OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Shwethaungyan Subtownship

Shwethaungyan Subtownship (Burmese: ရွှေသောင်ယံမြို့နယ်ခွဲ), also spaced out as Shwe Thaung Yan, is a subtownship in Pathein District, Ayeyarwady Region, Myanmar. The subtownship is split between Pathein Township and Thabaung Township; it has a total area of 178.50 square miles (462.3 km$^2$), with 153.16 square miles (396.7 km$^2$) in Pathein and 25.34 square miles (65.6 km$^2$) in Thabaung.

## Communities

The namesake of the subtownship is the town of Shwethaungyan, within Pathein Township. Shwethaungyan is home to a mangrove forest formed from the Magyi tidal cheek. The town has is divided into 3 urban wards with a total area of 1.48 square miles (3.8 km$^2$).
The largest town is Chaungtha, a beach resort popular with locals or weekend travellers from Yangon. In 2014, Chaungtha had total population of 3,077 people. The surrounding village tract around Chaungtha, had 27,941 people. In 2023, Chaungtha's village tract had 23,356 people.
The village of Phoe Htaung Gyaing, north of Shwethaungyan, lies near tidal seagrass meadows where seagrasses are exposed to air in low tides.
The village of Magyizin, near the Rakhine border, was the first village in Ayeyarwady Region to be captured by anti-junta forces during the 2020s Myanmar civil war. On 10 January, it was taken by the Arakan Army and joint allied forces.

## Geography

The subtownship is coastal, bordering the Bay of Bengal to its west. To its north, it borders Gwa Township, Rakhine State. To its south and east, it borders the remaining parts of Pathein Township and Thabaung Township.
Outside of its coastal areas, the subtownship is largely undeveloped and is home to a diverse variety of flora and fauna. The 39 primary tree species identified within the Pathein township portion include trees include hardwoods like teak and Burmese ironwood, fruit trees like mango and tamarind as well as coastal trees like Coconut trees. The Thabaung Township region has trees including pyinkado, Indian laurel, rattan, mango, and several varieties of jackfruit trees. Prominent animals in the subtownship include elephants, peacocks, pythons, gaur, black bears, iguana and myna birds.
Unlike most of Ayeyarwady Region, Shwethaungyan Subtownship's primary industry is not rice agriculture due to the area consisting of the Arakan Mountains and narrow coastal lands. Oil seed crops are the main crop cultivated.
# Primogenic Effect

In inorganic chemistry, the Primogenic Effect describes the change in excited state manifolds for first row vs second and third row metal complexes. The effect is used to rationalize the ability or inability of certain metal complexes to function as photosensitizers, which in turn is relevant to photocatalysis.
Complexes of the type [M(2,2’-bipyridine)$_3$]$^{2+}$ are low spin for M$^{2+}$ = Fe(II), Ru(II), and Os(II). These species have similar ground state properties: they are diamagnetic and undergo reversible oxidation to the trications. As a consequence of the Primogenic Effect, the first excited state for [Fe(bipy)$_3$]$^{2+}$ is a ligand field state (LF state) with a high spin configuration. Such LF states characteristically decay to the ground state rapidly (femtoseconds). By contrast, for [Ru(bipy)$_3$]$^{2+}$ and [Os(bipy)$_3$]$^{2+}$, the first excited state is charge-transfer in character. Bonding in this kind of excited state can be described as [M$^{III}$(bipy$^−$)(bipy)$_2$]$^{2+}$, i.e. an oxidized metal ion bound to one bipy radical anion as well as two ordinary bipy ligands. Such charge-separated states have relatively long lifetimes of 900 (Ru) and 25 (Os) nanoseconds. Nanosecond lifetimes are sufficiently long that these excited states can participate in bimolecular reactions, i.e. they can photosensitize. One consequence of the primogenic effect is that first-row metals are usually incapable of serving as photosensitizers. This failure is unfortunate because first row metals are far cheaper than second and third row metals.
The origin of the Primogenic Effect is traced to the presence (2nd and 3rd row metals) or absence (1st row metals) of a radial nodes in the wave functions of the valence d orbitals.
# Smin Upakaung the Elder

