OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Snake-stone

A snake-stone, also known as a viper's stone, snake's pearl, black stone, serpent-stone, or nagamani is an animal bone or stone used as folk medicine for snake bite in Africa, South America, India and Asia.
The early Celtic-era European adder stone is also called a snake stone, and is usually made from coloured glass, often with holes. Its purpose is for protection against evil spirits rather than snake bite.
The World Health Organization states that it has no effect on snake-bites, bearing in mind that most snake-bites are from non-venomous snakes. They state that traditional medicines and other treatments such as wound incision or excision, suction, or application of "black stones" should be avoided.

## Descriptions

Accounts differ widely on how to make and use a 'black stone'.
In Peru, a black stone is a small charred cow bone "applied to the site of a poisonous snakebite and tied firmly in place. It is left there for several days, during which time it supposedly draws the venom from the wound."
13th century Persian/Iranian writer Kazwini describes the snake-stone in his work Aja'ib al-Makhluqat as being the size of a small nut.The quote about how the cure goes is as follows "An injury inflicted by a venomous creature is to be immersed in warm water or sour milk. The snake-stone is then dropped into the liquid to supposedly draw out the poison."
Although called a 'stone' in the Congo, a black stone is often made from animal bones. When taken from snakes, it is usually from the head, but also said to be extracted from the tail.
The steps suggested in an African leaflet are:
* Choose a large dry cow thigh bone
* Cut it into small pieces
* Smooth them with sandpaper
* Wrap the pieces in foil
* Place in a charcoal fire for 15 to 20 minutes

## Views on snake-stones expressed in scientific studies

A Nigerian study recommended "education on the need to avoid the use of popular first aid measures of doubtful benefit." The same doctors later reported that black stones may be beneficial, but "those who used the black stone required significantly higher quantity of antivenom as compared to those that used the tourniquet". In their report they noted slightly higher tissue necrosis in patients who use tourniquets, but this was not (statistically) significant; other scientists have recommended against tourniquets (see treatment of snakebites and outdated treatments).
A Bolivian medical study stated: "contrary to widespread belief, no efficacy to treat envenomation may be expected of the BS" (black stone).
An Indian study stated: "unscientific methods like 'black stone' healing contribute to the delay in seeking appropriate medical care."

## In popular media

* In the 1986 Indian film Nagina, snake stone was the main subject.
* In the 2008 Neil Gaiman novel The Graveyard Book, an item in the book was a snake stone described as rare and valuable.
* In the 2017 Indian Bengali novel Sarpa Manav: Nagmoni Rohosyo, the basis of the story was snake stone.
* Snake stones are mentioned as a folk remedy by the father/narrator in The Swiss Family Robinson.
# Republic of Vevčani

The Republic of Vevčani (Macedonian: Република Вевчани, romanized: Republika Vevčani, pronounced), also known as the Independent Republic of Vevčani, was a short-lived self-proclaimed country on the territory of North Macedonia after the breakup of Yugoslavia in 1991 and is a symbolic micronation. The residents of the same-named village declared its independence in 1991 after the Vevčani Emergency in 1987, when the Yugoslav communist government attempted to redirect the water springs of the village. They made their own flag and coat of arms – two harlequins dancing over a cauldron. They also issued red passports. A currency was created as a souvenir. Until 1994, Vevčani was under the jurisdiction of the Struga Municipality but it ended up creating its own municipality.

