OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Torredelcampo

Torredelcampo is a city located in the province of Jaén, Spain. The village is located 11 km northwest of Jaén, bordering the highway A-316, at 640 meters above sea level . According to the 2006 census (INE), the city has a population of 14,076 inhabitants.
# Vermont Route 112

Vermont Route 112 (VT 112) is a short 7.450-mile-long (11.990 km) state highway in southern Vermont, United States. It is a continuation of Massachusetts Route 112, running from the state line in Halifax north to an intersection with VT 100 in the village of Jacksonville. VT 112 runs in a northwest-southeast trajectory (signed north–south) and is entirely contained within Windham County.

## Route description

Vermont Route 112 begins in the south at the Massachusetts state border, where Massachusetts Route 112 crosses from Colrain, Massachusetts into Halifax, Vermont. The highway runs northwest, passing west of Halifax, and crossing into the town of Whitingham, where it meets the northern terminus of town-maintained Vermont Route 8A, itself a short northern extension of Massachusetts Route 8A. Route 112 continues to the northwest, passing directly into the village of Jacksonville, where it ends at an intersection with Route 100.

## Major intersections

The entire route is in Windham County.
| Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| Halifax | 0.000 | 0.000 | Route 112 south – Greenfield | Continuation from Massachusetts |
| Whitingham | 5.907 | 9.506 | VT 8A south – Charlemont MA | Northern terminus of VT 8A |
| Whitingham | 7.450 | 11.990 | VT 100 – Whitingham, Readsboro, Wilmington | Northern terminus; Village of Jacksonville |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi |||||
# 1840 Democratic National Convention

The 1840 Democratic National Convention was held in Baltimore, Maryland, from May 5 to May 6. The Democratic Party re-nominated President Martin Van Buren by acclamation, but failed to select a nominee for vice president. Van Buren is the only major party presidential nominee since the ratification of the Twelfth Amendment to seek election without a running mate. Dragged down by the unpopularity of the Panic of 1837, Van Buren was defeated by the Whig Party's ticket in the 1840 presidential election.

## Delegates

Delegates from 21 of 26 states were in attendance. States not in attendance were Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, South Carolina and Virginia.

## Platform

The 1840 convention was the first at which the party adopted a platform. Delegates reaffirmed their belief that the Constitution was the primary guide for each state's political affairs. To them, this meant that all roles of the federal government not specifically defined fell to each respective state government, including such responsibilities as debt created by local projects. Decentralized power and states' rights pervaded each and every resolution adopted at the convention, including those on slavery, taxes, and the possibility of a central bank. Regarding slavery, the Convention adopted the following resolution:
   Resolved, That congress has no power under the Constitution, to interfere with or control the domestic institutions of the several states, and that such states are the sole and proper judges of every thing appertaining to their own affairs, not prohibited by the Constitution: that all efforts of the abolitionists or others, made to induce congress to interfere with questions of slavery, or to take incipient steps in relation thereto, are calculated to lead to the most alarming and dangerous consequences, and that all such efforts have an inevitable tendency to diminish the happiness of the people, and endanger the stability and permanency of the Union, and ought not to be countenanced by any friend to our political institutions.

## Vice presidential nomination

Vice President Richard M. Johnson was not retained on the ticket, as he was largely seen as a liability in the 1836 election and had focused much of his time as vice president on his own economic affairs. Former president Andrew Jackson backed James K. Polk for the position of vice president, but Van Buren supported his vice president's renomination. The convention ultimately failed to nominate a running mate for Van Buren. Van Buren remains the only major party presidential nominee since the passage of the Twelfth Amendment to seek election without a running mate. Polk and Johnson would both receive electoral votes for vice president in the general election.
# 1838 in Spain

Events from the year 1838 in Spain.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Isabella II
* Regent: Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies
* Prime Minister:
** until 6 September: Narciso Fernández de Heredia, 2nd Count of Heredia-Spínola
** 6 September-9 December: Bernardino Fernández de Velasco, 14th Duke of Frías
** starting 9 December: Isidro de Alaix Fábregas (acting)

## Events

* June 20–22 - Battle of Peñacerrada
* October 1 - Battle of Maella

## Births

* April 10 - Nicolás Salmerón y Alonso

## Deaths

* September 1 - Gabriel de Mendizábal Iraeta
* Francisco Javier Venegas
# Bhai Pratap Dialdas

