# JetDirect

JetDirect is a line of external print servers formerly sold by Hewlett-Packard (HP). The JetDirect allows computer printers to be directly attached to a local area network. The "JetDirect" designation covers a range of models from the external 1 and 3 port parallel print servers known as the 300x and 500x, to the internal EIO print servers for use with HP printers. The JetDirect series also includes wireless print server (Bluetooth, 802.11b and g) models, as well as gigabit Ethernet and IPv6-compliant internal cards.

## History

HP JetDirect was first introduced in March 1991 (code named QuickSilver) with the LaserJet IIIsi network printer (code named Eli). JetDirect is based on HP's MIO (Modular Input/Output) interface, which was designed from the ground up with the IIIsi to create a mainstream full function high performance networked printer. The initial MIO interface card had Ethernet and Token Ring physical layer variants and used various networking protocols over an AUI/BNC connection. Initially, a printer needed a separate card for each protocol, such as TCP/IP, IPX/SPX, AppleTalk, or DLC/LLC. The following year, the team applied the technology to the legacy accessory slot on the LaserJetIIs and IIIs XIO (Extended Input/Output). MIO type JetDirect cards were also used for network connectivity on some HP/Agilent laboratory equipment, such as the 6890A and 6890 Plus series of gas chromatographs. These included unusual network connection types such as HPs I-Net, which was used as an interconnect between various pieces of hardware that controlled the 58xx and 68xx series gas chromatographs. Not until 1994 would MIO interface cards be released that could support more than one protocol per card.
The next development releases added connection interfaces. In 1992, a card with both 8P8C modular telephone and BNC connectors for Ethernet was released, and in 1993, the first external JetDirects were introduced with a parallel interface. This enabled JetDirect cards to connect to almost any printer, making that printer network-capable. In 1995, the Ex plus 3 was released, with 3 parallel ports on one network interface, allowing 3 printers to share 1 network address.
1997 saw the new numbering format for both internal and external JetDirect servers. Internals began the 6xx series with the release of the 600n, multiprotocol card that supported TCP/IP, IPX/SPX, DLC/LLC, and AppleTalk over a Token Ring network; along with the 1760x series external print server - also multiprotocol. An Ethernet version of the 600n was released in 1998. In 1999, the JetDirect autoswitch was introduced.
1998 also saw the release of 170x, the first value-line print server aimed at smaller companies that did not necessarily need full networking - only TCP/IP or IPX/SPX support. This was followed in 2000 by the JetDirect 70x home print server.

## Protocols

More advanced versions of JetDirect supported a number of network printing protocols. However, the protocol that ended up being associated with it, the JetDirect protocol, is its raw TCP/IP protocol sometimes referred to as Socket API or RAW. It is an extremely simple network printing protocol. Submitting a print job can be done by netcating a file containing the page description language (e.g. PostScript, PCL) to the appropriate TCP port on the printer (default port is 9100). Information about the printer and job is simply sent to the client while the TCP connection is active. The port would reject connections if the printer is busy.
AppSocket is a very similar implementation by Tektronix for Phaser printers, later sold to Xerox. This protocol adds support for querying for printer status by non-printing users via a separate UDP port.
Most JetDirect devices also came with, JetDirect Interface, a telnet interface for configuring the device or printer.

