OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Khin Htay Kywe

Khin Htay Kywe (Burmese: ခင်ဌေးကြွယ်, pronounced) is a Burmese politician and former political prisoner, and currently serves as Mon State Hluttaw MP for Chaungzon Township. In the 1990 Burmese general election, she was elected as an Pyithu Hluttaw MP, winning a majority of 18,307 (80% of the votes), but was never allowed to assume her seat.
She attended the State High School No. 3 Tamwe and graduated from the Rangoon Arts and Science University in 1970 with a BS degree in zoology. In 1978, she became a lawyer.
# Samme stof som stof

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Samme stof som stof is an album by Under byen, released in 2006. The title means "same fabric as fabric", or "same matter as matter", although the word "stof" has multiple meanings in Danish, suggesting a wordplay. "Stof" can mean either fabric or physical matter giving the title multiple meanings (such as "same matter as fabric").

## Track listing

* "Pilot" – 5:10
* "Den her sang handler om at få det bedste ud af det" – 7:32
* "Tindrer" – 3:27
* "Heftig" – 5:18
* "Panterplanker" – 0:46
* "Af samme stof som stof" – 4:26
* "Film og omvendt" – 11:28
* "Mere af det samme og meget mere af det hele" – 1:39
* "Siamesisk" – 5:45
* "Liste over sande venner og forbilleder" – 2:08
* "Palads" – 4:10
* "Slå sorte hjerte" – 3:13
# 1ES 0229+200

1ES 0229+200 is a relatively distant BL Lacertae object (BL Lac) located in the constellation of Aries, 1.9 billion light years from Earth. It has a redshift of 0.140, and was discovered by astronomers in 1992 who conducted the Einstein IPC Slew Survey. It belongs to a class of high frequency-peaked BL Lac objects.

## Characteristics

1ES 0229+200 has an active galactic nucleus. It is classified either an extreme TeV blazar or an unusual high synchrotron peaked object, exhibiting a high synchrotron peak frequency of v$_{syn}$ ~ 10$^{19}$ Hz. It also shows X-ray polarization with a polarization degree found significantly higher, compared to the first IXPE observation on Markarian 501 but similar to the observation conducted on Markarian 421.
1ES 0229+200 contains a hard intrinsic spectrum with a spectral index inside an energy range betwixt ~ 0.5 TeV and ~ 15 TeV. Because of its hard spectrum, the galaxy was used as a primary source to examine extragalactic background light and intergalactic magnetic fields.
The host galaxy of 1ES 0229+200 is a relatively normal elliptical galaxy without any visible galaxy companions within its position. It has a half-light radius estimated r$_e$ = 3.25 ± 0.07" with a brightness of m$_{host,R}$ = 15.85 ± 0.01 magnitude. The supermassive black hole in the center of 1ES 0229+220 is 9.38 ± 9.08 M$_ʘ$ based on a fundamental plane measurement. However a study paper published in 2005, re-estimated the black hole mass as 8.68 ± 0.13 M$_ʘ$ according to a mass-dispersion of (M$_ʘ$ $^−$σ) value and a fundamental plane relation.
1ES 0229+200 contains two radio jets, comprising a parsec-scale jet and a kiloparsec-scale jet; the former which it is aligned to. Both of the jets located north and south, are found to be curved towards a west direction and they have position angles of -10° and 180° respectively. There is also a compact radio source that is found unresolved about 100" to the north.
A gamma ray signal has been found at a distance of less than 3° from 1ES 0229+200. Although no clear associations are found relating with the signal, it has a point-like nature and a steep energy spectrum.
# Nga Htwe Yu

Gen. Nga Htwe Yu (Burmese: ငထွေရူး, pronounced) was one of the Four Paladins of King Anawrahta during the Bagan dynasty. He was formerly a palm tree climber from Myinmu and said to be capable of dealing with a thousand palm trees in one morning. He was later knighted by Anawrahta and served as a leading general of the Royal Army.
# Zashkiv, Lviv Raion, Lviv Oblast

Zashkiv (Ukrainian: Зашків; Polish: Zaszków; German: Saschkiw) is a village not far from Lviv in Lviv Raion (district) of Lviv Oblast (region) in western Ukraine. It belongs to Lviv urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

## History

First written mention comes from the 1377 (14th century). Then belonged to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, from 1772 until 1918 to Austrian (Habsburg monarchy, Austrian Empire, Austria-Hungary) empires, in 1918–1919 to West Ukrainian People's Republic. From 1991 belonged to Ukraine.
Reading room of Ukrainian society Prosvita operated in the village.
Until 18 July 2020, Zashkiv belonged to Zhovkva Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Lviv Oblast to seven. The area of Zhovkva Raion was merged into Lviv Raion.