Bhai Pratap (Sindhi: ڀائي پرتاب ڏيئل داس) (April 14, 1908 – August 30, 1967), was an Indian businessman, philanthropist and freedom fighter, best remembered as the founder of the city of Gandhidham-Adipur to resettle refugees from Sindh after the partition of India and the creation of Pakistan in August 1947.
Pratap Moolchand Dialdas was born in Hyderabad, Bombay Presidency, British India on 14 April 1908 into an affluent family. Bhai Pratap was widely travelled and had established his businesses in India as well as internationally. His ethnic as well as international taste is reflected amply in Pratab Mahal, which also had a huge library with books from around the world. After the partition of India, he left along with his family for Bombay, India, and established a city for the displaced Sindhi Hindus. Actually it was two twin cities that he founded one next to the other by the names of Gandhidham and Adipur, as well as the Kandla Port, in Kutch.
Bhai Pratap died at the age of 59 in London on August 30, 1967. His body was brought to Adipur and cremated in the Nat Mandir compound where his samadhi was built adjacent to the Gandhi Samadhi.
# Torkamanchay

Torkamanchay (Persian: تركمانچای) is a city in the Central District of Torkamanchay County, East Azerbaijan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. It was the administrative center for Barvanan-e Markazi Rural District until its capital was transferred to the village of Khvajeh Ghias. A suburb of Mianeh, it is well known for the Treaty of Turkmenchay of 1828.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 6,434 in 1,645 households, when it was in Torkamanchay District of Mianeh County. The following census in 2011 counted 7,094 people in 1,984 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 7,443 people in 2,366 households.
In 2024, the district was separated from the county in the establishment of Torkamanchay County and renamed the Central District, with Torkamanchay as the new county's capital.
# Pornorama

Pornorama is a 2007 German comedy film directed by Marc Rothemund. The film describes the porn industry in Munich between the 60s and the 80s.

## Plot

It's the end of the 60s and Bennie Köpke (Tom Schilling) is training to be a police photographer despite wanting to be a film director. He lives with his mother in the prestigious Munich district of Ramersdorf and his swearing in ceremony is coming up in two weeks. At a demonstration, Bennie films rebellious teenagers in plain clothes and falls in love with Luzie (Karoline Herfurth) who lives in an activist commune. Problems arrive when Bennie's younger brother, Freddie (Benno Fürmann) shows up in desperate need of money and a simple solution: they film a pornographic film which Bennie directs.

## Cast

* Tom Schilling as Bennie Köpke
* Benno Fürmann as Freddie Köpke
* Karoline Herfurth as Luzie
* Valentina Lodovini as Gina Ferrari
* Michael Gwisdek as Filmvorführer
* Elke Winkens as Frau Schröder
* Leonie Brill as Emmelie
* Dieter Landuris as Césare
* Lisa Maria Potthoff as Irene
* Michael Schönborn as Hauptkommissar Wiesner
* Martin Glade as Lothar
# Guangzhou Opera House station

Guangzhou Opera House Station (Chinese: 大剧院站) is a metro station on the APM line of the Guangzhou Metro. It is located underground at the intersection of Huajiu Road (华就路), Zhujiang East Road (珠江东路) and Zhujiang West Road (珠江西路), to the northeast of Guangzhou Opera House and the northwest of the Guangdong Museum. It started operation on 8 November 2010.

## Station layout

| G | - | Exits |
| L1 | - | Parking lot of Huacheng Square |
| L2 Concourse | Lobby | Customer Service, Vending machines, ATMs |
| L3 Platforms | Platform 2 | APM towards Canton Tower (Haixinsha) |
| Island platform, doors will open on the left ||
| L3 Platforms | Platform 1 | APM towards Linhexi (Huacheng Dadao) |

## Exits

| Exit number | Exit number | Exit location |
| Exit B | Exit B | Huacheng Square |
| Exit E | Exit E | Huacheng Square |
# Mansionization

