OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Robert Nugen Wilkin

Robert Nugen Wilkin (May 4, 1886 – February 23, 1973) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Ohio.

## Early life and education

Born in New Philadelphia, Ohio, Wilkin received a Bachelor of Laws from the University of Virginia School of Law in 1908.

## Career

He was in private practice in New Philadelphia from 1908 with his brother, David R., and his father, J. Foster Wilkin, under the name Wilkin and Wilkin. In 1912, his brother moved to Cleveland, Ohio, and his father was elected to the Ohio Supreme Court, and he continued the firm as Wilkin and Fernsell He was a member of the Judicial Council of Ohio from 1932 to 1933. He was a justice of the Supreme Court of Ohio in 1934. He was counsel to the Muskingum Watershed Conservancy District in Ohio from 1935 to 1939.

### Federal judicial service

On May 19, 1939, Wilkin was nominated by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to a seat on the United States District Court for the Northern District of Ohio vacated by Judge Samuel H. West. Wilkin was confirmed by the United States Senate on June 1, 1939, and received his commission on June 3, 1939. He assumed senior status due to a certified disability on August 31, 1949, serving in that capacity until his death on February 23, 1973. He died in Cleveland, and was buried at the Wilkin family mausoleum at Maple Grove Cemetery in New Philadelphia.

## Personal life

Wilkin was a Mason, an Elks Lodge member, Delta Kappa Epsilon, Phi Delta Phi, and a Presbyterian Church member. In 1911, he married Norma Fertig of Dover, Ohio, and their only child, a daughter born in 1912, died in 1918.
# Shingon (nat)

Shingon (Burmese: ရှင်ကုန်း; lit. 'Lady Humpback') is one of 37 nats in the official Burmese pantheon of nats. She was a maid of King Thihathu of Ava and accompanied him to the battlefront. She died on her return to the capital, Ava (modern Inwa).
Shingon is portrayed walking limply with her hands dangling.
# 2023 World Junior Short Track Speed Skating Championships

The 2023 World Junior Short Track Speed Skating Championships took place between 27 and 29 January 2023 in Joynext Arena in Dresden, Germany.

## Medal summary
### Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | South Korea | 6 | 2 | 3 | 11 |
| 2 | Canada | 1 | 3 | 0 | 4 |
| 3 | Poland | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 4 | China | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 5 | United States | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 6 | Japan | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 7 | Hungary | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (7 entries) | Totals (7 entries) | 8 | 8 | 8 | 24 |

### Medalists
#### Men

| Event | Gold | Gold | Silver | Silver | Bronze | Bronze |
| 500 metres | Michał Niewiński Poland | 41.093 | Marcus Howard United States | 41.286 | Li Kun China | 41.425 |
| 1000 metres | Lee Dong-hyun South Korea | 1:23.549 JWR | Shin Dong-min South Korea | 1:23.701 | Michał Niewiński Poland | 1:23.814 |
| 1500 metres | Lee Dong-hyun South Korea | 2:11.934 | Shin Dong-min South Korea | 2:12.064 | Lee Dong-min South Korea | 2:12.167 |
| 3000 metres relay | South Korea Lee Do-gyu Lee Dong-hyun Lee Dong-min Shin Dong-min | 3:57.263 | Japan Kosei Hayashi Teruhisa Miyoshi Emu Natsume Takumi Wada | 4:01.665 | United States Marcus Howard Justin Liu Ryan Shane Seung-min Kwon | 4:01.863 |

#### Women

| Event | Gold | Gold | Silver | Silver | Bronze | Bronze |
| 500 metres | Florence Brunelle Canada | 44.827 | Ann-Sophie Bachand Canada | 45.273 | Song Jiarui China | 45.360 |
| 1000 metres | Kim Gil-li South Korea | 1:32.294 | Florence Brunelle Canada | 1:32.780 | Oh Song-mi South Korea | 1:32.960 |
| 1500 metres | Kim Gil-li South Korea | 2:36.639 | Florence Brunelle Canada | 2:36.786 | Oh Song-mi South Korea | 2:36.873 |
| 3000 metres relay | South Korea Kim Gil-li Kim Ji-won Oh Song-mi Seo Su-ah | 4:15.635 | China Cai Shenyi Song Jiarui Wang Ye Zhang Jianing | 4:16.342 | Hungary Eszter Tóth Maja Somodi Melinda Schönborn Dóra Szigeti | 4:20.310 |
# Markarian 273

Markarian 273 is a galaxy merger located in the constellation Ursa Major. It is located at a distance of about 500 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that Markarian 273 is about 130,000 light years across. It is an ultraluminous infrared galaxy and a Seyfert galaxy.

