OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Daddy & Papa

Daddy & Papa is a 2002 documentary film made by Johnny Symons. It explores same-sex parenting as seen in the lives of four families headed by male couples. The film also examines the legal, social, and political challenges faced by gay parents and their children.
Filmmaker Symons and his partner William Rogers, along with their adopted son, Zachary, were one of the four families featured in the film. Symons says of the project,
   I wanted to document this phenomenon: what it means for out gay men to form their own families - for the dads, for the kids, for their extended families and schools and communities and the thousands of mainstream people who are being changed by their exposure to a new kind of family.
Daddy & Papa was shown nationwide in the U.S. on PBS in the spring of 2003 as part of its Independent Lens series. The film was scheduled for rebroadcast on the LOGO channel in August 2007.

## Awards

The highly acclaimed documentary won numerous awards, including:
* Emmy Award nomination, Best Documentary
* Official selection, Sundance Film Festival
* Golden Gate Award, Best First Person Documentary, San Francisco International Film Festival
* Audience Award for Best Documentary, Florida Film Festival
* Runner up for Best Film, Cleveland International Film Festival
* Documentary Most Likely to Change the World, Detroit Docs Film Festival
* Audience Award for Best Documentary, 1st Runner Up, Seattle International Film Festival
* Breaking the Mold Award, Newport Film Festival
* Best Documentary, Miami Gay and Lesbian Film Festival
* Outstanding Documentary Nominee, GLAAD Media Awards
* Honorary Mention, Best Feature Documentary, Oakland International Film Festival
* Best Documentary, Dallas OUTTakes
* Best Documentary, Connecticut Gay & Lesbian Film Festival
* Best Documentary, University of Oregon Queer Film Festival
* Audience Award for Best Documentary, Portland Lesbian & Gay Film Festival
* Audience Award for Best Feature, Out at the Movies
* Audience Award for Best Independent Documentary, ImageOut/Rochester Gay and Lesbian Film Festival
* Audience Award for Best Film and Audience Award for Best Documentary, Orinda Film Festival
* Silver Certificate of Merit, Prix Leonardo
* Best Documentary, North Carolina Gay & Lesbian Film Festival
* Official Selection, Input (International Public Television) Conference, Aarhus, Denmark
* Special Mention, Icelandic Lesbian & Gay Film Festival
# Notes on the Melody of Things

Notes on the Melody of Things (original title, in German: Notizen zur Melodie der Dinge) is an 1898 text by the Austrian writer Rainer Maria Rilke.

## Writing and publication

Rilke wrote "Notes on the Melody of Things" at age 23. He was influenced by his relationship with psychoanalyst and writer Lou Andreas-Salomé, a colleague and close companion of Friedrich Nietzsche who introduced Rilke to the philosopher's work, as well as a visit to Florence in 1898 in which he studied Renaissance painting.
The piece was not published during Rilke's lifetime, but many of its ideas would appear in Rilke's essay "The Value of the Monologue," also published in 1898.
The piece was eventually published in the fifth volume of Rilke's collected works, between 1955 and 1966 in Frankfort and Wiesbaden. Writer Damion Searls later translated the text into English for his anthology 2010 The Inner Sky: Poets, Notes, Dreams.

## Themes

"Notes on the Melody of Things" discusses theater criticism, landscape painting, human relations, memory, and solitude., and of humans' relationship to the natural world, mediated through art. In the text, Rilke characterizes the world as the background of a medieval or Renaissance-era painting, glowing behind human figures. He uses the phrase "melody of the background" to describe the atmosphere of such a landscape as a "melody" connecting all of human life and nature, and argues that one must understand this melody to understand the world.
# Robert A. Flaten

Robert A. Flaten (born May 21, 1934) is a retired American diplomat who served as the United States ambassador to Rwanda from 1990 to 1993. He retired in May 1994 and became chair of the Executive Committee of the Nobel Peace Prize Forum.

