# Northamptonshire Uplands

The Northamptonshire Uplands are an English National Character Area that lie predominantly in the western half of the district of West Northamptonshire, with a small area of the NCA extending into Cherwell District, Oxfordshire, Harborough District, Leicestershire and Stratford-on-Avon District and the Borough of Rugby, both of which are part of Warwickshire.

## Extent

The NCA runs from the northern border of Northamptonshire and Leicestershire in a south westerly direction towards Banbury, roughly following the border between West Northamptonshire and Warwickshire, until reaching, and extending around 8 km into Oxfordshire.
It encompasses nearly all of the former Daventry District, as well as the western half of the former district of South Northamptonshire.

## Geology

Much of the area lies on a mixed strata from the Jurassic Period when Limestone was deposited in the north of the area, with the east and the south of the district capping off the Limestone deposits with ironstone-rich sandstone.
Over time the weathering of these minerals by a previously formed ocean has given many of the rocks in the area a wide variety of distinctive colours.
Above the solid geology there is a mixture of clay like soil (till) and sand and rock (alluvium), which made early agricultural efforts difficult and restricted drainage to the rivers and streams in the region.

## Geography
### Physical geography

The area is mainly characterised by its fairly low, rolling hills that are often rounded. The Watford Gap and Cherwell Valley split the area into the North, Central and South uplands.

#### North Uplands

The North Uplands begin roughly around Long Buckby and are at their most prominent around Cold Ashby, Naseby and Guilsborough. To the Northwest, the uplands are interrupted by the Vale of Rugby, a flat, yet undulating area formed by the floodplain of the River Avon. To the Northeast, the uplands see the Brampton Valley give way to a more open landscape in the form of the Brampton Floodplain.
Several Valleys can be found in this area, and they have been frequently used as sources of water storage, with Hollowell Reservoir, Ravensthorpe Reservoir, and Pitsford Reservoir making up a considerable portion of the county's water storage capacity.

#### Central Uplands

The Central Uplands form the bulk of the NCA and begin at the southwestern edge of the Watford Gap. They continue to the Cherwell Valley, around Banbury, which forms the border with Oxfordshire, where the land flattens.
The Central Uplands are most extreme along the A361 Corridor between Daventry and Banbury, as well as the area immediately surrounding Daventry, Likely due to the amount of water sources in the area, with the Cherwell, Leam and Nene Rivers' sources lying in this area.
The Nene Valley, situated immediately to the South of Daventry lies between Newnham Hill and Bunkers and Church Hills in Badby. Further West, the Leam Valley sees Catesby Viaduct and Tunnel cross the Valley between Staverton and Hellidon Hills. These sets of Hills, alongside Borough Hill form a basin in which Daventry sits.

#### Southern Uplands

The southern section of the Uplands comprises the area west of the Cherwell Valley and the areas immediately surrounding Banbury.

### Human geography
#### Settlements

The area contains two major towns: Daventry and Banbury, as well as several other important settlements including Long Buckby, Weedon Bec, Brixworth, Crick and Woodford Halse.

#### Transport

There are several major transport corridors which pass through the area. The M1 and M40 motorways pass through the uplands and link major population centres in England. The UK's shortest motorway, the M45 also passes through the Uplands.
The A5, A14 both pass through the area. The longest three digit A road in the UK, the A361 also passes through the uplands. Other important A roads in the area include the A428, the A422 and the A425.
The West Coast Mainline passes through the uplands via the northwestern half of the Northampton Loop, reconnecting just to the northwest of DIRFT in the Vale of Rugby. Its only station in the boundaries of the NCA is Long Buckby.
The Chiltern Main Line also passes through Banbury in the southern uplands. There are two stations in this area, Banbury and King's Sutton.