Smin Upakaung the Elder (Burmese: သမိန် ဥပါကောင်း, Burmese pronunciation:; c. 1380s–1401) was a Hanthawaddy commander who fought in the Second Ava–Hanthawaddy War. A son-in-law of King Razadarit, the commander died in action in the battle of Myede at the beginning of the war in 1401. He was the elder brother of Smin Bayan and the first husband of Princess Tala Mi Saw.

## Brief

Smin Upakaung was a Mon language title worn by successive commanders in the service of the monarchs of Hanthawaddy Pegu. This article is about the first of three Smin Upakaungs mentioned in the royal chronicles.
Chronicles provide little information about his background except that he was married to Princess Tala Mi Saw by 1401. His personal name is not known. By the start of the Second Ava–Hanthawaddy War, he was known by his title of Smin Upakaung and served as a minister (အမတ်, amat) at the court of his father-in-law King Razadarit.
His wartime career was short. When the war began in November 1401, Upakaung commanded one of the three vanguard flotillas, under the overall command of Gen. Byat Za, that invaded the northern kingdom of Ava. His deputy commander was his younger brother Athayi. When the Hanthawaddy armada reached Myede, the invaders disembarked, and tried to take the fortified town. Upakaung subsequently was killed by an enemy gunshot from atop the walls of the town, and the attack was called off soon after.
His brother Athayi took over the command after his death, and was noticed for his effective commandership. After the first dry season campaign was over, c. May 1402, King Razadarit not only awarded Athayi the title of Smin Upakaung but also married off Princess Tala Mi Saw to the new Upakaung.
# Ramsey cardinal

In mathematics, a Ramsey cardinal is a certain kind of large cardinal number introduced by Erdős & Hajnal (1962) and named after Frank P. Ramsey, whose theorem, called Ramsey's theorem establishes that ω enjoys a certain property that Ramsey cardinals generalize to the uncountable case.
Let [κ]$^{<ω}$ denote the set of all finite subsets of κ. A cardinal number κ is called Ramsey if, for every function
    f: [κ]$^{<ω}$ → {0, 1}
there is a set A of cardinality κ that is homogeneous for f. That is, for every n, the function f is constant on the subsets of cardinality n from A. A cardinal κ is called ineffably Ramsey if A can be chosen to be a stationary subset of κ. A cardinal κ is called virtually Ramsey if for every function
    f: [κ]$^{<ω}$ → {0, 1}
there is C, a closed and unbounded subset of κ, so that for every λ in C of uncountable cofinality, there is an unbounded subset of λ that is homogenous for f; slightly weaker is the notion of almost Ramsey where homogenous sets for f are required of order type λ, for every λ < κ.
The existence of any of these kinds of Ramsey cardinal is sufficient to prove the existence of 0$^#$, or indeed that every set with rank less than κ has a sharp. This in turn implies the falsity of the Axiom of Constructibility of Kurt Gödel.
Every measurable cardinal is a Ramsey cardinal, and every Ramsey cardinal is a Rowbottom cardinal.
A property intermediate in strength between Ramseyness and measurability is existence of a κ-complete normal non-principal ideal I on κ such that for every A ∉ I and for every function
    f: [κ]$^{<ω}$ → {0, 1}
there is a set B ⊂ A not in I that is homogeneous for f. This is strictly stronger than κ being ineffably Ramsey.

