OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Vedavalli

Vidushi R. Vedavalli (born 9 November 1935) is an Indian Carnatic vocalist.

## Early life

R. Vedavalli was born in Mannargudi, Tamil Nadu, India to Ramaswami Iyengar and Padmasani Ammal.

## Career

R. Vedavalli's talent for music was identified early on by Maurai Srirangam Iyengar, who brought the five-year-old a harmonium, and got her started on vocal lessons. The family moved to Madras in a few years time, and Vedavalli came under the tutelage of Mudicondan Venkatarama Iyer.
She received a Central Government scholarship to specialize in Padams and Javalis with T.Muktha, and in Pallavis with Venkataramana Iyer. Though she has performed since childhood, it was Ariyakudi Ramanuja Iyengar who advised her to turn into a professional musician, when he heard her sing as an 18-year-old. She has travelled throughout India and abroad in North America, South-East Asia, the Far East and the Persian Gulf region, giving concerts and lecture demonstrations.
Vedavalli served in the Teacher's College of Music of the Madras Music Academy for several years before becoming Professor of Vocal Music in the Government College of Music Adyar. She has thus shared her deep knowledge and extensive repertoire with numerous students at these institutions apart from training some privately.
She is also trained in playing the veena, and has a good command over Tamil, Sanskrit, Kannada, Telugu, which helps her sing with greater understanding or artha bhava (meaning and emotion). She lived in Chennai with her husband D. R. Santhanam and mother Padmasani Ammal, at the turn of the century. Later she and her husband moved to Pune to be with their daughter, and D R Santhanam died in Pune in July 2021.

## Awards and recognitions

From a very young age, Vedavalli won several awards in prestigious competitions including All India Radio's first prize for Classical Music and Light Classical Music, awarded by the President of India. In 2000, she received the Sangeetha Kalanidhi, which is considered the highest award in Carnatic music. She is one of the few women to have received this honor. She also received the Sangeetha Kalasikhamani award given by the Fine Arts Society, Chennai in 1995.

## Disciples

Among her disciples today are accomplished performers, researchers, teachers and writers. Sumitra Vasudev and her daughter Sushruti Santhanam are her disciples. Sushruti is based in Pune and teaches music there.
# Tatjana Živanović

Tatjana Živanović (Serbian Cyrillic: Татјана Живановић, born 6 August 1990 in Kraljevo, SFR Yugoslavia) is a Serbian women's basketball player.

## Personal life

In September 2017, she got engaged to her boyfriend at training of Kraljevo.
# Budimir Jolović

Budimir Jolović (born October 3, 1959) is a former Macedonian-Serbian professional basketball small forward who last played for KK Karpoš Sokoli in his last season as a pro player, he was 49 years old and scored 30 points in one game against KK Torus that season.
His fruitful career blossomed in Macedonia, as he played most of his professional career there. He also worked as a coach in a few teams in his career.
His coaching days started as a double licensed player/coach in KK Kumanovo in 1997. After that he took a job as an assistant coach of the young boys National Team in Macedonia in the summer of 2004. They competed in the 2004 FIBA Europe Under-16 Championship Division B where the team took the silver medal and qualified for the A division for the first time in history for any Macedonian National Team.
In 2006 he worked as a coach in KK AMAK SP and KK MM College. He had success with both of them playing and advancing in the First Basketball League in Macedonia.
In 2011 he coached one of the most successful Macedonian basketball teams KK MZT Skopje which he led to top of the table.
After the professional teams engagements he decided that he is ready to work with young talent, so he taught in the State school for physical culture "Metodi Mitevski - Brico" in Skopje.
In the summer of 2016 he was in the coaching staff for the EuroBasket 2017 qualification team for Macedonia, alongside Dragan Raca.
# Vittorio Vidotto

Vittorio Vidotto (17 March 1941 – 3 February 2024) was an Italian historian.

## Biography

Born in Milan on 17 March 1941, Vidotto earned a degree in modern literature from the Sapienza University of Rome, where he then taught for several decades. He was also an editor in medieval history and modern history for the Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana, where in 1980 he directed the history and contemporary politics departments.
Vidotto was one of the main authors at Italian publishing house Editori Laterza [it], where he worked alongside Vito Laterza [it] and Enrico Mistretta [it]. In 1988, he began to publish numerous scholarly journals and manuscripts for this editor in collaboration with Andrea Giardina [it] and Giovanni Sabbatucci.
Vittorio Vidotto died in Rome on 3 February 2024, at the age of 82.