## Attractions

* Church of St. Michael the Archangel (1908)

## People

* Yevhen Konovalets, a military commander of the UNR army and the leader of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists between 1929 and 1938.
* Myron Konovalets, brother of Yevhen Konovalets, buried at the Munich Waldfriedhof.
# 1904 in radio

The year 1904 in radio involved some significant events.

## Events

* 7 January (with effect from 1 February) – The Marconi Company establishes "CQD" as one of the first international maritime radio distress signals.
* 24 May – The United States Patent Office awards Marconi a patent for a "Wireless signaling system".
* 11 October – Brazilian priest and researcher Roberto Landell de Moura is awarded a patent by the United States Patent Office for a "Wave-transmitter".
* 16 November – English electrical engineer John Ambrose Fleming, working for Marconi, is awarded a United States patent for the Fleming valve, the first thermionic vacuum tube, a two-electrode diode, which he calls the oscillation valve.
* First radio transmission of music, at Graz, Austria.

## Births

* 5 January – Anona Winn, Australian-born British broadcasting personality (d. 1994)
* 15 January – Charles Hill, British physician, medical and broadcast executive, politician and "The Radio Doctor" (d. 1989)
* 23 February – William L. Shirer, American war correspondent (d. 1993)
* 8 May – John Snagge, English radio newsreader (d. 1996)
* 24 May – Sefton Delmer, German-born British propaganda radio broadcaster (d. 1979)
* 14 August – Lindley Fraser, Scottish-born academic economist and broadcaster (d. 1963)
* 27 October – Les Mitchel, American radio and film producer, director and actor (d. 1975)
* 24 November – Pegeen Fitzgerald, American radio talk-show host (both alone and with her husband, Ed) on WOR and WJZ in New York City and Norcatur, Kansas (d. 1989)
# Vespa vivax

Vespa vivax is a species of hornet that was described by Smith in 1870. vivax in Latin means “strong” or “armored” so it’s common name could be “armored hornet”. Vespa vivax belongs to the genus group, Vespa, and to the family, Vespidae. It can be found across several countries in Asia, including India, Nepal, Myanmar, Thailand, China (Sichuan, Yunnan, Tibet) and Taiwan.
# ASKAP J1935+2148

ASKAP J1935+2148 (also known as ASKAP J193505.1+214841.0) is a neutron star/magnetar candidate located in the constellation Vulpecula, approximately 15,800 light-years away. With a rotation period of 53.8 minutes (more precisely, 3,225.313±0.002 seconds), it would be the slowest spinning neutron star ever discovered.

## Discovery and observations

ASKAP J1935+2148 was discovered while observing the same area as gamma-ray burst GRB 221009A, which had occurred a few days earlier, with the first pulses being detected on 15 October 2022 by the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder telescope, located in Western Australia, from which it derives its name. The first observation lasted six hours, in which four 10- to 50-second pulses were detected, with the peak flux density being 119 mJy. During the observation, ASKAP was operating in the square_6 by 6 configuration with 1.05° pitch and a central frequency of 887.5 MHz. The observation field also encompassed the magnetar SGR 1935+2154, which had produced fast radio bursts in 2020.
ASKAP J1935+2148 was also detected in four subsequent observations, with the pulses visible across the entire observing band of 288 MHz. The pulses were quantified to be >90% linearly polarised with a rotation measure of 159.3±0.3 rad m$^{−2}$, consistent with nearby pulsars. Observations at 1,284 MHz with the MeerKAT radio interferometer, including estimating the time of arrival of future pulses, were used to determine a rotation period of 3,225.313±0.002 seconds.