## Characteristics

Markarian 273 is a galaxy merger, the result of two or more galaxies colliding. When observed in mid infrared, two nuclei are visible, with a projected separation of about 0.75 kiloparsec. The southwest nucleus is known to be active, due its X-ray emission, while the northeast nucleus too displays a heavily absorbed X-ray spectrum, indicating that is also active. The optical emission of the southwest nucleus corresponds to a type II Seyfert galaxy while the north one of a LINER. A third component in the nuclear region is visible at the southeast in the radiowaves and could be a star cluster.
The galaxy experiences a starburst, with a star formation rate of 139 M$_☉$ per year. This activity makes the galaxy shine bright in the infrared and it is categorised as ultra-luminous infrared galaxy, with total infrared luminosity of the galaxy is estimated to be 10$^{12.1}$ L$_☉$. The startburst takes place in a rotating disk with a radius 120 pc and a total mass of 2.6×10$^9$ M$_☉$ which surrounds the north nucleus. It has been suggested that this is the location of compact luminous supernovae remnants and radio supernovae. The startburst is fed by large amounts of cold molecular gas. The gas has complex kinematics due to the presence of outflows. A kiloparsec scale outflow is visible towards the north in CO imaging, with the flow rate of 600 M$_☉$ per year. The outflows reach about 5 kpc from the nucleus. There is also evidence of a bipolar superbubble.
The merger has a tidal tail extending southwards for 40 kiloparsecs, that is seen edge-on. Also south of the galaxy lies a giant X-ray nebula, measuring 40 by 40 kiloparsecs in size, that isn't closely related with the tidal tail. The gas temperature of the nebula is estimated to be 7 million K, possibly heated by galactic outflows. Filaments and clumps of ionised gas visible in OIII are extending about 23 kpc to the east. A warm gas ionised halo extends about 45 kpc from the nucleus, and is probably tidal debris from the merger. When observed in radiowaves the galaxy has two large plumes, one to the south, extending to about 100 kpc, and one dimmer to the north, extending to about 190 kpc.
# New York State School for the Deaf

The New York State School for the Deaf (NYSSD) was founded in Rome, New York, in 1874 by Alphonso Johnson, a graduate and former teacher of the NY Institution for the Deaf. The school now operates under the New York State Board of Regents.

## History

Alphonso Johnson, a deaf graduate of the New York Institution for the Deaf and former teacher there founded a deaf school in Rome, New York in 1874 with the assistance of Rev. Thomas Gallaudet. The school opened in 1875 with four pupils, with Johnson as principal and teacher. The next year, the school began operating as the Central New York Institution for Deaf-Mutes. Within three years, attendance rose to 100 and more buildings began construction.
In 1887, the New York State Legislature appropriated funds for several buildings, including Gallaudet Hall, as it was later named. In 1931 the school became the Central New York School for the Deaf. In 1963, by act of the Legislature, the school became part of the New York State Education Department and underwent a further name change to New York State School for the Deaf. Multimillion-dollar appropriations in the 1960s resulted in considerable expansion, with the campus now occupying 17 acres.
Fred L. Sparks of Gaffney, South Carolina, became the superintendent in 1950.

## Organization

Formerly a corporation, the school is a state operated agency and is now a part of the New York State Education Department and the New York State Board of Regents. It is governed by Title VI Special Schools and Instruction, article 88 of the NY State Code.
Current enrollment is 65 students with 20 faculty. Residential dorms are available for students who wish to live on campus.

## Educational program
### Academic study

NYSSD has programs for elementary education, middle school, high school, college prep, career prep and vocational education (BOCES), daily living skills, and fine arts; and also has a deaf infant program.

### Athletics

NYSSD maintains sports programs in softball, track, and soccer. The school mascot is the Trojans, and the colors are green and gold.
There are interscholastic teams in boys' basketball, soccer, and track; and girls' soccer, basketball and softball. NYSSD belongs to several conferences, the New York State Public High School Athletic Association (NYSPHSAA), the Eastern States Deaf Athletic Association (ESDAA), and the public school North Country Athletic Conference (NCAC).
# Charles Joly

Charles Joly (born October 24, 1995) is a former Canadian soccer player who played as a forward.