## Definition by κ-models

A regular cardinal κ is Ramsey if and only if for any set A ⊂ κ, there is a transitive set M ⊨ ZFC$^−$ (i.e. ZFC without the axiom of powerset) of size κ with A ∈ M, and a nonprincipal ultrafilter U on the Boolean algebra P(κ) ∩ M such that:
* U is an M-ultrafilter: for any sequence ⟨X$_β$ : β < κ⟩ ∈ M of members of U, the diagonal intersection ΔX$_β$ = {α < κ : ∀β < α(α ∈ X$_β$)} ∈ U,
* U is weakly amenable: for any sequence ⟨X$_β$ : β < κ⟩ ∈ M of subsets of κ, the set {β < κ : X$_β$ ∈ U} ∈ M, and
* U is σ-complete: the intersection of any countable family of members of U is again in U.
# Walter Griffith (cricketer)

Walter Griffith (9 January 1915 – 6 July 1983) was a Guyanese cricketer. He played in six first-class matches for British Guiana from 1938 to 1948.
# Karcag

Karcag (Hungarian pronunciation:) is a large town in Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county, in the Northern Great Plain region of central Hungary.

## Geography

Karcag covers an area of 368.63 km$^2$ (142 sq mi) and has a population of 20,632 people (2011).

## Transport

Karcag has its own railway station, but InterCity trains do not stop here.

## Politics

The current mayor of Karcag is László Dobos (Fidesz-KDNP).
The local Municipal Assembly, elected at the 2019 local government elections, is made up of 12 members (1 Mayor, 8 Individual constituencies MEPs and 3 Compensation List MEPs) divided into this political parties and alliances:
| Party | Seats | Current Municipal Assembly |
| Fidesz-KDNP | 9 | M |
| Jobbik | 2 | |
| Momentum Movement | 1 | |

## Twin towns – sister cities

Karcag is twinned with:
* Cristuru Secuiesc, Romania (1990)
* Kunszentmiklós, Hungary (2009)
* Lazdijai, Lithuania (2004)
* Lednice, Czech Republic (2006)
* Merki District, Kazakhstan (1998)
* Moldava nad Bodvou, Slovakia (1998)
* Schwarzheide, Germany (2004)
* Stara Moravica (Bačka Topola), Serbia (1994)

## Notable people

* István Varró [fr] (died in 1770), the last speaker of the Cuman language
* Colonel Michael de Kovats (1724–1779), the father of the US cavalry, a Hungarian hussar was born in Karcag
* Gyula (Julius) Németh (1890–1976), Hungarian Turkologist, linguist
* Avram Hershko (born 1937), Israeli biochemist and Nobel laureate in Chemistry
* Margit Sebők (1939–2000), painter and educator
* Kevin Varga (born 1996), footballer
* Mihály Varga (born 1965), politician, since 2013 Minister of National Economy
* Suzi Diamond, Holocaust survivor.
# Nandua High School

Nandua High School is a public high school in Accomack County, Virginia. It is one of three high schools in Accomack County Public Schools. It was created in 1984, with the merger of Onancock and Central high schools. The school is named after a Native American princess of the Powhatan Tribe in the 17th century.

## Academics

NHS ranks among the top 8,200 public high schools in America, 181st in Virginia, and 2nd in ACPS. 21% of students participate in AP courses. The graduation rate is 92%.
# Adam Khan Kili

Adam Khan Kili (Urdu: عدم خان کلی) is a town in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan. It is located at 32°19'55N 70°7'30E with an altitude of 677 metres (2224 feet).
# Trendalyzer

Trendalyzer is an information visualization software program for animation of statistics that was initially developed by Hans Rosling's Gapminder Foundation in Sweden. In March 2007 it was acquired by Google Inc. The current beta version is a Flash application that is preloaded with statistical and historical data about the development of the countries of the world.
The information visualization technique used by Trendalyzer is an interactive bubble chart. By default it shows five variables: Two numeric variables on the X and Y axes, bubble size and colour, and a time variable that may be manipulated with a slider. The software uses brushing and linking techniques for displaying the numeric value of a highlighted country.
Components of the Trendalyzer software, particularly the Flash-based Motion Chart gadget, have become available for public use as part of the Google Visualizations API (see ).

