OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Johansen test

In statistics, the Johansen test, named after Søren Johansen, is a procedure for testing cointegration of several, say k, I(1) time series. This test permits more than one cointegrating relationship so is more generally applicable than the Engle-Granger test which is based on the Dickey–Fuller (or the augmented) test for unit roots in the residuals from a single (estimated) cointegrating relationship.

## Types

There are two types of Johansen test, either with trace or with eigenvalue, and the inferences might be a little bit different. The null hypothesis for the trace test is that the number of cointegration vectors is r = r* < k, vs. the alternative that r = k. Testing proceeds sequentially for r* = 1,2, etc. and the first non-rejection of the null is taken as an estimate of r. The null hypothesis for the "maximum eigenvalue" test is as for the trace test but the alternative is r = r* + 1 and, again, testing proceeds sequentially for r* = 1,2,etc., with the first non-rejection used as an estimator for r.
Just like a unit root test, there can be a constant term, a trend term, both, or neither in the model. For a general VAR(p) model:
    $X_{t}=\mu +\Phi D_{t}+\Pi _{p}X_{t-p}+\cdots +\Pi _{1}X_{t-1}+e_{t},\quad t=1,\dots ,T$
There are two possible specifications for error correction: that is, two vector error correction models (VECM):
1. The longrun VECM:
       $\Delta X_{t}=\mu +\Phi D_{t}+\Pi X_{t-p}+\Gamma _{p-1}\Delta X_{t-p+1}+\cdots +\Gamma _{1}\Delta X_{t-1}+\varepsilon _{t},\quad t=1,\dots ,T$
    where
       $\Gamma _{i}=\Pi _{1}+\cdots +\Pi _{i}-I,\quad i=1,\dots ,p-1.\,$
2. The transitory VECM:
       $\Delta X_{t}=\mu +\Phi D_{t}+\Pi X_{t-1}-\sum _{j=1}^{p-1}\Gamma _{j}\Delta X_{t-j}+\varepsilon _{t},\quad t=1,\cdots ,T$
    where
       $\Gamma _{i}=\left(\Pi _{i+1}+\cdots +\Pi _{p}\right),\quad i=1,\dots ,p-1.\,$
The two are the same. In both VECM,
    $\Pi =\Pi _{1}+\cdots +\Pi _{p}-I.\,$
Inferences are drawn on Π, and they will be the same, so is the explanatory power.
# List of Etruscan names for Greek heroes

This is a list of Etruscan names for Greek heroes. It is a partial list of the names in the list of Etruscan mythological figures.

## Names

| Greek name | Etruscan name | Notes |
| Achilles | Achle, Achile | Legendary hero of the Trojan War |
| Actaeon | Ataiun | |
| Admetus | Atmite | |
| Adonis | Atunis | |
| Agamemnon | Achmemrun | Legendary king of Mycenaean Greece |
| Aitolos | Etule | Confused with his brother, Epeios, who built the Trojan horse |
| Ajax, son of Telamon Ajax, son of Oileus | Aivas Tlamunus, Aivas Vilates | also Eivas or Evas |
| Amphiaraus | Hamphiare, Amphare | Legendary seer |
| Amycus | Amuce, Amuche, Amuke | The Greek legendary figure of the Argonauts myth |
| Asklepios | Esplace | Legendary healer |
| Atlas | Aril | |
| Capaneus | Capne, Kapne | |
| Castor | Castur | |
| Daidalos | Taitle | |
| Dios Kouroi ("sons of Zeus") | Tinas cliniar, "sons of Tina" | Designating the twins |
| Elpenor | Velparun | |
| Eteocles | Evtucle, [Ev]thucle | |
| Herakles | Hercle, Hercele, Herecele, Herkle, Hrcle | |
| Icarus | Vikare | Son of Taitle |
| Iolaos | Vile, Vilae | Nephew of Hercle |
| Jason | Easun, Heasun, Heiasun | |
| Kallinikos | Calanice | Greek name of Hercle |
| Lynceus | Lunc, Lnche | |
| Meleager | Meleacr | |
| Menelaus | Menle | The hero of Trojan War fame |
| Nestor | Nestur | |
| Odysseus | Uthste | |
| Orpheus | Urphe | |
| Orestes | Urusthe | The Homeric legendary character |
| Palamedes | Palmithe, Talmithe | |
| Patroclus | Patrucle | |
| Peleus | Pele | |
| Perseus | Perse, Pherse | |
| Phaon | Phaun, Faun, Phamu | |
| Phoinix | Phuinis | The friend of Peleus |
| Prometheus | Prumathe | |
| Polydeuces (Pollux) | Pultuce, Pulutuce, Pulutuke, Pultuke | One of the mythological twins |
| Rhadamanthys | Rathmtr | the Greek mythological character, judge of the dead. |
| Sisyphus | Sispe, Sisphe | The legendary king |
| Telamon | Telmun, Tlamun, Talmun, Tlamu | A legendary Argonaut |
| Teucer | Techrs | The Trojan War hero |
| Theseus | These | |
| Tiresias | Teriasals, Teriasa | Legendary blind prophet |
| Tyndareus | Tuntle | |
| Tydeus | Tute | |
# Fatty's New Role

