OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Wilkinson Bird

Major General Sir Wilkinson Dent Bird, KBE, CB, CMG, DSO (4 May 1869 – 6 January 1943) was an officer of the British Army during the late-19th century and the First World War.

## Early career

Dent was born 0n 4 May 1869, the son of J.D. Bird, a captain in the 20th Hussars. After studying at Wellington and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, he took a commission as a second lieutenant in the Queen's Royal Regiment (West Surrey) on 22 August 1888.
He was promoted to lieutenant on 1 December 1890, and to captain on 21 April 1897. That year, he served with the Niger Expedition, where he was mentioned in despatches and received a brevet promotion to major on 6 June 1897. His next posting took him to the North-Western Frontier of India.
Bird served with his regiment in the Second Boer War, where he was present at the Relief of Mafeking and was again mentioned in despatches, but was severely wounded and returned home in 1900. For his service, he was awarded the Distinguished Service Order (DSO).

## Staff duties and regimental command

Bird was back as a regular captain in his regiment in July 1902. From 1903 to 1905 he was chief instructor at the School of Musketry, and from 1905 to 1909 a lecturer at the Staff College, India. He was promoted to a brevet lieutenant-colonelcy in December 1909, and appointed a General Staff Officer, Grade 2, at the War Office the following year.
In 1913 Bird was transferred to command the 2nd Battalion, Royal Irish Rifles, and promoted to colonel. He was in command of the battalion at the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, when it was sent to France with the 7th Brigade, 3rd Division. On 26 August, at the Battle of Le Cateau, he assumed command of the 7th Brigade when its commander, Brigadier General Frederick McCracken, was disabled by an artillery shell.
Bird was severely wounded at the First Battle of the Aisne, on 15 September; his leg had to be amputated as a result, and on recovery he returned to the general staff rather than regimental service. He was promoted to brevet colonel in February 1915. He was made a General Staff Officer, Grade 1 in 1915, and appointed Director of Staff Duties in 1916. In May 1918, after being promoted to temporary major general, he took up the post of lieutenant-governor of the Royal Hospital, Chelsea, and retired in 1923, having received a promotion to major general in 1921. He was appointed the Lees Knowles Lecturer at Trinity College, Cambridge for the year 1927.
From December 1929 to 1939, Bird served as the colonel of the Queen's Royal Regiment (West Surrey), taking over from General Sir Charles Monro.

## Family

Bird married Winifred Barker in early 1902; the couple had two daughters. The eldest daughter was born in Westminster on 1 January 1903.
# Halloween: The Curse of Michael Myers (soundtrack)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Halloween: The Curse of Michael Myers is a soundtrack by Alan Howarth for the film of the same name. It was released on August 24, 1995 through Varèse Sarabande.

## Development

The original music score for Halloween: The Curse of Michael Myers is composed and orchestrated by long-time Halloween contributor Alan Howarth, his work in the series dating back to his collaboration with John Carpenter on Halloween II. However, Howarth's score was redone by music editor Paul Rabjohns when the film went through reshoots.
A soundtrack album was released by Varèse Sarabande, and is an unusual combination of the music featured in the original cut of the film, as well as that of the final theatrical cut. According to Howarth, he helped re-score the revised cut of the film, incorporating the use of guitar and drums in addition to the original score, which had been more synthesizer and piano-based. Howarth called the final product a "fix job," with numerous elements of the film's production being in flux both during and after principal photography. In addition to Howarth's score being redone, the film's sound design was also significantly altered from Howarth's original "minimalist" design. Howarth's official score for the film was released on August 24, 1995.
The music of Alabama-based rock band Brother Cane was featured throughout the film. The music came from their 1995 release Seeds on Virgin Records. The album's hit single "And Fools Shine On" can be heard when Kara, Tim and Beth arrive at school in their car. The song is also heard during the closing credits. Three other Brother Cane songs (all from the Seeds album) are featured in the film: "Hung on a Rope", "20/20 Faith", and "Horses & Needles". "Disconnected" by the group I Found God is also featured in the film.

## Track listing

All music is composed by Alan Howarth.

