OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Zinin reaction

Zinin reaction or Zinin reduction involves reduction of nitro aromatic compounds to the amines using sodium sulfide. It is used to convert nitrobenzenes to anilines. The reaction selectively reduces nitro groups in the presence of other easily reduced functional groups (e.g., aryl halides and C=C bonds) are present in the molecule.

## Reaction mechanism and example

The reaction requires water, with thiosulfate being formed as a by-product. A possible stoichiometry for the reaction is:
    4 ArNO$_2$ + 6 S$^{2-}$ + 7 H$_2$O → 4 ArNH$_2$ + 3 S$_2$O$_3$$^{2-}$ + 6 OH$^−$
Mechanistic studies have implicated a role for disulfide that is generated in situ. Nitrosobenzenes (ArNO) and phenylhydroxylamine (ArNHOH) are probable intermediates.
Dinitrobenzenes can often be reduced selectively to the nitroaniline, for example in the synthesis of 3-nitroaniline from 1,3-dinitrobenzene

## History

The reaction was discovered by a Russian organic chemist Nikolay Zinin (Russian: Николай Николаевич Зинин) (25 August 1812, Shusha – 18 February 1880, Saint Petersburg).
# Kemelho Nguena

Kemelho Nguena (born 10 July 2000) is a French professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Latvian Higher League club Riga.

## Professional career

Nguena made his professional debut with Troyes in a 1–0 Ligue 2 win over Rodez on 17 October 2020.
On 27 August 2021 he signed a 1.5-year contract with Bulgarian club Slavia Sofia.
In February 2023, Nguena joined Latvian Higher League club Riga.
# Luby DiMeolo

Albert A. "Luby" DiMeolo (October 27, 1903 – June 17, 1966) was an American football player and coach. He was the second ever head coach for the Pittsburgh Pirates (later renamed the Steelers) of the National Football League. He coached the Pirates during their second season of 1934. He was born in Youngstown, Ohio, but lived nearly his entire life in Coraopolis, Pennsylvania, just west of Pittsburgh.
DiMeolo was a guard and captain on the 1929 University of Pittsburgh team that was undefeated before losing in the 1930 Rose Bowl to USC. Upon graduating from Pittsburgh, DiMeolo served as offensive line coach at New York University under head coach Chick Meehan and later Howard Cann.
When the Pittsburgh Pirates joined the NFL in 1933, DiMeolo was rumored to be the leading candidate to become the team's initial player-coach. He was passed over for the job in favor of Jap Douds, who lasted just a single season as the team's coach. DiMeolo replaced Douds for the team's second season. He led the Pirates to a disappointing 2–10 record in his first season, after which he was dismissed.
After leaving the Pirates, DiMeolo returned to the college ranks as an assistant coach at Westminster College (Pennsylvania) and later at Carnegie Tech. He joined the navy during World War II and served as a physical instructor, rising to the rank of lieutenant commander.
After leaving the navy, DiMeolo worked in the Pennsylvania state Department of Commerce, before losing his position due to a change in the political party running the government. He was shortly thereafter named a U.S. Marshal for western Pennsylvania. He served as Marshal until 1961, after which he worked for U.S. Steel.
DiMeolo was married to Amelia Ann Sciliano; the couple had no children. He died at the age of 62 of a heart attack which occurred shortly after he had completed a game of squash in 1966.
# Edward Dodd

Edward Dodd (August 25, 1805 – March 1, 1891) was a U.S. Representative from New York.

## Early life

Edward Dodd was born in Salem, New York on August 25, 1805. He attended the public schools.

## Career

He engaged in mercantile pursuits. He moved to Argyle, New York in 1835. He served as county clerk of Washington County from 1835 to 1844. He served as delegate to the State constitutional convention in 1846.
Dodd was elected as an Opposition Party candidate to the Thirty-fourth Congress and re-elected as a Republican to the Thirty-fifth Congress (March 4, 1855 – March 3, 1859). He served as chairman of the Committee on District of Columbia (Thirty-fourth Congress).
He served as the United States marshal for the northern district of New York from April 1863 to April 1869. He was editor of the County Post for thirty years.
He was a Trustee of the Argyle Academy for fifty-one years. He served as president of the village of Argyle for eight years. He served as member of the Republican State committee for many years.