## Similar projects

* Trend Compass (flash)
* Eurostat explorer (flash)
# Uroš Momić

Uroš Momić (Serbian: Урош Момић; born 26 March 1992), commonly known as Momo is a Serbian footballer who plays as a forward for Radnički Pirot. During the 2019-20 Utica City season, he was introduced by his nickname Momo, and he made the MASL All-Rookie Honorable Mention.
# Felix Batista

Felix I. Batista (disappeared 10 December 2008) is a Cuban-American anti-kidnapping expert and former U.S. Army major who has negotiated resolution to nearly 100 kidnapping and ransom cases, dozens of them in Mexico. Batista was a consultant for Houston, Texas-based security firm ASI Global. In December 2008, he was kidnapped in Mexico.

## Kidnapping

On 10 December 2008, Batista was kidnapped outside a restaurant in Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico by unknown assailants while there to speak and give anti-kidnapping advice.
Batista was working as a negotiator to secure the release of a friend of his, while he was in a restaurant with several other people he received a phone call advising that the victim had been released and a car was being sent for him. As Batista left the restaurant he was forced into a Jeep by a group of four people who had been waiting for him. An hour later the kidnapping victim was released.
Since then, no one has had any communication with him and no one has ever claimed responsibility for his kidnapping as of September 2024.
A statement from Batista's family said there was no sign of violence at the scene.
# Budd Root

Budd Root (born 1958) is an American cartoonist, and creator of the independent comic book Cavewoman, published by Root's company Basement Comics / Amryl Entertainment. Root is one of the premiere contemporary "good girl" artists, with an art style similar to Art Adams.'

## Biography

Root was born in Heidelberg, Germany, on a United States Army military base. Thanks to his grandfather, comics were a major influence during his youth. Joining the United States Marines, Root worked in supply, achieving the rank of corporal. During his time in the service, the Marine Corps' graphic arts department utilized his art skills for drawing tanks and airplanes for internal presentations.
In 1993, after leaving the Marines, Root attempted to get into the comics industry. After repeatedly being rejected by Marvel Comics and the mainstream companies, Root happened to meet author James Robert Smith at Smith's comic book store. Smith gave Root his first paid work, illustrating "James Gang" and "Johnny Thirteen" stories in James Gang #1, published by London Night Studios. The one issue of James Gang sold poorly; so poorly, in fact, that Root was paid in King Kong collectible cards from Smith's comic book store.
Nonetheless, that first taste of getting published proved irresistible to Root and he was hooked on comics. Pooling money with his wife Leslie, he formed Basement Comics and self-published the first issue of Cavewoman in 1993. The book has proven to be extremely successful, spanning many issues, specials, and one-shots; and has since gone on to be published by Caliber Press and Avatar Press, in addition to Basement Comics.

## Awards

Root's one-shot Cavewoman: Jungle Tales, was nominated for a 1999 Ignatz Award for Outstanding Story.
# Llamado de Emergencia

"Llamado de Emergencia" (English: "Emergency Call") is the second single by Puerto Rican reggaeton artist Daddy Yankee from the soundtrack to the motion picture Talento de Barrio, released on September 23, 2008, by El Cartel Records. It is the third released promo single and second official single.
As part of Daddy Yankee's goal to experiment with different latin musical styles, the song is a fusion of reggaeton and even Colombian styles of vallenato.

## Music video

The music video features Daddy Yankee waiting in a car, with his soon-to-be next single, "¿Qué Tengo Que Hacer?" playing. A woman shows up to his car, revealed to be his girlfriend, having arrived late. She and him start having an argument in a car. Soon afterwards, Yankee pulls out and gets into a car crash, leaving fatal injuries on his girlfriend. It is soon reported to 9-1-1, leaving Yankee to only reminisce about the memories he has of them spending time together, later going to her funeral to bring flowers to her body, but seeing her in a chair, crying. He then goes to see the body, and it is revealed he is the one who has died. Remembering everything, he awakes in the car that he was at the start, with her coming up to the car again, revealing it was a dream. This time he does not argue with her. The video was directed by Luis Enrique.