## External print servers

| Model number | Printer ports | Network ports | Network protocols | Firmware | Notes |
| EX | One Parallel | 10BASE2 and 10BASE-T (Ethernet) or DE-9 (Token Ring) | TCP/IP, IPX/SPX, and DLC/LLC | Flash EEPROM | BOOTP Client, 4 Models were available: J2382A, J2382B (both Ethernet) and J2383A, J2383B (both Token Ring) |
| EX Plus | One Parallel | 10BASE2 and 10BASE-T | TCP/IP, IPX/SPX, and DLC/LLC | Flash EEPROM | BOOTP & DHCP Client |
| EX Plus3 | Three Parallel | 10BASE2 and 10BASE-T | TCP/IP, IPX/SPX, AppleTalk, and DLC/LLC | Flash EEPROM | DHCP Client (not BOOTP) |
| 170x | One Parallel (IEEE 1284.4) | One 10BASE-T Ethernet | TCP/IP, IPX/SPX, and DLC/LLC | Non-upgradeable | Discontinued |
| 175x | One USB 1.0 | One 10/100BASE-TX Ethernet | TCP/IP, AppleTalk, LPD (Windows and Mac OS only) | Non-upgradeable | Discontinued in favor of the en1700 |
| 300x | One Parallel (IEEE 1284.4) | One 10/100BASE-TX Ethernet | TCP/IP, IPX/SPX, AppleTalk, and DLC/LLC, IPP, FTP | 2 MB | Four models have been made available: J3263A, the base model; J4101A, an OfficeConnect model designed to mimic the style of 3Com OfficeConnect equipment so that stacking it on top of such equipment is aesthetically pleasing; J4101B, an updated version of J4101A; and J3263G, a RoHS-compliant version of J3263A. All except the J3263G have been discontinued, but all still get firmware updates. |
| 310x | One USB 1.0 | One 10/100BASE-TX Ethernet | TCP/IP, IPX/SPX, AppleTalk, and DLC/LLC | 2 MB | Discontinued in favor of the en3700 |
| en1700 | One USB 2.0 | One 10/100BASE-TX Ethernet | TCP/IP, AppleTalk | 2 MB | Limited Firmware flashable for USB connectivity to certain HP printers |
| en3700 | One USB 2.0 | One 10/100BASE-TX Ethernet | TCP/IP, IPX/SPX, AppleTalk, and DLC/LLC | 4 MB | Discontinued in favor of ew2500 |
| 500x | Three Parallel (IEEE 1284.4) | One 10/100BASE-TX Ethernet, one BNC (10BASE2) | TCP/IP, IPX/SPX, AppleTalk, and DLC/LLC | 2 MB | Discontinued in favor of the 510x |
| 510x | Three Parallel (IEEE 1284.4) | One 10/100BASE-TX Ethernet | TCP/IP, IPX/SPX, AppleTalk, and DLC/LLC | 2 MB | Same product as the 500x, except no BNC connector and RoHS compliant, discontinued |
| wp110 | One Parallel (IEEE 1284.4) | One 10/100BASE-TX Ethernet, Wireless 802.11b | TCP/IP, AppleTalk, IP Direct mode, telnet, SLP, IGMP, BOOTP/DHCP, WINS, SNMP, HTTP, Auto-IP, and Apple Rendezvous | 2 MB | Discontinued |
| 380x | One USB 1.0 | Wireless 802.11b | TCP/IP (IP Direct Mode, LPD, FTP, IPP), IPX/SPX, DLC/LLC, and AppleTalk. Also NDS, NetWare Bindery, NCP, telnet, SLP, IGMP, BOOTP/DHCP, WINS, SNMP v1 and v2c, and HTTP | 4 MB | Discontinued in favor of ew2400 |
| ew2400 | One USB 2.0 | One 10/100BASE-TX Ethernet, Wireless 802.11b/g | TCP/IP, IPX/SPX Direct mode, AppleTalk, IP Direct mode, LPD printing, telnet, SLP, IGMP, BOOTP/DHCP, WINS, SNMP, HTTP, Auto-IP, and Apple Rendezvous | 4 MB | Discontinued in favor of ew2500 |
| ew2500 | One USB 2.0 | One 10/100BASE-TX Ethernet, Wireless 802.11b/g | TCP/IPv4, TCP/IPv6, AppleTalk, IP Direct Mode, LPR/LPD printing, FTP, IPP, IPX/SPX, DLC/LLC, Novell NetWare NDS, NetWare Bindery, Novell iPrint | 8 MB | |