## Death

He died in Argyle, New York, March 1, 1891. He was interred in Prospect Hill Cemetery.
# Horrabridge

Horrabridge is a village and civil parish in the West Devon district, in Devon, England with a population of 2,115 people in 2006, down from 2,204 in 1991. It is located approximately 12 miles (19 km) north of the city of Plymouth and 4 miles (6.4 km) south of Tavistock and is within the Dartmoor National Park. In 2021 the parish had a population of 2198. Horrabridge is a major part of Walkham electoral ward. The population at the 2011 census was 3,115.
It sits on the River Walkham, a fishing river famous for its salmon. The village's name may have been taken from the 15th century pack-horse bridge which remains the only vehicular route from one side of the village to the other, and featured in the children's television programme Bagpuss. The bridge is a Grade I listed building.
Horrabridge has two pubs the London Inn and The Leaping Salmon but has lost many of its shops over the last 20 years including a draper, television shop and a general store. The village does however retain its post office, family bakery, hairdresser, florist and newsagent.
Until the beginning of the 20th century, the main industry was the mining of copper and tin. This industry has completely disappeared, leaving a legacy of unmapped mineshafts in the village and the surrounding area. It is a popular starting point for walks on Dartmoor and has become a dormitory village for the adjoining towns.

## Transport
### Road

The village is located on the A386 which is the main road running from Okehampton in the North to Plymouth in the South via Tavistock.

### Bus Services

The main bus service is service 1 from Plymouth to Tavistock operated by Stagecoach seven days a week.

### Coach Excursions

Lomax Tours run coach trips from Horrabridge to places of interest such as Bath Christmas Market, Lyme Regis, RHS Rosemoor flower shows, Sidmouth etc.

### The railway

Horrabridge used to have a station in the 19th century but not any more.

## Sport

Horrabridge has a football club associated with it; Horrabridge Rangers Sports Association. The football club has 2 adult teams and 20 youth teams of boys and girls. The football club has been around for over 100 years and provides a useful activity for the children of Horrabridge and the surrounding villages of Yelverton, Buckland Monachorum, Crapstone, Meavy and Walkhampton.

## Notable People

Musician Seth Lakeman recorded his album Kitty Jay in Horrabridge.

## Twin Towns

Horrabridge is twinned with Tilly-sur-Seulles in Normandy and the Twinning Association has existed since 1974.
# Saptapur

Saptapur, officially Saptapura is a residential neighborhood and business hub in the south-west of Dharwad city. It is bordered by Malmaddi in the east, Srinagar and KUD in the south, Narayanpur in the north & Kalyan Nagar in the south-east.

## Etymology

The word "Saptapur" comes from the Sanskrit word "Sapta-Pur" meaning Seven towns. Saptapur is made up of Seven major localities they are Jay Nagar, Bharti Nagar, Michigan Compound, CB Nagar, Vijayanand Nagar, State Bank Colony and Tungabhadra HDS.

## Saptapur Well

Saptapur Well also known as Saptapur Baavi is a well located on Saptapur Circle adjacent to KCD College Circle. It is very popular for Ganesh Visarjan during the festival of Ganesh Chaturthi.

## Landmarks

Karnatak University is one of the most prominent universities of the state, is located in the Pavte Nagar area of Saptpaur, The campus is spread over 750 acers of land. Due to the university the area has developed many hostels and PGs for students.

## Localities

Localities of Saptapur include Jay Nagar, Bharti Nagar, Michgan Compound, CB Nagar, Vijayanand Nagar, State Bank Colony and Tungabhadra HDS.
# Shou Tajima

Shōu Tajima (田島 昭宇, Tajima Shōu, born February 7, 1966 in Saitama Prefecture, Japan) is a manga illustrator and anime character designer. He has done character designs for the anime Kai Doh Maru, Otogi Zoshi, the survival horror video game Galerians: Ash, and the CGI OVA Galerians: Rion, as well as Kill Bill Chapter 3: The Origin of O-Ren. He also provided character designs and artwork for the Final Fantasy VII novel The Kids Are Alright: A Turks Side Story, some of which later appeared in the video game Final Fantasy VII Remake.

## Manga works

* Madara (1987)
* Brothers (1990)
* Multiple Personality Detective Psycho (1997)
* Neo Devilman (1999)
* Robot: Super Color Comic (2004)

## External links/References

* Shou Tajima at Anime News Network's encyclopedia
* The Ultimate Manga Guide - Tajima Shouu
* Shou Tajima on Twitter
# Shimoda, Aomori

Shimoda (下田町, Shimoda-machi) was a town located in Kamikita District in central Aomori Prefecture, Japan.

## History

Shimoda Village was founded on April 1, 1889. On August 1, 1969 it was elevated to town status.
On March 1, 2006 Shimoda, along with the neighboring town of Momoishi (also from Kamikita District), was merged to create the town of Oirase, and thus it no longer exists as an independent municipality.