Fatty's New Role is a 1915 American short comedy film directed by and starring Fatty Arbuckle.

## Cast

* Roscoe 'Fatty' Arbuckle as Hobo
* Mack Swain as Ambrose Schnitz
* Joe Bordeaux
* Glen Cavender
* Bobby Dunn
* Billy Gilbert
* Frank Hayes
* Edgar Kennedy as Man who gives handout
* Hank Mann
* Frank Opperman
* Fritz Schade as Bar patron
* Al St. John as Cop
* Slim Summerville as Bartender
* Luke the Dog
# Jovan Vićić

Jovan Vićić (Serbian Cyrillic: Јован Вићић; born 23 February 1997) is a Serbian ex-footballer, who played as a goalkeeper. Currently, he is working as a football agent.

## Club career
### Red Star Belgrade

Born in Loznica, Vićić passed the youth school of Red Star Belgrade and joined the first team in summer 2015. Later he was loaned to GSP Polet on dual registration, where he made 11 appearances in the Serbian League Belgrade for the first half of 2015–16 season. At the beginning of 2016, Vićić signed his first professional contract with Red Star and moved on loan to Serbian First League Loznica. In summer 2016, Vićić spent pre-season training with Red Star, and later he moved on new loan to Kolubara at one-year dual-registration. After he spent the winter break off-season with home club, a loan deal with Kolubara was terminated and he moved to Bežanija until the end of the same season. In summer 2017, Vićić moved on loan to Drina Zvornik. In summer 2018, Vićić released by the club.

### Mačva Šabac

On 29 June 2018, it was announced Vićić joined Mačva Šabac as the first summer signing.

## International career

Vićić was a member of Serbia U16, Serbia U17 and Serbia U18 national team levels between 2012 and 2015. In February 2016, he became the first footballer in the history of FK Loznica, which invited into national team selection, after he was called by coach Branislav Nikolić for a friendly match of Serbia national under-19 football team against Bulgaria. As a new coach of Serbia U20 national level, Ilija Petković called Vićić into the squad in March 2017.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of 1 July 2018
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Red Star Belgrade | 2015–16 | SuperLiga | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 |
| Red Star Belgrade | 2016–17 | SuperLiga | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 |
| Red Star Belgrade | 2017–18 | SuperLiga | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 |
| Red Star Belgrade | Total | Total | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 |
| GSP Polet (loan) | 2015–16 | League Belgrade | 11 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 11 | 0 |
| Loznica (loan) | 2015–16 | First League | 6 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 6 | 0 |
| Kolubara (loan) | 2016–17 | First League | 6 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 7 | 0 |
| Bežanija (loan) | 2016–17 | First League | 5 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 5 | 0 |
| Drina Zvornik (loan) | 2017–18 | First League RS | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 20 | 0 |
| Mačva Šabac | 2018–19 | SuperLiga | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 48 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 49 | 0 |
# George Gardner Fagg

George Gardner Fagg (April 30, 1934 – July 14, 2015) was a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit.

## Education and career

Born in Eldora, Iowa, Fagg received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Drake University in 1956, and a Juris Doctor from Drake University Law School in 1958. After practicing law in Marshalltown, Iowa from 1958 to 1972, he was appointed to the Iowa state district court bench in the 2nd Judicial District, where he served from 1972 to 1982.