## History

In 1987, the people of Vevčani, in an event known as Vevčani Emergency, protested against the Yugoslav communist government's plan to redirect the village's spring water to new villas for the communist elite. The special police used batons in an attempt to stop the protest. Vevčani also threatened to secede from Yugoslavia in the same year. The protesters set up barricades and were beaten for weeks until the government backed off. On 19 September 1991, 11 days after the declaration of independence of Macedonia, the local people declared Vevčani as an independent republic, with only 36 out of 2,000 people voting against independence. They reportedly stashed their guns and demanded to be left alone. Its independence was never recognized by the Republic of Macedonia (now North Macedonia). In 1994, Vevčani created its own municipality, splitting from the Struga Municipality.
Vevčani made its own flag and coat of arms, depicting two harlequins dancing over a magic cauldron, and issued its own red passports. It also created its own currency, the ličnik (Macedonian: личник), to hand out as souvenirs but it is not legal tender. It promoted them for tourism in 2002. The currency came in 8 denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500 and 1,000.
| Series | Value | Obverse | Reverse |
| 2000 | 1 Ličnik | Vasil Radinoski, first president of FECC Macedonia | Water springs of Vevčani |
| 2000 | 2 Ličnik | Monastery St. John Bigorski | Writing on the three fountains in St. John |
| 2000 | 5 Ličnik | Mihajlo Pupin | Family tree of Mihajlo Pupin |
| 2000 | 10 Ličnik | St. Vasilij | 13th and 14 January |
| 2000 | 50 Ličnik | Traditional brides dress of Vevčani | Ploska |
| 2000 | 100 Ličnik | Dimitar N. Daskalov | Elementary school in Vevčani |
| 2000 | 500 Ličnik | Naum Poposki - Maliodzha | Ottoman Turkish deed |
| 2000 | 1000 Ličnik | "Felki" - S. Razmoski | Stojan J. Razmoski with a drawing of Jesus Christ |
On 7 August 2020, the anniversary of the Emergency, in cooperation with the mayor of the municipality, the cryptocurrency "crypto ličnik" was launched. This is the official cryptocurrency of the symbolic country.
# Chuck Drulis

Charles John Drulis (March 8, 1918 – August 23, 1972) was an American football player and coach born in Girardville, Pennsylvania. He attended Temple University and played seven seasons in the National Football League (NFL). Drulis, along with his brothers Joe and Albert, who also played in the NFL, was elected into the Pennsylvania Sports Hall of Fame.
Drulis made his professional debut in the NFL in 1942 with the Chicago Bears but spent the next two-and-a-half seasons in military service during World War II. He returned to the Bears in 1945 and played there until 1949. Drulis spent his final season with the Green Bay Packers.
Drulis went on to spend many years as a defensive assistant. During his tenure as secondary coach of the St. Louis Cardinals, Drulis devised a play that called for one of the safeties to take part in a blitz, code-named "Wildcat." He believed this would result in severe pressure on the quarterback, since a blitz by a defensive back is not usually anticipated. However, at first he didn't think he had a player with the athleticism to run the play. That changed during training camp in 1960, when the Cardinals signed a cornerback from Utah named Larry Wilson. Drulis believed he'd found the player he needed for his scheme, and persuaded the Cardinals to convert Wilson to free safety. Largely due to the play, Wilson blossomed into one of the greatest defensive players in NFL history, and became so identified with it that "Wildcat" became his nickname.
After Pop Ivy resigned late in the 1961 season, Drulis shared head coaching duties with fellow assistant coaches Ray Prochaska and Ray Willsey. Under the trio's guidance, the team won its last two games.
Chuck's wife, Dale Drulis, was an artist who was commissioned to create the artwork at the Pro Football Hall of Fame in Canton, Ohio. The 3 hammered copper figures over the entry depict a running back with a blocker and tackler in an action scene. Dale used her husband Chuck and her sons Chuck and Kerry as models for the figures in the sculpture.
On August 23, 1972, Drulis suffered a massive heart attack aboard the chartered flight transporting the Cardinals to Houston for an exhibition game vs. the Oilers the next night. Drulis was pronounced dead before the plane made an emergency landing at Little Rock National Airport. The exhibition went on as scheduled, with the Oilers winning 33-24.
# Yoandy Garlobo

Yoandy Garlobo Romay (January 12, 1977 – July 16, 2023) was a Cuban baseball player who starred for the national team at the 2006 World Baseball Classic. Garlobo was the designated hitter for Cuba at the tournament, where he had a .480 batting average—second only to Ken Griffey Jr. among players with at least 20 plate appearances—and was named to the all-tournament team.
In Cuba, Garlobo was the DH for Matanzas of the Cuban National Series. During the 2005-06 season, he had a .407 batting average.
Yoandy Garlobo died from complications of diabetes on July 16, 2023, at the age of 46.
# Brokdorf Nuclear Power Plant

Brokdorf Nuclear Power Plant (German: Kernkraftwerk Brokdorf, or KBR) is a nuclear power plant near the municipality of Brokdorf in Steinburg, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It has a single reactor with a nameplate capacity of 1440MW$_e$. The plant began operations in October 1986, and was decommissioned on December 31st, 2021 as part of the German phaseout of nuclear power.