## Early and personal life

Robert A. Flaten was born in Northfield, Minnesota on May 21, 1934. He graduated from Northfield High School and earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from St. Olaf College, a Master of Arts in International Relations from the George Washington University, and a Doctor of Philosophy in South Asian Area Studies from the University of Pennsylvania. After graduating, Flaten worked in the United States Air Force from 1956 to 1959 as an aircraft pilot and radar controller. Flaten is married and has four children, having moved to Arlington County, Virginia.

## Diplomatic career

Flaten joined the United States Foreign Service in 1961. He was Director of the State Department Office of India, Nepal and Sri Lanka and Director of the Office of Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh Affairs in Washington, D.C. Flaten also served as Deputy Chief of Mission at the American Embassy in Tel Aviv from 1982 to 1986, Director of the Office of North African Affairs for one year, Deputy Assistant Secretary of the State Department Office of Congressional Relations from 1979 to 1981, Vice Consul in Peshawar, Pakistan, and Vice Consul in Strasbourg, France.
Flaten was appointed as the United States ambassador to Rwanda by President George H. W. Bush on October 30, 1990, succeeding Leonard H. O. Spearman. He presented his credentials on December 17, 1990 and served until November 23, 1993. During his tenure, he was actively involved in addressing the political climate in Rwanda, particularly concerning the tensions between Hutu and Tutsi groups. In 1993, he expressed concerns regarding the influx of Hutus from Burundi into Rwanda, indicating his awareness of the escalating ethnic tensions that would later culminate in the Rwandan genocide in 1994.
Flaten retired from the Foreign Service in May 1994, shortly after the genocide began, which significantly impacted Rwanda–United States relations and international diplomatic efforts in the region.

## Post-diplomatic career

After retiring from diplomatic service, Flaten became involved with various organizations focused on peace and human rights. Notably, he served as the chair of the Executive Committee of the Nobel Peace Prize Forum, where he contributed to discussions and initiatives aimed at promoting peace globally. Flaten also lectured at St. Olaf College.
# Pusillina benzi

Pusillina benzi is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae.
# Lucy Kaiser

Lucy Kaiser was a volunteer Union nurse during the American Civil War. Kaiser's service began in April 1861 as she left for St. Louis, Missouri. She soon after witnessed the battle of Carthage and felt inspired to get involved in the war effort. Kaiser soon found a service opportunity at the United States Post Hospital where she left her name to be called upon if needed. In the meantime, she remained in St. Louis to help the soldiers as she could. For example, Kaiser often wrote letters to prominent community members asking for supplies. During this time, Kaiser stayed at a hotel in St. Louis and served out of her own good will and expense.
On August 29, 1861, Kaiser traveled to Rolla, Missouri for service. Upon her arrival, Kaiser immediately noticed rampant disease: measles, fevers, colds, and even homesickness. Much like in St. Louis, supplies were incredibly scarce. In September of the same year, Kaiser committed to service in the Jefferson Barracks Hospital where she saw a great need for assistance. Once again, she took it upon herself to garner supplies for the severely under-stocked hospital. Kaiser also took up the cleaning of the ward. Though there weren't many injured or ill patients, Kaiser did not a fear that men from the regiments had been taken as prisoners of war. As new patients arrived, however, Kaiser took on work that typically was completed by the doctor in addition to her nursing duties. Despite her best efforts, on November 1, a soldier reported Kaiser, alleging that she did not give him enough food despite the scarcity of food and rations. Kaiser persisted in her efforts. A new doctor and steward arrived during her service, but they weren't attentive to the needs of their patients. Kaiser, once again, took on the extra work without complaint.
Even with all of her work, the hospital was severely neglected, which was frustrating for Kaiser. In February 1862, Kaiser transferred to the Benton Barracks. Her work load did not decrease, however; Kaiser acted as a supervisor and a nurse, as well as overseeing kitchen and laundry operations.
When the opportunity presented itself, Kaiser followed the regiment to Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee to battle. Despite numerous objections, Kaiser boarded a hospital ship heading to the battleground. Once the battle at Shiloh completed, Kaiser remained at the battlefield to help evacuate and treat the wounded soldiers. Kaiser soon repeated this experience at the Battle of Vicksburg: she left for battle on May 17, 1863. During her service at Vicksburg, Kaiser met both General Grant and General Sherman. Once again, Kaiser helped evacuate wounded soldiers via hospital ship.
Kaiser resigned from the service in June 1864 after over three years of service. The saddest part of her entire experience, according to Kaiser, was not only seeing the horror of war first hand, but especially writing letters to the wives and mothers of deceased servicemen.
# Sarah Ludford, Baroness Ludford

