# Humber Lifeboat Station

Humber Lifeboat Station is an All-weather lifeboat station based at the mouth of the River Humber.
The station was opened in 1810, and was located on Spurn Point in the East Riding of Yorkshire. Previously operated by Hull Trinity House, it was transferred to the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) in 1911.
Due to the waters around this part of the coast being so dangerous, and Spurn Point being so remote from the mainland, it is the only All-weather lifeboat station in the United Kingdom staffed by a professional full-time RNLI crew. Since 1810, the crews having been awarded 33 RNLI medals for gallantry.
In June 2023, due to problems with the jetty on Spurn Point, and considering the continuing coastal erosion and difficulties getting access, it was announced that the Spurn Point base would close. Humber lifeboat station would move permanently to their second base at Grimsby Docks, previously used temporarily in certain weather conditions.
The current lifeboat is the Severn-class 17-05 Pride of the Humber (ON 1216), which has been on service since 1997.

## History

A lifeboat station was established in 1810 at Spurn Point with a crew supplied by Hull Trinity House. A decommissioned gun battery emplacement, last used in 1809, was requisitioned as the main lifeboat building and was also partly converted into the Life Boat House Hotel. The crew of the lifeboat were billeted in Kilnsea, 3 miles (5 km) up the coast, until 1819 when cottages were built adjacent to the life boat house. The lifeboat House Hotel was owned and operated by the master of the crew. Apart from selling drink and provisions, the master made a side income from loading gravel and sand onto passing ships. The land and money to fund the operation had been supplied by the local lord of the manor. He petitioned Trinity House to take up the offer of the land and supply a lifeboat to use at Spurn. This they did, engaging Henry Greathead of South Shields in building a ship with ten oars.
In the early days of the rescue boat, the mood of the crew at Spurn was sullen as they were not paid too well and were at the mercy of the master who ran the inn to provide what food and drink they needed. Locals from up the coast would come to load ships with gravel and sand, which they did brandishing revolvers, threatening the crew members, who viewed the enterprise as taking away their self-sufficiency. In 1811, the master wrote to Trinity House to complain about this "Law of the Dunes" as he labelled it, to which they had no legal recourse, with the nearest officials miles away.
In December 1823, a fierce storm worked the ropes loose on the lifeboat and it capsized. It was ruined and needed replacing. Something similar occurred 60 years later in 1883, again after a particularly stormy night, the crew discovered that their lifeboat had been loosed of its moorings during the storm. This time it was safe and was later found drifting off the island of Texel, off the coast of the Netherlands.
Between 1908 and 1911, the station came under the aegis of the Humber Conservancy Board, who argued that the lifeboat station and crew should be handed over to the RNLI. For their part, the RNLI were reluctant to take on the crew as they were paid, which went against its policy of having volunteers. Eventually, these issues were sorted out and the RNLI assumed control in 1911. In 1919, the first motorised boat, the Samuel Oakes was launched and in 1924, the station name was changed from Spurn Lifeboat to Humber Lifeboat.
The lifeboatmen were known to have taken advantage of the military railway between Spurn Point and Kilnsea as a means of quick transport up the coast to the village. They adapted a boat powered by wind to run along the line. When they met a military supply train travelling in the opposite direction, they were required to remove their sail wagon from the rails to allow the train to pass, not an easy task as the sail wagon had no working brake.
Due to the remoteness of the station, its restricted access (by road from the north) and the dangerous waters around this part of the east coast, the crew were on-site full time and were the only full-time paid RNLI All-weather lifeboat crew in the United Kingdom. The station was one of nine RNLI lifeboat stations situated along the Yorkshire Coast and the most southerly of them all. Up until 2012, the families of the crew lived in cottages on Spurn Head adjacent to the lifeboat station, but a decision was taken to have two crews revolving through a roster and so the families moved to new accommodation in Kilnsea. As the spit of land is prone to breaches, this was also viewed as in the best interests of the families of the crew members. Latterly, the families had been housed in cottages built in 1975 to replace the row of houses first built in 1819. These were demolished when the seven new houses were built at a cost of £100,000. The retaining wall built to hold the sea back from the domestic area still survives fulfilling its intended purpose. From August 2012 to 2023, the two crews rotated through a shift of six days on and six days off.
The lifeboat was moored at the end of a pier that sets out into the Humber Estuary (westwards from Spurn Head) rather than a traditional launch down a ramp into the sea (which is on the eastern side of Spurn Head). This location has been described as being in the lee of bad weather, thereby providing a safer place to set off from. The crew have pushbikes to cycle down to the end of the pier and then use a boarding boat to get to the lifeboat. Despite some buildings being erected to launch the lifeboat, even from the early days, it was recognised of the difficulties in launching the boat from land, so it has been traditionally moored away from the coastline. A traditional lifeboat house with slipway was built in 1923 and used up until 1977, but it fell into disuse with bigger lifeboats arriving, that were better moored afloat. The slipway and lifeboat house were demolished in 1995.
The Humber Lifeboat had an operational area that covers the Humber estuary to Immingham Dock, south along the coastline to Skegness, northwards to Bridlington and up to a 100 miles (160 km) out to sea. This overlapped with the Cleethorpes Lifeboat to the south and the Withernsea Lifeboat to the north and to other rescue agencies along the river. The Bridlington and Skegness lifeboats were the next nearest all-weather lifeboats along the east coast.
In February 2023 following a routine inspection of the infrastructure of the station, issues were found and a decision was taken for cost and health & safety reasons to permanently relocate the boat and crew from Spurn Point to nearby Grimsby on the south side of the estuary.