## Club career
### Early career

Joly joined the Montreal Impact Academy and competed in the Canadian Soccer League's first division in 2012. In his debut season in the inter-provincial circuit, he helped Montreal produce a nine-game undefeated streak and secure a playoff berth by finishing second in the division. Montreal would reach the championship final match where they were defeated by Toronto Croatia.
In 2013, when Montreal left the CSL circuit he resumed playing with the academy side in the U.S. Soccer Development Academy. He also made an appearance with the senior team's reserve squad in the MLS Reserve League. His final run with the academy was during the 2014 season when the team competed in the American-based USL Premier Development League.

### USL

On March 13, 2015, Joly signed with FC Montreal, a USL affiliate club of the Montreal Impact for their inaugural season. He made his debut for the club on June 15, 2015, against the Pittsburgh Riverhounds. Joly recorded his first club hat-trick against Saint Louis FC on July 2, 2015. Following his performance against St. Louis, he was named the league's player of the week. In his debut season in the American circuit, he appeared in 11 matches and recorded 3 goals.
On March 11, 2016, he re-signed with Montreal for the 2016 season. He recorded his first of the season on April 23, 2016, against Rochester New York. Throughout the season, he assisted the club in producing a five-match undefeated streak. In his second season with Montreal, he played in 8 matches and contributed 1 goal.

### College soccer

In the fall of 2016, he began playing at the college level with Laval Rouge et Or. In his debut season, he was named to the Second All-Star team and a second time in 2019. He would graduate from the program after the 2019 season.

## International career

He represented the province of Quebec at the 2013 Canada Summer Games, where the team won the gold medal. He was selected for the tournament All-Star team and named Top Player. In 2014, he was called to camp for the Canada U20 team under head coach Rob Gale.
# Sherwin Stowers

Sherwin Stowers (born 19 May 1986) is a New Zealand former rugby player. He played for the Blues Super Rugby side, for whom he made 11 appearances following his 2011 debut. He also played for Counties Manukau in the New Zealand Provincial ITM Cup.
Stowers played for the New Zealand national rugby sevens team in the Sevens World Series. He played at the 2010 and 2014 Commonwealth Games. He announced his retirement from professional rugby in 2017.
# Ragnar Olson

Carl Adolf Ragnar Olson (10 August 1880 – 10 July 1955) was a Swedish horse rider who competed in the 1928 Summer Olympics. He won a bronze medal in the individual dressage competition with his horse Günstling, and a silver medal as part of the Swedish dressage team.
Olson lived in Hässleholm in southern Sweden. He became famous for housing, during the winter of 1918–1919, the exiled German army chief Erich Ludendorff, after the German World War I capitulation in 1918.
# Blesovce

Blesovce (Hungarian: Belesz) is a village and municipality in the Topoľčany District of the Nitra Region, Slovakia. In 2011, the village had 334 inhabitants.
# List of Lok Sabha members from Punjab

There are total 13 members of Parliament of Lok Sabha from Punjab.
Lok Sabha members are elected from 13 single member constituencies by First past the post voting system. Last election was held on all seats in 2024.

## Party position

* Indian National Congress - 7
* Aam Aadmi Party - 3
* Akali Dal (Waris Punjab De) - 2
* Shiromani Akali Dal - 1
| S. No. | Party | Total Members |
| 1 | Indian National Congress | 7 / 13 |
| 2 | Aam Aadmi Party | 3 / 13 |
| 3 | Akali Dal (Waris Punjab De) | 2 / 13 |
| 4 | Shiromani Akali Dal | 1 / 13 |
| Total | Total | 13 |