## History

Construction began in 1975, and the power plant was commissioned on October 14, 1986. The plant was built by a first-of-its-kind joint venture between PreussenElektra AG and Hamburgische Electricitäts-Werke, since 2002 part of Vattenfall. During the construction phase in the 1970s and 1980s there were violent protests against nuclear power at the location.
In May 2021, the 1,400 MW HVDC subsea power cable NordLink between Norway and Germany's Wilster substation near Brokdorf was opened. With almost the same transmission power as the nuclear power plant used to generate, Norwegian hydro power can almost entirely replace the plant, or alternatively surplus German renewable energy can help supply Norway.
As has been planned since 2011 with the German nuclear phase out, the Brokdorf plant was shut down on 31 December 2021. For a period of time, the closure of the plant forced Germany to rely on coal and natural gas, primarily from Russia, to generate electricity. However, since the destruction of the Nord Stream pipelines, gas has been mainly sourced from other countries.

## Description

The plant is a pressurized water reactor with uranium dioxide fuel elements, which are used in degrees of enrichment of 1.9%, 2.5% and 3.5%. It also uses MOX fuel. There are 193 fuel assemblies In the reactor, with a total heavy-metal weight of 103 tons. The power station has a thermal output of 3765 MW, as well as an electrical output of 1440 MW.
The plant is based on the Vor-Konvoi design, which is used in several other nuclear power plants, such as the Grohnde, Grafenrheinfeld and Philippsburg-2 plants in Germany, and the Angra-2 plant in Brazil. It belongs to the 3rd generation of PWR reactors in Germany. With a net generation of just under 12 billion kWh, it was the worldwide leader in 2005.
Vattenfall Europe Nuclear Energy GmbH owns 20% and PreussenElektra GmbH owns 80% of the plant.
# Cave Creek

Cave Creek may refer to:
* Cave Creek, Arizona, a town in Arizona
* Cave Creek, Tennessee, an unincorporated community in Tennessee
* Cave Creek, Texas, an unincorporated area in Texas north of Fredericksburg
* Cave Creek / Kotihotiho, a stream on the West Coast of New Zealand
** The Cave Creek disaster in New Zealand's Paparoa National Park, in which fourteen people died
* Cave Creek (Boone County), a stream in Missouri
* Cave Creek (Petite Saline Creek), a stream in Missouri
* Cave Creek School, Gillespie County, Texas
* Cave Creek (PCH), the codename for an Intel chipset
# Selston

Selston is a large village and civil parish in the Ashfield District of Nottinghamshire, England. It is situated 12 miles (19.3 km) north-northwest of Nottingham and close to the border with Derbyshire. The village is located between the towns of Kirkby-in-Ashfield, Sutton-in-Ashfield, Eastwood, Alfreton, Heanor and Ripley.
At the time of the 2001 census Selston Parish (which includes the settlements of Underwood, Jacksdale, Westwood, Bagthorpe, New Selston and Selston proper) had a population of 12,208 increasing to 12,596 at the 2011 census, and 12,240 for the 2021 census.
Selston is bounded by Underwood to the south, Annesley to the east, and the Derbyshire border to the west. St Helen's Church dates back to 1150 AD although the exterior of the church was altered by restoration and enlargement in 1899. An older Saxon church is thought to have occupied the site, and there is a monolith in the church yard, which may have been of ceremonial importance for pre-Christian pagans. There is also a community church.
The village is part of Nottinghamshire's Hidden Valleys area.
The local five-a-side football pitch, on the site of the Leisure Centre, was opened by Nottingham Forest legends, Stuart Pearce and Colin Cooper.
Since the year 2000 new housing estates have been built in Selston as more families requested to live in the area. The last trace of the Holland Family, responsible for the building of Matthew Holland School in Selston, was removed when David Holland, great grandson of Matthew, sold his greengrocer's shop. It was demolished in 2005.
In 2006 the Matthew Holland School, having become a specialist school with Visual Arts status, changed its name to the Selston Arts and Community College, and then again a few years later to Selston High School, though remaining a comprehensive school.
One notable resident of Selston was Stephen Cox Wood Sr, who was born in the village in 1873 before his emigration to Canada as a young man. Wood's great-great-grandchildren are the American singers and songwriters Finneas O'Connell and Billie O'Connell (best known by her stage name Billie Eilish).
# La Toque

