# Česká Kamenice

Česká Kamenice (Czech pronunciation:; German: Böhmisch Kamnitz) is a town in Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 5,100 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected by law as an urban monument zone.

## Administrative division

Česká Kamenice consists of ten municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
* Česká Kamenice (2,792)
* Dolní Kamenice (990)
* Filipov (40)
* Horní Kamenice (549)
* Huníkov (63)
* Kamenická Nová Víska (82)
* Kerhartice (164)
* Líska (136)
* Pekelský Důl (69)
* Víska pod Lesy (30)

## Etymology

The name Kamenice was transferred to the settlement from the Kamenice River. In the 14th century, the settlement was called Německá Kamenice ("German Kamenice") to distinguish it from nearby Srbská Kamenice. From the 17th century, the name Česká Kamenice ("Bohemian Kamenice") is used.

## Geography

Česká Kamenice is located about 13 kilometres (8 mi) east of Děčín. The municipal territory is hilly and extends into three geomorphological regions: Lusatian Mountains, Central Bohemian Uplands and Elbe Sandstone Mountains. The highest point is the Studenec hill at 737 m (2,418 ft) above sea level.
The Kamenice River and several brooks flow through Česká Kamenice.

## History

The first written mention of Česká Kamenice is from 1352. The town was founded at the crossroads of two paths, the so-called "Bohemian Road" and the "Lusatian Road", probably in the area of an older Slavic settlement. It was founded before 1283, probably in the 1270s during the reign of King Ottokar II, when the colonization of the region culminates mainly in settlers from neighbouring Saxony.

### Concentration camp

In spring 1944, the Rabstein sub-camp of Flossenbürg concentration camp was created here, with a capacity of 600 prisoners. At the end of the war, 1,500 inmates were incarcerated in the camp. The camp provided workers for the nearby underground aircraft factory in the town of Janská, 3 km west of Česká Kamenice. The number of inmate deaths is not known due to the destruction of all camp documentation. The foundations of the camp buildings remain visible, along with a memorial and historical overview.

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1869 | 8,243 | — |
| 1880 | 9,036 | +9.6% |
| 1890 | 9,008 | −0.3% |
| 1900 | 9,308 | +3.3% |
| 1910 | 9,675 | +3.9% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1921 | 8,786 | −9.2% |
| 1930 | 9,284 | +5.7% |
| 1950 | 5,383 | −42.0% |
| 1961 | 5,560 | +3.3% |
| 1970 | 5,477 | −1.5% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1980 | 5,585 | +2.0% |
| 1991 | 5,646 | +1.1% |
| 2001 | 5,492 | −2.7% |
| 2011 | 5,525 | +0.6% |
| 2021 | 5,095 | −7.8% |
Source: Censuses :

## Transport

The I/13 road (the section from Liberec to Děčín, part of the European route E442) passes through the town.
Česká Kamenice is located on the railway line Děčín–Rumburk. Česká Kamenice is also connected with Kamenický Šenov by a short railway line. Historic trains run on it. It is only in operation during the summer tourist season and on weekends in some months out of season.

## Sights

Míru Square and its surroundings form the historic town centre. The stone renaissance fountain on the square is from 1574. The main landmarks of the centre are Church of Saint James the Great, Evangelical church, Pilgrimage Chapel of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary, Kamenice Chateau and Salhausen Chateau. There are many preserved houses in Neoclassical and Art Nouveau styles.
Due to the natural conditions, there are several rocky lookouts in the area. On Studenec, there is an iron observation tower from 1888, a technical monument. A ruin of Česká Kamenice Castle is preserved on the Zámecký hill, in its premises there is a wooden observation tower.
The remains of the concentration camp and the underground aircraft factory contains an exposition and under certain conditions are open to the public.

## Notable people

* Joseph Rothe (1759–1808), Austrian operatic singer
* Johann Baptist Emanuel Pohl (1782–1834), Austrian botanist, entomologist, geologist and physician
* Antonín Dvořák (1841–1904), composer; took organ and music-theory lessons here in 1856
* Hannes Hegen (1925–2014), German illustrator and caricaturist
* Sigurd Hofmann (1944–2022), German physicist

## Twin towns – sister cities

Česká Kamenice is twinned with:
* Bad Schandau, Germany

## Gallery

* Chapel of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary
* Salhausen Chateau
* Kamenice Castle
* Rabštejn underground factory
* Observation tower on Studenec