## Properties

ASKAP J1935+2148 goes through three phases every rotation period, which were also detected by the MeerKAT telescope: the first phase is characterised by bright and highly linear polarised pulses, lasting between 10 and 50 seconds, the second phase is characterised by weak and circularly polarised pulses 26 times weaker than in the first phase, lasting approximately 370 milliseconds, and the third phase is characterised by quiescence, with no activity. Another pulsar, PSR J1107−5907, shows similar phases, and pulsars PSR B0823+26 and PSR B2111+46 have shown similar activity.

## Explanations

There are two possible explanations for ASKAP J1935+2148.
The first explanation is that the object is a white dwarf with an unusually strong magnetic field; the second is that the object is a neutron star emitting radiation from its poles despite its slow rotation.
# Cataclysta lampetialis

Cataclysta lampetialis is a Crambidae species in the genus Cataclysta. It was described by Francis Walker in 1859, and is known from Australia.
# Cataclysta ochrealis

Cataclysta ochrealis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Hubert Marion in 1956. It is found on Madagascar.
# Canton Township, Washington County, Pennsylvania

Canton Township is a township in Washington County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 8,218 at the 2020 census.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 14.9 square miles (39 km$^2$), all land.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 8,826 people, 3,579 households, and 2,541 families living in the township. The population density was 592.7 inhabitants per square mile (228.8/km$^2$). There were 3,771 housing units at an average density of 253.3 per square mile (97.8/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 95.52% White, 3.01% African American, 0.07% Native American, 0.19% Asian, 0.16% from other races, and 1.04% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.46% of the population.
There were 3,579 households, out of which 29.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.9% were married couples living together, 13.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.0% were non-families. 24.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 2.90.
In the township, the population was spread out, with 22.6% under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 28.1% from 25 to 44, 25.8% from 45 to 64, and 16.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.5 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $31,625, and the median income for a family was $40,014. Males had a median income of $33,194 versus $21,966 for females. The per capita income for the township was $15,420. About 10.6% of families and 14.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.6% of those under age 18 and 9.6% of those age 65 or over.
# Parker Case

Parker Case is an American musician and drummer, mostly known from his involvement in the bands JamisonParker and Say Anything, and is a current member of the latter. Other than Max Bemis himself, Case has been a part of Say Anything longer than any other member (since 2005).
# Ammonolysis

In chemistry, ammonolysis (/am·mo·nol·y·sis/) is the process of splitting ammonia into ${\ce {NH2- + H+}}$. Ammonolysis reactions can be conducted with organic compounds to produce amines (molecules containing a nitrogen atom with a lone pair, :N), or with inorganic compounds to produce nitrides. This reaction is analogous to hydrolysis in which water molecules are split. Similar to water, liquid ammonia also undergoes auto-ionization, ${\ce {{2 NH3 ⇌ NH4+ + NH2- }}}$, where the rate constant is k = 1.9 × 10$^{−38}$.
Organic compounds such as alkyl halides, hydroxyls (hydroxyl nitriles and carbohydrates), carbonyl (aldehydes/ketones/esters/alcohols), and sulfur (sulfonyl derivatives) can all undergo ammonolysis in liquid ammonia.

## Organic synthesis
### Mechanism: Ammonolysis of Esters

This mechanism is similar to the hydrolysis of esters, the ammonia attacks the electrophilic carbonyl carbon forming a tetrahedral intermediate. The reformation of the C-O double bond ejects the ester. The alkoxide deprotonates the ammonia forming an alcohol and amide as products.

### Of haloalkanes

On heating a haloalkane and concentrated ammonia in a sealed tube with ethanol, a series of amines are formed along with their salts. The tertiary amine is usually the major product.
    ${\ce {NH3->[{\ce {RX}}]RNH2->[{\ce {RX}}]R2NH->[{\ce {RX}}]R3N->[{\ce {RX}}]R4N+}}$
This is known as Hoffmann's ammonolysis.