Sarah Ann Ludford, Baroness Ludford (born 14 March 1951) is a British-Irish Liberal Democrat politician and member of the House of Lords. She served as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for London from 1999 until 2014.

## Early life and education

Ludworth was born in the Blyth Rural District of East Suffolk to an English father and an Irish mother and grew up in Hampshire. On a scholarship, she attended the independent Portsmouth High School. She went on to graduate with a Bachelor of Science and a Master of Science, both from the London School of Economics. She subsequently qualified as a barrister, joining Gray's Inn in 1979.

## Political career

Ludford was created a life peer as Baroness Ludford, of Clerkenwell in the London Borough of Islington on 30 September 1997, after serving as a Councillor for the London Borough of Islington 1991–99. She was elected MEP for London at the European Parliament election in 1999 and returned in 2004 and 2009, before losing her seat in 2014.
A 2008 rule change by the European Parliament initially prevented Ludford (like other Eurodeputies) from taking her seat in the House of Lords in the UK Parliament due to her re-election to the European Parliament in the 2009 election.
She remains a member of the Liberal Democrat groups Friends of Israel and Friends of Turkey.

## Political positions

A longstanding opponent of capital punishment, Baroness Ludford has been pressing European drug companies not to supply executioners in the United States with sedatives. Ludford has expressed support for LGB Alliance.

## Other activities

* Fair Trials International, Patron
* JUSTICE, Vice President

## Personal life

Ludford lives in Islington. She was married to Steve Hitchins, Leader of Islington Borough Council (2000–06), until his death in September 2019.
# Treaty of Kalisz (1813)

The Treaty of Kalisz was signed in Kalisz (German: Kalisch, Russian: Kalish/Калиш) on 28 February 1813, between Russia and Prussia against Napoleon I. It marked the final changeover of Prussia onto the side against Napoleon.
The events that led to this alliance date back to 30 December 1812, at Tauroggen when Lieutenant-General Ludwig Yorck von Wartenburg, on behalf of his Prussian troops, and General Hans Karl von Diebitsch of the Russian Army signed the Convention of Tauroggen. The Convention of Tauroggen armistice, signed by Diebitsch and Yorck, "neutralised" the Prussian corps without consent of their king. The news was received with the wildest enthusiasm in Prussia, but the Prussian Court dared not throw off the mask yet, and an order was dispatched suspending Yorck from his command pending a court-martial. Two months later, the Prussians officially switched sides when Prussia and Russia signed the treaty and agreed to establish an alliance against Napoleon known as the Kalisz Union.
The treaty is also an interesting example of the predominance of the French language at this time. The text of the treaty was written in French, even though it was intended to arrange hostilities against France.
# Battle of Khunzakh

