OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bowditch School

The Bowditch School is an historic school building at 80–82 Green Street in the Jamaica Plain neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. The three-story brick-and-granite Classical Revival building was designed by Harrison Henry Atwood, a prominent local architect, and was built in 1892. Its main facade has a projecting three-part pavilion, with square entry openings at the base, and round-arch windows at the top level, with a modillioned cornice. It is named for Nathaniel Bowditch, a noted early 19th-century astronomer and mathematician.
By 1981 Boston Public Schools stopped using the facility, and the city government deemed it excess to the city's needs in July of that year.
The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.

## Gallery

* in 1920s-30s
# Flight qualification

To flight-qualify is to take a product, process, or material and test it in order to prove that it will withstand the environment of aerodynamic or space flight. This process can include the following tests and processes:
* parts screening
* thermal test
* vacuum test
* vibration test or modal testing
* material analysis
A flight qualification can include a test in the actual desired environment.
# Manba Station

Manba Station (万場駅, Manba-eki) is a railway station in the city of Gujō, Gifu Prefecture, Japan, operated by the third sector railway operator Nagaragawa Railway.

## Lines

KamimanbaStation is a station of the Etsumi-Nan Line, and is 59.7 kilometers from the terminus of the line at Mino-Ōta.

## Station layout

Manba Station has a one ground-level side platform serving a single bi-directional track. The station is unattended.

## Adjacent stations

| « | « | Service | » | » |
| Etsumi-Nan Line |||||
| Gujō-Yamato | | Local | | Kami-Mamba |

## History

Manba Station was opened on 1 March 1955 on the Etsumi-Nan Line operated by Japanese National Railways (JNR). On 28 August 1986, operations of the Etsumi-Nan Line were transferred from JNR to the third-sector operating company Nagaragawa Railway.

## Surrounding area

* Nagara River
* Dai-ichi Elementary School
# Minami-Kariyasu Station

Minami-Kariyasu Station (美並苅安駅, Minami-Kariyasu-eki) is a railway station in the city of Gujō, Gifu Prefecture, Japan, operated by the third sector railway operator Nagaragawa Railway.

## Lines

Minami-Kariyasu Station is a station of the Etsumi-Nan Line, and is 34.8 kilometers from the terminus of the line at Mino-Ōta.

## Station layout

Minami-Kariyasu Station has one ground-level side platform serving a single bi-directional track. The station once had two opposed side platforms, and the footbridge connecting the platforms is still in place. The station is staffed.

## Adjacent stations

| « | Service | » |
| Nagaragawa Railway |||||
| Etsumi-Nan Line |||||
| Fukuno | Local | Akaike |

## History

Minami-Kariyasu Station was opened on May 6, 1928 as Kariyasu Station (苅安駅). Operations were transferred from the Japan National Railway (JNR) to the Nagaragawa Railway on December 11, 1986. The station was renamed to its present name on that date

## Surrounding area

* National Route 156
* Nagara River
* Sanjo Elementary School
# Lactam

A lactam is a cyclic amide, formally derived from an amino alkanoic acid through cyclization reactions. The term is a portmanteau of the words lactone + amide.

## Nomenclature

Greek prefixes in alphabetical order indicate ring size.
| Ring size (number of atoms in the ring) | Systematic name | IUPAC name | Common name(s) |
| 3 | α-Lactam | Aziridin-2-one | α-Acetolactam |
| 4 | β-Lactam | Azetidin-2-one | β-Propiolactam |
| 5 | γ-Lactam | Pyrrolidin-2-one | γ-Butyrolactam2-Pyrrolidone |
| 6 | δ-Lactam | Piperidin-2-one | δ-Valerolactam2-Piperidinone2-piperidone |
| 7 | ε-Lactam | Azepan-2-one | ε-CaprolactamCaprolactam |
This ring-size nomenclature stems from the fact that hydrolysis of an α-lactam gives an α-amino acid and that of a β-Lactam gives a β-amino acid, and so on.

## Synthesis

General synthetic methods are used for the organic synthesis of lactams.

### Beckmann rearrangement

Lactams form by the acid-catalyzed rearrangement of oximes in the Beckmann rearrangement.