### Of alcohols

Alcohols can also undergo ammonolysis when in the presence of ammonia. An example is the conversion of phenol to aniline, catalyzed by stannic chloride.
    ${\ce {ROH + NH3 A ->[{\ce {SnCl4}}] RNH2 + H2O}}$

### Of carbonyl compounds

The reaction between a ketone and ammonia results in an imine and byproduct water. This reaction is water sensitive and thus drying agents such as aluminum chloride or a Dean–Stark apparatus must be employed to remove water. The resulting imine will react and decompose back into the ketone and the ammonia when in the presence of water. This is due to the fact that this reaction is reversible:
    ${\ce {R2CO + NH3 <=> R2CNH + H2O}}$ .

## Inorganic synthesis

Ammonolysis can be used to synthesize nitrides (and oxynitrides) by reacting various metal precursors with ammonia, some options include chemical vapor deposition, treating metals or metal oxides with ammonia gas, or liquid supercritical ammonia (also known as "ammonothermal" synthesis, analogous to hydrothermal synthesis).
    ${\ce {M + NH3 -> MN + 3/2 H2}}$
    ${\ce {MO2 + 4/3 NH3 -> MN + 2 H2O + 1/6 N2}}$
The products of these reactions may be complex, with mixtures of oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen that can be difficult to characterize.
# Minye Sithu of Martaban

Minye Sithu (Burmese: မင်းရဲစည်သူ, pronounced; c. 1520–1556) was viceroy of Martaban (Mottama) from 1552 to 1556. The eldest younger brother of Bayinnaung was appointed governor of Zayweon by King Tabinshwehti in 1541, and viceroy of Martaban in 1552 by Bayinnaung. He participated in the military campaigns of the Toungoo Empire from 1534, and as a commander from 1540 to 1555.

## Early life

He was born c. 1520 at the Toungoo Palace to Mingyi Swe and Shin Myo Myat, royal household servants of Crown Prince Tabinshwehti. He had one elder sister, Dhamma Dewi, an elder brother, Bayinnaung, and a younger brother, Thado Dhamma Yaza II. He also had two younger half-brothers, Minkhaung II and Thado Minsaw who were born to his aunt (his mother's younger sister) and his father.

## Military career

He participated in Toungoo's campaigns against Hanthawaddy (1534–41), and by 1540 had achieved the rank of regimental commander with the style of Thiri Zeya Kyawhtin (သီရိဇေယျကျော်ထင်). He was appointed governor of Zayweon (modern Labutta) in 1541 by Tabinshwehti. He served as a regimental commander in Toungoo's campaigns against Prome (1541–42) and Ava Kingdom (1543–44). He led a naval squadron in the Arakan campaign (1546–47). He led an elephant battalion in the Siam campaign of (1548–49). In 1550, he joined his brothers Bayinnaung and Thado Dhamma Yaza II on the campaign to suppress the rebellion of Smim Htaw.
He was a key member of Bayinnaung's drive to restore the Toungoo Empire which fell apart after Tabinshwehti was assassinated on 30 April 1550. He led a regiment in Bayinnaung's 1550–51 assault on the city of Toungoo, whose ruler Minkhaung II was their own half-brother. He was given a royal title of Minye Sithu on 11 January 1551 by Bayinnaung after Minkhaung surrendered on the same day. Minye Sithu led an army in the Prome campaign (1551) and in the Pegu campaign (1552). Bayinnaung appointed Minye Sithu viceroy of Martaban on 6 June 1552 (Monday, 14th waxing of Waso 914 ME).
In November 1554, Minye Sithu for the first time did not accompany his elder brother to the front when Toungoo forces marched to Ava (Inwa). He was given the responsibility to guard the rear against a possible attack by Siam. He led the forces that guarded the upper Tenasserim coast down to Ye.

## Family

The viceroy's principal queen was a granddaughter of Baya Nandameit of Dwarawaddy, a descendant of Toungoo royalty. They were married at the coronation ceremony of Tabinshwehti in 1545. He had three children: one son (Minye Nandameit) and two daughters. In July 1554, his elder daughter was married to Thiri Dhammathawka, former governor of Sandoway (Thandwe) and a son of King Min Bin of Arakan. The Arakanese prince had fled his homeland, having lost a succession struggle there. Minye Sithu's younger daughter too was married to Thiri Dhammathawka in January 1567 after her elder sister had died.

