OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# ASRAD-HELLAS

ASRAD Hellas is an advanced short range air defense system developed by Rheinmetall. The Greek army has acquired 54 vehicle-mounted STINGER ASRAD Hellas (German design). The ASRAD Hellas is configured to enable reliable target detection, identification, and engagement during day or night under all possible conditions of visibility and weather. Due to its modularity and flexibility, the ASRAD Hellas fire unit embodies significant growth potential, permitting it to operate with passive and active surveillance sensors such as infrared search and track devices, and external surveillance 2D or 3D radars. The system is operated by a two-man team, composed of a weapons operator and a driver.

## Advantages

Advantages of the system include:
* Fast deployment (less than five minutes after unloading, e.g. from a helicopter)
* Fast reaction (no more than 10 seconds)
* Reliable multi-target capability
* High operational availability
* Automatic system operation mode (limitation of human errors)
* Ease of operation, training and maintenance
* Automatic system test (built-in test equipment/BITE)
* Stationary defense (fixed assets, area defense, remote control mode)
* Mobile defense (convoys, task forces, maneuvering elements)
* Cooperative logistics among user nations
* Large growth potential due to the modular system concept

## Additional information

For integrated system operations during national and international missions, the ASRAD Hellas can be equipped with additional C3I interface software for network-enabled operations and links to upper echelon allied operation centers. The system can be deployed in either stationary or mobile mode. Limitations of the STINGER missile with respect to pitch and roll acceleration on the move have had to be taken into account. During stationary operation the control and display unit (CDU) can be separated from the vehicle and connected to the system by a cable for remote operation. The maximum distance for remote control is 100 metres. Germany and Finland use similar systems.
# 1610 in science

The year 1610 in science and technology involved some significant events.

## Astronomy

* January 7 – Galileo Galilei first observes the four large Galilean moons of Jupiter: Ganymede, Callisto, Europa and Io, although he is unable to distinguish the latter two until the following night. In the same year he publishes his first observations by telescope in a short treatise entitled Sidereus Nuncius ("Sidereal Messenger").
* December – English scientist Thomas Harriot becomes one of the first to view sunspots through a telescope
* The Orion Nebula is discovered by Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc.

## Medicine

* Diphtheria epidemic in Naples, during which Marco Aurelio Severino performs successful tracheotomies.

## Technology

* Jean Beguin publishes Tyrocinium Chymicum, the first book of chemistry lectures.
* Tinsel is invented by a German silversmith, who uses real silver for the metal strands.
* Bagels are created in Kraków, Poland and given as gifts to women after childbirth.

## Births

* February 2 – Pierre Bourdelot, French physician, anatomist, freethinker, abbé and libertine (died 1685)
* Maria Cunitz, Silesian astronomer (died 1664)
* Marie Meurdrac, French chemist and alchemist (died 1680)

## Deaths

* Abul Qasim ibn Mohammed al-Ghassani, Moroccan physician (born 1548)
* Nikola Vitov Gučetić, Ragusan polymath (born 1549)
* Peter Lowe, Scottish surgeon (born c. 1550)
* Paarangot Jyeshtadevan Namboodiri, Keralan mathematician and astronomer (born c. 1500)
* December 31 – Ludolph van Ceulen, German mathematician (born 1540)
# Le Mesnil-Auzouf

Le Mesnil-Auzouf (French pronunciation: ) is a former commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Dialan sur Chaîne.
# Oga Boss

Oga Boss is the second studio album by Nigerian rapper Illbliss. It was released on 24 September 2012, by Capital Hill Music. The album features guest appearances from Chidinma, Tha Suspect, Ice Prince, Phyno, Del B, Timaya, Banky W., Silvastone, Naeto C, Wizboyy, Stormrex and R Cube. The album's production was handled by Tha Suspect, Phyno, Legendury Beatz, XYZ, Silvastone, Wizboyy, Wazzbeat, and Del B. Oga Boss was supported by the singles, "Illyminate", "Emi Ni Baller", "Anamachi Kwanu", "My Heart Beats", and "Naalu Ekene". The album was primarily recorded in English, Pidgin English, and Igbo.

