OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# William M. Stone

William Milo Stone (October 14, 1827 – July 18, 1893) was the sixth Governor of Iowa (1864–68).

## Early life and education

Stone was born in Jefferson County, New York, and moved with his family to Coshocton, Ohio in 1834. He read law there and was admitted to the bar in 1851.

## Career

In 1854, he moved to Knoxville, Iowa, where he opened a law practice and bought the local newspaper. In 1856, he was a delegate to the convention that formed the Republican Party, and he was an elector for 1856 Republican presidential nominee John C. Frémont. He was an enthusiastic supporter of Abraham Lincoln at the 1860 Republican convention, and was so again in 1864. From 1857 to 1861, he served as a state district court judge. He married Caroline Mathews in 1857; they had one child, William A. Stone.
After the attack on Fort Sumter in 1861, Stone enlisted as a private in the Union Army. He was quickly promoted to captain, and then major, of Company B, 3rd Iowa Volunteer Infantry Regiment. He fought and was wounded at the Battle of Liberty, but returned to fight at the Battle of Shiloh, where he was taken prisoner. Stone was paroled by Jefferson Davis and sent to Washington, D.C. to negotiate an exchange of prisoners; after initially failing to reach an agreement, he returned to Confederate captivity, was again paroled, and was released after an exchange agreement was reached. In 1862, Stone was promoted to colonel of the 22nd Iowa Volunteer Infantry Regiment. He led that unit in the Vicksburg Campaign, and was again wounded on May 22, 1863, during a major Union assault undertaken as part of the Siege of Vicksburg.
Stone was named the Republican nominee for governor in June 1863, and resigned from the Union Army in August. He was elected by a large margin in the general election, defeating Union general James M. Tuttle. He was reelected in 1865. During his tenure, he dealt with several difficult issues, including making sure Iowa met its 1864 draft quotas, and supporting voting rights for black Iowa citizens. It is reputed by some sources that Stone was present in April 1865 when Lincoln was assassinated at Ford's Theatre, and that Stone helped carry the wounded Lincoln across the street. However, no known primary or contemporaneous accounts describe that happening, and in fact, it is otherwise known that four members of a Pennsylvania artillery regiment actually handled the President. On February 22, 1866, Stone appointed Emily Calkins Stebbins as a notary public which made Stebbins the first such woman to hold that position in the United States.
After leaving the governor's office in 1868, Stone served one term in the Iowa House of Representatives (1877–78), and was appointed Assistant Commissioner and Commissioner of the United States General Land Office.

## Death

He died of pneumonia in 1893 in Oklahoma, where he had moved to practice law and live with his son. He is buried at Graceland Cemetery in Knoxville, Iowa.
# Erwin Simon

Erwin Simon (24 September 1908 – 20 September 1959) was a German swimmer. He competed in the men's 100 metre backstroke at the 1936 Summer Olympics.
# Henry Norris Russell Lectureship

The Henry Norris Russell Lectureship is awarded each year by the American Astronomical Society in recognition of a lifetime of excellence in astronomical research. The idea for the lectureship came from then society President Harlow Shapley in 1945, who led the fund raising drive to collect $10,000 from the membership. One of the major contributors was the Mexican Ambassador to the United States, as Russell had been an important representative at the dedication ceremony for the Mexican National Observatory. The goal was reached in December 1946, using not a little amount of coercive language by Shapley. The first Russell lecturer was, naturally, fellow American astronomer Henry Norris Russell, for whom the award is named. Russell gave a lecture titled "The Royal Road of Eclipses" concerning eclipsing binary stars.