## Personnel

* Alan Howarth – composition, performance, production
* Paul Rabjohns – music editor

## Reception

The Time Out London film guide commented on Howarth's "jazzed-up version of John Carpenter's original electronic score: slicker than crude oil and just as unattractive."
# A. K. Jayasankaran Nambiar

A. K. Jayasankaran Nambiar is a judge of the Kerala High Court. The High Court of Kerala is the highest court in the Indian state of Kerala and in the Union Territory of Lakshadweep. The High Court of Kerala is headquartered at Ernakulam, Kochi.

## Early life and education

Nambiar was born to Justice K. A. Nayar, former judge of the Kerala High Court and Chandralekha Nayar. He completed his schooling from Lawrence School, Lovedale, graduated in chemistry from the Sacred Heart College, Thevara and obtained LL.B from Government Law College, Ernakulam with First Rank for which he was awarded the N. Govinda Menon Memorial Gold Medal. Nambiar has completed Masters of Arts in law from the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom.

## Career

Nambiar enrolled as an advocate in 1990 and started practising in Ernakulam district with M/s. Menon & Pai Advocates. He specialised in constitutional law and taxation – both direct and indirect. In July 2011, he was designated a senior advocate in the Kerala High Court and on 23 January 2014 he was elevated as an additional judge of High Court of Kerala and became permanent judge of High Court of Kerala on 10 March 2016.
# Ghen v. Rich

Ghen v. Rich, 8 F. 159 (1881), is an American property law case from the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts involving ownership of a dead whale. The case is frequently used to illustrate the difficulties of establishing "possession" and ownership under the common law.

## Parties

* Ghen was a whaler who operated out of Massachusetts. He killed the whale in question.
* Ellis was the person who found the killed whale on the beach and auctioned it.
* Rich was the buyer of the whale from Ellis; Rich processed the whale into oil and other by-products.

## Facts and holding

This 1881 case decided ownership of a dead finback whale (Balaenoptera physalus). The whale was killed by the libellant (plaintiff) Ghen's bomb lance. The whale washed up on the shore 17 miles from Cape Cod and was found by Ellis, who then auctioned off the whale to Rich, the defendant. Finback whales generally sink after being killed, and it takes time for the whale to resurface. According to the custom of the time, dead whales were retrieved from the shore after 2–3 days, and the finder identified the whaling company that had made the kill from the unique mark of the bomb lance. The finder would then notify the whaling company by communicating with Provincetown and in return receive a finder's fee. In this case, it was unclear whether the whaler or the person who discovered the washed up whale owned the animal.
The U.S. District Court of Massachusetts decided that it was unreasonable to expect the whaler to wait for the whale to return to the surface and therefore the whaler who killed the whale retained his claim to the property according to the custom under the prior common law and case law. The trial judge found, "If the fisherman does all that is possible to do to make the animal his own, that would seem to be sufficient [to give that fisherman full ownership]." Request for trover of the whale granted to Ghen.

## Images

* Bomb lance whaling harpoon
* A finback whale caught circa 1912
* Whaling gun at the New Bedford Whaling Museum
# Fork Films

Fork Films was an American film production and television production company founded in 2007, by Abigail Disney and Gini Reticker. The company primarily produced documentary films focusing on social issues, and select narrative films.
They have produced such films as Pray the Devil Back to Hell (2008), The Invisible War (2012), Cameraperson (2016), Trapped (2016), Strong Island (2017), One Child Nation (2019), Crip Camp (2020), and Disclosure: Trans Lives on Screen (2020).

## History

In 2007, Abigail Disney and Gini Reticker launched Fork Films a production company focusing on primarily producing documentary films focusing on social issues, and select narrative films. Apart from producing, the company gives grants to filmmakers to finish or produce their project. The company was launched after Disney began working with Reticker on the film Pray the Devil Back to Hell (2008), creating a company for licensing the film, before deciding to continue making documentary projects.
The company has produced films that have gone on to be nominated for the Academy Awards, Emmy Awards and News & Documentary Emmy Awards; Sun Come Up (2011), which was nominated for Academy Award for Best Documentary (Short Subject), The Invisible War (2012) by Kirby Dick, which was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature, The Armor of Light which won the News & Documentary Emmy Award for Outstanding Social Issue Documentary, and Strong Island (2017), and Crip Camp (2020), which were both nominated for the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature.
Apart from documentaries, the company has produced the narrative feature films Return and Hateship, Loveship by Liza Johnson.
In October 2022, it was announced the company had been shut down.