## Economy

Located inland in central Aomori Prefecture and along the Oirase River, the town had an agriculture-based economy based on the production of rice, carrots, and Japanese yams. The town also served as a bed town for nearby Misawa. The former town also continues to host AEON Group and Jusco and large-scale shopping centers, expanding the town's commercial base.

## Population

At the time of its merger, the town had an estimated population of 14,282 and a density of 283 persons per km$^2$. The total area was 50.44 km$^2$.

## Transportation

Shimoda was served by the National Route 45 highway, and by Shimoda Station and Mukaiyama Station on the Tōhoku Main Line railway.
# Frank Conroy (author)

Frank Conroy (January 15, 1936 – April 6, 2005) was an American author. He published five books, including the highly acclaimed memoir Stop-Time. Published in 1967, this ultimately made Conroy a noted figure in the literary world. The book was nominated for the National Book Award.

## Early life and education

Frank Conroy was born on January 15, 1936, in New York, New York, to an American father and a Danish mother. Conroy graduated from Haverford College, and was director of the influential Iowa Writers' Workshop at the University of Iowa for 18 years, from 1987 until 2005, where he was also F. Wendell Miller Professor. He was previously the director of the literature program at the National Endowment for the Arts from 1982 to 1987.

## Writing

Conroy's published works include the memoir Stop-Time (1967); a collection of short stories, Midair (1985); a novel, Body and Soul (1993), which is regarded as one of the finest evocations of the experience of being a musician; a collection of essays and commentaries, Dogs Bark, but the Caravan Rolls On: Observations Then and Now (2002); and a travelogue, Time and Tide: A Walk Through Nantucket (2004). His fiction and nonfiction appeared in such journals as The New Yorker, Esquire, GQ, Harper's Magazine, Glamour, Parenting, and Partisan Review. He was named a Knight of the Order of Arts and Letters by the French government.

## Jazz piano

In addition to writing, Conroy was an accomplished jazz pianist, winning a Grammy Award in 1986 for liner notes. His book Dogs Bark, But the Caravan Rolls On: Observations Then and Now includes articles that describe jamming with Charles Mingus and with Charlie Watts and Bill Wyman. The latter session occurred when Conroy was writing about the Rolling Stones for Esquire. Conroy had arrived at a mansion for the interview, found nobody there, and eventually sat down at a grand piano and began to play. Someone wandered in, sat down at the drums, and joined in with accomplished jazz drumming; then a fine jazz bassist joined in. They turned out to be Watts and Wyman, whom Conroy did not recognize until they introduced themselves after the session.

## Death and recognition

Conroy died of colon cancer on April 6, 2005, in Iowa City, Iowa, at the age of 69. The Frank Conroy Reading Room in the Dey House, the home of the Iowa Writers' Workshop, was named in his honor.
Conroy is the subject of Mentor: A Memoir by Tom Grimes, his former student at the Iowa Writers Workshop and longtime friend.
# Tim Rieder

Tim Rieder (German pronunciation:; born 3 September 1993) is a German professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Greek Super League 2 club PAS Giannina.

## Career

In August 2020, Rieder joined 1. FC Kaiserslautern on a three-year contract.
On 8 July 2021, Rieder signed with 3. Liga club Türkgücü München. He made his competitive debut for the club on 25 August in the season opener against SC Verl which ended in a 0–0 draw. He made a total of 31 appearances for the club in which he failed to score.
Rieder returned to his former club 1860 Munich on 16 May 2022, after Türkgücü München had filed for insolvency. On 23 July, he made his return debut for the club on the opening day of the 2022–23 season, also scoring his first goal for the club in a 4–3 away victory against Dynamo Dresden. He then played the entire match in a 3–0 loss to Borussia Dortmund in the first round of the DFB-Pokal.