## Notable rescues

During the stations 200 year plus history, 33 RNLI gallantry medals have been awarded to the crews for their gallantry, including three gold, 13 silver and 17 bronze. Of these, Robert Cross, Coxswain for 31 years until 1943, won two gold, three silver and two bronze, as well as the George Medal.
In just 7 weeks between December 1978 and February 1979, the Humber Lifeboat launched to three medal rescues. Coxswain Brian William Bevan MBE, is the only crew member in the history of the RNLI to be presented with Bronze, Silver and Gold Medals for Gallantry at the same awards ceremony.
Exact records of the first 100 years of rescues are patchy, but between 1810 and 1854, over 800 people had been rescued from the seas around Spurn Head. Between 1911 (when the Humber Lifeboat came under RNLI control) and December 2009, the lifeboat was launched 2,268 times saving over 790 lives in the process. At least three crew of the lifeboat were lost at sea during rescues in the 19th century.
* 31 October 1850 - the brig Cumberland was wrecked off the east coast at Kilnsea during a gale. The captain of the Cumberland had already been drowned by the time the Spurn lifeboat arrived and the crew of eight were forced to climb into the rigging to survive. Four were rescued, but the next day the rescue of the other four necessitated the use of rocket lines. One of the Spurn Lifeboatmen, John Branton also was lost at sea.
* 19 November 1855 - the lifeboat capsized whilst assisting the schooner Zabuia Deverell; two of the crew drowned.
* 14 February 1979 - the coaster Revi, a Panamanian registered vessel carrying silver sand, sent out a distress call when she was 30 nautical miles (56 km; 35 mi) off Spurn Point. The ship was foundering in a force ten gale and due to the huge waves at sea, (between 33 feet (10 m) and 39 feet (12 m) high) swamping the ship, she was taking on water. The crew of the City of Bradford IV put to sea at 0:15 am and after several attempts in extremely rough seas, all four crew jumped from the foundering ship onto the lifeboat, with the last person to jump being the master, who was clinging to the side of the ship as she listing 45 degrees to port. The lifeboat headed back to the safety of the Humber Estuary at 2:33 am.
* 17 September 1989 - the crew responded to a distress call after a merchant vessel, the Fiona, stated she had been in a collision with another ship some 10 nautical miles (19 km; 12 mi) east of Spurn Point. The lifeboat Kenneth Thelwall was launched at 5:00 am and when she was 5 nautical miles (9.3 km; 5.8 mi) out from the site of the Fiona, they could see the fire on the other ship involved, the Phillips Oklahoma. 16 of the 25 crew were taken off the now heavily unstable Phillips Oklahoma onto the Humber lifeboat. The coxswain of the lifeboat, Brain Bevan, later described the fire as "The worst I have ever seen at sea."
* 14 August 1990 - Two Royal Air Force Tornado GR.1 aircraft (ZA464 and ZA545) collided 10 nautical miles (19 km; 12 mi) north-east of Spurn Point. The aircrew of one aircraft from RAF Laarbruch (ZA464) ejected, but only the pilot was recovered alive. The aircrew of the other aircraft were deemed to be dead after a search by the Humber lifeboat and other agencies, resulted in no-one being found.

