OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Advantage (debate)

In competitive debate, an advantage is the way that the affirmative team refers to the positive consequences of adopting their position on the debate resolution. It is an argument structure that seeks to convince the judge that the affirmative plan, if adopted, would result in a net-beneficial improvement to the status quo.

## Structure

Some variance in the structure of an advantage exists. The following are two of the most common structures:
Method 1
This method is more popular and widely used in Policy Debate.
* Uniqueness: An argument describing something in the status quo. Falls under the stock issue of inherency.
* Impact: an argument explaining why that condition of the status quo is damaging. Falls under the stock issue of harms.
* Solvency: an argument describing how the plan can alter the status quo to avoid the impact.
Method 2
This method is more popular and widely used in National Public Forum Debate. It can be remembered as the acronym ULIIT, or Ur Life Is In Talent. Below are the definitions.
* Uniqueness: Claims about the status quo (typically undesirable or heading in a bad direction). The uniqueness explains why what you are debating is important, and sets the stage for the next steps, as well as weighing.
* Link: An argument of how or why the plan causes something in the status quo to change. This is like the warrant.
* Internal Link: How/why the link will result in a particular outcome. This includes evidence, proper reasoning, and warranting. Without the IL, you cannot connect back to the impact.
* Impact: If arguing for the Affirmative, the impact is what can be avoided if we choose Aff, and what can happen if we don't. If on the Negative, the impact is the same - what can be avoided if we choose Neg, and what can happen if we don't.
* Terminal Impact: The Terminal Impact is the final blow - the impact upon the impact. It explains why the impact is bad or good.
# List of wars involving Belarus

This is a list of wars and humanitarian conflicts involving the Republic of Belarus and its predecessor states (Belarusian People's Republic and Byelorussian SSR). Notable militarised interstate disputes are included.
    Belarusian victory
    Belarusian defeat
    Another result (e.g. a treaty or peace without a clear result, status quo ante bellum, result of civil or internal conflict, result unknown or indecisive, inconclusive)
    Ongoing conflict

## Russian Empire

| Conflict | Belarus & allies | Belarus's opposition | Result |
| World War I/Russian Civil War (1918) | Belarusian People's Republic Germany | Bolsheviks  Russian SFSR | Belarusian People's Republic exiled |
| Slutsk uprising (1920) | Nationalist forces loyal to the Belarusian People's Republic | Russian SFSR Byelorussian SSR | Rebellion suppressed |
| Polish–Soviet War (1919–1921) Soviet westward offensive of 1918–1919 | Russian SFSR Ukrainian SSR Byelorussian SSR Polrewkom | Second Polish Republic Ukrainian People's Republic | Defeat: Peace of Riga |

## Soviet Union

| Conflict | Belarus & allies | Belarus's opposition | Result |
| Polish-Belarusian ethnic conflict (1939—1954) | Byelorussian SSR Belarusian collaborators | Polish people Home Army Cursed soldiers Grodno Self Defense [pl] Wołkowysk Self Defense [pl] | Both sides claimed victory |
| World War II (1941–1944) | Soviet Union  Byelorussian SSR | Nazi Germany Belarusian Central Council | Victory: Belarusian Central Council dissolved, results include the Independence Day (Belarus) |
| Soviet–Afghan War (1979–1989) | Soviet Union  Byelorussian SSR  Afghanistan | Afghan mujahideen | Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan After USSR's withdrawal, Afghan Civil War continues |

## Republic of Belarus

| Conflict | Belarus & allies | Belarus's opposition | Result |
| First Ivorian Civil War (2002—2007) | Ivory Coast COJEP Belarus (limited military support and mercenaries) | FNCI | Tentative peace agreement, followed by renewed conflict |
| First Libyan Civil War (2011) | Libyan Jamahiriya Belarus: Military advisers [ru] Snipers MID [ru]/SSB (334th Separate Unit of the 5th Spetsnaz Brigade) Technical specialists | Anti-Gaddafi forces Qatar Enforcing UNSC Resolution 1973:  NATO NATO members  Belgium  Bulgaria  Canada  Denmark  France  Italy  Netherlands  Norway  Portugal  Romania  Spain  Turkey  United Kingdom  United States Other countries  Jordan  Sweden  United Arab Emirates  Saudi Arabia Minor border clashes: Tunisia | Defeat: Rebel forces overthrow the Libyan government |
| Belarusian involvement in the Russian invasion of Ukraine (2022–present) (part of the Russo-Ukrainian War, 2014–present) | Russian Federation Belarus (provision of territory) Donetsk People's Republic Luhansk People's Republic | Ukraine Kastuś Kalinoŭski Regiment Belarusian Volunteer Corps | Ongoing: Belarus provides its territory and infrastructure to the Russian invasion forces and assistance to injured Russian soldiers. |
# Holywell

