# 1814 United States House of Representatives elections in New York

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vte :
The 1814 United States House of Representatives elections in New York were held from April 26 to 28, 1814, to elect 27 U.S. Representatives to represent the State of New York in the United States House of Representatives of the 14th United States Congress.

## Background

27 U.S. Representatives had been elected in December 1812 to a term in the 13th United States Congress beginning on March 4, 1813. Representative-elect William Dowse died in February 1813, and John M. Bowers was declared elected in a special election, and seated. Isaac Williams, Jr. contested Bowers's election, and succeeded to the seat in January 1814. Egbert Benson resigned his seat in August 1812, and William Irving was elected to fill the vacancy. The representatives' term would end on March 3, 1815. The congressional elections were held together with the State elections in late April 1814, about ten months before the term would start on March 4, 1815, and about a year and a half before Congress actually met on December 4, 1815.

## Congressional districts

The districts remained the same as at the previous elections in 1812, only one new county was created: in the 12th D., Warren Co. was split from Washington Co.
* The 1st District (two seats) comprising the 1st and 2nd Ward of New York County, and Kings, Queens, Suffolk and Richmond counties.
* The 2nd District (two seats) comprising the other eight wards of New York County.
* The 3rd District comprising Westchester and Rockland counties.
* The 4th District comprising Dutchess County, except the towns of Rhinebeck and Clinton; and Putnam County.
* The 5th District comprising Columbia County; and Rhinebeck and Clinton in Dutchess County.
* The 6th District comprising Orange County.
* The 7th District comprising Ulster and Sullivan counties.
* The 8th District comprising Delaware and Greene counties.
* The 9th District comprising Albany County.
* The 10h District comprising Rensselaer County.
* The 11th District comprising Saratoga County.
* The 12th District (two seats) comprising Clinton, Essex, Franklin, Washington and Warren counties.
* The 13th District comprising Schenectady and Schoharie counties.
* The 14th District comprising Montgomery County.
* The 15th District (two seats) comprising Chenango, Broome and Otsego counties.
* The 16h District comprising Oneida County.
* The 17th District comprising Herkimer and Madison counties.
* The 18h District comprising St. Lawrence, Jefferson and Lewis counties.
* The 19th District comprising Onondaga and Cortland counties.
* The 20th District (two seats) comprising Tioga, Steuben, Cayuga and Seneca counties.
* The 21st District (two seats) comprising Ontario, Genesee, Allegany, Niagara and Chautauqua counties.
Note: There are now 62 counties in the State of New York. The counties which are not mentioned in this list had not yet been established, or sufficiently organized, the area being included in one or more of the abovementioned counties.

## Result

19 Democratic-Republicans and 8 Federalists were declared elected to the 14th Congress. The incumbents Irving, Grosvenor, Lovett, Moffitt, Taylor, Kent and Comstock were re-elected; the incumbents Winter, Shipherd and Geddes were defeated. Adams and Smith, both Federalists, had credentials issued but their Democratic-Republican opponents successfully contested the elections, so that New York was represented by 21 Democratic-Republicans and 6 Federalists in the 14th Congress.
1814 United States House election result :
| District | Democratic-Republican | Democratic-Republican | Federalist | Federalist | Democratic-Republican | Democratic-Republican | Federalist | Federalist |
| 1st | George Townsend | 4,241 | William Townsend | 3,587 | Peter H. Wendover | 96 | John Anthon | 17 |
| 1st | Henry Crocheron | 4,231 | Cornelius Bedell | 3,581 | William Irving | 46 | Jacob Lorillard | 15 |
| 2nd | William Irving | 4,577 | John Anthon | 4,119 | George Townsend | 14 | William Townsend | 17 |
| 2nd | Peter H. Wendover | 4,533 | Jacob Lorillard | 4,119 | Henry Crocheron | 7 | Cornelius Bedell | 16 |
| 3rd | Jonathan Ward | 1,504 | Richard Valentine Morris | 1,446 | Philip Van Cortlandt | 348 | | |
| 4th | Abraham H. Schenck | 2,117 | Abraham Bockee | 1,803 | | | | |
| 5th | Edward P. Livingston | 1,909 | Thomas P. Grosvenor | 3,074 | | | | |
| 6th | Jonathan Fisk | 2,345 | Jonas Storey | 661 | | | | |
| 7th | Samuel Betts | 1,952 | Elnathan Sears | 1,499 | | | | |
| 8th | Erastus Root | 1,638 | John Adams | 1,968 | Erastus Rott | 576 | | |
| 9th | Robert L. Tillotson | 1,003 | John Lovett | 1,777 | | | | |
| 10th | Josiah Masters | 1,860 | Hosea Moffitt | 2,563 | | | | |
| 11th | John W. Taylor | 2,133 | Elisha Powell | 1,557 | | | | |
| 12th | John Savage | 4,170 | Elisha I. Winter | 3,955 | | | | |
| 12th | Benjamin Pond | 4,137 | Zebulon R. Shipherd | 3,926 | | | | |
| 13th | John B. Yates | 2,144 | Lawrence Vrooman | 1,566 | | | | |
| 14th | John McCarthy | 2,340 | Daniel Cady | 2,520 | | | | |
| 15th | Jabez D. Hammond | 4,820 | Robert Campbell | 3,812 | | | | |
| 15th | James Birdsall | 4,785 | Tracy Robinson | 3,785 | | | | |
| 16th | Nathan Williams | 2,159 | Thomas R. Gold | 2,821 | | | | |
| 17th | Westel Willoughby, Jr. | 2,466 | William S. Smith | 2,510 | Westel Willoughby | 309 | | |
| 18th | Samuel Whittlesey | 1,862 | Moss Kent | 2,177 | | | | |
| 19th | Victory Birdseye | 2,414 | James Geddes | 1,684 | | | | |
| 20th | Enos T. Throop | 5,055 | Emanuel Coryell | 1,838 | | | | |
| 20th | Oliver C. Comstock | 5,013 | Seth Phelps | 1,833 | | | | |
| 21st | Micah Brooks | 5,967 | Daniel W. Lewis | 4,913 | | | | |
| 21st | Peter B. Porter | 5,870 | Richard Smith | 4,893 | | | | |
Note: The Anti-Federalists called themselves "Republicans." However, at the same time, the Federalists called them "Democrats" which was meant to be pejorative. After some time both terms got more and more confused, and sometimes used together as "Democratic Republicans" which later historians have adopted (with a hyphen) to describe the party from the beginning, to avoid confusion with both the later established and still existing Democratic and Republican parties.