## Singles

The lead single "Anamachi Kwanu" features vocals and production from Phyno. "Anamachi Kwanu" was released on 14 October 2011 and was nominated for Best Rap Single at The Headies 2013. The album's second single "I'm Going In" was released on 16 November 2011. It was produced by Wazzbeat. The third single, "Illyminate", features vocals from Tha Suspect and was produced by Tha Suspect. "Illyminate" was released on 31 December 2011. The fourth single "Emi Ni Baller" features Chidinma and Tha Suspect and was produced by Legendury Beatz. The song was released on 14 September 2012. "Emi Ni Baller" was nominated for Best Collaboration at The Headies 2013. The fifth single "2 Hands" was released on 25 October 2012. It features R Cube. The sixth and final single is a remix of one of Illbliss's earlier singles, "My Heart Beats". The remix features Banky W. and Silvastone and was produced by Silvastone.

## Critical reception

Ayomide Tayo of Nigerian Entertainment Today rated the album a 4, saying that "Illbliss doesn’t make an attempt to please everyone. He is comfortable where he is at in the game. His sophomore album is a testament of hard work, ambition, determination and success. With a confident and solid second album, Illbliss reigns as the boss of all bosses." Adebayo Adebiyi enjoyed the album, describing it as "sensational body of work that thematically brands Illbliss as the Big boss of Nigerian Hip Hop".

### Accolades

Oga Boss was nominated for Best Rap Album at The Headies 2013.

## Personnel

* Illbliss – primary artist
* Phyno – featured artist
* Tha Suspect – featured artist
* Chidinma – featured artist
* Naeto C – featured artist
* Wizboyy – featured artist
* Timaya – featured artist
* Silvastone – featured artist
* Ice Prince – featured artist
* Banky W. – featured artist
* Stormrex – featured artist
* Del B – featured artist
* Del B – featured artist
* Phyno – producer
* Wizboyy – producer
* Tha Suspect – producer
* XYZ – producer
* Silvastone – producer
* Legendury Beatz – producer
* Wazzbeat – producer
* Tha Suspect – mastering engineer
* Clarence Peters – video director

## Release history

Release history and formats for Oga Boss :
| Region | Date | Format | Label |
| Nigeria | 24 September 2012 | CDdigital download | Capital Hill MusicThe Goretti Company |
# Hungarian Brazilians

Hungarian Brazilians (Portuguese: húngaro-brasileiros or magiar-brasileiros, Hungarian: brazíliai magyarok) are Brazilians of full, partial, or predominantly Hungarian ancestry, or Hungarian-born people who emigrated to Brazil.
According to the Embassy of Hungary to Brazil, there are between 80,000 and 100,000 Brazilians of Hungarian descent, most of them living in São Paulo and 8-10% living in Rio de Janeiro.

## History

The Hungarian brothers João Carlos and Francisco Hofbauer (Portuguese written) came to Brazil from the city of Győr in 1826, escaping from political persecution. By the time they arrived in Brazil, they changed their surnames from Hofbauer to Hungria (Hungary, in Portuguese), founding the Hungria family in Brazil.
There is also the former Hungarian Baptist Church, that recently changed its name to Igreja Batista Metropolitana, in the Lapa neighborhood of São Paulo, on Pio XI street. A large Hungarian community erected this church in the mid 20th century, and held services in Hungarian until 1998. Today all services are in Portuguese, but a few descendants of the Hungarian community still can be seen in this church.

## Notable Hungarian Brazilians

* Adriane Galisteu
* Alexander Lenard
* Cássia Kiss
* Dalton Vigh
* Gastão Rosenfeld
* Ilona Szabó de Carvalho
* Kevin Kurányi
* Paulo Miklos
* Paulo Rónai
* Rafael Lusvarghi
* Roberto Justus
* Lajos Ferenz Kokay
* Erika Kokay
* Alceu de Freitas Wamosy
# Montana Township, Jewell County, Kansas

Montana Township is a township in Jewell County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2000 census, its population was 93.

## Geography

Montana Township covers an area of 36.43 square miles (94.35 square kilometers); of this, 0.05 square miles (0.13 square kilometers) or 0.14 percent is water.

### Adjacent townships

* Jackson Township (east)
* Sinclair Township (southeast)
* Richland Township (south)
* Holmwood Township (southwest)
* Harrison Township (west)

### Cemeteries

The township contains one cemetery, Montana.