Holywell may refer to:

## England

* Holywell, Bedfordshire
* Holywell, Cambridgeshire
* Holywell, Cornwall
* Holywell, Dorset
* Holywell, Eastbourne, East Sussex
* Holywell, Gloucestershire, a location in England
* Holywell, Herefordshire, a place in Herefordshire
* Holywell, Hertfordshire
* Holywell, Ashby-de-la-Zouch, Leicestershire
* Holywell, Lincolnshire
* Holywell, Northumberland, near Seaton Delaval
* Holywell, Oxford, Oxfordshire
* Holywell, Somerset, a location in England
* Holywell, Warwickshire, a location in England
* Holy Well, Malvern, Worcestershire

## Other places

* Holywell, County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland
* Holywell, Flintshire, Wales
* Holywell, Swords, Ireland
# Blue (The Jesus Lizard album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Rolling Stone | |
| Entertainment Weekly | B+ |
| Pitchfork Media | 7.3/10 |
| Spin | 2/10 |
Blue is the sixth studio album by The Jesus Lizard, released in 1998. Produced by Andy Gill, it is something of a departure for The Jesus Lizard, exploring some of the more experimental instincts hinted at on earlier songs like "Happy Bunny Goes Fluff-Fluff Along" on Pure. It is one of only two releases by the band to feature new drummer Jim Kimball, the other being the self-titled EP released two months prior. A limited edition vinyl pressing was released on Jetset Records on April 21, 1998. The album was released in Canada only by Sonic Unyon Records under license from Capitol Records in the USA after EMI Canada passed on releasing the album.

## Track listing

All tracks composed by the Jesus Lizard
* "I Can Learn" – 3:10
* "Horse Doctor Man" – 3:58
* "Eucalyptus" – 5:59
* "A Tale of Two Women" – 3:28
* "Cold Water" – 2:45
* "And Then the Rain" – 3:13
* "Postcoital Glow" – 3:31
* "Until It Stopped to Die" – 3:56
* "Soft Damage" – 4:05
* "Happy Snakes" – 3:00
* "Needles for Teeth (Version)" – 3:40
* "Terremoto" – 1:20

## Personnel
### The Jesus Lizard

* David Yow - vocals
* Duane Denison - guitar, keyboards
* David Sims - bass, keyboards
* Jim Kimball - drums

### Technical

* Andy Gill - producer, mixing
* Jeff Lane - engineer, mixing
* Ron Lowe - engineer
* Joe Barresi - mixing
* Howie Weinberg - mastering
# Charles Cox

Charles Cox may refer to:
* Charles Cox (wrestler) (born 1957), Canadian Olympic wrestler
* Charles E. Cox (1860–1936), Indiana Supreme Court judge
* Charles Frederick Cox (1863–1944), Australian soldier
* Charles Winnans Cox (1882–1958), Canadian politician
* Charles Shipley Cox (1922–2015), American oceanographer
* Bud Cox (born Charles Cox, born 1960), American tennis player
* Sir Charles Cox (brewer) (1660–1729), English brewer and MP
* Charles Cox (businessman) (1731–1808), English businessman active in Harwich, Essex
* Charles Chapman Cox, American economist, appointed to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission under Ronald Reagan
* Charles Christopher Cox (born 1952), US politician and financial regulator
* Charles B. Cox (1810–1891), American businessman and Wisconsin politician
# Barbodes paucimaculatus

Barbodes paucimaculatus is a species of ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cyprinidae, the family which includes the carps, barbs and related fishes. It is found in freshwater habitats in China, but its validity is questionable and it may be a synonym of Barbodes semifasciolatus. As a food fish it is rated 5/5 stars by the National Food Convention of China.
# Oeonae

The Oeonae or Oönæ were a mythical human race appearing in works of classical geography such as Pomponius Mela's De situ orbis and Pliny the Elder's Natural History. They were said to subsist exclusively on oats and the eggs of marsh birds; further, they were reported to share an island with the Panotti and Hippopodes.(Mela iii. § 56).
# Lisa Lyn

Lisa Lyn (born 18 September 1964 in Kingston, Jamaica) is a Canadian former field hockey player who competed in the 1988 Summer Olympics.
# Panotti

The Panotti (also called Phanesii, Panotii and Panotioi, from the Greek words πᾶν and οὖς for "all ears") were a mythical race of people, described as possessing large ears that covered their entire bodies.