## Federal judicial service

Fagg was nominated by President Ronald Reagan on September 22, 1982, to a seat on the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit that was vacated when Judge Roy Laverne Stephenson assumed senior status. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on October 1, 1982, and received his commission the same day. He assumed senior status on May 1, 1999. Fagg died on July 14, 2015, in Johnston, Iowa.
# Yedoma

Yedoma /ˈjɛdəmə/ (Russian: е́дома) is an organic-rich (about 2% carbon by mass) Pleistocene-age permafrost with ice content of 50–90% by volume. Yedoma are abundant in the cold regions of eastern Siberia, such as northern Yakutia, as well as in Alaska and the Yukon.

## Characteristics

The landscape of yedoma areas is of glacier plains and hills with shallow depressions known as alas. Yedoma usually form in lowlands or stretches of land with rolling hills where ice wedge polygonal networks are present, in stable relief features with accumulation zones of poor drainage, severe cold and arid continental climate zones resulting in scanty vegetation cover, intense periglacial weathering processes, as well as the proximity of sediment sources, such as low mountain ranges and foothills.
The amount of carbon trapped in this type of permafrost is much more prevalent than originally thought and may be about 210 to 500 Gt, that is a multiple of the amount of carbon released into the air each year by the burning of fossil fuels. Thawing yedoma is a significant source of atmospheric methane (about 4 Tg of CH $_4$ per year).
The Yedoma region currently occupies an area of more than one million square kilometers from northeast Siberia to Alaska and Canada, and in many regions is tens of meters thick. During the Last Glacial Maximum, when the global sea level was 120 m lower than that of today, similar deposits covered substantial areas of the exposed northeast Eurasian continental shelves. At the end of the last ice age, at the Pleistocene–Holocene transition, thawing yedoma and the resulting thermokarst lakes may have produced 33 to 87% of the high-latitude increase in atmospheric methane concentration.
# John Bailey Jones

John Bailey Jones (March 30, 1927 – January 30, 2023) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of South Dakota.

## Early life, education, and career

Born in Mitchell, South Dakota, Jones was in the United States Naval Reserve from 1945 to 1947. He received a Bachelor of Science degree from the University of South Dakota in 1951 and a Bachelor of Laws from the University of South Dakota School of Law in 1953. He was in private practice in Presho, South Dakota from 1953 to 1966. He was a county judge of Lyman County, South Dakota from 1953 to 1956. He was a South Dakota state representative from 1956 to 1960. He was a circuit judge of the South Dakota Tenth Judicial Circuit from 1967 to 1974. He was a circuit judge of the South Dakota Sixth Judicial Circuit from 1974 to 1981.

## Federal judicial service

On October 20, 1981, Jones was nominated by President Ronald Reagan to a seat on the United States District Court for the District of South Dakota vacated by Judge Fred Joseph Nichol. Jones was confirmed by the United States Senate on November 18, 1981, and received his commission the same day. He served as chief judge from 1991 to 1994. He assumed senior status on January 1, 1995.

## Personal life and death

Jones died in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, on January 30, 2023, at the age of 95.
# Raymond L. Acosta

Raymond L. Acosta (May 31, 1925 – December 23, 2014) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Puerto Rico.

## Education and career

Born in New York City, New York, Acosta after serving in the United States Navy from 1943 to 1946, during World War II, and participated in the D-Day Invasion of Normandy (Utah Beach) attended Rutgers School of Law – Newark where received a Juris Doctor in 1951. He was in private practice of law in Hackensack, New Jersey, from 1953 to 1954, and was then a special agent at the Federal Bureau of Investigation field office in San Diego, California, Washington, D.C., and Miami, Florida, from 1954 to 1958. He was an Assistant United States Attorney in San Juan, Puerto Rico, from 1958 to 1961. Acosta went into private practice in San Juan from 1962 to 1980, specializing in banking and trust litigation. In 1980 President Jimmy Carter named him United States Attorney for the District of Puerto Rico, serving until 1982.

## Federal judicial service

On September 9, 1982, President Ronald Reagan nominated Acosta to a seat on the United States District Court for the District of Puerto Rico vacated by Judge Jose Victor Toledo. Acosta was confirmed by the United States Senate on September 29, 1982, and received his commission the following day. He assumed senior status on June 1, 1994. He died on December 23, 2014.

## Notable case

Acosta was perhaps best known for presiding over the complex litigation resulting from the Dupont Plaza Hotel arson, a disaster that claimed 98 lives. His "masterful and innovative handling of the complex mass disaster litigation" led to the approval of a $220 million settlement of the lawsuit which had involved 2,400 plaintiffs, 250 defendants, and three trial phases over 19 months.