## Internal print servers
### MIO

MIO (Modular Input/Output) was the first technology developed by HP for its laser printers to enable the addition of peripheral cards such as JetDirect.
| Model number | Network ports | Released | Notes |
| C2059A | Ethernet Attachment Unit Interface (AUI), 10BASE2 | October 1, 1991 | IPX/SPX only, discontinued |
| C2059B | Ethernet AUI, 10BASE2 | October 1, 1991 | DLC/LLC only, discontinued |
| C2059C | Token Ring DE-9 connector | October 1, 1991 | IPX/SPX only, discontinued |
| C2059D | Token Ring DE-9 connector | October 1, 1991 | DLC/LLC only, discontinued |
| C2059E | Ethernet AUI, 10BASE2 | October 1, 1991 | EtherTalk only, discontinued |
| C2059T | Ethernet AUI, 10BASE2 | October 1, 1991 | TCP/IP only, discontinued |
| J2337A | 10BASE-T, 10BASE2 | November 1, 1992 | IPX/SPX only, Can be upgraded with J2546B SIMM, discontinued |
| J2338A | 10BASE-T, 10BASE2 | November 1, 1992 | DLC/LLC only, Can be upgraded with J2546B SIMM, discontinued |
| J2339A | 10BASE-T, 10BASE2 | November 1, 1992 | EtherTalk only, Can be upgraded with J2546B SIMM, discontinued |
| J2340A | 10BASE-T, 10BASE2 | November 1, 1992 | TCP/IP only, Can be upgraded with J2546B SIMM, discontinued |
| J2371A | 10BASE-T | April 1, 1993 | Can be upgraded with J2546B SIMM, discontinued |
| J2372A | 10BASE-T, 10BASE2, LocalTalk | April 1, 1993 | Can be upgraded with J2546B SIMM, discontinued |
| J2373A | Token Ring DE-9 connector | April 1, 1993 | Can be upgraded with J2549B SIMM, discontinued |
| J2550A/B | 10BASE-T | May 1994, November 1, 1996 | "A" version can be upgraded to "B" version with a firmware update, discontinued |
| J2552A/B | 10BASE-T, 10BASE2, and LocalTalk | May 1994, November 1, 1996 | "A" version can be upgraded to "B" version with a firmware update, discontinued |
| J2555A/B | Token Ring DE-9 connector, 8-pin modular | November 1, 1996 | "A" version can be upgraded to "B" version with a firmware update, discontinued |
| J2556B | 10/100BASE-TX | June 1, 1997 | Flash upgradeable, discontinued |
| J4100A | 10/100BASE-TX, 10BASE2 | February 1, 2000 | Also known as the HP JetDirect 400n Print Server for Fast Ethernet, flash upgradeable, discontinued but not considered a legacy part in regards to firmware development |
| J4105A | Token Ring | February 1, 2000 | Also known as the HP JetDirect 400n Print Server for Token Ring, flash upgradeable, discontinued but not considered a legacy part in regards to firmware development |
| J4106A | 10BASE-T | February 1, 2000 | Also known as the HP JetDirect 400n Print Server for Ethernet, flash upgradeable, discontinued but not considered a legacy part in regards to firmware development |

### LIO

LIO (Low-end I/O) interfaces were developed by HP as a corporate response to the strictly internal MIO and EIO development path. The LIO interface differs from MIO/EIO in that the card is wrapped in an external plastic casing and is hot-swappable. The LIO backplane technology is based on a low power/low-voltage (< 1-volt) differential signaling technology.
* 200N (C6502a) - Parallel with Centronics Interface
* 200m (J6039C) – 10/100 BASE-T (Supports only Windows and Apple Mac, fixed firmware)
* 250m (J6042B) – 10/100 BASE-T (Full support for Netware and Unix, firmware upgradeable)
* 280m (J6044A) – 802.11b Wireless