## Pliny the Elder

In AD 77–79, the classical writer Pliny the Elder published his thirty-seven volumes of encyclopedic works known as the Natural History containing entries of both the real and the imaginative.
In the Natural History, Pliny writes about the strange race of people known as the Panotti who live in the "All-Ears Islands" off of Scythia. These people there have bizarrely large ears that are so huge that the Panotti use them as blankets to shield their body against the chills of the night. Their ears were used in lieu of clothing.
The map of the world drawn by Henricus Martellus Germanus in about 1491 describes the "Panotii" as living in southern Asia.

## Other mentions

* Pomponius Mela writes that they lived near the Orkney Islands, sharing an island with two other peoples: the Oeonae (who eat only oats and marsh bird eggs) and the Hippopodes (who possess the feet of horses).
* Isidore of Seville also mentions the Panotii.
* They appear in the novel Baudolino by Umberto Eco.
* One of the four narrators in the novel The Habitation of the Blessed by Catherynne M. Valente is a panotii by the name of Imtithal, a storyteller and nanny to three royal children.
* Antonio Pigafetta recorded that the Moluccan pilot of the ship Vittoria told a story about the people of Aracheto. The men and women were 1.5 feet high; their food was the pith of a tree; and they dwells in caverns under ground. Their ears were as long as their bodies; so that, when they lay down, one ear served as a mattress and the other as a blanket.
* A depiction of the Panotti appears on the cover of the self titled album (1996) by the polish avant-folk band Księżyc.
# Breaking Home Ties (film)

Breaking Home Ties is a 1922 American silent drama film directed by George K. Rolands and Frank N. Seltzer and starring Lee Kohlmar, Rebecca Weintraub and Jane Thomas. It centers on Russian Jewish immigrants in Manhattan's Lower East Side.
The film was believed to be lost, before being rediscovered in Berlin in an archive in the 1980s. The National Center for Jewish Film led the digital restoration of the film over the ensuing decades.
The restored version of the film, with its newly commissioned score, will premiere at the New York Jewish Film Festival on 19 January 2025.

## Background

Director Frank N. Seltzer was motivated to direct a film to counter rising levels of antisemitism fuelled by Henry Ford and the Ku Klux Klan. The film has Jews as central characters, and they are presented in a normative way, with their faith and practice respectfully depicted.

## Plot

David Bergmann is a young Russian Jew who flees to America after an unfortunate incident. He arrives in New York City on the Lower East Side, where his university education in St. Petersburg enables him to become a successful lawyer.
David's parents and younger sister, who immigrate separately to New York from Russia, face more hardships. They struggle to find their son, who has changed his surname to Berg. David's father makes a meager income as a street vendor, and he and his aging wife cannot afford lodgings in a Jewish Aged Care Home. The film then focuses on the efforts of David and his family to find one another.

## Cast

* Lee Kohlmar as Father Bergman
* Rebecca Weintraub as Mother Bergman
* Richard Farrell as David Bergman
* Arthur Ashley as Paul Zeidman
* Betty Howe as Esther
* Jane Thomas as Rose Neuman
* Henry B. Schaffer as J. B. Martin
* Maude Hill as Mrs. Martin
* Robert Maximillian as Moskowitz

## Release

The film originally premiered at the Hotel Astor in New York City in 1922.
# Thomas Longmore

Sir Thomas Longmore CB (10 October 1816 – 30 September 1895) was Surgeon-General and professor of military surgery at the Army Medical School at Netley Hospital. Prior to this appointment, he had a long and distinguished career as a military doctor and surgeon, notably serving during every major engagement of the Crimean War, even while suffering from frostbite.
He wrote numerous reports, manuals and treatises on several topics, such as the development of osteomyelitis following gunshot wounds.
He was a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of England.
He was knighted in 1886.
His papers are part of the Wellcome Collection's Royal Army Medical Corps Muniments Collection.
# Philip McNee

Major General Philip A. J. McNee KHP is a senior British Army officer and medical doctor, who has been appointed as Surgeon General of the United Kingdom Armed Forces with effect from May 2024.

