# Gongliu County

Gongliu County (Chinese: 巩留县) as the official romanized name, also transliterated from Uyghur as Tokkuztara County (Uyghur: توققۇزتارا ناھىيىسى; Chinese: 特克斯塔留县), is a county situated within the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture. It contains an area of 4,119 km$^2$ (1,590 sq mi). According to the 2002 census, it has a population of 160,000.

## Name

The place was originally named Tokkuztara, meaning "nine streams" because branches of the Ili River merged in the area. When a county was set up in 1932, Gongliu was chosen as the official name, which is an abbreviation of Gonggu Changliu ("巩固长留"), literally Stability and Long-lasting.

## Administrative divisions

Gongliu County is divided into 6 towns and 2 townships.
| Name | Simplified Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin | Uyghur (UEY) | Uyghur Latin (ULY) | Kazakh (Arabic script) | Number of communities | Population (thousand) | Land area (km2) |
| Towns |||||||
| Toqquztara Town | 巩留镇 | Gǒngliú Zhèn | توققۇزتارا بازىرى | toqquztara baziri | توعىزتاراۋ قالاشىعى | 7 | 24.7 | 29 |
| Aqtobek Town | 阿克吐别克镇 | Ākètǔbiékè Zhèn | ئاقتۆبەك بازىرى | Aqtöbek baziri | اقتۇبەك قالاشىعى | 6 | 9.7 | 613.3 |
| Kongdeneng Town | 库尔德宁镇 | Kù'ěrdéníng Zhèn | كۆلدەنەڭ بازىرى | köldeneng baziri | كولدەنەڭ قالاشىعى | 7 | 9.8 | 568 |
| Dongmehelle Town | 东买里镇 | Dōngmǎilǐ Zhèn | دۆڭمەھەللە بازىرى | döngmehelle baziri | دوڭمالى قالاشىعى | 8 | 27 | 317 |
| Agharsin Town | 阿尕尔森镇 | Āgǎ'ěrsēn Zhèn | ئاغارسىن بازىرى | Agharsin baziri | اعارسىن قالاشىعى | 9 | 21.5 | 714 |
| Tikeriq Town | 提克阿热克镇 | Tíkè'ārèkè Zhèn | تىكئېرىق بازىرى | tik'ëriq baziri | تىكارىق قالاشىعى | 8 | 13.7 | 426.7 |
| Townships |||||||
| Jirghilang Township | 吉尔格郎乡 | Jí'ěrgéláng Xiāng | جىرغالاڭ يېزىسى | jirghalang yëzisi | جىرعالاڭ اۋىلى | 6 | 6.6 | 420 |
| Tashtope Township | 塔斯托别乡 | Tǎsītuōbié Xiāng | تاشتۆپە يېزىسى | tashtöpe yëzisi | تاستوبە اۋىلى | 8 | 23.3 | 414 |
Note:
* 1. On October 21, 2014, with the approval of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region People's Government, the original Dongmahalla Township was renamed Dongmahalla Town.
* 2. In 2013, with the approval of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region People's Government, the original Agarsin Township was renamed Agarsin Town.
* 3. On July 13, 2016, with the approval of the People's Government of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, the original Tikirik Township was renamed Tikirik Town.
* 4. On January 24, 2013, with the approval of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region People's Government, it was renamed the original "Muhur Township" Koldeneng Town.

## Climate

Climate data for Gongliu (1991–2020 normals) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −1.0 (30.2) | 2.3 (36.1) | 11.5 (52.7) | 20.4 (68.7) | 24.7 (76.5) | 28.2 (82.8) | 30.2 (86.4) | 29.4 (84.9) | 25.3 (77.5) | 18.2 (64.8) | 8.9 (48.0) | 1.1 (34.0) | 16.6 (61.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −8.8 (16.2) | −4.6 (23.7) | 4.5 (40.1) | 12.4 (54.3) | 17.0 (62.6) | 20.7 (69.3) | 22.2 (72.0) | 20.9 (69.6) | 16.1 (61.0) | 9.1 (48.4) | 1.9 (35.4) | −5.5 (22.1) | 8.8 (47.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −14.7 (5.5) | −10.3 (13.5) | −1.3 (29.7) | 5.6 (42.1) | 10.2 (50.4) | 14.0 (57.2) | 15.2 (59.4) | 13.5 (56.3) | 8.6 (47.5) | 2.5 (36.5) | −2.9 (26.8) | −10.4 (13.3) | 2.5 (36.5) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 13.0 (0.51) | 16.0 (0.63) | 17.3 (0.68) | 34.1 (1.34) | 37.4 (1.47) | 44.4 (1.75) | 34.3 (1.35) | 28.9 (1.14) | 17.8 (0.70) | 21.5 (0.85) | 23.5 (0.93) | 16.8 (0.66) | 305 (12.01) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 7.2 | 7.7 | 7.7 | 9.0 | 10.0 | 11.2 | 9.9 | 8.7 | 6.2 | 6.5 | 7.5 | 8.2 | 99.8 |
| Average snowy days | 8.3 | 8.8 | 4.3 | 1.2 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.7 | 5.1 | 9.5 | 38 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 76 | 75 | 69 | 60 | 59 | 62 | 64 | 65 | 66 | 71 | 76 | 78 | 68 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 163.3 | 168.6 | 217.2 | 240.1 | 284.3 | 282.1 | 304.9 | 295.7 | 260.1 | 222.7 | 152.9 | 141.3 | 2,733.2 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 56 | 56 | 58 | 59 | 62 | 61 | 66 | 70 | 71 | 67 | 54 | 51 | 61 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration ||||||||||||||