## Previous lecturers

This list of lecturers is from the American Astronomical Society's website.
| Year | Winner |
| 1946 | Henry Norris Russell |
| 1947 | Walter Sydney Adams |
| 1948 | No award |
| 1949 | Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar |
| 1950 | Harlow Shapley |
| 1951 | Jan Oort |
| 1952 | No award |
| 1953 | Enrico Fermi, Lyman Spitzer |
| 1954 | No award |
| 1955 | Paul Merrill |
| 1956 | Joel Stebbins |
| 1957 | Otto Struve |
| 1958 | Walter Baade |
| 1959 | Gerard P. Kuiper |
| 1960 | Martin Schwarzschild |
| 1961 | William Wilson Morgan |
| 1962 | Grote Reber |
| 1963 | William Alfred Fowler |
| 1964 | Ira S. Bowen |
| 1965 | Bengt Strömgren |
| 1966 | Richard Tousey |
| 1967 | Otto Neugebauer |
| 1968 | John G. Bolton |
| 1969 | Eugene Parker |
| 1970 | Jesse L. Greenstein |
| 1971 | Fred Hoyle |
| 1972 | Allan Sandage |
| 1973 | Leo Goldberg |
| 1974 | Edwin Salpeter |
| 1975 | George Herbig |
| 1976 | Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin |
| 1977 | Olin C. Wilson |
| 1978 | Maarten Schmidt |
| 1979 | Peter Goldreich |
| 1980 | Jeremiah P. Ostriker |
| 1981 | Riccardo Giacconi |
| 1982 | Bart Bok |
| 1983 | Herbert Friedman |
| 1984 | E. Margaret Burbidge |
| 1985 | Olin J. Eggen |
| 1986 | Albert Whitford |
| 1987 | Fred L. Whipple |
| 1988 | Gerard de Vaucouleurs |
| 1989 | Icko Iben, Jr. |
| 1990 | Sidney van den Bergh |
| 1991 | Donald Osterbrock |
| 1992 | Lawrence Aller |
| 1993 | James Peebles |
| 1994 | Vera Rubin |
| 1995 | Robert Kraft |
| 1996 | Gerry Neugebauer |
| 1997 | Alastair Cameron |
| 1998 | Charles Townes |
| 1999 | John Bahcall |
| 2000 | Donald Lynden-Bell |
| 2001 | Wallace Sargent |
| 2002 | George Wallerstein |
| 2003 | George Wetherill |
| 2004 | Martin Rees |
| 2005 | James E. Gunn |
| 2006 | Bohdan Paczyński |
| 2007 | David L. Lambert |
| 2008 | Rashid Sunyaev |
| 2009 | George W. Preston |
| 2010 | Margaret J. Geller |
| 2011 | Sandra M. Faber |
| 2012 | William David Arnett |
| 2013 | Ken Freeman (astronomer) |
| 2014 | George B. Field |
| 2015 | Giovanni G. Fazio |
| 2016 | Christopher F. McKee |
| 2017 | Eric Becklin |
| 2018 | Joseph Silk |
| 2019 | Ann Merchant Boesgaard |
| 2020 | Scott Tremaine |
| 2021 | Nick Scoville |
| 2022 | Richard Mushotzky |
| 2023 | Frank Shu |
| 2024 | Neta Bahcall |
| 2025 | Marcia J. Rieke |
# Khan Ahmed Sayeed Murshid

Khan Ahmed Sayeed Murshid, also known as Dr KAS Murshid, is a Bangladeshi researcher and former director general of the Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies. He is a director of Prime Bank.

## Early life

Murshid was born in 1951 to Bengali family of Khans from the village of Nasirabad in Nabinagar, Comilla district. He was a son of Khan Sarwar Murshid and Nurjahan Murshid. His father was a member of the planning commission of Mujibnagar government and confidante of Tajuddin Ahmed and his mother was a member of parliament. He studied economics at the University of Dhaka. He got his PhD from the Faculty of Politics and Economics at the University of Cambridge in 1985. His PhD thesis was on food policy.

## Career

In the late 1970s, Murshid joined Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies as a researcher.
In 2010, Murshid edited Challenges in Boosting International Migration from Bangladesh which was written by Kazi Iqbal and Mohammad Yunus and published by the Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies.
Murshid retired in 2012 from Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies. He has worked at Asian Development Bank based in Cambodia and United Nations Development Programme.
Murshid was appointed the director general of the Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies on 9 April 2015. He co-wrote a book with Muhammad Yunus called Rice prices and growth, and poverty reduction in Bangladesh and published in 2018 by the Food and Agriculture Organization.
Dr Binayak Sen replaced Murshid on 1 April 2021 as the director general of the Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies. Under Murshid the institute had climbed to 94 on the 2020 Global Go To Think Tank Index of the University of Pennsylvania. He edited two books, Securing Food For All in Bangladesh and Agricultural Transformation and Rural Poverty in Bangladesh: Essays in Memory of Dr. Mahabub Hossain, which were published by The University Press Limited in 2021.
Murshid wrote The Odds Revisited: Political Economy of the Development of Bangladesh published by the Cambridge University Press in 2022. In 2024, he described the national budget of Bangladesh as a fictitious budget.

