OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Andrew A. Caffrey

Andrew Augustine Caffrey (October 2, 1920 – October 6, 1993) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts.

## Early life and career

Born in Lawrence, Massachusetts, Caffrey received an Artium Baccalaureus degree from the College of the Holy Cross in 1941. He served in the United States Army from May 20, 1944, to July 2, 1946. He was a lieutenant in the United States Army Signal Corps, Intelligence Branch. He then received a Bachelor of Laws in 1948 from Boston College Law School and a Master of Laws from Harvard Law School in the same year. He was an associate professor at Boston College Law School from 1948 to 1955. He was Chief of the Civil Division of the Office of United States Attorney for the District of Massachusetts from 1955 to 1959, and First Assistant United States Attorney in that office from 1959 to 1960.

## Federal judicial service

Caffrey received a recess appointment from President Dwight D. Eisenhower on October 13, 1960, to a seat on the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts vacated by Judge William T. McCarthy. He was nominated to the same position by President Eisenhower on January 10, 1961. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on August 9, 1961, and received his commission from President John F. Kennedy on August 16, 1961. He served as Chief Judge from 1972 to 1986. He was a member of the Judicial Conference of the United States from 1973 to 1979. He was a member of the Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation from 1975 to 1990, serving as chair of that panel from 1980 to 1990. He assumed senior status on October 17, 1986. His service terminated on October 6, 1993, due to his death in West Palm Beach, Florida.
# Fred James Cassibry

Fred James Cassibry (September 26, 1918 – July 6, 1996) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana.

## Education and career

Born in D'Lo, Mississippi, Cassibry received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Tulane University in 1941 and a Bachelor of Laws from Tulane University Law School in 1943. He was in the United States Navy during World War II, from 1944 to 1946. He was then a field examiner for the National Labor Relations Board from 1946 to 1948. He entered private practice in New Orleans, Louisiana from 1948 to 1961, and was a New Orleans City Councilman from 1954 to 1961. He was a judge of the Civil District Court of the Parish of Orleans from 1961 to 1966.

## Federal judicial service

On October 11, 1966, Cassibry was nominated by President Lyndon B. Johnson to a new seat on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana created by 80 Stat. 75. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on October 20, 1966, and received his commission on November 3, 1966. He assumed senior status on March 15, 1984, serving in that capacity until his retirement on April 3, 1987.

## Death

Cassibry died on July 6, 1996, in New Orleans.

## Honor

In 1999, the square surrounding the Supreme Court of Louisiana was named "Judge Fred J. Cassibry Square" in Cassibry's honor.
# Ralph C. Body

Ralph Clyde Body (February 18, 1903 – June 2, 1973) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania.

## Education and career

Born in Yellow House, Pennsylvania, Body received an Artium Baccalaureus degree from Pennsylvania State University in 1925. He received a Bachelor of Laws from University of Pennsylvania Law School in 1928. He was in private practice of law in Pennsylvania from 1928 to 1960. He was solicitor for the Recorder of Deeds for the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania from 1933 to 1936. He worked for the Home Owners' Loan Corporation from 1933 to 1941. He was an assistant county solicitor in Pennsylvania from 1936 to 1938. He was a member of the Berks County Board Law Examiners from 1946 to 1960. He was a judge of the Court of Common Pleas of Berks County from 1960 to 1962.

## Federal judicial service

Body was nominated by President John F. Kennedy on March 5, 1962, to a seat on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania vacated by Judge Allan Kuhn Grim. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on April 2, 1962, and received his commission on April 4, 1962. He assumed senior status due to a certified disability on May 30, 1972. His service was terminated on June 2, 1973, due to his death.
# Sidney Lee Christie

Sidney Lee Christie (April 17, 1903 – February 15, 1974) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of West Virginia and the United States District Court for the Southern District of West Virginia.

## Education and career

Born in Sinks Grove, West Virginia, Christie received a Bachelor of Business degree from Dunsmore Business College (now closed) in 1924 and a Bachelor of Laws from Cumberland University's law school (now the Cumberland School of Law at Samford University) in 1928. He was in private practice from 1928 to 1960. He was divorce commissioner for the Circuit Court of McDowell County, West Virginia. He was a judge of the Circuit Court for the 8th Judicial Circuit of West Virginia from 1961 to 1964.

## Federal judicial service

Christie was nominated by President Lyndon B. Johnson on April 15, 1964, to a joint seat on the United States District Court for the Northern District of West Virginia and the United States District Court for the Southern District of West Virginia vacated by Judge Harry Evans Watkins. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on April 30, 1964, and received his commission on May 1, 1964. He served as Chief Judge of the Southern District from 1971 to 1973. His service was terminated on February 15, 1974, due to his death.
# Vincent P. Biunno

Vincent Pasquale Biunno (February 2, 1916 – July 30, 1991) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey.