## Filmography

* Pray the Devil Back to Hell (2008)
* Return (2011)
* The Invisible War (2012)
* Citizen Koch (2013)
* 1971 (2014)
* Vessel (2014)
* Food Chains (2014)
* She's Beautiful When She's Angry (2014)
* Hot Girls Wanted (2015)
* The Mask You Live In (2015)
* The Armor of Light (2015)
* The Babushkas of Chernobyl (2015)
* Trapped (2016)
* Cameraperson (2016)
* Strong Island (2017)
* I Am Evidence (2017)
* For Ahkeem (2017)
* Tickling Giants (2017)
* Call Her Ganda (2018)
* Roll Red Roll (2018)
* Netizens (2018)
* That Way Madness Lies.. (2018)
* Be Natural: The Untold Story of Alice Guy-Blaché (2018)
* Same God (2018)
* Afterward (2018)
* 93Queen (2018)
* Cooked: Survival by Zip Code (2018)
* One Child Nation (2019)
* Midnight Traveler (2019)
* Disclosure: Trans Lives on Screen (2020)
* Crip Camp (2020)
* Mayor (2020)
* Love & Stuff (2020)
* 9to5: The Story of a Movement (2020)
* The People vs. Agent Orange (2020)
* Belly of the Beast (2020)
* Reality Winner (2021)
* The First Step (2021)
* Simple as Water (2021)
# FotoKem

FotoKem Industries Inc., doing business as FotoKem Laboratory, is a film laboratory and post-production studio located in Burbank, California. The company was founded in 1963.

## History

Fotokem was founded by Gerald Brodersen in 1963, starting as a small scale film laboratory in California for independent film productions.
Services include telecine from 16mm, 35mm and 65mm to standard definition or high definition; high-resolution scans; film scanning and recording; DVD-creation; editing; digital intermediates, optical track creation; nonlinear finishing; titling, video duplication and standards conversion; global data delivery; encoding; and other services related to the completion of a motion picture feature, television series, commercial, or other professional film production.
In 2004, Fotokem acquired the assets of Imagica USA, which enabled the lab 65 mm film post production workflows. To date until 2023, Fotokem is the only film lab still able to produce photochemical 70 mm film prints (especially IMAX format film print). Notable works include Christopher Nolan's Memento, Interstellar and films onwards.
In 2019, FotoKem expanded its creative post-production services in Santa Monica. FotoKem Santa Monica is linked to the company's Burbank and Hollywood locations via a secure fiber network, ensuring that feature-film and episodic finishing work can take place in real-time among all locations.
# Robert Thornton (scribe)

Robert Thornton (fl. 1418 – 1456) was a Yorkshire landowner, a member of the landed gentry. His efforts as an amateur scribe and manuscript compiler resulted in the preservation of many valuable works of Middle English literature, and have given him an important place in its history.

## Biography

Thornton's name is associated with two 15th-century manuscripts now held in different collections; Lincoln, Cathedral Library MS 91, the "Lincoln Thornton" manuscript, and British Library MS Additional 31042, the "London Thornton" manuscript. A number of candidates had been suggested for the scribe's identity, but he is now firmly identified as Robert Thornton, a relatively prosperous provincial landowner of the manor of East Newton, Stonegrave, in the North Riding of Yorkshire. The armigerous (Argent a bend gules with three escarbuncles or thereon) Thornton family had possessed East Newton Hall since the time of Edward I; Robert's parents are commemorated in the church at Stonegrave. Thornton's father, grandfather and great-grandfather were all also named Robert. The family retained possession of East Newton until 1692.
Thornton appears to have started to compile a collection of works for his own and his family's pleasure and instruction; he was essentially a gentleman-amateur in a field usually dominated by professional scriveners and ecclesiastical scribes. Rather than copying works at random, he made some attempt to edit romances, religious works and works on medicine or herblore into different "booklets" within the manuscript. He wrote in a practised but rather untidy hand, adding a few simple decorative flourishes such as grotesque drolleries or ornamental scrollwork.
Thornton's tastes were fairly wide-ranging; the Lincoln manuscript reveals a liking for Arthurian romances, and he seems to have particularly appreciated alliterative verse, resulting in the preservation of some of the finest examples of the genre (notably The Alliterative Morte Arthure and Wynnere and Wastoure). The texts enable us to gain some insight into the way such manuscripts were used, perhaps with members of a family using it on one night to refer to a recipe, and on another to read a romance or even to take part in a dramatic performance.
After Thornton's death, the manuscripts remained in the hands of his descendants for many years; the name of Thornton's son William appears on folio 49.v of the Lincoln manuscript, in addition to the names of other family members elsewhere. However, by 1700 (when it was seen there by the antiquary Bishop Thomas Tanner) it had reached the Lincoln Cathedral Library, probably having been obtained by the cathedral's Dean Michael Honywood between 1660 and 1681.
As many libraries of manuscripts were lost during the Dissolution of the Monasteries, Thornton's private anthology became an extremely rare survival.