## Career statistics

    As of match played 18 May 2024
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National Cup | National Cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| FC Augsburg II | 2012–13 | Regionalliga Bayern | 28 | 0 | — | — | 1 | 0 | 29 | 0 |
| FC Augsburg II | 2013–14 | Regionalliga Bayern | 30 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 30 | 0 |
| FC Augsburg II | 2014–15 | Regionalliga Bayern | 28 | 2 | — | — | — | — | 28 | 2 |
| FC Augsburg II | 2015–16 | Regionalliga Bayern | 27 | 1 | — | — | 2 | 0 | 29 | 1 |
| FC Augsburg II | 2016–17 | Regionalliga Bayern | 10 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 10 | 0 |
| FC Augsburg II | 2017–18 | Regionalliga Bayern | 9 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 9 | 1 |
| FC Augsburg II | Total | Total | 132 | 4 | — | — | 3 | 0 | 135 | 4 |
| FC Augsburg | 2016–17 | Bundesliga | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 5 | 0 |
| Śląsk Wrocław (loan) | 2017–18 | Ekstraklasa | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 0 |
| Darmstadt 98 (loan) | 2018–19 | 2. Bundesliga | 15 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 17 | 0 |
| 1860 Munich (loan) | 2019–20 | 3. Liga | 25 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 26 | 3 |
| 1. FC Kaiserslautern | 2020–21 | 3. Liga | 36 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 38 | 0 |
| Türkgücü München | 2021–22 | 3. Liga | 28 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 31 | 0 |
| 1860 Munich | 2022–23 | 3. Liga | 22 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 25 | 2 |
| 1860 Munich | 2023–24 | 3. Liga | 31 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 31 | 0 |
| 1860 Munich | Total | Total | 53 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 56 | 2 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 307 | 9 | 6 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 322 | 9 |
* 1 2 Appearance in Regionalliga Bayern relegation play-offs
* 1 2 3 Appearances in Bavarian Cup
* ↑ Appearances in Southwestern Cup
# Argentina–Netherlands relations

Argentina–Netherlands relations refers to the diplomatic relations between the Republic of Argentina and the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Both nations are members of the United Nations.

## Trade

The Argentine-Dutch Chamber of Commerce was founded in 1919. It is a non-profit entity with legal status and registered office in the Republic of Argentina. The main objective of the Chamber is to protect the commercial interests of its members, both as a whole and as those of individual members. The Chamber is a member of the Union of Foreign and Binational Chambers of Commerce. Its second objective is to provide services to Dutch companies wishing to establish commercial relations with Argentina and to Argentine companies seeking to establish commercial relations with the Netherlands.

## Diaspora

Argentina received important contingents of Dutch people from 1825 onwards. Today the largest Dutch community is in the city of Tres Arroyos in the south of the province of Buenos Aires. The Dutch Association is an independent entity founded around 1920. The Association organizes various traditional Dutch festivities in Argentina. Among its activities the Association distributes the only Dutch-language magazine in Argentina: the "Blad Nederland", which is published 8 times a year and has a circulation of around 350 copies.

## Resident dipomatic missions

* Argentina has an embassy in The Hague.
* The Netherlands have an embassy on Buenos Aires.
# La pluie

"La pluie" is a song by French singer Orelsan and Belgian singer Stromae. The song peaked at number 2 on the Belgian Ultratop Wallonia Chart and at number 10 on the French Singles Chart.

## Charts
### Weekly charts

| Chart (2018) | Peak position |
| Belgium (Ultratop 50 Wallonia) | 2 |
| France (SNEP) | 10 |
| Switzerland (Media Control Romandy) | 15 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (2018) | Position |
| Belgium (Ultratop Wallonia) | 12 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| France (SNEP) | Diamond | 333,333$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Adriaen van der Cabel

Adriaen van der Cabel or Ary van der Touw (1631 – 16 June 1705), was a Dutch Golden Age landscape painter active in France and Italy.

## Biography

He was born and grew up in the small town of Rijswijk, near The Hague. Cabel was also known as Ary. According to Houbraken, he was a student of Jan van Goyen, and his real name was van der Touw (English: "of String"), but that wasn't grand enough according to Van Goyen, so he changed it to mean "of Cable". Houbraken wrote that his brother Engel was also a painter, and that Adriaen was already living in Lyon when Johannes Glauber made his grand tour. Cabel moved to Lyon as a young man and spent the rest of his life there.
According to the RKD, he lived in Lyon from 1655 to 1658, then Rome from 1659 to 1666, and finally Lyon again from 1668 to his death. His bentname was Geestigheid. His work is sometimes confused with that of his brother Engel van der Cabel (1641-after 1695), also known as Ange or Angelo. Engel accompanied his brother on his travels and they both married on the same day. Like his brother, Engel became a member of the Bentvueghels with the nickname Corydon, and he moved with him to Lyons, where in the year 1672, he became a 'Maître-Garde' of the Guild of Saint Luke there.
Van der Cabel's best known student was Lyonnaise landscape painter Adrien Manglard, who was also his godson. Like van der Cabel, Manglard moved to Rome, where he became one of the best known landscape painters of his day. Van der Cabel introduced young Manglard to the Dutch landscape painting tradition, as well as the Romano-Bolognese landscape painting style typical of the seventeenth century, which came to influence Cabel during his stay in Italy.