## Personal life

Murshid is married to Shameem Subrana, singer. His son, Shabab Murshid, died at the age of 15 while studying at the International School of Phnom Penh and he founded the Shabab Murshid Foundation in his memory. His elder sister is Tazeen Mahnaz Murshid, senior lecturer of King's College London. His other sister Sharmeen Murshid is a member of the advisory council of the Bangladesh interim government. His brother Kumar Murshid is a politician in the United Kingdom who was a member of the Labour Party.
# Bashar Ahmad Nuseibeh

Bashar Ahmad Nuseibeh (born 1967) is a software engineering researcher and academic. He is a full professor of computing at The Open University, where he heads a software engineering and design research group.
He is also an honorary professor at University College London, and a visiting professor at the National Institute of Informatics, Japan, and at University College Dublin, Ireland.
Previously, he held tenured academic positions as professor of software engineering at the University of Limerick, where he served as the first chief scientist of the Irish Software Research Centre, Lero; and as associate professor (reader) in computing at Imperial College London, where he founded and headed its software engineering laboratory.
Nuseibeh is internationally recognised as a leading researcher in requirements engineering, adaptive systems, and security, privacy & digital forensics.

## Career

Nuseibeh studied at the University of Sussex where he received a First Class Honours BSc in Computer Systems Engineering in 1988. He then moved to Imperial College London to complete his MSc in the Foundations of Advanced Information Technology, awarded in 1989. He remained at Imperial College London for the next decade, firstly to complete his PhD in Software Engineering in 1994, before becoming a postdoctoral researcher. He received his lectureship at Imperial College in 1996, and was promoted to reader in 2000.
In 2001, Nuseibeh moved to the Open University as professor of computing, where he was director of research from 2002 to 2008. From 2009 to 2012, he took a secondment to Lero, The Irish Software Research Centre, as professor of software engineering and chief scientist. In recent years, Nuseibeh has become a leading expert in privacy and security in the field of software development. As a result he received two European Research Council (ERC) grants, including an Advanced Grant on Adaptive Security and Privacy.
Nuseibeh was a visiting professor at Imperial College London, and senior visiting researcher at NASA's Independent Validation and Verification (IV&V) Facility, in West Virginia, USA. He is currently a visiting professor at both University College Dublin (UCD) and the National Institute of Informatics (NII), Japan; and is an honorary professor at University College London (UCL).

## Recognition

* ACM Fellow, in the 2024 class of fellows
* Harlan D. Mills Award
* Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering (RAEng).
* Requirements Engineering Lifetime Service Award
* Member of the Royal Irish Academy (RIA).
* Fellow of the British Computer Society (BCS).
* Fellow of Irish Computer Society (ICS).
* Fellow of the Institution of Engineering & Technology (IET).
* Member of Academia Europaea.
* Automated Software Engineering Fellow
* Royal Society-Wolfson Merit Award.
* Senior Research Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering.
* Philip Leverhulme Prize.
* Most Influential Paper Award at International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE).
* ACM SigSoft Distinguished Service Award
* IFIP Outstanding Service Award
# 1869 Hastings by-election

The 1869 Hastings by-election was fought on 18 November 1869. The by-election was fought due to the death of the incumbent MP of the Liberal Party, Frederick North. It was won by the Liberal candidate Ughtred James Kay-Shuttleworth.
# Oakwood School (Los Angeles)

34°09′01″N 118°22′33″W﻿ / ﻿34.150250°N 118.375911°W﻿ / 34.150250; -118.375911
Oakwood School is a K-12 co-educational independent day school located in the San Fernando Valley region of Los Angeles, California.
The school consists of two campuses: the elementary school campus in Studio City, and the secondary school campus in North Hollywood. The school was founded in 1951 by a small group of parents who were unhappy with other schools available.

## Notable people
### Alumni

* Mitchell Butler
* Lily-Rose Depp
* Zoey Deutch
* Alex Ebert, Golden Globe and Grammy-winning musician
* Andrew Gold
* Todd Haynes, film director
* Elizabeth McGovern, actress
* Chris O'Loughlin (born 1967), Olympic fencer
* Chris Pine
* Wolfgang Van Halen
* Wendy Waldman
* Mark Wexler
* Moon Zappa
* Joey Dosik
* Ava Max

### Faculty

* Sarah Culberson - Sierra Leonean princess
# Oasis Academy (Nevada)

Oasis Academy Charter School is a charter school in Fallon, Nevada. It covers grades K-12.
It was established in 2011. By 2015 the school had up to grade 10, with a student count of 500. In 2017 its enrollment was 160.
By 2022 it was located in a more than 100,000-square-foot (9,300 m$^2$) former Walmart. Old Fallon LLC was the previous owner of the facility, The school purchased the facility on April 25 of that year.

## Athletics

In 2017 the school held athletic events at county and municipal athletic facilities, as the school itself lacked such facilities.
# Ocean View Hills School

Ocean View Hills School is a public elementary and middle school in San Diego, California, United States, located near the junction of California State Route 905 and Interstate 805. At the time of its opening, it was the first new school to open in San Ysidro Elementary School District in 24 years.