Mansionization is an urban planning term associated with the practice of building the largest possible size of home. It can result in demolishing smaller, older houses in neighborhoods and replacing them with brand new ones that occupy the maximum amount of lot space available and are much larger in comparison to the surrounding dwellings, changing the character of neighbourhoods.
Alternatively, it may refer to developments in areas that were formerly open land: in certain areas, building codes have increased the size of lots and therefore commercial pressures lead builders to make the largest possible homes, causing greater ecological damage and resulting in a reduction in affordable housing. The term is well known in Los Angeles, where many property owners have built new homes upward to mimic the skyscrapers-atmosphere that the city presents. The unequal design of these "mansions" to the still-standing homes creates issues of character within neighborhoods, as well as, issues of property value.
# Associate family

In differential geometry, the associate family (or Bonnet family) of a minimal surface is a one-parameter family of minimal surfaces which share the same Weierstrass data. That is, if the surface has the representation
    $x_{k}(\zeta )=\Re \left\{\int _{0}^{\zeta }\varphi _{k}(z)\,dz\right\}+c_{k},\qquad k=1,2,3$
the family is described by
    $x_{k}(\zeta ,\theta )=\Re \left\{e^{i\theta }\int _{0}^{\zeta }\varphi _{k}(z)\,dz\right\}+c_{k},\qquad \theta \in [0,2\pi ]$
where $\Re$ indicates the real part of a complex number.
For θ = π/2 the surface is called the conjugate of the θ = 0 surface.
The transformation can be viewed as locally rotating the principal curvature directions. The surface normals of a point with a fixed ζ remains unchanged as θ changes; the point itself moves along an ellipse.
Some examples of associate surface families are: the catenoid and helicoid family, the Schwarz P, Schwarz D and gyroid family, and the Scherk's first and second surface family. The Enneper surface is conjugate to itself: it is left invariant as θ changes.
Conjugate surfaces have the property that any straight line on a surface maps to a planar geodesic on its conjugate surface and vice versa. If a patch of one surface is bounded by a straight line, then the conjugate patch is bounded by a planar symmetry line. This is useful for constructing minimal surfaces by going to the conjugate space: being bound by planes is equivalent to being bound by a polygon.
There are counterparts to the associate families of minimal surfaces in higher-dimensional spaces and manifolds.
# Der Schwächste fliegt!

Der Schwächste fliegt! is the German version of the game show The Weakest Link, literally meaning The Weakest one flies (colloquial German for: is thrown out).
It was first broadcast on 19 March 2001, on RTL. The show premiered on weekdays at 3:00 pm and was hosted by Sonja Zietlow (who was already known for a tough-talking style on her self-titled talk show from previous years). Like the British version, the show pitted nine contestants against each other for a pot of DM 50,000 (which had to be donated to charity, the winner picking the exact recipient). But by September of that year, the show was sinking fast in the ratings, to try and counteract the situation, she treated the contestants with more respect. Previously, she had bullied the contestants with insults such as "Da wollen wir doch mal sehen, wer unsere kostbare Studioluft lang genug weggeatmet hat!" (Let's take a look: who has used up our valuable studio air long enough?)
The change in Sonja's behaviour did not save the show, and it was cancelled in December. In February 2002 (after the introduction of the euro as a physical currency), the show was given another chance in the late-night Saturday slot, this time with a newly revamped studio, that now featured an audience, and a higher prize of €50,000. This version lasted for only two months.
# Sandgate, Kent

Sandgate is a village in the Folkestone and Hythe Urban Area in the Folkestone and Hythe district of Kent, England. It had a population of 4,225 at the 2001 census. It is the site of Sandgate Castle, a Device Fort. H. G. Wells lived at Spade House, and it is also the birthplace of comedian Hattie Jacques. Sandgate is the location of the Shorncliffe Redoubt, a Napoleonic-era earthwork fort associated with Sir John Moore and the 95th Regiment of Foot, known as the 95th Rifles. St Paul's Church lies next to the Saga building, which is built on the site of Embrook House.
Sandgate was an urban district from 1894 to 1934 (having previously been part of Cheriton parish). It was added to Folkestone in 1934. In 2004, the village re-acquired civil parish status. The parish shares the boundaries of Folkestone Sandgate ward, at 2.17 km$^2$ (0.84 sq mi).
The Sandgate branch railway line was opened in 1874 and closed to passengers in 1951. Little of the infrastructure now remains, but it is still possible to see the remains of a tall overbridge at the bottom of Hospital Hill.
The Morcheeba song "The Sea" is written about the beachside bar 'Bar Vasa'. Sandgate Hotel appeared on the Channel 4 programme Ramsay's Kitchen Nightmares on 27 February 2006. Other pubs include The Ship Inn, The Providence Inne, The Clarendon Inn and The Royal Norfolk Hotel. The Brisbane suburb with the same name is named after the town. There is also a Brisbane suburb called Shorncliffe, which is adjacent to Sandgate.