La Toque is a restaurant in Napa, California owned and operated by Chef Ken Frank. Since its relocation to Napa Valley, La Toque has received critical acclaim, including a Michelin star each year from 2008 to 2021. Fodor's has described the food as French-inspired modern American.

## History

La Toque was established in 1979 by chef Ken Frank on the Sunset Strip in Los Angeles, when he was just 23 years old.
The restaurant gained attention for its use of fresh, seasonal ingredients and its blend of French culinary techniques with Californian influences. After operating in Los Angeles for nearly two decades, Frank relocated the restaurant to Rutherford in Napa Valley in 1998. In 2008, the restaurant moved to its current location within The Westin Verasa Napa hotel in downtown Napa.

## Cuisine

The menu at La Toque integrates classic French cooking techniques with ingredients sourced from the Napa Valley and surrounding regions. The restaurant emphasizes on locally sourced products, focusing on seasonal availability to shape its offerings. Known for its food and wine pairings, La Toque provides wine list with over 2,300 selections.

## Design

La Toque features an interior designed to balance comfort and sophistication. The dining room includes an open kitchen, allowing diners to view the culinary process. The space now features a permanent translucent roof on the Terrace, installed in July 2023.
The Terrace also includes a fireplace and seating. Tables are equipped with floral arrangements, and crystal stemware.

## Reception

La Toque has received critical acclaim for its fusion of French and Californian culinary traditions. The restaurant has been celebrated for its refined dishes and use of seasonal ingredients.
Restaurant's wine program has been recognized by Wine Spectator for its curated wine list, the restaurant has been commended for its food and wine pairings.
A 1994 LA Times article, titled Last Impressions: A Final Tip of the Hat to La Toque, highlighted Frank’s impact on the Los Angeles culinary scene. Similarly, a piece by Colman Andrews in The New York Times praised Frank for his approach to French cuisine and his ability to adapt to the evolving tastes of his clientele.

## Awards

* The Grand Award from Wine Spectator, 2014.
# 1996–97 Croatian Football Cup

The 1996–97 Croatian Football Cup was the sixth edition of Croatia's football knockout competition. Croatia Zagreb were the defending champions, and they won their second successive title.

## Calendar

| Round | Main date | Number of fixtures | Clubs | New entries this round |
| First round | 13 and 26 August 1996 | 16 | 32 → 16 | None |
| Second round | 4 and 10 September 1996 | 8 | 16 → 8 | None |
| Quarter-finals | First legs 16 October 1996, Second legs 22 and 23 October 1996 | 8 | 8 → 4 | None |
| Semi-finals | First legs 9 April 1997, Second legs 16 April 1997 | 4 | 4 → 2 | None |
| Final | 29 May 1997 | 1 | 2 → 1 | None |