### Schmidt reaction

Lactams form from cyclic ketones and hydrazoic acid in the Schmidt reaction. Cyclohexanone with hydrazoic acid, forms ε - Caprolactum, which upon treatment with excess acid forms Cardiazole, a heart stimulant.

### Cyclization of amino acids

Lactams can be formed from cyclisation of amino acids via the coupling between an amine and a carboxylic acid within the same molecule. Lactamization is most efficient in this way if the product is a γ-lactam. For example, Fmoc-Dab(Mtt)-OH, although its side-chain amine is sterically protected by extremely bulky 4-Methyltrityl (Mtt) group, the amine can still intramolecularly couple with the carboxylic acid to form a γ-lactam. This reaction almost finished within 5 minutes with many coupling reagents (e.g. HATU and PyAOP).

### Intramolecular nucleophilic substitution

Lactams form from intramolecular attack of linear acyl derivatives from the nucleophilic abstraction reaction.

### Iodolactamization

An iminium ion reacts with a halonium ion formed in situ by reaction of an alkene with iodine.

### Kinugasa reaction

Lactams form by copper-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of alkynes and nitrones in the Kinugasa reaction

### Diels-Alder reaction

Diels-Alder reaction between cyclopentadiene and chlorosulfonyl isocyanate (CSI) can be utilized to obtain both β- as well as γ-lactam. At lower temp (−78 °C), β-lactam is the preferred product. At optimum temperatures, a highly useful γ-lactam known as Vince Lactam is obtained.

## Lactam–lactim tautomerism

A lactim is a cyclic imidic acid compound characterized by an endocyclic carbon-nitrogen double bond. They are formed when lactams undergo tautomerization.
    Lactam Lactim

## Reactions

* Lactams can polymerize to polyamides.
# Kaj de Rooij

Kaj de Rooij (born 25 November 2000) is a Dutch professional footballer who plays as a forward for Eredivisie club PEC Zwolle.

## Club career

He made his Eerste Divisie debut for FC Eindhoven on 17 August 2018 in a game against Jong PSV, as an 85th-minute substitute for Alessio Carlone.
On 4 October 2020, he signed a three-year contract with NAC Breda.
On 30 January 2024, de Rooij joined PEC Zwolle until the end of the season on an amateur basis.
# 1951 in South Korea

Events from the year 1951 in South Korea.

## Incumbents

* President: Rhee Syng-man
* Vice President: Yi Si-yeong (until 9 May), Kim Seong-su (starting 17 May)
* Prime Minister: Chang Myon

## Events

January 4th:January–Fourth Retreat
February 9th:Geochang massacre

## Births

* Bae Yong-kyun
* Chung Mong-joon:Korean businessman and politician
* Kim Ja-ok:Korean actress

## Deaths

* Soh Jaipil: Korean-American political activist and physician who was a noted champion of the Korean independence movement
* Kim Dong-in:Korean novelist
# Politzek.me

Politzek.me — is an advocacy platform designed to assist political prisoners in Belarus, featuring an up-to-date database of political prisoners in the country. It was established in November 2020 following the protests triggered by public rejection of the presidential election results by the campaign team of presidential candidate Viktar Babaryka with informational support from the Human Rights Center Viasna. The organization is led by its co-founder Inna Kavalionak.

## Organization Description

The platform was created to make the issue of political prisoners more accessible and to destigmatize them through innovative approaches. The project started as a website containing a database of Belarusian political prisoners and their stories. Visitors to the site can find current information about political prisoners, write letters to them, send postcards, make donations, or send parcels to detention centers. Users can also anonymously indicate that they are assisting a particular political prisoner by adding them as a friend on the site. Friendship involves performing specific supportive actions for the chosen political prisoner without direct contact. The number of friends each political prisoner has is displayed on Politzek.Me.
Politzek.Me believes that letters can be a source of encouragement and support for political prisoners, and donations to their families can alleviate financial difficulties faced after their relatives' detention, providing necessary resources to support the imprisoned.
The overall idea of the site is to enable people to act and support those fighting for democracy and human rights in Belarus, as well as to raise international awareness of the situation.
In February 2023, the Politzek.me team launched their online magazine "Politzek Times". The magazine covers the experiences of Belarusian political prisoners both during their imprisonment and after their release.
In November 2023, the project's web pages were recognized as "extremist materials" in Belarus, and in April 2024, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Belarus declared Politzek.Me an extremist group.
Politzek.Me continually updates its list of political prisoners as their number changes daily. As of November 2021, Politzek.Me identified 1074 political prisoners in Belarus; in December 2021 – 1104 prisoners; in May 2022 – 1457 prisoners. The number of political prisoners increased rapidly throughout 2021 and 2022, reaching 1651 by October 2022.
As of July 2024, Politzek.Me identifies 1,570 political prisoners in Belarus.