## Incumbent members

Following is the list of Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha of India from Punjab.
Keys:  Indian National Congress (7) ,  Aam Admi Party (3) ,  Akali Dal (Waris Punjab De) (2) ,  Shiromani Akali Dal (1)
| S. No. | Constituency | Name | Since | Party |
| 1 | Gurdaspur | Sukhjinder Singh Randhawa | June 2024 | Indian National Congress |
| 2 | Amritsar | Gurjeet Singh Aujla | March 2017 | Indian National Congress |
| 3 | Khadoor Sahib | Amritpal Singh | June 2024 | Akali Dal (Waris Punjab De) |
| 4 | Jalandhar | Charanjit Singh Channi | June 2024 | Indian National Congress |
| 5 | Hoshiarpur | Raj Kumar Chabbewal | June 2024 | Aam Admi Party |
| 6 | Anandpur Sahib | Malwinder Singh Kang | June 2024 | Aam Admi Party |
| 7 | Ludhiana | Amrinder Singh Raja Warring | June 2024 | Indian National Congress |
| 8 | Fatehgarh Sahib | Amar Singh | May 2019 | Indian National Congress |
| 9 | Faridkot | Sarabjeet Singh Khalsa | June 2024 | Akali Dal (Waris Punjab De) |
| 10 | Ferozpur | Sher Singh Ghubaya | June 2024 | Indian National Congress |
| 11 | Bathinda | Harsimrat Kaur Badal | May 2009 | Shiromani Akali Dal |
| 12 | Sangrur | Gurmeet Singh Meet Hayer | June 2024 | Aam Admi Party |
| 13 | Patiala | Dharamvir Gandhi | June 2024 | Indian National Congress |
# Maulvi Nazir

Maulvi Nazir, also known as Mullah Nazir, or Maulvi Nazir Wazir, (Pashto: مولوي نذیر وزیر) was a prominent commander of the Pakistani Taliban in South Waziristan based in Wana. He was a dual citizen of Afghanistan and Pakistan, and had a significant role in Taliban affairs in both countries. He was killed by a US drone strike on 2 January 2013.

## Early life

Nazir was a member of the Kakakhel tribe, which have Sayyid origins and are a part of the Ahmadzai, which are part of the Wazir. He was estimated to have been born in 1975. He had citizenship of both Afghanistan and Pakistan, and owned property in Kandahar until 2010. During the Soviet–Afghan War and ensuing Afghan civil wars, he was affiliated with Hezbe Islami Gulbuddin. He later joined the Taliban and aligned himself politically with the JUI party of Fazal-ur-Rehman. In Pakistan, he controlled large portions of South Waziristan, and maintained his influence in the Afghan provinces of Paktika, Zabul, Helmand, and Kandahar.

## Career

With the notable approval of Mullah Dadullah and Sirajuddin Haqqani, Maulvi Nazir was authorised to implement Sharia in South Waziristan in 2006, and the Afghan Taliban had instructed him to avoid confrontations with the Pakistani army.
Maulvi Nazir eventually overthrew Maulvi Omar and became the leader of the Taliban in Wana. Maulvi Omar was close to Baitullah Mehsud, a rival of Maulvi Nazir. Throughout his conflict with Baitullah Mehsud, Maulvi Nazir was supported by the Afghan Taliban, who opposed Baitullah Mehsud due to his attacks on Pakistan. In 2006, Mullah Omar endorsed Maulvi Nazir as the emir of South Waziristan. Mullah Omar later disassociated himself from Baitullah Mehsud after he continued to attack Pakistan.
In March 2007, Maulvi Nazir ordered the expulsion of all Uzbeks from Waziristan, and sparked the 2007 Wana clashes against the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU) led by Tahir Yuldashev. Maulvi Nazir later succeeded in expelling the Uzbeks.
Tensions continued between Maulvi Nazir and Baitullah Mehsud. In early 2009, Mullah Omar asked Maulvi Nazir and Baitullah Mehsud to put aside differences and aid the Afghan Taliban in combating the American presence in Afghanistan. Maulvi Nazir, Baitullah Mehsud, and Hafiz Gul Bahadur agreed to form Shura Ittihad ul-Mujahideen to focus on fighting NATO in Afghanistan. Shortly after the establishment of the union, tensions resurged between Baitullah Mehsud and Maulvi Nazir, and the union collapsed. Baitullah Mehsud was later killed on August 5, 2009.
The tensions between Maulvi Nazir and the mainstream TTP continued until a peace deal between Maulvi Nazir and Hakimullah Mehsud was reached in 2011.