## Gallery

* Selected paintings
* River Landscape with a Bastion, c. 1660s, Private collection, Location unknown
* Beach at Katwijk., 1650–1670, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam
* The Riccio Trail near Albano, 1659–1666, Musée d'Arts de Nantes, Nantes
* A Mediterranean Harbour Scene with Figures, Late 17th century, Private collector, Unknown location
* A River Landscape with Sailboats Moored by a Bank, Houses Nearby, a Town Beyond, 1640s, Private collection, Location unknown
* Farmer's Cart on a Road, Unknown location
# Thomas Attwood (economist)

Thomas Attwood (6 October 1783 – 6 March 1856) was a British banker, economist, political campaigner and Member of Parliament. He was the leading figure of the underconsumptionist Birmingham School of economists, and, as the founder of the Birmingham Political Union, the leading figure in the public campaign for the Reform Act 1832.

## Life and career

Thomas Attwood was born in Halesowen, then a detached part of Shropshire, and attended Halesowen Grammar School (now Earls High School) before being moved to Wolverhampton Grammar School. On 12 May 1806, Attwood married Elizabeth Carless from Lower Ravenhurst Farm, an area which is now part of the Moor Pool estate. They had two sons, George de Bosco Attwood (15 March 1808), who stood unsuccessfully for the Walsall constituency in the 1832 general election, and Thomas Aurelius Attwood (4 March 1810). Their daughter Angela married Daniel Wakefield with whom she emigrated to New Zealand.
He founded the Birmingham Political Union in 1830. This was a political organization campaigning for cities, and large towns such as Birmingham, to be directly represented in Parliament. The Birmingham Political Union was foremost among groups lobbying the government for the passage of a Reform Bill to achieve this aim. The Days of May in 1832 brought the people's struggle for wider enfranchisement to a head, and the Great Reform Act was passed on 15 May 1832. After this success he became one of the first two Members of Parliament (MPs) for Birmingham (along with Joshua Scholefield) on 12 December 1832, a position he held until 1839.
Attwood lived at The Grove, a Georgian house in Harborne, Birmingham, between 1823 and 1846. He died in Malvern, Worcestershire in 1856.

## Memorials

A grade II listed statue of Thomas Attwood by local sculptor Peter Hollins stood in Calthorpe Park from 1859 to 1974 then moved to Larches Green, Sparkbrook, Birmingham between 1974 and 2008, but is now in store. A 1993 bronze statue sat, having left his plinth, and scattered his bronze pages, on the steps of Chamberlain Square in Birmingham until 2016 when works to demolish the Central Library and rebuild Chamberlain Square began. The statue was reinstalled in 2020 once the works were completed.
Attwood Street, a residential street in Halesowen, commemorates his achievements.
# Investigation of a Flame

Investigation of a Flame is a 2001 documentary by Lynne Sachs about the Catonsville Nine, nine Catholic activists who became known for their May 17, 1968 nonviolent act of civil disobedience in burning draft files to protest the Vietnam War.
The 45 minute film includes interviews with six members of the pioneers from the 1968 expression, including Daniel and Philip Berrigan, John Hogan, Thomas Lewis, and married couple Marjorie and Tom Melville. The film also includes commentary by historian Howard Zinn.

## Reviews

Francis X. Clines of The New York Times described the film as "a documentary about the protest events that made Catonsville, Maryland, an unpretentious suburb on the cusp of Baltimore, a flash point for citizens' resistance at the height of the war. ... Sachs found assorted characters still firm to fiery on the topic. She came to admire the consistency of the mutual antagonists in an argument that still rages (today)." Michael O'Sullivan of The Washington Post wrote that Sachs "uses a mosaic technique and seemingly random shots of plants and houses to create a moody, subjective portrait of an era as much as a group of people." Molly Marsh of Sojourners magazine called the film "wonderfully intimate; Sachs brings the camera within inches of her subjects' faces, capturing their thoughtful reminisces and personal regrets. Fred Camper of the Chicago Reader called it a "poetic essay" with "no omniscient narrator talking down to the viewer ... while "images like a newspaper going in and out of focus remind us that shifting contexts alter our understanding of complex events."
Lee Gardner of the Baltimore City Paper wrote that "Sachs cannily avoids the usual documentary dance of talking heads and file footage by interspersing impressionistic shots. (The film) provides a potent reminder that some Americans are willing to pay a heavy price to promote peace."

## Awards

* San Francisco International Film Festival
* New Jersey Film Festival
* Ann Arbor Film Festival
* First Prize Documentary Athens Film Festival
* Vermont Film Fest. Social Issue Doc. Award