## Charts

| Chart (2008–09) | Peak position |
| Chile Airplay (Los 40) | 1 |
| Colombia Airplay (EFE) | 1 |
| El Salvador (EFE) | 9 |
| Honduras Airplay (EFE) | 1 |
| Mexico Airplay (Billboard) | 39 |
| Mexican Pop Airplay (Billboard) | 21 |
| Nicaragua Airplay (EFE) | 3 |
| U.S. Billboard Hot Latin Songs | 17 |
| U.S. Billboard Latin Tropical Airplay | 2 |
| U.S. Billboard Latin Rhythm Airplay | 3 |
| U.S. Billboard Latin Pop Airplay | 33 |
| Venezuela Top 100 (RecordReport) | 2 |
# Freimans

A.J. Freiman Limited, or Freimans (/ˈfriːmənz/ FREE-mənz), was a landmark department store at 73 Rideau Street in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, founded in 1918 by Archibald J. Freiman.

## History

Archibald Jacob Freiman was born in Lithuania in 1880, and emigrated to Hamilton, Ontario. Freimans rose to become the most successful department store in Ottawa because of its prominent location at Mosgrove and Rideau Streets, its aggressive marketing and its low prices. The company also operated stores in Westgate and St. Laurent Shopping Centres, as well as discount stores called Freimart in Shoppers City West and Shoppers City East.
Then owned by A.J. Freiman's son, Lawrence (who wrote a book about the store), Hudson's Bay Company acquired the company in 1972 and rebranded to The Bay in 1973. The former Freimans store still operates as a retail store of The Bay, and an adjoining arcade linking Rideau Street to the Byward Market is named the Freiman Mall in honour of the longtime Ottawa retailer. In addition, the laneway around the north side of the nearby National Arts Centre which provides access to the box office has been named Lawrence Freiman Lane.
Freimans was also the centre of an important battle against anti-semitism. In the 1930s, Ottawa police officer Jean Tissot, affiliated with Adrien Arcand's fascist movement, attempted to rally Christian Canadians to boycott Jewish businesses. Freimans, as the most prominent Jewish owned business in Ottawa was at the centre of his attacks. As a result, Freiman filed suit against Tissot, who was subsequently found guilty of criminal libel. The staunch condemnations of Tissot in the mainstream press and the utter failure of his movement to find support among the people led to a sound defeat for anti-semitism in Ottawa.
# Thomas Zebrowski

Thomas Zebrowski (Lithuanian: Tomas Žebrauskas, Polish: Tomasz Żebrowski; November 24, 1714 in Samogitia – March 18, 1758 in Vilnius) was a Lithuanian Jesuit architect, mathematician, and astronomer. He was instrumental in establishing and funding the Observatory of Vilnius University. Marcin Odlanicki Poczobutt was among his students.

## Biography

Zebrowski studied philosophy and theology at Vilnius University. He briefly taught at Jesuit schools in Kražiai, Ilūkste, and Babruysk and prepared construction projects for churches in these towns. They displayed features of Baroque churches in Vilnius. He also designed the Jesuit school in Zhodishki [be], houses for nobles, and other buildings. Though documentary evidence is lacking, it is suspected that Zebrowski was also involved in construction of churches in Minsk and Płock, as well as the Oginski residence in Ručyca [be] (Hanuta) village.
After studying at Charles University in Prague under Joseph Stepling in 1750–52, Zebrowski returned to Vilnius, becoming a popular lecturer of physics and astronomy at Vilnius University. He was also interested in geodesy, horology, mineralogy, geography. However, his major passion was astronomy and he pursued funding for an observatory. The construction was funded by Elżbieta Ogińska-Puzynina, while Mikolaj Radziwill and bishop Józef Sapieha donated 13.5-centimetre (5.3 in) and 10-centimetre (3.9 in) diameter reflector telescopes manufactured in Germany. Zebrowski designed the observatory; its construction began in 1753.
# Louis, Duke of Burgundy (1751–1761)