## Education and career

Born in Newark, New Jersey, Biunno received a Bachelor of Laws from Rutgers Law School in 1937. He was in private practice in Newark from 1937 to 1958, also serving as a private in the United States Army during World War II, from 1942 to 1943, and as a counselor and lecturer at the Rutgers Law School from 1954 to 1957. He was chosen to be chief counsel to New Jersey Governor Robert B. Meyner in 1958, despite being a registered Republican. He served in this capacity until 1960, reportedly turning down a Superior Court appointment and instead returning to private practice. From 1960 to 1973, he was a Director of the Prudential Insurance Company in Newark.

## Federal judicial service

On February 21, 1973, Biunno was nominated by President Richard Nixon to a seat on the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey vacated by Judge Robert Shaw. Biunno was confirmed by the United States Senate on April 10, 1973, and received his commission on April 17, 1973. He assumed senior status due to a certified disability on March 23, 1982, serving in that capacity until his death on July 30, 1991, in Passaic, New Jersey.
# Mathiang Yak Anek

Mathiang Yak Anek was a 19th-century female Dinka chief and escaped slave. Born in the 1860s, she was enslaved as a child by Turkish-Egyptian traders. She escaped during the advance of British colonial troops and returned to her home in Pathiong Gok (now part of South Sudan). She became the chief of her people. Following a dispute with a rival leader, she was removed from her position by colonial officials.

## Early life and enslavement

Mathiang Yak Anek was born in the 1860s to a Dinka family in the Pagok Pathiong Gok community of Turkish Sudan (now South Sudan). As a child, she was abducted from her village by Turkish-Egyptian traders and taken as a slave to the regional slaving post of Tonj.
Anek was sold and then taken north to Omdurman, the capital of the Mahdist State, where she was resold. She was forced to undergo female genital mutilation, a common experience for female slaves. For three years, she worked as a slave near Buri. She learned to speak Arabic and was informally married to a man in Northern Sudan.

## Escape from slavery and return to South Sudan

Following the turbulence caused by the advance and the victories of the British colonial troops during the Anglo-Egyptian conquest of Sudan, Anek escaped from slavery and returned to her home in Pathiong Gok where she resumed a traditional lifestyle. She married a man named Dahl Marol.
Anek gradually acquired stature among the Dinka of Pathiong Gok, convincing them of the worth of her knowledge of Arabic and her aggressive nature. She was eventually made a female chief and established residence in Rumbek, which had become a regional headquarters of the Anglo-Egyptian colonial administration. Anek initiated contact with colonial administrators and acted as a mediator between her people and agents of the foreign occupation. She was awarded a golden sword by a British officer for "keeping the peace" among the Gok Dinka.
Anek clashed with Wuol Athian, a rival military leader and traditional priest of the Dinka community of Agar who had allied with the Nuer to attack the Turko-Egyptian garrison at Rumbek in 1883. At a gathering of the region's chiefs, Anek debated Athian, successfully made a public case against him, and was awarded a gray cow as recompense. The incident was considered dishonourable for Athian.
At the next annual gathering of chiefs before the British colonial officials, a charge was made against Anek claiming that she had slapped Athian on his buttocks. The charges were likely false, but considered a "grave offense". It was said that Athian was mobilising a war force to attack the Pathiong Gok. To resolve the situation, colonial officials stripped Anek of her chieftainship and appointed a man to be her successor.
Afterwards, Anek abandoned her house in the city and moved to the countryside. Following her rule, Gok had a higher rate of female chieftains than most groups of Dinka people.
# Aldon J. Anderson

Aldon Junior Anderson (January 3, 1917 – March 24, 1996) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Utah.

## Education and career

Born on January 3, 1917, in Salt Lake City, Utah, to Aldon J. and Minnie (Egan), Anderson received a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Utah in 1939 and a Juris Doctor from the S.J. Quinney College of Law at the University of Utah in 1943. He was a staff attorney of the Utah State Tax Commission from 1943 to 1945, and was then in private practice in Salt Lake City until 1957, also working as a Utah state district attorney from 1953 to 1957. He was a judge of the second district of the Utah State District Court from 1957 to 1971.

## Federal judicial service

On June 17, 1971, President Richard Nixon nominated Anderson to a seat on the United States District Court for the District of Utah vacated by Judge Albert Sherman Christensen. Anderson was confirmed by the United States Senate on July 22, 1971, and received his commission the same day. He served as Chief Judge from 1978 to 1984, assuming senior status on December 20, 1984. Anderson served in this capacity until his death on March 24, 1996, in Salt Lake City.

## Personal

Anderson was married to Virginia Weilenmann Anderson, who was a speech therapist for disabled people.
# Paul Benson (judge)

Paul Benson (June 1, 1918 – April 22, 2004) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of North Dakota.