## Death

Maulvi Nazir was killed by an American drone strike on 2 January 2013 in Angur Ada, near the capital of Wana, South Waziristan. Bahawal Khan, also known as Salahuddin Ayubi, was his successor.
# Leon Henderson

Leon Henderson (May 26, 1895 – October 19, 1986) was the administrator of the Office of Price Administration from 1941 to 1942. He also served as a member of several United States federal government agencies during World War II.

## Life and career

Henderson was born in Millville, New Jersey, where he attended Millville High School, and later Swarthmore College.
Hired by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania to serve during the first term of Governor Gifford Pinchot, Henderson assisted Pinchot in creating the Pennsylvania State Employees’ Retirement System in 1923 and served as deputy secretary of state. He also taught at Carnegie Tech (now Carnegie Mellon University) and the University of Pennsylvania.
From 1925 to 1934, Henderson was the director of remedial loans at the Russell Sage Foundation.
Henderson worked as an economic adviser in President Franklin Roosevelt's administration before he was appointed to the Securities and Exchange Commission in 1939. In 1941 he became head of the Office of Price Administration. His tenure there was controversial and he was deeply unpopular, especially with farmers. Edwin W. Pauley, secretary of the Democratic National Committee in 1942, listed five factors for Democratic losses in the 1942 election, and resentment of Leon Henderson was listed as one of the top five reasons for that defeat. As he wrote, "This was the most universal and serious complaint of all ... It appears from the letters that the complaint is directed rather at Mr. Henderson and his attitude and methods than at the abstract question of ... rationing and price control." Those losses ensured that no more New Deal social measures would be passed by the US during World War II, and that many of them would be repealed.
Henderson was replaced after the 1942 election and went into a career in business.
He died in 1986. Before his death, he personally donated many of his papers to the Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library.
# Joe Brady (footballer)

Joseph Brady was an English professional footballer who played as an outside left or right for Sheffield United during the 1892–93 season. Registered at the start of the club's first campaign in The Football League, he struggled to break into the first team and made only ten appearances in total during the course of the season, although most of these were in friendlies. His only competitive games were against Newcastle United in the Northern League and against Sunderland in the FA Cup. Lacking the quality needed to play in the Football League, he was released in the summer of 1893.
# Norwegian County Road 682

County Road 682 (Norwegian: Fylkesvei 682) is a road in Aure Municipality (in Møre og Romsdal county) and Heim Municipality (in Trøndelag county) in Norway. In addition to its 13.2-kilometer (8.2 mi) land length, the route also includes a 3.2-kilometer (2.0 mi) ferry connection.
The road branches off from County Road 680 at Espset and runs south across the island of Ertvågsøya, first along the east shore of Foldfjord and then along the east shore of the lake Skausetvatnet. County Road 362 branches off to the east at Vågosen just before the road reaches the ferry dock at Arasvika. There the route continues via ferry across Arasvik Fjord to Hennset, where it joins European route E39. The road is also named Arasvikvegen (Arasvika Road) for its entire length.
Prior to January 1, 2010, the route was a national road, but control and maintenance of the road was transferred to the counties from the national government on that date, and so now it is a county road.
# Fish Tales (EP)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Fish Tales is a 12"-EP by New Zealand band the 3Ds, released in 1990.

## Track listing

* "First Church"
* "Dream of Herge"
* "Evil Kid"
* "Fish Tails"
* "Evocation of W.C. Fields"
* "Mud Sacrifice"
* "The Ball of Purple Cotton"
# Muhammed Wattad

Muhammed Wattad (Arabic: محمد وتد, Hebrew: מוחמד ותד; 1 June 1937 – 24 September 1994) was an Israeli Arab journalist, writer and politician who served as a member of the Knesset between 1981 and 1988.

## Biography

Born in Jatt during the Mandate era, Wattad was a member of the Israeli Communist Youth and Hashomer Hatzair. He attended Tel Aviv University, where he took Asian and African Studies.
A member of Mapam, he edited the Arabic-language version of the party's newspaper, Al HaMishmar. In 1981 he was elected to the Knesset on the Alignment list (an alliance of Mapam and the Labor Party). He was re-elected in 1984, shortly after which Mapam left the Alignment. On 12 July 1988 he left Mapam to join Hadash, due to disappointment with Mapam's policy towards the First Intifada.
He lost his seat in the 1988 elections. After leaving politics, he managed and edited the Kul al-Arab newspaper, and later ran a public relations firm.
He died in 1994 following a traffic collision.