## Works preserved by Thornton

* Lincoln, Cathedral Library MS 91
* British Library MS Additional 31042
# Fred McCulloch

Frederick Fisher McCulloch (March 5, 1892 – August 11, 1966) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player. He played with the Victoria Aristocrats of the Pacific Coast Hockey Association during the 1915–16 season.
Prior to joining the PCHA McCulloch had won the Allan Cup (as Canadian national amateur champions) in 1914 with the Regina Victorias.
# The Pirate of Panama

The Pirate of Panama is a 1929 American action film serial directed by Ray Taylor. The film is considered to be lost.

## Cast

* Jay Wilsey (aka Buffalo Bill Jr.) as Karl
* Natalie Kingston as Evelyn Wallace
* Al Ferguson as Boris Bothwell
* George Ovey
* Mary Sutton as Aunt Berry
* Otto Bibber as Teager

## Episodes

The serial had a total of 12 episodes, with the first 3 being released on the same day, and the others being slowly released for the next few months.
* Pirate Gold
* Mutiny
* The Treasure Chest
* The Pirates' Secret
* Vengeance
* Trapped by the Tide
* The Shadow of Death
* The Menacing Swamp
* The Signal of Hope
* Two Lives for One
* The Price of Greed
* The Greatest Treasure
# Danish–Icelandic Act of Union

The Danish–Icelandic Act of Union, an agreement signed by Iceland and Denmark on 1 December 1918, recognized Iceland as a fully independent and sovereign state, known as the Kingdom of Iceland, which was freely associated to Denmark in a personal union with the Danish king. Iceland established its own flag, declared its neutrality and asked Denmark to represent on its behalf foreign affairs and defense interests, while maintaining full control of them. Iceland opened its first embassy in 1920. The Act would be up for revision in 1940 and could be revoked three years later if agreement was not reached.

## Background

While a few prominent Icelanders, such as Benedikt Sveinsson [is], wanted to also sever the personal union with the Danish king, the Icelanders did not seriously pursue it. It was understood that the Danish king would not use the veto powers afforded to him by the Act of Union, and the Icelanders considered it unnecessary to sever all ties with Denmark, having gained their independence and full control of all state affairs.
Historian Gunnar Karlsson argues that Denmark was willing to grant Iceland sovereignty in 1918 for two reasons. First, the self-determination of peoples had grown in importance with the end of World War I. Second, Iceland had shown that it was capable of governing its own affairs (starting with Home Rule in 1904) and relations with other states (during World War I when Iceland was cut off from Denmark).

## The founding of the Republic

On 17 June 1944, during the occupation of Denmark by Nazi Germany, while the armed forces of the United States, the United Kingdom and Canada were still in Iceland, a referendum was held on severing ties with the monarchy and the country voted overwhelmingly to become a republic.
# Battle of Krivasoo

Battle of Krivasoo (Estonian: Krivasoo lahing; 18 November 1919 - 30 December 1919) took place near the Krivasoo, Estonia during the Estonian War of Independence between the Estonian Army and the Red Army. It is considered one of the last engagements of the conflict before a ceasefire was called in early January 1920.
Fighting around Krivasoo began in the wake of the retreat of the Northwestern Army after it failed to take the city of Petrograd. The 7th and 15th Soviet Armies, advancing behind collapsing White Russian forces, began their attack as they approached the fortified positions at the state border near Narva. The first clashes took place on Luga River on 16 November, starting the conclusive battles with 120,000 Soviets facing 40,000 Estonians. After repeated attacks, the 7th Red Army managed to achieve some limited success. At the end of November, the situation on the front calmed, as the Soviets needed to replenish their forces. In order to pressure Estonia in the peace talks, intensive Soviet attacks restarted on 7 December. On 16 December, the situation became critical as forward units of the 15th Red Army crossed the Narva River. The next day, an Estonian counterattack pushed the Soviets back. The Estonian high command actively reinforced the 1st Division at Narva during the battles, sending in the headquarters of the 3rd Division. General Tõnisson became commander of the Viru Front. After suffering 35,000 casualties in heavy battles, the Red Army was completely exhausted by the end of December. By this time, negotiations with Bolshevik representatives brokered a ceasefire between the Red Army and the Estonian forces.
# Elaine Hudson