## Education and career

Born in Greenville Township, LaMoure County, North Dakota, Benson received a Bachelor of Science degree from the University of North Dakota in 1942 and was a lieutenant in the United States Navy during World War II, from 1942 to 1946. He received a Bachelor of Laws from George Washington University Law School in 1949, entering private practice in Cavalier, North Dakota in 1949 and in Grand Forks, North Dakota from 1950 to 1971. He was an assistant city attorney of Grand Forks from 1952 to 1954. He was the North Dakota Attorney General from 1954 to 1955. He was a lecturer at the University of North Dakota School of Law from 1960 to 1965.

## Federal judicial service

On July 12, 1971, Benson was nominated by President Richard Nixon to a seat on the United States District Court for the District of North Dakota vacated by Judge Ronald Davies. Benson was confirmed by the United States Senate on July 29, 1971, and received his commission the same day. He served as Chief Judge from 1971 to 1985, assuming senior status on December 31, 1985. Benson served in that capacity until his death on April 22, 2004, in Verona, Wisconsin.
# Mendon Morrill

Mendon Morrill (September 18, 1902 – March 12, 1961) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey.

## Education and career

Born in Worcester, Massachusetts, Morrill graduated from Harvard College in 1923 and received a Bachelor of Laws from Harvard Law School in 1926. He was in private practice in Massachusetts and in Paterson, New Jersey. In 1942, he became a first lieutenant in the United States Army.

## Federal judicial service

On March 25, 1958, Morrill was nominated by President Dwight D. Eisenhower to a seat on the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey vacated by Judge Alfred E. Modarelli. Morrill was confirmed by the United States Senate on April 22, 1958, and received his commission on April 23, 1958. Morrill served in that capacity until his death on March 12, 1961.
# Wendell Alverson Miles

Wendell Alverson Miles (April 17, 1916 – July 31, 2013) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Michigan.

## Education and career

Born in Holland, Michigan, Miles received an Artium Baccalaureus degree from Hope College in 1938, a Master of Arts from the University of Wyoming in 1939, and a Juris Doctor from the University of Michigan Law School in 1942. He joined the United States Army and reported for duty at Fort Riley, Kansas as a private in the fall of 1942. He then served in Europe during World War II with the 493rd Military Police Escort Guard Company as a captain, where his unit transported German prisoners of war. He also served as a lawyer trying cases in the Judge Advocate General's Corps in Marseilles and Strasbourg, France.
After the war, he was an Instructor at Hope College while in private practice in Grand Rapids, Michigan from 1948 to 1953, also serving as a prosecuting attorney of Ottawa County, Michigan from 1948 to 1953. He was the United States Attorney for the Western District of Michigan from 1953 to 1960. After running unsuccessfully for Michigan Attorney General as the Republican nominee in 1960, he returned to private practice in Grand Rapids from 1961 to 1970. He was a Circuit Judge for the 20th Judicial Circuit of Michigan from 1970 to 1974.

## Federal judicial service

On March 29, 1974, Miles was nominated by President Richard Nixon to a seat on the United States District Court for the Western District of Michigan vacated by Judge Albert J. Engel Jr. Miles was confirmed by the United States Senate on April 10, 1974, and received his commission on April 17, 1974. He served as Chief Judge from 1979 to 1986, assuming senior status on May 6, 1986. He was a judge of the United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court from 1989 to 1996. His service terminated on July 31, 2013, due to his death in Grand Rapids.
# Howard Francis Corcoran

Howard Francis Corcoran (January 25, 1906 – May 11, 1989) was an American attorney who was a district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia.

## Education and career

Born in Pawtucket, Rhode Island, Corcoran received an Artium Baccalaureus degree from Princeton University in 1928 and a Bachelor of Laws from Harvard Law School in 1931. He served in the United States Department of Agriculture from 1933 to 1934, worked for the Tennessee Valley Authority from 1934 to 1935, and was a legal associate for the Securities and Exchange Commission from 1935 to 1938. He was an Assistant United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York from 1938 to 1943, and was the United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York in 1943. He then served in the United States Army during World War II, from 1943 to 1945. He achieved the rank of Lieutenant Colonel. After the war, he entered private practice in New York City, New York from 1946 to 1954, and then in Washington, D.C. until 1965.

## Federal judicial service

On March 1, 1965, Corcoran was nominated by President Lyndon B. Johnson to a seat on the United States District Court for the District of Columbia vacated by Judge Charles F. McLaughlin. Corcoran was confirmed by the United States Senate on March 11, 1965, and received his commission the same day. He assumed senior status on November 30, 1977, serving in that capacity until his death on May 11, 1989, in Washington, D.C.
# Timothy Sylvester Hogan (judge)

Timothy Sylvester Hogan (September 23, 1909 – January 30, 1989) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Ohio.