## First round

| Tie no | Home team | Score | Away team |
| 1 | Hajduk Pridraga | 1–6 | Hajduk Split |
| 2 | Mladost Hrastovec | 1–3 | Varteks |
| 3 | Napredak Velika Mlaka | 2–3 | Segesta |
| 4 | Orijent | 0–0 (aet) (5–6 p) | Belišće |
| 5 | Gospić | 0–0 (aet) (5–4 p) | Zadarkomerc |
| 6 | Podvinje | 0–1 | Inker Zaprešić |
| 7 | Varaždin | 1–5 | Rijeka |
| 8 | Solin Kaltenberg | 0–3 | NK Zagreb |
| 9 | Mladost 127 | 1–2 (aet) | Osijek |
| 10 | Hrvatski Dragovoljac | 3–1 | Cibalia |
| 11 | Baranja | 1–2 (aet) | Croatia Đakovo |
| 12 | Slavonija Požega | 3–1 | Bjelovar |
| 13 | Slaven Belupo | 1–0 | Istra Pula |
| 14 | Zagorec Krapina | 1–1 (aet) (5–3 p) | Šibenik |
| 15 | PIK Vrbovec | 0–3 | Dubrovnik |
| 16 | Zrinski Bošnjaci | 0–5 | Croatia Zagreb |

## Second round

| Tie no | Home team | Score | Away team |
| 1 | Osijek | 3–0 | Segesta |
| 2 | NK Zagreb | 2–1 | Zagorec Krapina |
| 3 | Inker Zaprešić | 2–1 | Belišće |
| 4 | Slaven Belupo | 3–6 | Croatia Zagreb |
| 5 | Hrvatski Dragovoljac | 1–0 | Rijeka |
| 6 | Gospić | 0–3 | Dubrovnik |
| 7 | Hajduk Split | 3–0 | Slavonija Požega |
| 8 | Varteks | 4–0 | Croatia Đakovo |

## Quarter-finals

| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| Croatia Zagreb | 4–1 | Dubrovnik | 1–1 | 3–0 |
| NK Zagreb | 4–0 | Inker Zaprešić | 3–0 | 1–0 |
| Osijek | 4–3 | Hajduk Split | 2–1 | 2–2 |
| Varteks | 2–4 | Hrvatski Dragovoljac | 1–3 | 1–1 |

## Semi-finals

Croatia Zagreb won 2–1 on aggregate.
NK Zagreb won 6–2 on aggregate.

## Final

CROATIA ZAGREB: :
| GK | 1 | Dražen Ladić (c) |
| DF | 6 | Srđan Mladinić |
| DF | 26 | Goran Jurić |
| DF | 13 | Dario Šimić |
| DF | 2 | Damir Krznar |
| MF | 7 | Josip Gašpar | | 22' |
| DF | 15 | Daniel Šarić |
| MF | 14 | Edin Mujčin |
| MF | 4 | Silvio Marić | 90' |
| FW | 21 | Igor Cvitanović |
| FW | 9 | Mark Viduka | | 89' |
| Substitutes: |||
| FW | | Vladimir Petrović | | 22' |
| DF | | Stjepan Tomas | | 89' |
| Manager: |||
| Otto Barić |||
NK ZAGREB: :
| GK | 1 | Sandro Tomić |
| DF | 17 | Dražen Biškup (c) |
| DF | 6 | Mario Osibov |
| DF | 8 | Jasenko Sabitović |
| MF | 22 | Ibrahim Duro |
| DF | 2 | Marinko Galić | 60' |
| FW | 9 | Nino Bule | | 79' |
| DF | 14 | Vjekoslav Škrinjar |
| MF | 15 | Sunaj Keqi | | 62' |
| FW | 10 | Mate Baturina | | 46' |
| FW | 25 | Elvis Scoria | 45' |
| Substitutes: |||
| MF | | Željko Sopić | | 46' |
| MF | | Mario Čižmek | | 62' |
| MF | | Robert Regvar | | 79' |
| Manager: |||
| Krešimir Ganjto |||
# Gabriela Muskała

Gabriela Muskała (born 11 June 1969) is a Polish actress, screenwriter and director.