### Major highways

* K-14
# Weiske's tiger

Weiske's tiger (Parantica weiskei) is a species of nymphalid butterfly in the Danainae subfamily. It is found in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea.
# Clark and Sorrell Garage

Clark and Sorrell Garage is a historic automobile repair shop located at Durham, Durham County, North Carolina. It was built in 1932, and is a one-story brick building, three bays wide and four bays deep, with a flat tar and gravel roof. It was expanded about 1941 with a seven bay, brick-faced addition. The addition features an Art Moderne style entrance with a stuccoed surround. Attached to the garage is a two-story office building. It is the oldest auto repair garage still in operation in the city.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.
# Isabella Gardner (poet)

Isabella Gardner (September 7, 1915 – July 7, 1981) was an American poet and actress. She worked as an associate editor for Poetry from 1951 through 1955 alongside Ken Shapiro. She is the namesake of the Isabella Gardner Poetry Award.

## Early life and education

Gardner was born in Newton, Massachusetts on September 7, 1951. She was raised in Boston and had 5 brothers and sisters. Gardner was named for her great aunt Isabella Stewart Gardner, an art collector and philanthropist. She was also the cousin of the poet Robert Lowell.
In 1931, Gardner attended the Foxcroft School in Virginia. Originally interested in theater, Gardner studied at the Leighton Rollins School of Acting and in 1937, enrolled in the Embassy School of Acting in London.

## Career

Gardner started her career in theater, acting in both New York and Boston. She was later encouraged by the poet Oscar Williams to focus on her own poetry, eventually having poems published in Poetry. In 1951, Gardner started as an associate editor at Poetry, working under the poet Karl Shapiro. In this role, Gardner was responsible for reviewing submissions for publication, passing them up to Shapiro for final selection. Shapiro helped introduce Gardner to a larger audience, including the poet Edith Sitwell, who described Gardner as "a most talented young woman poet".
Gardner published her first collection of poems, Birthdays from the Ocean, in 1955. The book was a critical success and a runner-up for the National Book Award for Poetry. In 1954, Gardner became a sponsor the poet Gregory Corso and briefly provided him with financial support. In her role as associate editor, she liked his poems but was unable to get them published in Poetry under Shapiro.
Gardner married poet Allen Tate in August, 1959. Unlike Corso, Tate was described as "viscerally anti-Beat" by Marian Janssen in her biography of Isabella Gardner. Tate later left her for one of his younger students, and Gardner went to live in the Hotel Chelsea. Gardner and Tate divorced in 1966.
In 1961, she published The Looking Glass, which was also a finalist for the National Book Award. In 1980, she published her final book, That Was Then: New and Selected Poems, which was described as offering "a lifetime of experience--whole but maturing". That Was Then was nominated for an American Book Award.

## Death and legacy

Gardner died in Manhattan on July 7, 1981.
Janssen described Gardner's poetry as traditional, saying she was a "master of poetic forms from villanelle to triolet".
In 1982, she was posthumously awarded the Walt Whitman Citation of Merit for poetry.
Publishing house BOA Editions presents the Isabella Gardner Poetry Award, a biennial award for "mid-career poet[s] of exceptional merit".

## Works

* Birthdays from the Ocean (1955)
* The Looking Glass (1961)
* West of Childhood (1965)
* That Was Then: New and Selected Poems (1980)
# Ernest Fisk

Sir Ernest Thomas Fisk (8 August 1886 – 8 July 1965) was an English Australian businessman and entrepreneur, TV and radio engineer, he was the founder (1913) and later managing director (1916) and chairman (1932) of AWA. In 1944 was appointed managing director of the EMI music empire.

## Biography
### Early life and training

Born the second child of Thomas Harvey Fisk and Charlotte Harritte Holland, he was educated at local Australian schools, although also enrolled at the United Kingdom College, a private London coaching college, he subsequently attended the University of Sydney in 1917, to do a diploma course in the Department of Economics and Commerce.
In June 1906, Fisk joined the Marconi Training School, and at Liverpool and Chelmsford, learnt morse code and wireless technology, qualifying as a radio operator and engineer.

## Career

Fisk from selling newspapers, graduated in engineering in the works of Frederick Walton, before becoming one of the first telegraphists at the British Post Office.
from 1909 he worked at American Marconi, demonstrating wireless technology
When first visiting Australia in mid-1910 he demonstrated the Marconi Apparatus for the Orient Steam Navigation Company.
22 September 1918 he proved the possibility of direct radio communication from the UK to Australia by Billy Hughes and Sir Joseph Cook, receiving the first such message at his Sydney home, "Lucania". A memorial was erected on 14 December 1935 to celebrate the achievement.
In August 1919, Sydney received its first demonstration of radio telephony.
Throughout his career he held many key positions in the electronics industry. In the 1950s he predicted that color televisions would be in world-wide use within 30 years, and solar power would be used to cool and heat houses.
Fiskville, Victoria, about 10 kilometres south of Ballan, is named after him. From 1927 to 1969 it was the location of the shortwave wireless transmitting complex operated by AWA as part of the Imperial Wireless Chain.