## Death

Minye Sithu died in March 1556.
# Mucusso

Mucusso is a municipality in Cuando Province, Angola. Prior to the administrative division reforms of 2024, it was a commune in the municipality of Dirico in the province of Cuando Cubango. It is located less than 15 km (9.3 mi) from the border with the Caprivi Strip of Namibia. As of 2014, the commune had a population of 3,602 people over an area of 5,910 square kilometres (2,280 sq mi).
# Jimm Larry Hendren

Jimm Larry Hendren (born June 11, 1940 in Gravette, Arkansas) is an inactive senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Arkansas.

## Education and career

Hendren graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Arkansas in 1964 and then received a Bachelor of Laws from the University of Arkansas School of Law in 1965. Later that year Hendren would join the JAG Corps of the United States Navy, returning in 1968, for a year, to his private practice in Bentonville, Arkansas, which he would expand in later years. In 1970 Hendren became a United States Naval Reserve Lieutenant Commander, a position he would hold until 1983. Meanwhile, in 1977, he became a probate judge (Chancellor) of Arkansas' Sixteenth Chancery District, before returning again to his private practice.

## Federal judicial service

Hendren was nominated by George H. W. Bush as a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Arkansas on November 5, 1991, to a new seat created by 104 Statute 5089. The nomination was confirmed by the United States Senate on March 13, 1992, and Hendren received his commission on March 18, 1992. He served as the Chief Judge from 1997 until he assumed senior status on December 31, 2012. As of 2020, he is the last judge appointed to the Western District of Arkansas by a Republican president.

## Notable case

Hendren is well known for ruling in favor of Billy Ray and Mary Nell Counts, a couple in Cedarville, Arkansas, in the 2003 lawsuit Counts et ux. v. Cedarville School Board. The court decided that the local school's rule requiring parents' written consent to read the Harry Potter books was unconstitutional. The district court's opinion can be found here, and the decision was cited as precedent in subsequent censorship cases.
# Rio Tinto

Rio Tinto, meaning "red river", may refer to:

## Businesses

* Rio Tinto (corporation), a British-Australian multinational mining and resources corporation
** Rio Tinto Alcan, based in Canada
** Rio Tinto Borax in America
*** Rio Tinto Borax Mine, a mine in Boron, California, USA
** Rio Tinto Coal Australia, the Australian coal mining operation
** Rio Tinto Energy America, an American operation
** Rio Tinto Madagascar, a Madagascar mining operation
** Rio Tinto Tower, a building in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia

## Places
### Brazil

* Rio Tinto, Paraíba

### Portugal

* Rio Tinto (Esposende) [pt], a civil parish in the Esposende Municipality
* Rio Tinto (Gondomar), a civil parish in municipality of Gondomar

### Spain

* Rio Tinto (river), a river descending from the Sierra Morena mountains of Andalusia, home of the first Rio Tinto Group mine.

### United States

* Rio Tinto, Nevada

## Other uses

* America First Field, formerly known as Rio Tinto Stadium, a soccer stadium in Sandy, Utah, U.S.
* Rio Tinto espionage case, a 2009 accusation of bribery and espionage in China
* Rio Tinto FC, a Zimbabwean football club in Kadoma
# Fratta Polesine

Fratta Polesine (Venetian: Frata Połèzine) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Rovigo in the Italian region Veneto, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) southwest of Venice and about 11 kilometres (7 mi) southwest of Rovigo. Its main attraction is Andrea Palladio's Villa Badoer.
Fratta Polesine is the birthplace of the Italian socialist politician Giacomo Matteotti, opponent of Fascism.

## Twin towns

* Tulcea, Romania
* Conversano, Italy
* Trecenta, Italy
* Recanati, Italy
* Palazzolo Acreide, Italy
# Králova Lhota (Písek District)

Králova Lhota is a municipality and village in Písek District in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.
Králova Lhota lies approximately 22 kilometres (14 mi) north of Písek, 64 km (40 mi) north-west of České Budějovice, and 70 km (43 mi) south of Prague.

## Administrative division

Králova Lhota consists of two municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
* Králova Lhota (136)
* Laziště (66)
# Oleg Kuleshov (skier)

Oleg Kuleshov (born 20 August 1976) is a Belarusian freestyle skier. He competed in the men's moguls event at the 1998 Winter Olympics.