## Education and career

Born in Wellston, Ohio, Hogan received an Artium Baccalaureus degree from Xavier University in 1930 and a Juris Doctor from the University of Cincinnati College of Law in 1931. He was in private practice in Cincinnati, Ohio from 1931 to 1941. He served as special counsel to the State Attorney General's Office of Ohio from 1937 to 1941. Hogan joined the United States Army Air Corps during World War II, serving from 1942 to 1946 and rising to the rank of lieutenant colonel. Upon discharge, he sought the office of Ohio Attorney General but lost. He returned to his private law practice and again served as special counsel to the State Attorney General from 1948 to 1950. He also began a long career as a lecturer at the University of Cincinnati Law School from 1950 to 1962.

## Federal judicial service

Hogan was nominated by President Lyndon B. Johnson on September 30, 1966, to a seat on the United States District Court for the Southern District of Ohio vacated by Judge John Weld Peck II. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on October 20, 1966, and received his commission on November 3, 1966. He served as Chief Judge from 1975 to 1977. He assumed senior status on September 24, 1979. Hogan served in that capacity until his death on January 30, 1989.

## Personal

Hogan was the son of Ohio Attorney General Timothy Sylvester Hogan.
# Potentilla sterneri

Potentilla sterneri is a plant of the genus Potentilla which is endemic to south Sweden.
The species name sterneri is in reference to Rikard Sterner P. sterneri is a polycarpic, herbaceous plant.
The numerous flowers are in raceme at the top of the stalk. They are pale yellow, fivefold, with up to 6 millimetres (0.24 in) long petals.

## Habitat and distribution

Potentilla sterneri has a preference for dry, calcareous soils in full sunlight, especially on calcareous grassland, on roadside and along fields.
It is endemic to Sweden, and is mainly found on the islands Gotland and Öland and in the provinces Småland and Blekinge in southern Sweden.
# Russell Evans Smith

Russell Evans Smith (November 16, 1908 – March 29, 1990) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Montana.

## Education and career

Born in Butte, Montana, Smith received a Bachelor of Laws from the Alexander Blewett III School of Law at the University of Montana in 1931. He was a marshal and law clerk to the Montana Supreme Court from 1931 to 1933. He was in private practice in Cut Bank, Montana, from 1933 to 1935, and in Missoula, Montana, from 1935 to 1942. He was an instructor at the Alexander Blewett III School of Law from 1937 to 1942, and was then chief attorney of Montana's Office of Price Administration from 1942 to 1943. He was a lieutenant in the United States Navy, in Aviation Combat Information during World War II, from 1943 to 1945. He returned to private practice in Missoula from 1945 to 1966, also continuing to teach at the Alexander Blewett III School of Law from 1946 to 1966.

## Federal judicial service

On February 16, 1966, Smith was nominated by President Lyndon B. Johnson to a seat on the United States District Court for the District of Montana vacated by Judge William Daniel Murray. Smith was confirmed by the United States Senate on March 25, 1966, and received his commission the following day. He served as Chief Judge from 1968 to 1978, assuming senior status on May 12, 1979. He served in that capacity until his death on March 29, 1990.

## Honor

The Russell Smith Courthouse in Missoula is named for him.
# Psammophiliella

Psammophiliella is a genus of flowering plants in the carnation family, Caryophyllaceae. It includes two species native to Eurasia, ranging from Europe to Siberia and the western Himalayas.
* Psammophiliella esfandiarii (Assadi) Falat., Assadi & F.Ghahrem. – Iran
* Psammophiliella muralis (L.) Ikonn. – Europe, Siberia, Central Asia, the Caucasus, and the western Himalayas.
# John F. X. McGohey

John Francis Xavier McGohey (January 7, 1894 – July 7, 1972) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York.

## Education and career

McGohey was born in New York City and graduated from Xavier High School in 1913. He then received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Fordham University in 1917 and was in the United States Army during World War I from 1918 to 1919. He received a Bachelor of Laws from New York University School of Law in 1923. He was an assistant counsel to the Hearst Publishing Company from 1923 to 1924, and was then counsel to the New York City Board of Transportation until 1932. He was an assistant state attorney general of New York from 1933 to 1943, and was Chief Assistant United States Attorney of the Southern District of New York from 1944 to 1949.

## Federal judicial service

McGohey received a recess appointment from President Harry S. Truman on October 21, 1949, to the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, to a new seat authorized by 63 Stat. 493. He was nominated to the same position by President Truman on January 5, 1950. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on March 8, 1950, and received his commission on March 9, 1950. He assumed senior status on March 17, 1970. His service terminated on July 7, 1972, due to his death.