## Honours

source: Australian Dictionary of Biography
In 1933, he was invested to the Order of the Crown of Italy
Fisk received the King George V Silver Jubilee Medal in 1935
Fisk was knighted on 11 May 1937.

## Gallery

* Ernest Fisk's house "Lucania", Wahroonga, Sydney, Australia. Site of the first wireless message from Wales to Australia, 22 September 1918.
* The monument erected 14 December 1935.
* The monument.
* The monument with "Lucania" behind.
* Detail of inscription on the monument Part I.
* Detail of inscription on the monument Part II.
* Detail of inscription on the monument Part III.
* Bicentennial plaque celebrating the achievement 70 years later in 1988.
# Perttula executions

The Perttula executions, also known as the "Perttula Blood Weddings", took place during the Pentecost between May 18 and May 20, 1918, during the Finnish Civil War, when Finnish Whites shot about 30-40 Finnish Reds or suspected communists. The executions took place in the village of Perttula, Nurmijärvi and were carried out by a battalion of Swedish-speaking Western-Uusimaa partisans of the White Guard. It was led by Swedish Lieutenant-Colonel Edward Ward, with former Russian Army officer Ivar Hast and Chief of Defense Ivar Ståhle as the company commanders.
The exact number of executions in Perttula is unknown, but the number of victims is estimated at 29-37. The youngest victim was only 16 years old and there were women among the executed.
# Chang Hao (historian)

Chang Hao (Chinese: 張灝; 30 April 1936 – 21 April 2022) was a Taiwanese historian and sinologist.

## Life

Chang was a native of Xiamen, born on 30 April 1936 to parents Wang Hui-fen and Chang Ch’ing-chen. Due to the Chinese Civil War, he and his family moved to Chongqing, then Nanjing, before settling in Taiwan in 1949. He graduated from National Taiwan University in 1957, having studied under Yin Haiguang. Chang earned a Master of Arts (M.A.) degree in 1961 and a Ph.D. from Harvard University in 1966, advised by Benjamin I. Schwartz and Yang Lien-sheng.
Chang began his teaching career at Louisiana State University in 1964, then moved to Ohio State University in 1968, and joined the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology faculty in 1998, eventually retiring in 2004, and relocating to Reston, Virginia, the following year. Chang was elected an academician of Academia Sinica in 1992, and affiliated with the Academia Sinica's Institute of History and Philology as a corresponding research fellow. In 2022, Chang donated his papers and books to Taiwan's National Central Library.
Chang Hao was married to Liao Jung-jung from 1964 to her death in 2019, of Alzheimer's disease. In later life, Chang was also diagnosed with Alzheimer's, and moved to California to be nearer to one of his daughters. Chang died in Albany, California, aged 85, on 21 April 2022.

## Selected books

* Chang, Hao (1971). Liang Ch'i-ch'ao and Intellectual Transition in China, 1890-1907. Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674530096.
* Chang, Hao (1987). Chinese Intellectuals in Crisis: Search for Order and Meaning, 1890-1911. University of California Press. ISBN 9780520053786.
# Eclectic Medical College of Pennsylvania

Eclectic Medical College of Pennsylvania, later American University of Philadelphia, was a medical college in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania during the 19th century that followed the eclectic model of medicine. It absorbed Philadelphia College of Medicine and Surgery. Alumni included Anthony Stanford who became a state senator in Arkansas.
# Edgartown School

The Edgartown School is located on Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts. Current enrollment stands at about 348. The school mascot is the Eagle.
This school has a well-developed enrichment program which includes NAL, The math program "EPGY", Edgartown readers, KMO, etc. and mock trial. In February 2006 the boys' varsity basketball team won the island championship. In 2008 the girls' softball team won the island championship.
The school recently built a new building, replacing the old red brick one of 50 years. The two school buildings are connected by the gym. The basketball team of 2008 came in second place. The volleyball team came in first place in 2008. In 2012, the lady's basketball team claimed first place. Also, in 2013 both the girls' and the boys' basketball teams won first place in the tough championships. 2013: Edgartown Boys vs Charter Boys. In 2014 the boys' basketball team came up just short in a final against Tisbury by a score of 47-33
# Edgewood Magnet School