## Life and career

Muskała was born in Kłodzko, Poland, and graduated from the Łódź Film School in 1994. Since 1997 she performed in the Stefan Jaracz Theatre and from 2005 in the Dramatic Theatre in Warsaw. In same time, Muskała began appearing in film and television, playing supporting and leading roles. She was a regular cast member in television series The Londoners, Paradoks and Gleboka woda. In 2013, Muskała received Gloria Artis Medal for Merit to Culture.
Muskała received Gdynia Film Festival Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in the 2011 action drama film, Courage. She later starred opposite Agata Kulesza in the comedy-drama film These Daughters of Mine (2015), for which she received her first Polish Academy Award for Best Actress nomination. In 2018 she wrote the script and starred in the drama film Fugue, for which she received positive reviews from critics and Polish Film Award for Discovery of Year. Muskała also received her second Polish Academy Award for Best Actress nomination, and also Best Supporting Actress nomination for 7 Feelings. From 2023 to 2024 she starred opposite Agata Kulesza in the crime drama series, The Convict. In 2023, she wrote and directed the drama film, The Clowns.

## Selected filmography

* Conversation with a Cupboard Man (1993)
* One Long Winter Without Fire (2004)
* Zero (2009)
* Janosik: A True Story (2009)
* The General: The Gibraltar Assassination (2009)
* Courage (2011)
* Life Feels Good (2013)
* These Daughters of Mine (2015)
* Volhynia (2016)
* Fugue (2018)
* Nobody Sleeps in the Woods Tonight (2020)
* Inheritance (2024)
# 8th Utah Territorial Legislature

The 8th Utah Territorial Legislature comprised members of the Territorial Council serving the second year of their terms, together with members of the House of Representatives elected to one-year terms.

## Session

The legislative session convened amid some confusion on December 13, 1858. While newly installed Governor Alfred Cumming summoned the Legislative Assembly to meet in Fillmore at the Territorial Statehouse, only a minority of legislators appeared there when the session opened. It is not clear if Cumming was aware that the 1856 session of the legislature had abandoned Fillmore and relocated the capital to Salt Lake City, but on that basis a quorum of both houses initially met at the Social Hall in Salt Lake. The Salt Lake City group adjourned and traveled to Fillmore where the session resumed with the majority of the legislature on December 18. The legislators apparently were able to convince Cumming of the inadequate accommodations in Fillmore and inconvenience relative to population centers, especially as the Governor's office was also in Salt Lake. The Assembly thus passed a resolution with his approval to adjourn again and re-convene in Salt Lake City on December 27. The session then concluded as scheduled on January 21, 1859.

## Members

| Name | County | Office |
| Territorial Council: ||||
| Lewis Brunson | Millard | |
| Albert Carrington | Salt Lake | |
| Lorin Farr | Weber | |
| Leonard E. Harrington | Utah | |
| Joseph Holbrook | Davis | |
| Benjamin F. Johnson | Utah | |
| Heber C. Kimball | Salt Lake | |
| Franklin D. Richards | Salt Lake | |
| George A. Smith | Iron | |
| Lorenzo Snow | Weber | |
| Warren S. Snow | San Pete | |
| Daniel H. Wells | Salt Lake | President |
| Wilford Woodruff | Salt Lake | President pro tem |
| Territorial House of Representatives: ||||
| Jacob G. Bigler | Juab | |
| Hiram B. Clawson | Salt Lake | |
| Robert D. Covington | Iron | |
| James W. Cummings | Salt Lake | |
| Philo T. Farnsworth | Millard | |
| Isaac C. Haight | Iron | |
| Samuel Henderson | Davis | |
| Orson Hyde | Salt Lake | |
| Aaron Johnson | Utah | Speaker pro tem |
| Jesse C. Little | Salt Lake | |
| Alexander McRae | Salt Lake | |
| William J. Osborn | Green River | |
| George Peacock | San Pete | |
| Charles C. Rich | Davis | |
| Samuel W. Richards | Salt Lake | |
| Albert P. Rockwood | Salt Lake | |
| John Rowberry | Tooele | |
| James C. Snow | Utah | |
| Daniel Spencer | Salt Lake | |
| Hosea Stout | Salt Lake | |
| John Taylor | Salt Lake | Speaker |
| Preston Thomas | Utah | |
| Chauncey W. West | Weber | |
| Edwin D. Woolley | Salt Lake | |
| Jonathan C. Wright | Box Elder | |
| Joseph A. Young | Salt Lake | |