Zambia; and Zimbabwe); temperate and tropical Asia (in the provinces of Anhui, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Xizang, and Yunnan in China; the prefectures of Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku, and the Ryukyu Islands of Japan; and Thailand); and Australia, in the states of New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, and Western Australia.
Pteris vittata is often associated with limestone habitats. It may be seen growing on concrete structures and cracks, in buildings in the central business district and suburbs of Sydney. It is an introduced species in California, Texas, and the Southeastern United States.
A remnant population exists in the Italian peninsula, in Sicily, Calabria and Campania.

## Uses

Although it grows readily in the wild, Pteris vittata is sometimes cultivated. It is grown in gardens for its attractive appearance, or used in pollution control schemes: it is known to be a hyperaccumulator plant of arsenic used in phytoremediation.
* Pteris vittata from Antalya city in Turkey
* Pinnae undersides of P. vittata from Antalya
* Sori of P. vittata from Antalya
* Pinna basal shape (underside) of P. vittata from Antalya
* Pinna basal shape (upperside) of P. vittata from Antalya
* Young P. vittata from Antalya
* Unfurling frond tip of P. vittata from Antalya
* Unfurling fronds of P. vittata from Antalya

## Suggested reading

* Cong Tu and Lena Q. Ma; Effects of Arsenic Concentrations and Forms on Arsenic Uptake by the Hyperaccumulator Ladder Brake, Journal of Environmental Quality doi:10.2134/jeq2002.6410 Vol. 31 No. 2, p. 641-647 (résumé)
# Hood chair

A hood chair or porter's chair was a type of chair used originally in medieval England and later France. Usually made of wood, but sometimes formed in a high-grade leather or red velvet, it was placed by the front door of an estate or home for use by a gatekeeper servant who was in charge of screening guests and visitors. This was necessary since the door knocker might not be heard throughout the house.
Since there were often cold breezes near a front door, the chair was designed to envelop and keep the servant relatively warm in his task of remaining at the door for long periods. It could be described as a hollowed-out egg shape, with a very high and enclosed back, standing on end, four legs, with handrests and usually with a notch for a lantern at the side, allowing the person to sink back into it out of the wind and await visitors' knocks. Notable current survivors exist at the London Branch of the Bank of England, Museum of Leathercraft, Abington, Northampton and at various antique auction houses in the UK and US.
# Eupterodactyloidea

Eupterodactyloidea (meaning "true Pterodactyloidea") is an extinct group of pterodactyloid pterosaurs that existed from the latest Late Jurassic to the latest Late Cretaceous periods (Tithonian to Maastrichtian stages). Eupterodactyloids have been found on all continents except Antarctica.

## Classification

Eupterodactyloidea was named by S. Christopher Bennett in 1994 as an infraorder of the suborder Pterodactyloidea. Bennett defined it as an apomorphy-based clade. However, in 2010, Brian Andres re-defined the group as a stem-based taxon in his dissertation, and then formalized the definition in 2014 as all pterosaurs more closely related to Pteranodon longiceps than to Pterodactylus antiquus. The slightly more exclusive group Ornithocheiroidea was re-defined in 2003 by Alexander Kellner. He defined it as the least inclusive clade containing Anhanguera blittersdorffi, Pteranodon longiceps, Dsungaripterus weii, and Quetzalcoatlus northropi. Ornithocheiroidea has often been used for a much more exclusive group including only the branch of traditional ornithocheirid pterosaurs, though this use has since fallen out of favor by many researchers after years of competing definitions for the various pterodactyloid clades. The compromise definitions by Andres and others have since become more widely adopted.
Below is a cladogram showing the results of a phylogenetic analysis first presented by Andres et al. in 2014, and updated by Longrich, Martill, and Andres in 2018. Andres and colleagues followed this definition, and also used a branch-based definition for Eupterodactyloidea, making them very similar in content.
# Battle of Peralta

The Battle of Peralta was a minor engagement near the end of Confederate General Henry Hopkins Sibley's 1862 New Mexico Campaign.

## Battle

Retreating after the Battle of Glorieta Pass, Confederate troops of the 5th Texas Mounted Volunteers under Colonel Thomas Green camped in the town of Peralta, New Mexico Territory and planned to cross a series of irrigation canals the next day. The rest of the Confederate army was encamped on the other side of the Rio Grande in the town of Los Lunas.
On April 14, the pursuing Union Army forces under Colonel Edward Canby caught up with Green. At dawn, Union cavalry attacked and captured the Confederate wagon train, killing and capturing the guard. The Confederates used the low adobe houses in the town as natural fortifications. Canby captured a Confederate supply train which was then approaching Peralta, and then sent John Chivington and Gabriel R. Paul to surround the Confederates to prevent any forces from reaching Green. The adobe walls and irrigation ditches surrounding the town were stronger than Canby was willing to risk an assault on. Learning of the fighting, Sibley led the 4th and 7th Texas Mounted Rifles across the river. The rival armies battered each other in an artillery duel, until a dust storm blew in and allowed the Confederates to withdraw to the west bank of the Rio Grande, leaving behind a town which had been reduced to rubble.
The Confederates reached Los Lunas at 4 a.m., where they rested for a few hours before continuing their retreat. Canby followed with the Union army, harassing the Confederate column with cavalry.
# Humlegården

Humlegården is a major park in the district of Östermalm in Stockholm, Sweden. The park borders on Karlavägen in the north, Sturegatan in the east, Humlegårdsgatan in the south and Engelbrektsgatan in the west. It is the location of the Swedish Royal Library (Kungliga biblioteket).