Edgewood Creative Thinking Through STEAM Magnet School is a STEAM magnet school located in New Haven, Connecticut. The school teaches kindergarten through eighth grade, and the principal is Shanta Smith. Edgewood was the first school redone in the New Haven school renovation project. There are approximately 450 students who attend the school.
41°19′05″N 72°57′38″W﻿ / ﻿41.31806°N 72.96056°W﻿ / 41.31806; -72.96056
# Edinburgh Community High School

Edinburgh Community High School is a public high school located in the south suburban Indianapolis community of Edinburgh, Indiana, United States. The campus consists of the 1957 Lancer Gymnasium and vocational wing, which are interconnected via walkway to the two-story academic wing, built in 1971. A community center and administration building were built north of the high school in 1980.

## History

In 1838, George Cutsinger donated land at 500 East Main Cross for a public school. This school burned in 1867 and was replaced in 1869 by a new building on Schoolhouse Hill north of the present high school. This two-story brick building was used until 1911, and the school was razed and replaced a year later with the gymnasium and vocational areas added in the basement. In 1924, a new junior/senior high school was annexed to the north to accommodate the influx of new students related to the opening of nearby Camp Atterbury. A separate annex was added in 1953. The high school students relocated to a new nearby building in 1971, and the building on Schoolhouse Hill was reused as a middle school until 1980, when it was torn down.
The Edinburgh Community School Corporation discussed renaming the athletic field on Campbell Street at the west end of campus in memory of former physical education teacher Steve Hollenbeck, following his death in 2012.
In 2014 the bleachers at the school were damaged by high winds.
The school's 2013-14 handbook contains a history of the school corporation.

## Program

Along with other Johnson County schools, Edinburgh CHS is making use of modern computer and online technology to improve communication between students, parents and teachers, reducing paper use and presenting students with better access to information.

## Extracurricular activities

* Fall sports: boys' tennis, girls' golf, cross country, football, volleyball, marching band
* Winter sports: basketball, cheerleading, pep band
* Spring sports: baseball/softball, girls' tennis, track, boys' golf
* Clubs: Audio/Visual, Business Club, Chess Club, Drama Club, Euchre Club, French Club, National Honor Society, Spanish Club, Students Against Drunk Driving, Student Council
# Anna Pohjanen

Anna Karin Severina Pohjanen (born 25 January 1974) is a Swedish former football midfielder who played in the Damallsvenskan for Sunnanå SK and Älvsjö AIK. She won 51 caps for the Sweden women's national football team, scoring eight goals, and appeared at the 1995 FIFA Women's World Cup and the 1996 Summer Olympics.
Pohjanen retired from football aged 27 to start a new career as a pop singer. She released her debut album "Better Things To Do" in December 2001, then went on tour in 2002.
She then moved into television punditry and worked for Sveriges Television on their football coverage. Pohjanen also founded a sport management company and is an advisor to several leading women's footballers in Sweden. Sveriges Television removed her from her role as a pundit in 2007, amid concerns of a potential conflict of interest.

## Football career

Ahead of the 1998 season, Älvsjö AIK beat competition from other clubs to sign Pohjanen from Sunnanå SK, where she had spent her entire career to that point. In her first season Älvsjö secured their fourth successive Damallsvenskan title, gaining Pohjanen her first winner's medal. She won her second in 1999, when Älvsjö retained their title again.
After the 2000 season, Pohjanen considered retiring from football to concentrate on her music. But she accepted a new contract from Älvsjö which allowed her to miss training for her recording sessions. She stopped playing altogether after 2001.
Pohjanen later worked as an advisor to women's football players and founded a sports management firm with lawyer and former Älvsjö teammate Lotta Fridh. She was careful not to have any involvement in transfers as she was not a FIFA-registered agent.

## Music career

Singer-songwriter Pohjanen released debut album "Better Things To Do" in December 2001 on Label This, a subsidiary of Bonnier Amigo Music Group (BAMG). It contained lyrics in English, underpinned by guitar-based soft rock. The album received a mixed critical reception; with Norrköpings Tidningar praising "competent", "worthy" pop in the PJ Harvey mould. Svenska Dagbladet's review was less complementary, suggesting that none of the songs got off the ground. The album failed to chart.

## Personal life

In 1999 Pohjanen was in a relationship with professional National Hockey League (NHL) player Mats Lindgren.
# Montamy

Montamy (French pronunciation: ) is a former commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Souleuvre-en-Bocage. The 18th-century French civil servant and encyclopédiste Didier-François d'Arclais de Montamy was born in Montany.