# McKenzie County, North Dakota

McKenzie County is a county in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 14,704. Its county seat is Watford City.
The county lies immediately adjacent to the Williston Micropolitan Statistical Area, although the Census Bureau does not include McKenzie County in that grouping.

## History

The Dakota Territory legislature created the county on March 9, 1883, with areas partitioned from Howard County (now extinct). The county was named for Alexander McKenzie, a territorial political figure who was later disgraced for corruption. The county was not organized at that time, and was not attached to another county for administrative or judicial purposes. The county's boundary was altered in 1885, and on March 2, 1891, the state legislature authorized the dissolution of the county, assigning its territories to Billings and Stark counties. However, this directive was not implemented, and McKenzie continued as a defined county until November 3, 1896, when another act was passed to dissolve the county and assign its territories to Billings County. This act was challenged in the courts, and on May 24, 1901, the state Supreme Court held that the county was to continue in existence.
On March 10, 1903, the county was attached to Stark County for administrative purposes. On March 16, 1905, McKenzie gained the territories of Allred and Wallace counties as those counties were administratively dissolved. On April 20, 1905, the McKenzie County government was organized, and its previous attachment to Stark was terminated.
The first county seat was Alexander. In 1907 the seat was moved to Schafer, and in 1941 it was moved to the present location, Watford City.
Between the 2010 and 2020 censuses, McKenzie County was the fastest growing county in the United States, growing by 131.2% from 6,360 to 14,704 inhabitants, largely due to the Bakken Formation oil boom.

## Geography

McKenzie County lies on the west line of North Dakota. Its west boundary line abuts the east boundary line of the state of Montana. The Missouri River flows easterly along the western portion of the county's north boundary line, and the enlargement of the Missouri as it discharges into Lake Sakakawea forms the eastern portion of the county's north and northeastern boundary line. The Yellowstone River flows into the northwestern corner of the county from Montana, and discharges into the Missouri at the county's northern boundary line. The Little Missouri River flows northeasterly through the county's lower portion, on its way to discharge into Lake Sakakawea, east of the county's east boundary line. The county terrain consists of semi-arid rolling hills, carved by river valleys and drainages. The area is partially devoted to agriculture. The terrain slopes to the east and north, with its highest point on its south boundary line, at 2,684 ft (818 m) ASL. The county has a total area of 2,861 square miles (7,410 km$^2$), of which 2,760 square miles (7,100 km$^2$) is land and 100 square miles (260 km$^2$) (3.5%) is water. It is the largest county in North Dakota by area.
The McKenzie County landscape features a wide diversity of physical features, ranging from sugarbeet fields bordering the Missouri River at the northwest corner of the county to rugged badlands near the Little Missouri River in the south, where Theodore Roosevelt National Park and the Little Missouri National Grassland are located. Between the two rivers is a large area of prairie, ranging from gentle rolling terrain to rocky, rugged pastures. The southeast corner of the county, bordering on the Little Missouri badlands of neighboring Dunn County, is abundant in wildlife, quaking aspen groves, and bur oak groves, interspersed in places with western red cedar on the north-facing slopes of the badlands.
The southwestern corner counties of North Dakota (Adams, Billings, Bowman, Golden Valley, Grant, Hettinger, Slope, Stark) observe Mountain Time. The counties of McKenzie, Dunn, and Sioux are split between Mountain and Central Time.

### Major highways

* U.S. Highway 85
* North Dakota Highway 22
* North Dakota Highway 23
* North Dakota Highway 58
* North Dakota Highway 68
* North Dakota Highway 73
* North Dakota Highway 200
* North Dakota Highway 1806

### Adjacent counties

* Williams County - north (observes Central Time)
* Mountrail County - northeast (observes Central Time)
* Dunn County - southeast (observes Mountain Time in western section)
* Billings County - south (observes Mountain Time)
* Golden Valley County - southwest (observes Mountain Time)
* Wibaux County, Montana - west (observes Mountain Time)
* Richland County, Montana - northwest (observes Mountain Time)

### Protected areas

Source:
* Antelope Creek State Game Management Area
* Antelope Creek State Wildlife Refuge
* Bear Den Creek Public Use Area
* Little Missouri National Grassland (part)
* Maah Daah Hey Trail
* Theodore Roosevelt National Park (North Unit - contained within LM National Grassland)
* Tobacco Garden Creek State Game Management Area
* Tobacco Garden Creek Recreation Area

### Lakes

Source:
* Demicks Lake
* Lake Sakakawea
* Nohly Lake

## Demographics
### 2020 census

As of the 2020 census, there were 14,704 people, 5,416 households, and 3,519 families in the county. The population density was 5.3 inhabitants per square mile (2.0/km$^2$) There were 7,661 housing units.