## Publications

* Il Partito Comunista Italiano dalle origini al 1946 (1975)
* Storia d'Italia (1994–1999)
* Roma contemporanea (2001)
* Storia di Roma dall'antichità a oggi (2002)
* Italiani/e. Dal miracolo economico a oggi (2005)
* Guida allo studio della storia contemporanea (2006)
* 20 settembre 1870. La breccia di Porta Pia (2007)
* 1978. Il delitto Moro, in Novecento italiano (2008)
* Il mondo contemporaneo. Dal 1848 a oggi (2008)
* Nuovi Profili storici (2008)
* Storia contemporanea. L'Ottocento (2009)
* Storia moderna (2010)
* Atlante del Ventesimo secolo (2011)
* Storia contemporanea. Il Novecento (2011)
* Storia contemporanea. Il Novecento (2012)
* I mondi della Storia (2014)
# California City Whiptails

The California City Whiptails were a professional baseball team based in California City, California that began play in 2017. They were a member of the Pecos League, an independent baseball league which is not affiliated with MLB or Minor League Baseball.
The Whiptails played in the Pecos League from 2017 to 2019, and folded following the 2019 season. The team was originally planned to return in 2021, however, due to the Pecos League revising the divisions, the team will not return.
# John D. Ewing

John Dunbrack Ewing, Sr. (February 13, 1892 – May 18, 1952), was a Louisiana journalist who served as editor and publisher of both the Shreveport Times and the Monroe News-Star-World (since the Monroe News-Star) from 1931 until his death. He was also affiliated with radio station KWKH in Shreveport, the seat of Caddo Parish in northwestern Louisiana. KWKH was founded in 1922 and named in 1925 for its founder, W. K. Henderson.
In 1927, Ewing and former Shreveport mayor and businessman Andrew Querbes co-chaired a committee of prominent Shreveport citizens that began correspondence with the United States Department of War in Washington D. C. to sell Shreveport as the sight for a planned Army airfield that would serve as an expansion of the Third Attack Group, then located in Galveston, Texas. The group originally proposed land adjacent to Cross Lake but this location was deemed unsuitable by the War Department. Instead, approval was given for unincorporated land located in nearby Bossier Parish, which the City of Shreveport annexed through a municipal bond and donated to the federal government for construction of the facility, now known as Barksdale Air Force Base.
# Rue Royale, Brussels

The Rue Royale (French, pronounced; "Royal Street") or Koningsstraat (Dutch, pronounced; "King's Street") is a street in Brussels, Belgium, running through the municipalities of Schaerbeek, Saint-Josse-ten-Noode and the City of Brussels. It is limited to the south by the Place Royale/Koningsplein in the city centre and to the north by the Place de la Reine/Koninginplein in Schaerbeek.
Several places of interest lie along the Rue Royale, for instance the BELvue Museum, Brussels Park, the Congress Column, the Hotel Astoria, the Botanical Garden of Brussels, Le Botanique concert hall and Saint Mary's Royal Church. In addition, many companies have offices on the street, for instance Accenture and BNP Paribas Fortis, as well as the French-speaking Community of Belgium.
Two metro stations can be accessed from the Rue Royale: Parc/Park (on lines 1 and 5) and Botanique/Kruidtuin (on lines 2 and 6). The street is continued to the north by the Rue Royale Sainte-Marie/Koninklijke Sinte-Mariastraat and to the south by the Rue de la Régence/Regentschapsstraat. It also crosses the Small Ring (Brussels' inner ring road) at the Boulevard du Jardin botanique/Kruidtuinlaan crossroad.

## History

The Rue Royale was laid out in 1777 between the Place Royale/Koningsplein and the Place de Louvain/Leuvenseplein, which required enormous levelling works. From 1822, the street was extended to the Schaerbeek Gate on the current Small Ring by the engineer Jean-Alexandre Werry and the architect Hendrik Partoes. Shortly afterwards, it was extended even further on the territory of Saint-Josse-ten-Noode to the newly constructed Place de la Reine/Koninginplein in Schaerbeek, where Saint Mary's Royal Church closes the kilometre-long perspective.
In November 1902, King Leopold II was attacked by the Italian anarchist Gennaro Rubino on the Rue Royale and escaped death. However, his Grand Marshall, Count Charles d'Oultremont, was almost killed.