Louis Joseph Xavier, Duke of Burgundy (13 September 1751 – 22 March 1761), was a French prince of the House of Bourbon, and as such was second-in-line to the throne of France, ranking behind his father, the Dauphin Louis, himself the son of Louis XV and his popular Queen, Marie Leszczyńska. Although Louis was his parents' first son to be born alive, he died of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis at the young age of nine. As a result of his untimely death, all three of his three younger brothers - Louis Auguste, Louis Stanislas, and Charles Philippe - became kings of France.

## Early life

Louis Joseph Xavier, styled duke of Burgundy from birth, was born at the Palace of Versailles on September 13 1751. He was the second surviving child and eldest son of Louis, Dauphin of France and Maria Josepha of Saxony, and was thus the oldest brother to the future kings Louis XVI, Louis XVIII and Charles X. A Te Deum was performed in Notre-Dame to celebrate his birth.
Regarded as the most capable of his brothers, the Duke was the favorite child of his parents. He was said to be handsome and bright.
Like his siblings, he was cared for by Madame de Marsan, the Governess of the Children of France. Later, the Duke of Vauguyon was named his governor. He was much loved by those who were close to him, especially his older sister Marie Zéphyrine, who died at the age of five in 1755. It is unknown if the Duke, who was not even four years old yet, was affected by this.

## Death

Around 1760, the young Duke developed a limp and it was presumed that he fell, but he refused to reveal how. He later confessed that he was pushed by one of his playmates but did not tell anyone to prevent his friend from getting into any trouble. After the incident, an abscess emerged and the Duke's health began to deteriorate quickly. He underwent painful surgery but his condition did not improve.
Knowing that he would die, the Dauphin had him baptised on 29 November 1760 as Louis Xavier Charles Prince of France, with Louis XV and Marie Leszczyńska, his grandparents, as his godparents. Until that moment, he had been known just as "Burgundy". By 1761, the Duke was bound to his bed, unable to move his legs, with what was diagnosed as extra pulmonary tuberculosis of the bone. His younger brother, the future Louis XVI, served as his companion in the last few months of his life. After "excruciating suffering", the Duke died on 22 March 1761 at 9 years old.

## Ancestors

Ancestors of Louis, Duke of Burgundy (1751–1761) :
# Outi Tarkiainen

Outi Tarkiainen (b. February 7, 1985) is a Finnish composer of contemporary classical music. Tarkiainen grew up in Rovaniemi, the capital and commercial center of the Finnish Lapland region. She studied composition with Eero Hämeenniemi and Veli-Matti Puumala at the Sibelius Academy in Helsinki, with Ron Miller at the University of Miami, and with Malcolm Singer at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama in London.

## List of works
### Opera

* A Room of One's Own (2021)
* Upcoming project with librettist Aleksi Barrière

### Orchestra

* Midnight Sun Variations (2019)
* Songs of the Ice (2019)
* The Ring of Fire and Love (2020)
* Mosaics (2021)
* Polar Pearls (2023)

### Concertante

* Saivo (2016) for soprano saxophone and orchestra
* Milky Ways (2022) for Cor anglais and orchestra

### Song cycles

* The Earth, Spring's Daughter (2015) - for mezzo-soprano and chamber orchestra
* The Lustful Mother (2018) for baritone, piano, and string orchestra

### Wind ensemble

* Joye (2017)

### Chamber music

* Beaivi (2016)
* Siimes (2017)
* There is more light in this room when you are here (2018)
* They Walked Side by Side (2018)
* The Lustful Mother's Heart (2020)
* Without a Trace (2020)
* Woodland Fanfares (2021)
* Tenderness (2022)
* The Seasons of Love (2023)