## Politzek.me Partners

* Human Rights Center Viasna
* Pismo.bel
* Dissident.by
# Simon Graves Jensen

Simon Graves Jensen (born 22 May 1999) is a Danish professional footballer who plays for Dutch Eredivisie club PEC Zwolle, on loan from Italian club Palermo, as a centre-back.

## Club career
### Years in Denmark

Graves started playing football at Holstebro Boldklub before joining the Randers FC youth academy at under-17 level. In January 2018, he signed his first professional contract, a three-year deal. He made his professional debut on 11 September 2018 in a Danish Cup match against Næsby Boldklub. He started in Centre-back|central defense that day as his team won in a penalty-shootout. On 4 November, he played his first match in the Danish Superliga, the top level of Danish football, against AGF. He came on as a substitute for Saba Lobzhanidze in a 2–0 win.
On 26 June 2020, Graves extended his contract with Randers until 2024.
Graves scored his first professional goal on 16 September 2021 in a 2–2 home draw against AZ Alkmaar in the UEFA Europa Conference League group stage.

### Palermo

On 30 January 2023, Graves signed a four-and-a-half-year deal with Italian Serie B club Palermo.

#### Loan to PEC Zwolle

On 21 August 2024, Graves moved to PEC Zwolle in the Netherlands on loan with an option to buy.

## International career

On 16 January 2018, Graves made his Denmark U19 debut during a 1–0 win over Cyprus in a friendly in Ayia Napa.

## Career statistics

    As of match played 27 January 2023
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Randers | 2018–19 | Superliga | 4 | 0 | 2 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 |
| Randers | 2019–20 | Superliga | 9 | 0 | 2 | 0 | — | — | 2 | 0 | 13 | 0 |
| Randers | 2020–21 | Superliga | 25 | 0 | 7 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 32 | 0 |
| Randers | 2021–22 | Superliga | 21 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 27 | 1 |
| Randers | 2022–23 | Superliga | 16 | 1 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 17 | 1 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 75 | 1 | 13 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 95 | 2 |
* ↑ Appearance(s) in Superliga European play-offs
* ↑ Appearance(s) in UEFA Europa Conference League

## Honours

Randers
* Danish Cup: 2020–21
# Jacob Wisner House

The Jacob Wisner House, also known as the Rapp House, is an historic American home that is located in Charlestown Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

## History and architectural features

It was built in two sections. The older section dates to 1761, and is a two-and-one-half-story, three-bay wide, stone structure. A two-bay wide extension was added in the 1840s. The addition was originally built to house a saddle and harnass-maker's shop and later housed the Sidley Post Office.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.
# Jacob and Hannah Leverton House

Jacob and Hannah Leverton House, also known as the Dyott Farm, is a historic home located at Linchester, near Preston, in Caroline County, Maryland, United States. It is a two-story side-passage-plan brick house with a gable roof constructed in the first quarter of the 19th century. A two-bay, two-story frame wing was built in 1968 to replace the original 1+1⁄2-story wing. It was the home of Jacob and Hannah Leverton, Quakers, who were agents of the Underground Railroad.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.
# Kassel Synagogue

The Kassel Synagogue (German: Kassel Synagoge) was a former Jewish congregation and synagogue, located on Untere Königsstraße, in Kassel, Hesse, Germany. The second synagogue for the congregation was completed in 1839 and set ablaze by the Nazis on November 9, 1938, during the Kristallnacht pogrom.
A new synagogue for the congregation, on Bremer Street, was completed in 2000.