## Gallery

* Statue of Augustin Daniel Belliard (Geefs, 1836) on the Rue Royale
* The Congress Column and the Finance Tower seen from the Rue Royale
* Saint Mary's Royal Church from the Rue Royale
# Pelutho

Pelutho is a hamlet in the civil parish of Holme St. Cuthbert in Cumbria, historically in Cumberland, England.
It is situated on the B5301 road between the towns of Aspatria and Silloth. The village of Mawbray is located 3.0 miles (5 kilometres) to the south-west, and the village of Abbeytown is located 3.5 miles (6 kilometres) to the north-east. Carlisle, is located 21.5 miles (35 kilometres) to the east.

## Etymology

The name "Pelutho" is derived from the Old Norse pil-oat-haugr, meaning "peeled-oats hill". In the past, the name has been written in several different forms, including Pellathow, Pellothoe, Pollathow, Pellithow, and Pelato.

## History

During the Roman period, the area around Pelutho was fortified. A series of milefortlets were constructed beyond the western end of Hadrian's Wall to defend against incursions across the Solway Firth. Two of these, milefortlets 13 and 14, are located within 2 miles (3 kilometres) of Pelutho, near the hamlets of Blitterlees and Beckfoot respectively.

## Governance

Pelutho is part of the parliamentary constituency of Penrith and Solway.
For Local Government purposes it is in the Cumberland unitary authority area.

## Travel

No public transport services are available in Pelutho; the nearest railway station is at Aspatria, 5.5 miles (9 kilometres) to the south-east, and the nearest bus stop is at Beckfoot, 3.5 miles (6 kilometres) away by road.
# Loop gain

In electronics and control system theory, loop gain is the sum of the gain, expressed as a ratio or in decibels, around a feedback loop. Feedback loops are widely used in electronics in amplifiers and oscillators, and more generally in both electronic and nonelectronic industrial control systems to control industrial plant and equipment. The concept is also used in biology. In a feedback loop, the output of a device, process or plant is sampled and applied to alter the input, to better control the output. The loop gain, along with the related concept of loop phase shift, determines the behavior of the device, and particularly whether the output is stable, or unstable, which can result in oscillation. The importance of loop gain as a parameter for characterizing electronic feedback amplifiers was first recognized by Heinrich Barkhausen in 1921, and was developed further by Hendrik Wade Bode and Harry Nyquist at Bell Labs in the 1930s.
A block diagram of an electronic amplifier with negative feedback is shown at right. The input signal is applied to the amplifier with open-loop gain A and amplified. The output of the amplifier is applied to a feedback network with gain β, and subtracted from the input to the amplifier. The loop gain is calculated by imagining the feedback loop is broken at some point, and calculating the net gain if a signal is applied. In the diagram shown, the loop gain is the product of the gains of the amplifier and the feedback network, −Aβ. The minus sign is because the feedback signal is subtracted from the input.
The gains A and β, and therefore the loop gain, generally vary with the frequency of the input signal, and so are usually expressed as functions of the angular frequency ω in radians per second. It is often displayed as a graph with the horizontal axis frequency ω and the vertical axis gain. In amplifiers, the loop gain is the difference between the open-loop gain curve and the closed-loop gain curve (actually, the 1/β curve) on a dB scale.
# New Jalpaiguri–Patna Vande Bharat Express

The 22233/22234 New Jalpaiguri - Patna Vande Bharat Express is India's 43rd Vande Bharat Express train, which connects the city of Twin Cities, Siliguri in West Bengal with the capital city Patna in Bihar. This express train was inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi via video conferencing from Ahmedabad on March 12 2024.

## Overview

This train is operated by Indian Railways, connecting New Jalpaiguri Jn, Kishanganj, Katihar, Naugachia, Khagaria, Begusarai, Patna Sahib and Patna Jn. It is operated with train numbers 22233/22234 on 6 days a week basis.

## Rakes

It is the forty-first 2nd Generation and twenty-seventh Mini Vande Bharat 2.0 Express train which was designed and manufactured by the Integral Coach Factory at Perambur, Chennai under the Make in India Initiative.

## Service

The 22233/22234 New Jalpaiguri - Patna Vande Bharat Express Vande Bharat Express operates 6 days a week, covering a distance of 471 km (293 mi) in a travel time of 06 hrs 55 mins with average speed of 68 km/h. The Maximum Permissible Speed (MPS) of this service is 130kph between Tall Junction and Patna Saheb
* ↑ Except Tuesdays
# Amanda Fahy

Amanda Fahy (born 20 April 1985) is a British actress who played Shannon Parks in the CBBC television series Grange Hill from 2001 to 2004.
She appeared in The Bill as Nikki McGrath in 2004 and a year later appeared in the Channel 4 drama Ahead of the Class.
# Atsushi Fujii