## Military career

McNee was commissioned into the Royal Army Medical Corps on 18 September 1998. After serving as commanding officer of 16 Medical Regiment, he became head of the Medical Operational Capability team for Defence Medical Services. It was announced in November 2023 that he would become Surgeon General of the United Kingdom Armed Forces with effect from May 2024.
On 20 May 2024, McNee was appointed an honorary Physician to the King.
# Anthony Revell

Anthony Leslie Revell (26 April 1935 – 30 December 2018) was a British Royal Navy medical officer and Surgeon General of the British Armed Forces from 1994 to 1997.
# Bellefontaine High School

Bellefontaine High School is a public high school in Bellefontaine, Ohio, United States. It is part of the Bellefontaine City Schools district. They are members of the Central Buckeye Conference and were formerly members of the Western Buckeye League.

## Notable alumni

* Austin Eldon Knowlton - architect and businessman
* Tavien St. Clair - football player
# Elisabeth Östberg

Elisabeth Östberg (29 August 1940 – 10 April 2023) was a Swedish sprinter. She won national titles in the 400 m (1959, 1961 and 1964–65), 800 m (1961) and 4 × 400 m relay (11 times) and held the national record over 800 m. Östberg was part of the Swedish 4 × 400 m relay team that placed sixth at the 1969 European Championships. After retiring from competitions she worked as a coach, in Sweden and abroad.
# An Affair of Honor (film)

Affair of Honor is an American silent film that was inspired by a famous painting. It was made 18 May 1901 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania by Lubin Studios.
A woman and her male friend (Arthur Marvin) are seated at a table when another woman makes romantic overtures to the man. The two women then duel with swords, and one of the women is killed.
# Andy Hardy Meets Debutante

Andy Hardy Meets Debutante is a 1940 American romantic comedy film directed by George B. Seitz. The film stars Lewis Stone, Mickey Rooney, Cecilia Parker, Fay Holden, and Judy Garland. It is the ninth of the Andy Hardy full-length film series.

## Plot

Andy Hardy from Carvel becomes infatuated with well-known young socialite Daphne Fowler, from New York City. Although he has not met Daphne, he tells his friends that he knows her well and lets them believe that there is also a romantic relationship.
Andy's father, judge James K. Hardy, moves to New York with the whole family to work on a case involving an orphanage. The judge must appear in court against a law firm that is disputing payments from a trust fund that supports the orphanage. Andy’s friends, editors at a newspaper, want to print a story about his relationship with Daphne, forcing him to pursue her to avoid embarrassment. In New York, Andy encounters old friend Betsy Booth, who has a crush on him. Andy has to evade romantic propositions from Betsy while trying to meet the popular and seemingly unattainable Daphne.
Andy hears on the radio that Daphne is to attend a function at a restaurant. He visits the restaurant when Daphne is there, but he courts trouble when he cannot pay his bill. Meanwhile, Judge Hardy wins the orphanage case. Andy is inspired by his father’s successful litigation, and in a moment of honesty, he tells Betsy about his situation. Betsy is a friend of Daphne, and she agrees to introduce Andy to her.
Andy finds the high-society life too expensive and realizes his feelings for Betsy. They have their first kiss and they promise to write to each other regularly.

## Cast

* Lewis Stone as Judge James K. 'Jim' Hardy
* Mickey Rooney as Andy Hardy
* Cecilia Parker as Marian Hardy
* Fay Holden as Mrs. Emily Hardy
* Judy Garland as Betsy 'Betty' Booth
* Ann Rutherford as Polly Benedict
* Diana Lewis as Daphne Fowler
* George P. Breakston as F. Baker 'Beezy' Anderson
* Sara Haden as Aunt Milly Forrest
* Addison Richards as George Benedict
* George Lessey as Underwood, a Lawyer
* Cy Kendall as Mr. Carrillo
* Clyde Willson as Francis a.k.a. Butch

## Reception

In a contemporary review for The New York Times, critic Bosley Crowther wrote that the film is "... just another milestone in this popular family series—a milestone to be welcomed, that is. But we can't help speculating upon how much they all look alike."
According to MGM records, the film earned $1,945,000 in the U.S. and Canada and $678,000 elsewhere, resulting in a profit of $1,409,000.
# Liubov Efimenko

Liubov Efimenko (born 20 June 1999) is a Finnish figure skater. She is the 2014 Finnish national silver medalist and has won three senior international medals, including bronze at the 2014 Nordics and silver at the 2016 Skate Helena. She has also competed in pair skating with Dmitry Epstein for the Netherlands.