### EIO

EIO (Enhanced Input/Output) is a modular interface developed by HP for its printers to expand their capabilities. EIO does not just serve JetDirect cards, but EIO hard drives and the EIO Connectivity card for adding communication ports to the printers as well. EIO utilizes the 3.3V signaling technology of the Conventional PCI bus and is significantly more energy-efficient than MIO technology. EIO print servers will not work in LIO slots, nor will the LIO print servers work in EIO slots.
* 1284B Parallel Card (J7972G) - Provides one Type C Mini-Centronics 36-pin parallel port.
* 600n – 10/100BASE-TX/10BASE2/LocalTalk (J3110A, J3111A, J3112A, J3113A) (Discontinued)
* 610n – Ethernet/Fast Ethernet/802.5, DE9, 8-pin Modular (J4169A, J4167A) (Discontinued)
* 615n – Ethernet/Fast Ethernet (10/100BASE-TX, 802.3) (J6057A) (Discontinued)
* 620n – Ethernet/Fast Ethernet (10/100BASE-TX, 802.3) (J7934A, J7934G)
* 625n – Ethernet/Fast Ethernet/Gigabit (10/100/1000BASE-TX, 802.3) (J7960A, J7960G) (Discontinued)
* 630n – Ethernet/Fast Etnernet/Gigabit (10/100/1000BASE-Tx, 802.3) IPv6 (J7997G) replacement for 625n (Discontinued)
* 635n – Ethernet/Fast Ethernet/Gigabit (10/100/1000BASE-TX, 802.3) IPv6/IPsec (J7961A, J7961G) (Discontinued)
* 640n - Ethernet/Fast Ethernet/Gigabit (10/100/1000BASE-TX, 802.3) IPv6/IPsec (J8025A)
* 680n – 802.11b Wireless (Discontinued)
* 690n – Ethernet/Fast Ethernet/Wireless (10/100BASE-TX, 802.3, 802.11b/g) IPv6/IPsec (J8007G) (Discontinued)
* 695nw - Ethernet/Fast Ethernet/Gigabit/Wireless (10/100/1000BASE-TX, 802.3, 802.11b/g/n) IPv6/IPsec (J8024A)

### 615n series ASIC issue

In 2002 HP released the 615n series of Internal EIO print server. This model featured a new chipset manufactured in Singapore that had a problem related to either overheating or data overload. Otherwise known as the ASIC issue, this meant the 615n card could fail without warning, and when it failed, would completely shut down, appearing to vanish from the printer entirely.
Soon afterwards, HP began to do a per-item replacement policy that has ended as of October 31, 2008, when all known 615n cards were at least 4 years old and at such time HP felt it had taken appropriate corporate responsibility for a defect in manufacturing.
The 615n cards most often affected were the units installed in the Laserjet 2300, 4200 and Color 4600 series. Those cards appear to be most prone to failure.
Any 615n series card can fail, but it is up to HP to determine if the failure is due to the chipset or some other factor. HP recommended to call them or contact them through the Web site and they will proceed to do some simple troubleshooting steps to determine if the failure is due to the chipset or some other cause. If it is proven to be the chipset, HP would be able to replace the card under warranty with an as-new card (nominally a 620n).

## Other JetDirect products
### bt1300

The BT1300 is a Bluetooth compliant network adapter for network-ready parallel or USB printers. (Discontinued)
* 2MB flash memory for software and print server upgrades

### Print Server Appliance 4250

The Print Server Appliance 4250 is perhaps the most ambitious of the JetDirect products - being a complete printing facility in a box. The system comes ready to go with a pre-loaded and configured Print Server running on a Linux core with an Apache Web Server. Once connected to the network, the device is able to manage up to 50 print shares with any supported network-ready printer, not just HP products. (Discontinued)
* 128MB onboard memory
* 20GB onboard HDD with 7GB available for print spool operations
* Supports up to 50 individual print queues or printer installs
* Allows up to 350 simultaneous client connections for enterprise printing
* Allows for updating and loading of print drivers from any source through an on-board web browser interface
* Supports both TCP/IP connections and LPD connections (LPD for printing only) for communication to virtually any network-compliant printer

### EIO connectivity card

The JetDirect EIO connectivity card allows for the expansion of any EIO printer to gain a USB 1.0, Serial, and Localtalk interface. This card has all three interface connectors and on-board electronics to give the printer the ability to use these interfaces. (Discontinued)