Atsushi Fujii (藤井 淳志, born May 20, 1981) is a retired Japanese professional outfielder. He spent his career playing for the Chunichi Dragons in Japan's Nippon Professional Baseball.
# Woody Davis

Woodrow Wilson Davis (April 25, 1913 – July 18, 1999), nicknamed "Babe", was an American Major League Baseball pitcher who played in two games for the Detroit Tigers in 1938.
# Aliya Bukhari

Aliya Bukhari (Urdu: عالیہ بخاری) is a Pakistani novelist and screenwriter. She started her career through Khawateen digest and has written many popular novels and plays. Most of her novels and stories has been adapted to television plays, including Dil-e-Muztar which earned her wide spread acclaim and recognition. She has been also praised for her series Mere Qatil Mere Dildar, Mausam and Maana Ka Gharana.

## Selected work
### Books

* Titli Ki Uraan
* Shehr e Ashob
* Deewar-e-Shab
* Khushbo Ka Safar
* Khuwab Saraaye

### Dramas

* Jaan Sey Pyara Juni - Hum TV
* Khamoshi - Hum TV
* Mere Qatil Mere Dildar - Hum TV
* Dil-e-Muztar - Hum TV
* Aahista Aahista - Hum TV
* Mausam - Hum TV
* Maana Ka Gharana - Hum TV
* Deewar-e-Shab - Hum TV
* Qaraar - Hum TV
* Yun Tu Hai Pyar Bohut - Hum TV
* Bebasi - Hum TV
* Aadat

### Telefilms

* Jeena Hai Mushkil

## Awards and nominations

* 2012: Hum Award for Best Writer Drama Serial - Mere Qatil Mere Dildar (nom)
* 2013: Hum Award for Best Writer Drama Serial - Dil-e-Muztar (nom)
# Werner Neumann

Werner Neumann (21 January 1905, Königstein – 24 April 1991, Leipzig) was a German musicologist. He founded the Bach-Archiv Leipzig on 20 November 1950 and was a principal editor of the Neue Bach-Ausgabe, the second edition of the complete works of Johann Sebastian Bach.

## Professional career

Neumann studied at the Conservatory of Leipzig from 1928 to 1930, and at the University of Leipzig from 1928 to 1933, besides Musicology also Philosophy, Psychology and Romance studies. He wrote his thesis in 1938 on Bach's choral fugue, "J. S. Bachs Chorfuge. Ein Beitrag zur Kompositionstechnik Bachs". He worked as a teacher from 1934 to 1940 and served the military for five years. From 1945 to 1950 he worked as a freelance teacher, writer on music and teacher at the Musikhochschule Leipzig.
After the Deutsche Bachfeier 1950, the bicentennial of Bach, he founded the Bach-Archiv Leipzig for documentation and research, which he presided until 1973, achieving international recognition.
From 1953 to 1974 Neumann was, together with Alfred Dürr, editor of the Bach-Jahrbuch (Bach almanach), writing several contributions himself. He started in 1951 to lead the East German section of the Neue Bach-Ausgabe, the second complete edition of Bach's works, whereas Dürr was the director of the West German section. Neumann added several volumes of cantatas to the project.
In 1974 Neumann became a member of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften [de], the Saxonian Academy of Sciences.

## Awards

* 1954 Title "Professor" in recognition of his research of Bach and his merits as the director of the Bach-Archiv Leipzig
* 1968 Vaterländischer Verdienstorden [de] in Bronze
* 1973 National Prize of East Germany
* 1981 Vaterländischer Verdienstorden in Silver

## Selected publications

* Johann Sebastian Bachs Chorfuge, 1938, 1950
* Handbuch der Kantaten J. S. Bachs, 1947 (Handbook of the Bach cantatas)
* Katechismus der Musik (Lobe-Neumann), 1949
* Auf den Lebenswegen J. S. Bachs, 1953
* J. S. Bachs sämtliche Kantantentexte, 1956, 1967 (complete texts of the Bach cantatas)
* Bach-Dokumente, volume 1–4 (Neumann-Schulze), 1963 to 1979
* Bach, Eine Bildbiographie (Bach and His World (Pictorial Biography)), 1961
* Das kleine Bachbuch, 1971 and 1985
* Sämtliche von J. S. Bach vertonte Texte, 1974 (complete texts composed by Bach)
* Neue Bach-Ausgabe, 1954 to 1969 (cantatas' music volumes and critical reviews)
* Faksimile-Reihe Bachscher Werke und Schriftstücke (facsimiles of Bach's works and documents)
Neumann wrote liner notes, articles for magazines, reviews, essays, music editions.
# Lyttelton (steam tug)

Lyttelton, built in 1907 as Canterbury is a historic steam tug in Lyttelton, New Zealand. She was ordered by the Lyttelton Harbour Board in 1906 as a replacement for the earlier iron paddle tug Lyttelton, built in 1878.