The Battle of Khunzakh in 1830 was Kazi Mulla’s failed attempt to capture the Avar Khanate based at Khunzakh during the Caucasian War.
In late 1829 Kazi Mulla began to preach holy war against Russia and declared himself Imam. His attempt to create a religiously-based Imamate naturally clashed with the political Khanate of Avaria. Further, the Khanate was under Russian pressure and received Russian subsidies. Kazi Mulla was based at Gimry 25 kilometers northeast of Khunzakh. On 4 February 1830 (all dates old style, so add 12 days for the modern calendar) Kazi Mulla gathered some 3000 men and marched on Andi, 50 kilometers west of Gimry. He gained their reluctant support and marched to Khunzakh 45 kilometers southeast, arriving on the 14th. Khunzakh at this time had over 700 houses, walls and defensive towers and was ruled by Pakhu-Bike, the widow of the late Khan. Kazi Mulla advanced, leading one column and Shamil the other. Impressed by the large force, the defenders began to give way. Pakhu-Bike, it is said, suddenly appeared before them and said “Avars, you are not worthy to bear arms. If you are afraid, give your swords to us women and take refuge behind our robes.” Stung by this taunt the defenders rallied and drove off the Murids, killing 200, wounding many and leaving 60 prisoners in the hands of the Khansha. Hadji Murad gathered up the banners of the enemy and sent them to Tiflis as proof of Avaria's loyalty to Russia. Kazi Mulla withdrew and soon made a new base in the forests of Chumkeskent 20 km east of Gimry.
Kazi Mulla was killed in battle two years later and was followed by Hamzat Bek. In 1834 Hamzat captured Khunzakh, beheaded Pakhu-Bike and killed most of the royal family. A month later he was killed by Hadji Murad in revenge for the slaughter of the royal family.
# Viktor Demyanenko

Viktor Leonidovich Demyanenko (Russian: Виктор Леонидович Демьяненко) (born August 26, 1958 in Alma-Ata, Kazakh SSR) is a retired boxer, who represented the USSR at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, Soviet Union. There he won the silver medal in the lightweight division (– 60 kg), after being defeated in the final by Cuba's Ángel Herrera. Demyanenko trained at Dynamo in Alma-Ata. He won gold at the 1979 European Championship. During his career Demyanenko won 267 fights out of 290.

## 1980 Olympic results

Below is the record of Viktor Demyanenko, a lightweight boxer from the Soviet Union who competed at the 1980 Moscow Olympics:
* Round of 32: Defeated Mohamed Bangura (Sierra Leone) by disqualification in second round
* Round of 16: Defeated Jong Jo-Ung (North Korea) by decision, 5-0
* Quarterfinal: Defeated Yordan Lessov (Bulgaria) by decision, 5-0
* Semifinal: Defeated Richard Nowakowski (East Germany) referee stopped contest in first round
* Final: Lost to Ángel Herrera (Cuba) referee stopped contest in third round due to injury (was awarded silver medal)
# Varvara Massyagina

Varvara Gennadyevna Masyagina (Kazakh: Варвара Геннадьевна Масягина; born 25 August 1977 in Almaty) is a Kazakh judoka, who competed in the women's half-heavyweight category. She picked up five medals in her career, including two silvers each from the 1998 Asian Games in Bangkok, Thailand and the 2003 Asian Judo Championships in Jeju City, South Korea, and later represented her nation Kazakhstan at the 2004 Summer Olympics.
Massyagina qualified for the Kazakh squad in the women's half-heavyweight class (78 kg) at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, by placing third and receiving a berth from the Asian Championships in Almaty. She lost her opening match to a seventeen-year-old U.S. judoka Nicole Kubes, who scored an ippon victory and quickly subdued her on the tatami with a harai makikomi (hip sweep wraparound) at eight seconds.
# Robert Chisholm (architect)

Robert Fellowes Chisholm (11 January 1840 – 28 May 1915) was a British architect who pioneered the Indo-Saracenic style of architecture in Madras.

## Early life

Chisholm was born in London on 11 January 1840 (or on 3 November 1838, according to the Royal Institute of British Architects), and had his early education in the United Kingdom, practising as a talented landscape painter in London during his youth. On completion of his education, he arrived at Calcutta, India and moved to Madras in 1865, where he was appointed head of the school of industrial art.