## Honor

The Puerto Rico Chapter of the Federal Bar Association was renamed in honor of Acosta in 2008.
# Glyphoglossus

Glyphoglossus is a genus of frogs in the family Microhylidae. The genus occurs in Southeastern Asia. Common name balloon frogs has been coined for it, whereas the common name squat frogs refers to the Calluella species that are now included in this genus. They are fossorial frogs that spend only limited time on the soil surface and are typically known from only few specimens.

## Taxonomy

Glyphoglossus, as currently delimited, includes species formerly included in a separate genus, Calluella. Molecular genetic data strongly suggest that Glyphoglossus is nested within Calluella. Consequently, Calluella was brought into synonymy of Glyphoglossus.

## Description

Diagnostic characteristics of Calluella are wide head and flattened body; reduced eyes; presence of maxillary and vomerine teeth; toes with reduced webbing; circular pupil; large, oval, and entire tongue; palate having paired dermal ridges; and a large compressed inner metatarsal tubercle under each foot. Species of this Genus are found in the range from Southern China to Indo-Malaya

## Species

There are nine recognized species:
* Glyphoglossus brooksii (Boulenger, 1904)
* Glyphoglossus capsus (Das, Min, Hsu, Hertwig, and Haas, 2014)
* Glyphoglossus flavus (Kiew, 1984)
* Glyphoglossus guttulatus (Blyth, 1856)
* Glyphoglossus minutus (Das, Yaakob, and Lim, 2004)
* Glyphoglossus molossus Günther, 1869
* Glyphoglossus smithi (Barbour and Noble, 1916)
* Glyphoglossus volzi (Van Kampen, 1905)
* Glyphoglossus yunnanensis (Boulenger, 1919)
# Mastin G. White

Mastin Gentry White (January 1, 1901 – July 25, 1987) was a judge of the United States Court of Federal Claims from 1982 to 1987.

## Early life and career

White was born in Van Zandt County, Texas. He received a Bachelor of Laws from the University of Texas School of Law in 1927, a Bachelor of Arts from New Mexico State Teachers College (now Western New Mexico University) in 1929, a Master of Laws from Columbia Law School in 1930, and a Doctor of Juridical Science from Harvard Law School in 1933. He was an assistant county attorney for Smith County, Texas, from 1927 to 1930. He entered academia as an associate professor at the University of Texas School of Law, from 1930 to 1932, and then as a Brandeis research fellow at Harvard Law School from 1932 to 1933.
White then went into government service, first as a special assistant to the Attorney General of the United States in the U.S. Department of Justice, from 1933 to 1935, and then as a solicitor in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, from 1935 to 1942. During World War II, he served as a colonel in the United States Army, from 1942 to 1946. After the war, he was a Solicitor for the U.S. Department of the Interior from 1946 to 1953, and chaired Department of Interior Loyalty Board hearings against federal employees alleged to be disloyal to the US Government. He was briefly in private practice in Washington, D.C., from 1953 to 1955.
In 1955, White became a trial judge of the United States Court of Claims. He was in active service as a judge of that court until 1971, when he became a senior trial judge. On October 1, 1982, White was appointed by operation of law as senior judge holding a new seat on the United States Court of Federal Claims, authorized by 96 Stat. 27. However, because the statute made no specific provision for such an appointment, on November 10, 1982, he received a recess appointment from President Ronald Reagan as a judge in regular active service in the same seat. He served in this capacity for nine days before once again assuming senior status on November 19, 1982, serving in this capacity until his death, in Washington, D.C. White was one of several judges originally assigned to the U.S. Court of Federal Claims for whom no successor was appointed.
# Edwin Michael Kosik

Edwin Michael Kosik (May 5, 1925 – June 13, 2019) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania.

## Education and career

Kosik was born in Dupont, Pennsylvania. He received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Wilkes College in 1949. He received a Bachelor of Laws from Dickinson School of Law in 1951. He was a Corporal in the United States Army from 1943 to 1946 and a Reserve Colonel in 1975. He was in private practice in Scranton, Pennsylvania, from 1951 to 1953, became an Assistant United States Attorney of the Middle District of Pennsylvania from 1953 to 1958, before returning to private practice from 1958 to 1969. He was a Chairman of the Pennsylvania State Workmen's Compensation Board from 1964 to 1969 and became a judge of the Court of Common Pleas for the 45th Judicial District of Pennsylvania from 1969 to 1979. He became the president judge of the Court of Common Pleas of the 45th Judicial District of Pennsylvania from 1979 to 1986.