## Aftermath, special elections and contested election

Benjamin Pond, elected in the 12th District, died on October 6, 1814, before the congressional term began. A special election to fill the vacancy was held at the time of the annual State election in April 1815, and was won by Asa Adgate, of the same party.
Jonathan Fisk, elected in the 6th District, accepted in March 1815 an appointment as United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York, and resigned his seat. A special election to fill the vacancy was held at the time of the annual State election in April 1815, and was won by James W. Wilkin, of the same party.
1815 United States House special election result :
| District | Democratic-Republican | Democratic-Republican | Federalist | Federalist |
| 6th | James W. Wilkin | 1,429 | Samuel S. Seward | 981 |
| 12th | Asa Adgate | 4,247 | Elisha I. Winter | 4,051 |
The House of Representatives of the 14th United States Congress met for the first time at the Old Brick Capitol in Washington, D.C., on December 4, 1815, and Betts, Birdsall, Brooks, Comstock, Crocheron, Gold, Hammond, Lovett, Moffitt, Savage, Schenck, Taylor, Throop, Townsend, Ward and Wilkin took their seats on this day. Adgate took his seat on December 7; Porter on December 11; Cady on December 12; Kent on December 13; Grosvenor and Yates on December 18; Birdseye on December 20; Wendover on December 21; and Irving on January 22, 1816.
Westel Willoughby, Jr. contested the election of William S. Smith in the 17th District. The Committee on Elections found that the election inspectors in the towns of German Flatts and Litchfield had returned 299 votes for "Westel Willoughby" although all these votes had in fact been given for "Westel Willoughby, Jr." The Secretary of State of New York, receiving the abovementioned result, issued credentials for Smith. On February 23, 1815, Willoughby, Jr., gave notice to Smith, informing that he would claim the seat, and appointed a time and place to take testimony. Smith did not appear in Congress to claim the seat, and on December 13, 1815, the House declared Willoughby, Jr., entitled to the seat instead of Smith, and Willoughby, Jr., took his seat.
Erastus Root contested the election of John Adams in the 8th District. The Committee on Elections found that a deputy county clerk of Greene Co. had mistakenly written Root's name as "Rott" when transcribing the returns from the towns of Catskill, New Baltimore, Coxsackie, Durham and Greenville. The Secretary of State of New York, receiving the abovementioned result, issued credentials for Adams, but Adams did not appear to claim the seat. A total of 576 votes had been given for Root in these towns and, added to the correctly transcribed returns, gave him a majority of 246 in the district. On December 26, 1815, the House declared Root entitled to the seat instead of Adams, and Root took his seat.
Peter B. Porter had been appointed a Commissioner under the Treaty of Ghent. Article I, Section 6, of the United States Constitution says that "...no Person holding any Office under the United States, shall be a Member of either House during his Continuance in Office." Porter was determined to keep his seat, but after some debate, resigned on January 23, 1816. A special election to fill the vacancy was held at the time of the annual State election in April 1816, and was won by Archibald S. Clarke, of the same party. Clarke took his seat on December 2, 1816.
After being defeated for re-election, Enos T. Throop resigned his seat on June 4, 1816. A special election to fill the vacancy was held in September 1816, and was won by Daniel Avery, of the same party. Avery took his seat on December 3, 1816.
1816 United States House special election result :
| District | Democratic-Republican | Democratic-Republican | Democratic-Republican | Democratic-Republican |
| 20th | Daniel Avery | 1,915 | Charles Kellogg | 1,641 |