## History
### Construction

In 1827, a previous synagogue was closed due to its dilapidated state. In 1828, the government offered a new location for the construction of a new synagogue at the corner of Untere Königsstraße and Bremerstraße. Several blueprints (by August Schuchardt, Conrad Bromeis, and Julius Eugen Ruhl) were rejected by the community. Finally, a blueprint by Albrecht Rosengarten was accepted, and after three years of construction the new synagogue was opened on August 8, 1839. It was the first Rundbogenstil synagogue, and the style was widely adopted in Central Europe and abroad in the following decades.

### Nazi rule and destruction of the synagogue

On November 7, 1938, in the course of Kristallnacht, the synagogue was desecrated by the Nazis; part of its interior decoration and ritual accessories were burned outside. On November 11, 1938, the city authorities decided to demolish the synagogue. A memorial plaque was installed at its former location with the following inscription:
   This is the former location of the synagogue, built in 1839, of the Kassel Jewish community which consisted of 2301 members as of May 1933. Many Jews had already fled the city when, on November 7, 1938, activists of the NSDAP broke into the synagogue, destroyed the Torah Ark, and set the prayer scrolls and other objects on fire. Shortly after that, the city authorities decided to tear down the building, which had remained intact, to use the location as a parking lot. The community was destroyed.

### Post-war period

A new prayer hall was built in Heubnerstraße in 1952/53. As it became too small by the 1960s, the decision was made to build a new synagogue with a community centre. On December 12, 1965, the new building with the community hall for 100 people was inaugurated.
As it in turn became too small for the growing Jewish community, another new synagogue, designed by Alfred Jacoby, in the Modernist style, built of concrete, was completed in 2000. Funds for its construction were provided by, among others, the government of Hesse, the city of Kassel, the North-Hesse administrative districts, the local branch of the Evangelical Church in Germany, the Catholic Diocese of Fulda, and through private donations.
# Frijoles charros

Frijoles charros (cowboy beans) is a traditional Mexican dish. It is named after the traditional Mexican cowboy horsemen, or charros. The dish is characterized by pinto beans stewed with onion, garlic, and bacon. Other common ingredients include chili peppers, tomatoes, cilantro, ham, sausage, pork and chorizo. It is served warm, and is usually of a soupy consistency.
# Jaeger Machine Company Office Building

The Jaeger Machine Company Office Building is a historic building in the Arena District neighborhood of Columbus, Ohio. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.
The two-story concrete building was constructed in 1936. It was designed simply and affordably, but with Art Deco features for a modern design. The design was by O. G. Mandt, company president, and Lyon Gardner, an engineer. The company was founded in 1906 and successfully produced cement mixers. It declined over time, finally shuttering in 1992.
The building stands as a rare example of the Art Deco movement for industrial buildings in Columbus.
# Florida Communities Trust

The Florida Communities Trust (FCT) is a governmental land acquisition program in the state of Florida, United States, administered by the Florida Department of Community Affairs (DCA). Grants are awarded annually on a competitive basis to local governments and non-profit environmental organizations for community-based parks, open space and greenways. These projects must further outdoors recreation and natural resources protection needs identified in the local government's Comprehensive Plans.
The program helps Florida communities meet growth management challenges, protects the state's natural and cultural resources, and helps meet recreational needs. The program is funded by 22% of the Florida Forever (FF) funds, $66 million each year. Counties with a population of 75,000 or more are required to provide matching funds equal to 25% of the total project cost. Non-profit organizations are exempt from this requirement. The maximum application grant is $6.6 million per year.

## History

The Florida Communities Trust was established in 1989 to help local governments acquire land for open spaces, natural areas, parks and beaches. Initially, it was under control of the Florida Department of Environmental Protection, but later shifted to the Department of Community Affairs. FCT projects improve the quality of life for the residents of Florida. Grants from the Parks and Open Space program fund regional and local parks, which encourage nature-based tourism, promote community revitalization and economic growth. Through the 1990s, it was funded by the Preservation 2000 bond program, which was replaced by the Florida Forever Act.