## Federal judicial service

Kosik was nominated by President Ronald Reagan on May 14, 1986, to a seat vacated by Judge Malcolm A. Muir on the United States District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on June 13, 1986, and received his commission on June 16, 1986. He assumed senior status on July 15, 1996. He was best known for presiding over the "Kids for Cash scandal" corruption case, where he rejected the plea deals of two fellow judges and, after their convictions, imposing lengthy prison sentences on them. Kosik moved to inactive senior status in February 2017 due to health issues at age 91, meaning that he would no longer hear cases or participate in the business of the court. A month later, he was the subject of a widely publicized missing-person search. He was found alive in a wooded area after two days. He died on June 13, 2019, aged 94.
# Robert Cowton

Robert Cowton (fl.1300) was a Franciscan theologian active at the University of Oxford early in the fourteenth century. He was a follower of Henry of Ghent, and in the Augustinian tradition. He was familiar with the doctrines of Duns Scotus and Thomas Aquinas, and attempted a synthesis of them.
He entered the Franciscan Order before age 13. He presented a commentary on the Sentences of Peter Lombard around 1310. Later, in an abbreviated form, this became a standard textbook of theology. The work was criticised by Thomas Sutton.
# Jacob Critz House

The Jacob Critz House is a c. 1835 center-hall house in Thompson's Station, Tennessee, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. When listed the property included one contributing building, one non-contributing building, and one non-contributing structure, on 1.7 acres (0.69 ha). The property was covered in a 1988 study of Williamson County historical resources.
The home was likely leased in 1866 by carpetbagger James Wood King in his attempt to raise cotton in the south after the American Civil War.
# Canopus (insect)

Canopus is a genus of Neotropical bugs with about six species that form the family Canopidae. Bugs in the family Canopidae are small (5–7 mm long) and have a convex lady-bird beetle like shape and are thought to be fungus feeders. The scutellum completely covers the abdomen and wings. The antennae are five segmented.
Eight species are known:
* C. andinus Horváth
* C. burmeisteri McAtee and Malloch
* C. caesus (Germar)
* C. fabricii McAtee and Malloch
* C. germari McAtee and Malloch
* C. globosus Horváth
* C. impressus Fabricius
* C. orbicularis Horváth
# Leptodactylidae

The southern frogs form the Leptodactylidae, a name that comes from Greek meaning a bird or other animal having slender toes. They are a diverse family of frogs that most likely diverged from other hyloids during the Cretaceous. The family has undergone major taxonomic revisions in recent years, including the reclassification of the former subfamily Eleutherodactylinae into its own family the Eleutherodactylidae; the Leptodactylidae now number 206 species in 13 genera distributed throughout Mexico, the Caribbean, and Central and South America. The family includes terrestrial, burrowing, aquatic, and arboreal members, inhabiting a wide range of habitats.
Several of the genera within the Leptodactylidae lay their eggs in foam nests. These can be in crevices, on the surface of water, or on forest floors. These foam nests are some of the most varied among frogs. When eggs hatch in nests on the forest floor, the tadpoles remain within the nest, without eating, until metamorphosis.

## Classification

As of December 2019, the Amphibian Species of the World classifies the following genera in the family Leptodactylidae:
* Subfamily Leiuperinae Bonaparte, 1850 (90 species)
** Edalorhina Jiménez de la Espada, 1870
** Engystomops Jiménez de la Espada, 1872
** Physalaemus Fitzinger, 1826
** Pleurodema Tschudi, 1838
** Pseudopaludicola Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926
* Subfamily Leptodactylinae Werner, 1896 (1838) (96 species)
** Adenomera Steindachner, 1867
** Hydrolaetare Gallardo, 1963
** Leptodactylus Fitzinger, 1826
** Lithodytes Fitzinger, 1843
* Subfamily Paratelmatobiinae Ohler and Dubois, 2012 (13 species)
** Crossodactylodes Cochran, 1938
** Paratelmatobius Lutz and Carvalho, 1958
** Rupirana Heyer, 1999
** Scythrophrys Lynch, 1971
* Incertae sedis
** "Leptodactylus" ochraceus Lutz, 1930