## Personal life

Liubov Efimenko was born on 20 June 1999 in Saint Petersburg, Russia. She is of Polish descent through her father. She moved with her family to Finland when she was nine years old. She followed her older sister into skating.

## Programs

| Season | Short program | Free skating |
| 2016–17 | Libertango performed by The Swingle Singers | And the Waltz Goes On by Anthony Hopkins |
| 2014–15 | Concerto pour une voix by Saint Preux | Now We Are Free (from Gladiator) by Hans Zimmer |
| 2013–14 | Concerto pour une voix by Saint Preux | Bolero (from Moulin Rouge!) |

## Competitive highlights

CS: Challenger Series; JGP: Junior Grand Prix

### Pairs with Epstein for the Netherlands

International :
| Event | 18–19 | 19–20 |
| CS Nebelhorn | | 11th |
| Bavarian Open | 7th | |
| Challenge Cup | 4th | |

### Pairs with Penasse for Finland

International :
| Event | 17–18 |
| Cup of Nice | WD |
| Volvo Open Cup | 4th |

### Ladies' Singles for Finland

International :
| Event | 12–13 | 13–14 | 14–15 | 15–16 | 16–17 |
| CS Finlandia | | | 4th | | 14th |
| CS Lombardia | | | | | 16th |
| CS Warsaw Cup | | | | | 23rd |
| Avas Cup | | | | 1st | |
| Bavarian Open | | | | 7th | |
| Golden Bear | | | | | 9th |
| Tallinn Trophy | | | 3rd | | |
| Nordics | | 3rd | | | |
| NRW Trophy | | | | | 13th |
| Skate Helena | | | | 2nd | |
| Printemps | | | | 5th | |
| International: Junior ||||||
| JGP Estonia | | 7th | 9th | | |
| JGP Czech Rep. | | | 13th | | |
| JGP Latvia | | 12th | | | |
| JGP Slovenia | | | | | 12th |
| Bavarian Open | | 2nd J | | | |
| Cup of Nice | 4th J | | | | |
| Gardena | | 4th J | | | |
| Nordics | 6th J | | | | |
| Rooster Cup | | | | | |
| National ||||||
| Finnish Champ. | 2nd J | 2nd | WD | 6th | 6th |
# Angels Fall (film)

Angels Fall is a 2007 American mystery thriller romantic drama television film directed by Ralph Hemecker and starring Heather Locklear and Johnathon Schaech. It is based on the 2006 Nora Roberts novel of the same name. The film is about a beautiful chef who moves to a small town in Wyoming after her Boston restaurant is shut down because of a fatal shooting. The film debuted January 29, 2007 on Lifetime Television. At the time, it was one of the top-ten watched telecasts in the history of the network.

## Summary

Reece Gilmore (Locklear) is the sole survivor of a massacre at a Boston restaurant where she worked as a chef. After a stay in a mental hospital due to PTSD, anxious and restless, she hits the open road with no destination in mind, desperate for a fresh start. When her car breaks down in a picturesque Wyoming town, Reece takes a job cooking at the local diner to earn enough to repair it and move on. But as she gets to know the townspeople, mystery writer Brody (Schaech) in particular, she considers putting the past behind her and settling down.
But then, while out hiking, she witnesses a murder. Reece is traumatized again, and not just by the killing, but also because, when the police go to check out the crime scene, there's no evidence of a murder taking place. The townspeople doubt her story due to her past, which leads everyone, including Reece, to question her sanity.

## Cast

* Heather Locklear as Reece Gilmore
* Johnathon Schaech as Brody
* Gary Hudson as Rick Marsden
* Derek Hamilton as Lo
* Linda Darlow as Joanie
* Lisa Marie Caruk as Linda Gail
* Len Crowther as Doc
* Pete Seadon as Mac Drubber
* Robert White as Lynt
* Christy Greene as Ginny
* Jemma Blackwell as Debbie Marsden
* Tamara Werden as Woman in Orange Hat
* Guillermo Ura as Serge
* Chezlene Kocian as Marlie
* Lori Ravensborg as Jeweler

## Production

The film was executive produced by Stephanie Germain and Peter Guber, who also 'e.p.-ed' seven other Roberts films for Lifetime in 2007 and 2009.

## Reception

Angels Fall was one of the top ten most-watched telecasts in the history of the channel.