### 2010 census

As of the 2010 census, there were 6,360 people, 2,410 households, and 1,682 families in the county. The population density was 2.30 people per square mile (0.89 people/km$^2$). There were 3,090 housing units at an average density of 1.12 units per square mile (0.43/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the county was 75.3% white, 22.2% American Indian, 0.3% Asian, 0.1% black or African American, 0.4% from other races, and 1.6% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 2.2% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 39.5% were Norwegian, 30.6% were German, 6.1% were Irish, and 0.7% were American.
Of the 2,410 households, 33.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.7% were married couples living together, 10.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 30.2% were non-families, and 25.3% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.58 and the average family size was 3.06. The median age was 38.0 years.
The median income for a household in the county was $48,480 and the median income for a family was $58,906. Males had a median income of $42,803 versus $33,056 for females. The per capita income for the county was $27,605. About 6.7% of families and 10.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.8% of those under age 18 and 10.0% of those age 65 or over.

### Population by decade
## Communities
### Cities

* Alexander
* Arnegard
* Watford City (county seat)

### Census-designated places

* East Fairview
* Four Bears Village
* Mandaree

### Unincorporated communities

Source:
* Banks
* Cartwright
* Charbonneau
* Charlson
* Dore
* Grassy Butte
* Hawkeye
* Johnsons Corner (or Johnson Corner)
* Keene
* Kroff
* Rawson
* Schafer

### Townships

* Alex
* Antelope Creek
* Arnegard
* Blue Butte
* Charbon
* Elm Tree
* Ellsworth
* Grail
* Hawkeye
* Keene
* Randolph
* Riverview
* Sioux
* Tri
* Twin Valley
* Yellowstone

### Defunct Townships

Elk, Poe, and Wilbur townships merged January 1, 2002 to form Tri Township.

## Politics

McKenzie County voters have traditionally voted Republican. In only one national election since 1948 has the county selected the Democratic Party candidate (as of 2024).
United States presidential election results for McKenzie County, North Dakota :
| Year | Republican | Republican | Democratic | Democratic | Third party(ies) | Third party(ies) |
| Year | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % |
| 2024 | 4,627 | 83.81% | 809 | 14.65% | 85 | 1.54% |
| 2020 | 4,482 | 82.71% | 814 | 15.02% | 123 | 2.27% |
| 2016 | 3,670 | 78.55% | 698 | 14.94% | 304 | 6.51% |
| 2012 | 2,458 | 71.23% | 927 | 26.86% | 66 | 1.91% |
| 2008 | 1,740 | 64.09% | 933 | 34.36% | 42 | 1.55% |
| 2004 | 1,897 | 68.68% | 847 | 30.67% | 18 | 0.65% |
| 2000 | 1,634 | 69.12% | 653 | 27.62% | 77 | 3.26% |
| 1996 | 1,338 | 49.50% | 928 | 34.33% | 437 | 16.17% |
| 1992 | 1,324 | 42.85% | 787 | 25.47% | 979 | 31.68% |
| 1988 | 1,949 | 59.91% | 1,273 | 39.13% | 31 | 0.95% |
| 1984 | 2,610 | 71.96% | 974 | 26.85% | 43 | 1.19% |
| 1980 | 2,265 | 67.25% | 867 | 25.74% | 236 | 7.01% |
| 1976 | 1,595 | 53.56% | 1,335 | 44.83% | 48 | 1.61% |
| 1972 | 1,913 | 65.87% | 937 | 32.27% | 54 | 1.86% |
| 1968 | 1,625 | 59.63% | 935 | 34.31% | 165 | 6.06% |
| 1964 | 1,352 | 46.02% | 1,584 | 53.91% | 2 | 0.07% |
| 1960 | 1,715 | 53.08% | 1,514 | 46.86% | 2 | 0.06% |
| 1956 | 1,609 | 53.15% | 1,405 | 46.42% | 13 | 0.43% |
| 1952 | 2,260 | 71.70% | 846 | 26.84% | 46 | 1.46% |
| 1948 | 1,168 | 45.08% | 1,227 | 47.36% | 196 | 7.56% |
| 1944 | 1,241 | 43.35% | 1,592 | 55.61% | 30 | 1.05% |
| 1940 | 1,563 | 38.63% | 2,440 | 60.31% | 43 | 1.06% |
| 1936 | 570 | 14.66% | 2,885 | 74.20% | 433 | 11.14% |
| 1932 | 710 | 20.02% | 2,655 | 74.85% | 182 | 5.13% |
| 1928 | 2,100 | 61.14% | 1,289 | 37.53% | 46 | 1.34% |
| 1924 | 1,113 | 38.14% | 137 | 4.69% | 1,668 | 57.16% |
| 1920 | 2,587 | 79.50% | 511 | 15.70% | 156 | 4.79% |
| 1916 | 1,394 | 45.16% | 1,456 | 47.17% | 237 | 7.68% |
| 1912 | 285 | 27.54% | 293 | 28.31% | 457 | 44.15% |
| 1908 | 574 | 68.41% | 212 | 25.27% | 53 | 6.32% |

## Education

School districts include:
K-12:
* Alexander Public School District 2
* Mandaree Public School District 36
* McKenzie County Public School District 1
* New Town Public School District 1
* Williston Basin School District 7
Elementary:
* Earl Public School District 18
* Horse Creek Public School District 32
* Yellowstone Public School District 14
Former districts
* Grassy Butte District - Merged into the Killdeer district
* Williston Public School District 1 - Merged into Williston Basin district in 2021