## Sister cities

* Sangatte, France.

## Notable people

* Charles Daniel-Tyssen (1856–1940), cricketer and clergyman
* Hattie Jacques (1922–1980), comedy actress
# Sarre, Kent

Sarre is a village and civil parish in Thanet District in Kent, England. The village is a part of St. Nicholas-at-Wade ecclesiastical parish, after having lost the local church of St. Giles in Elizabethan times; the ecclesiastical parishes were subsequently combined. In its own right Sarre is an Ancient Parish. It has a population of 130, increasing to 222 at the 2011 Census.
Sarre is located at the point where the old 'Island Road' from Margate to Canterbury crossed the Wantsum Channel initially by a ferry and from the late Middle Ages by a bridge. The route of this bridge is followed by a short section of the modern A28 and is still marked on some maps as Sarre Wall.

## History
### Mediaeval

The important late Roman or early Anglo-Saxon Sarre Brooch was found near the village; it is now on display in the British Museum (near the Sutton Hoo finds), along with many other important early mediaeval artefacts from the same cemetery.
The coastal confederation of Cinque Ports during its mediaeval period consisted of a confederation of 42 towns and villages in all. Sarre was included, under the 'limb' of Sandwich, Kent.

### World War II

In July 1940 the village was turned into a model strong point by the 1st Canadian Pioneer Battalion. Within three weeks the village bristled with defences including fifteen casemates and a variety of flame traps, flame fougasses and other anti-tank devices.
The Canadian commander Andrew McNaughton later recalled: "I turned a pioneer battalion loose to fortify Sarre in every possible way. They took ladies' boudoirs and turned them into machine-gun posts without showing anything from the outside; I'm sure they never got the concrete out. There was a big building inside the village that had a hoist for casks. The boys arranged a big barrel of petroleum, with phosphorus bombs inside, that was all poised ready to swing. When a tank came through the village and slowed to make the turn they would just pull a catch and the barrel would smack the tank fair and square and go off with a great gust of flame."
While McNaughton was inspecting the defences in August 1940, the village was attacked from the air and three bombs were dropped. A cottage was hit killing one adult and two or three children.

## Today

The village has one public house, The Crown Inn – this being known locally as the 'Cherry Brandy House'. A special recipe of Cherry Brandy can be purchased from behind the bar. A second public house, the King's Head, had closed by 2010 and was sold privately.
The village mill (Sarre Windmill) was previously open to the public as a working windmill. Both the ground floor of the windmill and the mill shop became holiday accommodation. The surrounding buildings, including the Old Bakery and the Old Granary (which was originally thatched), have been sold privately and are now subdivided properties.
# Anund from Russia

Anund from Russia (Swedish: Anund Gårdske) was King of Sweden around 1070 according to Adam of Bremen's Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum. According to this source, Anund came from Kievan Rus', presumably from Aldeigjuborg. Gårdske means that he came from Gardariki which was one of the Scandinavian names for Kievan Rus'.
As a Christian he refused to carry out the public sacrifice to the Norse gods, presumably at the Temple at Uppsala, and was consequently deposed. He "left the Thing in joy, for having been found worthy to suffer disgrace for the name of Jesus". This happened shortly before the completion of Adam of Bremen's chronicle in the mid-1070s.
A hypothesis suggests that Anund and Inge the Elder were the same person, as several sources mention Inge as a fervent Christian, and the Hervarar saga describes how Inge also was rejected for refusing to administer the blóts and that he was exiled in Västergötland.
# Eshaal Associates cricket team

The Eshaal Associates cricket team is a Pakistani cricket team sponsored by the Lahore real estate company Eshaal Associates. Beginning with the 2024–25 season, it participates in Pakistan's first-class and List A competitions. Eshaal Associates and Oil & Gas Development Company Limited qualified for promotion to the 2024–25 President's Trophy by reaching the final of the President's Trophy Grade-II in June 2024.
Captained by Umar Siddiq, Eshaal Associates won their inaugural first-class match in the 2024–25 President's Trophy, beating Higher Education Commission by 199 runs. Danish Aziz made the team's first first-class century, with 121 in the first innings.
# KY