Elaine Hudson is an Australian actress and director. For her performance in Joh's Jury she was nominated for the 1993 AFI Award For Best Actress in a Leading Role in a Television Drama. Other screen roles include playing Lindy Chamberlain in The Disappearance of Azaria Chamberlain. Her lengthy stage career includes directing and playing the title character The Lady From Dubuque (Belvoir Street Theatre, 1996) and playing the lead in Burnt Piano (Belvoir Street Theatre, 1999).
# Broome race riots of 1920

A series of riots involving some members of the Japanese and Indonesian (mainly from Kupang in Timor) communities took place in Broome, a town in northern Western Australia in December 1920.
At the time of the riots, Broome—a town of around 5,000 people—had an ethnically diverse population with whites (European Australians), a minority of 900. The industry of the town was mostly based on pearl fishing, and the majority of the town worked in this occupation.
The Japanese had established themselves as a tight knit community, and were successful in the pearling business.
The background to the racial violence was based around the layoff period, in December 1920. This was a period in the pearling season when diving stopped and crews were laid off until the next season, generally resulting with the crews being let at loose ends in the town. There had previously been race-based violence between the Japanese and the Koepanger population in 1907 and 1914. The Japanese had attained a high position in the social ladder in Broome, and often used this against the Koepanger population who were generally not as fortunate.
The exact origins of the start of the conflict was unclear, but a number of small fights broke out between the two groups. The Koepangers were smaller in stature and number, only 400 of them while there were 2000 Japanese. While the European population were celebrating Christmas, tension spread, and more violence occurred, eventually resulting in a death. The police tried to quell the disturbances, eventually having to fire warning shots against crowds of up to 400 Japanese, some of whom were armed with guns.
Police officers generally tried to rescue the Koepangers, many of whom fled the town, or sought sanctuary in white establishments or the police station. Other ethnic groups kept out of the fracas, though there was risk of their involvement. Armed Japanese and Koepanger groups attacked each other for days, with whites trying to keep them at bay. Eventually enough people were deputised and the town was locked down, with the groups separated from each other, and the Japanese Consul appealing to the Japanese community to stop the violence.
At the end of the riots, five Koepangers, two Japanese and one police officer had been killed, and 60 people were injured.
# Misa Amano

Misa Amano (天野 美沙, Amano Misa, born October 15, 1986 in Kanagawa) is a Japanese swimmer, who specialized in individual medley events. She is a 2004 Olympian, and a multiple-time Japanese record holder in both the 200 and 400 m individual medley.
Amano qualified for the medley swimming events, as a 17-year-old, at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, by attaining an A-standard entry time of 4:43.72 from the Japanese Olympic trials. On the first day of the competition, Amano finished tenth in the preliminary heats of the women's 400 m individual medley with a time of 4:45.61, failing to qualify for the final by 0.45 of a second outside the top 8. In the 200 m individual medley, Amano continued her luck in the preliminary heats, as she missed again a spot for the semifinals by more than six tenths of a second (0.60) behind New Zealand's Helen Norfolk, in a time of 2:17.88.
# Ryo Takayasu

Ryo Takayasu (高安 亮, Takayasu Ryō, born July 19, 1981, in Kanagawa) is a Japanese butterfly swimmer.

## Major achievements

2006 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships
* 100m butterfly 2nd (52.59)
* 4 × 100 m medley relay 2nd (3:35.70)
2007 World Championships
* 50m butterfly 10th (24.03)
* 100m butterfly 23rd (53.53)

## Personal bests

In long course
* 50m butterfly: 23.45 Japanese Record (April 16, 2009)
* 100m butterfly: 52.43 (April 20, 2008)
In short course
* 50m butterfly: 23.04 (March 16, 2008)
* 100m butterfly: 49.90 Asian, Japanese Record (March 8, 2009)