## History

Built by the Ferguson Brothers firm in Port Glasgow, Scotland, she was able to reach a maximum speed of 12.414 knots (22.991 km/h; 14.286 mph) during her sea trials. She left Port Glasgow on 2 July 1907 with a crew of 15 for a 69-day voyage through the Suez Canal to reach New Zealand, arriving on 10 September. After a brief period of painting and preparation for service, on 18 September she was handed over to the harbour board, serving not just as the harbor's tug but also as its pilot boat and as a fireboat. She was berthed at No.2 wharf, where she has been based most of her life. In August 1911, with the soon to be arrival of the suction dredge Canterbury, the Lyttelton Harbour Board approved for the change of the vessel's name to her current Lyttelton, with the change being formalized in October 1911.
In 1913, she drew crowds bringing in the battlecruiser HMS New Zealand into harbour; and in 1920 assisting the battlecruiser HMS Renown, carrying Edward, Prince of Wales, into the harbour.
In 1939, the tug was relegated to secondary roles following the arrival of the larger tug Lyttelton II. On 29 December 1940 the ferry Rangatira ran aground at in dense fog. Shortly after her grounding, Lyttelton and the Union Company cargo vessel Waimarino, neither of which had radar, located Rangatira aground in Pigeon Bay. After Waimarino unloaded the 750 passengers of Rangatira, Lyttelton along with the assistance of another Union Company vessel, Karitane, helped the ferry float free at high tide.
Following the beginning of World War II, in 1942 the tug was requisitioned for service by the Royal New Zealand Navy, being armed with Bren guns and depth charges, and given the prefix HMNZS Lyttelton of a commissioned warship. By 1944, she returned to port service as Lyttelton.
In 1971, following the introduction of the new tug Canterbury, it was decided to retire Lyttelton. Following this, she was leased for the sum of $2 a year to the "Tug Lyttelton Preservation Society", being preserved as a museum ship. In 1989 the tug was gifted to the society by the Lyttelton Harbour Board. She is still in operation, being maintained and operated by the society.
Lyttelton is one of three operating steam-powered ships in New Zealand, alongside the tug William C Daldy in Auckland and TSS Earnslaw on Lake Wakatipu.
# Couroupita

Couroupita is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lecythidaceae first described as a genus in 1775. It is native to tropical South America and Central America.

## Species

* Couroupita guianensis - Cannonball tree -Guyana, Colombia, Ecuador east to Amapá and south to Bolivia; naturalized in the West Indies as well as in Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Andaman & Nicobar
* Couroupita nicaraguarensis – Bala de cañón, coco de mono, paraíso, zapote de mico, or zapote de mono -Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Honduras, Panama
* Couroupita subsessilis - northern Brazil, northern Peru
# Victor Baynard Woolley

Victor Baynard Woolley (March 29, 1867 – February 22, 1945) was a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit.

## Education and career

Born in Wilmington, Delaware, Woolley received a Bachelor of Science degree from Delaware College (now the University of Delaware) in 1885. For a time he studied at Harvard Law School, but he read law to enter the bar in 1890. He was a prothonotary for the Superior Court of New Castle County, Delaware from 1895 to 1901. He was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Delaware from 1900 to 1914.

## Federal judicial service

On August 7, 1914, Woolley was nominated by President Woodrow Wilson to a seat on the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit vacated by Judge George Gray. Woolley was confirmed by the United States Senate on August 12, 1914, and received his commission the same day. He assumed senior status on May 1, 1938, serving in that capacity until his death on February 22, 1945.
# John R. Padova

John R. Padova (born May 7, 1935) is a senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania.

## Education and career

Padova was born in Philadelphia. He received an Artium Baccalaureus degree from Villanova University in 1956 and a Juris Doctor from Temple University School of Law in 1959. He was in private practice in Philadelphia from 1960 to 1992, also serving in the United States Army, United States Army National Guard of New Jersey from 1959 to 1964 and in the United States Army Reserve, JAG Corps from 1964 to 1968.

### Federal judicial service

On November 5, 1991, Padova was nominated by President George H. W. Bush to a new seat on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania created by 104 Stat. 5089. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on March 13, 1992, and received his commission on March 18, 1992. He assumed senior status on February 11, 2008.