## History

Ocean View Hills School opened in temporary buildings in 2001 with a capacity of about over 1,000 students students. The campus location, roughly two miles from Brown Field Municipal Airport, contributed to the extended period before the permanent building was constructed while the San Diego City Council debated whether to convert the airfield to a cargo airport, a change which was ultimately rejected. After that, the frequent change in district leadership was a major factor in the delay. Construction on the new buildings began in October 2004 and was completed in December 2005.
After the permanent building opened, the school became so popular that it was experiencing overcrowding within a year. The reintroduction of portable classrooms and additional staff was expected to relieve the situation, as was the construction of Vista Del Mar Elementary School in the Ocean View Hills neighborhood.

## Campus

The school is sited on 20 acres (8 ha) with an additional 5 acres (2 ha) for parking. The campus has seven buildings with over 40 classrooms.
The classrooms are outfitted with a variety of educational technology products, such as interactive whiteboards, wireless microphones and teacher workstations that include high-resolution document cameras.

## Extracurricular activities

Ocean View Hills School has an after-school performing arts program that puts on a full musical once a year.
# Odyssey High School

Odyssey High School was a high school located at 95 G St, South Boston, Massachusetts 02127. It is a third of the old South Boston High School. The school was later shut down, after the school lost its headmaster.
It was later changed to be Boston Green Academy.
# Ohio Distance and Electronic Learning Academy

The Ohio Distance and Electronic Learning Academy (OHDELA) is a tuition-free online public charter school for grades K-12.
The school is headquartered in Independence, Ohio, United States.
OHDELA uses different types of curricula such as Calvert and ThinkCentral. OHDELA gives parents the choice of which to use.
OHDELA is operated by Accel Management, a charter school management company.
As an online school, OHDELA has been treated differently by the State of Ohio in regards to educational accountability. Despite receiving an F on the State Report Card several years running, the school has continually received increased public funding. Due to this lack of accountability, the school has thrived financially in recent years, but student success has not necessarily followed.
OHDELA receives funding from the State of Ohio's taxpayers in excess of $10 million annually. This money is then able to be used by the school for whatever it deems necessary. The fact of public funding coupled with the lack of accountability has led to widespread criticism in the press both locally and nationally.
For several years, White Hat Management and OHDELA have been embroiled in a lawsuit over their funding and how it is allowed to be used. In a recent dissenting opinion, Ohio Supreme Court Justice O'Neill wrote "This contract does indeed permit a [charter school] operator ... to squander public money and then ... reap a bonus, paid for by public money. And that is why this contract is unenforceable as a matter of public policy and contract law." Furthermore, White Hat Management is facing other lawsuits from school districts across the State for its negligence in public education.
Despite OHDELA's slew of legal troubles and public ire, they are still operating in Ohio with taxpayer dollars.
# Ohio Field

Ohio Field was a multipurpose stadium on the campus of Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio, United States. It was built in 1898, dedicated in 1908, and served as the first on-campus home of the Ohio State Buckeyes football team as well as the track and field team through the 1921 season. Initial seating capacity was approximately 500 until 1907, when a grandstand and bleachers were added. Another renovation in 1910 saw a second grandstand added, with amenities such as brick ticket booths and iron fences, boosting capacity to 14,000.
While playing at Ohio Field, the Buckeyes joined the Big Ten Conference, then known as the Western Conference, in 1912. The football team rose to prominence after the arrival of Chic Harley in 1916, who led the team to their first conference championships in 1916 and 1917. The team's success and the popularity of Harley led to a significant increase in the demand for tickets. In 1919, 20,000 fans attended the game against Illinois, with an estimated 40,000 watching from the stadium's perimeter, including from the roofs of neighboring homes. The increased popularity of Ohio State football necessitated construction of a larger stadium. Land was purchased by the university in 1919 along the Olentangy River and a fundraising drive was started. Ohio Stadium opened in 1922, with an initial seating capacity of approximately 63,000.
After the opening of Ohio Stadium, Ohio Field was torn down. It was located on North High Street, between 17th and Woodruff Avenues. Presently, the space is occupied by Arps Hall, Ramseyer Hall and a parking garage.
In the Ohio State University Marching Band's Buckeye Battle Cry song, the lyrics "Ohio Field will once again hear the Buckeye Battle Cry" play. The song generally played following an Ohio State football touchdown or an Ohio State football win.
# Boris Avrukh

Boris Leonidovich Avrukh (Hebrew: בוריס ליאונידוביץ' אברוך; Russian: Борис Леонидович Аврух; born 10 February 1978 in Karaganda, Soviet Union) is an Israeli chess grandmaster. He was the World Under-12 champion in 1990.