## Station Honours

The following are awards made at Spurn / Humber
* George Medal
       Robert Cross, Coxswain - 1940
* RNLI Gold Medal
       Robert Cross, Coxswain - 1940
       Robert Cross GM, Coxswain - 1943 (Second Service Clasp)
       Brian Bevan, Superintendent Coxswain - 1979
* RNLI Silver Medal
       James Norris, Master of the Smack Waterloo - 1839
       J M Williams, Mate of the quarantine cutter Bee - 1843
       Edward Weldrake - 1877
       Robert Cross, Coxswain - 1916
       Robert Cross, Coxswain - 1925 (Second-Service Clasp)
       Robert Cross, Coxswain - 1939 (Third-Service Clasp)
       John Sanderson Major, crew member - 1940
       William Jenkinson, crew member - 1940
       William James Jenkin Hood, crew member - 1940
       Samuel Cross, crew member - 1940
       Samuel Frederick Hoopell, crew member - 1940
       George Richards, Reserve Mechanic - 1943
       Brian Bevan, Superintendent Coxswain - 1979
* RNLI Bronze Medal
       Robert Cross, Coxswain - 1922
       John Sanderson Major, Motor Mechanic - 1939
       Robert Cross GM, Coxswain - 1941 (Second-Service Clasp)
       George Stephenson, crew member - 1943
       Samuel Cross, crew member - 1943
       Sidney Harman, crew member - 1943
       William Major, crew member - 1943
       George Shakesby, crew member - 1943
       Dennis Bailey, Second Coxswain - 1979
       Barry Sayers, Mechanic - 1979
       Ronald Sayers, Assistant Mechanic - 1979
       Michael Barry Storey, crew member - 1979
       Peter Jordan, crew member - 1979
       Sydney Rollinson, crew member - 1979
       Dennis Bailey (Jnr), crew member - 1979
       Brian Bevan, Superintendent Coxswain - 1979
       Brian Bevan, Superintendent Coxswain - 1982 (Second-Service Clasp)
* The Thanks of the Institution inscribed on Vellum
       R Buchan, Coxswain - 1966
       Humber Lifeboat Crew - 1979
       Peter Jordan, crew member - 1980
       Dennis Bailey Jnr, crew member - 1980
       David Steenvoorden, Acting Coxswain Superintendent - 2004
       David Steenvoorden, Superintendent Coxswain - 2006
* A Framed Letter of Thanks signed by the Chairman of the Institution
       Dennis Bailey, Second Coxswain - 1987
       David Steenvoorden, Superintendent Coxswain - 2005
       Daniel Atkinson, Assistant Mechanic - 2006
* A Collective Letter of Thanks signed by the Chairman of the Institution
       Brian Bevan, Superintendent Coxswain - 1987
       Dennis Bailey, Second Coxswain - 1987
       Richard White, Mechanic - 1987
       Peter Thorpe, Assistant Mechanic - 1987
       Jack Essex, crew member - 1987
       David Cape, crew member - 1987
       Brian Bevan, Superintendent Coxswain - 1994
       Robert White, Second Coxswain - 1994
       Peter Thorpe, Mechanic - 1994
       Leslie Roberts, Assistant Mechanic - 1994
       Sydney Rollinson, crew members - 1994
       David Steenvoorden, crew members - 1994
       Christopher Barnes, crew members - 1994
       David Steenvoorden, Coxswain - 2012
       Stephen Purvis, crew member - 2012
* Royal Humane Society’s Testimonial on Vellum
       C Alcock, Second Mechanic - 1957
* A Special Doctor’s Certificate on Vellum
       Dr James Duncan Busfield - 1976
* Member, Order of the British Empire (MBE)
       Brian William Bevan, Superintendent Coxswain - 1999
       David Leonardus Steenvoorden - 2017

## Humber Lifeboats
### All-weather lifeboats

| ON | Op. No. | Name | In service | Class | Comments |
| 206 | – | Manchester Unity | 1901–1903 | 38-foot 2in Self-righting (P&S) | On loan to Spurn from the RNLI when the Spurn boat was away on repair. |
| 631 | – | Unnamed | 1903–1913 | 34-foot 6in Norfolk & Suffolk (P&S) | |
| 516 | – | Charles Deere James | 1913–1919 | 38-foot Liverpool (P&S) | |
| 651 | – | Samuel Oakes | 1919–1923 | 40ft Watson | |
| 680 | – | City of Bradford, City of Bradford I from 1928 | 1923–1929 | 45ft Watson | Paid for by a fundraising effort in the City of Bradford. |
| 709 | – | City of Bradford II | 1929–1954 | 45ft 6in Watson | She was named at Bridlington to allow people to witness the event and reach the ceremony easily; it was decided that Spurn Point was too remote. |
| 680 | – | City of Bradford I Humber No.2 | 1930–1932 | 45ft Watson | |
| 911 | – | City of Bradford III | 1954–1977 | 46ft 9in Watson | Transferred to Lytham St Annes Lifeboat station in 1977 |
| 828 | – | The Princess Royal (Civil Service No.7) Humber No.2 | 1968–1969 | 46ft Watson | |
| 1052 | 54-07 | City of Bradford IV | 1977–1987 | Arun | Funded by the Lord Mayor of Bradford's Charity Appeal 1974–1975. |
| 1123 | 52-37 | Kenneth Thelwall | 1987–1997 | Arun | Named after its benefactor, Kenneth Thelwall from the East Riding of Yorkshire. Transferred to Holyhead Lifeboat Station. |
| 1216 | 17-05 | Pride of the Humber | 1997– | Severn | |

### Inshore lifeboats

| Op. No. | Name | In service | Class | Comments |
| D-56 | Unnamed | 1964 | D-class (RFD PB16) | ILB trialled in 1964, but relocated to Humber Mouth Lifeboat Station at Humberston in 1965. |
* ↑ ON is the RNLI's Official Number of the boat.
* 1 2 Op. No. is the RNLI's Operational Number of the boat carried on the hull.