## Governance

Land purchased using state FCT money includes a set of restrictions, covenants and ownership rights, which always revert to the state if any problem arises with the land's use or the entity that received the original grant.
The Naples Zoo in Collier County intended to swap a six-acre county-owned parcel with an equal size parcel purchased with FCT funds. The state of Florida was not consulted about the trade, which required FCT approval. The state sent the county a "compliance warning" letter, voiding the original deal between the county and the zoo. After evaluating the situation, the FCT proposed that the FCT parcel could be used by the zoo if 43 acres of county land incur the restrictions that applied to the six acres.
After Rick Scott was elected as Florida's Governor in 2010, he vetoed funding for the popular land-acquisition program, Florida Forever, through which FCT is funded.
# Joseph Obanyi Sagwe

Joseph Obanyi Sagwe (born 10 March 1967) is a Roman Catholic prelate in Kenya who is the Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kakamega. He was appointed bishop by Pope Francis on 5 December 2014.

## Early life and education

He was born in 1967 in Kebirigo Village, Nyamira County, in the Archdiocese of Kisumu. He grew up in Nyakemicha Village in Nyamira County, and was raised by staunch Catholic parents; John Sagwe Obanyi and Theresa Kwamboka, both deceased. He is the third born in a family of four siblings. He grew up in a family of modest means.
He attended Nyakemicha Primary School before transferring to Ibara Primary School, where he obtained his Primary School Leaving Certificate. He attended St. John's Minor Seminary at Rwakaro in Migori County, where he obtained his O-Level Certificate. He went on to compete his A-Level education at the Mother of Apostles Seminary at Eldoret.
He studied philosophy and religious studies at St. Augustine Major Seminary at Mabanga, in Bungoma, obtaining a Bachelor's degree from there. He graduated with another BA in theology from St. Thomas Aquinas Seminary in Nairobi. Later he obtained a Master's degree and a Doctorate, both in Canon Law, awarded by the Pontifical Lateran University in Rome, Italy.

## Priesthood

He was ordained a priest of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kisii, Kenya on 25 October 1996. In 2004, upon his return to Kenya from postgraduate studies in Rome, Father Joseph Obanyi Sagwe was appointed as the Vicar General of the Catholic Diocese of Kisii. He served the entire 20 years of his priesthood in that capacity until 5 December 2014.

## As bishop

On 5 December 2014, Pope Francis appointed him bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kakamega. He was consecrated as bishop on 7 March 2015 at Bukhungu Stadium, Kakamega, in the Diocese of Kakamega. The Principal Consecrator was Bishop Philip Sulumeti, Bishop Emeritus of Kakamega assisted by Archbishop Zacchaeus Okoth, Archbishop Emeritus of Kisumu and Bishop Joseph Mairura Okemwa, Bishop of Kisii. On 23 June 2018 Bishop Joseph Obanyi Sagwe was appointed Apostolic Administrator of the Catholic Diocese Bungoma, Kenya. That apostolic administratorship ceased on 19 February 2022.
# Look Out Below

Look Out Below is a 1919 American short comedy film starring Harold Lloyd. Prints of this film survive.

## Cast

* Harold Lloyd - The Boy
* Bebe Daniels - The Girl
* Snub Pollard - Snub
* Sammy Brooks
* Billy Fay
* Lew Harvey
* Bud Jamison
* Margaret Joslin
* Oscar Larson
* Marie Mosquini
* William Petterson
* Noah Young
# 94.6 FM

The following radio stations broadcast on FM frequency 94.6 MHz:

## China

* Beijing Music Radio in Beijing (cabel FM)
* CNR The Voice of China in Luoyang
* Radio Foshan in Foshan

## Indonesia

* Style Radio in Tasikmalaya RDS: "STYLE946FM"
* Radio Kotaperak in Yogyakarta

## Malaysia

* Lite in Johor Bahru, Johor and Singapore

## New Zealand

* Coast in Wanaka

## Nigeria

* Brc 2 FM in Bauchi

## United Kingdom

* Cabin FM in Herne Bay
* BBC Radio Stoke in Stoke-On-Trent