KY may refer to:

## Arts and entertainment

* Ky Kiske, a fictional character in the Guilty Gear video game series
* Kashiyatra, a festival in India

## People

* Nguyễn Cao Kỳ (1930-2011), South Vietnamese general and prime minister
* Ky Baldwin (born 2001), Australian singer, songwriter, dancer, and actor
* Ky Bowman (born 1997), American professional basketball player
* Ky Bush (born 1999), American MLB player
* Ky Ebright (1894-1979), American rowing coach
* Ky Fan (1914-2010), Chinese-born American mathematician
* Ky Furneaux (born 1973), Australian television personality and host, outdoor guide, survival expert, and stunt person
* Ky Hollenbeck (born 1987), American kickboxer
* Ky Hurst (born 1981), Australian swimmer and ironman
* Ky Laffoon (1908-1984), American professional golfer
* Ky Nam Le Duc, Vietnamese-Canadian film director and screenwriter
* Ky Rodwell (born 1999), Australian professional rugby league footballer

## Places

* KY postcode area, UK (Kirkcaldy), covering most of Fife and surrounding areas in Scotland
* Kentucky, a U.S. state
* County Kerry, a county of Ireland
* Cayman Islands (ISO two-letter country code)
** .ky, top-level domain for the Cayman Islands
* Kolej Yayasan UEM, private boarding school in Malaysia
* Kyritz, a German licence plate code, for Kyritz in Brandenburg

## Other uses

* K-Y Jelly, a brand of personal lubricant
* Kerosene, A fuel, can be used as industrial lubricant. Known in some countries as paraffin.
* Kyrgyz language (ISO 639 alpha-2 code KY)
* Air São Tomé and Príncipe and Kunming Air (IATA airline designator)
* Kvalificerad Yrkesutbildning, Swedish Qualified Vocational Education
* KY Cygni, a red supergiant located in the constellation Cygnus
* A variation of the name Kye, Kai, Kay, or Cai; and as a nickname for Kyle
# Ko Pha-ngan Airport

Ko Pha-ngan Airport is an unfinished airport that was under construction in 2012–2015 on Ko Pha-ngan, Surat Thani Province, Thailand. The airport was being built by Kan Air, a domestic Thai airline, who were reportedly spending 700-900 million baht. Kan Air planned to introduce flights to Ko Pha-ngan's neighboring islands, Ko Samui and Ko Tao, as well as three 80-minute flights daily to and from Bangkok's Don Mueang Airport. Construction was suspended indefinitely due to alleged illegal encroachment of National Park land.

## Construction

The airport was scheduled for completion in September 2014. Construction was halted in 2015 when authorities claimed that the airport had infringed on a 20 rai portion of Than Sadet-Ko Pha-ngan National Park. In 2015 the area for the runway was cleared of trees and flattened and there has been no further construction since then.
In 2016, Kan Air announced that they are seeking a capital injection of 1.5 billion baht to complete the airport. The airport's developer reportedly spent 2 billion Thai baht on the unfinished construction.
Construction works have finally been terminated, because of illegal national park land encroachment.

## Features

The airport was projected to have a capacity of 600,000 passengers per year. The site for the airport, with a 1,100-metre runway and thatched-roof terminal, is on the eastern side of the island. Ko Pha-ngan Airport will be open to other operators, with the same parking and landing fees as at Suvarnabhumi Airport.
If completed, the airport will provide direct air access to Ko Pha-ngan for the first time. Currently the only transportation route to Ko Pha-ngan is via ferry. The nearest airport is Samui Airport on the larger Ko Samui to the south.
# Murt, Ilam

Murt (Persian: مورت) is a village in, and the capital of, Arkavazi Rural District of the Central District of Chavar County, Ilam province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Ethnicity

The village is populated by Kurds.

### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 1,082 in 204 households, when it was in Chavar District of Ilam County. The following census in 2011 counted 1,200 people in 271 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 1,088 people in 284 households. It was the most populous village in its rural district.
In 2019, the district was separated from the county in the establishment of Chavar County and renamed the Central District.