## History
### Royal Park

Humlegården was originally the Royal Fruit Garden, established by King Johan III in the 16th century. The name humle, meaning hop, indicates that hops were one of the major plants grown in the garden. In 1686-87, Queen Ulrika Eleonora of Denmark had a pavilion, Rotundan , built there for herself and her children.

### Recreation Park

Already in the 17th century, parts of the park were opened to the public. In 1764, the park was opened for public recreation. There were, however, restrictions on who was allowed to be admitted. From 1773 until 1780, the Stenborg Troupe performed in the Rotundan, in the former pavilion of the queen, then referred to as Humlegårdsteatern (Humlegården theater). From 1853-1877, the Humlegårdsteatern was again in use.

### Public Park

The park was completely opened to the public in 1869. At Engelbrektsplan next to Humlegården, the Djursholm line of the Roslag Railway ended from 1895–1960 and on the other side of the park, on Lidingövägen, the Lidingö Tram line ended from 1914–1967. Today the park is a popular recreational area for locals, hosting a small soccer ground, skateboard ramp, children's playground and lawns.

## Monuments and statues

The park is the site of a number of statues. In the centre of the park is Linnémonumentet, a large statue commemorating botanist and zoologist Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778). The monument was designed by Johannes Frithiof Kjellberg (1836-1885) and dates to 1885.
Other notable statues commemorate historian Anders Fryxell (1795–1881), chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele (1742–1786), author Fredrika Bremer (1801– 1865) and Lutheran priest Peter Wieselgren (1800-1877). Other works include Farfadern by Per Hasselberg (1896), Tuffsen by Egon Möller Nielsen (1949), Isobartema by Martin Holmgren (1970), Cordillera de Los Andes by Francisco Gazitúa (2000) and Hjalmar Söderberg (1869–1941) by Peter Linde (2010).
In 2022, a sculpture to commemorate the life and work of acclaimed Swedish DJ and music producer, Avicii "Standing Waves" was unveiled. The wind sculpture, designed to represent his music, was designed by Adèle Essle Zeiss and Liva Isakson.

## Gallery

* Carl Wilhelm Scheele
* Peter Wieselgren
* Anders Fryxell
* Fredrika Bremer
* Farfadern
* Tuffsen
* Cordillera de Los Andes
* Isobartema
* Standing Waves
# Williston Mill Historic District

Williston Mill Historic District is a national historic district in Denton, Caroline County, Maryland, in the United States. It consists of two historic structures—a grist mill and a miller's house—which share the acreage with the mill stream and race that empties into Mill Creek, a tributary of the Choptank River. The Williston miller's house is a two-story, four-bay single-pile frame dwelling, built originally between 1840 and 1850 with later 19th century expansions. The mill building dates from around 1830–1840, with the two-story section built around 1895. It is one of two grist mills that remain standing in Caroline County.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.
An early morning fire on June 26, 2014, destroyed most of the grist mill. In 2015 it was decided that the grist mill would not be rebuilt.
# Breanne Siwicki

Breanne Siwicki (born 1 January 1995) is a Canadian open water swimmer. Born in Winnipeg, Manitoba she now resides in Minneapolis, Minnesota where she goes to school at the University of Minnesota while competing for the Minnesota Golden Gophers. Siwiciki competed for Manitoba at the 2013 Canada Summer Games in Sherbrooke, Quebec. There she won six medals (1 gold, 2 silver, 3 bronze) over several events including a gold in the 1,500 m freestyle and a bronze in the 5,000 m open water race. Siwicki now competes for the Canadian national team in open water swimming events and competed for Canada at the 2017 World Aquatics Championships where she finished 29th in the 5,000 m race.
# Dentimargo argonauta

Dentimargo argonauta is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Marginellidae, the margin snails.
# Yasaka Station (Gifu)

Yasaka Station (八坂駅, Yasaka-eki) is a railway station in the city of Gujō, Gifu Prefecture, Japan, operated by the third sector railway operator Nagaragawa Railway.

## Lines

Yasaka Station is a station of the Etsumi-Nan Line, and is 29.4 kilometers from the terminus of the line at Mino-Ōta.

## Station layout

Yasaka Station has one ground-level side platform serving a single bi-directional track. The station is unattended.

## Adjacent stations

| « | Service | » |
| Nagaragawa Railway |||||
| Etsumi-Nan Line |||||
| Konno | Local | Minami-Kodakara-Onsen |

## History

Yasaka Station was opened on July 1, 1952 as Hanzai Station (半在駅). Operations were transferred from the Japan National Railway (JNR) to the Nagaragawa Railway on December 11, 1986. The station was renamed to its present name on that date

## Surrounding area

* National Route 156
* Nagara River