## Chess career

Boris Avrukh has played for Israel six times in Chess Olympiads.
* In 1998, at second reserve board at the 33rd Chess Olympiad in Elista (+7 –1 =2);
* In 2000, at third board at the 34th Chess Olympiad in Istanbul (+5 –2 =4);
* In 2002, at first reserve board at the 35th Chess Olympiad in Bled (+3 –3 =3);
* In 2004, at fourth board at the 36th Chess Olympiad in Calvià (+5 –0 =5);
* In 2006, at fourth board at the 37th Chess Olympiad in Turin (+6 –1 =3).
* In 2008, at second/third boards at the 38th Chess Olympiad in Dresden (+2 –2 =4).
He won individual gold medal at Elista 1998 and bronze medal at Turin 2006. He won a team silver medal at Dresden 2008.
In 1999, he tied for 5–6th with Alexander Huzman in Tel Aviv (Boris Gelfand, Ilia Smirin, and Lev Psakhis won). In 2000, he tied for 1st-2nd with Huzman in Biel and took 6th in Haifa (Wydra Tournament; Viswanathan Anand won). In 2001, he won in Biel. In 2004, he tied for 8–9th in Beer Sheva Rapid (Viktor Korchnoi won). In 2009 he tied for first with Alexander Areshchenko in the Zurich Jubilee Open tournament.
Avrukh has twice won the Israeli Chess Championship; in 2000 (tied with Alik Gershon) and 2008. He took part in the FIDE World Chess Championship 2002, but was knocked out in the first round by Bartłomiej Macieja.
Avrukh has published several books, including The Classical Slav.
He cites Garry Kasparov as his favourite player of all time "for his powerful style and killer instinct."
# Sichilde

Sichilde (c. 590–627) was a Frankish queen as consort to Chlothar II from 618–627.
She was the daughter of the Count Brunulphe II of the Ardennes and the sister of Gomentrude (598–630), who was married to Dagobert I. Her maternal grandfather was royal maior domus. She married Chlothar in about 618. Subsequently, commentators such as Fredegar complained that Chlothar listened too much to counsel from women, most likely referring to Sichilde, indicating that she held a position of influence.
In 626 or 627, she was suspected of having had a relationship with Boso, son of Audolène of Étampes, and Boso was killed by the duke Arnebert on the order of Chlothar.
# Rose (novel)

Rose is a 1996 novel by American writer Martin Cruz Smith. The story is set in 1872 Wigan, Lancashire, England, a district with extensive coal mines.

## Synopsis

Jonathan Blair, a mining engineer, returns from Africa's Gold Coast and, on finding his native England utterly depressing, falls into melancholy and alcoholism. Blair wishes desperately to return to Africa, so, in exchange, he agrees to investigate the disappearance of a local curate engaged to marry the daughter of Blair's patron. With the unexpected assistance of Rose, a Wigan 'pit brow girl', Blair solves the mystery and, in the process, finds himself as well.

## Analysis

As a human being as well as an (ad hoc) investigator, Jonathan Blair does bear more than a passing resemblance to the Russian Chief Investigator found in the sprawling series of seven "Arkady Renko" novels also penned by Martin Cruz Smith. He stubbornly avoids taking the easy way out and repeatedly risks life and limb in the process.

## Translations

The book has been translated into Spanish, Dutch, Portuguese, French, German, Greek, Polish, Russian, and Hebrew.

## Reviews

* "Rose, a richly textured Victorian thriller from Martin Cruz Smith" by Martin Cruz Smith in Time. 147, no. 23, (1996): 73,
* Review by E. Weber, NEW YORK TIMES BOOK REVIEW, 101, no. 24, (1996): 50
* Review by David Horspool in TLS, the Times literary supplement. no. 4861, (1996): 22
# R. Vasudevan

R. Vasudevan was an Indian civil servant, and served as special secretary to the Prime Minister of India (Rajiv Gandhi), as also Secretary, Ministry of Steel and Ministry of Power, Government of India. Born in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu, Vasudevan was the holder of master's degrees in Economics from the University of Delhi and in public administration from Harvard University. He died on 25 July 2010. The Government of India honoured him, posthumously, in 2015, with the award of Padma Shri, the fourth highest Indian civilian award.
# Silvio Alverà

Silvio Alverà (December 17, 1921 – July 25, 1985) was an Italian alpine skier who competed in the 1948 Winter Olympics and in the 1952 Winter Olympics. He was born in Cortina d'Ampezzo.
In 1948 he finished fourth in the alpine skiing slalom competition, fifth in the combined event, and sixth in the downhill competition.