## Career

In that same year, 1865, Chisholm began to design the older building of Presidency College, Madras. He initially constructed buildings in the Renaissance and Gothic styles of architecture. Also in 1865–67, he was designing the Nilgiri Library in Ootacamund (completed in 1869), and the Lawrence Memorial School in that same town (1865–69). The revenue board building in the Chepauk Palace complex, which was constructed by Chisholm in 1871, was his first in the Indo-Saracenic or Muslim style of architecture. Chisholm later emerged as a pioneer in the Indo-Saracenic style of architecture.
Chisholm also constructed the Lawrence Asylum buildings (1865), Napier Museum Trivandrum, Presidency College, Madras (1865–70) the Senate buildings of the University of Madras (1874–79), offices of the P. Orr & Sons and the Post and Telegraph Office in Ootacamund (1875–83). Chisholm also enlarged and constructed a pavilion at the M. A. Chidambaram Stadium. Chisholm was appointed Consulting Architect to the Government of Madras in 1872 and served from 1872 to 1886. In 1876 he was appointed to the newly established executive committee of management of the Madras School of Arts,$^{:173}$ and was Officiating Superintendent of that institution from 1877 to 1883.$^{:171}$ He was also responsible for the Bombay Municipal Offices and the immense Laxmi Vilas Palace in Baroda (Vadodara) during 1880–90. He returned to London in 1902, where his best-known London building is Cadogan Hall (originally First Church of Christ, Scientist), near Sloane Square. He also designed an uncompleted Indian Museum in Belvedere Road, Lambeth, London.

## Death

Chisholm died on 28 May 1915 at Southsea at the age of 75.
# Flow-through share

A flow-through share (FTS) is a Canadian tax-based financing incentive that is available to, among others, the mining sector. A FTS is a type of share issued by a corporation to a taxpayer, pursuant to an agreement with the corporation under which the issuing corporation agrees to incur eligible exploration expenses in an amount up to the consideration paid by the taxpayer for the shares.
The corporation “renounces” to the taxpayer an amount in respect of the expenditures so that the exploration and development expenses are considered to be the taxpayer's expenses for tax purposes. As a result of the corporation renouncing the expenses, the shareholder can deduct the expenses as if incurred directly.
This is a unique structure that mineral exploration firms in Canada frequently use and encourages charitable gifting.

## Impact

According to Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) “Certain corporations in the mining, oil and gas, and renewable energy and energy conservation sectors may issue FTSs to help finance their exploration and project development activities. The FTSs must be newly issued shares that have the attributes generally attached to common shares.
   Junior resource corporations often have difficulty raising capital to finance their exploration and development activities. Moreover, many are in a non-taxable position and do not need to deduct their resource expenses. The FTS mechanism allows the issuer corporation to transfer the resource expenses to the investor. A junior resource corporation, in particular, benefits greatly from FTS financing.
When flow-through shares are donated, a lower after-tax cost of giving is achieved. The flow through donation financing structure helps senior Canadian philanthropists significantly reduce the after-tax cost of their charitable gifts while ensuring the charity chosen by the donor receives the full pledge amount immediately on closing and net of all fees and expenses.

## Structure

The FTS program provides tax incentives to investors who acquire FTSs by allowing:
* deductions for resource expenses renounced by eligible corporations; and
* investment tax credits for individuals (excluding trusts) on resource expenses in the mining sector that qualify as flow-through mining expenditures.
The Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) reviews all FTS arrangements. Audits are carried out to monitor the program.
The process involves the simultaneous subscription to flow through shares, thus accessing the Canadian Exploration Expense (CEE) and associated investment tax credit benefits, donation of the shares to the charity of the donors choice, and the sale by the charity of the shares to institutional investors which enables the original donor to receive a donation tax receipt.
There are four main providers of this service in Canada including WCPD, PearTree Canada, Oberon Capital Corporation, and Ber Tov Capital.